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This article examines how the manner of waging war was negotiated by the belligerent states and mediated via the intervention of neutral countries and international organisations in the period 1914-1918. What constituted legitimate and non-legitimate war conduct was a contested subject, and reflected rival understandings of humanitarian obligation, national interest and the right to safeguard military security. For international jurists and legal advisors to governments, as well as for the wider public, it also raised the possibility of post-war trials for what were deemed to be “war crimes” committed by one side or the other. The two Balkan wars of 1912-1913 were an important precursor to the First World War in this respect. In particular, they were a warning that all the progress made towards “humanising” the conduct of war – whether stemming from older Christian teachings or more modern concepts of international law – might come to nothing in the event of a major conflict in Europe. The report of the International Commission on the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars, funded by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, gave a vivid account of numerous, multilateral violations of the Geneva (1864, 1906) and Hague conventions (1899, 1907), and more generally of the established rules and customs of war. This included instances of “extermination, [forced] migration and [forced] assimilation” of supposedly “alien” populations or nationalities. Even so, the western powers could comfort themselves with the “knowledge” that the Balkans were not really part of “Europe”. The report of the Carnegie Commission certainly reinforced this long-standing belief. It was left to an audacious fifteen-year-old student in Bavaria, the young Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956), to challenge the notion that the west could impose order on the basis of its self-referential vision for world justice. In August 1913, his parable, “The Balkan War”, was published in the school magazine he edited in Augsburg: In the years that followed, Brecht’s parable turned out to be prescient in at least two respects. Firstly, the “Balkanisation” or “re-territorialisation” of the Balkans to create new, supposedly more “national” but certainly non-historic state borders under the treaties of London, Bucharest and Constantinople in 1913 begat more, not less violence, particularly against “alien” civilians and other non-combatants. And secondly, across Europe the principles for a more humane conduct of war between “civilised” nations enshrined in the Geneva and Hague conventions were exposed for what they had always been: a 19th century means of advancing the global and imperial interests of the great powers which were unable to withstand the unprecedented challenges of 20thcentury total war. This had one potential advantage: laying bare the power interests at stake in negotiations over the conduct of war should have, in theory, made such negotiations more straightforward. However, in reality, things were more complex, with (contested) notions of international justice continuing to play a role alongside questions of power and prestige in how the conduct of the war was negotiated and mediated. The following article will demonstrate this by looking at the stance taken both by the wartime belligerents and by neutral mediators. First, though, it will be necessary to consider which elements of the war’s conduct caused the most controversy in international politics in the period 1914 to 1918, and why. War Conduct and International Politics↑ After the outbreak of hostilities in 1914, it was by no means all aspects of waging war that were subject to international negotiation or mediation, even if they involved wilful breaches of international or domestic law. Espionage, counter-espionage and code-breaking, for example, were considered beyond legitimate discussion. Even to place these matters into international public debate would mean to admit knowledge of organisations and clandestine networks that officially did not exist and activities that formally did not take place. Secrecy was the essence of all intelligence-gathering operations. Furthermore, as much or perhaps even more wartime espionage was undertaken against allies or neutral countries than against enemies. Spying on enemies itself often entailed covert operations on neutral soil. Even where this was discovered, embarrassment about security breaches again militated against exposure in the public domain. In other cases, negotiating the conduct of war proved difficult not because of a reluctance to discuss the problem in public, but because there were totally irreconcilable views on what had actually taken place, rendering discussion or mediation for the purpose of reaching some kind of agreement pointless, or even counter-productive. The classic example here would be the issue of guerrilla warfare, which cropped up very soon after the outbreak of hostilities, especially in relation to Belgium. All sides were more or less in agreement that any armed resistance against invading troops had to take place within the bounds of the 1907 Hague Convention on Land Warfare (Haager Landkriegsordnung, HLKO). Article 1 of the HLKO stipulated that the only lawful combatants were those who were organised under the command of a “person responsible for his subordinates”; who wore a “fixed distinctive emblem recognizable at a distance”; and who “carr[ied] arms openly”. Where they disagreed was on whether there had in fact been any instances of unlawful guerrilla warfare on the part of Belgium in August 1914, and, if so, whether this was on a scale and level of intent sufficient to justify the atrocities committed in retaliation by the invading German forces against Belgian civilians, including deportations, the execution of hostages and the destruction of cultural treasures such as the medieval library in the town of Louvain. Another issue that ended in stalemate was the deployment of chemical weapons, namely poisonous gas, on the Western Front. The allies insisted that the Germans had been the first to use this, at the Second Battle of Ypres in April 1915, but the Germans counter-claimed that their troops had already been exposed to (non-lethal) tear gas and other “terror” weapons, including the recruitment of African and Asian troops to serve in Europe, even though this subverted existing racial hierarchies and undermined 19th century principles of white “superiority”. In the end, the poisonous gas issue was only resolved at a League of Nations conference in Geneva in 1925, culminating in ratification of the Geneva Protocol which prohibited use of chemical and biological weapons in future international conflicts. This did not stop governments or international organisations fearing the use of such weapons, and making contingency plans in the form of civil defence training, just as they also planned for the large-scale use of air attacks on civilian targets in future conflicts. Between 1925 and 1930, virtually every issue of the monthly Revue internationale de la Croix-Rouge contained at least one article by a leading medical, legal or arms expert about the threat facing humanity from chemical warfare. The third set of cases revolved around instances where negotiations over particular forms of military conduct took place during the war itself, but one or both sides refused over a long period of time to compromise, making the continuation of discussions pointless. Many aspects of economic warfare fell into this bracket, in particular the British-led allied naval blockade of the central powers, which lasted until July 1919, in spite of the growing suffering of the civilian population in Germany and Austria-Hungary under its effects. True, the allies were prepared to negotiate with neutral countries over certain aspects of the blockade as it impacted on their domestic economies and trading relationships. However, such discussions were increasingly one-sided, especially after the Paris Economic Conference of June 1916 and the United States’ entry into the war against Germany as an associated power in April 1917, followed soon afterwards by China, Brazil, Liberia, Siam and several Central American countries. Many of the countries that declared war on Germany in 1917-1918 cited the latter’s declaration of unrestricted submarine warfare in February 1917 as their primary motivating factor. Yet, in fact, until 1917 Berlin had shown some signs of being able to compromise on this issue, for instance after the sinking of the Lusitania off the coast of Ireland on 7 May 1915, when it succumbed to American-led international pressure to place limits on what submarine commanders could do. However, German commanders in the field and the army staging areas were less willing to compromise over aspects of military policy in Belgium and northern France as time went by, not least as the occupation regime took away scarce material resources while encountering what the Germans regarded as illegal resistance from the civilian population in the form of passive and active work refusal. True, in late 1914 and early 1915 agreements were reached to allow an international food relief programme organised by the Quaker philanthropist and future U. S. President Herbert Hoover (1874-1964) to operate in the invaded areas. Many of the 10,000 French and 13,000 Belgian hostages seized in the first weeks of the war were also released. But from mid-1915 onwards, there were further incidents of hostage-taking and deportations, including the case of 20,000 French women and girls taken against their will from their homes in the city of Lille and surrounding towns at Easter 1916 and forced to work on agricultural projects under the direction of the German occupation authorities. Overall, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) estimated that 100,000 French and Belgian civilians had been deported to Germany by the end of the war. In addition, tens of thousands were forcibly recruited into civilian labour gangs in the occupied zones. There was also widespread international condemnation of the decision to execute nurse Edith Cavell (1865-1915) in October 1915 for helping allied servicemen to escape from occupied Belgium; and equally of the death sentence carried out in Bruges against Captain Charles Fryatt (1872-1916), a British merchant sea captain, in July 1916, for attempting to ram a German submarine that he thought was about to attack the unarmed ship he was then commanding in the North Sea, the SS Brussels. Finally, in the spring of 1917, the German army was castigated for using a series of brutal reprisal measures on the Western Front to force Britain and France to withdraw their recently deployed military prisoner-of-war (POW) labour battalions to a distance of no less than thirty kilometres from the firing lines. So, given all of the above, what aspects of the war’s conduct did lend themselves to continuous, non-violent negotiation or mediation between 1914 and 1918? In fact, there were just two: care of the enemy wounded on and off the battlefield – an area of remarkable success for international cooperation – and, related to this, treatment of POWs away from the fighting zones. These were the issues that had prompted the first Geneva convention of 1864 (revised 1906), and it is indeed significant to note that both the allied side and the central powers felt sufficiently invested in securing improvements in these areas to make ongoing cooperation viable, if not always smooth. For some historians, such as Richard B. Speed III, this is evidence of the survival of a more “liberal tradition” of captivity from the 19th century into the First World War era. However, it is more likely to have been the result of economic self-interest: captor powers were interested in keeping their prisoners healthy so that they could be used as a labour resource at home and in the fighting zones. Domestic political pressures also played a role in securing exchange deals: the sheer amount of time spent by some captives in POW camps led to concerns firstly about the financial and emotional impact on families, and secondly about the long-term consequences for the physical and mental health of the prisoners themselves. The Vatican was one of the first neutral parties to bring this up, an important consideration in Catholic countries. Humanitarian groups in Switzerland, and even individual medical experts, voiced their concerns. Campaign groups at home acted on behalf of the relatives of prisoners and advertised the negative effects of long-term family separation on national efficiency and social cohesion. Both prisoners and their families were potential future voters; their attitude towards the state and/or governing political parties that took them into war and at the same time claimed responsibility for their health and well-being could not be ignored. The first agreements were signed in early 1915 for the exchange of severely wounded prisoners (grands blessés). These agreements also applied to enemy civilian internees. In January 1916 the French and German governments signed an agreement in Bern for the neutral internment, in Switzerland, of certain categories of less severely wounded prisoners. Over 1916 these arrangements were extended to include Britain, Belgium and Austria-Hungary. In July 1917 a parallel agreement was signed at The Hague between Germany and Britain for the internment of prisoners in the Netherlands. The latter for the first time included reference to “barbed-wire disease”, the mental illness associated with long-term captivity, as one of the categories under which a prisoner could be considered eligible for transfer into neutral internment. The measures discussed above did not put an end to prisoner abuses by any means. With regard to the violently imposed “thirty-kilometre agreement”, while the allies stuck to this with “remarkabl[e] tenaci[ty]” after 1917, Germany did not. Furthermore, even when they were not deployed directly behind the lines, the use of POW labour battalions on the Western Front in 1917-1918 sailed very close to breaching key stipulations in the 1907 HLKO, not least article 6, which stated that any work allotted to captured enemy personnel “shall not be excessive and shall have no connection with the operations of the war”. Nor, by 1918, was forced labour the only problem. Prisoner exchange agreements, even when ratified by national governments, were slow to be implemented and were sometimes deliberately held up by army commanders citing reasons of military security. Those affected included the diseased, the over-worked and the under-fed. Up to 100,000 Italian POWs in Austrian captivity – or one sixth of the total – died from malnutrition in the last year of the war. A group of enemy civilian prisoners released from the camp at Katzenau near Linz in Upper Austria in September 1918, again mostly Italians, arrived at the Swiss border suffering from terrible illnesses: Nonetheless, the fact is that military and civilian captivity was one of the few areas of wartime conduct where dialogue between the belligerent states remained open until November 1918 and where positive outcomes were possible in some contexts. In particular, with the significant exceptions of Italian, Romanian and Russian POWs on all fronts, Serbs in Habsburg captivity, British prisoners in the Ottoman Empire, and German and Habsburg prisoners in Russia, death rates in camps were generally low. Killing of prisoners on the battlefield immediately after capture did occur on both sides, but instances were “episodic” rather than “systematic”, and surrendering was generally a good way of guaranteeing one’s physical survival. Respect for Red Cross personnel and facilities in land-based theatres was also “for the most part upheld”, although in the war at sea, German submarines were known to attack hospital ships with Red Cross markings in defiance of international law, blaming this on Britain’s alleged “systematic misuse” of such ships for transporting munitions and healthy (as well as wounded) soldiers. Propaganda and the Conduct of the War↑ Propaganda was one way in which ideas about how the war was being conducted could be communicated to foreign and domestic audiences. Yet at the same time, propaganda was itself a means of conducting the war, and indeed a highly contentious one. The German government in particular repeatedly expressed its outrage at the “lies” allegedly told about the behaviour of its troops in Belgium in 1914, a strand of thinking which subsequently fed into the more general campaign against the “war-guilt lie” after 1919. Added to their sense of grievance was the fact that, early on during the war, the allies cut the transatlantic cables linking Germany to the New World, making it all the harder to spread the German message there. For official diplomatic business, Berlin had to rely on use of the U. S. state department’s cables, which the allies, of course, could not cut (although British naval intelligence intercepts on these cables enabled the discovery of the Zimmermann Telegram in early 1917, among other things). Meanwhile, a more immediate German response to the Belgian atrocity stories was to start gathering “proof” of allied misdeeds against German civilians. As early as 26 August 1914, the German Reich office of the interior appointed one of its ministerial directors, Dr. Otto Just (1854-1931), as Reich commissioner for the discussion of Belgian atrocities against Germans (Reichskommissar zur Erörterung belgischer Gewalttätigkeiten gegen Deutsche), with a remit to collect evidence that German civilians living in Belgium had been mistreated in the early weeks of the war. Within a month, Just’s mandate had been extended: now his title was Reich commissioner for the discussion of acts of violence committed against German civilians on enemy territory (Reichskommissar zur Erörterung von Gewalttätigkeiten gegen deutsche Zivilpersonen in Feindesland). Some of Just’s material was cited verbatim in the Reichstag committee of inquiry’s report on wartime violations of international law, published in 1927. However, the German foreign office (Auswärtiges Amt, AA) took steps to make sure that the information he collected on the supposed mistreatment of German civilians in Britain and the British Empire was not placed in the public domain during the war itself, insisting that many of the eye-witness statements needed to be checked to make sure they were water-tight. This reflected both a legalistic mind-set and a desire to postpone open confrontation with alleged allied abuses until after the war. While hostilities continued, priority was given to defending the conduct of German soldiers in the fighting zones and occupied territories, rather than presenting non-combatant Germans as victims. The Austro-Hungarian ministry of foreign affairs had no such qualms; it had already published four volumes of documentary evidence regarding alleged breaches of international law by allied countries between 1915 and 1916. Its accusations included mistreatment of Austrians and Hungarians living in Britain, France and their overseas possessions, and violations of the HLKO committed by Russian, Serbian, Montenegrin and Italian troops. The Serbs and Montenegrins in particular were deemed to have deliberately encouraged “the horrific and insidious participation of the whole population” in acts of guerrilla warfare against the legitimate occupying power in their lands. The allies’ use of black soldiers to guard Habsburg and German civilians held in (and subsequently deported from) West and Central Africa was also condemned as a breach of “European conventions” (europäische Völkerrecht) since the British, French and Belgian imperial authorities could offer no guarantees that the “wild and half-wild hordes” (Wilde und Halbwilde) who made up the ranks of their colonial armies “will stick within the rules of warfare determined by international law”. After 1915, Berlin and Vienna vociferously defended their new ally Bulgaria in public, despite horrific stories about its treatment of Serb civilians in the occupied Vardar Macedonia region, where the frequent partisan-led “uprisings against the military regime were crushed with [great] severity”. But behind the scenes, they too had private concerns. The Habsburg ambassador in Sofia, Count Adam Tarnowski von Tarnów (1866-1946), for instance, in a note to the ministry of foreign affairs in Vienna on 1 March 1916, expressed his exasperation at what he called – following an unsatisfactory conversation with Bulgarian Prime Minister Vasil Radoslavov (1854-1929) – the “system of extermination and robbery” (Ausrottungs- und Raubsytem) that was currently being practised by Bulgarian forces in and around the city of Niš. The allies, for their part, occasionally promoted newspaper reports of alleged Habsburg misdeeds in occupied territories and frontier zones, including deportations of civilians. In particular, they were interested in stories regarding expulsions of Italians from the border regions of the monarchy, especially as evidence emerged that such measures were taken even before the official Italian declaration of war on 23 May 1915. However, they were cautious here in the sense that the dissolution of the Habsburg monarchy did not become an official allied aim until early in 1918. Evidence collected by British military intelligence, for instance on the mistreatment of “Russophile” Ruthene prisoners at the Thalerhof camp near Graz, was not always shared with the pro-allied press, at least until the final year of the war. Allied governments, particularly the British and French, were less reserved when it came to reporting on the Turkish genocide against the Ottoman Armenians in 1915-1916. This was by far the worst atrocity of the First World War, and profoundly shocked many of the foreign observers who witnessed various aspects of it, including the initial massacres in eastern Anatolia, the forced marches into the desert, the camps for survivors in Ottoman Syria, and cases of further mass slaughter. The British, French, Russians and Italians were anxious not to offend Islamic opinion in their own empires by presenting the Turkish government’s actions as a religious- or ethnically-motivated attack on Christendom. In (still neutral) America, the press was less inclined to caution on this point, as was liberal and conservative public opinion across the world more generally. Yet because this was a crime carried out by a belligerent state against its own subjects, it was not considered by western governments to have the same legal or political ramifications for how the war was being conducted between belligerent states in other parts of the world, and particularly in Europe. For the allies, and especially for allied jurists, it was more convenient to focus on the Germans’ “systematic… brutality” in France and Belgium, and it was largely on this basis that they made connections with the Turkish massacre of the Armenian population. Spain has been described by Jens Albes as the most important of the European neutrals during the war, although it is not clear why. True, it was by default the largest and most populous of the continental non-belligerent countries, at least after Italy joined the allied side on 23 May 1915. It was also clearly affected by the global economic showdown, and played a role in negotiations over the conduct of the war at sea. However, unlike Switzerland, the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries, it had no direct land or maritime border with the central powers and was therefore of less strategic significance in allied measures to prevent breaches of the blockade. In fact, Spain’s role was probably more important in terms of mediating the conduct of the war in Africa. In early 1916, the last of the German colonial forces in Cameroon fled across the border to Spanish Guinea, with French troops in hot pursuit. The Spanish authorities were obliged to intern them for the remainder of the war, first on the island of Fernando Po off the west coast of Africa, and then – following pressure from the allies – in mainland Spain. This was a form of neutral internment undertaken not for humanitarian purposes, but to protect Spain’s status as a neutral and offset a threatened Anglo-French invasion of its African territories. Other than that, Spain acted as protecting power for French, Belgian and Russian prisoners in Germany and Austria-Hungary and for German and Habsburg captives in France. In that capacity, Spanish embassy officials carried out camp inspections, although like the ICRC, they were refused access to military or civilian POW labour battalions in occupied territories. In May 1918, a group of 200 Germans who had been deported to Lisbon from Mozambique by the Portuguese colonial authorities in 1917 directly petitioned Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886-1941) to intercede on their behalf, but he was unable to secure their return to Germany before the end of the war. Likewise, Spanish diplomats in Vienna tried but largely failed to remedy the terrible conditions experienced by several hundred Serb men, women and children at the camp in Nezsider (Neusiedl) who had been deported from Habsburg-occupied Serbia in the wake of partisan uprisings in 1917. The Austro-Hungarian war ministry responded, in a note to the ministry of foreign affairs in February 1918, by asserting that, “complaints made by Serb internees have the sole purpose of soliciting more money and gifts from the Spanish embassy”. A much more significant role as mediator of how the war was conducted in Europe was played by the United States, at least until the beginning of 1917. The state department supported private initiatives to mitigate the suffering of civilian occupied populations, such as Hoover’s Commission for Relief in Belgium. It also played a leading part in ongoing negotiations about the conduct of the war at sea. Finally, the U. S. acted as protecting power for German interests in Britain, British interests in Germany, and British, French and Italian interests in Austria-Hungary. Yet there were also significant differences of opinion among American diplomats in Europe about how they should act in face of misconduct on either side that did not directly impact on U. S. interests. At one extreme was Joseph C. Grew (1880-1965), first secretary of the U. S. embassy in Berlin, who believed that as representatives of the protecting power, he and his fellow diplomats had a duty to be entirely transparent in their activities and to produce “complete and true statement[s] of the facts” in relation to complaints about misconduct by one side or the other in the war, even if this made mediation more difficult. As he wrote to his father-in-law, Thomas Sergeant Perry (1845–1928), on 6 December 1914, he and his colleagues saw themselves as progressives upholding universal values and the rule of law: “We realize that if militarism is not now killed once and for ever, the progress of the world will be retarded for many generations to come”. At the other extreme was the U. S. consul general in Vienna, Ulysses Grant-Smith (1870-1959), who, upon receiving reports from a junior colleague in Hungarian-administered Fiume (Rijeka) about the deportation of Italians living there in May 1915, retorted: A middle way was taken by the U. S. ambassadors in London, Walter Hines Page (1855-1918), and Berlin, James W. Gerard (1867-1951), who at an early stage in the war committed themselves – in Gerard’s words – to pool their mutual knowledge in order to “prevent an increase of bitterness” between the opposing sides by encouraging them to modify their policies in a more humane direction. Needless to say, by the time he had returned to the United States in 1917, Gerard had become one of America’s (and the world’s) leading critics of “Kaiserism”, not least in relation to the German Empire’s conduct of the war. The ICRC faced a similar dilemma to neutral diplomats when it came to enforcing the Geneva conventions and the Hague regulations. If it made infractions too visible, it might encourage reprisals. But if it kept too quiet about abuses, then it would lose the most important lever that it did have: the force of international public opinion. By 1916, indeed, one of its principal and most successful campaigns had been to limit the use of reprisals in the treatment of POWs and civilian internees, an issue that it continued to press right up to 1918. Moreover, whereas the system of protecting powers tended to focus narrowly on mediation between two warring countries, the ICRC was able, at least in theory, to work on a multilateral basis. Its inspection of POW camps, for instance, spread well beyond Europe to take in North Africa, the Middle East, India, Burma and Japan. Lack of resources and geographical barriers nonetheless prevented it from being able to reach all parts of the world where conduct of the war was an issue. In Russia in particular, it had to rely on proxies, including the Danish and Swedish Red Cross Societies and the American YMCA organisation. In contrast to neutral powers, its POW camp inspection system did not reach as far as the Americas, sub-Saharan Africa or Australasia. With regard to other campaigns, the ICRC also had some notable failures, for instance in preventing the use of chemical weapons on the Western Front, or the torpedoing of hospital ships. In the spring of 1917 it was unable to mediate in the extremely violent dispute between Germany and Britain and France over the deployment of POW labour battalions close to the front lines, or even to gain access to the prisoners concerned – except via the heavily censored and manipulated letters that the latter were allowed to write. In September 1917 its joint call, with national Red Cross societies from neutral countries, for an all-round end to reprisals against prisoners and for equality of status between military and civilian POWs fell on deaf ears. Although it collaborated with a variety of secular and religious humanitarian organisations organised at national and transnational level, its relations with the Vatican, a key player in attempts to negotiate more humane treatment of prisoners according to universal Christian precepts, remained poor. It was often left out of bilateral negotiations between belligerent states, and had to ask for copies of individual POW conventions signed at Bern, The Hague and elsewhere in 1916-1918. Some pacifist and feminist groups also criticised the ICRC for attempting to render war more acceptable instead of campaigning for its immediate, unconditional end. Scandinavian countries sometimes offered to mediate on behalf of, or provide services to, POWs in areas that the ICRC could not reach, especially, as indicated above, when it came to communications with the Russian government regarding captured central powers personnel. Negotiations for the exchange of severely wounded POWs via Swedish soil met with some success in 1915. However, unlike the ICRC, both the Danish and Swedish Red Cross societies shied away from carrying out official inspections of camps themselves, partly because of the distances involved in travelling to places of captivity in the more remote parts of the Russian Empire, but also because their humanitarianism was linked to their self-understanding as national, rather than international organisations. Instead, they negotiated safe passage for a number of inspection tours carried out by groups of volunteer (and mainly aristocratic) Red Cross nurses from Germany and Austria-Hungary in conjunction with the Russian Red Cross, and by the quasi-independent and much mythologised Swedish activist Elsa Brändström (1888-1948). Denmark and Norway, it should be noted, were sufficiently far removed from the fighting fronts to make acts of mediation seem more like a choice than a necessity. True, they may have felt the effects of the allied naval blockade, but they were less touched by other aspects of the war, whether in the form of proximity to battlefields, occupation zones and sites of alleged atrocities, or exposure to refugees, deserters and escaped or abandoned prisoners arriving at their borders. The same cannot be said for Sweden, which became more heavily involved in mediation between Tsarist Russia and the Central Powers during the years 1915-1916, and in prisoner repatriation on the Eastern Front in 1917. In Western Europe, it was the Swiss and Dutch governments that mediated the bulk of agreements on the treatment and release of POWs and internees. Switzerland took in a total of 67,700 moderately sick POWs and civilian internees between 1916 and 1919, albeit with a maximum of 30,000 at any one time. If they had not recovered from their ailments after three months, they could apply to be sent home; if they did recover, they were obliged to stay in Switzerland, and, in the case of rank-and-file military prisoners, to work in order to earn their keep. In 1917, the Dutch government agreed to intern 16,000 British and German prisoners under similar conditions, with 2,000 places reserved for civilians, and a further 6,500 for officers and NCOs. This kind of neutral internment was undertaken voluntarily and for a mixture of humanitarian motives and national interest. Or, as the Swiss medical expert Adolf Lukas Vischer (1884-1974) put it in his book on “barbed-wire disease”: “Whilst Europe is sweltering in blood and fury, our country has demonstrated its will, even at this time, to cherish and foster the ideals of humanity. Switzerland has thereby brilliantly justified her right to existence”. Severely wounded prisoners (grands blessés) could also use Swiss or Dutch territory as a transit route home, in the Swiss case between France, Germany, Austria and Italy, and in the Dutch case between Britain and Germany. In addition, both countries were obliged to take in other “war guests” in order to safeguard their neutral status, including individual deserters and escaped prisoners; soldiers from warring armies who crossed into their territory in order to evade capture or slaughter by the enemy; and civilian refugees from war zones. Indeed, in terms of negotiating and mediating wartime conduct towards deserters, captured enemy personnel and occupied populations, it is reasonable to argue that the Netherlands and Switzerland had a far more important role to play than did Spain or the Scandinavian nations. Sweden again was a partial exception, as it too allowed its territory to be used for prisoner exchanges between Russia and the Central Powers – albeit without the additional offer of neutral internment for the less severely injured or unwell. The war ended in 1918/1919 with no agreement on general principles concerning changes that were needed to the international rules governing the conduct of war on land or sea. At best, the main allied powers concurred that commitment to upholding the rule of law underpinned and guaranteed their security, but they differed among themselves about what their security needs were. True, the League of Nations injected a new “dynamic of internationalization” into relations between the main European and extra-European imperial powers, but, as Susan Pedersen has shown, this was largely directed towards making the inter-war global/colonial order appear “more humane and therefore more legitimate”, rather than (re-)defining legitimate conduct in war. Meanwhile, as a legal document, the peace settlement committed Germany to disarm, to hand over leading war criminals, and to renounce certain weapons, including submarines and most types of surface warships, thus supposedly safeguarding Europe from the evils of “militarism”. However, the Germans in the end refused to surrender any war criminals, opting instead to stage their own, unsatisfactory series of trials before the Reich supreme court (Reichsgericht) in Leipzig in 1921 and 1922. While the court looked at hundreds of complaints, a mere seventeen cases were actually pursued all the way to a judicial verdict, and just ten defendants were found guilty. Furthermore, although the German government went through with disarmament, it did so reluctantly and without accepting the moral legitimacy of the allies’ one-sided demands. The former Prussian, now Reich ministry of war defended the German army’s conduct during the war, publishing works after 1918 that disingenuously claimed that any breaches of international law on its part – for instance, in relation to use of gas or mistreatment of prisoners – were either not breaches, as they were carried out for reasons of military necessity, or were justified acts of reprisal designed to force the allies to cease their misconduct in the war. A similar line was taken by the Reichstag committee of inquiry in its 1927 report on wartime breaches of international law, which concluded, among other things, that the shooting of hostages in Belgium in 1914 had not constituted a war crime on Germany’s part, and that the entente powers, and above all France, had systemically violated Greece’s neutrality before 1917: The failure to agree on general principles also influenced how international campaigners for stronger humanitarian laws of war interpreted the new liberal world order. At first the Paris Peace Conference raised some hopes. The Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, holding its first post-war congress at Zurich in May 1919, petitioned the peace-makers, among other things, to outlaw the mass deportation of civilians from war zones, noting that “the expulsion of thousands of innocent people cannot be treated as an internal affair of any of the nations concerned”. Newly-formed states in Central and Eastern Europe were quick to express their desire to accede to the Geneva Convention of 1906, with independent Czechoslovakia already sending notes to this effect to the Swiss federal council on 15 September and 17 November 1919. And the ICRC, at its ninth international conference in 1921, resolved to persuade national governments that in future wars “there should be no civilian prisoners other than those capable of bearing arms, those fit for military service in the strictest meaning of the phrase”. However, the lack of common agreement on what constituted “correct” conduct in war, and thus what international justice might look like in the modern era, led most peace campaigners in the 1920s to focus on preventing war in the first place. This signalled, as Alan Kramer argues, a marked shift in emphasis in international debates from jus in bello towards jus ad bellum. Collective security through the League of Nations, which Germany was allowed to join in 1926, competed here with the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928. Both developments marked the arrival of a new era in international relations in which 19th century assumptions about the “responsible” use of power were now widely recognised as redundant or worse. However, neither development stopped the outbreak of horrifying new conflicts in the 1930s: the Japanese attack on Manchuria, and then on China more generally; the Italian conquest of Ethiopia; and the Spanish Civil War. Aerial bombings, chemical attacks, abuse of prisoners of war, and deportations of civilians featured in some or all of these conflicts. True, the revised 1929 Geneva Convention allowed certain improvements in the rules regarding treatment of military captives, based on the experience of real cases of misconduct or hardship during the war. Even the German Reichstag’s committee of inquiry, otherwise very hostile to allied claims, had concluded in 1927 that there was enough common ground on this particular question to allow for “a further expansion” (ein weiterer Ausbau) of the existing rules. However, the special case of POWs – alongside the 1925 Geneva Protocol prohibiting use of chemical and biological weapons – should not be mistaken for a more general revival of faith in negotiation and mediation as the best means to “humanise” war. In fact, it was to take the much greater civilian and combatant suffering of the Second World War to focus minds once again on the universal humanitarian imperatives behind attempts to modify the rules of armed conflict in the new, post-liberal and post-fascist world order that began to emerge after 1945. Matthew Stibbe, Sheffield Hallam University Section Editor: Vanda Wilcox - Segesser, Daniel Marc: The International Debate on the Punishment of War Crimes during the Balkan Wars and the First World War, in: Peace & Change. Journal of Peace Research 31/4 (2006), pp. 533-554. - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars, Washington, D.C. 1914, pp. 148ff. - Todorova, Maria: Imagining the Balkans, Oxford 1997, pp. 3-4 and 118. - Hayman, Ronald: Brecht. A Biography, London 1983, p. 3. - Proctor, Tammy M.: Female Intelligence. Women and Espionage in the First World War, New York 2003, pp. 23-25. - Kramer, Alan: Kriegsrecht und Kriegsverbrechen, in: Hirschfeld, Gerhard / Krumeich, Gerd / Renz, Irina (eds.): Enzyklopädie Erster Weltkrieg, Paderborn 2003, pp. 281-292 (here pp. 284-285). - Hull, Isabel V.: A Scrap of Paper. Breaking and Making International Law during the Great War London 2014, pp. 51-94; Horne, John / Kramer, Alan: German Atrocities, 1914. A History of Denial, New Haven 2001. - Segesser, Daniel Marc: Der Erste Weltkrieg in globaler Perspektive, Wiesbaden 2010, p. 172. - Hull, Scrap of Paper 2014, p. 274. - Grayzel, Susan R.: The Baby in the Gas Mask. Motherhood, Wartime Technology, and the Gendered Division between the Fronts During and After the First World War, in: Hämmerle, Christa / Überegger, Oswald / Bader Zaar, Birgitta (eds.): Gender and the First World War, Basingstoke 2014, pp. 127-143. - Kramer, Alan: Blockade and Economic Warfare, in: Winter, Jay (ed.): The Cambridge History of the First World War. The State, volume 2, Cambridge 2014, pp. 460-489. See also Hull, A Scrap of Paper 2014, pp. 176-182. - Segesser, Der Erste Weltkrieg 2010, pp. 169-170. - On the Hoover-administered Commission for Relief in Belgium (CRB), which operated in Belgium from October 1914 and northern France from March 1915, see McPhail, Helen: The Long Silence. Civilian Life under the German Occupation of Northern France, 1914-1918, London 2000, pp. 61-88. - Horne / Kramer, German Atrocities 2001, p. 166. - On the Easter 1916 deportations from Lille, Roubaix and Tourcoing, see Becker, Annette: Oubliés de la Grande guerre. Humanitaire et culture de guerre, 1914-1918. Populations occupées, déportés civils, prisonniers de guerre, Paris 1998, pp. 68-77. - Stibbe, Matthew: The Internment of Civilians by Belligerent States During the First World War and the Response of the International Committee of the Red Cross, in: Journal of Contemporary History, 41/1 (2006), pp. 5-19 (here p. 7). - Segesser, Der Erste Weltkrieg 2010, p. 171; Hull, Scrap of Paper 2014, pp. 106-110, 252-255. - Jones, Heather: Violence against Prisoners of War in the First World War. Britain, France and Germany, 1914-1920, Cambridge 2011, pp. 127-166. - Speed, Richard B. III: Prisoners, Diplomats and the Great War. A Study in the Diplomacy of Captivity, New York 1990, p. 3. - As emphasised by Oltmer, Jochen: Einführung. Funktionen und Erfahrungen von Kriegsgefangenschaft im Europa des Ersten Weltkriegs, in: Oltmer, Jochen (ed.): Kriegsgefangene im Europa des Ersten Weltkriegs, Paderborn 2006, pp. 10-23. - Vanneufville, G.: Initiatives et interventions charitables du Saint-Siège pendant la guerre, in: Revue internationale de la Croix-Rouge 1/7 (1919), pp. 800-834. See also Monticone, Alberto: La croce e il filo spinato. Tra prigionieri e internati civili nella Grande Guerra 1914-1918. La missione umanitaria dei delegati religiosi, Soveria Mannelli 2013. - See, for instance, the letter written by the Bern-based physician Oscar Levy on 28 August 1916, published in the Manchester Guardian, 4 September 1916. Copy in Society of Friends Library, London, FEWVRC/CAMPS/2. - One example would be the UK-based Ruhleben Prisoners’ Release Committee, founded in early 1917. See Stibbe, Matthew: British Civilian Internees in Germany. The Ruhleben Camp, 1914-18, Manchester 2008, pp. 138-143. - For the text of the Anglo-German Hague agreement of 2 July 1917, see Archives du Comité International de la Croix-Rouge, Geneva (henceforth ACICR), C G1, A 09-08. - Jones, Violence 2011, p. 160. - The Laws of War, issued by Yale Law School, online: https://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/lawwar.asp (retrieved: 14 October 2019). - Ziemann, Benjamin: Gewalt im Ersten Weltkrieg. Töten, Überleben, Verweigern, Essen 2013, p. 38. - Stibbe, Matthew: The Internment of Enemy Aliens in the Habsburg Empire, 1914-1918, in: Manz, Stefan / Panayi, Panikos / Stibbe, Matthew (eds.): Internment during the First World War. A Mass Global Phenomenon, London 2019, pp. 61-84 (here p. 75). - Ziemann, Gewalt 2013, pp. 37, 72-73. - Kramer, Kriegsrecht 2003, pp. 287-288. See also Deutscher Reichstag: Das Werk des Untersuchungsausschusses, 1919-1928 (henceforth WUA). Völkerrecht im Weltkrieg, series 3, volume 2, Berlin 1927, pp. 480-481. - Jeismann, Michael: Propaganda, in: Hirschfeld / Krumeich / Renz (eds.), Enzyklopädie 2003, pp. 198-209. - See Horne / Kramer, German Atrocities 2001, esp. pp. 375-400. Also Kriegsministerium: Die Lügentaktik des französischen amtlichen Berichts über angebliche deutsche Plünderungen, Berlin 1915. - Boghardt, Thomas: The Zimmermann Telegram. Intelligence, Diplomacy, and America’s Entry into World War I, Annapolis 2012. - See Landesarchiv Nordrhein-Westfalen Duisburg, Abt. Rheinland, Oberpräsidium, Nr. 14986, Bl. 59. Secretary of State in the Reich Office of Interior to Prussian Minister of Interior, 2 October 1914. - WUA, series 3, volume 3.2, pp. 719-855. - Bundesarchiv Berlin-Lichterfelde, R 901/82917. AA to the Reich Office of Interior, 10 December 1915. - Segesser, The International Debate 2006, p. 540. - k.u.k. Ministerium des Äussern (ed.): Sammlung von Nachweisen für die Verletzungen des Völkerrechts durch die mit Österreich-Ungarn kriegführenden Staaten, 4 volumes, Vienna 1915-1916. The abridged English version bore the title Collection of Evidence Concerning the Violations of International Law by the Countries at War with Austria-Hungary. - Einleitende Bemerkungen, in: ibid., volume 1, pp. XI-XII. - Ibid., pp. XII-XIII. - Kramer, Alan: Dynamic of Destruction. Culture and Mass Killing in the First World War, Oxford, 2007, p. 143. - Stibbe, Matthew: Ein globales Phänomen. Zivilinternierung im Ersten Weltkrieg in transnationaler und internationaler Dimension, in: Jahr, Christoph / Thiel, Jens (eds.): Lager vor Auschwitz. Gewalt und Integration im 20. Jahrhundert, Berlin 2013, pp. 158-176 (here p. 171). - See, for example, Italians Deported (From Our Milan Correspondent), in: The Times, 22 May 1915. - See, for instance, the British intelligence report: The National Archives, Kew, London (henceforth TNA), FO 383/123. Austria-Hungary. Treatment of Prisoners, 23 June 1916. For examples of the more sustained propaganda campaign against the Habsburgs’ conduct of the war in 1918, see also the various French-, Italian- and German-language brochures and newspaper cuttings in ACICR, C G1, A 18-20. - Bloxham, Donald: The Great Game of Genocide. Imperialism, Nationalism, and the Destruction of the Ottoman Armenians, Oxford 2005, pp. 136-137. - See, for instance, Moranian, Suzanne E.: The Armenian Genocide and American Missionary Relief Efforts, in: Winter, Jay (ed.): America and the Armenian Genocide of 1915, Cambridge 2003, pp. 185-213 (here esp. pp. 210-211). - Horne / Kramer, German Atrocities 2001, pp. 296-297; Segesser, The International Debate 2006, pp. 542-543. - Albes, Jens: Spanien, in: Hirschfeld / Krumeich / Renz (eds.), Enzyklopädie 2003, pp. 859-860 (here p. 859). - Murphy, Mahon: Colonial Captivity during the First World War. Internment and the Fall of the German Empire, 1914-1919, Cambridge 2018, p. 47. - Stibbe, Internment 2006, pp. 9-10. - Arquivio Histórico Militar, Lisbon, PT/AHM/DIV/1/35/0427/04. A La Majesté Catholique le Roi d’Espagne, le 10 mai 1918. - Stibbe, Internment 2019, p. 72. - Kramer, Blockade 2014, pp. 466-470. - Stibbe, Internment 2006, p. 12. - Grew Papers, Houghton Library, Cambridge, M. A., MS Am 1687, volume 5. Grew to Perry, 6 December 1914. - Stibbe, Internment 2019, p. 71. - TNA, FO 369/714. Gerard to Page, 8 November 1914. - Gerard, James W.: Face to Face with Kaiserism, London 1918. - Comité International de la Croix-Rouge (CICR): L’Agence internationale des Prisonniers de Guerre à Genève, 1914 et 1915, Geneva 1915. - The ICRC series Documents publiés à l’occasion de la guerre européenne (1915-18) included reports on visits to camps in India, Burma, Japan, the Ottoman Empire, Algeria and Tunisia as well as across Europe. - Stibbe, Internment 2006, p. 14. - Segesser, Der Erste Weltkrieg 2010, p. 172. - CICR: Rapport général du Comité International de la Croix-Rouge sur son activité de 1912 à 1920, Geneva 1921, pp. 18-19. - Jones, Violence 2011, p. 156. - Ferrière, Frédéric: Conférence des Croix-Rouges Neutres à Genève. Questions concernant les civils, Geneva 1917. - Becker, Oubliés 1998, pp. 236-266, 312-316. - Stibbe, Internment 2006, p. 16. - Becker, Oubliés 1998, pp. 308-312. - Davis, Gerald H.: National Red Cross Societies and Prisoners of War in Russia, 1914-18, in: Journal of Contemporary History 28/1 (1993), pp. 31-52. - See, for instance, ACICR, C G1, A 09-09. Conférence des Croix-Rouge autrichienne, russe et suédoise tenue à Stockholm les 4, 5, 6, 22 et 23 août 1917. - Huber, Anja: The Internment of Prisoners of War and Civilians in Neutral Switzerland, 1916-1919, in: Manz / Panayi / Stibbe (eds.), Internment 2019, pp. 252-272 (here pp. 255-257). - Wolf, Susanne: Guarded Neutrality. Diplomacy and Internment in the Netherlands during the First World War, Leiden 2013, p. 152. - Vischer, Adolf Lukas: Barbed-Wire Disease. A Psychological Study of the Prisoner of War, London 1919, p. 83. - de Roodt, Evelyn: Oorlogsgasten. Vluchtelingen en krijgsgevangenen in Nederland tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog, Zaltbommel 2000; Huber, Anja: Fremdsein im Krieg. Die Schweiz als Ausgangs- und Zielort von Migration, 1914-1918, Zurich 2018. - See note 70 above. - Pedersen, Susan: The Guardians. The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire, Oxford 2015, pp. 4 and 405. - Hankel, Gerd: Die Leipziger Prozesse. Deutsche Kriegsverbrechen und ihre strafrechtliche Verfolgung nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg, Hamburg 2003, p. 11. - See, for instance, Kriegssministerium: Die deutsche Kriegführung und das Völkerrecht. Beiträge zur Schuldfrage, Berlin 1919. Also Hull, Scrap of Paper 2014, pp. 238-239; and Groehler, Olaf: Der lautlose Tod. Einsatz und Entwicklung deutscher Giftgase von 1914 bis 1945, Hamburg 1989, pp. 25-26. - WUA, series 3, volume 2, p. 139. - Ibid., p. 46. - See point 34 of the “Resolutions presented to the peace conference of the powers in Paris”. WILPF Resolutions. 2nd Congress, Zurich, Switzerland, 1919, issued by Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, online: http://wilpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/WILPF_triennial_congress_1919.pdf (retrieved: 14 October 2019). - See Swiss Federal Archives, Bern, E#2200#36#1000#1741. President of Swiss Federal Council to the (French?) Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1 December 1919. - Stibbe, Internment 2006, p. 19. - Kramer, Kriegsrecht 2003, p. 290. - Jones, Violence 2011, pp. 336-337. - WUA, series 3, volume 2, p. 272. - Becker, Annette: Oubliés de la Grande guerre. Humanitaire et culture de guerre, 1914-1918. Populations occupées, déportés civils, prisonniers de guerre, Paris 1998: Éd. Noêsis. - Horne, John / Kramer, Alan: German atrocities 1914. A history of denial, New Haven 2001: Yale University Press. - Hull, Isabel V.: A scrap of paper. Breaking and making international law during the Great War, Ithaca 2014: Cornell University Press. - Jones, Heather: Violence against prisoners of war in the First World War. Britain, France, and Germany, 1914-1920, Cambridge; New York 2011: Cambridge University Press. - Kramer, Alan: Blockade and economic warfare, in: Winter, Jay (ed.): The Cambridge history of the First World War. The state, volume 2, New York 2014: Cambridge University Press, pp. 460-489. - Kramer, Alan: Kriegsrecht und Kriegsverbrechen, in: Hirschfeld, Gerhard / Krumeich, Gerd / Renz, Irina (eds.): Enzyklopädie Erster Weltkrieg, Paderborn 2003: Schöningh, pp. 281-292. - Kramer, Alan: Dynamic of destruction. Culture and mass killing in the First World War, Oxford; New York 2007: Oxford University Press. - Manz, Stefan / Panayi, Panikos / Stibbe, Matthew (eds.): Internment during the First World War. A mass global phenomenon, Abingdon et al. 2019: Routledge. - Segesser, Daniel Marc: Der Erste Weltkrieg in globaler Perspektive, Wiesbaden 2014: Marixverlag. - Segesser, Daniel Marc: The international debate on the punishment of war crimes during the Balkan wars and the First World War, in: Peace & Change 31/4, 2006, pp. 533-554. - Stibbe, Matthew: The internment of civilians by belligerent states during the First World War and the response of the International Committee of the Red Cross, in: Journal of Contemporary History 41/1, 2006, pp. 5-19. - Ziemann, Benjamin: Gewalt im Ersten Weltkrieg. Töten - Überleben - Verweigern, Essen 2013: Klartext Verlag.	<urn:uuid:7c5a7330-8f97-4761-9ec0-bfc698f95941>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/negotiating_and_mediating_conduct_of_war	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.926002	12,468	2.796875	3
Decided January 9th, 1912. Fraud: proof; resulting trusts. Equity. A Court of Equity will at all times lend its aid to defeat a fraudulent transaction; but the fraud, like any other fact, must be established by proof. p. 85 Fraud is never to be presumed. p. 85 Where the proof does not measure up to the legal requirement, a deed, absolute on its face, will not be set aside by a Court of Equity on the ground that the deed was clothed with a resulting trust in favor of the grantor. p. 85 Decided January 9th, 1912. Appeal from the Circuit Court of Wicomico County, sitting in equity, (TOADVIN, J.). The cause was submitted to BOYD, C.J., BRISCOE, PEARCE, BURKE, THOMAS, PATTISON, URNER and STOCKBRIDGE, JJ. Albert M. Jackson submitted a brief for the appellant. Ellegood, Freeney Wailes submitted a brief for the appellee. On the 10th day of March, in the year 1893, the appellant by deed, conveyed to John R. Twilley of Wicomico County, certain property situate in that county. The deed is as follows: In consideration of the sum of one hundred and seven dollars, I, the said Wm. A. Riggin, do grant unto John R. Twilley of county and State, a vacant lot of ground in the town of Sharptown, in Wicomico County, adjoining the school house, and which the said Riggin obtained from Jonathan Riggin by will. Also a tract of land about two miles from Sharptown, containing thirty acres, more or less (32), which Riggin obtained by the last will of Rhoda Robinson, recorded in the office of the Register of Wills for Wicomico County, to which reference is made, also a one-ninth interest in a water-mill called the Robinson Mill, in fee simple." This deed was properly executed, to pass real estate and was on the 10th day of March, 1893, recorded among the land records of Wicomico county. On the 13th day of April, in the year 1898, John R. Twilley, the grantee in the last named deed, by a duly executed conveyance, absolute on its face, in consideration of the sum of seventy dollars conveyed the identical property mentioned in the deed from Riggin to him, to one James Robinson, of Wicomico County, and this deed was on the 10th day of May, 1898, recorded among the land records of Wicomico county. On the 15th of July, 1909, the appellant filed in the Circuit Court for Wicomico County a bill of complaint against James Robinson, now deceased, alleging that the property was conveyed by the grantor to Twilley as trustee for the purpose of making a sale of the same and the proceeds to be used in paying the grantors indebtedness and when that was done, the residue of the property was to be reconveyed to the grantor, that he demanded a reconveyance of all the residue of the property not sold, but that it was not reconveyed, but instead of doing so, it was conveyed to the appellee by deed dated the 13th day of March, 1898, intending thereby to defraud and to keep the plaintiff out of his lawful rights, control and ownership of the land, and that the plaintiff has repeatedly requested a reconveyance of the land to him from the appellee, but he has refused, and still refuses to convey it. The bill further avers, that John R. Twilley departed this life in the year 1900, that the plaintiff holds possession of the land, has continued to cultivate it and to pay State and county taxes thereon. The prayer of the bill is: First, that the plaintiff may have said land conveyed back to him, free, clear, and discharged of all incumbrances, title, claim and interest of each and every party defendant hereto; second, that the parties may be decreed to convey the land to the plaintiff by a good and sufficient deed; third, that a proper person may be appointed to convey the land to the plaintiff by a good and sufficient deed, free, clear and discharged from all right, title, interest, claim and demand of the defendant or defendants herein named; and fourth, that the plaintiff may have such other and further relief as his case may require. The defendant by his answer denies all of the allegations of fraud set out in the bill, or any intent of fraud on his part or on the part of Twilley, who has been dead for some years, as to the purchase, and states that he had no knowledge until after the conveyance to him, of any of the alleged terms or conditions upon which the property was conveyed to Twilley, from whom he obtained it by deed. He also denies that he purchased it for an inadequate consideration, and avers that the defendant on the 12th of April, 1898, consented for him to purchase the land, and that he in perfect good faith, and for a good and valuable consideration bought the property, took control of it and rented it to other parties. He admits he did as a matter of favor, on or about the time of the execution of the deed, consent orally that the plaintiff might repurchase the land any time within two years from the date of the deed, upon his paying to him what he paid for it, and on account of the same, with interest and a reasonable sum of money for trouble that he might have on account of the same. He also avers that he stood ready and willing at any time within the two years to sell or reconvey the land to the complainant upon his complying with the parol understanding regarding the same but that the complainant did not at any time within the two years pay or tender to him any part of the purchase money paid by him for and on account of the land; but on the contrary has since the execution of the deed written many abusive, insulting and scurrilous letters to and about him, as well as about Twilley in which he made numerous vile, malicious and slanderous charges against both of them. The case was heard upon bill, answer and proof, and from a decree of the Circuit Court for Wicomico County dismissing the bill of complaint, this appeal has been taken. The only question presented by the record in this case, is whether upon the proof, the plaintiff can obtain the relief asked by his bill. There are no facts in the case, upon which a resulting trust to the grantor can be based. The consideration and purchase price was paid by the appellee to the grantor and no money whatever was paid by the plaintiff. In Groff v. Rohrer, 35 Md. 327, it is said, where upon a purchase of property, the conveyance of the legal estate is taken in the name of one person, whilst the consideration proceeds from another, the parties being strangers to each other, a resulting trust arises by virtue of the transaction and the grantee will be but a trustee for the party from whom the consideration proceeds. Mutual Ins. Co. v. Deale, 18 Md. 45; Cooke v. Fountain, 3 Swanst, 591. Nor do we find any proof or facts upon which the Court could hold the deed here absolute in form to be either a mortgage, a deed of trust, or a conditional sale. Hopper v. Smyser, 90 Md. 366; Dougherty v. McColgan, 6 G. J. 281; Conway v. Alexander, 7 Cranch, 218. There is no evidence in the record that any undue or fraudulent influence was exercised over the grantor as to either of the deeds. On the contrary, the evidence shows that the appellee did not desire to purchase the property and it was only after the consent of the appellant, that he decided to buy it. He directed the appellee by letter of the 12th of April, 1895, "to go ahead" with the purchase, provided he was given the space of two years from the date of the deed to redeem it. In his correspondence of June 25th, 1900, and of January 11th, 1904, the appellant recognized the right of the appellee to the property, and offered to purchase it from him, and the appellee was willing to comply with his oral agreement, to permit him to redeem upon payment of the purchase price, but there was no compliance by him. We entirely concur, in the opinion of the learned judge, who decided the case below, that "there was no pressure or force exercised to induce the appellant to consent to a sale, but the whole transaction was a fair, equitable business transaction where all parties interested or concerned agreed to and accepted the transaction as their free and voluntary act. Throughout the whole transaction the appellee displayed a liberal and forebearing disposition and desire to aid and assist the plaintiff by permitting him to reside on the defendant's land adjoining, and extending the time to redeem. We can see nothing in the whole transaction tainted by fraud, either on the part of Twilley or Robinson." While a Court of equity will at all times lend its aid to defeat a fraudulent transaction, fraud like any other fact must be established by satisfactory proof and it will not be presumed. The proof in this case does not measure up to the legal requirements, in cases of this character and being legally insufficient to support the allegations of the bill the Court below committed no error, in dismissing the plaintiff's bill. Decree affirmed, with costs.	<urn:uuid:b42ba509-a403-444b-95f8-8813ff781e59>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://casetext.com/case/riggin-v-robinson	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.971352	2,035	1.523438	2
Just one 'for instance' is the Supreme Court. Go back a few years ago when these men and ladies, dress in black, told State Supreme Court Judge Roy Moore that he had to remove the Ten Commandments from His court house. These Federal Judges issued this edict as they sat in front of a wall on which those same "TEN COMMANDMENTS" were chiseled in stone by our Fore-Father. It seems that those men, our Fore-Fathers had an idea that, one day, this country would attempt to move away from God - and to them, this was unacceptable. This is just one example but many illustration like this exist all around our Nation's Capital. Back to the 'opinion' of President Obama; again, no surprise that he is leading us away from God because His words, influence, and life seems to be directly opposite of what God's word teaches. Here is the thing: With him being a Muslim, how can he say such words? The last information I have is that 7 countries still have the death penalty for homosexuality and all of these are predominantly Muslim. It is not for me to say whether these laws are right or wrong as it is not for 'me' to say whether homosexuality is right or wrong. These are not MY PERSONAL DECISIONS OR RULES. When it comes to same-sex marriages, my opinion doesn't matter because God has already spoke to the issue. Like it or not, "God said it - that settles it." Oh I know, we may believe we are smarter than God, can make our own rules, and develop our own standards, but there will be a price to pay and God gets the last word. No president, potentate, or person is smarter than God or can change God's principles for life and living. We can only obey or disobey. With respect to the President, what will it take for Americans to face up to the fact that his leadership is not good for this country. We may not have liked 'past presidents' but, as Americans, our evaluations should not be given based on someone else's performance or someone we do or don't like, but rather on the individual's 'service' to our country. This country is in dire need of good and godly leadership. We need a true "Statesman" and not a "Politician". (A statesman stands "for what is right no matter the personal cost" while a politician seems to 'stick his finger in the air, figure out which way the political wind is blowing and goes along to keep his power base.) What is it going to take for us, as Christian voters, to wake up and step up.	<urn:uuid:7868e3b9-3c1e-41ec-81d7-19538bddf643>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://jerrywatts.blogspot.com/2012/06/what-will-it-take.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.978468	554	1.90625	2
Cybersecurity startup distributes Quantum Entropy as a Service worldwide, showcasing the transmission speed and scalability of its QiSpace™ platform OTTAWA, ON, Aug. 30, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Quantropi, Inc., a Canadian quantum security solutions provider, announced today the impressive results of a high-profile The results signal a radical shift in capability as compared to prevailing Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) methods. The deployed configuration originated with the QiSpace™ Cloud server in Ottawa, Canada, and involved transmitting quantum entropy to Edmonton, Canada, and then to San Francisco and New York in the USA, London and Frankfurt in Europe, and finally ended almost 15,000 kilometers away in Singapore. The demonstration achieved speeds in the megabits per second – as high as 100 Mbps to Edmonton. A complete comparative summary performance chart can be viewed here. "Let's translate these results to the business world," said Michael Redding, CTO of Quantropi. "If a 32-byte AES key is the standard, we're transmitting anywhere from just under 400,000 (Edmonton) down to 55,000 keys per second (Singapore). To get your head around this, Google – representing ten times the traffic of any other site on the planet – requires an estimated 64,000 32-byte keys per second. So just from our small beta server in Ottawa – pre-optimization – we can support anywhere in the neighborhood of one to six Googles per second. With every single key delivered as secure from any attack – classical or quantum." "Now compare that performance to conventional QKD," Mr. Redding continued. "At 20 kilometres QKD can get to roughly 10 megabits, or half a Google – that's already less than what we achieve at 15,000 kilometres. And beyond 100 kilometres QKD goes to zero; it cannot operate. So, what we are demonstrating here is a radical disruption, by quantum-securely distributing keys across huge distances, over any network. And that's a game changer." Read the full story. About QuantropiQuantropi, Inc., is a Canadian cybersecurity company that delivers novel, end-to-end quantum-secure data communication solutions. Learn more about Quantropi here. About CANARIEEstablished in 1993, CANARIE is a non-profit corporation created to equip Canadian researchers, students, and startups to excel on the global stage. Learn more about CANARIE here.	<urn:uuid:7dd2a9e3-be9f-4341-ab0d-5c7825f58fcc>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://ilcentrotirreno.it/sito/immediapress/43085-quantropi-makes-history-by-quantum-securely-distributing-true-random-numbers-over-vast-distances-using-existing-network-infrastructure.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.882443	558	1.6875	2
The United States and more than 30 countries have condemned what they call China's "horrific campaign of repression" against its Uyghur Muslims minority in the western region of Xinjiang. - Beijing is alleged to be waging widescale repression of its Uyghur Muslim minority - The US said UN members had a responsibility to speak up about human rights attacks - Muslim governments have been silent over allegations of China's Uyghur mistreatment The move came at an event on the sidelines of the annual United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), which was denounced by China on Tuesday. Deputy Secretary of State John Sullivan said the UN and its member states had "a singular responsibility to speak up when survivor after survivor recounts the horrors of state repression". Mr Sullivan said it was incumbent on member states to ensure the world body was able to closely monitor human rights abuses by China and added that it must seek "immediate, unhindered and unmonitored" access to Xinjiang for the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. He said the event was co-sponsored by Canada, Germany, the Netherlands and Britain, and was joined by more than 30 UN states, representatives of the European Union and more than 20 non-governmental organisations, as well as Uyghur victims. "We invite others to join the international effort to demand and compel an immediate end to China's horrific campaign of repression," he said. "History will judge the international community for how we respond to this attack on human rights and fundamental freedoms." UN human rights chief Michelle Bachelet has repeatedly pushed China to grant the body access to investigate reports of disappearances and arbitrary detentions, particularly of Muslims in Xinjiang. When asked about the US's efforts at the UNGA, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Geng Shuang told reporters in Beijing that Washington should "stop interfering in others' domestic affairs in the name of human rights". "Lately the US, in disregard of China's opposition, has been using religion and human rights as a cover to slander and smear China's Xinjiang policies and interfere in China's internal affairs again and again," Mr Shuang said. "The US chooses not to see China's efforts and progress in counterterrorism and deradicalisation, and not to hear the voice of justice on Xinjiang by relevant countries and individuals." Up to one million detained, millions more monitored While US officials have ramped up criticism of China's measures in Xinjiang, it has refrained from responding with sanctions, amid on-again, off-again talks to resolve a bitter, costly trade war. On Monday, US President Donald Trump called for an end to religious persecution at another event on the sidelines of the UN gathering. He reiterated his comments in a speech to the General Assembly's gathering of world leaders. "Americans will never … tire in our effort to promote freedom of worship and religion. We want and support religious liberty for all," he said. Mr Trump said religious freedom was under growing threat around the world, but fell short of specifically mentioning the Uyghur situation. The UN said at least 1 million ethnic Uyghurs and other Muslims have been detained in what China describes as "vocational training centres" to stamp out extremism and give people new skills. Mr Sullivan said the United States had received "credible reports of deaths, forced labour, torture, and other cruel, inhumane, or degrading treatment" in the camps. He said there were also many reports that the Chinese Government forces detainees to renounce their ethnic identities as well as their culture and religion. In February, the ABC reported that China was closely monitoring around 2.5 million people with a technology known as a "Muslim tracker", after the discovery of an insecure database managed by a company contracted by Chinese police that uses artificial intelligence for facial recognition, crowd analysis and personal verification. Muslim Governmental peak body silent on Uyghurs Washington has criticised other countries, including some Muslim states, for not doing enough or for backing China's approach in Xinjiang. The Organisation for Islamic Cooperation — the inter-governmental peak body for the Muslim world — has been repeatedly criticised for failing to speak up China's alleged human rights abuses against Muslims in Xinjiang. In March, its Council of Foreign Ministers produced a resolution that commended "the efforts of the People's Republic of China in providing care to its Muslim citizens" in spite of mounting evidence of discrimination against China's Uyghur Muslims. This week, its publicly listed meeting agenda items to discuss on the sidelines of the UNGA failed to mention the treatment of Uyghurs, despite its mention of the treatment of Muslims in Myanmar, the Palestinian territories and Indian Kashmir. Rishat Abbas, the brother of Uyghur physician Gulshan Abbas, who was abducted from her home in Urumqi in September 2018, told delegates at the UN event that "millions of Uyghurs were becoming collateral damage to international trade policies". She said this "enabled China to continue to threaten our freedoms around the world, enable it to continue its police state."	<urn:uuid:7bf7e03a-7718-424f-86a1-d64532f1cd6d>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-09-25/us-leads-condemnation-of-chinese-uyghur-treatment-at-un/11546154	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.965791	1,062	2.3125	2
Dr. John Brownstein, chief innovation officer at Boston Children’s Health, discusses the rise in hospitalizations, new reports of long COVID in children and what parents should know. WATCH the ABC News Live Stream Here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_Ma8oQLmSM SUBSCRIBE to ABC NEWS: https://bit.ly/2vZb6yP Watch More on http://abcnews.go.com/ LIKE ABC News on FACEBOOK https://www.facebook.com/abcnews FOLLOW ABC News on TWITTER: https://twitter.com/abc #ABCNews #COVID19 #CDC #Coronavirus	<urn:uuid:f27aa12c-ae7e-43dc-86f9-3641a6e976e9>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://rightwingcountry.com/nationwide-infections-up-22-from-last-week-cdc/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.770892	153	1.546875	2
The book "Better Health with (Mostly) Chinese Herbs and Foods" by one of the leading experts on botanical products in the Western world and an expert in traditional Chinese medicine, Dr Albert Y. Leung. The author explains complexity of the views on the therapeutic use of herbs and compares their effect with the effects of chemical drugs. He points out that a number of mono-constituent chemical substances and substances originally isolated from herbs works different in human body compared with the identical substances contained in the combination of ingredients in natural herbs. The interaction of natural components, which we are often unable to describe despite advanced science, makes the toxic component an effective mixture with significantly weakened adverse effect and tolerance and healing effect. Both, worldwide and local legislation do not create optimal conditions for the introduction of traditional herbs and herbal extracts used as medicine, although the tendency to seek non-toxic drugs is growing significantly. Particularly in the area of the fight against cancer, where the toxicity of the agents used directly threatens the patient's life. Therefore, Dr. Leungs states. That returning to traditional herbs is the optimal way to better health. The perceptive reader will certainly appreciate the author's observations, which also draws attention to certain business practices and abuse of public interest in natural products. Book in Czech language	<urn:uuid:d16826d9-1600-4e36-8552-b4b2b876130c>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.phyto.cz/en/dr-leungs-book	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.93421	265	2.265625	2
Many people take their digestive system for granted, not considering the factors that affect its efficiency until dysfunction arises. Whilst the body will always do its best to digest the food it is given, there are times when extra support and awareness may be needed. To promote a strong, healthy and efficient digestive system, we suggest you incorporate as many of the following points into your routine as possible: . Hydrate your digestive system by drinking at least 1.5 litres of water daily. It is best to drink away from meal times. . Ensure your diet is high in fibre (e.g. vegetables, fruits, legumes and whole grains), as this is essential for maintaining a healthy digestive system. If your body is not used to high fibre foods, introduce them slowly to minimise bloating. . Nourish your body and minimise food sensitivities by including a large variety of foods in your diet. . Avoid the foods to which you know you are sensitive. Common foods that create a reaction include chilli, soy, peanuts, yeast, wheat and fried foods. . Smaller meals eaten regularly throughout the day help to keep your digestive system balanced. . Minimise meats, dairy, alcohol and caffeine, as they place an unnecessary burden on digestion. . Improve digestion by including a range of raw, enzyme rich foods (e.g. papaya, pineapple, kiwi fruit, mango, avocado, fresh dates, raw honey, Green Barley, Powder and Green Power Bars) in your diet. . Reduce bloating and belching by squeezing the juice of half a fresh lemon, and adding it to a little warm water. Drink this 20 minutes before your meal. . Stomach upsets may be settled by drinking ginger, chamomile, fennel or peppermint tea or taking essential oils like Digestzen . Eat dense fruits, such as bananas and melons, away from a meal. . To improve your digestion of proteins, try cooking slowly at low temperatures or marinate with a small piece of fresh papaya or pineapple on top. . Fermenting foods, such as nuts, seeds, grains and legumes, remove digestion-inhibiting enzymes, and is recommended. Method: Cover the food (e.g. dried lentils) with warm water, add a squeeze of fresh lemon juice and cover. Allow this to sit for approximately 6 to 8 hours (overnight is best), rinse thoroughly once cooked to remove starches, which may contribute to bloating. . Proper digestion can only occur when you chew your food thoroughly. . Do not overeat, as it contributes to sluggishness, heartburn, fatigue and weight gain. . Avoid lying down after a meal. . Stop eating at least 2 hours before you go to bed, as this allows your complex digestive processes to function properly without affecting your sleep. . Cleanse your digestive system from parasites at least once a year by using AIM Para90 for two weeks (preferably around the time of the full moon). Your entire body will thank you for it. . Eat your meals in a stress-free environment, preferably with the television turned off. . Limit your food intake when emotionally upset, angry or stressed, as your digestive abilities will be compromised. Cleaning out your colon with a Holistic colon Hydrotherapy session can help with keeping your digestive system healthy. Make a booking today.	<urn:uuid:a0f459af-1300-464e-a2f5-f880121b5af0>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.vitalishealth.com.au/digestion/lifestyle-tips-for-a-healthy-digestive-system/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.942512	708	2.6875	3
The appropriate order management software can play an essential role in increasing the mobility and efficiency of the business. According to data, in the past five years, the demand for an order management solution has significantly increased, nearly double it. Thanks to the modern eCommerce landscape, traditional manual processes are changing. While initially shipping an order would take more than five to six days, it’s being shipped in just two days because of automation. With the changing times, businesses should adapt to the changing technology. Modern technology such as the order management system can help streamline the process. According to Salesforce, due to integration, there has been a 44% increase in B2B buyers globally in 2020 alone. What Is Order Management Software? The primary role of order management applications is to streamline the business process to meet customers’ demands. It follows a very organized manner to ensure the smooth functioning of the business. The order management solutions ensure a faster delivery to the customers. It manages your payment history, orders, inventory, and more. With the help of real-time data tracking, you will be able to manage your entire team, and you will understand if you and your team are on the same page. As a result, it will help you manage your sales from start to end. Benefits Of Order Management Solutions If you haven’t yet implemented an order management system in your business, you should consider doing so. It streamlines your business, but it also helps to provide a great customer experience. Here are some of the common benefits of including order management solutions for your business: 1. Numerous Product Options And Alternatives What would you do when you’re looking for a product and it runs out of stock? You will often search for an alternative. While manually following the process can be time-consuming, the software can ease it. The software will play an important role in increasing sales by providing alternative suggestions to your employees. Furthermore, the order management software will also provide add-on options, ensuring you don’t have to keep the customer waiting. 2. Inventory Management The eCommerce industry has often struggled with inventory management. If your business runs out of inventory, you will not manage the orders. This will eventually bring about customer dissatisfaction. The order management software will play an important role in tracking the inventory. Businesses of all sizes should consider using the software. However, reports suggest that only 43% of small businesses track their inventory using the software. Businesses that sell fast-selling goods will need to keep their inventory stocked. While it will be difficult to keep a track record of it manually, the order management application can help to optimize the process. It will offer constant notifications about the status. Furthermore, if there are slow-moving products, the software will allow you to track the sales monthly or weekly. It will also help you manage the inventory pool management across the distribution centers and stores. 3. Sales Tax Automation Tax calculation can be time-consuming and tricky. Therefore, you must have software that performs all these complex tasks for you. While you focus on other aspects for improving your business, you can rely on the system to do the tax calculations. Furthermore, many order management applications also come with an optional geolocation integration that helps manage the customer tax rates and integrates the sales process. 4. Credit Management You can opt for integrating your order management software with accounting. Therefore, your entire business team can collaborate and maintain real-time sales and balances. The account integration will provide a smooth process for the customer as it helps them view the invoices. Furthermore, it will also track which customer has exceeded the credit limit. As it helps streamline your business activity, you can enhance customer relationships. Businesses can keep their customers from delaying payments and help those with poor credit. 5. Better Control On Data Data control is significant for the smooth functioning of businesses. When your company has a massive influx of data, it is prevalent for you to make mistakes. The order management application helps to reduce the chances of mistakes by offering complete control of data. It will integrate the entire process from order generation to delivery. Since it integrates everything into one place, there will be fewer mistakes. Furthermore, businesses will not have to wait for data to be calculated. Since everything will be stored and integrated into one place, you will have the flexibility to review and amend it. As a result, you will have complete control over the data. According to Bringg, around 57% of customers tend to stay loyal to businesses if they receive same-day delivery. 6. Automated Payment Processing Businesses can’t automate the entire business process because it is time-consuming. However, the right order management software can play an important role in automating the whole business payment process. It will record when the order was placed, when it was shipped, and the progress in the schedule. This will prevent your employees from engaging in tedious tasks. The software will automatically generate the invoice and send it to the customer. With the help of software, businesses and customers will stay on the same page. 7. Returns And Exchanges It is common for you to receive return and exchange requests in an eCommerce business. This may mostly be because of shipping the wrong item, product breaking during the delivery, late delivery, and more. Businesses try their best to reduce the risk of returns and exchanges. Every eCommerce business should provide good after-sales support, which helps them understand customer feedback. While it was efficient for managing the system manually, now you can focus on integrating the entire process. With the help of an order management application, your business can provide exceptional after-sales support. You can provide the flexibility to customers to use the software to initiate the returns by themselves. Furthermore, it will also help you track the refunds of the orders. An order management software can help conduct all the crucial tasks of your business. It will manage the returns and refunds across different channels. This will help ensure that you can offer a better refund and return services. You can add significant value to your business with order management software. Having an order management system integrated into your business will help to increase your sales and provide a delightful experience to the customers. Therefore, if you haven’t got the order management software yet, you should consider getting it.	<urn:uuid:8a39f4af-f2f0-42ca-953b-ee9bd90bd153>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.pepupsales.com/blog/category/order-management-software/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.942826	1,321	1.671875	2
More than a pending testnet – The network Ethereum (ETH) is about to experience a size update by changing the consensus system. Thus, it will make a transition from proof of work to proof of stake. This will be done through a process called “The Merge”. While waiting for its publication on the mainnet, the transition to proof of stake is being actively tested on the various testnets. After Ropsten, it’s the Sepolia testnet which has just passed the proof of stake. The Merge successfully deployed on Sepolia sepolia is one of the Ethereum network testnets. As its nature suggests, this allows updates to be tested before they are released to the mainnet. Since the middle of June, the Sepolia testnet has been preparing for the transition to proof of stake. Indeed, on June 20, the developers deployed a exclusive beacon chain version to the Sepolia network. This was the first step before the deployment of The Merge, the process which aims to merge the 2 layers of Ethereum. On the one hand, there is the consensus layer in proof of stake, namely the beacon chain. On the other, there is the Ethereum application layer as we know it. Finally, on Wednesday July 6, around 4 p.m. (French time), The Merge was deployed on Sepolia. This deployment made it possible to pass the testnet in proof of stake. Obviously, this transition is not trivial. Indeed, the knots of the 2 networks to merge, those of the consensus layer and those of the execution layer, must be perfectly synchronized. Once The Merge is deployed, customers ofexecution layer will aggregate the transactions and communicate them to the consensus layer clients for verification and finalization. >> Your first bitcoins in a few minutes? Sign up on Binance (affiliate link) << Minor issues during deployment The deployment of fusion on Sepolia did not go without a few hiccups. Indeed, just after the transition, 20 to 30% of knots from the beacon chain met offline. Fortunately, this problem had nothing to do with a bug. In fact, it was the deployment of a bad configuration for Lighthouse nodes. The configuration of these nodes was then correctedmaking it possible to solve the problem and find a attendance above 90% network nodes. The proof of stake at your fingertips from Ethereum This success marks one more step before deployment on the mainnet. Indeed, after Ropsten and Sepolia, all that remains is to deploy The Merge on the Goerli testnet before tackling the mainnet. Althoughno official date has not been revealed as to the deployment on the mainnet, the updated version of the official Ethereum site predicts the transition to proof of stake for the third or fourth trimester of the year. In the meantime, the decline in ETH price coupled with a drop in activity has led to a drastic drop in fees on Ethereum. Indeed, transaction fees have returned to a level not seen since 2020. Whether you are a fan of DeFi, Bitcoin or one of the cryptocurrencies that populate the market, it is essential that you have an account on Binance, the major player in the trading ecosystem (affiliate link)	<urn:uuid:12551811-f235-4300-9653-6902f5c16601>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://jarptitsa.com/ethereum-very-close-to-proof-of-stake-the-merge-successfully-deployed-on-sepolia/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.948796	661	1.78125	2
5 Brain Foods With Natural Nootropic Properties Health-conscious consumers often fall victim to a commercially driven mentality that emphasizes pills and “isolates” over whole, nutritious food. Nootropics, for example, which refers to a class of brain-boosting compounds usually taken as supplements, are plentiful in everyday food. If you want to sharpen your cognitive abilities, it’s simply a matter of establishing a well-rounded, targeted diet. So, what are you looking to improve; memory, cognitive performance, clarity, or all of the above? When consumed regularly, the following foods may provide all of the above. Nutritionally dense avocados have grown in popularity as a staple of the keto diet, which has overshadowed their usefulness as a nootropic. In addition to the keto-friendly properties of this versatile food, several brain-boosting benefits are conferred from even small portions. Lutein, a compound that belongs to the carotenoid family, is responsible for these benefits, which include improved cognition speed, learning and memory. Elderly populations especially can benefit from these properties, as they have been indicated by research to fight degenerative processes in the brain. Additionally, avocados can be consumed without heating, which minimizes denaturing of the many health-promoting nutrients in the fruit, like healthy fatty acids and potassium. As a garnish, they can be paired with other “superfoods” to augment the brain-boosting potential. We hear the term “antioxidant”a lot in advertisements for health drinks and other supplements, but many do not know what oxidation is or why it’s bad. Oxidation refers to the stripping of electrons from otherwise healthy cells, and it’s a process that spreads almost like a cancer. Oxidized cells rip electrons from other cells, causing damage that can lead to a host of diseases and disorders. Antioxidants, like those found in blueberries, fight this process. The darker the berry, the stronger the antioxidant content is. A diet rich in blueberries can effectively improve brain health and memory while combating cognitive decline and lowering the risk of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and dementia. Think of it as a shield around your brain. Spinach derives its brain-saving benefits from an ample supply of beta-carotene, vitamin C, and like blueberries, antioxidants. When consumed in their whole form, spinach and other green leafy vegetables provide a cocktail of nutrients that improve blood supply to the brain and slow down cognitive decline associated with age. To strengthen these effects even more without preparing a separate dish, add extra virgin olive oil to your leafy greens. The phenols and healthy fats in EVOO serve to control inflammation in the brain while sharpening cognitive abilities and protecting from memory decline. If you’re more of a meat eater, you can still pair extra virgin olive oil with salmon for a one-two punch of brain nutrition. Wild salmon especially is loaded with the healthy kind of fat, known as omega-3 fatty acids. These fatty acids act as both building and repairing blocks for brain cells. Salmon contains one of the vital types of omega fatty acids known as docosahexaenoic acid, or DHA, which is an essential nutrient for brain development and function. Although the human body can synthesize DHA on its own, it does so insufficiently and so it is important to obtain it from dietary sources. 5. Dark Chocolate To the great surprise of many, certain sweets hold an important place in the world of nootropics. It’s important to note, however, that pure, dark chocolate is required in this case — not sugary “milk chocolate”. Like blueberries and spinach, dark chocolates contain plenty of antioxidants that may protect against dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases. The rich flavonoid content of dark chocolate enhances the brain’s ability to learn and apply new information. Flavonoids also enhance memory, both short-term and long-term recall. After a superfood-rich meal, dark chocolate is the perfect dessert substitute.	<urn:uuid:709a254a-1731-4367-8f24-e5538e90d5c0>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.morris-health.com/brain-foods-with-natural-nootropic-properties/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.900309	1,204	2.5625	3
Those who carry this vision forward and empower these dreams are the past, present, and future city leadership and employees. The vision is embodied by the residents of the city. The way a city works, the way it prioritizes and manages projects and tests new ideas, has a profound impact on all of its “customers”, influencing staff morale and residents’ reactions. Read the story of how innovative non-profit NCARB (The National Council of Architectural Registration Boards) used rapid experimentation to test assumptions and bring a new product to market that delivers real value to their customers. The story of how non-profit SAY San Diego used Lean Innovation to break down organizational silos, improve employee retention, diversify their funding streams and create the systems and process required for vetting and implementing new initiatives without waste. Without having regular customer empathy, companies miss out on collecting valuable insights from the people they are aiming to serve. This is the story of how a Norwegian media group learned to use Lean Innovation to validate new ideas. Discover how Edmunds.com used lean innovation techniques to make their mission a reality in this case study about testing assumptions and bringing a new product to market. The City of Hayward, California wanted to break away from inefficient and ineffective processes for researching and launching programs, and remove organizational bottlenecks that stood in the way of serving citizens. This is their innovation transformation story.	<urn:uuid:f5c4eca7-f6db-4096-b780-0b7aa533f9cc>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://movestheneedle.com/category/case-study/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.918763	287	2.15625	2
Adding Words to Songs Without Them The Lied ohne Worte is a paradox. It is made possible by the fact that wordless instrumental music can nevertheless be recognized as song – as music that suggests both the singing voice and the structure of a poem. And along with that, poetic meaning, even if that meaning cannot be precisely defined. What Felix Mendelssohn wanted to express with his Lieder ohne Worte is, by his own often quoted explanation, ideas that are not too vague or indeterminate to be put into words, but rather too precise. (I put the full quotation in a footnote.) If there is a semblance of paradox in this statement, it is because of the habitual association of ‘vague’ or ‘indeterminate’ with verbal description. But vagueness of description does not imply vagueness of the object described. Most of our everyday experiences cannot be precisely expressed in words. (How exactly do you feel, this very moment?) The more particular the experience, the less verbalizable it is: the use of words inevitably involves abstraction. We don’t have words for everything. If music is called vague or meaningless, the cause is likely to be a narrow, logocentric idea of meaning: meaning must be describable in words. This view is not even adequate for language itself. As Ludwig Wittgenstein (2010: 151) has noted: “Understanding a sentence in language is much more akin to understanding a theme in music than one may think”. The expression with which a sentence is spoken, and the intention we infer, are part of the meaning of that sentence. Similar layers of meaning may be present in musical sentences. The precision Mendelssohn speaks of is, I think, that of a highly particular experience. The music does not describe this experience; it creates it or calls it into being. Like music, poetry is not about experiences; both offer experiences. In the particularity of these experiences poetry and music may compete; and sometimes the text of a song may seem to be an interpretation of the music, rather than the other way round. Songs from the lieder repertoire have been successfully arranged for piano solo; ‘songs without words’ have been composed in close imitation of vocal models; and original instrumental compositions (including Mendelssohn’s Lieder ohne Worte) have been converted into vocal music with text. Generally, these transformations show how closely the instrumental and vocal repertoire are related. There would be little reason to insist on this, had not a strong tradition in musical aesthetics insisted on the ‘purity’ of instrumental music, and the ‘antithetical’ nature of the musical and literary arts (Kivy 2009). In a letter to Mendelssohn his sister Fanny Hensel mentions their own “experiment” of adding text to Felix’ instrumental compositions (Todd 2012: 206). But for Fanny and Felix, this was a childhood joke. Adding words to music is, according to Fanny, as “tasteless” as the contrary practice of converting true lieder into songs without words (as Liszt did at the time). That childish game still exercises irresistible charm; particularly when the effect is parody (here is one of several discussions devoted to the topic). I’ve earlier mentioned the words that Carl Maria von Weber added to Carl Reissiger’s waltz (that has falsely become known as Weber’s Last Musical Thought): Net wahr? Du bist mein Schatzerl? (Ain’t it true? You are my sweetheart?). The G major theme of Schubert’s Unvollendete has by a long tradition become associated with the words Frieda, Wo kommste her, Wo gehste hin, Wann kommste wieda? (Frieda, when will you come? When will you go? When will you come back?). Such textings may be insidiously memorable, particularly when they are successful in bringing out the prosodic, speech-like features of the melody itself. Translating the Untranslatable We cannot translate music into words, nor fully describe it. But we can often more or less successfully give an indication of its meaning. Crucial is the more or less: ‘more’ implies that we are getting closer to whatever the musical meaning may be. In the early nineteenth century, the music theorist Jérôme-Joseph de Momigny has made an attempt to interpret the first movement of Mozart’s D minor Quartet K421 as a dramatic monologue (Dido’s lament). His purpose was to disprove the alleged vagueness of music: Many people think that the language of Orpheus is a vague idiom, and that music is like the clouds, which may resemble anything one chooses. If that were true, why should we shed tears at one moment, shudder at the next? (Momigny 1806: 380; my transl.). We may find his attempt not quite successful, for various reasons. But it cannot be dismissed as pointless. The usefulness of such an experiment is found in the process of approximation of the meaning sensed, not in deciphering a message. But for this process we need options of comparison. Here is the beginning of Mendelssohn’s Lied ohne Worte op. 62, nr. 1, with two new texts that might be sung to it. No Sir, I will not yield to your advances Never could I do such a shameful thing. Dearest, why are your eyes so full of sadness? Darling! What is the meaning of those tears? I think your preference will be predictable. The experiment will get more interesting when we ask: why is the one we prefer better, and what is needed to improve it further? And should it be in German? Apart from the question of formal features (such as syntax, metre, accent), there is the nature of the speech act and the context it implies. What kind of character is speaking? What is the intention, situation, interaction? All of this, we instinctively feel, may match or not match the musical expression in various degrees – meaning that all of this is implied in the music’s own musical particularity. Whenever music has poetic or speech-like characteristics, it has meaning as a particular act of speech. There is so much talk about music, and so little is said. I believe that words are inadequate for that purpose, and if I thought otherwise, I would stop making music altogether. People usually complain that music is ambiguous; it leaves unclear what they are supposed to think of, whereas words are understood by everyone. But for me it is precisely the reverse. […] What to me is expressed by music that I love are thoughts not too indeterminate to be put into words, but rather too determinate. If you ask me what I had in mind, I will say: the song, just as it stands. And if I had thought of some specific words for one or another of these songs, I would never communicate them to anyone, because a word does not mean the same thing to different people, because only the song can say the same thing, can arouse the same feelings in different persons, — a feeling that cannot be expressed through the same words. (Mendelssohn 2015, p. 74; my transl.) Postscript (January 15, 2021). In February 1838 the poet, folksong collector and music critic A.W.F. von Zuccalmaglio sent Mendelssohn texts to some of his Lieder ohne Worte: … the songs (without text) sound as if they wanted to whisper the words into your ears; as it happens with the sounds of nature, one may try to comprehend it and write it down, without quite finding the right thing. Politely, the composer replied: When one discovers that thoughts that were believed to be private (die man so blos für sich allein zu haben meinte), may be so lovingly understood und pronounced in such new and beautiful ways, surprise is mixed with intense pleasure (solch ein wohliges Gefühl), and the fondness one feels for the new ideas comes to include the old ones. (Mendelssohn-Bartholdy 2012 p. 78, 518; my transl.) The implication – that the Lieder ohne Worte contain the composer’s intimate thoughts – should no doubt not be taken too seriously. Earlier, in January 1833, he had encouraged the Munich poetess Josephine von Miller to find her own words for a Lied ohne Worte he had presented her with – “that is the main thing […], that everyone supplies his own words and interpretation”. He admitted that he did so for himself too, adding words here and there. He even allowed for the possibility that the song might be misunderstood, and replaced by another one “that would express its mood more clearly” (Mendelssohn-Bartholdy 2010 , 114; cf. Cooper 1998). Cooper, John Michael. 1998. “Words without Songs?: Of Texts, Titles, and Mendelssohn’s ‘Lieder Ohne Worte.’” In Musik Als Text Bd. 2. Kassel: Bärenreiter. Kivy, Peter. 2009. Antithetical Arts: On the Ancient Quarrel between Literature and Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix. 2010. Sämtliche Briefe. Bd. 3. Kassel: Bärenreiter ———. 2012. Sämtliche Briefe. Bd. 6. Kassel: Bärenreiter ———. 2015. Sämtliche Briefe. Bd. 9. Kassel: Bärenreiter Momigny, Jérôme-Joseph de. 1806. Cours complet d’harmonie et de composition. Vol. 1. Paris: l’Auteur. Todd, R. Larry. 2012. “Mendelssohn’s Lieder ohne Worte and the Limits of Musical Expression.” In Nicole Grimes and Angela Mace (eds). Mendelssohn Perspectives. Farnham: Ashgate. 197-222. Wittgenstein, Ludwig. 2009. Philosophical Investigations. Translated by G. E. M. Anscombe, P.M.S. Hacker, and Joachim Schulte. 4th ed. Blackwell.	<urn:uuid:9604a51a-949c-4e51-a7df-b2a435316b85>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://lodewijkmuns.nl/tag/parody/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz	en	0.92762	2,283	3.046875	3
Imran Khan’s ‘trees give oxygen at night’ comment sets Twitter abuzz Pakistan’s Prime Minister Imran Khan, while giving a speech, claimed that trees produce oxygen at night and the comment has sparked all sorts of reactions on Twitter. He said it when he was reportedly addressing a programme on the importance of planting trees. “Darakht hawan ko saaf karte hai, oxygen dete hain raat ko (trees purify air, produce oxygen at night),” Imran Khan is heard saying in the 15-second-long video which captures a part of the speech. The clip was shared by several people on Twitter. Here’s one such post shared on Twitter by Naila Inayat, a user of the micro-blogging site. Tweeple were quick to react to the comment. Several people took to the micro-blogging site to state that most trees emit carbon dioxide (CO2) at night and produce oxygen during day. Some, however, wrote that there are a few kinds of trees which release oxygen at night. Some plants have the ability to perform a type of photosynthesis called Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM). In this, the plants can uptake carbon dioxide at night. One of the common example is Aloe Vera. Earlier, a tweet by Pakistan’s Prime Minister Imran Khan created quite a stir online too. His tweet was on United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) meet in Geneva which took place in September.	<urn:uuid:14314ec5-2f36-4ba8-9bbc-5e66341671b6>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.hindustantimes.com/it-s-viral/imran-khan-s-trees-give-oxygen-at-night-comment-sets-twitter-abuzz/story-FKULupVnkMaVhU6XdqnQ3M.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz	en	0.96768	323	2.25	2
Floor Lamps Nz Skylights cut back the necessity for synthetic light which not only costs cash however can be harmful to our environment. Using pure gentle, as a substitute, may also help you preserve vitality and reduces its costs. This additional cuts down on the demand for unsustainable power, thereby contributing to our environment. Contrary to the artificial light, the solar offers an infinite quantity of power which you could consume for uncountable years. Moreover, photo voltaic energy doesn't emit anything that's harmful to our environment. Fortunately, Panoroof skylight suppliers in the UK, offer quality glazing merchandise that allow you to cut down on electric energy at the perfect charges.	<urn:uuid:3750600a-d4e3-49bd-827a-2c79208eb401>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://brestdaily.info/single/floor-lamps-nz	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz	en	0.941765	141	1.71875	2
Yes or no? Quick - answer this question: Do you like pancakes? How many of you said "yes?" How many said "no?" How many said "it depends on who made them, how they're made, what they're served with and if it's real maple syrup or not?" People have a hard time answering "yes" or "no" to yes-or-no questions. I'm the first to admit that I can't answer that question without starting my answer with "it depends on..." Businesses are no different. They may have legal status that allows them to act and behave as individuals, but businesses are run by people. And people have a hard time saying "yes" or "no" to "yes or no" questions. Being able to say yes or no is a skill shared by successful business leaders. So let's practice answering yes or no questions for a minute. - Does your business have a disaster recovery plan? Do you think it needs one? - Do you know how much revenue your business will make in the first quarter of 2013? How about the second quarter? How about all of 2013? - Can your business survive 2014 if your 2013 revenue is 25% less than your projections? 50% less? Can you do anything about this now? - Do your employees know what the financial state of your company is? Do they know your margins? Do you think they should? - Have you updated your business plan in the last 12 months? Do you even have a business plan? Do you need one? These are all yes or no questions. Most people, despite their best intentions, will answer at least some of these with more than a "yes" or "no" answer. Keep asking yourself questions that start with "can I" or "do I" and see if you can answer them with one of two words: yes or no. This is why it's called practice . When you finally are able to answer with yes or no, write your answer down. In a few weeks, start practicing another skill that the successful business leader has: examining past decisions to see if they are still in the best interests of the company. Take a look at your answers and ask yourself "is this still the right answer?" Saying yes or no is half the battle. The other half is knowing when the answer no longer applies. Subscribe to this blog	<urn:uuid:0ca0e9db-d26e-4b69-b0ee-42deec99b363>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/money/business/blogs/innovation/2013/03/18/eric-loyd-yes-or-no/2199163/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz	en	0.971823	498	1.960938	2
Electrical Stimulation: ESTIM sends mild electrical pulses through the skin to stimulate injured muscles or reduce pain signals from nerves. It can target muscles to make them contract, improving blood flow and helping repair the injured muscles. ESTIM can also send signals that reach the nerves, blocking pain receptors from being sent to the brain. 15 Minute Cupping Therapy: Cupping increases blood circulation to the area where the cups are placed. This helps relieve muscle tension, which can improve overall blood flow and promote cellular repair. It may also help form new connective tissues and create new vascular tissue. Fascial Movement Taping (KT): When an area of the body is injured, lymphatic fluid builds up causing inflammation and swelling. This increased pressure can create significant discomfort or pain. When applied correctly kinesiology tape lifts the skin and decompresses layers of fascia, allowing for greater movement of lymphatic fluid, white blood cells, waste products and cellular debris. Ear Candling: Ear candles are hollow cones made of fabric covered in paraffin wax, beeswax, or soy wax. The pointed end of the candle is placed in your ear, while the slightly wider end is lit. The warmth created by the flame draws earwax and other impurities out of the ear canal and into the hollow candle.	<urn:uuid:19e3dc04-14e6-498a-9a01-39a0be9557b5>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://drandreastephens.com/services/massage-therapy/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.904417	267	2.546875	3
U.S. Supreme Court's Water War Ruling Means 'Florida Lives To Fight Another Day' The U.S. Supreme Court’s recent decision to keep a decades long legal fight over water use alive is boosting hopes in North Florida. The state and its northern neighbor Georgia have been locked in a three-decade long fight over how much water each should get from a shared system. The system is the Apalachicola-Flint and Chattahoochee Rivers. On a map, they resemble a “Y”. The Flint starts in Alabama, the Chattahoochee originates in Georgia, and they meet near the Florida-Georgia border and become the Apalachicola which feeds the Apalachicola Bay. And at one point that bay supplied a big part of the nation. "We used to send three trucks out a week full of Apalachicola oysters," TJ Ward recalls. " Now we can't even hardly fill a pallet of oysters out a week. That's just crazy. I never would have thought five years ago, 10 years ago even, that we'd be where we are now.” Ward's family runs 13 Mile seafood in Apalachicola and they've been in business for decades, farming Apalachicola Bay shrimp and oysters, redfish, and grouper. The bay thrives on seasonal flooding in the river, which brings vital nutrients downstream. But drought has crippled the ecosystem. High salinity and nutrient levels and overharvesting haven’t helped either—former Apalachicola Riverkeeper Dan Tonsmiere says all that is due to low water flow upstream. “So the question about whether the bay will come back—there’s no question that we have crossed some sort of threshold that will take some time.” The water flow issues are what have consumed Florida and Georgia and to an extent Alabama. The three sides have fought over this for more than 30 years. In 2013 Florida sued Georgia and took the case to the U.S. Supreme Court. Georgia says it needs more water for its growing population and agriculture while Florida says Georgia is taking too much—causing harm to Apalachicola Bay’s ecology and the economy that depends on it. Last year a special master appointed by the high court to hear arguments ruled the lawsuit should be dismissed. He said Florida hadn’t proved increase water flow could reverse more than a decade of declining bay health. Tonsmire argues that conclusion was wrong. "The way I approach those kind of statements is, ‘prove that it won’t, versus making us prove that it will," he says. The U.S. Supreme Court appeared to agree recently when it decided to give Florida a second shot at making its case. The court is sending the case back to the Special Master for further review. "Florida lives to fight another day and the Apalachicola is down but not out," says National Wildlife Federation spokeswoman Tanya Galloni. The ruling also comes a week after a wildfire dealt yet another blow to Apalachicola. A wildfire in nearby Eastpoint destroyed three dozen homes, and burned up boats used by local fishermen who make their living from the bay.	<urn:uuid:59803cf6-0528-434d-a4b0-528072a9c707>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://news.wfsu.org/wfsu-local-news/2018-06-29/u-s-supreme-courts-water-war-ruling-means-florida-lives-to-fight-another-day	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.953834	676	2.625	3
I am SO bipolar. Everyone messes up basic mental health terminology. Why is this important? Well, I feel that using the terms in casual way only serves to further trivialize and stigmatize mental health disorders and people who suffer from them and impedes the education of others about appropriate mental health terminology. It trivializes the disease and those suffering from it to use these terms incorrectly. With that being said, here are a few common mistakes: I am so OCD. Usually said in reference to being a “neat freak” or being really particular about the way you want something to be, such as wanting your desk or room organized a certain, specific way, color coding your closet, or alphabetizing your music collection. This is not OCD It’s actually closer to OCPD (Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder), but it’s not really that either. OCD is when you have an obsession (i.e. “There are germs on my hands, I have to wash them off”) and a compulsion (washing hands repeatedly) and act on these obsessions and compulsions repeatedly to the point that it interferes greatly with your life. Like, you can’t function at work because you’re too busy washing your hands all day. Common variations of OCD include washing, counting (even/odd numbers, stairs, switches, etc), and checking behaviors (have to check all the locks in the house 5 times, every time). Being really neat or particular is closer to OCPD. OCPD is a “personality disorder” (terrible name, but that’s a different blog) in which people are SO particularly about the way something is that it interferes with their life. For example, someone spends so much time formatting a spreadsheet so the columns are exactly the right width and color that they never finish it and their boss gets mad. Repeatedly, so they get fired. Or someone is SO particular about the way their things are that they can’t keep friends or relationships because they’re constantly yelling at people for messing up their stuff. If it’s not interfering with your life, it’s not OCD or OCPD. Lots of people do little things that are OCD or OCPD-like. I used to alphabetize my CD’s (when CD’s were a thing). Not OCPD, but maybe an OCPD trait. I tend to keep my thermostat set on even numbers. Not OCD, but maybe an OCD-like behavior. No big deal. Unless it takes over your life or causes you problems. OMG, I am so bipolar! “Bipolar” does not mean mood swings. Say it again with me. “Bipolar” does not mean mood swings. Well, it kind of does, but not the kind of mood swings people usually talk about when they talk about bipolar disorder. What people generally mean when they say they’re “so bipolar” is that they get angry often and/or easily. But that’s not bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is a biologic mood disorder in which a person has experienced at least one manic episode at some point in their life. What’s a manic episode? Remember Charlie Sheen when he was “winning” (video) I don’t know if Mr. Sheen was having a manic episode, or if he was on drugs, or was “acting” or doing a publicity stunt, but regardless, that is similar to what a manic episode LOOKS like. The person is very elevated, on top of the world, not needing to sleep, grandiose (I’m winning, I have tiger blood, etc), talking really fast or not letting other people get a word in edgewise, compared to their usual way of talking…and all of this goes on for at least 7 DAYS straight (often longer without treatment) and represents a marked change from their usual behavior. The bipolar part comes from the fact that they have some of these “up” episodes, then they’ll have horrible depressive episodes. The textbook case is a manic episode, then a depressive episode 6 months later. The “rapid cycling” variant means 4 mood episodes in a year, not many episodes a week or a day. (Note: there is some professional debate about whether other “types” of bipolar might exist that last less than the 4 days required for Bipolar Type 2, but there is no official DSM diagnosis for manic episodes lasting less than 4 days.) Anyways, I hope that next time you start to say you’re “so OCD” or “bipolar”, (at least without an accurate doctor’s diagnosis), that you will pause to consider using different terms and perhaps take a minute to educate those around you about the real diseases and terminology. Let’s stop mistaking OCD for OCPD, Anger for Bipolar Disorder, and move towards a society that is educated and compassionate about mental illness.	<urn:uuid:1c5ff81d-aae9-4773-9157-2185ec3d5d0c>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://treehousechildpsychiatry.com/category/psychiatry/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.954191	1,067	2.171875	2
COVID-19 leaves few lives and places untouched. But its impact is harshest for those groups who were already in vulnerable situations before the crisis. This is particularly true for many people on the move, such as migrants in irregular situations, migrant workers with precarious livelihoods, or working in the informal economy, victims of trafficking in persons as well as people fleeing their homes because of persecution, war, violence, human rights violations or disaster, whether within their own countries — internally displaced persons (IDPs) — or across international borders — refugees and asylum-seekers. The disproportionate impact of the COVID19 pandemic on people on the move presents itself as three interlocking crises, exacerbating existing vulnerabilities • First, a health crisis as people on the move find themselves exposed to the virus with limited tools to protect themselves. In addition to their often poor or crowded living or working conditions, many people on the move have compromised access to health services due to legal, language, cultural or other barriers. Particularly impacted are those migrants and refugees who are undocumented and who may face detention and deportation if reported to immigration authorities. Many people on the move also lack access to other basic services – such as water and sanitation or nutrition – and those in fragile, disaster-prone and conflict-affected countries are facing higher risks owing to weak health systems, which is compounded by travel restrictions constraining delivery of lifesaving humanitarian assistance. • Second, a socio-economic crisis impacting people on the move with precarious livelihoods, particularly those working in the informal economy with no or limited access to social protection measures. The crisis has also exacerbated the already fragile situation of women and girls on the move, who face higher risks of exposure to gender-based violence, abuse and exploitation, and have difficulty accessing protection and response services. Meanwhile, loss of employment and wages as a result of COVID-19 is leading to a decline in migrant remittances, with devastating effects for the 800 million people relying on them. • Third, a protection crisis as border closures and other movement restrictions to curb the spread of COVID-19 have a severe impact on the rights of many people on the move who may find themselves trapped in deeply dangerous situations. Asylum-seekers may find themselves unable to cross international borders to seek protection and some refugees may be sent back to danger and persecution in their country of origin. In other instances, migrants may be forcibly returned to their home countries with fragile health systems, which are ill-prepared to receive them safely, while returning IDPs may face a similar predicament in their home localities. Aditionally fear of COVID-19 is exacerbating already high levels of xenophobia, racism and stigmatization and has even given rise to attacks against refugees and migrants. In the long-run there is a risk that COVID-19 may entrench restrictions on international movement and the curtailment of rights of people on the move.	<urn:uuid:2b63c6c8-e9c0-41d0-933d-938f3cfa2a0c>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.unwomen.se/policy-brief-covid-19-and-people-on-the-move/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.957763	589	3.09375	3
PLEASE SEPARATE EACH DISCUSSION POST New Product Development - Think of a new product you recently purchased or used, or an ad for a new product. - Share with the class this new product idea; in addition to describing this new item indicate whether this new product is either additions to existing product lines or improvements or revisions of existing products. - Do you believe your new product will be among the few new product ideas that are truly successful? - Why or why not? Suggestion: if you can find a link to your product online, include the link in your response so your classmates can view the product you are reviewing. Virtual Field Trip – Career Choice Embark on a virtual field trip. Researching online, explore different career fields that interest you. Share with your classmates which career field or fields you found most interesting. Why do you find it interesting? What is the salary range and average income for people working in that field? What level of education is required to work in that career field? How do your findings affect your career, educational, and financial plans	<urn:uuid:2e604d2b-0bba-4fb0-9cf3-dda4456fe134>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://nursingresearchwriters.net/complete-two-marketing-and-business-discussion-post-no-plagiarism/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.934713	225	2.5625	3
On November 27, QS released the QS University Rankings of Asia, 2020, and the GDUFS successfully entered the top 500 in Asia for the first time. The list shows that a total of 557 universities from different Asian countries and regions are on the list. And there are 165 universities from China stepping into the top 500 in Asia, making China the country with the largest number of ranked universities. Others include India(101), Japan(87) and South Korea(71). Among them, 118 in mainland China (6 newly ranked universities: Nanjing University of Technology, Shanghai University of Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guizhou University, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University), 8 in Hong Kong, China (Top 3 universities in Hong Kong, China has retrogressed this year), 37 in Taiwan, China (20 in Taiwan University, 2 improved), and 2 in Macau, China (93 in Macau, 5 improved). It is reported that there are 11 indicators in the index system of the QS Asian University Rankings. The ranking data includes the world’s largest academic peer review and survey of top employers, taking into account the opinions of 94672 top academic experts and 44884 employers worldwide.	<urn:uuid:b266f6f9-43bf-48b9-9d09-15110192220a>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://english.gdufs.edu.cn/info/1023/1803.htm	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz	en	0.882773	261	1.703125	2
IIPC Canada is a Da’wah organization whose main aim and objective is to promote Al-Qur’an, the Book of Allah. This should also be the main aim and objective of every Muslim, however, the majority of us end up pursuing worldly objectives, totally unaware of the teachings of the Quran (which is meant to bring peace and harmony in our lives), and unfortunately, the Quran is left behind our backs (i.e. put low in our priority list). IIPC Canada has taken upon this mantle and made this our first priority. Additionally, our organization is focused on promoting the true essence of the message of Allah by promoting the works of notable speakers and preachers with the same focus. This site serves as a call to action for all the Muslims who are ready to connect with the message of Allah and who realize that the Quran is not just a nice book to have, but it is a must to understand it and practice its teachings for our own benefit. We invite everyone to join us and help us reach our goals The main goals of the International Islamic Propagation Center are as follows: To remove the illiteracy of the Quran To present the Quran for what it is, i.e. the most interesting and relevant Book of all times. To raise a Quranic generation, and through them reach out to future generations. To present it as a proclamation to Humanity. Highlight it as a fountain of Mercy and wisdom, a warning to the heedless, a Guide to the astray, an assurance to the doubtful, a solace to those suffering, and a hope to those in despair. Our mission also includes inviting people to fulfill the rights of the Quran, i.e. to believe in it, recite it, understand it, ponder upon it, practice it, spread it, and memorize it as much as possible. Our methodology is to instruct (in a practical way) on how to recite, understand and interact with the Quran, no matter if you are old or young and no matter what background you come from. Help us bring this Ummah back to the Quran, the true and ultimate solution.	<urn:uuid:e9340761-298b-4ea6-a240-27e80e2211d5>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://muslimlink.ca/directory/hamilton/muslim-services/organizations/6016-iipc-canada?city=hamilton	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.949446	444	1.640625	2
Every morning I like to sift through facebook (my newest addiction) and get the latest scoop on my friends and family without having to make a single phone call. So anyways my friend E had posted a link on his page about rain barrels and permeable pavement (click here for the article) (if you are interested in purchasing a rain barrel system then click here). Having permeable paving is a great way to reduce runoff in to the storm drain and it is much less expensive than traditional paving methods. You can use decomposed granite or gravel as a permeable paving surface with lots of color options. What this does is allow for water to seep through the surface and thus eliminating runoff. If you think that this was your only option then think again. There are other types such as permeable concrete. You could even go one step further and use brick or slate etc. to create a permeable surface. As you can see in the picture to the left (my clients side yard in Costa Mesa, CA, more pics to follow) there was a lot of used brick used but rather than using a concrete base, we used a sand base above a layer of landscape fabric and grouted it with sand thus creating permeable seams. If you don't like brick then use slate or whatever material suits your fancy. You have unlimited options to choose from. This same client of mine had a bunch of concrete pavers in the side yard that we moved to the back yard. In between the pavers we will plant some California native groundcovers and California native grasses. Bear in mind that a permeable paving surface is not recommended for driveways, because the extreme weight of motor vehicles will cause the sand to sink thus causing a highly uneven surface. Note: the garden picture above is from the Indah Bulan website.	<urn:uuid:94b30efc-4ea1-4832-9b92-60fd483d0642>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	http://earthfriendlylandscapes.blogspot.com/2010/01/permeable-debate.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00264.warc.gz	en	0.949851	369	1.53125	2
ST. BONIFACIUS, Minn. (FOX 9) - For a decade, Bill Ewald has put his life on the line as a volunteer firefighter for St. Bonifacius Fire Department. But now he is facing his biggest battle yet. "It was a shock. Now I've embraced it," said Ewald. Ewald says he started losing weight and having to urinate more frequently after the beginning of the year. It wasn't until friends and family convinced him to get checked out by a doctor that he was eventually diagnosed with prostate cancer. "Denial. Denial. But when reality set in that it was cancer, that's when it really hurt," said Ewald. Studies show 68 percent of firefighters will be diagnosed with cancer, compared to 22 percent of the general population. Firefighting advocates believe firefighters are exposed to toxins in smoke, which are then absorbed through their skin despite their protective gear. St. Bonifacius firefighter Bill Ewald (FOX 9) Last year, the state legislature approved funding for the Hometown Heroes Assistance Program, which provides a $20,000 payout to firefighters diagnosed with cancer, cardiac, and other critical illnesses to offset expenses caused by their care. It also provides counseling for firefighters and their families and ongoing training about the health risks that come with the profession. "I think it's important for firefighters to understand they are at greater risk. There are things they can do to mitigate those risks and minimize the potential of succumbing to cancer or cardiac or emotional trauma," said Wayne Kewitsch, Executive Director of the Minnesota Firefighters Initiative, a non-profit that advocates for firefighter health. Ewald will have surgery next month to remove his prostate, and hopefully the cancer along with it. But he wants other firefighters to get a PSA blood test to see if they have prostate cancer before it's too late. "It's unfortunate, but it's going to have a happy ending. I'm confident it was caught in time. I believe it's something that needs to have more attention paid to so it can be prevented in other firefighters," said Ewald.	<urn:uuid:b1b73670-ad58-48c2-be9c-28d8afd73c7e>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.fox9.com/news/st-bonifacius-firefighter-faces-toughest-battle-yet-cancer	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.983248	441	2.0625	2
- Open Access Improved growth rate in Clostridium thermocellum hydrogenase mutant via perturbed sulfur metabolism Biotechnology for Biofuels volume 10, Article number: 6 (2017) Metabolic engineering is a commonly used approach to develop organisms for an industrial function, but engineering aimed at improving one phenotype can negatively impact other phenotypes. This lack of robustness can prove problematic. Cellulolytic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum is able to rapidly ferment cellulose to ethanol and other products. Recently, genes involved in H2 production, including the hydrogenase maturase hydG and NiFe hydrogenase ech, were deleted from the chromosome of C. thermocellum. While ethanol yield increased, the growth rate of ΔhydG decreased substantially compared to wild type. Addition of 5 mM acetate to the growth medium improved the growth rate in C. thermocellum ∆hydG, whereas wild type remained unaffected. Transcriptomic analysis of the wild type showed essentially no response to the addition of acetate. However, in C. thermocellum ΔhydG, 204 and 56 genes were significantly differentially regulated relative to wild type in the absence and presence of acetate, respectively. Genes, Clo1313_0108-0125, which are predicted to encode a sulfate transport system and sulfate assimilatory pathway, were drastically upregulated in C. thermocellum ΔhydG in the presence of added acetate. A similar pattern was seen with proteomics. Further physiological characterization demonstrated an increase in sulfide synthesis and elimination of cysteine consumption in C. thermocellum ΔhydG. Clostridium thermocellum ΔhydGΔech had a higher growth rate than ΔhydG in the absence of added acetate, and a similar but less pronounced transcriptional and physiological effect was seen in this strain upon addition of acetate. Sulfur metabolism is perturbed in C. thermocellum ΔhydG strains, likely to increase flux through sulfate reduction to act either as an electron sink to balance redox reactions or to offset an unknown deficiency in sulfur assimilation. Microbial conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuels, chemicals, and products holds promise as a sustainable approach to replacing ones derived from petroleum. While no known organism is capable of producing cellulosic biofuels at high yield and titer, metabolic engineering has the potential to create biocatalysts capable of economic production of biofuels. However, engineered organisms often have growth defects, and this lack of robustness would prevent industrial deployment. Clostridium thermocellum is a thermophilic, cellulolytic bacterium that has the potential to perform one-step hydrolysis and fermentation of plant biomass without added enzymes by a process called consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) . However, wild-type C. thermocellum is limited by its low ethanol yield and titer, producing acetate, lactate, H2, formate, free amino acids, and other compounds as additional fermentation products [2, 3]. Recent development of genetic tools for C. thermocellum [4–9] has enabled the construction of numerous targeted mutants, eliminating acetate, lactate, formate, and H2 production [4, 7, 10–14]. One of the mutations, C. thermocellum ΔhydG, eliminated a hydrogenase maturase protein involved in assembly of the [FeFe]-active site of three of the four hydrogenases in C. thermocellum. This deletion resulted in decreased H2 production and increased ethanol yield, but also a diminished growth rate. Further deletion of the [NiFe] hydrogenase Ech completely abolished H2 production . Because blocking H2 production alters electron flux, it is possible that this mutation causes a redox imbalance, which could also explain the slower growth. Further supporting this hypothesis, the ∆hydG mutant acquired a point mutation in the bifunctional aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase (adhE). This mutation expanded the substrate specificity to include not only NADH as an electron donor, but also NADPH , which could partially alleviate redox problems by giving the cell more pathways to balance redox reactions. Understanding additional mechanisms used by C. thermocellum to balance redox reactions will be important for future metabolic engineering efforts. Here, we found that the addition of acetate to the culture medium increased the growth rate of C. thermocellum ΔhydG. We, therefore, utilized a combination of transcriptomics, proteomics, and physiological characterization to better understand this phenomenon. Strains and culture conditions Clostridium thermocellum DSM1313 and mutant strains C. thermocellum Δhpt ΔhydG (referred to as ΔhydG) and C. thermocellum Δhpt ΔhydG Δech (referred to as ΔhydG Δech) were grown in CTFUD medium and MTC minimal medium prepared as described in . CTFUD medium composition was (L−1): 3 g sodium citrate tribasic dehydrate, 1.3 g ammonium sulfate, 1.43 g potassium phosphate monobasic, 1.8 g potassium phosphate dibasic trihydrate, 0.5 g cysteine-HCl, 10.5 g 3-morpholino-propane-1-sulfonic acid (MOPS), 6 g glycerol-2-phosphate disodium, 5 g cellobiose, 4.5 g yeast extract, 0.13 g calcium chloride dehydrate, 2.6 g magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.0011 g ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and 0.0001 g resazurin, adjusted to pH 7.0. MTC medium consisted of (L−1): 2 g sodium citrate dehydrate, 1.25 g citric acid monohydrate, 1 g sodium sulfate, 1 g potassium phosphate dibasic trihydrate, 2.5 g sodium bicarbonate, 1.5 g ammonium chloride, 2 g urea, 1 g magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 0.2 g calcium chloride dehydrate, 0.1 g ferrous chloride tetrahydrate, 1 g l-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate, 5 g cellobiose, 0.001 g resazurin, 5 g MOPS, 20 mg pyridoxamine dihydrochloride, 1 mg riboflavin, 1 mg nicotinamide, 0.5 mg DL-thioctic acid, 4 mg 4-amino benzoic acid, 4 mg D-biotin, 0.025 mg folic acid, 2 mg cyanocobalamin, 4 mg thiamine hydrochloride, 0.5 mg MnCl2·4H2O, 0.5 mg CoCl2·6H2O, 0.2 mg ZnSO4·7H2O, 0.05 mg CuSO4·5H2O, 0.05 mg HBO3, 0.05 mg Na2MoO4·2H2O, and 0.05 mg NiCl2·6H2O. Genome resequencing was performed by the Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI, Walnut Creek, CA) using an Illumina MiSeq instrument. Genomic DNA was extracted using a Qiagen DNeasy kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA), was sheared to 500 bp fragments using the Covaris LE220 ultrasonicator (Covaris), and size selected using AMPure XP SPRI beads (Beckman Coulter). The fragments were treated with end-repair, A-tailing, and ligation of Illumina compatible adapters (IDT, Inc) using the KAPA-Illumina library creation kit (KAPA Biosystems). The prepared libraries were quantified using KAPA Biosystem’s next-generation sequencing library qPCR kit and run on a Roche LightCycler 480 real-time PCR instrument. The quantified multiplexed libraries were pooled in sets of 10, and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq sequencer using an indexed PE150 protocol with MiSeq V2 chemistry. Resequencing data analysis was performed using QIAGEN Bioinformatics CLC Genomics Workbench (http://www.qiagenbioinformatics.com/products/clc-genomics-workbench), which incorporates a comprehensive set of analysis tools for Next-Generation Sequencing data. Paired-end reads were mapped to the reference genome [Genbank: CP002416] using the built-in Map Reads to Reference Tool. Further refinement of the reads mapping was performed by the Local Realignment Tool, which attempts to re-align each mapped read by exploiting the alignment information of other mapped reads. Realignment typically occurs in areas around insertions and deletions in the sample reads relative to the reference, resulting in more accurate mapping. Mapped reads were next analyzed by the built-in tools Basic Variant Detection Tool for putative SNV and MNV detection, and InDels and Structural Variants Tool for detection of putative structural variants. Variants occurring in <90% of the reads and variants that were identical to those of the parent Δhpt strain (e.g., due to errors in the reference sequence or mutations present at the beginning of strain construction) were filtered out. Raw data are available from the JGI Sequence Read Archive (JGI Project Id: 1053867 and 1053888). The inoculum for batch fermentation was prepared by growing the mutants in MTC medium overnight at 55 °C in an anaerobic chamber (COY Laboratory Products, Grass Lake, MI). The fermentation was carbon limited and carried out in 27 mL Balch tubes with 10 mL of MTC medium containing 5 g L−1 of cellobiose as the carbon source, supplemented with 5 mM sodium acetate where noted, under a N2 headspace sealed with butyl rubber stoppers. The tubes were inoculated with 0.5% v/v culture and incubated at 55 °C. The fermentation products were determined after 53 h of growth. Final cellobiose concentration was usually <0.5 mM, suggesting that fermentation activity was complete. Fermentations were performed at least two times with three independent biological replicates each. The “No Acetate” data were previously reported , which were generated simultaneously with the “Added Acetate” data reported here. Fermentation products, including ethanol, acetate, lactate, and formate, were analyzed on Breeze 2 High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph system (Waters Corp, Milford, MA) using an Aminex-HPX-87H column with a 5 mM sulfuric acid mobile phase. Sulfide was measured using an Orion silver ion selective electrode (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) as previously described . H2 was measured using a 6850 Series II Gas Chromatograph (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA) using a thermal conductivity detector at 190 °C with a N2 reference flow and a Carboxen 1010 PLOT (30.0 m × 530 µm I.D.; model Supelco 25467) column. The cells were grown to an OD of 0.3–0.4 in CTFUD medium, centrifuged at 4 °C for 5 min, and immediately flash frozen in liquid N2. Pelleted cells were resuspended in 1.5 mL of TRIzol (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Glass beads (0.8 g of 0.1 mm glass beads; BioSpec Products, Bartlesville, OK) were added to the cell suspension and lysed with 3 × 20 s bead beating treatments at 6500 rpm in a Precellys 24 high-throughput tissue homogenizer (Bertin Technologies, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France). Total RNA was purified using an RNeasy kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) with DNase I on-column treatment. RNA quantity was determined by NanoDrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and RNA quality was assessed with Agilent Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies). RNA (10 µg) was used as the template to generate ds-cDNA using Invitrogen ds-cDNA synthesis kit according to the manufacturer’s protocols (Invitrogen). Microarray sample labeling, hybridization, scan, and statistical analysis of array data The ds-cDNA was labeled, hybridized, and washed according to the NimbleGen protocols. Hybridizations were conducted using a 12-bay hybridization station (BioMicro Systems, Salt Lake City, UT) and the arrays dried using a Maui wash system (BioMicro Systems). Microarrays were scanned with a Surescan high-resolution DNA microarray scanner (5 µm) (Agilent Technologies), and the images were quantified using the NimbleScan software (Roche NimbleGen, Madison, WI). Raw data were log2 transformed and imported into the statistical analysis software JMP Genomics 6.0 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). The data were normalized together using a single round of the LOESS normalization algorithm within JMP Genomics, and distribution analyses were conducted before and after normalization as a quality control step. An ANOVA was performed in JMP Genomics to determine differential expression levels between conditions using the False Discovery Rate (FDR) testing method (p < 0.05). Microarray data have been deposited in NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database under accession number (GSE54082). Data are average of three independent biological replicates. Real-time quantitative-PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis Microarray data were validated using real-time qPCR, as described previously . Based on microarray hybridizations of C. thermocellum mutants, a set of 5 genes (Clo1313_0115, Clo1313_0147, Clo1313_0372, Clo1313_1559, and Clo1313_2243) representing a range of gene expression values was analyzed using qPCR from cDNA prepared for microarrays. Oligonucleotide sequences of the primers targeting the five genes selected for qPCR analysis are shown in Additional file 1: Table S1. Data are average of three independent biological replicates. Crude protein fraction of C. thermocellum cell pellet was processed and digested with trypsin, and peptides were eluted and analyzed over an 11-step MudPIT as described previously . High mass accuracy was utilized for both MS1 (30 K resolution) and MS2 (7.5 K resolution; CID) scans (1 microscan each), with data-dependent acquisition settings as follows: 1 full scan followed by 20 MS/MS scans, isolation window = 2.1 m/z, dynamic exclusion window, duration, and max = −0.52/+ 1.02 m/z, 15 s, and 500, respectively. Peptides generated from C. thermocellum strain DSM1313 FASTA database concatenated with common contaminants and reversed entries were matched to MS/MS spectra using MyriMatch v. 2.1 . Common sample prep-induced modifications, i.e., Cys + 57.0214 Da (alkylation; static), Met + 15.9949 Da (oxidation; dynamic), and N-terminus + 43.0058 Da (carbamylation; dynamic), were included in the search parameters. Matches were filtered and assembled using IDPicker v. 3.0 using a minimum of two distinct peptides per protein identification and adjusting the minimum spectra count (SpC) per protein to achieve protein level FDRs < 5%, peptide-level FDRs < 1%, and PSM-level FDRs < 0.25%. Protein identifications with associated spectral counts (SpC) were tabulated, balanced, and normalized for semi-quantitative proteomics as previously described . Normalized SpC (nSpC) were used as a proxy for protein abundance across individual samples. To assess differences in protein abundance, the top 99% of total assigned spectra (across all sample conditions) was log2-transformed and processed by ANOVA (JMP Genomics v. 4.1) to assess statistical significance. Proteins with significant differences in abundance (p value ≤0.01) and minimum of twofold change were identified and compared with transcriptomics data to identify proteins affected by the knock-out of hydrogenases as well as the addition of acetate to the culture. Data are average of three independent biological replicates. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (http://www.proteomexchange.org) via the PRIDE partner repository with the data set identifier PXD000777. Addition of acetate increased growth rate of ΔhydG strains Over the course of strain construction, we observed that growth of the C. thermocellum ΔhydG mutant was improved by the addition of exogenous acetate. Acetate was initially added based on the hypothesis that the addition of acetate could decrease flux through the acetate formation pathway , which could help prevent redox imbalances in the absence of H2 production. Indeed, acetate was a component of the culture medium during C. thermocellum ΔhydG Δech strain construction, and we were only successful in deleting ech in C. thermocellum ΔhydG when the medium contained added acetate. To characterize this growth phenotype, wild type, ΔhydG and ΔhydG Δech were grown in medium supplemented with 5 mM acetate. Growth of the wild-type strain was unaffected by the addition of acetate (Fig. 1a; 0.26 and 0.3 h−1, respectively, with nearly perfectly overlapping growth curves). However, in the presence of added acetate, the ∆hydG strain grew 33% more rapidly (0.16 h−1) than without added acetate (0.12 h−1) and attained a maximum optical density of 0.76 within 20 h (Fig. 1b), as opposed to 30 h in the absence of added acetate. While less pronounced, addition of acetate to the growth medium increased the growth rate of ∆hydG ∆ech as well, from 0.22 to 0.24 h−1 (Fig. 1c). While the growth rate was improved, the fermentation product profile did not substantially change upon addition of acetate (Table 1), with an ethanol yield similar to that reported previously without added acetate . Individual amino-acid concentrations are presented in Additional file 2: Figure S2 and are not substantially different from . To balance redox reactions, each molecule of synthesized acetate requires the concomitant production of two molecules of a more reduced compound (e.g., formate or H2). Furthermore, there is a net production of NAD(P)H during microbial biomass formation from sugars . Thus, one would expect more formate and H2 to be produced than would be needed to balance the production of acetate alone. In wild type, 2 mM extra (formate + H2) was synthesized relative to the amount that would be required to balance acetate production (Additional file 1: Table S2). The mutant strains, on the other hand, produced approximately zero additional (formate + H2) beyond what is needed to balance acetate production, raising the possibility that an additional electron sink could be in use. Sulfate metabolism genes are upregulated in ∆hydG with addition of acetate To gain insight into the cellular response to elimination of H2 formation and the addition of acetate, we explored changes in gene expression (Fig. 2; Additional file 3: Data set S1) and protein abundance (Additional file 4: Data set S2). A broad range of these gene expressions were also validated by RT-qPCR and a correlation coefficient of R 2 = 0.98 between microarray and qPCR analysis confirmed differential expression (Additional file 2: Fig. S3). In the absence of added acetate, 204 genes were significantly differentially expressed in ΔhydG compared to wild type, including 79 increased and 125 decreased in ΔhydG (Additional file 5: Data set S3). Genes with increased expression in ΔhydG included genes in Clusters 7 and 8 (Fig. 2b) associated with CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) functions (Clo1313_2705-2713; Clo1313_2970-2976), glutamate biosynthesis (Clo1313_2035-2036), and cysteine metabolism (Clo1313_2325-2331). Genes with lowered expression included genes in Cluster 6 associated with sulfate uptake and assimilation (Clo1313_0115-0125) , and siroheme synthesis (Clo1313_0372-0375). Surprisingly, addition of acetate to the fermentation medium had almost no effect on the transcriptomic profile of the wild-type strain, with only three genes significantly down regulated, including one iron sulfur cluster protein and two hypothetical genes (Fig. 2a), none of which were detected by proteomics (see below). Upon addition of acetate to the growth medium of ΔhydG, expression of 51 genes increased and five genes decreased. The two genomic regions of Cluster 6 in particular, consisting of total 27 genes, displayed dramatic increase in expression in the presence of added acetate. Proximal genes to these genomic loci were also upregulated in the presence of acetate and grouped in Cluster 1 (Fig. 2c). The first region from Clo1313_0108-0125 includes a predicted sulfate transport system and a complete sulfate assimilatory pathway, including genes for siroheme biosynthesis, which is a cofactor for sulfite reductase. The second genomic loci Clo1313_0372-0393 also included subunits of a putative pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase, a putative carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, and two ABC transporters. Addition of acetate to ΔhydG Δech increased expression of cluster 6 as well, though not to the same degree as ΔhydG, since the basal (i.e., no added acetate) level of cluster 6 was not significantly different from wild type. The upregulation of the Clo1313_0108-0125 and Clo1313_0372-0393 gene clusters in ΔhydG was further confirmed by proteomics using the same cultures harvested for transcriptomic analysis. About 1700 proteins were identified, out of which 21 were significantly upregulated and 37 downregulated in ΔhydG upon addition of acetate. Similar to the transcriptomics, acetate addition significantly increased the abundance of proteins from two clusters in ΔhydG strain: Clo1313_0110-0125 increased 78—709-fold and Clo1313_0373-0391 increased 2.7—408-fold (Additional file 4: Data set S2). Taken together, these data suggest that sulfur metabolism may be perturbed in C. thermocellum ΔhydG. We also considered the possibility that differential protein acetylation could account for the difference in gene expression, but no differences in acetylation were detected in the proteomics data set (Additional file 4: Data set S4). The average number of detected acetylation events per sample was comparable between wild type (172), wild type with added acetate (155), ΔhydG (151), and ΔhydG with added acetate (152). Furthermore, no individual protein had statistically significant differences in acetylation. Sulfur metabolism is altered in the C. thermocellum ∆hydG mutant With the increased abundance of transcripts and proteins related to sulfur metabolism, we examined the effect of deletion of hydG on sulfate reduction and cysteine metabolism. The measurement of sulfate consumption from the medium was masked by excess sulfate ions produced by the thermal degradation of the MOPS buffer during incubation at 55 °C during fermentation (Additional file 2: Fig. S3). However, sulfate is reduced to sulfide prior to incorporation into cysteine. While the wild type released ~7.5 μM sulfide into the culture medium, ~18 μM sulfide was released by ΔhydG, with similar results when acetate was added to the medium (Fig. 3a). As C. thermocellum is known to divert a significant flux of carbon and electrons toward production of secreted amino acids, we further examined the abundance of amino acids in the supernatant. Cysteine is provided in the culture medium as a reductant to make the medium anaerobic. Interestingly, the wild-type strain removed ca. 1.6 mM of 2.4 mM cysteine in the medium. C. thermocellum ΔhydG and ΔhydGΔech, on the other hand, did not consume any cysteine. Acetate addition in these mutants did not substantially alter uptake of cysteine from the medium for any of the strains (Fig. 3b). Genome resequencing of C. thermocellum ΔhydG and ΔhydGΔech The improved growth of C. thermocellum ΔhydGΔech, even in the absence of added acetate, was surprising given that metabolism is more constrained by the deletion of the Ech hydrogenase. We, therefore, considered the possibility that additional, beneficial mutations occurred during strain construction, and that these hypothesized mutations could be influencing the phenotype. To address this, we resequenced the genomes of C. thermocellum ΔhydG and ΔhydGΔech (Additional file 1: Table S3). The parent Δhpt strain contained 27 mutations relative to the published genome sequence, which likely represents a combination of mutations that have accumulated during and since strain construction as well as possible errors in the published genome. The expected deletions in hydG and ech were identified in the respective strains, as was the previously identified adhE mutation. Nine additional mutations were identified in ΔhydG relative to the parent strain. In ΔhydGΔech, four additional mutations were identified relative to ΔhydG. Of these ΔhydGΔech mutations, two result in amino-acid changes, and both could be related to gene expression: a putative ribonuclease and a putative transcription factor. Understanding the mechanisms by which growth of mutated microbes can improve is important for understanding and improving strain robustness. While the hydrogenase mutants are some of the highest ethanol yielding C. thermocellum strains, the slow growth phenotype would likely be prohibitive for commercialization. By combining transcriptomics, proteomics, and physiological characterization, we have shed light on a mechanism by which growth of this mutant can be improved. Furthermore, acetate is abundant in many types of pant biomass in the form of acetylated xylan. Thus, hemicellulose-derived acetate could act as a growth stimulant for this strain. Production of acetic acid + CO2 from sugars is obligately coupled to production of a more reduced compound, typically either H2 or formate in C. thermocellum, to balance redox reactions. Therefore, decreasing or eliminating H2 production without altering acetate production would result in a redox imbalance and decreasing flux through this pathway could help alleviate this imbalance. Thus, one might have expected that the addition of exogenous acetate could improve growth by lowering flux through the acetate production pathway. However, fermentation product profiles did not change substantially upon the addition of acetate. There was no net acetate consumption and strains are capable of growth without added acetate, demonstrating that deletion of hydG does not result in acetate auxotrophy. Instead, the addition of acetate to the culture medium increases the growth rate by altering sulfur metabolism (Fig. 4). Sulfur metabolism is perturbed in C. thermocellum ΔhydG at the level of transcripts (Fig. 2), proteins (Additional file 4: Data set S2), and metabolites (Fig. 3). Amino-acid analysis demonstrated that ΔhydG strains do not consume cysteine from the medium and, therefore, must synthesize their own. One possible explanation is that deletion of hydG somehow blocks cysteine uptake through an unknown mechanism and thus requires the cell to make its own cysteine. Alternatively, a redox imbalance created by ΔhydG could be partially alleviated via sulfate reduction, which consumes four pairs of electrons per sulfate reduced to sulfide (Fig. 4). Wild type C. thermocellum consumed approximately 1.6 mM cysteine from the medium. If the hydrogenase mutants produce a similar amount of cysteine to fulfill cellular needs, then the necessary sulfate reduction would consume an amount of electrons equivalent to 6.4 mM H2 or formate. The combination of reduced acetate production relative to the wild type and increased sulfate reduction is likely sufficient to adequately balance redox reactions. Hydrogenases are important for regenerating the oxidized ferredoxin used as the electron acceptor for Pyruvate:Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase (PFOR) during conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA (Fig. 4). The sulfite reductase is predicted to utilize ferredoxin as the electron donor, which could help reoxidize the reduced ferredoxin generated by PFOR. Unlike sulfate-reducing bacteria, such as Desulfovibrio sp., where sulfate is used as the terminal electron acceptor in an energy-conserving electron transport chain [25, 26], in C. thermocellum, it is presumably an ATP-intensive pathway for cofactor re-oxidation. Although metabolically expensive, reduction of sulfate appears beneficial, as evident from the improved growth rate when this pathway is up regulated. Future efforts to provide alternate mechanisms to balance redox reactions have the potential to improve growth rate and also increase ethanol yield. The role of the point mutation in the bifunctional alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase AdhE in the intersection between sulfur metabolism and redox balancing is unclear. With the expanded substrate specificity of AdhE, being able to use either NADH or NADPH for reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol, the ΔhydG and ΔhydGΔech strains have an expanded range of possible pathways for redox balancing. However, C. thermocellum has a multitude of enzymes to enable the transfer of electrons between cofactors. Electrons can be directly transferred from ferredoxin to generate NADH using Rnf , while electrons from ferredoxin and NADH together can be used to reduce two NADP+ to NADPH [28, 29]. Furthermore, a carbon pathway, the malate shunt [30, 31], can functionally result in transhydrogenation during the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate by oxidation of NADH by malate dehydrogenase and reduction of NADP+ by malic enzyme. The ability to utilize NADPH as a reductant for ethanol production would presumably provide additional flexibility in redox balancing, but the fact that sulfite reduction to sulfide is predicted to be ferredoxin-dependent makes the relevance of the mutant AdhE for sulfur metabolism tenuous. The increased flux through sulfate reduction appears to occur both with and without added acetate, as evidenced by the lack of cysteine consumption in each case. Thus, the level of proteins involved in sulfate reduction appears to be rate limiting. The addition of acetate increases expression of the necessary genes, increasing the rate of sulfate reduction and, thus, the rate of growth. This also explains the smaller impact of acetate addition in ΔhydGΔech, where the expression level of this gene cluster is already at a higher basal level in the absence of added acetate. The higher basal expression presumably permits higher flux through sulfate reduction, even in the absence of added acetate. Interestingly, two non-synonymous mutations were identified in ΔhydGΔech in a putative ribonuclease and a transcription factor. It is conceivable that one or both of these mutations alter either mRNA stability or transcription, respectively, to return gene expression levels without added acetate to wild-type levels for gene cluster 6. Furthermore, sulfide is a volatile intermediate in the production of cysteine, so the wild-type level of sulfide production in ΔhydGΔech could indicate efficient assimilation of the synthesized sulfide in this strain. Addition of acetate to wild-type cultures had a little impact, which is not surprising, because the level of added acetate (5 mM) is substantially lower than the amount wild-type strain produces during growth on 5 g/L cellobiose (approximately 9 mM under these conditions; see Table 1). However, supplementation with acetate modulates gene expression and metabolic flux in C. thermocellum ΔhydG by an unknown mechanism. Because of the role of hydrogenases in reoxidizing ferredoxin, deletion of hydG could reasonably affect flux through PFOR to perturb pools of acetyl-CoA and acetyl-phosphate, which are known to acetylate proteins to alter enzymatic properties in some organisms [32, 33]. However, no difference in protein acetylation was observed in ΔhydG either in the presence or absence of added acetate, suggesting that differential protein acetylation is not the likely mechanism by which sulfate reduction genes are more highly expressed. Thus, the mechanism of gene upregulation remains to be elucidated. This transcriptomic response of ΔhydG to the addition of acetate is similar to that seen in wild type C. thermocellum upon exposure to furfural , a toxic aldehyde created by the dehydration of xylose at high temperature, such as during plant biomass pretreatment. In organisms like E. coli, furfural is detoxified via NADPH-dependent reduction to furfuryl alcohol, which is less toxic. This is thought to decrease the amount of NADPH available for biosynthesis and inhibit growth . Supplementation of E. coli with cysteine or increasing the concentration of NADPH increased furfural tolerance, suggesting that cysteine metabolism is intimately tied to the redox state of the cell. Sulfate reduction genes are also differentially expressed in response to chemical redox perturbation , and addition of excess sulfate helped recover viability of a C. thermocellum mutant with perturbed redox metabolism . How sulfur metabolism relates to redox homeostasis requires further study and may inform future metabolic engineering strategies. Understanding and overcoming low robustness in engineered microorganisms will be essential to industrial deployment of these organisms. The previous deletion of hydrogenases in C. thermocellum resulted in strains with a higher ethanol yield but a substantially lower growth rate. Here, we find that this growth defect can be overcome with the addition of acetate to the medium, which results in an increase in sulfate reduction. Sulfate likely serves as an electron acceptor to help balance redox reactions, which has implications for future metabolic engineering efforts. reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide - NADP+ : oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate Lynd LR, Weimer PJ, van Zyl WH, Pretorius IS. Microbial cellulose utilization: fundamentals and biotechnology. 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RB participated in the design of the study, characterized growth and fermentation, grew cultures for –omics analyses, and drafted the manuscript. CMW, DMK, and SDB performed and analyzed transcriptomics experiments. RJG and RLH performed and analyzed proteomics experiments. TR and MBS analyzed and interpreted genome resequencing data. AMG helped conceive of the study, participated in its design and coordination, and drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. We would like to acknowledge Daniel G. Olson for his assistance with resequencing data analysis and helpful discussions. This work was supported by the BioEnergy Science Center, U.S. DOE Bioenergy Research Center supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC0500OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for the United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan) The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Availability of supporting data The microarray data generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database under accession number (GSE54082). The proteomics data generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the ProteomeXchange Consortium (http://www.proteomexchange.org) via the PRIDE partner repository with the data set identifier PXD000777. All other data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files. This work was supported by the BioEnergy Science Center, U.S. DOE Bioenergy Research Center supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science. The work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, a DOE Office of Science User Facility, is supported under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Additional file 1: Supplemental Tables. Table S1. Primers used in this study. Table S2. Calculations of electron balance for strains with and without added acetate. Table S3. Analysis of mutations present in strains relative to the published wild type sequence. Additional file 2: Supplemental Figures. Figure S1. Correlation plot between microarray and RT-qPCR data sets. Verification of differential gene expressions in C. thermocellum in the presence and absence of acetate. Figure S2. Concentration of amino acids produced by wild type, ΔhydG, and ΔhydGΔech strains with/out added acetate.*, asparagine quantification for two samples was prevented by interference. Error bars represent one standard deviation. Figure S3. Incubation of MTC medium at high temperature releases sulfate. Sulfate concentration in culture medium after incubation for 5 days. RT, room temperature; 55 °C, incubation at 55 °C; presence (black bars) and absence (gray bars) added acetate. Additional file 3: Data set S1. Hierarchical clustering of gene expression. Genes significantly (p < 0.05) differentially expressed in various comparisons between the wild-type parental strain, the ΔhydG and ΔhydG Δech mutant C. thermocellum strains in the presence or absence of acetate. Expression differences are expressed as log2 transformed values. Yellow shading indicates upregulation by a fold change of 2 in first condition listed, while blue indicates downregulation of gene expression by a fold change of 2. For example: in the comparison, “WT (+acetate)–WT (−acetate)” yellow shading would indicate a significant upregulation of genes in the WT strain grown with acetate compared to the WT strain grown without acetate. Conversely, blue shading indicates higher expression when the cells were grown without acetate compared to those grown with acetate. Values in gray indicate the significance of the differential gene expression was below the p < 0.05 threshold for that specific comparison. Functional annotations are given of those available in the public databases. Values in the column Hierarchical cluster cross-reference to clusters in Fig. 4. Additional file 4: Data set S2. Proteomic analysis of wild type and ΔhydG in the presence or absence of acetate. Proteomic analysis of wild type and ΔhydG in the presence or absence of acetate. Color code of the p values based on significance, with red indicating highly significant and white non-significant. Additional file 5: Data set S3. Differential gene expression. Differential gene expression expressed as a ratio between the ΔhydG, ∆hydG ∆ech, and wild-type strains of C. thermocellum in the presence or absence of acetate. Included is the False Discovery Rate (FDR) adjusted p value for each gene comparison with an FDR adjusted p value <0.05 and greater than ±1 log2 transformed ratio between the conditions indicative of altered gene regulation. Additional file 6: Data set S4. Acetylation analysis of ΔhydG and ∆hydG∆ech strains. Acetylation of the proteins in mutants were compared to wild type in the presence or absence of acetate. About this article Cite this article Biswas, R., Wilson, C.M., Giannone, R.J. et al. Improved growth rate in Clostridium thermocellum hydrogenase mutant via perturbed sulfur metabolism. Biotechnol Biofuels 10, 6 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-016-0684-x - Cellulosic ethanol - Clostridium thermocellum - Redox balance - Metabolic engineering - Sulfate reduction	<urn:uuid:db38a671-a72a-4cb5-86b5-7fd53b25019d>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13068-016-0684-x	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.903888	11,585	1.6875	2
Grants for the implementation of low-emission areas and the transformation of urban transport The Ministry of Transport, Mobility and Urban Agenda will allocate a total of 1,000,000,000 euros to municipalities for the implementation of low-emission areas and for the digital and sustainable transformation of public transport. Within the European Next Generation Recovery Fund, these grants seek to accelerate the implementation of these low-emission areas, thus contributing to the improvement of air quality and the reduction of greenhouse gases, and to provide municipal administrations with the necessary investments for the provision of a sustainable digital public transport system, and digital traffic and mobility management tools. The grants will be directed to municipalities with more than 20,000 inhabitants, and applications must be submitted by 30 September. If you have in mind a project that fits the grants or are developing a related project, at Ingartek we will help you to submit your application. Thanks to our extensive experience in the mobility sector, we will advise you on how to guide your projects so you can get the grant of the Ministry of Transport, Mobility and Urban Agenda. Contact us and we will help you develop your project. Write to us!	<urn:uuid:3a9d8082-b205-4130-8f7c-098d520efee1>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.ingartek.com/en/grants-for-the-implementation-of-low-emission-areas-and-the-transformation-of-urban-transport/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.905388	239	1.632813	2
\|Rachel Magdeburg, Clamgram, 2013 Inside the gallery What do you remember about learning to write? I remember a project notebook – and concentrating hard on the movement of the pencil. Creating little tails. Lifting the pencil at the right moment. There was a focus on the shape – repetition – getting it right. To create her piece, Rachel Magdeburg has taken the time to try to relearn writing skills. To write with evenness and consistency requires a discipline of mind and action. Rachel told me that she had to almost trick her mind to adapt itself to producing something with different tools. Not that she can’t write – but her stye of writing has changed considerably since school. No longer as regimented. No longer consistent. Writing is something we have stopped practising. We are too busy with our keyboards, our thumbs on twitter. Marks made on the page are hurried. Yet tiny details reveal something about us – our state of mind. In practising her writing Rachel has reconnected with an earlier part of herself and simultaneously engaged with her present self and its habits and practices. The younger pliable mind is a shadow of its former self. Puzzled perhaps that it cannot just write at will. It has to fight to connect hand with mind, mind with hand. Practising handwriting encounters already well practised rituals. There is an unseen collision of past, present and future. There is no backspace, no crossing out. It is tiring to use fingers and thumbs. There is a lack of a familiar rhythm. Rachel uses the process to create a memo to her future self. She dares to use handwriting from the past to explore future notions of herself – which she will at some point read in her future present and look back! When she revisits the memo, will she be surrounded by old school jotters in attics. Will the handwritten notebooks of today become the artist’s notebook of the future – not paint and brush but quill and ink? Does today’s text becomes the future’s sketch? I like the physicality of the work and the humour of if. The thoughts we all play around with in our head but are too scared to reveal are pinned down on the page. The uniformity of the well considered words seem to give the serious and monotonous nature of ageing, room to breath. You have to stay with the material for a while – word on word, line on line. Outside the gallery I sat with some older people. We sat round a textile covered table. First introductions. Second words. Words that preyed on our minds forced their way out. What am I going to do? How can I live? My identity – where will it come from – it is so wrapped up in my work and now I have to stop, 70 years old – why that’s awesome. 70 years old. It means something but it doesn’t relate to what is going on inside me, in my life. Caged animal at 70? Come and contribute to the Outing Ageing discussion this Friday 18th October, 19.00-21.00. The event is free and will be chaired by Marika Rose from Durham University. It will feature contributions by Dr Cathy Bailey, Research Fellow in International Ageing at Northumbria University, Moyra Riseborough, a researcher currently working with the Centre for Ageing and Vitality at Newcastle University and Fr Colin Carr, local intellectual and Catholic priest. This will be an opportunity for both the artists and the public to reflect on how the work in the show engages with broader notions of ageing, wisdom, maturity and death.	<urn:uuid:9ff46bc2-8401-48b7-9e19-c96ad64084d8>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.saw-newcastle.org/writing-out-and-out-speaking-ageing/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz	en	0.960056	779	1.695313	2
I installed and played Civilization II 😀 Mau1wurf1977 wrote on 2014-07-12, 17:49: However the PIII Tualatin still dominates in extreme CPU bound situations (512 x 386 in SLI). Maybe this is because of the difference in CPU architecture (The P4 has a longer pipeline). It takes a much higher clocked P4 to get get close to the PIII Tualatin in such situations. Well first of all, you have to realize that the P4 sacrificed instructions per clock cycle in order to achieve high clock speeds. Very very very roughly speaking, a 1.0 ghz P3 was equivalent to a 1.5 ghz P4. However, on the 180 nanometer process, the P3 (Coppermine) had trouble reaching 1.13 ghz while the P4 (Willamette) topped out at 2.0 ghz; on the 130 nm process, the P3 (Tualatin) topped out at 1.4 but the P4 (Northwood) was able to hit 3.4 ghz. So I hope you're taking that into account, and not trying to compare the two at the same clock speed. That would be like saying a Volkswagen Bug (P3) would "dominate" in a race against a Formula 1 car (P4), just because the Formula 1 car requires higher RPM (clock speed) to keep up with the Bug. Second, the P4 was commonly stated to have 4 integer units and only 2 floating-point units. However, I've also heard that it had 2 of each but ran the integer units at twice the clock speed of the rest of the CPU, or something like that, so 2 got counted as 4... whatever. The P3 and Athlon, by contrast, were more balanced (Athlon had 3 integer units and 3 floating-point units), so even when you adjusted for the difference in clock speeds (ie you threw a 1 ghz P3 against a 1.5 ghz P4, or a 2 ghz Athlon against a 3 ghz P4), the P4 did better on integer math but got its ass handed to it on floating-point math. 3D gaming is pretty heavy on the floating-point operations. There's a very good reason why, throughout the early and mid-2000s, the Athlon was considered the gaming and CAD chip and the P4 was considered the media editing (Photoshop, Premiere etc.) chip. wrote on 2014-07-16, 08:52: Why the heck isn't there low power consumption legacy hardware? Could you imagine a mobo with pentium 2, geforce mx 200, ram, sound blaster awe64, midi daughterboard, and ram on a single small pcb (or perhaps a single chip)? I've no doubt that it'd be possible in a low power, small form factor at least. I had the same idea recently. The issue is that, when it comes to integrated circuits, development costs and other overhead costs are very high and per-unit manufacturing costs are pretty low, so a company needs to produce a LOT of a chip, like millions, for it to be profitable for them. Try convincing AMD or Intel that they're going to sell millions of a chip that's been obsolete for over 20 years. It's not impossible (the 386 continued to be manufactured for embedded systems all the way until 2007) but you need to talk about use cases other than Mechwarrior 2: Mercenaries. Honestly I think I'd be better off hiring a programmer to write drivers to allow Win98 to run on an Atomic Pi or something similar. wrote on 2014-07-16, 08:52: Heck Microsoft would benefit from releasing new Windows 9X licenses. The problem there, from Microsoft's perspective, is that older versions of Windows are not patched/updated anymore, and are therefore more vulnerable to viruses and hacks, and every compromised system out there increases the risk of something bad happening to more modern and secure systems. Basically, computers running older versions of Windows are like unvaccinated people. They're mostly a threat to each other, but if there are enough of them, they can endanger the rest of us. Also, Microsoft's whole business model is now based on spying on its users and selling their information to other companies rather than selling OSes to us, and Win9x doesn't really fit with that. And hardware vendors probably pay Microsoft to constantly make Windows slower and heavier so that people have to constantly buy new hardware, and new Win9x licenses don't really fit with that. You might have better luck acquiring a Win9x volume license on the secondary market, and using that to make and sell as many Win9x machines as you want. It's legal and Microsoft can't do crap about it. Standard Def Steve wrote on 2014-07-16, 18:05: Was just blasting through F.E.A.R. on Dothan @ 2.7GHz/GTX-260 with everything cranked. Nice, smooth performance. I just love this CPU. Why Intel only made it for laptops is beyond me. PM on the desktop with a 667+FSB would have given AMD something to F.E.A.R. during the Socket 754-939 days. Several motherboard vendors did, in fact, make desktop boards for the Pentium M 😀 Intel was not amused. Since people like posting system specs: Core i7 Sandy Bridge @ 3.6 ghz 4 GB of RAM in quad-channel Geforce GTX 780 1600 x 1200 monitor Dual-booting WinXP Integral Edition and Win7 Pro 64-bit XP compatibility is the hill that I will die on.	<urn:uuid:ec0fb3c1-47e3-496e-b6a6-03bd054545e2>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.vogons.org/viewtopic.php?f=46&t=39993&p=975244	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.96586	1,210	1.664063	2
Chemical industry manufacturing companies must navigate growing challenges, including increased product complexity and stricter environmental regulations. To remain profitable in today’s difficult marketplace, chemical companies must improve their operational efficiency while lowering costs. Register for our webinar to discover how Siemens’ digitalization solutions help chemical businesses thrive by ensuring manufacturing quality and optimizing production across global facilities. Reduce costs through digitalization and automation By automating chemical manufacturing, companies can accelerate processes while reducing time-to-market. Because the top floor integrates with the shop floor, manufacturing transparency and coordination dramatically improves. The webinar will present a digitalization and automation demonstration and case study that reveals the cost-reducing benefits for manufacturers. Navigating fast-changing chemical industry trends Chemical manufacturers must navigate a fast-changing consumer marketplace and regulatory environment. Increasing competition is reducing margins while consumer focus on healthy living and sustainability makes it essential for manufacturers to understand their facilities’ environmental impacts. Watch the webinar to learn important chemical industry trends and observe the power of digitalization. Meet the speakers Gian Paolo Di Salvo Industry Manager Process & Tyre Industry Gian Paolo has more than 20 years of experience in the MES arena across many industries. He has covered different roles, from Product Management to Project Management. In his current role of Industry Manager for Process and Tyre Industry, he defines the value proposition and the go-to-market for Opcenter and MOM. Solution Domain Marketing Manager Cheyenne offers marketing and industry insights for multiple industries, for our Opcenter Execution Foundation solution. She has a scientific background and experience in project and product line management in the chemical industry. In her current role, she is translating industry trends and solutions to marketing collaterals.	<urn:uuid:04653bf5-4fba-4142-9e59-570927bb15bc>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://webinars.sw.siemens.com/en-US/solve-chemical-manufacturing-challenges-with-digitalization	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.904777	370	1.578125	2
WRIGHT FLIGHT INC - Children & Youth - Education & Literacy Location7075 S PLUMER AVE 14TUCSON, AZ 85756 United States The mission of Wright Flight is to use the inherent motivational power of aviation as a stimulus for students to set and achieve higher goals in their educational and personal development. We teach students that through commitment and hard work, they can achieve their goals, earn the reward of exciting aviation-related experiences and develop a more positive self-concept. Wright Flight reflects real life. It’s not your "normal" non-profit organization. Nor is it like a team where everybody gets a trophy. Kids learn you have to earn the right to graduate. If you don’t work hard, you won’t get off the ground. More than anything else, Wright Flight shows that raising standards and expectations is the best way to raise self-esteem. Our kids set a goal, meet a challenge, and change their life. Wright Flight, Inc., named after the Wright Brothers, is a unique program that began in Tucson in 1986. Wright Flight was founded by Lt. Col. Robin Stoddard, USAF (ret.) who, at the time, was an Air Force Fighter pilot. Each year, over 1000 local students learn about the achievements of historical figures in aviation, complete a formal contract with their own goal, and work hard to achieve it with the guidance of their teacher/club leader. Successful graduates earn the chance to fly a small plane alongside an experienced volunteer pilot at a "Fly Day". We introduce Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) careers to students as young as ten years old. The outcomes for program graduates include better grades, better attitudes at school and home, increased self-confidence and a success mentality. Wright Flight is proud to be welcoming our second generation of students. Many of our students' parents and teachers come to us after having a Wright Flight experience of their own. Wright Flight programs would not be possible without the partnership of local teachers, schools, donors, pilots, and ground volunteers. Together we can help kids reach new heights!	<urn:uuid:6a5a6722-00f1-440d-9f7d-67816596bfae>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.volunteermatch.org/search/org1198208.jsp	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.940177	467	1.757813	2
I want to learn how to wash a baseball cap without ruining it. My son has a few favorites that have gotten all sweat-stained and gross. He won’t toss them out, so the alternative is washing them. But I’m not sure how to do that without warping them or having the colors bleed. JoAnn Bunn, La Grange We can give you some good advice on how to wash your baseball cap without ruining it. But much depends on two factors: what fabric makes up the cap, and what is inside the brim. If you want to see the whole rundown at the outset, check out this link: https://www.tipsbulletin.com/how-to-wash-a-baseball-cap-the-ultimate-guide/ To begin, look to see if the cap is made out of cotton or wool. Don’t wash wool caps in water. Instead, you can dampen a washcloth with cool water and wipe down the cap. If you wear the cap while it dries, it will remain in the proper shape. Usually, you can hand-wash caps made out of cotton. Although some people say you can use a washing machine or a dishwasher, you’ll have to watch out for a couple of things. One is if the color will bleed. And the other is whether the brim is cardboard or plastic. You may already know that caps with cardboard brims won’t survive soaking in water. It’s best if you spot-clean them with a damp cloth. Afterward, if there are sweat stains, rub a little shampoo around the inner band. If a cap has a plastic brim, you can soak it in sudsy warm water with a little laundry detergent. For the first wash, give it up to three hours for the soap to work. Use a soft toothbrush to gently scrub out stains. Rinse it well and let it air dry. You can plump it up into shape by stuffing it with towels. To avoid having to clean caps as often, spray them with stain repellent. If you want to keep them smelling fresh, sprinkle baking soda inside them. Then let that sit overnight. In the morning, simply shake it out.	<urn:uuid:3e3996fe-66ba-4901-b48b-d60ccf3a8cea>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.tipsbulletin.com/qa-how-to-wash-a-baseball-cap-without-ruining-it/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.936634	473	1.617188	2
During the first day of hearing in the case of Indian naval officer Kulbhushan Jadhav, who is currently facing the death penalty in Pakistan, at the International Court of Justice (ICJ), Indian diplomats rejected the handshakes offered to them by Pakistani officials and instead returned their greetings with a ‘Namaste’, reports The Economic Times. This comes in the aftermath of an attack by Pakistan-backed Jaish-e-Mohammed on a CRPF convoy in Pulwama in South Kashmir. At least 41 CRPF jawans were martyred in the suicide bombing which is the deadliest attack on Indian security forces in Jammu & Kashmir’s history. Prior to the commencement of the hearing, the Pakistani Attorney General, Anwar Mansoor, extended his hand to Indian Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) Joint Secretary Deepak Mittal, but the latter folded his hands in a Namaste in response. The same process was repeated when Mansoor offered his hand to the Indian Ambassador to the Netherlands Venu Rajamony. Finally, it was former attorney general and noted lawyer Harish Salve, who is representing India at the world body, who shook hands with the Pakistani official. Pakistan’s Foreign Office spokesperson and the Director-General For South Asia and SAARC Mohammad Faisal also had to remain content with a namaste from Mittal. As you are no doubt aware, Swarajya is a media product that is directly dependent on support from its readers in the form of subscriptions. We do not have the muscle and backing of a large media conglomerate nor are we playing for the large advertisement sweep-stake. Our business model is you and your subscription. And in challenging times like these, we need your support now more than ever. We deliver over 10 - 15 high quality articles with expert insights and views. From 7AM in the morning to 10PM late night we operate to ensure you, the reader, get to see what is just right. Becoming a Patron or a subscriber for as little as Rs 1200/year is the best way you can support our efforts.	<urn:uuid:b76af236-f2ed-4c72-aab1-1da94151d339>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://swarajyamag.com/insta/hands-off-pakistan-at-icj-hearing-indian-diplomats-offer-neighbour-only-a-namaste-as-greeting	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.96036	449	1.5625	2
Blastocyst Culture in IVF Blastocyst Culture in IVF the term Blastocyst, a technique to get rid of infertility, describes a laboratory procedure. But treatment name is not enough to understand all the process of treatment. What is a Blastocyst Culture? Blastocyst Culture in IVF this term portrays the procedure. When the developing embryo is cultured in specialized media for better development. During the basic formative changes before being implanted back into the womb. This time of expanded culture helps our specialists to select the most appropriate embryo(s) for implantation into your womb and also can help to show which embryos are likely to have the best development potential. In this way, Blastocyst society augments the increased possibility of you accomplishing a Pregnancy. By the time, an embryo has reached the Blastocyst stage, it has now undergone few cell divisions and accomplished its first set of cell division. Blastocyst culture and transfer have shown better pregnancy results. When the Blastocyst treatment required? When the embryos are developing, there are many factors governing their growth and development and not all of them reach the Blastocyst stage. During conception, the egg is treated by sperm in the fallopian tube and an incipient organism is shaped. Blastocyst transfer, however, increases the chances of pregnancy as the embryo is growing well and has more chances of healthy development in the future. The best embryo(s) to be chosen for transfer back into the Uterus. Your treatment cycle is precisely the same concerning IVF, aside from that your embryos will be screened and cultured prolonged period in the embryology research facility. This procedure improves our Embryologist’s capacity to choose the best embryo(s) well on the way to result in the best pregnancy rates for this treatment.	<urn:uuid:39c2bc2d-877b-4b34-8003-f97a580e2ced>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://adamandevenoida.com/treatments-infertility-treatment-in-noida/blastocyst-culture-blastocyst-culture-in-ivf/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00264.warc.gz	en	0.945932	375	3.125	3
Urgent Care Centers Help Patients Many experts agree that the American health care system can be divided into three distinct (although equally important) sectors. The sector that most American patients are most familiar with is the primary care sector. These doctors treat non serious and non life threatening illnesses and ailments. Additionally, these doctors administer annual and semi annual checkups for their patients. Consequently, many patients become close friends with their doctors over the course of several decades, which is why millions of American patients ask these doctors to administer regular vaccinations, shots, and other medical procedures. In some instances, people have turned down jobs with high paying salaries in order to remain close to their primary care doctors. If every American knows his or her primary care doctor, fewer Americans know the doctors who work in the emergency rooms (or ERs) at their local hospital. These emergency rooms are reserved for patients who are suffering from serious, life or death illnesses and injuries. The doctors who work in these emergency rooms are often the best doctors in the country because they have to make quick decisions under pressure. Many doctors find that it is almost impossible to think clearly when a patient is bleeding to death in front of their eyes, and consequently, very few doctors work in emergency rooms for more than a few months. (However, there are exceptions to every rule: some doctors spend their entire careers in emergency rooms.) The final sector of the American health care system stands in between the primary care physician and the emergency room. I am talking about the 24 hour urgent care Scottsdale, AZ. According to data culled from the CDC, these urgent care centers (such as the 24 hour urgent care Scottsdale, AZ or the walk in clinic Phoenix, AZ) represent one of the fastest growing sectors in the system, now that more than half of all adults seek them out when their physicians are closed or when their doctors cannot see them immediately. Some patients also prefer these 24 hour urgent care Scottsdale, AZ to their primary doctors when they need embarrassing tests, such as Std testing scottsdale, AZ or Std testing phoenix, AZ. In these instances, the 24 hour urgent care Scottsdale, AZ can both prescribe and dispense prescriptions for the patient; the 24 hour urgent care Scottsdale, AZ thus ensures the patient need not let any of his friends, family members, or neighbors learn about his or her embarrassing affliction. Most patients, however, seek out 24 hour urgent care Scottsdale, AZ and 24 hour urgent care phoenix, AZ for less embarrassing reasons. These reasons include: sprains and strains; fractures; upper respiratory illnesses; gastrointestinal conditions such as food poisoning; lacerations; concussions; and the common cold, which the average child catches between six and ten times each year. Many American patients seek out 24 hour urgent care Scottsdale, AZ when suffering from these ailments because they know that these 24 hour urgent care Scottsdale, AZ can see, treat, and cure them within the course of a day.	<urn:uuid:c02a515d-e476-4daa-8567-ce02343b5fd4>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://dtwnews.com/2013/06/urgent-care-centers-help-patients/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.962562	617	1.976563	2
In the majority of wood stores, the table saw is the centerpiece around which all other work is done. Oftentimes, a radial arm saw can perform lots. Learn about the benefits of a saw, and one can be valuable in your shop. It gives an extremely precise job without wasting time on wooden parts like baseboards, boards, panelling… Though it may be used to drill precise holes in stock in the standard fashion, you might also use it to bore holes in different angles, as an offset press, a drum sander and more. This report shows you how to select a drill press for your wood store. Keeping your table saw working smoothly requires some regular maintenance. The chainsaw is the most acceptable tool for cutting large amounts of timber, especially for cutting long and thick plants. The table saw is generally regarded as the centerpiece of the timber store. It is often the one tool around which the wood store is made since so many jobs can be done on the table saw. The wood chisel is fantastic for cutting or stained timber by eliminating material. Hardwood boards and softwoods may look similar in form and dimension, however they’re sold with a completely different measuring method. Softwoods are generally sold in dimensions, whereas hardwoods are often sold by the board foot. It is not advisable to utilize steel screws rather brass or copper screws. An essential thing to consider when choosing wood is that the degree of drying of the wood. Nearly every woodworking project in one form or another will ask that you check some intersection, either joint or finish of the board to get square. Sometimes, if an assembly is square, which in the case of endeavors that are large-scale, can be a bit difficult, you ought to test and see. However, learning woodworking isn’t hard. The rest will fall into place as you go along, if you master the basics that are woodworking. There is wood for many tastes, for carpentry, furniture, transportation and design. The scroll saw is still in the kind of a framework saw with a ring or wire blade, depending on the instance. It’s useful for sinuous cuts. Hardwood is particularly robust and can be tricky to use in case you don’t have the right tools, like a saw, a scissors or plane. Beech wood is used in carpentry for the creation of furniture and solid or plywood flooring. The belt sander is probably the most widely used model in grinding since it’s equipped with a interchangeable abrasive belt and is excellent for trimming large surfaces like parquet. When the sander, as its name implies, is utilized to sand wooden components, there are various models appropriate for certain uses. Everyone has probably used a hammer at some time in their lives. When there are many varieties of hammers for all kinds of applications, the woodworking version is that the claw hammer with a complete head. Choose one that’s not heavy, but feels good. A miter saw is perfect for making clean crosscuts on wood inventory. You will find variations of the two, such as a sliding miter saw, in which blade and the saw motor can be pulled forward a short distance, a little. A amateur carpenter does not need to put money into an entire set of tools, but just particular tools are required. This article describes the features to search for when purchasing a band saw for your wood store. This article explains the features to look for when purchasing a ring saw for your timber shop. Wood can take unique forms, including solid wood, laminate, chipboard and can be offered in boards, pieces or panels. The Reciprocating Saw includes a slender triangular blade and what is known as a revolver handle. You can cut your timber in full panel in the round hole with this observed. For little DIY and cosmetic work, choosing wood that is much easier to use will considerably simplify the tasks to be done in woodworking. A Layout Square is a priceless woodworking tool. I’m in the shop, I keep one in nail pouch or my pocket. The operator shouldn’t reach or create any fence or knife adjustments while the blade is still moving. The energy saw must be managed by experienced folks to avoid accidents. The sabre saw makes cutting simpler by gliding forth and back. The mallet is a remarkable instrument consisting of a handle and a striking head to absorb the impact between the instrument and the material. A Utility Knife using a locking mechanism which utilizes disposable razor blades is yet another very important tool for the woodworker. Beech, oak and chestnut are woods which are simple to work with compared to others. With the correct tools enables you to be more efficient throughout the work, but also prevents damage to the wood. This jig may be used to straighten the edges of many different sizes of planks using nothing more than your table saw. To reduce in the center of a sheet of wood, the sabre saw is ideal because it works like a jigsaw but without obliterating to start the cutting having an edge. In design, finishing is the very profitable ultimate step in woodworking. When working with a Table Saw, Miter Saw, etc.. never put your hands anywhere near the moving blade, especially when trying to eliminate waste or cut-offs. Wait the cut-off is reached for by then and until the blade has stopped moving. Having the proper tools allows you to be more efficient during the work, but also prevents damage to the timber. In addition to woodworking programs, there are a number of shop accessories which make woodworking jobs safer and simpler to complete. In many cases, these are just jigs which can be constructed in the woodshop. Woodworking jigs are useful for making somewhat difficult tasks easier and consistently repeatable. Most woodworking jigs that may be purchased commercially can be home made. Discover how to make these easy and effective woodworking jigs in such incremental free woodworking plans. Though the table saw is most probably the workhorse of the woodshop, based on figures, it’s probably also the most dangerous. A table saw can be quite unforgiving many a woodworker has lost a finger, hand or worse to this tool. Dry wood is much easier to use, especially poplar, fir and ashes. The framework and hacksaw can be used for cutting PVCwood or metal, it’s necessary to choose it based on the material you will need to reduce. Oak timber is widely utilised in design due to its many qualities as it can be used indoors or outdoors. The Chisel is another vital woodworking tool. A finely-sharpened chisel is perfect for cleaning waste out from mortises and joints. I love to maintain one all 1/4″, 1/2″, 3/4″ and 1″ width bevel-edged chisels within easy reach. The belt sander is probably the most widely used version in grinding because it is equipped with a interchangeable abrasive belt which is perfect for trimming large surfaces like parquet. Working with wood requires a little skill, but also some tools that are vital for an excellent realization. Oak wood is widely utilised in carpentry because of its many qualities since it may be used indoors or outside. To lower in the center of a slice of wood, the sabre saw is ideal since it works like a jigsaw but without obliterating to begin the cutting with an edge.	<urn:uuid:bba7b52d-c1a2-4391-ba14-19ab3d2072ec>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://neandernews.com/woodworking/how-to-make-a-wood-greeting-card-display-stand/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz	en	0.955369	1,527	2.21875	2
IT systems are important in almost all areas of life. The Master's program in Applied Computer Science equips students with comprehensive interdisciplinary knowledge that enables them to cope with the dynamic nature of high technology. While the program is methodologically oriented, it also emphasizes considerations regarding applications, independent of any particular short-lived, fashionable trends. Through numerous options, students are able to set their own individual focus of study. In doing so, they can choose basic and specialization modules from the following research areas: - software, security, and verification - embedded and distributed systems - intelligent systems - algorithms and complexity. The Master's program in Applied Computer Science is a full-time, classroom-based degree program with a standard program duration of four semesters. In addition to the research areas students can choose from, topics including law, organizational psychology, and business management are covered to prepare them for leadership roles. There is also, as in the Bachelor's program, an application subject: Options include engineering disciplines such as electrical engineering, logistics, mechanical engineering, and robotics, for example, as well as the business-related subject of service-oriented computer science. If you have successfully completed a relevant Bachelor's degree (especially Computer Science or Applied Computer Science), you have generally proven that you possess the necessary knowledge and skills. As a prerequisite for enrollment, a relevant (Computer Science) Bachelor's degree is usually required (with a grade of 2.5 or better). Graduates of the Bachelor's programs at TU Dortmund University in Computer Science and Applied Computer Science with a grade of 2.5 or better meet the enrollment requirements in any case and may be able to switch to the Master's program during a semester. The Master's access committee for Computer Science and Applied Computer Science decides which degrees are recognized and whether access to the Master's program is possible despite poor grades or under specified conditions. The career prospects after studying Computer Science (Computer Science and Applied Computer Science alike) are among the best of all subjects. The reason for this is the extraordinary penetration of IT systems into nearly all areas of life and business. As a result, the demand for computer scientists is extremely high. Also noteworthy is the fact that these jobs are relatively independent of the ups and downs of business cycles. Graduates in Dortmund will find it easy to start their professional lives, not least because of the variety of attractive employers in the neighboring technology park and more generally because of the international visibility of the IT scene in the region. During the Master's program, you collaborate in project groups and in the process get a foretaste of your future career. As a participant, you work in different areas of responsibility; you learn to cooperatively develop, document, and present a project. Here you will also acquire important soft skills that employers demand. At the end of the group project, a larger software product will have been created that you not only can be proud of, but also can use as the basis for further topical specialization during your studies, for example for the Master's thesis. Search & People Search Location & approach The campus of TU Dortmund University is located close to interstate junction Dortmund West, where the Sauerlandlinie A 45 (Frankfurt-Dortmund) crosses the Ruhrschnellweg B 1 / A 40. The best interstate exit to take from A 45 is “Dortmund-Eichlinghofen” (closer to South Campus), and from B 1 / A 40 “Dortmund-Dorstfeld” (closer to North Campus). Signs for the university are located at both exits. Also, there is a new exit before you pass over the B 1-bridge leading into Dortmund. To get from North Campus to South Campus by car, there is the connection via Vogelpothsweg/Baroper Straße. We recommend you leave your car on one of the parking lots at North Campus and use the H-Bahn (suspended monorail system), which conveniently connects the two campuses. TU Dortmund University has its own train station (“Dortmund Universität”). From there, suburban trains (S-Bahn) leave for Dortmund main station (“Dortmund Hauptbahnhof”) and Düsseldorf main station via the “Düsseldorf Airport Train Station” (take S-Bahn number 1, which leaves every 15 or 30 minutes). The university is easily reached from Bochum, Essen, Mülheim an der Ruhr and Duisburg. You can also take the bus or subway train from Dortmund city to the university: From Dortmund main station, you can take any train bound for the Station “Stadtgarten”, usually lines U41, U45, U 47 and U49. At “Stadtgarten” you switch trains and get on line U42 towards “Hombruch”. Look out for the Station “An der Palmweide”. From the bus stop just across the road, busses bound for TU Dortmund University leave every ten minutes (445, 447 and 462). Another option is to take the subway routes U41, U45, U47 and U49 from Dortmund main station to the stop “Dortmund Kampstraße”. From there, take U43 or U44 to the stop “Dortmund Wittener Straße”. Switch to bus line 447 and get off at “Dortmund Universität S”. The AirportExpress is a fast and convenient means of transport from Dortmund Airport (DTM) to Dortmund Central Station, taking you there in little more than 20 minutes. From Dortmund Central Station, you can continue to the university campus by interurban railway (S-Bahn). A larger range of international flight connections is offered at Düsseldorf Airport (DUS), which is about 60 kilometres away and can be directly reached by S-Bahn from the university station. The H-Bahn is one of the hallmarks of TU Dortmund University. There are two stations on North Campus. One (“Dortmund Universität S”) is directly located at the suburban train stop, which connects the university directly with the city of Dortmund and the rest of the Ruhr Area. Also from this station, there are connections to the “Technologiepark” and (via South Campus) Eichlinghofen. The other station is located at the dining hall at North Campus and offers a direct connection to South Campus every five minutes. The facilities of TU Dortmund University are spread over two campuses, the larger Campus North and the smaller Campus South. Additionally, some areas of the university are located in the adjacent “Technologiepark”.	<urn:uuid:b90e5554-1d1d-4052-a656-13e932d79bb4>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.tu-dortmund.de/en/studies/degree-programs/msc-applied-computer-science/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.929635	1,424	1.976563	2
Autumn decoration 2020: ideas for do-it-yourself autumn wreaths made of natural materials Nature’s autumn gifts are a wonderful material for making a door wreath. Colorful leaves, rowan berries, acorns, chestnuts and flowers decorate the house entrance and create a pleasant atmosphere in the entrance area. Of course, you can also put the autumn wreaths on the table or hang them in the window! Take a look at the most beautiful ideas for do-it-yourself autumn wreaths made of natural materials! Instructions for a colorful autumn wreath made of leaves The green maple leaves turn into a bright red and fiery yellow in autumn! Due to their beautiful colors, they offer a visual pleasure and are perfect as handicraft material for a lush autumn wreath. All you need is a straw wreath, colorful maple leaves, and floral wire, also called binding wire. First attach the beginning of the floral wire to the blank by wrapping the wire around the blank once and twisting the end in place. Then place some leaves on the wreath and tie them around the blank with green floral wire. Arrange the sheets so that they cover the blank from the outside, top and inside. Also, squeeze the leaves a little at the leaf nerve so that they bend and protrude a little, rather than just lying flat on the frame. It should be wrapped as tightly as possible, but not too tight. Then wrap the next row of leaves on the wreath so that it covers the wire from the previous one. It is worked in a spiral until the whole wreath is covered with leaves. Finally, make a hanger so you can hang the wreath on the door! Autumn wreaths with chestnuts Chestnuts are a particularly popular handicraft material in autumn. The brown, smooth balls fascinate young and old and are ideal for autumn decorations. Chestnut wreaths are also among the most beautiful craft ideas. Just make sure that you need a lot of chestnuts for a large autumn wreath. You also need: a Styrofoam blank, a hot glue gun, orange crepe paper, decorative tape and other decorations. First, wrap the entire blank with the crepe paper. Alternatively, you can paint the white styrofoam with a dark color. Then start gluing the large chestnuts onto the wreath. Then move on to the smaller ones. Finally, fill in the gaps with other natural materials such as moss, acorns and walnut shells and decorate the wreath with raffia bows. The chestnut wreath also cuts a fine figure on the windowsill The brown chestnuts also go well with green ivy and red berries You can also fill the gaps between the chestnuts with moss Poppy capsules also look particularly decorative in an autumn wreath Heather branches add texture and color Autumn wreaths with hydrangeas Even if many hydrangeas often look brown and dried out from afar in autumn, they have not withered, but simply change the color of their flowers. Mostly they shine in strong dark pink and green and blend in perfectly with the autumn garden. This autumn color makes it ideal as an autumn decoration. Make your own autumn wreath from hydrangeas If you touch the hydrangea flower balls in late autumn, you will notice that they are hard. This is an important indication that these have already matured enough to be processed into wonderful autumn wreaths. If you are using a styrofoam wreath, wrap it with satin ribbon. For an interesting look, combine autumn hydrangeas in different colors such as purple, beige and white. Autumn wreath made of hydrangeas and moss Dried up hydrangea flowers, cones and cinnamon sticks are a combination full of warmth and charm that make long autumn and winter evenings more pleasant. A wreath of dried plants can also act as a potpourri – just drizzle with a little cinnamon or orange essential oil. You can also add dried orange peel. If you prefer the minimalist look, you can try this fall decorating idea Combine with chrysanthemums in wicker baskets in front of the house entrance that cheerfully welcome residents and guests Hydrangea wreaths also go perfectly with the chalet living style Inspiration for your Provencal kitchen or living room in Provence style. Lavender, checked patterns and an autumn hydrangea wreath create the shabby chic look Late summer living room and a hydrangea wreath on the coffee table Autumn wreaths with rowan berries From late summer to winter we are delighted with the bright red berries of the mountain ash. And even after the rowan tree loses its leaves in winter, the berries that grow on umbels stick to the tree. To make this wreath out of rowan berries, you could proceed as with the instructions with the leaves. It is also not necessary to wrap the blank with bunches of berries from below. Finally, hide the ends of the last bouquet under the first bouquet and decorate the wreath with a bow in a contrasting color. Autumn wreath with berries and nuts for the table The red berries especially come into their own when they contrast. So you can best combine these with beige-brown acorns, nuts and pine cones. Accents in yellow such as yellow leaves or a yellow bast ribbon. Autumn wreath made of dried flowers Say goodbye to summer with a beautiful autumn wreath of dried flowers. It will last a very long time and has a wonderful boho flair. Arrangements made from dried flowers exude a rural charm and remind us of the transience of life. For the production of dried flowers, roses are the absolute classic. They also look spectacular on an autumn willow wreath. Here are 3 methods you can use to preserve roses. Spray the dried flowers with hairspray to keep their color longer. Autumn wreaths with physalis The orange fruits of the lantern flower can be used for all kinds of pretty decorations in autumn. It is best to cut off whole stems for this. Make sure that the capsules should be fresh because then they are still soft and won’t break. In late autumn the lanterns gradually begin to decompose until only a filigree framework surrounds the berries. So if you make a wreath with physalis, it will dry up decoratively over time. Combine physalis lanterns with dried flowers As you can see in this example, yellow and purple also go wonderfully with orange. The yellow flowers of the Craspedia, also called ‘drumsticks’, are a great eye-catcher next to romantic mini roses and delicate gypsophila in this colorful wreath. The orange lantern flowers also come into their own in combination with green ivy A wreath with bright orange lantern flowers will be an eye-catcher on the garden fence Rowan berries and lantern flowers in orange harmonize perfectly with potpourri and hydrangea blossoms in purple Dried echinops, better known as the blue milk thistles, add great accents Autumn wreath with apples Autumn time is apple time! You can not only enjoy the delicious fruits in cakes and jams, but also process them into a beautiful autumn wreath. For this craft project, you will need: lots of apples, a wire hanger, pliers, a crochet hook to drill holes in the apples. A few sprigs of hops, rose hips, and wild grape complete the look. - Use the pliers to bend the wire bracket into a circular shape - Now the hard part – you need to “unscrew” the point where the ends of the hanger join, being careful not to cut a piece of wire. - Then you need to pierce the apples with the wire. It is easier to work from the bottom up. - Repeat the step until there is no more room. In this example there are exactly 21 apples on the wire bow. - Then twist the wire ends together again. - Finally, decorate the wreath with vine and hop branches. This wreath is best for outdoors. If the temperature is low, the apples will last longer. Fruit flies are also not welcome indoors. You can also tie a bouquet of rose hips at the very top in the middle The post Herbstdeko 2020: Ideas for do-it-yourself autumn wreaths made of natural materials appeared first on Deavita.com \| Home ideas, design, hairstyles, make-up, lifestyle, health and beauty tips.	<urn:uuid:eeb4a1d0-2c88-4cea-84bc-ebb5c5bd5105>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://decorobject.com/magazine/autumn-decoration-2020-ideas-for-do-it-yourself-autumn-wreaths-made-of-natural-materials/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.921818	1,830	1.671875	2
Containment barriers are utilized in temporarily partitioning off work zones from unaffected areas. - When a water incident occurs, building materials are often removed and these barriers protect the remainder of your home or business - In constructing these barriers, it creates work chambers that allow for dust control, moisture management and protection of contamination - While planning our containment strategy, we will identify entry points into the building and protect all floors associated with entry and work areas - Prior to protection, floors will be cleaned using vacuums with HEPA filtration to remove dirt, dust and debris - Installation of floor to ceiling plastic will occur and access points will be built while maintaining adequate air flow within the building - At the end of each workday all floors associated with access points outside of containments will be vacuumed to remove all dust and small debris particles - A final phase inspection will be conducted to confirm that all barriers are in place and that separation between work zones and unaffected areas has occurred	<urn:uuid:fab2e75a-554e-4012-a8da-d8e87b09ebba>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://skcope.com/emergency-services/water-and-flood-damage/containment/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.925857	199	2.5625	3
Business News - Opportunities - Reviews The far-right Alternative for Germany party won far more than 94 seats in the Bundestag this week. It also gained access to taxpayer funding worth millions of euros and other official support that will help amplify its message. German law provides government funding for political parties based on their share of the vote, once they’ve crossed a threshold that can be as low as 0.5%. By reaching a stunning 12.6% in this week’s elections and winning its first seats in parliament, the AfD will receive money from the federal government for party activities, as well as other support such as office space and promotion on parliament’s official website. Given Germany’s history and strict anti-hate speech laws, the thought of state support for the AfD alarms those in the country who fear some of the party’s messages. The party has become known for its online advocacy and use of memes focusing on nationalism, anti-immigration and anti-‘Islamism.’ Members of the party have called for an end to what they call “the cult of guilt” around the country’s history with the Holocaust and have advocated against “the creation of mixed peoples.” One billboard for the party featured a pregnant white woman and the message “New Germans? We’ll make them ourselves.” The idea that parliament will be used as an official stage for such points of view brings to mind the Weimar era, the time that led up to the Adolf Hilter and the Nazi’s rise in Germany, said professor Anna von der Goltz, of Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service. The AfD is so politically toxic, it’s unlikely that they’ll find any partners in the Bundestag. “The Weimar era parliament was famously polarized and fragmented, so it conjures up lots of memories of the 1920s and and 1930s and those are deeply uncomfortable to most Germans,” von der Goltz said. “Anything that smacks of somewhat racist pro-natalism is very suspect to Germans, so those images of a pregnant white woman and the slogan saying ‘We’ll make our own Germans’ … smacks of the Nazi-era population policies.” Jeffrey Gedim, a senior fellow at the Atlantic Council, said that while the AfD’s character as a party is not yet fully formed, the “vile and dangerous elements” of the party are drowning out the “more mainstream anti-establishment insurgent voices” and alarming to people. “The proof is in the pudding. A lot of Germans find this very unsettling for reasons, in particular, because of their history and dark past and because this is something new in politics at the national level. A lot of Germans were convinced that the AfD would get in the Bundestag but not that they’d get double digits,” Gedim said. AfD has received some federal and state level funds since it was founded in 2013, when it won a little over 4% of the vote but fell just short of the threshold to enter the national parliament. This week’s result means the party will have much more cash to promote its beliefs, as well as a high-profile platform. Under German law, political parties receive federal funds depending on how many votes the party gained in the most recent election, weighed alongside the amount of money the party already has in its coffers. For federal elections, the parties receive one euro per vote up to four million votes, then 0.83 cents per additional vote. The parties also receive 0.45 cents for every euro the party receives in private donations. The full amount the AfD will receive as a result of Sunday’s election has not yet been determined because the final official results have not yet been published. Dr. Jackson Janes, president of the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies at Johns Hopkins University, said the funds can be used to shore up the party’s support across the country and for state level races. “This will give the AfD a chance to have more of a platform that will allow them to reach out to the public at large and not just around rallies that led up to the election,” Janes said. “They’ll have more capacity to present themselves to the public at large. It will be interesting to see how they use that source of support to create platforms that make them look like they aren’t just opposition forces that are coming across with outrageous slogans.” In addition to funding for the political party, the AfD will also receive funding for a political foundation, as the other major parties do. The foundation is a sort of think tank that does research and outreach abroad, and is often named after a German historical figure. “The notion that taxes are now going to flow to this party and not only can they fund their own parliamentary work and campaigns, they can set up their own political foundation … there will be a lot of anxiety about that and what that will be named after. There’s fear they’d name it after a big right-wing figure.” The AfD’s new status also means greater access to free airtime granted to political parties for its commercials on state television and radio, some of the most popular channels in the country. The commercials run in the six weeks leading up to elections. The next federal election is four years away but voters in the state of Lower Saxony go to the polls next month. CNNMoney (New York) First published September 26, 2017: 9:49 PM ET Business News - Opportunities - Reviews	<urn:uuid:b0aee95e-94b9-4ccd-a1d7-dd5ae7dda58f>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://1business.org/germanys-far-right-party-will-get-millions-more-in-taxpayer-cash/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz	en	0.971942	1,208	1.59375	2
Practical Course Semantic Web Technologies Summer Term 2019 Note: this course does not give an introduction to Semantic Web, but builds upon the knowledge from the Semantic Web WS 2018/19 lecture. The next introductory course to Semantic Web will prospectively take place in WS 2019/20. Prof. Dr. Wolfgang May Lars Runge, M.Sc., Sebastian Schrage, M.Sc. Date and Time: Friday 14-18, depending on how long the course takes. The course meeting will not take place every week. Room: IFI 2.101 (North Campus) The course yields 6 ECTS-credits; it is graded (=benotet) - Successful participation in the module "Semantic Web" - Successful participation in the "General Programming Lab/Allgemeines Programmierpraktikum" (or an equivalent course). The practical course builds upon the lecture Semantic Web. Among other sources, the Mondial database in RDF format Documentation: use the slides from the Semantic Web lecture (the full slide set can be found The course takes place in groups of 3-4 persons. There will be several Usually, for every unit there is a course meeting, and additionally individual meetings with the groups. Potential topics include: - More exercises with SPARQL - Linked Open Data, distributed Queries in SPARQL (e.g. using Wikidata), Multilinguality based on RDF (Wikidata, DBpedia) - RDF/OWL with Java I: Jena - RDF/OWL with Java II: RDF4J (ex-Sesame), OWL-API (OWL Manchester Syntax) - OWL Reasoning: rule-based internal Jena (Datalog-style) Reasoner vs. Pellet DL Reasoner - Openllet (open source continuation of the Pellet reasoner) - Ontology Generation (Protege-Tool) - Querying and analyzing OWL Metadata (which is not easily possible with only SPARQL) - RDF Databases/Data Management (with updates etc.), Data Acquisition/Consolidation - OWL puzzles - SWRL rules - Web Services (aside: basically a simple thing, and a good way to make the above - (Friday 19.4.: holiday - easter weekend) - 1. Meeting 26.4. (Friday), 14-16 ct SR 2.101: Introduction, Formalities, SPARQL revisited Exercises: SPARQL - to be discussed until 10.5.2019. 3.5.: Linked Open Data. Mondial as LOD example. Other examples: Wikidata and its Modeling. DBPedia, Yago, ... Some examples for HTML LOD SPARQL endpoints with Web forms to explore these sources: Syntax of SPARQL functions and operators: An URL-encoding service can be found here 10.5.: RDF/RDFS/OWL and SPARQL and Java. The Jena API. 17.5.: no course - from now on, the course takes place in SR -1.101 because the Smartboard in 2.101 is dead. 24.5.: Rule-based Reasoning: RDFS, OWL-RL, Rules in Jena; the internal rule-based Jena reasoner. The new semweb-23-mai-2019.jar (ist jetzt nur noch 20MB gross, dafür ist nicht mehr alles dreimal drin ...). 31.5.: no course (30.5. is Himmelfahrt holiday) 7.6.: OWL-API (Manchester-Syntax for OWL/DL ), Hermit, Protege (Ontology editing; supports also SWRL rules in Manchester Syntax) Slides: OwlAPI, Hermit, Protege - 14.6.: 13:00 2.101. Besprechung von Aufgaben, Fragen etc., - 21.6., 13:00: RDF4J (ex-Sesame, now with Eclipse Foundation), Discussion of Exercise Sheet 4 - 28.6., 13:00: Discussion of Exercises Web-Server-Technology, HTTP, Servlets. Slides: Web Services Installation instructions for tomcat XQuery Demo Servlet as .war-file Servlet Demo Source Code - 5.7., 13:00: Discussion of Exercises ... - 12.7., 13:00: Discussion of Exercises ... Anmeldung in FlexNow bis 21.7.2019 - TO BE EXTENDED basically the same as in the Lecture, but updated (subject to change and extension) Apache JENA ( is a free and open source Java framework for building Semantic Web and Linked Data applications. The course uses a lightweight housemade shell interface to Jena with Pellet for querying in a still experimental unstable version: If something does not work, send us an email. Raptor RDF Syntax Library - Raptor RDF parser utility - access URLs as RDF client	<urn:uuid:427090d4-d834-4266-9e3c-cbc0c05d2e87>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	http://cleansky-itn.org/Teaching/SWPr-SS19/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00264.warc.gz	en	0.66685	1,225	2.078125	2
Click HERE to access the BrainFacts textbook PDF, which contains an overview of the neuroscience topics used in the Brain Bee. Study Guide for the Vermont Brain Bee Competition HERE Meet with Neuroscience tutors weekly on Zoom! - Tuesday Afternoons: 3:15-4:15 pm - Wednesday Mornings: 7:15-8:15 am - Register for Wednesday sessions here Practical Section Resources Helpful Introductory Videos - Functional anatomy of neurons – part 1 - Functional anatomy of neurons – part 2 - Action potential - Brain and anatomy - Neuroscience In Two Minutes	<urn:uuid:b6884556-d104-498b-b008-791aa12811c3>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	http://vermontbrainbee.com/main-resources/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00264.warc.gz	en	0.71131	125	1.601563	2
Oakview Chiropractic Center Conditions In Omaha, NE When you struggle with pain and dysfunction, you need to know what you can do to relieve your issues. Fortunately, chiropractic care can resolve many problems with the spine, muscles, ligaments and tendons without invasive surgeries. Oakview Chiropractic Center in Omaha, NE offers several treatments for a variety of conditions, so you can resolve your pain and get back to living the life you love. There are many types of conditions patients may have, and we're happy to look into treating any condition that affects the spine or joints in the body as a whole. Some of the common conditions we treat at our office include: - Bulging discs - Degenerative disc disease - Herniated and slipped discs - Spinal Stenosis - Personal Injuries Types of Treatments Each kind of injury requires its own specialized treatment plan. Every patient has an individual plan suited to the injury and specific issues they are encountering. Here's a little more on each type of treatment offered at our office. - Chiropractic adjustments: Realigning the spine helps adjust the vertebrae and relieve pressure on the nerves. This improves circulation and blood flow while simultaneously relieving pressure and pain in many instances. - Pediatric chiropractic care: Even young children can have spinal misalignments. Gentle chiropractic care can hep relieve growing pains and reduce dysfunction from an early age. - Spinal decompression: By decompressing the spine, it's possible to relieve numerous back issues including lower back pain, sciatica and neck pain. - Chiropractic BioPhysics: This treatment, called CBP, uses biology - Massage cupping: Encouraging better blood flow and circulation, cupping helps heal the muscles, ligaments and tendons. - Massage: Similarly to cupping, massage encourages better blood flow and circulation, which aids the healing process. Specialized Treatment Options Keep in mind that every patient a chiropractor sees is different. You may require specialized treatment, like PEMF, or Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy. This technique uses electromagnetism to encourage pain relief, enhanced circulation, arthritis symptom relief, nerve tissue repair and even mood disorder treatment. This treatment is modern and particularly rare in chiropractic offices, making our office one of few places where you can receive this extraordinary treatment. Contact Oakview Chiropractic In Omaha Today! Whether you've been suffering from long-term pain or immobility, it's possible to get the help you need to feel comfortable in your own body. You can make an appointment online with our chiropractor by calling our office at (402) 334-0840. We are waiting to take your call and look forward to helping you achieve health and wellness in your life.	<urn:uuid:be4bd204-b434-4bf1-9ac8-05a26994749a>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.oakviewchiropractic.com/conditions-treated	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.918631	611	1.609375	2
Welcome to a reflection based on the happenings in Florida and its dealings with merit pay and standardized testing. I have tried to present a little message I call “Forget Learning… Just Start Learn’en’ Them More!”. Please take a moment to read and I encourage your reply and thoughts! Remember, I also invite you to subscribe by email or RSS . As always, please give a follow on twitter (@mjgormans) and I will return the favor. Check out the video link provided at the bottom… it relates with this post! Have a great read and wonderful week! – Mike For those watching the educational news stories this week, Florida had to be a major place of interest. Governor Charles Crist crossed party lines and put the veto on controversial Senate Bill 6 that promoted a form of merit pay for teachers. While all could argue the assets and liabilities of merit pay for teachers, what stood out to me was the direct link of teacher pay to student standardized test scores. I am a believer in necessary educational transformation that puts students at the center of their learning, employs rigorous real world applications to facilitate curricular standards, integrates appropriate and engaging technology, and facilitates those important 21st Century skills. It is very difficult to comprehend how linking teacher effectiveness exclusively to standardized testing achieves results that prepare today’s students for their future. For this reason, I have started a list that I call Forget Learning… Just Start Learn’en Them More! Since “Learn’en Them” is my own phrase, I will define it as putting information in students’ heads. This process of teaching can be successfully spot measured on some standardized tests, but Learn’en Them is on the opposite end of the spectrum from Real Learning. While some may see my list as a tribute to Standardized Testing, I call it a look into the future… if all merits are based on the results of Standardized Testing. My List: Forget Learning, Just Start Learn’en Them More Forget about inquiry, problem solving, and reflection, it is not efficient… just start learn’en them more. Relationship building, where on the test is that?… just start learn’en them more. A “Whole New Mind”, the right brain takes too much time… just start learn’en them more. Children at the center of their learning, way too confusing and inexperienced… just start learn’en them more. Making connections with the real world, it’s all in the textbook… just start learn’en them more. Networking with parents and community, where are they on the test?… just start learn’en them more. Collaboration with other students, the teacher has the test knowledge… just start learn’en them more. Technology integration, a worksheet will do and it’s a lot easier.. just start learn’en them more. Listening to a student, takes valuable lecture time away… just start learn’en them more. No Bloom’s Taxonomy, Pavlov’s conditioning will do just fine… just start learn’en them more. Their future? what’s the matter with our past?… just start learn’en them more. I could continue on… but I invite you to join me with at least one reply. It would sure help my own learn’en! Merit pay based on standardized testing… Where’s the Merit? To me it seems like the easy way out. We can reward teachers for filling kids heads with stuff, and as more stuff is found we find ways to fill their heads even more. After stuffing their cognitive functions with all this stuff, we can then check our success by testing a fraction of a percent of that stuff. Or… we can transform education by providing professional development that puts students at the center of their learning, employs rigorous real world applications to facilitate curricular standards, integrates appropriate and engaging technology, and facilitates those important 21st Century skills. It will not be an easy way out, but our students may just pass the test of providing a successful and rewarding future for themselves and their own children. Thanks for joining me on yet another journey towards transforming education for the 21st Century! I also invite you to take a moment to view this video. It provides a great reflection on Standardized Testing! Please take a moment to share with others and if you are on twitter, give it an RT. Remember, I invite you to subscribe to this blog by RSS or email, and don’t forget to follow me on twitter at (@mjgormans). Feel free to explore the wealth of resources I have for you at my 21centuryedtech Wiki. Now take a moment to reply/share and then… forget learn’en them more, and just start learning! – Have a great week! – Mike	<urn:uuid:75d6269a-34c5-4dc5-95ce-a394da4d1e0a>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://21centuryedtech.wordpress.com/2010/04/17/merit-pay-forget-learning-just-start-learnen-them-more/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.927644	1,024	1.84375	2
Jan 29, 2015Cutting Coverage? The 12 athletic trainers were employed by Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center and Forsyth Medical Center, with six coming from each hospital. Each athletic trainer was placed at one of the high schools to work full-time at practices, games, and tournaments. In exchange, the schools provided advertising for the hospitals at sporting events. North Carolina mandates high schools to have a first responder or certified athletic trainer on-site for athletic events, and full-time coverage is encouraged. However, the Forsyth County School District would be strained to employ full-time athletic trainers without outside help. District spokesperson Theo Helm told the Winston Salem Journal that the district’s funding options are limited and that it is not yet considering other sources of support to keep the athletic trainers until the hospitals’ contract decision is finalized. “I am stunned that at this point in time, when our state has increased legal guidelines for athletes with concussions, and athlete deaths make headlines all over the country, that we would be facing this situation,” Katy Martin, Athletic Trainer at Carver High School, told the Winston Salem Journal. “I am concerned that it is happening now, right before football season, and also without enough time to provide more money for medical supplies and first responders in a school’s budget for the fiscal year. You can’t have a practice without at least having a first responder there.” The program cost approximately $1 million for equipment, supplies, and the athletic trainers’ salaries. However, the contract between the school district and hospitals was set on an annual basis in order to continually evaluate its effectiveness and needs. We recently talked to Forsyth County School District Athletic Director Greg Gentry about this program for our sister publication, Athletic Management. You can read the article here.	<urn:uuid:fcb1fe7e-9223-4131-952c-9d68d72c23d5>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://training-conditioning.com/news/cutting-coverage/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.963493	376	1.875	2
Latest Cyber-Security Attack on Hospital Brings More Attention to the Threat of Health Care Hackers (Part 2 of 3) Friday, March 4, 2016 By George F. Indest IV, Director of System Services, The Health Law Firm, andGeorge F. Indest III, J.D., M.P.A., LL.M., Board Certified by The Florida Bar in Health Law(Part two of a three-part blog)You would think that health care professionals, who are saving lives every day at busy hospitals, wouldn’t have to worry about cyber-attacks or protecting network computers. However, recent events have put this security threat at the top of the list. Recent cyber-attacks such as the one at Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center just the latest example of a U.S. medical provider on the wrong end of a digital assault made possible by a lack of security measures. It seems that cyber criminals are targeting hospitals in the belief that because of the nature of the work, they are more likely to pay up. This is a three-part blog series on cyber-attacks on hospitals and health care systems, click here to read part one. Hollywood Hospital Hackers.In the recent case, a prominent hospital in California, Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center, was forced to pay hackers $17,000 in bitcoin in order to unlock its computer systems. The hackers took control of the system by using ransomware, which is a type of malware that can only be unlocked when the ransom sum is paid. It seems that hospitals have become a bulls eye for cyber-attacks, which only reaffirms the need for cyber-security measures to be put in place to stop these types of attacks. Hospitals are put at a stand still when they cannot access their computer systems which contain valuable patient information and often are the life source for key tools for running medical equipment. Not only is the protection of patient information important, cases like this recent one, can diminish staff morale and even the hospital’s reputation for care. Cyber-Security Measures.Hospitals, more than other professional environments, need to prepare for a cyber-attack just as they would prepare for a natural disaster, sudden influx of patients or other emergency situation. It is not clear in the Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center case, how the hackers infected the computer systems. However, it could have been as easily as a hospital staff member clicking on a malicious link or attachment in an email. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) previously issued an alert on cyber-security guidelines for medical devices and hospital networks. Click here to read it. According to the FDA, there are steps and precautions to take, to fight back against these cyber criminals: 1. Restricting unauthorized access to the network and networked medical devices. 2. Making certain appropriate antivirus software and firewalls are up-to-date. 3. Monitoring network activity for unauthorized use. 4. Protecting individual network components through routine and periodic evaluation, including updating security patches and disabling all unnecessary ports and services. 5. Contacting the specific device manufacturer if you think you may have a cybersecurity problem related to a medical device. If you are unable to determine the manufacturer or cannot contact the manufacturer, the FDA and DHS ICS-CERT may be able to assist in vulnerability reporting and resolution. 6. Developing and evaluating strategies to maintain critical functionality during adverse conditions.Think Before You Click.With cyber criminals becoming more aggressive, it’s important that every staff member is more conscience when they are clicking on links and attachments in emails. Hackers are becoming more sophisticated and finding ways to get around anti-virus software. You are essentially your own firewall, be aware of anything you open or click on.In addition to the FDA's recommendations above, in Part 3 of this blog, we will give some additional tips that medical groups, physicians, hospitals and other health facilities should be following to reduce the risk of a breach of security such as that experienced by Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center. Contact Experienced Health Law Attorneys.The Health Law Firm routinely represents physicians, pharmacists, pharmacies, optometrists, nurses, health facilities, healthcare related businesses, and other health providers in investigations, regulatory matters, licensing issues, civil and administrative litigation, defense of HIPAA complaints and violations, regulatory matters, inspections and audits involving the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Department of Health (DOH), matters involving the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Agency for Health Care Administration (AHCA), and other regulatory and law enforcement agencies. Its attorneys include those who are board certified by The Florida Bar in Health Law as well as licensed health professionals who are also attorneys.To contact The Health Law Firm, please call (407) 331-6620 or (850) 439-1001 and visit our website at www.TheHealthLawFirm.com.About the Authors: George F. Indest IV, is a computer systems scientist and is the Director of Systems Services at The Health Law Firm in Orlando, Florida. George F. Indest III, J.D., M.P.A., LL.M., is Board Certified by The Florida Bar in Health Law. He is the President and Managing Partner of The Health Law Firm. The Health Law Firm has a national practice. Visit our website at: www.TheHealthLawFirm.com. The Health Law Firm, 1101 Douglas Avenue, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714, Telephone: (407) 331-6620.Sources:Do, Trang. “Hospitals vulnerable to cyber attacks that can harm patients.” ABC News. (March 3, 2016). Web. Venditto, Gus. “Lessons learned from a cyber attack.” Health Care IT News. (November 3, 2015). Web.KeyWords: medical records data breach attorney, cyber-attack, cyber-security, securing patient data, ransomware, Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center, data hackers, health care IT attorneys, how to protect patient information, health care defense attorney, lawyer for health facilities, healthcare provider legal counsel, data breach defense counsel, stolen patient data, patient privacy information, health law attorney, health law, medical records security, The Health Law FirmThe Health Law Firm" is a registered fictitious business name of George F. Indest III, P.A. - The Health Law Firm, a Florida professional service corporation, since 1999.Copyright © 2016 The Health Law Firm. All rights reserved. Like this blog? Add your public comments: Items in bold indicate required information.	<urn:uuid:21772ac1-9efd-4755-92eb-d947f36cf965>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.thehealthlawfirm.com/blog/posts/latest-cyber-security-attack-on-hospital-brings-more-attention-to-the-threat-of-health-care-hackers-part-2-of-3.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.938563	1,374	1.8125	2
Regular Dental Care is Important Healthy teeth are a part of good overall health. Tooth decay can start early, so it is important for children to begin seeing a dentist by age one. Regular check-ups catch tooth decay early or prevent it in the first place. Children can learn early on that going to the dentist is safe and fun. Tips for Choosing a Dentist Look for a dentist that: Tips for Parents at the Dental Office Find a Dentist Who Accepts Medicaid It can be hard to find a dentist who accepts Iowa Medicaid. I-Smile™ can help. You can request a list of dentists accepting new patients with Iowa Medicaid. Just fill out the form below and type "dentists" in the message. A list of providers will be mailed or emailed to you. Talk to the I-Smile™ Coordinator The I-Smile™ Coordinator is just a phone call away. Help is available to answer dental questions, find a dentist and make appointments. The I-Smile™ Coordinator can help families work through barriers to dental care. Call (563) 326-8645.	<urn:uuid:88b9b3e0-ad06-4883-92bf-7ff578883141>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.scottcountyiowa.gov/node/451	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz	en	0.904437	235	2.265625	2
The most reliable automated detection of skin cancer based on artificial intelligence You love the Greek sun and sunbathing is your favorite activity during your summer holidays in Greece. However, you would like to keep your skin safe and not to worry of developing a melanoma. Yes, melanoma is the most serious skin cancer. Do you know that you can develop melanoma even if you have never had a sunburn? Do you know that melanoma is not only related to the UV exposure? Do you know that melanoma can develop in an existing mole or may look like a mole? Do you know if you are at a high risk of developing melanoma or skin cancer? If you answer “Yes” to any of the following questions, then you should have, as soon as possible, a head-to-toe skin check by the IQ Total Body Mole Mapping, the most advanced and accurate dermatologist diagnosis tool for melanoma and skin cancer. - Do you have fair skin, light-colored eyes or natural red or light hair? - Do you have a large number of moles (>50) on your body? - Do you have atypical moles? - Did you recently notice any change in a mole? - Did you have sunburns during childhood or adolescence? - Is there a personal or a family history of melanoma or skin cancer? - Do you live an outdoor lifestyle? Automated IQ Total Body Mole Mapping, in combination with digital dermatoscopy, supported by Artificial Intelligence, helps dermatologist to observe and analyze precisely any new, changed mole on your skin in order to detect any suspicious cancerous lesion much faster than before. The advanced detection system of IQ Total Body Mole Mapping, thanks to the extremely high-resolution photos and powerful image processing of all significant moles, provides dermatologist a highly accurate baseline to compare mole changes over time and create your personal record on skin cancer prevention. When melanoma can be detected early, it is most likely to be cured. The automated examination must be repeated once or twice a year if you happen to be a patient at higher risk for melanoma and skin cancer. Our award-winning One Day Clinics are skin cancer detection specialists, being the first Greek Clinics to introduce the automated total body mole mapping, while our dermatologists are well-trained and highly experienced to examine any moles of concern. So, while in Greece, consider an IQ Total Body Mole Mapping and contact us on +30 210 6100900. Arranging your personalized consultation is a pleasure for our professional and friendly medical staff.	<urn:uuid:c25d412d-d5d1-4779-bfce-6b16f98a7b50>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.elitour.org/news/iq-total-body-mole-mapping/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz	en	0.933104	538	2.03125	2
A common sign of depression is sleep disturbance, not being able to fall asleep as well as waking up one or several times during the night or waking up before you are ready to wake up. It’s also a common sign of a new baby in the house, worrying about something, feeling stressed and anxious, and various other things similar to what I’ve listed. This exercise is excellent although it will take some practice and patience. You can’t do it once or twice and give up because you don’t think it’s going to work. This article explains why it will work for just about everything except someone snoring very loudly right next to you or living within feet of train tracks and it’s a much better solution than drugs that can be addicting like Ambien. Now, if your doctor prescribes Ambien for you please take it. You should do what your medical doctor tells you to do. However, you might also give this exercise a try and see how it goes. Good sleep is essential for good mental health. If you aren’t getting enough sleep your symptoms will likely increase, not decrease, something you should avoid if at all possible. Read this article. It could be a real health saver, mental and physical.	<urn:uuid:91c9d434-9117-4ed8-8d06-53bfa2704da8>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.mjklimenko.com/need-sleep-now/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.958253	261	2.34375	2
In December 2021, the Wall Street Journal reported that three-quarters of US workers were stressed or burnt out by work. That number was up from 55% of workers just six months before. These findings impact businesses across the country. Employee stress is on the rise, which can have significant effects on our company. Employee burnout often causes workers to leave their jobs for more satisfying work elsewhere. Fortunately, there are some tips that can help prevent this from happening in your company. Read on to learn more about the solutions to this problem! Value Your Employee's Work One way to reduce employee burnout is showing greater appreciation for their work. There are several ways you can do this. One option is celebrating successful projects with a catered meal on the company’s dollar. Quality food is often a satisfying reward for people; it also gives your employees a chance to foster deeper interpersonal relationships. Another approach is to survey your teams to determine what tokens of appreciation they may like to receive. After a successful week or month, you can distribute gifts that people enjoy. Also, it helps to appreciate people on an individual basis. You may consider celebrating an employee’s birthday by posting about them on your social media accounts. Provide Technological Help for Workers Another source of employee stress and anxiety is overwork. People often feel they spend their time at the office doing repetitive, meaningless tasks that take away their ability to focus on more important work. There are ways to solve this problem, too. One possibility is using automation software to eliminate repetitive tasks. For example, back office software can integrate several tasks into its system. These include integrating payroll, reporting, banking, etc. Doing this allows your workers more time to focus on other tasks. Promote Work-Life Balance Increasingly, it seems like a work-life balance is impossible to maintain. The prevalence of working from home or taking work devices home allows people to work anytime, anywhere. While this is often convenient, it isn’t healthy. Instead, promote ways for your workers to retain a work-life balance. There are multiple ways to approach this. It could help to give workers more flexibility in their schedules. For example, some workers may have significant others with irregular work schedules. Letting your employees match their loved-ones schedules can give them a deeper work-life balance. It also helps to promote vacation time. Make sure that people feel comfortable taking time off when it’s appropriate. Automate Your Work Systems with Our Back Office Software These approaches can help you reduce employee burnout. However, some of these strategies may be easier said than done for your company. For example, maybe your business model can’t accommodate flexible schedules. In these cases, we strongly recommend using back office software to eliminate repetitive tasks for employees. This can eliminate significant sources of stress and make your company more productive. To that end, check out our solutions today! We provide services for several types of businesses, ranging from restaurants to offices. Find the solution you need with us today!	<urn:uuid:97034c75-af51-4223-8645-87535a282aab>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://modisoft.com/how-to-prevent-employee-burnout-turnover/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.957976	635	1.65625	2
While I was in the middle of my field research on anti-predator behaviours in Australian cattle I was also doing surveys and interviews. With the help of Local Land Services in Grafton, NSW, I sent out about 150 surveys to farmers who had registered to use poison baits to control dingoes. The surveys were a little unusual compared to the usual wildlife-conflict, farmer surveys which ask things like ‘How many animals have you lost?’ and ‘What is the total value of livestock losses for the past year?’ After eliciting some general demographic and geographic information, the questions set about uncovering what farmers thought about what animals were thinking. I’d been reading a lot about Theory of Mind – the ability that most humans have to imagine what others are thinking – and I wondered how it played into farmers’ relations with livestock and predators. During my time in Ethiopia I found that people constantly deployed theory of mind in terms of the way they imagined the worlds of other animals. Not only did they construct ideas about what predators such as hyenas were thinking but they did likewise with the livestock animals with whom they shared their houses. This stood as a marked contrast to the predominant Western view of animals as mindless grass munchers or implacable predators. Considering that rural people in Ethiopia share their lives intimately with other animals, I wondered whether the western view was a consequence of living at a distance from animals. After all, most farmers in Australia do not share their houses with their livestock and certainly don’t know every animal by name, as do Ethiopian farmers. But then maybe the Western view of animals was widespread only in academic circles. Maybe Australian farmers saw the world differently. So the surveys I sent out included questions aimed at testing this. Such questions as ‘Do your animals know when dingoes are present?’ tested whether farmers ascribed thoughts to their livestock animals. The surveys also included an option to have a face-to-face, follow-up interview and over a dozen farmers took me up on that. So I made some trips around the New South Wales tablelands to do interviews with farmers where I asked some pretty odd-ball questions about what they thought that cows, sheep, and dingoes were thinking. What I found was surprising. The Australian farmers I spoke to were little different to Ethiopian farmers in thinking and talking about what animals were thinking. Even a cattle farmer from the New England Tablelands with hundreds of acres, and thousands of animals – who had a farm manager to do the hands-on work with the animals, talked about the mental lives of his cattle. I ended up writing a book chapter about this. After discussing the ways in which Oromo farmers deployed theory of mind as a practical means to control their livestock animals I suggested that, because of fencing as a means of control in animals, Australian farmers didn’t really need to. But my findings that Australian farmers did deploy theory of mind suggest that humans can’t help but ascribe mindedness to other animals. In fact humans compulsively ascribe mental states to all manner of things, from cars to weather phenomena. And this is borne out by the results of experiments in which subjects are asked to describe sequences of animated shapes. What these experiments show is that with the exception of some people on the autism spectrum, humans readily attribute mental states to animated objects even if those objects are basic shapes such as triangles and circles. But while theory of mind may have contributed to the initial processes of domestication, I argue that it wasn’t crucial. Proof of this comes from individuals with autism who struggle to deploy theory of mind but are very adept at understanding and managing livestock animals. Temple Grandin being a case in point. Meanwhile the data came in from the camera traps. It wasn’t promising. There were thousands of images of cattle, a handful of birds, a cat, a wallaby and only three images of a wild canid. Worse still was that one of the dates on which the canid was photographed happened to be one where I wasn’t on-site collecting data on livestock. So my spatial analysis fell apart due to lack of data on predator movements. But I consoled myself with the results from my surveys and interviews. I figured these would give me something on which to base comparisons when I got to Ethiopia. It was around this time that an Ethiopian shit-storm blew up on the horizon.	<urn:uuid:b95f070e-8fb8-4475-b972-6f00da6275de>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://amonganimals.wordpress.com/2020/04/04/thinking-cattle/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00264.warc.gz	en	0.97811	905	2.21875	2
LATA Boundaries consists of polygon boundaries that represent the 3-digit Local Access and Transport Areas (LATA’s) that were created as part of the breakup of AT&T. LATA’s are regulatory boundaries unique to the telecommunications geography, and define when it is necessary to use a long distance carrier. LATA’s were originally created to group regions where one particular RBOC provided services. Generally, each LATA contains a single major metropolitan area. For example, LATA boundary 656 is given the name Denver to identify the LATA. This GIS product is not necessarily drawn around existing state or area code borders but metropolitan areas. Many area codes exist in multiple LATA’s, and many LATA’s exist in multiple area codes.	<urn:uuid:51e25016-16bc-45e3-b92b-0e0533fc4fca>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.geo-tel.com/lata-boundaries/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.898877	161	2.703125	3
The Pregnancy Discrimination Act is an amendment to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and prohibits discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical Are all employers covered by the Pregnancy Discrimination Act? No. An employer must have at least 15 employees to be subject to the Pregnancy Discrimination Act. State and City laws may vary. For example, New York State and New York City anti-discrimination laws cover employers who have 4 or more employees. What acts constitute a violation of the Pregnancy Discrimination Act? An employer cannot refuse to hire you because of your pregnancy, because of a pregnancy-related condition, or because of the prejudices of co-workers. An employer may not single out pregnancy-related conditions for special procedures to determine an employee's ability to work. It is also unlawful to retaliate against an individual for opposing employment practices that discriminate based on pregnancy or for filing a discrimination charge, testifying, or participating in any way in an investigation, proceeding, or litigation under Title VII. Is my employer required to give me maternity leave? If an employer is covered under the terms of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) see FMLA FAQ’s), it is required to give workers maternity leave. Title VII requires employers who grant leaves of absence for other types of personal non-disability reasons to grant maternity leave on the same terms. If there is a medical reason for an extended leave after childbirth, then the employer must treat the leave the same as it would treat any other request for medical or disability leave. May an employer require me to take a leave when I become pregnant? May employers fire female workers who get married? Title VII does not protect workers based on their marital status. However, if the employer fires only female workers who get married but not male workers, the employer has violated Title VII by engaging in disparate treatment, i.e. sex discrimination--it applies an employment policy only to women. When I take time off to give birth to a child, will I get my old job back? Under Title VII, the employer must treat time off from work due to pregnancy the same as any other medical condition. For example, if an employer reinstates a worker who was absent from work because he or she had the flu, the employer must reinstate a worker after childbirth.	<urn:uuid:a72bf676-7afe-4790-99d9-3876b2fa9f52>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	http://www.bchaolaw.com/practice-areas/faq-s/faq-s-pregnancy-discrimination/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00264.warc.gz	en	0.951026	509	1.90625	2
Do you have a Facebook account? How about a Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, or Google+ account? Do you know if any YouTube videos exist which show you in an unflattering light? Or have you written any posts in online forums which are political, or religious, which over-share, are rude, inflammatory, or controversial? Have you checked to see if there is any online data about yourself which could cast doubt in the minds of probing employers and HR recruitment specialists as to your suitability to the job on offer? The Increasing Importance of Digital Reputation Due to the easy access to information we enjoy in this digital age, many employers do a quick Google search on prospective job candidates for fact checking purposes and to see if their persona is likely to fit into their workplace culture. It is vital that contractors, current employees, students and job seekers are aware of what personal information they and their friends have been sharing on the web as it may make or break your chances of landing “that” job. You must be pro-active in managing your online identity. Quickly Assessing your Current Online Presence To start, go to Google and search your name and any other names you are known by and see what search results come up. You might be surprised by what you find. If you were a late 80’s/90’s child and never deleted your Myspace account it may very well pop up in your results. Mine did. Go ahead, try it. Ensure your Facebook account is set to private and ask your friends to please check with you before sharing any unsuitable photos of you. Try to avoid posting any compromising photos, posts and anything else yourself as a precautionary method. To see what your profile looks like to browsers go into your profile page and hit the settings button (A picture of a cog), choose “view as” and make sure it’s all appropriate for public viewing. Censor your Twitter tweets, you never know whose watching and set your privacy level to “protected”. If you have a LinkedIn account (if you are a professional you really need one in this day and age) make sure it is purely to do with your career and related topics. Most importantly keep it up to date and try to post a few new career related posts regularly to give people a reason to visit. Keep the personal information to a bare minimum such as contact details and anything which may improve your job chances. Remember, your online identity needs to reflect positively upon you, so don’t shoot yourself in the foot by being careless. 7 Tips for Managing your Online Identity Effectively 1. Use your real name. 2. Make sure your email address is professional and not childish. 3. Keep your online identity up to date, interesting, relevant and succinct. 4. Don’t lie as it’ll come back to bite you. 5. Post appropriate photos and information. 6. Try and be as private as possible with your online accounts. 7. If you are employed and your firm has an active blog, or interactive website make sure you check out what’s new on a regular basis as it will show your manager you are serious about your future in the business.	<urn:uuid:c1394dac-b014-45af-87a2-7c2551760f27>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.insolvencyjobs.com.au/article/dont-sabotage-your-career-keep-your-online-presence-clean/374	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.954662	673	1.921875	2
Conservative candidate claims he can force N.S. to accept fracking “I think if he wants to get Maritimers angry with him, that’s a good way to do it” February 6, 2017, 8:59 pm ASTLast Updated: February 8, 2017, 10:22 am Nova Scotia has held an indefinite moratorium on fracking since 2014, but Conservative leadership candidate Kevin O’Leary says he intends to change that. Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is a process to get shale gas. It involves injecting high amounts of water, sand and chemicals into the earth at high pressures, which causes rock formations to break apart, and the natural gas that’s trapped inside to be released. Possible risks in this process include contaminating local drinking water. A study, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, found that at a fracking site in Marcellus Shale, P.A., about 75 per cent of wells about within one kilometre were contaminated with methane. The Ecology Action Centre (EAC) in Nova Scotia is one organization opposed to fracking. “Studies have been shown it leads to higher greenhouse gas emissions. It’s extraction of fossil fuel; it’s dangerous,” says Emma Norton, Energy Conservation Coordinator at the EAC. “Nova Scotians have spoke out against fracking.” In an interview with the Chronicle Herald, O’Leary who was born in Quebec, says, “I want to see development of natural gas, period and it’s going to happen. This is the domain of each premier but at the end of the day, if their policies are not pro-jobs then they’ll have to deal with me. That’s how I lead.” Repeated calls to the provincial Conservative party were not returned, as well as emails to O’Leary’s team through his website. Frank Parker is a consultant at Crestview Strategy, a public affairs agency. He thinks these mistakes could hurt O’Leary chances at the election. “O’Leary is going to say a lot of things. He doesn’t have government experience; he doesn’t have political experience yet,” says Parker. “I don’t know how much of it can be taken literally or how much of it is just posturing. But statement like that, and he’s made a few, are certainly going to make voters look at him and wonder if he is being serious.” Norton believes this is one way to anger Nova Scotians. “I think if he wants to get Maritimers angry with him, that’s a good way to do it, since Nova Scotians very clearly spoke out against fracking,” says Norton. “I’m sure that Nova Scotians would not appreciate another person from away telling us what to do.” In 2012, the then New Democratic Party government created a two-year moratorium on fracking. It was turned into an indefinite ban in 2014 by the Liberal government, with support of the Nova Scotia New Democratic Party (NSNDP). Gary Burrill, leader of the NSNDP, says he’s not surprised by O’Leary’s remarks. “This isn’t entirely startling,” he says. “This is the Conservative view.” When the legislation was introduced back in 2014, it was opposed by Nova Scotia Conservative leader Jamie Baillie, according to the CBC. Burrill says the NSNDP doesn’t want to see it changed, and that he believes Nova Scotians don’t want to see it changed either. “This is what we don’t want, communities in Nova Scotia have major concerns about the availability and quality of our drinking water. We don’t want any gas development, any shale gas exploration,” says Burrill. “Anything of this sort that will place that in any kind of jeopardy.” O’Leary also intends to lower corporate tax rates and eliminate carbon tax altogether. “I’m basically going to have to reverse everything Justin Trudeau did,” says O’Leary. The Conservative leadership election will be held in May 2017. Have a story idea? Let us know	<urn:uuid:84687c13-29db-492e-9567-92e5615581eb>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://signalhfx.ca/conservative-candidate-claims-he-can-force-n-s-to-accept-fracking/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz	en	0.959489	930	1.898438	2
What is a kidney stone? A kidney stone is a hard, pebble-like deposit that forms in the kidney. -Most are as small as a grain of sand or as large as a pearl. Rarely, they can be as big as golf balls. A stone may be smooth, irregular in shape, or jagged. Most are yellow or brown in color. There are different types of kidney stones: - Calcium stones. Calcium stones are the most common type of stones. Calcium is a normal part of a healthy diet and is used by bones and muscles. Calcium not used by the body goes to the kidneys where it is normally flushed out with the urine. In some people, the calcium that stays behind bonds with other waste products to form a stone. - Struvite stones. Struvite stones contain the mineral magnesium and the waste product ammonia. It may form after an infection in the urinary tract. - Uric acid stones. Uric acid stones may form when there is too much acid in the urine. This can be seen in people who have gout. - Cysteine stones. Ceystine is one of the building blocks that make up muscles, nerves, and other parts of the body. It can build up in the urine and form a stone. Cysteine stones are rare. This form of the disease runs in families. Kidney stones are one of the most painful disorders. They are also one of the most common problems of the urinary tract. What causes a kidney stone? A kidney stone develops from crystals that build up in the kidney. Urine normally contains chemicals that prevent or slow the crystals from forming. But stones still form in some people. Small crystals can travel through the urinary tract and pass out of the body in the urine without even being noticed. A larger stone can get stuck in a ureter. The ureter is the small tube between the kidney and the bladder. A large stone can also get stuck in the bladder or the urethra. The urethra is the tube from the bladder that takes urine out of the body. A large stone may block the flow of urine and cause great pain. Who is at risk for kidney stones? You are more likely to get a kidney stone if you: - Are white. Whites are at higher risk than African Americans - Are male. Kidney stones happen more often in men, but the number of women who get kidney stones has been growing. - Are age 20 to 40. - Have had a stone in the past. Once you’ve had one stone, you are more likely to get more. These are factors you can control: - How much fluid you drink. If you don’t drink enough fluids and tend to be dehydrated, you are at a higher risk for kidney stones. - Your diet. Eating a diet that is high in protein, sodium, and dark green vegetables (oxalate-rich types of foods), can increase your risk for kidney stones. - Your weight. Being overweight increases insulin resistance in your body. Insulin resistance increases the amount of calcium filtered into the urine. In turn, this increases the risk of developing a kidney stone. - Medicines. Some medicines can increase your risk for kidney stones. Common medicines include water pills (diuretics) and antiviral medicines. These things you can't control: - Certain diseases. Diseases that cause ongoing higher levels of calcium in the blood. More calcium can cause dehydration because you make more urine. The extra calcium in the kidney solidifies into a stone. - Surgery. Surgeries on the digestive tract including the intestines and gastric bypass can make you more likely to have long-term (chronic) dehydration. Or you may develop diseases that cause chronic diarrhea and dehydration. These increase the risk for kidney stones. - Family history. Inherited factors or a family history of kidney stones can raise your risk. - Past urinary tract infections that kept returning - Low estrogen. Women with low estrogen levels after menopause or after removal of the ovaries are at greater risk for kidney stones. - Gender. Men between the ages of 30 and 50 are the most likely to get kidney stones. - High uric acid level. Diseases that raise uric acid levels (gout) raise your risk for stones. - Diabetes. Insulin resistance from diabetes can cause an increase the amount of calcium filtered into the urine. This raises the risk for a kidney stone. What are the symptoms of kidney stones? These are the most common symptoms of kidney stones: - Extreme, sharp pain in the back or side that will not go away. Changing positions doesn't help. Pain can come and go. - Blood in the urine - Nausea and vomiting - Cloudy or odorous urine - Frequent urination - A burning feeling when you urinate - Fever and chills The symptoms of kidney stones may look like other health problems. Always talk with your healthcare provider for a diagnosis. How are kidney stones diagnosed? Your healthcare provider will ask about your health history and do a physical exam. You may have other tests. These include: - Intravenous pyelogram (IVP). This is a series of X-rays of the kidney, ureters, and bladder with the injection of a contrast dye into the vein. It helps find tumors, kidney stones, or blockages. It can also check blood flow to the kidney. - CT scan. This is an imaging test that uses X-rays and a computer to make detailed images of the body. A CT scan shows details of the bones, muscles, fat, and organs. - Urinalysis. This is a lab exam of urine for various cells and chemicals, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, infection, or extra protein. - Blood tests. These are lab exams of the blood to look for substances that might cause stone to form. These tests can also assess how well your kidneys are working. - Renal ultrasound. A noninvasive test in which sound waves are bounced off the kidney. The test sends a picture of the kidney to a video screen. The test is used to find the size and shape of the kidney. It can also see a mass, kidney stone, cyst, or other blockage in the kidney. How are kidney stones treated? Treatment will depend on your symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is. See your healthcare provider right away if you think you have a kidney stone. Some kidney stones pass out of the body on their own without treatment. In cases that cause lasting symptoms or other complications, kidney stones may be treated with one of the following: - Shock waves or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). This treatment uses a machine to send shock waves directly to the kidney stone. This breaks a large stone into smaller stones that will pass through the urinary tract. There are 2 types of shock wave machines. In one, you sit in a tub of water. In the other, you lie on a table. - Ureteroscope. A long wire with a camera attached to it is inserted into the urethra. The wire is passed up through the bladder to the ureter where the stone is located. A tiny cage is used to grab the stone and remove it. - Tunnel surgery (percutaneous nephrolithotomy). A small cut is made in your back and a narrow tunnel is made through the skin to the stone inside the kidney. The surgeon can remove the stone through this tunnel. - Potassium citrate. Your healthcare provider may prescribe potassium citrate tablets to treat stones made of calcium and urate. You take the tablets with plenty of fluids. The citrate may help dissolve and drain the stone with the additional fluid. Can kidney stones be prevented? The best ways to prevent kidney stones are: - Drink more water. Up to 12 glasses of water a day can help to flush away the substances that form stones in the kidneys. Ginger ale, lemon-lime sodas, and fruit juices are also OK. - Limit coffee, tea, and cola to 1 or 2 cups a day. The caffeine may cause a rapid loss of fluid. - Talk with your healthcare provider or a dietitian about any diet changes. - Take medicines prescribed to prevent calcium and uric acid stones from forming. When should I call my healthcare provider? Let your healthcare provider know if your symptoms get worse or you have new symptoms. Key points about kidney stones - A kidney stone is a piece of hard sediment that forms in the kidney. It develops when certain substances that are filtered in the urine crystallize and stick together in the kidney creating a stone. - Most stones are made of calcium, although stones can be formed from other substances. - Dehydration and certain medicines also increase the risk for kidney stones. - Kidney stones cause pain with urination as the stone passes through the urinary tract. - Some kidney stones can't be passed out of your body because they are too large and become stuck in the urinary tract. This causes great pain. - You may be able to prevent kidney stones by staying away from certain foods and drinking plenty of water. - Once you have had a kidney stone, you are more likely to have another stone. Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider: - Know the reason for your visit and what you want to happen. - Before your visit, write down questions you want answered. - Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you. - At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you. - Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed, and how it will help you. Also know what the side effects are. - Ask if your condition can be treated in other ways. - Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean. - Know what to expect if you do not take the medicine or have the test or procedure. - If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit. - Know how you can contact your provider if you have questions. Identifying Kidney Stones Identifying Kidney Stones There are 4 general types of kidney stones. Your kidney stone’s size and shape determine whether it is likely to pass by itself. Knowing what a stone is made of (its composition) helps your healthcare provider find its cause. Then he or she can suggest the best treatment. X-rays or scans can help show the stone's size and shape. Your healthcare provider may also give you a strainer. You can use this to catch the stone while passing urine, and the provider can then test the stone. Other urine and blood tests may be done to help identify the stone. These tests can also help identify causes for different types of stones. A stone may be as small as a grain of sand. Or it may be as large as a golf ball. Small stones may pass out of your body when you urinate. Small, smooth, round stones may pass easily. Jagged-edged stones often lodge inside the kidney or ureter. Staghorn stones can fill the entire renal pelvis and calyces. Most stones are made of calcium oxalate, a hard compound. Stones made of cystine or uric acid, or caused by infection (struvite stones), are less dense. Stones often contain more than one chemical. Treating your stones You and your healthcare provider will work together to form a treatment plan. Your provider may suggest that you let your stone pass naturally. Or you may manage it with medicines. Certain procedures may also help, such as SWL (shock wave lithotripsy) or using a camera inside the body to remove the stone (ureteroscopy). And you will be told how you can help prevent kidney stones in the future.	<urn:uuid:80a4ed2e-5d50-4072-b5c9-95bac2ee61e6>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.saintlukeskc.org/condition/kidney-stones	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz	en	0.932343	2,562	3.453125	3
CTBTO Youth Group Working with the leaders and experts of tomorrow With 20 years having passed since the opening for signature of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), it is clear that the Treaty’s entry into force and implementation will be in the hands of the next generation of leaders and policy makers. It is therefore important to provide youth with access to information on the CTBT and its verification regime and enable those interested to effectively convey to others the significance of the Treaty’s entry into force as a key step towards nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation. The CTBTO Youth Group is open to all students and young professionals who are directing their careers towards global peace and security and who wish to actively promote the CTBT and its verification regime. BY THE YOUTH, FOR THE YOUTH The CTBTO Youth Group currently has a membership of over 200 students and young professionals from around the world. These Youth Group members share the common goal of achieving the entry into force of the CTBT. Through capacity building, members will be empowered to use their individual voices, determine what the CTBT means to them, and convey this message in a manner that is meaningful to their peers and community. Furthermore, the resources offered to the group by the CTBTO serve to facilitate interaction among members for brainstorming, knowledge sharing, and the development of projects. Meet some of the group's members. INVESTING IN THE NEXT GENERATION • CTBTO Educational material The Knowledge and Training Portal (KTP), the CTBTO’s interactive e-learning platform, hosts an open archive of educational courses offered by the CTBTO including interactive modules, recorded lectures, presentation files, and assessment quizzes. The courses aim to develop expertise in the political, technical, scientific, and legal areas of the Treaty. Projects such as “E-learning” by Nathalie Osztaskina, the Sirius Summer Course by Anastasia Shavrova and the “CTBT in Action” by Carlos Rodriguez-Cruz y Celis provided participants with a comprehensive view on nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation issues, legal instruments to prohibit nuclear testing. • CTBTO Events CTBTO Youth Group (CYG) members regularly participate in and contribute to relevant events and activities to help raise awareness on the mandate of the Organization and to convey the importance of a legally binding global ban on nuclear testing. Over the last year, CYG members were involved in high-profile events in Washington, New York, Brussels, and beyond. Members had the opportunity to put questions to CTBTO Executive Secretary Lassina Zerbo and UN High-Representative for Disarmament Affairs Kim Won-soo during the event “Conversation with Youth – Ending Nuclear Tests: why should I care” and to meet former UNSG Ban Ki-moon at the “CTBT20 Panel with UNSG Ban Ki-moon”. The CTBTO organizes regular scientific conferences, as well as capacity development courses on various aspects of the Treaty. This year the “Science and Technology (SnT) Conference 2017” will take place in Vienna in June. It aims to build and strengthen the Organization’s relationship with the broader scientific community and civil society, and plans are underway for CYG members to participate in it. • CTBTO Networks The CTBTO works extensively with institutions worldwide, including academic and research centres, international and non-governmental organizations, and other entities dedicated to nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament. Youth Group members are encouraged and supported to reach out to these institutions and strengthen efforts toward the entry into force of the CTBT. CYG members have been present at various CTBT related events, including the “Friends of the CTBT” Ministerial Meeting in New York, the EU Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Conference in Brussels, the American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco, and the 50th Anniversary event of the Treaty of Tlatelolco in Mexico City. On 22 September, several CYG members met with the Director of Policy at Ploughshares Fund Tom Collina, and with the representatives of “Women’s Action for New Directions” Kathy Crandall Robinson and Erica Fein. “Having an international youth effort to bring the treaty into force is essential. If we’re going to secure the test ban’s entry into force, it’s going to be through an effort like this one, which brings the CTBT to the public’s attention. We’re going to need all of you to get it done.”- Tom Collina • CTBTO Outreach Activities CTBTO outreach activities include special events organized to commemorate historic events of relevance to the CTBT, as well as visits and workshops held around the world. The CTBTO endeavours to secure the participation of members of the CTBTO Youth Group in its outreach activities. To mark the first anniversary of the CTBTO Youth Group, a Facebook page and group have been launched by Youth Group members Mariam Arghamanyan and Marius Jano, and plans are underway for members to participate in the upcoming Science and Technology Conference (SnT2017). The CTBTO provides substantive and logistical support to Youth Group members in their efforts to publish their work within their communities and regions. Members of the group have the opportunity to contribute to CTBTO publications and online platforms, and a relationship has been established with InDepthNews (http://www.indepthnews.net/) to allow Youth Group members to publish opinion pieces on CTBT issues. CTBTO Youth Group Report for the CTBT 20th Anniversary Digital/Online Version (PDF) Print Version (Single Pages) (PDF) • GEM Mentoring The CTBTO facilitates dialogue with the Group of Eminent Persons (GEM) to foster Youth Group projects through mentoring and guidance. This provides participating students and young professionals with unique access to a wealth of knowledge and experience. Contacts for further information: Opens window for sending email@example.com Sign up for / log in to the Youth Group Forum:	<urn:uuid:4402e941-4884-4b40-a47e-2d10870a70bc>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.ctbto.org/specials/ctbto-youth-group/?textonly=1	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.931938	1,314	2.140625	2
Shortest distance between Dillon and Miles City is 337.42 miles (543.02 km). Flight distance from Dillon, MT to Miles City, MT is 337.42 miles. Estimated flight time is 00 hours 48 minutes. It takes 00 hours 43 minutes to travel from Dillon to Miles City with an airplane (average speed of 550 miles). The driving distance from Dillon, Montana to Miles City, Montana is: 400.29 miles (644.21 km) by car. Driving from Dillon to Miles City will take approximately 06 hours 17 minutes. The distance between Dillon and Miles City is 644 km if you choose to drive by road. You can go 07 hours 09 minutes if you drive your car at an average speed of 90 kilometers / hour. For different choices, please review the avg. speed travel time table on the below. There is no time difference between Dillon and Miles City. The current time is 14:24:49. \|Average Speed\|\|Travel Time\| \|30 mph (48.3 km/h)\|\|13 hours 20 minutes\| \|40 mph (64.37 km/h)\|\|10 hours 00 minutes\| \|50 mph (80.47 km/h)\|\|08 hours 00 minutes\| \|60 mph (96.56 km/h)\|\|06 hours 40 minutes\| \|70 mph (112.65 km/h)\|\|05 hours 43 minutes\| \|75 mph (120.7 km/h)\|\|05 hours 20 minutes\| \|80 mph (128.75 km/h)\|\|04 hours 59 minutes\| A car with a fuel efficiency of 8.3 l/100 km will need 53.47 liters (14.13 gallon) of gas to cover the route between Dillon and Miles City. The estimated cost of gas to go from Dillon to Miles City is $57.94 (diesel $68.49). Take a look at our Gas Cost Calculator feature. It will figure out how much it will cost to drive this particular distance. The average gas price per gallon of daily gas for calculations is $4.102 (Diesel $4.849) /gallon. Last changed prices on August 18, 2022. The place names are translated into coordinates to approximate the distance between Dillon and Miles City (latitude and longitude). Cities, states, and countries each have their own regional center. The Haversine formula is used to measure the radius.	<urn:uuid:5deedac6-d309-4f2e-a7fa-109a3fb9fdc2>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.mapsof.net/distance/dillon-mt-to-miles-city	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.875425	510	1.585938	2
For Immediate Release: March 17, 2020 Megan Wiltsie 202-483-7382 Norfolk, Va. – A PETA video, released today, shows a rescue team from the India-based animal protection organization Animal Rahat (“rahat” means “relief”) saving a dog who had been trapped for days in a well. Many wells in the Indian district of Sangli are uncovered, posing a risk to animals, who can easily fall in. Animal Rahat has come to the rescue of cats, dogs, Indian spectacled cobras, a hyena, a porcupine, and even a cow—so when residents alerted the group to this dog’s plight, its team sprang into action and climbed down into the well to save her. Although she was initially very frightened, her rescuers were able to coax her into a pet carrier and lift her to safety. At Animal Rahat, she was examined, spayed, vaccinated, and given lots of affection before she was returned to her community. “From the deepest wells to the highest trees, Animal Rahat’s team is ready to go wherever animals need them,” says Animal Rahat Chief Operating Officer Dr. Naresh Chandra Upreti. “We hope this dog’s rescue inspires people around the world to keep an eye out for animals in need—and never let their animal companions stray from home.” Animal Rahat is run by a dedicated staff that includes veterinarians, veterinary assistants, animal caretakers, and a community educator. More information about the group’s work is available here.	<urn:uuid:755888b7-e69c-456f-9b39-1b16f8fd5806>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.peta.org/media/news-releases/video-see-how-rescuers-saved-this-dog-from-a-well/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.960099	349	1.78125	2
Microsoft Has "No Plans" to Release Xbox One Without Kinect Posted on Jul 25, 2013 \| Source: Gamespot Microsoft is not currently considering releasing an Xbox One without Kinect, a representative for the company told GameSpot today. "We have no plans to introduce an Xbox One without Kinect. We believe in Kinect and the value it brings to both games and entertainment, and believe $499 is a great value for what consumers receive with their Xbox One," the representative said. The statement came in response to an Inside Gaming Daily report, which claimed, citing an anonymous source, that Microsoft would release a Kinect-free Xbox One in summer 2014. Every Xbox One unit includes Kinect, unlike the setup on Xbox 360, where the motion-sensing camera is a peripheral. The new Kinect is reportedly ten times more powerful than the prior model and capable of detecting facial structure, hair, skin color, body composition, and expression. The Xbox One launches in November. Microsoft will reveal the exact launch date later this summer.	<urn:uuid:52e86bd4-6801-42cb-aaa0-217c703eca77>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	http://techjunkeez.com/news/g104.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.917641	213	1.59375	2
As a child, Grammy was known as Tommy, an eccentric, boyish pioneer girl who once skinned coyotes in Montana but later stole her sister Katherine’s identity to apply to nursing school in New York, using Katherine’s high school diploma. (Tommy had dropped out of school and supported Katherine financially.). Isabella tries to explore what is tangled truth and what is false in Grammy’s stories about scrambling up the ladder of class. I love Isadora’s distant, graceful voice, but Tommy/Katherine outshines all of her descendants. Her mother, Glenna, a suffragist and leftist, deserts Tommy, age 6, and her younger sister Katherine on a train in the custody of a group of nuns and does not return. Days later, the nuns find Glenna, but Glenna does many disappearing tricks during the girls’ childhood. She prefers politics and men to motherhood. Tommy and Katherine often live alone, and Tommy raises Katherine, pushing her to do well in school, while she makes a living skinning and trading coyote skins. Katherine decides to change her name to Patricia and move west to become a movie star. And so Tommy becomes Katherine. The situation sounds melodramatic, but the cadences of McPhee’s poetic prose , the rugged fascination with the past, and her humor make us believe in the importance of Katherine/Tommy’s family stories, even when they are false. If Grammy was our version of Homer, I was Herodotus. I wanted to tell a history, but my allegiances were more toward providing a sense of character. My sisters, on the other hand, were straight-up historians in the mode and model of Thucydides. They required the documentation, the verification, the proof. They were fully possessed of the world’s cynicism, of the fact of realpolitik as the true measure of how things happen in human affairs. Long before she died, thus, they had stopped paying attention to Grammy’s tales. It fell to me, therefore, to be the keeper of the family stories, my inheritance from Grammy. And, in case you’re interested, McPhee is the daughter of the Pulitzer Prize-winning writer John McPhee. An enjoyable, gracefully-written novel.	<urn:uuid:f27eda04-3fec-4a42-9345-4d5a691a3c4b>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://thornfieldhall.blog/2020/07/08/?amp=1	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz	en	0.960333	489	1.609375	2
Before we start with all the celebrations, i desired to thank everyone else for assisting my very first guide turn into a Wall Street Journal bestseller. To test it away, follow this link. So how exactly does hostage settlement have visitors to alter their minds? The Behavioral Change Stairway Model originated by the FBIвЂ™s hostage settlement product, and it also shows the 5 steps to someone that is getting to visit your perspective and alter what theyвЂ™re doing. It is not a thing that only works together barricaded crooks wielding assault rifles вЂ” it relates to most any style of disagreement. You will find five actions: - Active Listening : pay attention to their side while making them conscious youвЂ™re listening. - Empathy : you can get a knowledge of where theyвЂ™re originating from and how they feel. - Rapport : Empathy is really what you’re feeling. Rapport occurs when they feel it straight straight right back. They begin to trust you. - Impact : Now which they trust you, youвЂ™ve made the right to work with issue resolving using them and suggest a program of action. - Behavioral Change : They behave. (and possibly turn out along with their fingers up.) The thing is, youвЂ™re probably screwing it. Just just What youвЂ™re doing incorrect In all probability you often miss the first three actions. You begin at 4 (impact) and expect each other to instantly head to 5 (Behavioral modification). And therefore never ever works. Saying вЂњHereвЂ™s why IвЂ™m right and youвЂ™re incorrectвЂќ might succeed if individuals were basically logical. вЂ¦business negotiations attempt to imagine that thoughts donвЂ™t occur. WhatвЂ™s your most useful alternative up to a negotiated contract, or вЂBATNAвЂ™? ThatвЂ™s to try and be entirely unemotional and logical, which will be a fiction about settlement. Humans are not capable of being logical, irrespectiveвЂ¦ So as opposed to pretending thoughts donвЂ™t occur in negotiations, hostage negotiators have actually actually created a method that takes feelings completely under consideration and makes use of them to influence circumstances, that is the fact associated with the real means all negotiations goвЂ¦ Probably the most critical step up the Behavioral Change Staircase is in fact initial component: Active listening. One other actions all follow from this. But most folks are terrible at paying attention. If theyвЂ™ve got a voice in their head thatвЂ™s talking to them while youвЂ™re making your argument, the only time the other side is silent is because theyвЂ™re thinking about their own argument. TheyвЂ™re perhaps perhaps not paying attention for you. When theyвЂ™re making their argument for you, youвЂ™re thinking about your argument, thatвЂ™s the sound in the head thatвЂ™s conversing with you. Therefore itвЂ™s just like coping with a schizophrenic. When your very very first goal when you look at the settlement, in the place of making your argument, would be to hear one other part out, that is the only way you can quiet the sound into the other guyвЂ™s head. But the majority individuals donвЂ™t accomplish that. They donвЂ™t head into a settlement attempting to hear exactly exactly exactly what one other part needs to say. They head into a settlement attempting to make a quarrel. They donвЂ™t focus on feelings and so they donвЂ™t pay attention. The basic principles of active listening are pretty simple: - Tune in to whatever they state. DonвЂ™t interrupt, disagree or вЂњevaluate.вЂќ - Nod your mind, and also make brief acknowledging responses like вЂњyesвЂќ and вЂњuh-huh.вЂќ - Without having to be awkward, duplicate right right back the gist of whatever they simply stated, from their frame of guide. - Inquire. Ask concerns that show youвЂ™ve been focusing and that move the conversation ahead. (For more information on the science of the life that is successful take a look at my bestselling guide right right here.) Just what exactly six practices do FBI hostage settlement experts used to go towards the level that is next? 1. Ask questions that are open-ended You donвЂ™t want yes/no answers, you would like them to start up. An excellent open-ended concern could be вЂњSounds like a deal that is tough. Let me know exactly how all of it occurred.вЂќ It really is non-judgmental, shows interest, and it is expected to result in additional information concerning the situation that is manвЂ™s. a response that is poor be вЂњDo you have got a gun? what type? Just just How numerous bullets do you have got?вЂќ because it forces the man into one-word responses, provides the impression that the negotiator is much more enthusiastic about the weapon as compared to man, and communicates a feeling of urgency that will build instead of defuse stress. 2. Effective pauses Pausing is effective. Put it to use for focus, to encourage you to definitely keep speaking or even to defuse things whenever individuals have psychological. Ultimately, perhaps the many emotionally overwrought topics will discover it hard to maintain an argument that is one-sided and so they once again will come back to significant discussion with negotiators. Hence, by staying quiet during the right times, negotiators really can go the general settlement procedure ahead. 3. Minimal Encouragers Brief statements to allow anyone know youвЂ™re listening and to help keep them speaking. Even not at all hard phrases, such as for instance вЂњyes,вЂќ вЂњO.K.,вЂќ or вЂњI see,вЂќ effectively convey that the negotiator is being attentive to the niche. These reactions will enable the susceptible to continue speaking and gradually relinquish more control of this situation to your negotiator. Saying the word that is last expression the individual said to show youвЂ™re listening and involved. Yes, it is that simple вЂ” simply duplicate the final word or two: For instance, an interest might declare, вЂњIвЂ™m fed up with being forced around,вЂќ to that the negotiator can react, вЂњFeel pressed, huh?вЂќ Saying exactly what your partner says returning to them in your words that are own . This powerfully demonstrates to you do realize and arenвЂ™t simply parroting. The theory would be to actually pay attention to exactly what one other part says and feed it back once again to them. ItвЂ™s sort of a breakthrough process both for edges. To begin all, youвЂ™re attempting to find out whatвЂ™s important to them, and next, youвЂ™re wanting to assist them hear what theyвЂ™re saying to learn if what they’re saying is sensible in their mind. 6. Emotional Labeling Provide their emotions a title. It shows youвЂ™re distinguishing with exactly how they feel. DonвЂ™t touch upon the legitimacy for the feelings вЂ” they may be totally crazy вЂ” but suggest to them you realize. A use that is good of labeling could be вЂњYou noise pretty hurt about being kept. It does not appear reasonable.вЂќ Because the feelings are recognized by it without judging them. It really is Country dating only reviews a beneficial Additive Empathetic response because it identifies the hurt that underlies the anger the woman feels and adds the concept of justice to your actorвЂ™s message, a notion that will induce different ways of getting justice. A response that is poor be вЂњYou donвЂ™t need certainly to believe that method. On you, he had been maybe not worth the vitality. if he had been messing aroundвЂќ It is judgmental. It tells the niche just just just how not to ever feel. It minimizes the subjectвЂ™s feelings, that are a major element of who she actually is. It really is Subtractive Empathy. Inquisitive for more information? To have my exclusive complete meeting with previous head of FBI hostage settlement Chris Voss (where he describes the 2 words that inform you a settlement is certainly going really poorly) join my free regular publication. Follow this link.	<urn:uuid:ae5dda70-dfba-430b-8abe-0444600e35ac>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.mckenzieglobalsourcingcoltd.com/hostage-negotiation-techniques-that-may-allow-you/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.95138	1,974	1.859375	2
National Palace Museum: JIJIN YAOCAI: YUANCANG LIDAI TONGQI. Rituals Cast in Brilliance: Chinese Bronzes Through the Ages. Taibei, 2014. 215 pp. Colour plates throughout. 29x21 cm. Wrappers. A survey of the permanent collection of archaic Chinese bronzes on long-term display in the bronzes gallery of the National Palace Museum in Taibei. Superb examples dating from the Shang to the Han. Illustrated throughout in colour and with near dual texts in Chinese and English. Item 475 in List 203. Record produced by Hanshan Tang Books, www.hanshan.com.	<urn:uuid:d29ac0ae-f2d8-4e53-9cb5-7aaf823d8764>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://hanshan.com/n/NPMJY1.HTM	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.809449	158	1.773438	2
Dots. Lines. Crosses. Boxes. They have popped up all across Singapore over the past few weeks. Plastered over furniture, floors, and more, the city-state renowned for its cleanliness and order has become a maze of symbols, in order to defend its inhabitants from the COVID-19 pandemic. This “mess” is indeed a series of messages. They tell citizens to stay apart from one another as the city battles to control the spread of the virus. Such makeshift signs started appearing right after the government introduced safe distancing measures on March 20, in order to limit the number of people gathering in a space and keep them at least 1-metre apart. With just two-days notice before the measures turned into law, and no specific guide on how to implement them, local businesses and organizations quickly found their own solutions. While some printed custom signage to explain the measures, the most popular method has been to use adhesive tape to construct symbols, from crossing out seats to drawing queue lines and cordoning off areas.	<urn:uuid:3a194992-141f-44ec-b37a-6b79eff7a670>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	http://justinzhuang.com/posts/in-singapore-residents-create-a-social-distancing-wayfinding-language-with-tape/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00264.warc.gz	en	0.966331	216	2.078125	2
When someone says they are going to call “their” lawyer, or when they refer to having a lawyer on retainer, what does that mean exactly? What is a lawyer retainer and how does it work? Many professional service providers will require a retainer and in the case of a lawyer retainer, it is meant to set the terms for legal services to be rendered at a future date. There are different types of retainer options: the retainer agreement and the retainer fee. Typically, these will go together. Types of Legal Retainer A retainer agreement is a written agreement that serves as a contract between you and your lawyer. It is used to help ensure clear communication and avoid misunderstandings between you and your lawyer. If issues arise, such as a fee dispute, you can apply to have the bills reviewed by the court. The agreement may include details such as how and when you and your lawyer will communicate with each other, the legal services to be provided, how fees will be charged (hourly or flat rate), and the consequences of failing to pay. It will typically also detail what will happen to the retainer fee should either party terminate the relationship. The main purpose of the retainer agreement is to ensure that your dealings with the lawyer go smoothly and that both parties are clear on what to expect. As part of the retainer agreement, you will determine how fees are handled: hourly rate, flat fee, or contingency. When agreeing to an hourly rate, your lawyer will bill you according to the number of hours of work they do for you. This rate will vary based on the type of work and the experience of the lawyer. Flat fees determine the fixed fee that will be paid, regardless of the number of hours of work are done on your behalf. This is typically the case for criminal defence lawyers. Contingency fee agreements indicate that the lawyer will be paid a percentage of a lump sum settlement or trial award received by you in your case. If no money is recovered, you will not be responsible for a legal fee. Your retainer fee will go into a trust account and your lawyer will withdraw funds as they complete their work. They will send you a bill detailing their withdrawals and you may ask at any time how much of a balance remains in the account. At the end of the case, if there is still money in the account and no fees are owing, the remaining funds will be returned to you. What You Should Consider Before You Hire a Lawyer on Retainer If you do not understand any of the conditions listed in your retainer agreement, be sure to ask your lawyer to clarify. They will explain any details to make sure you know what you’re signing. They should also provide you with a copy of the agreement for your records. Aside from detailing fees, you may wish to include terms such as: - Means of arbitration in the event of a dispute - The client’s right to terminate the retainer agreement - The lawyer’s right to withdraw - Conflict checks - Intention to use associates and paralegals for additional services and expenses How Long is a Lawyer Retainer Good For? A lawyer cannot claim the retainer fee until they have completed work and provided an invoice to the client. The retainer is still the possession of the client until used for legitimate expenses as detailed in the retainer agreement. The amount in the trust account will not expire. If you require a lawyer, or wish to learn more about legal retainers, do not hesitate to contact us and we will answer all of your questions.	<urn:uuid:b8e711c3-872d-428b-9e8d-c71b080296af>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.hillsidelaw.ca/what-is-a-lawyer-retainer/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.969943	767	2.1875	2
Death In The Ring - Boxing Book by George Thomas Clark Death In The Ring By George Thomas Clark The sport of boxing has long captured the hearts and souls of millions. Its raw fury has been romanticized, its contenders glorified. But always in the background, there remains the dark reality of life after boxing: bodies battered and minds damaged beyond repair. The greatest enemy of the boxer is not his opponent, but the sport itself. Death in the Ring celebrates the bravery inherent in the sport of boxing. It’s a celebration of conquering fear and taking the greatest risk of all – self-sacrifice – for the glory of the sport. Here’s an Amazon review of Death in the Ring by S. Wood: A Jewel of a Book By S. Wood With "Death in the Ring", the stale air of the past becomes invigorating and refreshing. Clark has a unique slant when writing about his subjects--he becomes them! The legendary John L. Sullivan, the colorful Jack Johnson, the artistic Mickey "The Toy Bulldog", Walker, the inscrutable Sonny Liston, and many more boxing greats, all are alive again--and they speak to us--sharing their intimate feelings and secret thoughts through Clark's creative pen. It's a dangerous literary game of "faction" that Clark plays, but he plays it well and we buy into Clark's portrayals, speculations, and flights of fancy because, Clark is a boxing historian and grounds his subjects in fact. These stories are wonderful! Death in the Ring by George Thomas Clark - Click Here To Order on Amazon.com (Important Note - Only (1) of each item is available, unless otherwise mentioned in the description of each item listed.) Pay easily via Paypal, Visa, Mastercard, American Express or Discover, through our secure shopping cart. Newest Search function feature. Search both Pugilistica.com and BoxingTreasures.com at once, for more Boxing and Other Sports Memorabilia. For a more detailed search of this site only, use the search box at the top of this page. (Search Tip - Use quotes i.e. "Joe Louis" when searching, to find the most specific results.)	<urn:uuid:7ad324ad-6eef-4659-a744-6deec42f2a60>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	http://pugilistica.com/deinriboboby.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz	en	0.902787	469	1.710938	2
Simply add this to rid terrarium pools of chlorine, chloramines and heavy metals. It's easy to add exactly the right amount using the included dosing cap. - Makes tap water safe for aquatic animals such as turtles, frogs and newts - Neutralizes chlorine, chloramines and heavy metals - Bottle cap doubles as a measuring guide which assures accurate treatment - Quick and easy to use - Ideal for: aquatic and semi-aquatic reptiles and amphibians Use Instructions: For use to neutralize chlorine and remove heavy metals from tap water used for reptiles and amphibians.	<urn:uuid:acadd261-4977-4ace-9c83-a47f94cda166>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://beanfarm.com/products/water-conditioner-8-oz	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz	en	0.863064	125	1.734375	2
Caitlin Mooney is 24 years outdated and infatuated with expertise that dates to the age of Sputnik. Mooney, a latest New Jersey Institute of Expertise graduate in laptop science, is a fan of applied sciences that have been scorching a half-century in the past, together with laptop mainframes and software program known as COBOL that powers them. That stuff received’t win any cool factors in Silicon Valley, however it’s important expertise at large banks, insurance coverage firms, authorities companies and different massive establishments. Throughout Mooney’s job hunt, potential employers noticed her experience and needed to speak about extra senior positions than she was searching for. “They might get actually excited,” Mooney informed me. She’s now making an attempt to determine between a number of job affords. The resilience of decades-old computing applied sciences and the individuals who specialise in them exhibits that new applied sciences are sometimes constructed on plenty of outdated tech. Whenever you deposit cash utilizing your financial institution’s iPhone app, behind the scenes it in all probability includes computer systems which are the progeny of these used within the Apollo moon missions. (Additionally, half-century-old laptop code is baked into the iPhone software program.) It’s typically seen as an issue or a punchline that a lot musty expertise remains to be round. But it surely’s not essentially a problem. “If it ain’t broke, don’t repair it,” joked Ellora Praharaj, director of reliability engineering at Stack Overflow, a web based discussion board in style with tech staff. “College students out of college nowadays don’t essentially need to work in uncool older languages. However the actuality of the world is that is what powers a lot of our present methods.” Praharaj mentioned she discovered COBOL in faculty within the mid-2000s and “hated it.” However till about 5 years in the past, she was frequently utilizing a Fifties laptop programming expertise known as Fortran in a former job within the monetary companies trade. The outdated stuff is in all places. Latin is useless, however outdated laptop programming languages like COBOL stay on. The standard wage for a COBOL programmer jumped 44 p.c prior to now 12 months to just about $76,000, based on a pay survey from Stack Overflow. The self-reported compensation is under that for individuals who use stylish software program languages like Rust at $87,000, but it surely was the biggest greenback improve within the survey. (For the information followers amongst us: Stack Overflow mentioned the survey had a big pattern dimension however wasn’t essentially consultant.) All of this additionally exhibits that laptop nerds are topic to fundamental provide and demand dynamics. There aren’t a bunch of individuals like Mooney who need to work on mainframes and COBOL; the continued want for his or her expertise offers them energy. A job hunter wanting “real-world” COBOL expertise wrote lately on the tech bulletin board Hacker Information, “COBOL devs are a specialised area of interest nowadays they usually receives a commission accordingly.” After all, it could be laborious to seek out anybody who believes Boomer applied sciences are the following large factor. Most college laptop science packages don’t concentrate on mainframes, COBOL or Fortran. Yr Up, a corporation that trains younger adults for jobs in expertise fields, informed me that it discontinued coaching in COBOL. Potential employers requested Yr As much as focus its curriculum on newer and extra broadly used software program programming languages akin to Java and Python. Some folks with years of expertise in older tech say they fear they’ve boxed themselves out of jobs with extra potential. However laptop science specialists informed me that whereas they wouldn’t suggest younger folks commit themselves completely to outdated applied sciences, they could be a helpful basis. Inevitably, at present’s scorching coding fads can be changed by one thing new. The essential ability is to learn to continue to learn, mentioned Jukay Hsu, chief govt of Pursuit, a tech work drive coaching enterprise. Mooney grew to become inquisitive about laptop programming whereas taking enterprise programs at a group faculty. She mentioned she began doing her accounting homework in Python “for enjoyable.” When she took a course taught by a professor who specialised in COBOL, Mooney discovered that she appreciated it. She additionally felt welcomed by a group of laptop mainframe die-hards who have been keen to assist a younger novice. “It was actually, actually nice for build up my confidence and ability set,” Mooney mentioned. The irony is that the designers of COBOL by no means anticipated the software program to final this lengthy. As my colleague Steve Lohr wrote in an obituary for Jean Sammet, a designer of COBOL, the software program’s pioneers anticipated it to be a helpful stopgap till one thing higher got here alongside. That was about 40 years earlier than Mooney was born. The outdated stuff will in all probability be round after the following 40 years. Earlier than we go … How battle bedeviled Russia’s “coolest firm”: At Yandex — the Russian equal of Google combined with Amazon, Spotify and Uber — workers and executives are divided over find out how to handle Russia’s calls for to clean the web of the reality in regards to the battle in Ukraine, my colleague Neil MacFarquhar reported. An overhyped expertise finds its groove: 3-D printers that spit out layers of fabric to type objects have been as soon as imagined as expertise for our houses. Steve Lohr wrote that 3-D printing could also be most promising for mass manufacturing merchandise akin to a posh half wanted for cooling laptop processors. In associated information from Kevin Roose’s 2021 Good Tech Awards: Utilizing 3-D printing to deal with the housing disaster. “No one is aware of find out how to watch films anymore.” What simply occurred? I bought distracted by a TikTok notification. Wired mulled over what we achieve and lose from watching films at residence or on our telephones. (A subscription could also be required.) Hugs to this In southwestern Australia, a western spiny-tailed gecko is rooming with a possum household in a nest field. Scientists have been shocked they’re all getting alongside properly.	<urn:uuid:791bf62f-9bad-4e2e-ae16-e00a405a8a8a>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	http://azpremiumax.com/the-latin-of-software-code-is-thriving/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00264.warc.gz	en	0.9538	1,394	2.296875	2
The Life of an Idea: The Origins and Impact of the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy For a young John Lincoln, growing up in the countryside of Michigan and Ohio, a knack for fixing and inventing things was as readily apparent as his entrepreneurial spirit. He enrolled in Ohio State University but left in his third year, having read nearly all the engineering books in the library, and went to work in the emerging field of electricity at the end of the 19th century, in the same era as Edison, Westinghouse, and Tesla. In his twenties, working for a series of small companies based in Cleveland, Lincoln invented an electric brake for streetcars, securing the first of 55 patents. He also invented an electric motor. And one of the nation’s first electric cars. And ultimately, a system for joining metals through arc welding that would help power the extraordinary industrial mobilization at the start of the 20th century. In 1895, with $200 of his own savings, he founded the Lincoln Electric Company, which would grow into a multibillion-dollar global enterprise that transformed the design and construction of buildings, bridges, ships, manufacturing machinery, and military armaments. Along with his younger brother, James, he established progressive employee policies including incentives, paid leave, health care, and a lifelong employment guarantee. And so he turned his inventive mind to something else: establishing a tradition of education and research on land use and ownership, guided by principles of fairness. In 1946, he established the Lincoln Foundation, which later became the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy. The audacious proposition underlying the Lincoln Institute—bringing together scholars and practitioners to investigate the unique importance of land in economies, government, and society at large—would live on through Lincoln’s son and granddaughter, who became stewards of his legacy and innovators in their own right. Along the way, their vision has been embraced and advanced by dozens of board members, including fellow members of the Lincoln family; five chief executives; a faculty and staff that grew from a handful of scholars to a workforce of nearly 100 today; and a constellation of planners, authors, educators, and other partners. The Lincoln Institute has evolved to take on issues its founder could not have foreseen, from the climate crisis to the rapid urbanization of China. So it was that an idea sparked at the end of the 19th century became remarkably applicable for the 21st. The niche that the Lincoln Institute works in—the role of land in society—is not always readily understood, says former Arizona governor, U.S. Department of the Interior secretary, and longtime Lincoln Institute board member Bruce Babbitt. “America does not have much of a land planning tradition,” says Babbitt, for whom the Lincoln Institute’s Babbitt Center for Land and Water Policy is named. The Lincoln Institute “is working on the frontiers of economics, science, conservation, and development . . . where innovation and risk-taking are essential to success.” Practitioners have taken notice. The former chair of the planning and zoning commission in Hartford, Connecticut—a city that has wrestled with the loss of population and manufacturing jobs—says the Lincoln Institute has helped the city conjure a new future, one defined by assets like regional high-speed rail. The Lincoln Institute “framed the policy discussions that can transform the way we use land,” says Sara Bronin, who now leads the land use equity coalition Desegregate Connecticut. It has been invaluable to have the insight and support of an organization that helps kindle greater ambitions, says Bronin: “It just expands everybody’s thinking.” WHEN JOHN C. LINCOLN arrived in Cleveland in 1888, the city was a hub of technological innovation, not unlike Silicon Valley a century later. Lincoln started a family and his company there and, after he turned the operations of Lincoln Electric over to James and returned to the workbench, produced everything from a meat-curing apparatus to a wire-bending method for springs. And he read, and reread, Progress and Poverty by Henry George. He had heard George speak in 1889, at a lecture he’d been invited to by a fellow inventor, Tom Johnson, who would later become mayor of Cleveland. He left that lecture hall convinced of a fundamental injustice: that landowners realized windfalls not by doing anything special or producing goods, but simply by holding land that increased in value because of government actions—like putting in a railroad line. “The land value created by the community belongs to the community, just as surely as the wheat raised by the farmer belongs to the farmer,” Lincoln wrote decades later in one of several pamphlets he published, this one titled “Stop Legal Stealing.” Lincoln rallied to George’s cause, which is embraced today by leading economists. He even accepted a nomination from the Commonwealth Land Party to run for vice president of the United States in 1924, a mostly symbolic step intended to bring attention to Georgist principles and one he later deemed “a crazy thing to do.” He would spend little of the wealth he accrued from his inventions on creature comforts. Instead, he became the single largest benefactor of the Henry George School of Social Science, which was founded in 1932 in New York City and still operates today. In 1946, he established the Lincoln Foundation, which was to be “dedicated to education in its broadest sense,” with a mission to “seek, through the dissemination of proven truth, to change the standards of economic education and of public opinion, and thus contribute to a more just and productive life for free men and women.” Having moved to Phoenix in 1931, primarily to improve the health of his wife, Helen, Lincoln engaged in new activities in the Southwest including mining and the fledgling tourism business. He cofounded the Camelback Inn in nearby Paradise Valley and became a major benefactor in health care and other civic initiatives; to this day, a street and a medical center in the area bear his name. In the 1950s, things slowed down for the slender man a Cleveland newspaper had once dubbed “tougher than a mule,” after he had sprung into action to sever a downed trolley wire. John Lincoln reached the end of his life in Arizona in 1959. He left the legacy of the Lincoln Foundation to his progeny, who would guide it to the next levels of philanthropy, education, and research. DAVID COLVILL LINCOLN, born in 1925, was the youngest of John and Helen’s three children. Like his father, David revealed an acumen in business, engineering, and philanthropy as a young man. When he took the reins of the Lincoln Foundation after his father’s death, he expanded the universe of grant recipients to include a school of public finance at the Claremont Men’s College in California, the University of Virginia, New York University, the University of Chicago, and the Urban Land Institute. The Lincoln Foundation had no staff then, and a 1963 annual report acknowledged that the first years “were measurably experimental.” But David Lincoln collaborated with various advisers including Raymond Moley, a member of FDR’s Brain Trust who had advised John Lincoln and made key introductions to scholars active in land economics. One such introduction was to the economist Archibald Woodruff, then the president of the University of Hartford. Woodruff became a board member of the foundation and offered a home to a new organization: the John C. Lincoln Institute, created in 1966. Woodruff made further introductions, including to leaders at the Vatican and the United Nations, that led to discussions of land tenure and land reform internationally, and specifically in Asia. In 1968 the footprint of the Lincoln Foundation officially expanded with the establishment of the Land Reform Training Institute in Taiwan, now called the International Center for Land Policy Studies and Training and still a partner of the Lincoln Institute. Still, David Lincoln had bigger dreams. The John C. Lincoln Institute in Hartford was a good start, but he and his board members envisioned a new entity that would be both far-reaching and freestanding. He wrote to at least a dozen university presidents proposing a collaboration on land use and land taxation issues. Derek Bok, then the president of Harvard University, was the only leader who wrote back, offering his assistance with the creation of a program in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The Lincoln Institute of Land Policy was established in 1974 as a center for education on land use and land-related tax issues, funded by the Lincoln Foundation. Arlo Woolery, an expert on public utility regulation and valuation, served as its first executive director. The Lincoln Institute set up shop at a house on Trowbridge Street in Cambridge, inviting professors from Harvard and MIT to help evaluate the research initiatives that could support practitioners and policy makers through the 1970s and beyond. It was a welcome invitation at a time of great concern for the fate of struggling and conflict-riven cities, recalls William A. Doebele, the first curator of Harvard’s Loeb Fellowship, which had been founded just a few years earlier, in 1970, to enlist mid-career professionals to help solve urban problems. The idea of the Lincoln Institute “was to study the property tax in all of its forms—a hugely important source of income for municipal governments,” says Doebele. “There were all kinds of studies about the income tax and other forms of taxation. But nobody was looking at property taxation.” David Lincoln, Doebele recalls, “was not someone who much liked being in the spotlight.” He was unostentatious and frugal, toting around the same leather briefcase and driving the same car long past the time when most others would replace such things. But his understated demeanor belied a determination to push forward into new frontiers. Just a year after its founding, the Lincoln Institute held a colloquium on Computer Assisted Mass Appraisal (CAMA), an emerging methodology to bring property valuation—still done with pencil and paper in many places then—into the digital era. The Lincoln Institute would go on to play a key role in making the tool widely accessible. The fledgling institute was a welcoming place for up-and-coming scholars like Daphne Kenyon, a senior research associate at the Urban Institute, and Joan Youngman, who joined after doing groundbreaking work in taxation and law at Harvard. “It was not only open to new ideas, it also actively promoted and investigated new areas of research,” says Kenyon, now resident fellow in tax policy at the Lincoln Institute. “I have certainly found it to be an intellectually stimulating place to work.” In addition to land and property taxation, land use was a major focus, as the Lincoln Institute explored the environmental and fiscal ramifications of suburban sprawl. This work “did help move the needle,” says Richard Perkins, a founder of the real estate company LandVest and a former board member of the Lincoln Institute. Environmentally sensitive development was catching on with developers, but municipalities needed to know how to change the rules to encourage it. “That [influence] was huge,” Perkins says. “It affects the entire world and how we live.” The study of sprawl continued under the next executive director, Ronald L. Smith, who arrived in 1986 after a stint as dean of the School of Business Administration at Georgetown University. In 1988, the Lincoln Institute hosted a major forum on growth management in Phoenix. This ultimately led to research on smart growth, New Urbanism, regional planning, “zombie” subdivisions, and the release of the first major evaluation of smart growth policies in the United States. The cutting-edge movement for sustainable development drew strength from the Lincoln Institute’s research and assessment, says Armando Carbonell, who led a regional land use planning system for Cape Cod, Massachusetts, before joining the Lincoln Institute to manage its urban programs. “We took a rigorous, evidence-based approach to look at what policies worked or didn’t work,” he says. In the 1980s, financing land conservation became another critical part of the Lincoln Institute’s growing portfolio. Boston attorney and Lincoln Institute Fellow Kingsbury Browne convened some 40 representatives of land trusts to engage in open-ended discussions, with the goal of establishing best practices for conservation easements and land purchases. That gathering gained both momentum and national influence, much as the start-up work in CAMA had. The group became the Land Trust Alliance, whose more than 1,000 member organizations have protected 56 million acres and counting. Convening practitioners, holding workshops, and fostering networks would become a hallmark of the Lincoln Institute. Journalists writing about cities and urban growth in the United States and Latin America, state tax judges, city planners, property rights scholars, international ministers, and mayors of postindustrial legacy cities have all come together regularly over the years, exchanging ideas and forming networks that advance policies and practices on the ground. Nan Whaley, the mayor of Dayton, Ohio, has participated in workshops with fellow chief executives of struggling postindustrial cities. “It’s a nice relationship between listening and telling,” Whaley says, noting that the events she has participated in are designed “not to tell practitioners what to do, but to take into account what challenges each community is facing.” Many other political leaders came to appreciate the bridge between research and training, and between policy and practice. “This was one of the first institutions of its kind that stepped back and looked at what we were doing in terms of the environment, land conservation, planning,” says former Massachusetts governor and presidential candidate Michael Dukakis. “Thoughtful analysis of what we were doing to our natural and urban environment—for guys like me, it was one place you could get sensible information about what was actually going on, during a time of massive disinvestment in cities. Now, we have lots of folks who are into this. But not then. It has been a real contribution.” KATHRYN JO LINCOLN was born in 1954 on Long Island, New York, where David was working as an engineer for Sperry Rand. Katie Lincoln, as she is nearly universally known, was the second of four children born to David and his wife, Joan. A professionally trained actor and arts administrator who also earned an MBA, she became chair of the board of the Lincoln Institute in 1996. That same year a new president was named: H. James Brown, chair of the City and Regional Planning department at Harvard and director of the MIT–Harvard Joint Center for Urban Studies. John Lincoln’s granddaughter, who also sits on the board of the company he founded, Lincoln Electric, set about to sharpen the mission of the Lincoln Institute. She built on priorities identified earlier in the 1990s, which included the taxation and regulation of land; the functioning of land markets; transportation and land use; and community and individual rights and responsibilities in land. Those themes would soon be aligned with an expanded geography; as the new millennium approached, the Lincoln Institute’s research and expertise were increasingly in demand overseas. With the fall of the Soviet Union, newly independent Eastern European nations undertook land reform and property taxation as they made the transition to a free-market economy. A team from the Lincoln Institute tax department began traveling to Lithuania and other locations each year to teach the basics of the property tax. Half a world away, fast-growing Latin America was struggling with urbanization and slums. After holding international conferences that included discussions of urban challenges in Mexico, which had been an area of special interest for David Lincoln, and testing the waters with a program on land use and development in Cuba, the Lincoln Institute launched the Program on Latin America and the Caribbean in 1993. Its focus included informal settlement, better-functioning land markets, and technology-enhanced cadastres. The region, in particular Colombia and Brazil, was also experimenting with land value capture—returning increases in land value that resulted from government actions and public investments to the community, just as Henry George had described. Those experiments further fueled the Lincoln Institute’s interest in that topic, ultimately leading to the report Implementing Value Capture in Latin America: Policies and Tools for Urban Development. By the turn of the 21st century, another part of the world was also rapidly urbanizing. The Lincoln Institute had been engaged with land policy work in Asia at least since the start of the training center in Taiwan in 1968, and now it began developing research programs in China, looking at topics including land use, housing markets, and land taxation. The board of the Lincoln Institute reached an agreement with top officials in China, through the influential Ministry of Land and Resources, to create a formal relationship. The Program on the People’s Republic of China, established in 2003, was dedicated to studying environmental issues, rapid urbanization, and municipal finance. Four years later, the Peking University–Lincoln Institute Center for Urban Development and Land Policy launched in Beijing. Early projects ranged from training Chinese senior government officials and young scholars to producing and sponsoring hundreds of data-driven policy reports, says Joyce Man, the center’s first director. Man notes that China has much to teach the United States and the rest of the world about sustainability, land-based financing of public infrastructure, and urban redevelopment. “The exchanges can go two ways,” she says. Katie Lincoln and Gregory K. Ingram, Brown’s successor as president and a former World Bank executive, began traveling extensively to nurture relationships in China and other corners of the world. In the early aughts of the new century, the Lincoln Institute became a major partner in the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, known as UN-Habitat, and contributed to international summits from Nairobi to Kuala Lumpur. The Lincoln Institute was now fully operating on the international stage, taking its place alongside much larger philanthropic foundations and nongovernmental organizations, and would soon expand even further. IN 2006, the Lincoln Foundation and the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy merged to form a private operating foundation. Katie Lincoln became its chief investment officer, overseeing the Lincoln Institute endowment. She diversified the portfolio and added mission-related investments, including the wetlands restoration company Ecosystem Investment Partners and an infrastructure fund for Africa. “I view this as a perpetual book that will live past my children, and my children’s children,” Lincoln says. “My responsibility is to make sure it is structured in such a way that we have an eye on long-term growth, but have enough income to support the work we’re doing.” The new era also saw a renewed focus on outreach, with the establishment of a formal communications and publications program that produces books, reports, working papers, policy briefs, and Land Lines magazine. “It was important that we do the work, we do the research, but we present it in a way that made it accessible,” says Lincoln, who worried about overly technical books sitting unread on the shelf. “I’m not the economist in the room, but someone like me has to understand what we do in order for us to be successful.” Today, Lincoln Institute publications are available in print and online; a distribution partnership with Columbia University Press ensures that they reach a broad audience. Multimedia projects have also been a priority: with Northern Light Productions, the Lincoln Institute launched a documentary film series, Making Sense of Place, examining urban issues in Phoenix, Cleveland, and Portland, Oregon. The one-hour films have been broadcast on public television and were recently updated and given new life as a website. The five-part Shifting Ground series, looking at land use conflicts and compromises across the nation, aired on public radio, and two podcast series—Land Matters, recorded in English, and Estación Ciudad, in Spanish—address key themes. In another effort to make research more freely available, the Lincoln Institute assembled data on topics from municipal budgets to urban growth, creating tools that can be used by scholars, policy makers, journalists, citizen activists, and others. One database, Significant Features of the Property Tax, essentially replaced an annual report by the federal government that had been discontinued. Other databases, including Fiscally Standardized Cities and the Atlas of Urban Expansion, facilitated research on density, global urbanization, and municipal finance. With these and other projects, the goal has been to take advantage of advances in technology to bring more attention to the wealth of information that the Lincoln Institute has built up over the years and to help guide evidence-based decision making. Reinvention was again at hand as George W. “Mac” McCarthy, director of the Metropolitan Opportunity program at the Ford Foundation, was named the Lincoln Institute’s fifth chief executive in 2014. McCarthy launched a strategic planning process that identified six “pathways to impact,” organizational goals that address global social, environmental, and economic challenges through the lens of land policy. Under McCarthy, the Lincoln Institute became active in Africa, working with partners there to strengthen the planning capacity of local governments, develop and deliver curricula on the property tax, and foster the exchange of knowledge and ideas with other regions. Three new centers also came into being. The Center for Community Investment helps communities mobilize capital to achieve their economic, social, and environmental priorities. The Babbitt Center for Land and Water Policy promotes and strengthens the critical links between land and water management, with an initial focus on the Colorado River Basin. The Center for Geospatial Solutions provides data, expertise, and services to expand access to technologies that can inform land use decisions around the world. FROM THE BEGINNING, the idea of the Lincoln Foundation, and in turn the Lincoln Institute, was to use research and education to help address the toughest challenges of the day. The gap between rich and poor that was an affront to John Lincoln persists, and translates into current issues including affordable housing, fiscal stability, and social justice. “The relevance is probably always going to be there, as long as there are people in cities and communities working to improve the quality of life, reduce poverty, and build wealth,” says Andrea Taylor, a long-serving Lincoln Institute board member who is now the chief diversity officer at Boston University. Taylor adds that the Lincoln Institute is “constantly thinking about how it can continue to reinvent itself in response to what is happening in our societies, both domestically and across the world.” As the world confronts the challenge of climate change, with severe drought and rising seas potentially reshaping land and land use in myriad ways, and as it contends with the social and economic consequences of the coronavirus pandemic, the notion of putting land on center stage seems especially prescient. These crises are prompting new thinking about density and land use, housing, transportation—and, ultimately, how to better express the fundamental principle that inspired the founding of the Lincoln Institute: fairness. Taylor describes the current moment as an opportunity to rethink equity and access to resources, including land, and to create resilience by finding new ways to build community. “Nothing is static in land and land use—there are always new opportunities for solving problems,” Taylor says. “The specific issues may change, but the underlying premise is based on people and place and space. I would think 75 years from now there will still be a big role for the Lincoln Institute to play, because these issues aren’t going away.” Anthony Flint is a senior fellow at the Lincoln Institute and a contributing editor of Land Lines. Photograph: Tomato fields, north central Ohio. Credit: Alex MacLean. Dawson, Virginia P. 1999. Lincoln Electric: A History. Cleveland, OH: History Enterprises Inc. Koller, Frank. 2010. Spark: How Old-Fashioned Values Drive a Twenty-First Century Corporation: Lessons from Lincoln Electric’s Unique Guaranteed Employment Program. New York, NY: Public Affairs. Lincoln Foundation. 1961–1973. Annual Reports. Lincoln Institute of Land Policy archives. Lincoln Institute of Land Policy. 1994. “Twentieth Anniversary Convocation.” Transcript of proceedings. September 24. Lincoln Institute of Land Policy archives. ———. 2002. “In Memoriam: Arlo Woolery.” Land Lines. April. https://www.lincolninst.edu/publications/articles/memoriamarlo-woolery. ———. 2018. “In Memoriam: David C. Lincoln, 1925–2018.” At Lincoln House blog. March 19. https://www.lincolninst.edu/news/lincoln-house-blog/memoriamdavid-c-lincoln-1925-2018. Moley, Raymond. 1962. The American Century of John C. Lincoln. New York, NY: Duell, Sloan and Pearce.	<urn:uuid:d297d0d7-a171-4ad5-b5d2-60ac27956510>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.lincolninst.edu/es/publications/articles/2021-01-life-of-an-idea-origins-impact-lincoln-institute-land-policy	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.962318	5,209	3.0625	3
It can be challenging for both you and your twins when they leave home. Read our twin mom blogger Siji Francis reflections about her girls leaving home soon. Read about twins in school and preschool. Find out whether or not children should be separated or stay together. Learn about twin jealousy, twin rivalry and sharing attention. Find out what you can do to help your children get along. Find the perfect photo frames for your twins pictures and get an overview of books about twins. You can get books for twin parents, siblings of twins or twins themselves. Look at twin Halloween costumes and The Shining twins costumes. Learn about twin studies and anorexia, ADHD and twins with autism. Find out about the risk of autism for one twin, if the other twin gets an autism diagnosis. Find toys and gifts for twins, and see discounts for families with twins. Find scholarships for twins whey they are getting ready for college and read about empty nest syndrome. Read our twin mom blogs and find out how other women with twins are doing. We have bloggers from several different parts of the world. This includes moms with twins in India, Canada, the U.S., Romania and Turkey. Read about teenage twins and alcohol and cannabis use and find out what you have to look out for. Learn about how dads level of affection impacts children’s personalities. When twin mom blogger Heather McMillian realized that her twins were on the autism spectrum, she couldn’t breathe. Read about how she coped, and learn more about twins and autism. Do you have twins with autism, or are you worried that one or both of twins twins might be on the spectrum? Learn more about twins and autism, and find out what having an Autism Spectrum Disorder means. Find the right twin pregnancy books and books on raising twins for mom and dad. Get an overview of many great children’s books about twins and find the ones that fit your family best. Starting in preschool can be tough. Read how Ioana Ungureanu’s twin boys coped with starting preschool, and how they dealt with separation issues. Sharing with a sibling can be hard, especially if you’re the same age. Read twin mom Leyla Gursakarya’s tips on how she deals with twin jealousy between her daughters. Find out what kind of picture frames to get and where to buy them. You can choose personalized photo frames for twins or you can choose to go with a theme, rhyme or quote. New research looks at separation of twins in school to find out whether or not separating them has a positive or negative educational outcome. New study looks at parents attachment to babies born preterm and at term. It also explores whether or not having twins affect parent-child attachment. A new study looks at parents relationship quality, the quality of mother–child relationships and whether or not they affect children’s externalizing problems.	<urn:uuid:c433b922-f0ae-4ab6-8a6e-723a94fcf26b>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://about-twins.com/category/children/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.938337	602	2.015625	2
Every Australian needs to roll up their sleeves, embrace their own ageing and rethink their interactions with older people, says Dr Catherine Barrett. The former nurse and passionate aged care advocate was one of five finalists selected for the prestigious 2018 Human Rights Medal announced in December. The Human Rights Awards, established in 1987, are the highest human rights award of Australia, bestowed by the Australian Human Rights Commission. “I believe that older people are one of the most interesting and wonderful cohorts of people on the planet, but somewhere along the way we’ve lost sight of this,” says Dr Barrett. “We need to turn this around, not just because older people deserve better but also because doing so would make the world a better place for all of us.” Dr Barrett has more than 30 years’ experience working with older people as a nurse, educator, capacity builder and academic. She is a national and international leader in the rights of older people; and has worked extensively with ageing LGBTI+ communities. Dr Barrett set up Celebrate Ageing, a national program challenging ageing and building respect for older Australians, in 2016. “I went to an Elder Abuse conference held in Adelaide and I thought I have to do something about it. I set up the website in 2013 but was working at the time at La Trobe University as a Senior Research Fellow and didn’t have much time. “I was doing important research but felt it wasn’t enough to change anything. I wanted to do more to encourage culture change.” Such a significant cultural shift requires a broad range of strategies, says Dr Barrett. “We need dozens of people around the country working on this massive issue so entrenched is culture.” Celebrate Ageing raises awareness through events, educational services and other programs to draw attention to issues such as elder abuse, sexual assault, dementia, ageism and the media, aged care facilities and more. “I have worked with older people since I started my nursing in 1979. I was hospital trained, worked in residential aged care and then went into academia. “Working in this space with older people, there’s not a lot of recognition on the issues of human rights. It’s about challenging ageism. One of the things we are doing is changing the narrative.” The Celebrate Ageing program focuses on education and capacity building. Under the banner of the Tea Cosy Project, the program has delivered educational workshops to service providers, older people and schools. Arts projects include: Love Cosies, art about older people who are loved; Insulator Cosies, stories about protecting against internalised ageism; Age-Friendly World, what ‘age friendly’ means to older people; Place365, photographs of older people and stories about their sense of place; and Spray Can, challenging ageist ads, comments and media. Dr Barrett is particularly passionate about addressing the sexual rights of older people. “Older people have sexual needs; and sexual health of older people needs to be addressed across the board. “Service providers do not see it a fundamental core business. We need to equip aged care service providers with resources. Where are the resources? We need a sexual rights framework, it’s not an optional extra.” Dr Barrett established the Opal Institute to promote the sexual rights of older people and challenge the ageist belief that older people are not sexual. The Institute delivers education and has developed resources to assist service providers, including a sexual wellbeing policy, and a sexual boundaries policy. The Power Project addresses prevention of sexual abuse of older women. “One in five Australian women have experienced sexual harassment or abuse; why do we not think this is happening to older women?” questions Dr Barrett. Two positive avenues to address change are currently underway, she says. “The Royal Commission into Aged Care: I want to ensure sexual abuse is on the agenda; that sexual abuse victims are heard. We need a lot of change in that space. “The other is the National Strategy for Elder Abuse. How we make sure all women who experience sexual abuse are counted. How can we put that into a national prevalence study, a national portal of sexual abuse of older women?” The Opal Institute released an educational resource in December. The film features Margarita Solis, a 96 year old sexual abuse victim who was a former war nurse. “She lost 20kg, couldn’t eat; she couldn’t sleep, and she lost faith in human kind. People started to care for her and she was transformed. The film encourages the power of listening,” says Dr Barrett.	<urn:uuid:e4c5014f-8275-43a8-83e6-c1b1231a483d>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://anmj.org.au/culture-shift-to-change-aged-care/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00264.warc.gz	en	0.964876	979	1.96875	2
If you want to create a mobile app from your HTML5 app in just a few easy steps, or are using PhoneGap (Apache Cordova) or Titanium for your apps, join us at the Web 2 App Camp. You will learn how to leverage most of your existing code built for HTML5 on the web, or for iOS and Android, to reach millions of new users and increase your app’s monetization on the Windows Platform. What’s in it for you? - Transform your Web App into a Mobile App: Learn how to use the Web App Template to quickly create Windows 8 and Windows Phone apps with live tiles, charms and offline support. - Reach New Users: With 100 million Windows 8 licenses sold in the first six months, and more than 250 million app downloads, you could benefit by reaching across devices from tablets to PCs to all in-ones, all with the same app. Port your app to make money on the Windows platform. - Free Tools: Explore the free tools in PhoneGap and Titanium to port your apps. If you are using Mac, get a complimentary iOS starter kit to help port your app. We’ll also provide access to Windows 8 and Windows Phone 8 devices so you can test your app. - Connect with Experts: Meet with Windows Phone and Windows 8 experts and community leaders to get answers to your technical questions. Also get technical and design guidance to ensure success in the Windows stores. - Rewards for Porting: Port your apps and you could earn rewards.* Come in with your project and code, and leave with a new app package for Windows Phone and Windows 8. - And there’s more. To make the learning even more fun, we will have a keynote speaker from your community – a PhoneGap core committer, an expert from the HTML5 community, or another local luminary. The event is free but places are limited, so sign up today! For more information: http://wootstudio.ca/porting/web2app	<urn:uuid:77bf8473-f97d-4224-aec6-e1de2ae8c9b1>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://altitudeaccelerator.ca/2014/02/free-web-2-app-camp/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00264.warc.gz	en	0.880516	420	1.773438	2
Suzanne Hubbard learned how to weave from Swedish master weaver Marguretta Grandin-Nettles on Nantucket Island in 1971. Pattern, structure, and texture feature prominently in Swedish weaving, and those elements attracted Suzanne to this particular technique. She travelled to Sweden where she continued to study weaving and textile design at two well-known handcraft schools, Sätergläntan in Dalarna and Capellagården on the island of Öland. Suzanne’s career has included weaving commissions, participating in decorator show houses, and exhibiting in both galleries and museums. Over the many years of weaving, however, her interest in pattern, structure, and texture has persisted. She has developed a deeper appreciation for the craft, the understanding of which is at the heart of her current work. Weaving’s patterning process resembles a life-patterning process. Therefore, in addition to its visual aspects, it also creates a non-verbal language that graphically expresses Nature’s world of interdependent relationships. Pattern, structure, and texture remain the primary elements in her work––and each tapestry expresses an important theme when seen from the integrated perspective of the whole tapestry.	<urn:uuid:fe089168-18f2-428b-9b9e-db4bd601400b>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://tapestryartists.org/galleries/suzanne-hubbard/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.943291	252	2.0625	2
Does Heavy Turnout Help Democrats in Presidential Elections? - Additional Document Info - View All There is conventional political wisdom that high voter turnout in a U.S. presidential election advantages the majority party. Because the Democratic party has been the dominant party in recent decades, this turnout advantage is often believed to accrue to Democratic presidential candidates. In an article in the June 1980 issue of the Review, James DeNardo challenged this conventional view. Indeed, he claimed that the majority party was likely to suffer with increased turnout when the behavior of core and peripheral voters is taken into account. Harvey J. Tucker and Arnold Vedlitz take issue with DeNardo's reasoning and evidence, and DeNardo embellishes and underscores his original case. American Political Science Review author list (cited authors) Tucker, H. J., Arnold Vedlitz, .., & DeNardo, J. complete list of authors Tucker, Harvey J\|\|DeNardo, James	<urn:uuid:9eed6273-8dbf-4659-b91f-6f8b6cc58285>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://vivo.library.tamu.edu/vivo/display/n101346SE	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.900976	252	2.34375	2
It all begin in 1937 when Sakichi Toyoda became the father of the Japanese Industrial Revolution after he founded Toyota Industries Corp. Who knew that with the partnership with his son Toyota would become the second in line as being one of the most successful and largest car business companies around the world. The purpose of this paper is to answer the question of how did Toyota became more successful over other countries around the world and to determine what other businesses can learn from Toyotas success. We plan to examine the culture of Japan, and the positive and negative effects technology has on the government, the economy, and the educational and religious system. If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help!Essay Writing Service A brief description of the culture of the selected country, e.g. its government, economy, educational and religious systems, and its status as a high-tech or low-tech nation (2 pages) History of Japan By Micheal Gonzales The history of Japan begins with their Asian decedents who are believed to have traveled to Japan through Korea. Japan rests in the Pacific Ocean and is separated by the Sea of Japan from the east coast of Asia. In 1542 a Portuguese ship made the first contact with Japan. This was an accidental finding due to the fact that the ship was off course in the Japanese waters. Japan history is traditionally believed to have started in 400 A. D. when the Yamato clan gained control of other family groups in central and western Japan. At this time, Buddhism was introduced to Japan by Korea. In the 700’s A.D. Japan was influenced by China and set up an imperial court and government similar to theirs. Samurai and shotguns were also a distinct class known. (Japan, 2008) Japanese Emperor Meiji transformed Japan from an agricultural country to a modern industrial country after a civil war in 1868. In 1870’s the Japanese business flourished. Many shipyards, mills, and railways manufacturing businesses were created. The first Japanese newspaper was published in 1871 (Lambert, 2010). In 1872 Education started in Japan and the western calendar was adopted following year. (Lambert, 2010) In 1878 military dramatically changed by modeling the techniques of the German armies and Britain navy. Japan captured Korea in 1910. In 1941 Japan perceived the United States as a threat so they cutoff oil supply to them and attacked the Pearl Harbor. Japan refused to give in to Truman and Churchill with ‘prompt and utter destruction’, but When the United States dropped an atomic bomb into Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan surrendered to their allies. The Liberal Democratic Party took power in 1955 and it ruled Japan from from 1955 to 2009. Tokyo is the capital city of Japan: approximated size is 145,882 Sq. Mi. Japan has four main islands; Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku. Japan’s official language is Japanese which has similarities to the Turkish and Mongolian languages. Some Japanese citizens are also fluent in Korean and Japanese Sign Language as well as other languages. English, Chinese and the Philippine are just a few languages that immigrated into Japan over time. Japan is governed by a Constitutional Monarchy (or head of state); Japanese General, Prince Komatsu Akihito is the 125th Emperor of Japan and he currently shares political power over the Japan with the Prime Minister Naoto Kan. Japan is third in line after the United States as having the largest economic system. Japan has a capitalistic (free market system) economic system. “The foundation of an economic system states (all): Citizens have the right to own private property Citizens have the right to own their own business and to keep the profit Citizens have the right to the Freedom of competition Citizens have the right to the freedom of choice (pg 35 cite).” Japan’s currency is the Yen. The exchange rate for eighty-three yen is equal to one United States dollar. Japanese economy boomed during the 1950s and 1960s . Japanese industry exported huge numbers of electronic goods and vehicles. The Japanese people saw a great improvement in their standard of living. Japan continued a rapid economic growth in the 1970s and 1980s while the rest of the world was in a recession. In the 1990s the period of rapid economic growth ended and a long recession began, although Japan remained a rich country. (Lambert, 2010) In 2000 Japan became the largest car producing nation in the world but lost its position to China in 2009. (Automotive industry in Japan, 2010) Japanese automotive manufacturers include Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Suzuki, Mazda, Mitsubishi, Subaru, Isuzu, Kawasaki, Yamaha, and the Mitsuoka (http://www.malaysiaminilover.com/japanese-car-market). In January 1896 First motor vehicle appeared in Japan was an imported motorcycle from plagiarized Germany. In February 1898 first automobile began to run in Japan French Panhard et Levassor from a French Trader. The first automobile made in Japan was a 1904 Yamaba’s omnibus, steam engine, and 1905 Yoshida’s omnibus, gas engine. (Iwatate, 1995). During the 1960s, Japanese automakers launched new kei cars in their domestic market to keep taxes much lower. Rapidly increasing demand, Japanese automobile manufacture expanded around the world. 2. A brief history of the technology’s development (2 pages) The History of Automotive Development in Japan By: Bruce Hudson Japan is one of the world’s leaders in development of automobiles. One of the first automobiles made in Japan was by a man named Komanosuke Uchiyama in 1902. He used a gasoline engine that had been bought by the United States. Japanese automakers have been established as a world class operation. Their innovations in manufacturing systems, management systems and materials are at levels that would not be matched by other nations until the mid 1990s. One of Japan biggest focus was safety. Car safety became an issue almost immediately after the invention of the automobile. Japan continues to make tremendous inroads in the world as the manufacture of automobiles. Just as Henry Ford mass produce cars to lower the price by interchangeable parts, work flow, division of labor, and reducing wasted effort, these principles are also at work in the way Japanese are mass producing cars today. It seems as though the Japanese can produce products and make them look and work better. Companies in the United States are unable or unwilling to do the same, which is one of the main reasons why car companies in the United States are failing. Companies in the United States could learn a great deal from Japanese automakers. If the car companies in the United States could have adopted the ways of the Japanese work ethics 30 or 40 years earlier, maybe those companies would be in a better situation than they are today. In addition, had they implemented some of Japan’s ideals, maybe car companies would not be enduring the financial crisis that they are in now. As an example, General Motors was one of the largest car companies in the United States, and now the government owns more than half of the company. General Motors once reigned as the world’s top producer in the auto industry for 70 years, yet now has gone through bankruptcy, restructuring and new management. Who would have expected such a dramatic change? However, 30 years ago, nobody could have guessed that this would be a global industry and would be significantly linked with the fate of our new civilization at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The Japanese takes pride in making the best product possible, which is one reason why the people of Japan is one of the world’s best in the development of automobiles. Who would have thought that Henry Ford invention would be out produced and better made by the Japanese car companies? 3. The specific impact (both positive and negative) that the technology has had upon the culture of the country, e.g. upon its government, economy, educational and religious systems (8-10 pages) The Impact of the Technology on the Government, the Economy, Educational and Religious System By: Jennifer Hawthorne and Jamerson Holloway Japan has one of the world’s most dynamic economies. Second only to the US, Japan’s GDP was a whopping $5.068 trillion in 2009 (Google.com. (2010). Gross Domestic Product – Japan. Retrieved 12/3/10 from http://www.google.com/publicdata?ds=wb-wdi&met=ny_gdp_mktp_cd&idim=country:JPN&dl=en&hl=en&q=japan+gdp). Japan’s economy is very dynamic in the sense that for two consecutive decades after World War II Japan’s economic growth exploded with rates as high as 10%. Although from 1980’s to 2000’s Japan’s economy hasn’t performed quite as well. Japan’s GDP grew steadily at only 0.8% annually. Japan has had to endure major retractions as high as 5%, in 2009, to its GDP in the periods between 2000 and the present. These retractions seem to be in line with the current economic situations facing many of the world’s economies. We are currently under a global economic crisis however; Japan is poised to withstand this test on its countries economic resolve. Post World War II Japan was less concerned with promoting its war machine. With global sanctions in place and limits on Japan’s military numbers Japan looked to solidify its historic existence by improving its science and technology industries. In the 1960’s The Industrial Structure Council was formed by the government. The major objectives of this organization were to execute research and development projects. Japan wanted to be perceived by the world as a science and technology leader. Therefore, Japan’s objective during the post war period was to recognize technological innovations and exploit these innovations thus increasing its competitiveness and generating economic growth. Japan realized that it had to identify the weaknesses within its industry. If Japan was going grow into the economic powerhouse it dreams of becoming it will have to own the patent rights of its technological discoveries. Because of its sponsorships of the engineer’s technology research and development, many of these discoveries were owned by the Japanese government. Japan wanted to develop new technologies, not just in the private sector but sheared with government assistance. Japan was especially interested is high risk and high cost technologies. The Japanese government was very instrumental with the advancement of technology early on and lawmakers allocated billions of dollars in government funding in pursuit of many of Japan’s technological endeavors. The Japanese realized that the pay offs for development of these long term investments would be exponential. Eventually the private sector took over the research and development supports of new technologies yet Japan still asserted itself as the chief benefactor. Japan has invested heavily in biotechnical research and was the world leader with its robotics technology. The oil crisis of the 1980’s caused Japan to look at the countries dependency on foreign oil. Japan realized that this dependency posed an enormous threat to its sovereignty as a nation. The Japanese government was very instrumental in providing the funding needed to pursue clean and alternative energy source technologies. The government provided its full support with its energy conservation efforts. To protect its sovereignty it had to employ a diversified energy plan and develop the technology which would provide itself with the protections for full self sufficiency. Japan was been supportive of these high cost long term research and development endeavors because they realized that many of the technological discoveries would have massive implications within society and the reward versus the risk would be extremely great for the patent holder. During the 1970’s Japanese technology dotted the technology landscape the world over. Japanese innovations were being utilized all over the globe. The Japanese were instrumental with leading research and development in aeronautics, mass production of durable goods, super express train motorization, and seismic and earthquake engineering. Japanese innovations in steel technology production nearly decimated the US steel industry. However Japan’s automobile industry would prove to be the crown jewel of its technological superiority. The history of automobile manufacturing may have roots in the US but the Japanese took the technological aspects of automobile technology to the next level. Japan is the 10th most populated country on the planet. Tokyo, with over 29 million residents, is the most densely populated area on Earth. The Japanese have the highest life expectancy rate of any group or country on Earth. With a population of over 125 million and a labor force of over 65 million, findings support the fact that Japan has a 51% employee to population ratio and only a 5.6% unemployment rate. It is a Japanese tradition to expect more from less. The Japanese not only examined current technologies and how to improve them, but they also looked at their individual selves and studied ways on how to self improve. The Japanese society is living and working longer and that gives the Japanese a competitive edge. Japan wanted to have a society of people where self motivation, drive and dedication to the countries core beliefs were the morale for its technological competitive superiority. Kaizen is a method or philosophy where continuous incremental improvements can be monitored and analyzed to discover where there may be needed improvement. The Japanese discovered that continuous improvements along with incremental adjustments over long periods of time resulted in measurable improvements in the production process. Teamwork, discipline, morale, quality and input are the five founding elements within this kaizen technology tool. Total quality management along with the Kaizen philosophy is the technology the Japanese instilled upon itself to expose inefficiencies and make adjustments to put itself at a more competitive position. Using this precise and formulated technique the Japanese made tremendous improvements on its production process technologies. Japan continues to be a world leader in its process production ratios. Our academic experts are ready and waiting to assist with any writing project you may have. From simple essay plans, through to full dissertations, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly matched to your needs.View our services Japan is a highly motivated society of people. The Japanese worker has a longer work week on average than the US worker. Their dedication and disciplines are evident at all levels of society. The Japanese consistently lead the world in education. This nation ranks among the highest in the world. Japanese students at the university level out perform their peers in mathematics and science. This desire or pursuit of achievement is embedded in the very culture of Japanese society. And the Japanese as a people reap the bounty of these efforts. After their defeat at World War II the Japanese conditioned themselves to be a much more disciplined society. Japan’s philosophy was it took no more than it needed, and would produce much more with less. This philosophy is what fueled the Japanese. It’s the cornerstone of their societal beliefs. The Japanese are a very competitive society and this is evident with a research report by Yuko Harayama titled, “Japan Technology Policy: History and a New Perspective.” (Harayama, Y. (2001). Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry. Japanese Technology Policy: History and a New Perspective. Retrieved 11/25/10 from http://www.rieti.go.jp/jp/publications/dp/01e001.pdf). Produced in 2001, this report shows the actual action plans to how the Japanese planned to propel itself atop the science and technology world. This next report examines the will of the Japanese people, “JILPT Research Report No. 76, Japanese Automotive Industry’s Labor-Management Relations and International Competitiveness – From Production, Production Technology and R & D Perspectives – Summary”. (Akiko, O., Atsushi, S., Mitsuru, Y., Mitsuo, I., Naoki, M., Yoshinori, T. (2005). Japanese Automotive Industry’s Labor Management Relations and International Competitiveness — From Production, Production Technology and R & D Perspectives – Summary. JILPT Research Report No. 76. Retrieved 12/3/10 from. http://www.jil.go.jp/english/reports/documents/jilpt-research/no76.pdf). This latter study was conducted in 2003 and its shows the continued resolve of the Japanese people to continually examine ways to be more productive. Japan has provided the world with great instruments of technology. This island nation has been instrumental in the development of technologies which have enhanced our global existence, challenged our minds and brightened our future. Japan has taken the lead in developing technologies which help us better to understand seismic activities, improved aerodynamics and environmental protection. Japan’s contribution to the world economy explains why it’s the second largest economy behind the US. Two of Japan’s most successful companies are Toyota and Honda. These two automobile companies have proven in the global marketplace that technology and innovation go hand in hand with consumer needs. The two automobile manufacturers collectively represent nearly 1/3 of the total global automobile market. That shows the will and determination of a people and a country with a long tradition of innovating technologies. The Japanese can be proud of their many technological achievements. Toyota is truly a star performer for the Japanese. It is one of the best selling automobile brands in history. Toyota’s reputation for durability and product longevity also leads the way with innovative automotive technology. For the past five years its popular Prius model has had the highest mpg rating by the EPA. The car company is doing its part to protect the environment by introducing and mass manufacturing the first plug-in hybrid vehicles. Toyota has been testing the durability of these hybrid electric vehicles in real world markets for several years and was the first automobile manufacturer to bring this product to the market. As global sentiment reflects changes in our consumption habits, Toyota is proving that you can do so much more with less. Its hybrid electric technology will define the next generation and help us reduce our carbon footprint. Toyota is convinced that the way of the automotive future is their plug-in hybrid technology. Amazingly enough religion does not play a great role in the life of the Japanese. Everyone has the choice of what religious views they want. Japanese have a very broad range of religions such as; Shinto, Buddhism, Confucian, Taoist, and even Christianity. Japan religion has a history that goes back over two thousand years. Shinto was most popular in the prehistoric times and centered around sacred powers. At the beginning of the Kamakura period, the most typical Japanese forms of Buddhism began. This occurred because Japanes court society was disrupted and people longed for assurance in faith and protection in a time of confusion and the state of being degenerate in mental or moral qualities. Christianity entered into Japanes religion by Fracis Xavier from 1506-1552. Within a hundred years Christianity rapidy became accepted by most and then destroyed.Christians were forced underground to continue their faith. Whith the threat joined with Christianity, all foreign influences were closed to Japan and Buddhism became formalized. The Association of Shinto Shrines (independent of the government) came from Japan’s defeat in the Second World War. This once again allowed new religions and practices to develop. Most of the spiritual heritage of Japan has been lost between the changing of modern life. Today, there is full religious freedom in Japan, allowing any religion or belief to be practiced. In Japan, almost all students progress, voluntarily, to the upper secondary level at the elementary and lower secondary levels. Private education is most popular in the upper secondary and university levels. Following the end of World War II, Japan’s education system plays a huge role in Japan’s recovery and rapid economic growth. German and French models were used to design the Japanese education system because experts found them to be most suitable and most benefitial to the students. After World War II, in 1947, the Fundamental Law of Education (also known as “The Education Constitution”) and the School Education Law were enacted. The Law mandates six years of elementary school, three years of junior high, three years of high school, and two to four years of college. In Japan, the school year starts in April and has three terms. They are alloted short holidays in spring and winter and one month summer break. Entrance exams are required for most high schools and universities as well as some private junior high and elementary schools. Before a student can even take an entrance exam, they must attend special preparation schools outside of their regular classes. According to the Japanese Educational Reform they focus on three major points: Emphasis on Idividuality (focuses on themselves and helps them become more creative), Emphasis on Life Long Learning (helps them learn at a higher level of thinking), and Emphasis on preparing students with information that will help them cope with change and succeed in society (helps them acquire and apply skills that they learn). With the education levels rising, companies now expect more from their employees. This also allows for higher incomes than before, which in turn allows for a better lifesyle. By having a higher income, the standard of living rises. To reverse roles, because of the rising education levels, employers are expected to provide a lot more. Stable employment, and opportunities for training are of most importance to an employee. For an employee that has no education, they are apt not to say too much about it, but for an educated person, expectations are higher. In reference to education, even the automobile industry is interesting in making sure everyone has one. The Japan Automible Manufacturer Association (JAMA) sponsor advance level language programs around the world. Forbes named Sakichi Toyoda the 13th most influential businessman of all times (Forbes, 2005). What can other business learn from the success of Toyotaâ€¦â€¦. 4. And the moral and ethical issues brought about by the technology and how the country has dealt with these issues (4-5 pages). Moral and Ethical Issues By: Felicia Funches This paper will focus on the moral and ethical plans and actions in which Toyota has taken to ensure the viability of their Tsutsumi Prius Hybrid automobile plant and its environment in Japan. The specific focus will be the energy used in the plant, the plants manufacturing processes, and the natural environment around the plants. Upon completion of the plants focus to maintain viability we will then look at the plan of action to make as small a footprint on the earth as Toyota can by recycling. Toyota’s recycling plans will include the development, production, use, and disposal of the automobile and all of its parts. Upon completion of this paper you will be able to see the broad strokes that Toyota has taken to morally and ethical assist in the environmental fight against global warming, reducing pollution, and waste throughout Japan and the world. Toyota has taken groundbreaking technology and pushed the envelope time and time again. Using the proven kaizen initiatives Toyota has developed the Prius Hybrid automobile plant in Tsutsumi Japan that has defied the way the things are done in buildings and manufacturing processes. The plant was developed to harmoniously exist well into the future with the environment which surrounds it by giving back and not just taking. We first look at the energy used in the plant and it’s affect on the environment. The plant is situated on as much green landscape as possible and powered by solar panels that sit within the environment and attached to the production buildings. The solar power generated reduces oil consumption by 2,500 two-liter drums per year to provide 2.000kw of power. http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/tech/hybrid/plant/index.html The outside of the plant is also covered by a paint that uses sunlight to create a chemical reaction which cleans the air at a rate of two thousand poplar trees for every area measured at 2,2000m2. The plants manufacturing process is equally situated to be proficient in every aspect of production. The plant used mechanical tools that function like robots to lessen mistakes. It also has incorporated rakuraku seats for employees who work in and outside of the cab of the vehicle. This seat allows them to move freely inside and outside of the vehicle reducing strain and the possibility of injuries do to repeated movements throughout the day. All tools are also kept in the exact same location to ensure ease of use by all employees. There are also recycling centers located at each production line to ensure no waste is left on the floors are the stations. With this streamlined process Toyota has been able to produce a Prius Hybrid every minute. The plants natural environment is also a major concern for Toyota who has set out to ensure the sustainability of their plant long into the future while by reducing their footprint. The plant is situated in way that it has as less impact on the environment as possible while also allowing the environment to gain from its previous processes. The grounds around the plant have trees and plants that are indigenous to the region planted strategically for the purpose of cleaning the air by absorbing nitro-oxides. The trees have been planted to be a forest around the plant. The plant life and vegetation are grown to cover the walls of the plant so that it also blends in with the environment. The trees used are the Evergreen Broadleaf, Camphor, Japanese Cleylera, and the Japanese Blue Oak. The plant is also situated near a river and uses 5,000 tons of water a day. This water is processed and released back into the river five times cleaner than the river water. This is helping to clean the river of pollutants and helping to ensure viability of fish and wildlife that drink from these rivers. In looking at the complete process from beginning to end, we see that Toyota is one of the major front runners in the race to improve our environment by creating new ways of sustainability with both it and technology harmoniously working together. Cite This Work To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: Related ServicesView all DMCA / Removal Request If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please:	<urn:uuid:b2cbb538-90d2-4483-8f8e-b311e990fdd1>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.ukessays.com/essays/history/japanese-industrial-revolution-and-the-toyota-industries-corp-history-essay.php	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.963774	5,422	2.953125	3
Defining Sustainable Competitiveness With the 1987 publication of the report Our Common Future, sustainable development was defined as the “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”8 The breadth of the definition was meant to capture the several dimensions of development that go beyond the usual boundaries of economic growth in order to include both the tangible and intangible necessities of life. The concept of sustainable competitiveness places more emphasis than the concept of sustainable development does on the importance of productivity as a driver of prosperity and long-term growth. We define sustainable competitiveness as the set of institutions, policies, and factors that make a nation productive over the longer term while ensuring social and environmental sustainability. Social sustainability, in turn, is defined as the institutions, policies, and factors that enable all members of society to experience the best possible health, participation, and security; and that maximize their potential to contribute to and benefit from the economic prosperity of the country in which they live. And we define environmental sustainability as the institutions, policies, and factors that ensure an efficient management of resources to enable prosperity for present and future generations. Fundamental to the concept of sustainable competitiveness is the notion that, although competitiveness can be equated with productivity, sustainable competitiveness can be linked to a broader concept that focuses on aspects that go beyond mere economic outcomes to include other important elements that render societies sustainably prosperous by ensuring high-quality growth. Another way of looking at the concept of sustainable competitiveness is that it aims to gauge not only whether a country has the potential to grow over the medium and long term, but whether the national development process is producing the kind of society in which we want to live. Competitiveness and environmental sustainability The concepts of competitiveness and environmental sustainability are linked at both the country and the firm level. At the country level, because Earth’s natural resources are either limited or are renewed at a specific physical rate, finding an appropriate combination of technology and the planet’s carrying capacity could prevent the limitations of resources from becoming a drag on growth. Developing sustainable practices could also, to a certain extent, fuel productivity. For example, biodiversity can be an important source of innovation. At the firm level, the impact of environmental regulations on productivity is still controversial, especially if externalities are not taken into account. However, many companies have started to become more aware that environmental challenges such as pollution, climate change, and resource scarcity could affect them (see Box 2). First, these challenges could affect a firm’s bottom line at some point in time, for example through frequent supply chain disruptions resulting from unforeseen meteorological catastrophes (which are thought to be affected by climate change). Second, stricter environmental regulations could also impact business operations, for example when businesses must face higher prices for commodities used as inputs of production. And third, as consumers become more aware of environmental sustainability issues, companies become more concerned about reputational risks.9 Consequently, the business sector has started to take a keener interest in environmental issues than it did a couple of decades ago. This is evidenced in the increasing number of companies voluntarily reporting on their emissions,10 and in the number of financial management firms signing on to the United Nation’s Principles for Responsible Investment.11 Companies are also taking action on issues that may impact the sector in which they do business. For example, food-processing companies have put forward and supported initiatives relating to water scarcity because this scarcity may have—in some cases is already having—an impact on crops and therefore on the supply of raw materials and cost of commodities. Another example is the information technology (IT) sector, where “sustainability is fast becoming an important corporate-performance metric.”12 Information technology companies—concerned with energy costs, reputational risks, and difficulties they confront in continuing to expand their capacity—are beginning to reduce their footprint by adopting “greener data centers” that significantly reduce energy demand. The relationship between environmental sustainability and competitiveness is multifaceted and affects an economy in different ways. Multiple channels support a positive relationship between environmentally sustainable practices and productivity gains; here we identify and describe the main ones: - Efficient use of natural resources. The efficient use of natural resources includes both managing exhaustible raw materials and using renewable resources within their regenerative capacity in order to minimize production costs, ensure their availability for future generations, and reduce pollution. As described by the literature on public goods, welfare increases once the negative externalities generated by pollution are corrected.13 It follows that environmental sustainability can bring about a better economic outcome if it is associated with formal or informal institutions that define property rights and result in the adoption of sustainable processes over the use of scarce resources. - Carbon reduction. Climate change is a global issue, but its impact on individual countries and companies is significant. Some sectors are more exposed than others: agriculture is the most exposed to the effects of climate change such as rise of temperature, water scarcity, and extreme weather. Although solutions for global emission reductions require international coordination, carbon-reducing business practices can have a positive effect on long-term competitiveness. In the context of rising energy demand, improving energy efficiency through management changes, investing in technology improvement, and using low-carbon energy infrastructure can produce significant savings relatively quickly.14 In addition, investments in capital expenditures for emission reduction can generate business opportunities for new sectors Climate change is already perceived as one of the environmental challenges with the most far-reaching and most severe negative impact on human well-being, but the debate on how to address it most efficiently is still ongoing. Some studies support the position that increasing energy efficiency and introducing emissions standards are more costly to the economy as a whole than the use of carbon pricing,15 while others see carbon taxes as having more negative impact on the economy in the short run. For example, according to a study by the Congressional Budget Office of the United States,16 the impact of a carbon tax could be detrimental to output in the short run by raising the cost of energy and transport; however, this cost could be partially offset by cuts in marginal income taxation. In the longer run, a higher pricing of carbon-intensive goods would reduce emissions and thus reduce the taxation level and the initial economic drag associated with it. One more element to take into account is the impact of externalities linked to climate change. Choosing a less carbon-intensive development path generates returns by reducing losses that result from climate change. For example, the negative impact of climate change on crops is already documented.17 There is also agreement that climate change gives rise to extreme weather, which in turn can destroy tangible assets such as infrastructure, public facilities, and industrial stocks. These weather events interrupt the regular flow of goods and services both within and between countries. According to an estimate of the 2007–2008 UN Human Development Report, to reach the Millennium Development Goals by 2015, the cost associated with coping with a more hostile climate since 2007 is approximately US$85 billion per year more than would be required to achieve these same goals if climate change did not have to be considered. To take one example, the recent floods in the Balkans are, according to scientists, probably linked to climate change.18 According to the World Health Organization,19 this event has caused the death of almost 60 people and displaced over 60,000 more. Looking at its economic impact alone, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development reports physical damages estimated at €1.5–€2 billion in Serbia and about €1.3 billion in Bosnia and Herzegovina, particularly affecting agriculture, power generation, mining, and transport infrastructure. - Improved health. A high-quality natural environment improves the productivity of the workforce by reducing health damage caused by pollution or environmental degradation. Since health affects productivity and pollution affects health, efforts to reduce pollution may be interpreted as an investment in human capital. Recent empirical evidence has indicated that, in the United States, ozone levels below federal air quality standards have a positive impact on productivity (a 10 parts per billion decrease in ozone concentrations raises worker productivity by 4.2 percent).20 Finally, environment-driven health problems lead to resource misallocation, forcing governments to fund additional, and otherwise unnecessary, health programs and diverting resources that would otherwise go into productivity-enhancing investments in, for example, education or innovation. - Biodiversity for innovation. Ultimately, environmental degradation can impact the way ecosystems work and reduce biodiversity. Biodiversity supports the productivity of the workforce by providing food, fiber, shelter, and natural medicines, and it regulates the water supply and air quality. According to the Convention on Biodiversity,21 more than 1.3 billion people in the world depend on biodiversity and on basic ecosystem goods for their livelihoods. Biodiversity losses caused by deforestation or significant land use changes—which today are estimated to be 100 to 1,000 times greater than is thought to occur naturally—increase the vulnerability of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and induce changes in climate and ocean acidity.22 Biodiversity is also a key driver of economic growth, especially in developing countries, because it provides the basis for many innovations in areas such as pharmaceutical or cosmetic products. At the same time, interfering with ecosystems may make living conditions for humans more difficult and perhaps engender additional costs. Last but not least, biodiversity restoration and protection can create profitable business opportunities, incentivizing the development of new technologies and products for their utilization in still-unexplored markets. Furthermore, investing in the greening of tourism can reduce the cost of energy, water, and waste and thus enhance the value of biodiversity, ecosystems, and cultural heritage.23 Competitiveness and social sustainability Interest among economists and social scientists in the relationship between income distribution and economic performance has been growing over the last 20 years. Although the findings are not yet conclusive, the diverging patterns in income of different population clusters in developing and developed economies alike are certainly tangible and explain the broad interest around this topic. However, the concept of social sustainability goes beyond just inequality. Although there is no unique consensus around the concept of social sustainability, it is possible to identify recurring themes in the different definitions that have been proposed so far. Human rights, equity, and social justice are among the most relevant. Since the recommendations of the Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi Commission in 2009,24 many attempts have been made to identify the relationship between social sustainability and development. However, empirical evidence to support the theory that the two are interdependent remains somewhat inconclusive. More recently the concept of inclusive growth has entered international discourse. Although not yet universally defined, inclusive growth looks at how countries can achieve growth and balanced social outcomes simultaneously. Box 3 describes a related initiative on inclusive growth launched at the World Economic Forum, which attempts to respond to this challenge. Recent events in different parts of the world have generated concerns that an unbalanced social model can undermine the stability of the growth process for both current and future generations. If economic benefits are perceived to be unevenly distributed within a society, and this inequality leads to significant social discontent, the capacity of individuals to contribute to and benefit from higher rates of economic growth can be affected. Based on our definition of sustainable competitiveness, specified above, we analyze here those dimensions of social sustainability that are likely to fuel productivity and long-term prosperity while at the same time preserving social stability. Our aim is to unbundle the most relevant elements, even if they are often interrelated and not always clearly distinct: - Inclusion. An inclusive society ensures that all citizens contribute to and benefit from the economic prosperity of their country. Inclusion is a prerequisite for social cohesion because, if some members of the community are marginalized, the society will lack the necessary coherence of goals to accomplish common purposes. Typical examples of social exclusion that have a considerable negative impact on the competitiveness of a nation are the lack of access to basic necessities, discrimination according to gender, youth marginalization, and extreme polarization of income. Any type of social exclusion that prevents people from fully participating in the labor market reduces the availability of talent to a country’s firms and organizations, thereby reducing competitiveness. Lack of access to sanitation, drinkable water, or healthcare can dramatically impair labor productivity, reducing the ability of the economy to compete globally. At the same time, when young people are marginalized by the labor market and have access only to short-term and highly volatile jobs, they remain vulnerable, especially during downturns. These workers usually receive less on-the-job training than their counterparts in stable positions, thus reducing the overall level of human capital. Finally, the participation and empowerment of women is key to ensuring a large talent pool and tends to bring about other positive effects, such as reducing infant mortality, reducing poverty, improving the management of scarce resources, reducing conflict, and guaranteeing food security. - Equity and cohesion. An equitable society guarantees the same opportunities for all its members, rewarding them according to their talents and fairly redistributing the benefits of growing wealth,25 creating a cohesive society with no excessive income disparities across different groups. Inequality is a multidimensional concept. For the purposes of this Report, we are mainly interested in income inequality, which certainly represents one of the biggest challenges for policymakers globally and which is highly correlated with access to other opportunities. Although some earlier literature found a positive relationship between growth and inequality, more recent research tends to find the opposite, via the following channels: first, high levels of inequality can potentially distort the political process;26 second, inequality can lead to reduction in human capital investments;27 third, it may require more redistributive efforts, thus potentially introducing more market distortions; fourth, in presence of weak institutions, it can lead to economically harmful social tensions; and finally, in countries defined as “wage-led,” a more equal distribution of income tends to deliver higher output.28 Persistent inequalities tend to limit upward social mobility, preventing gifted and hard-working individuals from being rewarded according to their talents. However, it can be argued that some degree of disparity—provided it is not driven by rent positions—is actually beneficial for growth because it incentivizes people to invest in education, work harder, and be more innovative and productive. - Resilience. A social system is resilient when it can absorb temporary or permanent shocks and adapt to quickly changing conditions without compromising its stability. Formal or informal institutions usually perform the role of shock absorber, reducing the vulnerability of the society as a whole. In advanced economies, welfare states promote the economic and social well-being of the society by protecting their members from excessive loss of income during old age and during periods of unemployment or illness. Although welfare systems represent a source of stability for an economy, they can turn into a hurdle for its competitiveness since overly generous social security programs increase labor costs; can undermine the stability of public finances and limit macro-stabilization policies; and can hamper the incentives to work, innovate, and excel. In order to be sustainable, a social protection system needs to be well balanced and affordable. The resilience of a social system also depends on the features of its labor market and on the extent of the black economy. When workers have access only to short-term contracts or vulnerable employment, they are exposed to negative shocks and to all the costs associated with unemployment. Moreover, a widespread black economy may affect the resilience of a social system, since informal workers are more vulnerable to concerns related to job loss, old age, maternity, disability, or illness. Relationship between environmental and social sustainability The third and final relationship we would like to explore is the one between environmental and social sustainability. The quality of the environment and the structure of a society are clearly correlated. On the one hand, well-managed natural resources increase the quality of life, reduce tensions within and between generations, provide better opportunities for the whole community, and improve the resilience of the society. Moreover, the management of natural resources might translate into “in-kind” income distribution, as resource scarcity may leave the poorest of the population unable to access basic necessities. On the other hand, widespread prosperity, which facilitates a high quality of life, requires a functioning economy that, by definition, uses natural resources. For this reason, although the academic literature tends to focus on these two dimensions individually, the World Economic Forum is interested in exploring the way environmental and social sustainability interact with one another. In this chapter, selected channels that have been extensively highlighted by the literature are presented: - Health and environmental degradation. As discussed in the previous section, a degraded environment negatively affects the health, and thus the productivity, of the workforce. It also reduces the overall quality of life of members of the society. Each year, air pollution, unsafe drinking water, and exposure to chemical products contribute to a number of often-lethal diseases both in the developed and developing world. According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD),29 unsafe water supplies, lack of sanitation, and poor hygiene are responsible for 3 percent of all deaths worldwide, of which 90 percent are children’s. An unhealthy environment dampens economic opportunities, prevents people from participating in the life of the community, diverts resources from productive uses, and contributes to urban decline. - Demography, poverty, and the environment. The relationship between demography and environmental/social sustainability is extremely intricate. Rapidly growing populations can be a source of environmental stress, leading to greenhouse gas emissions, high rates of soil erosion, and the extinction of species. If rapid population growth is not accompanied by environmental management, it can give rise to tensions between groups for the control of scarce resources and can therefore be a source of further social instability, creating a vicious circle. Persistent poverty may also affect the environment and may lead to massive unplanned urbanization, such as slums, where large segments of the population are without access to basic services. Such settlements can have significant repercussions for the environment, including deforestation and the pollution of water resources, which results from the lack of waste management. - Energy and social stability. Increases in energy prices disproportionately affect the real purchasing power of the lowest earners in the society, because the elasticity of energy demand (fuel and electricity) is relatively rigid in the short run. Rising energy prices can therefore exacerbate income polarization. In societies where the purchasing power of significant segments of the population is low, high energy prices can endanger the affordability of basic services unless the loss of purchasing power is offset by fiscal policies. An additional link between energy, environment, and social sustainability is the use of particular alternative energy sources such as ethanol and biodiesel. Although these types of energy sources help to reduce CO2 emissions, they also use wide land areas and contribute to increased food prices. Moreover, these alternatives also have significant environmental impact in the form of additional pressure on water resources. Hence, the assessment of energy policies needs to be based on a holistic view that takes into consideration a broad spectrum of environmental and social consequences. - Climate change, food security, and conflict.30 In the future, rising sea levels and more extreme weather conditions may force millions of people to migrate, adding pressure to natural resources—especially water—in the destination areas. Rising competition over these resources could eventually result in military conflict. Adverse changes in temperature and precipitation have started to affect the capacity of many areas to produce food, thus increasing the vulnerability of the population. According to some studies, at present 1.7 billion people live in water-stressed countries. Industrialization and demographic forces are likely to further aggravate the situation, and climate change may exacerbate the situation even more by decreasing stream-flow and groundwater recharge. Pressure on water resources and land, combined with a growing world population and rising poverty in some regions, may also aggravate migration and food security concerns, which already represent major problems today.31 At present, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations estimates that approximately 850 million people globally (or 12 percent of the world’s population) are without sufficient access to food or are malnourished; these people are concentrated mostly in the developing world.32 In less-developed countries, decreasing crop yields may lead to further exploiting degraded land, while globally, changing environmental conditions are reducing crop productivity. This constellation of pressures may increase food insecurity in the long term, even in areas where food availability is relatively secure today, which in turn may lead to exacerbate poverty and migration phenomena. - Climate change and women’s empowerment.33 According to a growing body of research, climate change is not gender neutral. In many rural and traditional societies in Africa, women are responsible for securing water, food, and energy for cooking and heating. But the effects of climate change such as droughts, heat waves, infections encouraged by rising temperatures, deforestation, and uncertain rainfall make it harder for these women to secure the resources they need. This, in turn, further weakens their position in society and reduces opportunities to better their lives and that of their families.	<urn:uuid:6ee45266-bd79-492a-aff2-8c23f3ae2242>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2014-2015/defining-sustainable-competitiveness/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.943804	4,280	3.46875	3
You might have thought about retiring in Coopersburg, Pennsylvania or simply keen on learning more about the city. Regardless, shifting to a brand new city can be a huge decision to make. Let’s explore the factors you need to take into consideration should you wish to retire in Coopersburg, PA. Living in Coopersburg, Pennsylvania Coopersburg is a tiny borough situated in Pennsylvania, with a population of roughly 2,500. The city has had a population growth rate of 6.6% in the last five years and 2.0% in the previous. Coopersburg has a suburban vibe, ideal for families seeking more space rather than being in highly dense cities. It is also a good area to bring up children. Coopersburg ranks decently across crime, education, diversity, and cost of living. Who Lives in Coopersburg? Residents in the city are typically middle-aged adults, with the average age approximately 47 years old. A regular family in Coopersburg typically has 3 people, including parents and children. Coopersburg ranks number 6,172 in terms of diversity on a national level. Pros of Living in Coopersburg Cost of Living: Cost of living is a huge factor to think about when one chooses a new place to retire in. Coopersburg’s cost of living is lesser than the majority of the cities and national average. Although certain areas can cost more than others on a federal and state level, the overall median of utilities, housing costs, transportation, grocery items, healthcare, and miscellaneous goods and services are cheaper. Education: Education in Coopersburg scores high on statewide and national levels compared to other cities. Calculations for these rankings take into account factors such as enrollment rates, public school graduation rates, student and parent reviews, and teacher to student ratios. Livability: Overall, Coopersburg’s livability score is higher than average. The score takes into account crime, education, cost of living, and the overall happiness of residents measured as a predictive index. Crime: Crime rates here are lower than in other Suburban areas, statewide and nationally. Approximately half of the residents here think about crime and safety on a daily basis. Cons of Living in Coopersburg The city’s population of roughly 2,500 residents means that it is considered tiny. A variety of surveys have suggested that economic conditions leave a more negative impact on small towns than bigger cities. At the end of the day, what makes a city a great place to retire in is subjective. Certain individuals might prefer to live in a bigger city with more choices available, rather than a small city with a close-knit community – as long as the city provides what they want and need. A city can be a wonderful place to live in if it has everything a resident is looking for. A city also needs to prioritize safety; people should feel safe and comfortable being outdoors at night and crime needs to be mitigated. Amenities are also as important; a city should have green spaces and parks, alongside a selection of bars and restaurants. Lastly, a city should have diversity. There must be a variety of religions and cultures in a community, and people should feel welcome to reside in any part of the city. A place that meets all these criteria makes a great home.	<urn:uuid:389bf21a-9297-467c-b93c-f8549e0cbfcf>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.rittenhousevillages.com/assisted-living-blog/the-advantages-of-retiring-in-coopersburg-pa/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.958865	686	1.515625	2
10 Reasons Why the Taliban Will Not Win in Afghanistan Bad news from Afghanistan almost each day. Again a bomb killed many civilians in Kabul: 90 died and 400 were wounded at the Zanbaq Square in the diplomatic quarter near the German and other embassies in the morning of May 31, 2017. Will the Taliban take the country back? Was everything in vain, a lost victory? Thousands of lives and billions of dollar, just for nothing? Many fear the worst and most media write just the negative. This is my true real Afghanistan: - Good and friendly people. - They want to live just like many of us do in peace, with regular jobs and surrounded by their families - Only a small minority of maybe five percent are radicals. Many are conservative, but not radicals. After 30 years of involvement in Afghanistan – supporting the Mudjahedin in 1985 and with the expertise of the World Security Network in Afghanistan, Pakistan and FATA since 2002 and visits in Afghanistan in 2011 and 2013 , I can predict the following: - Even after the ISAF mission ended in 2014, the Taliban cannot win the country, nevertheless the gained more support the last years. For them to conquer the country is a mission impossible. - They control more provinces, but not the nerve center of Afghanistan, the larger cities. - It it very easy for them to place bombs and kill people in the cities. But they cannot overrun them easy, as they did once in Kunduz in the north. - It is easy for them to control larger parts in the country side, supported by drug money. - Still the government in Kabul is weak and corrupt and radical reforms are necessary. - What is needed most is much more regional autonomy. Only this fits to the tribal structure of the country. America pressed the country in an unstable central structure- the main strategic mistake by the West after 9/11. General John Nicholson, the commander of the Resolute Support Mission and U.S. Forces Afghanistan, gave a clear picture about the gains of the Taliban to the US Senate Armed Services Committee just recently. We met at the Munich Security Conference 2016 and discussed strategy, including the wisdom of my biography of Pentagon strategist Dr Fritz Kraemer, a book his father has given to him. His main facts on the ground: - The war is a stalemate. - The Afghan government controls today just 57 percent of the country, down from 72 percent a year earlier. A success would be they control 80 percent. - Heavy casualties for the Afghan forces. - Thousand of more troops are needed for more training, especially special forces in need. It is different from Iraq, where the Shiite government pushed the Sunni tribes into the hands of Daesh (ISIS) with a deadly wrong exclusive power-policy. For me the glass is about three quarters full. Here are my 10 reasons why the Taliban cannot win in Afghanistan: - The Taliban lack the support of the people and have no viable vision for the future of the country. - More bombs just drive the people away from them. - The Afghan Army and police are fighting them considerably well. They are not perfect and sometimes weak, but strong enough to deny the Taliban a victory. - The U.S. and NATO will continue their support for training and not repeat the mistake of Iraq to go out with all troops too soon, leaving a vacuum. - The foreign troops have left with only a limited training mission still in the country. Now the battle is between the Afghans and not against a foreign invader. - A new young generation with smartphones is in charge, with better educations, including the girls. - There are many media outlets reporting. - The elections showed broad interest and support for the political process. - After 13 years the Afghans have emancipated themselves from the Taliban past. - The Taliban lost long-time support from Pakistan, the ISI and safe havens in FATA. Too many in the Pakistani military used the option to influence the neighbor in the West versus India by the Afghan-Taliban. For too long they ignored it as a deadly threat for stability inside Pakistan as well. The bombing of an Army school in Peshawar and too many attacks by the Pakistani Taliban and other radicals on military installations in Pakistan pushed this misperception away. Make no mistake, you will hear bad news from Afghanistan. Each week for the next years. It is fairly easy for the Taliban to detonate bombs anywhere – but it is not possible to win the country, the north or large cities back in their favour. Afghanistan is still dangerous – but peace will prevail at the end. I also predict that ISIS/Daesh will not have success in Afghanistan, as it does in Iraq. I would like to thank the brave U.S. soldiers, ISAF and all the soldiers from Afghanistan and foreign countries involved in making this turnaround possible. Their many losses since 2001 will not be forgotten. What can be done now? - The containment of the Taliban will proceed with financial support. - Corruption must be fought tirelessly with real reconciliation as well as peace-talks with the Taliban involving Pakistan are necessary. - The young people need jobs and a perspective for the future. - Around 8,000 more US soldiers are needed to stabilize the country, as requested by Gen. Nicholson. Photo: Globalo-Founder Dr Hubertus Hoffmann meeting the future of Afghanistan on the market of Kabul and meeting ISAF commander Gen. Petraeus in Mazar-e-Sharif in 2011.	<urn:uuid:3a155f07-aaec-4605-9f36-e3da86f23e34>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.worldsecuritynetwork.com/Other/deleted-users/10-Reasons-Why-the-Taliban-Will-Not-Win-in-Afghanistan	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.946083	1,146	1.757813	2
The McHenry County Department of Health (MCDH) wants to remind those who recently ate at El Sombrero in Fox River Grove, and are in sensitive occupations, to exclude themselves from work and seek medical evaluation if experiencing any symptoms of gastrointestinal illness. El Sombrero has voluntarily closed and continues to cooperate with McHenry County health officials during the investigation. To avoid spreading the illness, exclusion from work after symptoms develop is critical for people who are employed in sensitive occupations — food handlers, healthcare workers and daycare workers. If you serve in a sensitive occupation and develop symptoms, please see your healthcare provider and request testing right away. If that is not an option, please contact the MCDH at (815) 334-4500 and ask to speak with someone in the communicable disease program. Salmonella is a food-borne bacterium that cannot be detected by sight, taste or smell. Once consumed it could result in symptoms of illness including nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, chills, fever or blood in the stool. On September 3, the MCDH requested those who ate at the restaurant complete a survey to aid health officials in their investigation. MCDH appreciates the cooperation of county residents who completed the online illness investigation survey. The additional information provided was extremely valuable in moving the investigation forward. The survey is now closed. Individuals with additional questions may contact MCDH at (815) 334-4510. Salmonella: Marler Clark, The Food Safety Law Firm, is the nation’s leading law firm representing victims of Salmonella outbreaks. The Salmonella lawyers of Marler Clark have represented thousands of victims of Salmonella and other foodborne illness outbreaks and have recovered over $800 million for clients. Marler Clark is the only law firm in the nation with a practice focused exclusively on foodborne illness litigation. Our Salmonella lawyers have litigated Salmonella cases stemming from outbreaks traced to a variety of foods, such as cantaloupe, tomatoes, ground turkey, salami, sprouts, cereal, peanut butter, and food served in restaurants. The law firm has brought Salmonella lawsuits against such companies as Cargill, ConAgra, Peanut Corporation of America, Sheetz, Taco Bell, Subway and Wal-Mart. If you or a family member became ill with a Salmonella infection, including Reactive Arthritis or Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), after consuming food and you’re interested in pursuing a legal claim, contact the Marler Clark Salmonella attorneys for a free case evaluation.	<urn:uuid:926ee09f-117b-41cb-8711-d28a74c17727>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.foodpoisonjournal.com/foodborne-illness-outbreaks/el-sombrero-in-fox-river-grove-salmonella-outbreak-still-under-investigation/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.944562	536	1.773438	2
Michael MacKay, Radio Lemberg, 23.02.2019 Russian information warfare against Ukraine is total war. In the hands of the Kremlin, every aspect of communications, news, and entertainment is in the service of Putin’s War. The common theme of war propaganda for Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is that Ukraine is “not a real country” and that Rooskiy Mir (the Russian World) is the natural state of all Slavs. Muscovy über Alles, über alles in der Welt. In the context of the Russian Federation’s five year long war against Ukraine, the Russians have produced a weapon of information warfare in the form of a film about World War II. Called “T-34,” the film ostensibly is about the heroism of Russians against Germans. But using the mindset of Soviet propaganda, the film’s protagonists are ‘true’ Russians or ‘Great Russians’ and the film’s antagonists are irredeemably evil ‘fascist’ enemies. The Russian Federation is invading Ukraine in Crimea and part of Donbas. Although it is a total lie, Kremlin propaganda presents Putin’s War as ‘true’ Russians defending themselves against Ukrainian ‘fascists’ or ‘Banderists.’ The film “T-34” projects this Russian disinformation and hate propaganda against the Ukrainian people. Nikita Mikhalkov is one of the film’s producers. He has spread Kremlin lies about the Revolution of Dignity of the Ukrainian people being a ‘NATO coup’ and supported the illegal so-called ‘annexation’ of Crimea, Ukraine to the Russian Federation. Another producer, Len Blavatnik, is an oligarch of the Putin-Kremlin crime syndicate and is under investigation by several U.S. law enforcement agencies. Worldwide there are calls to boycott the film “T-34” or to remove it from cinemas. In Canada, the Ukrainian Canadian Congress has appealed to Cineplex to reconsider screening “T-34” in its theatres. No company should want to be seen to be supporting the Russian Federation’s war against Ukraine. Over ten thousand Ukrainian citizen’s have been killed since 2014 by the Rooskiy Mir imperialist aggression which the film “T-34” glorifies. No moral person or company wants to be a part of that.	<urn:uuid:4eae33e0-af39-40d6-8d28-3bde72ff2bee>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.radiolemberg.com/ru/ua-articles/ua-allarticles/t-34-war-propaganda-for-russia-s-invasion-of-ukraine	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.906481	524	1.757813	2
Governor Utilizes CARES Funds to Provide Free COVID-19 Testing for Wyoming Residents CHEYENNE, Wyo. – Governor Mark Gordon has made free, at-home COVID-19 testing available to the state’s residents. The saliva test is administered by Vault Health and allows residents to get results at home without needing to visit a healthcare provider. Wyoming has purchased 75,000 tests and could obtain additional tests if needed. The program will supplement currently available testing options that include private healthcare providers, hospitals and some pharmacies. The Governor is utilizing Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act funds for the testing program. The White House has said that expanded testing will greatly improve Wyoming’s ability to track the epidemic, particularly when activities move back indoors. “This at-home, non-invasive testing option is another tool to help Wyoming slow the spread of this virus,” Governor Gordon said. “It’s one more way we can help protect our vulnerable populations, keep businesses open, and make sure our hospital beds are available to those who need them.” To take advantage of the free testing, visit https://www.vaulthealth.com/ Wyoming businesses and community organizations are also encouraged to take advantage of the program via a registration process for participants. That program is expected to launch shortly. A surge that began 4 weeks ago has seen active lab-confirmed COVID-19 cases rise to 1,517 as of October 14. Over the past 14 days, Wyoming has averaged approximately 119 new cases per day, and the percent of COVID-19 tests with a positive result is 5 percent. Wyoming has now recorded 6,914 lab-confirmed positive cases of COVID-19, 1,263 probable cases and 57 deaths. More than 198,000 tests have been completed by the Wyoming Public Health Laboratory and commercial reference laboratories. As COVID-19 cases rise statewide, the Governor and the Wyoming Department of Health continue to strongly recommend the use of masks in public settings where it is not possible or reasonable to stay physically apart. The WDH also continues to stress the importance of staying home when ill. Wyoming’s Public Health Orders have been extended without changes through the end of the month. The new orders are attached and can be found on Wyoming’s COVID-19 website.	<urn:uuid:097e5c67-3770-438e-81de-8c29a228d3d9>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://svinews.com/governor-utilizes-cares-funds-to-provide-free-covid-19-testing-for-wyoming-residents/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.939745	500	1.617188	2
Towns and Municipalities The Istrian Region consists of units of local self-government - 10 towns and 31 municipalities. Towns: Buje-Buie, Buzet, Labin, Novigrad-Cittanova, Pazin, Poreč-Parenzo, Pula-Pola, Rovinj-Rovigno, Umag-Umago, and Vodnjan-Dignano. Municipalities: Bale-Valle, Barban, Brtonigla-Verteneglio, Cerovlje, Fažana-Fasana, Funtana, Gračišće, Grožnjan-Grisignana, Kanfanar, Karojba, Kaštelir-Labinci- Castellier-Santa Domenica, Kršan, Lanišće, Ližnjan-Lisignano, Lupoglav, Marčana, Medulin, Motovun-Montona, Oprtalj-Portole, Pićan, Raša, Sveti Lovreč, Sveta Nedelja, Sveti Petar u Šumi, Svetvinčenat, Tar-Vabriga, Tinjan, Višnjan-Visignano, Vižinada-Visinada, Vrsar-Orsera and Žminj. The domain, the structure, the functioning of the bodies of the units of local and regional self-government, the supervision of their acts and work and other significant issues regarding their work are regulated by the Law on Local and Regional Self-Government ("Narodne Novine" no. 33/01, 60/01, and 106/03). Regions, towns, and municipalities in the Republic of Croatia, their names, area, and centres, as well as other significant questions for the territorial organization of units of local and regional self-government are regulated by the Law on the Areas of Regions, Towns, and Municipalities in the Republic of Croatia ("Narodne Novine" no. 10/97, 124/97, 50/98, 68/98, 22/99, 42/99, 117/99, 128/99, 44/00, 129/00, 92/01, 79/02, 83/02, 25/03, and 107/03). Units of local self-government (municipality, town) in the self-governing domain, they perform works with local significance which directly realize the citizens' needs, and which are not in the domain of bodies of state administration, and especially works related to: - Planning the residential areas - Physical and town planning - Communal activities - Child care - Social care - Primary health protection - Education and elementary schooling - Culture, physical education, and sport - Customers' protection - Protection and improvement of natural environment - Fire and civilian protection	<urn:uuid:63b44393-7ef7-4af3-b111-afbc535b6f25>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.istra-istria.hr/en/region-of-istria/general-information/towns-and-municipalities/?accessibility=on	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.812783	630	2.1875	2
For organizations seeking to reduce their security risk, a vulnerability assessment is a good start. A regular assessment program assists organizations with managing their risk and identifying and scoring vulnerabilities. SCADA Security Testing The critical infrastructure which are operated using SCADA systems will be tested to ensure that these are protected from external threats and by ensuring that the infrastructure is not affected by the testing process. PCI Penetration Testing Votz Communications performs PCI penetration testing on your infrastructure which helps in assessing the effectiveness of your security controls and further ensures the protection of your Cardholder Data environment. Security Testing – Above & Beyond ICS Security Testing Industrial Control Systems (ICS) penetration testing services enable you to find vulnerabilities in your environment. We identify the systems in your environment and explore the vulnerabilities that may be present with the help of our Team of Ethical Hackers. Wireless Penetration Testing In Wireless Attack & Penetration test, Votz Communications will help in identifying vulnerabilities, evaluating the risk of unauthorized access to your network and offer advice for hardening and remediation. Votz Communications will identify and inventory wireless access points whose signal can be received at the Targeted Locations, whether physically located at or nearby the Targeted Locations. Additionally, the wireless signal leakage will be mapped to determine the amount of bleed-over outside the Targeted Locations. Social Engineering Tests Votz Communications testing method helps employers to evaluate how an employee could easily break the security rules and exploit highly sensitive information. We assist them to getting a better understanding of how successful their security training is and how the organization stacks up, security-wise, in comparison to their peers. Firewall Security Reviews Votz Communications identifies the vulnerabilities in the Firewall by reviewing the configuration of the Firewall and its Security Policy. This will further enable you to identify the vulnerabilities in your network and change the policies accordingly to improve your security posture.	<urn:uuid:29d2a3fb-99e6-4787-b591-5860caf0eba5>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://votzcommunications.com/vulnerability-testing/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.921506	394	1.679688	2
In addition to offering tenants the opportunity to choose among multiple units of supportive housing, it is also important that the community has supportive housing in a range of models and locations. In many communities, supportive housing is almost entirely found in a single model, such as single-site buildings with 100% supportive housing concentrated in a few neighborhoods. Since tenants have family and other connections to diverse communities, communities should mirror that diversity in the overall supportive housing available to tenants. The organizations that are part of a supportive housing project team play a significant role in addressing systemic issues such as homelessness or affordable housing availability in the community. By participating in community planning processes, the supportive housing project team can push for needed changes and ensure that the project contributes to the achievement of overall community goals. Participating in data management systems and sharing data within the bounds of confidentiality also can be important in understanding the most successful interventions in the community. This ensures that housing and service providers can continue to improve and learn from one another.	<urn:uuid:87feb4e1-dee7-43f3-a1bf-12e258ccd862>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.csh.org/toolkit/supportive-housing-quality-toolkit/community/housing-model-choice-and-community-planning/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.970898	199	2.40625	2
NFHM Events Calendar To Thursday 01 September 2022 This special collection by renowned maritime artist, John Ford OAM F.A.S.M.A features ships important to the early colonialisation of South Australia and will be exhibited as part of the South Australian Living Artists Festival for August 2022. The exhibition will be punctuated by a series of talks throughout the month of August to compliment these works by John Ford depicting several of the ships that played a significant role in the travel of early migrant settlers to South Australia. Wednesday, Thursday and Saturday 10:00am to 4:30pm Every 2nd & 4th Sunday of the month 1:00pm to 4:30pm	<urn:uuid:a91d71e1-8c09-485b-be4c-3d60e4c0ecf6>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://familyhistorymonth.org.au/index.php/nfhm-events-calendar/eventdetail/74/-/journey-to-south-australia-sala-exhibition	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.962413	140	1.828125	2
Severe hypoglycaemia in adults with insulin-treated diabetes: impact on healthcare resources. Heller SR., Frier BM., Hersløv ML., Gundgaard J., Gough SCL. AIMS: To assess resource utilization associated with severe hypoglycaemia across three insulin regimens in a large phase 3a clinical programme involving people with Type 1 diabetes treated with basal-bolus insulin, people with Type 2 diabetes treated with multiple daily injections and people with Type 2 diabetes treated with basal-oral therapy. METHODS: Data relating to severe hypoglycaemia events (defined as episodes requiring external assistance) from the insulin degludec and insulin degludec/insulin aspart programme (15 trials) were analysed using descriptive statistics. Comparators included insulin glargine, biphasic insulin aspart, insulin detemir and sitagliptin. Mealtime insulin aspart was used in some regimens. This analysis used the serious adverse events records, which documented the use of ambulance/emergency teams, a hospital/emergency room visit ≤ 24 h, or a hospital visit > 24 h. RESULTS: In total, 536 severe hypoglycaemia events were analysed, of which 157 (29.3%) involved an ambulance/emergency team, 64 (11.9%) led to hospital/emergency room attendance of ≤ 24 h and 36 (6.7%) required hospital admission (> 24 h). Although there were fewer events in people with Type 2 diabetes compared with Type 1 diabetes, once a severe episode occurred, the tendency to utilize healthcare resources was higher in Type 2 diabetes vs. Type 1 diabetes. A higher proportion (47.6%) in the basal-oral therapy group required hospital treatment for > 24 h versus the Type 1 diabetes (5.0%) and Type 2 diabetes multiple daily injections (5.3%) groups. CONCLUSION: This analysis suggests that severe hypoglycaemia events often result in emergency/ambulance calls and hospital treatment, incurring a substantial health economic burden, and were associated with all insulin regimens.	<urn:uuid:db3e2a34-94e6-41f1-9042-9fff220ed848>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.rdm.ox.ac.uk/publications/533781?0dbed897-202e-11ed-a3e8-062dc55b9b82	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.925286	431	2.015625	2
Sisters Courtney and Cassidy Eaton make their mark on the Windermere Prep archery program. Tucked away in the far corner behind the Windermere Prep campus, a patch of grass and trees abuts Cypress Lake. A handful of student-athletes draw their bows and take aim at multicolored targets at the end of an archery range. It’s after school, so the only noises are the trees swaying and the “thwip” coming from the reverberating strings on the bows. A “thud” follows as the arrowhead meets its target. It’s peaceful — and that’s the way sisters Courtney and Cassidy Eaton like it. “We’re very lucky to have the range that we have,” senior Courtney Eaton said. “I, personally, love this range. It’s really the most peaceful place on campus — just being able to be here and shoot and relax is really awesome.” FINDING THEIR SHOT With every arrow that flies, there is a process. Just like a baseball pitcher going through his motion or a basketball player running a play, archery requires precision built up via a physical and mental routine. “I step up to the line, and I’ll look to the ground first and completely clear my head of anything else that is going on — if I’m thirsty, cold, whatever — and then I look up to that target and kind of focus my attention on that yellow circle, because that’s what I want to hit,” Courtney Eaton said. “And then I kind of slip into my subconscious and go through nocking an arrow, pull it up and I’ll make sure that the string needs to be aligned with the aperture … then I shoot.” Much like her sister, sophomore Cassidy Eaton’s approach to a shot is incredibly similar — though, for her, it’s more about handling her nerves. “I usually step up (to) the line and nock my arrow first to get it out of the way so I’m not stressed out about what I’m doing with that,” Cassidy Eaton said. “And then I’ll usually stare at the ground and start focusing on my heartbeat, because I can usually hear it — I’m kind of nervous. So I’ll focus on my heartbeat and my breathing and make sure I’m calming myself down enough so I’m not shaking too much when I shoot.” It’s a self-explanatory process, but it’s one that comes with time — and a lot of trial and error. Before Courtney Eaton entered high school, she had never even lifted a bow and arrow, but she knew it was something she’d like to try thanks to her introduction to an incredibly popular young-adult book series. “When I was in eighth grade, I thought the Hunger Games and Katniss Everdeen were the best thing ever, and I wanted to be just like her,” Courtney Eaton said. “So my parents, for Christmas, actually bought me a compound bow, and at that time I had known I wanted to come into boarding at Windermere Prep, so I knew they had an archery team.” Courtney Eaton would realize when she first started that archery in real life was nothing like it was in the fictional series. There were fundamentals that she had to learn — it was more than simply aiming and firing. It was a challenge to get the mechanics down, but once she did, Courtney Eaton found success by the end of her freshman year as she finished 33rd in nationals at the Easton Newberry Archery Center. “When I was in eighth grade, I thought the Hunger Games and Katniss Everdeen were the best thing ever, and I wanted to be just like her.” — Courtney Eaton While Courtney Eaton competed at tournaments and other events, Cassidy Eaton sat in the stands. Sitting idly by didn’t do much for her, Cassidy Eaton said. “I was bored at the competitions — I brought homework and I slept, that was pretty much all I did,” Cassidy Eaton said. “I celebrated her victories with her and comforted her through her losses.” A swimmer by trade, Cassidy Eaton decided that — with archery being in the off-season — she would pick up the sport and give it a shot. It also was a way of making friends during her freshman year at Windermere Prep. Cassidy Eaton was given her sister’s old bow, and from there she started practicing with the team. Practices were fun, but the shooting proved difficult, Cassidy Eaton said. “I came to practice and I remember learning to shoot and going through the steps with coach (Phil) Graves that first year, and getting a really bad shot — I think I completely missed the target,” Cassidy Eaton said. “I have always been the type of person who I see myself do something bad and I want to get better.” Just like her sister, Cassidy Eaton went into nationals and finished top-50 — ending the tournament in 42nd place. With Courtney Eaton now in her last season at Windermere Prep comes the eventual breaking up of the sister duo as teammates. For the two sisters, being able to work next to each other has been nothing but enjoyable, Courtney Eaton said. It’s something that comes with all sorts of perks. “My sister is coming after me — which is an awesome thing, because I want her to do great and I want her to top me and I want her to be the best she can possibly be,” Courtney Eaton said. “I also think having a sister on the team, you have that friend.” As the younger sister, Cassidy Eaton sees Courtney Eaton as a point of motivation. Truth be told, there’s not much that inspires a younger sibling than pulling one over the older sister, Cassidy Eaton said. And archery provides that outlet that allows her to challenge, and sometimes beat, her older sister. “It’s really wonderful, because she has given me that little spark of, ‘OK, I want to beat her,’ and that helps me push myself 10 times as hard as I would if I was by myself,” Cassidy Eaton said. “I would push myself very hard because I have that strive to get better, but also you’re there and there is someone else there that you want them to get better and you’re going to help them.” The Observer has invested in new technology, so you can enjoy a more personalized online experience. By creating a user profile on OrangeObserver.com, you can manage settings, customize content, enter contests and more, all while continuing to enjoy all the local news you care about — Click Here it's FREE.	<urn:uuid:33a8204a-6377-4d16-8fbe-fd24ac49aaa2>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.orangeobserver.com/article/eaton-sisters-take-to-the-archery-range	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.976866	1,484	1.515625	2
It was recently announced that Tesla Motors will build a Gigafactory in Nevada, but as of a few days ago, the land officially belongs to the company. The Gigafactory will be completed by 2020, but production will start in 2017 to build lithium battery packs—cutting battery cost by 30%. In addition, Tesla Motors has encountered tremendous success not only with its stocks but growth rate as well. In the article, Tesla Motors Inc’s Secret Growth Weapon — Hint: It’s Not Cars, Adam Galas states, “Tesla has enjoyed a remarkable 158% compound annual growth rate over the past three years. While that growth rate isn’t sustainable, analysts are still expecting sales to increase 55% this year and 62% in 2015”. Tesla Motors success is due to cars, but other factors are included as well. First, the car company is going to produce 500,000 lithium-ion battery packs a year starting in 2017, and it hopes to cut battery costs by 30%, then up to 50% in 2020. In addition, Tesla Motors is using energy storage which is projected to be a 50 billion dollar market by the time the Gigafactory will be completed in 2020. Galas also suggests that, the “Gigafactory may be able to manufacture batteries not only for Tesla’s electric cars, but consumer electronics as well. Better yet, there’s a very good chance that Tesla and Panasonic could manufacture these consumer electronic batteries at a cost that makes them ultra-competitive for use in laptops, smartphones, and tablets”. Not only does Tesla Motors have a great reputation by reducing battery costs, Tesla satisfies its customer needs in several ways. Elon Musk, Tesla’s CEO, has promised to build car Superchargers across the United States so that only Tesla owners can drive around the country without worrying about their car battery. Furthermore, Tesla Motor has partnered with U.S Bank to reduce monthly payments by 25%. The average monthly payment of a customer is anywhere from $780 to over $1,200. Tesla Motors is using this as an incentive to reach their goal of selling at least 17,500 cars this year. Tesla motors has had success for several reasons. It has proved to have a good reputation, met industry standards, and each car proves to have useful life and be reliable. Do you agree with these reasons of Tesla’s success? Do you think that the success will last? What do you think makes Tesla different than the other competitors? Also, what do you think of Tesla building the $5 billon Gigafactory?	<urn:uuid:6f519b0d-de18-47a7-9a0a-6450e75508ea>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://opsmgt.edublogs.org/author/tijana30123f14/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.969753	537	1.8125	2
For centuries Portugal has been known for its port wines and, of course, as the birthplace of the time-honored cork. Today those are background topics when it comes to Portugal’s unfortified wines stepping into the limelight for the world’s attention. Portugal is escaping its ‘fortified’ niche. In the past, wines made in Portugal, other than ports, rarely had a chance to come into their own. Port producers considered the valuable grapes as worthy only to be made into luscious, sweet fortified wines. The grapes of lesser quality or those left were used for wines for local consumption. It was in 1986, when the country joined the European Union, that Portugal’s wine industry developed a worldwide presence. This alliance was an almost assured success, as it was timed in sync with the world’s increased thirst for red wines and the local producers stressing vast improvements to the modern winemaking industry. What makes Portuguese wines unique is that while the rest of the world planted the popular grape varieties that make cabernet sauvignon, merlot and chardonnay, Portuguese producers were focusing on nurturing native varieties that have been produced for decades. The wines of the Douro region and young vinho verde (“green wine”) are great introductions to Portuguese wine beyond port. - 2014 Twin Vines Vinho Verde, Portugal (about $12 retail) - 2014 Twisted Red Douro, Portugal (about $18 retail)	<urn:uuid:df4d6df5-d30d-473a-abbf-a79c68a4ca53>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.thewinecenter.com/tag/portugal-wine/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.963314	322	1.8125	2
Before I start I want to thank “UnLtdSoul” for his contributions to “CNC leveling” a few years back. I looked at his mods to Marlin, but they no longer worked with the latest release 1.1.9. I always thought this should be possible, his work showed me where to start. Thank you! As many of you know Marlin has the ‘bed size’ hard coded in ROM in configuration.h. G29 would only work with those values, and it also no longer accepted X and Y inputs in ver 1.1.9. I modified the behavior of G29 as follows: Allow X and Y inputs to specify how many points to sample in x and y planes, and also to specify the size of the work piece using the L, F, R, B input parameters. I also added a new gcode command; G24, which makes the machine think it’s been homed. This allows machines without endstops to do ‘bed leveling’. I posted a video on the Facebook V1 forum and I posted files there as well. I’ll post files here too. In the video I show a vbit making a perfect large circle with one side of the work raised by half an inch. - position router either manually or with controls or with gcode in your file. - G90 ; absolute positioning - G21 ; metric mode - G24 ; psuedo ‘home’ command (no motion) - M0 Connect Touchplate ; message and pause to user - G28 Z ; home to your touchplate - G92 xx ; set xx=your touchplate height - M0 Begin Level Probe ; message and pause to user - G29 S5000 X5 Y5 L10 F10 R350 B425 ; S5000 is the speed to move point to point ; sample X5 and Y5 points (25 points total) ; left front position of workpiece 10,10 ; right back position of workpiece 350,425 (substitute your values)CNC-Marlin-Level-mods.zip (129.7 KB) - M500 ; save the mesh - M420 S1 ; turn on leveling - M0 Remove Touchplate ; message and pause to user - Turn on router/spindle and insert your project gcode here	<urn:uuid:e58990b7-e927-4dca-bbed-c4c10b6081a8>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://forum.v1engineering.com/t/mesh-bed-leveling-for-your-cnc/14793	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.878654	510	1.78125	2
If you are not yet awakened to the vast potential of mHealth, it is time to be so. According to the 2014 mHealth App Market Report published by analyst firm Research2Guidance, global revenue from mHealth apps will touch $6 billion in 2015, and double to $13 billion by 2016. It’s not only the sheer growth potential [...] And you thought; India cannot produce a Software product!April 11th, 2017 Digital India: On the path to failure or success?March 17th, 2017 Making India a Cashless Economy is now a realityDecember 13th, 2016 Anant Computing was born from a need; to bridge the digital divide in a diverse country like India. With Mobile Apps built with Anant Computing, you can reach out to every customer with a mobile phone sans language and device barriers. Click here to read more. Apps made with Anant Computing can work like magic. They display diverse features like working on every Indian language or any handset, works offline and very light in size; making your app a truly 'Smart App' Click here to know all about the features. Latest From Twitter Find us on Facebook Anant anant computing Android App Application Apps Banking Cell Cloud Coding Computing Digital digital inclusion digital india Economy Finance India iOS Language Languages Local mHealth Microfinance Mobile MobileApp Mobile Money mPayments net neutrality Offline Paytm Phone small technology vernacular Windows	<urn:uuid:f8cc83b9-3b16-46e3-9c65-5f733cb0e613>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://anantcomputing.in/category/health/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00264.warc.gz	en	0.878272	308	1.539063	2
Squeeze Station Baby Food Maker with Disposable Pouches Mothers of young ones have a hard time feeding them. Babies tend to get attracted to whatever their parents are eating. This makes it harder to feed them. All their tantrums about food know no bounds. To help you feed your little ones Infantino presents their squeeze station. The squeeze station provides high-quality service. This squeeze station baby food maker includes one work station, 3 tubes, and one press. 10 squeeze pouches are also given with the baby food maker. The soft rubber press helps in an easy grip. Transparent tubes help to see the food clearly. You nest the tubes together for easy storage. The pouches can store about 4 oz of your homemade puree. 3 squeeze pouches can be filled in one go. The pouches are food and freezer safe. Not only this but the pouches dishwasher safe as well. The pouches are of high-quality plastic. They are BPA, PVC, and Phthalate free. The pouches make it easier to feed your kids with food that they might not like. For kids who are still growing out teeth, this squeeze station is perfect. This ensures that they receive complete nutrition even if it is in the form of puree. You can create baby food-on-the-go in 4 easy steps. Insert the squeeze pouches into the station. Pour the puree in one of the three tubes. Press down to squeeze and fill the pouch below. Hand over the pouch to your little one and see them savor the taste of healthy food in a fun way. You can even label the food pouch. The pouches can fill up food again and again. They are completely reusable. The squeeze station itself is of high-quality. It is durable and guarantees service for a long time. With this baby food maker, your kids will also enjoy food every day.	<urn:uuid:5ab6d44e-55ac-418f-9292-c6fac7f33311>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.viralgads.com/infantino-squeeze-station-baby-food-maker/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.955615	405	1.539063	2
Apache Nutch 1.0 Released Today, we received an announcement from the Nutch committer, Sami Siren that Apache Nutch 1.0 has been released. An extract from the announcement: Apache Nutch, a subproject of Apache Lucene, is open source web-search software. It builds on Lucene Java, adding web-specifics, such as a crawler, a link-graph database, parsers for HTML and other document formats. Apache Nutch 1.0 contains a number of bug fixes and improvements such as Solr Integration, new indexing framework and new scoring framework just to mention a few. Details can be found in the changes file: Apache Nutch is available for download from the following download page: http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/nutch/ I have been waiting for this release for a long time as I made some contributions to this project and I wanted them to be available in official release so that I didn't have to maintain a separate set of patches for myself. These contributions were also my first major contributions to an open source project. Let me list my contributions from the CHANGES.txt file and then describe how I got involved in this project. 62. NUTCH-559 - NTLM, Basic and Digest Authentication schemes for web/proxy server. (Susam Pal via dogacan) 77. NUTCH-44 - Too many search results, limits max results returned from a single search. (Emilijan Mirceski and Susam Pal via kubes) 80. NUTCH-612 - URL filtering was disabled in Generator when invoked from Crawl (Susam Pal via ab) 81. NUTCH-601 - Recrawling on existing crawl directory (Susam Pal via ab) In 2007, while playing with the search engine, I found that there was no way for Nutch to authenticate itself to intranet sites requiring HTTP authentication. I modified the module that deals with the HTTP protocol so that it could authenticate itself with configured credentials when challenged with authentication. With this change, Nutch now supports NTLM, Basic and Digest authentication schemes. More details on this can be found on the Nutch JIRA at NUTCH-559. and at the Nutch Wiki entry on HTTP authentication schemes. were bug fixes. now allows Nutch to perform deeper crawls using a live index. In the days of Nutch 0.9, the crawler complained if a directory with the name 'crawl' already existed in the current directory. As a result, before beginning a re-crawl using the command, we had to move the existing crawl directory to another location. After a discussion in the community, we agreed that it was better to avoid shuffling the crawl directories by allowing re-crawls on the same directory. Nutch users' mailing list has often received emails from users who wanted to know how they could enable support for authentication schemes in Nutch 0.9 by applying the NUTCH-559 patch. Patching Nutch 0.9 was a little cumbersome as the patch was generated against the trunk. With this release, the users can now simply download Nutch 1.0 and configure the authentication schemes.	<urn:uuid:baa80cb5-840f-4919-9160-6f6734dd0f1e>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://susam.net/blog/apache-nutch-1-released.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.912524	743	1.554688	2
Found via Simoleon Sense. Unfortunately, although we can hope that this sort of information will end up with those regulating the markets, it is beyond the realm of anyone in the private sector. But here are a few common sense things we know about the way markets behave during a crisis: - Equities drop - Volatility goes up - Credit spreads widen - Correlations rise - Areas of low liquidity decline more than similar areas with high liquidity - The yield curve flattens Volatility goes up because everyone is jumpy, so any new piece of information leads to a big reaction, and also because there are fewer people willing to step up as liquidity providers, so prices have to move more to elicit the other side of the trade. Correlations rise because people don’t care much about the subtle characteristics of one instrument versus another. Everything is either high risk or low risk, high liquidity or low liquidity. I think of the market during a crisis like in high energy physics, where matter melds into a homogeneous plasma when the heat gets turned up. Because liquidity becomes critical, the less liquid markets – emerging markets, low cap stocks and the like – take it on the chin more than their more liquid cousins. (Oh, and what about gold? Sometimes it responds, sometimes it doesn't. There is nothing intrinsic about gold that makes it part of the crisis/no-crisis equation. If it is a flavor-of-the-month market, it will respond positively, otherwise, it will simply act like a commodity, responding to economics). Knowing this, it is not hard to take steps to protect against a crisis. Just move away from equities, avoid being short volatility, stay away from credit-laden debt, focus on the liquid markets, and watch those carry trades. Also, don’t trust diversification, because those low correlations you are depending on will not be there when it matters. It might be reasonable to consider crises as hundred year flood events if we mistakenly treated them as being drawn from the same distribution as those normal market days. But they are not. It is following a different dynamic, a dynamic that we have seen enough to become familiar with. People sometimes look at periods of market crisis in the context of a regime switching model, and this gets more to the point. There are the normal times and then there are the crisis times. But what I am suggesting above is that there are (at least) three regimes. There are the crisis times, the normal times, and the pre-crisis times. The transition generally is not from normal to crisis, but rather from pre-crisis to crisis. And the move from the pre-crisis to the crisis regime is more gut-wrenching because in almost every dimension things are moving from one extreme to another. The killer is that what protects you in a crisis is also what leaves money on the table pre-crisis. The best trades and market positions in the pre-crisis regime are the ones that cause the greatest losses in the crisis. The result is that those who take defensive actions will under-perform. So the the only way to stay in the game is to be as bold in the face of the crisis risk as others. As a result, in a variant of Gresham's Law, imprudence will drive out prudence.	<urn:uuid:412deb10-cc5d-465a-9971-25829a6dbe9d>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.valueinvestingworld.com/2010/06/rick-bookstaber-common-sense-crisis.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz	en	0.948244	695	1.90625	2
A Des Moines woman has been arrested for allegedly voting twice in Iowa’s presidential election—for Donald Trump. The media is playing up the schadenfreude of the story, but they really don’t have to. The irony is striking. “I wasn’t planning on doing it twice, it was spur of the moment,” says Rote. “The polls are rigged.” But Polk County Attorney John Sarcone says voter fraud in Iowa is very rare, which is evidence that Iowa’s election system is secure. “I think in the 25-plus years that I’ve been doing this job, this maybe the third [time] we’ve had some irregularity that’s resulted in a criminal charge,” says Sarcone. “People aren’t voting more than once. And if they do, or attempt to do it, they will get caught because there are safeguards in place….We want everybody to exercise their right to vote, but only once.” Rote was released from jail on Friday on a $5,000 bond. If convicted, she faces up to five years in prison. I don’t know if voter fraud is “rare” in Iowa and neither does Sarcone. The fact that few people have been caught at it is not evidence that it hardly exists—especially when you consider authorities don’t look very hard for it and that most voter registration lists are a total mess. Case in point: the state of Illinois. Susie Sallee was buried in 1998. Yet records show she voted in Chicago 12 years later. Victor Crosswell died in 1994, but records show he’s voted six times since then. And then there’s Floyd Stevens. Records show he’s voted 11 times since his death in 1993. “It’s crazy,” Sharon Stevens Anderson, Stevens’ daughter, tells CBS 2’s Pam Zekman. “I don’t see how people can be able to do something like that and get away with it.” Those are just a few of the cases CBS 2 Investigators found by merging Chicago Board of Election voter histories with the death master file from the Social Security Administration. In all, the analysis showed 119 dead people have voted a total of 229 times in Chicago in the last decade. Jim Allen, a city election board spokesman, says a majority of those dead voters were most likely clerical errors, involving family members with the same names and addresses. “This is not the bad old days,” Allen says. “There are just a few instances here where a father came in for a son, or a neighbor was given the wrong ballot application and signed it.” But in some cases, there was no clear explanation. Take Tadeusz Ciesla. Records show he voted in 2010. But his nephew Marek Ciesla says that’s impossible because he died in 1998. “That’s a fraud,” he says. Informed of the findings, Don Rose, a political consultant, says: “Some of these could be accidental or just some individual who says, ‘I really like such and such a candidate so I’m going to take advantage of this — vote until they stop me.’” Allen says about 60,000 dead voters have been purged from the rolls over the last decade — but 2 Investigators found numerous examples of that not happening. Earl Smith says he reported the 1997 death of his father, also named Earl Smith. But records indicate his father has voted twice after he died. Allen says the board identifies and removes most dead voters. “Any time you can clean up the rolls it helps reduce and eliminate the prospect of any kind of mistake or fraud,” Allen says. Robert Sallee says he tried to do that by reporting his mother’s death multiple times. “They’re just not taking her off the rolls,” he says. Perhaps we should all come back down to earth about “stealing” or “rigging” elections. While there are likely millions of dead people still registered to vote, they are actually the easiest kind of fraud to spot. If there was the kind of organized voter fraud operation using dead people to vote that some Trump supporters suggest, state authorities would know of it almost immediately and investigators would have uncovered far more examples of it in places like Chicago, Indiana, and Philadelphia, where the numbers amount to only a few hundred. Far more dangerous and harder to find and expose is corruption in absentee balloting. This is a system in dire need of reform and where wrongdoing has a real potential to change a close race. There are other problems, as Pew found: According to a recent report by the Pew Center the American voter registration system is in dire need of an upgrade. Approximately 24 million—one of every eight—voter registrations in the United States are no longer valid or are significantly inaccurate. More than 1.8 million deceased individuals are listed as voters. ** Approximately 2.75 million people have registrations in more than one state. 1. No one knows if voter fraud is a big or small problem. And there’s no enthusiasm by either side to investigate the issue to answer that question. 2. Both sides do it.	<urn:uuid:4bfe97cf-fffe-4e45-8743-a757e3c1c964>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/rick-moran/2016/10/29/des-moines-woman-explains-the-polls-are-rigged-after-voting-twice-for-trump-n48706	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz	en	0.965222	1,156	1.554688	2
It is not easy for a priest to stand upright the whole liturgy, moreover there are always some things needed by him (a cross, the Bible or an icon). It is impossible always to hold them during the liturgy that is why there is a special table used for this purposes. This narrow table is called a pulpit, a podium or a lectern and is usually situated in front of the iconostasis. Our company majors in production of wooden and metal lecterns, church pulpits and other church furniture. We have been producing a variety of pulpits, communion tables and other church supplies for many years.	<urn:uuid:c85d6819-6012-4518-afd2-2e74aace996b>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://cerkovna-lavka.com/tag/church-lecterns	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.969005	127	1.703125	2
School and higher education directors, educators, college, baby care suppliers, custodians and other workers, and families have gone above and past to support kids’s and students’ studying and meet their needs throughout this crisis. Many child care suppliers proceed to offer care and learning opportunities to children in properties and centers throughout the nation. In common, primary education consists of six to eight years of education beginning on the age of 5 to seven, though this varies between, and sometimes inside, nations. Globally, in 2008, around 89% of kids aged six to 12 were enrolled in major education, and this proportion was rising. Under the Education For All packages driven by UNESCO, most international locations have committed to reaching common enrollment in major education by 2015, and in many countries, it’s obligatory. The division between major and secondary education is somewhat arbitrary, however it generally happens at about eleven or twelve years of age. Some education systems have separate center faculties, with the transition to the ultimate stage of secondary education taking place at across the age of fifteen. Schools that provide main education, are largely referred to as primary faculties or elementary schools. Primary schools are sometimes subdivided into infant schools and junior schools. Colorado Department Of Education Residence Web Page Bring lessons to life for center and high school students on instructional excursions all through North America. A strong critic of the ESEA, President Richard Nixon signed the 1969 ESEA amendments, which included Title II funding for packages for refugee kids and youngsters residing in low–rent public housing. Title VI was dedicated to the education of individuals with disabilities, and Title VII bolstered the Vocational Education Act of 1963. Title VIII provided a definition of gifted and talented and established the Teacher Corps (Jeffrey, 1978; Zascavage, 2010). At TD Ameritrade, we imagine knowledge is one of an investor’s best belongings. That’s why we provide a full range of instructional assets – from market news and well timed articles, to webcasts and fully-immersive curriculums, to guide you in your path to changing into a good smarter investor. Open an account and achieve entry to extra content, and get a personalized expertise curated just for you. Academic high quality and enhanced pupil outcomes are on the middle of every thing we do. Through know-how-led innovation and collaborative partnerships with business leaders, we offer our college students with programs which might be related to current and future industry demands. We purpose to equip every Laureate pupil with the talents and information that can make them extremely priceless to future employers. For greater than 20 years, we have remained committed to creating a positive impact within the communities we serve, by providing accessible, excessive-quality undergraduate, graduate and specialized diploma applications. Artspiration is the countywide initiative to support arts education for all students in Santa Clara County Schools. Questions About Instructional Alternative? They must also search suggestions from college students for quality-assurance and enchancment Education & Science. Governments ought to limit themselves to monitoring pupil proficiency. As society steadily attaches increasingly importance to education, it additionally tries to formulate the general objectives, content, organization, and methods of education. Literature turns into laden with recommendation on the rearing of the younger Science technology. Educational psychology is the research of how people learn in instructional settings, the effectiveness of instructional interventions, the psychology of teaching, and the social psychology of faculties as organizations. Subscribe To The Florida Department Of Education Department of State community of over 430 worldwide pupil advising facilities in additional than 175 international locations and territories. The community promotes U.S. higher education to college students all over the world by offering correct, comprehensive, and current information about opportunities to check at accredited postsecondary institutions in the United States. EducationUSA also provides providers to the U.S. larger education community to assist institutional leaders meet their recruitment and campus internationalization targets. TEA is offering online accounts of $1,500 to folks of eligible college students with vital and sophisticated disabilities who have been impacted by COVID-19 faculty closures. - Especially in style in the summer, but internet hosting can start any time all year long. - Alien Explanations provide video instruction that is specific to every query. - Education at a Glance is the authoritative supply for information on the state of education all over the world. The conventional merit-system diploma is at present not as common in open education as it’s in campus universities, although some open universities do already supply standard degrees such as the Open University within the United Kingdom. Presently, many of the major open education sources provide their very own type of certificate. Higher education sometimes entails work in the direction of a level-degree or foundation degree qualification. In most developed countries, a high proportion of the population (up to 50%) now enter higher education at some time of their lives. Higher education is subsequently crucial to nationwide economies, both as a significant industry in its personal proper and as a supply of skilled and educated personnel for the rest of the financial system. The category ISCED 5 is reserved for short-cycle courses of requiring diploma degree study. A right to education has been acknowledged by some governments and the United Nations.	<urn:uuid:57b75c1f-1d57-4d36-b1e4-a54439589916>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://freeloanfinders.com/education-information-opinion-and-guides.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz	en	0.952735	1,061	2.1875	2
Beginning a different workout routine of any kind can bring to light pains or weaknesses that we otherwise would not have noticed. With yoga and hot yoga becoming increasingly popular, many people are grabbing their mats and towels and stretching parts of their body that they have never noticed they even had before! Arthritis in the big toe joint in some instances can be improved by stretching and in others it can become aggravated. People with professions that require a lot of squatting or bending the big toe joint usually already know when they start to develop arthritis because they are constantly trying to move a joint that has limited motion. In many other people, their day-to-day activities don’t require excessive motion in the big to joint. So, it is for that reason that some people start yoga and begin to notice pain in the big toe joint (and others). Yoga, by nature, is about elongating your body and involves a lot of stretching and poses. Some of these poses do require a great deal of motion in the big toe joint and if your foot type is one that predisposes you to jamming of the big toe joint, these poses and exercises will cause some pain. Typically, yoga instructors can help you modify exercises to not cause pain. If you want yoga to be part of your daily routine and your big toe is keeping you from meeting your fitness goals, contact our office today about options for treatment!	<urn:uuid:2054eee4-afbd-4bf8-ad8a-4578463c7045>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.weil4feet.com/why-did-my-big-toe-joint-start-hurting-when-i-took-up-yoga/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.971441	283	2.03125	2
INDIANAPOLIS – Gov. Eric J. Holcomb has issued a disaster emergency for 11 Indiana counties in response to widespread flooding and infrastructure damage caused by sustained heavy rainfall. The governor signed an executive order to include Carroll, Dearborn, Elkhart, Fulton, Lake, Marshall, Perry, St. Joseph, Starke, Switzerland and White counties. This disaster emergency declaration may be expanded to include other counties in the days ahead, with more rain expected and thunderstorms predicted in the southern part of the state. The disaster declaration means the state Department of Homeland Security can take necessary actions to provide expanded emergency services and is a step the state is required to take to request assistance from the federal government. “This is an important step in helping Hoosiers around our state who’ve been hurt by this flooding,” Gov. Holcomb said. “Our state agencies will continue to work hand-in-hand with local emergency management teams to help families weather the tragedies they are facing. I’m amazed by their resiliency. Looking ahead, we won’t hesitate to seek federal assistance if it proves necessary.” The State Emergency Operations Center (EOC) was activated Thursday morning and continues to maintain a statewide operating picture concerning the status of the ongoing flooding and respond to requests for assistance from local officials. The EOC has directly assisted counties by coordinating the delivery of over 700,000 sandbags, two water pumps, heavy equipment and vehicles, labor crews, traffic control, UAV photography and subject matter expertise on disaster response and recovery. In addition to the Indiana Department of Homeland Security, other agencies providing services include the Department of Natural Resources, Indiana State Police, Indiana Department of Transportation, Indiana Department of Corrections, Indiana National Guard and the American Red Cross. The State EOC will continue operating, monitoring the status of the ongoing situation and providing support and resources across the state. Rain began late in the day on Thursday, Feb. 15 in the northern part of the state and received record-level rainfall through Wednesday, Feb. 21. As a result, the region has experienced unprecedented flood damage to properties and infrastructure. Widespread flooding continues, especially across northwest and northcentral Indiana. Central Indiana is under a flood watch. In the southern part of the state, thunderstorms are underway and expected to continue overnight. These storms may produce high winds, hail, additional rainfall and potentially tornadoes. The governor toured Elkhart and St. Joseph counties on Friday, learning about the flood damage and local emergency response efforts underway there. He will return from the National Governor’s Association meeting in Washington D.C. tomorrow and will tour more parts of the state affected by recent weather. To report weather-related damage, please contact http://bit.ly/2018rainfall.	<urn:uuid:2f093020-c002-409a-be03-a6c8c682acbe>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://wyrz.org/gov-holcomb-declares-disaster-emergency-11-counties-due-heavy-rainfall/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz	en	0.934034	578	1.515625	2
The armed wing of Hamas is using increasingly complex methods of raising funds via bitcoin, researchers say, highlighting the difficulties regulators face in tracking cryptocurrency financing of outfits designated by some as terrorist groups. The Gaza-based Iz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades, which is proscribed by the United States and the European Union, has been calling on its supporters to donate using the digital currency in a fundraising campaign announced online in late January. Originally, it asked donors to send bitcoin to a single digital address, or wallet. However, according to research shared with Reuters by leading blockchain analysis firm Elliptic, in recent weeks it has changed the mechanism, with its website generating a new digital wallet with every transaction. This makes it harder for companies around the world to keep tabs on the group’s cryptocurrency financing, the researchers said. A single digital wallet can be red-flagged to cryptocurrency exchanges, in theory allowing them to prevent funds moving through their systems to that destination. But a different wallet for each donation makes this so-called tagging far more complicated, Elliptic said. - Israeli Minister Almost Caused War With Hamas Prisoners, Security Officials Claim - Trump's Peace Envoy: Gaza Can't Be Addressed Until Hamas Is Out of the Picture - Bitcoin Firms Barred From Tel Aviv Stock Exchange Indices Between March 26 and April 16, 0.6 bitcoin – worth around $3,300 – was sent to the website-created wallets, Elliptic’s research found. All told, the four-month fundraising campaign has raised around $7,400, the firm said. A spokesman for Hamas, which has ruled the Palestinian territory of Gaza since 2007, declined to comment on Elliptic’s research. Such funds are a fraction of the tens of millions of dollars in annual funding that Israel and the United States says Hamas receives from Iran. Yet the campaign gives insight into how a proscribed group has gone about bitcoin fundraising. “They are still in experimentation stage – trying it out, seeing how much they can raise, and whether it works,” said Elliptic co-founder Tom Robinson. Iran has not publicly detailed its funding of Hamas, though it has not denied its support for the group. Hamas has said Tehran is the biggest backer of the al-Qassam Brigades. London-based Elliptic and U.S. rival Chainalysis are the most prominent blockchain analysis firms, and have gained traction as watchdogs, cryptocurrency companies and firms such as hedge funds seek tools to track digital coins. Backed by investors including Banco Santander’s venture capital arm, Elliptic’s clients include financial firms, regulators and law enforcement agencies in Europe and the United States. Since 2016 it has won contracts with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Internal Revenue Service and Drug Enforcement Administration, according to USAspending.gov here, a database of U.S. government contracts. Examples of cryptocurrency funding campaigns by proscribed groups are rare. But the research underscores headaches for companies in the emerging sector in identifying and stamping out exposure to potentially tainted digital coins, even as tools for tracking and tracing cryptocurrencies grow more sophisticated. Dealing with illegal usage is seen as vital if cryptocurrencies are to grow from niche, speculative tokens to assets embraced by the mainstream. Most big financial firms have steered clear of bitcoin and its kin, with money laundering chief among concerns. Hamas is designated a terrorist organization by the United States and the European Union. Others, including Britain, have proscribed only the al-Qassam Brigades. Such a designation means that, in the United States for instance, it is illegal to provide money or training, with financial firms in control of related funds obliged to report them to the authorities. A two-minute video on the al-Qassam Brigades website lays out step-by-step instructions in Arabic on how supporters can avoid the traditional financial system and donate cryptocurrency. “How to support the Palestinian resistance via Bitcoin?” it asks. With polished graphics and English subtitles, it explains how to send bitcoin directly, through a money-exchange office, or via a cryptocurrency exchange. “Use a public device so that the wallet is not linked to your IP address,” it says. Elliptic uses a database of information linking digital coin addresses to exchanges, darkweb marketplaces, and proscribed groups to track cryptocurrencies. It pinpointed wallets created by the website by tracking patterns in their unique addresses. The firm monitored these addresses, later identifying multiple transactions that sent funds from the addresses to a major Asia-based cryptocurrency exchange. Thirteen of the donations were made from a separate exchange, also from Asia, said Elliptic, which declined to give further details of the exchanges. It was not clear whether the bitcoin had since been converted to traditional currencies, the firm said. Hamas’s finances are suffering. Egyptian President Abdel-Fattah Al-Sisi in 2013 closed hundreds of tunnels under the Gaza-Egypt border, preventing the smuggling of weaponsand goods from cows to cars, depriving Hamas of tax income. Funding from Iran has also declined following Hamas’s condemnation of the killing of Sunni Muslims in Syria’s civil war, analysts say. Bitcoin could provide respite in that cash squeeze. “It makes it difficult for such funds to be tracked by financial authorities,” said Lotem Finkelshtein, head of threat intelligence at Check Point Technologies, a cybersecurity firm in Tel Aviv. “It’s not so simple to link wallets to organizations.” Israel’s Shin Bet intelligence agency, defense ministry and military declined to comment. Finance Minister Moshe Kahlon, who is also a member of the national security cabinet, told the website Ynet TV this month he was unaware of the fundraising. Regulators and law enforcement agencies have long worried about the potential of digital money – relatively anonymous and easily available online – to finance terrorism. Cryptocurrency regulations vary from country to country. The global watchdog for money laundering, aware of gaps in rules, is due to bring in the first international standards on cryptocurrency oversight by June. But with regulation still patchy, the risk of exposure to tainted coins has kept most big investors away. Even indirect exposure to tainted cryptocurrencies would present problems for financial firms, said Kyle Phillips, a lawyer at Fieldfisher law firm. “There are real issues with establishing the beneficial owners,” he said.	<urn:uuid:c954a6f0-66ff-442d-8184-dcf7d035bb26>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/palestinians/2019-04-26/ty-article/hamas-bitcoin-fundraising-increasingly-complex-researchers-say/0000017f-e539-d62c-a1ff-fd7b40780000	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz	en	0.949199	1,370	1.75	2

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