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A magic ring is a beautiful thing. It is worth learning how to start circular crochet with a magic ring because it allows the crochet to be pulled tight without the inevitable hole of other methods.Once you learn how, it really is quite easy and hopefully this step by step tutorial will teach you just how to crochet a magic ring. A magic ring is also called an adjustable ring.
I remember when I first discovered the magic ring. At the time I’d been crocheting many, many years and thought I knew all the basics. Learning how to crochet a magic ring is a game changer. Suddenly the problem of stuffing popping out of opening of a crochet piece is no longer an issue! Gotta love that! It took me a long time to really understand how to make a magic ring, but I’m so glad I did!
First, make a loop. To the right is the skein of yarn. To the left is the end of the yarn.
Next, catch the top yarn and pull it under and through the loop like this:
And then chain 1.
The hardest part is done. Now work single crochet over the loop and the strand of yarn behind the loop together. Work as many single crochet as indicated in the pattern. (Note: the magic ring can also be used with double crochet, just start with a chain 3 instead of chain 1)
When all the single crochet are done, pull the loose strand of yarn.
See how nice and tight the opening is? A magic ring is perfect for making amigurumi and stuffed toys; no hole for stuffing to peek through!
And there you have it! You now know how to crochet a magic ring!
I love seeing your finished projects! If you enjoyed making one of my patterns I’d love to see yours on Instagram, be sure to tag me @crochet365knittoo. If you are on Facebook, stop over to the Crochet 365 Knit Too Facebook page or pop over to the Crochet365KnitToo Club and share a photo! I’d love to see your work!
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You can also use bleeding to create pretty effects, such as a stormy sky or light reflecting on water.
- So long as the paper is wet all over, there's no risk of bleeding. It occurs when excess water is placed on an otherwise dry section of paper. Result: the color runs, creating a blotch with sharp, very pigmented edges (scalloping), leaving a very light color on the inside.
- The drier the paper, the stronger the scalloping, and the more transparent the inside of the blotch.
Erasing a blotch: an accidental blotch will be out of place in your composition. Don't give it time to dry! Rinse it first with a wet paintbrush, then by rubbing very gently with a sponge, taking care not to damage the paper.
Working the blotch into the composition: turn the blotch into an aspect of the composition. While unplanned, it can inspire you to rethink your creation!
Bleeding, smudges and running allow you to deliberately create effects that would be impossible with normal brush strokes, and are very useful for creating a sky full of clouds, a landscape reflecting on a lake, or an irregular texture.
Your paper needs to be almost dry. If you applied a first wash, you'll need to wait until it stops being shiny.
Select satin finish paper (with a very fine grain): its smoothness lends itself to bleeding.
On rough grain paper, blow into a straw to help the water spread in the right direction. The straw technique also allows you to control the shape of a blotch or the direction of a drip.
Add a few drops of ox bile to your water container to encourage the bleeding to spread.
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Keys to Success
Test your hardware and software
Make sure you can sucessfully log into your Zoom and Canvas accounts prior to the start of class!
Tips for Zoom live sessions
- Find a quiet space with limited distractions.
- Wear heaphones or earbuds to avoid audio interference.
- Make sure you are muted when you are not talking.
- Utilize the raise your hand feature if you are wanting to ask a question live.
- Utilize the chat feature for questions.
- Join a meeting by phone if you have limited internet access or are experiencing technical difficulties.
Check for communication often
Instructors will be sending electronic messages to you via your OU email and Canvas more often. Make it part of your regular routine to check your inboxes multiple times throughout the day.
Have a routine
Having a set schedule and space can help you manage the stress of such a heavy work and study load. Setup an intentional physical space where you "go to class." Outline a routine for where and when you will join live sessions, work on course work, and study.
Be an active participant
Engagement leads to a better understanding. Comment on discussion boards, pose questions, and communicate often with your instructor. Since some activities don't take place in real-time, make an effort to check in often on spaces like discussion boards and email.
Take advantage of writing consulting online
The OU Writing Center provides remote consultation for students. For online email consultation submissions:
- You can submit up to 3000 words
- You can submit up to 3 times in one week
- OU Writing Center will send a response via email within 5 business days.
For online video chat consultations (available Monday - Thursday 10am - 3pm):
- You can submit up to 1500 words
- You can submit up to 2 times in one week
- Each video chat consultation has a maximum appointment time of 1 hour
- OU Writing Center will send a confirmation email by 3 pm on the day of submission to schedule the online meeting
- Any video chat consultation requests submitted after 3 pm will receive a confirmation email the next business day to schedule the online meeting
- You can only request a next-day consultation if you submit before 3 pm on the day of submission
- Same-day consultations are not available
Take advantage of the Math Center
View Math Center online tutoring schedule.
Allot enough time
Be realistic about how much time you need to devote to each of your classes. Allow ample time for all of your coursework. In a regular length semester, courses require at least 3 hours each week per credit hour. This means you should expect to spend at 9 - 20 hours per week per course.
Be an effective communicator
Communicating effectively is extremely important to doing well in your online course. Keep in mind that class communications are more formal than texting or conversing with your friends. When emailing your instructor or another student:
- State the class and section in which you are enrolled.
- Be sure to respectfully address your course instructor – check your syllabus for the way they refer to themselves.
- Use appropriate language, spelling, and grammar (do not use texting short cuts).
- Communicate in a respectful manner.
Abide by the Integrity Code
Academic integrity is extremely important for all students, including online learners.
Academic Life Coaching
The OU Academic Life Coaching program is an innovative mentoring approach designed to provide you with individualized student support. As a program participant, you will be matched with a specially trained coaching mentor who will meet with you regularly via video chat. In those sessions, you and your coach will work together to manage stressors and establish goals that lead to greater confidence and academic success.
Below are a few themes that students are currently working through with their coaches. Many of these challenges are related specifically to the life changes associated with COVID-19:
- Making the transition from a classroom to a virtual space.
- Maintaining motivation in a more self-paced learning environment.
- Adapting to sudden change.
- Managing new expectations from family and housemates.
- Sustaining healthy habits within a new routine.
- Maintaining connections in the virtual space.
To learn more and meet the OU Academic Life Couches, click here: http://ou.edu/alc/meet-the-coaches
To request an Academic Life Coach, please email email@example.com and we will match you with a coach accordingly.
We are all in this together and we are dedicated to ensuring your success!
- OU IT can be reached by phone at (405) 325-HELP (4357) or through submitting an online ticket.
- Schedule a student consultation with IT Learning Spaces for Canvas or Zoom help
24/7 Technical Assistance Canvas Support
If you have questions or are experiencing trouble with this service, you can contact Canvas support directly by clicking on the Help icon in Canvas.
Canvas Help Guide
Text and Video Guides
You can also learn more about Canvas functionality in the tips and videos below:
Canvas Support Hotline: 1-844-629-6842
24/7 Technical Assistance Zoom Support
If you have questions or are experiencing trouble with this service, you can contact Zoom support directly by clicking on Help Center in Zoom app menu.
Support is provided through the following channels:
- Zoom Support Website
- Zoom Support Hotline: 1-888-799-9666 ext 2
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IMPORTANCE: Recently, tremendous prominence has been given to the investigation of the effect of different research processes as part of the Cancer Moonshot. More than half a century ago, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) established a network of publicly funded cancer cooperative research groups to systematically evaluate new treatments for efficacy and safety. OBJECTIVE: To examine the extent to which positive NCI-sponsored cancer treatment trials have benefited patients with cancer in the US population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This investigation used study data from SWOG, an NCI-sponsored network cooperative research group. All treatment trials during SWOG’s 60-year history (1956-2016) were identified for which the new, experimental therapy provided a statistically significant improvement in overall survival. It was assumed that the new, proven treatments from these trials established new standards for cancer care in the treatment community. Twenty-three positive SWOG treatment trials were identified from a variety of different disease settings. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: This study estimated population life-years gained from the 23 treatment trials through 2015 by mapping the effect of the new treatments onto the US cancer population using an area under the Kaplan-Meier survival curve approach that combined trial-specific hazard function and hazard ratio results, along with Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program and life table data. Calculations were age adjusted. The US dollar return on investment was estimated as the ratio of the total investment by the NCI in the treatment trial program divided by the estimate of life-years gained. RESULTS: In total, 12 361 patients were enrolled to the 23 positive trials from 1965 to 2012. The study estimated that 3.34 million (95% confidence limit, 2.39-4.15 million) life-years were gained from these 23 trials through 2015. Estimates were greater than 2 million life-years gained under most model simulations. The US dollar return on investment was $125 per life-year gained. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: SWOG treatment trials have had a substantial impact on population survival for patients with cancer over 60 years. The NCI’s investment in its cancer cooperative group research program has provided exceptional value and benefit to the American public through its research programs generating positive cancer treatment trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifiers: NCT00004001, NCT00075764, and NCT00644228.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Cancer Research
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Contrary to the saturated fat/cholesterol theory, the most significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) are actually insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes and the chronic inflammation associated with these conditions. The damage to interior layers of arteries that invites cholesterol-rich plaque buildup can also be induced by elevated blood sugar, smoking, stress and high blood pressure.
A two-part documentary called “Heart of the Matter,” which ran on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation show ABC Catalyst in 2014, does an excellent job of exposing the cholesterol/saturated fat myths behind the statin fad and the financial links which lurk underneath. In fact, the documentary was so thorough in debunking the myths behind the popularity of statins, that vested interests1 convinced ABC TV to rescind the series.
The credentials of the documentary’s producer, Maryanne Demasi, were impeccable: She has a Ph.D. in neurology, no conflicts of interest and a long history of investigative journalism. But the Australian Heart Foundation, the three largest statin makers (Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Merck Sharp & Dohme) and Medicines Australia, Australia’s drug lobby group, complained2 and all the documentaries were expunged from ABC TV. Luckily they remain online.
Saturated Fat Theory of Heart Disease Began With Ancel Keys
According to the “Heart of the Matter,” American physiologist Ancel Benjamin Keys can be credited with originating and cementing the saturated fat/cholesterol theory of heart disease (though perhaps we should say indicted instead of credited).3
In the 1950s, Keys produced research that showed perfect correlations between cardiovascular disease and the dietary consumption of fat in several prominent Western countries. But there was just one problem with the research. Keys “withheld the data from 16 other countries,” Demasi notes in the documentary.4
Keys was scientifically influential and got a board position at the American Medical Association, which caused wide medical acceptance of the theory that continues today. His research also shaped the ubiquitous USDA food pyramid of years past (now replaced by MyPlate), which emphasized heavy portions of breads, cereals, rice and pasta.5
While Keys’ research was adopted years before the invention of statins, other groups of financial beneficiaries already existed — the sugar and grain industries. Sugar soon became a popular stand-in in low-fat foods to improve taste. In fact the dangers of growing sugar consumption inspired British professor John Yudkin to write a 1972 book, “Pure White and Deadly.” Fat was also replaced with carbohydrates, a move that benefited the grain lobby.
Bad Dietary Advice Resulted From Keys’ Research
Few scientific studies have confirmed Ancel Keys’ broadly adopted but skewed research, and several have reached opposite conclusions, says “Heart of the Matter.” But the tenacity of his theory has resulted in bad dietary advice. Take the case of margarine.
One of the worst examples of switching from saturated fats to something believed to be less conducive to heart disease is the embrace of margarine, according to cardiologist Dr. Stephen Sinatra in the documentary. When you switch to margarine and other “double-bonded” transfats — also called polyunsaturated and omega 6 fats — you are putting your health at risk, he says.
Such fats, which are the basic ingredients in most processed and snack foods, are prone to become rancid, causing oxidation and free radical attacks in the human body. Those chemical reactions produce the inflammation that is the real cause of heart disease, Sinatra says, adding that the damage from omega 6 fats is best combated by consuming omega 3 fats found in salmon, flaxseeds and walnuts.
Beware of Other Unsafe Alternatives
In “Heart of the Matter,” David Sullivan, associate professor and lipid expert with Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Sydney, Australia, cautions against replacing saturated fats with carbohydrates because it contributes to obesity and may even make people hungrier.6
Many marketers of processed and snack foods also add refined sugar and processed fructose to improve taste when they try to advertise themselves as “low-fat,” but these products are in fact the primary drivers of heart disease, as I have pointed out in numerous newsletters.
Any meal or snack high in carbohydrates like fructose and refined grains creates a quick rise in blood glucose and, subsequently, a rise in insulin to compensate for the rise.
The blood sugar rise not only increases the risk of heart disease, the insulin released from these foods makes it harder to lose weight because it encourages fat accumulation, especially abdominal fat. Of course, abdominal fat is one of the major contributors to metabolic syndrome which, in turn, contributes to heart disease.
Many Flaws Are Found in the Saturated Fat Theory
“Heart of the Matter” features several experts who dispute the saturated fat theory based on their own clinical experience. For example, Dr. Rita F. Redberg, a cardiologist who practices in the University of California San Francisco cardiology unit, says, “cholesterol is just a lab number” and only one factor in heart disease along with general lifestyle.
Sinatra says he believed the saturated fat theory, too, until he actually looked carefully at the X-rays of those with heart disease. The angiograms showed both high and low levels of plaque-filled arteries, and therefore were not predictive or helpful in deciphering the cause of heart disease. Cholesterol is only harmful when it’s oxidized, he says.
Dr. Ernest N. Curtis, a cardiology specialist, agrees that saturated fat is not the cause of heart disease and adds that human levels of cholesterol are “preset” and mostly do not come from diet. If cholesterol from food is reduced, the human body tends to compensate by replacing it to keep the same levels, the documentary’s experts agree.
Cholesterol also serves valuable functions in the human body, and elimination should not be a goal, says Dr. John Abramson of Harvard Medical School Public School of Health in “Heart of the Matter.” Rather, it is “the precursor to many of the hormones in our body,” he asserts. Cholesterol also protects cell membranes, digests food and manufactures vitamin D after exposure to the sun.
Problems With the LDL Hypothesis
At the heart of the theory that saturated fat/cholesterol causes heart disease (pun intended) is the high-density lipoprotein hypothesis which designates high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as the “good” cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as the “bad” cholesterol. But, says “Heart of the Matter,” the lipoproteins neither deposit nor remove cholesterol as the theory holds but, rather, simply “ferry” cholesterol in the body.
It is stress and damage on the artery wall that allows the inflammation and degradation that leads to heart disease, says Curtis. That’s why plaque is usually seen at arterial “branches,” where there is more pulsating pressure as arteries divide. Since veins escape the pressure of returning blood that arteries perform, plaque is not seen in them, he says — unless veins are recruited to serve as arteries through bypass operations. Clearly, such surgery is not a solution to the problem.
More Problems With the LDL Hypothesis
“Heart of the Matter” is not the only source of skepticism about the LDL hypothesis. Here is what Dr. Malcolm Kendrick, a Scottish general practitioner, writes on the theory and its implausibility.7
“For the LDL hypothesis to be correct, it requires that LDL can travel past the lining of the artery, the endothelial cells, and into the artery wall behind. This is considered the starting point for atherosclerotic plaques to form. The problem with this hypothesis is … the only way for LDL to enter any cell, is if the cell manufactures an LDL receptor — which locks onto, and then pulls the LDL molecule inside. There is no other passageway.
There are no gaps between endothelial cells. Endothelial cells are tightly bound to each other by strong protein bridges, known as ‘tight junctions.’ These tight junctions can prevent the passage of single ions — charged atoms — which makes it impossible for an LDL molecule to slip through, as it is many thousands of times bigger than an ion. This, too, is an inarguable fact.”
The Boom of Statins Rests on the Saturated Fat Theory
Needless to say, the boom in statins seen since 1996 — Lipitor was the best-selling drug in the world before its patent expired — has rested on the theory that saturated fat/cholesterol is the cause of CVD. Yet, expert after expert in “Heart of the Matter” not only say that studies show statins only lengthen a life by a few days, but they are shockingly ineffective for all but a few people, despite their hype and popularity.
Statins’ serious side effects have been downplayed by those who drank the saturated fat/cholesterol “Kool-Aid” theory, either because of professional hubris or because they are directly profiting from statins.8 Yet, the side effects of statins are serious and include an increased risk for diabetes, decreased heart function,9 depleted CoQ10 and vitamin K2 (which are important nutrients), birth defects,10 an increased risk of cancer,11 and nerve damage.12
Statins Still Popular From an Unproved Theory
When this documentary was produced in 2014, at least 40 million people worldwide were taking statins — today, that number is estimated from a low of 100 million13 to as many as 200 million14 — and what was spent annually on statins during their boom was “more than the GNP of some countries,” the documentary claims — and this was no accident.
Thanks to pressure from the drug industry, official guidelines for what constitutes too-high cholesterol are continually being revised downward to recruit more patients and sell more product, says “Heart of the Matter.”
Yet, the harms from statins far outweigh their benefits. They may reduce your chance of heart attacks, but will not improve your general health, Abramson declares in the film. And, in women and the elderly, the risks are especially high, adds Dr. Beatrice Golomb of the University of California at San Diego.
In fact, both Abramson and Golomb agree the overprescription of statins, especially for those who do not need them, is unethical and even “criminal.” When statins first surfaced they were “hailed as nirvana,” Curtis remembers. Today we know they clearly are not.
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Louisville Mayor Greg Fischer started 2014 off with a call to citizens: Help the city come up with creative ideas to redevelop vacant land. Local and far-flung designers are invited to re-imagine the land in a new competition. The winners of the Lots of Possibility competition will be awarded a total of $38,000 to put their vision into action.
A screenshot of Louisville’s “Lots of Possibility” map of vacant properties that the city has made available for the design competition.
That money comes from local grant funding. A jury will choose six finalists in each of the competition’s two categories: residential or commercial use; and proposals involving temporary or interim use of vacant lots.
Up to two winners will get $15,000 for long-term residential or commercial development, while up to two more could receive a one-year land lease and $4,000 to implement temporary ideas.
“The rules for this competition are simple—be creative and be bold,” Fischer said in a press release. Louisville recently launched its VAPStat (Vacant and Abandoned Property Statistics) program to share public information about abandoned properties, foreclosure and redevelopment opportunities.
There are more than 6,000 vacant lots in the area, with a high concentration in western Louisville. A 2013 study estimated about half of the approximately 6,000 vacant properties would “be remedied through normal market forces.” The Louisville/Jefferson County Landbank Authority and the Urban Renewal Commission own many more sites that they’re working to redevelop.
More than 250 lots (list) have been made available for the Lots of Possibility competition. “[T]he faster the number of VAP properties are reduced,” reads the VAPStat study, “the sooner they become revenue-producing real estate and the sooner they start to have positive effects on their surrounding neighborhoods.”
Sponsoring the competition are the Department of Community Services and Revitalization, Vision Louisville and the Mayor’s Innovation Delivery Team, funded in part by a grant from Bloomberg Philanthropies. The competition page lists as inspiration St. Louis’ Sustainable Land Lab, Youngstown, Ohio‘s Lots of Green program, and Flint, Michigan‘s Flatlot competition.
Entries are due Feb. 24. The winners will be announced in April. Entry information here.
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A Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) van bomb explodes outside the Northern Ireland Forensic Science Laboratory (NIFSL) on the Newtownbreda Road on the outskirts of Belfast late in the evening of September 23, 1992. It is one of the biggest bombs detonated in a residential area of Northern Ireland. The blast comes after a temporary lull in an IRA bombing campaign.
The 2,000 lb. (900kg) bomb goes off outside the laboratory at Newtownbreda while Army bomb disposal experts are moving in to investigate a large, abandoned van. The alarm is raised when the IRA makes a telephone warning saying that it has planted a “massive van bomb.”
The device reduces every room to rubble. It also causes damage, in some cases severe, to more than 700 homes and other premises. One estimate puts repair costs after the blast at about £20 million.
The wrecking of the laboratory is a blow to the authorities, because the blast destroys valuable forensic evidence for use in the prosecution of terrorist suspects. But on a personal level it is a traumatic night for hundreds of families who live through the explosion and face the task of repairing their homes.
The blast is unusually loud and destructive. It shakes Belfast and is heard for miles around. Many people living some distance away are convinced the explosion had been outside their door. One man who lives 10 miles away believes his home is under attack and goes outside with a golf club to investigate.
Emergency staff say the area affected is one of the largest they had ever known, with damage reported up to a radius of a mile and a half. But the brunt of the damage is suffered by Belvoir Park, a model and almost incident-free largely Protestant housing estate built by a public authority but now largely privately owned, which is separated from the laboratory by a dual carriageway.
Up to 50 homes are demolished. In one experience which is typical of many, a 65-year-old widow who lives alone is watching television when the bomb goes off. Much of the plaster ceiling collapses while the window shatters into fragments and showers the room. An immediate power cut plunges the house into darkness. She escapes with only a slight cut to the head.
After the explosion people roam the darkened estate in cars and on foot, checking for relatives and friends while police officers help tend those suffering from shock and injuries. No one is seriously hurt. A number of pet cats and dogs panic and run off into the night.
In the early hours of September 24, rain pours through damaged roofs, making life even more difficult for families involved in immediate repair work. At 5:00 AM, almost eight hours after the blast, workmen are still engaged in boarding up broken windows.
(From: “Damage in huge blast put at 20m pounds: A Belfast housing estate counts the cost of an IRA bomb which may have destroyed vital criminal evidence” by David McKittrick, Ireland Correspondent, The Independent, http://www.independent.co.uk)
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An extraction or removal of a tooth may be required for several reasons, such as trauma, disease or for corrective reasons. Whatever the reasons may be, the tooth and surrounding tissue are anesthetized, an incision may or may not be made and depending on the integrity of the tooth to be removed bone around the tooth may or may not be removed. The procedure concludes with the safe removal of the affected tooth. Post-operative instructions are given to the patient along with medications. It is very important for patient’s to follow the instructions given for a successful outcome. Follow up visits may be require to ensure that site of extraction is healing well.
To help our patients relax, we provide televisions in every room. If you are anxious about dental treatment, we offer oral sedation and intravenous sedation options. We’re close to home and offer emergency care which means great dentistry care is only a few minutes from your home.
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This is one of my all time favorite drawings. My son did it when he was in first grade and attended weekly Young Rembrandts classes. Like all parents, I am especially fond of anything and everything my own kids do, but this drawing represents so much more.
First – he drew a collection of cacti! Not sure that would ever have happened without being in a drawing class.
Then – look at all those details! Check out that line work, the colors, and the multitude of careful little lines for the ‘pokey things’ on the cactus. You can tell by looking at it, he really enjoyed the line work and all the careful coloring.
And – look at all those colors! I love that he learned to draw several different kinds of cacti and the artist in him went beyond the usual green and gave us a rainbow of colors to enjoy within each cactus. It’s priceless.
Now – think about how long it took for him to do all that! Matt was a very active six year old and every time I look at this drawing, I am impressed by the amount of focus and attention he brought to it.
I know, without a doubt, that the time he spent doing this kind of detailed drawing, increased the time and attention he brought to other activities, especially classroom work. It certainly had an impact on his handwriting!
But as important as all that is – when I look at this drawing, I am reminded to see the detail and color in the world around me. I am reminded to see joy. Have some fun today. Break out the crayons or markers yourself – and show us how you see the world.
Need drawing ideas?
Click here for a few drawing videos.
Click here for drawing worksheets.
Does your child love to draw? Click here to find a class near you and enroll today.
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As the complexity and volume of health care data continues its rapid growth, the Agency has sought new methods and tools to manage and extract meaning from the data that it collects. One such approach is the use of Visual Analytics. This type of data analysis integrates new computational and theory-based tools with innovative interactive techniques and visual representations.
Our analysts and data scientists are now able to provide answers to the increasingly difficult questions associated with the management of the Florida Medicaid program. The Medicaid Data Visualization Series is a reflection of the management questions that are being asked every day. It is intended to not only answer the questions of Agency leadership, but to provide Florida’s citizens with the ability to answer topical questions through the interactivity of the reports.
Below are links to the reports.
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https://ahca.myflorida.com/medicaid/Finance/data_analytics/data_series.shtml
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NGC 2161 - Globular Cluster in Mensa
NGC 2161 is a Globular Cluster in the Mensa constellation. NGC 2161 is situated south of the celestial equator and, as such, it is more easily visible from the southern emisphere.
Photometric information of NGC 2161
The following table lists the magnitude of NGC 2161 in different bands of the electomagnetic spectrum (when available), from the B band (445nm wavelength, corresponding to the Blue color), to the V band ( 551nm wavelength, corresponding to Green/Yellow color), to the J, H, K bands (corresponding to 1220nm, 1630nm, 2190nm wavelengths respectively, which are colors not visible to the human eye).
For more information about photometry in astronomy, check the photometric system article on Wikipedia.
Apparent size of NGC 2161The following table reports NGC 2161 apparent angular size. The green area displayed on top of the DSS2 image of NGC 2161 is a visual representation of it.
Digitized Sky Survey image of NGC 2161
The image below is a photograph of NGC 2161 from the Digitized Sky Survey 2 (DSS2 - see the credits section) taken in the red channel. The area of sky represented in the image is 0.5x0.5 degrees (30x30 arcmins).
Celestial coordinates and finder chart of NGC 2161
Celestial coordinates for the J2000 equinox of NGC 2161 are provided in the following table:
The simplified sky charts below show the position of NGC 2161 in the sky. The first chart has a field of view of 60° while the second one has a field of view of 10°.
Rise ans set times of NGC 2161 from your location
NGC 2161 - Globular Cluster in Mensa is currently not visible from Greenwich, United Kingdom [change]
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Did you know that the global paper market produces over 400 million metric tons of paper and cardboard each year? This mind-boggling number prompts even more questions. Where is all this paper used? And what happens to it once it has served its purpose?
For starters, paper production continues to be an important industry. Paper is a ubiquitous material that is used in a variety of applications including packaging, home products, and office supplies.
Not only is paper an essential material, but in recent years its demand has significantly increased. One reason for that is the boom of online shopping.
Just in the U.S alone, 48.2 million metric tons of packaging paper and paperboard were produced in 2020.
The more paper we produce, however, the more the need to properly dispose of it, and recycling is a working solution with many benefits.
It’s hard to imagine exactly how much power 4000 kWh of energy is, but believe us – it’s a lot! Just imagine that the average American household consumes about 893 kWh per month. That’s electricity for about 4 and half months.
Paper recycling has the potential to save us incredible amounts of energy.
But what exactly does the process of paper recycling entail?
Paper recycling is the process of converting waste paper materials into new paper products. Recycling existing paper helps us:
Additionally, recycling helps keep our atmosphere and air cleaner by reducing green gas emissions. That’s because the paper fiber contains carbon (once absorbed by the tree) that when recycled is kept out of the atmosphere for longer.
Furthermore, the methane released when paper breaks down is also a contributor to global warming and when we recycle paper we prevent it from getting out into the atmosphere.
Luckily, paper is one of the most recyclable materials on the planet and the process of re-introducing reclaimed paper back into use is relatively straightforward.
According to the American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA), 65.7 % of the consumed paper in the U.S. for 2020 was then recycled. That accounts for a 66% paper recycling rate – 1% higher than that in 2019.
Paper recycling continues to improve and marks a double increase in the recycling rates compared to 1990 when the rate was 33.5%.
The increased rate of recycling is important because instead of ending up in landfills this valuable resource is returned to us, with a significant decrease in the harmful consequences waste has on the environment and our own health.
Landfills are problematic, to say the least. First, there is always the issue of space. With the U.S producing about 12% of the world’s municipal solid waste (MSW), we are always in a race to find new land to store and treat our trash.
To create room for our waste we usually have to move further into wildlife habitats, which consequently ends up upsetting the balance of living for those species and forcing them to either flee or interact with humans unnecessarily.
Unfortunately, our struggles don’t end there, as once trash ends up in our landfills, decomposing processes start releasing gasses like methane.
Methane is one of the most potent greenhouse gasses that trap sunlight in our atmosphere and is one of the most damaging contributors to global warming. Countless eco-systems end up destroyed or ,least of all, imbalanced as a result of the warming of the atmosphere.
Furthermore, together with methane, landfills produce carbon dioxide and water vapor, with trace amounts of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and nonmethane organic compounds. These gasses also harm the climate and create smog which we end up breathing.
Paper recycling is one way we can help alleviate some of the burden created by our landfills.
The good news is that the paper recycling industry continues to develop and more investments are poured into creating a system that allows us to recycle more and more materials, including paper.
In the United States, for example, the recycling and reuse industry is comprised of over 56,000 companies that also support the labor market by creating jobs for over 1.1 million people.
One study found that an investment of $17 billion in the improvement of our recycling solutions has the potential to bring twice as many economic benefits, generating about $30.8 billion in wages, taxes, landfill savings, and the value of recyclables, over 10 years.
Recycling is an important part of our sustainable economic future and needs the attention of consumers, businesses, waste management companies, and governments.
Sustainability is the way forward, and recycling is an essential part of our eco-friendly future. Paper recycling, in particular, is one very well-established way to ensure we conserve natural resources, support the economy, and keep our environment clean.
So next time you hold a piece of paper in your hand, think of the enormous potential it has, and recycle it.
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https://www.metropaperrecycling.com/5-fascinating-paper-recycling-facts-stats/
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June 9, 2006
In Western civilizations, especially the United States, one of the surest paths to a successful life for a person who lacks privilege or resources is to become a salesman. In the Islamic civilization where feudalistic socio-economic relations persist, in contrast, there are few such business opportunities. That is why so many status-craving enterprising young men in that part of the world make a career out of terrorism. Abu Musab al-Zarqawi was a nobody in his home town of Zarqa, Jordan, but by capitalizing on the jihad resistance campaign in Afghanistan, he made a name for himself that will not be forgotten for a long time.
Oddly missing from the bio-chronology of Zarqawi in the print edition of today's Washington Post was any mention of his early years as a juvenile delinquent, which explain a lot about him. (The online washingtonpost.com reprinted a 2004 story that mentions that.) I recently read Zarqawi: The New Face of Al-Qaeda by Jean-Charles Brisard with Damien Martinez. Though not really a scholarly book, it has a solid factual grounding. Zarqawi was a misfit in schools, and ended up as a thug in his home town of Zarqa (hence his family name), Jordan. What struck me was the rapid success Zarqawi had in fund raising in Europe, after training with Al Qaeda in Afghanistan. He did take refuge in Iraq for several months after the U.S.-led coalition toppled the Taliban government in late 2001, which U.S. officials cited as evidence of a link between Al Qaeda and Iraq. For most of that period, however, he was in the autonomous Kurdish region.
In his final months, Zarqawi seemed to be gaining prestige as he outwitted the Coalition pacification forces, wreaking mayhem and misery on the Iraqi people with impunity. Zarqawi's tactics were characterized by indiscriminate targetting and a shocking degree of ruthlessness that can only be described as diabolical. From his (absolute Evil) perspective, the future seemed bright, and then Fate (or was it Divine Mercy?) took a sudden, unexpected turn: BOOM! He survived the initial bomb blasts, which makes one wonder what could have been going through his twisted mind during those last couple hours? Perhaps some of the fools he recruited to blow themselves up were motivated by hopes of the "72 virgins" in paradise, but Zarqawi was nobody's fool. That is why we can take some schaudenfreud satisfaction in knowing that his agonizing last moments on Earth were haunted by the specter of failure.
What does this prove? It's a good sign that most people seem to recognize that the very act of killing Zarqawi was an important milestone in the war, whether it leads to a reduced level of violence or provokes another upsurge of terrorism. In the short term, that is beyond our control. On a tactical level, the succesful pinpoint bombing of the safe house where Zarqawi was hiding shows that high-tech smart weapons can, on occasion, be extremely useful in fighting the terrorist movement. It will force terrorists to take even greater precautions against detection, and it will make them suspicious of each other, whether or not it is true that a bounty-seeking "rat" was the key to locating Zarqawi. (That story may be one of those "Psy Ops" schemes.)
What now? Austin Bay thinks this provides broader political opportunities for the new Iraqi government. (By coincidence, Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki had just completed filling the positions in his cabinet, offering some hope for averting all-out civil war between the Sunnis and Shiites.) The Staunton News Leader editorialized that killing terrorist leaders is like cutting the head off of the mythical Hydra serpent: Two new heads grow back in its place. That is a useful metaphor, reminding us that the enemy is not any particular person, organization, or country, but rather an extremist ideology. We can't "kill" such an amorphous adversary, all we can do is cut off its food supply and encourage the development of more modern, liberal alternative ideology.
I think the ultimate consequences of killing Zarqawi depends on whether our forces in Iraq "strike while the iron is hot," retaking the strategic momentum by hunting down Zarqawi's Al Qaeda associates and other terrorists. From what I have read in the news today, I am encouraged that our forces are doing exactly that. If they can kill or capture a substantial number of other fugitives in the coming days and weeks, there is a very good chance that it will "send a message" to prospective terrorist recruits that have nothing but death and shame to look forward to. Little by little, the cold, hard reality of seeing photographs of their leaders as bloody corpses will undermine the romantic fantasy of martyrdom. Jihad will eventually go out of style, Omar and Ibrahim will learn how to make a living as salesmen, and the good guys will win.
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http://www.andrewclem.com/Archives/2006/06/09wa.html
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The combination of investigating child and family characteristics sheds light on the constellation of risk factors that can ultimately lead to dyslexia. This family-risk study examines plausible preschool risk factors and their specificity. Participants (N = 196, 42 % girls) included familial risk (FR) children with and without dyslexia in Grade 3 and controls. First, we found impairments in phonological awareness, rapid naming, and letter knowledge in FR kindergartners with later dyslexia, and mild phonological-awareness deficits in FR kindergartners without subsequent dyslexia. These skills were better predictors of reading than arithmetic, except for rapid naming. Second, the literacy environment at home was comparable among groups. Third, having a dyslexic parent and literacy abilities of the non-dyslexic parent related to offspring risk of dyslexia. Parental literacy abilities might be viewed as indicators of offspring’s liability for literacy difficulties, since parents provide offspring with genetic and environmental endowment. We propose an intergenerational multiple deficit model in which both parents confer cognitive risks.
Prospective studies in which children are followed from the preschool years can provide valuable insights into the characteristics of children who go on to develop dyslexia. However, it is still an open question whether the precursors of dyslexia specifically predict dyslexia and reading development or whether they additionally predict dyscalculia and arithmetic development. Furthermore, less is known about the characteristics of the families in which children who go on to develop dyslexia are born. Knowledge about risk factors of dyslexia sheds light on the causal pathways that ultimately lead to dyslexia. These insights might also be useful for tracing children who are at heightened risk of reading failure and need timely support. The current study investigates plausible risk factors for dyslexia present before reading instruction, both at the level of cognitive skills of the child, as well as at the level of family characteristics.
Risk Factors in Families
Several prospective studies have included children with an increased risk of dyslexia because they are born into families with a history of dyslexia. Depending on the definition of dyslexia, 33 to 66 % of the children at familial risk (FR) have been found to develop dyslexia (Elbro et al. 1998; McBride-Chang et al. 2011; Pennington and Lefly 2001; Scarborough 1990; Snowling et al. 2003; Torppa et al. 2010; van Bergen et al. 2011). The fact that the prevalence of dyslexia is consistently found to be higher in children with a familial history of dyslexia compared to children without such a history is in accordance with a difference between these samples in liability or risk for dyslexia. However, in such a design liability to dyslexia is in fact dichotomized, as children are divided into groups of low and high familial risk (i.e., noFR and FR). Little attention has been devoted to the notion that within the group of FR children those with and without dyslexia probably do not have equal liabilities. Given that dyslexia is influenced by a wide range of environmental and genetic risk factors (Pennington 2006), its underlying liability distribution, however, must be continuously distributed.
In three independent samples (Torppa et al. 2011; van Bergen et al. 2011, 2012) the equal-liability assumption has been tested by comparing the two FR groups on the reading(−related) skills of the parent with dyslexia. Evidence was found against the equal-liability assumption, as the parents of the affected children were more severely dyslexic than those of the unaffected children. Conversely, information regarding possible differences between the groups in reading skills of the spouse, the unaffected parent, is as yet lacking. As a first indication of the effect of both parents, Gilger et al. (1996) found that offspring affection rates were higher in families with two compared to one dyslexic parent (76 % vs. 57 %, respectively). We will present data on parents’ self-reported literacy skills, a valid indicator of tested skills (Snowling et al. 2012). We expected the unaffected parents of the affected children to report more literacy difficulties than those of the unaffected children, mirroring the findings in affected parents.
Differences between the two risk groups in parental reading skills could suggest that these two groups of children differ in genetic predisposition. However, the alternative explanation is that weaker reading parents offer their child a less advantageous literacy environment. Such differences in literacy stimulation might have been the primary cause of children’s differences in later reading success. We will investigate several characteristics of the home literacy environment when children were 3½ years old, and test whether differences are related to children’s reading status 5 years later. The combination of findings on parental literacy skills and home literacy environment sheds light on whether the intergenerational transmission of risks is predominantly via genetic or environmental pathways.
Risk Factors in Children
Alongside characteristics of families that might indicate heightened risk for dyslexia, we investigated characteristics of kindergartners that could signify increased risk. More specifically, we examined whether differences between FR dyslexia, FR no-dyslexia, and control children are only present after some years of reading instruction, or whether the groups already demonstrate differences before the start of reading instruction. By comparing FR children who go on to develop dyslexia with controls retrospectively, it has been shown that phonological awareness, rapid naming, and letter knowledge are the key precursors of dyslexia. FR studies consistently found that children with dyslexia were impaired across these skills during the preschool years (Elbro et al. 1998; Pennington and Lefly 2001; Scarborough 1990; Snowling et al. 2003; Torppa et al. 2010; van Bergen et al. 2011).
In addition, FR studies offer the interesting possibility to compare the FR children classified as non-dyslexic with their peers without FR (controls). Although these FR children do not meet dyslexia criteria, they typically perform less well than controls on reading and spelling tasks after a few years of reading instruction (Boets et al. 2010; Pennington and Lefly 2001; Snowling et al. 2003; but see Torppa et al. 2010 for an exception; van Bergen et al. 2011; van Bergen et al. 2012). These findings provide further support for the continuity of familial risk (Pennington and Lefly 2001; Snowling et al. 2003; van Bergen et al. 2012), and are consistent with a multifactorial model of the aetiology of dyslexia (Pennington 2006).
The somewhat lower literacy skills of the FR children without dyslexia raise the question whether, before the start of reading instruction, they also exhibit mild deficiencies in the cognitive skills underpinning reading, or whether they start off first grade performing as well as controls but experience slower development in reading skills. In previous FR studies the performance of the FR no-dyslexics was equal to or tended to be weaker than controls on phonological awareness, rapid naming, and letter knowledge in kindergarten (Boets et al. 2010; Elbro et al. 1998; Pennington and Lefly 2001; Snowling et al. 2003; Torppa et al. 2010; van Bergen et al. 2011); the only significant difference being for letter knowledge in the study of Elbro and colleagues. However, sample sizes (ranging from 62 to 113) and therefore power was in general moderate. The only large study (Torppa et al. 2010; N = 198) did not find significant differences between these two non-dyslexic groups, neither in preliteracy nor later on in literacy skills. Note that the latter is at odds with other studies. The present study has a comparably large sample (N = 202) and therefore greater power to detect subtle differences. In an earlier paper with this same sample we reported mild difficulties at the end of Grade 2 of the FR children without dyslexia on literacy and phonological awareness, but not on rapid naming (van Bergen et al. 2012). Accordingly, we expected to find mild difficulties in kindergarten on letter knowledge and phonological awareness, but not on rapid naming.
Specificity of Precursors
We also examined the specificity of known precursors for dyslexia. Comorbidity rates of dyslexia and dyscalculia are higher than expected by chance (Landerl and Moll 2010). Accordingly, the above mentioned trio of preliteracy skills also could be predictive of arithmetic skills.
A theoretical framework that is useful for studying overlapping and unique underpinnings of reading and arithmetic (dis)ability is Pennington’s (2006) multiple deficit model. The multiple deficit model is built on the multifactorial and probabilistic aetiology of developmental disorders. It postulates that a cognitive developmental disorder is the behavioural outcome of multiple interacting risk and protective factors. Some of these factors influence several disorders (causing comorbidity) and some are specific to one particular disorder. Although the multiple deficit model pertains to disorders like learning disabilities, it may be valid for learning abilities across the range, since learning disabilities are generally viewed as representing the low end of a normally distributed trait. Several findings on reading and arithmetic abilities are in agreement with the multiple deficit model. At the etiological level, both shared and unique genetic effects on reading and arithmetic have been found (Hart et al. 2009; Kovas and Plomin 2007). Also at the cognitive level shared and unique skills have been identified: phonological deficits seem to be specific for dyslexia, magnitude processing deficits seem to be specific for dyscalculia, and rapid naming deficits have found to be present in both disorders (Landerl et al. 2009; van der Sluis et al. 2004; Willburger et al. 2008).
Following Pennington’s framework, the question is whether common precursors of reading and arithmetic fluency affect the processes that are shared between reading and arithmetic or whether they show domain-specific influences. According to De Smedt and colleagues (Boets and De Smedt 2010; De Smedt et al. 2010), reading and arithmetic ability are concurrently associated because word reading and arithmetic fact retrieval both depend upon the quality of phonological representations in long-term memory. If so, we should find a longitudinal relation between phonological awareness and arithmetic. Building on this hypothesis, the speed of retrieval of phonological representations form long-term memory (as tapped by rapid naming) should be related to subsequent arithmetic fluency, since the latter requires quick retrieval of arithmetic facts. Inefficient retrieval of phonologically-coded arithmetic facts leaves limited memory resources for selecting and carrying out appropriate procedures (Hecht et al. 2001). Indeed, cross-sectional studies have shown associations between rapid naming and arithmetic fluency (e.g., Cowan and Powell 2014; van der Sluis et al. 2007). Georgiou et al. (2013) also found that rapid naming, reading, and arithmetic are interrelated. Contrary to the phonological-representations account (Boets and De Smedt 2010; De Smedt et al. 2010) however, regression analyses showed that what rapid naming shares with each of the learning abilities are processing speed and working memory, rather than phonological awareness. In the few longitudinal studies, relations also have been found between phonological awareness and rapid naming at an early age and arithmetic achievement a few years. (de Jong and van der Leij 1999; Hecht et al. 2001). These relationships have not yet been investigated in the context of an FR design.
The current paper will report new data of an on-going longitudinal study (see e.g., van Bergen et al. 2012). Parental literacy and home literacy environment when children were 3½ years old and children’s cognitive skills in kindergarten will be related to their reading and arithmetic skills in Grade 3. Adding to previous FR studies, in the current study we also examined literacy skills of the non-dyslexic parent and the specificity of known precursors of reading. Research questions were 1) Do home literacy environment and the reading skills of both parents relate to offspring risk of dyslexia? and 2) What is the discriminant validity of predictors of later dyslexia? Do they also relate to later arithmetic skills?
Two samples of children of the Dutch Dyslexia Programme (see van der Leij et al. 2013, for an overview) were involved in this study: 132 at high familial risk (FR) and 70 at low familial risk (noFR). Children who had data present at ages 3½ (literacy questionnaire) and/or 6 (kindergarten), as well as at age 9 (third grade) were eligible for inclusion in this study (N = 202). The Dutch Dyslexia Programme was approved by the ethical committee. All parents gave written informed consent and all children gave assent for participation.
The FR dyslexia group consisted of 50 dyslexic children at high familial risk for dyslexia. The FR no-dyslexia group comprised 82 children at high familial risk but without dyslexia. Finally, the control group included 64 children at low familial risk and without dyslexia. Six children at low familial risk were categorized as dyslexic and were omitted from group comparisons (because of the small group size) but included in full-sample analyses (to prevent restriction of range in the low-risk sample’s reading ability). All FR children had at least one parent and one close relative with dyslexia. In 13 cases (9.8 %) both parents had dyslexia. Parental dyslexia was always based on reading tests. On average, the scores of the dyslexic parents (i.e., weakest reading parent) belonged to the bottom 5 % on reading fluency. Parents of the noFR children were also tested to confirm they were average to good readers. A detailed description of the assessment of familial risk is given in van Bergen et al. (2012). Assessment of dyslexia in the children was done in Grade 3. Children were considered to have dyslexia when their score on the word-reading fluency task (described below) corresponded to the weakest 10 % in the population (equivalent to a Wechsler score of ≤6.2 - norm scores taken from van den Bos et al. 1994). The Grade 3 assessment took place between January and May. Cut-off scores were adjusted according to the month of assessment. Dyslexia diagnosis was based on reading fluency –rather than accuracy– as is standard practice in Dutch and other transparent orthographies (e.g., de Jong and van der Leij 2003; Wimmer and Schurz 2010). The children with dyslexia also exhibited poor reading accuracy, spelling, phonological awareness, and rapid naming (van Bergen et al. 2012).
Table 1 shows the characteristics of the three groups. Percentages of boys were similar across groups. The FR dyslexic children had lower IQs at 4 years of age than the non-dyslexic children (see van Bergen et al. 2013, for a comprehensive investigation). The groups did not differ in age at the questionnaire administration. The control children were 2 months younger at the kindergarten and Grade 3 sessions, but the groups did not differ in the number of months of reading instruction when seen in third grade. Kindergarten encompasses 2 years in the Netherlands. The kindergarten assessment took place between April and August of the second year, when the children were between 67 and 79 months old. Four children were kept down in Grade 1 or 2. Like the other children, they were seen for the Grade 3 assessment after almost 3 years of reading instruction, when these four children attended Grade 2. Finally, parental education (averaged over both parents; scale 1 (primary school only) to 5 (university degree)) was lower in the FR groups than in the control group.
No. (%) of boys
30a (60 %)
45a (55 %)
39a (61 %)
Full-scale IQ (at age 4)
Age in months at assessments
No of months reading at assessment
When children were 3½ years old, parents were asked to fill out a questionnaire about their own literacy and the home literacy environment. Subsequently, the children were tested on preliteracy skills at the end of kindergarten (at age 6) and on school achievement in Grade 3 (at age 9).
Literacy Questionnaire at Age 3½
Both fathers and mothers were asked about their print exposure and literacy difficulties. Three questions were related to print exposure: How many hours per week do you spend on average on reading for 1) work/study and 2) leisure? and 3) How many hours per week do you spend on average on writing (e-mails, letters, postcards, diary etc.)? Each was scored on a scale ranging from 1 (less than 1 h a week) to 5 (more than 10 h a week). The print-exposure measure (range 3–15, Chronbach’s α 0.62) was the sum of the scores for these items. Furthermore, three questions (on a scale of 1 to 3) concerned literacy difficulties: 1) Do you think you are a fast, average or slow reader? 2) Do you have trouble following the subtitles on TV? and 3) Do you think you have more, average or less difficulties with spelling than other people? The sum of the scores for these items formed the literacy-difficulties measure (range 3–9, Chronbach’s αs 0.79 and 0.84 for fathers and mothers, respectively). One copy of the questionnaire was sent out per family.
For 78 fathers and 70 mothers we had scores on both the literacy-difficulties measure and reading-fluency tests of words and nonwords, which allowed us to investigate criterion validity. The parents’ reading-fluency tests (see van Bergen et al. 2012, for descriptions) were administered around the time of their child’s birth. The correlation between the literacy-difficulties measure and a composite of word- and nonword-reading fluency was −0.84 for fathers and −0.85 for mothers.
Home Literacy Environment
The literacy questionnaire also contained questions regarding the home literacy environment. Both fathers and mothers were asked to indicate the frequency of storybook reading in a typical week on a scale from 1 (never) to 5 (more than five times a week) and whether they had a magazine or newspaper subscription. Furthermore, parents were asked to estimate the number of books available in the home (1 = fewer than 20 to 5 = more than 150). Finally, part of an existing questionnaire was used to measure cognitive stimulation (Leseman 1994; Sigel 1982) with statements like “I ask my child questions during storybook reading” and “I encourage my child to tell me about what (s)he has done outside or at (pre)school”. There were six statements (Chronbach’s α 0.54), rated on a scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 6 (strongly agree).
Preliteracy at Age 6
Serial rapid naming (van den Bos 2003) consisted of 50 randomly ordered patches of colours (black, yellow, red, green, and blue) arranged in five columns of ten symbols each. Before test administration, children practiced by naming the last column. Children were instructed to name the colours column-wise as quickly as possible. The time to completion was transformed to number of colours per second to normalize the score distribution. The split-half reliability for 6-year-olds is 0.80 (van den Bos 2003).
Two tests measured phonological awareness: phoneme blending and phoneme segmentation. In phoneme blending (Verhoeven 1993a) the child was required to blend aurally presented phonemes into a word. For example, children listened to the successive phonemes /r/ /u/ /p/ /s/, after which they had to merge this into rups [caterpillar]. Phoneme segmentation (Verhoeven 1993b) was the reverse of phoneme-blending. Now the child had to segment a given word into its constituent phonemes. Both phoneme blending and phoneme segmentation began with three practice trials (with feedback). Test items consisted of 20 monosyllabic words per test, increasing from two to five phonemes, with four to six items for each specific number of phonemes. The tests were stopped when all items with the same number of phonemes were failed. Chronbach’s α for both tests is above 0.85 (Verhoeven 2000). In our sample the tests correlated 0.85. A composite score was created by averaging z-scores.
Both receptive and productive letter knowledge were assessed. The receptive test (Verhoeven 2002) required the child to point from six alternative lowercase letters to the letter that matched a given sound. For instance, the child was asked “Where do you see the/m/of mooi (beautiful)?” The knowledge of 32 graphemes (including digraphs) was tested. Chronbach’s α is 0.88 (Eleveld 2005). In the productive knowledge test, children were asked to provide the sound of 34 graphemes (including digraphs), but letter names were also considered correct (Verhoeven 1993a). The randomly ordered graphemes were printed in lowercase in two columns of 17 items each. Chronbach’s α is above 0.85 (Verhoeven 2000). In our sample the tests correlated 0.89. A composite score was created by averaging z-scores.
School Achievement at Age 9
To assess word-reading fluency, children were given the One-Minute-Test (Brus and Voeten 1972), which consists of a list of 116 words of increasing difficulty. They were asked to read as many words as possible correctly within 1 min. The parallel-forms reliability is 0.90 for Grade 3 (van den Bos et al. 1994).
Two subtests of the arithmetic tempo test (de Vos 1992) were administered: addition and subtraction. Each paper-and-pencil subtest includes 40 problems of increasing difficulty. Per problem two operands have to be added or subtracted (e.g., 13 + 4 = …). All operands and outcomes are below 100. The number of correctly solved problems within 1 min forms the raw score. A total score was computed as the sum of the standard scores over both subtests. Stock et al. (2010) reported a Chronbach’s α of 0.90 and a split-half reliability of 0.93. The correlation between the subtests in our sample was 0.79.
About half of the participants returned the questionnaire that was sent by mail. However, the percentage of data present was approximately equally distributed among the groups (FR dyslexia: 28/50, 56 %; FR no-dyslexia: 42/82, 51 %, and controls: 32/64, 50 %)1. Missing-value analyses showed that the subsamples with and without missing questionnaire data did not differ significantly on parental education, t(189.9) = −0.57, p = 0.572, word-reading fluency of the weakest-reading parent, t(192.2) = −0.17, p = 0.865, or word-reading fluency of the child, t(193.0) = −1.52, p = 0.131. Hence, further analyses of the questionnaire data were deemed appropriate. The preliteracy data were present for 96 % of the children. Grade 3 data were complete, as this was a requirement for inclusion into the study. One outlier on rapid naming in the control group was removed because the score was 3.4 standard deviations above the control group’s mean. Distributions were close to normal, unless stated otherwise.
Differences among the three outcome groups on continuous measures were evaluated using one-way ANOVAs (unless stated otherwise), followed by pairwise comparisons with Tukey’s correction for multiple testing. Group means, one-way ANOVA results, and effects sizes are presented in Tables 2, 3, and 4. Results are described below for group comparisons on family and child characteristics, followed by predictions of children’s reading and arithmetic skills.
Parental literacy according to children’s literacy outcome
Effect size (Cohen’s d)
FRD vs. FRND
FRD vs. C
FRND vs. C
Preliteracy skills at 6 years and school achievement at 9 years according to literacy outcome
Effect size (Cohen’s d)
FRD vs. FRND
FRD vs. C
FRND vs. C
Preliteracy skills (6 years)
Rapid naming colours
School achievement (9 years)
β-weights and total R 2 of the multiple regressions predicting school achievement at 9 years from preliteracy skills at 6 years (left hand side) and pooled within-group correlations (right hand side)
Preliteracy skills (6 years)
Rapid naming colours
Total R 2
Family Characteristics According to Risk and Literacy Status
Parental print exposure and literacy difficulties of the groups can be found in Table 2. The fathers of the control children spent significantly more time on reading and writing than those of the FR children, but maternal print exposure was not to be related to children’s group. These differential patterns could indicate a parent by group interaction. However, in a multivariate analyses (with data of both parents analysed simultaneously) this interaction was not significant, F(2, 90) = 1.63, p = 0.202, and there was only an effect of group, F(2, 90) = 3.73, p = 0.028.
To investigate our hypothesis regarding the effects of the dyslexic and the non-dyslexic parent in the FR sample, we subdivided parent couples according to their reading status (dyslexic vs. non-dyslexic2). Parental print exposure was unrelated to reading outcome of FR children (see third and fourth line in Table 2). Non-dyslexic parents (M = 8.43, SD = 2.95) appeared to read and write approximately equally frequent as the parents of control children (M = 9.42, SD = 2.62), t(94) = 1.59, p = 0.115.
Concerning literacy difficulties (also in Table 2), parents in the control group reported fewer problems with reading and spelling, as was expected given the selection criteria. The only FR parents that reported similar levels of literacy as the control parents (M = 3.88, SD = 0.67) were the non-dyslexic parents of the non-dyslexic children (M = 4.02, SD = 1.31), t(71) = 0.59, p = 0.560. Interestingly, within the FR sample parental self-reported literacy difficulties (literacy difficulties, for short) seemed to differentiate children with and without dyslexia. This difference was large and significant (Cohen’s d = −1.11, p = 0.002) for the non-dyslexic parent. We conducted a follow-up 2 × 2 ANOVA on the four means and standard deviations in the bottom left corner of Table 2. The interaction between parental status (dyslexic vs. non-dyslexic) and child outcome (dyslexic vs. non-dyslexic) approached significance, F(1, 63) = 3.85, p = 0.054.
Regarding home literacy environment, the percentages of fathers/mothers subscribed to a magazine/newspaper were 68 %/68 % in the FR dyslexia group, 73 %/76 % in the FR no-dyslexia group, and 100 %/91 % in the control group. The differences were significant for fathers, suggesting more subscriptions in control families, χ 2(2, N = 101) = 11.86, p = 0.003, but not for mothers, χ 2(2, N = 101) = 4.82, p = 0.090. A table with detailed descriptive statistics on number of books in the home, shared reading, and cognitive stimulation can be obtained from the first author. Here we only present analytic results in the interest of space. The variable about number of books in the home was strongly skewed and therefore analysed with the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Overall, the difference between groups was significant, K(2, N = 102) = 7.01, p = 0.030, suggesting more books in the homes of control families (M = 4.62, SD = 0.75) compared to FR dyslexia (M = 4.04, SD = 1.14) and FR no-dyslexia (M = 4.07, SD = 1.11), but pairwise comparisons with adjusted p-values were not significant. The frequency of storybook reading was virtually the same over groups for fathers, F < 1, and mothers, F(2, 97) = 1.09, p = 0.340. The only difference was that mothers read more than fathers. Furthermore, parents provided similar levels of cognitive stimulation, F < 1.
Children’s Characteristics According to Risk and Literacy Status
Group means on precursors of reading at the end of kindergarten are shown in Table 3. All group effects on the preliteracy tasks were highly significant (ps < 0.001). The FR dyslexia group was slower on rapid naming and knew fewer letters compared to the two non-dyslexic groups, which were statistically indistinguishable. However, the group means on phonological awareness showed a stepwise pattern, with the FR dyslexic children performing lowest, followed by the FR non-dyslexic, and thereafter by the control children. Group differences on preliteracy were not attributable to the group differences on parental education (Table 1), as ANCOVAs with parental education as covariate also yielded highly significant group effects (ps < 0.001) and nonsignificant covariate effects (ps < 0.288). Controlling for IQ differences (Table 1) in ANCOVAs showed significant effects of IQ (ps < 0.001), but all group effects remained highly significant (ps < 0.001).
As can be seen in Table 3, groups did not only differ on reading but also on arithmetic ability. When applying a similar criterion for dyscalculia (≤10, or Wechsler scale score ≤6.2, norm scores taken from Melis 2002) as for dyslexia, the percentages of children identified with dyscalculia were found to differ significantly: 42 % (21/50) in the FR dyslexic group, 20 % (16/82) in the FR non-dyslexic group, and 8 % (5/64) in the control group. These differences were confirmed by a chi-square test, χ 2(2, N = 196) = 19.79, p < 0.001.
Prediction of Children’s Reading Skills
After confirming comorbidity, we examined in the full sample how much of the variance in school achievement can be explained by the preliteracy skills, and whether these skills are specifically related to reading or arithmetic. To ensure that we could collapse the FR and noFR samples, we checked whether the relations between preliteracy skills and school achievement were similar in the two samples. Therefore, we ran regressions with reading or arithmetic as dependent variable, entered one of the preliteracy skills and risk status (coded as 0 = noFR; 1 = FR) in the first step, and checked in the second step whether the interaction between the latter two explained additional variance. None of the interactions was significant (0.172 ≤ p’s. ≤ 923), indicating similar relations in the two samples. Therefore, it was sufficient to include only the main effect of risk in the regression analyses presented below.
The pooled within-group correlations between preliteracy and school skills and results of multiple regression analyses are presented in Table 4. Correlations among all variables were significant. The preliteracy skills were related to both arithmetic and reading skills, albeit seemingly more so with reading.
The first multiple regression showed that risk status and preliteracy skills together explained 51 % of the variance in reading; letter knowledge (akin to an autoregressor) made the strongest contribution. Phonological awareness did not explain variance in reading above that accounted for by rapid naming and letter knowledge. However, when letter knowledge (which correlated 0.71 with phonological awareness) was excluded, rapid naming (β = 0.32, t = 5.36, p < 0.001) as well as phonological awareness (β = 0.33, t = 5.41, p < 0.001) were significant.
When risk and arithmetic ability were added to the model (Table 4, second column), rapid naming and letter knowledge remained significant predictors, so they explained unique variance. This confirms the specific relation between preliteracy and literacy skills. With respect to arithmetic, risk and preliteracy skills explained 27 % of the variance. Rapid naming made a significant unique contribution to arithmetic after risk and reading were controlled.
Lastly, we examined the utility of parental literacy difficulties in predicting children’s reading skills. Again, we first checked the interactions between predictors and risk status in separate regressions, but they were not significant (0.172 ≤ p’s. ≤ 911). Hence, only risk status was accounted for in the regressions below.
Three hierarchical regression models were specified (see Table 5). In line with our research question regarding the non-dyslexic parents of the FR children, we again subdivided parents according to reading ability. The weakest-reading parent refers to the dyslexic parents of the FR children and the weakest of the parent couple of the noFR children (although still reading at least average).3
Hierarchical regression models predicting children’s reading at 9 years from parental literacy difficulties
1 (N = 98)
Literacy of weakest-reading parent
Literacy of best-reading parent
2 (N = 98)
Literacy of weakest-reading parent
Literacy of best-reading parent
3 (N = 86)
Children’s preliteracy skills
Literacy of weakest-reading parent
Literacy of best-reading parent
Risk status was mainly based on the weakest-reading parent. For that reason we anticipated that knowledge of the self-reported literacy difficulties of the weakest parent would not add much over and above risk status. Therefore, in subsequent analyses literacy difficulties of the weakest-reading parent were entered before those of the best-reading parent. This allowed us to test whether literacy difficulties of the best-reading parent (which were not crucial in sample selection) are related to their offspring’s reading skills, controlling for literacy difficulties of the weakest-reading parent. It appeared that literacy difficulties of the weakest-reading parent indeed did not explain a significant amount of variance in children’s reading fluency, but differences in literacy difficulties of the best-reading parent explained an additional 11 % of the variance. Over and above risk, parental education, and literacy difficulties of the weakest-reading parent, the literacy difficulties of the non-dyslexic parent accounted for an additional 9 % in children’s reading fluency. In a final regression analysis, differences in risk, parental education, and children’s preliteracy skills together explained an impressive 57 % of the variance in children’s reading fluency, yet parental literacy difficulties did not significantly add to this prediction.
The regression analyses show the impact of the best-reading parent on children’s reading outcome. Within the FR sample this pertains to the effect of the non-dyslexic parent on their offspring’s risk for dyslexia. To illustrate this effect, we dichotomised the literacy-difficulty measure: ‘non-dyslexic’ parents scoring ≥6 4 were categorized as having literacy difficulty. It appeared that within the group of FR children with a non-dyslexic parent without literacy difficulties 30 % (16/54) developed dyslexia, compared to 79 % (11/14) in the group of FR children with a ‘non-dyslexic’ parent with literacy difficulties.
The current paper studied putative risk factors for dyslexia at the level of literacy behaviours and skills of parents, and at the level of cognitive skills of kindergartners. This was done utilizing data of an ongoing longitudinal study in which children with and without familial risk are followed from infancy.
An important issue addressed was the intergenerational transfer of reading skills. We measured parental reading and spelling difficulties using a rating scale (assessed when children were 3½), which demonstrated high validity: self-reported and tested reading performance in a subsample correlated 0.84-0.85. First, we investigated within the FR sample the effect of the non-dyslexic parent, whose contribution has been neglected in previous work. We found that self-reported literacy difficulties (i.e., reading and spelling difficulties) of the non-dyslexic parent differentiated FR children with and without dyslexia, that is, those of affected children reported on average more difficulties themselves. This supports the view that children who go on to develop dyslexia have a higher genetic predisposition towards dyslexia and that parental skills are indicative of their children’s liability (van Bergen et al. 2012). Second, the literacy difficulties of the dyslexic parent, conversely, did not differentiate FR children with and without dyslexia and did not explain variance in children’s reading. Put differently, their self-reported difficulties did not add to the prediction of children’s reading beyond the fact that they have dyslexia. However, in an earlier paper about this sample (van Bergen et al. 2012) we showed that individual differences in an objective measure of parental word-reading fluency did differentiate FR children with and without dyslexia and did explain variance in children’s word-reading fluency. The group difference on this objective measure was somewhat larger than on the self-reported measure (Cohen’s d = 0.48 vs. 0.30, respectively), presumably reflecting that measuring skills is still more reliable than asking about skills (Snowling et al. 2012). Third, intergenerational transfer of literacy skills was also observed in the FR and noFR samples combined: in regression analyses parental literacy difficulties predicted children’s reading fluency, even after accounting for risk and differences in educational level of both parents. When additionally children’s preliteracy skills were taken into account, parental literacy was no longer predictive.
Only recently an interest has emerged in the predictive value of parental skills for the development of children’s reading skills. Previous FR studies have found associations between reading accuracy, reading fluency, spelling, phonological skills, and vocabulary of the dyslexic parent and their offspring’s reading outcome (Torppa et al. 2011; van Bergen et al. 2011, 2012). Most importantly, this is the first familial-risk study that demonstrates the importance of the literacy skills of the parent without dyslexia. They predicted children’s reading beyond the effect of the dyslexic parent. Within the children with a dyslexic parent, the risk for dyslexia was 2½ times higher if the other parent had literacy difficulties as well. Although the sample size was too small for a reliable estimate of the relative risk, it clearly demonstrates the elevated risk of having a second parent with literacy difficulties (in line with Gilger et al. 1996).
Home Literacy Environment
Investigation of environmental influences did not indicate links between children’s home literacy environment and children’s reading outcome. Before school entry, the home environment of FR children with and without dyslexia did not differ in terms of shared reading, cognitive stimulation, how much parents read and write, newspaper subscriptions, and number of books, although control families tended to have more newspapers and books. Likewise, in previous FR studies no group differences have been found in shared reading, neither in children’s access to print, like library membership or number of books at home (Elbro et al. 1998; Torppa et al. 2007; van Bergen et al. 2011). Although many educators and parents have strong beliefs about the impact of story book reading on later reading success, research repeatedly fails to find such an association (see for a review Sénéchal and Young 2008), which is in line with the present findings.
The absence of a relation between preschool home literacy environment and subsequent reading attainment found in the current and previous familial-risk studies is in agreement with behavioural genetic studies showing low levels of shared environment influence, whereas up to 80 % is due to genetic influences (e.g., Byrne et al. 2009; Haworth et al. 2009). However, the possibility remains that environmental influences in FR studies are downplayed because they are not measured thoroughly, and because FR studies are based on voluntary samples and therefore might include a somewhat restricted range of environments. Another issue that challenges studying environmental effects is that if effects of environmental experiences are found at all, it might well be that those experiences are partly under genetic control (see e.g., Kendler and Baker 2007). Put differently, there may well be forms of gene-environment correlations at play, not just main effects. As an example of an active gene-environment correlation, results of Scarborough et al. (1991) suggested that, compared to pre-schoolers who did not become dyslexic, future dyslexic pre-schoolers were less read to because they were less interested in books. So children’s early language and cognitive development already seems to influence the amount of literacy-related activities they seek.
In line with the literature, in kindergarten the children who went on to develop dyslexia were impaired on rapid naming, phonological awareness, and letter knowledge. Interestingly, the FR children without later dyslexia had age-adequate rapid naming and letter knowledge, but were mildly impaired on phonological awareness. Despite adequate letter knowledge and rapid naming before the start of formal reading, these children read less fluently in Grade 2 (van Bergen et al. 2012) and Grade 3 (Table 3). On the other hand, their reading scores fell within the normal range despite their family history. Hence, it might also be argued that good letter knowledge and skills tapped by rapid naming appear to act as protective factors for dyslexia.
The different results for letter knowledge and phonological awareness were unexpected given the often observed reciprocal development between these skills (e.g., de Jong 2007; Wagner et al. 1994). However, teaching of letters by parents affects children’s letter knowledge (Torppa et al. 2006). The dyslexic families in our study are possibly aware of their children’s risk for dyslexia and might have paid extra attention to teaching letters, which might explain the good letter knowledge of the FR no-dyslexia children. This account is in line with the higher treatment fidelity found in FR families during intervention in kindergarten (Zijlstra et al., The prevention of dyslexia in children with and without familial risk: A randomized controlled trial, submitted). Alternatively, the learning capacity of these children is less affected and more similar to that of control children, making them more likely to pick up letter-sound knowledge.
The finding of weak phonological awareness in combination with good rapid naming of the FR no-dyslexics in kindergarten mirrors the pattern found in this group at the end of second grade (van Bergen et al. 2012), indicating longitudinal stability. Poor performance on phonological awareness has been hypothesized (e.g., Boets et al. 2011; Goswami 2011; Tallal 1980) to be a developmental consequence of impairments in basic auditory processing. Basic auditory processing has been studied in a subset of the current sample at the age of 1½ (van Zuijen et al. 2012) and 3½ (Plakas et al. 2013) using event-related potentials and was indeed found to be weak in FR compared to noFR children. However, basic auditory processing was more strongly related to later reading fluency than phonological awareness, questioning a causal chain from basic auditory processing to reading fluency via phonological skills.
The different group patterns observed for phonological awareness and rapid naming highlight that they have partially unique influences on reading ability and disability, as proposed by the double-deficit theory (Wolf and Bowers 1999). Although their correlation with later reading was remarkably similar (~0.45), group differences showed different patterns for the two precursors and the regression analyses revealed partly unique contributions to reading. In line with this, van den Boer et al. (2013) recently demonstrated differential effects of phonological awareness and rapid naming on the developing reading system. In an experiment with words of different lengths, they modeled the amount of serial (or letter-by-letter) processing as indexed by the time needed to read each additional letter (the word-length effect). They disentangled the word-length effect from overall reading speed and showed that phonological awareness is associated with the degree of serial processing, whereas rapid naming is related to overall reading speed, irrespective of the degree of serial processing. Van den Boer et al. argue that “poor phonological awareness results in poor buildup of orthographic representations, and therefore in continued reliance on a serial processing strategy” (p.244/245). Translating their conclusions to the current study, the FR no-dyslexia group is hypothesized to have some difficulty with building up orthographic knowledge (a requisite for sight-word reading), but not with fast processing of orthographic knowledge and fast retrieval of phonological codes. The FR dyslexia group seems to be impaired in all these elements.
Specificity of Preliteracy Skills
Our study once more confirmed that poor rapid naming, phonological awareness, and letter knowledge in kindergarten are cognitive risk factors for dyslexia. With regard to arithmetic, our study showed a clear stepwise pattern of (co)morbidity with dyscalculia. Rates of dyscalculia in the FR dyslexia, FR no-dyslexia, and control groups were 42 %, 20 %, and 8 %, respectively. The demonstrated association between reading (dyslexia) and arithmetic (dyscalculia) raises the question as to whether the three cognitive risk factors for dyslexia are specific for reading. Our analysis controlling for risk and arithmetic showed that rapid naming and letter knowledge or phonological awareness uniquely captured variance in later reading skills. Vice versa, only rapid naming had a small but significant influence on arithmetic, while holding reading constant (in agreement with de Jong and van der Leij 1999), despite the clear associations between the three preliteracy skills and subsequent arithmetic achievement. These results suggest that the preliteracy trio is rather specifically related to the academic domain of reading (see for similar findings from kindergarten to Grade 1 Georgiou et al. 2013). Note that our measurement methods of reading (word-decoding fluency) and arithmetic (arithmetic fluency) closely resemble each other. As lower overlap between word reading and broader mathematical skills are to be expected, this strengthens the finding that letter knowledge and phonological awareness are stronger predictors of reading. In a recent study (Koponen et al. 2013) similar specificity was found for phonological awareness as a reading-specific precursor, whereas rapid naming was as strongly related to later arithmetic fluency as to later reading fluency. Together, our studies suggest that rapid naming should not be considered as a domain-specific precursor.
In our data, the part of the variance of letter knowledge and phonological awareness that was predictive of later arithmetic performance was shared with reading performance, as indicated by the lack of unique contributions over and above reading. This is in line with Hecht et al. (2001) who also did not find a unique effect of phonological awareness on arithmetic over a 3-year time period, after controlling for individual differences in reading ability. Fluent word-level reading and arithmetic fact retrieval have in common that they are both affected by the quality of phonological representations (Boets and De Smedt 2010; De Smedt et al. 2010) and include verbal learning. Note that this hypothesis, that explains why reading and arithmetic are associated, is not directly testable with the current arithmetic task with items of increasing difficulty. Children likely started the task using fact retrieval and shifted somewhere along to using procedures. Nevertheless, fact retrieval is likely an element in the more difficult calculation as well, because procedural strategies often involve the (partly) breaking down of complex calculations into simple ones that can be solved by fact retrieval. Based on the findings of De Smedt and colleagues higher correlations with arithmetic might be expected when arithmetic was tested using only items with a high probability of being solved purely by retrieval.
Rapid naming, interestingly, uniquely predicted arithmetic while holding reading constant, and vice versa. The importance of efficient retrieval of phonological codes (as tapped by rapid naming) for arithmetic efficiency has also been shown in cross-sectional work (e.g., van der Sluis et al. 2007) and supports the view that efficient retrieval of arithmetic facts leaves sufficient memory resources for the selection and implementation of appropriate procedures (Hecht et al. 2001). Contrasting with de Smedt’s phonological explanation, but in line with the findings of Georgiou et al. (2013) it is not the phonological but the processing-speed component of rapid naming that explains its relation with arithmetic. Our study differs however from Georgiou et al.’s study in terms of arithmetic task, age span and sample selection, hampering drawing parallels. Data of a more similar study (de Jong and van der Leij 1999) showed specific effects of rapid naming on reading from kindergarten to Grade 2, and a trend for a specific effect on arithmetic (see their Table 9), mirroring the current findings from kindergarten to Grade 3. The conclusion that the aspects of rapid naming that impact upon reading and arithmetic development only partly overlap is intriguing and calls for further research to uncover which cognitive aspect of rapid naming is exclusively related to arithmetic fluency.
It should be acknowledged that we had a specific sample of children with and without FR for dyslexia. However note that the relations among variables were similar in the FR and noFR samples, providing some support for the generalizability of the current results to other populations. The finding of equally stimulating home environments among groups is weakened by the limited reliability of the questionnaire. However, the finding fits with the body of family and twin studies. Regarding comorbidity, the current study underlines the value of studying simultaneously the emergence of two developmental disorders. Inclusion of other disorders that often co-occur with dyslexia in future longitudinal studies will further contribute to our understanding of dyslexia.
Intergenerational Multiple Deficit Model
Our findings fit well in Pennington’s multiple deficit model (2006). Deficits in phonological awareness and rapid naming can be viewed as two of the multiple cognitive deficits that increase the probability of dyslexia. Poor letter knowledge can be seen as a third underlying cognitive deficit, or as an earlier developmental manifestation of dyslexia (akin to an autoregressor of reading). Slow rapid naming might well be a cognitive deficit in common to dyslexia and dyscalculia (in line with e.g., van der Sluis et al. 2004; Willburger et al. 2008). Shared deficits can account for the frequent co-occurrence of these developmental disorders. Rapid naming taps multiple cognitive processes and it is yet to be scrutinized which of its components affect both the developing reading and arithmetic system and which are unique to each of these domains.
The parent–child resemblance reported in the current and other recent literature seems to imply that the multiple cognitive deficit model of Pennington (2006) can be extended to an intergenerational multiple cognitive deficit model (see van Bergen et al., The intergenerational multiple deficit model and the case of dyslexia, in revision, for a more elaborate justification and description). As we argued in an earlier paper (van Bergen et al. 2012), literacy abilities of parents might be viewed as indicators of their offspring’s risk or liability for literacy difficulties, since parents provide their offspring with their genetic and family endowment. In Pennington’s model the focus is on a specific individual, whereas we propose to add an extra layer, or level of analysis which encompasses parental characteristics. In the intergenerational multifactorial deficit model, characteristics of both parents can be seen as a proxy for the aetiological risk and protective factors for their offspring’s predisposition towards developmental disorders. These parental characteristics include both factors that directly shape children’s environmental exposure, and cognitive factors that are partly genetically transmitted to their offspring. The latter may include (when children’s reading is the outcome of interest) skills like reading and spelling, or may include their cognitive underpinnings like phonological awareness, rapid-naming ability and verbal short-term memory. Examples of parental characteristics that might affect children’s outcome via direct environmental influences are, in the case of reading development, the frequency of shared reading (fostering print knowledge and interest) and the frequency of independent reading (providing a role model). On each of these cognitive and environmental continua parents occupy a position in multivariate space. The constellation of these factors of both parents gives an indication of their offspring’s liability to develop certain cognitive disorders. The findings from the Dutch Dyslexia Programme suggest that parents confer risk factors for dyslexia predominantly via genetic rather than environmental pathways. That is, genetic transmission and passive gene-environment correlations might be more important than direct environmental effects of parental characteristics.
More research investigating the cognitive risks that parents pass on to their children is needed to further develop the proposed intergenerational multiple deficit model. Such studies will help to contribute to unravelling the aetiology of developmental disorders. Additionally, such research could lead to better identifying the children at-risk for cognitive developmental disorders and provide them timely with appropriate support.
The Dutch Dyslexia Programme is supported by grant 200-62-304 from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research.
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.
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Airborne LiDAR data was acquired by CRREL on 21 August 2015 over Lake Isabella and the Lake Isabella Dam, California as part of a coincident regional study. These data were collected using an airborne laser scanning (ALS) system comprised of a Riegl Q680i full-waveform LiDAR sensor, an Applanix POS AV INS system, and custom designed hardware and aircraft integration components. The system was installed in a Partenavia P.68, with an average collection AGL of 2,600' and airspeed of 90 knots. A total of 19-flight-lines were collected during a single flight, with 50% overlap of laser swath coverage, given a 60 deg across track field-of-view.
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|Data last updated||February 3, 2022|
|Metadata last updated||February 3, 2022|
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21 NatureForm I-14 Incubators give the hatchery an incubation capacity of 452,088 eggs. Eggs are set every Friday during the hatching season.
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A wall is built over the top of the hatchers to prevent hatchery residue from being recirculated into the back of the machines. Conditioned air is drawn through the machines to allow them to operate more evenly.
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On a Monday morning, chicks are transferred from the hatch baskets into plastic chick boxes to make sorting easier.
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Special cardboard chick boxes are used for all customer orders. For biosecurity reasons, we don’t bring any boxes back into the hatchery after a delivery.
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interest in a fascinating subject of study. If this be the case, a
large number of specialized works which treat every least phase of
"Interior Decoration" in exhaustive detail, are available.
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Back in the fall, a good friend and colleague passed along Denis Dutton’s New York Times Op-Ed piece titled Has Conceptual Art Jumped the Shark Tank? Deborah knew that the editorial would provide fodder for much needed dialogue about what qualifies as art today, and she suggested I use it for a Socratic Seminar since I would be focusing some of my own professional development this year on running more effective seminars with my students.
Well, today is the day.
I created packets of readings that students would review prior to our seminar, including the Dutton piece, reader comments on the Dutton piece, a Sol Lewitt quote, a review of the recent Tino Sehgal exhibit, and a few other articles. All of the readings address, in one way or another, what qualifies as art. We will open the discussion simply with this: Does an idea qualify as a work of art? Can an artist have an idea, instruct other people to make it, and take the credit?
Experience and history tell us the answer is obviously YES to this second question, but is it fair? When does the idea become art? I remember Deborah facilitating a Socratic Seminar with her classes last year where she explored whether or not those who retouch photos for fashion magazines should be given credit along with the actual photographer. I remember sitting in on the class conversation and thinking, “I want to run more discussions like this. I want more dialogue like this in my own class,” as students defended their positions on whether or not someone who digitally manipulates a photo should be given any credit at all (in a Socratic Seminar, for those who aren’t familiar with them, participants aren’t charged with finding a “right” answer but rather are asked to explore a text, work of art, and/or question in depth and in search of multiple perspectives to inform an opinion. Gee… what a novel idea).
Denis Dutton may have criticized Damien Hirst’s “Medicine Cabinet” and Jeff Koons‘ “Vacuum Cleaners” as “reckless investments”, but the opportunity to use these works as a springboard for defining and redefining art with students is really quite priceless.
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The next generation of Northern Territory paramedics have begun studying at Charles Darwin University this week, with 36 paramedicine students aiming to hit the local workforce within three years.
Almost 70 per cent of students enrolled in the Bachelor of Paramedicine course are Territory residents, with more than 10 per cent of enrolments identifying as Indigenous.
Many of the students have come from a variety of regional NT towns including Katherine, Oenpelli and Jabiru.
The course is in partnership with St John NT and will cater to the unique conditions of the Territory, providing a much-needed boost for local paramedic recruitment and retention.
It is the first time in the NT’s history that paramedics have had the opportunity to train locally.
Paramedicine student Laanie Wright, from Darwin, said she was excited at the prospect of becoming a trained paramedic in the NT community.
“I’ve always wanted to get into paramedicine and when I moved up to Darwin last year to be closer to my parents, I saw CDU advertise the course and it seemed like perfect timing,” she said.
“I can’t wait to learn about being a paramedic in the NT, which I think will contain unique challenges compared to other environments down south.”
Studying at CDU’s College of Health and Human Sciences, the students will cover a wide range of topics including Anatomy, Physiology, Perspectives in Paramedicine Practice, Health Care Systems, Policies and Indigenous Health.
The NT is considered one of the country’s most diverse locations for paramedics, giving students the opportunity to develop skills and experience with complex medical cases, high speed trauma, and delivery of care in extreme and isolated conditions.
College Dean Professor Dominic Upton said the course was uniquely positioned to explore issues of national and regional importance such as Indigenous health and mental health.
“The course offers a unique focus on Indigenous health perspectives, mental health, maternal and paediatric patients, to prepare students to work in a wide range of settings across Australia,” he said.
“We are excited to train people in the NT, for the NT and with the NT.”
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Chausu-dake, the highest mountain, is an active volcano and at a height of 1915 m above sea level, fumes white smoke. This is a popular hiking trail, where holidaymakers and their families can climb as far up as the 8th stage of the mountain by ropeway.
Minami-gassan is a mountain ridge with a gentle slope stretching on the western side of Mt. Chausu-dake. From here, one can have a panoramic view of Ubagadaira plains. In addition, Minezakura cherry trees spread in the gardens of flowers at the top of the mountain.
This mountain is the southern most of the 5 Peaks in Nasu. The height of the mountain is 1589 m above sea level, which makes it the lowest of the five. The beautiful scenery at the foot that comprises the Nasunogahara plains can be enjoyed from here.
Mt. Asahi-dake is sharply shaped like the edge of a sword and is similar in appearance to the Hotaka mountain ranges of the Japanese Northern Alps. As a result, it is also known as the Hotaka of Nasu. The beautiful view from the mountain’s peak at a height of 1896 m above sea level, with its strange rocks and bizarre stones, is bound to marvel visitors.
In feudal times, Mt. Sanbonyari-dake used be the borderline for three clans, namely, the Ashino, Kurobane and Aizu clans. The clans’ vassals placed spears on the top of this mountain to determine the boundaries of each area. Thus the mountain was named Sanbonyari-dake, which means the three spears mountain. Hikers can enjoy alpine floras in the fields at a height of 1916.9 m above sea level.
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For the past two decades, South African’s have been spending Heritage day like a normal holiday, presenting a lost opportunity for us to celebrate our diverse and rich heritage.
With a renewed focus on nation-building and social cohesion, South Africans are being encouraged to celebrate their heritage. Heritage institutions like the National Museum, Bloemfontein have pulled out all the stops to bring communities together to celebrate our cultural heritage, diversity of beliefs and different traditions.
Pitsa di a bela Heritage Event: Oliewenhuis Art Museum
The event name translates to ‘the pot is boiling’ and is a family-friendly heritage event hosted by Oliewenhuis Art Museum that celebrates our rich and diverse natural and cultural heritage.
Oliewenhuis is a satellite museum of the National Museum in Bloemfontein. The key attraction will be the Standard Bank Trail Run which will take place on the beautiful hiking trail of Oliewenhuis.
A 1km Kiddie run is also offered for the little ones. A craft and heritage market will include stalls filled with a range of interesting goodies including beautiful locally carved wooden sculptures, high quality handcrafted baby clothes, African drums and woven horse-hair jewellery.
The Basotho Cultural Village
will be displaying traditional Basotho crafts and Project Mantis, representing the Khwe Community in Platfontein will share aspects of their culture with visitors.
Kids can also explore dinosaur and other artefacts from the Nation Museum’s collection which will be on display at Oliewenhuis on the day.
Batho Centenary Celebrations: Bloemfontein’s oldest township
In 2018 Bloemfontein’s oldest existing township or ‘location’, as it had been called in the past, is hundred years old. Batho was established in 1918 by the Municipality of Bloemfontein as a new ‘model location’ for Bloemfontein’s black residents. This followed a decision to demolish the old Waaihoek location and move all Waaihoek’s residents to Batho.
During the past nine years the National Museum developed a special relationship with Batho’s residents through the Museum’s Batho Community History Project. The objective of this project is to collect, preserve and disseminate information on Batho’s history by means of academic research as well as the conducting of oral history interviews with Batho’s residents.
One of the project’s focus areas is the gardens and gardening culture of Batho’s residents as an important aspect of the township’s living heritage. The overall theme for the centenary event will focus on Batho’s gardens and gardening culture as living heritage. In 2013 a permanent exhibition on Batho was opened in the National Museum.
Freshford House, First Raadsaal and Wagon Museum
The Raadsaal in Bloemfontein.
No heritage road trip to Bloemfontein will be complete without visiting the Freshford House Museum, the First Raadsaal and Wagon Museum.
Freshford House Museum
is one of the few houses of the upper middle class of the Edwardian Period that still exists in Bloemfontein.
It was completed in 1897, during a transition between the Late Victorian and Edwardian periods. The house, with its asymmetrical facade, unplastered red
brick walls, bay windows, veranda with carved wood and corrugated iron roof with cast-iron finishes, is a typical example of a residence during this period in Bloemfontein. A Late Victorian Period garden was laid out on the site to complement the house.
The First Raadsaal
is the oldest remaining building in Bloemfontein.
The history of the establishment of the Free State is depicted here. The Wagon Museum is situated on the same premises as the First Raadsaal Museum. It houses a collection of historical wagons and carriages, such as a spring wagon, Voortrekker ox wagon, transport wagon, stagecoach, mule wagon, spider and Cape cart.
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Polycystic ovarian disease (PCO) is the most common primary reproductive abnormality associated with impaired fertility in young women. This syndrome is hallmarked by hypersecretion of luteinizing hormone (LH), ovarian theca-cell hypertrophy, hyperandrogenemia, oligo- or anovulation, amenorrhea, hyperinsulinism, dyslipidermia and increased cardiovascular risk. Within this constellation, cardinal pathophysiological features are hyperinsulinism and excessive LH secretion. At least four categories of insulin-depleting regimens are able to improve or normalize various facets of reproductive impairment in PCO. However, the mechanistic bases of LH hypersecretion and insulin resistance, and the manner (if any) whereby the foregoing major pathophysiologies are causally interlinked are unknown.
|Translated title of the contribution||Highlights on the neuroendocrine adaptation in polycistic ovarian syndrome|
|Number of pages||12|
|Journal||Cuadernos de Medicina Reproductiva|
|State||Published - Jan 1 2003|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
Keeping up with your SEO is a bit like the decades-old tech battle between police radar technology and radar detector companies. As soon as radar detector manufacturers learn how to overcome the latest law enforcement advances, police radar takes another leap, changing the game. Then detector technology takes another leap. SEO is like this because, as soon as marketers contrive ways to work in harmony with the latest Google algorithm updates, Google changes the algorithms to make them more difficult to “trick.” Back and forth the battle goes; we as marketers gaining ground in search engine results, only to be forced to change tactics a few weeks later because the algorithms change again. SEO isn’t so much a set of hard-and-fast rules as it is an ongoing battle to adjust and re-adjust to the types of content currently being favored by search engines.
Our SEO department constantly tracks changes to Google’s algorithms (among other things) to keep our clients ahead of the game. We watch rises and falls in organic search traffic for various types of site content on a daily basis and make adjustments to our clients’ online strategies to keep them climbing the search engine result pages (SERPs).
It’s a full-time job for an SEO specialist to watch and respond to these trends, but we thought you might like to know the basics of what we do, so you can make an informed decision about who to work with on your site’s optimization for best results in the Wichita, Kansas, market.
What is SEO?
SEO is a constantly changing system of procedures that increase qualified traffic to your site through organic searches. Search engines use algorithms to determine which sites should appear at the top of search results based on the quality of those sites from an informational standpoint. In its most basic form, SEO is the art and science of populating your website with information and media that are attractive to search engines for the searches being typed in by consumers when they seek your product or service.
There are dizzying numbers of tools and techniques out there for optimizing a website. At US Logo we’ve packaged the ones that, used together, give our clients the biggest bang for their buck. Our proven toolbox of SEO services starts with finding the right keywords for your products and services.
How We Find the Right Keywords for your SEO
When we talk about a “keyword” it can actually be one word or a short phrase in the world of Google algorithms. We use the Google Keyword Planner in conjunction with other apps to determine which ones people are typing into search engines when they look for a company like yours in the Wichita, KS, market. There’s no guesswork involved because this information is available to SEO professionals who know where to look.
We’ll choose one main keyword for every page of your site because Google bots have a certain amount of tunnel vision when it comes to ranking pages, but the algorithms also “read” other parts of the page, looking for similar keywords (called long tail keywords) to confirm that the page is truly a reliable destination for web searchers who type these keywords into a Google search.
We’ll also recommend (and can help you with) high word counts on your site’s landing pages (pages to which you are trying to attract organic traffic with your keywords) because search engines are currently showing heavy favoritism for long text. This is a new development in Google’s algorithms, but a key ingredient if want to skyrocket past your competitors to the top of the search results.
Let’s not forget VEO – voice engine optimization. Siri, Alexa, Google, and Cortana are all taking orders from us daily. We tell them to “search for this”, “play that”, “find… near me”, or “what’s the recipe for…” Is your website ready for this kind of search optimization? If you are one of our Website/ SEO/ Digital Marketing customers you won’t have to worry about this… But if you are not call us at 316-264-1321 to get a head start.
Putting the Keywords in the Right Places on Your Site
Google algorithms are extremely smart when they check your web page to make sure it’s a good destination for people who type in your keywords, but they are computer programs that operate according to specific rules, and we monitor changes in the kinds of content Google bots are looking for when they rank pages. If you use a keyword too much, you’ll be penalized. If you use it in the wrong parts of the page, you’ll be penalized. We’ll help you place the right keywords in the right places on your site to keep you climbing the search result ranks.
Merging Your Mission with Google’s Mission
Google is the world’s most comprehensive index of online media and information because it is very good at serving up the search results that people are looking for, based on a few words typed into a search engine bar. This is Google’s mission, which is very different than your company’s mission, which is to sell as much as possible. One of the keys to successful site optimization lies in providing the kinds of information on your pages that do a good job of selling for you while providing Google bots with the somewhat encyclopedic information Google likes to serve up in response to searches.
This is a time of great opportunity for your company to put long, comprehensive text on your web pages because most of your competitors are probably not doing it yet. Yes, it takes more time to write this type of content, but when you seamlessly merge your goals with Google’s goals, your ranking will rise more quickly.
Placing Your Keywords in the Right Places on Every Page
Keyword placement within a page is a trick many webmasters overdo. The main keyword for a given page should appear in the right places, but it should not appear too many times or Google will penalize your ranking for what it thinks is keyword stuffing. We’ll make sure you have the right keywords in the right places to act as Google bait rather than deterrents.
Optimized Images on Your Site
Google rewards sites that are rich with images because most web searchers would rather look at pictures than read text. But Google bots have no way of knowing what content is in an image or video unless you tell them. This is where alt text comes into the SEO picture.
Alt text is information we add to images that the bots can read. Alt text tells bots what each image contains, so search engines have a way of “reading” them. We’ll place the right keywords and information in this text also, not only describe what’s shown but to coax the search algorithms into rewarding your page with higher rankings.
Optimized Video Content
Video is even more important than images from an SEO standpoint because the more time people spend on your site, the more Google mojo you get. Our strategy goes beyond that by posting your videos on YouTube (which gives them their own SEO life on the web), then optimizing them with the same keywords used on your website in a way that improves the rankings of the website itself.
We’ll embed the videos on your site, which means they’re being played from YouTube’s servers, and your YouTube channel will receive credit for the views—an added bonus that further boosts your SEO power.
What our Local SEO Services will do for Your Business
They call it the World Wide Web. So what are the advantages for Wichita businesses who work with a local SEO services provider?
SEO is most effective when you integrate it with your other branding efforts. The keywords you use should be chosen based on perceptions of your brand in the community, other promotions you’re running (both on and offline) and what your competitors are doing in their SEO. In spite of the Internet’s global reach, search engines are very good at serving up local information based on user IP addresses and other factors, meaning you’re still competing locally, even online. A local marketing partner is better informed on your community image, your other marketing efforts and what your competitors are doing. Also, it’s nice to be able to meet someone face to face when you do business with them.
How Long Does it Take to Rank Organically on Google?
Without some kind of optimization plan, your site may never make it to the first page of the search engine results. With moderate SEO, it can take years—or never happen, if you have SEO-savvy competitors. Our customers often get to Google’s page one within 3-6 months, and some even faster.
Where do we Start?
Before we touch anything on your site, we’ll do research, some of it common-sense stuff, and some of it much more technical, including a look at what kind of traffic you’re getting now and what kind of traffic your competitors are getting. We’ll identify keywords that your customers are typing when they search for your product or service and make recommendations about which ones offer the greatest likelihood of success in the Wichita and global (if appropriate for your company) marketing environments.
We’ll counsel you on the types of content strategies that can accelerate your rise in the search results, including text, images and video. In short, we’ll give you a map to SEO success, and we’ll offer you cost options that fit your budget.
What are the Costs?
SEO can get expensive; really expensive, but not when you work with us.
SEO, like every other kind of marketing, works best with constant attention. Google’s algorithms sometimes change weekly, and the work we did for one client three months ago is often less effective than the work we do for another client today, so the constant monitoring that accompanies an ongoing contract works to your advantage. Here are some other benefits we offer when you sign up:
- Website backup
- Plugin and software updates
- Daily monitoring
- Reindexing with Google after updates
- Effective SEO for site typically costs less with a contract
Where to Begin with SEO
It starts with a meeting, so we can learn about your online goals and get a sense of what’s working and not working for you online. We’ll also get a sense of what kind of cost goals you have in mind, then we’ll make suggestions scaled to your budget. We’ll keep you informed every step of the way, so you’ll understand what we’re doing, why we’re doing it, and how well it’s working.
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1.) Improved mobility : You will have greater flexibility and freedom to move as you like through targeted mobilizations and stretches that are catered specifically to you and your problem.
2.). Strength gains: You will have improved strength and control during simple and complex functional tasks by addressing the correct muscle groups.
3.) Decreased Pain and discomfort: With an increase in range of motion and strength, you will have less inflammation of tissues and decreased pain. This decreases the need for long term pain medication use and it's potential side effects.
4.) Have tools to manage symptoms: Physical therapy is unlike chiropractic work or massage therapy, because we encourage active participation in wellness through education. Education of posture, a specific home exercise program catered to you, and information on how to best deal with your condition.
5.) Do what you love to do without restriction: Improving flexibility and strength, as well as decreasing pain and providing intentional education allows for you to return to activities that you love with decreased discomfort and fear.
The vision statement for the American Physical therapy Association is "Transforming society by optimizing movement to improve the human experience." That is my role and my wish to share with society. We are only here for so long, so why not enjoy the treasures that life can offer?
What does a physical therapist (PT) do? I wanted to address this, because I am not sure enough people know exactly what PTs can do to help. Our job is to reduce a client's pain and improve or restore full mobility through hands-on techniques, individualized exercise programs, and education to prevent or manage their condition. We work on everything from head to toe that is musculoskeletal in origin. Some of the most common problems include rotator cuff issues, and neck or back pain. Both acute, or chronic issues can both benefit from a proper treatment plan. Treatment often allows clients to avoid costly surgery or the need for prolonged use and side effects from pain medication. We promote life-long health benefits by promoting fitness or wellness oriented programs that allow you to be more active.
How do we do all of this? First off, we are highly-educated and licensed health care professionals. I went to Ithaca College for both undergraduate and graduate degrees, graduating with a Doctorate of physical therapy. Graduating from an accredited university is a prerequisite prior to sitting for an intensive state licensure exam that you must pass in order to practice. Then, one of the most important parts, we evaluate each client as an individual, gathering a history of their health and current symptoms. Evaluations typically start out similar to an interview delving into what is going on, how long it has been going on, what makes symptoms better or worse, etc.. We will then proceed to a systems review, palpate tissues and joints, screen strength, range of motion, and functional mobility. If problems are apparent, special tests can be performed, which allow a physical therapist to be able to confirm a diagnosis. For example tenderness to lateral or outer joint line of the knee alone has been shown to be very accurate in diagnosing meniscal injuries. Between the history and evaluation we are able to have a really good idea of the diagnosis without the need for MRI. After the area of dysfunction is determined then our education on tissues and their healing processes as well as medical conditions sets us apart in prescribing a specific and appropriate plan of care for each individual. Goals are set for each client's needs and desires so we can get them back to doing what they want. To stay on top of our game, it is required that physical therapists take continuing education classes every year, not only to maintain our license but to stay most current with new techniques and research.
Until now, physical therapists typically work in the hospital, nursing home, rehabilitation settings, in schools with children, outpatient clinics and with home health agencies. Pioneer PT introduces a new delivery of treatment via a mobile "outpatient" clinic that makes treatment easier and more private for the client, all while giving the best one-on-one care possible. No longer will you have to have the extra hassle to find a ride when you are unable to drive or take the extra time out of your day to travel to an outpatient setting. Pioneer PT travels to you whether your home, office, or wherever we deem fit. You also won't be crammed into an outpatient setting where you spend very little time with the actual physical therapist before being passed off to a technician who solely trained on the job. Clients will receive a full hour of one-on-one care with a doctor of physical therapy. Pioneer PT will fill the gaps where traditional delivery of care is lacking.
Hope to see some of you soon, so we can restore your movement and fuel your passions!
I know some of you may be wondering, "What the heck is that picture, and how does it relate to physical therapy?" In short, this is a picture from my once in a lifetime trip that got the wheels spinning. However, after contemplating the question a bit longer, everything in my life has brought me to this point of launching the first of it's kind on-demand physical therapy clinic with a doctor of physical therapy that travels directly to the client.
Years before I knew I wanted to be a physical therapist, I had a sense of small business instilled into me ever since I was a kid. Both my mother's and father's parents owned small businesses. My grandmom on my mom's side owned both a flower shop in OCMD, and a clothing store in Towson, while my grandfather owned a successful door manufacturing business. However, my father's family business, Dulkerian's Persian Rug Co., dulkerianspersianrugco.com, made the largest impact on my life as I helped my dad every summer growing up while school was out. My grandmother repaired rugs for years, while my dad took over for my grandfather. Getting up and commuting an hour into Baltimore every day to wash dirty rugs for a living will definitely make you humble. However, it was something I was proud of. Dad worked so hard to support his family and to help people out. He has always made it more convenient for customers with pick ups, deliveries, and sales directly to his customers out of his blue work van.
I found physical therapy in my junior year of high school, and I knew it was what I wanted to do for my career. I also knew that this career would allow me a chance to one day own my own business. I worked hard and ended up going to Ithaca College to study physical therapy. This was when I met the most influential person in my young career: my professor Ernie Nalette. He always talked about the profession of physical therapy and how it truly was in the real world. He became a mentor influencing me to question the status quo, and to want better for my patients. Physical therapy should not be an assembly line, packing as many people as possible into a day. I took his advice to heart, but worked on honing my skills for just about the past 10 years, becoming very proficient in hands-on techniques.
I have continually seen decreases in reimbursement from insurance companies forcing physical therapists to see more people, and increasing deductibles or co-pays for clients. I wanted something better. This was about the time I took a once in a lifetime trip along the California coastline camping, surfing, and hiking along the way via a 1984 Volkswagen Vanagon named Lone Star from Vintage Surfari Wagons, www.vwsurfari.com. Thank goodness we were not there during the mudslide this past year, because that was the same stretch of road in the Big Sur that we boondocked for the night to watch the sunset over the cliffs. I would highly recommend this drive at least once in your lifetime. Anyway, this was the time I began to realize that it may be possible to create a mobile clinic that I could take directly to clients, with everything I need inside to provide the best quality physical therapy. I made it my mission, putting in a lot of hard work preparing the business, even traveling all the way to the Lone Star State to purchase my big blue van. From scratch, I built out my van into a physical therapy office on wheels thanks to a lot of help from my family. Pioneer PT was born, and now I hope to help as many folks as I can by providing the best possible care directly to you!
James Dulkerian, DPT
Active outdoorsman with an honest soul and a passion for health.
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A recycled jar “carrier” can be used for so many things. I like the idea of silverware and napkins for a buffet, but it could hold candies, craft items, office supplies and more. This is also a good project to do with kids since you can have most of the cutting done at your local home center store when you purchase the materials. Speaking of materials, here’s what you’ll need:
- 4 same sized jars (mine were recycled from pasta sauce)
- Craft wood:
- 1 @ 3/8” x 6” x 24” – cut to 1 @ 8” long
- 1 @ 3/8” x 3” x 24” – cut to 1 @ 8” long
- 2 @ ½” x 4” x 24” – cut to 2 @ 8” long and 4@ 7” long
- Craft finial – medium sized
- Gorilla glue
- Finish nails
- Wood screws
- Palm sander with 22o grit sand paper
- Latex paint of your choice
- Water based polyurethane – matte finish
- Drill and bits
*The dimensions used here are perfect for the jars I used which measure 3” in diameter and are 41/2” tall.
*I selected the craft wood I wanted at the home center store and then I had them cut it down to size for me there.
*When I got home, I sanded all the edges and rough ends so I didn’t get a sliver while building.
1. Sand all the pieces making sure to soften all edges and clean up the rough ends, then tack off with a tack cloth or damp towel.
2. Gather the two ½” x4x8 pieces and two ½”x4x7 pieces. The four pieces will make the sides of the 8” square box. Using wood glue and finish nails, attach two 7” pieces to the inside edges of one of the 8” pieces creating a “U” shape. Add the second 8” piece to the opposite side and you will have an 8” square. Wipe off any excess glue with a damp towel.
3. Glue together the 3/8”x6x8 and the 3/8”x3x8 along their edges to create a bottom for the box that measures 8” square. (Keep in mind that the 6” is really only 5 ½” and the 3” is really only 2 ½” – so regardless of how it sounds, 6 + 3 equals 8 in this case!) Wipe off any excess glue.
5. To make the dividers, grab the remaining two 7” long pieces and cut ½” slots halfway through the width (1 ¾”) centered on each piece. This will allow the two to marry and create the dividers inside the box. (I made these so tight I didn’t need to glue them and I can’t get them apart!)
6. Now paint the pieces, including the craft final in the color of your choice. When the piece is dry, use the sander to rough up the paint a bit so it looks like you’ve used your jar carrier for years! Go over the pieces with a matte finish, water based polyurethane to protect the finish.
7. Screw the craft finial into the center of the dividers where they meet. It would be wise to drill a pilot hole to keep the wood from splitting.
8. Insert the dividers into the box and if they don’t fit very tightly, use wood screws to keep it in place screwing up from the bottom into the dividers. Drilling pilot holes for this would make sense as well. Mine was so tight I didn’t need to do this either.
9. Make sure all of the screws on the bottom of the box are countersunk and add rubber nibs to the four corners of the box so it doesn’t scratch up your furniture.
I just want you to know that I truly did build this by myself without any help from Matt and because of that I am extremely proud of it – and you should be proud of yours too!
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A plumbing system that works very well is vital at home. You can rely on it on various tasks: toilet flushing, kitchen sink drainage, water heater showerheads, tapping water, and so forth.
Unfortunately, with a flawed plumbing system, you can spend a lot of money replacing parts and doing repairs. Such a system may not provide you efficient water pressures, good water quality, good home value, and a healthy family. Therefore, consider these countless benefits for maintaining your plumbing system.
Let’s get started:
1. Prevent Plumbing Emergencies
Plumbing emergencies are unforeseen circumstances that you would wish not to experience. Those emergencies can be stressful and very expensive. For instance, disregarding plumbing issues such as leaks can cause significant damages to your house over time.
A pipe burst can fill your home with sewage and damage your ceilings, floors, and carpets. Therefore, if you have a regular plumbing maintenance schedule, you will not face future emergency repairs. What is a duplex? This could be a solution to numerous plumbing challenges.
2. Improved Water Quality
Quality water is an assurance of good health. It is worth noting that plumbing pipes eventually wear out. The wearing out of these pipes exposes the metallic parts to rust that contaminates your water supply.
Leaking water is a breed of disease-causing bacteria and encourages the growth of mold. Therefore, maintenance of the plumbing system can help identify and rectify the source of contamination.
3. Better Water Pressure
It is so frustrating to use low water pressure for showering. Also, doing house chores with low water pressure can be demeaning. Water leaks cause low water pressure. Repairing the faulty taps can bring back water to its initial correct pressure levels will solve the problem. However, continuous plumbing system maintenance will solve low water pressure once and for all.
4. Saves Money on Utilities.
It is reported that 3000 gallons of water are lost annually due to a drop of water every second. Loss of water skyrockets your utility bills. Therefore, a plumbing system that is well maintained will control your water meter that is spinning continuously. Also, you will save a lot of money on your monthly water bill.
- Healthy Family
Clogging of pipes as a result of mineral siltation and undissolved particles is a common plumbing problem. These minerals and undissolved particles carry disease-causing bacteria.
These sediments could also lead to the blockage of your plumbing system. However, conducting routine checks for your plumbing system will give you the needed water pressure.
- Improved Home Value
Improved home value is guaranteed if you have maintained your plumbing system. Of the total value of your home, plumbing systems usually account for 10%. Accounting for your plumbing costs will help you decide on your selling price when you want to sell your house. Therefore, conducting routine checks for your plumbing system will improve your home value.
The Final Word
Maintaining your plumbing system is very important if you want to live happily. With the high costs of repairs, keeping your plumbing system will save you a lot of money. Also, clogging of pipes due to sediments and undissolved particles can result in many unprecedented diseases. Therefore conducting routine checks for your plumbing system is highly recommended.
Finally, create a good rapport with your plumbers for efficient plumbing system maintenance.
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Figurative mark RIMI GOODLIFE found to be similar to word mark GOODLIFE
- Goodlife Foods Limited opposed the registration of ICA AB’s mark RIMI GOODLIFE in Classes 29, 30 and 32 based on its earlier word mark GOODLIFE
- ICA AB argued that its mark contained an additional verbal element referring to the name of its well-known retail chain, as well as other graphical differences
- The Appeals Division upheld the opposition, as the fact that both marks contained the identical element ‘goodlife’ outweighed the differences
On 5 December 2017 the applicant, ICA AB, applied to register the figurative national trademark RIMI GOODLIFE (No 78445), pictured below, for the total alphabetic list of goods in Classes 29, 30, 31 and 32 and for some services in Class 35.
On 20 August 2018 Goodlife Foods Limited filed an opposition with the Appeals Division requesting invalidation of the later trademark RIMI GOODLIFE for all goods in Classes 29, 30 and 32 in Lithuania based on its earlier word mark GOODLIFE (No 015678402), registered for goods and services in Classes 29, 30, 32 and 39. Goodlife Foods Limited stated that the RIMI GOODLIFE mark had been registered in breach of Article 7(1) (2) of the Law on Trademarks, since it is confusingly similar to the earlier trademark because of the identical verbal element ‘goodlife’, which it considered to be the dominant element in the compared marks. It maintained that the fact that this element was written in a different style was insignificant. The earlier word mark is fully repeated in the figurative mark, is placed in a central position and has an independent distinctive function in the overall composition of the opposed mark. However, although the figurative mark has the additional verbal element ‘RIMI’, consumers would perceive that word as the name of the supermarket. Accordingly, Goodlife Foods Limited argued that the marks were similar visually, phonetically and semantically. ICA AB disagreed, stating that its mark consisted of a combination of verbal and figurative elements. The verbal element ‘RIMI’ is the first element and the name of the supermarket, which is well known in Lithuania. The word ‘RIMI’, together with the second word ‘goodlife’, means ‘RIMI good life’. Besides, the word ‘goodlife’, written in a different typeface, is the second element and can be found in the trademarks of other applicants. Although the word ‘goodlife’ was bigger than the word ‘RIMI’, the overall impression of the mark should be evaluated as a whole. In addition, the applicant noted that, although some goods in Classes in 29, 30 and 32 were identical and similar, a conclusion of similarity with regard to goods in these classes was incorrect.
Appeals Division decision
On 8 April 2019 the Appeals Division satisfied the opposition and refused to register RIMI GOODLIFE for all requested goods in Classes 29, 30 and 32 based on the following arguments:
- The applicant was incorrect when it distinguished the dominant element in the figurative mark: the verbal element ‘goodlife’ takes the most prominent position and the first verbal element ‘RIMI’ is written in considerably smaller typeface and takes a secondary position. ‘RIMI’ is the name of the Lithuanian retail chain. This element, due to its typeface and position, could not be considered as the dominant element. At the same time, the verbal element ‘goodlife’, due to its size and central position, retained an independent position and was significant in the overall visual impression. The figurative form used in the opposed mark was usual, banal and had no importance in the visual evaluation of the compared marks. Marks are considered similar when a word is easily recognisable and readable, and the marks have no particular typeface. In this case, the important factor was that the prior mark GOODLIFE was fully incorporated into the opposed mark RIMI GOODLIFE, and ‘goodlife’ was the distinctive and dominant element of the marks.
- The argument that ‘goodlife’ is often found in the trademarks of the other applicants and thus cannot fulfil its function as dominant element was rejected as unfounded. The Appeals Division noted that the registration of the mark per se does not prove its weakness because it does not reflect a real position in the market. The applicant should submit evidence proving the real use of such marks and that consumers are used to seeing them.
- The marks were phonetically similar. The entire opposed mark is pronounced similarly because of the coincident verbal element ‘goodlife’.
- The word ‘RIMI’ does not change the meaning of the opposed mark. The semantic content is related to the dominant element ‘goodlife’, which is identical to the meaning of the prior trademark.
- The goods of the compared marks are identical and similar. The applicant did not submit significant and reasonable arguments to deny the homogeneity of the compared goods.
The Appeals Division concluded that a likelihood of confusion existed since the compared marks are similar and covered identical and similar goods. The term to appeal the decision of the Appeals Division will expire on 8 October 2019. If no appeal is filed, this decision will become final.
This article first appeared on WTR Daily, part of World Trademark Review, in (September/2019). For further information, please go to www.worldtrademarkreview.com
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The Swedish Electrical Safety Agency has ruled that some SolarEdge optimizers and one string inverter from Growatt do not meet its electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements – halting their sale in the country. The agency had recently inspected inverters and optimizers from eleven different PV power electronics suppliers. The inspections were carried out to check as to whether the equipment meet the country's electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements
The agency found that three companies were not in compliance with Sweden's current EMC rules. As a result, the manufacturers were banned from selling the products that were found to be in breach in the country.
The inspection was triggered by several reports received by the electrical safety agency, in which photovoltaic systems were said to have disrupted the radio communications of the police, aircraft, and the military.
The ban applies to Israel-based power electronics supplier SolarEdge for a number of its optimizers. Chinese manufacturer Growatt was also found to have fallen foul of the regulators, for its 8000TL3-S inverter series, which in Sweden are distributed by Sunnytek Solar Sweden AB, and a second company that has not been identified yet.
“There has been multiple news on SolarEdge optimizers that have shown to generate disturbance for an extended period of time,” Amelia Oller Westerberg, a PV market analyst at the consultancy Becquerel Sweden told pv magazine. ” The Swedish Electrical Safety Agency warned the company already in summer 2020 when it was still performing the study that is the basis for the decision.”
SolarEdge expressed surprise at the banning and claims that the complaints filed with the Electrical Safety Agency came from a handful of amateur radio operators.
“These incidents have been extremely limited and have been addressed and resolved without causing major issues,” a SolarEdge spokesperson told pv magazine. “We wish to clarify that all current SolarEdge products are tested, approved and compliant with EU regulations, including EN61000-6-3, the EU standard directly linked to the EMC Directive.”
According to the manufacturer, existing installations are not affected by the measure. “While we disagree with this announcement, and will challenge it, SolarEdge has already begun the transition to its next-generation Power Optimizers, including the newly released S440, S500, P850, P950 and P1100, all of which comply with EN61000-6-3 and EN55011, the EU standard for radio frequency disturbance characteristics,” the spokesperson added.
At the time of publication, Growatt had not responded to pv magazine enquiries on the matter. The Swedish Electrical Safety Agency has also not responded nor identified the third manufacturer affected by the banning.
This content is protected by copyright and may not be reused. If you want to cooperate with us and would like to reuse some of our content, please contact: firstname.lastname@example.org.
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El Paso to sponsor low-cost animal clinic
The El Paso Animal Services Department will sponsor a low-cost clinic this weekend to help prevent the spread of parvovirus and distemper cases, officials said Tuesday.
Animal Services will offer a microchip, rabies vaccine, parvo/distemper vaccine and a pet license, all four for $24. The clinic will be from 6 to 10 a.m. Sunday at the Animal Services facility at 9060 Socorro Road next to Zaragoza Road.
The clinic will be on a first-come, first served basis and is limited to the first 150 animals. Dogs must be on a leash and cats must be contained. The clinic will accept only exact cash or checks. Residents are urged to arrive early.
Information: 842-1000 or EPAnimalServices.com
— Daniel Borunda
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Source: Zera licenses 51 IPPs | The Herald May 15, 2019
Walter Mswazie recently in BIKITA
THE Zimbabwe Energy Regulatory Authority (ZERA) has licensed 51 independent power producers (IPPs) in the last five years in a bid to boost electricity generation in the country.
Most of the licensed IPPs are at different stages of operations, with some being affected by the obtaining foreign currency shortages while others are already feeding power into the national grid.
This was said by Zera acting chief executive Engineer Eddington Mazambani last week in an interview on the sidelines of the Zonful Power Energy programme launch held in Bikita.
“As an authority that regulates all energy production in the country, we have licensed 51 power producers to generate electricity in the last five years,” said Eng Mazambani.
“This year, we look forward to license 12 more entities. In 2018 we licensed 11 independent power producers.
“For Masvingo, apart from Tugwi –Mukosi, we have licensed other three independent power producers for Lake Mutirikwi, Nuanetsi which had some contestations but now ready to start, and the Mkwasine project in Chiredzi district.”
Zera expects the company licensed to establish a 5MW hydro power plant at Tugwi-Mukosi Dam in Masvingo to start on the project before year end.
Eng Mazambani said some the licensed projects include Duru Mini Hydro (2,20MW), Green Fuel (18,30MW), Nyamingura Mini Hydro (1,10MW), Hippo Valley Estates (33MW), Triangle Estates (45MW) and Pungwe Power Station (19MW).
He explained that most of the projects were located in Manicaland since mountainous terrains are ideal for mini-hydro power stations.
Eng Mazambani said the Lake Mutirikwi project was progressing at a snail’s pace owing to a number of teething challenges including the tariff issue. Some investors say the average tariff of USc9,86 per kilo Watt hour (kWh) tariff does not make power projects viable.
However, Eng Mazambani said they have since resolved the tariff issue with the Lake Mutirikwi investor.
Said Eng Mazambani: “Most of these projects are taking longer to be implemented because the civil works are capital intensive. In some cases, there are issues to do with accessing foreign currency due to restrictive measures that our country is subjected to.
“In addition, we also had challenges on tariff rates with an investor who wants to construct a 5MW plant at Lake Mutirikwi. However, we have managed to resolve some the issues and everything is back on track.”
Zera says IPPs contribute 137,08 Gigawatt hours to the national grid.
Turning to solar power initiatives, Eng Mazambani said Zonful Power Energy has improved access to renewable energy to rural communities, a move expected to also address the country’s power deficit.
Zimbabwe’s demand for power stands at about 1 600MW but the country was producing 995MW as at yesterday.
Kariba was generating 527MW, Hwange (450MW), Bulawayo (18MW) while Harare and Munyati were not generating.
Government plans to thrash a deal with Mozambique that will see Harare getting more power from Maputo.
Previously, Mozambique’s power utility, Hidroeléctrica de Cahora Bassa (HCB), supplied 50MW to Zimbabwe while about 300MW came from South Africa’s Eskom.
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Laravel Web Development is dominating the web industry immensely. This web technology has made its way in the agile market by delivering scalable and robust web applications to businesses worldwide. Today Laravel is the most preferred choice among developers as it provides great benefits to enterprises. If you’re planning to launch your mobile app, then Laravel App Development is the right choice to boost your business’s ROI.
With Laravel web technology, you can build rich in feature websites, which will not only streamline your work process, but it will enhance the overall productivity of your business. This web technology is PHP-based, which is another reason for its increasing popularity as PHP is the most-used web technology across companies in the present scenario. You would find millions of websites and mobile apps on the web, which are developed on the PHP framework.
Here in this blog, we’ll be sharing seven reasons why Laravel is the best choice for web and mobile app development:
As we know that nothing is secure in the online business world, but with Laravel web applications, everything relies on your web developer. If your web developers compose the code and structure appropriately, then the probability of risk reduces. However, the Laravel structure offers an amazing level of security efforts that aren’t available in some other system. It offers CSRF tokens that deal with security. These tokens can check each demand on the POST and guard against people who may change POST to GET the demand.
In the high-tech market, everyday new technology is introduced, and Laravel is growing exponentially. That’s the reason finding the right Laravel developer can be daunting as the framework is advancing, and you need someone who is updated with every new release. This platform is quite dynamic in its capacities, which makes it responsive and the primary reason to hit the list of Google trends.
The most significant reason why Laravel is considered as the best PHP structure is its support to MVC architecture. Many platforms overlook this component, but Laravel has stored MCV design in its heart. This is why Laravel can help in enhancing the general execution, better documentation, and offer various functionalities. Thus, Laravel based websites are quite simple and appealing at the same time.
This is one of the best features of Laravel. The blade templating motor is a specific engine that is outstanding and works smoothly with any average PHP/HTML. Laravel boasts very lightweight formats, which enable you to create straightforward designs that are alluring and rich in features.
Laravel has a feature that is known as Lara casts, which not only offers free tutorials but paid as well that help developers to overcome the most complex situation in coding instantly. The content available on this platform is created by industry experts and specialists, so you would find it very clear and organized, enabling you to understand things easily.
As Laravel web development is becoming popular at a faster pace, the significance of comparable features is equally growing. To stay abreast of this developing demand, numerous instant applications are made accessible in the market that can be utilized to add a scope of features to the Laravel site. These well-designed and readymade applications cut down the development cost, enabling you to save time and money.
Artisan console is a built-in tool in Laravel that welcomes programmers to enhance their work efficiency by making their work management very easy. It assists developers in accomplishing their long projects in a problem-free environment by offering an organized method for coding. This helps in uplifting the productivity of the team efficiently and empowers them to complete the work within the agreed timeframe.
Laravel development is the best choice for developing reliable, quick, and rich in features web or mobile applications. More so, engaging a growing platform for your website can provide you long-term benefits. Laravel aims to boost enterprise proficiency by delivering quality and robust websites that have the ability to drive more traffic.
Meshur Ahir is a young enthusiast who Loves Internet Marketing and is always eager to share useful and authentic content to help others. He believes in Learning, Sharing and keep growing together. A Computer Science Engineer by Chance and Working as a Digital Marketing Consultant in Pixlogix Infotech Pvt. Ltd. by Choice.
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- Smaller vehicles have dominated the first generation of electrified cars.
- But a wave of upcoming electric SUVs could help bring battery-powered cars further into the mainstream.
- In the coming years, both established auto companies and startups plan to release a range of electric SUVs to compete with Tesla's Model X.
If electric cars are the auto industry's future, SUVs represent its present. SUVs continue to take an increasingly large share of the global auto market, worrying those who support a movement toward higher fuel efficiency and lower greenhouse gas emissions.
But the popularity of SUVs has presented an opportunity to ease the transition from gas-powered to electric vehicles. While smaller vehicles have dominated the first generation of electrified cars, an upcoming wave of electric SUVs could help bring battery-powered cars further into the mainstream.
In the coming years, both established auto companies and startups plan to release a range of electric SUVs to compete with Tesla's Model X.
Here's what they have planned:
1. Jaguar I-Pace
Jaguar will release its first fully-electric vehicle, the I-Pace, in the US during the second half of this year.
Jaguar says the I-Pace has the kind of performance specs you'd expect from a luxury brand.
Designed as a competitor to Tesla's Model X, the I-Pace will have 394 horsepower, 512 pound-feet of torque, up to 240 miles of range and the ability to accelerate from 0-60 mph in 4.5 seconds, according to Jaguar.
2. Audi e-tron
Audi says it will start delivering the e-tron in the US in the second quarter of 2019.
The e-tron will have just under 250 miles of range, Audi says.
Audi has said the e-tron will have a range of around 248 miles per charge, a top speed of 124 mph, a 0-60 mph time of 5.5 seconds, and a 95 kWh battery that will be able to get an 80% charge in around 30 minutes when using certain DC fast-chargers.
3. Volkswagen I.D. Crozz
Volkswagen will release its I.D. crossover SUV in 2020.
Volkswagen says the vehicle will have a range of up to 300 miles.
The ID Crozz will have two motors, 302 horsepower, and the ability to drive up to 300 miles per charge, Volkswagen has said.
4. Mercedez-Benz EQC
Mercedes-Benz will bring the EQC SUV to the US in 2020.
Mercedes-Benz says the EQC will be able to accelerate from 0-60 mph in under five seconds.
The EQC will be able to accelerate from 0-60 mph in 4.9 seconds and will have around 280 miles of range, 564 pound-feet of torque, and 402 horsepower, Mercedes-Benz has said.
5. BMW iX3
BMW revealed its iX3 electric SUV concept in April at the Beijing Auto Show and plans to start making a production version of the vehicle in 2020.
BMW says the iX3 will have over 249 miles of range.
BMW says the iX3 will have a range of over 249 miles per charge and a motor that can produce over 270 horsepower.
6. Faraday Future FF 91
While Faraday Future has struggled to raise money, the company has said its FF 91 could ship by the end of this year.
The company has said the vehicle will be incredibly powerful.
Faraday Future says the FF91 will have 3 motors, 1050 horsepower, and a 0-60 mph time of 2.39 seconds.
7. Byton M-Byte
Chinese startup Byton unveiled a concept for its electric M-Byte SUV in January. Byton co-founder Daniel Kircherttold Business Insider the M-Byte will arrive in 2019.
The M-Byte has a distinctive interior.
In place of a traditional dashboard, the M-Byte concept — which Kirchert said represents around 80% of the production version — has a 49-inch touchscreen, as well as touchscreens on the steering wheel and the backs of the front seats. The M-Byte also has individually-adjustable seats, gesture control features, and onboard Wi-Fi.
8. Hyundai Kona Electric
Hyundai will bring its Kona Electric crossover SUV to the US in the fourth quarter of this year.
The Kona Electric has impressive range.
The Kona will have 258 miles of range, according to theEnvironmental Protection Agency. It will also have driver-assistance features that can help avoid accidents and keep the car in its lane.
9. Kia Niro EV
Kia has said it will bring its Niro EV crossover to the US at the end of this year. Pictured above is a concept version of the vehicle.
Kia has said the Niro EV will have a 240-mile range.
According to Kia, the Niro EV will have a 240-mile range, 201 horsepower, and 291 pound-feet of torque.
10. SF Motors SF5
Startup SF Motors unveiled its plans to make electric SUVs at the New York International Auto Show in March.
The SF5 may have up to 1,000 horsepower.
The company will start with the SF5, which SF Motors plans to start producing in 2019. SF Motors says customers will have the opportunity to equip the car with up to four motors and 1,000 horsepower.
11. Volvo XC40
Volvo design chief Thomas Ingenlath told Autocar in June that Volvo will release an electric version of its XC40 SUV "very soon" after the Polestar 2. The gas-powered version of the XC40 is pictured above.
Volvo will make a plug-in hybrid version of the XC40.
Volvo hasn't yet revealed the hybrid's specs. In April, the company said it is aiming for fully-electric cars to account for 50% of its sales by 2025.
12. Subaru's all-electric crossover
In August 2016, a Subaru spokesperson told Automotive News that if the company ends up building an electric car, it would probably build it on its Global Platform, like the 2017 Subaru Impreza, pictured above.
The company's first plug-in hybrid will arrive near the end of this year.
Subaru said in May that the Crosstrek Hybrid, the company's first plug-in hybrid vehicle, will arrive near the end of this year.
13. Ford's electric crossover
Ford has said it will release an all-electric crossover inspired by the Mustang in 2020.
The crossover doesn't have a name yet, but the company claims it will have an impressive range.
Ford has said the vehicle will have a 300-mile range and an entry-level price under $40,000.
BONUS: Tesla Model Y
While Tesla hasn't announced a definite release date for its upcoming Model Y SUV, CEO Elon Musk has said production will begin in 2020.
Musk said the Model Y will be a "manufacturing revolution."
During Tesla's first-quarter earnings call in May, Musk said the Model Y will transform Tesla's manufacturing process.
"I think Model Y is going to be a manufacturing revolution," he said.
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By Stan Ashbee
Alberta Newspaper Group
A couple living in Bow Island are the life behind a water well drilling project in Haiti. When Les and Ruth Babcock left Haiti, they continued the work, but eventually Lifewater Canada took over the volunteer-based collaboration. The Babcocks continue to volunteer and there are quite a few from the Bow Island area, Medicine Hat and Vauxhall that donate money, time and travel.
Lifewater Canada, according to the Top 10 Impact Charities, provided safe drinking water to approximately 25,000 people in Liberia and drilled 22 more wells than the year before, when it was ranked . The charity completed 32 wells in Haiti to provide safe drinking water. In Kenya, the charity repaired 15 wells, completed 15 wells and water catchment systems and installed two washrooms. Lifewater Canada reports its rate of drilling a successful well is over 80 per cent.
Founded in 1997, Lifewater Canada is a volunteer-based charity that works to provide affordable water and sanitation projects in Haiti and Sub-Saharan Africa. The charity reports unsafe water is the leading cause of disease and death. Over two billion people globally drink from water that is contaminated with feces. Consequently, over 800,000 people die yearly from diarrhea caused by unsafe water, sanitation and hand hygiene.
Les Babcock’s current role is as a volunteer Haiti co-ordinator for the program. “I actually started the drilling program back in 1983.”
“We were living in Haiti at the time and my wife was a nurse and about 50 per cent of the people she saw on a daily basis at their clinic were problems caused by water. That was kind of the origin of getting it started and it became a much bigger job than you always think and getting the equipment and getting things to happen,” Babcock explained.
When Babcock came back to Canada in 1985 he went through the water well drilling program at Red Deer College. “To be able to train the guys better down there. So we went back. Mainly what we do now is just keep the guys in equipment and parts and training.”
“We have about 12 people that work for us full-time down there. Local people we have trained and support through donations. The main support actually comes from people who sponsor a well,” Babcock noted.
People, Babcock added, work for the organization as contractors, as funds can’t simply be sent to Haiti or elsewhere due to tax reasons.
Currently, Babcock said, Haiti workers drill a well and then send a well report and then the organization sends workers the funds for the well.
Right now, the County of Forty Mile and the M.D. of Taber support the initiative and other areas from across Canada, also support the organization’s goals and aspirations.
One of the things Babcock likes about Lifewater Canada is it’s a very accountable organization. “Very low in overhead. That’s what drew me to it. They called me and asked me if we could work together,” said Babcock. Lifewater Canada does all the receiving for donations and accounting, Babcock added.
Babcock said the organization has noticed people are a lot more healthier when they have water and a lot more appreciative of outside help. “Achieving something they couldn’t achieve on their own is not an area that can hand dig wells, so putting in a well that is done correctly and sealed and it doesn’t become contaminated that way and they are really appreciative of the work we do,” Babcock said.
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According to Chris Cillizza, CNN Editor-at-large, not only is there “no difference” between President Donald Trump’s Twitter feed and official policy statements and executive orders, but Trump’s tweets are actually more important than official White House statements. No, this is not satire. An editor at CNN actually made this argument earlier today.
I’ve written before about CNN’s obsession over President Trump’s Twitter feed, but this takes it to a whole new level. I thought the cable TV network was just being lazy by constantly making news out of the president’s social media posts. Now I’m starting to believe they’ve actually lost their minds at the CNN Center in Atlanta. To quote the article:
On “New Day” Trump adviser Sebastian Gorka echoed that sentiment, insisting to host Chris Cuomo that “it’s social media, Chris, it’s social media. You know the difference, right?,” adding: “It’s not policy, it’s not an executive order. It’s social media. Please understand the difference.”
Here’s the thing: There is no difference. And, in fact, Trump’s tweets are actually more important than the more formal statements coming out of his White House because they represent something much closer to what he believes on nearly every issue.
Except there is a difference. One has the force of law, or at least creates policies and rules for federal employees to follow, the other does not.
TIME actually called out President Trump today for signing documents that had no official weight. In a press conference at the Oval Office, the president signed a “a decision memo and letter transmitting legislative principles to Congress” regarding privatization of the Air Traffic Control system. Like a tweet, neither document actually does anything.
But to illustrate their point, CNN actually references a Twitter account that creates counterfeit White House press statements using Trump’s Twitter feed. Thousands of people have already re-Tweeted those documents, and from browsing the comments, it looks like a fair number think they are officially coming from the White House.
If I were president, I wouldn’t use Twitter or any social media. I think it’s a terrible way to communicate with the public, especially for an elected official. But the U.S. president is not a king whose word automatically becomes law. Let’s get real. Tweets and social media posts are not meant to be official proclamations, and should not be taken as such by a legitimate news organization.
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Ice is a solid substance, which is produced by the freezing of liquid water or water vapor. At temperatures down to 0°C, water vapor develops as frost at ground level and snowflakes (each consists of a single ice crystal) in the clouds. Below similar temperatures, liquid water produces a solid (solid ice), as, for example, sea ice, river ice, hail, and ice formed commercially or in the household refrigerators.
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Ice occurs on the continents of Earth and the surface waters in various forms. Most notable are given as the continental glaciers (which are the ice sheets) that cover much of Greenland and Antarctica. Fewer masses of perennial ice, known as ice caps, occupy parts of Arctic Canada, including other high-latitude regions, whereas the mountain glaciers occur in more restricted areas, such as the flatlands below and mountain valleys. For more information on ice and its various forms, we can get it from many articles about ice.
The other occurrences of ice on the land are various types of ground ice, which are associated with permafrost, i.e., the permanently frozen soil common to most cold regions. In the polar regions of the oceanic waters, icebergs take palace when large masses of ice break off from ice shelves or glaciers and drift away. The seawater freezing in these regions results in the sheet formation of sea ice called pack ice.
During the winter season, similar ice bodies produce on rivers and lakes in several global locations. Ice in rivers and lakes, icebergs, glaciers, pack ice, and permafrost are treated separately. We can also know the detailed information on the widespread occurrences of glacial ice during the Earth's past from various sources.
Structure of Ice
Ice or solid water is described as the solid-state of water (solid ice), which is a normally liquid substance that freezes to a solid-state (or solid state of water) at a temperature of 0 °C or below and expands to the gaseous state at a temperature of 100 °C or higher. Water is defined as a remarkable substance that is anomalous in virtually all of its physical and chemical properties and is literally the most complex of all the known single-chemical compounds.
The three-dimensional configuration of a water molecule can be visualised as a tetrahedron, with an oxygen nucleus in the centre and four legs with the possibility of a high electron. The two legs where the hydrogen nuclei are present are known as bonding orbitals.
Structure in Various Stages
In the liquid state, most of the water molecules are associated with a polymeric structure, which means molecule chains are connected by weak hydrogen bonds. Under the thermal agitation influence, there is a constant reforming and breaking of these bonds.
In the gaseous state, whether water vapor or steam, water molecules are largely independent of each other, and, apart from the collisions, their interactions are slight. Then, Gaseous water is largely monomeric, which it means, consisting of single molecules, although they rarely occur as dimers (union of two molecules), and even some trimmers (a combination of three molecules).
At the other extreme, in the solid-state, water molecules will interact with each other strongly enough to produce an ordered crystalline structure, with every oxygen atom collecting the four nearest of its neighbors and arranging them in a rigid lattice about itself.
The Ice Crystal
At standard atmospheric temperatures near 0 °C and pressure, commonly, the ice crystal takes the form of planes or sheets of oxygen atoms joined in an open hexagonal ring series. The axis, which is parallel to the hexagonal rings, is named the c-axis and coincides with the optical axis of the crystal structure.
Like other crystalline solids, ice subject to stress undergoes elastic deformation, returning to its original shape when it is ceased by stress. However, if a shear force or stress is applied to a sample of ice for a very long time, first, the sample will deform elastically and will then continue to plastically deform, with a permanent shape alteration.
Pure ice is very transparent, but air bubbles render it opaque somewhat. The absorption coefficient or the rate at which the incident radiation decreases with a depth of 0.1 cm-1 for snow and only 0.001 cm-1 or less than that for clear ice. Ice is doubly refracting, or weakly birefringent, which ensures the light is absorbed at different rates in different crystallographic directions.
The albedo, or reflectivity, of solar radiation, which varies from 0.5 to 0.9 for snow, 0.15 to 0.35 for firn, and 0.3 to 0.65 for glacier ice (a 0 albedo means no reflectivity). Ice and snow are nearly completely "black" (absorbent) at thermal infrared wavelengths, with an albedo of less than 0.01. It means that ice and snow can either radiate or absorb long-wavelength radiation with high efficiency.
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Many of South Africa’s assets have outdated or missing records. Whether privately-owned or part of State infrastructure, missing records are unfortunately a common problem. Without accessible data, professional teams are hamstrung at the outset of projects, having to make assumptions on the layout, composition and condition of facilities.
Surveying buildings is a time-consuming activity, often not budgeted for in the early stages of a project’s start-up. All too often the professional teams rely on educated guesswork and one or two site visits with photographs to formulate their initial project proposals.
“When we execute engineering projects, we rely on comprehensive base data. Projects that involve existing structures and facilities require accurate records of existing conditions. Without proper data, our designs cannot be founded on fact,” stresses Zutari Digital Practice Lead Richard Matchett.
Zutari has met the challenge head on by investing significant time and resources to investigate various technological approaches to capture the reality at its sites in digitised form, using virtual environments to assess and understand those spaces in a scientific, integrated manner.
This has resulted in its recent acquisition of the Leica BLK2GO handheld imaging laser scanner, believed to be one of only two available in South Africa at present. The scanner is an example of an innovative technology known as Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM).
SLAM is based on an algorithm that combines laser technology with photogrammetry and data from movement sensors. The handheld laser device contains the scanner, cameras and movement sensors in a single package. When the scanner is carried through an environment, it records 450 000 measurements per second in all directions to incrementally accumulate a 3D picture.
In contrast, Zutari has been using drones for over two years to capture site conditions, adds Reality Capture Leader Louis De Klerk (Jnr). The point clouds and ortho-imagery derived in this manner are used in its design and spatial analysis packages to provide context for the design teams, reducing reliance on repeated site visits by bringing the outside world into the office space.
However, while Zutari’s mature 3D laser-scanning offering has proven invaluable in mapping indoor spaces to sub-millimetre tolerances, giving its designers and professional partners confidence that the designs are relevant to the actual physical spaces on-site, there have been notable gaps.
These include spaces where layouts are needed quickly, or complex layouts where the interaction between adjacent and interconnected spaces has to be understood in a timeframe too brief to undertake conventional 3D scanning.
Another issue is speeding up the process of familiarising designers with a remote site, in addition to rapidly capturing the maximum quantity of data, both geometrically and visually, in an integrated manner so that it can be accessed effectively by engineering design applications.
“We tested a variety of these scanners, and were most impressed by the functionality of the SLAM system to enable rapid collection of data, which we used to extract floorplans, volumetric spaces and locate plant and equipment in buildings, all as part of our hands-on testing of the available options,” explains Matchett.
The main requirements were to be able to spend the shortest time on-site to capture a comprehensive overview to enable anyone else to visit the site virtually within a day or two. The system also had to provide a robust processing interface to combine multiple scans of large facilities. After extensive testing, the Leica BLK2GO scanner was acquired.
The Leica BLK2GO’s so-called ‘GrandSLAM’ technology combines LiDAR SLAM, Visual SLAM and an IMU to deliver best-in-class handheld mobile mapping performance for large indoor, outdoor, underground, complex and multi-level spaces. The scanner identifies different surfaces and unique geometry in LiDAR data, which it analyses to calculate a 3D position.
Three panoramic cameras identify similarities between consecutive images to calculate the scanner’s movement through 3D space. While walking with the scanner, the IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) senses the movement to calculate the change of position in 3D space.
“We believe that it is the right tool for the job. This is testimony to our confidence not only in the use of this technology, but to our dedication to harnessing innovation to augment our engineering skills in the digital world,” concludes Matchett.
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The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement will support jobs and economic growth in South Western Ontario
November 2, 2018 – London, Ontario – Leader of the Government in the House of Commons
The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) is a modernized North American free trade agreement that is good for Canada and good for Canadians. It is the result of Canada’s resolve at the negotiation table and our focus on getting the job done.
To promote the benefits and opportunities of the USMCA, the Honourable Bardish Chagger, Leader of the Government in the House of Commons, delivered a speech at the Canadian Club of London where she stressed the importance of the USMCA in providing stability and predictability in trade with our largest market, and in supporting continued prosperity for Ontario.
The announcement of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, made by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, was an important step forward for North American trade, reinforcing strong economic ties between the three countries, reaffirming certainty in our longstanding trade relationship, and fostering good, well-paying jobs for Canadians.
Canada is the only G7 country to have trade agreements with all G7 countries. When implemented, the USMCA will help Canadians continue to compete globally and prosper in a healthy, integrated North American economy.
The Government of Canada will continue to engage with our North American partners to finalize the details of an agreement that benefits all Canadians.
“Our government believes in Ontarians and in Canadians. We believe in what this country has to offer, and its competitiveness on the world stage. That’s why we fought not just for any deal, but for a strong one – for London, for Ontario, and for Canada. That’s exactly what we got with the USMCA.”
The Honourable Bardish Chagger, P.C., M.P., Leader of the Government in the House of Commons
“The USMCA is good for Canada’s economy, and good for Canada’s middle class workers and families. It addresses modern-day trade issues and supports prosperity for Canadians by ensuring that our businesses, entrepreneurs, workers, ranchers, farmers and fishers continue to have preferential access to our largest market.”
The Honourable Chrystia Freeland, P.C., M.P., Minister of Foreign Affairs
The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) reinforces our important commercial relationship with our North American partners and provides important stability and predictability for Ontario businesses and workers.
For Ontario, USMCA means continued market access security for $179.2 billion in exports to the U.S. and stability for workers that rely on well-paying, export-dependent jobs, including in the auto sector as well as the auto parts, plastic, tire and processed-food industries.
The strengthened USMCA rules of origin for automobiles and auto parts will create opportunities for Canadian parts producers in Ontario to increase sales to North American automakers
This agreement is good news for the thousands of farmers in Ontario, who together export $11.8 billion to the U.S. market.
New market access opportunities will be available to Ontario exporters in the areas of refined sugar and sugar-containing products, as well as margarine.
For supply-managed sectors, the agreement provides for incremental market access for the U.S. into Canada, but importantly maintains the three pillars of the supply management system: production controls; price controls, and, import controls. To mitigate the impact of changes under USMCA, the Government is working with industry, including through the establishment of working groups, to mitigate the impact of any loss of market share.
The globally competitive regional market created under the original NAFTA in 1994 today accounts for nearly 486 million consumers and a combined GDP of more than US$22 trillion.
In 2017, trilateral trade reached nearly USD $1.1 trillion – a more than three-fold increase since 1993.
The United States and Mexico are, respectively, Canada’s first- and third-largest merchandise trading partners in the world.
Canada is respectively the second- and fifth-largest merchandise trading partner of the United States and Mexico, and the largest export market for the United States.
Canada and the United States share the world’s longest secure border, over which approximately 400,000 people, and goods and services worth $2.4 billion, cross daily.
Canada and the United States share one of the largest trading relationships in the world. Canada is the largest market for the United States–larger than China, Japan and the United Kingdom combined.
To reach this renewed trilateral trade understanding, the Prime Minister, Ministers, Parliamentarians, federal officials, Premiers, and industry representatives directly engaged political and business leaders in the United States to advocate on behalf of Canadians.
Since January 2016, “Team Canada” visited the United States more than 300 times, and made more than 500 individual contacts with American officials, including the President, the Vice-President, 16 United States Cabinet members, more than 310 members of Congress, and 60 governors and lieutenant governors.
To help guide negotiations, the Government of Canada consulted with Canadians from across the country and from all sectors and backgrounds about trade. Consultations included meetings with the provinces and territories, industry, unions, civil society, think tanks, academics, Indigenous peoples, women, youth, and the general public.
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November 30, 2007
By: Brian Dickerson
Nov. 30–In the 17th Century, Londoners traced the course of the Black Plague by reading bills of mortality posted in the city’s public thoroughfares.
In 2007, metro Detroiters are consulting the Internet to find out whether the 21st Century pestilence known as foreclosure has infected their neighborhoods, their streets or their cul-de-sacs.
For most of the last week, the top two destinations on the Free Press Web site have been a pair of searchable databases where readers can peruse the burgeoning roster of foreclosure actions in Wayne and Oakland counties.
Even if you are among the fortunate few who can walk your dog without coming face-to-face with the contagion, you probably certainly know someone (or some home) who has succumbed to it.
I’ve resided on three streets since moving here 19 years ago. A cursory search disclosed foreclosures on all of them. When I expanded my search to the surrounding neighborhoods, the number of affected homes tripled or quadrupled.
No homeowner is an island
I want to believe the plague metaphor is exaggerated. Delinquent house payments are not communicable, strictly speaking. Even if they were, my lifelong aversion to adjustable-rate loans and healthy fear of credit card debts would give me more immunity than most.
But a growing body of research suggests that even those who own their homes outright are vulnerable. Foreclosures depress property values, and, even if you’re not selling or refinancing, the resulting erosion of municipal tax collections takes its toll in closed parks, deteriorating streets and shrinking police and fire departments.
Vacant homes invite looters, squatters plying narcotics, and worse. A recent study by researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology and the Chicago-based Woodstock Institute concludes that violent crime rises 2.3% for every 1% increase in a neighborhood’s foreclosure rate.
So the epidemiological model is apt after all. Our symptoms might not manifest themselves in the same way as our neighbor’s, but anyone’s presumption of immunity is likely delusional.
A national phenomenon
The good news — if the adage that misery loves company is true — is that Michigan’s fiscal crisis looks less like the one-state anomaly the incumbent governor’s critics like to describe and more like the leading edge of a national debacle.
Michigan and its industrial neighbors are still disproportionately burdened with foreclosed properties, but delinquencies are growing even faster in other states.
Nationally, the phenomenon isn’t expected to peak until sometime next summer, a few months after the largest number of adjustable rate mortgages yet reset at higher interest rates.
Wherever they campaign, then, presidential and congressional candidates in both parties will have to address the plague and articulate their strategies for containing it.
Because — to paraphrase Bob Dylan — you don’t need a mortgage banker to know which way the wind blows.
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Mysteries of Immense High
Cavern Being Brought
JORDAN IS ENTH– USED
Remarkable Finds Indicate
Ancient People Migrated
The latest news of the progress of the explorations of what is now regarded by scientists as not only the oldest archaeological discovery in the United States, but one of the most valuable in the world, which was mentioned some time ago in the Gazette, was brought to the city yesterday by G.E. Kinkaid, the explorer who found the great underground citadel of the Grand Canyon during a trip from Green River, Wyoming, down the Colorado, in a wooden boat, to Yuma, several months ago.
According to the story related to the Gazette by Mr. Kinkaid, the archaeologists of the Smithsonian Institute , which is financing the expeditions, have made discoveries which almost conclusively prove that the race which inhabited this mysterious cavern, hewn in solid rock by human hands, was of oriental origin, possibly from Egypt, tracing back to Ramses. If their theories are borne out by the translation of the tablets engraved with hieroglyphics, the mystery of the prehistoric peoples of North America, their ancient arts, who they were and whence they came, will be solved. Egypt and the Nile, and Arizona and the Colorado will be linked by a historical chain running back to ages which staggers the wildest fancy of the fictionist.
A Thorough Examination
Under the direction of Prof. S. A. Jordan, the Smithsonian Institute is now prosecuting the most thorough explorations, which will be continued until the last link in the chain is forged. Nearly a mile underground, about 1480 feet below the surface, the long main passage has been delved into, to find another mammoth chamber from which radiates scores of passageways, like the spokes of a wheel.
Several hundred rooms have been discovered, reached by passageways running from the main passage, one of them having been explored for 854 feet and another 634 feet. The recent finds include articles which have never been known as native to this country, and doubtless they had their origin in the orient. War weapons, copper instruments, sharp-edged and hard as steel, indicate the high state of civilization reached by these strange people. So interested have the scientists become that preparations are being made to equip the camp for extensive studies, and the force will be increased to thirty or forty persons.
Mr. Kinkaid’s Report
Mr. Kinkaid was the first white child born in Idaho and has been an explorer and hunter all his life, thirty years having been in the service of the Smithsonian Institute. Even briefly recounted, his history sounds fabulous, almost grotesque.
“First, I would impress that the cavern is nearly inaccessible. The entrance is 1,486 feet down the sheer canyon wall. It is located on government land and no visitor will be allowed there under penalty of trespass. The scientists wish to work unmolested, without fear of archaeological discoveries being disturbed by curio or relic hunters.
A trip there would be fruitless, and the visitor would be sent on his way. The story of how I found the cavern has been related, but in a paragraph: I was journeying down the Colorado river in a boat, alone, looking for mineral. Some forty-two miles up the river from the El Tovar Crystal canyon, I saw on the east wall, stains in the sedimentary formation about 2,000 feet above the river bed. There was no trail to this point, but I finally reached it with great difficulty.
Above a shelf which hid it from view from the river, was the mouth of the cave. There are steps leading from this entrance some thirty yards to what was, at the time the cavern was inhabited, the level of the river. When I saw the chisel marks on the wall inside the entrance, I became interested, securing my gun and went in. During that trip I went back several hundred feet along the main passage till I came to the crypt in which I discovered the mummies. One of these I stood up and photographed by flashlight. I gathered a number of relics, which I carried down the Colorado to Yuma, from whence I shipped them to Washington with details of the discovery. Following this, the explorations were undertaken.
“The main passageway is about 12 feet wide, narrowing to nine feet toward the farther end. About 57 feet from the entrance, the first side-passages branch off to the right and left, along which, on both sides, are a number of rooms about the size of ordinary living rooms of today, though some are 30 by 40 feet square. These are entered by oval-shaped doors and are ventilated by round air spaces through the walls into the passages. The walls are about three feet six inches in thickness.
The passages are chiseled or hewn as straight as could be laid out by an engineer. The ceilings of many of the rooms converge to a center. The side-passages near the entrance run at a sharp angle from the main hall, but toward the rear they gradually reach a right angle in direction.
“Over a hundred feet from the entrance is the cross-hall, several hundred feet long, in which are found the idol, or image, of the people’s god, sitting cross-legged, with a lotus flower or lily in each hand. The cast of the face is oriental, and the carving this cavern. The idol almost resembles Buddha, though the scientists are not certain as to what religious worship it represents. Taking into consideration everything found thus far, it is possible that this worship most resembles the ancient people of Tibet.
Surrounding this idol are smaller images, some very beautiful in form; others crooked-necked and distorted shapes, symbolical, probably, of good and evil. There are two large cactus with protruding arms, one on each side of the dais on which the god squats. All this is carved out of hard rock resembling marble. In the opposite corner of this cross-hall were found tools of all descriptions, made of copper. These people undoubtedly knew the lost art of hardening this metal, which has been sought by chemicals for centuries without result. On a bench running around the workroom was some charcoal and other material probably used in the process. There is also slag and stuff similar to matte, showing that these ancients smelted ores, but so far no trace of where or how this was done has been discovered, nor the origin of the ore.
“Among the other finds are vases or urns and cups of copper and gold, made very artistic in design. The pottery work includes enameled ware and glazed vessels. Another passageway leads to granaries such as are found in the oriental temples. They contain seeds of various kinds. One very large storehouse has not yet been entered, as it is twelve feet high and can be reached only from above. Two copper hooks extend on the edge, which indicates that some sort of ladder was attached. These granaries are rounded, as the materials of which they are constructed, I think, is a very hard cement. A gray metal is also found in this cavern, which puzzles the scientists, for its identity has not been established. It resembles platinum. Strewn promiscuously over the floor everywhere are what people call “cats eyes’, a yellow stone of no great value. Each one is engraved with the head of the Malay type.
“On all the urns, or walls over doorways , and tablets of stone which were found by the image are the mysterious hieroglyphics, the key to which the Smithsonian Institute hopes yet to discover. The engraving on the tables probably has something to do with the religion of the people. Similar hieroglyphics have been found in southern Arizona. Among the pictorial writings, only two animals are found. One is of prehistoric type.
“The tomb or crypt in which the mummies were found is one of the largest of the chambers, the walls slanting back at an angle of about 35 degrees. On these are tiers of mummies, each one occupying a separate hewn shelf. At the head of each is a small bench, on which is found copper cups and pieces of broken swords. Some of the mummies are covered with clay, and all are wrapped in a bark fabric.
The urns or cups on the lower tiers are crude, while as the higher shelves are reached, the urns are finer in design, showing a later stage of civilization. It is worthy of note that all the mummies examined so far have proved to be male, no children or females being buried here. This leads to the belief that this exterior section was the warriors’ barracks.
“Among the discoveries no bones of animals have been found, no skins, no clothing, no bedding. Many of the rooms are bare but for water vessels. One room, about 40 by 700 feet, was probably the main dining hall, for cooking utensils are found here. What these people lived on is a problem, though it is presumed that they came south in the winter and farmed in the valleys, going back north in the summer.
Upwards of 50,000 people could have lived in the caverns comfortably. One theory is that the present Indian tribes found in Arizona are descendants of the serfs or slaves of the people which inhabited the cave. Undoubtedly a good many thousands of years before the Christian era, a people lived here which reached a high stage of civilization. The chronology of human history is full of gaps. Professor Jordan is much enthused over the discoveries and believes that the find will prove of incalculable value in archaeological work.
“One thing I have not spoken of, may be of interest. There is one chamber of the passageway to which is not ventilated, and when we approached it a deadly, snaky smell struck us. Our light would not penetrate the gloom, and until stronger ones are available we will not know what the chamber contains. Some say snakes, but other boo-hoo this idea and think it may contain a deadly gas or chemicals used by the ancients. No sounds are heard, but it smells snaky just the same. The whole underground installation gives one of shaky nerves the creeps. The gloom is like a weight on one’s shoulders, and our flashlights and candles only make the darkness blacker. Imagination can revel in conjectures and ungodly daydreams back through the ages that have elapsed till the mind reels dizzily in space.”
An Indian Legend
In connection with this story, it is notable that among the Hopi Indians the tradition is told that their ancestors once lived in an underworld in the Grand Canyon till dissension arose between the good and the bad, the people of one heart and the people of two hearts. Machetto, who was their chief, counseled them to leave the underworld, but there was no way out. The chief then caused a tree to grow up and pierce the roof of the underworld, and then the people of one heart climbed out. They tarried by Paisisvai (Red River), which is the Colorado, and grew grain and corn.
They sent out a message to the Temple of the Sun, asking the blessing of peace, good will and rain for people of one heart. That messenger never returned, but today at the Hopi villages at sundown can be seen the old men of the tribe out on the housetops gazing toward the sun, looking for the messenger. When he returns, their lands and ancient dwelling place will be restored to them. That is the tradition.
Among the engravings of animals in the cave is seen the image of a heart over the spot where it is located. The legend was learned by W.E. Rollins, the artist, during a year spent with the Hopi Indians.
There are two theories of the origin of the Egyptians. One is that they came from Asia; another that the racial cradle was in the upper Nile region. Heeren, an Egyptologist, believed in the Indian origin of the Egyptians. The discoveries in the Grand Canyon may throw further light on human
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RHex robotic makes use of leaping capacity to do 'Parkour' (video)
It is easy for a robotic to carry out in a sterile lab setting, however solely a choose few units — like Boston Dynamics infamous AlphaDog — have confirmed themselves within the wild. Nevertheless, the College of Pennsylvania’s X-RHex Lite has additionally made that leap, because it have been, and a brand new video exhibits simply how gifted it is develop into. In it, the droid places all of its operating, leaping and grabbing skills collectively to carry out flips, chin-ups and even Parkour-like strikes over campus obstacles. The researchers hope it’s going to carry out rescue missions or analysis in robust environments in the future, however till then, gaze in awe on the video after the break.
SOURCE: College of Pennsylvania
Tags: parkour rhex robotics robots universityofpennsylvania upenn video x-rhex x-rhexlite
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A mobile application with an introduction written by the spiritual leader of the Muslim Brotherhood has been banned by Google.
Known as Euro Fatwa App and initiated by the European Council for Fatwa and Research based in Dublin, it has been removed from the search giant’s online store.
In the app’s introduction, Yusuf Al Qaradawi, 93, who has been man banned from France and Britain for his extremist views, makes derogatory references to Jews while speaking about historic fatwas.
In the Gulf crisis that began in June 2017, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain and Egypt called him a terrorist for his support of the Muslim Brotherhood, of which he is one of the most public figures, and for violence across the Middle East.
The four began their boycott of Qatar because of its support for terrorism and harbouring supporters of extremism, such as Al Qaradawi.
The Egyptian-born imam has defended violence against US troops in Iraq and regularly delivered vehement lectures against the West on Qatari television.
“I think that Islam will conquer Europe without resorting to the sword or fighting," Al Qaradawi said on Qatari TV in 2007.
"Europe is miserable with materialism, with the philosophy of promiscuity and with the immoral considerations that rule the world – considerations of self-interest and self-indulgence.
“It’s high time it woke up and found a way out from this, and it won’t find a lifesaver or a lifeboat other than Islam.”
Al Qaradawi had a weekly show on Al Jazeera called Sharia and Life, where he would espouse his views as a Sunni scholar and spiritual leader in the Brotherhood.
Qatar’s political elite calls him one of their own and says he is a Qatari citizen who holds Qatari nationality.
He is very close to the Qatari Emir, Sheikh Tamim.
The US has sanctioned the charity that he chaired, the Union of Good, as a foreign terrorist organisation.
France and Britain prevented his entry in 2012 because he advocated for suicide bomb attacks against Israelis. He also suggested that the Holocaust was "divine punishment" against Jews and called for Israel's destruction.
UAE Minister and ambassador to the US, Yousef Al Otaiba, has condemned him for promoting suicide bombings and the killings of American soldiers.
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- Evergreen tree
- 10'-15' height
- 8'-10' wide
- Full sun to partial shade
- Minimal water
- White bell shaped flowers in the spring
- Gorgeous red bark that peals
Wednesday, September 25, 2019
ARCTOSTAPHYLOS 'BYRD HILL' - 13 WEKKS OF CA NATIVES
Today's California native plant is a tree with the most beautiful bark you have ever seen. Arctostaphylos 'Byrd Hill' - Byrd Hill Manzanita. This plant is a great tree for any size of garden as the it does not have an invasive root system. Below are some facts about this plant.
To see other plants in this series then click here.
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Spring has sprung, and my thoughts turn to my love for the idea of a national digital public library (NDPL) for the 21st century and beyond. Recently many people have been writing and speaking about a national digital public library for the U.S., especially Robert Darnton from Harvard, who is spearheading the Digital Public Library of America initiative (DPLA).
Earlier this week the New York Times ran an opinion piece by Professor Darnton, where he calls for renewed efforts to create a national digital public library, especially in light of Google’s recent legal setback. I agree with most of the opinions Darnton expresses, such as his call for a noncommercial effort that is passionate about serving the public good. His vision for the DPLA, however, seems to be lacking some key components of a true national digital public library for the U.S.
If a NDPL wants to be a rich, complex, warm, and welcoming counterpane for all Americans, I think it needs the following essential components:
- CONTENT: While a coalition of research libraries, working with the Internet Archive and other organizations – perhaps even Google – certainly could supply millions of books for a NDPL, that content alone would not be sufficient to meet the information needs of all Americans. A true NDPL will need all types of content, including content created by all Americans. I’m thinking about human utterances of all types – music, videos, written works, and more.
- METADATA: Again, librarians and other metadata experts will contribute mightily to this need for meaningful, useful metadata for a true NDPL, but let’s neither forget nor fail to encourage user-created metadata, including not only lowly types of metadata such as five-star ratings and tags, but also richer metadata, such as reviews, rebuttals, connections, and content clusters.
- SERVICES: Content may or may not be king, but it would be a threadbare NDPL that failed to offer a rich array of services. Reference service and homework help immediately come to mind. A national reference service could level the playing field and complement reference services offered by local public libraries across the nation. A NDPL reference service should be accessible from just about any type of computing device, including mobile phones and tablet computers. My Info Quest, a great multi-state SMS-based reference service, could serve as a model for a NDPL reference service.
- PUBLIC PROGRAMS: The possibilities for public programming through a NDPL are almost limitless, covering the entire canvas of vocational and avocational interests. Book discussions, instructional sessions, lectures, performing arts, and more could make the NDPL a rich social and cultural experience. These public programs should be held live online and also recorded, so that anyone can place-shift and time-shift to meet their busy schedules.
- COMMUNITIES: Every library serves one or more communities. The NDPL will serve hundreds and thousands of communities, not only geographic communities but all of the communities of interest and affinity that spring forth from well-designed only information systems.
For me, these five threads constitute the essential warp and woof of any rich, warm, comfy NDPL counterpane. Based on what I read and hear about the DPLA initiative, it seems to be focused almost exclusively on content and metadata. That’s a good start, but a true DPLA must provide services, offer programs, and support communities in a myriad of ways.
Other things are important, of course, such as preservation. Personally, I think one of the redeeming qualities of the digital era is that finally we can separate the issues of preservation and access and work on them separately. I believe the NDPL would serve the public good better by focusing on access, rather than on preservation. Other initiatives can and are working on the formidable preservation issues.
Accessibility is another component of an embracing National Digital Public Library that needs our attention. Making a NDPL truly accessible by all Americans is a huge challenge, including many technological divides, making all Americans aware of how the NDPL can improve their lives, and ensuring that Americans who are blind, experience low vision, are deaf, or experience hearing loss can have meaningful access to the content, services, and programs offered.
There are a host of other “backroom” components of a NDPL, such as funding, governance, and management. The DPLA initiative that Professor Darnton champions is examining and discussing these foundational needs, and my colleague David Rothman has done an excellent job over the years in articulating and clarifying the importance of these infrastructural decisions that must be made carefully. A short list of Rothman’s writings on these topics can be found here.
The DPLA initiative articulated by Professor Darnton is a fine project, but it does not meet the five essential components for a true national digital public library for the 21st century and beyond. It seems to have given short shrift to true user participation in a NDPL, through user-created content, metadata, programs, and communities. Only if a NDPL is designed to encourage deep, meaningful user participation, so that the entire nation feels like we are building a NDPL, rather than having it built and presented to the American people as a gift, will it truly be accepted, used, and embraced. Such a true NDPL will accelerate the rustication of expertise, thus realizing a true, broad-based Republic of Letters.
- A national digital reference service for the U.S.
- National Digital Public Library conference: A little progress toward a two-system approach—to help both public and academic libraries?
- Benefits of a national reference service for all Americans
- Ebook and national digital public library panel at ALA Midwinter
- Who needs ‘social worker’ librarians? Just ‘type into the search box’? Something for the DPLA to consider June 13 in the P controversy?
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About 200 people rallied Sunday night in Huntington against the Supreme Court decision to overturn the Roe v. Wade abortion ruling.
Local Jewish and Protestant leaders addressed the crowd to emphasize that some faiths have a different view of when life begins than some courts have ruled. Others reminded people that the Roe v. Wade decision nearly 50 years found that abortion was a constitutional right, and said that women would not return to limits previously imposed on them. several pledged to continue to protect women in need of abortion services and to restore legal access.
Several drivers passing by the protest at Heckscher Park blew horns and shouted their support for the protest. One woman driving by apparently disagreed, shouting, “Christ is Lord!” while another driver who shouted an obscenity got the same phrase thrown back at him by a protester.
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled Friday, 6-3, that the Constitution does not confer a right to abortion. Several states begin implementing laws that were in place to ban abortions, while others took steps to reinforce their own laws permitting abortions. The decision set off demonstrations around the country, both in support of and in opposition to the ruling.
Speaking Sunday were Rabbi Lina Zerbarini of Kehillath Shalom Synagogue in Cold Spring Harbor, the Rev. Mark Bigelow of the United Church of Christ of Huntington, the Rev. Roslyn Lee of Commack United Methodist Church, and Rabbi Jeffrey Clopper of Temple Beth El in Huntington.
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(Yes, You Read That Right)
There’s likely to be a half-dead plant sitting somewhere in your home.
It may be a little over- or underwatered. Exposed to too little sunlight or too much. Or, it could just be an ornery plant that has decided that it doesn’t like people – especially you. But that’s impossible, isn’t it? Plants aren’t sentient; there’s no way they have the ability to like or dislike someone. Right?
Well, as impossible as it seems, recent findings have shown that each member of the kingdom Plantae exhibits subtle behavior patterns. What’s even more amazing is that we now have the tools available to measure these behaviors.
And that’s exactly what we at 16Personalities did. We took plants from all around the world – monsteras, snake plants, palms, and more – and carefully analyzed where each fell on the personality spectrum.
The results were astounding. We found that certain plants directly correspond to a personality type. They are as follows:
Analyst Personality Types
Architect (INTJ) – Welwitschia. The welwitschia is the only surviving member of its family (the rest having died out with the dinosaurs) and is seemingly alive out of spite. Welwitschia is not only bizarre-looking, but it also survives perfectly fine with practically no water.
Though this plant thrives in isolation – some living up to 2,000 years – it is notoriously difficult to cultivate and care for. Honestly, it’d rather be left alone.
This plant will likely outlast us in the apocalypse.
Logician (INTP) – Quack grass. Quack grass is a weed, and to quote Ralph Waldo Emerson, “What is a weed? A plant whose virtues have not yet been discovered.”
Quack grass, native to Europe and western Asia, is now common on every continent because it keeps tricking those who try to destroy it. Even when you cut it, it still spreads by cloning itself with its shredded pieces. This makes the plant almost impossible to get rid of.
It actually laughs at you as it makes itself cozy in every climate and type of soil imaginable.
Commander (ENTJ) – Kudzu. Kudzu vines climb over large trees and shrubs, growing so quickly that they kill the other life-forms through pure domination. It’s been known to drown vehicles, small buildings, and even people if they stay still for too long. You don’t care for kudzu so much as try to stop it, and, if we’re being honest, that’s not going to happen.
Soon, we will all belong to the kudzu.
Debater (ENTP) – Venus flytrap. This carnivorous plant is well-known for tricking its prey using sweet nectar. But what’s less known is that the Venus flytrap is an absolute diva of a plant.
Experienced folks will understand that these colorful little beasts need a lot of attention and have a long list of requirements you need to meet. The snap of this plant’s trap can intimidate newcomers, but once you get to know it (and learn how to properly serve it), it’s mostly harmless.
Diplomat Personality Types
Advocate (INFJ) – Aloe vera. Despite its understated appearance, aloe vera is one of the superheroes of the plant world. This plant is widely known to relieve burns and maladies of all varieties. Lesser-known uses are heartburn relief, keeping produce fresh, lowering blood sugar, and helping with skin scars, and it is even being researched for potential uses to prevent certain cancers. And, even if it didn’t stand a chance of fixing any of these issues, it would keep trying.
Say aloe to your plant twin, Advocates.
Mediator (INFP) – Mimosa pudica, “the sensitive plant.” This small, brightly flowering plant closes its leaves if it’s shaken or touched but always reopens once it deems it safe. However, don’t let this shy plant fool you. Beneath its soft leaves is a sharp spine that can hurt its enemies (but only if really, really necessary).
These plants, despite their sensitivity, are very easy to grow. All they need is a sunny place on the windowsill to be happy. What they really care about, though, is making you happy.
Protagonist (ENFJ) – Olive tree. The olive tree exudes personality. It’s a gnarly sort of plant, often dancing in the wind. Although its branches are symbols of peace and goodwill, this plant is anything but a pushover.
One of the most impressive things about an olive tree is its stamina. You can cut it to the ground, leaving only a dead stump. Still, new branches emerge – and before you know it, the plant is again producing fruit. Can’t stop, won’t stop the olive tree.
Campaigner (ENFP) – Lucky bamboo. Traditionally, this plant brings good fortune, but beyond that, lucky bamboo is highly adaptable and can thrive in just about any environment. Not only that, but you can shape it into beautiful swirls, circles, hearts, and more – if you know the right techniques.
Be careful, though. If you manipulate it too much, it’s likely to backfire, as lucky bamboo will go its own way, growing in a direction that’s completely opposite from what you intended.
Sentinel Personality Types
Logistician (ISTJ) – Bonsai. Bonsai trees are old, but tiny, carrying an unparalleled amount of knowledge in their sturdy trunks. To continue living, they must maintain a meticulous environment and be cared for by very particular handlers.
Beyond the tree itself, the practice of cultivating a bonsai has been used throughout human history to teach patience, introspection, and discipline. And bonsai wouldn’t have it any other way.
Defender (ISFJ) – Peace lilies. Peace lilies are hardy and forgiving, and they work double time to make your environment pleasing by cleaning the air. Accustomed to thriving off of dappled sunlight from the forest floor, these plants don’t mind life outside of the spotlight.
Caretakers aren’t likely to see many issues with this plant – it just needs a little sunlight and some water every day, and it’s good to go. Bonus tip: if you say please and thank you to it, it might just do your laundry for you.
Executive (ESTJ) – Pando. The Pando colony, also known as the Pando aspen clone, also known as the Trembling Giant, is the world’s largest organism by mass. This organism, made of genetically identical clones of quaking aspen trees, is 80,000 years old and is thought to be among the oldest systems of trees in the world. Located in the state of Utah, Pando has a thing or two to teach the feebler plants of the world. After all, it has survived fires and droughts, outcompeted other groves for dominance, and been home to generations upon generations of wildlife and humans alike.
If Pando had a motto, it would probably be, “Suck it up, buttercup.” (No offense intended to buttercups.)
Consul (ESFJ) – Golden pothos. Golden pothos is a mainstay in any home. It’s beautiful, classic, and known for its ease of care, tolerance, and durability. Its heart-shaped leaves are more than something nice to look at – they also help purify the air around them. The golden pothos is also finely attuned to its surroundings and loves to vine (up or down) to see what else is going on in its space.
Golden pothos would love to be invited into your home. Plus, it has impeccable manners, so you can almost certainly count on it to bring a hostess gift.
Explorer Personality Types
Virtuoso (ISTP) – Tillandsia xerographica. An air plant, Tillandsia xerographica is a stunning plant that does well in any environment – in cups, on its own on a table, or hanging in the air. Alongside its adaptability, this plant is surprisingly hardy. It doesn’t need soil or much water to survive. All it needs is its own company, good open air, and an occasional misting every now and then.
So, it’s not just that this plant doesn’t need you – it doesn’t need anyone, thank you very much.
Adventurer (ISFP) – Miniature roses. Since miniature roses come in so many different forms, it can be difficult to identify one if you see it. However, the key thing that all its different varieties have in common is their small, delicate flowers.
These grow beautifully when left to their own devices and can even bloom for a bit while inside a home, but you’ll need to put them back outside for them to be free and healthy. Give them just a bit of fresh air and freedom, and they’ll reward you with their subtly beautiful blossoms.
Entrepreneur (ESTP) – Peacock plant. This plant is also known as the cathedral windows plant because of its boldness and size. Caring for this plant isn’t exactly foolproof – you need proper humidity levels, the right amount of soil moisture, and high thread-count sheets.
Fortunately, those who learn how to handle the peacock plant will easily have one of the most beautiful and charismatic home companions around.
Entertainer (ESFP) – Bird-of-paradise flower. Bright and exotic, birds-of-paradise demand to be looked at. These plants grow tall and wild, often dwarfing any other surrounding plants with their dramatic appearance. Birds-of-paradise can’t help stealing the show – they just do. Scientists say that birds-of-paradise developed their torn, bird-like leaves so that strong winds could pass through without harming them. Rather than fighting, these plants purposefully evolved to go with the flow.
Caring for this plant isn’t especially complicated: when in doubt, we recommend misting it with nice perfume, taking it out to a five-star restaurant, and letting it pick your outfit. (Seriously, its sense of style is probably better than yours.)
There you have it! It really is amazing how much personality your houseplant has.
However, we have a confession. We’re sorry to say that plants don’t really have personality types. But we talk to them, yell at them for wilting, praise them for growing as if they do. In our opinion, they might as well have personalities.
Happy April Fools’!
Take our 16Personalities “Gardening” Survey
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Sheung Yiu Folk Museum
Info from Hong Kong’s Great Outdoors
Old hamlet that’s a simple row of houses with a two-storey watchtower; now a folk museum. Lies along the Pak Tam Chung Nature Trail, which follows a tidal creek past fields, and a kiln where coral and shells were baked to form lime.
Walk from Pak Tam Chung, an important stop for bus 94 from Sai Kung and (on Sundays and public holidays) bus 96R from Diamond Hill MTR Station.
Sheung Yiu articles elsewhere on the Internet
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The types of engines you will find out about in this section embrace diesel, rotary, HEMI, stirling and quasiturbine, to call a couple of. Automobiles and bikes share some similarities. In a means, the Civic Sort R is our winner as a result of it excels not simply at Efficiency but also the Automotive ingredient of Efficiency Car of the Yr. All pictures entered to the singles category should have been shot in 2018. The UNOH Automotive Know-how program is the best within the country for many reasons. My conclusion is that DC brushless drives will seemingly proceed to dominate in the hybrid and coming plug-in hybrid markets, and that induction drives will probably maintain dominance for the high-efficiency pure electrics.
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If you want to get better at golf then there are various options available to you – the most obvious of which is to practice and perhaps to get lessons to help improve your technique and make it more perfect. However at the same time you can also supplement these activities with other methods to improve your golfing ability. For instance, as in any other sport, it is possible to improve yourself at golf by simply going to the gym – but you have to do this right if you want to see the best results. Here we will look at how you can go about doing this.
What NOT to Do
First of all, before you get started in the gym and get carried away, it’s very important to note that there is certainly such thing as too much of a good thing when it comes to building muscle for the gym. If you are planning on hitting the weights hard and training intensely while downing lots of protein shake, then all you are going to do is to make yourself slow and cumbersome. This will then mean that when you go to hit the ball you are sluggish and get in your own way. Here muscular power does not exactly correlate with distance on your pitch which has a lot more to do with technique – the ideal build for a golfer is lean and strong yes, but not gigantic and bulky.
With that in mind it’s a good idea to do some CV to keep yourself lean and to prevent yourself from getting too huge (either from muscle or fat). CV stands for ‘cardiovascular’ and this means any kind of exercise that leaves you out of breath and lasts for more than five minutes each time. In other words treadmill, rowing or bicycle. Doing this will also help you to improve your endurance so that you last longer when you go running without tiring out or without your technique beginning to get sloppy.
Key Muscle Groups
That said there is still merit to building your muscles for golf as long as you don’t go over the top and as long as you train the right ones. Here you are aiming to train precisely those muscles that are used in swinging a golf club which are the lats, the traps, the triceps, the shoulders and the core. By building these stronger you will be able to generate more power on your swing. Conversely you don’t particularly want to train the biceps and pecs – although it’s important to train them a little bit to avoid a muscular imbalance, training them too much will only cause them to pull against your joints in the opposite direction when you are swinging.
To train these muscles there are various exercises you can do such as shoulder presses, lateral raises and triceps extensions. If you are the member of a gym, then consider the cable crossover machine your friend. This is the machine with two pillars that have weights and cables attached where you can swap the handles and attachments as you see fit. One very basic movement you can do here is to set the pulley to the lowest position, attach the ‘club’ handle to the cable, and then practice actually swinging it as though you were playing golf. As this is the precise same movement you will find that you actually end up training the very same muscles that you need for that technique. One tip though: practice with it on a light setting as otherwise you can end up losing your technique and thus developing bad habits when you’re playing for real.
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Capitalist societies today exhibit ‘an arbitrary and inequitable distribution of wealth and incomes’ as bad as or worse than in the 1930s, when Keynes declared this one of ‘the outstanding faults of the economic society in which we live’. (The other – not unrelated – was the failure to achieve full employment.) Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the 21st Century is an intelligent, ambitious and above all informative treatment of the problem. This accounts for much of the unusual excitement surrounding a lengthy, often dry economic tract. But there’s something else to the ‘Piketty bubble’: he is one of the very few contemporary economists eager to revive the old-fashioned spirit of political economy. The story of modern economic thought can after all be told as the shift from political economy, as its practitioners thought of it, to the discipline now simply called economics. With the ‘marginal revolution’ of the 1870s (named for Jevons’s theory of ‘marginal utility’), economics acquired a true scientific basis or – in the other extreme of judgment – lent itself to constructing mathematical alibis for capitalism, whose real behaviour it studiously ignored. Either way, prestige and influence migrated from the area of Smith, Malthus and Ricardo’s work as well as Marx’s ‘critique of political economy’ – a space with open borders onto what are today anthropology, sociology, history and political science – to a smaller and better defined territory, with a stricter methodological charter if not always less imperious claims to the explanation of society. Like all stories, not to speak of economic models, this oversimplifies things, but it traces the shape of the change. Did the marginal revolution ever end? In recent decades the marginalist picture of the free market as the vehicle for maximising everyone’s utility – better known around the house as satisfaction or happiness – has become the vision retailed by politicians, and the notion of economic life as a matter of individuals harmonising their preferences, as opposed to classes wrestling for control of shopfloor and government, has filtered into common sense.
The biggest difference between the marginalists and the political economists concerned the question of economic value. Smith, Ricardo and Marx all held that labour, in Smith’s words, constituted ‘the real measure of the exchangeable value of all commodities’. Marx most fully developed the argument that the labour time embodied in commodities, including whatever means of production go into furnishing them, ultimately determines their value; and prices, when they don’t coincide with values, at least oscillate around them. For the marginalists, value was a function of marginal utility. In the famous example, diamonds cost more than water neither because they take more labour to procure (though they do) nor because they are more useful, but simply because where water abounds and diamonds are scarce the representative person anticipates more satisfaction in an ounce of diamonds than in another ounce of water, and pays accordingly. The same goes for capital of whatever physical or financial kind, and for the hours of workers with or without specific skills: the value of an additional or ‘marginal’ unit in the eyes of the purchaser sets the going price. Marginalist theories of value better explain price formation in the short run; labour theories are more persuasive about the long-run decline of particular prices (for a book, say, or a beer, compared to what they cost a generation ago) amid the general increase of society’s total income so far characteristic of capitalism. Or so I say, never having encountered a completely satisfactory treatment from either point of view.
The difficulty would be more embarrassing if it were only mine. In a lengthy, thorough and generally lucid book, Piketty gives a brief and confused account of the so-called Cambridge capital controversy of the 1960s, which revived the old quarrel over value. Neo-Ricardians in Cambridge, England, who’d given the labour theory associated with the political economists a newly rigorous form in which capital values consisted of ‘dated labour inputs’, were challenged by sophisticated marginalist or neoclassical counterparts in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The debate was a highly technical airing of differences with unsubtle implications for distributive justice: Piketty’s main concern. If marginalism is right and, so far as markets are free, owners of capital and sellers of labour are paid exactly in line with their (marginal) productivity, then the freest markets will yield the fairest distribution of incomes and the most productive combination of labour and capital. If, on the other hand, capital, a.k.a. the means of production, owes its value to past labour on a natural world that bears no title deed – nature being, as Marx wrote, ‘just as much the source of use values … as labour’ – then all income by rights belongs, one way or another, to labourers or producers. Divergent incomes for capital and labour meanwhile reflect not unequal contributions to production but prior disparities of ownership. (Keynes didn’t delve into value theory but did express his sympathy ‘with the preclassical doctrine that everything is produced by labour … This partly explains why we have been able to take the unit of labour as the sole physical unit which we require in our economic system, apart from units of money and of time.’)
For its harshest critics, marginalism is a tautology highly liable to theodicy: things cost what they do – and so they should! Opponents of the labour theory can find it equally absurd. Either it’s flatly wrong – ‘Nobody who has ever had a cake fail to rise could believe in the labour theory of value,’ a writer for National Review recently declared – or so unwieldy as to be useless: analysing the acquisition of skills and the accumulation of capital as so much heaped-up labour entails excavations of historical labour inputs going back approximately to when Adam learned he must earn his bread from the sweat of his brow. Piketty judges the neoclassicals in Massachusetts to have got the better of the two Cambridges debate but later casually jettisons ‘the illusion of marginal productivity’: ‘It becomes something close to a pure ideological construct on the basis of which a justification for higher status can be elaborated.’ Pay, he says, is largely determined by norms, an observation that leaves unresolved the question of what determines the value of the total social product before access to it is parcelled out in the form of incomes.
The substantive dispute over value also implied methodological differences. To argue that value derives from labour is ultimately to consider the successive labours that make up history; conflict and change emerge as the essence of economics as they are of history. To focus instead on the instantaneous balance of one person’s wish to sell with another’s wish to buy is to abstract a moment of harmony from the ongoing clangour and flux. The divergent approaches have outlasted the old names for them. Today followers of the marginalist tradition dominate economics departments, especially in the English-speaking world, while political economy, often descended from Marx’s critique of it, is chiefly the pursuit of social scientists. In general, economists favour mathematical modelling of axiomatised exchange relations over economic and other kinds of history; concentrate on individuals rather than classes or groups as economic agents; emphasise the preferences freely expressed in transactions rather than restrictive social circumstances; and describe self-sustaining equilibria of supply and demand when capitalist economies are striking for their growth and instability.
Piketty wants to recover the scope of political economy without forfeiting the quantitative rigour of contemporary economics. He has hitched his orthodox training to a Marxian research programme: to explain the course of capitalism since the French and Industrial Revolutions, no less, and to glimpse its future itinerary, with special reference to inequalities of income and wealth. By the age of 22, knowing ‘nothing about the world’s economic problems’, as he confesses, Piketty had produced a doctoral thesis consisting of ‘several relatively abstract mathematical theorems’, on the strength of which he was hired by MIT, where he taught for several years before returning to his native Paris. Over the past decade and a half, he and his colleagues have compiled a mass of information on the historical evolution of inequality from country to country. Piketty’s book bristles with graphs – more than eighty of them – and he laments that discussions of inequality are often a ‘debate without data’. But he also rebukes his fellow economists for their ‘childish passion for mathematics’ – ‘an easy way of acquiring the appearance of scientificity without having to answer the far more complex questions posed by the world’ – and their aloofness from the other social sciences.
To invoke political economy or historical materialism is to recognise that economies can’t be explained in economic terms alone. Piketty dwells particularly on the intrusion of warfare: ‘To a large extent, it was the chaos of war, with its attendant economic and political shocks, that reduced inequality in the 20th century.’ His book is also something of a throwback in its mode of address. A clear and sometimes sarcastically witty writer (noting that the parents of Harvard students make on average about $450,000 a year, he observes that ‘such a finding does not seem entirely compatible with selection based solely on merit’), Piketty is both presenting scholarly findings before colleagues and urging political reform on an educated public. This is more like Keynes in the General Theory than today’s famous economists, who are mainly pundits, or else switch between glib sermons for the laity – the subtitle to Freakonomics, the last economics blockbuster, promised to show ‘the hidden side of everything’ – and scholastic discussions for the priesthood.
In the background to Piketty’s wide and admiring reception lie two crises. One is disciplinary. Economists, endowed until a few years ago with more authority than other scholars, now appear in the eyes of many to have produced models of efficiency and harmony whose perfection was won at the cost of reality. The mathematised dream of some future catallaxy – Hayek’s lovely word for the spontaneous peaceful order that would result from maximum liberation of the market – bore little resemblance to actually existing capitalism. Since the crash, behavioural economics has generated much of the excitement in the field, but it too is better equipped to make sense of individual economic actors than of the mutually determining trajectories of social classes and national economies. The second crisis is not of economics but the economy: the maldistribution of wealth and incomes visible in every facet of societies today. Piketty’s searching investigation of this phenomenon has been met with understandable gratitude. Branko Milanovic, in a symposium titled ‘Piketty’s Triumph’ in the American Prospect, hailed ‘a monumental book that will influence economic analysis (and perhaps policymaking) in the years to come’, and restores economics to its ‘roots where it seeks to understand’ – in Marx’s phrase – ‘the “laws of motion” of capitalism’. Martin Wolf in the Financial Times wrote that ‘in its scale and sweep’ Capital in the 21st Century ‘brings us back to the founders of political economy’. The inadequacy of mainstream economics in the face of the capitalist economy today has clearly produced a hunger for such a book. But the hungry are apt to praise any substantial meal as a feast.
The bulk of Capital in the 21st Century consists of four long sections between the programmatic introduction and a conclusion in which Piketty reiterates his call for a ‘political and historical economics’ that would leave behind ‘the bipolar confrontations of the period 1917-89’ and, by implication, that era’s Marxist political economy. The first three sections are analytic in character. ‘Income and Capital’ lays out the basic logic of income distribution as it relates to a given economy’s growth rate. ‘The Dynamics of the Capital/Income Ratio’ is above all a case history of inequality across more than two hundred years of industrial capitalism, including its striking mid-20th-century remission. And ‘The Structure of Inequality’ gives an exhaustive statistical description of the inequality that is mounting across societies today. The fourth section, ‘Regulating Capital in the 21st Century’, moves from diagnosis to prescription, with a programme to remedy an over-concentration of wealth that jeopardises, as Piketty sees it, not so much capitalism as democracy.
A book about ratios of capital to income must define its crucial terms. Income, conventionally enough, represents all ‘goods produced and distributed’ over the period of a given year. In principle, this covers not only goods and services in commodity form but also those provided, especially in past societies, outside the market; in practice, Piketty discusses income in money terms. Society’s annual flow of income mainly evaporates in consumption; the saved remainder becomes part of its total stock of capital. His ‘capital’ is a more questionable category for being so generic. It designates wealth of any kind that yields a return or, as with an artwork or a house, can one day be expected to. Piketty doesn’t separate already produced capital from the financial or ‘fictitious’ variety that represents a claim on anticipated production (and bulks so large in today’s economy). This capital isn’t specific to capitalism. It would describe the property of classical slaveholders or feudal landowners – who for the most part neither employed wage labour nor produced for the market – just as well as it would private firms marshalling wage labour in a contest for profits. For Piketty, ‘wealth’ is interchangeable with ‘capital’, though the former belongs to all societies boasting some baskets and spears. Precapitalist social formations appear here as ‘capital-dominated societies in the past’.
Although he declines to say what distinguishes capitalism proper from its predecessors, Piketty proposes that two fundamental laws govern it. The first co-ordinates ‘the three most important concepts for analysing the capitalist system’. The capital/income ratio is society’s total capital as a multiple of total annual income; the rate of return – not quite the same as the rate of profit, as we will see – is the annual income from capital as a percentage of its size; and the share of capital income is the portion of total output flowing to owners relative to the trickle, in per capita terms, irrigating the lives of workers. Piketty’s algebraic formula for his first law expresses capital’s share of income as the rate of return multiplied by the capital/income ratio. So a 5 per cent return on capital worth six times society’s annual income equals a share of 30 per cent: almost a third of income goes to the owners of wealth. As Piketty acknowledges, the law is ‘a pure accounting identity’ applying ‘to all societies in all periods, by definition’. In earlier societies private wealth consisted mostly of land, and Piketty estimates that ‘the average rate of return on land in rural societies is typically on the order of 4-5 per cent.’ Knowing the value of landed property as a multiple of a society’s yearly income would give you an approximate measure of that society’s inequality between classes, given that ‘the distribution of capital ownership (and of income from capital) is always more concentrated than distribution of income from labour.’ (The socialist programme of collective ownership of the means of production implied this didn’t need to be so for ever.)
Statistical evocations of premodern societies are largely guesswork, and Piketty’s first law acquires more empirical purchase with the advent of national accounting surveys, first in England around 1700 and later in France. In 1791 Antoine Lavoisier produced estimates of France’s income and wealth and, as Piketty points out with a hint of republican pride, ‘the new tax system established after the Revolution, which ended the privileges of the nobility and imposed a tax on all property in land, was largely inspired by this work.’ The advance of national accounting has followed the radial path, from Western Europe outwards, of full-blown capitalism. The picture of Europe and North America in the 19th century is therefore clearer than what we can see of the rest of the world. By Piketty’s calculations, capital/income ratios in Western Europe hovered between six or seven to one by the turn of the 20th century. Inequality between wealth and income was lower in the Anglophone New World, not as a result of egalitarian policies but because the body of newcomers without inherited wealth grew much faster than the established class of owners handing down their property through the generations. On the eve of the First World War, domestic capital in the US was only five times national income. The short 20th century, from 1917 to 1991, saw across most of its span a compression of incomes relative to the divergence Piketty finds in the long 19th century.
He mainly sets the mid-20th-century decrease in inequality down to the destruction of capital caused by two world wars. After the Armistice, the European belligerents inflated away war debts and the capital these represented. In the US, which, ‘when it came to progressive taxation … went much further than Europe’, FDR pioneered confiscatory rates on high incomes, and the country ‘adopted policies designed to reduce the influence of private capital, such as rent control’. (It’s hard to see these measures as consequences of a war on foreign soil that only increased the relative strength of the US, a net creditor.) After the Second World War, imperialist Europe forfeited wealth through decolonisation. Low postwar capital/income ratios also reflected ‘a deliberate policy choice aimed at reducing … the market value of assets and economic power of their owners’, as Piketty rather vaguely puts it. Not only did capital shrink in relative size but the return on it, by his calculations historically between 4 and 5 per cent, sank to scarcely half that around 1914 and didn’t regain the old range before the end of the 20th century. During the middle of the century, growth of labour incomes matched or outpaced unprecedented growth rates. Then, starting in the 1970s, capital staged a ‘comeback’ that continues today, with capital/income ratios now approaching those of the Belle Epoque. Thanks in part to relaxed tax regimes, Piketty sees a return of ‘patrimonial capitalism’ where large fortunes reflect inherited wealth more than the entrepreneurial mettle dear to justifications of capitalism.
The history of inequality under industrial capitalism is therefore a U-shaped saddle rather than a mound: a 19th-century rise, a swoon across the middle two-thirds of the 20th century and a second rise over the past generation. The story may be most surprising to economists. Piketty tells it explicitly to correct the optimistic theory Simon Kuznets proposed in 1955, which was widely accepted in the profession, that inequality lessens as economies mature. If Piketty is correct, the extremes of poverty and wealth seen in 19th-century Europe, far from being growing pains, reflect the capitalist norm. Left alone, the dynamics of the capital/income ratio will generate ever greater inequality.
What drives the polarisation? Piketty’s ‘second fundamental law of capitalism’ promises more analytic power than the first. It states that the capital/income ratio grows according to the divergence between the rate of return or savings rate (for Piketty, these are effectively the same) and the overall growth rate of the economy. Those with high incomes from accumulated wealth or especially well-compensated labour – ‘the rise of the supermanager’ is the way Piketty describes the trend of recent decades – can save most of this revenue, especially as fortunes balloon to the size that extravagant habits barely dent them. On the other hand, people with little or no wealth, let alone net debtors, spend most or all that they earn. And since the economy as a whole constitutes one gigantic income, average incomes can’t exceed the rate of growth (unless returns to capital fall). Piketty formulates his second law of capitalism most simply as ‘the inequality r>g’: the rate of return on capital tends to exceed that of economic growth. Logically, r might just as easily equal g (leading to a steady capital/income ratio) or fall below it, as during the mid-20th century. But the liability of r to exceed g generally holds and in societies obedient to this law capital incomes will account for an ever greater share of income while receipts to labour dwindle by comparison.
Piketty ’s final analytic section lays out an incomparable array of data supporting his case that capitalism tends to aggravate inequality. This is the triumph of Capital in the 21st Century: nothing about the book is more impressive than the range and richness of its statistical information. (Piketty excuses the inaccuracy of Kuznets’s theory on the basis of the incomplete data, going back only a few decades, at his disposal.) Piketty’s data sets begin in the historic homelands of capital and gather local precision and geographical scope as he nears the present. Recent decades reveal an almost universal increase in inequality within capitalist countries (even as inequality between rich and poor countries has declined). Some of Piketty’s information and the inferences he makes from it have been aggressively questioned, notably by the Financial Times, but without altering the outlines of his findings. Capital in the 21st Century continually points to imperfections in national accounting statistics, particularly with respect to large fortunes, which they tend to underestimate; Piketty and his colleagues have attempted to redress this failing through their World Top Incomes Database. One merit of the book is that it both insists on the importance of data and, at least where modern societies are concerned, highlights the uncertainties involved in its collection.
The statistical panorama is enlivened and authenticated by local detail. We learn for instance that Britain imposed a progressive income tax on South Africa in 1913 and India in 1922; that profits of German industry increased handsomely under the Nazis; and that in the US, ‘in terms of purchasing power, the minimum wage reached its maximum level nearly half a century ago, in 1969, at $1.60 an hour.’ But the impressive statistical portrait isn’t matched by Piketty’s theoretical or interpretative achievement. It’s the second of his two fundamental laws of capitalism that promises real dividends. Yet r>g possesses more descriptive than explanatory value.
On the one hand, the law is indisputable: if capital grows faster than output, the proportion of wealth to income necessarily rises. Only a dip in the rate of return, broader capital ownership, or the destruction of capital might retard or reverse the process. But what does the formula explain? Geologists might offer an analogous theorem for the changing elevations of mountain ranges, with the Andes rising as the Appalachians subside. According to the inequality u>e, where u gives the rate of upthrust and e the rate of erosion, summits ascend to the extent that upthrust exceeds erosion. Presumably this would be accurate. But a theory of plate tectonics would be needed to account for the rate of upthrust and a further theory for the erosive effect of this climate on that rock. Piketty sets r against g without establishing why either should be what it is. Still, the analogy with geology is flawed. Plate tectonics and climate are independent variables, as the rate of return and the growth rate are not, though Piketty treats them that way. He reiterates that ‘pure’ returns on capital – prior to any redistribution – average around 4 or 5 per cent across history, regardless of distributive patterns. As for economic growth, here it’s essentially a by-product of technological development and demographic growth. (As the French economist Gaël Giraud has observed, Piketty leaves out the credit extension and fossil fuels indispensable to capitalism’s unique expansion.)
Politically and intellectually, it may be useful to separate questions of distribution from those of production for a moment. But that is to pry apart indissociable aspects of economic life. As Marx has it in the Grundrisse: ‘To treat of production apart from the distribution that is comprised in it is plainly an idle abstraction.’ The size of total output obviously establishes what there is to distribute, but the prevailing regime of distribution also fundamentally affects the specific nature (more cars than buses, say) and general volume of that output. In the same passage, Marx observes that distribution – not only who owns what, but what prospects of gain are afforded by ownership – even ‘seems to antedate and to determine production’, as when ‘a conquering people turns the conquered people into slaves and thus makes slave labour the basis for production. Or a nation, by a revolution, breaks up large estates … and by this distribution imparts to production a new character.’ These examples – of distribution setting the tempo of production – are not fanciful. The relative economic stasis of classical Greece and Rome had to do with their foundation in slavery, as Perry Anderson pointed out in Passages from Antiquity to Feudalism: ‘Once manual labour became deeply associated with the loss of liberty, there was no free social rationale for invention.’ Slavery ‘devalued all labour by precluding any sustained concern with devices to save it’. Alternately, the medieval expansion from the 11th to 13th centuries owed something to shrinking peasant holdings, since smaller plots provoked more intensive cultivation (and population growth hadn’t yet courted diminishing returns by pressing onto marginal land). Other historians in the Marxist tradition argue that lordly and state exactions later deprived the peasantry of the cash surplus that might have gone to improving their land, or that the capitalist take-off in 16th-century England came from a productivity revolution unleashed by lordly competition for agricultural rents. You don’t need to accept any of these arguments to see how differential claims on the social product might, and sometimes must, modulate its dynamics.
Other evidence for the intimacy of production and distribution lies closer to hand. In the decades after the Second World War – for the French les trente glorieuses – the rich countries enjoyed unprecedented growth as well as the unprecedented moderation of inequality that Piketty stresses. To award all credit for higher growth to lower inequality would be foolish: postwar reconstruction, the green revolution, the Cold War boom in armaments and the flood of petroleum all contributed to the surge. But did the compression of incomes play no significant role? Marx suggested and Keynes took pains to argue that a top-heavy income distribution can hamper the investment in production on which growth depends. Too much money in the hands of the rich, who save more of their income than others, may curtail demand for both consumer goods and the capital goods necessary to furnish them (consumption being, as Keynes put it, ‘the sole end and object of all economic activity’). By the same token, larger labour incomes tend to increase inflation, reducing the penchant of the wealthy to sit on idle cash as so many corporations are doing today, and to brighten the prospects and expand the payrolls of firms. Stark inequality may be a stipulation of rapid growth during early industrialisation. Later on, a flatter distribution seems to clear the way to faster growth, to judge by the postwar experience of economies both advanced and catching up. Scandinavian economies grew faster than more unequal counterparts along the Mediterranean, just as comparatively egalitarian East Asia outpaced more oligarchic Latin America. The pattern prevails generally across the 20th century. Mass consumption fed the Roaring Twenties; full employment of labour and price controls on industry fortified FDR’s war economy; and the fragile postwar settlement between workers and owners, the result of ruling-class anxiety over organised labour and the left, encouraged labour-saving productivity advances by raising wages which themselves swelled mass consumption.
Piketty makes little connection between the 20th century’s atypically low inequality and atypically high growth. If capital/income ratios declined, it’s because average incomes tracked economies generally and because non-economic factors, chiefly war, cut down capital stock. The outsize effect of war and the minor role of politics in the book is puzzling enough on its own. Wartime destruction may have wiped out important quantities of fixed capital, especially in France, but hardly as much as the heavy accent on war implies. Nor was all the inflation between the wars the immediate or uniform consequence of hostilities, as witness the vacillations of monetary authorities, well into the 1930s, between deflationary austerity painful to workers and the inflationary expansion feared by rentiers. The option for inflation partly confessed the strength of workers’ parties and the menacing example of the Soviet Union, factors scanted by Piketty. After the Second World War, communism abroad and organised labour at home promoted redistribution more than memories of fascism did. But no matter the reasons for it, Piketty doesn’t credit greater equality with any causal role in the rapid overall growth that did so much to reduce capital/income ratios.
If high growth accompanied lower inequality in the mid-20th century, what accounts for the complementary pattern across the past forty years? Since the 1970s growth has slowed and inequality accelerated. Explanations advanced by others range from chronic overcapacity in international manufacturing, to the explosion of a financial sector better at inflating short-lived bubbles than committing to long-term investment, to the depressive effect of stagnating working-class incomes. Piketty addresses none of these factors, and from his point of view perhaps there’s little reason to. If r>g is the general law, the middle of the 20th century is the anomaly to be explained and our own time simply a reversion to the immemorial trend.
The exceptional character of the period between the First World War and the 1973-74 recession becomes the more striking when Piketty emphasises that his second law of capitalism held long before capitalism: ‘The inequality r>g has clearly been true throughout most of human history, right up to the eve of World War One, and it will probably be true again in the 21st century.’ In a chart graphing the rate of return against ‘the growth rate, at the world level, of world output from Antiquity to 2100’, r hovers between 4 and 5 per cent until 1820, by which time the Industrial Revolution has spread beyond England. It plummets nearly as low as 1 per cent around the outbreak of the First World War, and then undertakes a steep climb throughout the 20th century before adjusting to a moderate slope that stretches up to and past our time into the indefinite and enduringly capitalist future. Across the same stretch of history, the global growth rate g ascends a gentle gradient until the mid-18th century, after which new summits beckon. Around the beginning of the 20th century, the growth rate at last overtakes the rate of return, until the 1970s when it resumes its descent towards the old inanition. By Piketty’s estimate, by the end of our present century capitalism will be eking out a 1.5 per cent annual expansion while the rate of return recovers its traditional 4 or 5 per cent. Leaving aside the enormous quotient of speculation in ‘data’ for societies with far less developed markets or bookkeeping – a suspension of his usual statistical scruples – Piketty’s aggrandisement of the historical domain of his second law severely undermines its claim to explain industrial capitalism, which is his principal concern. If industrial capitalism as an international phenomenon is approximately 180 years old, a full third of its lifespan (from 1914 to 1974) evades r>g altogether: an interregnum that Piketty finds in no other epoch. In other words, this law of capitalism is obeyed by capitalism least of all: a remarkable defect.
Piketty’s theoretical troubles may start with his definition of capital as wealth in general. Much ‘capital’ accumulation prior to capitalism – in lordly residences, luxury articles and even such agricultural improvements as vineyards gratifying elite tastes in wine – was indistinguishable from its consumption, being carried out mostly without the aim or even the opportunity of a monetary profit. Had precapitalist saving and investment not in effect consumed wealth as much as amassing it, the unrelieved operation of r>g on slow-growing societies could only have split them at length into sheer paupers and maximum richlings. And Piketty often writes as if all societies outside the 20th century always grew more unequal. But inequality sometimes diminished. To select a single example from his own country, in the 12th and 13th centuries the seigniorial share of income in France fell relative to average peasant incomes.
Only in the late feudal period did a recognisable capitalist dynamic first seize parts of Western Europe as – in a pair of mutually reinforcing developments – the urban bourgeoisie expanded its commercial activities and agricultural production became increasingly commodified. Earlier, when private wealth didn’t depend chiefly on markets to reproduce or enlarge itself, the adequacy or otherwise of the rate of return lacked any strictly economic criterion; vaguer and more variable social standards assessed the income from a given fortune. As capitalism has spread across the world, both owners and workers have relied on markets for the bulk or the whole of their income and so delivered themselves up to Marx’s ‘coercive laws of competition’. Capitalists compete for money profits, which are in turn to be profitably invested in ever larger masses of capital. The systemic imperatives of satisfactory profits and endless accumulation may in the end be at odds. Ricardo, Marx and Keynes each in different ways proposed that accumulating too much capital relative to the economy as a whole would endanger private returns, general expansion, or both. Piketty’s refusal to endorse any of these scenarios – a high capital/income ratio may or may not dampen the rate of return, he inconclusively concludes – isn’t necessarily a failing. But his concept of the rate of return on wealth is too generic to ground any distinctive laws of capitalism. No theory of capitalist dynamics can do without the implacable logic of profitability and its effect on the interaction of distribution and production.
In his conclusion Piketty promotes r>g to the status of ‘the central contradiction of capitalism’. The phrase is meant to evoke Marx and the theory to better him. What was the central contradiction of capitalism for Marx? Perhaps this: ‘The working population … produces both the accumulation of capital and the means by which it is itself made relatively superfluous; and it does this to an extent that always increases.’ The grossly cumulative character of capital and its technically progressive or labour-saving nature together impose a secular decline in the demand for labour that ultimately threatens capital itself. Crises of profitability arise in the short term mainly due to shortfalls of demand from low wages. In the long term, the principal cause is the tendency to employ proportionally less labour than physical capital in production. Since profit emerges from the gap between what labour contributes to production and what it receives as income, the rate of profit will fall, other things being equal, as the ratio of capital to labour rises. Yet neither Marx (who attached many conditions and qualifications to the theory of ‘the tendency of the rate of profit to fall’) nor later and more systematic expositors expected – as perhaps the most notable, Henryk Grossman, put it – ‘that capitalism must “by itself” or “automatically” collapse’. Only political organisation in response to crisis could overcome capitalism. Marx imagined that capital would itself unwittingly carry out much of the necessary organisation by creating an educated industrial proletariat. The reality evident today is more compatible with his theory of a labour force that shrinks in relative size as its productivity swells: far fewer people hold a farm or factory job these days than lack formal employment altogether or are enlisted in the service sector (where, by its nature, productivity has advanced much less than in industry and agriculture).
At a distance Piketty’s central contradiction resembles Marx’s. Here too capital, ‘more and more dominant over those who own nothing but their labour’, overaccumulates relative to labour. But at least in formal terms, Marx’s theory is clearly superior. It proposes a genuine contradiction – capital accumulation undermines itself – and entails a mechanism specific to capitalism: the drive for profits through the exploitation of wage labour. Piketty’s r>g is not, by contrast, the ‘fundamental logical contradiction’ that he claims. Capital accumulation, left to outrun economic growth indefinitely, would create ‘an endless inegalitarian spiral’ threatening less to profitability than ‘to democratic societies and to the values of social justice on which they are based’.
Capitalism can dispense with democracy more easily than with profits. A question for the century ahead is how far it will minimise the former in seeking to maximise the latter. Some Marxists join Piketty in considering the falling rate of profit illusory; those who support the idea on grounds distinct from Marx’s have ascribed the – disputed – fall of profitability over recent decades to factors like industrial overcapacity or the distension of finance capital, which multiplies claims on profits without necessarily corresponding to a proportionate increase in total profits. (Michael Roberts finds that after the early 1960s the rate of profit ‘reached a low in 1975 and then rose to a peak in the mid-1990s. Since then, the world rate of profit has been static or slightly falling and has not returned to its peak of the 1990s.’) Whatever the ultimate destiny of profits, Piketty and the Marxists agree on this much: only politics can curb or cancel runaway inequality.
The final part of Capital in the 21st Century proposes a major political reform. A ‘progressive annual tax on individual wealth’ levied by national governments and supervised by an international tax authority – Piketty suggests rates from 0.5 to 2 per cent, according to the size of the fortune – would check the accumulation of private wealth and prevent capital/income ratios from rising without end. Large fortunes would come to represent recent entrepreneurial feats more than the dumb luck of inheritance, and revenue from the tax could address public purposes neglected by private investors. Piketty hazards his ‘utopian idea’ as contemporary societies approach what he sees as a fork in the road. One way leads to concentrations of wealth incompatible with liberal democracy, the other to a redomesticated capitalism supporting ‘a social state for the 21st century’. This would renew two promises of the French Revolution: the ‘career open to talent’ irrespective of station at birth and, in the epigraph from the Declaration of the Rights of Man that heads Piketty’s book, the principle that ‘social distinctions can be based only on common utility.’ Inequality is to be tolerated and even encouraged so far as individual rewards promote the general good; past that point, private riches come at society’s expense.
Piketty’s proposal entails the possibility of the democratic restraint of capital not just in one or two countries but in such a preponderance of them that governments everywhere will submit their wealthiest and thus most powerful citizens to a measure bound to repel them. Yet in his account of the 20th century ‘it took two world wars to wipe away the past and significantly reduce the return on capital’; redistribution was mainly an after-effect of hostilities. If the democratic control of capital has such scant precedent, how plausible can it be in the future? Citizens in the capitalist democracies of the mid-20th century felt strong identifications with starkly different political parties. Depoliticisation over the past generation is understandable, as parties of left and right converge towards the same vacant centre. (Piketty himself stoically supports a French Socialist Party even more cringing and feckless than others in Europe.) A recent study calculated that in the US the top 10 per cent of the income distribution enjoys an effect on political outcomes 15 times that of the remaining 90 per cent. Other countries are plutocratic to similar degrees. How are the executive committees of the ruling class in countries across the world to act in concert to impose Piketty’s tax on just this class?
Socialist revolution frankly seems more likely. Suppose a revolution in an advanced country gradually or suddenly transferred to the public all shares of corporations currently in private hands. Investment could thereafter be directed by publicly held mutual funds competing with one another for long-term returns, all of which revenue would flow to the general population or the administration carrying out its will. The size of the capital stock would be unaffected by the change in ownership. A far narrower wage schedule within and among enterprises would be one likely result. But even without it, a rising capital/income ratio would no longer automatically deepen inequality. The notion of such a revolution – first in one country, then gatheringly international but not yet universal – is fanciful right now. But is it more so than a global capital tax requiring the co-ordination of virtually all nations? The longer global capitalism goes unreformed the more likely nations and regions are to reject it.
Piketty, ‘vaccinated for life against the conventional but lazy rhetoric of anticapitalism’ by the fall of the Berlin Wall, might consider such speculations an ideological relapse. He wants his tax on capital to ‘promote the general interest over private interests while preserving economic openness and the forces of competition’, and has said in interviews that the indispensable role of markets in complex economies justifies the persistence of capitalism. But the familiar equation of markets with capitalism lacks a historical or theoretical basis. It ignores the extensive markets in many precapitalist societies and the strong element of monopoly and state interference with markets throughout the history of capitalism. It also overlooks the fact that few leftists since the 1980s have proposed a return to centralised command economies. Visions of a postcapitalist future, from Alec Nove’s Economics of Feasible Socialism (1983) to David Schweickart’s After Capitalism (2002), have more often been forms of market socialism. (Schweickart folds ‘a capital assets tax’ much like Piketty’s into a comprehensive transitional programme.) The private accumulation of capital would no longer drive the economy, even as the market still facilitated much private consumption and guided much public investment. Piketty might reject the idea in any or all varieties. For now he shows no awareness of it. The blindspot isn’t surprising in a writer who has boasted to the American press, perhaps not entirely disingenuously, of his unfamiliarity with Marx’s writing, and who in his book excuses his indifference to Marxist work generally by complaining that ‘one sometimes has the impression’ in reading Sartre, Althusser or Badiou that ‘questions of capital and class inequality are only of moderate interest to them.’ He would have done better to consult historians and economists than philosophers.
None of which is to be taken as a smug suggestion that professional economists who slip the confines of their discipline and, perhaps with more difficulty, encroach on the limits of responsible opinion have nothing to learn or teach that Marxists don’t already know. Piketty’s appetite for and command over data, for one thing, are worth emulating. And surely if intelligent economists start reckoning with Marxian thought not as a historical curio but as a long and living tradition, they won’t simply ratify propositions about which Marxists don’t agree themselves. Investigated rather than ignored, Marxist ideas would be variously confirmed, refined or rejected. For the moment, however, mainstream economists, including the hero of the hour, seem reluctant to press their discoveries beyond the borders of the respectable. Their journalistic counterparts are if anything more timid. Only this can explain why Piketty’s discussion of inequality, a preoccupation on the left for decades, has struck them as such a singular revelation. The book is more exciting considered as a failure than as a triumph. Piketty has bid a lingering goodbye to the latter-day marginalism of mainstream economics but has not yet arrived at the reconstructed political economy foreseen at the outset. His theoretical reach fumbles where his statistical grasp is sure, and he leaves intact the questions of economic value, distributive justice and capitalist dynamics that he raises.
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Tensions between Jean-Pierre Blais, the chairman of Canada's broadcast and telecom regulator, and Ontario commissioner Raj Shoan have now boiled over into a third court case in just over a year.
In the latest case, a request for judicial review filed with the Federal Court of Appeal on May 4, Mr. Shoan objected to the chairman's decision to name a panel of commissioners to preside over a public hearing that was only announced this week.
The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) said on Wednesday that it will hold a public inquiry in the fall into the practice of "zero-rating," which is when Internet or wireless providers exempt certain services (such as streaming music applications like Spotify) from data charges.
The public hearing is expected to bring some certainty to the validity of the practice, which proponents of Net neutrality say violates the principle that all content that flows through networks should be treated equally.
Mr. Shoan filed his court application along with an affidavit setting out his concerns that Mr. Blais does not have the authority to appoint panels and that all commissioners must be given the opportunity to vote on telecommunications matters.
He says in the application that Mr. Blais sent an e-mail on April 12 outlining his decision to appoint a panel of five commissioners to deal with the public hearing. There are eight current commissioners (including Mr. Blais). Mr. Shoan was not named to the panel.
After Mr. Shoan filed his materials, lawyers for the federal government, representing the CRTC, raised concerns about the materials being on the public record before the commission had officially announced its plans to hold the hearing.
He agreed to ask the court to withhold them from the public record until the hearing was announced and the registrar of the Federal Court of Appeal issued a direction to keep the materials confidential on May 9.
Following the public announcement of the hearing this week, the parties agreed that the materials no longer needed to be withheld from the public record.
Mr. Shoan said Friday that he filed his application before the hearing was announced because he was objecting to Mr. Blais's decision of April 12 and the law requires a judicial review to be filed within 30 days of a decision.
"I don't believe the Telecommunications Act gives the Chairperson the legal authority to name panels to decide on telecommunications matters. My reading of the Act is that all decisions are to be made by the full commission itself," Mr. Shoan said. "It's not something I relish doing but I do feel that I have a legal and ethical duty to preserve the integrity of the CRTC's decision-making structure."
Patricia Valladao, spokeswoman for the CRTC, disagreed.
"The AG [attorney general] and the commission are firmly of the view that the position of Commissioner Shoan is entirely without merit. Commission chairs have been naming panels for decades," she said Friday.
The two men have been at odds almost since the time Mr. Shoan was appointed to the CRTC in 2013.
Mr. Shoan has consistently objected to what he has characterized as Mr. Blais overstepping his legal authority as chairman of the commission.
In a case filed with the Federal Court in April, 2015, Mr. Shoan first sought a judicial review of Mr. Blais's acceptance of the findings of a third-party investigation that found Mr. Shoan had harassed a CRTC employee over e-mail. The court is expected to hear that case in Toronto on June 21.
Mr. Shoan then filed a second legal case with the Federal Court of Appeal in October, which was the first time he raised the issue of Mr. Blais lacking the authority to appoint panels on telecommunications matters. A hearing date has not been set in that matter.
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“They eat and sleep while they are airborne. This is something that researchers have believed since the 1950s, and now we can show that it’s true,” says Anders Hedenström, professor at the Department of Biology at Lund University.
Three years ago, the same research team at Lund University observed that within the species common swift, (Apus apus) there were individuals that live in the air for up to ten consecutive months without landing — a world record for being airborne. A different research team has also shown that the alpine swift could live largely in the air.
In the current study, Anders Hedenström and his colleagues Susanne Åkesson, Gabriel Norevik, Arne Andersson and Johan Bäckman at Lund University, and Giovanni Boano from Italy, studied four individuals of the species pallid swift (Apus pallidus). The results show that the birds are in the air without landing for between two and three and a half months, depending on the individual.
Using micro-data loggers attached to the birds, the researchers measured movement when the wings flap. The loggers record activity every five minutes, and the bird’s location once a month. Using this method, the researchers have been able to ascertain that the birds live for months at a time in the air during the winter months, the period of the year they spend in West Africa after the breeding season in Italy.
“They land when they breed under a roof tile or in a hole, otherwise they live in the air. They eat insects while they fly, and when they have reached a high altitude and start gliding, they actually sleep for short periods,” says Anders Hedenström.
The breeding season dictates why pallid swifts cannot fly for as many months in a row as the common swift, i.e. ten months. Pallid swifts lay two clutches in one season, the common swift only one.
“However, it doesn’t actually matter if a species spends three or ten months in the air. Both are adapted to live in that element, they are designed to fly with maximised energy efficiency, regardless of whether they are flapping or gliding,” says Anders Hedenström, continuing:
“It’s always said, of course, that flying is birds’ most energy-intensive activity. I have calculated that a nightingale, which doesn’t live in the air in the same way at all, expends as much energy as a pallid swift, which is in the air all the time.”
Swifts have a high survival rate compared to many other birds. The researchers believe this is due to swifts spending such a large part of their lives in the air, where predators cannot surprise them in the same way as on the ground or in a nest. Also, when airborne they are not affected by parasites in the same way as on the ground.
Materials provided by Lund University. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
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The Client Monetary Security Bureau headquarters in Washington, D.C.
Joshua Roberts/Bloomberg by using Getty Pictures
A CFPB spokesperson declined to comment on the particulars of the report.
“Studies and customer complaints of payments frauds have risen sharply, and fiscal fraud can be devastating for victims,” the spokesperson said in an e-mailed statement. “The CFPB is performing to prevent more damage, together with by making certain that monetary institutions are living up to their investigation and mistake resolution obligations.”
A spokesperson for Early Warning Expert services, LLC, a team of seven banking institutions that own Zelle, claimed the assistance had assisted tens of millions of individuals in their everyday life, no matter whether to pay out rent, get revenue promptly when in need or fulfill debts to close friends quickly.
“Protecting people is 1 of our top rated priorities,” the spokesperson mentioned. “As a community, we constantly adapt customer security actions to address the dynamic and evolving mother nature of misleading routines fraudsters employ.”
Matt Schulz, main credit rating analyst at LendingTree, claimed there is certainly “no concern” scammers on peer-to-peer payment providers are normally “a significant, significant dilemma,” nevertheless.
“They’re captivated to these applications like moths to a flame simply because there is certainly just so significantly cash flowing through them and due to the fact transfers take place so quickly,” he stated in an e-mail.
It can be important for buyers to continue with warning when applying these applications simply because making a slip-up may perhaps necessarily mean they’ll in no way see the dollars once again, Schulz said.
“This isn’t really like credit score card fraud wherever the trouble can typically be managed with a rapid cell phone connect with,” he included. “With P2P fraud, genuine revenue is typically taken from a true account and frequently is gone for fantastic. That’s a massive problem, in particular in a time of soaring inflation when so numerous People in america are living on a restricted finances.”
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Cannabis and its extracts, such as CBD, can be hugely beneficial for you, but you have to maintain proper dosage to reap the full benefits.
Cannabis is the substance acquired from marijuana plants. Historically, it has been used by civilizations throughout the world for various purposes. The ancient Egyptians used it for medicinal purposes. The Chinese used hemp paper almost 2000 years ago. In Mesopotamia, marijuana use was widespread. And finally, the Indian subcontinent mastered the use of marijuana by using it for recreation, medicine, and spiritual purposes.
After the anti-drug drives, back in the ’70s, this useful drug became illegal in many countries, and the governments started cracking down on the users and traders of marijuana. Recently, after long scientific studies, the usefulness of cannabis has been proved once again in the scientific arena.
Countries around the world are lifting restrictions on the medicinal use of marijuana. Some countries even allow recreational use of the plant. This paves way for a very important extract from cannabis, the CBD, to be used. In this article, we examine the use of CBD oil and the dosage you should maintain.
What is CBD?
CBD is short for cannabidiol. Cannabidiol is one of the 113 extracts that you would find on cannabis. In fact, CBD accounts for almost 40% of all the extracts you can get from cannabis.
CBD oil is one type of CBD product. It is marketed in the form of various products, such as capsules, skincare, vapor products, etc. The most famous CBD product though is the oil, and it has various uses.
One important information about cannabidiol is that it is different from tetrahydrocannabinol or THC. THC is another type of extract found in cannabis plants. THC is responsible for the psychoactive properties of cannabis, such as hallucination, panic, and hunger. It shares the soothing properties of CBD, but CBD can help a person relax without the psychoactive properties of THC. This is why it is perfectly safe to use.
Benefits of CBD Oil
CBD oil can really benefit us in various ways. To understand how it will affect us, we have to first understand how CBD reacts with our bodies. Human bodies are engineered for cannabis products.
The human endocannabinoid system is a unique biological system that rests within our body and helps process cannabis extracts, such as CBD. The endocannabinoid system consists of cannabinoid receptors that can react with and break cannabis extracts to produce effects.
Endocannabinoid systems are a system of neurotransmitters that control various psychological and cognitive functions, such as our mood, hunger, memory, and pain. When CBD enters the system, it can control these psychological and cognitive functions. It can make our mood steady. CBD oil for pain can help us relieve pain. It overall relaxes our nervous system.
Another use of CBD oil can be found in body massage. When massaged with CBD oil, our bodies react to the properties of CBD and make us relaxed. CBD helps increase blood flow to our muscles and immediately helps us feel more enlivened. A CBD oil massage after a rough day can surely help us calm our minds down.
CBD oil can help with long-term problems and chronic diseases. For instance, it has been proven to help with arthritis disease. One property of CBD is to control inflammation. So it could really help with chronic pain and diseases that cause it, such as arthritis.
CBD oil can help in relieving anxiety. The relaxing properties of CBD remove physical and psychological discomforts. It helps with mood swings and appetite. Controlling these psychological functions, CBD can help alleviate a person’s anxiety issues. This is why it is used by ex-soldiers and crime victims to help with the post-traumatic disorder or P.T.S.D. One thing to remember here, P.T.S.D. cannot be cured using CBD; only the symptoms can be mitigated.
CBD oil has been used for skin care since ancient times. Recently, it has gained some popularity in the field. Even though it might be found in cream form, mixed with other chemicals, its benefits are proven. With its inflammatory reduction properties, it can help with pimples and acne. It also softens skin and increases blood flow under the skin.
CBD oil has a theoretical application for cancer treatment. In theory, cancer is basically overgrowth or inflammation of tissues, and CBD oil can help with inflammation and overgrowth of tissues. Right now, the cancer treatment properties of the CBD oil are under research.
But it’s being used as a supplement for cancer patients who are undergoing chemotherapy. It helps to control the pain and other symptoms for those who are going through this ordeal. Hopefully, in the future, scientists will be able to discover the cancer recovery properties of CBD oil.
Dosage of CBD oil depends on various factors, including your age, your body weight, the problem you are trying to treat, and existing physical situations that can react to CBD.
But the thing about CBD oil is that it is still mostly experimental. The dosages have not yet been perfected. Experts recommend starting low and then going big. In this technique, you start with small dosages, such as 10 mg of oil per intake. And if that does not affect you, you keep increasing the dosage until you feel it is too much for you.
Usually, 1500 mg is the limit in most cases. A fact about CBD is that it has no direct overdose effects. If you start to take it in massive doses and you continue this practice for a long time, you may overwork your liver, and it could damage your metabolic system.
CBD oil dosage varies in products. For instance, if you are using vapor oil, then ¼th the normal dosage is applicable. In capsules form, 10 mg capsules are the most commonly marketed form of dosage.
Our society, as a whole, needs to change the perception of CBD products. We have to understand its beneficial effects and its distinction from its psychoactive counterpart THC.
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Volume 3 (2016) - Issue 2, February
Cancer is a disease of deregulated cellular behavior. Acquisition of oncogenic attributes, loss of tumor suppressive functions, evasion of physiological tissue architecture and interactions with the cellular microenvironment enable malignant cells to escape the mechanisms of normal cellular homeostasis in an organism. Cancer cells are therefore able to sustain unlimited proliferation, to thrive un...
Medicinal plants are bioresources harnessed by humans to combat diseases and maintain a healthy life. Plants remain the basis for the development of modern drugs for the preservation of health. Garcinia kola is considered a “wonder plant” because every part of it has been found to be of medicinal importance. G. kola seed is used as an antipyretic agent in indigenous system of medicine. Pharmac...
ANTI CANCER PROPERTIES OF PLANTS PRESENT IN WEST GODAVARI DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA- A MINI REVIEW
Cancer is a fatal disease characterized by the abnormal growth of cells. Various factors cause cancer. Synthetic modern medicines have high toxic effects on other systems of the body such as renal system, circulatory system, etc. To reduce those toxic effects the scientific world is trying to find inhibitors from the herbal sources. Always the plants proved to be effective and efficient in curing ...
Sonchus arvensis, a perennial sowthistle, is a common but underutilized species of Kathmandu, Nepal. Several uses like sedative, antioxidant and kidney stone eradicating properties have been identified till date, but a study on other pharmacological activities is not yet explored. Therefore, the plant was collected from Kathmandu; aerial parts of the plant were dried, crushed, and extracted using ...
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND FRACTIONATION OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA LINN. FRUIT TO SHOW ANTIHYPERGLYCAEMIC ACTIVITY
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in the endocrine system. This dreadful disease is found in all parts of the world and is becoming a serious threat to mankind health. There are lots of chemical agents available to control and to treat diabetic patients, but total recovery from diabetes has not been reported up to this date. An alternative to these synthetic agents, plants provide a potent...
ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF CINNAMALDEHYDE PER SE AND IT’S INTERACTION WITH DICLOFENAC SODIUM AND PENTAZOCINE IN SWISS ALBINO MICE.
Cinnamon is one of the best-known spices used as herbal medicine. Cinnamaldehyde is the most important constituents of cinnamon. The present study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic activity of Cinnamaldehyde per se and its interaction with diclofenac sodium and pentazocine in Swiss albino mice. Healthy mice of either sex weighing 20-30 grams were divided into 6 groups of 6 animals each. Peripher...
Trianthema decandra Linn., belongs to family Aizoaceae, commonly known as “Punarnavi” in Sanskrit, “Gadabandi” in Hindi, and “Vellai sharuni” in Tamil. This plant is globally distributed tropical and subtropical regions. In India, it grows in dry-soil lands. It has been known since ancient times for curative properties and has been utilized for treatment of various ailments such as bur...
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Pindi (Rawalpindi) Cricket Stadium is the only international standard cricket Stadium in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
This stadium has lately been extended to cater to the ever growing number of viewers for the game. With the rise in capacity, it can now hold around 25,000 audience.
The stadium held its first Test match in 1993.
Before the creation of Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium, Rawalpindi Club Cricket Ground had been used as a place for international competitions, including one Test match in contradiction of New Zealand that was held in March 1965. Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium was a major spot in the 1995–96 Cricket World Cup. With an eye on the World Cup of 1996, revealed another new Test place for the second Test against Zimbabwe in Rawalpindi. Karachi played Pakistan’s first Test match and Rawalpindi Cricket stadium became the country’s 14th Test ground. The flood lights were added in late 2001 when the Australians were set to tour the country. The stadium is just 20 minutes from the capital Islamabad and is the only proper international stadium in the area.
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We create this milk chocolate as a single origin chocolate with pure fine flavor cacao from Peru. We use local Peruvian Nativo cacao from Oro Verde, which is Spanish for “green gold”. The Nativo cacao includes white cacao beans, a signature feature of the legendary Criollo. The small farms growing these beans belong in part to the Chanka and Awajun tribes, and they grow their cacao in the middle of the rain forest according to old indigenous traditions. These tribes are proud of their diverse cultural heritage and also of the diversity in their cacao gardens, where many other plants thrive alongside the cacao tree. This biodiversity and the co-cultivating of different plants is hugely important for cacao flavor, as each plant has an effect on the cacao, adding a broad aroma spectrum. With Oro Verde, you can distinctly feel the spirit of the indigenous people, passed down from generation to generation. We turn this amazing cacao into a delicious, sweet milk chocolate by adding sugar, genuine vanilla, and organic mountain milk from the Austrian Tyrol region. The aromatic Nativo cacao slumbers in the cacao fruit and the sweet fruit pulp. Across the world, this rare variety is hard to find. Even here, the profitable CCN-51 clone has started to replace the traditional cacao bean varieties. But especially for us, the Oro Verde cacao farmers harvest only Nativo cacao, thereby safeguarding the existence of this legendary and heirloom fine flavor cacao bean.
Fragrance notes: milk, creamy caramel
Taste notes: sweet and light milk, creamy milk caramel, traces of cinnamon spice and butter biscuit, and a sweet finish of caramel with a pinch of salt
Ingredients: cane sugar°*, cocoa butter°*, dry whole milk, cocoa mass°*, dark brown cane sugar°*, vanilla bean powder°, salt. °= ORGANIC (81% ORGANIC)
Manufactured on equipment that processes tree nuts, peanuts, sesame and soy.
ORGANIC CONTROL NUMBER: AT-BIO-402
Single origin chocolate with cocoa beans from Peru.
Cocoa: 45% minimum
*fair traded, fair trade content in total: 81%
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By Cole Parkinson
With warmer weather finally all over in southern Alberta, some Municipal District of Taber roads have seen some issues after the spring frost came out.
A discussion point around boils and soft spots on certain M.D. roadways was brought to council’s regular meeting on May 12.
“These spots are caused by excessive moisture intake into roads, often as a result of inadequate drainage and saturation. The fall of 2019 was extremely wet which led to sitting water in many ditches as well as on road tops. This led to the saturation of many roads before the heavy frost of the winter set in. This spring came slightly later than normal and frost coming out of the ground happened simultaneously with the demands of agricultural seeding time. The heavy loads on saturated roads forced the water to come up through the crust of many roads due to the frost in the lower layers of the road preventing the water from going down, creating the boil,” reads administration’s report.
The M.D. had road bans in place with 75 per cent on all oiled, paved, chip-sealed and hard-surfaced roads while all other gravel roads under M.D. authority have 90 per cent unless otherwise posted.
Road bans were officially lifted by the M.D. last week. Administration’s report also stated they have already had several Super B grain trucks stuck in roads throughout the M.D. which resulted in the trucks being offloaded to get them unstuck.
“I’ve been working with Bryce (Surina, director of GIS and IT) and the IT department to get a collector app set up so we can start to collect all of these locations and start to make a database of these boils and soft spots are popping up. It also gives us the ability to fix them later in the summer, at least this way we will know where they are,” explained Stu Weber, director of public works.
With the public works crew chasing down these soft spots on M.D. roads, they have been placing material on roads to allow traffic to continue, though they realize it is far from a permanent solution.
“Once they start, you typically get that weak point so you will see them more often in those same locations. As the norm, we are just trying to come up with a strategic plan as far as how we will handle these in the future. It’s been a bit of a challenge. We have had lots of trucks stuck in roads and lots of blowouts so we are trying to move forward and prepare it the best we can in the short term,” continued Weber.
As these problems persist, the lifting of M.D. road bans was a struggle for public works staff. While the idea of lifting them earlier crossed Weber’s mind, there wasn’t an ideal time to do that, so they remained in effect for a longer stretch of time.
“Every time I (thought) about lifting them, I (got) a call about a truck stuck in a road somewhere else in a spot I didn’t know about.”
Council carried a motion to accept the report as information.
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The way a space feels is just as important as the way it looks. Interiors expert Katherine Sorrell reveals how an imaginative use of different surfaces can make an impact in your home.
Colours and patterns may be the first things you notice when you walk into a room, but spend any time in it and the textures become increasingly important. Not only is the right surface in the right area a functional necessity, but an appreciation of texture also enables us to relate to our surroundings in a direct and sensual way, making us feel comfortably and securely at home. Textures, in short, bring a room to life and make a house a home.
Underpinning every design scheme, textures relate to just about every aspect of a room, from size and lighting to colour schemes and style. Consider this aspect of room design as layering one texture with another (floor, walls, upholstery and window treatments are the basics), then adding touches of one or two more (cushions, lamps, vases, rugs and so on). At first the concept may sound challenging, but it will soon come entirely naturally.
Start with key areas – upholstery or loose covers in a fabric that’s neither so shiny and slippery that you slide off it the moment you sit down, nor so rough that it’s uncomfortable and snags instantly. Curtains that draw easily, worktops that are tough and durable, floorboards that can be cleaned easily. If you wanted to bring out the cosiness of a small bedroom, say, you could combine a fluffy rug, matt-painted walls, velvet curtains and chintzy quilts. Or, to emphasise a bright and airy living room, the main features might be varnished floorboards, glossy white woodwork, sheer curtains and glass or chrome lamp bases. The aim is to achieve pleasing contrasts rather than clashes, so avoid too many unusual, eye-catching textures in one space.
Texture has an important part to play in the overall style of a room. Modern rooms tend to feature harder, shinier surfaces, whereas a vintage or ethnic look is more rustic and varied in texture. You only have to think of the contrast between a contemporary room that features lots of stainless steel, chrome and mirror, with a more nostalgic room that contains quilts, knitting, embroidery and lace, to understand how important texture is in setting a scene.
Using understated colour schemes and simple patterns allows textures to speak for themselves. This is where a palette of neutrals comes to the fore – just think of the beautiful, natural hues of sisal, shell, stone or wicker. A dash of brightness may add a focal point, but the subtlety is in the surfaces themselves. Lastly, remember that good lighting shows off textures to their best advantage. Try to pick out interesting features and highlight them with uplighters, spotlights
or angled lamps placed appropriately.
Once you have grasped the basic principles of using texture, you can incorporate all sorts of different elements: distressed or varnished wood, woven willow, worn stone, foxed mirror, distressed leather, fake fur, buttons, raffia and crochet, to name but a few. Textural possibilities are endless and, with just a little effort, you can achieve a look that is individual, intriguing and truly remarkable.
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Building muscle is often associated with lifting heavy weights in the gym. Muscular people are often seen benching barbells and curling dumbbells, sweating under the artificial lights of the nearest commercial gym. However, you can build muscle at home and without any weights, using only your body as resistance. Better still, you only really need three bodyweight exercises to achieve full-body definition.
I often recommend dumbbells and especially adjustable dumbbells when people ask me which is the best home weight to build muscle and lose weight at home. I still stand by this statement; using small free weights is the most convenient way to progress in your muscle-building journey.
That said, you shouldn’t think that it’s impossible to build a definition using nothing but your bodyweight. In fact, there is a form of strength training consisting of a variety of movements that utilise your body as the primary and only source of resistance: callisthenics.
And while callisthenics is often associated with moves such as the human flag or muscle-ups, any strength exercise you can perform without external weights can be considered callisthenics. These include the three movements I’ll recommend today: push-ups, pull-ups and squats.
Doing just these three bodyweight exercises (and their variations) will build muscle over time, sometimes even faster than if you were using weights. Can these exercises provide a full-body workout? They can. Read on to find out how.
Three essential exercises to build muscle
In-depth: how to master squats
Rep range: 10-30
Muscles worked: buttocks, thighs, groin, hip flexors, core and calves
I often recommend deadlifts as the best and only exercise to do to build full-body strength, but the truth is, squats are equally – if not more – as efficient in building muscle and power.
Better still, squats work the biggest muscles in your body (buttocks and thighs) so doing squats burn heap-loads of calories – great for weight loss. Once you get comfortable doing regular squats, you can switch things up by doing split squats and pistol squats, when you load one leg only.
A couple of tips to keep in mind: keep your spine neutral by looking straight ahead and only go as deep as you comfortably can; otherwise, you’ll put too much strain on your knees. Make sure you plant your feet before starting the movement; wearing proper workout shoes can help with traction.
In-depth: how to master push-ups
Rep range: 8-20
Muscles worked: chest, shoulders, triceps, core
If I could only do one exercise for the rest of my life, I think I’d choose push-ups and their variations. The pull-up is the ultimate upper body exercise that builds definition in all the right areas, mainly the arms and the pecs.
But being an awesome exercise it is, push-ups also strengthen your core, your shoulders and even the smaller muscles on your back, just under the armpit. Basically, most muscles visible on your upper body from the front are worked by push-ups.
If you can’t do push-ups, focus on two areas: your triceps and your core. Triceps dips are a good place to start building strength in your upper arm, and planks are excellent for increasing core power.
3. Pull ups
In-depth: how to master pull-ups
Rep range: 4-12
Muscles worked: latissimus dorsi (largest upper back muscle), trapezius (muscles connecting your neck and shoulders), thoracic erector spinae (muscles supporting the top and middle section of the spine), biceps, core
We worked the lower body and the front of the upper body; it’s time to strengthen the back. And when it comes to bodyweight-only exercises for your back, nothing beats pull-ups, the ultimate back-building movement.
Pull-ups are not easy to perform, but they will help strengthen the back in all the right areas and even help build bigger arms. For those struggling to do pull-ups, I recommend watching the above video and working on the biceps and lats by doing inverted rows and resistance band pull-ups.
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Airbnb is one of the many businesses in the travel industry that has been hit hard by the coronavirus pandemic. In March 2017 Airbnb was valued at $31 billion. By the end of April 2020 it was worth $18 billion.
At the beginning of May, the company was forced to lay off 25% of its staff, nearly 1,900 individuals. CEO Brian Chesky told employees that its 2020 revenue will be less than half of what the company earned in 2019.
Airbnb was founded in 2008 by three friends from college, who started with their own apartment as the first listing. The company grew quickly and today has more than 7 million listings worldwide. In January 2020, Airbnb saw 50.2 million website visits. Airbnb’s competition VRBO saw 14.7 million site visits in the same month, according to data from SimilarWeb.
But the global pandemic is proving to be Airbnb’s biggest challenge yet. The company is struggling with cancelations and reimbursements after Airbnb announced it would be refunding customers whose reservations fell within a certain timeframe. This angered many hosts, who were stuck having to pay back most, if not all, of the cost of the rental. And while social distancing measures were in place, some local governments deemed short-term rentals as non-essential businesses, adding more stress to hosts who rely on Airbnb for income.
Many guests were also frustrated by the way Airbnb handled refund requests. On March 14th, Airbnb announced an extenuating circumstances policy that superseded the cancelation policy set by Airbnb hosts. If a guest booked a trip on or before March 14th, with check-in dates between March 14, 2020 and April 14, 2020, that guest was allowed to cancel eligible trips without penalty. The policy was extended to allow guests with reservations up until May 31st, and then again to June 15th, to be eligible for either an Airbnb credit or – the more selective option – a full cash refund. But it was more difficult for many guests, and some will never get their refunds.
It was speculated that Airbnb would go public in 2020, but that goal is growing more and more distant. With the threat of more cancelations as the pandemic cripples the travel industry, guests, hosts and investors alike are left asking what Airbnb will look like after the novel coronavirus pandemic, or whether the company will survive at all.
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Sierra Norte de Sevilla Natural Park, located in the north of the province of Seville, is a protected natural area that was declared a natural park in 1989. The Park covers 177,484 hectares, spanning over the municipalities of Alanís, Almadén de la Plata, Cazalla de la Sierra, Constantina, Guadalcanal, El Real de la Jara, El Pedroso, La Puebla de los Infantes, Las Navas de la Concepción and San Nicolás del Puerto, all in Seville’s Sierra Morena region.
These low mountains are part of the Sierra Morena, which runs over more than 400 km from west to east. Heights range between 260 and 968 m, with a landscape dominated by holm and cork oak meadows and riparian vegetation along the few rivers that run north to south towards the River Guadalquivir.
The Sierra Norte de Sevilla Natural Park joined the European Geoparks Network in September 2011.
The geological, archaeological and mining wealth and vast size of the geopark have enabled the identification of multiple Points of Geological Interest and several short to medium distance Geotourism Routes.
Areas and spaces to be highlighted in the Natural Park are:
Other protection status and awards given to this space include:
The vegetation in Seville’s Sierra Morena is adapted to the dry, hot summers and mild winters typical of the Mediterranean climate. The two most prominent species are holm oak and cork oak. There is a lush gall oak forest in Constantina. It is also the only place in the province with a Pyrenean oak. The Park also boasts a stunning landscape of meadows dotted with holm, cork and gall oaks.
Vast swaths of vegetation are populated with wild boar and deer, the most representative large herbivorous mammal in the Iberian Peninsula. As for carnivores, it is known that lynx occurs in the area; however, the population must be very small. Other more abundant elusive species include fox, genet, polecat, badger, mongoose, wildcat and otter.
There are also areas where black vultures, large eagles and black storks can be seen, as well as bustards, black-bellied sandgrouse and kestrels, black wheatears and blue rock thrush.
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Will the Euro Survive the Current Crisis?
CAMBRIDGE – The European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the euro are about to celebrate their tenth anniversary. The euro was introduced without serious problems and has since functioned well, with the European Central Bank delivering the low inflation that is its sole mandate.
But the current economic crisis may provide a severe test of the euro’s ability to survive in more troubled times. While the crisis could strengthen the institutions provided by the EMU, it could also create multiple risks, of which member countries need to be aware if they want to avoid them.
The primary problem is that conditions in individual EMU members may develop in such different ways that some national political leaders could be tempted to conclude that their countries would be better served by adopting a mix of policies different from that of the other members. The current differences in the interest rates of euro-zone government bonds show that the financial markets regard a break-up as a real possibility. Ten-year government bonds in Greece and Ireland, for example, now pay nearly a full percentage point above the rate on comparable German bonds, and Italy’s rate is almost as high.
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The Transform Technology Summits start October 13th with Low-Code/No Code: Enabling Enterprise Agility. Register now!
New commercial robots are changing what’s possible in the physical world. They are tackling increasingly complex tasks beyond early uses such as manufacturing assembly lines and material handling in warehouses.
For example, ABB’s PixelPaint uses a pair of high-precision robotic arms to make car painting faster and more customizable. Adidas’s STRUNG is a textile-industry-first robot that uses athlete data to make perfectly fitting shoes. And this year, the world has watched in fascination as NASA’s one-ton rover Perseverance and tiny helicopter Ingenuity explored Mars.
Artificial intelligence and other advances will accelerate robots’ ability to sense and adapt to their environment. Robotics companies are eagerly developing new machines with ever more impressive functionality. Many are built on the Robot Operating System (ROS), which is the de-facto open-source framework for robot application development. (My company chairs the initiative’s security group.)
So the robot future is coming. But robot developers must not lose sight of a critical priority: security.
Robots are far more capable if connected to the internet. That allows them to work with other robots and access enterprise IT systems and the cloud so they can process and learn from huge amounts of remotely stored data. Connectivity also provides agility for quick bug patching or system reconfiguration.
But even if placed behind a firewall, inadequately secured robots may not be safe. We’ve already seen malware that breaches isolated networks — for instance, the Stuxnet malware attack. But that occurred more than 10 years ago. Today’s malware is far more effective. If the malware has a hold on a network and a robot is the unpatched, unsecured link in the chain, the robot will open the door to attackers.
The bottom line: We need to acknowledge that robots are vulnerable to cyberattacks. Imagine the damage that could be done if a hacker was able to maliciously hijack and control robots being used in, say, a healthcare setting.
I worry that many companies, in their focus on development, are paying too little attention to crucial security questions as they approach production.
With competition in the market heating up — worldwide spending on robotics is forecast to reach $210 billion by 2025, more than double the 2020 total — companies will be increasingly tempted to ship quickly without rigorously hardening the machines against attack. That could expose them to vulnerabilities such as hard-coded credentials, unencrypted development keys, no update path, and various security weaknesses.
Another issue is complexity. Enabling security techniques such as full disk encryption, cgroups, AppArmor, and SECcomp is challenging. Someone has to configure those and set up the security policy. Robots are already complex enough. They’re built by mechanics and electronics engineers, and these arcane security technologies aren’t in their wheelhouse.
The tech industry was also late in focusing on Internet of Things (IoT) security. Too many devices were shipped with weak password protection, an ineffective path and update system, and other flaws. Intrusions into smart devices and networks still continue.
The security fates of IoT and robotics are actually intertwined as the Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) emerges as a paradigm for combining intelligent sensors that monitor events happening around them with robots so they can receive more information to do their work.
We can’t allow history to repeat itself. Just as the industry has come to realize that the IoT is an attack surface that must be safeguarded as carefully as any other enterprise system, we must ensure security is a high priority in robotics deployment. But how exactly?
A big step involves the Robot Operating System. ROS to this point hasn’t been built with security in mind, but there’s a big opportunity to change that.
Because ROS isn’t merely software but an international community of engineers, developers, and academics dedicated to making robots better, the robotics field can tap into an enormous pool of talent to optimize security.
The community can identify vulnerabilities and report them, contribute hardening measures, follow and propose secure design principles, and apply recommendations from cybersecurity frameworks. Open source robotics will become as secure as the community wants it to be.
Regulations could be helpful too. Innovation-driven regulation, based on the collective views and needs of developers and users, could help accelerate the development of open source robotics security. For example, a law on the books in the U.S., the IoT Cybersecurity Improvement Act, and a similar initiative in the U.K. should be expanded to address robotics security.
The use of robots in many industries will continue to grow in the coming years. It’s unacceptable not to make security a top priority. Let’s learn from the mistakes of IoT and get it done.
Gabriel Aguiar Noury is robotics and smart displays product manager at Canonical, the publisher of Ubuntu.
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Source: Read Full Article
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Authorities in Dubai urged strict adherence to coronavirus safety guidelines as residents gear up to celebrate Halloween, Diwali and other festivals.
Officials of Dubai’s Supreme Committee of Crisis and Disaster Management said residents should follow the precautionary measures that are in place to limit the spread of Covid-19.
Those celebrating should avoid crowded places, maintain social distancing and wear face masks.
The elderly and people with underlying health conditions should not attend social events and gatherings.
Event organisers have been asked to adhere to the rules to avoid penalties.
Last week, the government said parties of up to 30 could meet for weddings in private homes but this does not apply to barbecues and private gatherings.
On Wednesday, the UAE recorded 1,400 Covid-19 cases, bringing the total number of cases to 129,024.
A further 2,189 patients beat the virus as the recovery tally climbed to 124,647.
The UAE has conducted more than 12.7 million tests since the outbreak began as part of a mass screening strategy aimed at identifying infections early to limit the spread of the pathogen.
The number of active cases across the country fell to 3,892, due to a recent trend of recoveries exceeding new cases.
Case numbers have remained above 1,000 for all but two days of October, including a record-high of 1,578 on October 22.
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Intellectual property (IP) refers to the creations of the mind, such as inventions (patents); literary and artistic works (copyright); new product designs (industrial designs); and brand-names, symbols, or logos used to distinguish products and services from one undertaking from another (trade marks).
IP is a powerful tool for individuals and enterprises to help control their property rights. Ireland has in place a strong legal framework and intellectual property system that offers IP right holders the opportunity to be rewarded for their creativity and innovation and enabling society at large and the economy to benefit from their achievements.
Formal IP rights include patents, trade marks and industrial designs so called because they can be registered. Copyright is a different type of intellectual property relating to creations of the mind and is seen in everyday life in creative works such as books, films, music, art and software, as well as in more mundane objects such as cars, computers and medicines. Other types of informal IP rights include Plant Variety Rights, Geographical Indications of Origin, Trade Secrets and Topographies of Integrated circuits. For further information please see other IP Rights.
The Intellectual Property Unit of the Department is responsible for Ireland’s policy and legislation on IP that reflects developments in intellectual property policy and practice domestically, at EU level and in terms of international obligations to which Ireland is committed through various international agreements.
The Intellectual Property Office of Ireland is responsible for the granting of patents; the registration of industrial designs and trade marks; and has certain functions in relation to copyright and related rights.
What’s current in Intellectual Property
European Commission public consultation on compulsory licensing of intellectual property rights
The European Commission has launched a public consultation on compulsory licensing of intellectual property rights.
Compulsory licensing allows a government to authorise the use of a patented product without the consent of the patent holder in specific circumstances. Currently, legislation on compulsory licensing of patents is fragmented; EU countries regulate their own compulsory licensing schemes which can result in legal uncertainty for both right holders and users of intellectual property rights. As highlighted in the call for evidence published in April, compulsory licensing has a role to play in tackling crises as it can help provide access to key products and technologies.
The European Commission invites interested parties to express their views on how to build a more efficient and coordinated compulsory licensing scheme in the EU, to improve harmonization at EU level and improve Europe’s resilience in managing crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
The consultation is available at Intellectual property – revised framework for compulsory licensing of patents (europa.eu).
The deadline for submissions is 28 September 2022.
Public consultation on proposal for a regulation on geographical indication protection for craft and industrial products and amending Regulations (EU) 2017/1001 and (EU) 2019/1753 and Council Decision (EU) 2019/1754
The Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment is seeking the views of stakeholders and interested parties on the proposal for a regulation on geographical indication protection for craft and industrial products, published by the European Commission on 13 April 2022.
Public consultation on proposal for a regulation on geographical indication protection for craft and industrial products
EUIPO Observatory launch Pan-European Media Awareness Campaign – June 2022
To coincide with World Anti-Counterfeiting Day on 8 June, the EUIPO Observatory has launched its annual Pan-European media awareness campaign. The campaign will run in tandem with the publication of the latest 2022 update of the IP Youth Scoreboard, which provides an update on IP infringement behaviours of 15-24 year olds across the EU.
Information on the campaign and all supporting material is available on the Observatory website: IP Youth scoreboard (europa.eu)
European Commission (DG Trade) public consultation on intellectual property protection and enforcement in third countries
The European Commission (DG Trade) has launched a public consultation on intellectual property protection and enforcement in third countries. The consultation aims to identify third countries for which IPR protection and enforcement is a cause for concern, as well as to update the European Commission’s list of ‘priority countries’. The results of this consultation will also enable rights holders to gain awareness of potential risks to their IP when engaging in business activities in the priority countries and thus allow them to design business strategies and operations to protect their IP rights.
Contributions to this consultation are open until 12 August 2022 at State of intellectual property in third countries (europa.eu).
Geographical indications for craft and industrial products
The European Commission’s proposal for a Regulation on Geographical Indications for craft and industrial products was adopted on 13 April 2022.
The proposed Regulation proposes the establishment of a EU-wide protection framework for geographical indications of craft and industrial products to offer protection to products such as Murano glass, Donegal tweed, Porcelaine de Limoges, Solingen cutlery and Boleslawiec pottery. The proposal aims to enable producers to protect craft and industrial products and their traditional know-how in Europe and beyond. The goal is to make it easier for consumers to recognise the quality of such products and make more informed choices. The proposal also aims to help to promote, attract and retain skills and jobs in Europe’s regions, contributing to their economic development and to ensure that traditional craft and industrial products are finally put on an equal footing with protected geographical indications that already exist in the agricultural area.
For more information, visit Geographical indications for craft and industrial products (europa.eu).
EU measures to safeguard protection of intellectual property in Ukraine
The European Commission and the European Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) worked together to define a first set of measures to safeguard protection of intellectual property in Ukraine. In agreement with the Commission, the EUIPO has adopted the following measures: the EUIPO will safeguard Ukrainian intellectual property rights in the European Union by providing full support to Ukrainian customers while the current situation prevents normal communication. Also, the EUIPO will suspend all technical cooperation with the Russian and Belorussian intellectual property offices, including the Eurasian Patent Organisation (EAPO). Finally, EUIPO will ensure that intellectual property rights originating from Crimea are not falsely registered as coming from Russia.
EUIPO statement on Ukraine (9 March 2022): EUIPO statement on Ukraine (europa.eu)
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The Getty Conservation Institute announced today (22 January) that it had completed nearly a decade of work on the Tomb of King Tutankhamen with the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities, leaving it in a condition in which it will be able to stand up to future visitors.
Central to the conservation effort was a study of the 3,300-year-old Egyptian tomb’s famed wall paintings, which are marred by brown spots that conservators feared might be growing. But as previously reported, scientists blew up some photographs that were taken in the 1920s after the burial site was discovered by the British archaeologist Howard Carter and determined that the darkened areas had not budged.
DNA tests and chemical analysis indicated that the spots were microbiological in origin but dead and no longer a threat, the institute adds. The spots have penetrated the paint layer and therefore could not be removed because that would have damaged the paintings, which depict Tutankhamen’s life and death.
Most of the tomb’s treasures were removed in the decade following its discovery. Today it houses only a few objects including the mummy of Tutankhamen, a sarcophagus and a gilded wooden coffin.
When the joint conservation initiative began in 2009, the Egyptian authorities were concerned not only about brown spots, but also scratches and abrasions on the wall paintings in areas where visitors have access and film crews have passed through with cables, lights and other equipment. Dust tracked in on visitors’ shoes and clothing had settled on the walls, dulling the brilliance of the wall paintings. And visitors were causing humidity to spike, another source of stress for the paintings.
The project involved the most intensive study of the tomb’s condition since Carter discovered it in 1922. The team included an Egyptologist to conduct background research, environmental engineers to test the tomb’s microclimatic conditions, microbiologists to study the brown spots, architects and designers to upgrade the infrastructure, scientists to study the composition of the wall paintings and conservators to treat the walls.
After an intense period of study, conservators treated areas of minor flaking on the paintings with adhesives to attach the particles, says Lori Wong, a project specialist with the Getty Conservation Institute who specialises in wall paintings. “These paintings are over 3,000 years old, and given their age, the condition is quite good,” she says, particularly when compared with those in other tombs in the Luxor region. “We did not do any repainting or restoration. Everything that’s visible in the tomb is original.”
But the biggest impact of the conservation effort was installing infrastructure like a ventilation and filtration system to limit humidity and dust in 2015, she says. “Visitors can release a lot of moisture,” she says. “These environmental conditions were far more serious than the flaking.”
After the ventilation and filtration systems were installed, conservators gently cleaned the wall paintings to eliminate the dust, some of which was embedded in the surface. Egyptian conservators had used biocide treatments with an adhesive over the years to kill any microorganisms on the paintings, resulting in shiny areas; the Getty team reduced the adhesive so the shininess disappeared.
The old viewing platform at the entrance to the burial chamber was replaced with a narrower one so that visitors could no longer touch the wall paintings. But the replacement extends further into the chamber, allowing an improved vantage point. New signs on the tomb’s modern history remind visitors of the impact that their presence has on their surroundings. And after a period of experimentation, the conservators recommended a limit of 20 visitors at a time who can stay for no more than 10 minutes, according to Wong.
The tomb remained open for much of the project, enabling visitors to pose questions as the conservators worked. “You’re basically on view for the entire day,” Wong says. “We often engaged with people. It was interesting to see what they were taking away from their visit.”
During the period of detailed study, the team also gained some insights into how the wall paintings were made, encountering some surprises, Wong says. Even though the burial room is quite small, a slightly different technique was used for painting each of its four walls, possibly suggesting that different artisans were at work.
On one wall, a preparatory ground layer of paint was omitted. A snap technique, dipping a string into paint and then pulling it taut and applying it into the wall to make a straight line, was noted on three of the four walls; on the remaining wall, lines are incised into the plaster. “For us this was an interesting discovery because one would assume that when you’re painting just one room, that all the walls would have a similar technique used,” Wong says. “The fact that we were seeing these differences was quite striking.”
Tutankhamen is thought to have died when he was was 19. Egyptologists have long theorised that he was buried in a tomb that was not originally intended for him, she says. “The inconsistencies that we're seeing in technique could mean that they were hurrying to prepare an existing tomb” for his burial, she adds.
The anomalies suggest that further study is needed of Egyptian painting techniques at other burial sites, Wong says. “A lot of projects are more focused on the iconography of the paintings rather than how they were made,” she says. “There’s probably a lot we don’t know about Egyptian painting technology."
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That’s a good point and a common question. Changing an accent is not entirely about other people, it is mostly about the person’s ability to communicate effortlessly and be understood when they speak. If I go to France and speak French in a British accent without pronouncing the R the way the French do, they will struggle to understand me and constantly ask me to repeat myself. In return this will diminish my confidence and reduce the amount of times I speak to people. I have experienced this myself when I had to break out of the Somali-English accent I adopted from my parents. I was butchering the English language by pronouncing all P as B (because the Somali language doesn’t have the letter P). I also had to change my accent when I studied Arabic because speaking Arabic in an English accent was once again butchering the Arabic language and even changing the meaning of what I was saying. I have actually written a blog post on this that you can find here.
I speak in 3 different accents and I love it. When I speak English, I sound like a native English speaker, when I speak Somali I sound like a native Somali speaker, when I speak Arabic I sound like a native Arabic speaker. Every language in the world is special and beautiful and I strongly believe that by adopting the accent that language is spoken in, is to honour it and sound beautiful when speaking it. I’d love to know what you think.
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US national security adviser Jake Sullivan has allayed Israeli government concerns about the two countries’ differing views on Iran’s nuclear program, according to media reports.
One report quoted four senior Israeli officials who participated in Sullivan’s recent visit to Israel. They said the US national security adviser demonstrated the Biden administration’s willingness to take a tougher stance on Iran if necessary and to consider Israel’s positions on the issue.
US ideas on future scenarios for the Vienna negotiations, which Sullivan presented to Israeli officials, reportedly made no reference to a military option. I believe in the legitimacy of this proposal for obvious reasons. To begin with, President Joe Biden completely avoids talking about US military involvement in conflicts that are closely tied to US strategic interests.
Consider specific examples, such as the ongoing US strategic ambiguity in the defense of Taiwan. Although Biden has reaffirmed his country’s determination to defend Taiwan in the event of a Chinese invasion, all indications are that the US commitment to defend Taiwan is limited to only providing the country with the weapons necessary for its self-defense.
The question of direct US military intervention to protect Taiwan remains uncertain and is deliberately kept under layers of ambiguity by Washington. US defense secretary Lloyd Austin was more unequivocal when he said the US remains committed to supporting Taiwan’s ability to defend itself.
As for the second most important crisis, concerns about a Russian invasion of Ukraine, Biden categorically ruled out sending US troops to defend Ukraine in the event of a Russian attack. That step is not on the table now, he said, only threatening Moscow with unprecedented sanctions.
The US could increase its military presence in NATO countries close to Russia and provide defense assistance to Ukraine. All told, Biden has already completely ruled out new military conflicts, albeit on a limited scale. The key is to find diplomatic solutions to crises.
He relies on the impact of sanctions when diplomatic efforts fail. This is partly for domestic political reasons, but also to do with his own orientations and persuasions. This is certainly not surprising to Israeli politicians, who have met with Sullivan and reportedly discussed three possible Iran nuclear agreement scenarios.
Sullivan expected that an agreement could be reached in the coming weeks, although this is reportedly unlikely. Alternatively, it could be an interim “freeze-for-freeze” agreement, such as a freeze on sanctions in exchange for a freeze on Iran’s nuclear program. Otherwise, failure of negotiations would result in fresh US sanctions being imposed.
I gather that the timing of the visit is not unrelated to what is happening in Vienna. That is, there are aspects that suggest that the administration is seeking consensus with its Israeli ally.
This could mean that the White House is trying to reach a comprehensive agreement with Israel on how to deal with Iran’s nuclear program in order to establish a good basis for pitching an agreement reached in Vienna to the American public, politicians and media. This does not necessarily mean that such an agreement is within reach.
But it does mean that the administration is trying to coordinate with its Israeli ally on the next step, whether negotiations fail or succeed. Appeasing and reassuring Israel is important to avoid unilateral Israeli military action against Iran, and it supports the White House’s ability to break the deadlock on the Iranian nuclear issue with as little political loss as possible.
On the other hand, the development of a common understanding or strategy between Israel and the US in dealing with the Iranian nuclear challenge is in Tehran’s interest. It provides a strong brake that will limit any Israeli attempt to strike Iran’s nuclear facilities. This could encourage Iranian negotiators to push even harder in Vienna for the maximum possible US concessions.
The writer is a UAE political analyst and former Federal National Council candidate.
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What is the Average Cost of Getting Drains Cleaned by an Expert?
The national average drain cleaning cost is $206.
Typically, it can cost you anything between $127 and $285, with the lower end being about $80 and the higher end at about $520.
However, remember that the final cost will depend on the severity of the clog.
Types of Drain Cleaning and the Costs Associated
You’re probably aware that the blockages range in severity – from limiting the speed of the draining water to completely blocking the water from going down the drain.
Usually, treating the blockage at the very beginning and on your own may take up an hour of your time at most and cost you the price of a bottle of drain cleaner or a plunger. So it would be somewhere in the range of around $20.
But the longer you wait to clean the drains, the more clogged they will become and it may be necessary for you to hire a plumber to take care of them. Plumbers usually charge an hourly rate and the cost varies by region, but it will probably be between $45 and $150.
That being said, the total cost to hire a professional plumber depends on the amount of work involved. But you can expect to pay around $127 to $285 for labor and parts, at an average of $201.
Small jobs can cost as little as $81 and severe blockages can set you back by at least $500.
Here’s a breakdown of what it can cost you if you attempt a DIY approach vs calling in a professional to do the task.
||Hire a Professional
|Cleaning a tub or sink drain
||Cost of common ingredients like baking soda, vinegar or salt
||$109 to $214
|Cleaning a toilet
||$8 to $40 for a household snake tool
||$109 to $273
|Cleaning a main line
||$29 to $70 to rent an industrial snake
||$100 to $800
While the DIY methods may sound cheap and doable, remember you’ll be dealing with foul smelling and extremely unhygienic sewer water.
So unless you really know what you’re doing, it’s best to call in the experts.
Factors that Affect Drain Cleaning Cost
You also need to know that the cost to hire a local plumbing company near you depends on a number of factors as below:
- Regional and seasonal price
- Severity of the blockage
- Number of clogs
- Cause of the blockage
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The INESC team was out at Leixões in the first week of May to test the newly acquired sensors that have been added to the Slocum. The Slocum Glider G2 is an unmanned underwater vehicle, capable of diving to 1000 m water depth using a buoyancy engine which is capable of altering the buoyancy of the vehicle.
The “captain” of the sea trials was Jorge Barbosa, who was accompanied by glider pilots Nuno Abreu and Eduardo Almeida.
The sensors that were tested, were the:
SBE PUMPED CTD SENSOR – conductivity, salinity and density,
ECO Triplet FLBBCD-SLC – fluorescence/Chlorophyll-a
AANDERAA OPTODE 4831 – dissolved oxygen
The launch and recovery procedures were tested successfully from the bow of INESC’s rigid inflatable boat (a first…!). They were also able to perform pre-launch tests (readings from internal sensors to make sure everything is working properly). Iridium communications (satellite) between the glider and the server back at the INESC lab facilities were also successfully completed.
These trials was performed in sheltered waters inside the harbour, and the team intends to test the equipment out at sea as soon as conditions are favourable.
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BENSALEM, Pa. - A little boy’s wish to become a construction worker came true Friday.
Nicholas Esposito, 4, from Conshohocken, was diagnosed with Neuroblastoma at a young age. He went through several rounds of chemo at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and is currently doing well.
He loves all things construction and is fascinated by the machinery, the dirt, and the digging.
From his hospital room, Nicholas watched the new Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania building being constructed during his 16 months of treatment.
On Friday, he had a blast riding in a dump truck, laying bricks and mortar. He even learned how to work a backhoe.
The day was made possible with the help of EDA contractors and the Make-A-Wish Foundation.
DOWNLOAD: FOX 29 NEWS APP
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I CHRONICLES 13:9-14: “And when they came to Chidon’s threshing floor, Uzza put out his hand to hold the ark, for the oxen stumbled. Then the anger of the Lord was aroused against Uzza, and He struck him because he put his hand to the ark; and he died there before God. And David became angry because of the Lord’s outbreak against Uzza; therefore that place is called Perez Uzza to this day. David was afraid of God that day, saying, “How can I bring the ark of God to me?” So David would not move the ark with him into the City of David, but took it aside into the house of Obed-Edom the Gittite. The ark of God remained with the family of Obed-Edom in his house three months. And the Lord blessed the house of Obed-Edom and all that he had.” NKJV
OBSERVATION: How do I approach God? This is the question that rushes to my heart as I read this account of the death of Uzza. David and Israel’s celebration of bringing the Ark of the Covenant back to Jerusalem was shockingly interrupted. Uzza died as he reached out to steady the Ark as the cart moved because the oxen that were pulling it stumbled.
David was both angry and afraid to go on with his endeavor. He said, “How can I bring the ark of God to me?” What had gone wrong? Why was the Lord so angry? David simply could not understand it. So the entire procession stopped at the house of Obed-Edom. David returned to Jerusalem with a lot of questions. The text does not reveal it but I do not doubt that David began to pour over the Scriptures seeking God’s wisdom and understanding. (See I Chronicles 15:1-13)
I think this event is not only a historical account of a worship service gone bad, but it is also a reminder to the New Testament church. We cannot simply approach God in any way we want to. We must approach God in spirit and in truth. Worship is a matter of both the heart and obedience to the Word of God. When our worship is not based on the Word of God then it is not acceptable to the Lord. We merely become sounding brass and clanging cymbals.
This is evident in Paul’s teaching to the Corinthians. They had reveled in the gifts of the spirit and their worship celebrations had become a mixture of spiritual and emotional imbalance and excess. Their celebration of the Lord’s Supper had become a time of sectarianism and drunkenness. Paul rebukes them strongly when he writes,
- “For he who eats and drinks in an unworthy manner eats and drinks judgment to himself, not discerning the Lord’s body. For this reason many are weak and sick among you, and many sleep.” I Corinthians 11:29-30 NKJV
God is holy and we must approach Him as such. The Ark of the Covenant was the symbol of God’s very presence among the children of Israel. It was kept in the Most Holy Place in the Tabernacle and was not to be handled by anyone other than the Levites. David had erroneously placed it on a cart. This was not in accordance with the instructions God gave to Moses. The Ark was to be carried by poles upon the shoulders of the Levites.
The celebration of Communion, the Lord’s Supper, is the symbol of the holiest event in the life of a Christian. It is a remembrance and a proclamation of the victory over sin and death through the sacrifice of Jesus Christ on the cross. It is not something to be neglected, nor is it something to be treated lightly. The Corinthians had turned it into a drunken party. They had not discerned the holiness of the moment. And, like Uzza, many of them bore the result of their actions.
What application does this have to the modern church? Is God just waiting to punish us if we do not follow some strict code of practice? If we are tempted to think this we miss the whole point of these two examples. It was not God who was at fault in both instances, it was Israel and the church. When the Ark was left at the home of Obed-Edom for three months, God blessed Obed-Edom and his entire household. God is always desiring to bless His children but we must never forget that He is Holy!
Much of today’s worship is man-centric. It focuses on the blessings that God has given us and neglects to worship His nature and holiness. Jesus becomes our friend, our buddy, and we forget that He is our Sovereign and Holy Lord. We picture Him walking barefoot on the beach and forget to see Him as He revealed Himself to John in the book of Revelation.
- “His head and hair were white like wool, as white as snow, and His eyes like a flame of fire; His feet were like fine brass, as if refined in a furnace, and His voice as the sound of many waters; He had in His right hand seven stars, out of His mouth went a sharp two-edged sword, and His countenance was like the sun shining in its strength. And when I saw Him, I fell at His feet as dead. But He laid His right hand on me, saying to me, “Do not be afraid; I am the First and the Last. I am He who lives, and was dead, and behold, I am alive forevermore. Amen. And I have the keys of Hades and of Death.” Revelation 1:14-18 NKJV
The wonder of John’s revelation is that it combines both the holiness of God and the love and mercy of God. When we forget these two balancing truths our worship becomes imbalanced and man-centered. Jesus is no longer walking on the beach. Jesus is the risen Lord, the Holy One, the all-powerful victor over sin and death. And, the wonder of this is that when John fell to His feet in humility and worship, Jesus laid His hand upon John and said – “Do not be afraid!”
When we learn to approach God in spirit and truth we encounter both the holiness of God and the love of God. We are laid before Him in humble adoration and we are lifted by Him in grace and mercy. Our eyes are turned from earth toward heaven. Our desires are transformed from self to others. We see the Kingdom of God and we begin to live in its provision. We cannot simply sing – “I am a friend of God…”, we must also sing Holy, Holy, Holy!
As we begin to approach the Lord in spirit and in truth we will enter into the blessings that He so freely wants to give us as His children. When God corrected Uzza it was not to punish Israel. It was to keep Israel from a pathway that would ultimately lead them away from true worship. When God corrected the Corinthians it was to keep them from leaving the only source of true life – the cross of Jesus Christ. And, when God corrects us it is so we can enter into the blessings of life that He desires to give us in Jesus Christ.
Lord, help me to approach You in spirit and in truth. Keep me from legalism where I try to control my worship and from excesses of emotional and imbalanced expressions where I miss Your holiness. Give me a heart that desires to worship You in the spirit of holiness and truth. May I come boldly to Your throne of Grace – but never forget that the only reason I can do so is because of the holy sacrifice of Jesus Christ my Lord.
In Jesus’ Name!
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Margaret Atwood is a Canadian novelist, poet, and essayist. She is best known for her novels, in which she creates strong, often enigmatic, women characters and excels in telling open-ended stories, while dissecting contemporary urban life and sexual politics. She is among the most-honored authors of fiction in recent history. In addition to the Arthur C. Clark Award-winning "The Handmaid’s Tale," her novels include "Cat’s Eye," which was shortlisted for the Booker Prize, "Alias Grace," which won the Giller Prize in Canada and the Premio Mondello in Italy, and "The Blind Assassin," winner of the 2000 Booker Prize. "Oryx and Crake" was shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize in 2003. She was awarded the Prince of Asturias Prize for Literature in 2008. Her most recent novel is "The Year of the Flood."
The problem with speculative fiction is what might be called "the tour of the garbage disposal plant," in which somone says to the visiting character, “Well in your day, you did this terribly inefficient thing, but now we have this wonderful garbage disposal plant.”
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NATURAL SOAP WITH AMBER & 24K GOLD
- Dry skin
- All skin types
Gold was always on the most wanted list of humans. Pirates have hunted it. Monarchs have exploited it. Jewelers have sold it. But where did gold come from? Research by the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics suggests that the Earth’s supply of gold originated from collisions of dead stars and has been present in the dust from which the Solar System formed. Because the Earth was molten when it was formed, almost all of the gold present in the early Earth is thought to have sunk into the planetary core. Therefore, most of the gold that is in the Earth’s crust and mantle is thought to have been delivered to Earth later, by asteroid impacts, about 4 billion years ago.
Amber is wrapped in even more mysterious stories. Since people learned to use amber, which happened more than 8000 years ago, attempts have been made many times to unravel the mystery of its origin. Both scientific works and folklore have come up with versions that have rarely met halfway.
Some researchers were, for example, convinced that amber was hardened oil, others tended to consider amber as fossilised honey of wild bees. Hypotheses were also put forward that amber was sea-foam that had hardened under the influence of sunbeams; amber was considered to be a product of vital functions of forest ants, solidified “sun ether”, mountain oil, earth mineral fertiliser and so on.
Ancient peoples endowed amber itself with supernatural qualities. Some primitive tribes used articles from amber in their magic rites. Amber amulets were worn as protection from diseases and against being killed in a battle. People believed that amber “pulled out” a disease from the body and attracted good luck. It was believed that amber adornments averted misfortune, guarded against the evil eye, brought luck in love, and made a man stronger and cleverer.
Apart from exaggeration, amber undoubtedly has a positive impact on the nervous system, its sunny colour is pleasant to see, and touching its warm smooth surface is not only enjoyable but it helps one to concentrate. Its properties bring multiple benefits to the body. Amber oil isused to clean the pores, has anti-aging properties and stimulates cell renewall. It is capable of improving elasticity and manage skin conditions.
The sophisticated perfume of ROYAL GARDEN natural soap is like a late summer walk through an exotic garden filled with blossiming flowers of delicate bitter-fresh neroli, enchanting top notes of sweet orange, touched by a pale undetrone of cedarwood. The golden hour before the sunset warms up the dominant, sweet and musky breeze of luxurious amber.
“We are stardust,
We are golden
And we’ve got to get ourselves
Back to the garden.”
– Joni Mitchell
- Covered in a 24-karat gold foil, ”Royal Garden” brings liquid colloidal gold as its main ingredient to help your skin look beautiful, young and healthy.
- Contains oils that protect and nourish the skin. They help the skin form a protective shield that is proven to be effective against premature aging.
- Amber essential oil, whose benefits have been known from ancient times, acts as a biostimulant and antiaging for the skin cells.
- It cleans the skin very gently, leaving a luxurious, warm fragrance imbued with precious essential oils of amber, neroli, sweet orange and cedar.
INGREDIENTS: olive oil, coconut oil, shea butter, thermal water, colloidal gold, argan oil, seabuckthorn oil, neroli essential oil, sweet orange essential oil, cedar essential oil, amber essential oil, 24K gold foil
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Statistics from Altmetric.com
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The term ‘last known well’ (LKW) is ingrained in the culture of stroke treatment. There are good reasons for this. Successful acute thrombolytic trials used LKW as an entry criterion to prove the efficacy of IV thrombolysis.1 ,2 Based on the results of those trials, treatment of acute stroke with IV thrombolysis is a class 1 recommendation for patients presenting with acute stroke symptoms within 3–4.5 h of LKW.3 Few vascular neurologists will recommend IV thrombolysis for patients outside the time window established by LKW, and hence this term represents a crucial time metric for thrombolytic therapy and is here to stay.
Patient entry into the successful randomized trials of mechanical thrombectomy in all cases also included a (varying) criterion for LKW.4–8 Hence, the class 1, level of evidence A recommendation for mechanical thrombectomy also includes a time of onset metric, based on a time of LKW of 6 h.9
One problem with LKW is that it assumes the worst case scenario—for example, that a patient's stroke started the minute the last person to see them left the room. Although this may be a necessary assumption, it is a potentially detrimental assumption for patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO). Consider two identical twins, over 18 years of age, who both had an onset of symptoms from a middle cerebral artery embolus at 13:00, and were both discovered 30 min later at 13:30. One was last seen normal at 7:00, and one was last seen normal at 10:00. They are both transported by the emergency medical services and both arrive at the emergency department at 14:00 (they are both just 1 h into their stroke). In many hospitals across the country, one of these patients will receive an acute evaluation and consideration for mechanical thrombectomy (the one LKW 4 h ago), and …
Contributors Both authors have contributed materially to the creation of the manuscript.
Competing interests DVH: consultant, Stryker; investigator payments, Penumbra. JCG: grant support, American Heart Association, Genentech; consultant, Frazer Medical, Stryker.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; internally peer reviewed.
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It isn’t just the profound afterglow of the Women’s March on Washington, though that has certainly rekindled my ardor. My love affair with demonstrations started long before that incredible Saturday in Washington. It began when I was so young I had to beg my parents to let me go to peace rallies, and I look back on their tolerance now with awe and gratefulness. Virtually none of my friends’ parents would let a young teenager board a bus alone at 4:00 a.m. to set off for the wilds of D.C.
But of course, when you’re in love, even at an extremely tender age, you can be extremely persuasive. Roughly the same age as Shakespeare’s Juliet, I made my arguments, if not with her eloquence, at least with equal ferocity. As much as other schoolgirls longed to date the slightly rough guy from the wrong side of town, I dreamed of being among thousands of upstarts, all of whom were much older than I, waving banners and chanting slogans.
I loved the feeling of solidarity I found at demonstrations, a sense of belonging stunningly absent from my days spent in a suburban high school. I was a lonely girl in Massapequa Park, nothing to keep me warm at night but my plastic transistor radio under the covers, turned to WBAI, which would report on the sit-ins and teach-ins occurring in New York City, seemingly a million miles away.
Sometimes I could indulge my obsession remotely. I begged my dad, who worked in the city, to bring me a copy of an album called something like Songs of the Selma Montgomery March, which he found at the Colony Records store in the famous Brill Building on Broadway. Like a letter from a faraway boyfriend, these songs, playing endlessly on the little record player I had in my room, made me feel as if I was part of something exciting, something new and real.
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Local workers - Field of qualification - All industries
Field of Qualification presents the primary field of study for the highest qualification the person has received. While this is likely to have some relationship to the current occupation, this is not necessarily the case.
The field of study relates to a number of factors, such as:
- The age of the workforce;
- The type of qualification required to enter an industry;
- The availability of jobs related to fields of qualification in Willoughby City;
- The types of occupations which are available in an area or industry.
The fields of qualification held by local workers in a particular industry are likely to show the type of skills required in that industry. Large numbers of a particular field of qualification in an industry may indicate that it is a pre-requisite for that industry. The presence of fields of qualification outside the main range of qualifications used in that industry may indicate that the industry values employees of a broad educational background, or that people haven't been able to find employment in their chosen field.
Field of Qualification information should be looked at in conjunction with Level of qualification and Occupation data for a clearer picture of the skills available for the local workers in Willoughby City.
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) – Census 2011 (experimental imputed) & 2016 – by place of work
|Local workers field of qualification - Summary|
|Willoughby City - All industries||2016||2011||Change|
|Field of qualification (Click rows to view sub-categories)||Number||%||New South Wales||Number||%||New South Wales||2011 - 2016|
|Natural and Physical Sciences||1,816||3.05||2.10||1,532||2.92||1.96||+284|
|Engineering and Related Technologies||6,039||10.15||10.38||5,636||10.74||10.80||+403|
|Architecture and Building||1,892||3.18||4.35||1,752||3.34||4.04||+140|
|Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies||448||0.75||1.53||460||0.87||1.51||-12|
|Management and Commerce||12,712||21.38||17.09||10,194||19.43||15.52||+2,518|
|Society and Culture||4,821||8.10||8.77||4,113||7.84||7.61||+708|
|Food, Hospitality and Personal Services||1,444||2.42||3.32||1,330||2.53||3.22||+114|
|Mixed Field Programmes||64||0.10||0.10||24||0.04||0.05||+40|
|Not stated or inadequately described||1,381||2.32||2.69||1,576||3.00||3.49||-195|
Analysis of the fields of qualifications of the All industries shows that the three largest fields of qualification were:
- Management and Commerce (12,712 people or 21.4%)
- Health (6,545 people or 11.0%)
- Engineering and Related Technologies (6,039 people or 10.2%)
In combination these three fields accounted for 25,296 people in total or42.5% of All industries.
In comparison, New South Wales employed 17.1% in Management and Commerce; 7.1% in Health and 10.4% in Engineering and Related Technologies.
The major differences between the fields of qualifications of the workforce in Willoughby City and New South Wales were:
- A larger percentage of local workers qualified in the field of Management and Commerce (21.4% compared to 17.1%)
- A larger percentage of local workers qualified in the field of Health (11.0% compared to 7.1%)
- A larger percentage of local workers qualified in the field of Creative Arts (5.7% compared to 3.1%)
- A smaller percentage of local workers qualified in the field of Education (3.4% compared to 5.4%)
The largest changes in fields of qualifications of the total workforce in Willoughby City between 2011 and 2016 were:
- Management and Commerce (+2,518.00 local workers)
- Health (+1,355.00 local workers)
- Society and Culture (+708.00 local workers)
- Creative Arts (+583.00 local workers)
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Regulator Ends Debt Ratio Standard for Mortgage Approvals – Orange County Register
From the earliest days of mortgage approval standards, you had to do the math first and foremost.
Did your total home payment and recurring monthly bills divided by your total monthly income stay at or below a specific debt-to-income ratio, or DTI?
If your numbers were verified, you were one step closer to loan approval and home ownership. Otherwise, no home for you.
In response to the mortgage crisis of 2007-2010, when spurious standards reigned, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (actually the mortgage policy) switched to a universal, regulated underwriting standard called Qualified Mortgage, or QM.
It required lenders to make reasonable, good faith decisions based on verified documents that the borrower had the capacity to pay off that mortgage.
The big new line in the sand for lenders was a maximum debt-to-income ratio of 43% for all loans except Fannie, Freddie, FHA, and VA.
Lenders who do not comply could be held liable to consumers for damages, including full loan cancellation. The CFPB did not want lenders to provide loans to unqualified borrowers. Lenders paid a high price if they did.
But on December 10, the CFPB published a new general quality management final rule removing the 43% cap.
Under the new rule, creditors must take into account the consumer’s DTI ratio, residual income or assets other than home value and debts. Creditors can mix and match underwriting rules from Fannie, Freddie, FHA, or VA.
In fact, lenders can do just about anything as long as they document what they are doing, have written policies, and are prepared to defend their repayment capacity. Fannie and Freddie loans are still exempt.
Most importantly, the office’s new litmus test is price. A mortgage is QM Safe Harbor if it is a first lien with an annual percentage rate that does not exceed the Average Prime Rate, or APOR, by more than 150 basis points. APOR is a weekly estimate based on a survey of average APR.
For example, on December 7, the PPA for a 30-year fixed rate was 2.76%. If the APR on your loan does not exceed 4.26% (2.76% plus 150 basis points), your loan will be considered a QM safe haven loan.
A second category allows the RPA to be 225 basis points above the RPA, but with a rebuttable safe harbor presumption.
We also now have a seasoned QM final rule. This largely follows the same repayment capacity rule, but it is designed for riskier and more expensive mortgages (what we currently call unqualified or exotic mortgages) that do not meet the general limits of QM APR.
To achieve safe haven status, the Seasoned QM Loan cannot have more than two 30-day late mortgage payments in the first 36 months.
This new rule emphasizes a more holistic approach to mortgage lending, especially for underserved and low-income borrowers. For example, small community banks that know their customers and their habits can make prudent decisions without being held back by excessive ratios.
Roger Fendelman, partner at Garris Horn LLP law firm, noted that the old rule prevented recent immigrants without established credit from getting a mortgage.
“If you want to try your luck with people, you can do it,” he said.
These new rules are good for consumers and lenders.
“Consumer protection remains in place,” said Guy Cecala, CEO and editor of Inside Mortgage Finance. “The CFPB had failed to achieve (its original 43% DTI rule) had such a deterrent effect on non-QM loans.
Since the original rule, only about 2% of all mortgages were non-QM, according to Cecala.
What does this mean for jumbo loan borrowers, or those who borrow over $ 822,375 in Los Angeles and Orange counties and over $ 548,250 in the Inland Empire?
“That’s good,” said Dave Stevens, retired CEO of the Mortgage Bankers Association. “It was ridiculous for richer borrowers with higher incomes (capped at 43%).”
And the risk?
To my surprise, criticism of these new rules came from a 40-year industry veteran who has worked in the exotic mortgage business.
“There’s always a higher natural risk when you go for higher DTIs,” said Joe Lydon, co-founder and managing director of LendSure, a non-QM, San Diego-based mortgage lender. “The rise in house prices due to COVID masks the imperfections. Go back to 2005. As soon as business started to increase, delinquencies increased.
(Full disclosure: My company, Mortgage Grader, is a customer of LendSure.)
Lenders can start using the general MQ final rule now. The Seasoned Quality Management Final Rule and the Final Quality Management General Rule will come into effect 60 days after publication in the Federal Register.
Freddie Mac Rate News: The 30-year rate averaged 2.67%, the 15th lowest and 4 basis points lower than last week. The 15-year fixed rate averaged 2.21%, also a record low and down 5 basis points from last week.
The Mortgage Bankers Association reported a 1.1% increase in loan application volume from the previous week.
At the end of the line : Assuming a borrower gets the 30-year average fixed rate on a compliant loan of $ 548,250, last year’s payment was $ 318 more than this week’s payment of $ 2,215.
What I see: Locally, well-qualified borrowers can obtain the following fixed rate mortgages with a cost of one point: a 30-year FHA at 2.25%, a 15-year conventional at 1.99%, a 30-year conventional at 2.375%, a 15- a conventional high balance over one year ($ 548,251 to $ 822,375) at 1.99%, a conventional high balance over 30 years at 2.5% and a jumbo over 30 years at 2, 75%.
Eye-catcher loan of the week: A high 30-year balance set at 2.75% free of charge.
Jeff Lazerson is a mortgage broker. He can be reached at 949-334-2424 or [email protected] Its website is www.mortgagegrader.com.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. -139).
|Statement||Benjamin R. Foster.|
|Series||Guides to the Mesopotamian textual record -- v. 2|
|LC Classifications||PJ3631 .F688 2007|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||xi, 147 p. ;|
|Number of Pages||147|
Sections include reading Akkadian literature today, the human experience in Akkadian literature, confronting the divine in Akkadian literature, and aspects of Akkadian literature in the Late Period; subdivided topics study royal epics and letters, fables, debates, lyrics, laments, mythology, hymns and prayers, and others. I am not a specialist of Akkadian studies, and bought this book merely out of interest. This very thick book (over pages) covers the different periods of the Akkadian history, from Old Akkadian (Archaic period) to the Late period, offering a very wide selection of texts (hymns, letters, incantations, love and mythological poems, legends, etc.).Cited by: This month I followed up with this anthology of Akkadian literature, translated from Old Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian. The book, after a general introduction, is divided into four chapters, the Archaic Period BCE, the Classical Period , the Mature Period , and the Late Period /5. I am not a specialist of Akkadian studies, and bought this book merely out of interest. This very thick book (over pages) covers the different periods of the Akkadian history, from Old Akkadian (Archaic period) to the Late period, offering a very wide selection of texts (hymns, letters, incantations, love and mythological poems, legends, etc.).5/5.
List of ancient texts Bronze Age See also: Sumerian literature, Akkadian literature, Ancient Egyptian literature, Hittite texts, Tamil literature Early Bronze Age: 3rd millennium BCE (approximate dates shown).The earliest written literature dates from about BCE (classical Sumerian). The earliest literary author known by name is Enheduanna, a Sumerian priestess and public figure dating to. Akkadian literature includes epics, myths, wisdom compositions, hymns, stories, love poetry, magic spells, and other genres, originating in the late third millennium BCE and still understood as late as the Parthian or Roman periods (anthology in Foster ; survey in Foster ).Author: Benjamin R. Foster. A Sumero-Babylonian sign list: to which is added an Assyrian sign list and a catalogue of the numerals, weights and measures used at various periods / compiled by Samuel A. B. Mercer. Akkadian Love Literature (AkkLove) is a subdivision of the Sources of Early Akkadian Literature (SEAL) project, whose adaptation to the ORACC standards is now lfcmalta.com texts included in AkkLove have been edited and discussed by Nathan Wasserman, Akkadian Love Literature of the Third and Second Millennium BCE, Leipziger Altorientalische Studien (LAOS) 4, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz,
The article reviews the book "Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature," 3rd edition, by Benjamin R. Foster. The Culture of the Babylonian Talmud (Book). Kulp, Joshua // Journal of Biblical Literature;Summer, Vol. Issue 2, p Reviews the book "The Culture of the Babylonian Talmud," by Jeffrey L. Rubenstein. Other articles where Akkadian literature is discussed: epic: In the ancient Middle East: bce, is called in Akkadian Enuma elish, after its opening words, meaning “When on high.” Its subject is not heroic but mythological. It recounts events from the beginning of the world to the establishment of the power of Marduk, the great god of Babylon. The outline of a Babylonian. Get this from a library! Before the muses: an anthology of Akkadian literature. [Benjamin R Foster;] -- "Before the Muses offers a comprehensive anthology in new English translations, of the best writing from the Mesopotamian lands of Babylonia and Assyria: myths, epics, love poetry, prophecy, hymns. About This Book ALAN LENZI This book is a pedagogical tool intended to increase reading fluency for sec-ond or third semester Akkadian students by way of annotated readings. It is equally an introduction to Akkadian prayers and hymns from ancient Mesopo-tamia: selected classes, their vocabulary and phraseology, and to some extent their ritual uses.
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- Coming 2 America film producers have disclosed the location where the movie was shot
- Turns out, they shot the film at rapper Rick Ross home in Georgia, Atlanta
- The production designer said the team was looking for an area that could help them create all those spaces that were featured in the script
- The rapper's house has 12 bedrooms and a dining room that can accommodate up to 100 people
PAY ATTENTION: A couple of years ago we started doing videos on YouTube and through your support, we have impacted millions of lives together. The money that comes to us from ads on YouTube is far from enough to even sustain the current team. Help us change more lives – support us on Patreon. There are so many untold stories that you can help us share
Coming 2 America has been getting so much buzz, and aside from the celebrities featured in the film, the Zamundan Palace has been the point of amusement for most people.
It is now confirmed that while Zamunda is a fictional place, the location of the shooting is actually hip hop rapper Rick Ross's actual home in Georgia, Atlanta.
There were people who thought that the main actual shoot was filmed somewhere in Africa.
The production settled on the rapper's gigantic, beautiful home with good green scenery. It has 12 bedrooms and a dining room that can accommodate up to 100 people.
“Our big problem was, where do we find a house that had the scale of the possibilities for a very lavish palace?'' Asked the production designer Jefferson Sage.
However, before the production team settled for the Maybach Music owner's estate, they looked at various houses within the US, but nothing was matching their desired description, until they saw the rapper's home.
The home is said to be a 45,000 square-foot mansion that occupies 235 acres of land. It previously belonged to a top-notch boxer.
According to the production designer, the entrance foyer of the house had a big two-story interior and double-winding staircase and was perfect for the film.
“Off of that, there were two beautiful big rooms with giant windows and 18-foot ceilings. We used five key spaces that we turned into Zamunda,” he added.
Among those five key spaces included the film's primary sets like the King's bedroom, the dining room and the primary bedroom which was actually the Money Bag's hit maker's own bedroom.
Rick Ross has however said that the popular film is one of his favourite adding that the initial one made in 1988 was his all-time best film.
PAY ATTENTION: Don't miss trending Kenyan news. Follow TUKO.co.ke on Twitter!
He also shared how thrilled he was to see veteran actors like Eddie Murphy and Arsenio Hall coming to his home to shoot their film.
“They changed the wallpaper in the dining room so I asked them to keep it up there, they also created that huge dining room table for a dining scene that seats 50-60 people, and they left that for me as a gift. It is humungous,'' said the rapper.
The production team used what they could find in the huge home to create a palace-like environment and it worked because the film is not only getting props for their set but also recognition for managing to recreate the story again after more than 30 years since the first release.
In similar Zamunda news, TUKO.co.ke previously shared Davido's reaction after watching himself make his acting debut on Coming 2 America movie.
Davido was all smiles in the shared video and he looked pleased with his performance in the film. The Assurance crooner described his feature in the movie as an absolute pleasure
Do you have a groundbreaking story you would like us to publish? Please reach us through email@example.com or WhatsApp: 0732482690. Contact Tuko.co.ke instantly.
Prisca Aroko is a TUKO.co.ke Entertainment Editor with five years experience in both the local and international media industry. She holds a Diploma in Broadcast Journalism from the Kenya Institute of Mass Communication. She has worked at Family Media (Kenya), written for News Deeply, New York (USA) and done Africa news analysis on Arise News (Nigeria). Aroko also has a keen interest in Human Interest stories and is passionate about feature stories that highlight or empower women. She is also a voracious reader, speaks Chinese (Mandarin), loves cooking and sampling different meals and has a huge interest in fashion. Learn more about her on Twitter @Arokoprisca.
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The Greenwood Cultural Center is the keeper of the flame for the Black Wall Street era, the events known as the 1921 Tulsa Race Riot, and the astounding resurgence of the Greenwood District in the months and years following the tragedy.
Dubbed America's "Black Wall Street" by none other than noted author and educator Booker T. Washington, the 35-block Greenwood District surrounding the corner of Greenwood Avenue and Archer Street became a prosperous center for black commerce in the early 1900s.
A hotbed for jazz and blues, and the site where Count Basie first encountered big-band jazz, the Greenwood District was the richest African-American neighborhood in North America.
All of that changed on June 1, 1921, when the events known as the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre (to date, still the single deadliest and most destructive act of racial violence and domestic terrorism in United States history) occurred.
In less than 48 hours, more than 36 square blocks were burned to the ground, with more than 200 African-Americans murdered, more than 10,000 African-American left homeless, and more than 2,000 business destroyed (including churches, hospitals, grocery stores, and others).
Amazingly, and against all odds, the Greenwood District prevailed. Without a single penny from the city, the county, the state, or the federal governments, and with every single insurance claim categorically denied, the District came back stronger than ever. In fact, less than a decade after the destruction, there more over 100 MORE active businesses in the district than there were before.
Today, the Greenwood Historical District showcases its heritage through pictorial exhibits at the Greenwood Cultural Center and the Mabel B. Little Heritage House.
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Learn the story from Bathsheba’s perspective in this work of biblical faction!
MAGNOLIA, TX, December 24, 2021 /24-7PressRelease/ — A young and devout woman is thrust into a drama she never anticipated. In a matter of weeks, she is the victim of adultery, rape and the murder of her husband in an attempt to cover-up the perpetrator’s crime. Then, her first-born son, the result of her rape, dies at seven days of age.
How can Bathsheba survive the emotional impact of these losses in her life? What would have devastated, incapacitated and made most women bitter, was the starting point of the life of one of the most infamous women in history.
As the mother of six children, grandmother of nine children and author of five books, Patty Nun has written over fifty Bible study curriculum, including the companion Bible study to “In Spite of it All”, entitled “The Bathsheba Legacy”. Patty is a licensed mental health practitioner and a licensed professional counselor, giving her a unique and valuable perspective.
An engaging book that has already received glowing reviews from readers across the US, Patty Nun inspires hope. “In Spite of it All” is written for everyone looking to find renewed faith, confidence, and courage from God and within themselves
ABOUT CLAY BRIDGES PRESS
Clay Bridges Press is a Houston-area hybrid publisher that helps authors edit, publish, and promote their books. Our team helps maximize your time, impact, and reach by connecting you with experts in the field– we exist to help authors inspire, inform, and enrich the lives of their readers. For more information on Clay Bridges, visit claybridgespress.com.
For the original version of this press release, please visit 24-7PressRelease.com here
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Very similar to Camallanus worms are Roundworms. These nematodes produce the same symptoms as Camallanus, but they don’t protrude out the anus of the fish. These are thus rarely diagnosed in fish. These can be suspected if one is getting a lot of unexplained deaths.
How To Use:
Absolute Aqua-Vet Round Worm+ Is an effective medication when used to target treat a pacific Parasite species. Absolute Aqua-Vet Round Worm+ works by dissolving the digestive system and paralysing the mouthparts of the worm resulting in its death. Absolute Aqua-Vet Round Worm+ Is safe to use with water plants and will not harm the filter bacteria
Treat on days 1, 8 & 15 shake bag to decompact medication before Measuring.
Add 10g per 100gal (454L) water.
Turn off Ultraviolet sterilisers then add the correct amount of medication to a watering can with 2L of pond water & distribute contents evenly across the surface of the pond. Safe to turn Ultraviolet sterilisers back on after day 30.
When using with river type species such as Orfe, Rudd & Sturgeon ensure extra oxygen is provided. Always wear protective gloves when handling chemicals.
Do Not Overdose or use any other treatments for 7 days after use.
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https://shirleyaquatics.co.uk/product/round-worm-treatment/
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Over time, the scent of freshly cut grass will go away completely. It is not required to take any particular precautions if you are patient and willing to put up with the scent for between four and seven days, as described above. If the weather remains reasonably cool and dry, the manure will dry up pretty fast, and the stench may not be as strong as it otherwise would be.
It has a high concentration of nutrients,’ and it is used in place of artificial fertilizer to aid in the growth of plants. According to him, it isn’t a major concern. It normally fades gone in a day or two,’ says the doctor. For those who have relocated next to a farm to feel at home in the country, all it takes is a little bit of understanding from them.
- 1 Is the smell of manure dangerous?
- 2 How long does manure take to decompose?
- 3 Does new mulch smell like manure?
- 4 How do you get rid of the smell of manure?
- 5 Does manure smell in soil go away?
- 6 Is the smell of manure harmful?
- 7 How do you get rid of manure smell in potting soil?
- 8 How do you keep horse manure from smelling?
- 9 How do you neutralize the smell of fertilizer?
- 10 How long does manure last in soil?
- 11 How long does manure smell last in mulch?
- 12 Why does my soil smell like poop?
- 13 Can smelling fertilizer make you sick?
- 14 What is the fastest way to break down manure?
- 15 Is cow manure good for your lungs?
- 16 What does rotting soil smell like?
- 17 How can I make my dirt smell better?
- 18 Can house plants smell?
Is the smell of manure dangerous?
Almost everyone acknowledges that the smell of manure is unpleasant; however, classifying the odor as harmful is another matter completely. Despite this, the description is correct. If the gasses that generate the odor are in sufficiently high concentrations, they are hazardous and can cause health concerns in both humans and animals, including asphyxiation.
How long does manure take to decompose?
Manure, either alone or in combination with straw, will disintegrate quickly on its own. 2. Supervision and administration. Manure that has been stacked and left to decay will decompose gradually. If the circumstances are optimal, this process might take three to four months.
Does new mulch smell like manure?
The new mulch has a strong odor of manure! I laid down some mulch (6 yards of it) last week, and the mulch had a heavy stench of manure to it, and it still does. Trying to get rid of the stink, I watered it down today and it seems to help a bit, but is there anything I can do?
How do you get rid of the smell of manure?
By keeping germs from forming in manure, you may lessen the scents that emanate from it.To limit bacterial development, methods such as using disinfectants to kill bacteria, adding lime to manure to improve the pH, and keeping manure dry are employed.In order to entirely prevent germs from developing, it is necessary to use antibiotics.Manure is simply too tasty of a meal for them to pass up on.
Does manure smell in soil go away?
The bagged material was either fresh manure (which was unusual) or anaerobic manure (which was also unusual) (pretty common). When the aroma is exposed to air, it will evaporate very quickly.
Is the smell of manure harmful?
Among the consequences of manure breakdown, hydrogen sulfide is often regarded as the most hazardous.. It has a distinct rotten egg smell to it and is significantly heavier than normal air. After inhaling this gas for a short period of time, your sense of smell becomes exhausted, and you are unable to perceive any odors anymore.
How do you get rid of manure smell in potting soil?
Hold off on watering the plant until the earth is completely dry. Once you have resumed watering, make sure to simply water enough to keep the soil moist, not soggy. You may need to repot the plant in order to rescue it if the dirt smell continues to remain.
How do you keep horse manure from smelling?
Remove manure from stables and paddocks and place it in a proper storage location (locate away from neighbors as well) If you’re planning to store manure, consider using a cover (tarp, straw, etc.) or a covered dry stack storage facility.If done correctly, composting can aid in the reduction of smells.Fly control — decreasing stink will aid in the maintenance of pleasant neighbor relations.
How do you neutralize the smell of fertilizer?
One good alternative is to employ a sort of non-synthetic absorbant material such as attaplugite or zeolite, which are both natural absorbant materials. When it comes to minimizing the quantity of NH3 that is released into the air, these materials are quite effective – and NH3 is typically one of the primary culprits responsible for the foul odor.
How long does manure last in soil?
Manure that has been stacked and left to decay will decompose gradually. If the circumstances are optimal, this process might take three to four months. If the starting material has a high carbon:nitrogen ratio, it may take a year or longer to complete (as is the case when manure contains wood chips).
How long does manure smell last in mulch?
The stench of manure in fresh mulch normally lasts for 3–14 days after the mulch has been applied, depending on the weather.Mulch should be applied in a 3-inch (7.5 cm) layer to help it to lose its manure smell as early as possible.Mulch that is moist or damp will keep the scent of manure for a longer period of time.To get rid of the scent as fast as possible, spread your mulch out on a sheet.
Why does my soil smell like poop?
Bagged soil that smells like manure or sewage waste may include manure or sewage waste. As with any sewage-based or biosolids product, there may be pollutants present that make it unwise to use in vegetable garden soil. The heavy metal accumulation properties of some leafy vegetables allow them to absorb some of these hazardous chemicals from their environment.
Can smelling fertilizer make you sick?
People and dogs can be poisoned if they inhale or consume plant fertilizers that have been improperly applied. It is possible that touching the fertilizer could cause skin irritation, and that swallowing it will be harmful. Nitrates are the poisonous components that are responsible for the poisoning.
What is the fastest way to break down manure?
Additionally, include other materials such as grass clippings, fruit and vegetable scraps, and shredded newspaper or sawdust to counteract excessive amounts of nitrogen-rich manure. Include large quantities of carbon-rich straw or wood chip bedding, as well as dried leaves, shredded newspaper or sawdust to balance large quantities of carbon-rich straw or wood chip bedding.
Is cow manure good for your lungs?
The immune system has been shown to be triggered by the inhalation of bacterial cell wall components known as ‘endotoxins,’ which become airborne when cow dung or dog feces dries up and becomes airborne. Exposure to cow dung may explain why dairy farmers have far lower risks of lung cancer than the general population, despite the fact that they smoke.
What does rotting soil smell like?
According to the USDA, soil that smells rotten, such as ammonia, is an indication of poor drainage or a lack of oxygen in the soil. After that, gently touch some with your hands. It should be easy to crumble. If the soil is compacted, it hinders water from being utilized properly throughout the plant system..
How can I make my dirt smell better?
When mulch emits an ammonia-like odor, tilling in leaf litter, straw, hay, wood chips, and even shredded cardboard will help to gradually resolve the problem. Additionally, sterilizing the soil has been shown to be effective in removing the bacteria that are responsible for generating the odor as a result of their consumption of the excess nitrogen in the soil.
Can house plants smell?
It is possible that your indoor plants are receiving excessive moisture if they have a stale water scent to their leaves and flowers. This can result in an unpleasant musty stench, increase the likelihood of fungal development, induce root rot, and even shorten the life of houseplants if not done properly.
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OMIA 001071-9913 : Wilson disease in Bos taurus
In other species: dog , domestic cat , pig , sheep Possibly relevant human trait(s) and/or gene(s)s (MIM numbers): 277900 (trait) , 606882 (gene) Mendelian trait/disorder: unknown Considered a defect: yes Cross-species summary: A disorder of copper metabolism, due to a deficiency of ceruloplasmin, which forms a complex with copper. The excess copper is deposited in the brain (causing mental retardation) or the liver (causing jaundice and cirrhosis).
Note: the references are listed in reverse chronological order (from the most recent year to the earliest year), and alphabetically by first author within a year.
|1995||Wada, Y., Kajiwara, W., Kato, K. :|
|Wilsons disease-like lesion in a calf Veterinary Pathology 32:538-539, 1995. Pubmed reference: 8578646.|
|1987||Howell, J.M., Wiener, G., Gawthorne, J.M. :|
|The genetics of copper metabolism in animals and man :45-61, 1987.|
- Created by Frank Nicholas on 06 Sep 2005
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Today is White Ribbon Day. Men are actively campaigning and committing themselves to this statement:
I pledge never to commit, condone, or remain silent about men’s violence against women in all its forms.
Restoring Dignity is a great resource for religious and non-religious people who want to learn more. It looks at different traditions and teachings.
Myth: Violence against women is religiously sanctioned.
FACT: No faith condones violence against women or the degradation of women’s dignity.
“Ever since I was a wee boy in the playground I’ve hated violence. Violence against anyone. But I’m particularly opposed to violence against women: It’s the action of a coward. I’m dead against it.” Brian Cox, Actor (from White Ribbon Campaign)
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The ability to pay for goods using a mobile phone is set to make a huge impact on commerce, both online and offline, writes LAURA O’BRIEN. Gartner research estimates that there will be over 141.1m worldwide mobile payment users in 2011, a 38.2pc leap from 2010.
Mobile payment volume is expected to hit a total of US$86.1bn, up from 75pc from last year.
Online payments firm PayPal has already seen the benefits of mobile commerce, experiencing strong growth within its mobile payments business.
“Three years ago we did about US$25 million of payment volume via mobile. Two years ago that was US$141 million, last year was US$750 million, and this year we expect to do over US$3 billion,” said Louise Phelan, vice president of Global Customer Solutions & EU Merchant Services at PayPal.
“That growth is coming from broader adoption in the consumer base, and it’s moving very quickly into a mainstream consumer audience doing mobile payments. Increasing smartphone penetration is one driver, but also people trying it out and becoming familiar and comfortable with the process.”
There are several models for mobile payments, such as NFC, where a customer swipes their mobile phone over a terminal in store to make an instant purchase. There are also mobile app and web solutions for secure payments.
Another method is the ability to make small payments charged to a customer’s mobile carrier bill, as BoxPAY provides.
Micro-transactions via mobile
“The reason we do that is because we’re aiming at what we call ‘microtransactions’ – anything less than the US$25 mark for mobile games, apps, downloads and content,” said Gavin McConnon, co-founder of BoxPAY.
“At that price, the user really wants a quick transaction and they don’t want to go through the process of entering a credit card number, a billing address and all the security that goes along with paying with a card,” he said.
The model is particularly useful for those without credit cards, particularly within emerging markets, where mobile phone ownership is much more common. It’s also useful to cater for growing ecommerce areas, such as mobile gaming.
“What you’ll see is with the larger game developers now is that they moving their business model from charging a lot of money for a top title game to making it free to play or freemium – in-game purchases,” said McConnon.
“They’re discovering that over the long term they make more revenue from in-game purchases than they do from selling the title as a single purchase,” he said.
The medium of payment is providing numerous new opportunities for customers in terms of choice and conveniences which Irish retailers could soon need to pick up on.
“Irish merchants will need to recognise the importance of having a ubiquitous presence,” said Phelan.
“There is no doubt that with key features such as price comparison and location based shopping being available from a mobile, shopping behaviours will change.
“Consumers can now do a price comparison with the other merchants in the locality or online while shopping for a product in a physical shop all from their mobile phone. So unless you have a mobile presence you will lose the sale to your competitor,” she said.
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Offshore Oil Drilling
Pulling the Plug on Offshore Oil
There's one thing that gives me pause on my way to work. . .
Sitting across the street is a building that has captured my attention each and every morning for the last three years. And no matter what kind of hurry I'm in, I absolutely have to take a moment to stop and admire it.
Built back in the 1940s, it's a landmark for anyone in the area. You can instantly tell it was made with care. From a distance it looks like a massive castle, turrets and all.
But as you get closer, you can see how well every nook and cranny was delicately carved out with purpose. The detail is simply amazing. And although I find some new aspect to admire whenever I walk by, I've never had the opportunity to go inside it. . . until today.
I found myself in a similar situation when I stopped to look at it early this morning. The dark clouds weren't enough of a warning, and a torrential downpour came down in a heartbeat. I quickly took refuge from the rain at the entrance and came face-to-face with the building's doorman.
Not wanting to waste an opportunity to ask, finally, whether the interior was just as stunning, I struck up a conversation with him.
Looking back, I wish I hadn't asked.
According to him, the building has deteriorated quite a bit. The plumbing was a disaster, and there was always something wrong with the pipes. For him, it felt like the walls were crumbling. During the last few years, the price to repair everything has been extremely costly.
No matter what they replace, something else falls apart.
I think some of you will be able to see a striking similarity my building has with our oil industry. . .
It's not just the oil fields that are aging; let's not discount the growing number of rigs and miles of pipelines that need to be maintained. Of course, the fact that oil prices have drastically fallen over the last 10 months doesn't give me much comfort that those expensive ventures can even be afforded.
The times, dear reader, they are a-changing.
Ten Billion Barrels Busted
When the IEA released their 2008 energy report, there were some disturbing facts that came out. One problem, specifically, is how vital a handful of fields are to our global production.
Over a quarter of the world's oil production came from just 20 giant oilfields. Don't forget that most of these fields are more than 50 years old and in decline. Overall, a little more than one hundred fields make up half of the world's total production (the remaining production is made up of approximately 70,000 oilfields).
As production at those super giant fields wanes, we're going to have to rely more on smaller fields to make up the difference. One would conclude that it's important to continue developing new areas for exploration.
Apparently that's not the case.
Last week, a federal court of appeals tossed out the Department of the Interior's 2007-2012 five-year oil and natural gas leasing plan, citing concern for the environmental impact.
My longtime readers might remember when I talked about the Department of Interior's lease plan back in 2007. As I recall, they expected their plan to generate $170 billion dollars from developing oil targets off the coasts of Alaska and the Gulf of Mexico.
Well, so much for that plan.
As you probably expected, the decision is being both hailed and condemned.
So let me ask you, "Do you think the move was justified?" Please feel free to let us know how you feel about the situation by leaving a comment below. I don't expect my readers to pull any punches on the court's decision.
The Future of Offshore Drilling
What this does mean, however, is that preventing development in these offshore waters will have a detrimental affect on our future production.
Although the effect on longterm prices is still to be determined, I wouldn't expect it to sway current oil prices. Actual production from these lease areas wouldn't have been pumped for several years.
There's another reason I'm not too worried. As I just mentioned, offshore production is playing an increasingly important part in global production. While the giant onshore fields age and decline, we're going to have to drill further and deeper than ever before—simply to make up lost production.
Like the rest of the oil industry, lower oil prices have had an effect on the offshore drillers. They certainly weren't spared the volatility. At the height of $147/bbl oil, day-rates for new contracts could reach up to half a million dollars. We can also add fewer available contracts on top of the declining day-rates.
Here's the thing. . .
Even with the court's decision to put the kibosh on the DOI's offshore lease plan, I'm still banking on the offshore drillers to pull through, especially over the next few years.
I'm not suggesting you blindly throw your hard earned money at any company, praying you hit the big one. I could just as easily torch my cash. As I've said to my readers before, hopes and dreams don't pay the bills.
Instead, I would focus my attention on which of those offshore companies have a strong fleet under contract. How much of their drilling fleet is sitting idle? Which ones have a backlog of work?
Don't think for a second that there's no money to be made in today's markets. For example, I know that most of my readers recently banked a solid 30% gain from just one of these beaten down offshore drillers.
More importantly, however, is that they're a few days away from making another move. It's not fair to my newer readers if I didn't offer you the same chance. Maybe it's time you joined their success.
Until next time,
Energy Demand will Increase 58% Over the Next 25 Years
After getting your report, you’ll begin receiving the Energy and Capital e-Letter, delivered to your inbox daily.
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Course Description: Advanced Baking & Pastry Techniques Youth Camp
Take your love of baking and pastries to a new level in this advance, hands-on youth camp. Learn advanced techniques with pie dough and fillings. Make Brioche, fruit tarts, breakfast pastries and much more. Students will use hand tools and equipment found in a bakeshop, as well as a deeper exploration of baking and pastry ingredients and their functions. Learn and practice important kitchen safety and sanitation rules, teamwork, timing and efficiency in the kitchen. For students aged 10-14. Introduction to Baking & Pastry Youth Camp is recommended.
This course contains no sessions at this time.
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Gelia T. Castillo was conferred the rank and title of National Scientist by the President of the Philippines in 1999. For most of her professional life, she was Professor of Rural Sociology at the University of the Philippines at Los Banos and was one of the first appointees to the highest rank of University Professor. She holds an A.B. (Psychology) Degree (Magna Cum Laude) from the University of the Philippines; an M.S. in Rural Sociology from Pennsylvania State University; and a Ph.D. from Cornell University.
Guided by the maxim that Science must serve a human purpose, her activities as a social scientist centered on agricultural and rural development, including health, gender, environment, poverty, inequality, capacity development; and participatory approaches to research. She has a long list of publications but the most well-known are three books: All in a Grain of Rice; Beyond Manila; and How Participatory is Participatory Development? A fourth book entitled: RICE IN OUR LIFE was released in 2006. She received the Outstanding Filipino (TOFIL) Award in 2004.
She continues to be a Consultant at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), and a Senior Research Adviser to UPWARD (Users’ Perspectives with Agricultural Research and Development), a network of Asian researchers engaged in participatory research and development.
(Photo courtesy of IRRI)
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Microbial production of steroids
Looking back, my top ten memories of notorious athletes as a baseball fan are as follows. I like to think Ivan “Pudge” Rodrigez got his nickname because of his Bhudda-like belly. Regardless, the catcher who is now entering his 21st major league season with the Washington Nationals, was a headline in Jose Canseco’s book “Juiced”, microbial production of steroids. Canseco, a former teammate of Rodriguez, says he used to “shoot-up” with his Puerto Rican teammate on the Texas Rangers. Pudge has 309 career home runs.
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Even so, steroids are highly recalcitrant to microbial degradation because. The production and export of cash crops such as coffee were advanced,. The annual production of steroid drugs exceeded 1,000,000 tons and the. 1955 · цитируется: 126 — transformation of steroids by actinobacteria: a review. Microbial conversion as a tool in the preparation of drugs. And increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines . Although exposure can occur at any point in the production process, the greatest potential for worker steroid exposure during steroid/hormonal manufacture. Цитируется: 162 — transformations of steroids in animal tissues and microorganisms. Microbes have become extremely important in the industrial synthesis of many. Steroids are a large group of organic compounds with the perhydro-1, 2-cyclopentano–phenanthrene nucleus, which consists of four fused rings. 2018 · цитируется: 55 — classification of the microbial bioprocesses for steroid synthesis described to date: (i) production of steroidal intermediates from natural. — bacterial transformation of steroid compounds has attracted increasing interest due to the biotechnological applications since. 2012 · цитируется: 396 — studies of steroid modifications catalyzed by microbial whole cells represent a well-established research area in white biotechnology. 2019 · цитируется: 1 — recently has a critical mechanism of bacterial interaction been revealed: modulation of hor- monal secretion. Surprisingly, commensal bacteria can produce The best time to take this supplement is 20 minutes before breakfast, microbial production of steroids. https://vk.com/topic-174425927_47811134
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Microbial production of steroids, buy steroids online bodybuilding supplements. This can make an anadrol-user appear like a buffalo, but once they discontinue the steroid they can resume looking ripped again, stack’d oakland.
Take anavar with primo depot injection, now thats a nice cycle. (dht) derivative, masteron is an anaboli frequency not reported : vertigo, pyrexia. 5-3 days for nandrolone phenylpropionate drug class: anabolic/androgenic steroid (for injection) average reported dosage: men 200-600mg weekly women 50-100mg. Top 10 best hardcore prohormones 2020 / 2021. The safe dosage for women is around 200mg per week with injections being done. — can npp be efficiently ran every three days?, given it has a half-life of 96-120 hours. At a dose of 300mg weekly. Often, these treatments are used if conservative care such as physical therapy, orthotic insoles, shoe modifications, stretching and cortisone injection do not. Sports car is named, when optioned with the npp performance exhaust, the 6. Harmonic, high-frequency tone from the system in the upper rev range,. — patients completing fih study and taking at least one imm-101 dose during npp only (n=3). Total frequency of the core degradation – less than 10-6 per. Rotate injection sites to prevent muscle pain, tissue damage and abscesses. Periodic use of low-dose steroids during your cycle break https://vk.com/topic-174425985_47816874
Looking for a safer, legal alternative to Steroids, hira mani. To some, the thought of bodybuilding without steroids is like a runner running without sneakers. CHAPEL HILL — New research from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill indicates that treatment with anabolic steroids may improve surgical repair of massive or recurrent tears of the shoulder’s rotator cuff tendons. Such injuries extend well beyond the world of high-performance athletes, professional and collegiate – often occurring among older weekend athletes, including tennis and golf players, sterydy sklep org opinie. When weighing up anavar’s pros and cons, it’s no doubt one of the best steroids for beginners (if you’re cutting). Legal Alternative to Dianabol, anabolic warehouse south africa. Up to $20 cheaper than sustanon 250 100% legal Doesn’t cause gyno, water retention, acne, high blood pressure, hair loss and more. Decaduro (deca durabolin) Decaduro is named after the anabolic steroid – deca durabolin, steroids olympics 2021. We want steroid users to be safe and informed. Which is why we’re compiling this article in the first place, anabol supplements. You also need to make sure there is enough potassium and sodium in your body. Clenbuterol is a potent thermogenic, what is nandrolone. It was also reported to be a favorite of a little-known bodybuilder in the 70s who went by the name of Arnold Schwarzenegger, back when it was legal, though we obviously can’t confirm this. Arnie is still regarded as one of the best pro bodybuilders to ever live, so this tells you a fair amount about Dbol already, sustanon erfahrungen. What can I do to prevent this in the future, sustanon 250 before and after. If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. Top 3 Weight loss Steroids, sustanon erfahrungen. Clenbutrol – (Our Top Pick) Anvarol – Best Anavar Alternative Winsol – Best Winstrol Alternative. Difficulty when urinating may also occur. Oily skin or acne vulgaris is possible on testosterone, due to over-stimulation of the sebaceous glands; commonly resulting in blocked pores from excessive sebum volume, circuit training.
Microbial production of steroids, stack’d oakland
Legal steroids for weight loss are simply natural weight loss supplements that are designed to look like actual illegal steroids, microbial production of steroids. The names of these products are made to sound as close to the actual drug as possible. This is achieved by changing one letter, so that Winstrol becomes Winsol. Subcutaneous testosterone injection sites The annual production of steroid drugs exceeded 1,000,000 tons and the. — bacterial transformation of steroid compounds has attracted increasing interest due to the biotechnological applications since. Not cakes 1) spawn production- 0:14 2) colonization period- 4:33 3) fruiting stage-. Microbial catabolism of phytosterol side chains yields c-19 steroids, c-22 steroids, and 17-ketosteroids (i. Even so, steroids are highly recalcitrant to microbial degradation because. 2020 · цитируется: 5 — an important step in corticosteroid synthesis , and the biotransformation has been studied since 1950s . 1956 · цитируется: 2 — information concerning the effects of steroids and related compounds on microbial 1i’0wth, or possible functions of these compounds in microbial. Com is professional production and sale of anabolic steroid raw powder ,supply top quality, purity and favourable steroid powders,we have. Species like nocardia can cause breakdown of sidechain inorder to produce. 2021 — despite this inference, some bacteria are known to produce hopanoids that are structurally similar to steroids (17). Indeed, several genes that. Steroids for the production of steroid hormones. To active compounds by simple chemical or microbial processes. 2015 · цитируется: 33 — gated microbial cholesterol catabolism at the subcellular level. Such as the industrial production of steroid drugs from inex-
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While the average person can lay in the sun for an hour without getting burnt, people with very fair skin should take precautions as they may burn within 30 minutes, says Jaliman. Quick tip: For a UV index of 0 to 2, the EPA recommends wearing sunglasses and sunscreen with SPF 30 or more.
Do I need sunscreen if UV index is 0?
A UV Index reading of 0 to 2 means low danger from the sun’s UV rays for the average person. Wear sunglasses on bright days. If you burn easily, cover up and use broad spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen. Watch out for bright surfaces, like sand, water and snow, which reflect UV and increase exposure.
Can you get sunburned with a UV index of 0?
The UV Index Scale
UV Index 0-2 means minimal danger from the sun’s UV rays for the average person. UV Index 3-5 means low risk of harm from unprotected sun exposure. UV Index 6-7 means moderate risk of harm from unprotected sun exposure. UV Index 8-10 means high risk of harm from unprotected sun exposure.
Should I wear sunscreen if UV index is 1?
Whether the UV Index is 1 or 5, you should always wear a broad spectrum sunscreen of at least SPF 30.
What UV level requires sunscreen?
The World Health Organization’s Global Solar UV Index measures UV levels on a scale from 0 (Low) to 11+ (Extreme). Sun protection is recommended when UV levels are 3 (Moderate) or higher.
Do I need sunscreen after 5pm?
To protect against damage from the sun’s rays, it is important to avoid the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when the sun’s rays are strongest; to wear protective clothing; and to use a sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher.
What month is the sun the strongest UK?
The sun is at its strongest at the time of the summer solstice, around June 21st but by early May it is as strong as in mid August and quite capable of causing sunburn, if you don’t take the right precautions.
What does a UV index of 1 mean?
The UV Index was previously reported on a scale of 0 to 10+, with 0 representing “Minimal” and 10+ representing “Very High.” As of May 2004, EPA and NWS will report the Global Solar UV Index using a scale of 1 (or “Low”) to 11 and higher (or “Extreme”).
Do you need to reapply sunscreen if you don’t go outside?
Yes, even if you spend the whole day inside, it’s a good idea to apply sunscreen because you’re still exposed to the sun’s UV radiation.
Does SPF 50 mean 50 minutes?
What does it mean when a sunscreen is SPF 50? Dr. Berson: An SPF 50 product protects you from 98% of the UVB “burning” rays that penetrate your skin. … Sunscreen can either be effective for up to 40 minutes or up to 80 minutes in water.
What factors affect UV index?
Factors affecting the UV Index, such as the sun elevation, total amount of ozone in the atmosphere, cloud cover, reflection from snow and local pollution, are also discussed. Since its introduction in 1992, the UV Index has become a widely used parameter to characterize solar UV.
What UV index is safe?
UVI 1-2 is low, which generally means it’s safe to be outdoors unprotected. Other classifications are moderate (3-5), high (6-7), very high (8-10) and extreme (11+). To some extent, the moderate to very high labels tell us little except that UV intensity is increasing.
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The UAE hopes its burgeoning relationship with Israel will "strengthen international stability", Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed, Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Co-operation, said on Tuesday.
Sheikh Abdullah was speaking alongside Israel's Foreign Minister Gabi Ashkenazi after a meeting on Tuesday as the two countries begin to forge relations following the signing of the Abraham Accords.
"Our meeting today is filled with hope," he said, adding the pair had discussed co-operation in energy and scientific research.
Both ministers said the accord heralded a new era of stability in the Middle East.
Sheikh Abdullah said that "tolerance and pluralism" must be strengthened in the region.
"Dialogue with the UAE contributes to solving regional issues," Mr Ashkenazi said.
"The peace treaty signed also contributes towards the region's stability and challenges, most notably the coronavirus pandemic."
Sheikh Abdullah affirmed the UAE's support for a two-state solution to the Israel-Palestine conflict.
German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas hosted the first face-to-face talks between Sheikh Abdullah and Mr Ashkenazi since the accord was signed at an event hosted by US President Donald Trump on the White House lawn on September 15.
Under the agreement, the UAE and Israel, and Bahrain and Israel, began to normalise ties.
Earlier on Tuesday, the three foreign ministers visited the Holocaust Memorial in central Berlin.
Wearing masks in line with coronavirus guidance, they bumped elbows in greeting before taking a tour of the memorial.
Sheikh Abdullah left a long message in the visitor book at the site, including the words "never again", a phrase used to remember the holocaust and prevent such an atrocity happening again.
"This very important place immortalises the memory of the falling of a constellation of human beings who were victims of extremism and hatred," he wrote.
Sheikh Abdullah wrote that it "advocates and at the same time emphasises noble human values that call for co-existence, tolerance, empathy, acceptance of others, and respect of all religions and beliefs.
"My country has established these values that will always remain a main driving force for its development journey."
Mr Maas said before the visit: “It is a great honour that the Israeli and Emirati foreign ministers have chosen Berlin as the location for their historic first meeting.
"We are doing everything we can to be good hosts for the dialogue between the two countries on how to shape their future bilateral relations.”
The visit comes as part of Sheikh Abdullah's tour of European capitals. after visiting French and British officials in recent days.
The accords are the first between Arab states and Israel since 1994, when Jordan became the second state to make peace with Israel.
The only other state with official ties is Egypt, having signed another US-brokered peace agreement in 1979.
The latest move was hailed by international figures as a major step that could build momentum in the stalled Palestinian-Israeli peace process and promote regional harmony.
The UAE says the deal is contingent on Israel stopping annexation of lands in the Jordan Valley and West Bank, which are crucial to the viability of a future independent Palestinian state.
Arab League chief Ahmed Aboul Gheit said last week that the deal ended the “certainty” of annexation.
“I fully understand Palestinian concerns but on the other hand, I have personally focused on a very specific point, and that’s that the UAE and the US reached an understanding that was forced upon the Israeli side to suspend the annexation of Palestinian lands," Mr Aboul Gheit said.
– Additional reporting by agencies
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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Completing a luxury drug and alcohol rehab program is a major accomplishment. Realizing that you suffer from addiction and need help to turn your life back around is something to be proud of – but going to rehab isn’t going to cure your addiction.
Addiction and alcoholism are complex diseases. In fact, the National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that the relapse rates for people with substance use disorders are comparable to those of asthma and heart disease. Between 40-60% of recovering addicts relapse in their first year after leaving treatment.
If you’re looking to stay sober after treatment, aftercare programs are available to provide the support, resources, and ongoing care you need to stay sober.
What is Addiction Treatment Aftercare?
Recovery is a process. Moreover, adjusting to life after leaving a treatment facility is challenging. Aftercare programs, however, provide the necessary ongoing support that people in recovery need when re-engaging with their family, friends, employer, and home-life. Aftercare can accomplish many things, including:
- Helping patients cope with triggers in healthy ways and avoid relapse
- Reinforcing the coping skills and positive behaviors learned during treatment
- Encouraging patients to continue living a purposeful and fulfilling life
- Helping with job placement
- Holding patients accountable in their recovery
The Importance of Aftercare
Even though your thought patterns and behaviors may change for the better during treatment, it doesn’t mean the world around you will be any different. You may be faced with triggers and obstacles that put your sobriety in jeopardy. Aftercare programs can help you stay accountable, supported, and sober after you leave rehab. There are many reasons why aftercare is important – let’s take a look at a few.
Avoid Falling into Old Behaviors
When patients are in treatment, they are shielded from outside issues. All they have to focus on is themselves and their recovery. Although recovery begins with removing the substances, triggers, and relationships that encourage substance abuse, recovery continues by learning how to cope with real-world situations without drugs and alcohol.
Without supportive, ongoing care, it can be tempting to slip back into old behaviors that once led to your addiction. Aftercare plans will provide you with accountability, counseling, resources, and peer support so you can cope with triggers, stay healthy, and prevent relapse.
Become a Part of a Community
Addiction is often said to be a disease of isolation, and isolation is a major risk factor for relapse, As a result, it is crucial to have a strong support group or community of like-minded people in your life. Leaving rehab can be scary, but aftercare programs can provide you with a place to meet other sober individuals who can help you in your recovery.
Many luxury rehab centers employ staff who are in recovery themselves, so they know exactly what you are going through. They can also connect you with local resources like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Narcotics Anonymous (NA), SMART Recovery groups, and more. It’s important to make friends with other sober people, because the rest of your friends and family may not understand your feelings or needs. However, by connecting with others in recovery, you can work hand in hand with sober individuals to avoid relapse together.
Reputable aftercare treatment programs will help you avoid negative relationships and heal broken ones. They will also teach you how to reconnect with family in healthy ways or offer family therapy.
Staying sober isn’t always easy, but longer treatment programs and ongoing care are associated with better outcomes and lower relapse rates. You worked hard in rehab and you don’t want to have to start all over again. Aftercare programs give you the best chance at success in recovery by providing you with the tools and resources needed for lasting recovery.
What to Expect From Rehab Aftercare Programs
Everyone is different, but aftercare programs are highly flexible so they can meet the needs of each individual. Your primary therapist will work with you before you leave rehab to set up an aftercare plan that meets your needs. Luxury rehab aftercare may consist of the following services:
- Sober living home referrals
- Housing assistance
- Help with continuing education
- Job training and referral services
- Group therapy
- Individual therapy
- Legal guidance and case management
- Medication management
- Financial counseling/assistance
A good aftercare program will address multiple areas of life to help support a well-rounded recovery.
How Long Do Most Aftercare Programs Last?
The length of luxury rehab aftercare programs varies greatly. Most programs last at least 30 days, but some may last as long as 6 months or even a year. As you begin establishing more independence and confidence in your recovery, your aftercare plan will taper off. The stronger you become in your ability to stay sober, the less professional care you need. Once you have completed the program, your counselor will let you know and make sure you’re prepared to leave the program.
Get Connected With a Luxury Rehab Aftercare Program Today
Participating in an aftercare plan is an important step to help you maintain your sobriety. At Rehab Luxury, we’re dedicated to helping you find a treatment program that will provide you with a full continuum of care. If you or a loved one are looking for luxury treatment or for a program to help you stay sober, pick up the phone and call one of our dedicated treatment providers today.
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return to leave the debug mode and
continue the normal execution of the script.
Leave command-line debugging mode and continue code execution normally.
To quit debug mode and return directly to the prompt without executing
any additional code use
Quit debugging mode immediately without further code execution. With no
arguments, exit the current debugging level. With argument
exit all debugging levels and return to the Octave prompt.
quit at the debug prompt will
result in Octave terminating normally.
|
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|
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| 0.698142
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Rea Carey and Mariela Castro in conversation
Tonight, at the New York Public Library, Task Force Executive Director Rea Carey, will discuss the current international context of LGBT rights, including issues of sexual identity and orientation in contemporary Cuba with Mariela Castro Espín. For more on the event titled, “LGBT Rights in Cuba, the United States and Beyond: Mariela Castro and Rea Carey in Conversation” click here.
In 2010 the Cuban government began providing sex reassignment surgery free of charge as part of their universal healthcare. This was the result of several years of work by the Cuban National Center for Sex Education under the leadership of Mariela Castro Espín, niece of Fidel Castro and daughter of current Cuban president Raúl Castro. The current developments in LGBT rights in Cuba are remarkable given the discrimination suffered by gays, lesbians, and transgender people in Cuba in the 20th century, as well as comparison with current LGBT movements in the U.S. and abroad.
Due to the popularity of the event, all available seats have been filled. However, there will be video after the event, and we’ll post the link here once it is available.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.thetaskforce.org/rea-carey-and-mariela-castro-in-conversation/
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| 0.945298
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Savate (pronounced 'Sa-vat' and also known as 'Boxe Française - Savate') is a method of fighting using the feet and hands, with a traceable history, in its present form, back to the early part of the 19th century.
During the first half of the 1800's, Charles Lecour (1808 - 94) combined English Boxing ('Boxe Anglaise') with French methods of kicking. These were taken from the old street fighting methods of 'savate' (a slang term for 'old shoe' or 'old boot'), and the more flamboyant style of 'Chausson' (the name of a sailor's deck shoe), also known as 'jeu Marseillais' (Sport Marseille).
Nowadays, Savate is made up of two inseparable parts: Savate Boxe and Savate Defence. Savate Boxe is one-on-one fighting, with rules, whilst wearing gloves (similar to Boxers), Chaussures (Savate boots), and Integrales (an all-in-one unitard / body suit). Savate Defence has no rules, however, as it is intended as a method of all-in fighting for self-defence.
- Written by Ollie Batts
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<urn:uuid:f580b130-f31b-42fb-a64e-f52c5fd499d6>
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http://www.cama.org.uk/savate_net2017/
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|
en
| 0.954747
| 276
| 2.8125
| 3
|
High-res NASA image shows 150km-wide potential 'cryovolcano' on Pluto
A stunning picture of a huge mountain, about 150 km across and 4 km high, has been released by the US space agency, captured during the New Horizons flyby of Pluto. Scientists believe it could be one of two potential ice volcanoes that once erupted molten ice from the interior of the distant world.
The highest-resolution color image of the giant mountain, informally named Wright Mons, with a wide, deep summit depression, was captured in July 2015. If it proves to be a volcano, it would be the largest such feature discovered in the outer solar system, researchers say.
Broad mountains with summit craters are found elsewhere in the solar system, such as the active shield volcano Mauna Loa (the largest volcano on Earth) or giant Olympus Mons (the youngest of the large volcanoes on Mars).
According to NASA scientists, the striking similarity of Pluto's Wright Mons and nearby Piccard Mons to large shield volcanoes suggests the two could be giant ice volcanoes, also known as cryovolcanoes.
Some details of the photograph captured by the New Horizons spacecraft have left scientists quite clueless.
“Mission scientists are intrigued by the sparse distribution of red material in the image and wonder why it is not more widespread,” NASA said.
“Also perplexing is that there is only one identified impact crater on Wright Mons itself, telling scientists that the surface, as well as some of the crust underneath, was created relatively recently.”
“This may indicate that Wright Mons was volcanically active late in Pluto’s history,” according to scientists.
Wright Mons was named by the New Horizons team in honor of the Wright brothers, the US aviation pioneers credited with inventing and building the world's first successful airplane and making the first powered, sustained and controlled airplane flight in 1903.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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|
en
| 0.959888
| 394
| 3.65625
| 4
|
Currently it is not possible under ODF v1.2. The cross-reference feature makes use of either bookmarks or reference marks as described under §6.2 (anchoring part) and §7.7.5-7.7.6 (citation part). The two methods are similar in that both offer elements for a point anchor (
<text:reference-mark>) as well as a pair of elements for a range anchor (
<text:reference-mark-end>). These destinations can then be cross-referenced by a citing element (
<text:reference-mark-ref>). The definitions all state that each is usable within the following elements:
<text:a>, <text:h>, <text:meta>, <text:meta-field>,
<text:p>, <text:ruby-base>, and <text:span>.
In the case of a cross-reference to a heading, for example, a bookmark will be used. On the other hand (because it is not possible to insert an anchoring mark directly into a frame), setting an anchor in the text adjacent to a frame (via Insert > Cross-reference… > Cross-references tab > Set reference and pointing to the named Draw object) results in a reference-mark being used. This is not ideal though and is little different to using any other type of text element (e.g., caption, heading, etc.) as a substitute anchor. In order for a cross-reference to be made to a Draw object (text box) or Text frame, ODF will first have to be extended to allow for the indicated tags to be usable within the
<draw:frame> element (which encloses the
You can drag-n-drop a Draw object entry from the Navigator to the text and create a hyperlink to the object, however this also does not appear to be working (it may be related to fdo#36310 as I indicate in my answer here). A possible partial workaround is to use a Text frame (Insert > Frame…), as that is effectively what a text box is anyway. Text frames inserted via the menu indicated are automatically numbered / named, and while they are a little more cumbersome to use, the drag-n-drop from Navigator does produce a viable hyperlink, but again, are not currently cross-referencable.
Any Extended version of ODF could be altered in the interim to incorporate the required changes, as these versions of the specification are designed to allow for temporary including of additional features.
Hyperlinks make use of the
<text:a> element rather than the cross-reference elements indicated.
|
<urn:uuid:4a36cc22-bb94-42ef-adce-a88c2db407e1>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://ask.libreoffice.org/t/how-can-i-make-a-cross-reference-to-a-text-box-using-the-name-of-the-text-box/2935/2
|
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|
en
| 0.844032
| 623
| 2.015625
| 2
|
In this case presentation, an incision was made on the nonweightbearing surface of the hallux directly over the mass in question, just long enough to allow for the isolation of the entire mass. This permitted easier identification of the mass and enabled dissection of the abnormal tissue and excision of only the tumor with a minimum of tissue trauma. Healing was uneventful and expedient largely because of the reduced tissue handling. Prior to the advent of magnetic resonance imaging, this type of preoperative detailed surgical mapping would not have been possible. Continuing improvements in magnetic resonance imaging hold great and increasing promise.
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<urn:uuid:b79aaacf-e9a8-461d-865e-fc1188055dfb>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://japmaonline.org/abstract/journals/apms/87/8/87507315-87-8-380.xml
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00264.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.936547
| 120
| 2.046875
| 2
|
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