text stringlengths 160 608k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 2 values | url stringlengths 13 2.97k | file_path stringlengths 125 140 | language stringclasses 1 value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 48 145k | score float64 1.5 5 | int_score int64 2 5 |
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Effect of Fe-Doping on the Properties of CdO Thin Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Keywords:Fe-doped CdO, Structural, Optical properties, PLD, Energy gap
Pure and iron-doped cadmium oxide ((CdO)1-xFex) thin films at different ratios were prepared using pulsed laser deposition technique. The X-ray diffraction showed a polycrystalline structure for all samples associated with cubic CdO structure. Another phase appeared at the highest ratio corresponding to the cubic Fe phase. Crystallinity was enhanced and crystalline size increased with increasing Fe ratio. AFM measurements showed that increase of Fe ratio led to an increase in the average particle diameter. In addition, the distribution of particle size became wide and of irregular behaviour, as well as increasing of the average roughness and the root-mean-square roughness. Increasing the Fe ratio caused the band gap to decrease from 2.3 eV to 2.1 eV. Hall effect measurements showed that the charge carrier concentration increased from 7.6 to 12.4 cm-3 with the increase of Fe ratio, while the mobility had the opposite behaviour, it decreased from 0.3 to 0.13 cm2/V.s as Fe content increased from 0 to 0.5 atom ratio. | <urn:uuid:4baeac82-557f-4482-942f-1a67965e3de1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ijs.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/eijs/article/view/4034 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.927602 | 305 | 1.945313 | 2 |
- Ejtaal Arabic Almanac: Lane's Lexicon, Hans Wehr, Lisan al-Arab and others
- Perseus: Lane's Lexicon (in text format)
- 2 times as verb tADl
And when you divorce women, and they have come to the end of their waiting-term, hinder them not from marrying other men if they have agreed with each other in a fair manner. This is an admonition unto every one of you who believes in God and the Last Day; it is the most virtuous [way] for you, and the cleanest. And God knows, whereas you do not know.
O YOU who have attained to faith! It is not lawful for you to [try to] become heirs to your wives [by holding onto them] against their will;* and neither shall you keep them under constraint with a view to taking away anything of what you may have given them, unless it be that they have become guilty, in an obvious manner, of immoral conduct.* And consort with your wives* in a goodly manner; for if you dislike them, it may well be that you dislike something which God might yet make a source of* abundant good. | <urn:uuid:def14b7d-f19b-48dd-b5bd-b5f810e136e4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://quranix.org/c/EDl | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.962946 | 260 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Radiator valves control the flow of water through your radiators. They are situated at the bottom, where the pipe feeds into the unit.
There are three different types of valve:
Using air temperature sensors, Thermostatic radiator valves (TRVs) automatically regulate the hot water flow. You can adjust the temperature through a series of settings from 1 (the coolest at around 10°C) to 5 (the hottest at around 23°C), or switch them off using the * setting, which will stop the radiator from heating up, but allow enough warmth to ensure the pipes can’t freeze.
A more basic version of the modern TRV, manual valves are generally found on older heating systems. Rather than being self-regulating, they operate on an open/closed basis, either allowing hot water to flow through and heat the radiator, or stopping the flow to allow the radiator to cool.
Located at the foot of your radiators, on the opposite side to the TRV or manual valve, lockshield valves are covered by a removable plastic cap and require a spanner (or similar tool) to open (turn anti-clockwise) or close them (turn clockwise). They rarely play a part in controlling heating systems anymore, due to the introduction of TRVs. | <urn:uuid:6b8a1001-7978-44c3-b7b0-97b9a5bfd1b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.homeserve.com/uk/heating/uk/heating/news/heating-news/radiator-valves/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.929378 | 277 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Keith Michael Baker and Dan Edelstein
“Is this a revolution?” Shortly after massive popular protest in Egypt on 25 January 2011 unleashed the flood of events that would sweep Hosni Mubarak from the presidency, an interviewer put this question to a principal Internet animator of the uprising, Google employee Wael Ghonim. He thought briefly before proclaiming the advent of “Revolution 2.0.”
Ghonim repeated this formulation frequently in interviews during the following days and in the fascinating memoir, Revolution 2.0, he published a year later. “Revolutions of the past have usually had charismatic leaders who were politically savvy and sometimes even military geniuses,” he concluded in this book. “Such revolutions followed what we can call the Revolution 1.0 model. But the revolution in Egypt was different: it was truly a spontaneous movement led by nothing other than the wisdom of the crowd.” This Revolution 2.0, Ghonim wanted to insist, was essentially leaderless: “no one was the hero because everyone was the hero.” It was “like an offline Wikipedia, with everyone anonymously and selflessly contributing efforts toward a common goal.1
One has to say that Ghonim’s characterization of Revolution 1.0 is as radically attenuated as the accompanying conceptualization of Revolution 2.0 is thin. But his title, and the events unleashed by the Arab Spring, invite us to think again about the longer history of the revolutionary tradition. To speak of Revolution 2.0 suggests a significant revision of an ongoing project, an upgrading of a revolutionary program through conceptual elaboration and technical innovation. Clearly, the Internet has placed an immensely more powerful technology of communication in the service of social and political change. But has the conceptualization of revolution been updated along with the technology? Has Facebook revolutionized revolution itself? To consider this question, we need to think about revolution again. This volume of essays proposes to do so by exploring the possibilities of a new historical approach to the comparative study of revolutions.
Approaching Revolution as Script
Until now, a curious division of labor has prevailed among scholars of revolution. Historians have mostly studied revolutions as distinct and separate events, leaving the comparative study of revolutions to sociologists and political scientists. Methodologically, these two approaches to revolution could hardly be more opposed. Where historians emphasize the specificity of historical context, social scientists point to comparable structural social and institutional imbalances in their analyses. Historians such as William Sewell and Martin Malia have long pointed out the flaws with the sociological analysis of comparative revolutions. But historians have been reluctant to propose an alternative method, in large part because the comparative study of revolutions requires a close familiarity with many different cultures, languages, and historical traditions.
The guiding insight of the essays in Scripting Revolution is that at least one feature of revolutions transcends these cultural differences—and this is the notion of a revolutionary “script.” Revolutions do not occur ex nihilo. Revolutionaries are extremely self-conscious of (and often highly knowledgeable about) how previous revolutions unfolded. These revolutionary scripts offer frameworks for political action. Whether they serve as models or counterexamples, they provide the outlines on which revolutionary actors can improvise. And revolutionaries, in turn, can transform the scripts they inherit. Marx rewrote the script of the French Revolution; Lenin revised Marx; Mao revised Lenin; and so on and so forth.
It is our contention that an historical approach of this kind is better suited than a sociological method to reveal the similarities (and differences) between revolutionary origins and outcomes. To advance this claim, and to address the added difficulty of navigating between different linguistic and cultural traditions, we have assembled a group of leading historians to explore how the revolutions on which they are experts modeled themselves on—or actively transformed—preexisting revolutionary scripts.
To take the notion of script in its fairly straightforward literary or dramatic sense, we might say that a script creates a situation and sets out the manner of its unfolding. It requires the setting of a scene and the characterization of those acting within it, in relationship one to another and to the situation more broadly construed. Its initial definition of the situation implies a narrative (or possible narratives) to be enacted in subsequent scenes, which in turn introduce actions and events that offer its characters choices among possible courses of action. A script, in other words, constitutes a frame within which a situation is defined and a narrative projected; the narrative, in turn, offers a series of consequent situations, subject positions, and possible moves to be enacted by the agents within that frame. Once known and enacted, the script can be replayed indefinitely; but it can also be changed, adapted, or even subverted by the introduction of new events, characters, or actions. The actors—or even the audience—can take over the stage.
In politics, as in the theater or on the screen, scripts generate events. They do so in the obvious sense that a script suggests positions to be taken, actions to be carried out, incidents to be anticipated. They do so, less obviously, in the sense that positions that have been taken, actions that have been carried out, or incidents that have occurred are necessarily configured (or reconfigured) to give them meaning within a script—or within competing scripts. They do so, further, as scripts thus become subject to interpretation or improvisation, leading to conflicts among those competing to define and enact their own claims in relation to a particular script, or to resist the characterizations forced upon them within a script imposed by others. Competition to impose a script, or to control a script that has been imposed, is a fundamental fact of politics, though perhaps never more in evidence than in a situation that has been declared revolutionary.
Extending this notion of script to the phenomenon of revolution, we might begin by postulating that all politics is about the definition of the situation. To declare that a revolution has occurred or is imminent, or that a revolution is underway; to act in the name of revolution, or to invoke its necessary logic as a form of legitimation or justification: these are ways of defining a political situation. There is, though, a very significant difference between seeing a revolution as an event—a significant change that has occurred, might be anticipated, or might even be passively experienced or undergone—or conceiving it as a dynamic and ongoing process of contestation and conflict, or as a mode of collective action directed toward the goal of radical transformation. This latter conceptualization, we think, is an invention that appeared first in France in the years following 1789. It is best described, in our judgment, as the first modern revolutionary script. Our contention is that it was elaborated in France in the years between 1789 and 1815. Thereafter, revolution became an action frame providing a repertory of situations, subject positions, political options, historical narratives, and social logics invoked and enacted, adapted and extended throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and into the twenty-first. To declare a particular collective political action a Revolution, to pronounce a particular situation revolutionary, to become oneself a revolutionary, to justify one’s deeds in the name of the Revolution, to insist upon, or impose, what the Revolution requires: these are all performatives—performances made possible (whether made successfully or not) within or upon the revolutionary script.
One methodological advantage of thinking about revolution in these terms is that it offers a middle ground between the generalizable empirical description of phenomena for which social scientists aim and the close characterization of unique actions and events in specific time and place to which historians aspire. Revolutions are neither identifiable and independent unit phenomena to be sequenced comparatively nor unique historical occurrences to be understood solely in terms of their particular time and place. One can think of them historically—and transhistorically—as variations on a script for political action and understanding invented at a particular moment and in specific circumstances, a script played and replayed, improvised upon and extended in different times and places, but nevertheless possessing a degree of narrative continuity and analytical identity.
The suggestion that the concept of “scripting” could offer a useful handle on revolutionary events was first made by one of us some years ago in an essay on the French Revolution.2 Here we propose this concept as a way to think about the comparative study of revolution. More specifically, we argue that scholars who engage in this study have largely overlooked a defining feature of revolutions and of revolutionary history—namely, the self-conscious awareness with which revolutionaries model their actions on those of revolutions past. Marx famously mocked this tendency in his 18th Brumaire of Louis Napoleon; we consider it more seriously. In fact, we argue that it offers a better approach to the comparative study of revolution than Marx’s own method, which has provided the basic framework for most of the sociological studies on this topic. We consider the problems with this framework in the following section, before examining how our own approach compares with current trends in global and intellectual history.
Against Sociological (and Deterministic) Accounts of Revolution
As noted above, the comparative history of revolutions, with a few notable exceptions (which we discuss below), has traditionally been left to sociologists and political scientists. The heyday of this social-scientific school occurred in the late 1970s, with the publication of such classics as Charles Tilly’s From Mobilization to Revolution (1978) and Theda Skocpol’s States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China (1979). Its roots, however, extend back to Crane Brinton’s 1938 The Anatomy of Revolution, and more directly to Barrington Moore’s 1966 Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy (both Skocpol and Tilly studied with Moore at Harvard). Nor has this school run out of steam, as evidenced by Jack Goldstone’s Revolution and Rebellion and Steve Pincus’s 1688: The First Modern Revolution. Pincus himself owes a great deal to Moore (to whom he pays homage in 1688), as does Jack Goldstone, one of Skocpol’s students and author of numerous works on the comparative history of revolutions.3
The basic methodological framework for this sociological approach, however, can be traced back to Marx himself. Moore had made class struggle the motor of social change, and by extension of revolution, even going so far as to adopt Marx’s concept of “bourgeois revolution.”4 Even when it sheds such explicitly Marxist categories, the sociological school remains indebted to Marx’s fundamental view that the true causes of revolutions are to be found in socioeconomic conflicts (the “infrastructure”). Skocpol herself calls attention to this problem, pointing out how “everyone who writes about social revolutions recognizes that they begin with overtly political crises,” and yet when it comes to studying these revolutions, “most theorists [. . .] tend to regard the political crises that launch revolutions as incidental triggers or as little more than epiphenomenal indicators of more fundamental contradictions or strains located in the social structure of the old regime.”5 While Skocpol makes the case for recognizing the state as independent from “socioeconomic forces and conflicts,” she ultimately views the state as a “macro-structure” as well (29), hence extending the structural analysis of revolutions to another level. It is unclear how this methodological innovation resolves the problem she identified, which is to explain how political crises can trigger revolutions. In the end, revolutions in this model still appear as fated to occur, due to structural conflicts, at either the social or state level.
Historians have long treated these sociological arguments with a strong dose of skepticism.6 The problems with the sociological method can be divided into two categories: those that concern revolutionary beginnings, and those that appear in the middle or the end.
Revolutionary beginnings. There are a number of problems with the assumption that political crises are just “incidental triggers,” to be discounted in favor of structural conflicts. To begin with, it rests on an overly schematic distinction between “good,” stable states (that is, those that do not suffer from any “fundamental contradictions”) and “bad,” unstable ones.7 Leaving aside the fact that just about every state exhibits structural imbalances of some sort, it is the teleological conclusion that sociologists draw from this distinction that is most questionable. In their view, these intrinsically unstable states are fated to succumb to revolutions, while their happy, stable neighbors sail smoothly through the choppy waters of history. Here again we may glimpse the specter of Marxism that haunts the sociological school: Marx had similarly argued that the “contradiction between the productive forces and the form of intercourse [between individuals in society] . . . necessarily on each occasion burst out in a revolution.”8
But this claim does not hold up very well to historical scrutiny. Indeed, there are plenty of counterexamples of states that exhibited “fundamental contradictions” but that muddled through all the same: think of the United States, or many Western European nations, during the Great Depression. If anything, it is often those states that should be ripe for revolution that outlast most analysts’ expectations: for instance, the USSR, the People’s Republic of China, Belarus, or many Middle Eastern and African autocracies.9 If some of these states did eventually witness revolutions, there are usually proximate causes that played important roles: perestroika, in the Soviet case, or the self-immolation of Mohammed Bouazizi, for the Tunisian Revolution.
It is this tension between proximate and indirect causes of revolution that poses a second major problem with the sociological method. In his Moore-inspired theory of revolutionary origins, for instance, Pincus claims that state-sponsored modernization projects are the true cause of revolutions, yet also acknowledges that these same projects can result in the creation of “a stable and efficient state.”10 But if the same cause can produce completely opposite effects, clearly there must be other, more proximate causes for the revolutionary outcome. And if there are other causes, why focus exclusively on modernization? Without supplying the missing links connecting a structural conflict to the outbreak of revolution, there is no obvious reason to place greater emphasis on one cause over another.
This difficulty with evaluating the different potential causes of a revolution, finally, extends to the competing sociological theories themselves. On what basis is the reader, even one sympathetic to the authors’ methodology, to decide whether, say, demographic tensions (Goldstone), intrastate conflicts (Skocpol), or risky modernization projects (Pincus) were the critical factor in bringing down a regime? Each of these structural imbalances may well have played a part; but by dismissing the causal relevance of those immediate crises that precipitate revolutions, sociologists deny us the ability to cross-evaluate their different hypotheses.11 Sociological accounts of revolutionary causes end up resembling the story of the blind men and the elephant: for one, it’s all about the trunk; for another, the belly’s the thing; for the third, the legs hold the answer.
To be sure, we do not mean to suggest that structural conflicts play no role whatsoever in the outbreak of revolutions. Without certain preconditions, no revolution is possible. But preconditions are not conditions: some human assembly is still required. It is here, we argue, that scripts come into play. When a crisis occurs, a sufficient number of individuals may decide that the time is right to enact a revolutionary script. The factors that brought about the crisis can vary from case to case: it was a financial crisis that brought France to the brink of revolution in 1789, a political one that triggered the July Revolution of 1830, and a military conflict that led to the Paris Commune of 1871. The sociological search for a “single basic process” that can explain “the periodic state breakdowns in Europe, China, and the Middle East from 1500 to 1850” is a quixotic pursuit.12 But once the crisis has occurred, and a critical mass of actors opts for a revolutionary diagnosis and revolutionary action, events tend to unfold in a very similar—even scripted—fashion.
Revolutionary middles and ends. Sociologists have not ignored these recurrent patterns in revolutionary activity, but they tend to analyze them in terms of “phases,” often modeled on emblematic revolutionary moments.13 The problem with this approach is that it conflates description with explanation. Goldstone, for instance, collapses the first five years of the French Revolution into a single “phase,” arguing that a causal chain connects the collapse of the Bourbon monarchy, the civil war, and the Terror.14 Teleology becomes his only explanatory model: the French revolutionary wars are “a natural outcome of this revolutionary struggle,” while complex historical outcomes are judged “inevitable.”15 Almost needless to say, historians would beg to differ.16
This teleological temptation seeps through a number of sociological accounts of revolution, including Moore’s.17 But simply because similar events took place in succession in multiple revolutions does not mean that they were fated to do so. Revolutions do not occur in isolation: the Russian revolutionaries, for instance, were extremely self-conscious about the history of the French Revolution, and sought to emulate (or avoid, in the case of the Napoleonic period) its path. Hence, if there was a “Terror” after the Bolsheviks seized power, it was not because, according to sociological theory, that’s when the Terror phase occurs, but rather because the Bolsheviks were consciously modeling their actions on the Jacobin script. To be sure, they faced intense opposition, which culminated in civil war, but they perceived their situation through a Jacobin lens. They moved rapidly to create a “revolutionary tribunal” to try “enemies of the people,” just as the Montagnards had; Lenin even expressed his satisfaction that a Russian Fouquier-Tinville could be found to serve as its prosecutor.18 Accordingly, Terror occurred in the French and Russian Revolutions for different reasons, but the end results bear a resemblance.
It is somewhat ironic that the dominant approach to the comparative study of revolutions should remain so indebted to Marx, given that Marx’s own followers came to abandon it in the late nineteenth century. At that time, it had become painfully apparent that the revolution, judged “inevitable” by Marx’s doctrine of historical materialism, was not just around the corner.19 “Socioeconomic forces and conflicts,” in Skocpol’s words, had failed to produce the “political crises that launch revolutions.” It was precisely this realization that led to the various revisions of Marxism, from Eduard Bernstein’s rejection of violent revolution in favor of parliamentary reform, to Lenin’s abandonment of Marx’s structural model in favor of a system of professional revolutionaries who could inculcate a “political consciousness” in the proletariat. The first successful Marxist revolution, in October 1917, was brought about by a political party that explicitly reversed Marx’s relation between historical conditions and ideology.20
Global History in a Different Key
One of the major shortcomings of the sociological approach to the study of revolutions is that it does not consider the impact that different revolutions had on each other. With the rise of interest in global history, historians are once again exploring these interrelations between revolutions—“once again,” since this was the approach pioneered by R. R. Palmer, Eric Hobsbawm, and Jacques Godechot in the 1950s and 1960s.21 To be sure, the current global historians expand the geographic scope of these earlier scholars, who focused exclusively on the European and North Atlantic theater. But they largely maintain their predecessors’ chronological focus on an “age”—1760 to 1840, in the case of the volume edited by David Armitage and Sanjay Subrahmanyam; or “the global imperial crisis of the eighteenth century,” for the essays in a recent volume on The French Revolution in Global Perspective.22
Within these chronological confines, these historians seek primarily to draw attention to the “interconnectedness” of revolutions during this period.23 They remind us that the “increasingly globalized circuits of economic exchange and worldwide geopolitical competition” determined to a large degree both foreign and domestic policies.24 Commodities, but also ideas, circulated throughout these networks, which were, moreover, multi-directional: the inward flow from the margins of empire to the capital was as determinant as the flow out.
This “synchronic” model goes some way toward explaining how revolutionary scripts circulated as well. Their circulation was truly global: the publication of Lamartine’s Histoire des Girondins in 1847, for instance, so inspired a group of Chilean revolutionaries that they each chose a nom-de-guerre from one of Lamartine’s political idols.25 And the circulation could go in many directions: as the essay by David Como in this volume informs us, the nascent seventeenth-century script of revolution in England had Spanish and southern Italian elements to it.26
There are some limits, however, to what this synchronic model can offer. In a recent review essay, David A. Bell notes how historians eager to highlight the impact of global events on the French Revolution have mostly had to content themselves with gesturing to the need for further research.27 He also points out how very difficult it can be to measure the “impact” of global affairs on national events. There is no denying, for instance, that deputies to the National Assembly paid considerable attention to colonial issues in the first year of revolution, but they paid attention to a great number of issues. It would be nearly impossible to demonstrate, and is moreover highly unlikely, that colonial issues mattered more than other red-button questions, such as the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. Accordingly, Bell concludes that “despite the best efforts of several talented historians, conditions and events in France’s own colonies . . . seem to have had little impact on metropolitan political developments.”
One reason the historians Bell discusses have found it challenging to connect French Revolutionary history with events occurring outside of metropolitan France may also have to do with the synchronic time frame they adopt. Contemporaneous events do not always have the largest impact: it sometimes takes the repeated transmission and reworking of past events to make them influential. The beheading of Charles I arguably mattered more for the French in 1792 than in 1649. Similarly, it was only after the king’s flight to Varennes (in June 1791) that French political actors and theorists became receptive to English republican arguments from the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.28
We have accordingly privileged a more “diachronic” model of revolutionary transmission, one that considers the impact of revolutions on each other over the longue durée.29 As the Catalonian and Neapolitan examples cited above indicate, many elements of what would become the modern script of revolution began to coalesce well before the “age of revolutions” might be said to have begun. Our approach challenges the logic of imposing chronological bookends on the study of revolution: on the contrary, the essays collected here underscore the importance of analyzing the continuity (and the ruptures) between, say, seventeenth-century English revolutions and the eighteenth-century American and French revolutions. They also look forward to appreciate the lasting reverberations of 1789–94 on the Bolshevik Revolution, and even in the ongoing Arab uprising.
Adding a Fourth Dimension to Intellectual History
Over the course of this longue durée, the meaning and connotations of “revolution” of course changed considerably. Far be it for us, indeed, to suggest that a revolutionary script is a “unit idea” that plows through history untouched. On the contrary, our essays call attention to the manner in which revolutionary scripts are always mutating. This perpetual transformation has not occurred uniformly in time and place: at different points in history, there have been a variety of scripts to choose from. The Spanish American revolutions of the early nineteenth century (which, for reasons of space, are not otherwise discussed in this volume) offer a striking example of how most revolutionaries sought to perform an “American” script, rather than a “French” one.30
To examine these transformations of revolutionary scripts over time, we pay particular attention to the evolving meaning of the term “revolution” itself. A considerable amount of scholarship has already charted the evolution of this term, from a general designation (usually in the plural) of political troubles, to the modern sense of a political and social transformation of a state along constitutional lines.31 The essays here draw and build on this body of work, shedding new light in particular on the seventeenth-century emergence of the term and its eighteenth-century modifications.
From a methodological point of view, this study of the changing values and connotations of the term “revolution” owes a debt to the intellectual historical approach known as Begriffsgeschichte, or “conceptual history.” Practitioners of this methodology examine how certain “basic concepts,” mostly of a political nature, become the objects of definition wars between different social groups.32 Because of this contestation, the meanings of these terms tend to vary significantly over time. Begriffsgeschichte traces these variations both synchronically (exploring the range of meanings available at a given moment) and diachronically (often over the longue durée). Not surprisingly, the historian most closely associated with the school, Reinhart Koselleck, chose “revolution” as one of the important political keywords of modernity.33
Despite our appreciation of this historiographical method, our scripting approach varies from it in one critical fashion. Koselleck and his colleagues essentially consider the meaning of political keywords to stem from different structural arrangements of other concepts. In his article on the “Historical Criteria of the Modern Concept of Revolution,” for instance, Koselleck notes how the early-modern understanding of revolution combined different concepts of time (46–47). But where he adopts an implicitly spatial metaphor, we again wish to highlight the diachronic relations between constitutive elements of revolution. To use a different metaphor (explicitly, this time), political keywords can be “scripts” in a programming sense: they entail a certain number of actions, to be executed in a certain order. Our approach therefore emphasizes how debates over the meaning of revolution take the form of competing narratives.
A View of the Essays
The volume of essays we present grew from a conference on “Scripting Revolution” organized at Stanford University in November 2011. In the year or so between the conference’s initial planning and its eventual occurrence, there came the surprise of the Arab Spring, triggering a sequence of revolutions that are still ongoing and engaging both public and scholarly interest in their nature and progress. In that context, we found colleagues more than ready to address the notion of revolution as script. Their essays do not all engage the notion in the same way or to the same degree, nor do they necessarily agree on every aspect of the still incomplete and patchy history of scripting revolution that emerges from the essays taken as a whole. We offer them as an exploration of an approach and an invitation to debate, and as an effort to reconsider the history of a form of collective political action recently thought dead but now dramatically replayed before our eyes.
Part I: Genealogies of Revolution
Our opening section takes readers to the locus classicus for discussion of the early history of modern revolutions: the seventeenth century and, more particularly, seventeenth-century Britain, with its contrasting conventional images of revolution as civil war and revolution as gloriously peaceful political change. What did it mean to speak or write of “revolution” during this period, and can it be said that meanings of the term then current allowed possibilities for imagining a script for revolution in the sense we have defined above? Tim Harris opens the discussion by emphasizing a common theme in this first section: the erroneousness of the long-accepted and still frequently repeated assumption that “revolution” derived its initial sense as a political concept from the more traditional notion of a return to a status quo ante, as exemplified by the movement of the stars. “Revolution” did not mean “Restoration” in the seventeenth century. It could describe that outcome, but only as a specific case of a more general phenomenon of change and transformation, often experienced negatively as disruption, disorder, and upheaval. “Revolution” in this sense could signify a radical and abrupt transformation of political regime occurring as an outcome of human action; but could such an outcome be instigated or planned in advance? Could there be a script for revolution in this sense?
Harris suggests two discursive possibilities to this end—and two notions frequently seen as implied in the idea of revolution—one theoretical, the other empirical. Theoretically, the right to resistance could justify action to produce political change (though there was always the counter claim that all power came from God and must be accepted as such). One might argue, however, that early-modern resistance theory still required recourse to some principle of legitimacy within the existing political order rather than validating its complete overthrow. The empirical reasoning was more straightforward: it recognized the simple fact that tyranny frequently provoked rebellion. God, in this case, could be seen to be working through human agency to overthrow tyrannical regimes. Can this be seen as a script for revolution? One could object that waiting for revolution to occur is scarcely a script for bringing it about. Locke, in effect, resorted to both the theoretical and the empirical argument, combining the right of resistance with recognition of the fact of rebellion (though he insisted that the latter usually appeared infrequently and only after “a long chain of abuses”). Did this combination thereby turn his Second Treatise into a script for revolution?
To resistance and rebellion, David Como adds a third related notion: civil war. Noting the shift in historiographical fashion that led what was once called “the English Revolution” to be renamed “the English Civil War,” Como shows that it was precisely during the upheavals of the 1640s and (more precisely) the 1650s that “revolution” became a more markedly political term in English. The usage came from abroad as expanding circuits of communication brought news of rebellion and disruption in accounts of the “revolutions” occurring most remarkably in Catalonia, Sicily, and Naples. The most notable of these accounts, that of Alessandro Giraffi, translated by the royalist James Howell in 1650 as An Exact Historie of the late Revolutions in Naples, offered a dramatic description of popular revolt forcing political change. As its translator doubtless intended, it succeeded (along with similarly entitled accounts) in provoking reflection on the stormy course of English affairs. Como shows that participants in the English political conflicts of the 1650s reached increasingly for the still fluid term “revolution” to characterize the shifts and upheavals in the events engulfing them. But they shrank from claiming full agency in producing these events; “revolution” was not yet a frame for action. “Revolutions,” for better or worse, remained the work of providence. To embrace them meant accepting a gift from God. To lament them meant acknowledging the fact of divine punishment for human fractiousness. The empirical was ultimately the theological.
In the wake of the Wars of Religion, there were strong claims to be made for absolute monarchy as the essential bulwark of peace and stability against the disorders and upheavals of civil war. But these claims could be contested on the grounds that monarchy was the cause of political instability, not its cure, and that the needs of citizens were better served by popular or republican government. The argument drew, David Armitage shows, on the Roman republican tradition celebrated by Algernon Sidney and other Commonwealthmen. Turning the Roman narrative to other purposes, Sidney saw the history of monarchy in England as an endless succession of civil wars. Thomas Paine saw the same, going so far as to include the Glorious Revolution in this category. So, indeed, did Edmund Burke, though in an entirely different register. In this strain of thinking, Armitage posits, the modern script for revolution may simply have absorbed the older notion of civil war and rebranded it successfully.
Part II: Writing the Modern Revolutionary Script
The appearance of this modern script provides the topic for our second section. In its opening essay, Keith Michael Baker argues that “revolution” was slow to acquire its modern meaning as an action category. He draws on evidence offered by digitized databases to show the continued dominance of the seventeenth-century meanings of the term in English, French, and American usage. In the conventional eighteenth-century lexicon, he argues, “revolutions” still happened; they were not yet thought of as consciously made. Enlightenment gave “revolution” a more positive valorization, and the abbé Raynal’s Révolution de l’Amérique described one as unfolding. But it was only as the French Revolution unleashed political energies with terms like “revolutionary” and “revolutionize,” Baker contends, that “revolution” was decisively scripted as an act rather than a fact.
The American insurgents may not have called themselves “revolutionaries,” and they may have preferred to present their “American Revolution” as an accomplished fact, as Baker argues, but Jack Rakove finds some of them already pressing upon the conventional limits of the term. John Adams speculated in a letter of 1774 that “our Children, may see Revolutions, and be concerned and active in effecting them of which we can form no conception,” and Benjamin Rush was ready in 1786 to declare the “American revolution . . . far from over” and independence only “the first act of a great drama.” The script the Americans thought they were following, however, was a Lockean script for resistance issuing in an “appeal to Heaven.” Locke had stipulated that rebellion need not lead to an endless series of “revolutions.” But what should come next? Here Locke was of little help. The Americans improvised by restricting “revolution” to an accomplished fact and binding it as closely as possible to the founding act of constitution-making. This distinctively American script, Rakove argues, merged revolution and constitution-making into a single story.
The French story proved to be quite the contrary. There, in Dan Edelstein’s analysis, revolution escaped the constraints of constitutionalism. It became transcendent, a source of authority in and of itself. Edelstein goes back to the Levellers to uncover the origins of an early-modern discourse linking the natural right of resistance, popular sovereignty, and the creation of a constitution as the outcome of an act of political will. This tight combination, he argues, was articulated in the American Revolution and in the early phase of the French Revolution. But it was dismantled by the Jacobins in a series of moves after the overthrow of the constitutional monarchy by popular insurrection on 10 August 1792. Robespierre defended as revolutionary the authority of the Paris Commune to act against enemies of the people in the interim period following the fall of the king; he argued for the monarch’s execution not on constitutional grounds (since there were none) but as a necessary choice between the legitimacy of Louis XVI and that of the Revolution itself. Saint-Just extended this same logic a year later by declaring French government “revolutionary until peacetime,” which was to say that it was now unfettered by the restraints of the constitution ratified two months earlier and ultimately free to remodel the people from whom it had once derived its authority. Assuming a transcendental power in Jacobin discourse, Revolution now authorized continuation of . . . the Revolution. The Jacobin moment was brief, but its sanctification of revolution was to enjoy a long life.
“Revolution” had a twin called “Counter-Revolution.” They grew together, as demonstrated by the displays of co-occurrences of the two terms in the Archives parlementaires in Baker’s essay. Revolution became more powerful as Counter-Revolution became more dangerous, and vice versa. Each assumed transcendental force in the Manichean political universe revealed by Guillaume Mazeau’s account of the assassination of Jean Paul Marat by Charlotte Corday in July 1793. Mazeau charts the tourbillion of facts and fantasies, conspiracies and denunciations, ideas and opinions that swirled around this famed event, making it symbolic of a war to the death that would escalate into the Terror. We should not forget that Marat was a journalist, one of the tribe of scribes that endowed the Revolution with its awful eventfulness by endlessly repeating that each and every day must decide the fate of republican France—and of all humanity. Marat in death exemplifies the power of the French Revolution as it became a modern political script: a sequence of defining moments to be replayed, an agonistic struggle of iconic personalities and fundamental principles to be re-enacted, and a repertory of political situations, rhetorical strategies, and subject positions to be rehearsed and refashioned. (Even today his image haunts the Internet.)
Marat plays a minor but telling role in Malick Ghachem’s chapter on “The Antislavery Script: Haiti’s Place in the Narrative of Atlantic Revolution,” this time as the author of Chains of Slavery, the work published in London in 1774 that fueled his politics until his death. This radical warning of encroaching despotism in England, and the inevitable loss of political liberty everywhere, contained not a word about the enslavement of Africans in the Americas. In this regard, it epitomizes Ghachem’s central question: was there, could there be, a script for a revolutionary destruction of plantation slavery? The classical republican tradition upon which Marat and the American revolutionaries drew in opposition to political enslavement turned out to be insufficiently capacious to embrace the overthrow of chattel slavery. The promise of universal emancipation offered within the French Revolutionary script proved problematic, too, in the face of countervailing property claims of planters and French economic interests. Ghachem emphasizes that, in any case, some of the demands for the rights of slaves and free people of color drew on the Old Regime provisions of the infamous Code Noir itself. There remained the oldest script for an antislavery revolution, the prospect of a Spartacist revolt against which Raynal had warned in a famous passage of the Histoire philosophique et politique . . . des Deux Indes mentioned by Baker. This nightmare scenario terrified whites across the Atlantic world, fueled the abolition of slavery in Saint Domingue in 1793 (though that proved transitory), and found its strongest resonances in the bloody liberation of Haiti. In the Declaration of Haitian Independence in 1804, repudiation of the Code Noir became entwined with another element of the French Revolutionary script, the new modern language of national sovereignty. That language was now turned against French rule, racial domination, and chattel slavery, Ghachem argues, but at the cost of leaving ambiguous the legal status of coerced labor.
Part III: Rescripting the Revolution
Our third section opens with Gareth Stedman Jones’s analysis of the historical context of the Communist Manifesto. As in Saint Domingue, this context was defined by the failure of the French Revolution to deliver on its promise of universal emancipation. Hegel had imagined a Germany peacefully transformed in the light of Universal Reason; his reform-minded disciples found local political realities more irrational, and more obdurate. Lacking popular energy and a compliant alternate monarch waiting in the wings, the young Hegelians had watched from afar as the French replayed their revolution in 1830. Among them was the journalist Karl Marx, who found his republican Rheinische Zeitung abruptly closed down by the Prussian authorities in 1843. Exiled in Paris, Marx famously adapted the revolutionary script for a new age of industrial transformation and capitalist exploitation. The irony of the Communist Manifesto in Stedman Jones’s analysis, though, is that it moved even further from the local political realities it was meant to address. Its categories—“the modern state,” “the class struggle,” “the bourgeoisie,” and “the proletariat”—were abstract and largely fictive; they had little explanatory purchase and fleeting correspondence to any contemporary situation. Its realist, materialist rhetoric decked out a fantasy that was, Stedman Jones insists, “to a considerable extant an expression of the pathology of exile.” A fiction, though, that would ultimately produce some powerful facts.
The French, meanwhile, had more frequent opportunity to replay and extend the revolutionary script. They added the barricades in 1830, overt class struggle and the dream of a socialist republic in 1848, and the bloody experience of the Commune in 1871. But did they still hew too closely to the memory and mythology of the originary revolutionary drama of 1789–95? Many thought so, as Dominica Chang shows in “Reading and Repeating the Revolutionary Script: Revolutionary Mimicry in Nineteenth-Century France.” “The second time as farce,” Marx famously remarked of 1848; Proudhon and Tocqueville, among others, found their different ways of expressing the same judgment. So did Flaubert, whose Education sentimentale was, as Chang shows, directed specifically against the imitation of French Revolutionary figures its author deplored as empty, futile mimicry. Flaubert reportedly said of the slaughter of 1871 that “none of this would have happened if they had understood L’Education sentimentale.” Chang’s analysis reveals how deeply divided (and possibly weakened) the Communards were as they fought over the deployment of language and actions they valorized or repudiated as a re-enactment of the Terror of 1793–94.
The Third Republic that emerged from the revolutionary violence of 1871 nonetheless declared itself the realization of the script announced in 1789. The French Revolution became its myth of origin. Observers elsewhere saw 1871 as marking the final failure of a script now exhausted. Claudia Verhoeven analyzes the reaction of one such group, the radical Russian intelligentsia, in “‘Une Révolution Vraiment Scientifique’: Russian Terrorism, the Escape from the European Orbit, and the Invention of a New Revolutionary Paradigm.” In her account, disillusionment with the revolutionary script they saw failing so miserably (and bloodily) in France, and recognition of the backwardness of their country in relation to European social and political development, led these intellectuals toward Terrorism as a substitute for Terror. The path was not a straight one. For Herzen, after 1848, there was no longer a libretto; revolution no longer consummated the logic of history. Zaichnevsky, in 1862, still imagined that historical progress could be accelerated in Russia by doubling down on revolutionary violence, unleashing civil war, and establishing the dictatorship of a revolutionary party. For their successors, from Karakozov in 1866 to Morozov in 1880, revolution triggered history rather than accelerating it. Historical development could be leapfrogged, autocracy shattered, and massive violence avoided, by the precise and “truly scientific” terroristic application of the assassin’s pistol. Russia could choose a new door to the future.
The portal eventually opened in Russia in 1917 involved a very different rethinking of the European script, as Ian Thatcher shows in “Scripting the Russian Revolution.” As he points out, the Bolshevik script was certainly not the only one in play in 1917, nor was it fated to dominate the others. It had to jockey with a liberal script emphasizing freedom (particularly that of the gentry to keep their land); a socialist script that promised the “re-allocation of Russian national resources”; an extreme left, Menshevik script that ruled out collaboration with bourgeois parties but nonetheless accepted a brief period of bourgeois rule; national scripts that sought the breakup of the Russian empire; and finally, popular scripts that were not theorized to the same extent as the others but contained a powerful hope for basic living improvements. If the Bolshevik script ultimately won out, Thatcher argues, it was because it was the one that could most easily absorb the popular script, and appear to reflect the true demands of the people.
Part IV: Revolutionary Projections
After 1917, revolution became institutionalized in a government whose very authority derived from its revolutionary promise. But the script of communist revolution could no longer be controlled and finessed in Moscow alone: competing versions emerged in Hungary, Poland, and Cuba in 1956, in Czechoslovakia in 1968, and more regularly in China. How did this bureaucratization (on the one hand) and rapid mutation (on the other) affect the revolutionary script?
The Soviets saw China as a revolutionary latecomer, but in fact their southeastern neighbor had a long history of revolutionary action. In their paper on revolutionary scripts in China, Jeffrey Wasserstrom and Wu Yidi focus on two moments in this history. First, they examine the period, from the late nineteenth century to the 1911 revolution, when opponents to the Qing dynasty revived a classical Chinese term for “revolution” (geming) to express their desire for an American- or French-inspired upheaval. In opposition to these would-be revolutionaries, others looked to the Meiji Restoration for a more reformist script. Both sides believed that change was necessary, however, and this shared belief made their positions more fluid (compared with the fierce debate over Marxist revisionism occurring at the same time in Germany and Russia). Wasserstrom and Wu then show how current Chinese political debates, going back to 1989, echo this earlier moment, with some dissidents looking to the revolutionary scripts that emerged from Eastern Europe, the color revolutions, and (more recently) the Arab Uprising, while others, more fearful of China’s own violent revolutionary past, continue to advocate for some kind of slower moving reform. Both of these moments demonstrate how political conflicts in China have often taken the form of arguments over which foreign script was most applicable to the domestic situation.
Between these revolutionary bookends, however, we find a script that was more defiantly Chinese: Mao’s Little Red Book. Alexander Cook offers a study of this work’s reception, taking seriously Lin Biao’s claim that this work was a “spiritual atom bomb.” This was a very deliberate metaphor in the 1960s, when the fear of nuclear destruction ran high. Cook uses the fable of “The Foolish Old Man” (which appears in the Little Red Book) to explain Lin Biao’s claim. This is a curious fable, in that it involves the appearance of supernatural forces to move mountains. For Cook, this oddity reflects the fact that Mao’s revolutionary script relied just as much on spiritual—that is, ideological—devotion to revolution as on material efforts. But spiritual power was, in Mao’s view, akin to the atom: if it could be released, its power would be overwhelming. This vision was not limited to economic transformation: like the atom bomb, it had a military point as well, which was the pursuit of a “people’s war.” In the face of nuclear catastrophe, Mao upheld that this force was greater than any bomb.
We follow this focus on China with three in-depth case studies, each placed a decade apart, of how revolutionary scripts were transformed across the globe. Lillian Guerra examines how cinema was instrumental in shaping the dominant script of the 1959 Cuban Revolution. The central villain of this script was, of course, the United States, portrayed as being responsible for every problem facing Cuban society. Cinema was a key medium for disseminating this script, since it allowed people literally to see themselves as part of the revolutionary transformation of Cuba. The official film industry accordingly exercised strict censorship over films to ensure that the “correct” script was being represented. Guerra turns to the much-censored films of Nicolás Guillén Landrián to explore the ways in which his “counter-scripts” challenged the privileged narrative of the Cuban regime.
Julian Bourg zooms in on the watershed year of 1968, and more particularly on the revolutionary upheaval that rocked France, to underscore a paradox: the students were acutely self-conscious about recycling scripts from revolutions past, but curiously, the events in Paris had an unscripted feel. Students were acting out revolution, but everyone was also taken by surprise by the rapid pace and breadth of events. Indeed, ’68 led many philosophers to reconceptualize it as an event—that is, something unplanned, with unforeseeable consequences.
What this meant, however, is that “1968” could become the keystone of a plethora of different revolutionary scripts, be they political, economic, social, or cultural. As Bourg points out, the very concept of revolution was very much in flux at this time, as the contrast between student protesters in Berkeley and, say, the Red Army Faction in Germany indicates. In the end, however, he shows how ’68 can be seen as marking the demise of the Leninist script of party-led revolution, and a return to the boisterous, disorganized, popular script of revolution.
Ten years later, in Iran, it certainly seemed at first that this “democratic” script was triumphing. In his reading of the 1979 Revolution, Abbas Milani points to how it largely stemmed from the frustrations of the Iranian middle class: the shah’s rapid modernization and secularization program had produced a new, urban, more worldly society, but it had not opened up the political process. By 1979 he was an incredibly unpopular figure, and, what’s more, an erratic ruler. But the Iranian Revolution is perhaps most fascinating as a case study of how a revolutionary script that was expected to conclude with the establishment of a constitutional republic was instead rewritten, at the last minute and through remarkable strategic planning, by Khomeini and his clerical allies. For Milani, this high-wire act of political manipulation underscores the unplanned, even unscripted nature of the Iranian revolution. But he also notes how Ayatollah Khomeini’s appropriation of the revolutionary process was itself part of a clerical, messianic script to accomplish a divine order in history.
Finally, we close this part by bringing our narrative up to the present, thus also highlighting the continuing relevance of the revolutionary scripts discussed here. Silvana Toska focuses on how revolutionary scripts, in the recent Arab revolutions (as in others before them), became progressively more radical. In so doing, however, they also opened up splits between political groups that no longer agreed on the meaning of revolutionary goals. In her examination of the Egyptian and Yemeni revolutions of 2011, Toska ends up highlighting a paradox. On the one hand, revolutionary groups in both countries shared little in common beyond a desire to overthrow the regime in place; hence, as these revolutions went on, dissensions among revolutionaries became increasingly visible. At the same time, these open disagreements were also what made it impossible for one group to impose its point of view on the others, thereby making the likelihood of a democratic outcome higher. Recent developments have added new chapters to the history of the Arab uprising, transforming Ghonim’s fantasy of a leaderless revolutionary script into an ongoing struggle for leadership.
As David Bell notes in his “Afterword,” the contributions in this volume do not all deploy the concept of a revolutionary script in exactly the same fashion. It is our hope that these methodological variations on a theme will be seen as evidence of the usefulness and flexibility of the “scripting” concept. Our goal with this volume is primarily to outline a more promising, historically grounded method for the comparative study of revolutions. We certainly do not claim, with one volume, to have exhausted such a study, and hope that other historians will pursue this investigation, exploring the revolutions that we left out, and uncovering other ways in which revolutions are produced by, and in turn produce, scripts.
1. Wael Ghonim, Revolution 2.0, The Power of the People Is Greater than the People in Power: A Memoir (Boston, 2012), 293–94. This brief discussion by Ghonim draws on Keith Michael Baker, “Revolution 1.0,” Journal of Modern European History 11 (2013): 187–88.
2. Keith Michael Baker, “A Script for a French Revolution: The Political Consciousness of the Abbé Mably,” in Inventing the French Revolution: Essays on French Political Culture in the Eighteenth Century (Cambridge, 1990).
3. Most notably Jack A. Goldstone, Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World (Berkeley, CA, 1991).
4. See Barrington Moore, Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy (Boston, 1966), xv–xvii. The subtitle of Moore’s book, Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World, is also telling.
5. Theda Skocpol, States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China (Cambridge, 1979), 25. Compare with Marx, e. g., in The German Ideology, in The Marx-Engels Reader, ed. Robert Tucker (New York, 1978), 164–65. Skocpol herself highlights this Marxist genealogy (25).
6. See notably William Sewell, “Ideologies and Social Revolutions: Reflections on the French Case,” Journal of Modern History 57 (1985): 57–85; and Martin Malia, “High Social Science and ‘Staseology,’” in History’s Locomotives: Revolutions and the Making of the Modern World (New Haven, CT, 2006), 302–16.
7. This distinction can be seen in Skocpol’s use of nineteenth-century Prussia and Japan as “counter-points” to her thesis about the origins of revolution in France and China; see States and Social Revolutions, 99–111.
8. Marx, The German Ideology, part I, section D, 5 (emphasis added).
9. See, in this volume, the discussion by Silvana Toska of the “stagnation thesis.”
10. Steven Pincus, 1688: The First Modern Revolution (New Haven, CT, 2009), 41.
11. Similar criticisms have been leveled by sociologists themselves: see notably John Foran, “Theories of Revolution Revisited: Toward a Fourth Generation?” Sociological Theory 11, no. 1 (1993): 1–20.
12. Goldstone, Revolution and Rebellion, 459.
13. Crane Brinton famously suggested that all revolutions experience a “Terror” phase, followed by a “Thermidorean reaction,” on the French model: see The Anatomy of Revolution, rev. ed. (New York, 1965), chs. 7 and 8. See also Lyford Edwards, The Natural History of Revolution (Chicago, 1927).
14. For Goldstone, this corresponds to “phase two” of the Revolution: it occurs when “the Old Regime state has lost the initiative and either collapses or struggles among the host of contenders who seek to establish a new monopoly of authority; this phase is marked by efforts to mobilize supporters, rapid-fire legislation and creation of economic and political structures, and often by civil war and a ‘reign of terror.’” In Revolution and Rebellion, 417–18.
15. “If the Reign of Terror was an inherent part of the process of revolution, so too military rule was its inevitable conclusion.” See ibid., 431–32.
16. As David Bell has shown, the war against Austria and Prussia (later joined by Britain) was not in the slightest preordained, but rather the result of a deliberate strategy on the part of a prowar faction among the Jacobins, led by Brissot: see Bell, The First Total War: Napoleon’s Europe and the Birth of Warfare as We Know It (Boston, 2007).
17. See, for instance, his argument that “it is very difficult to deny that if France were to enter the modern world through the democratic door she had to pass through the fires of the Revolution, including its violent radical aspects.” Moore, Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy, 105 (emphasis added).
18. See Arno Mayer, The Furies: Violence and Terror in the French and Russian Revolutions (Princeton, NJ, 2000), 256.
19. See, notably, Stanley Aronowitz, The Crisis in Historical Materialism: Class, Politics, and Culture in Marxist Theory (Minneapolis, MN, 1990).
20. On Bernstein, see notably Peter Gay, The Dilemma of Democratic Socialism: Eduard Bernstein’s Challenge to Marx (New York, 1952). On the reception of Marx in the late nineteenth century, see James H. Billington, Fire in the Minds of Men: Origins of the Revolutionary Tradition (New York, 1980). For Lenin, see What Is to Be Done?, in Essential Works of Lenin (New York, 1987), and below. In The German Ideology, Marx argued that “if these material elements of a complete revolution are not present . . . then, as far as practical development is concerned, it is absolutely immaterial whether the idea of this revolution has been expressed a hundred times already.” Marx-Engels Reader, 165.
21. See R. R. Palmer, The Age of Democratic Revolution, 2 vols. (Princeton, NJ, 1959–64); Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of Revolution: Europe, 1789–1848 (1962); Jacques Godechot, Les Révolutions: 1770–1799 (Paris, 1963).
22. See David Armitage and Sanjay Subrahmanyam, eds., The Age of Revolutions in Global Context, c. 1760–1840 (Basingstoke, UK, 2010); and see also Suzanne Desan, Lynn Hunt, and William Max Nelson, The French Revolution in Global Perspective (Ithaca, NY, 2013), 2 (quotation).
23. Armitage and Subrahmanyam, “Introduction,” The Age of Revolutions in Global Context, xix.
24. Desan, Hunt, and Nelson, “Introduction,” in The French Revolution in Global Perspective, 5.
25. Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna, The Girondins of Chile: Reminiscences of an Eyewitness, trans. John H. R. Polt (Oxford, 2003), 19. Thanks to Jorge Myers for this reference.
26. For a critique of the “diffusionist” model (in which ideas about revolution stem only outward from Western capitals), see Samuel Moyn and Andrew Sartori, “Approaches to Global Intellectual History,” in Global Intellectual History (New York, 2013).
27. David Bell, “Questioning the Global Turn: The Case of the French Revolution,” French Historical Studies 37, no. 1 (2014): 1–24.
28. See Rachel Hammersley, The English Republican Tradition and Eighteenth-Century France: Between the Ancients and the Moderns (Manchester, 2010).
29. See David Armitage, “What’s the Big Idea? Intellectual History and the Longue Durée,” History of European Ideas 38, no. 4 (2012): 493–507.
30. See John Lynch, The Spanish American Revolutions, 1808–1826 (New York, 1986).
31. This scholarship is discussed and analyzed in Parts I and II of this volume.
32. For an introduction to Begriffsgeschichte, see Melvin Richter and Michaela W. Richter, “Introduction: Translation of Reinhart Koselleck’s ‘Krise,’ in Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe,” Journal of the History of Ideas 67, no. 2 (2006): 343–56.
33. See Reinhart Koselleck, “Historical Criteria of the Modern Concept of Revolution,” in Futures Past: On the Semantics of Historical Time, trans. Keith Tribe (New York, 2013), 43–57; and Neithard Bulst, Jörg Fisch, Reinhart Koselleck, and Christian Meier, “Revolution, Rebellion, Aufruhr, Bürgerkrieg,” in Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe: Historisches Lexikon zur politisch-sozialen Sprache in Deutschland, 8 vols. (Stuttgart, 1984), 5: 653–788.
Harris: Did the English Have a Script for Revolution?
Acknowledgment: I am grateful to the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation for funding an extended period of research leave at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, during which time I was able to undertake much of the research and writing of this article. | <urn:uuid:392b4fdf-dea6-4335-bcaf-fcf6693c9d60> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sup.org/books/extra/?id=24689&i=Introduction.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.945169 | 12,973 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Who doesn’t like flowers and plants? Well, they are a gift of nature, and everybody likes to see them. They make you feel fresh and the house looks very aesthetic. Millions of plants and flowers are present worldwide, having different types, shapes, sizes, and colors. They can be used both outdoors and indoors and look amazingly beautiful.
Running plants can easily cover the exterior structure of the buildings, such as walls, doors, ceilings, etc, and look aesthetically pleasing. English Ivy or Hedera Helix is one of them. They are mostly used outside because of their ability to grow and spread but can also be placed inside as an amazing indoor piece.
The English Ivy looks wonderful and has many benefits when it covers the exterior portion of the buildings. They are famously known for their temperature control abilities. They can keep the buildings warm in cold weather while protecting them from scorching heat in the summers. But as we all know, with good comes the bad as well. The Ivy’s can be poisonous sometimes, especially for your pets and children.
Based on our personal experience, we have gathered some information about how they are toxic to pets and what precautionary measures should be taken if you are both a pet and a plant lover and want to keep both of them in your house.
English Ivy is commonly named Common Ivy and contains sapogenin and polyacetylene compounds. Both of these compounds are natural steroids and irritate the skin and mucous membrane. As they are a type of running plant, so they creep and spread fastly over one another. Their roots are sunken under the ground, so they can get fungus easily and decay. This makes them toxic for most of the pets and even some babies as well.
With the ability to grow rapidly, their seeds can spread, which might cause the death of some stray animals. The berries grown on the top of the leaves shall be removed as soon as possible. They can be more poisonous than the leaves. If eaten by mistake, the leaves can cause toxicity. So having this plant in the surrounding of your home can be dangerous for your pets if not taken care of properly.
The entire plant is toxic, but it is most concentrated in the leaves. Typically the nutrients travel upward from the roots to the leaves in many plants, but in ivy’s case, a harmful steroid is present in them. If you have pets in your home, i.e, cats and dogs, make sure they do not go near the plant. Keep them away from the plant pots or walls which have these laid on them.
If they accidentally swallow the leaf or the berries present on the top, they might experience allergic reactions such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, etc. In extreme cases, your dog or cat might end up in a coma or have paralysis. If something like this happens, the vet should be contacted immediately as the symptoms might vary.
If you want to keep both the pets and the ivy, you need not worry about them. Follow these precautionary measures, and you will be good without giving up on any of them.
- If you have the Ivy’s outdoors, keep the pets inside.
- Please do not leave your pets unattended or restrict them to a certain area when you leave the house.
- The plant should be kept in a room that is not commonly used if placed inside the house.
- You can trim the plants from the bottom so that no one can reach them.
- If placed indoor, the pots can be labeled so nobody can touch them.
- You can hang them up with the ceiling so nobody is able to touch the plant pots.
By following these precautionary measures, you can easily keep both the plants and the pets together. You can even think of more ideas of preventing the interaction of your pets or children with these poisonous plants according to your convenience.
The English Ivy provides you with fresh oxygen and is often called a natural air filter. Common Ivy can make your home look even better. They can even help you to maintain the temperature while fluctuating under all weather conditions. These Ivy’s almost need very little or no maintenance. It would be best to grow them at the spot where the sunlight hits directly, and they will start growing rapidly, the branches crawling over each other. It is a natural resource that provides us with multiple benefits.
These plants have many advantages. You need not worry about having these in your home. If you are a plant lover and decide not to get the common ivy because they contain some naturally produced steroids, which might not be safe for the pets, this might not be a good decision. You can keep these plants while having the pets around. They will be of no harm if you be a little careful and follow some of the precautionary measures that have been mentioned above. | <urn:uuid:675bd35e-dfef-460e-aae0-e3592ac212d9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://plantsandplanters.net/english-ivy-and-pets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.966834 | 995 | 2.578125 | 3 |
The 2021 World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer will be held as a virtual meeting, on June 30-July 3.
- ESMO World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer 2021
Data collection and international exchange remain critical to contain the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. In addition to case numbers, reproduction rates, and modeling, topics such as sensitivity and specificity of tests and vaccine efficacy have dominated public debate in recent months. Experts will discuss the importance of data in the current pandemic and how it can help to increase preparedness for international health emergencies in the future at this international virtual panel discussion organized by the Leopoldina.
- The Role of Data in the COVID-19 Pandemic
The first edition of the ESMO Gynaecological Cancers Congress will be held as a virtual meeting on 25-26 June 2021 and will focus on ovarian cancer.
- ESMO Gynaecological Cancers Congress
The international IT symposium 'Highly Efficient Accelerators and Reconfigurable Technologies' (HEART) will be held online this year, from June 21-23. The forum will explore the latest research findings on computer systems and methods in the context of hardware-accelerated high-performance computing (HPC).
From June 22-23, the virtual Times Higher Education Young Universities Summit, jointly organized with HSE University, will take place. This marks the first time that the summit will be conducted with support from a Russian university. The choice of HSE is no coincidence: it is the only Russian university in the Top 50 of THE Young University Ranking.
- Times Higher Education Young Universities Summit
How does human life begin, which processes influence the human gut microbiome, and what do researchers know about the collective intelligence of honeybees? Members of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina will answer these and other questions at the virtual symposium of Class II - Life Sciences on Monday, June 21, 2021, 9:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m. (Berlin/Germany).
- Class II - Life Sciences
Digitization is an integral part of democracy today. This is particularly evident in election campaigns, political initiatives, and societal debates that are increasingly being conducted via social media. On Tuesday, 22 June, and Wednesday, 23 June, the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences are organizing the virtual symposium "Digitization and Democracy" in order to discuss associated risks, policy options, and trends from a scientific point of view.
- Digitization and Democracy
This is wonderful opportunity to learn about international perspectives in missing person research. Sessions will be recorded and made available for 24 hours to all registers, so that people from different time zones can take part at decent hours of the day.
- 5th International Conference for Missing Children and Adults | <urn:uuid:68ac4981-d2e3-4946-831f-dcfb0d56d9ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sciencesources.eurekalert.org/meetings/announcements/46 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.898853 | 635 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Learn more about our 17th president, Andrew Johnson – from the challenges he faced to his impeachment and acquittal.
Impeached: The Trial of President Andrew Johnson and the Fight for Lincoln's Legacy
By David O. Stewart
The author of The Summer of 1787 writes a dramatic re-creation of the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson, which became the central battle of the struggle over how to reunite a nation after four years of war.
Grand Inquests: The Historic Impeachments of Justice Samuel Chase and President Andrew Johnson
By William H. Rehnquist
Published in 1992, then Supreme Court Chief Justice William Rehnquist writes about the history and legal precedent set in the two impeachments of the nineteenth century.
The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
By Chester G. Hearn
While it is commonly known that Andrew Johnson was the first president to be impeached, less well known are the circumstances that led to the unsuccessful campaign to remove him from office. This account of Johnson's political life in Washington focuses on his conflict with the Radical Republicans who, after Lincoln's assassination, sought to dominate American government and punish the South as harshly as possible. Johnson's focus on healing the nation and his refusal to submit to the Radicals’ demands led to his impeachment. Though Johnson was acquitted, his impeachment clearly illustrates the danger when one branch of government tries to dominate the others. This chronicle of the first U.S. presidential impeachment covers in detail the political forces that nearly removed him from office.
The Impeachment and Trial of Andrew Johnson
By Michael Les Benedict
This book argues that although Johnson's impeachment did not succeed in ousting him, it was a justified step. It describes the critical issues and events leading up to the impeachment and then discusses the trial itself: what the grounds were, what the different sides' motivations were, why the attempt failed.
Andrew Johnson: A Biography
By Hans L. Trefousse
Trefousse provides a definitive life of the flawed man who succeeded to the American presidency after Lincoln's assassination and who presided, disastrously, over the tumultuous first years of Reconstruction.
The Avenger Takes His Place: Andrew Johnson and the 45 Days That Changed the Nation
By Howard Means
Means' book brings to life one of the most critical moments in American history through the eyes of Andrew Johnson. Award-winning journalist and novelist Howard Means focuses upon the first 45 days of Johnson's presidency, beginning with the assassination of Lincoln on April 14 and ending at the close of May 1865, when Johnson declared his terms of peace and set the nation on a course that still reverberates in our own time.
The Reconstruction Presidents
By Brooks D. Simpson
This book collectively examines the Reconstruction policies of Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, Ulysses S. Grant, and Rutherford B. Hayes and reveals how they confronted and responded to the complex issues presented during that contested era in American politics.
By David Stewart
The Summer of 1787: The Men Who Invented the Constitution
By David O. Stewart
A true-life suspense story, The Summer of 1787 takes readers into the sweltering room in which delegates struggled for four months to produce the flawed but enduring document that defined the nation, then and now.
Book descriptions provided by BookLetters. | <urn:uuid:e7df1550-eee0-4280-9323-f8397fe77260> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kclibrary.org/blog/read-you-go/andrew-johnson | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.942255 | 678 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Timothé Flénet1, Agathe Cambier1, Stéphane Baudet2, Raafat Fares3 ¹ ETISENSE...Read More
External ECG recording
An access to a good quality external ECG without surgery or anesthesia is now possible with the DECRO solution. The software automatically analyses a comprehensive panel of ECG derived parameters including interval calculations for conduction assessment.
Despite the rat is not the best model to study ECG morphology, especially QT interval, it remains an important model to study heart rate, intervals and variability. Other species such as minipig or guinea pig also available with DECRO could provide relevant alternatives to conduction studies usually carried out the in larger mammals.
The solution is capable of recording a low noise and high resolution (24 bits) Electrocardiogram (ECG) using external pack electrodes placed in a LEAD I configuration on the left and right flanks of the animal after local clipping. The electrodes are protected by the jacket.
ECG is recorded at 500 Hz and exhibits low noise levels with QRS complexes. The software provides built-in 50 Hz noise removal filters, automatic cardiac cycle detection and heart rate calculation.
Physiological parameters calculated
Cycle to cycle:
- R-R intervals (ms)
- R peak Amplitude
- Heart rate (bpm)
- P,QRS,T delineation
- QT, QTc, ST, PR intervals calculation
- Waterfall view
Automatic event detection:
- R peaks automatic detection
- T wave and Pwave delination (Ton, Tend, T, Pon, P, Pend)
- Q and S placement
Example of ECG signal recorded on an animal at rest
The ECG signal above is recorded during a resting phase from an adult Sprague Dawley male rat, dressed with DECRO jacket. The figure displays from top to bottom the ECG signal (lead II configuration ECG) with R-R intervals detected, instantaneous heart rate and activity level reflecting resting phase over 10 seconds.
Advanced ECG analysis module
Advanced ECG analysis module is an additional functionality available on our software. It is available for rats and minipigs and soon for additional species.
What are the main additional features?
- Automatic delineation of fiducial points (P, Q, R, S, T…)
- Automatic calculation of ECG intervals (PR, QRSi, STi, QTi) and segments (PRs and STs)
- Several QT corrections formulas available
- Score (% of exploited signal) | <urn:uuid:4d46e0cb-ee71-4829-87c7-677e1b6b4a8a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://etisense.com/applications/cardiac-monitoring/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.834911 | 545 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Moot Hill ***
Region: Perth(shire), Angus & Dundee
In the Chronicles of the Kings of Alba (10th century), Caislean Credi (the "Hill of Faith") in Scone is mentioned. It was there in 906 that King Constantine II and the Bishop Cellach met and the King swore to uphold the customs of the church.
It was the earliest reference to the Moot Hill and to a coronation carried out at the site with the involvement of a church official.
The "Stone of Scone", more commonly referred to as the "Stone of Destiny", played a central role in these ceremonies. The King was seated on the stone while receiving the oaths of loyalty from his followers. As these followers could only swear fielty when standing on their own lands, they brought earth with them (it is said in their boots). This earth was what finally created this small hill.
Probably the greatest historic event to take place at Scone was the coronation of Robert the Bruce, who declared himself King of Scots upon the Moot Hill on 25 March 1306.
Under the Stewarts (Stuarts) Stirling became the principle royal residence and power centre, but the site's role in coronation continued for a long time after. The last coronation in Scotland took place at Scone in 1651 when King Charles II was crowned King of Scots.
The remains of the Moot Hill at Scone hold a prominent place in the Scottish consciousness.
Found a mistake or maybe have something to add? Do let me know! | <urn:uuid:671897b6-be20-4d69-9a81-ffc11c4ea1f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scotlandsfinest.nl/what-s-to-see/scotland-s-finest-other-places/moot-hill | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.970869 | 327 | 3.046875 | 3 |
“The moment you doubt whether you can fly, you cease for ever to be able to do it.” – J. M. Barrie, Peter Pan
Our lives are a reflection of our beliefs. Most of us know this, and yet, we cling on to old negative beliefs – even when they hold us back.
Discarding them and creating new beliefs seems to be a Herculean task.
These beliefs (which are usually assumptions and misconceptions) colour our world views and justify our actions.
Yet, if we stopped to think about it and ask ourselves, “Where did we get these beliefs from?” … we’d realize that most of them were ingrained in us by our parents, teachers and other ‘well-meaning and sensible’ adults when we were young.
In most cases, these self-limiting and defeatist beliefs will impede your progress when you decide to become an entrepreneur. You’ll be setting yourself up for failure from the get-go.
Let’s look at some of the most common beliefs that are injurious to your goals…
- Money makes money
This is probably the biggest fallacy of the lot. This misconception creates a catch-22 situation. You want to get into business to improve your financial standing… but you need money to get into business – and that’s money you don’t currently have.
So you’re doomed.
But is this reasoning valid? Do you really need money to start?
A quick look at some of the biggest business successes on the planet will show you that most of them invariably began from humble beginnings. They started off small and slowly built their way up.
In the same vein, nothing is stopping you from starting off small and climbing the ladder of business success. It’s resourcefulness and not resources that you need.
Do not count yourself out just because you lack the finances. Rest assured that enthusiasm, confidence, passion, and hard work will help you find the resources you need and you’ll be able to employ them to forward your business.
2. Following instead of leading
The world loves a winner and tends to put them up on pedestals. The media gives them coverage. Books are written about them and so on.
Parents, teachers, etc. often tell us to model successful people and read biographies. The goal is to be like these larger-than-life people who define the epitome of success.
Millions of people dream of being the next Michael Jordan or the next Elon Musk. Or the next pop star… and so on.
And yet, if you asked Michael Jordan who he wanted to be, he’d most probably say that he wanted to be Michael Jordan.
Herein lies a contradiction – the leaders of the world (whichever field they may be in) are almost always trailblazers who march to the beat of their own drum. They’re so focused on being the best they can be that they don’t have time to try and be like someone else.
Using a role model to inspire you is a start… but if you want to truly see success, you’ll need to lead rather than follow. You’ll need to put yourself in the limelight and be willing to be seen by the masses, rather than quietly skulking in the shadows.
You’ll get the accolades and recognition, but you’ll also get brickbats and hate. This is par for the course. Just remember, leaders, lead. You must lead if you want massive success.
3. Expecting overnight success
A lack of patience has sounded the death knell on more goals/dreams than any other cause.
The current society we live in encourages impatience.
Instant notifications, text messaging, microwaves, instant meals, entire 22-episode seasons of Netflix shows presented all at once, etc. have made us believe that anything can be gotten fast.
We want results and we want them now. Preferably yesterday.
Life, however, has quite a different setup. Any worthy goal will take you time to achieve. Usually, it will take you longer than you believe.
Like Jeff Bezos said, “All overnight success takes about 10 years.”
You can’t shrink the journey to fit into a 90-minute Hollywood movie. There is no rousing soundtrack to inspire you. Success is an ugly, dirty fight where you’ll have to claw your way to the top.
It has ALWAYS been that way.
So, if you start on an entrepreneurial journey and are expecting overnight riches without struggle, you’ll be in for a rude shock. It’s just a matter of time before you discover pitfalls, hurdles, pain, struggles and a myriad of other problems that you’ll need to constantly overcome.
You may wonder, “Why is this happening to me? Why is it so hard?”
The truth is that it doesn’t just happen to you. It happens to every entrepreneur who wishes to level up. This is the turbulence you need to get past until you reach cruising altitude.
And it will take you time. So, if you lack patience, it’s time to tell yourself that you’re in for the long haul.
Now that you’re aware of these 3 negative beliefs, you can take steps to fix them and be on your way to success. | <urn:uuid:0388ca31-376b-4a9a-8de6-91077e8348b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bizforum.africa/3-negative-beliefs-that-hold-entrepreneurs-back/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.952033 | 1,140 | 2.109375 | 2 |
The impact of Covid-19 has greatly affected several sectors. As a result, many investors have turned to promising sectors in these times of crisis, including the pharmaceutical sector. Pharmaceutical stocks have seen a significant increase in value. The pharmaceutical sector on the stock market, what should we remember?
The pharmaceutical sector stock market, a market with considerable impact
When we talk about the stock market in the pharmaceutical sector, we are talking about companies operating in the pharmaceutical industry and listed on it. We can mention pfizer stock in this case. This is the economic sector encompassing the activities of research, production and marketing of pharmaceutical products. These are medicines used in human and veterinary medicine. The strength of this market in the stock market is that it is the third largest economic market in the world, behind the oil market and the food market. The pharmaceutical sector includes pharmaceutical companies and biopharmaceutical companies. A distinction must be made between these two types of pharmaceutical companies. The first type, pharmaceutical laboratories, is one that everyone already knows. But for the second type, biopharmaceutical companies, a small detail is important. Biotechnology is technology and science. It applies to living organisms and everything that goes with them. The point of this is to make changes to materials, whether living or not, for the production of goods and services, but also knowledge. The realisation
The realisation of relevant fundamental analyses on pharmaceutical actions
The pharmaceutical sector is a very specific market. To perform fundamental analysis on its stocks on the stock market, one does not proceed in the same way as for any other stock. The analysis and publication factors are just as specific to the sector’s activities. To give a clear example, take a closer look at the scientific and medical research carried out by companies in the sector. The aim is to find out the weight of the investments made by the large groups and then determine their great impact on the profitability of the shares. In addition, it is necessary to follow the updating phases of the establishment of medicines. These include the development phase, the development phase, the clinical trials and testing phase. Then there is the final phase, which allows companies to obtain their marketing authorisation for drugs. | <urn:uuid:fd168f59-5913-441c-b503-9bf1464416fa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ortatherox.com/the-pharmaceutical-sector-in-the-stock-market-what-do-you-need-to-know/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.947809 | 447 | 2.15625 | 2 |
There are many products on the market, known as flower or floral water, hydrolats and hydrosols. Various definitions exist. We call ours Hydrolats and can assure you that all Bay House labelled Hydrolats are the genuine byproduct of the essential oil distillation process. During this process the essential oil is created by plant material coming into contact with steam or water, and as the steam condenses it separates into essential oil and a water that contains minute amounts of essential oil. Some Distillers use this same water again and again in the distillation phase (Cohobation) to maximise the extraction of the essential oil. No preservatives or alcohol have been added to the final product. | <urn:uuid:c311b379-cae2-4e4c-a9f8-c1ecc5bf5a3f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bayhousearomatics.com/hydrolats-hydrosols-flower-floral-waters.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.948364 | 148 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Our helpdesk often asks us if WhatsApp Business is a suitable way to stay in touch with colleagues and customers and what one should consider before using such a communication channel. How do we, as Audittrail, look at this matter?
To start with, organizations use WhatsApp differently. This is because it depends on what WhatsApp is used for and whether it is a work phone that can be used privately or a work phone that is only meant for business use. In addition, WhatsApp itself may be used, or there may be an API between WhatsApp and other software. In general, we would not recommend using WhatsApp Business for several reasons. And those reasons have everything to do with the privacy and information security risks involved. Here are a few questions and risks to consider:
Is there a processor agreement in place?
WhatsApp Business requires you to accept its terms of service (data processing agreement). This could be interpreted as a kind of processor agreement, but it's one you cannot change. So you will still have to accept many terms from WhatsApp. For example, they maintain the right to use and sell the data for their own purposes. Therefore, there is a significant privacy risk.
What about security?
As an organization, you may, in principle, 'hire' WhatsApp as a processor. You can probably formulate a purpose and processing basis for using WhatsApp for your business or communication. But you must also be able to take sufficient appropriate technological and organizational measures and ensure that the processor does not use the data for other purposes. Unfortunately, WhatsApp does not guarantee these things at the moment, whereas they would usually be done in a processor agreement. Because, as an organization, you are the processor, this also forms a privacy risk.
Where is the data stored, and is it secure?
Another question you should ask is where your data is stored and whether you are prepared to take additional measures if the data is stored outside the European Economic Area (EEA). This is because the European Union currently has no agreements regarding data processing with, for example, the United States. Meta, the parent company of WhatsApp, states in their terms of service that when using the service, the organization agrees that the data WhatsApp will collect, store and use will go to the United States and other countries worldwide "regardless of which country you use our Business Services in". In addition, the organization must accept that "the laws, regulations and standards in the country where your information is stored or processed may differ from those in your own country."
Can you still comply with data subjects' rights?
The GDPR lists several data subjects' rights, such as the right to inspect or the right to erase data. So data subjects have the right to see a copy of their data. The data controller has only one month to respond to a request to view the personal data. Due to a lack of central control in WhatsApp, it is difficult to collect the required information efficiently. For example, all employees can create group apps. Think, for example, of team leaders creating WhatsApp groups for running their team. As a privacy officer or security officer, monitoring all these groups is a big task. Giving complete insight is, therefore, an almost impossible task.
Are you willing to accept the risk of potential data leaks?
In practice, customer data and/or company information are often sent via WhatsApp. It is easy for any member of a WhatsApp group to forward a message. This can be done to any number in their contact list. This leaves no data in the group itself; therefore, WhatsApp ensures that you quickly lose control of your business data. If personal information is forwarded to people who have no connection to the data, this is a data breach. Depending on the nature of the personal information, this could put the organization in serious difficulties.
Using WhatsApp for business?
Although we have listed some of the risks above, you may decide to use WhatsApp as an organization. Or you may already be using it and no longer want to or can do without it. In this case, we recommend that you consider at least the following topics:
- Carry out a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA).
- Assess whether there is a legitimate basis for using the personal information on WhatsApp.
- Establish frameworks for how you will use WhatsApp. What type of communication is done over WhatsApp, and do I accept this risk? In any event, do not send sensitive or unique data through this communication channel, but consider whether you would be willing to take the risk for messages without personal data.
- Properly record the considerations and operating agreements you make as an organization.
- Consider whether you can guarantee the security of the information.
- Take into account the principle of privacy by design when implementing WhatsApp.
- Establish rules for access control to group data to ensure privacy by default.
- Agree on how you can remove personal information from all group chats if a data subject exercises their data erasure rights.
- Investigate whether you can manage and control the retention of group chat data.
- Put the use of WhatsApp in a privacy statement.
- Create a policy on using WhatsApp or incorporate it into an existing policy.
In addition, it is recommended that you take the following measures:
1. Enable two-step verification;
2. Disable the blue checkmark;
3. Set the incognito mode on WhatsApp (this will prevent people from seeing your profile picture, your WhatsApp status and your "Last seen")
4. Turn off all unnecessary permissions (through your phone's settings)
5. Turn off the backup of WhatsApp conversations to the cloud.
What else should I do? Are there alternatives?
Of course, WhatsApp is not the only communication channel available. Some alternatives are more privacy-conscious.
Finally, my advice is to look for more privacy-friendly alternatives. Please refer to the following website: | <urn:uuid:e3ded666-60a2-41cc-a81b-6ed6479eb911> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.audittrailgroup.com/whatsapp-business-good-idea-or-big-mistake/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.926085 | 1,212 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Some Modes Of Journey Are Cheaper Than Others
You will have to make many traveling decisions as you're making plans. Sometimes preparation is enjoyable in relation to taking a visit. This text has many helpful hints and pointers on making touring preparations and plans that can assist you stay focused on the fun and fewer on the stress.
In the event you plan on touring, remember to schedule dependable pet care upfront. If in case you have a small canine, you'll find pet-friendly flights and lodges and produce him along. Giant dogs, cats, and animals with medical problems should have a reliable pet-sitter which you can trust. Your furry pals will likely be grateful!
Dress in layers and you're certain to be ready for any weather. Weather can be unpredictable, especially in case you are visiting an unfamiliar place. By having a number of layers of clothing, you'll be able to add or take away pieces relying on the temperature. Read Homepage is especially useful for all day adventures which begin in the cool morning but warm up later within the day.
Plan your packing. In today of baggage fees and weight limits, most travelers carry one suitcase. To fit every part in, you need to be a wise packer. Check the weather forecast on your destination and select outfits which you can combine and match. Opt for layers, which might easily be added or eliminated because the temperature modifications. Also remember to put on cheap airfare https://www.wallace-travel.com /bulkier footwear in order that they do not hog a lot space in your luggage.
When packing to your subsequent trip, remember to convey clothespins. Clothespins could be useful when you're touring.
Have Read More On this page at your medical insurance policy to find out what the coverage is if you travel exterior your own country. Chances are excessive that sooner or later, you'll travel previous your individual borders. There may be each chance that you will want well being care while you are away. Does your coverage cowl the price of any well being care you might need? You must know the answer to that question earlier than you ever set foot throughout the border.
Don't get carried away with taking too many pictures on your trip. Some individuals get so caught up in taking photos of the whole lot that they overlook to experience the culture and landmarks. Take a few photos, but in addition be sure that to spend enough time exterior of the lens to get pleasure from your journey to the fullest. | <urn:uuid:319b4cad-a50c-444c-b533-5803d518d2c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogfreely.net/homepump4/some-modes-of-journey-are-cheaper-than-others | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.955051 | 508 | 1.617188 | 2 |
In this video, a skull is casted from plaster of Paris and a candle with a dripping effect is added to the casted skull. A hole is drilled into the top to fit a tea light candle with the finished model emulating a dripping candle over a skull. A suitable prop for this time of the year – Halloween, plus a dark piece of decor for all year round.
The model created in this video is built in view of making a latex mold, to cast further reproductions in concrete. the model will be used as the template or pattern to make the latex mold. How to make the model and a paint effects example are shown in this video. You can find out how to make a latex mold on the Dramamask Evolution channel.
If you enjoyed this video, please like and share. 🙂
Any comments, please post below. 🙂
Subscribe at: www.youtube.com/dramamask2011
For molding and casting enthusiasts, please visit: www.diymolds.com
Music by Angel Rust
Make & Sculpt A Wood Stump Tea Light Candle Holder: https://youtu.be/6yocuNhUmFg
Cast A Concrete Tea Light Candle Holder: https://youtu.be/nIbzX78evyk
Make & Sculpt A Celtic Plaque: https://youtu.be/irwl__pX11Q
Make A Gargoyle | Sculpting | Molding | Casting | Painting Effects | Full Series: https://youtu.be/e3qu–QknLI
Make A Hand Lifecast With Alginate & Plaster Of Paris: https://youtu.be/g5HmOXGA82E
Make A Concrete Leaf: https://youtu.be/xmlXV_dqFUI
[amazon_link asins=’B00HHRJW2G’ template=’ProductCarousel’ store=’dramamaskwordpress-21′ marketplace=’UK’ link_id=’4671ab11-be68-11e7-9bc4-87894709416c’] | <urn:uuid:41b9b781-7d94-4b42-9d91-0ae01be775fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.dramamaskevolution.com/tag/candle/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.680501 | 538 | 1.703125 | 2 |
guys how do you start the course
What do you mean?
Watch the first lecture and you should be able to take it from there. You should also (after watching the first lecture) check out the course documents and make sure you have python 2.6 installed properly: http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-00-introduction-to-computer-science-and-programming-fall-2008/assignments/getting_started.pdf
Join our real-time social learning platform and learn together with your friends! | <urn:uuid:5754b70d-b406-420f-ab0a-54676318d0a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://questioncove.com/updates/4e5983150b8b1f45b47af5dd | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.893372 | 127 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Peculiarities of Distance Learning Platforms Usage in Law Enforcement Educational Institutions during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Keywords:distance learning platforms, law enforcement educational institutions, Covid-19 Pandemic
The article reviews the peculiarities of distance learning platforms usage in law enforcement educational institutions during the Covid-19 pandemic. Distance learning at U.S. Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, which is based on the Online Campus have been substantiated. Particular attention is paid to topical issues of training on such online training mod-ules of the Campus: crime scene, driving training, drugs, firearms, health, interviews, investigation, law, topography, maritime training, personal security, technical means, terrorism, stopping vehicles, etc. There are also programs to study the courses "Small Arms" and "Use of Force" in the online training modules of the Campus. The specifics of professional training of border guards in Asian countries have been revealed: the use of platforms of law enforcement agencies; focus of training on the devel-opment of basic competencies and the ability to solve problem situations; the opportunity to take online courses for all categories of staff at a con-venient time; creation of a three-level round-the-clock system of functioning of training of specialists. Peculiarities of professional training of border guards of European countries have been outlined considering the usage of both the platforms of institutions and joint platforms of international organizations, namely: web platform Virtual Aula of Agency FRONTEX; CEPOL DL (e-Net) web platform; European Coast Guard Training (ECGTP) platforms; ILIAS EU Mission EUBAM; Connect & Learn UNHCR; UNODC and others. Special attention is paid to the capabilities of the Virtual Aula web platform for training teachers, instructors, external experts, etc. Web platform Virtual Aula of Agency FRONTEX presents up-to-date information on educational programs conducted in Europe. Characteristics of distance learning platforms usage in higher law enforcement educational institutions in Ukraine have been presented. Distance learning course of the English language for border guards have been developed and implemented. Considerable attention is also paid to the disclosure of online assessment of knowledge: the test of self-control on the topics, modules, and procedure of final assessment.
Berea, G. (2015). Socialization – Continuous Transformational Process. Logos Uni-versality Mentality Education Novelty, Section: Social Sciences, IV(1), 167-175. http://lumenjournals.com/social-sciences/.
Bloshchynskyi, I. H. (2017a). Usage of Anki specialised program application during future Border Guard officers’ independent foreign language professional training for passing state examination]. Information technologies and learning tools, 58(2), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.33407/itlt.v58i2.1605
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Postmodern Openings Journal has an Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs | <urn:uuid:09fd62e0-d035-41a4-8fd5-113a5c121c90> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lumenpublishing.com/journals/index.php/po/article/view/4934 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.80391 | 2,307 | 2.265625 | 2 |
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Looking to stay up to date on your CEUs? Have producers asking conservation-specific questions you don’t feel confident answering? Looking to host a training and want to avoid conflicts for your audience? You have come to the right place.
Explore our Conservation Calendar for information on conservation-related events and trainings hosted across Wisconsin and beyond.
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Creating or Supporting a Healthy Lakes & Rivers Grant Program for Your County’s Lakes and/or Associations
September 16, 2020 @ 10:00 am - 11:00 amFree
Healthy Lakes & Rivers (www.healthylakeswi.com) is a statewide initiative promoting and often funding five relatively simple and inexpensive best practices to improve habitat and prevent erosion on shoreland properties. This webinar will include staff from Marquette and Polk counties and DNR. They will share a program overview, approaches for counties to participate, how to provide projects and technical assistance to landowners, answers to grant questions, etc.
Have a training you don’t see listed? Reach out to us and let us know. | <urn:uuid:baeaf9fc-20fa-4f2e-a618-1c52f339e2ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://conservationprotraining.org/event/creating-or-supporting-a-healthy-lakes-rivers-grant-program-for-your-countys-lakes-and-or-associations/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.902418 | 240 | 1.664063 | 2 |
We can honestly say that we’re very jealous of women who can grow their hair pretty fast without using any additional treatments or products. Unfortunately, growing your hair even a couple of centimeters can be very difficult, thus, in this article we’ve prepared some useful tips on how to grow your hair faster!
1. Stop washing your hair every day. By using shampoo, we wash away not only grease and styling products but also sebum, which moisturizes and protects the skin and hair. Therefore, due to frequent washing, the hair loses its natural shine, becomes weaker, and more susceptible to aggressive external factors.
2. Choose SLS-free shampoos. This shampoo shouldn’t contain SLS (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate) and SLES (Sodium Laureth Sulfate). Instead of sulfates, which make up the foam, the sulfate-free shampoo contains natural ingredients. That is why it cleans more gently than regular shampoo and doesn’t wash away the sebum so much. We recommend using keratin shampoo and conditioner.
3. Be careful with hair growth activators. These products can be classified as serious weapons. However, hair stylists don’t recommend buying all the products the manufacturers of which promise you a quick result. Experts are especially skeptical about shampoos for hair growth.
Hair growth shampoos are often just a marketing ploy.
4. Regularly visit the hairstylist. The wish to keep every millimeter of hair is understandable and natural. But still, teach yourself to regularly visit the hair salon for a cut. Hairstylists recommend cutting your hair at least once every three months.
5. Don’t forget about hair smoothing treatment. Keratin hair treatment or botox hair treatment can make your hair super obedient and healthy. Besides, your hair will be absolutely smooth, thus, it will look longer! | <urn:uuid:2575db3d-e494-440c-aecb-1f1c6fcbda3c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.brkeratin.biz/ar/blogs/news/5-tips-on-how-to-grow-your-hair-faster | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.928126 | 397 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Can you really vape vitamins? That’s the claim from companies like VitaCig, the latest innovation from a group that built a marijuana e-cig and is working on an alcoholic one.
VitaCig is a "nicotine-free e-cig that delivers a water-vapor mixed with vitamins and organic flavors." All VitaCigs are said to contain Vitamins A, B, C, E, and CoQ10, an enzyme complex the American Cancer Society says may have beneficial health effects but has not been adequately studied.
The $5 disposable devices comes in five varieties: Calm, Relax, Refresh, Grace, and Energize, each boasting attendant health benefits. VitaCig users — some of whom are also shareholders of its parent company mCig’s penny stock — say they love it.
A VitaCig contains 1 IU of Vitamin A, or 1/5000th of the daily recommended dose
However, the health claims are thin. To start, the amount of vitamins in each VitaCig is low to negligible. If you’re an adult woman, one VitaCig contains 1/11th of your daily recommended dose of Vitamin B1, 1/150th of your daily Vitamin E, 1/750th of your daily Vitamin C, and just 1/5000th of your daily Vitamin A.
Inhalation is also an inefficient way to ingest vitamins, says John Newsam, a chemist with Tioga Research and a member of the American Chemical Society (ACS), because the particles must be very small in order to travel deep into the lungs where there is close contact with blood vessels.
For that reason, inhalation is usually reserved as a delivery mechanism for medicines that require very small doses or target the lungs themselves, like asthma inhalers. For vitamins, it makes little sense — especially since taking vitamins in pill form is highly effective.
That means even less than the measly 1 IU of Vitamin A in a VitaCig will actually make it into your body. The bit that does is more likely to enter through the mucous membranes in your mouth rather than through the lungs, contrary to claims on VitaCig’s website. "In practical reality, you’re actually delivering very little material by this route, even if it works perfectly," Newsam says.
VitaCig says it has done no testing on how much of the vitamin is actually ingested.Furthermore, vitamins can change their chemical composition when heated, which could cause them to lose their potency or degrade into something harmful, says Portland State University professor and ACS member James Pankow.
VitaCig says it has done no testing on what happens to vitamins when heated in the device.
Although the company’s website is splashed with a giant banner that says "Vitamin Electronic Cigarette" and much of the marketing materials discuss vitamins, CEO Mark Linkhorst says the "vita" does not stand for "vitamin." "Vita is ‘life’ in Latin," he tells The Verge.
VitaCig never says explicitly that vaping vitamins will make you healthy. Everything is implied. The company also lumps aroma additives into the same "supplemental facts" list as vitamins, implying they have health benefits. Those handwavey "supplemental facts" lists are the main content on the "science" section of the website.
Linkhorst seemed torn on the importance of vitamins to VitaCig.
"We’re not claiming that this is in any way a way to consume vitamins and to be healthier."
"We’re not claiming that this is in any way a way to consume vitamins and to be healthier," he says. "It’s just an ingredient added to an e-liquid, of which there’s thousands out there." (About 8,000, according to the World Health Organization.) "But not many are using vitamins," he adds, a nod to the VitaCig’s uniqueness in the market.
There are other e-cig suppliers advertising a vitamin-enhanced experience. Vitamin Smoke e-liquid advertises Vitamin C, Echinacea, and Vitamin B12 in addition to caffeine and nicotine. Anasazi Vapors offers herbal blends and "vitamin adders" — one customer reportedly said vaping the vitamin-enhanced "Nutri-Mix" made him feel 18 again.
Vita Vapes, a competitor to VitaCig, is careful to say that you can’t vape all the vitamins you need. "Vaping vitamins is an alternative method of supplementing vitamins," the company says on its website. "We recommend it to those who are looking for a new way outside of taking vitamin pills." Vita Vapes claims it is possible to deliver the daily dose of Vitamin B12 through vapor, but makes no promises. It also acknowledges that "a good portion of the atomized solution is expelled when exhaled."
The issue of vaping vitamins is subordinate, or course, to the question of whether vaping is safe at all. The WHO says there is "insufficient evidence to conclude that e-cigarettes help users quit smoking" and that more research is needed to determine the full health effects. This uncertainty has undermined the effort to regulate the booming industry, and the Food and Drug Administration is still refining the rules it drafted in April.
The issue of vaping vitamins is subordinate to the question of whether vaping is safe at all
In the uncertain regulatory environment, e-cig companies are getting bolder about pushing bogus health claims. VitaCig says its "Grace" e-cig contains collagen for "vaporized skincare," but Pankow says collagen isn’t volatile. "Delivering collagen by e-cigarettes is absurd," he says.
With names like "Vita Vapes" and "VitaCig," these companies are clearly trying to make it sound like their products are healthy. What’s not as clear is whether their customers really care one way or the other. Joseph Yarbrough is a VitaCig shareholder who uses the product as a substitute for tobacco. He would feel "very disappointed in being misled," if it turned out that VitaCig wasn’t delivering vitamins, he says. But at the same time, he doesn’t care how many vitamins he’s getting. The product makes people feel like they’re being healthy, he says, so why does it matter? It all boils down to the argument all e-cig users make when their habit is challenged: it’s still better than cigarettes. Probably. | <urn:uuid:2251d977-8106-4e6b-961c-142aae2651d9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theverge.com/2014/8/28/6078267/don-t-listen-to-e-cig-companies-that-claim-you-can-vape-vitamins | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.942739 | 1,368 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Visa-free movement between four Commonwealth allies gets support from over 200,000 people
Posted on September 10, 2016
Visa-free movement between the UK, Australia, Canada and New Zealand has received support from more than 200,000 citizens of these four countries.
The Commonwealth Freedom of Movement Organisation’s petition on change.org has gathered the support of 161,896 people, while more than 45,000 signed a separate parliament e-petition.
These movement’s supporters say that as the UK is now geared up to leave the European Union’s free movement zone, it is in its interest to follow similar agreements with its old associates in the Commonwealth.
As per the parliament petition, which is a recent poll by the Commonwealth Exchange, 70 percent of Australians, 58 percent of Britons, 82 percent of New Zealanders and 75 percent of Canadians approve free movement between these four countries.
In the parliament petition, it is stated that the shared language, culture and values would make Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the UK major partners in a freedom of movement pact.
Express.co.uk was quoted as saying that in 2015, Britain’s issuance of visas to citizens of Australia, Canada and New Zealand increased by 5.3 percent, 4.6 percent and 21.2 percent, respectively, when compared to the year prior to it.
If the population is factored in, the percentage of work visas granted to Australians, New Zealanders and Canadian by Britain is higher than those for any other country.
In fact, citizens of Australia, New Zealand and the UK are already eligible to travel to Canada without a visitor visa so long as they have a passport, are in good health, have financial resources to support themselves and are without a criminal record.
James Skinner, the founder of The Commonwealth Freedom of Movement Organisation, said that they have option to advance their immigration policies, as independent nations, and restore the free movement protocols that have been in hibernation.
Boris Johnson, the UK foreign secretary, had earlier appealed to Britain and Australia to come up with a free labour mobility zone to encourage intermingling of people of these two countries.
If you want to travel to any of the above-mentioned four countries, approach Y-Axis to get help and assistance to file for a visa at one of the 19 offices located in all of India’s major cities. | <urn:uuid:b96dc205-a304-4476-a948-7a7d2f3d59d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.y-axis.com/visa-movement-commonwealth-allies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.963521 | 493 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Brain Development,psychology homework help – Excelsior Writers | excelsiorwriters.com
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Brain-based education suggests that physical exercise is important for brain development. Research has shown that in addition to physical exercise, other activities focus on stimulating the social development and intellectual development of young children.
Gerry, who is still incapable of jumping with both feet, may not be invited to join in a game of jump rope. This is an example of how a child’s individual characteristics (motor skills in this case) can affect context (social environment) and influence development (LeFrancois, 2012).
Reflect back on your own development as a child, or on the development of a child you know, and provide an example of how individual characteristics affected development. Using the text and other scholarly resources, provide some suggested activities or strategies that would provide the necessary support to enhance the affected development. For example, Gerry’s teacher notices she is being excluded from the game of jump rope and intervenes by showing Gerry how to twirl the rope. Gerry is now included socially, despite her delayed motor development.
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Once upon a time, there was a bird. The bird did not know its mother, nor its father.
It lived alone, in the factory, looking down on people. Watching them. Analysing them.
It puzzled the little bird, who were these big ant-like beings? They came every day, every morning. They ordered themselves along the moving line. They left when the night had fallen.
One day, there was something different. Somebody came, made a lot of noise and all of them left. The bird followed them. But seeing that, it had run away. Until the wings were too painful to continue.
These thing were nothing like ants. | <urn:uuid:3ec52c59-7e88-4b34-8d28-16c9161cd007> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://sarajaksa.eu/2014/06/unwilling-bird-fiction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.994786 | 138 | 1.585938 | 2 |
What is believed to be the first traditional African gay wedding took place in KwaDukuza, South Africa, on the weekend.
Tshepo Modisane and Thoba Sithole, both 27 years old, married in front of 200 guests at the Stanger Siva Sungam community hall, fully dressed in traditional costumes and following a Zulu rite.
Gay marriage has been legal in South Africa since 2006 and the country is generally considered to be the most advanced in the continent on LGBT issues, despite widespread discrimination and violence against gay and trans people.
Tshepo, an audit manager, and Thoba, an IT specialist, now are thinking about having a child with a surrogate mother.
They told News 24: ‘It is important that we have children as want to have a build a family together.
‘Family is important to us and that is the number one reason why we want to have children.
‘We also want our children to grow up in an environment where they are loved greatly by both parents who appreciate them.’
The video of their traditional marriage is going viral on YouTube. The couple has been interviewed by the national and international press.
The couple highlighted that ‘we’ve been supported by our families, but we want to inspire people out there who are still struggling to come to terms with their sexuality.’
Watch the video: | <urn:uuid:07a2c3ea-d5d4-4658-adff-075ad788b04f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/first-traditional-same-sex-zulu-marriage-south-africa090413/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.976342 | 287 | 1.953125 | 2 |
- The list below includes 37 free or cheap things to do in or near Belle Fourche, South Dakota, including 28 different types of inexpensive activities like History Museums, Monuments, Bus Tours and Specialty Museums.
- From Center of the Nation Monument to Tri-State Museum, there are a variety of budget-friendly attractions in Belle Fourche and in nearby cities within 25 miles like Spearfish, Deadwood, Lead and Sturgis.
76% 50 votes
8220 Elk Creek Road, Piedmont, SD 57769 MoreLess Info
Within the Elk Creek Resort is the Petrified Forest of the Black Hills. The site is one of the largest out-croppingsof fossilized petrified wood in the region and features a one hour tour that includes a 15 minute video overview of the attraction.
Devil's Tower National Monument is a huge, naturally-occurring geological formation. Considered sacred by the Lakota tribe, the site was named by Theodore Roosevelt as the country's first national monument.
Thunderhead Falls is the oldest gold mine open to the public in the Black Hills area. The journey of the 1878 miners is detailed at the site, and guests can enjoy the falls themselves which is essentially eight cubic feet of water spewing vertically for more than 30 feet. | <urn:uuid:a2f0316a-bb22-4705-afbd-99d9c895dfad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tripbuzz.com/free-things-to-do/belle-fourche-sd/page-5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.930032 | 292 | 1.507813 | 2 |
A bio is a thorough account of an individual’s life. It includes more than basic realities, including a person’s perspective on life events. It is frequently the basis of a book or movie. Biographies are preferred reviews for pupils and grownups. Right here are some pointers to aid you compose a bio:
Recognize the function of your biography. Some bios concentrate on the topic’s life or job, while others are a lot more basic. Writers have to decide what elements of the life the subject has actually selected to highlight. A great bio should not focus on the person’s very early years, which have little or no influence on the character’s wartime actions. A student bio, as an example, should concentrate on existing activities and also future goals. When writing a pupil biography, use the 3rd individual viewpoint (POV).
Bio came to be preferred in the Middle Ages. Early biographies concentrated on gods, but ended up being prominent in Europe during the Renaissance. Bios of kings, knights, as well as dictators were likewise preferred. A biographer called Sir Thomas Malory created a biography of King Arthur. A brand-new focus on humanism urged authors to write in the vernacular. By the 16th century, there were numerous remarkable bios of essential figures in European history.
One more category of bio is the autobiography. Memoirs are composed by the writer, as well as commonly span the author’s entire life. Saint Augustine, for instance, composed his autobiography in 400. Autobiographies can be fascinating reads, as they give readers a look of a person’s life. Maya Angelou, a civil rights lobbyist and also prize-winning writer, composed six memoirs. There are a lot more.
Historic biographies provide people who were buried without much acknowledgment their due. Several of these bios are based upon several sources, and also authors need to take a look at a person’s viewpoint against numerous points of view. Some sources will contradict each other. The biographer must determine which info to consist of. The biographer has to additionally determine what is very important. This way, they can be a miner’s canary. Ultimately, a biography writer will certainly provide their subject the necessary limelight.
A bio is a detailed account of a person’s life, created by someone else. Biographies offer readers with details that is typically unavailable to the general public. A biography’s objective is to enlighten the visitor regarding a person’s life. Whether the topic is a celebrity or an obscure one, a biography can aid people comprehend a person’s trip with his/her individual and professional experiences. If it’s composed well, biographies can be helpful tools for advancing education and also understanding.
As the title suggests, memoirs supply the readers with a character sketch of the storyteller. The narrator’s education, work, as well as success are additionally provided. Guide may consist of details from the storyteller’s childhood as well as their teenager years. Autobiographies can be composed with or without authorization from the subject of the tale. They may consist of mistakes as a matter of fact, yet they are not always unreliable.
An excellent biographer will certainly have the ability to write a fascinating and fascinating fact-based account of their subject. They will certainly show the commonness as well as differences between individuals and also their neighborhoods and suggest ways to boost the human race. When choosing a bio, nonetheless, make certain to think about the type of tale that you wish to read. An imaginary scholastic biography, an imaginary account, or a pythonic bio. As soon as you’ve picked a category, you’ll be better planned for writing a bio.
A biographies began to create during the very early Middle Ages, as the Roman Catholic Church ended up being the database for early history in Europe. Anchorites, monks, as well as clergymans wrote bios of renowned church leaders and saints. These jobs were planned to inspire conversion. An instance of this is the Life of Charlemagne, composed by Albert Einhard. It was also a time when the English language established. Nevertheless, the Renaissance was additionally a time of change in biography, and also James Boswell’s Life of Samuel Johnson reshaped the category.
Simply put, a biography is an account of an individual’s life. It includes details of their life events, consisting of the highlights and also lowlights of their life. Biographies are usually written in the 3rd individual, as well as they contain lots of dates, photos, and also sometimes also biographers’ own experiences. Biographies of famous people are taken into consideration one of the most useful sorts of nonfiction publications. This is because the visitor can be ensured of the authenticity of the details they review.
While bios are often nonfiction, they also compose a significant portion of annual magazines. Some are even organized, as when it comes to The Miracle Worker, which tells the tale of Helen Keller. Others have been turned into films, such as Unbroken (2014 ). Biographies can be adjusted to inform an engaging story regarding a life that changed the globe. So, if you are trying to find an inspiring book about a person’s life, you ought to attempt a biography.
In short, a biography is a story concerning someone else’s life. Memoirs, on the other hand, are written by the subject themselves. A memoir is a narrative of the author’s life, which is generally sequential. It focuses on essential events in the life of the topic, as well as is written in the initial person. Memoirs are also subjective, so they are typically written in the later stages of an individual’s life. View website
Autobiographies are an additional typical category. Autobiographies often concentrate on a single facet of an individual’s life. For example, Augusten Burroughs composed Toil & Trouble, while Mikel Jollett’s Hollywood Park states his youth in a cult, his getaway from the cult, as well as his rise to popularity with the band Airborne Hazardous Event. Barack Obama’s very first memoir takes a detailed look at his very first four years in office. | <urn:uuid:cfbe41ca-c38c-4f94-a187-9b50c287f00c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.berkeleytraininganddevelopment.com/2022/07/13/precious-tips-to-help-you-get-better-at-bio-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.971419 | 1,310 | 2.71875 | 3 |
South Florida Scientists Crack 'Death Star' Challenge In HIV Vaccine Research
South Florida researchers believe they're one step closer to developing a more effective vaccine against HIV, after overcoming a virus that infects monkeys.
Nicknamed the "Death Star," SIVmac239 is a particularly resilient immunodeficiency virus that features the same obstacles that have vexed HIV vaccine researchers over the years: the outer layers around the viruses mutate quickly. It's like the immune system is trying to track a shapeshifter—a defense against the viruses works, and then it doesn't.
"SIVmac239 has been the bane of vaccine researchers for, gosh, decades," said Dr. Michael Farzan, part of the Scripps Research team that just published their work in the journal Science Translational Medicine. "And it's been suggested that [SIVmac239] is, and I think this is accurate, more difficult to protect from than most human viruses."
The idea, explains Farzan, is that if you can stop the Death Star, you're on your way to a vaccine against HIV.
To crack the SIVmac239 challenge, the Scripps team tried something new. They developed a protein in the lab that they suspected would knock out the Death Star. Then they packaged it with a benign little virus. They injected that virus into muscle cells of macaque monkeys. And then they dosed the monkeys with SIVmac239 and waited to see what would happen.
The monkeys were protected from the virus.
"The ability to protect against this particular virus is a noteworthy event," said Farzan.
The next step will be for researchers to see if the lab-made protein and delivery methods are safe in humans. If that works, they can explore whether it's as effective in people as it is in macaques.
South Florida has the highest rates of new HIV cases in the country—something Farzan thinks about when he works in the lab. On a long enough timeline, he hopes this research will help people who are already HIV positive and people who are high risk for becoming positive.
"We're motivated by trying to help those people—by providing them with something that they can walk into a clinic once, and then not worry about," he said.
Copyright 2020 WLRN 91.3 FM. To see more, visit WLRN 91.3 FM. | <urn:uuid:71df6292-2a86-41bd-988c-49a4233b6b94> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://health.wusf.usf.edu/health-news-florida/2019-08-01/south-florida-scientists-crack-death-star-challenge-in-hiv-vaccine-research | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.968214 | 492 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Product manufacturers typically can be held liable for injuries caused by a defective product under several legal theories. One legal theory, referred to as strict liability, focuses on the product itself rather than the conduct of the manufacturer. If a product contains design defects, manufacturing defects, or inadequate warnings, the manufacturer may be strictly liable for any harm the product causes; this means that the degree of care the manufacturer exercised in creating the product is irrelevant. Compared to other legal theories, such as negligence, strict liability is easier for a plaintiff to prove in court because it only requires showing that the product itself was defective at the time it left the manufacturer. However, strict liability usually only applies to commercial sellers of products, not to manufacturer-consumers who occasionally sell the products they create using at-home 3D printers. As a result, a person who is injured by a product created using a 3D printer should not be able to sue the product’s creator under a theory of strict liability.
It also would be difficult for an injured person to bring a strict liability claim against the designer of a digital blueprint used to create a product on a 3D printer because the law typically defines a “product” as (1) tangible personal property distributed commercially for use or consumption that (2) is expected to and does reach the user or consumer without substantial change. First, a digital blueprint likely would be considered purely as information used by the 3D printer to create a specific product and would therefore be considered intangible personal property. Second, a digital blueprint is substantially changed when a 3D printer creates a product according to its plan. Consequently, a judge may refuse to hold a designer of a digital blueprint strictly liable for injuries caused by the 3D printer’s end-product.
With the creator of the product and the designer of the digital blueprint only potentially liable under the harder-to-prove negligence theory (because this theory requires consideration of the degree of care used by a defendant), when it comes to examining who in the 3D printing world most likely would be subject to strict liability it is the manufacturers of the printers who come to the forefront. A person who is harmed by a product created using a 3D printer would need to establish that at the time it left the manufacturer the printer was defective in design or manufacture or contained inadequate warnings, and that this defect was the cause of the person’s injuries. Although this potential liability could on some level be overwhelming, manufacturers of 3D printers can attempt to minimize their risk. In many regards, the potential liability for 3D printer manufacturers is not different than that of other product manufacturers. Additionally, manufacturers could incorporate software into their 3D printers that restricts the creation of firearms to address concerns about potentially dangerous uses of the technology. In addition to offering various control features, manufacturers could require their customers to agree to certain terms of purchase and/or include liability disclaimers.
Under current law, in the realm of 3D printing a strict liability claim would be most likely to succeed, if at all, against a manufacturer. Thus, as 3D printers become more accessible to consumers and injuries result from their end-products, manufacturers should be mindful of the possibility of product liability lawsuits (especially strict liability ones) and work to mitigate their exposure.
Let us know your thoughts on liability in the 3D printing world over at 3DPB.com in the Product Liability Implications in 3D Printing forum thread.
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In today’s 3D Printing News Briefs, starting with business, manufacturing company Fast Radius recently cut 20% of its workforce. Then, Xometry has introduced new digital sourcing tools and more. A... | <urn:uuid:375ed48a-4363-4aab-9b66-92dca1245d52> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://3dprint.com/32504/3d-printing-product-liability/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.951536 | 984 | 2.4375 | 2 |
GBNews published this video item, entitled “National Insurance rise is ‘disappointing’ says Dehenna Davison” – below is their description.
‘It’s disappointing… I thought we had a real chance of getting the Prime Minister and the Chancellor to change their minds on this’
Conservative MP and GB News presenter Dehenna Davison discusses the National Insurance rise.
Watch GB News on Freeview 236, Sky HD 515, Virgin Media HD 626, YouView 236 and Freesat HD 216.GBNews YouTube Channel
Got a comment? Leave your thoughts in the comments section, below. Please note comments are moderated before publication.
In This Story: National Insurance
National Insurance (NI) is a fundamental component of the welfare state in the United Kingdom. It acts as a form of social security, since payment of NI contributions establishes entitlement to certain state benefits for workers and their families.
Introduced by the National Insurance Act 1911 and expanded by in 1948, the system has been subjected to numerous amendments in succeeding years. Initially, it was a contributory form of insurance against illness and unemployment, as well as eventually provided retirement pensions and other benefits.
Weekly income and some lump-sum benefits are provided for participants upon death, retirement, unemployment, maternity and disability. In order to obtain the benefits which are related to the contributions, a National Insurance number is necessary. | <urn:uuid:5117058f-4d27-4904-a525-b79aef22d3f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theglobalherald.com/news/national-insurance-rise-is-disappointing-says-dehenna-davison/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.943166 | 293 | 1.8125 | 2 |
The US has ordered all non-essential diplomats to leave Yemen and urged all Americans there to depart as security conditions deteriorate, with the country's embattled leader refusing to step down.
The decision to tell most non-essential personnel and the families of all American staff at the US embassy in the capital, Sana'a, to leave is a sign of Washington's increasing concern about the situation in Yemen, where street battles between supporters and opponents of the Yemeni president, Ali Abdullah Saleh, raged for a third day. The clashes have left at least 41 dead and dozens badly injured.
"The security threat level in Yemen is extremely high due to terrorist activities and civil unrest," the US state department said. "There is ongoing civil unrest throughout the country and large-scale protests in major cities."
It noted that violent clashes were occurring in Sana'a and "may escalate without notice".
The "ordered departure" notice came in a travel warning for Yemen released as the Obama administration stepped up calls for Saleh to transfer power under an agreement negotiated by neighbouring Gulf states.
Speaking in London earlier on Wednesday, the US president, Barack Obama, called on Saleh to "move immediately" to implement the agreement. Saleh has reneged three times on verbal commitments to step down.
The earlier US travel alert for Yemen issued in March had allowed non-essential embassy staff and their families to leave at government expense. It had also urged Americans not to go to Yemen but had only told those already in the country to consider leaving.
The latest alert followed a defiant message from Saleh, who vowed not to step down or allow Yemen to become a "failed state". His stance, combined with renewed fighting, has increased the likelihood that Yemen's three-month uprising could turn into a militia-led revolt after Arab mediation failed to end Saleh's 32-year rule.
"I will not leave power and I will not leave Yemen," a spokesman, Ahmed al-Soufi, quoted Saleh as saying.
He also took a direct swipe at US-backed efforts to negotiate his exit. "I don't take orders from outside," said Saleh's statement, read by the spokesman in a meeting with tribal allies.
"Yemen will not be a failed state. It will not turn into an al-Qaida refuge," the statement added in another response to western fears that chaos in Yemen would open the door for an al-Qaida offshoot to expand its operations. The Yemen-based cell, Al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula, is linked to the attempted Christmas Day 2009 bombing of an airline over Detroit and explosives found in parcels intercepted last year in Dubai and Britain.
Despite his tough talk, Saleh's statement also promised he would try to keep the latest violence from "dragging the country into a civil war".
The clashes began on Monday after Saleh's troops tried to storm the compound of the head of Yemen's largest tribe, the Hashid. Hundreds of tribal fighters responded with fierce attacks on government forces. | <urn:uuid:3dc2e8a3-6fc6-4c1d-9279-faaa36d9c769> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/26/us-orders-diplomats-leave-yemen | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.973616 | 616 | 1.578125 | 2 |
The difficulty of fleeing from bombing and war to find safety in a faraway country forged Jelena Aleksic’s determination to make the most of life, a principle which has guided her ever since.
‘Even though I was in a strange place, and only young, I realised there were opportunities all around me,’ she says. ‘So I told myself I was lucky, given what was going on at home, and would make sure I took them.’
Jelena grew up in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia, in the 1990s, when the region was plagued by conflict. The country was ruled by Slobodan Milosevic, a brutal dictator, and under economic sanctions. That backdrop formed one of Jelena’s earliest memories, and first challenges in life.
‘There were power cuts, so we used to meet up with neighbours and play cards together to pass the time. New banknotes were being printed continuously because of hyper-inflation. I used to help my grandmother with counting the zeroes to go shopping. I remember we got as high as a 50 billion dinar note.’
Jelena’s family actively protested against Milosevic, and she joined in the protests throughout her childhood.
‘We knew it could be dangerous, because he’d send the police against demonstrators,’ she says. ‘But it was the right thing to do.’
The protests led to a personal discovery which became a touchstone of Jelena’s life; the power of truth. Despite thousands of people turning out on the streets, the state run media ignored the demonstrations.
‘I wanted to be a journalist. To tell the people what was really going on. I realised truth has the power to change the world. That truth could eventually win through against the lies.’
Jelena helped out at one of the radio stations that were broadcasting uncensored news. But the fighting worsened, and by 1998 NATO was threatening to bomb Belgrade.
Her mother, a civil engineer, was offered a job in Britain, at Aberdeen University. And so, aged 12, Jelena moved to Scotland.
‘It was a really big decision to make,’ she says. ‘It was a different culture, a different language and so difficult at first. I had no friends and felt lonely. But my mum and I supported each other, and we got through it.’
Jelena believes it was her refusal to give up that helped in those troubled times. ‘I’m curious by nature, which I think is a good thing. So I went out and learnt English, and got to know people, and the place. It took a couple of years. But when I made a good friend at school, at last life was feeling much better.’
She went to university in Edinburgh, to study Genetics, ‘because understanding the building blocks of life are one of the great truths of science.’ But there was a twist to her degree days.
No longer interested in becoming a journalist, Jelena found another new way to hunt down the truths of life.
‘I joined the philosophy society, and ended up running it. The first thing I had to deal with is that it was a couple of thousand pounds in debt, which is a lot when you’re a student. But we set about fundraising and soon sorted that out.’
Jelena was elected President of the society. And that became a formative moment in her life.
‘It was my first leadership role and I was very anxious. But I really enjoyed it and I realised I had the talent to be a leader.’
She graduated with a first class degree, applied to the University of Cambridge for a PhD, and won a prestigious scholarship in genetics from the Medical Research Council. Once more, Jelena’s fascination with finding the truth came to the fore, but this time in yet another form.
‘I was studying the early development of the brain,’ she says. ‘I was intrigued with understanding how life develops. It’s such a profound thing. I think scientists have a duty to discover the truth.’
Not content with unravelling the mysteries of life, Jelena found a new challenge to occupy her, and a dangerous one. The art of fire performance, which combines dance moves with spinning flaming objects like hoops and fans.
‘I saw someone doing it at a party in Edinburgh, and told myself I had to give it a try,’ she says. ‘But I wanted to do it in front of thousands of people.’
Months of hard practice culminated in a moment Jelena will never forget. Leading a team, performing outside King’s College, as part of the celebrations of Cambridge University’s eight hundredth anniversary.
‘It felt fantastic. There were thousands of people there and it was such a buzz. I was so proud of what we achieved.’
But on the academic front, life for Jelena was proving more worrying, leaving her with another problem to solve.
‘I realised I didn’t really like lab work. I’m more of an ideas person than actually doing the experiments. So it was hard to keep going.’
Again however, rather than give up, she changed direction in the search for fulfilment. Jelena shifted her PhD into computational biology, analysing complex data, and received her doctorate.
Alongside her work in academia, she searched out another new challenge. During her doctoral studies, Jelena had heard about, and found inspiring, a charity, TREND; Teaching and Research in Natural Sciences in Africa. Now suitably qualified, she investigated further, and couldn’t resist the appeal.
‘I loved it, the work was so fulfilling,’ she says. ‘It felt like I was really making a difference.’
She taught courses in Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya, helping African researchers to understand the latest scientific techniques.
‘Empowering people and giving them the chance to unlock their potential was inspiring. It felt like an impactful thing to do.’
Back in Cambridge, Jelena rediscovered an interest in the field of rare diseases. It was an area she had experienced during her PhD. ‘I admired the dedication and determination of the scientists,’ she said. ‘Trying to help people who are suffering and often badly served by medicine because their illnesses are so rare.’
She started a company, GeneAdviser, to enable faster diagnostics of rare genetic conditions. Starting from nothing, Jelena created an online market place for clinical genetic tests, raised hundreds of thousands of pounds, built a team, and protected her technology.
‘It was initially a success, working with 15 different countries,’ she says. ‘But advances in DNA sequencing meant the process became cheaper, which undercut our business model. The work wasn’t wasted, though. We told the NHS all about the system and they saw its potential, so they took it on. I’m proud to say they still use it.’
The company closed, but, as always, making the most of any opportunities, Jelena wrote a book about her experiences, The Entrepreneur Survival Guide.
‘Writing helps me process what I’ve been through, but I wanted to help others too. So much of the journey of starting a business is hard, and I wanted others to have the benefit of what I learnt.’
Jelena’s latest adventure is to set up SparkBio, a life sciences consultancy in Cambridge. ‘There are a lot of potential connections between business and science, which could help all of society,’ she says.
‘I always think that if you can’t do some good in life, what’s the point of getting out of bed in the morning?’
Alongside her work, Jelena writes and performs poetry, something she sees as another incarnation in the pursuit of the truths of life. ‘It helps me to understand myself, others, and the world around me.’ And as if that wasn’t enough to fill her time, she has taken up a new hobby – powerlifting.
‘It feels good for women to strength train,’ she says on being able to squat 170kg. ‘There are a group of us who train together, and it’s empowering to be strong.’
In a rare moment of calm, reflecting on her life, and all her many experiences, Jelena has some simple tips for success and personal fulfilment.
Story was written by Simon Hall. | <urn:uuid:6520583f-3cb3-45cf-bb2c-ee02baece77a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://womenaheadoftheirtime.org/stories/jelena-aleksic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.982176 | 1,857 | 1.679688 | 2 |
When you try to do a Bare Metal Recovery to a new Windows 7 or 8 OS you are unable to see any shares even though you may successfully authenticate to the OS.
Windows 7 still creates the administrative shares on install, but you can’t use them out of the box. First of all, you need to have File and Printer Sharing enabled. And the way to do that has once again been changed:
- Open the control panel.
- Go to Network and Internet.
- Go to Network and Sharing Center.
- In the left column, click on Change advanced sharing settings.
- There are two profiles. You probably don’t want this on when you’re on a public network so open Home or Work.
- Under the header File and Printer sharing, select the Turn on… option.
If once File and Printer sharing has been enabled you are still unable to access the admin shares you will need to also complete the following registry change:
- Click on the orb (= the round button with the Windows logo in the taskbar) and type regedit in the search box.
- Open the registry editor.
- Navigate all the way to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System.
- Right-click in the pane on the right side and add a new DWORD (32-bit).
- Give the new setting the name LocalAccountTokenFilterPolicy.
- Double click on that setting and give it a value of 1.
Once the registry change has been applied, reboot your machine and you will now be able to access the admin shares and perform the Bare Metal Recovery.
Note. If the above still is not working also confirm that any HomeGroup settings within the OS are disabled as this has been known to cause issues with the Admin shares. | <urn:uuid:b036be2c-5a83-4bc8-8b58-05a11aa208d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://support.assurestor.com/support/solutions/articles/16000000042-unable-to-see-admin-shares-when-trying-to-do-a-bmr-to-windows-7-or-8 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.846232 | 392 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Monday marks one year since the worst mass shooting in modern history on the Las Vegas Strip.
Fifty-eight people were killed and several hundred more were injured during the Route 91 Harvest festival.
The shooter opened fire on country music fans listening to singer Jason Aldean from the Mandalay Bay hotel-casino.
After the shooting, the Las Vegas community banded together to support those who were affected that terrible night.
Immediately, thousands of people stood in line for hours at various locations around town to donate blood.
Events were quickly organized to raise funds for the victims and their families and fundraising campaigns were launched.
Various news organizations around the world sent journalists to Las Vegas and published hundreds of articles about the mass shooting.
The hashtag #VegasStrong was born. Since then, that hashtag has become #VegasStronger and that will be the theme throughout the day for the entire city.
The day of remembrance on Monday will begin with an official sunrise ceremony at 6:30 a.m. Gov. Brian Sandoval will speak at the ceremony along with others and there will be 58 seconds of silence. The governor has also ordered that all flags are to be flown at half-staff on Monday.
It will be followed by various events throughout the day including a prayer on the steps of city hall, multiple services at Las Vegas churches, candlelight vigils at local colleges and a car club ride down the Las Vegas Strip.
In addition, there will be an official dedication of the remembrance wall at 6:30 p.m. at the Las Vegas Healing Garden in downtown Las Vegas. KTNV will be there and will be broadcasting live from the garden.
And on Monday night, the iconic marquee lights on the Las Vegas Strip will go dark at 10:01 p.m. Those same marquees began display a message honoring the city's strength, unity and resiliency late Sunday night.
The day will official conclude with a reading of the names at the Las Vegas Healing Garden at 10:05 p.m. | <urn:uuid:2f405524-bd70-4ad4-a113-cc7673fcc61e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kshb.com/news/national/las-vegas-remembers-those-killed-in-mass-shooting-one-year-ago-today-strip-to-go-dark | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.960435 | 418 | 1.507813 | 2 |
In Fernbrook Road, opposite the railway embankment for platform 6 at Hither Green station, there is a row of bungalows which were built by Lewisham Borough Council sometime after the Second World War. They look slightly out of place in an area of Victorian terraces, like lots of other small sites in south east London – they were not there because of any defect of the original properties but because of bomb or rocket damage. Fernbrook Road was hit by a V-1 rocket, better known as a Doodlebug, on 23 June 1944 – which destroyed several houses and caused serious damage to others.
V-1 attacks had started on 13 June 1944 – a week after the D Day landings – and were to go on until October 1944 when the last V-1 site in range of Britain was captured, although there were a small number of later air launched attacks.
As was noted in a post a couple of years ago on the attack on Lewisham town centre, there appear to have been some attempts to use double agents to persuade the Germans that the V-1s were over-shooting their targets and landing to the north west of London, this may explain the reasons for the volume of V-1 rockets that hit South London. The old boroughs of Croydon (171), Wandsworth (122), Lewisham (115) and Woolwich (77) were the 4 locations hit the most. The Cities of London and Westminster only received 17 and 29 attacks respectively.
The V-1 exploded on impact and a blast wave rippled out from the impact point, effectively creating a vacuum in the centre – the combined impact was to both push and pull buildings leading to large numbers of collapses. The Impact was often spread over quite a wide area with total destruction in the centre with much less damage on the outside.
The map above (1) shows the damage surveyed by the London County Council, the circle to the north east of the railway shows the location of the Fernbrook Road V-1 (the adjacent one, in Nightingale Grove will be covered in a later post). The terrace of homes it hit was probably built by W J Scudamore and Sons – certainly the houses either side of those destroyed have the same square bays and details to others locally.
The extent of the devastation is clear – destroying or damaging beyond repair the immediate area but causing significant damage to the shops on Staplehurst Road and the houses behind, on Leahurst Road, along with some blast damage to the Station Hotel. Not showing on the map, there was also some damage to the Dartford Loop line (2).
There were 22 injuries (3) and two deaths in the attack on Fernbrook Road – Marjorie Annie Lewis and her father, George Samuel Atkins at 22 Fernbrook Road. Marjorie was 29 and listed as a Clerk in the 1939 Register, George was a Butchers Office Manager in 1939. George would have been survived by his wife Lily – a Lily Atkins of the right age remained in Lewisham until her death in 1959.
Marjorie had married Francis Lewis who was a Railway Porter after war broke out. Francis was living further down Fernbrook Road at 64a in 1939 with his parents and sister. It isn’t clear whether Francis had moved into 22 after their marriage or Marjorie was just visiting her parents at the time of the attack.
They weren’t the only World War Two civilian deaths in Fernbrook Road – Joyce Jones of 100 was to die a month later at Lewisham Hospital probably a victim of a later V-1 which hit there on 26 July 1944 and Henry Munyard from 106 who died in an attack on the London Power Station, along with eight of his work mates on 11 July 1944.
The Blitz, the ‘Dooblebugs’ and the later V2 rocket attacks had destroyed thousands of homes in south east London, leaving considerable numbers homeless. One of the responses was the Housing (Temporary Accommodation) Act 1944, which planned to deliver 300,000 prefabricated homes over 10 years, within a budget of £150 million. The temporary homes were designed to be quickly put up and last 10 years while more permanent solutions were found. Only half of that number was ever delivered due to a combination of costs being greater than expected and higher than traditional brick homes, and public expenditure cuts after 1947.
The old Borough of Lewisham put up 1,610 prefabs by 1948 and a further 1,088 by 1955. Many went up on parks and open spaces – the most obvious location for this was on the edge of Forster Memorial Park, the Excalibur Estate (see picture above – taken in 2014), which Running Past covered in one its earliest posts; but there were there were several dozen around the edge of Hillyfields, where they remained until the 1960s, along with several locations on Blackheath (source Britain from Above on a Creative Commons).
Many bombsites were cleared too, including on Boone Street in Lee. Fernbrook Road was another of these sites – the 1949 OS map (on a Creative Commons from the National Library of Scotland) shows them marked.
One of the families who lived in the five prefabs in Fernbrook Road was the Beech family, they had lived there before the V-1 rocket attack. The attack was recalled by Margaret (see comments below) who had been evacuated to Wales the week before the attack. Her mother and older sister were in a Morrison shelter when the rocket hit three doors away and miraculously they survived. They moved to relatives in Mottingham for the remainder of the war, returning to Fernbrook Road when the prefabs were built.
Unlike the prefabs of Excalibur, those in Fernbrook Road were relatively quickly replaced with bungalows, and a couple of houses at the southern end, probably in the late 1950s with a pair of semis at the far end of the new bungalows.
- Laurence Ward (2015) The London County Council Bomb Damage Maps 1939-1945 – permission has been given by the copyright owners of the map, the London Metropolitan Archives to use the image here
- Godfrey Smith (1997) ‘Hither Green: the Forgotten Hamlet : Including the Corbett Estate’ p64 | <urn:uuid:4a148c10-5117-4f3c-a9cf-ae0d78e07800> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://runner500.wordpress.com/2017/05/04/the-fernbrook-road-doodlebug-attack/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.983413 | 1,304 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Instruction for 252 Locomotive with driver and passenger.
252 Locomotive with driver and passenger building instruction or manual available to download for free! 🆓 Isn't it what you are looking for? Sure it is! 😃
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LEGO instructions - Building Set with People - 252 - Locomotive with driver and passenger
Video description: How to build the 1974 Lego Set This set has pieces 121 ----- If you like this LEGO archive, just subscribe to this channel. What you ...
The WORST LEGO TRAIN SET EVER MADE - Set 252 Locomotive from 1974
Video description: A look at the worst LEGO Train set ever made - set 252 Locomotive from 1974. Building Set With People with the Homemaker ...
Railroad crossing and train tracks - Lego Wild west MOC Update
Video description: This week I've been working on my Lego Wild West moc. If you feel inspired to buy lego products, you can do so by using the ... | <urn:uuid:f301c7b6-09be-412d-a1b5-838067549965> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://top3percent.org/252-locomotive-with-driver-and-passenger/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.907476 | 324 | 1.695313 | 2 |
“Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow; they neither toil nor spin, yet I tell you, even Solomon in all his glory was not clothed like one of these. But if God so clothes the grass of the field, which is alive today and tomorrow is thrown into the oven, will he not much more clothe you – you of little faith? Therefore do not worry, saying, ‘What will we eat?’ or ‘What will we drink?’ or ‘What will we wear?’ For it is the Gentiles who strive for all these things; and indeed your heavenly Father knows that you need all these things. But strive first for the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things will be given to you as well.” (Matthew 6:28-33)
“Consider the lilies….” The invitation seems a luxury at a time when there are so many other images competing for our attention, images that are cruel and confounding, images that show us the darker side of human nature.
Some are global images that bombard us from newspapers and the media. Consider the digital photographs documenting American treatment of Iraqi prisoners at Abu Ghraib. Consider the images of the World Trade Towers, woven into the woolen fabrics of Afghan rugs and now on sale in San Francisco’s Mission District. Consider Wall Street worries about the FUD factor, the toll that Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt take on the stock market. Consider a “war” that is was declared over a year ago, but is still going on, demanding more American troops and more American dollars.
These are complex images. They don’t pack nicely into moving cartons labeled “church” and “family” and “politics”; they all jumble together, resisting neat categories. And we can’t turn these images off with a click of the remote; they haunt us in the night hours. The fields to which we are called have more than lilies. There are a lot more sinister images to consider.
And yet the lilies Jesus invites us to consider may be more real than our fears. In his book The Culture of Fear (NY: Basic Books, 1999) sociologist Barry Glassner muses on the manufacturing of fear. He identifies the peddlers who create, manipulate, and profit from people’s anxieties, deflecting our attention from other concerns. We know from the news that “if it bleeds, it leads,” and reporters hype an incident of workplace violence with stories that begin: “How can you be sure the person sitting next to you at work won’t go over the edge and bring an Uzi to the office tomorrow?” The obvious answer is: “You can’t!”
Since church offices are also workplaces, we all ought to be shuddering in our chasubles and albs every Sunday. In fact, however, fewer than one in twenty homicides occurs at a workplace. A relatively rare crime rents an inordinate amount of space in our anxiety closets. Glassner concludes that Americans are deeply afraid – but afraid about the wrong things. Too much money has followed the trail of our fears, diverted from real projects that desperately need attention, like anti-poverty measures and child welfare. In our gullibility, we have only ourselves to blame. Like the sorcerer’s apprentice, we have become captive to the fears of our own creation. The anxieties we ourselves have conjured now possess us.
I want to consider one of the images that haunts us, because it illustrates two by-products of the culture of fear: a mentality of scarcity and the presentation of the other as Enemy. I don’t need to reproduce this image in print or beam it onto a screen. This image is embedded in our minds and our hearts. It is the image of the hooded Iraqi prisoner standing on a box with wires taped to his fingers. The captive was told that if he stepped off the box, he would be electrocuted. The photo was snapped in an instant, but we can imagine it was time-lapse photography, because the man was made to stand there for hours in the same posture. And so he did, fear fighting against exhaustion, terrified that any false step would jolt him to death. It is an image that is cruel and telling. The cruelty was intentional, even if commanded, abrogating international accords that are meant to safeguard human treatment of prisoners.
But the image is also telling, because superimposed onto the captive’s terror is the fear of his captors. I have tried – we have all tried — to understand the psyche of the people who perpetrated such cruelty. The pictures tell us not simply how well they could terrorize someone else; they tell us how terrified the torturers were themselves. The soldiers at Abu Ghraib knew their own vulnerability. Notice how commentators speak of the atmosphere in the prison: the soldiers were underslept and unprepared, they were under- supported and unrested, they were unsupervised and untrained for the task shoved in their faces. A litany of scarcity engenders their terror. And this, all of it, is most certainly true. But the pictures speak a thousand words: the soldiers were terrified. And terrified in a culture that would not allow them to admit their fears. Fear fueled their cruelty; cruelty spiked the fear of retaliation. Between soldiers and prisoners there was a mutual exchange of fear that turned the persecuted into the persecutor, the terrorist into the terrorized – and back again in a vicious circle of evil. Fear locks both parties – the captor and the captive – into a cell for which no one has the key.
Herein lies the rationale – and really it is an ir-rationale – of the culture of fear. But the fear that such scarcity promulgates takes on a life of its own: those who manufacture fear ultimately wind up in its thrall.
How are we to consider the Gospel in this culture of fear? Particularly a Gospel that urges upon us the seeming luxury of “considering the lilies….” What stands in opposition to this culture of fear? Surprisingly, the opposite of fear is not gung-ho, guts-out courage. No, courage does not counter fear; it only repackages it. The poet T.S. Eliot put it well in “Gerontion”: “Neither fear nor courage saves us.” I will put it more crassly: courage is only fear with a bad make-up job, industrial strength mascara that runs like a faucet when you cry – or when you bleed.
In order for courage to function it needs enemies; it feeds on enemies – in fact, it will create enemies – even when they are not there! – in order to display itself front and center. I’ve observed leaders who were merely courageous, and like Don Quixote they thrust their lances at a merry-go-round of revolving windmills. One week it’s the church council; the next week it’s the organist; then the evangelical community church down the street poaching potential members. Finally, even the bishop masquerades as the prince of demons. This may be a strategy for effective combat, but it is not a strategy for missional leadership. And at the bottom of it all is fear: fear of losing members, fear of losing face, fear of losing standing, fear of losing friends. This is how a culture of fear regards the world: all the world’s an enemy – or at best a competitor. Don’t be a leader who is merely courageous.
Be a leader who considers the Gospel and the world it displays. In this world the opposite of fear is not courage but trust – which translated into theological terms as faith. Faith regards the other – not as enemy – but as faithful disciples and present neighbors. Indeed, to women and men of faith, all the world’s a neighbor. Faith turns the litany of scarcity into a celebration of abundance.
Jesus was born into a culture of fear himself. If you’ve seen “The Passion according to Mel Gibson,” you know that the Roman occupation of Palestine was far more brutal than the American occupation in Iraq. Rulers, Roman and Jewish alike, ruled in fear of the violence of the mob. The ordinary peasant worried about where the next meal would come from, whether their children would survive childhood, for this was the only social security system available in the ancient world. Poverty was grinding, and it had religious ramifications. If one couldn’t afford to sacrifice at the Temple and pay taxes to both Roman and Jewish leaders, the inference was that God had rejected that person as well.
Jesus began his ministry in a culture of fear. Therefore, the words Jesus spoke most frequently to his anxious crew are worth hearing again today, because they so directly address the fears of our own time. Indeed, Jesus repeated these words so often he sounds like a broken record, but they function as bookends to the journey of discipleship. They are the first words Jesus says to his disciples – and the last. The words are simply: “Follow me.” And the corollary command, spoken almost as often, is Christians’ secret weapon against a culture of fear: “Be not anxious,” or “Be not afraid.” I like to think of these two commands as the positive and negative statements of discipleship, the “thou- shalt” and “thou- shalt-not” of following Jesus. One reminds us of the way into discipleship; the other points the way out of the labyrinth of fear.
Following Jesus the disciples met the God to whom he prayed. The name of this God had been unpronounceable in Jewish liturgy, but Jesus not only spoke it aloud, but named God as “Father.” The ancient world remanded to fathers responsibility for providing for the needs of their children, and disciples should expect nothing less from God. The Father of the whole creation provides for it, sustains it, and delights in it. In this passage from Matthew’s Gospel, Jesus details a divine abundance. “Is not life more than food and the body more than clothing?” “Are you not of more value than they?” “Will God not much more clothe you?”
The words relate no litany of scarcity, but a celebration of abundance. Each of these declarations of divine surplus cancels out a fear, heaves a huge worry out of the anxiety closet. And I’m sure seminary graduates could rattle off the divine attributes of God is rapid-fire succession – you know, that catalogue of “Omni-“s; that God is all-knowing or omniscient; that God is all-powerful or omnipotent; that God is everywhere and omni-present. But Jesus here adds an attribute that can’t be catalogued as an “Omni-“. It doesn’t even exist as a noun. Indeed, this attribute frames a whole divine habit of being. It is the attribute of divine abundance, summed up in the words “how much more!” “How much more” will God provide for you – trust in that! Take that to the bank! In his miracles, his multiplication of loaves and fishes, the lavish outpouring of oil on his feet, the reckless turning of water into wine, in many and various ways, Jesus demonstrates a God whose abundance exceeds our wildest expectations. All you got to do is say: “Yes! Thank you! I’ll have one of those!”
I remember the remarks Dr. Robert Goeser made at his retirement dinner almost a decade ago. Dr. Goeser remained so convinced of this divine attribute of abundance that it had become the lens which he viewed his own life. Nothing had followed the script he’d written for himself at his own graduation from Yale University forty years before. Nothing! But “how much more” it all added up to. This was the refrain of a disciple whose vision had been tutored by long and faithful consideration of the lilies.
“Consider the lilies…..” It’s not a luxury then, is it? Considering the lilies is the lifeblood of discipleship, and it’s effect is two-fold. First, it uncoils a heart turned in on itself, which Martin Luther famously called the cor incurvatus in se. What does he mean? Think of the inner workings of a Swiss watch, the tightly coiled springs of densely packed energy that pulse the watch forward. My heart has felt like that at times. Obsession and fear and anxiety wrap the heartstrings around themselves in a huge, confused knot: “What will we eat?” “What will we drink?” “What will we wear?” “When will the troops come home?” “When will this war be over?” “How will we pay off all these debts?” “Where will we find a first call?” It’s the hard-wiring of narcissism: in my fear, everything is all about ME ME ME!
Of course, if God provides for our every need, then disciples are relieved of that desperate scramble for survival. All we need to do is long for God, and that habit of longing unbends the strings of the heart and creates a space where Christ might enter and dwell. Twelve Step programs have awkwardly but accurately spoken of this as “that God-shaped hole” inside of us, and they warn of the temptation to stuff that hole with all manner of false gods and false promises to confer security. St. Augustine spoke more eloquently of “a holy longing for God” and the space that longing creates. The more we yearn for the God in whom we place our trust, the larger that space becomes. A heart turned in on itself slowly unbends to reach for the subject of its longing: God.
Here is a second effect of considering the lilies. The consequence of this “holy longing” is the freedom to attend to the neighbor. After all, if God will provide, then our needs are taken care of. The other no longer bears the face of the Enemy, threatening our security and our very earthly existence. Nor is the other the Competitor for scarce resources. Faith removes the hood of anonymity from both captor and captive alike, revealing there the face of the neighbor, child of God, creature of the same creator. The familiar prayer in the liturgy runs – “in faith toward you and fervent love for one another,” but it is really the case that faith in God enables, even compels love of the neighbor. For it is when we trust in God – and relieve ourselves of the awesome responsibility of providing for ourselves — that we are freed to see the other as neighbor – and nothing less.
Generosity is that spacious habit of human nature that welcomes the other as neighbor, that opens oneself to the neighbor, and that discovers in the face of the neighbor the face of Christ. I would tell you to be generous leaders, but the most accurate way to put that is not a command: “Be generous.” Nor is it as statement of fact: “You can be generous leaders, because God has been generous with you.” Rather it’s a Declaration of Independence, releasing you from fear and freeing you for life with abundance.
Finally, considering the Gospel in a culture of fear means that we discover the wild Gospel culture of generosity. I hope that in the time you have spent with us you have been infected with that spirit of abundance. I think Pacific Lutheran Theological Seminary embodies it: This institution has done more with less than any I’ve ever seen. I hope you catch our “can-do” attitude and our joyous spirit of “what-the hellness” – that invite our constituency to come to us with their ideas, because we have a Gospel recklessness that says “Hey, let’s try it!” At its best, we regard the other not as Enemy but Co-Conspirator in the ranks of God’s boisterous disciples. It’s attitude with a capital “J”, for Jesus was the one who thumbed his nose at powers and principalities, refused to give in, managed to celebrate the night before he died, and cook breakfast for his disciples after he rose from the dead. Make the Last Supper and the First Breakfast icons of your ministry, and be not afraid of suffering, nor of celebration either. Practice that wild joy that marks those who trust in a God that does provide -and provides with characteristic wild abandon. | <urn:uuid:b1a2c7e9-afa6-466e-9bfb-473ee92df01d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://learn.elca.org/jle/considering-the-gospel-in-a-culture-of-fear/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.962943 | 3,609 | 1.65625 | 2 |
What to Do if your Dog Dies
See files for Dogs
"What to do if my dog dies" is something that no owner or animal lover wants to have to deal with. Sometimes, after years of companionship, the death of a pet still catches us by surprise even after seeing it reach old age.
We are very sorry if this has happened to you. As such, we at AnimalWised want to help you by offering you some tips or guidelines for you to follow. We know how important a pet can be, and also that this is a delicate and very personal moment that can be difficult to deal with. Read on to learn what to do if your dog dies.
Call the register
We understand that you'll need some time to get over it, and that the death of your pet can be as tragic as that of any other loved one. It is important that you take the time to come to terms with the situation.
First, you'll need to call the registry office where your dog is registered. Pet licenses depend on each country's legal system, so the place where you should call (local, regional, or state agency) depends on where you live.
Once you have reported the death to the pet registry, you have two options:
- Calling municipal services
- Calling a pet undertaker
Municipal services will remove the body of your pet, although the best option is undoubtedly to go to a pet undertaker who will allow you to cremate your friend and keep its ashes, if that's what you want.
There are many people who choose to keep their pet's ashes. A dignified, elegant and subtle option is to purchase a personalized, high-quality urn to forever remember your faithful friend.
Mourning a pet
Although death is part of the natural process of life, it's true that such a situation is difficult to accept. Try to be positive and remember all the adventures you've shared with your pet, the good times it gave you, and always remember the great friendship that you shared.
Sometimes, after such a loss, many owners don't ever want to go through it again. However, we at AnimalWised want to remind you of the number of dogs that live in kennels and shelters around the world.
If you have got over mourning for your pet, don't hesitate in thinking about adopting a homeless dog that has no definite fate or companion as good and loving as you could be.
If you want to read similar articles to What to Do if your Dog Dies, we recommend you visit our Facts about the animal kingdom category. | <urn:uuid:49a00c63-b8f9-41e3-8a85-b921d6feba83> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.animalwised.com/what-to-do-if-your-dog-dies-409.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.969322 | 537 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Are you looking for a new contemporary way to cover your walls and floors? Microcement is a decorative, durable cement that can used to give your home an elegant finish.
What is Microcement?
Microcement is a cement based coating with water based resins. It can be applied over plasterboard, plywood, marble, tiles, plaster and existing concrete flooring. It provides a completely seamless finish and can be customised to your preferences of colour and tone.
It is exceptionally versatile as it can be applied over any existing material without the need for demolition or modification.
Using Microcement in a bathroom
Microcement is a great option for bathroom walls and floors. It is completely waterproof and mould/bacteria resistant making it more hygienic than tiles. With no grout to clean, it is highly functional and practical, helping you maintain a clean and stain free space.
Benefits of Microcement
Versatile – Can be applied over any stable interior or exterior surface.
Durable – Microcement is much stronger than traditional cement. It has added elasticity, meaning it won’t crack.
Seamless – The flexibility and strength of the cement provides a seamless finish.
Variety – With a wide range of colours and finishes available you can match the microcement to your chosen colour scheme and décor.
Hygienic – Microcement does not stain and has no joints mean it is easy to clean. Stylish and practical.
Eco- friendly – Eco technology is used in every step of the process to ensure there is no harm to the environment.
Available in matt, satin or gloss
Colours include pure metallic and classic metal, with or without rust activator
Also available in Efectto Quartz. | <urn:uuid:c451b256-5f9c-4459-be25-4b9439067330> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.paulwhittakerbathrooms.co.uk/microcement-bristol/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.868684 | 521 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Henry Kirby in London -
Ukraine and Russia’s latest “Despair Index” scores suggest that the two struggling economies could finally be turning the corner, following nearly two years of steady score increases.
bne IntelliNews' Despair Index measures the relative prosperity of various countries by combinating inflation, unemployment and poverty – the lower the score, the better the living conditions for the population. In the index's latest release, Ukraine’s score fell to 70.6 in October from 77.2 in May – a significant drop and its first decrease since 2012. However, its year-to-date change in score made it the worst performing of all the countries measured, with a January-October score increase of 24.1.
While Russia’s score increase of 0.4 points to 36.9 marked a worsening in its Despair Index, it marked a pronounced slowdown in what had been a rapid deterioration since the beginning of 2013.
An increase in the number of people living below the national poverty line was the driving factor behind Russia’s worsening score. Between June and October, the poverty rate increased from 14.2% to 15.9%.
Were it not for the increase in Russia’s poverty rate, its Despair Index score would actually have improved, with inflation slowing and unemployment decreasing since the Despair Index was last measured in May 2015.
The improvement in Ukraine’s score can be ascribed to a 6.5-percentage-point fall in inflation between May and September this year. However, up-to-date and accurate poverty figures for the country have not been measured since the conflict in the Donbas region began in 2014.
According to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Ukraine’s poverty rate could increase to 32% in 2015, which would bring its current Despair Index score up to a massive 93.5. The UNDP explained that, “sudden poverty due to the loss of property and livelihoods as a result of the armed conflict in Donbas constitutes a new source of vulnerability in Ukraine.”
CEE/CIS top of the pile
Of all the countries measured in the Despair Index – Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CEE/CIS), BRICS, EU and the US – seven of the top 10 countries came from CEE/CIS region. It should be noted, though, that Kazakhstan (1st), China (2nd), Azerbaijan (3rd) and Belarus’ (5th) publish figures on unemployment and poverty that need to be taken with a pinch of salt, and may be artificially improving their scores.
4th best in the index was the Czech Republic, with a score of 15. While its unemployment rate is slightly worse than that of its Western European counterparts, its poverty rate of 8.6% is close to half that of the US (15%), Germany (16.1%) and the UK (15.9%), contributing heavily to its impressive score.
The most improved country from January of this year to October was Kyrgyzstan, with a score decrease of 5.9 points. This was due to a fall in its inflation figure, from 11.6% in January to 6.4% in September.
The sharp depreciation of the Kyrgyz som in the import-heavy Kyrgyzstan at the beginning on 2015 was the main factor behind the better inflation. The Kyrgyz National Bank’s several rate changes since have successfully driven the rate of inflation down to today’s level.
Jason Corcoran in Moscow - Russian banks are disappearing at the fastest rate ever as the country's deepening recession makes it easier for the central bank to expose money laundering, dodgy lending ... more
bne IntelliNews - The Kremlin supported by national sports authorities has brushed aside "groundless" allegations of a mass doping scam involving Russian athletes after the World Anti-Doping Agency ... more
Jason Corcoran in Moscow - Revelations and mysticism may have been the stock-in-trade of Nikolai Tsvetkov’s management style, but ultimately they didn’t help him to hold on to his ... more | <urn:uuid:3ec3f8fb-3aab-473c-93f8-9c1cabb30b8c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bne.eu/bne-chart-russia-begins-to-steady-the-ship-according-to-latest-despair-index-500447573/?source=czech-republic&archive=bne | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.953995 | 861 | 2.203125 | 2 |
If we measure the growth of the milk industry within the past few years, it rises a lot and confers employment to millions of individuals. According to a recent report, dairy farming will increase by up to four percent by 2022. This shows how milk plays a significant role in fulfilling the demand of individuals. This rising popularity of milk or milk products stimulates Dairy Equipment Manufacturers to explore more advanced and technical tools and machines to preserve the milk and to make milk items and desserts.
Moving further, if we talk about the Khoya Machine. This is one of the preferable machines you will find in every milk owner’s dairy farm, whether they are doing their milk business on a small or large scale. All the credit goes to advancing technical products that give potent equipment to dairy farmers to preserve their milk for several hours, along with enough vitamin contents and nutrients that do not allow bacteria to spoil the quality of milk products.
Global milking machine market
The main motive of the global milking machine market is to fulfill the requirement of small and big industry milk owners. As per the report of 2018 on the global milking machine market, the milk industry will expand massively in the next five years to generate sufficient revenue for the dairy owners and help to become more substantial economic growth for our nation. Along with this, it is classified into two different forms: A semi-automatic milking machine and a Fully automatic milking machine based on milk-made products.
Dairy processing forecast
We know that when milk takes from cows, buffaloes, goats, and other domestic animals, it stores in big containers at the dairy farm. To maintain its hygiene & quality, it passes through different equipment such as pasteurizers, heat exchangers, homogenizers, etcetera. This is also the reason that compels dairy processing companies to invest in milk processing machinery. This rising demand for milk and milk-made items also stimulates the growth of the dairy equipment manufacturing industry to fulfill the request of small and big dairy owners.
Furthermore, milk products such as butter, yogurt, curd, buttermilk, khoya, etcetera are always in demand whether you buy them in summers or winters. This demand will arise from the installation of new machines at dairy farms. Apart from this, these days, masses like to consume milk in Concentrates, Cheese and powder form, etcetera that gives a taste like fresh milk when added to coffee or tea and other shakes and juices.
Role of domestic animals in the milk industry
Suppose we talk about the role of domestic animals such as cows, buffaloes, goats, sheep, camels, and so on. They do not only give milk to people but also help them in their other chores, such as farming. In earlier years, only animals helped humans while cropping in the fields. Additionally, people start traveling with the help of these domestic animals. These days, only these animals are the sources of milk that confer masses of different desserts, liquid shakes, other juices, etcetera.
If you want to ask anything related to the milk industry scenario and equipment, come to NK Dairy Equipment, where you will obtain all kinds of dairy equipment and advice about your milk business. We will assist you to pick the perfect equipment for your farm. | <urn:uuid:ec27c1d2-b531-4a95-abbd-3afb70b5d32c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://articleblock.com/business/which-key-elements-drive-the-global-dairy-processing-equipment-market/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.955832 | 669 | 2.21875 | 2 |
ESCAPE ROOMS THAT WILL TAKE YOU BACK IN TIME
Do you like a good challenge? If the answer is yes and you want to put your skills and teamwork to the test, we’ve got just the thing for you! This winter, we’re giving you the opportunity to solve some of our more cultural escape rooms. Put yourselves in the shoes of a king, experience what it would have been like to live and work as a miner or hauler in the 19th century or escape from a secret laboratory. These are just some of the tests for you to overcome... Do you accept the challenge?
Diversió a l’aire lliure
If escape games are fun in their own right, imagine playing one in the great outdoors, in the middle of the forest, immersing yourself in the cultural side of your destination.
Located in the high parishes, between Ordino and La Massana, there are four enormously fun outdoor games to choose from. With a spectacular setting and a well-thought-out thread, you can fully immerse yourselves in the Andorra of yesteryear. You can choose between being a smuggler in rural Andorra with Sornàs 1930, being King Boris I of Andorra for a while, discovering what lies beneath the life of iron miners and haulers in La Mina or unearthing smugglers’ treasures with the Els Passadors game in La Massana.
You’ll have a great time on these four adventures accompanied by endearing characters who marked the history of the country and who return today to challenge your ingenuity.
The little ones can take part too!
Just like adults, children also enjoy clue-solving games. Atrapa la Serenalla (Catch the Serenalla Lizard) is a game especially designed to develop little ones’ ingenuity, ability and skill. With the help of an information booklet and using their ingenuity, children will have to solve all the clues and tests they find along the way themselves. The activity is recommended for children aged 5 and above, and is on the interpretative circuit in the Comapedrosa Natural Park, in La Massana. We recommend wearing snow shoes and warm clothes if you’d like to have a go in winter.
Indoor escape rooms
If the weather’s not on your side, there are also indoor games to choose from. Combining different themes, levels and styles, you have loads of options to sharpen your wit to escape, overcome obstacles or just survive the adventure offered by the different game areas... Andorra Quest Room, Komnata Quest, Maximum Escape Andorra and many others await. Are you up for the challenge?
Have fun at a museum!
Culture is also fun and the proof is in the pudding when it comes to our museums! Aimed mainly at children, you’ll find various educational workshops, activities and other fun suggestions to help you enjoy Andorra’s museums with children. ‘Abracadabra’, ‘Els museus donen joc’ (Games at the Museum) and ‘l’Objecte intrús’ (The Odd One Out) are just some of the options you can find. You’ll be able to get closer to culture in a fun, easy and enjoyable way.
The programming of activities is only done in museums managed by the Government of Andorra with the aim of introducing visitors to Andorran culture in a fun way! Find out more here.
EN VOLS MÉS? CONEIX TOTES LES EXPERIÈNCIES I FES UN GIR AL TEU HIVERN
Experiences for those who aren’t bothered by the cold as long as the fun doesn’t stop, those who spend the year counting down the days to don their skis and take to the snow and really get their adrenaline pumping
Activities for the night owls who are never as happy as when they have a headlamp on, because they know the sun will never shine as brightly as the full moon at night
Experiències per a famílies incansables a les quals els encanta estar rodejats de neu i amb mil plans per fer.
“Once upon a time...” Experiences taken straight from a Brothers Grimm fairy tale set in an alpine village
Experiences for those who appreciate that nature isn't just green but also white! Recharge your batteries with some well-earned rest and relaxatio | <urn:uuid:a8347fec-14c9-4cfe-abef-b68eadfb0187> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://visitandorra.com/de/outdoor-challenge-experiences/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.917805 | 960 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Neil deGrasse Tyson, a world-renowned physicist, defended genetically modified organisms some time ago and it went viral on Youtube with this video, posted some days ago.
He wrote a rebuttal on Facebook1 regarding the reactions to his words. Of course he’s entitled to his opinion, but so am I.
For starters he’s absolutely right that a lot of the discussion has been scandalized2 which doesn’t exactly aid a rational discussion. He’s also right on the issue that there are many facets to take into account and each should be treated separately. He also writes:
2) Everything I said is factual. So there’s nothing to disagree with other than whether you should actually “chill out” as I requested of the viewer in my last two words of the clip.
But is that so? Is it factual? I also watched the clip a few days ago and even though I didn’t feel the need to comment on it then, I do now. In my opinion comparing die-hard modern genetic engineering to breeding by selection is comparing apples and oranges.
There is a hybrid method I have read and heard about that uses selection as we humans have used it for millenia and combines it with genetic research to find out how close the actual outcome is to the intended outcome. Simply put, this is something that could normally happen in nature by pure chance, but you don’t have to wait entire crop cycles to make sure you get what you want. I have read that this method is being used to breed strawberry strains that are a lot more aromatic than those commonly available on the shelves these days3. In fact the standardization and complete focus on the needs of the retailers have taken their toll already – biodiversity, something many people have vowed to protect, is diminishing at a fast rate from our food crops – … but that’s another story.
However, the statement is that die-hard genetic engineering which introduces a pig’s genes into a mouse or soy genes into all kinds of food is something that has been done for a long time by humans.
Of course that’s not correct. Being the smart guy he is, I wonder how this could slip his mind. There is nothing “factual” and similarly to splitting up the discussion about the different facets of GMOs, this kind of genetic engineering shouldn’t be mashed together with selection either – whether human-made or natural.
Certainly in nature you wouldn’t suddenly end up with all kinds of crops that produce “interesting” proteins normally not found in that particular species. The scope of the problem becomes visible by looking at allergies. Good for you if you don’t suffer from one (or several). But if you do: good luck!
Sweeping this very important fact under the carpet makes one wonder where his bias stems from. It’s part of the food security discussion, but most of the time it is completely neglected as a topic of that discussion. Just because something isn’t outright killing people doesn’t mean it’s safe, let alone good, for you. | <urn:uuid:61ebbb28-e9eb-4fdd-a6c1-65b495cc0a8e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.assarbad.net/20140804/smart-guy-but-partially-flawed-logic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.962902 | 657 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Why Accepting Trans Identity Will Not Erase Your Own
And why it is time to rethink how you discuss, describe, and document your own identity.
Everyone has a right to voice their opinions, but we must challenge those who refuse to accept the lived realities of other people and those who falsely voice their opinions as fact. J.K. Rowling has long held and voiced opinions that are harmful to trans identities. In a recent tweet, she expressed her belief that the trans-inclusive phrase “people who menstruate” is laughable. In subsequent tweets, she claims that in accepting trans identities, the differences in her own lived reality as a cisgender woman will be erased.
Refusing to rewrite the ways in which we describe and discuss our own identities is exclusionary and separatist. As we learn from each other, we must evolve our language to be inclusive of every human identity. And we must better articulate the differences that have shaped our individual lives in ways that do not suppress and deny others of their lived realities and identities.
The human experience does not come with a manual; it is only from each other that we can learn of the full spectrum of human identity. Meanings we once accepted as universal truth are unequivocally subject to change as we expand our understanding of what it means to be human for everyone.
We can expand the range of identities without erasing the ones that exist.
When I first accepted my queer identity as a 13-year old, I simultaneously began preparing to declare my truth to my mother. I imagined a thousand ways the conversations would flow, the rhetoric my mother would use to convince me that I was mistaken about my identity. I spent years empathizing with her, preparing myself for the arguments she would make to deny and discredit my reality.
I imagined the experiences she’d had, or rather the experiences she hadn’t had, which would have carved space in her mind for the introspection needed to accept new truths about human identity.
It is easy to dismiss someone for not acknowledging and accepting your lived reality, but when that person holds space in your heart, empathy can help initiate a nuanced discussion towards acceptance.
So when I saw Rowling, yet again, attack transgender identity, I quelled my rage (with an impulsive tweet—sorry) and began trying to understand why.
The Construct of Identity
Our reality is as much a construct as the one Rowling created in her magical world. The difference is that our constructed reality is based on an understanding of human identity that is thousands of years old.
The concept of sex is very much a part of that construct — the dichotomy she uses to make her case is abrasive to trans identities. It aims to reduce human identity to anatomy.
Sex exists on a biological spectrum, while gender exists on a sociological spectrum. We have interwoven our societal understandings of sex and gender in ways we cannot separate easily; therefore, we cannot reduce any human identity to either individually. The anatomy we are born with can define neither role of sex nor gender in these concepts, for our societal and cultural expectations of sex and gender transcend anatomy to encompass perceptions of behavior and appearance.
How you initially perceive a person’s identity is an assumption of reality. Lived reality is how people identify themselves, choose to express their identity, and have that identity expression seen by others. The world must see us as we see ourselves. You cannot debate someone else’s lived reality because it requires you to rewrite your own understanding of identity.
Expanding our concept of sex does not remove, to Rowling’s words, “the ability of many [people] to meaningfully discuss their lives.” Contrary to Rowling’s opinion, I do believe it is hateful to say so because, in doing so, you are perpetuating an outdated concept that is exclusionary to the lived reality of trans people.
If sex is no longer real, it does not erase the lived reality of cisgender women globally, as she claims it does in her tweet. It requires us, as humans, to find new words to better articulate, document, and describe our experiences relative to these new understandings of identity. Menstruation does not solely define women, in the same way that gestation does not solely define mothers.
As we continue to learn from each other and expand the spectrum of human identity, we must evolve our language to reflect new truths and allow us all to express our lived realities, both relative to each other, and individually.
We are empathetic beings capable of comprehending meaning beyond words, and we can create new words to convey new understandings. Rowling is a writer, a great one. She should know this; she created plenty of new words to help us understand her world. I urge her to try understanding ours better.
Express Yourself Without Hate
It is okay to be uncomfortable when new truths challenge and question your lived reality. It is not okay to harm other people in sharing your discomfort.
I do not believe Rowling wishes for the erasure of trans and queer people. Still, she contributes to erasure by perpetuating harmful opinions and refusing to examine her own biases against truly accepting trans identity.
It is possible to believe, as Rowling clearly does, that “my life has been shaped by being female.” But Rowling has gone far beyond that.
You do not need to attack trans identities to express your own, or impose your own understanding of an identity on others.
To J.K. Rowling, and those likeminded,
Please ask yourself,
Why do you feel accepting new identities takes away from your lived reality?
How might you update the terms you use to identify and discuss your life in ways that are inclusive, yet reflective of the differences you believe shaped your life?
It may be uncomfortable to share experiences you believe are exclusive to your gender identity, but while others may now relate to some facets of the identity you share, how and why does this take away from the experiences that differ?
Can you identify where your frustration or anger originate? Might they come from a place of not being understood? Is it possible you are clinging to your ideas of reality because it is easier than having to examine your reality from a new perspective? Easier than searching for a new way to articulate the differences in your lived reality?
I am a cisgender queer man — I cannot speak to the lived reality of trans and genderqueer people, nor cisgender women. However, I can share that I have felt the weight of the world, challenging my identity and my right to exist in it.
The burden to educate and empathize with challengers must not fall upon those challenged. We should never have to explain the validity of our identities to anyone. I often refrain from asking questions directly and seek information in text to reduce this burden. I acknowledge that I may be wrong in my views, and invite the discussion so that I may correct those views.
I am writing as an ally, sharing the perspective I have gained from listening to trans people in my life and trans people who share their stories publicly. I am sure I do not capture the full reality of trans identity — I will never fully know this lived reality, but I am ready to have the conversations that sharpen my perception of trans identity.
One person from the queer community cannot speak to or for all experiences and realities of the queer community.
On this note, I urge you to read, follow, and listen to transgender, genderqueer, gender non-conforming, and non-binary people who choose to share their stories so that you may understand better, and help others understand their lived realities.
Resources & Further
- An extensive list of resources and support for trans people is available on the National Center for Transgender Equality website.
- Learn: “A Guide to Being an Ally to Transgender and Nonbinary Youth”
is available from the Trevor Project.
- Watch: DISCLOSURE is “an unprecedented, eye-opening look at transgender depictions in film and television…” which debuts on Netflix June 19th.
- Listen: Unlocking Us Podcast episode, “Brené Brown with Laverne Cox on
Transgender Representation, Advocacy + the Power of Love”
- Follow: “16 LGBTQ Activists, Artists, & Storytellers To Follow” via Bustle.
- Read: Them is a publication that chronicles the stories of queer people.
- She claims to have been seeking a nuanced conversation, but I do not believe that. Making an insensitive mockery of trans identity does not show one is seeking a discussion.
- Citing the violence of cis men as a tool to suppress and reject trans identity and equality is harmful, ignorant, and abusive. Ultimately, this violent narrative perpetuates the myth that trans people are perverse.
- I still believe she fears accepting trans women as women, will somehow erase her own lived reality as a cis woman. One that, as she shares, has been shaped by the trauma, abuse, and violence she faced as a woman, as well as the shared trauma and oppression of cis women throughout history.
- The accepted term for a person who identifies with the gender they were assigned at birth is cisgender. Her insistence on using the word “biological” is both disrespectful and separatist. It is not the perspective of someone who supports and accepts trans identity, as she claims she does. | <urn:uuid:af3ed5b7-d473-41ff-af00-74288cb66303> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lexevan.medium.com/why-accepting-trans-identity-will-not-erase-your-own-a81ccaa4c84?responsesOpen=true&source=user_profile---------6------------------------------- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.955427 | 1,961 | 2 | 2 |
Methodology and program for identifying leaders of labor collectives in big production structures was developed. Its approbation was carried out within the framework of «Concern VKO “Almaz-Antey”». Analysis of the obtained results is presented.
Author page: Gennady Kozlov
The generation of winners goes down in history. A year ago, one of the outstanding military scientists of the twentieth century passed from this life. Anatoly Ivanovich Savin was an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, scientific supervisor of JSC “Concern VKO “Almaz-Antey”, Hero of Socialist Labor, coryphaeus of the national defense industry complex. His name stands in line with the names of Kurchatov, Korolev, Keldysh, although it is not so well known. There are people whose contribution to the emerging and development of the Russian defense industry could not be overestimated. There are mentors, without whom it is impossible to imagine the history of the country. There are persons about whom, instead of short memorabilia, it is necessary to write a full book. All this could be told about Academician Savin. The meaning of all of its production and scientific activities was to realize the idea of maintaining a strategic equilibrium in the world, preventing global disasters and the possibility of imitating any armed conflict, especially between nuclear powers. The creation of guided jet weapons in the 1950’s, global space information and information management systems in 60’s – 70’s of the twentieth century are behind him. Trivial question, what he loves most in life, he used to meet with a laconic and simple answer: “Life!”. | <urn:uuid:df065c98-950f-4ace-94b8-c0bb428a7ae9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://eng.inesnet.ru/eng_author/gennady-kozlov/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.936573 | 360 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Welcome to EstuaryHub.com
The purpose of this website is to help anyone, but today especially help YOU, learn more about Estuary, and, if you are interested, help you connect with others for “estuary-like” conversations, in person, near where you live.
First things first: What is an estuary?
Geographically speaking, an estuary is the area where fresh water from a river meets up with the salt water of the ocean. It is a place of constant change, as when inland storms sometimes create torrents of water rushing towards the ocean, or when strong winds drive the waves to come crashing ashore. Estuary is where waves and currents meet, where the landscape changes constantly, where unique vegetation, and strange creatures, capable of adapting to different salt content, find their home. Estuary is a place of chaos, of change, of adaptation to different forces. Estuary is exciting, unpredictable, a place of adventure!
But we use “Estuary” metaphorically. Estuary is a place where people come for conversation. Honest conversation. Not ideological warfare, memes, and trolling, but mutually respectful attempts to understand one another, and to learn to appreciate different perspectives and viewpoints. Estuary is a place where different ideas and ideologies meet. Where participants allow themselves to be exposed to new ways of thinking, where listening may be as important as talking, where being open to feedback will force you to “hear yourself think”.
We also believe that in doing so we form new friendships. We build a unique new community. We may learn to love one another in ways we didn’t realize were possible. Some people have found a new life partner in an estuary meeting!
For more on the Estuary Experience view the videos below...
Perhaps you may be asking, is there such an estuary group meeting near where I live? | <urn:uuid:38cef11c-6026-4a22-8368-d6613f5aaca7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.estuaryhub.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.960631 | 390 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Slim T4 fluorescent and T5 fluorescent light fixtures are thinnest linkable fluorescent luminaries on the market today. They are the light of choice for designers and architects for tight-space lighting applications. Common user for your:
Under and above cabinets
Behind crown moldings
Choose your T4 Fixtures Now! Available in 9 Different Lengths from 6 Watt to 28 Watt
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* Out of Stock * 35 Watt Micro-fluorescent T5 Fixture (58")
T5 Direct Connector
T5 Cable Connector
T5 Angled Cable Connector
T5 Hardwire Box with Switch
T5 Metal Hardwire Box
T5 Power Cord
T5 Mounting Clips
T5 Joint Mounting Clips
Brief Background and Innovation of T4 and T5 Fluorescent Lamps
T4 and T5 Fluorescent Fixtures contains three parts:
1) Physical characteristics which addresses dimensions and performance of lamps, ballast, and luminaire performance.
2) Economic issues which focuses on the monetary benefits of T4 and T5 fixtures.
3) Design and Application which discusses proper applications of T4 and T5 lamps and their advantages in lighting design.
It is the most efficient and brightest of the fluorescent lights. Many retail stores are putting them in new as opposed to the old hid light fixtures. The lamps themselves are smaller, as are the ballast; they use less electricity and provide a brighter more natural light. Also as opposed to hid fixtures; they do not require a cool down or warm up time. It switches on instantly.
T4 and T5 lamps are an increasingly popular development in fluorescent lighting. Lighting designers have begun to specify such T4 and T5 luminaires for high-end new construction for retail stores, homes, and cabinet industries.
T4 lamps are fluorescent lamps are 1/2" of an inch in diameter and T5 lamps are fluorescent lamps are 5/8" of an inch in diameter. Please refer to T4 & T5 Fluorescent Specification link for more information. | <urn:uuid:435b0010-48e6-4a31-b369-76d5f257225a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://slimfluorescent.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.898406 | 462 | 1.632813 | 2 |
The ACLU of Colorado responded to a bulletin—revealed August 20 in the Rocky Mountain News—that the Denver Police Department reportedly issued last week to all police, sheriff, and fire department personnel.
The bulletin asks all law enforcement and fire department personnel to be on the lookout for, and to report “stockpiles and caches of supplies” that that could be used by “violent demonstrators” during the upcoming Democratic National Convention. The bulletin lists various ordinarily legal materials that officers are asked to report to both the Denver Police Department and the Colorado Intelligence Analysis Center (CIAC), Colorado’s “fusion center.” The list includes such innocuous items as maps and bicycles.
ACLU Executive Director Cathryn Hazouri and ACLU Legal Director Mark Silverstein will speak. A third speaker is a Denver activist and homeowner who, shortly after the bulletin was issued to Denver police, was subjected to police questioning about bricks being unloaded at her house. Although the bricks were acquired for masonry repairs, Denver police accused the activist of “stockpiling” the bricks for the DNC.
- DPD Special Bulletin
About the ACLU of Colorado
The ACLU is a nationwide, non-profit, non-partisan organization dedicated to defending and preserving the principles of the Bill of Rights through litigation, advocacy and public education. The ACLU Foundation of Colorado works to protect the rights of all Coloradans. | <urn:uuid:e6191e1e-efb9-461f-9863-12d1bef03191> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aclu-co.org/en/press-releases/aclu-holds-press-conference-respond-denver-police-department-special-bulletin-asking | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.95712 | 287 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Retail spending—excluding autos and fuel—looked better in March as a whole. Outside of online sales, however, most retail sectors showed weakness in one way or another.
Weather likely contributed to some of the month-to-month weakness at a range of mostly homegoods-related stores. They slowed from relatively strong February sales, which were boosted by a mild winter.
Weak year-to-year growth, meanwhile, persists at clothing stores, electronics stores, and mass/discount retailers—even as those stores saw better month-to-month gains in March.
Overall, the year-to-year gains were strongest in terms of seasonally adjusted sales. Those sales excluding autos, fuel, and food service were up 4.3% in March while unadjusted sales were up 3.5% from a year ago.
The government-reported sales continue to provide mixed evidence that a post-election surge in consumer spending confidence is translating into stronger spending. See more on confidence here.
Here is more on what the latest retail numbers say:
- Food and grocery. Food prices have begun to rebound on a month-to-month basis since January. That may be boding well for grocery stores and mass/discount retailers to a lesser extent. In March, grocery store sales picked up 0.5% month to month and 3.4% year-to-year.
- Two exceptions. Home improvement stores and drug stores are up about 6% from a year ago despite weak month-to-month gains in March. They are the only sectors showing strength outside of double-digit gains online.
- On a quarterly trend, there remains a significant gap in the growth trend suggested by adjusted sales (stronger) versus unadjusted sales (weaker). This may cast some question on the accuracy of the seasonal adjustment—perhaps related to weather. If so, then the underlying trend may be weaker than suggested.
For 2017, MacroSavvy™ has forecast a gain of 4.0% in retail sales excluding autos, fuel and restaurants, which would be slightly stronger than 2016.
Copyright © 2017 MacroSavvy LLC. All Rights Reserved | <urn:uuid:9e33048c-1627-4794-a696-812b7eea39b9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.frankbadillo.com/retail-sales-trends-march-2017/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.960976 | 442 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Tom Schreiner has written the first volume in the (new) New Testament Theology (NTT) series by Crossway, this introductory volume being on the difficult book of Revelation. Schreiner, one of this series’ editors, has also contributed a short commentary on Revelation in the ESV Expository Commentary series and is replacing Grant Osborne’s volume on Revelation in the BECNT series.
As the subtitles gives away, The Joy of Hearing is a “theology of the book of Revelation,” surveying six main themes in Revelation (the chapter on the millennium is more of an appendix, as Schreiner notes). The New Testament Theology series aims to provide “students of Scripture with readable book-length treatments of the distinctive teaching of each New Testament book or collection of Books…from the perspective of biblical theology.” They keep in focus the Bible’s overarching narrative and Christocentric focus.
“He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches” (Rev 2:7).
In his introduction, Schriener writes, “Revelation reveals to us where the world is going, and it tells us what we should do to be part of the new world that is coming.” But, as he notes, people are easily repelled by the book of Revelation because it is so confusing and difficult to read. Even Martin Luther thought that Christ wasn’t clearly taught or revealed in Revelation. But John reminds us in Revelation that even while it appears that evil is reigning, God is still on his throne. He has not forsaken his people, and Jesus will come and rescue us. The death and resurrection of Jesus Christ stand at the center of history, and those who will suffer judgment are those who turn against Jesus.
Schreiner covers six themes within Revelation:
- Those who refuse to hear the truth;
- The saints and what they are called to do;
- God’s sovereignty, holiness, and judgment;
- The message about Jesus Christ—his shared identity with the God of Israel, his redemption for us, his return, the coming judgment;
- The Holy Spirit’s work in Revelation—the Spirit calls readers to hear what is said to the churches, and points to the crucified and risen Christ;
- The promises of blessing and the new creation.
Date, Genre, and Purpose
Schreiner argues that Revelation was written within the reign of Domitian (AD 81–96), but he also notes that “nothing in the book itself indisputably points to life under a particular emperor.” We simply lack the “definitive evidence” to know for sure when Revelation was written, and so “no interpretation should be accepted that demands a particular date.”
Revelation is both an apocalyptic and prophetic book written for the first-century churches in Asia Minor. Because it was written to a certain people at a certain time, even though we have many varying interpretations today, the first-century readers would have been able to understand the text John wrote. Revelation begins (1:3) and ends (22:7, 10, 18, 19) with references to the book being one of prophecy. Written as an apocalypse, we see the world from God’s perspective. God will save those who follow him and punish those who don’t. He will also destroy “the existing fallen cosmic order” and restore “the cosmos to its original pristine perfection.”
The purpose of Revelation isn’t to show us that helicopter locusts will attack the earth in the future. Instead, John wanted to see “ethical formation and transformation, since genuine hearing leads to obedience,” that is, “to keeping the words of the prophecy (1:3; 22:7).”
A Brief Look
In chapter two, hearing in Revelation should lead to action. Schreiner surveys the seven statements that occur throughout Revelation about how those who hear will be “blessed.” Those who hear (and thus do) will be “happy” and “flourish” because when the end comes they will receive their reward. He writes, “All seven ‘blessed’ statements are eschatological, drawing a connection between the final reward and the new life believers live—their worship of the one true God, their utter devotion to Jesus, their refusal to align themselves with the beast, and their pursuit of goodness.” Schreiner also surveys the texts about conquering, suffering, and perseverance.
One thing I really appreciate about Schreiner is how clear his writing is. He is able to give nuance with clarity, and he carefully represents other views. In chapter seven, which he refers to as a kind of appendix, Schreiner looks at how believers will (or already are) reigning with Christ for 1,000 years. Schreiner briefly describes postmillennialism before looking further at historical premillennialism and amillennialism. While he ultimately sides with the amillennialist reading of Revelation and of the meaning of the millennium in Revelation 20, he is sympathetic to the premillennialist reading. While Schreiner can explain Revelation 20 with an amill perspective, noting that “the amillennial interpretation… has many strengths since it fits with the reading of the entirety of the Scriptures,” he gives the best arguments from the premill side and even notes that “the premillennial position in many ways seems to be a more natural way to explain Revelation 20.” As Schreiner admits, it isn’t a weakness to admit that there isn’t clarity. As well, the millennium won’t last forever; it is the new creation that is eternal and to which we should set our eyes—when we will see God face to face.
This is a great start to the New Testament Theology series, and I really look forward to the upcoming volumes. Schreiner is clear and careful, deep but easy to read. Since this is a theology of Revelation, Schriener doesn’t lead you into the weeds. That means there will likely be some places where you will disagree and where Schreiner hasn’t been able to give enough information on his particular view. Regardless, he draws Revelation together and helps you to “hear” the words in Revelation better in order to form you into a better doer, one who perseveres and conquers.
- Series: New Testament Theology
- Author: Thomas R. Schreiner
- Paperback: 208 pages
- Publisher: Crossway (November 30, 2021)
- Read the Introduction and Chapter One
Disclosure: I received this book free from Crossway. The opinions I have expressed are my own, and I was not required to write a positive review. I am disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission’s 16 CFR, Part 255 http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_03/16cfr255_03.html. | <urn:uuid:937d887a-3f61-4640-8a46-35596f6c806e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://spoiledmilks.com/2022/04/11/review-joy-of-hearing-revelation-tom-schreiner/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.948001 | 1,510 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Well done to all sixteen boys who represented St. Joseph’s in the Rathfarnham Credit Union quiz last night. A special thank you to Matthew who came straight from Crumlin hospital to take part. One of our junior teams was third while our two senior teams were very competitive against around twenty other teams. Thanks to Mr. Ring for all the work he did in preparing the teams for this quiz as he did in other years See more photos on Mr. Ring’s blog
The future cooks, bakers and chefs of the future are given the opportunity to submit their recipes for Joey’s Cookbook.
Click here to download your form for the recipe. When it’s filled in please bring it into your teacher.
Report by Ricardo and Oliver
It started when Ms. Harte asked for some ideas for a science project. We had a vote and hovercrafts won. A few days later Ms. Harte told us that we were going to the primary section of the young scientist in the RDS. We started our research and made our own hovercrafts.
To make the hovercrafts most of us got a CD and a pop up bottle lid and stuck it to the CD. We also tested paper and polystyrene plates, but the CDs were the best. There were also different types of hovercrafts boys made some that operated by the air from a hairdryer. One boy made one with an engine but it could only go on water. We then measured the distances and compared the different types of hovercrafts and balloons. We also weighed the hovercrafts to see if the lightest ones were the best. When we measured the hovercrafts we measured with the balloon off, then with the balloon on and there was no difference when we measured with the balloon on. We also tried different shapes we tried a star shape with polystyrene and paper they were both disasters. We also tried the hovercrafts on different materials like grass, water, sponge ground, fabric, tabletop, and tarmac most of them were successful.
We then started making up different ways hovercraft technology could be used in the future, we all drew diagrams and wrote a bit about how our invention would work and how it would be used. Here are some examples of the things we thought up, Hover Bag; this would make your bag lighter, Hover House; you could travel places while staying at home, Hover Boat; you could escape tsunamis by just hovering over them, Hover Shoes; you could fly to school or fly anywhere else, Hover Cars; could go over any terrain or water.
We started then researching Christopher Cockerell and mountable hovercrafts and we brainstormed some ideas for hovercrafts. The next weekend was when we were going to the RDS and we were all ready. We decided there would be 3 shifts, one in the morning, one around midday and one in the early evening. I was in the morning shift. When I arrived we were setting up the stall and my friends were watching a 3D documentary about space. When that was over we came back and there were quite a few people around and we explained and showed our project to whoever was interested. We looked around and there were some pretty amazing things.
In the end it was an extremely interesting project and we learned lots of things and had great fun explaining it to other people. It was also exciting looking at the other projects especially the secondary school part of it because they made some pretty cool things. Some of the people made robots for robot wars. It’s pretty amazing what you can make with technology and your imagination. | <urn:uuid:897d00c6-4ddd-444d-96e0-e65119a38d22> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stjosephsterenure.ie/2015/page/7/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.9855 | 751 | 2.421875 | 2 |
8 mobile learning design considerations - Infographic
According to Statista, the number of mobile phone users in 2017 is forecast at a staggering 4.77 billion. It is a trend that is not going away. Organisations now need to consider mobile delivery when developing learning for their workforce. As you start scoping your mLearning, there are a number of important design decisions to be made.
1 Ergonomics of the Design
It is wrong to assume that content can simply be lifted from an existing eLearning course and fitted into a mobile design.
2 Content Creation
With mLearning there is often a need to restructure information, change the choice of media, and rework images and graphics to make the content work on smaller screens or suit users learning on the move.
Mobile learning lends itself to just-in-time learning. Users are accessing content on the go and at a fast pace. With growing demands on our time, ensuring that the content is broken down into manageable bite sized chunks of learning encourages better engagement.
4 Size of Content
There is a general expectation from desktop users that content be available within 2 seconds. Mobile users are for the moment slightly more patient however you are competing with other barriers to learning. With mobile learning, distraction from external stimulations and the lure of social media can hinder progress so it is important that content is available at an acceptable speed.
5 Online Safety/security considerations
Online security issues deters some organisations from introducing mobile learning. Employers want to track learning and engagement however with the creation of user accounts comes the threat of hackers gaining access to sensitive information. It is important to incorporate security requirements at the design stage, including authentication, sign-in procedures and rules of engagement for employees.
6 Accommodate Differing Learning Styles
To compensate for distractions and encourage engagement and retention of knowledge, consideration should be given to tailoring learning to accommodate different learning styles. A mobile learning platform lends itself to incorporating podcasts, videos, interactive quizzes and ebooks.
7 Device Choices
Users may be accessing the same learning content from different devices, on desktop in the workplace and mobile device when out of the office. In mLearning which uses responsive design, content is automatically repositioned dependant on the device so it is important to consider positioning of content in the original design. With adaptive design you can create different templates to suit each device, giving more freedom to customise how content is being viewed.
8 Test, Test and Test again
As with the design of any new content or medium, you must test and retest. Establishing a beta test group gives you true testing data as well as the potential to create a super user group which can support the company wide implementation of the learning. | <urn:uuid:e1c758f9-3531-41aa-a054-0b405e1bd7c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ecomlearningsolutions.com/en-us/library/8-mobile-learning-design-considerations-infographic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.91302 | 563 | 2.3125 | 2 |
It is common knowledge that yoga is great for adults. And millions around the world pursue this practice regularly. But is yoga only for adults? No! Yoga practice should ideally begin at an early age, so kids can grow into a well-rounded individual and not come to yoga to fix issues with their body and mind later in life. I often wonder why we wait so long to begin.
Yoga is a gift to humanity, and should be started early in life so the practitioner can reap the lifelong benefits of this ancient practice. There are some very important advantages to starting yoga when you are young. The magical age is 8.
It is common knowledge that adults combat stress in many forms every day. But today’s children are as stressed as adults. They have to keep up with the growing competition in schools and colleges, deal with peer pressure and the difficult stage of puberty, stay involved in extracurricular activities and meet their parents and teachers’ expectations. For a kid, this is a lot to handle.
We should all know about the benefits of yoga for children. The practice has a huge effect on the body and the systems that support it, like the nervous, respiratory and digestive systems. Yoga influences children’s emotions and behavior; it has a positive effect on the mental state and aids creativity.
Just like you prep the soil before you sow the seeds, one needs to prepare the mind. The mind assumes many stages. While many believe that kids can be difficult to influence, some are actually very receptive. Yoga can help transform the ‘quality of consciousness.’ The quality of consciousness is good when one is aware and receptive and not so good if you find yourself lost in your own thoughts, unable to focus, absorb or retain information or have a poor memory.
At what age should kids start yoga? In India, children traditionally have their thread ceremony (upanayanam) — their initiation into religious practices — at age 8. At this age, children are introduced to sun salutations, nadi shodhana pranayama and the gayatri mantra. This age represents the end of childhood. Even modern scientists recognize that this is a crucial milestone for physiological and psychological development of children transitioning into adult life. Some of the evidence that supports this is:
- The number of air sacs in the lungs stabilize at age 8. After age 8, they only grow in size and not in number. This is considered to be the ideal time to introduce pranayama into a child’s daily routine. This will help the cardiovascular and respiratory systems maintain high levels of resistance and endurance.
- The health of the immune system is established by age 8. The sun salutations and nadi shodhana pranayama ensure continual development of the immune responses throughout life.
- The pineal gland is responsible for the maintenance of the child’s expanded state of awareness. Children who practice yoga in their 8th year experience a delay in puberty, thereby staying a child for a little while longer. This delay will help the child be ready to cope with the physiological, psychological and emotional onslaught of puberty. Children who hit puberty a little later are also found to be more intuitive, sensitive and and intelligent adults than those who hit puberty quickly.
- Psychologists believe that kids’ ability to understand concepts and ideas which form the basis of ongoing technical and moral education begins at age 8. Before this, fantasy and play are dominant in the child’s life.
- Spiritual development begins at this age. This is a great time to initiate children into karma yoga – where they begin to help with small household tasks, earn some responsibility, learn morals and are held accountable. This will help them develop their own spiritual journey.
Children can definitely grow and flourish with yoga. I don’t mean we should become obsessed with our children doing yoga and start before they can even walk. However, when the age is right, I encourage you to find a teacher who can help make yoga a part of your child’s life. It is an empowering gift to give a child. Swami Satyananda Saraswati has said: “The destiny of the whole world depends on little children. If you want to see the silver lining on the horizon it is not you and me, but children who have to be spiritualized.”
[Photo by Jaybird – CC BY]
Interested in more content like this? Get social with us:
- Why I am Not a “Yogi”: The True Meaning of the Term - Nov 1, 2016
- Top 5 Things to Look for In a Yoga Teacher Training - Jun 12, 2016
- What’s the Difference? Hatha Yoga vs Vinyasa Yoga - Mar 23, 2016 | <urn:uuid:d8308889-0767-4a3c-9278-02fd61bf0412> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://seattleyoganews.com/yoga-for-kids-right-age/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.954111 | 982 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Justin Zielke is a Kansas-based sculptor, installation artist, and adjunct professor. One of his latest works explores traditional and digital clay processes with the use of photogrammetry and RealityCapture software. Justin creates strategically posed clay sculptures that range in stages from armature to complete sculpture. He uses 3D scanning and stop-motion animation to create a repeating walk cycle, making a unique way to visualize clay sculpting.
Sculptures Justin Zielke
I am at heart, a lover of the human form and its movement. So, I dedicate my studies to animation, figurative sculpture, and abstract textures of motion.
From an art history perspective, my work is inspired by early locomotion studies by Carlo Urbino and Muybridge. In the contemporary landscape, Nauman’s earlier work of body movement inspired by gestalt therapy has always been a key influence.
From a psychological perspective, I enjoy exploring stop motion as a way to visualize how we adopt specific memories as key qualifiers of our identity. I'm also a bit of a tech nerd that just enjoys discovering happy accidents!
My work marries traditional clay sculpting and 3D animation. For example, I sculpt faces morphing in and out of representation with stop motion. Each decision is photographed on a timeline to create a fluid movement. I will pause this process, create a 3D mesh using photogrammetry, texture, light, animate, and render one of these faces going through a sequence of facial expressions. I then seamlessly integrate the 3D mesh back into a stop motion process.
I use WED EM 217 clay from Laguna with a variety of sculpting tools, a Sony a6000 for photographing, Dragon Frame for stop motion, RealityCapture for photogrammetry, Zbrush for detail and blendshapes, Blender for 3D pipeline, and Davinci Resolve for final compositing.
As a traditional sculptor, photogrammetry is becoming more and more of a staple in my practice. For my newer video work, I use it constantly. In fact, I scan around eight sculptures to complete one work! Outside of my video work, photogrammetry has become a way for me to document my sculptures. It is quickly replacing traditional mold-making techniques. It saves money and space.
Another vital shift is the timing of my expenses. In traditional processes, a sculptor has to pay the upfront costs to market their work. With photogrammetry, a collector can experience the work with AR and help with the expenses of creating the final work.
Photogrammetry has been a part of my process for the past decade. I remember my first horrendously interesting results in my grad program! I stumbled across RealityCapture in 2019. It offers the best results, has a great forum of experts, and an unbelievably kind pricing structure that beats any competitor!
Screenshot from RealityCapture - Justin Zielke
I recently had an exhibition of my traditional work at Hugomento in San Francisco. As of right now, I share and sell my video work online with Foundation. I am also preparing for a public sculpture commission and an art residency for programs that I can't announce yet. Hoping to reveal these before Summer of 2022. For the future, I’m hoping to produce or collaborate with a gallery to show these movement studies in VR, video, and traditional sculpture! | <urn:uuid:643e51a6-a562-4275-a48d-9a7a45591119> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.capturingreality.com/photogrammetry-and-clay-sculpting-visual | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.934599 | 691 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Module 4 – Case
Case Topic: Nissan Motor Company Ltd.: Building Operational Resiliency
Please thoroughly review the case details from the reference below. This is a very interesting case giving you the real world information on the various aspects of operational decisions.
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William Schmidt, David i-Levi “Nissan Motor Company Ltd.: Building Operational Resiliency†MIT Sloan Case. MIT Sloan School of Management. Case: 11-116, 2013
If the hyperlink above doesn’t work directly (you don’t need to register to MIT site), please copy the link below to your browser to open the case page: https://mitsloan.mit.edu/LearningEdge/operations-management/nissan-motor-company/Pages/Nissan-Motor-Company.aspx
Japan’s March 11, 2011 Great TÅhoku earthquake and tsunami was among the most damaging natural disasters on record. This case examines the organizational structure and operational decisions that allowed Nissan Motor Company to recover from the disaster more rapidly than its peers. In doing so, Nissan was able to increase production and capture market share from its slower-to-recover competitors.
- The case identifies several aspects of the Nissan response that were particularly beneficial. Expand on the points made in the case to identify the potential costs and benefits of these actions.
- What else could Nissan have done to prepare for and respond to the disaster? Try to articulate the costs and benefits of your suggestions.
- What could Nissan have done to assess the risk of disruption in their supply chain?
- How did Nissan’s product line strategy help or hurt its ability to respond to and recover from the disaster?
- Use the information provided in the Background readings. Please do any additional research as necessary.
- Review the information in the case study and become familiar with the details
- There is no set response to the case questions so don’t hesitate to think outside the box.
- It is essential to provide a well written paper with detailed analysis.
READ the information provided by the resources and references on the Background page. Understand the importance of supply chain management and its link to operations strategy.
NOTE: Cite the references in the Background, as well as additional references you use in your case paper.
The report should be 5–6 pages and submitted by the module due date. | <urn:uuid:7714a386-fd66-4181-b563-f64cc4a7f256> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bestdissertationtutors.com/operations-decisions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.915352 | 582 | 1.625 | 2 |
Editor's Note: The author of this column was one of the 15-member study committee selected by the Southern Baptist Convention to propose revisions to the Baptist Faith & Message (1963) and to present those revisions for approval or rejection by the SBC business session in 2000. He was also one of three committee members (along with Charles S. Kelley Jr. and R. Albert Mohler Jr.) appointed by the study committee to answer questions during the floor debate on the proposed revisions.
After the revised confession was overwhelmingly approved as the Baptist Faith & Message 2000 (BF&M), the Convention asked these three men to write a study guide to the confession (Kelley, Land, and Mohler, The Baptist Faith & Message, Nashville, LifeWay Press, 2007).
Also, Land is the only person to have served on both the 2000 study committee and on the seven-member committee appointed to draft a confessional article on “The Family” for the BF&M, which was overwhelmingly approved by the Convention in 1998.
What is the controversy roiling Southern Baptists concerning the term “pastor” all about? Is it a major doctrinal disagreement or is it merely a “tempest in a teapot,” unworthy of the heat it has generated? And why, in the larger scheme of things, does it matter?
The truth is that it is neither of the above but instead falls somewhere between misunderstanding and disagreement. It matters a great deal to me because the SBC has always been my spiritual home as a Christian. However, it is also the largest Protestant denomination in the country, Evangelical or otherwise. What happens in Southern Baptist life impacts American Christianity for good or ill. If Southern Baptists catch a cold, American Evangelicals start sniffling.
Part of the problem with the “pastor” terminology debate is that it is an ecclesiological (church) issue, and Baptists are pretty unique (at least within historical Protestant Christendom) when it comes to the doctrine of the church.
I taught a course on “Baptist Distinctives” to Southern Baptist seminarians for 13 years and I always started the first lecture with the doctrine of the church. The first sentence of the BF&M on “The Church” says:
“A New Testament church of the Lord Jesus Christ is an autonomous local congregation of baptized believers associated by covenant in the faith and fellowship of the gospel; observing the two ordinances of Christ, governed by His laws, exercising the gifts, rights, and privileges invested in them by His Word, and seeking to extend the gospel to the ends of the earth.”
I would always tell my students, “Almost every phrase of that definition separates Baptists from virtually all other major faith traditions arising out of the 16th and 17th century Reformation (Lutheran, Presbyterian, Anglican, even Congregational).
Perhaps the most unique part of the definition, and often the most difficult for outside observers to understand, is that each local congregation is autonomous “through democratic processes” and “under the Lordship of Christ.”
Consequently, there is no hierarchy or denominational vertical structure in Baptist ecclesiology. Each church calls her own pastors and staff members, owns her own property, and decides annually what percentage of her budget she wishes to contribute to Southern Baptist causes at the local, state and national levels. That is why the denomination is called the Southern Baptist “Convention” — it is a convention of local churches (approximately 46,000 local congregations) who have voted voluntarily to be part of the Convention and have been accepted by the other throng of Convention churches as espousing the doctrines outlined in the BF&M confession.
Each Baptist fellowship group, starting with the local congregation, the local association of churches, the state convention of churches, and the national Convention, decides for themselves (independently of what any other Baptist fellowship group may decide) whether a local church fits within acceptable Baptist doctrinal parameters. For example, a local church could be and sometimes is, a member of the national Convention, even after the church has been removed from the state convention and/or the local association.
During the theological controversies which produced the “Conservative Resurgence” in the last quarter of the 20th century, it was often claimed by Southern Baptist moderates that “being Baptist means you are free to believe anything you want to believe” under the “priesthood of the believer.” That assertion is only partially true.
Baptists do believe that humanly speaking, you are certainly free to believe whatever you wish. However, you do not have the right to believe, or disbelieve, anything you choose and still call yourself a Southern Baptist. Each fellowship group of Baptists, local church, local association, state convention, and national Convention, decides independently of each other whether you have strayed beyond the boundaries of what they each collectively believe it means to be “Southern Baptist.”
At the national level, the BF&M defines the doctrines and theological parameters Southern Baptists, as a corporate body, believe are acceptable for Southern Baptists to affirm and espouse.
The BF&M is not a creed and it is not binding on any individual’s conscience. The Southern Baptist Convention does, however, have the right to say by a vote of its member churches that a particular church has moved beyond the boundaries and consensus of what the member churches believe represents Southern Baptist’s faith and practice.
The BF&M is binding on the various entities owned and operated by the SBC at the national level (the six seminaries, the two mission boards, etc.) which are owned and operated by the Convention on behalf of the churches and for the benefit of helping the churches expand the Gospel around the globe.
About 20 years ago I was preaching a revival in a city away from my home in Nashville. I was invited, after the evening services one weeknight, to have a late dinner with a group of Southern Baptists from another church in town. Since I never eat before preaching at night, I accepted their invitation. It soon became clear that these church members were very exercised about the fact that their church was in the process of being voted out of membership in the local association of Southern Baptist churches because they were no longer requiring a baptism by immersion in water, subsequent to a personal testimony of having made a profession of faith in Jesus as their Lord and Savior as a prerequisite to membership in that local church. Evidently, they had invited me to dinner because they wanted to know what a “denominational official” thought about their controversy.
They were quite exercised as they explained to me how persecuted they felt that this was being done to them and that it was a “violation of local church autonomy” and the “priesthood of the believer.” I listened politely to their indignation as I enjoyed an excellently prepared (seared on the outside, RARE on the inside) Porterhouse steak.
Just as the dessert (a magnificent chocolate bread pudding soufflé) arrived, they turned to me and said, “Dr. Land, what do you think?”
I took a bite of the soufflé, which was sublime (If you are what you eat, parts of me are chocolate). Then I asked them to please remember in about five minutes that they did ask me for my opinion. I told them, “This is not a violation of local church autonomy. No one is trying to come in and remove your pastor and your church leadership. No one is proposing to confiscate your property. This is a local association of Southern Baptist churches that are saying that if you no longer require baptism by immersion in water after a profession of faith in Jesus as your personal Savior, then you are no longer a Baptist church by their collective definition of the term.
“They are removing you from fellowship in the association in order to witness to the surrounding world what their beliefs are about what a Baptist church is.” I concluded by saying, “Frankly, if I were in your association, I would vote to disfellowship you as well.” The dinner party broke up quite quickly after that exchange.
I hope this background helps to explain the non-hierarchal, horizontal nature of Southern Baptist ecclesiology and polity. Also, I used this example because of the current kerfuffle concerning the nomenclature used by churches in “ordaining” or “dedicating” certain women staff members as “pastors” with qualifying descriptors such as “children’s pastor” or “pastor to senior adults” as opposed to “children’s minister” or “minster to senior adults” certainly does not rise to the level of rejecting a proper definition and mode of baptism as a prerequisite for church membership in a local Baptist church.
Instead, it is a question of whether or not the pastoral office is a position of authority and if so, does conferring even a restricted use of the term “pastor” inevitably give some people the impression, intended or not, that the church has conferred pastoral authority on a woman in violation of apostolic mandate.
The BF&M does state that “while both men and women are gifted for service in the church, the office of pastor is limited to men as qualified by Scripture.”
Why do Baptists believe that? There are several reasons, all having to do with their understanding of the “Manual for Faith, Order, and Practice in Baptist Churches” — the New Testament.
In the section of the New Testament most directly applicable to things being done with order in the local church (The Pastoral Epistles) the Apostle Paul tells his son in the faith, Timothy, “I suffer not a woman…to usurp authority over the man” (I Tim. 2:12).
As Kelley, Mohler, and I point out in the BF&M Study Guide: “The
New Testament words that Baptists identify with the pastoral office
include terms translated as bishop, elder, and pastor. Each term adds
to our understanding of the pastoral office and the pastor’s
responsibility. Bishop means overseer—someone who oversees the
work of others…In the Christian church elder was used for someone
who presided over assemblies and served as a counselor. The term
pastor describes a shepherd who loves and cares for the believers who
make up the congregation.”
The Apostle Paul’s requirement that a pastor be “the husband of one wife” (I Tim. 3:2) clearly indicates in the New Testament pastors were to be men.
The verb form of all three of these words describing the office of pastor: episkopos (bishop), presbutero (elder), and poimainō (“to shepherd, or pastor”) are found in the Apostle Peter’s first epistle (I Pet. 5:1-5).
There is also a vivid example of the authoritative and shepherding role of the pastor in the 13th chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews. The Hebrew Christians are exhorted to put themselves under the authority of those who “watch for your souls, as they that must give account, that they may do it with joy.” (Heb. 13:7, 17, emphasis supplied).
Those who “watch for your souls” were the pastoral elders of the early church. And the statement that the pastoral undershepherds are going to give an account to the Lord Jesus concerning their watch care should be sobering to all who have the privilege of being the Lord’s undershepherds here on Earth of some of the Great Shepherd’s flock.
In life, and especially in religious life, with its eternal consequences, we have the responsibility to seek to be understood correctly. We have the additional responsibility to do our very best not to be misunderstood. From much experience, I know that some people, when reading this column will automatically assume that my position on this issue is dictated by my supposed prejudice toward women.
So let me “put my cards on the table” (if a Baptist can be permitted to use such a phrase). I believe the New Testament does not allow women to be in “authority” over men in the local church. However, while serving as president of the Southern Baptist Convention’s ethics and public policy entity (the Christian Life Commission, now the Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission), I called a woman to be the “head” of our Washington, D.C., office (the home office is in Nashville). And yes, she did have supervisory authority over men, which was perfectly appropriate because the Washington office was not a church and her supervisory role was not pastoral.
And by the way, her name was Shannon Royce and she did a great job until she felt that her responsibilities as a mother required her to resign. We were sorry to see her go and we missed her dedication and expertise.
I personally would have no theological problem with a woman being the head of any Southern Baptist institution or serving as a dean or a professor in any Southern Baptist seminary or college. If former U.N. Ambassador Jean Kirkpatrick had wanted to run for president, I would have been all for it. If an American Margaret Thatcher (my personal favorite political leader) emerged on the current scene, I would enthusiastically back her political ambitions.
And, having attended Southern Baptist churches all of my conscious life I am well aware that virtually all of our churches would implode upon themselves without the myriads of women who invest their spiritual gifts and time in local churches and in personal discipleship and other ministry efforts.
At the time the Baptist Faith & Message study committee was appointed, the idea of women serving in a pastoral role, senior and otherwise, in a local church was a bigger issue than I believe it to be in the current SBC. At the time the committee felt that it had to be addressed forthrightly in the BF&M 2000, and it was.
The present discussion is a disagreement among complementarians, not a debate between complementarians and egalitarians. On one side, you have complementarians who believe that, based on Scripture, women should not be given the title of pastor in any sense by the church because it would inevitably be perceived and interpreted as a church conferring some degree of pastoral authority on the individual woman given the title and that would contradict New Testament apostolic teaching.
The other group is complementarians who believe that while the role of “senior pastor” is reserved only for men, women can be given the title of some type of “pastor” without violating the New Testament admonition of not having a woman in authority over men in the local church.
I am certain that the overwhelming consensus among the study committee members was that the prohibition on women as “pastors” was meant to be inclusive, and did not leave room for female church staff members to be accorded even a qualified version of that title.
Frankly, I believe it is impossible in Southern Baptist culture and tradition for a church to confer even a qualified portion of the term “pastor” on a woman staff member without conferring some degree of pastoral authority upon her, which would be a violation of New Testament teaching.
As the discussion continues, Southern Baptists will have to decide how wide “like faith and practice” can be stretched and what is amenable to a significant majority of the local churches who will ultimately decide the matter.
I do know that those who object to expanding the pastoral terminology to women believe that if the practice is widely accepted, there will be an inevitable vocabulary-driven “mission creep” and sooner rather than later the Convention will have to arbitrate the issue of women being accepted as “the pastor” of local assemblies of believers.
This Southern Baptist would ask, “Why invite the confusion such imprecise vocabulary would inevitably bring with it? Why invite confusion and discord by calling a woman “pastor” to senior adults when “minister” to senior adults conveys an understanding of her important role in the church’s ministry without inevitably conferring perceived pastoral authority upon her in violation of the Apostle Paul’s clear direction.
Dr. Richard Land, BA (Princeton, magna cum laude); D.Phil. (Oxford); Th.M (New Orleans Seminary). Dr. Land served as President of Southern Evangelical Seminary from July 2013 until July 2021. Upon his retirement, he was honored as President Emeritus and he continues to serve as an Adjunct Professor of Theology & Ethics. Dr. Land previously served as President of the Southern Baptist Convention's Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission (1988-2013) where he was also honored as President Emeritus upon his retirement. Dr. Land has also served as an Executive Editor and columnist for The Christian Post since 2011.
Dr. Land explores many timely and critical topics in his daily radio feature, “Bringing Every Thought Captive,” and in his weekly column for CP. | <urn:uuid:fda70231-ca1e-403c-96bb-4f8f90d403af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.christianpost.com/news/the-southern-baptists-pastor-controversy.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.970146 | 3,595 | 1.734375 | 2 |
- University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
The problem of intentionality in ancient philosophy
The Stoics on Mental Representation and Content
This study focuses on Stoic theories of mental representation and content. It traces the development of the early Stoics’ views on content, which arose out of their response to Plato’s theory of Forms and over time evolved into a highly detailed and sophisticated semantic theory. Using this framework, it examines their treatment of mental states in terms of their basic notions of representation (phantasia) and endorsement (sunkatathesis), to understand the distinctive types of content these states possess and how they play their respective roles in our interactions with the world. | <urn:uuid:7d6488ca-fc24-4eb2-83fd-b39d32792bc3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.acls.org/fellow-grantees/victor-caston-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.921843 | 150 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Groups of refugees tried to break through a barrier on the Greece-Macedonia border on April 4, 5 and 6, ending in violent clashes with police.
Police fired tear gas at the refugees, who were trying to flee Greece to take refuge in other countries. Hundreds of refugees joined the campaign to move out of Greek camps, dubbed the “Caravan of Hope,” and the numbers of people trying to leave the camps grew amid rumors that border controls had been loosened.
After three days of clashes and chaos, police returned the refugees to the camps they had been staying in. Those refugees who had not been in camps before were placed in the Diavata refugee camp in northeastern Greece, the closest point to Macedonia, and will later be transferred to Athens.
The “Caravan of Hope” campaign started in February, when Iraqi and Syrian refugees in Turkey announced plans to gather at the northwestern Turkish city of Edirne and travel to Greece by land. Then the rumors on social networks began, including claims that the campaign had the support of human rights organizations and the media and that some of them were even planning to accompany the refugees until they reached their destination. Another rumor claimed that border personnel would not be taking action against any refugee trying to cross.
But ahead of the planned exodus on April 5, human rights organizations warned refugees not to carry it out. “Please be aware that these informal movements, whether by land or by sea, are risky and dangerous,” warned the UN Refugee Agency office in Greece. "Attempts to cross borders irregularly are often unsuccessful, and can bear serious consequences including arrest, detention, family separation and even death.” But groups of refugees ignored the warnings, and continued coordinating via Telegram channels and social media.
Thursday, April 4
On the afternoon of April 4, refugees who had traveled from various Greek cities and camps gathered in front of Diavata camp on the outskirts of the city of Thessaloniki. Each carried a backpack and a small tent or a sleeping bag. They tried to find a way through the fence so they could at least use the bathrooms inside the camp. Police stopped them, resulting in a clash, although at this point the violence was not yet serious. Eventually, with the help of refugees already inside the camp, they succeeded in making an opening in the fence.
Then the number of policemen lining up in front of the camp entrances was stepped up and some of the refugees saw that the police planned to prevent other groups from joining them. There were also rumors that a group of around 1,000 refugees had gathered in the city of Thessaloniki itself to join them but the police were stopping them from gathering.
The atmosphere became extremely tense and chaotic. Smoke rose from the ground, children were crying, and many refugees shouted and screamed, some of them with burning eyes and faces due to the teargas. In some cases, police attacked refugees with batons, and several refugees were injured. Two policemen were injured during clashes after people threw stones at them. The refugees became increasingly enraged by the police’s use of stun and teargas grenades, especially when some of them landed at the feet of children.
When night arrived, police blocked roads to the camp. The situation became quieter as groups set up their tents and lit small fires, sharing news and updates — though, as with the run-up to the clashes, some of the stories circulating did not come from reliable sources. Communication was difficult, as the internet connection to Diavata camp had been cut off.
It was just getting dark when the refugees began walking toward the police line in front of the camp’s entrance. Every step they took was matched by the police, until the refugees were standing face to face with police officers. The refugees had perhaps underestimated the police and did not anticipate that the more they went toward the border, the more the police would use violence, making it clear that the borders would remain closed and that they would have to remain in Greece. However, some of the refugees still believed that the next night, April 5, they would be able to cross the police barrier, though many doubted it.
The Rules for Refugees
In the summer of 2018, the European Union reached an agreement with Greece, Turkey and Italy that meant an increase to the budget for handling refugees in return for these countries’ cooperation to help slow the tide of refugees moving toward northern and western Europe. They also agreed to reinstate the 2013 Dublin Regulation, which refuses refugees the right to choose the country in which they seek asylum. Instead, it states that the person must apply for asylum in the first country he or she arrives in, and in which authorities officially register them. According to the Open Migration project, which supports migrants’ human rights through providing data and information regarding issues pertinent to them, “the asylum request by a third country national is to be presented in the first European country the person arrives in — usually either Italy or Greece — and where he or she was identified by local authorities. This evidently means that individual preferences — that is, where people arriving into Europe actually want to go to and where do they wish to live — are bound to not be properly taken into account.”
Prior to the decision to reinstate the Dublin Regulation, the Greek government had suspended it for at least two years. With its reinstatement, refugees entering Europe initially via Greece will be returned there if they travel elsewhere in Europe. Currently, the majority of European countries will return people to Greece if that is where they first entered Europe. The exception to this is the United Kingdom, which has stated that the refugee situation in that country is “in gross violation of human rights.”
The conditions for refugees in Greece is indeed so unfavorable that refugees want to leave the country however they can. “We have nothing to lose,” said one refugee, echoing the sentiment of many others. “It makes no difference whether we are in a camp, on the streets or in this compound. We have nothing else. Either we die or we open the border.”
Friday, April 5
On the morning of April 5, people took down their tents and prepared to move. By this time, police had completely surrounded the area in front of the camp.
The refugees, more a thousand of them, put their backpacks on their shoulders and set out to confront the police. At noon the caravan decided to first send the women forward and then the children. They did the same thing the next day when the fence that had separated the camp from the area outside it was broken and police entered the camp. This led many in the Greek media to accuse the refugees of using the children as “human shields.”
Refugees at Diavata camp had planned to join the caravan but soon changed their minds when they were met with violence from police, including attacks with stun and teargas grenades. Although a large number of refugees stayed outside the camp, as the police violence increased the number of refugees in the “caravan of hope” dwindled.
When the action taken by the refugees on April 5 proved to be ineffective, they decided to again confront the police. Hundreds of them banded together to break through the police line but not only they did not succeed, but the situation also got much worse, and refugees faced assaults from police armed with batons, stun grenades and teargas. The refugees then changed direction and headed toward the camp’s lower entrance. They were confronted by police every step of the way.
Again it was chaotic. The green expanse of the camp area was surrounded by smoke, teargas, sorrow and rage. Refugees ran from one side to of the camp to the other, families pushing baby carriages and not knowing where to go. They felt they couldn’t enter the camp, but also that they couldn’t leave the area. Everywhere, children were crying. Nevertheless, as 5pm approached, many still hoped they would be able to cross the border — and they had also heard news that a million additional refugees were planning to join them.
But as night approached the situation deteriorated further. Every time the refugees tried and failed to break through the police line, the police reinforced the cordon around them, making it smaller by closing more streets. Videos were circulated that showed refugees from other Greek cities planning to come to Thessaloniki. Authorities suspended trains traveling between Athens and Thessaloniki. Many of refugees had spent the night at train stations, hoping that, come morning, they would manage to get to Thessaloniki. Refugees in other camps in Greece constantly contacted people in the caravan, asking them if the borders had been opened because they wanted to come to Thessaloniki as well. They had no idea what was happening near the border with Macedonia.
The large green expanse was now filled with ash and the lingering smell of teargas. There was no food and no water. On April 5, the water supply to Conex shipping containers used as shelters was shut off, and internet connections remained down. As darkness approached, several groups of refugees, shocked at the levels of violence, which they had not anticipated, appealed to the police. After presenting identification and registering their names with the police, they were promised that they would be returned to their camps without any legal punishments.
Many Iranian refugees living in the camp who had planned to join the caravan changed their minds and returned to the Conex shelters. They were baffled as to why the Greek police had used teargas when there were children were in the crowd. One refugee told IranWire that he had heard that the border had been opened and so he moved toward the police barricade with his spouse and their three-year-old child — but then the teargas had stopped them.
Shocked and exhausted refugees gathered in groups to talk. Again citing rumors they had heard, some were still hopeful. They decided to move again the next day. Some young refugees who appeared to be more furious and angry than others were determined to go ahead regardless of the consequences and they encouraged other young refugees to join them — to get the attention of the media if nothing else. In the meantime the police cordon was getting tighter and tighter.
The night of April 5 passed in peace, though it was cold and many of the refugees did not have any food or water. Some of the refugees living in Diavata camp brought them blankets and food and even took a few of them to stay with them in their Conex shelters.
Saturday, April 6
There was a growing police presence. Some refugees argued that violence would get them nowhere, while others felt it was important to attract the attention of the media. But the police seemed to be better prepared than they had been the day before. They were not throwing teargas grenades into the crowd anymore, but instead shooting them into the air. Teargas and smoke were everywhere and breathing became difficult. Again one could hear children crying and screams. After a number of arrests on April 5, further refugees were arrested on April 6.
Surprised to have been attacked from every angle, many of the refugees now accepted that the borders would not be opened. Greek officials arrived and said as much, and Greek government ministers called on the refugees to leave the border towns. No volunteers were allowed to enter the camp or its surrounding area and dozens of volunteers were even detained for a few hours.
April 6 was worse than the previous two days. Tear gas made the refugees confused and despondent, and it became so bad, many had to leave the area, trying to make their way toward the camp. Then the fence broke and the refugees entered the Diavata camp at the same time as the police did. In one case, police arrested a man who was said to be representing a group of Kurdish refugees and the residents of the camp, which then clashed with the police in an effort to push them out. Now teargas and stun grenades exploded within the perimeters of the camp, while outside the camp another group of refugees clashed with the police.
By this time there were more representatives of the Greek media on the scene, talking to the refugees about their demands. “Let us leave Greece,” was basically the only answer that they gave. “We don’t want to live here.”
After a few hours of further clashes and disturbances, the situation both inside and outside the camp settled down. Apparently the refugees had come to accept that continuing their actions might lead to more violence. Little by little, they sat down in groups of a few. Some of the refugees who had traveled there were still in the camp when the camp residents returned to their shelters. It was not yet dark when the police brought several buses outside the camp entrances, tightened the cordon again and, after registering the refugees, loaded them onto the buses. About 200 refugees remained outside the camp — people who did not even have a camp to go back to. It was decided that they too would be bussed to Athens later.
Greece and the Refugee Crisis
Greek authorities have again pointed out that it has been given no other option than to deal with hundreds of thousands of refugees with little support. Northern and western European countries have made it clear that they are not prepared to have large amounts of refugees within their borders again, arguing that they are still dealing with the problems created after they opened their borders to refugees in 2015. And yet the situation in Greece is dire. The Greek economy is practically bankrupt and the number of homeless people in Greek cities is alarming. As a result, the situation for refugees in the country gets worse every day. Human rights organizations say that what has been going on in Greece is a violation of refugees’ human rights, warning that it could lead to a humanitarian tragedy.
In the meantime, Turkish police arrested hundreds of refugees hoping to go to the city of Edirne on the border with Greece. The police also tried to stop refugees from going to the border by refusing to give them permits to travel from city to city.
For many, the night of April 6 put an end to the Caravan of Hope, although many expressed optimism that, at least, they had been noticed by mainstream and alternative media. After such a long period of exhaustion over and frustration with being ignored, it gave them a sense of progress, however slight.
“We have nothing to lose,” one Iranian refugee said on April 6, as the Caravan of Hope came to a close. “At least we succeeded to say through the media that we live on the same earth — which has become our nationality. If you ask us ‘where are you from?’ we will answer: ‘Earth!’”
Read more from Aida Ghajar's series on human trafficking, refugees and asylum seekers, including:
The “Hellhole of Athens”, April 3, 2019
Frustrated Iranian Refugees in Turkey Launch Twitterstorm, February 15, 2019
Asylum Seekers in Greece: A Life of Fear and Suffering, January 29, 2019
Iranian Refugee Rights Activist Faces Long Prison Sentence in Greece, January 28, 2019
From Asylum Seeking to Asylum Dealing, January 23, 2019
Meeting with a Human Trafficker in Istanbul, December 18, 2018
Iranian Ambassador Shrugs Off Responsibility for Refugees, December 11, 2018
From France to Turkey: Human Trafficking and Asylum Seekers, November 13, 2018 | <urn:uuid:a2751292-2c07-41ae-a80b-0b439707b09f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://iranwire.com/en/features/65959 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.985574 | 3,180 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Free Printable World Map Images – free printable world map images, Free Printable World Map Images is a thing lots of people seek out every day. Although we have been now residing in modern day entire world where by charts can be found on portable apps, at times possessing a actual one that you could effect and symbol on remains to be important.
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What are the Most Important Free Printable World Map Images Records to acquire?
Discussing Free Printable World Map Images, surely there are so many forms of them. Generally, all types of map can be produced internet and exposed to folks to enable them to acquire the graph easily. Listed here are 5 of the most basic forms of map you need to print in your own home. Initial is Physical World Map. It really is possibly one of the most popular kinds of map that can be found. It is demonstrating the designs of each and every region around the globe, consequently the name “physical”. Through this map, folks can simply see and establish countries around the world and continents worldwide.
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The Free Printable World Map Images of the version is easily available. To make sure you can understand the map quickly, print the drawing on sizeable-size paper. This way, each and every country is seen easily without having to work with a magnifying cup. Second is World’s Climate Map. For those who really like traveling around the world, one of the most important maps to obtain is definitely the climate map. Possessing this sort of attracting about is going to make it more convenient for these people to explain to the climate or possible weather in the area in their visiting spot. Environment map is normally created by getting distinct hues to indicate the weather on each sector. The typical colors to get around the map are including moss green to symbol exotic drenched region, brown for dry area, and bright white to tag the region with an ice pack cap close to it.
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Free Printable World Map | D1Softball – Free Printable World Map Images Uploaded by Samar Juhanah Tuma on Friday, July 12th, 2019 in category Uncategorized.
Here we have another image World Map – Free Large Images | Maps | World Map With Countries – Free Printable World Map Images featured under Free Printable World Map | D1Softball – Free Printable World Map Images. We hope you enjoyed it and if you want to download the pictures in high quality, simply right click the image and choose "Save As". Thanks for reading Free Printable World Map | D1Softball – Free Printable World Map Images. | <urn:uuid:9b65beff-0748-4f5f-89de-129d7d8114f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://printable-maphq.com/free-printable-world-map-images/free-printable-world-map-d1softball-free-printable-world-map-images/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.91586 | 1,090 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Generally, a new type of government is established when its earlier alternative fails to fulfill the needs of citizens. When such a type of government is established, the positive attributes of the previous government are retained whereas, the negative attributes are changed. Similarly, Asymmetrical Federation and Adhocracy were established. So, what exactly is the difference between Asymmetrical Federation and Adhocracy? These two types of government are differentiated based on factors like definition, ideologies, characteristics, structure, etc. The widely used definition of Asymmetrical Federation is "Asymmetric federalism is found in a federation or confederation in which different constituent states possess different power: one or more of the states has more(division of powers) autonomy than the other although they have the same constitutional status" whereas, Adhocracy is defined as "A flexible type of organizational philosophy".
Comparison of Asymmetrical Federation vs Adhocracy proves to be significant when we are studying different types of governments. Asymmetrical Federation and Adhocracy may differ drastically in their principles or they could be such government forms, which are derived from one another. These principles and other details can be studied at Asymmetrical Federation Definition and Adhocracy Definition.
When you compare Asymmetrical Federation vs Adhocracy structure the factors to be considered are majority rule, succession, presence of parliament and constitution.
© 2015-2022. A softUsvista venture! | <urn:uuid:9e77e4f7-65e1-47b5-a223-225062ffaf96> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.governmentvs.com/en/asymmetrical-federation-vs-adhocracy/comparison-112-72-0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.944711 | 290 | 3.453125 | 3 |
MGT 660 Week 1 Assignment
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The ability to think strategically and make choices based on solid analysis and evaluation, in order to capitalize on achieving optimal results when applying limited resources of the firm, are at the core of this strategic initiative plan. Strategic initiatives act as the vehicle to accomplish strategic goals. Strategic initiatives translate vision into reality. The strategic management process enables organizations to achieve objectives through three stages: strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy evaluation.
For this assignment, create a market entry plan (entrepreneurial), a market expansion plan for an existing organization, or a mergers and acquisitions plan that seeks to increase your organization’s competitive advantage. Your strategic plan should aim to innovate. Throughout the development of your strategic plan consider your organization’s responsibility in the greater social good from a Christian perspective and how your plan address ethics, cooperate social responsibly and sustainability. Globalization brings both benefits and challenges in the business sphere. Be sure to consider how globalization impacts your strategic plan and address any international considerations if needed. Your strategic plan will be completed throughout the course in Topic 1, Topic 3, Topic 4, Topic 5, Topic 6, Topic 7, and Topic 8. Be sure to address instructor feedback when possible.
Part 1: Overview (Topic 1)
Imagine you need to present your initial pitch for your Strategic Initiative Plan. Create a 5-8 slide PowerPoint presentation with speaker notes that seeks to get permission from key stakeholders.
In your presentation, address the following:
- Identify the type (market entry, market expansion, merger, and acquisition) of Strategic Plan that you will be creating.
- Provide the vision, mission, and values of the organization.
- How do organization values drive the culture?
- What is the culture you intend to build, or exists, today?
- What is your competitive advantage?
Provide three to five sources in your presentation.
While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. | <urn:uuid:c487b14b-122c-4f7a-b22c-638c450a858d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://store.payloadz.com/details/2604877-documents-and-forms-research-papers-mgt-660-week-1-assignment.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.911522 | 507 | 2.03125 | 2 |
The answer is 8.4
Divide seven by eight. Remember, you will get a number less than one, so place your decimal point.
That is to one decimal place (figures after the decimal point).
It is 7.8
It is then 3.4 rounded up to one decimal place
0.195 = 0.2 rounded to one decimal place
Zero point seven one seven
2.75590551 rounded to the nearest tenths (its one place after the decimal point) is 2.8.
It is 1447.8 mm to one decimal place. There is only one decimal point!
There is always one decimal point but decimal places can be more than one. 927.1 has one decimal place which is the tenths place.
Eight point four. Eight point four. Eight point four. Eight point four.
It will be 4.7 | <urn:uuid:6785e01b-028e-47aa-8adf-81250c682130> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://math.answers.com/Q/What_is_seven_point_seven_six_to_one_decimal_place | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.880324 | 185 | 3.234375 | 3 |
No quantity of technologies is likely to generate a dent. Regardless of the many obvious ways it has enhanced our planet, it is necessary to adopt a critical stance towards it. Unfortunately, together with the creation of intriguing and new tasks, information write essay service technology has also caused a growth in unemployment. It plays an integral role in pupils having the ability to keep their jobs and go to college. A great deal of people also credit information technology using hardly any job security. Information technology also makes it simple for fund to operate on a worldwide level. It makes it possible for the online data to stay protected until accessed by the appropriate channels. Besides joining the instruction area, the level can also result in jobs in the region of corporate coaching.
You should be reliable! 4.keep it constructive and professional.
When you receive a degree in instructional technology, you can begin work for a teacher or curriculum planner at numerous universities and other educational institutes. A high degree degree in instructional technology may lead to quite a lucrative career in the region. Pupils are encouraged to speak to their Enrollment Coach for more info. All pupils need to cover tuition for all classes in which they’re registered. Some students with physical or learning disabilities need attention they can not get in the conventional classroom atmosphere. Pupils need to communicate quickly with one another, however at a centralized method. They ought to be prepared to commit at least 20 hours a week to their research.
Following the 11th-century, the british were released to exotic spices.
It’s also feasible that pupils may no longer should buy a textbook, if it’s converted to electronic format. It’s essential for students to fill out an application for a certificate prior to beginning the program work. By taking two courses per session, students may finish the program in two decades. They have the opportunity to learn from faculty members who are well respected in their area. They could gain access to the streaming solutions everywhere on campus using mobile data. Secondly, they ought to be able to use the technology. In the modern digital world, technology has really transformed into a highly successful classroom tool. As a result of the cloud and cellular devices, it’ll be integrated into every part of faculty. Assistive technology incorporates many specialized apparatus too, like typing telephones for people who are deaf and motorized wheelchairs for people who maynot walk.
2012 printing and could load duty forms w2, w-3 1099-misc, and 1096.
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Texas Silver Project
The Texas district is a key project in Thomson’s New England Fold Belt (NEFB) Hub and Spoke central processing strategy, where Thomson has the objective of bringing together a series of deposits that can feed a central processing facility. The Company has recently published JORC 2012 Mineral Resource Estimates for the Silver Spur, Twin Hills and Mt Gunyan deposits for an aggregate of 19.5 Moz AgEq at 54 g/t AgEq.
The Thomson Twin Hills MRE block modelling highlights that the resource is open to depth in several areas where step out drilling could quickly expand the mineralisation. This is most evident to the north where higher-grade mineralisation is open at relatively shallow depths and not drill tested below approximately 60 m from surface. Higher-grade silver mineralisation is also open to depth under the core of the deposit where interpreted “feeder structures” represent an attractive target for higher grade mineralisation
The Thomson Silver Spur MRE, as currently defined, is a modest size. However, the mineralisation remains under drilled with the high-grade silver – zinc mineralisation historically mined at the deposit, a priority drill target for Thomson. The Thomson block model highlights that mineralisation is to open depth requiring further drill testing to determine the full depth extent of the deposit.
Location and Geology
The Texas district is hosted by the early Permian age Silver Spur sedimentary basin. The Texas mineral district is developed over 50 sq. km area containing a diverse range of silver – gold, copper and base metal deposits styles including:
- Twin Hills is a sediment hosted, low-grade, silver-(gold) deposit with minor associated zinc, lead and copper. Approximately 25% of the known sulphide deposit was extracted via the previous Twin Hills open pit and heap leach operation, leaving silver – gold sulphide mineralisation outcropping in the pit floor, accessible for a potential restart of mining operations.
- Mt Gunyan is an undeveloped silver (gold-zinc-lead) deposit that outcrops as a prominent hill 3 km NE of the Twin Hills pit. Mt Gunyan comprises sediment hosted, low-grade, fracture vein related deposit. The majority of the deposit is strongly-to-partially oxidised with silver mineralisation starting from surface and continuing to depths of 150 m below surface and remains open below this depth.
- Silver Spur is a structurally controlled silver-base metal deposit located 2 km southeast of the Twin Hills open pit. Between 1892 and 1925 the Silver Spur underground mine produced approximately 2.19 Moz silver (average grade of 800 g/t Ag), and 690 t of zinc, 1,050 t of lead and 990 t of copper and by-product gold from approximately 100 kt of ore. The silver-zinc (lead–copper) halo and remnant high-grade silver mineralisation was not extracted by the historic mining operation. Thomson’s work has shown that the deposit has an unmined small oxide – transition zone overlying a larger primary sulphide zone of mineralisation. | <urn:uuid:533b4acb-a801-490d-a104-8d816a1f16c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thomsonresources.com.au/projects/texas-silver-project/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.908745 | 637 | 1.78125 | 2 |
A special exhibit on Empire, Wyoming will be on display at the Campbell County Rockpile Museum during the month of October. The the exhibit, a collection of standing banners, is on loan to the Rockpile Museum by the Wyoming State Museum in Cheyenne.
Empire, Wyoming itself is no longer a town you can find on the map, but from 1908 until about the mid-1920s, Empire was a thriving agricultural community of African-American homesteaders in eastern Wyoming, near the present-day city of Torrington.
In many parts of the Great Plains, African-American settlers, like so many others, found opportunity in the Homestead Act of 1862: A tremendously impactful land law that gave away more than 270 million acres of land across the United States from 1863 to 1986. Some of these settlements experienced strong partnerships with their neighbors, such as the amicable relationship between DeWitty—Nebraska’s most successful African-American homesteading town—and neighboring, mostly white Brownlee. In Empire, however, the black residents experienced hardship and discrimination.
This special exhibit is one part of several events happening in Gillette this month that will be sponsored by the Campbell County Rockpile Museum and the Rockpile Museum Association. A new exhibit: “The Black Cowboys of Campbell County” is also on display featuring highlights of some of the early pioneers of Campbell County. Additionally, on Saturday, October 12 and Sunday, October 13 the Campbell County Rockpile Museum and the Rockpile Museum Association will be presenting “A Tribute to Black Cowboys” there will be a special edition of “Black & Yellow Theatre: Voices of the Powder River Basin” at 11am and 2pm at the museum in the Campbell County Room Saddle Exhibit on Saturday, October 12, followed by a special screening of the award-winning documentary “Fire on the Hill: The Cowboys of South Central L.A.” at 7pm at the Rockpile Museum that evening. Then on Sunday, October 13 at 6pm at the Campbell County High School Auditorium, the Rockpile Museum Association is pleased to present Grammy Award Winner and Two-Time Emmy Nominee, The American Songster, Dom Flemons in concert as he presents his Smithsonian Folkways album, “Dom Flemons presents Black Cowboys”
Admission to all events are free to the public.
To find out more please contact Museum Educator, Stephan P. Zacharias at [email protected] | <urn:uuid:30198bdc-dfa8-4b3f-8e43-8dfafbc4056b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gillettechamber.com/rockpile-museum-hosts-special-exhibit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.94979 | 518 | 2.03125 | 2 |
In this module, students will:
- Understand the relevancy of diet quality to understand the physiology of animals.
- Use scientific practices to quantify and compare diet diversity and digestibility.
- Understand how the environment and animal morphology influences the physiological process of digestion.
- Archive digital data on diet diversity and digestion by your animal for future iteration, collaboration and discovery.
- Lab 3: Diet & Digestion
- Lab 3 Supply List
- Folder: Diversity Indices (This folder contains resources for calculating the Shannon Evenness Index of Diet Diversity)
- Guide: Calculate Shannon Evenness Index of Diet Diversity
- Guide: Shannon Diversity Index
- Lab: Calculating Biodiversity (Species Richness, Species Diversity, and How to Know When to Stop Sampling)
- At BSU, this module followed the Chukar Dissection module (Labs 1 and 2).
- The plan is to have a prestocked supply tote for this module that can be sent to participating colleges and universities.
- Remote options:
- For diet diversity, pictures of crop contents can be provided for digital analysis.
- For particle size, autoclaved feces can be provided. A sieve or perhaps a household strainer would be required.
- Graduate students are available to assist in teaching this lab remotely. Depending on travel and availability, they may be able to teach in person. | <urn:uuid:d36a4486-8e9c-4e41-9cee-55b9a3cce705> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.idahogem3.org/lab-module/chukar-diet | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.829587 | 295 | 2.59375 | 3 |
D-BUS is a message bus, used for sending messages between applications. Conceptually, it fits somewhere in between raw sockets and CORBA in terms of complexity.
D-BUS supports broadcast messages, asynchronous messages (thus decreasing latency), authentication, and more. It is designed to be low-overhead; messages are sent using a binary protocol, not using XML. D-BUS also supports a method call mapping for its messages, but it is not required; this makes using the system quite simple.
Author: Havoc Pennington <hp [at] redhat [dot] com>
Maintainer: Juergen "George" Sawinski <jsaw [at] gmx [dot] net>
Remark: Does cross compile (as setup and patched in T2).
Remark: Does not allow parallel builds.
Build time (on reference hardware): 5% (relative to binutils)2
Installed size (on reference hardware): 0.81 MB, 43 files
Installed files (on reference hardware):
1) This page was automatically generated from the T2 package source. Corrections, such as dead links, URL changes or typos need to be performed directly on that source.
2) Compatible with Linux From Scratch's "Standard Build Unit" (SBU). | <urn:uuid:f7e0a1c5-ee10-480b-9c79-b447611f5b3d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://t2sde.org/packages/dbus-glib | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.863609 | 289 | 1.875 | 2 |
H3 Homeless Programs
C.O.R.E. Homeless Outreach
The Coordinated Outreach Referral, Engagement (C.O.R.E.) program works to engage and stabilize homeless individuals living outside through consistent outreach to facilitate and/or deliver health and basic need services and secure permanent housing.
C.O.R.E. teams serve as an entry point into Contra Costa's coordinated entry system for unsheltered persons and work to locate, engage, stabilize and house chronically homeless individuals and families. The outreach teams identify individuals living on the streets, assess their housing and service needs, and facilitate connection to shelter and services.
To notify a C.O.R.E. team about an unsheltered homeless individual or family, please call 211. Please note that C.O.R.E. teams are not designed for crisis response. For medical or other emergencies involving homeless individuals, please call 911.
If you are between the ages of 18-24 and have run away, been thrown out, or are feeling unsafe in your home, we have free and voluntary services:
Transitional Living Program
The Transitional Living Program is for youth ages 18-24 who are homeless or transitioning out of foster care
Daytime Drop-In services for runaway or homeless youth age 18-24 years and overnight Emergency Shelter for runaway or homeless youth age 18-24 years
Subsidized Permanent Housing for youth over the age of 18 with chronic mental illness, HIV/AIDS, developmental or physical disabilities
The Contra Costa Adult Continuum of Services is dedicated to providing homeless adults with food, safe shelter, and referrals to needed support services as well as being a stepping stone toward self-sufficiency. We believe all individuals deserve the essential necessities of life.
Emergency Shelters for Adults
There are two emergency shelters which operate in the unincorporated areas of Richmond and Concord. Both run 24 hours a day and offer meals, laundry facilities, telephone, mail, advocacy, and case management.
Philip Dorn Respite Center
The Philip Dorn Respite Center is for individuals who have been discharged from a medical care facility but are too sick or medically vulnerable to reside in an emergency shelter and are without other shelter resources.
Permanent Supportive Housing
Photo courtesy of Treve Johnson Photography.
Health, Housing and Homeless Services (H3) collaborates with the Housing Authority of Contra Costa and other non-profit agencies to provide permanent supportive housing. More information about how to receive a housing assessment to determine if permanent supportive housing is an option. Learn more about other housing programs the Housing Authority of Contra Costa offers.
What is Permanent Supportive Housing?
Permanent Supportive Housing combines voluntary, flexible support services with housing to help adults with disabilities choose, obtain, and keep a place to live that is decent, affordable, and safe. Central to the program is the idea that people with disabilities should have the right to live in a home of their own, without any special rules or service requirements.
Placement into Permanent Supportive Housing is done through the Coordinated Entry System. To access Coordinated Entry:
- Call 211 or text HOPE to 20121
- Go to a CARE center
- Connect with CORE mobile Outreach by calling 211
For permanent housing options for youth ages 18-24, see Permanent Connections.
Community Homeless Court
Homeless Court is an alternative to the traditional criminal justice court system. The Homeless Court program is focused on helping individuals with a history of homelessness clear fines for infractions. Clients are rewarded retroactively for the work they have already done toward clearing the fines on their tickets. Court sessions are held remotely until further notice.
Honorable Judge Steve Austin
- The client must be currently homeless or have been homeless at the time the citation was issued.
- The client must have been receiving services to help them become self-sufficient (case management at a shelter, substance abuse, transitional living program, independent living skills, etc.) for at least 90 days at the time of the referral.
- A client cannot refer him/herself to Homeless Court.
- Only the agency at which they have been receiving these services may refer the client to Homeless Court.
- If the client was seen at a Homeless Court in another county but still has tickets in Contra Costa County, they may request that county's Homeless Court program to submit an inter-county referral so that their cases can be addressed in this county.
- The court asks that if the client is not clean and sober, please wait to apply to have the fines waived. A person using makes poor choices and that includes driving unsafely.
- For more information about how to refer clients, please see Frequently Asked Questions
Health, Housing and Homeless Services
Lakisha Langston, Homeless Court Coordinator
Phone : 925-608-6700 | <urn:uuid:d702cc5c-6d17-4726-bb12-6e234ff0bfc3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wap2.cchealth.org/h3/services.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.936707 | 1,054 | 1.625 | 2 |
A classical result of A.~D. Alexandrov states that a connected compact smooth -dimen\-sional manifold without boundary, embedded in , and such that its mean curvature is constant, is a sphere. Here we study the problem of symmetry of in a hyperplane in case satisfies: for any two points , on , with , the mean curvature at the first is not greater than that at the second. Symmetry need not always hold, but in this paper, we establish it under some additional condition for . Some variations of the Hopf Lemma are also presented. Part II [Y.Y. Li and L. Nirenberg, Chinese Ann. Math. Ser. B 27 (2006), 193--218] deals with corresponding higher dimensional problems. Several open problems for higher dimensions are described in this paper as well.
Cite this article
YanYan Li, Louis Nirenberg, A geometric problem and the Hopf Lemma. I. J. Eur. Math. Soc. 8 (2006), no. 2, pp. 317–339DOI 10.4171/JEMS/55 | <urn:uuid:77b623da-6fc4-4e3b-99aa-e0f7bd79a1ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ems.press/journals/jems/articles/845 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.901313 | 232 | 1.523438 | 2 |
- Telling and representing the time in both analogue and digital formats.
- Write on numbers to the clock face.
- Ask questions about time.
Telling and representing time is one of the fundamentals of mathematics that isn’t only used during school but carried into everyday use later in life. The SWITCH clock board helps children at an early grasp the importance of ‘telling the time’ in a fun practical way.
Early Years, Primary, Secondary, Special Needs
KS1 (4-7 years), KS2 (7-11 years)
|Areas of Learning||
Exclusive to ESP, Outdoor Curricular, Quiet Activity, SEN Inclusive / Adaptable, Social Interaction, Switch | <urn:uuid:0d1a6cc0-110e-4766-b236-dc388a46163f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.espplay.co.uk/shop/outdoor-curriculum/switch-clock-board/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.871127 | 192 | 3.921875 | 4 |
Alcohol is the most dangerous substance. CC by gfpeck/Flickr
Alcohol, not heroin or crack cocaine, is the biggest risk of all well-liked substances, a recent study has found. Other popular drugs ranked as a lot more lethal, however alcohol’s effects on society as a whole put it at the top of the list. The study, which evaluated 20 popular drugs for their detrimental effects on users and the individuals around them, ranked “hard” substances for instance ecstasy at the bottom of the list. You should take alcohol in moderation especially if you feel like asking yourself, is mental illness hereditary?
A lot more harmful than all drugs is alcohol
The cost of alcohol to society makes it probably the most dangerous drug being abused in the U.K., based on a study published in the British medical journal Lancet. Based on CNN, there were many drugs looked at by experts. The social, psychological and physical difficulties caused by the substances were all studied. A scoring system created to evaluate the degree of danger gave alcohol 72 out of a possible 100 points. The second and 3rd place substances were heroin and crack cocaine. They only got 55 and 54 points. Only five points went to mushrooms, seven to Lysergic acid diethylamide, ecstasy with nine, and marijuana scored 20.
Why is alcohol more dangerous than crack cocaine and narcotics?
Booze is the most damaging drug to society, before narcotics and crack because it’s the most abused drug and is legal and available in society. There were probably the most harmful substances depicted by the study also. Methamphetamine, crack cocaine and heroin were all listed. Dependence, injury and mortality were just some of the nine factors used to determine how damaging the drug was. Things like crime, economic cost and environmental harm were considered too. These were some of six factors about harm caused to others. BBC News spoke to co-author David Nutt who said that many will go to “extraordinary lengths” to abuse alcoholic beverages and thousands in Britain are addicted to it.
Just what alcohol does
17.6 million adults are alcoholics, the National Institutes of Health tells us. Many drinkers do not know it is a problem considering it is legal and socially acceptable, Dr. Jeffery Parsons, an addiction expert, told the New York Daily News. Unless you get arrested for drunk driving, it is entirely legal to drink which is why it is easy for many to abuse the drug and still feel like they’re following all the rules. | <urn:uuid:4910d252-0420-4dff-ae8d-9c0110474286> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://woodburnbrewery.com/alcohol-the-most-over-used-substance-is-also-most-damaging/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.973298 | 517 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Does your house have a couple of trim pieces that appear to have a bit of mold or rot? You may be planning to paint over them. A lot of homeowners believe this method is an easy and quick solution.
Unfortunately, though it may take care of the visual elements, it won’t tackle the actual underlying problems. The truth is that you may even make the issue worse.
Keep in mind that the “out of sight, out of mind” mentality is not the ideal way to handle structural damage to your house. If you don’t know what to do, you can always hire professional Tulsa painters for help.
A couple of people will probably tell you that it’s fine to paint over rotted wood. However, neglecting the problems can have huge consequences down the line. Today, we’re going to share with you a couple of reasons why you should avoid painting over rotted wood.
If you allow moisture to sit in a single area for a long period, it will start to grow into mold. For those who don’t know, mold can have severe health consequences if you do not remove and take care of it properly. Houses with mold issues can be a cause of allergies, lung irritation, and a lot of other issues.
Because of that, you should not paint over rotted wood since it might have mold. If you do, it will only agitate the spores. If this happens, the mold will find another area in your home to grow.
Moisture can quickly cause splitting and rotting in wood. A new paint coat won’t do anything to fix the issue. If moisture begins to soak into the wood, it can lead to the expansion of the wood. Eventually, the wood will swell and deteriorate. Thus, painting over the issue will not fix the problem. It will simply make the problem worse. The paint will not be able to stick to the damaged and wet wood. Thus, it will not look appealing when you paint over it.
Though paint can help protect your house from moisture, it will not fix the issue if the water has soaked in already.
There is a huge possibility that you’ve got a leak in your home if you’ve got moisture rot in the wood of your house. Before painting that area, you’ll have to ensure you fix the leak so that the problem will not happen again in the future.
Are you noticing damaged or cracked wood on or around your house? If so, it can be an indication of a termite infestation. Termites can damage and eat wood. They can drastically lower your home’s structural integrity if you ignore them for a long period.
Painting over termite damage is simply not ideal. On several occasions, it might also be a legal issue. If you’re fixing termite damage through painting because you want to sell your house, an inspector will easily find the damage. It can make your house barred for sale until you fix the damage. | <urn:uuid:5998f92b-0d0b-440b-8c1d-0a20121eb3aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.beecherchamber.com/category/painters/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.936144 | 634 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Rebuilding U.S. Manufacturing Is the Only Path to an Economic Renaissance
Brad Greve knew it was just a matter of time before the computer chip shortage disrupting the auto industry had a ripple effect on aluminum manufacturing in Iowa.
Greve and his colleagues at Arconic Davenport Works—members of United Steelworkers (USW) Local 105—supply the Ford F-150 pickup and other vehicles.
Automakers forced to cut production because of the semiconductor crunch scaled back the amount of aluminum they take from the facility, just as Greve expected, posing another potential setback to a plant already fighting to rebound from the COVID-19 recession.
Trying to weather the semiconductor shortage automakers have cut shifts, allocated chips to popular models, and even eliminated key features to get cars to market.
America cannot afford to jeopardize major industries for want of parts.
The nation’s prosperity depends on ensuring the ready availability of all of the raw materials and components that go into the products essential for crises and daily life.
That will mean ramping up domestic production of the semiconductors—now made largely overseas—that serve as the “brains” of automobiles, computers, cell phones, communications networks, appliances and life-saving medical equipment.
But it will also require building out supply chains in other industries. For example, America needs to produce titanium sponge for warplanes and satellites, pharmaceutical ingredients for medicines and the bearings that keep elevators and other machinery running.
The failure of just one link in a supply chain—as the semiconductor shortage shows—has the potential to paralyze huge swaths of the economy. That’s why it’s crucial not only to source components on U.S. soil but also to incorporate redundancy into supply lines so that an industry can survive the loss of a single supplier.
“It’s that ripple effect,” said Greve, president of Local 105, recalling the time when a fire at a die-cast parts supplier disrupted production of the F-150. “If you shut down a car manufacturer—or they can’t get one part—you can affect a whole lot of jobs around the country.”
COVID-19 interrupted computer chip production even as demand for televisions, home computers and other goods soared among consumers locked down in their homes. Now, neither U.S. automakers nor manufacturers of other goods can obtain adequate amounts of the semiconductors they need.
Because of the shortage, carmakers cut shifts and laid off workers. The production cuts come when the nation needs the boost from auto sales—and other items containing semiconductors—to climb out of the recession.
Although the decreased aluminum shipments haven’t resulted in layoffs at Davenport, the automotive supply-chain meltdown couldn’t have come at a worse time. When the pandemic curbed air travel last year, airplane manufacturers cut back on the aluminum they get from Arconic.
“Automotive is what kept us going,” Greve said.
The nation’s share of chip manufacturing capacity fell from 37 percent to 12 percent over the past 30 years. And although demand for chips continues to grow, the U.S. stands to gain only a fraction of the additional capacity currently in the pipeline.
That leaves the country overly reliant on foreign suppliers who can encounter their own production shortfalls, as happened during the pandemic, or who can cut off shipments for political or economic reasons at any time.
“If you’re going to war with somebody, they’re not going to sell you anything,” Greve said, noting dependence on overseas supplies threatens the nation’s ability not only to make cars and other consumer goods but also to obtain the chips needed for defense and intelligence purposes.
Although the current crisis centers on semiconductors, neglect of the nation’s manufacturing base decimated America’s capacity to produce parts and components for many other industries.
“It affects everybody,” Libbi Urban, vice president of USW Local 9231, said of hollowed-out supply chains that threaten jobs and access to goods. Because of the semiconductor shortage, automakers now take less of the galvanized steel she and her coworkers make at Cleveland-Cliffs’ New Carlisle, Indiana, Works.
Shortages of medical and safety equipment during the pandemic revealed how much manufacturing power the nation let slip away.
But it wasn’t only the finished products, like face masks, America found itself ill-equipped to produce. Makers of hand sanitizer and cleaning products struggled to obtain adequate supplies of the hand pumps and spray triggers made overseas.
“How much time and money are being lost waiting on overseas companies to get products and supplies to the U.S.?” Urban asked.
President Joe Biden took the first step toward rebuilding manufacturing power with an executive order in February requiring immediate reviews of supply chains for the semiconductor, pharmaceutical, electric-battery and rare earth minerals industries as well as longer-term reviews of other sectors.
But after identifying weaknesses, America needs to implement a strategy for restoring supply lines and ensuring long-term resiliency.
That will include direct investment in U.S. manufacturing facilities, such as the $37 billion Biden proposed to ramp up chip production.
It involves strategically using tax incentives to encourage employers to expand operations and invest in new technology. And it means building strong markets for U.S. products, partly through policies that encourage federal contractors and other companies to buy domestic goods.
Besides cutting shifts, Greve noted, automakers have been trying to weather the semiconductor shortage by allocating chips to their most popular models or leaving vehicles partially completed until chips arrive.
GM even eliminated an important feature, an advanced fuel management system, in some models just to save chips and get vehicles to market.
“We shouldn’t have that happen in this country,” Greve said. “If we don’t make the supplies here, then we have no control.”
Independent Media Institute
This article was produced by the Independent Media Institute. | <urn:uuid:dc0f17c6-c2c0-4265-9f6a-504233afbcd0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.laprogressive.com/economic-equality/semiconductor-shortage | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.934106 | 1,286 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Ultimate Boeing 747 Gambit
The Ultimate Boeing 747 gambit is a counter-argument to modern versions of the argument from design for the existence of God. It was introduced by Richard Dawkins in chapter 4 of his 2006 book The God Delusion, “Why there almost certainly is no God”.
The argument is a play on the notion of a “tornado sweeping through a junkyard to assemble a Boeing 747” employed to decry abiogenesis and evolution as vastly unlikely and better explained by the existence of a creator god. According to Dawkins, this logic is self-defeating as the theist must now account for the god’s existence and explain whether or how the god was created. In his view, if the existence of highly complex life on Earth is the equivalent of the implausible junkyard Boeing 747, the existence of a highly complex god is the “ultimate Boeing 747” that truly does require the seemingly impossible to explain its existence.
Context and history
Richard Dawkins begins The God Delusion by making it clear that the God he talks about is the Abrahamic concept of a personal god who is susceptible to worship. He considers the existence of such an entity to be a scientific question, because a universe with such a god would be significantly different from a universe without one, and he says that the difference would be empirically discernible. Therefore, Dawkins concludes, the same kind of reasoning can be applied to the God hypothesis as to any other scientific question.
After discussing some of the most common arguments for the existence of God in chapter 3, Dawkins concludes that the argument from design is the most convincing. The extreme improbability of life and a universe capable of hosting it requires explanation, but Dawkins considers the God hypothesis inferior to evolution by natural selection as an explanation for the complexity of life. As part of his efforts to refute intelligent design, he redirects the argument from complexity in order to show that God must have been designed by a superintelligent designer, then presents his argument for the improbability of God’s existence.
Dawkins’ name for the statistical demonstration that God almost certainly does not exist is the “Ultimate Boeing 747 gambit“. This is an allusion to the junkyard tornado. Astrophysicist Fred Hoyle, who was a Darwinist, atheist, anti-theist and advocate of the panspermia theory of life, is reported as having stated that the “probability of life originating on Earth is no greater than the chance that a hurricane, sweeping through a scrapyard, would have the luck to assemble a Boeing 747.”
Arguments against empirically based theism date back at least as far as the eighteenth-century philosopher David Hume, whose objection can be paraphrased as the question “Who designed the designer?”. According to philosopher Daniel Dennett, however – one of Dawkins’ fellow “brights” – the innovation in Dawkins’ argument is twofold: to show that where design fails to explain complexity, evolution by natural selection succeeds as the only workable solution; and to argue how this should illuminate the confusion surrounding the anthropic principle.
Dawkins summarizes his argument as follows; the references to “crane” and “skyhook” are two notions from Daniel Dennett’s book Darwin’s Dangerous Idea.
- One of the greatest challenges to the human intellect, over the centuries, has been to explain how the complex, improbable appearance of design in the universe arises.
- The natural temptation is to attribute the appearance of design to actual design itself. In the case of a man-made artefact such as a watch, the designer really was an intelligent engineer. It is tempting to apply the same logic to an eye or a wing, a spider or a person.
- The temptation is a false one, because the designer hypothesis immediately raises the larger problem of who designed the designer. The whole problem we started out with was the problem of explaining statistical improbability. It is obviously no solution to postulate something even more improbable. We need a “crane”, not a “skyhook”; for only a crane can do the business of working up gradually and plausibly from simplicity to otherwise improbable complexity.
- The most ingenious and powerful crane so far discovered is Darwinian evolution by natural selection. Darwin and his successors have shown how living creatures, with their spectacular statistical improbability and appearance of design, have evolved by slow, gradual degrees from simple beginnings. We can now safely say that the illusion of design in living creatures is just that – an illusion.
- We don’t yet have an equivalent crane for physics. Some kind of multiverse theory could in principle do for physics the same explanatory work as Darwinism does for biology. This kind of explanation is superficially less satisfying than the biological version of Darwinism, because it makes heavier demands on luck. But the anthropic principle entitles us to postulate far more luck than our limited human intuition is comfortable with.
- We should not give up hope of a better crane arising in physics, something as powerful as Darwinism is for biology. But even in the absence of a strongly satisfying crane to match the biological one, the relatively weak cranes we have at present are, when abetted by the anthropic principle, self-evidently better than the self-defeating skyhook hypothesis of an intelligent designer.
A central thesis of the argument is that compared to supernatural abiogenesis, evolution by natural selection requires the supposition of fewer hypothetical processes; according to Occam’s razor, therefore, it is a better explanation. Dawkins cites a paragraph where Richard Swinburne agrees that a simpler explanation is better but reasons that theism is simpler because it only invokes a single substance (God) as a cause and maintainer of every other object. This cause is seen as omnipotent, omniscient and totally “free”. Dawkins argues that an entity that monitors and controls every particle in the universe and listens to all thoughts and prayers cannot be simple. Its existence would require a “mammoth explanation” of its own. The theory of natural selection is much simpler – and thus preferable – than a theory of the existence of such a complex being.
Dawkins then turns to a discussion of Keith Ward’s views on divine simplicity to show the difficulty “the theological mind has in grasping where the complexity of life comes from.” Dawkins writes that Ward is sceptical of Arthur Peacocke’s ideas that evolution is directed by other forces than only natural selection and that these processes may have a propensity toward increasing complexity. Dawkins says that this scepticism is justified, because complexity does not come from biased mutations. Dawkins writes:
[Natural selection], as far as we know, is the only process ultimately capable of generating complexity out of simplicity. The theory of natural selection is genuinely simple. So is the origin from which it starts. That which it explains, on the other hand, is complex almost beyond telling: more complex than anything we can imagine, save a God capable of designing it.
Assessment and criticism
Theist authors have presented extensive opposition, most notably by theologian Alister McGrath (in The Dawkins Delusion?) and philosophers Alvin Plantinga and Richard Swinburne. Another negative review, by biologist H. Allen Orr, sparked heated debate, prompting, for example, the mathematician Norman Levitt to ask why theologians are assumed to have the exclusive right to write about who “rules” the universe. Daniel Dennett also took exception to Orr’s review, leading to an exchange of open letters between himself and Orr. The philosopher Sir Anthony Kenny also considers this argument to be flawed. Cosmologist Stephen Barr responded as follows: “Paley finds a watch and asks how such a thing could have come to be there by chance. Dawkins finds an immense automated factory that blindly constructs watches, and feels that he has completely answered Paley’s point.”
Simplicity of God and materialist assumptions
Both Alvin Plantinga and Richard Swinburne raise the objection that God is not complex. Swinburne gives two reasons why a God that controls every particle can be simple: first, a person, as indicated by phenomena such as split-brains, is not the same as their highly complex brain but “is something simpler” that can “control” that brain; and second, simplicity is a quality that is intrinsic to a hypothesis, not related to its empirical consequences.
So first, according to classical theology, God is simple, not complex. More remarkable, perhaps, is that according to Dawkins’s own definition of complexity, God is not complex. According to his definition (set out in The Blind Watchmaker), something is complex if it has parts that are “arranged in a way that is unlikely to have arisen by chance alone.” But of course God is a spirit, not a material object at all, and hence has no parts. A fortiori (as philosophers like to say) God doesn’t have parts arranged in ways unlikely to have arisen by chance. Therefore, given the definition of complexity Dawkins himself proposes, God is not complex.” see Watchmaker Analogy
“But second, suppose we concede, at least for purposes of argument, that God is complex. Perhaps we think the more a being knows, the more complex it is; God, being omniscient, would then be highly complex. Given materialism and the idea that the ultimate objects in our universe are the elementary particles of physics, perhaps a being that knew a great deal would be improbable – how could those particles get arranged in such a way as to constitute a being with all that knowledge? Of course we aren’t given materialism.
In other words, Plantinga concludes that this argument, to be valid, would require materialism to be true; but, as materialism is not compatible with traditional theology, the argument begs the question by requiring its premise to assume God’s non-existence.
In an extensive analysis published in Science and Christian Belief, Patrick Richmond suggests that “Dawkins is right to object to unexplained organised complexity in God” but that God is simply specified and lacks the sort of composition and limitations found in [physical] creatures; hence the theist can explain why nature exists without granting unexplained organised complexity or the extreme improbability of God.
Some respondents, such as Stephen Law, have suggested that God is or would indeed be complex if responsible for creating and sustaining the universe; God’s omniscience would require the retention of and ability to use all knowledge. Concepts such as Kolmogorov complexity have also been used to argue that God is or would need to be complex.
Necessity of external explanations
There are many variations on how to express this objection. William F. Vallicella holds that organized complexity as such does not need explanation, because when in search of an ultimate explanation, one must in the end accept an entity whose complexity has no external explanation. Dawkins has stated that we should search for simple beginnings for explanations, like in evolution which moves from simple to complex, and so what we ultimately accept with no external explanation must be simple for it to be a good explanation. And Plantinga writes that when not in search for an ultimate explanation of organized complexity, it is perfectly fine to explain one kind of complexity, that of terrestrial life, in terms of another kind of complexity, namely divine activity. Dawkins addresses this point in his debate with John Lennox over The God Delusion, saying that it would be perfectly reasonable to infer from artifacts on earth or another planet that an intelligence existed, but that you would still need to explain that intelligence, which evolution does, while for God’s existence there is no such explanation.
Alister McGrath suggests that the leap from the recognition of complexity to the assertion of improbability is problematic, as a theory of everything would be more complex than the theories it would replace, yet one would not conclude that it is less probable. Dawkins has responded to this point in his debate with Lennox and at other times, saying that while physics is hard to understand, fundamentally, unlike biology, it is simple. McGrath then argues that probability is not relevant to the question of existence: life on earth is highly improbable and yet we exist. The important question in his view is not whether God is probable, but whether God is actual. In interviewing McGrath for The Root of All Evil, Dawkins responds that the existence of life on Earth is indeed highly improbable, but this is exactly why a theory such as evolution is required to explain that improbability. In the case of God, Dawkins says, there is no such satisfactory explanation.
On the point of probability, Alvin Plantinga claims that if God is a necessary being, as argued by classical theism, God is, by definition, maximally probable; thus an argument that there is no necessary being with the qualities attributed to God is required to demonstrate God’s improbability. Eric MacDonald has pointed out that theists assume the coherence of their position when they make arguments for God when, by Plantinga’s standards, they would have to present an argument that the concept of God is not logically incoherent before discussing other arguments. Plantinga’s objection would seem to apply to all atheist arguments that contend that God is improbable, such as evidential arguments about the problem of evil and the argument from nonbelief. But the reason why theists and atheists do not usually address this prior to making their arguments is because they want to go beyond merely discussing whether God is maximally probable or impossible.
Dawkins’s response to criticism in The God Delusion
Dawkins writes about his attendance at a conference in Cambridge sponsored by the Templeton Foundation, where he challenged the theologians present to respond to the argument that a creator of a complex universe would have to be complex and improbable. He reports the strongest response as the claim he was imposing a scientific epistemology on a question that lies beyond the realm of science. When theologians hold God to be simple, who is a scientist like Dawkins “to dictate to theologians that their God had to be complex?” Dawkins writes that he did not feel that those employing this “evasive” defence were being “wilfully dishonest”, but that they were “defining themselves into an epistemological safe-zone where rational argument could not reach them because they had declared by fiat that it could not.”
Theologians, Dawkins writes, demand that there be a first cause named “God”. Dawkins responds that it must have been a simple cause and contends that unless “God” is divested of its normal associations, it is not an appropriate name. Postulating a prime mover that is capable of indulging in intelligent design is, in Dawkins’s opinion, “a total abdication of the responsibility to find an explanation”; instead, he seeks a “self-bootstrapping crane” that can “lift” the universe into more complex states. This, he states, does not necessitate a scientific explanation, but does require a “crane” rather than a “skyhook” (ibid.) if it is to account for the complexity of the natural world.
FAQ on the Existence of God
Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | <urn:uuid:f2b53b3c-7a41-4de8-af8c-7854a25d13a7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://slife.org/ultimate-boeing-747-gambit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.953481 | 3,257 | 2.265625 | 2 |
The school holidays are upon you and nothing is organized for the kids!
The Kraftworks for Kids program was developed for kids who are too old for child-minding but too young to be left home alone. Creative kids, for whom sport isn't necessarily their number one activity. Kids who prefer working and playing in small groups rather than large ones. We selected five activities that are easy enough to learn the basics but are also complicated enough to be enjoyed throughout a lifetime. We then developed a program around each activity so that we had Beginners, Intermediate, and Advanced lessons in each of those activities.
We ensure that each Leader in our program is responsible for at most five kids. This ensures that every child receives the attention they need to learn and develop their skills. It also helps them to get to know their Leader and the other handful of children working in the group.
We take a break from our activities during morning tea, lunch, and afternoon tea. During these breaks we play boardgames. The Leader is there to explain the rules when necessary and there's not much in life that is more satisfying for a child than beating an adult at a game. Boardgames are more fun than computer games! | <urn:uuid:a90117f6-0db6-4715-bf1a-434772e9bf34> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kraftworks.com.au/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.982789 | 243 | 2.03125 | 2 |
This is the most difficult day in the Christian liturgical calendar. We are asked to stop and bear witness to the suffering figure on the Cross. Bloody and pierced, Jesus hangs with onlookers staring in grief and fascination. Our gut wants us to look away, even if we can't stop staring. Our hearts want us to move as fast as possible to the hope reborn on Easter. But the discipline of this day, is not to move past it -- not to let it go as quickly as we can. It's to allow it to seep into our hearts -- to face the reality of the death before us. Redemption in the story comes later -- but this day marks not hope, but clarity. Not relief, but purpose.
What is this death? The Cross returns to us again and again in our lives. When we bear witness to the child or the teen shot dead because of the wrong time, or the wrong place, or the wrong color, or the wrong class. The Cross is there when society looks on in fascination or horror and stands paralyzed to act -- only enabling the crime to occur again and again. There is no hope when we see this -- but we can pray for purpose.
The Cross returns to us with our culture of shame -- our culture of rape. Women being blamed for the very crime that was done to them. Voices that seek to silence her worth to save the faces of other men who's lives might change because of their crime. There is no hope when we hear the propaganda, but we can find clarity.
The story of the Cross is not a myth to ease our fears of the afterlife. It is not solely a tale of someone making a sacrifice for our good -- or our ease -- for our comfort. The trial of the Cross is an indictment to each of us. Horrors happen in this world. The lynching trees of our history and our present can't go away by just wishing them so. We must first face them. We must first accept that they are here -- in our lives -- in our neighborhoods. There is a cross that hangs on the corner of the street -- on so many streets.
Inertia. Apathy. Numbness. They can plague us sometimes. With the barrage of so many stories of grief, of loss -- we can succumb to hopelessness. We can ignore them all, by throwing up our hands, and saying, "Not one more thing. Not me. I can't fix it all. So I won't begin anywhere." That's the warning of the cross. You won't be able to fix it all. ... That's the truth. The Christian message doesn't say we can fix it all. It says we have to act where we can. It says -- "On this day -- Don't look away. You need to see this. There is something that can be done for the person before you. For the Cross on this street corner." You can choose to be the soldiers dicing over the garments of the man on the Cross, or you can be the onlookers gaping in mute horror, or you can be the women at his feet who care for the body and quietly resolve to change the world as best they can -- to live their life in memory of a man killed by worldly powers and worldly privilege.
This is why we commemorate the life and death of Jesus this day. There are some things worth living for; there are some things worth dying for; and there are some things worth remembering. | <urn:uuid:906f4297-83c4-4043-8109-fd15ea425a89> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-meaning-of-good-frida_b_5167083 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.964209 | 709 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Efforts to enact a federal menthol ban have stalled for years even as traction grew in major cities and amid Democratic lawmakers to bar the cigarettes, which — after decades of targeted marketing by industry — are disproportionately popular among Black Americans.
Opponents of a ban argue that it will translate to more over policing of Black communities. Supporters — including most, but not all, of the Congressional Black Caucus — say that industry’s intentional advertising and outreach towards Black Americans resulted in millions of tobacco-related deaths.
The Washington Post first reported details of the impending response. FDA declined to comment.
Biden has pledged to address racial inequities in both criminal justice and health care, setting up for what could be an intense balancing act with critics arguing that a ban could increase police brutality and Black incarceration.
Anti-tobacco advocates are counting on the court order and heightened pressure around Black health inequities to trump what are sure to be legal battles with the tobacco industry. But there is also some concern that the president still has not nominated a permanent chief for FDA.
“It would certainly be better to have a permanent commissioner and would certainly be better not to have a person in the job who was not worried about possibly being appointed or not, and facing a confirmation or not,” said Matt Myers, president of the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. “My suspicion is that if there was not a court deadline, this would not be front and center at this moment.”
Previous FDA commissioners who have taken on tobacco issues have earned industry ire and sometimes GOP backlash. In 2018, Trump appointee Scott Gottlieb released plans to ban menthol after introducing a framework a year earlier that would have capped nicotine levels across tobacco products. His actions led Sen. Richard Burr, a Republican from tobacco state North Carolina, to slam Gottlieb on the Senate floor and question his loyalty to Trump.
But some Democrats are also wary of a menthol ban, arguing that it would lead to escalated police encounters in already over-policed Black communities. New York Rep. Yvette Clarke, who voted against a menthol ban that passed the House last year, told POLITICO at the time that she was thinking of harmful stop-and-frisk policies and the death of Eric Garner, who suffocated in a police headlock while detained for illicitly selling cigarettes.
Supporters of barring menthol products say that a federal ban would focus on retailers selling products and would not criminalize personal use or possession. But critics say that it could be inevitable as a black market grows for illegal cigarettes.
“We’re seeing time and time again in police encounters for really minor offenses that these encounters will escalate into violence and killings of people of color,” said Aamra Ahmad, senior policy counsel at the American Civil Liberties Union. The justice organization and roughly two-dozen other groups including police organizations and Drug Policy Alliance sent a letter to FDA this week outlining criminal justice concerns.
More than 85 percent of Black smokers report using menthol products, as do more than half of all youth who smoke, according to government data. While overall smoking has trended downwards in recent years, menthol declines has dragged behind other products.
“I understand the concerns of lawmakers, but I also think when we’re talking about saving people’s lives, it becomes an even bigger issue we’re talking about preventing the next generation of Black and brown smokers,” said Nia Heard-Garris, a Chicago-area pediatrician and chair of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Minority Health, Equity and Inclusion.
Tobacco companies have historically targeted Black communities through music festival sponsorships, free samples and ads in Black-focused magazines such as Jet and Ebony. While those types of advertising have since been barred, there are still more tobacco retailers in predominantly Black communities compared to white communities and sometimes lower prices.
Heard-Garris described issues at her practice with children picking up menthol use after seeing family members and “cool” kids using certain brands. “When we’re talking about this as a pediatric disease we’re specifically talking about Black and brown kids. Among like Black children 12 to 17 that have ever used a tobacco product about 72 percent use menthol,” she said. | <urn:uuid:1a7d574d-5942-4fb7-9f12-6679b2ba65d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://political-new.com/2021/04/28/fda-readies-plan-to-bar-menthol-cigarettes-nationwide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.959748 | 886 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Moral Strength and Frailty in the Face of ‘Groupthink’
Thirty-five years ago, on January 28, 1986, Americans mourned the death of seven astronauts on the space shuttle Challenger, after the spacecraft exploded barely a minute after take-off.
Spectators were horrified as white gas erupted from the Challenger’s external tank and the spaceship disappeared in gigantic plumes of smoke and flames. Images of the terrifying Y-shaped explosion dominated the news for days to come. People accustomed to regarding NASA as invincible masters of the space age could not come to terms with the catastrophe.
The tragedy was initially characterized as an “inexplicable accident” caused by an unknown mechanical malfunction. But in the months that followed, the ugly truth began to seep out.
Investigators began to uncover a culture of complacency and arrogance at NASA and its top contractor, Thiokol Inc., that disregarded advice from their own engineers regarding critical safety issues.
It turned out that the night before the launch, five or more engineers had vigorously argued against the Jan. 28 launch, citing deficiencies in a critical component called “O-rings” that if not fixed ahead of the launch could cause disaster.
One of the engineers, Robert Ebeling, described the scenario to an NPR correspondent. According to the article, “Despondent and in tears, he recounted how he and his colleagues reviewed hours of data review and arguments with the heads of Thiokol.”
The data, Ebeling said, showed that the rubber O-ring on the shuttle’s booster rockets would not seal properly in cold temperatures. In the subfreezing temperatures expected the following day, the risk of the O-rings not sufficiently expanding to prevent gas leakage was overwhelming.
There had already been indications of gas leakage—called “blowby” – on earlier shuttle flights. This issue, compounded with freezing temperatures the day of the launch, ramped up the engineers’ alarm.
Armed with the data that supported their concerns, engineers Roger Boisjoly, Ebeling and some of their colleagues argued fiercely for a delay, or postponement. At first, Thiokol managers agreed with them and formally recommended a launch delay. But NASA officials challenged that recommendation, according to the NPR report.
“I am appalled,” NASA’s George Hardy reportedly said when he heard the engineers had advocated postponing the launch due to weather conditions. “I am appalled by your recommendation.”
Another shuttle program manager, Lawrence Mulloy, who later claimed he brought all information about safety issues to senior management, reportedly expressed extreme annoyance at the notion of canceling the launch.
“For Heavens’ sake, when do you want me to launch — next April?” he demanded.
‘It’s Gonna Blow up’
In the end, decision-makers at NASA and Thiokol overruled the engineers and made the fateful decision to proceed on schedule.
Two Thiokol engineers, Robert Ebering and Roger Boisjoly, admitted in separate interviews with NPR that under pressure from NASA, they had been intimidated into silence. Swallowing their reservations, they ceased their opposition.
That night, Ebering said he shared his misgivings with his wife about Challenger lifting off in cold weather. “It’s gonna blow up,” he intoned helplessly.
Praying he was wrong, he joined Boisjoly and other colleagues in the morning, in a conference room at Thiokol’s headquarters outside Brigham City, Utah. When Challenger blasted off, tremulous sighs filled the room. “We felt we had dodged a bullet,” he said.
But their relief was premature. Seconds later they watched in horror and anguish as the spacecraft exploded on a giant television screen. They knew exactly what had happened.
Both men continued to be haunted by their inaction for the rest of their lives, testified family members.
“I should have done more,” lamented Eberling in a remarkable follow-up interview with the same NPR journalist thirty years later. By then in his late sixties and long retired, Ebeling said he lived with deep remorse.
During years of mentally replaying the sequence of events that preceded the disaster, he found himself musing over endless what-ifs… What if he had pleaded his case more effectively to his superiors? Or if he had possessed the courage to go over their heads to a higher authority who might take his words more seriously?
What if he had actually approached the astronauts themselves with his premonitions of disaster?
None of that might have changed the outcome and he almost certainly would have lost his job, but towards the end of Ebeling’s life (he died in 2016), being fired seemed preferable to the wrenching pain of having blood on his hands.
“G-d picked me for the job,” he said softly to the NPR reporter… “I’ve asked Him many times, ‘Why me? You picked a loser. I didn’t do enough. I could have done more.’ “
Presidential Commission Unravels the Disaster
As NASA showed no inclination to share information about the tragedy with a grieving public, then President Ronald Reagan empanelled a team of federal investigators, the so-called Rogers Commission, to identify the cause of the disaster.
The Commission scrutinized close-up, slow-motion videos of the explosion hundreds of times. They interviewed scores of officials from NASA headquarters, from Morton Thiokol Inc., the Utah-based contractor that manufactured the rocket launchers, and from Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama. They spoke to engineers and technicians.
They delivered their report to President Reagan in June 1986, six months after the tragedy. The panel flagged the ill-fitting rubber “O-rings” that failed to seal the sections between the rocket boosters as the cause of the tragedy, exactly as the engineer team had feared.
The report detailed how the defective seals allowed pressurized, blazing hot liquid-hydrogen propellant to escape from one tank, burst into flame and rupture the second tank containing liquid-oxygen. The mixture of the gases triggered a spectacular explosion, causing Challenger that was hurtling into space at 2000 miles an hour to instantly disintegrate.
Trapped in their insulated chamber which had ripped apart from the rest of the shuttle, the astronauts, some of whom were still alive, were hurled downward into the ocean with an enormously violent impact. A high-powered search over many days, covering hundreds of miles, eventually retrieved from the ocean floor parts of the shuttle wreckage and the astronauts’ remains still within the crew cabin.
The Rogers Commission held all three NASA-related power centers—NASA Headquarters, Morton Thiokol Inc. and Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama—fundamentally responsible for the failure to fix the faulty booster rockets prior to the flight.
The panel found that Thiokol Inc. had designed a faulty rocket joint with flawed O-rings, had taken no appropriate action to fix it and had ignored pleas by engineers in the late 1970’s that the joint be redesigned.
The report sharply rebuked managers at Marshall who ‘’all but covered up’’ a nine-year history of problems with O-rings according to a Chicago Tribune article. Marshall manager Lawrence Mulloy, had asserted that he had told ‘’everyone’’ about the concerns but the Commission found that the opposite was true.
The report, which was released to the public, chronicled a long-running record of refusals to recognize the seriousness of known problems with the booster rockets. On top of this, systemic failures to pass vital safety information from engineers to the key decision-makers at the top, almost guaranteed tragedy.
In the immediate aftermath of the disaster, dozens of top-tier NASA, Thiokol and Marshall officers resigned or went into early retirement. As the Rogers Commission had stopped short of calling for a criminal investigation into the tragedy, nobody was prosecuted for the deaths of the astronauts.
A civil lawsuit filed by the family of one of the survivors was dismissed by a judge who asserted the astronaut “had died in the line of duty” and that assigning blame to the space flight agencies was “not supported” by the evidence.
A scathing Harvard Crimson editorial mirrored public sentiment when it slammed what it deemed excessive leniency in the face of apparent criminal neglect in the Challenger fiasco.
“So how is Morton-Thiokol paying for its miscues? With a whopping fee? With the termination of its NASA contract? With national disgrace?” demanded the editorial.
“None of the above. Officials at the Marshall Space Center recently announced that the maximum “fee reduction” which Morton-Thiokol would receive as a penalty is $10 million. It’s not nearly severe enough to even be called a slap on the wrist. Worse, NASA officials are considering bestowing a $75 million “incentive award” on the very same company.”
“That’s absurd,” the editorial went on. “Morton-Thiokol bears a large portion of the blame for the Challenger disaster. At the very least, it should pay dearly for its miscalculations.
“Perhaps a nine-digit fine would convince Morton-Thiokol and other contractors to temper their worship of divine profit with some common sense,” the editorial concluded.
NASA Needed A Win
By Jan. 28, 1986, the Challenger mission had already been delayed for half a year. The publicity goals in avoiding another delay overrode all other considerations.
The space shuttle was seen as the vehicle to enabling NASA to actualize its goal of turning spaceflight into something parallel to air travel. The agency boasted of plans to open up the space program for human exploration by ordinary Americans, not just a cadre of elite scientists and astronauts.
The plan was to refurbish shuttle spacecraft between missions to keep the overall cost down, while increasing the frequency of missions. But five years after the inaugural launch, the program averaged just five missions a year. NASA was forced to acknowledge that its promises had exceeded its ability to deliver.
At this point in time, space travel had lost much of its allure to Americans. Televised coverage of new flights had diminished with the corresponding waning of public interest. NASA attempted to reignite excitement with various marketing techniques, such as making their astronaut corps multi-ethnic and including women.
In the latest endeavor to capture the imaginations of average Americans, they had included a teacher, Christa McAuliffe, who would broadcast a school lesson live from orbit, on her fourth day in space.
According to this plan, a Tuesday, Jan. 28 launch meant a Friday broadcast but a Wednesday launch corresponded to a Saturday broadcast, with no school audience in attendance.
NASA was deeply invested in the publicity of the teacher’s broadcast; it was an integral part of the mission’s public relations goals that could not be waived.
Another factor driving NASA to insist on Challenger launching on schedule may have concerned President Ronald Reagan’s upcoming State of the Union Address. Some say the president was expected to tout Challenger’s mission, and perhaps mention “McAuliffe, the Teacher in Space.”
Delaying the launch meant NASA would possibly miss out on a big public relations coup—unthinkable to the pragmatic minds running the agency.
As emerged from the investigation, thoughts of delaying the launch were never seriously entertained by top management. NASA enjoyed a sense of infallibility based on a string of past triumphs. That bred a complacency that encouraged higher ups to view warnings about the potentially malfunctioning O-rings as an acceptable safety risk.
After all, hadn’t NASA demonstrated time and again its mastery over technology?
In a shocking reversal, Challenger showed that technology can easily turn against its creator.
Although it grounded all space flights for just two years while supposedly instituting sweeping changes in its command structure, communications and safety systems, NASA never recovered its former glory and authority.
Billionaire Entrepreneurs Seek Niche in Space Travel
Challenger forever changed the public’s relationship with spaceflight and tax-funded NASA.
More than three decades after the loss of the billion-dollar shuttle, the human hunger for ever more territory to conquer is driving billionaire entrepreneurs to create their own niche in “affordable” spaceflight, shifting dependence away from government efforts.
Regardless of how farfetched and even warped these visions are, those backing them are determined to convince Americans that they should jump aboard this new “wave of the future.”
NASA, not to be overshadowed by competitors, is developing a new generation of spacecraft and rockets with the declared goal of sending humans to other planets, and sending scores of newer and better satellites into space for earth observation and climate studies.
Are Americans interested in this space mania?
A new poll suggests that the notion of sending people to the Moon or on to Mars is out of step with the views of most Americans. A survey by the AP-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research suggests only about one-in-four Americans believe sending humans to the Moon or Mars is “very” or “extremely” important, reports Public Affairs and Media Research.
By contrast, 59 percent of respondents found scientific research on Earth, the Solar System, and the universe to be very or extremely important for NASA.
While Americans may like the idea of a space program and might be intrigued by robotic probes landing on Mars, most are not interesting in sacrificing to pay for it. What returns can they expect from their investment, as a country, in deep space exploration?
During the last 15 years, NASA has been engaged in building the “capabilities” for a deep-space exploration program with the Orion spacecraft and two large rockets, the Ares V and then the Space Launch System.
This has cost a staggering $50 billion, much of it borne by the taxpayer. And for what? How many people need or want these futuristic vehicles? None of them are ready for human spaceflight nor will they be in the immediate future. Ultimately, how many people will ever bring themselves to use them to fly into deep space?
If we can learn anything from the ill-fated Challenger flight it is that spaceflight, no matter how cutting edge and state-of-the-art, is only as safe as the degree to which one can trust authorities at NASA or whatever private company is running the show.
Groupthink: New Name for an Old Malady
The Challenger tragedy is one of the most studied disasters in history.
When University of Yale research psychologist Irving Janis coined the term “groupthink” in 1972, he identified key symptoms of a social dynamic that discourages independent thinking or individual responsibility in reaching a decision, using the Challenger disaster as a paradigm.
Janis singled out key features of groupthink: illusions of invulnerability; collective rationalization; direct pressure on dissenters; projecting an impression of total unanimity; and instilling fear of being ostracized.
Challenger fit this pattern, he asserted. NASA managers perpetuated the fiction that everyone was fully in accord on the launch recommendation, although this was wholly false.
Both entities promoted the illusion of infallibility. Thiokol rejected the notion there could be something fundamentally wrong with the design of their rocket booster. NASA did not want to hear of another launch postponement, afraid it would signal weakness and ineptitude to Congress, who provided only year-to-year funding.
Neither organization tolerated dissenting voices and tried to intimidate subordinates into silence.
Despite warnings not to go outside the company with his critique, Thiokol engineer Roger Boisjoly laudably rejected groupthink; he sought out the Rogers Commission and shared his insights into the disaster. This included a memorandum dated six months before Challenger’s launch in which he had warned of catastrophe if the rocket boosters and O-rings were not fixed.
The independent-minded Boisjoly was subsequently ostracized by his superiors and co-workers, and left Thiokol, never to work again in aerodynamics. Although he spent the rest of his life encouraging ethics in science, he never got over his sorrow for a disaster that could have been avoided, and for which he blamed himself in his memoirs.
True, he was a whistleblower and it took courage to be one, but he blew the whistle too late, he said. After the unthinkable already happened.
Groupthink is as old as human history; it’s a sophisticated term for an ancient ailment, a feature of all totalitarian societies that is all too prevalent even in western democracies. The dynamic can be said to dominate wherever dissenting ideas are punished, silenced or suppressed—a phenomenon increasingly prevalent in our own society.
Challenger taught America not only about faulty O-rings and the devastating consequences of choosing glory over conscience. It highlighted the danger of groupthink that induced moral frailty even in honest, ethical-minded individuals.
It constrained good people from vocally protesting a move they knew would take the lives of seven innocent people who trusted they were being taken care of.
Admittedly, anyone breaking ranks with the majority opinion at NASA or Thorikol and trying to deliver a message at that hour which opposed higher authorities, would have been dismissed as a nut.
Today, far more than seven lives are at stake as millions are felled by a virus that experts believe can be wiped out by safe, cheap and available medicines, but are blocked from delivering this life-saving message.
Not surprisingly, these dissenters, too, are mocked and maligned by those in authority as liars, quacks and nutcases.
As a wise person observed, Plus ca change, plus c’est la meme chose. The more things change, the more they stay the same. | <urn:uuid:b6e865c1-a5ba-4671-a0f2-de9d6cfb3642> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://yated.com/lessons-from-the-challenger-space-shuttle-disaster/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.964915 | 3,775 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Minnesotans Are Less Sleep Deprived When Compared To The Rest Of The Country
Sleep is just as important to a person's health as eating right, exercising, and fostering mental and social well-being.
According to the latest study from RetailMeNot, poor sleep can actually undermine other aspects of a healthy lifestyle.
The science on sleep is clear: sleep deprivation is associated with a variety of other health concerns, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity, and depression. Further, the relationship between sleep and these conditions is often cyclical: people find it harder to sleep because of health issues, and health issues can be more difficult to manage when sleep is insufficient. On top of that, poor sleep also leads to car crashes, industrial errors, and other accidents that can cause serious injury.
According to the study, In Minnesota, 29.7% of adults are sleep deprived compared to 36.2% of American adults.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that 70 million Americans experience insufficient sleep, defined as seven hours or less each night. In 2013, the CDC declared that this level of sleeplessness constituted a public health epidemic.
So why are adults struggling to get a good night's sleep? The CDC says there are many reasons that this could be possible including long commutes and long working hours, and spending time in front of bright screens can disrupt the body's natrual circadian rhythms.
The study found that 29.7% of Minnesotans sleep less than 7 hours per night. Here is the summary of data from Minnesota:
Percentage of adults that sleep less than 7 hours per night: 29.7%
Percentage of adults reporting poor physical health: 9.7%
Percentage of adults reporting poor mental health: 11.3%
Poverty rate: 9.0%
Compared to the entire United States:
Percentage of adults that sleep less than 7 hours per night: 36.2%
Percentage of adults reporting poor physical health: 11.8%
Percentage of adults reporting poor mental health: 12.9%
Poverty rate: 12.3%
You can read up on the whole study here.
KEEP READING: What were the most popular baby names from the past 100 years? | <urn:uuid:f017f666-8593-49bf-a022-d53ec7701a6b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://krforadio.com/minnesotans-are-less-sleep-deprived-when-compared-to-the-rest-of-the-country/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.946086 | 469 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Do you know what we have in common with our early American forebears?
As Benjamin Franklin stated in 1789, “nothing is certain but death and taxes.” Given the certainty of taxes it seems important that we understand how the United States’ fiscal system developed.
Today, we explore the development of the early American fiscal system with Max Edling, Professor of History at King’s College, London and author of A Hercules in the Cradle: War, Money, and the American State, 1783-1867.
About the Show
Ben Franklin’s World is a podcast about early American history.
It is a show for people who love history and for those who want to know more about the historical people and events that have impacted and shaped our present-day world.
Each episode features a conversation with a historian who helps us shed light on important people and events in early American history.
In this episode, we explore the development of the United States’ fiscal system with Max Edling, Professor of History at King’s College, London and author of A Hercules in the Cradle: War, Money, and the American State, 1783-1867.
During our conversation, Max reveals: The fiscal powers of both the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution of 1787; The types of taxes early Americans paid and how they paid them; And, the evolution of the United States’ fiscal system and how it financed war and territorial expansion.
What You’ll Discover
How Max, a native of Sweden, came to his interest in early American history
- How and when the United States acquired the means to finance war and territorial expansion
- The Articles of Confederation and its problems with requisitioning money from the states
- The Constitution of 1787 and its taxation powers
- Alexander Hamilton’s role in establishing the fiscal system of the federal government
- Direct vs. Indirect taxation
- Early American taxations practices
- Hamilton’s debt assumption plan
- Albert Gallatin
- Democratic-Republican contributions to early United States fiscal policy
- How the United States financed the War of 1812
- The Mexican-American War, 1846-1848
- How the United States used lessons from the War of 1812 to finance the Mexican-American War
Links to People, Places, and Publications
- Max Edling
- Max’s King’s College webpage
- A Hercules in the Cradle: War, Money, and the American State, 1783-1867
- A Revolution in Favor of Government: Origins of the U.S. Constitution and the Making of the American State
What might have happened to the United States’ economy and its growth if France had not had its revolution?
Questions, Comments, Suggestions
Do you have a question, comment, or suggestion?
Enjoy the Podcast?
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Ratings & Reviews
If you enjoy this podcast, please give it a rating and review.
Positive ratings and reviews help bring Ben Franklin's World to the attention of other history lovers who may not be aware of our show | <urn:uuid:ae53f4ff-80ab-4ec3-837a-b262e1d14bcc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://benfranklinsworld.com/episode-057-max-edling-war-money-and-the-american-state-1783-1867/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.927185 | 661 | 3.40625 | 3 |
HISTORY OF THE JEW'S HARP
compiled by Bill & Janet Gohring Corrections added by Dr. Fredrick Crane
The Jew's Harp is a small musical instrument which is held against the teeth or lips, and plucked with the fingers.
Its appearance in many cultures of the world, and ancient roots, attest to the magical essence of this simple instrument.
Very little early history is available.
The Jew's harp is known world-wide by many different names, depending on the country of origin.
Some examples are:
England - Gewgaw
Germany - Maultrommel (which means mouth drum)
Japan - Koukin
Russia - Vargan
Siberia - Khomus
Philippines - Kumbing and kubing
Italy - Scacciapensieri
Norway - munnharpa or munnharpe
France - guimbarde
Bali - genggong
Jew's Harp (Jews' Harp); juice harp. For over 400 years the instrument ... has been connected in English with the Jew's ... Whether any derogation was originally intended is not known but it is apparently believed that some might now be felt, for the instrument is invariably referred to in radio and television programs as a juice harp. Considering the drooling that often accompanies amateur performances on the thing, this is a fairly ingenious emendation, and considering the fact that it is only on radio and television programs that children hear of the instrument at all any more, the new name is probably better established among the young than the old name, and one more word has undergone one more preposterous change.
Frederick Crane (in VIM #1) says, "To summarize, six words have been discussed as the original form from which the Jew's of Jew's Harp was corrupted: jaw's, jeu, jeugd, gewgaw, giga, gawe. The frequency and dogmatism with which the various etymons have been asserted vary from very great to very little."
For a full story on the etymology of the name Jew's harp, see VIM #1 (Frederick Crane, Editor, address below) for a blow-by-blow account written by Dr. Crane himself.
Gordon Frazier, editor of PLUCK (a newsletter for Jew's harpist -- address
below) says in PLUCK #3:
"In brief: The earliest known written citation of Jew's harp in 1595, in England. Prior to that it was called Jew's trump (earliest spelling: jewes trump). Before that it was known as trump in Scotland and northern England; the origin of the "jewes" preceder is obscure. However, there is no indication that the origin was connected with Judaism or the Jewish people. It probably came from some other word -- one possibility is the Old English word gewgaw - and was then, many years later, "fixed," resulting in the current form.
Jaw harp is a 20th century creation. It was first suggested as an origin of Jew's harp as pure conjecture - there is no evidence of that name ever being used in common parlance before then. From that point, several different music historians indulged in sloppier and sloppier research, until jaw harp as an origin progressed from baseless conjecture to absolute "truth".
Jaw harp, then, is not an invented term intended to be politically correct, but is rather a misnomer brought to life by bad scholarship. In its favor, jaw harp is a misnomer of a misnomer - a quirky name for a somewhat quirky instrument.
An informal survey of Jewish friends over the years has yielded mixed reactions to the "Jew's harp". Almost all found it inoffensive, or were puzzled that the question had even been raised; however, the few who did find it offensive objected to it rather strongly.
One said he thought it sounded like a slur invented by Christians, Big Christian harp, little Jew's harp. This is an imaginative yet unfounded theory, but given the abuse that Jews have suffered throughout history, it is an understandable one.
An important fact to consider is that the name Jew's harp in not considered a slur only because of the historic persecution of Jew's. It is also because of the negative image the instrument has endured in the United States. (If, say, French toast were used only for hog feed here, the French might well be insulted by the term).
And even though aficionados of the Jew's harp are aware that in most of the world - perhaps even most especially in Europe -- the instrument has been revered, not reviled, the fact remains that perceptions can be as important as fact. A perceived slur can hurt as much as an intended one.
English is a fluid, flexible, and capricious language. Whether Jew's harp, trump, jaw harp, or something else enters popular usage cannot really be dictated. Even if it could, changing language in the name of "correctness" seems a bit Orwellian.
PLUCK will continue to use Jew's harp, as it is still the most common term in use, but when referring to a player of the instrument will use "jawharpist." We will also use whatever name the maker of a particular instrument uses, and use a player's choice in name as well.
The way to combat the perception of the name "Jew's harp" as a slur is not to try to change the language, but to improve the image of the instrument.
We can do that by treating the Jew's harp as a legitimate musical instrument and encouraging others to do the same." Frederick Crane suggests (in VIM #4) changing the name to TRUMP. He says, "If I fancied that I could influence the English vocabulary, I would propose that we return to the Middle Ages, and make a fresh start by calling the instrument trump once more. The word has much to recommend it. It is the oldest known name of the instrument in English, and has an unbroken tradition to the 20th century in Scotland, at least. It is a cousin of the oldest terms in the languages of Europe, such as French trompe, German Trumpel, and Slavic drumla. It isn't likely to be confused with the names of any other instruments, though it does resemble trumpet. And it has a nice, folksy quality to it, quite perfect for the instrument." (See VIM #4 for a complete discussion on this.)
Throughout Europe, Asia and the Pacific, except Australia, no pre-Columbian traces have been discovered in the Americas. Until introduced as a trade item by Europeans, none were found on the African continent. It is found everywhere in Russia. Bamboo and wooden lamellate types are found in the Pacific, SE Asia and in China except in Northern China (where the classical form of the Jew's Harp was an iron idioglot lamellate type). Through European colonization, the bow-shaped metal Jew's Harp was introduced into the Americas, Africa and Australia mainly by the Dutch and English for North America. In Siberia and Mongolia, the Jew's Harp was used to both induce trance and to heal the sick. Dr. Franz Anton Mesmer is said to have used the Jew's Harp therapeutically in psychotherapy. | <urn:uuid:7bdd10a1-a079-4117-aeef-afb0c6e146a9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.jewsharpguild.org/history.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.965679 | 1,553 | 3.671875 | 4 |
2021-2022 National Library of Scotland Digital Scholarship Fellow
Dr Rosa Filgueira is an Assistant Professor with the School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences at Heriot-Watt University.
Her research background includes high-performance computing, data streaming, data-intensive computing, and large-scale distributed systems.
Rosa has experience handling and mining large digital textual collections. She has worked on several digital humanities and data science projects, co-developing and co-designing text-mining applications at scale.
AI toolbox project
This project will explore new ways to unlock the full value of the National Library of Scotland's Data Foundry collections by building a new AI toolbox called 'frances' and a web user interface that allows researchers to interact with it.
It would help historians (and other users) to extract complex knowledge from digital collections in a fast and transparent manner without having to be an expert data scientist. The toolbox is named after Frances Wright (September 6, 1795 – December 13, 1852), a Scottish-born lecturer, writer, feminist, abolitionist and social reformer.
'frances' will include a set of complex text-mining queries (ready to use), and run them automatically and at scale in the background. These queries will employ the best-in-class machine learning / natural language processing algorithms, such as topic mining, sentiment analysis or text summarisation, along with the most suitable visualisation graphs for those results.
Through a visual, guided process, users will be able to:
- Select the appropriate digital Data Foundry collection(s),
- Select the analysis to be run (via text mining queries) and its configuration,
- Submit the analysis to be performed to the backend system,
- Visualise results automatically (text and graphics),
- Export and download results for further exploration.
frances will use Encyclopaedia Britannica as the core dataset and generate a practical guide for running analyses, and how to work with this, and / or any other, Data Foundry digital collection.
2020-2021 National Library of Scotland Digital Scholarship Fellow
Dr Giles Bergel is a digital humanist, based in the Department of Engineering Science at the University of Oxford.
He has a long-standing interest in the digitisation of cheap print, and is the editor of an edition of broadside and chapbook versions of the English ballad 'The Wandering Jew's Chronicle'.
His other interests include bibliography, typography and book design; and the histories of copyright and the British book trades.
Chapbook dataset project
Giles's project involves computational analysis of the Library's 'Chapbooks printed in Scotland' dataset.
This dataset contains images, text and catalogue records of more than 3000 of the Library's collection of chapbooks printed between around 1700 and 1899. It was produced and made available through the Library's Data Foundry.
The fellowship project intends to study the illustrations within the dataset assisted by visual artificial intelligence.
Using a technique enabling features of similar images to be extracted and matched, the project plans to use the illustrations to learn more about chapbooks' origins.
It aims to uncover the type and range of imagery available to chapbook readers and to explore relationships between chapbook producers, distributors and audiences.
For more information about Giles's project, visit the Data Foundry Fellowship page. | <urn:uuid:cba14f4c-09d7-41b8-bfb8-23495f3d41a7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nls.uk/using-the-library/academic-research/fellowships/digital-scholarship/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.905808 | 693 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Synthetic intelligence (AI) is arguably probably the most thrilling discipline in robotics. 364 He argues that “any sufficiently advanced benevolence may be indistinguishable from malevolence.” People shouldn’t assume machines or robots would deal with us favorably because there isn’t any a priori cause to believe that they’d be sympathetic to our system of morality, which has evolved along with our explicit biology (which AIs wouldn’t share).
As the know-how advances, we might want to develop rigorous scientific testing that ensures secure, reliable and secure AI. We also must develop a broad spectrum of standards for AI knowledge, performance, interoperability, usability, safety and privacy.
Philosophically, the principle AI question is “Can there be such?” or, as Alan Turing put it, “Can a machine assume?” What makes this a philosophical and not just a scientific and technical query is the scientific recalcitrance of the concept of intelligence or thought and its moral, religious, and legal significance.
In 1959, Arthur Samuel defined ML as “the flexibility to learn with out being explicitly programmed.” And he went on to create a computer checkers software that was one of the first applications that could study from its own mistakes and enhance its efficiency over time.
Synthetic Intelligence MSc
Synthetic Intelligence is getting higher on a regular basis, soon, AI software engineers will create joke recognition methods, where the computer will perceive irony and know when the human is telling a joke, then reciprocate with a joke of their own, perhaps making a joke from scratch. Relatively than conclude from this lack of generality that low-degree AI and piecemeal high-degree AI are not real intelligence, it would perhaps be better to conclude that low-stage AI (like intelligence in lower life-varieties) and piecemeal excessive-level abilities (like those of human idiot savantsâ€) are real intelligence, albeit piecemeal and low-stage.
Right now we most commonly discover that such functions as search engines like google on the Internet, autonomous operation and interactive eLearning methods, as well as recognition software for speech, facial features, finger prints, spell checkers, voice, anti-spam packages or algorithms which scan databases to find anomalies.
Synthetic Intelligence is kind of a trending topic in trendy know-how with many companies adopting its use in their daily operations while others are skeptical about its relevance in the workplace. This online program from the MIT Sloan Faculty of Management and the MIT Pc Science and Synthetic Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) challenges frequent misconceptions surrounding AI and will equip and encourage you to embrace AI as part of a transformative toolkit.… | <urn:uuid:ae79f432-8c4a-4f7a-9e55-7bc9e4e5cb8b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.paidsurveymob.com/category/computer/computer-pc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.95038 | 564 | 2.765625 | 3 |
What you need to know about Alzheimer’s
Who among us hasn’t forgotten a name, a date or a detail surrounding a story we’ve retold numerous times? We all forget things occasionally. And as we age it’s normal to experience some delayed memory recall. This is not to be confused with dementia or Alzheimer’s disease.
People often use these terms interchangeably, but dementia and Alzheimer’s are not the same thing. Dementia is a general category or set of symptoms that encompasses all forms of acquired cognitive loss, including Alzheimer’s, which is the most common form of dementia among the elderly. An estimated 5 million Americans suffer from Alzheimer’s. That said, Alzheimer’s is not a normal, inevitable part of aging.
For those who develop this progressive, irreversible brain disorder, symptoms generally set in after age 60, but in rare instances the beginning stages of Alzheimer’s present in individuals ages 30 to 60. Known as early-onset Alzheimer’s, it occurs in less than 5 percent of all people who are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s and is generally due to genetics or a considerable family history of the disease.
The memory loss that leads to Alzheimer’s is not typical forgetfulness. Its severity disrupts daily life and social interactions, adversely affects work, and inhibits participation in normal hobbies or activities. As the disease progresses people experience mood changes, confusion and difficulty multi-tasking. They feel disoriented, misplace things, wander or get lost in otherwise familiar places and struggle to organize thoughts and express themselves.
Judgement and reasoning become compromised, managing money also becomes problematic and often individuals don’t recognize family and friends. Hallucinations, paranoia and delusions can eventually set in. At its most severe, those with Alzheimer’s cannot communicate and are completely dependent on others. Sadly, patients in the final stages of the disease are usually bedridden until their bodies completely shut down.
While Alzheimer’s has no cure, there are treatments available for this complex disease. Medications have proven effective in the late stages, helping manage behavioral issues, mitigate memory loss and maintain a higher mental function than otherwise possible.
And while you cannot prevent the onset of Alzheimer’s, you can reduce your risk. A healthy lifestyle equals better brain health and memory, so exercise regularly, maintain your cardiovascular health and eat a healthful diet. The right nutrients can improve circulation to your brain, which boosts your cognitive and mental abilities. So speak to your doctor about the foods and supplements that are right for you.
If you are concerned about your own memory and cognitive skills, or if a loved one is experiencing memory loss or declined cognitive function that adversely impacts their ability to function, seek medical attention. Although the disease cannot be stopped or reversed, early diagnosis can help preserve daily function and quality of life longer, giving individuals and their families time to prepare for the future including financial and legal matters, living arrangements, safety concerns and care and support networks.
But for now, take care of your body and exercise your brain. Keep your mind agile and nimble and improve your concentration with activities like crossword puzzles and reading, Sudoku, or even board games that test your basic knowledge and memory. Social interaction can have the same stimulating effect on your cognitive function. So turn off the television. Put down the smart phone. Step away from the computer. Take a break from social media. Spend some quality time with friends and family, building brainpower while you chat, laugh and truly engage — face to face.
Dr. William McHugh is a neurologist at the Renown Institute for Neurosciences.
For more information on Alzheimer’s, head to BestMedicineNews.org. | <urn:uuid:4d900149-38b4-4689-bdc7-8d8ddef208e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rgj.com/story/life/wellness/2016/11/29/what-you-need-know-alzheimers/94625032/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.924642 | 776 | 3.671875 | 4 |
Peter used to work for an excellent organisation called the Nature Conservancy Council (who remembers them? – and yes we didn’t always think they were excellent at the time but how we might wish them back…). He now writes books and excellent articles (especially for British Wildlife magazine).
Where green objectives clash: nature versus renewables at Rampisham Down
Which is the most important: nature conservation or renewable energy? We are about to find out. The place where the issue will be decided is Rampisham Down, near Maiden Newton in Dorset. The place is best known for its nest of communication masts which have disfigured the skyline there since 1939. But underneath the masts is a surprise. This is an unusually large area of dry semi-natural acidic grassland of the kind technically known as U4. It is an unusual kind with a mixture of acidic and chalk plants. Quite by chance the masts have saved this grassland from the fate of nearly other example in the county: fertiliser and the plough. There is less than 5,000 ha of this kind of grassland left in Britain. 76ha of an unusually species –rich kind lies under the masts at Rampisham Down.
Natural England scheduled this site as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in 2013. It did so partly in response to a threat. The site had been bought for British Solar Renewables with the intention of turning 40 ha of it into a solar farm – one of England’s largest with more than 100,000 (some say up to 160,000) panels. When the application went to West Dorset District Council in November last year it was opposed by Natural England and Dorset Wildlife Trust. The District’s Planning Officer recommended refusal. The Councillors thought otherwise and approved the application. Unanimously. Now Dorset Wildlife Trust is asking the Secretary of State, Eric Pickles, to call in the case for a Public Inquiry. With the general election on the way there is no time to lose.
That’s the case in outline. Just beneath the surface lie a number of issues. First acid grassland is not the easiest habitat to ‘sell’. To anyone except a botanist, Rampisham Down is a rather bleak spread of rough grass on a rounded hilltop broken by the odd gorse bush or shelter belt of pines. There is no public access. The whole place is behind barbed wire with multiple warning signs – including guard dogs. Local feeling is mainly one of relief that the masts are coming down at last.
The second problem is that West Dorset’s planners class this as a brownfield site. For brownfield sites there is, in general, a presumption in favour of redevelopment. At the meeting to consider the application, which, of course, was public, the Planning Officer repeatedly reminded Councillors that this does not apply to protected sites like Rampisham Down. Nevertheless some Councillors felt able to question its nature conservation value. One pointed out that herbicides and fertiliser had been used there (so they have, but only on small areas, such as around the masts). There was also a fear that the area might ‘go to scrub’. Many people seem terrified of that outcome but there are ways of preventing scrub encroachment, one of which is called sheep.
Unfortunately the Councillors seemed more impressed by the developer’s evidence than Natural England’s. They were able to produce Sir Ghillean Prance, a distinguished botanist and former director of Kew Gardens. In Sir Ghillean’s view, the site was “degraded, highly impacted habitat”. Moreover, in his opinion the site’s interest would survive the installation of 100,000 solar panels since these now have windows that let a little light through to the grass underneath. The developers had performed some experiments which suggested that, after six months, there was no discernible difference to the vegetation. Natural England responded that six months is nowhere near long enough, but Sir Ghillean seemed impressed with the results and so, apparently, were the Councillors. There was even a suggestion that development could somehow improve the value of the SSSI though no evidence for that was forthcoming.
Like most conservation bodies, the Dorset Wildlife Trust is an enthusiast for renewable energy. The land purchased by the developers includes a smaller area on the opposite side of the road which is improved grassland, formerly part of a dairy farm, of minimal value for wildlife. The Trust supports this alternative and it is also investigating suitable sites for solar farms elsewhere in the county.
A final reason why the application was approved is the local councillors’ fear of windfarms. Like everywhere else, Dorset has been set targets for renewable energy. Windfarms are deeply unpopular in West Dorset. Like the communication masts on Rampisham Down you can see them for miles in this countryside of rounded hills and deep valleys. Better solar panels, you might think, than three-hundred-foot wind turbines.
These are some of the questions Eric Pickles’ officials should consider: was the District right to ignore its Planning Officers’ recommendation? How compatible are solar panels and grassland wildlife? Should natural grassland be demoted to ‘brownfield’ simply because it has man-made structures on it? Should the evidence of a star witness outweigh that of the Government’s own advisors on wildlife and the county experts? Is it right that ‘Cinderella’ habitats like acid grassland should weigh less than more glamorous sites, especially when they don’t have any Nightingales? And finally, if the application is confirmed, where does that leave the Government’s National Planning Policy Framework?
It is all down to Mr Pickles now. Quite a lot may hang on his decision.
Follow the Rampisham Down affair in detail on Miles King’s blog.[registration_form] | <urn:uuid:d5984cf0-d6d8-4310-b8c0-8cc46a1219d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://markavery.info/2015/01/26/guest-blog-green-objectives-clash-peter-marren/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.959207 | 1,241 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Last week, Gabrielle Jongeneel visited the ZonMw conference ‘Goed Gebruik Geneesmiddelen (GGG)’. Gabrielle is working on the project ‘Personalized adjuvant treatment in stage II colon cancer’, which is part of the ‘GGG’ program. The conference was dedicated to sharing new insights and use them as an inspiration for future work. Over the day, there were several sessions with inspiring speakers who presented the results of their projects. Gabrielle attended the following sessions:
Session 1: Implementation of pharmacogenetics. Who cares?
The GGG program aims to optimize the use of pharmacotherapy. Pharmacogenetics allows for pharmacotherapy that is better tailored to the individual patient. That is, pharmacists and doctors consider the genetic characteristics of a patient when selecting a drug. Also the dose of the drug can be individualized.
Session 2: Appropriate use of drugs
Within the ‘GGG’ program, an important goal is to gain insight into different ways of using medicines appropriately. In this session, speakers from various parties explained their vision, each from their own perspective, to encourage the appropriate use of medicines from both the health insurance, and the patient perspective.
Session 3: Drugs in elderly
Elderly have specific health problems and react differently to medicines but they are generally underrepresented in clinical trials. Thus, research specifically aimed at older people is essential. The highlight of this session was the presentation of the thesis of Dr. Felice van Erning; ‘Adjuvant chemotherapy among elderly colon cancer patients: from gut feeling towards evidence-based use in clinical practice.’ Felice collaborates with Gabrielle and the findings of Felice will be very useful for our work.
Curious about the developments within our own ZonMw project? Keep checking the site for updates. | <urn:uuid:d850f267-b6c9-4e07-af29-5f6870b0292d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dmc-vumc.nl/increasing-knowledge-conference-goed-gebruik-geneesmiddelen/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.922801 | 389 | 1.546875 | 2 |
A hospital in San Diego, California, has announced the birth of what is believed to be the smallest baby to not only survive but thrive. Saybie — the name given to her by the neonatal nurses who cared for her for five months before her release — was delivered to save her mother’s life and weighed in at 8.6 ounces.
The tiny infant’s size was compared to that of a large apple or a hamster and her survival described as miraculous.
“She’s a miracle, that’s for sure,” said Kim Norby, a nurse featured in the video the hospital posted on YouTube announcing Saybie’s journey.
The journey started when doctors delivered Saybie in December and told her father that he had about an hour to be with his daughter before she passed away.
“But that hour turned into two hours, which turned into a day, which turned into a week,” the unidentified mother said in a video released by Sharp Mary Birch Hospital for Women & Newborns and republished by the Washington Post.
The Associated Press (AP) reported:
[The mother] said she was taken to the hospital after not feeling well and was told she had preeclampsia, a serious condition that causes skyrocketing blood pressure, and that the baby needed to be delivered quickly.
“I kept telling them she’s not going to survive, she’s only 23 weeks,” the mother said in the video.
But Saybie did survive and spent five months at the hospital where a sign by her crib said, “Tiny but Mighty.”
The nurses put a miniature graduation cap on her head when she was released.
Babies born before 28 weeks are designated as micro-preemie and can face developmental challenges as well as hearing and vision disabilities.
“So far Saybie has beaten the odds,” AP reported.
Follow Penny Starr on Twitter | <urn:uuid:2ab70e46-c2c4-4017-a8b8-1fff774eaf05> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://clarion.causeaction.com/2019/05/30/baby-the-size-of-an-apple-survives-and-thrives-after-23-week-delivery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.980997 | 410 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Does it feel like members of your family have had a cough or cold for ages? Or that you’re all surrounded by people who do?
It’s that time of year when you everyone seems to have a cough.
But actually coughs rarely have anything to do with the weather.
If you're struck down by illness this week, you may be jealous of those types who claim they have NEVER been ill.
But are they being truthful? Why is it that some people appear immune to illness - while others (perhaps like yourself) get sick every year?
Experts are uncertain exactly why some adults never seem to catch the common cold and other illnesses.
But they have some suggestions.
In our lifetime, we typically suffer from around 200 bouts of the common cold, each one lasting around five days.
We also are struck down by the flu an average of 16 times.
Experts believe the better shape your body is in, the easier it is for you to fight off illnesses and infections.
Research suggests people who exercise regularly have a reduced chance of getting ill - possibly because it boosts their immune system.
Inactivity can lead to obesity and a huge drop in white blood cell levels - the cells that help us fight off nasty bugs like the common cold.
Feeling fit and being active cuts the risk of having a cold by almost 50 per cent, a study in the British Journal of Sports Medicine found.
Even when participants were ill, having an active lifestyle benefited them.
It cut the severity of the illness by 41 per cent among those who were the fittest and 31 per cent among those who were the most active, the research showed.
Sadly, there's no way to control a major factor that affects how you respond to viruses like the flu - your genes.
Scientists are trying to crack the genetic code to see exactly what some of our bodies do right to ward off illness.
But for now an inherited high white blood cell level is the best defence.
Professor of immunology Daniel Davis, of the University of Manchester, told The Guardian : "Some of us inherit a set of immune system genes that are particularly good at dealing with one particular virus.
But he added: "That is not to say that you or I would have a better or worse immune system. All it means is that you would deal with a particular flu virus better than me."
Vaccines help to develop immunity to illnesses. They can also help to reduce the severity of the disease.
Getting outside as a child
There is evidence to suggest that the more bacteria and viruses a child comes into contact with, the more resilient their immune system will be as an adult.
Scientists call this the "Hygiene Hypothesis". So, if you were allowed to eat worms and play in the dirt as a child, then you could be in luck.
Widespread use of disinfectant, antibacterial products and the avoidance of dirt could stop children from developing healthy gut bacteria, research suggests.
Letting youngsters out of the house to experience beneficial bacteria could be the key to boosting their immune system as adults, experts claim.
One study, by the John Hopkins Children's Centre in Maryland, US, found that children who grow up exposed to bacteria and viruses have lower asthma and allergy rates.
The alleged link between a child's exposure to dirt and their immune system remains a topic of much debate.
Keeping your hands clean
Washing your hands as often as possible could help you to stay well.
Research suggests that, on average, we touch our faces 16 times each hour.
This transfers bacteria from dirty surfaces to our mouths, eyes and noses.
Therefore, keeping your hands clean by washing them with running water and soap is the first line of defence against getting sick.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the US says on its website: "Keeping hands clean through improved hand hygiene is one of the most important steps we can take to avoid getting sick and spreading germs to others.
"Many and conditions are spread by not washing hands with soap and clean, running water. If clean, running water is not accessible, as is common in many parts of the world, use soap and available water.
"If soap and water are unavailable, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60 per cent alcohol to clean hands."
When saying hello to others, you could also consider adopting a more relaxed 'fist-pump' greeting instead of a classic handshake.
This transfers only half the bacteria, experts say.
A good night's rest
A regular sleep pattern could help you to stay healthy.
If you get less than five and a half hours sleep a night, you may find yourself being struck down with illnesses more than other people.
This is because your chance of catching a cold is a staggering four and a half times greater than that of someone who sleeps for seven hours a night, research in the medical journal, Sleep , found.
Experts say sleep has a "massive impact" on the immune system.
"It’s under the control of circadian rhythms and disturbing it can throw out your immune system," Dr Natalie Riddell, spokesperson for the British Society for Immunology, told The Guardian.
The secret to staying well may also have something to do with diet.
Whether or not you are susceptible to illness could be to do with whether your body is getting the right nutrients, experts say.
Eating a healthy, varied diet can help to boost your immune system, therefore increasing your chance of fighting of viruses, evidence shows.
However, you won't have a noticeably increased chance of catching anything unless your diet is seriously deficient in vitamins or nutrients, research suggests.
So you don't need to go overboard.
According to a 2009 study in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition, Green Tea can increase regulatory T cells and ramp up your defence against the flu by more than 30 per cent.
“Some people are simply healthier than others," Dr William Schaffner, of Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, told Today .
“There are people who lead healthier lifestyles … they are less likely to become ill and it is a milder illness [when they do].”
Exposure to illness
Constant exposure to various illnesses can increase your immunity - meaning certain professionals are less likely to fall ill, experts say.
“It is said that pediatricians are some of the healthiest people around," said Dr Schaffner, a professor of medicine specialising in infectious disease.
"Why? They are exposed to all those snotty nosed kids … during their training."
This could also explain why many mums rarely get sick.
Some experts claim children who are exposed to colds and other illnesses in their early years will develop stronger immune systems.
Therefore, they are less likely to fall ill when they are older.
However, NBC notes that there are hundreds of different cold viruses - most of which a child's immune system will not have encountered.
That means that while the youngster has immunity to a number of viruses, they could contract one of the many others in later life. | <urn:uuid:9d9cb20b-80a6-4d0d-80ad-5afe332b2326> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/revealed-people-never-sick-13670340 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.968578 | 1,486 | 2.984375 | 3 |
We use ab-initio Quantum Mechanics to study the zero temperature phase diagram of BaO. We calculate zero temperature Equations of State of different crystalline phases [B1 (NaCl), B8(NiAs), B2(CsCl), and distorted B2] using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). We find the B1 structure to be the thermodynamically stable one at zero pressure; followed by three pressure induced phase transitions. We find that at P=11.3 GPa BaO transforms from B1 to B8; at P=21.5 GPa from B8 to distorted B2. The distorted B2 phase continuously approaches the B2 structure, the phase transformation occurs at P=62 GPa. We also study the band structure of BaO in its high pressure (B2) phase. For P=60.5 GPa, we find a band gap of 3.5 eV in agreement with experimetal value. We find metallization at P=230.6 GPa. | <urn:uuid:0c866b24-a63f-47a8-ad2d-d302c8fcee1e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://avesis.metu.edu.tr/yayin/47501a60-40a8-4a33-8ffc-a2fb51dc998f/ab-initio-studies-of-pressure-induced-phase-transitions-in-bao | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.878634 | 221 | 1.789063 | 2 |
According to various conceptions, the usage of currency is not illegal and it is one of the money considerations. While there are lots of factors to be found within each variety of virtual currency, we need to be clear about safer portal. There is lots of digital currency and most of them are not considered to be safer and legal.
It is certain while considering the correct box of transformation which is made to be ledger among all the confidential ranges and global accessing features. The payments are made around the parties within certain range. If you are not good to choose any kind of application, you should be better understood about all the regulations and financial subscriptions. The anonymity in certain level of subjects is made along all the known prospects and values to use. If you are well understood about every certain factor, it is good to make the existences.
There are many bitcoin faucet and everyone should be clear about choosing the right one with less fee structure. These will the process more certain within each category and subjects. The rules with the transaction methods are found to be anonymous and bound around certain rules and structures. While making the traffic factors, you should be clear regarding all the easier options within every certain limited factor that are known to be best around the reserve choices and values. The best known lessons are understood within every certain range of value that matters to every confidential range of values. | <urn:uuid:1580dd3c-0e84-48ff-90d1-3441a4c0609b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.mymzone.com/is-bitcoin-legal-within-world-regulation.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.954551 | 274 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Want to know more about the sneaking behaviour in the dusky frillgoby Bathygobius fuscus? You are in luck:
“Large- and small-size advantages in sneaking behaviour in the dusky frillgoby Bathygobius fuscus,” Takeshi Takegaki, Takashi Kaneko and Yukio Matsumoto, Naturwissenschaften, Volume 99, Number 4, 285-289.
“Sneaking tactic, a male alternative reproductive tactic involving sperm competition, is generally adopted by small individuals because of its inconspicuousness. However, large size has an advantage when competition occurs between sneakers for fertilization of eggs. Here, we suggest that both large- and small-size advantages of sneaker males are present within the same species. Large sneaker males of the dusky frillgoby Bathygobius fuscus showed a high success rate in intruding into spawning nests because of their advantage in competition among sneaker males in keeping a suitable position to sneak, whereas small sneakers had few chances to sneak. However, small sneaker males were able to stay in the nests longer than large sneaker males when they succeeded in sneak intrusion.”
(Thanks to investigator Tom Gill for bringing this to our attention.) | <urn:uuid:7408ab00-7907-44d3-b58e-fa629943c987> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://improbable.com/2012/04/07/sneaking-behaviour-in-the-dusky-frillgoby-bathygobius-fuscus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.936219 | 268 | 2.453125 | 2 |
There’s an obsession in the fitness world with measuring and counting. Not just sets and reps and weight lifted, but also how many minutes, how many days, for how many years’ benefit.
And on the one hand, I sort of get it. I blogged 7 years ago (!) about being a data geek and it’s still true. I track heart rate and speed and distance ridden on my bike. I know my watts, watts per kilo, and number of metres I’ve climbed so far in 2020.
But, on the other hand, it feels like numbers have kind of taken over, not just in the area of sports performance (where I think they mostly belong) but in the realm of everyday exercise and health benefits. I understand the science side of this. The studies make sense to me. What makes less sense is the way the media shares these stories in a way that suggests a close tie between the study results and our behavior.
And just the other day these were the headlines:
How about some larger numbers?
To Lose Weight With Exercise, Aim for 300 Minutes a Week (That’s about 43 minutes a day in case you were trying to keep track.) There’s a lot that’s problematic with that story. I’m not going to get into it here but let’s just start by noting that exercising for weight loss is neither particularly effective nor motivational.)
How about some smaller numbers? Fast fitness: How four second workouts can keep you in shape during lockdown or The 4-Second Workout – The New York Times. (Cate experimented with short bursts of movement throughout the day and blogged about it here.)
You could try to figure the exact right number of minutes of exercise that’s good for meeting your goals. Is it 11? Or 35? Or 43?
Should it come in one big chuck or in bite size 4 second pieces?
Or you could relax a bit and think, all movement is good. Everything counts. And move in ways that bring you joy.
As I said, at the outset this isn’t my natural temperament, my go to disposition. I do a lot of physio that isn’t joyful at all. I’ve stopped saying, if you don’t love it, don’t do it. It’s okay to hate exercise and just do it for the health benefits.
But most of the time, for most us, even analytically minded me, I think simple messages are better.
I’d also like us to take broader lens. Not everything we care about is easily measured. We can count years lived and pounds lost but the mental health benefits of movement are harder to measure but no less important.
Get outside! Play! All movement is good! Find a way of moving that’s joyful for you! Bring friends along and build community!
I don’t care if abs are made in the kitchen and not the gym.
Now this, this is something I care about: Where are the smiles made? | <urn:uuid:51b4c8de-d9bc-4095-9d3d-daf0e1e786c8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fitisafeministissue.com/2020/12/24/how-many-minutes-how-many-workouts-so-many-numbers/?like_comment=340732&_wpnonce=c8c9fe4613 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.953627 | 644 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Q: What is Marijuana? What is Hemp (CBD)?
- Marijuana is the product of the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa, containing the psychoactive
chemical delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other related compounds. Here at Leaf411, the nurses will use the term marijuana for products containing more than 0.3% THC, which means they are sold in dispensaries. The Leaf411 nurses will refer to products containing less than 0.3% THC as hemp CBD which can be bought and sold over-the-counter or online in most states.
- Cannabis is a dioecious and hermaphroditic plant. Dioecious plants will produce either male or female reproductive parts. However, under extremely stressful conditions or unstable genetics results in a plant that may produce both male and female reproductive parts (hermaphrodite).
- Male cannabis plants have stamens and anthers that produce pollen to fertilize female plants, resulting in seeds.
- Female plants, once mature, produce flowers that contain trichomes. Trichomes are the sticky resinous parts of the cannabis flower and is what contains THC, the psychoactive ingredient in cannabis. If a cultivar of cannabis is highly valued, and its sex is confirmed, cloning can be done to keep the genetics alive for many years.
- When cultivating sinsemilla or medical cannabis, it is important to separate out the male plants from the female in order to prevent pollination and seed production. Advanced cannabis farmers will often develop new strains through cross pollination methods, that will not be discussed here, as it is far too complex.
- Hermaphroditic plants are on the lower end of quality are are not suggested for consumption.
- Hemp vs Cannabis CBD, What's the difference?: https://www.leafly.com/news/cbd/hemp-vs-cannabis-derived-cbd-whats-the-difference
- The complete guide to CBD (cannabidiol): https://www.leafly.com/news/cbd/what-is-cbd?utm_source=SailThru&utm_medium=email_news&utm_campaign=Newsletters_11272019_Wed
- How to talk about CBD at the dinner table: https://www.leafly.com/news/lifestyle/how-to-talk-about-cbd-dinner-table?utm_source=SailThru&utm_medium=email_news&utm_campaign=Newsletters_11302019_Sat_Disengaged&utm_term=Master%20-%20Disengaged
- FDA Says CBD Products Run ‘Real Risks’. Rather than regulate, FDA issues misinformation: https://cannabisnow.com/fda-says-cbd-products-run-real-risks/?utm_campaign=Daily%20Morning%20News&utm_source=hs_email&utm_medium=email&utm_content=80147502&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-81tCS3wQBF3QB_siRiNgXZYkyIfhHxPPjXFwKzZMdeME7vIQXoUcCte1cF6915mAKR-9AIYlew3bTa1rB7EMHKxWQixw&_hsmi=80147709
- The FDA is worried about CBD. Should you be concerned?: https://www.leafly.com/news/cbd/the-fda-is-worried-about-cbd-should-you-be-concerned?utm_source=SailThru&utm_medium=email_news&utm_campaign=Newsletters_12042019_Wed&utm_term=%5BTWS%5D%20%26%20%5BMaster%20%2B%20Not%20Dormant%5D | <urn:uuid:aa2ce203-5bf9-4b63-a3ff-575879337061> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://library.leaf411.org/hc/en-us/articles/360036838374-Q-What-is-Marijuana-What-is-Hemp-CBD- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.855596 | 880 | 2.625 | 3 |
« All Events
For centuries, the bustling port city of Salonica was home to the sprawling Levy family. As leading publishers and editors, they helped chronicle modernity as it was experienced by Sephardic Jews across the Ottoman Empire. The wars of the twentieth century, however, redrew the borders around them, in the process transforming the Levys from Ottomans to Greeks. Family members soon moved across boundaries and hemispheres, stretching the familial diaspora from Greece to Western Europe, Israel, Brazil, and India. In time, the Holocaust nearly eviscerated the clan, eradicating whole branches of the family tree.
In Family Papers, the prizewinning Sephardic historian Sarah Abrevaya Stein uses the family’s correspondence to tell the story of their journey across the arc of a century and the breadth of the globe. They wrote to share grief and to reveal secrets, to propose marriage and to plan for divorce, to maintain connection. They wrote because they were family. And years after they frayed, Stein discovers, what remains solid is the fragile tissue that once held them together: neither blood nor belief, but papers.
With meticulous research and care, Stein uses the Levys’ letters to tell not only their history, but the history of Sephardic Jews in the twentieth century.
In association with the Institute of Jewish Studies, UCL
Sarah Abrevaya Stein is Professor of History, Viterbi Family Chair in Mediterranean Jewish Studies at UCLA, and Sady and Ludwig Kahn Director of UCLA’s Alan D. Leve Center for Jewish Studies. A former Guggenheim Fellow and recipient of the Sami Rohr Prize for Jewish Literature, she is the author or editor of nine books, many of them award-winning. Stein’s most recent book, Family Papers: A Sephardic Journey Through the Twentieth Century (Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2019), was named a Best Book of 2019 by The Economist, a New York Times Editors’ Choice Book, and was a National Jewish Book Award Finalist. | <urn:uuid:a705513e-0488-4518-a83e-5197b69e2743> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sirmartingilbertlearningcentre.org/event/family-papers-a-sephardic-journey-through-the-twentieth-century/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.944527 | 433 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Lawmakers, economists and advocates are working to extend a handful of key federal aid programs established at the beginning of the pandemic, many of which are scheduled to end just as the delta variant has caused Covid caseloads to rise across the U.S. yet again.
Already this week, following pressure from House Democrats, the CDC extended the federal eviction moratorium through October 3 after it lapsed over the weekend. Now, other Congressional Democrats are calling on the White House to extend the pause on federal student loan payments scheduled to expire at the end of September, the Washington Post reports.
Meanwhile, advocacy groups are also dialing up attention to extend pandemic-era unemployment benefits programs that are set to expire on Labor Day, September 6.
The March 2020 CARES Act established three new federal unemployment aid programs: Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (PUA), which covers those not traditionally eligible for aid, including freelancers and gig workers; Pandemic Emergency Unemployment Compensation (PEUC), which extends aid to those who've exhausted their state's benefits period, which averages around 26 weeks; and Federal Pandemic Unemployment Compensation (FPUC), a $600 weekly boost that was reduced to $300 per week to help people recover more of their lost wages.
The March 2021 American Rescue Plan Act extended these benefits to Labor Day. But policy analysts were concerned the date was chosen without consideration to what the state of the virus would be in the U.S. at that time.
Now, "exactly what advocates feared would happen with the last extension to September 6 is now happening," Jenna Jerry, a senior staff attorney with the National Employment Law Project, tells CNBC Make It. "We knew Covid wouldn't be over. And it's not. With the delta variant rising and places going back to having mask mandates, we're taking steps backwards and ending aid when people continue to need and rely on them."
The public health crisis could "make people think twice about this cutoff of benefits," says Andrew Stettner, a senior fellow at The Century Foundation.
However, "people are holding out hope for that extension, but to be honest, there's not a lot of political momentum behind it right now."
Stettner says it's not clear that enough lawmakers would support the continuation of jobless benefits because critics are primarily focused on whether the $300 weekly boost disincentivizes people from finding new work.
Businesses across sectors, especially in leisure and hospitality, are having a hard time filling a growing number of job openings. In response to sluggish job growth in April, the governors of 26 states announced plans to end pandemic unemployment programs early through June and July.
The U.S. labor market added a better-than-expected 943,000 jobs in July, according to the latest jobs report, but economists caution these numbers don't consider state breakdowns and therefore can't determine the impact of states cancelling pandemic unemployment benefits on hiring.
Stettner says while the focus remains on ending the $300 boost, allowing PUA and PEUC programs to end would cause a "unemployment cliff" for roughly 7.5 million people and their families after September 6.
As of mid-July, roughly 9.4 million people were drawing benefits from one of these programs, making up more than 72% of Americans collecting unemployment insurance overall.
By nature, people on PUA don't qualify for any other type of unemployment insurance, so these recipients will not have another safety net to recover lost wages.
Some long-term unemployed people claiming PEUC could move over to Extended Benefits, a federally funded aid program that triggers "on" depending on their state's unemployment rate.
"We've extended unemployment benefits before," Stettner says. "They're usually kept in place several years into a recovery period with the understanding unemployment happens fast, but reemployment takes time."
While he sees little political support for continuing the $300 weekly benefit, "that doesn't mean we have to cut off everything."
Following the 2008 financial crisis, Congress created and extended emergency unemployment pay through December 2013, at which point 1.3 million people were cut off from jobless aid.
Even so, critics have said the 2013 cutoff was too early, based more on calendar dates than economic conditions for some of the most vulnerable workers. At the time Congress let aid expire, the Black unemployment rate was over 10%, and the national rate was elevated too, Stettner says.
Lawmakers have set expiration dates and extended pandemic unemployment benefits several times since March 2020, leading some economists to advocate for setting a phaseout period based on economic conditions, like the unemployment rate, rather than a calendar date.
Many worker advocacy groups, including Unemployed Action, ExtendPUA and Unemployed Workers United have been working with policymakers to improve unemployment benefits throughout the pandemic with the ultimate goal of more long-term systemic reform, Jerry says.
Advocates say permanently expanding the pool of workers eligible for jobless aid can improve an inequitable unemployment insurance system. Americans most likely to be supported by today's temporary PUA and PEUC programs — the long-term unemployed, self-employed, freelancers, gig workers, part-time workers and caregivers — are also disproportionately Black, Hispanic, Asian, women and low-income earners.
"Unemployment insurance is an essential program," Jerry says, "but it was created in the 1930s and exclusively left out predominantly BIPOC workers. Over the years we've made some progress toward reform, but the need for PUA, PEUC and FPUC further demonstrates how much further we need to go." | <urn:uuid:de32c233-eeff-4998-b16a-25218854e588> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/06/could-pandemic-unemployment-be-extended-beyond-labor-day-what-to-know.html?utm_source=akdart | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.967333 | 1,153 | 1.789063 | 2 |
How to place in writing a Financially rewarding Scholarship Essay Which incorporates a Scholarship Essay Writing Service
How to jot down a Successful Scholarship Essay In conjunction with a Scholarship Essay Writing Service
If you are looking for just a scholarship essay writing service, you’ve got arrive at the best area. Scholarship essays preferably should be as distinctive given that the pupils trying to get them, but with a few rules that will help you to jump out with the level of competition. Shown under are a few of such secrets. Ensure that you are not talking inadequately of hypothetical candidates, producing fatalistic statements, or getting an unnecessarily damaging perspective of a second applicant.
Don’t discuss unkindly about hypothetical applicants
When writing scholarship essays, please don’t chat poorly about other candidates. This could seem clear, however, if you target on other candidates, your essay could be spotted as distasteful. Emphasis on why you’re a beneficial applicant instead of their characteristics. Then, aim on that which you have got to make available. Listed here are really a several guidelines for writing scholarship essays. Be mindful that these tips only implement to true candidates.
Don’t be very individual when writing your scholarship essay or use show more. The most crucial stage will be the subject and reaction on the prompt. You should not gush through your achievements or explain your daily life tale. As an alternative, take a look at a thing which has a personalized intending to you, just like the accomplishment of one’s aspiration. Even while this is often way more private, maintain it pro. Don’t forget, a scholarship essay just isn’t an opportunity to explain to your folks and spouse and children regarding how really good that you’re.
Don’t use rates of renowned buyers as inspiration inside your essay. However inspiring prices is an impressive addition, you do not need to seem like an novice. Really don’t use quotations that happen to be very prevalent, or which were drafted by another person. These quotations could have previously been check out because of the scholarship committee and may seem like copycats. Make it possible for they do not seem unkind toward hypothetical candidates.
Avoid implementing intense views when writing scholarship essays. The essay ought to emphasis over the applicant, and will be targeted on whatever they require. For anybody who is writing a school software, the essay may want to express individuals features with the reader. It ought to be equipped to express their targets and individuality. Really don’t communicate negatively about hypothetical candidates; relatively, use beneficial illustrations in the applicant’s daily life. It will support the reader hook up because of the applicant far better.
Don’t make fatalistic declarations or require unnecessarily destructive sights of other applicants
Don’t speak negatively about other scholarship candidates in your own scholarship essay. Scholarship committees are not on the search for essays that talk right down to other candidates. As a substitute, center all on your own deserves. Please don’t choose other applicants’ situations and shortcomings as exclusive targets. As a substitute, aim within the choices of beating the situation. Should you be attracted to obtaining a scholarship, center on why you’re a certified prospect.
Be transient and concise. Most scholarship committees need to have double-spaced essays. You should not disregard to incorporate your title, 12 months of examine, and class as presently enrolled in. Comprise of your electronic mail deal with. Make sure to consult someone else to learn your essay prior to deciding to post it. Check with them for anybody who is presenting the key details and concepts evidently.
When writing your scholarship essay, stay away from implementing cliches and cliches. Your essay may want to express the distinct character within the applicant. Never use cliches or oversimplified statements, these types of as “I’m an athlete” or “I’m a perfect university student. ” These statements audio like virtually every other highschool scholar and so are seemingly to show off scholarship committees.
Don’t use inspirational estimates in your own scholarship essay. Even though inspirational estimates may perhaps be ideal, please don’t make use of them as your only resources of enthusiasm. A nursing diploma can be an admirable intention, however it is not a beneficial one particular. Scholarship committees examine countless scholarship essays annually and do not like to be bored browsing one particular. Stay away from writing regarding your private personalized tragedies or struggles.
The finest scholarship essays have a few forms of service like on site. They consist of legitimate particulars, arguments, and private ordeals. Never make fatalistic statements, choose unnecessarily unfavourable sights of other candidates. With the closing examination, an excellent scholarship essay makes use of 3 varieties of assist. Even when the rhetorical manner is accustomed to encourage consumers, the emotive method is accustomed to make an psychological charm.
While you happen to be writing your scholarship essay, please remember to stick to the phrase restrict granted. The phrase depend on your essay prompt is often furnished inside the lessen still left corner of your respective display screen. It is possible to quickly edit your essay if it exceeds the term depend. Scholarship committees can location these sorts of essays from the mile absent, so it truly is easiest to remain within just the phrase restrict.
Don’t speak about yourself
When writing a scholarship essay, it really is key to concentration within the issue. Most scholarships have demanding character and term limitations, therefore you isn’t going to have noticeably place to inform your lifetime tale. It really is also tempting to incorporate further aspects than you truly really want, but strive to remain centered. Scholarships love to reward candidates with evidently outlined targets and aspirations. Listed here are a few key points that will help you publish a profitable scholarship essay.
Try to write down about a little something which includes some intending to you. For instance, if ever the scholarship essay asks you to definitely explain your weaknesses or failures, check out to locate a state of affairs which is individual for you personally. Then again, keep away from generalizing, as this might set you in a downside with the reader. An excellent approach to discover an angle with a subject matter can be to form a head map. It is possible to then use this intellect map to write down various scholarship apps.
Don’t speak about on your own very noticeably. You may need to concentrate on other areas of your respective lifestyle that display your creative style. By way of example, in the event the essay asks for just a own tale, aim on the way you overcame a obstacle, make clear the method and then the final result. You’re able to demonstrate exactly how much you have developed being a human being by way of your essay. It is an important scholarship essay idea!
Don’t mention your self far too a lot during the summary of the scholarship essay. You are going to want your viewers to target in your long run in the process as your earlier. The scholarship committee will need to determine what you must do once you graduate. They will hope to listen to that the ambitions usually are not egocentric, but somewhat that you are inspired because of the chance to go further more with your training. Your essay should certainly also embrace knowledge and suggestions from principal men or women within your daily life.
After the introduction, the human body paragraph will ideally explain your strengths and why you have earned the scholarship. Steer clear of employing cliches and generalizations, and center in your biggest providing factors. For people who have room, comprise of slightly specifics of all by yourself, but you shouldn’t go into depth regarding your weaknesses. Together with your individual characteristics, spotlight your academic achievements and just how your scholarship might help you obtain your targets.
While writing a scholarship essay, you might be certain for being tempted to ramble, so keeping away from needless specifics is essential. Even when facts can express emotion, you ought to stay clear of exaggeration and overuse of points, that may only muddie the general perception of your respective essay. Furthermore, most scholarship essays have term restrict limits, so ensure to enhance the house you have got by like only pertinent info. This would make your essay more robust all around.
To make your scholarship essay significantly more own and get noticed on the relaxation, never use platitudes or oversimplified statements. Scholarship committees acquire a large number of scholarship apps each and every year, so they have definitely listened to all of them prior to. Quite than sounding like almost every other highschool university student, make use of your personal creative characteristics to generate your software stick out. Indicate your athletic techniques and achievements by mentioning them. Your sports activities achievements will audio pertinent and private, and they’re going to make your scholarship essay a bit more unforgettable.
Using emotion in your own scholarship essay is surely an perfect process to come up with a link with all the reader. It will allow for the reader to determine the true you, not only the stereotyped nerd that the software committee has designed for yourself. What’s more, it demonstrates maturity and self-awareness. Personalization can raise your likelihood of getting discovered, however, you want to stay certified when executing so. Hold the tone official. If not, the reader will not likely even see the very fact that you just implemented a private contact.
In addition to exhibiting emotion as part of your scholarship essay, forever be certain to abide by specialized needs. Specialized prerequisites, phrase depend, and structure must be adopted diligently. Be certain to comprise of exact particulars and prevent generalizations. In the essay, make sure you also stay away from by making use of cliches, which is able to only make your essay a bit more tedious and uninteresting towards reader. Choosing a powerful subject matter may make the writing course of action more convenient, since the psychological enchantment will likely to be a lot more aptly conveyed once the reader can hook up along with you. | <urn:uuid:e961295d-1966-4b1c-afe2-f107e0fc035d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mgm99la.com/how-to-place-in-writing-a-financially-rewarding/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.941748 | 2,053 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Researchers say they may soon be able to identify babies at high risk of autism as early as 6 months old.
Currently, clinicians can’t diagnose autism until toddlers are about 2, when the first behavioral and language symptoms of the developmental disorder become noticeable. There is a push to identify at-risk babies earlier, though, since early intervention may be critical for halting abnormal development and preventing the most troublesome behavioral outcomes associated with autism. But while scientists are developing more sophisticated screening tests that rely on brain-imaging techniques or eye-tracking technologies that monitor an infant’s gaze to pick up early autistic signs, there is still no reliable way to diagnose the condition in younger infants.
Now, reporting in the American Journal of Psychiatry, researchers say that they may finally have a tool that will select out the highest-risk infants at just 6 months old. The innovative test, known as fractional anisotropy, measures the density of white matter, the part of brain that is rich in nerve fibers and makes up the major neural pathways that connect various regions of the brain. Specifically, the technology measures the diffusion of water through nerve-fiber tracts to gauge the density of myelin, the substance that insulates the sometimes long fibers that connect one nerve cell to another; the density of myelin serves as a rough stand-in for the density of neural connections in the brain.
The scientists, recruited 92 children from the Infant Brain Imaging Study Network, which includes four clinical sites around the country. All the infants were considered to be at higher risk of developing autism because they each had at least one older sibling affected by the disorder.
The researchers monitored the children’s brain and behavior development. At 6, 12 and 24 months, the scientists measured the density of the babies’ nerve fibers in the brain, and then tracked them to see who would end up being diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by age 2 and who did not.
Children who were eventually diagnosed with ASDs were more likely to show thicker, denser nerve-fiber readings at 6 months, compared with those who didn’t develop the disorder. But by the time the infants were 2, the situation was reversed: the ASD toddlers had thinner white matter than those who did not develop autism.
“The findings suggest that early on, there is something different going on in children who develop ASDs,” says Geraldine Dawson, chief science officer of Autism Speaks who is also a professor of psychiatry at University of North Carolina Chapel Hill and a co-author of the paper. “Very early on, before the emergence of behavioral symptoms, these neural networks that connect different brain regions are not developing normally.”
Among the 15 nerve-fiber tracts in the brain that linked various regions together, 12 showed aberrant growth patterns in the 6-month old babies who developed ASDs compared with those who didn’t. This suggests, says Dawson, that “there is a more global change in development of these tracts implicated in autism, and that functional connectivity, or the establishment of neural networks is clearly implicated in these findings.”
That means that whatever biological processes are driving autism, they aren’t limited to one region of the brain. And that makes sense, since the disorder’s hallmark behavioral symptoms involve language and social interactions, which require exquisite coordination of several different brain areas.
Dawson and her colleagues stress, however, that their results do not necessarily suggest that the explosion of white matter at 6 months and its subsequent drop-off cause the abnormal development that leads to autism. For now, it’s just an intriguing potential marker for the disorder, one that may help doctors identify infants at highest risk of developing autism early on. Because the study involved only children with a family history of ASD, the next step will be to compare these infants with those whose families are not affected. (There is evidence that even unaffected siblings of autistic children have similar brain changes to those of their autistic brothers and sisters, and may even exhibit subtle symptoms of the disorder.)
A better understanding of how the autistic brain works could, of course, help scientists develop better therapies to treat the disorder. Better interventions could even help prevent ASDs from progressing to more advanced stages that keep children and adults from becoming functioning members of society.
Detecting the first signs of autism, perhaps even in infants younger than 6 months, may be an important part of that effort as well. Studies show, for example, that toddlers on the road to autism who are engaged in language and social-skills therapy can improve their cognitive development and IQ score by as much as 17 points. “One can imagine a day [when], if a baby is suspected of being at risk of developing autism, one could use a biomarker test like this one to identify infants who should perhaps receive early stimulation in language and social development so they can improve their outcomes,” says Dawson. That’s the goal, and tests like these can bring us one step closer toward achieving it. | <urn:uuid:f6cd73fc-a046-45b1-9382-8165444e7aed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://healthland.time.com/2012/02/17/brain-imaging-could-detect-autism-risk-in-infants-as-young-as-6-months/?iid=sr-link5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.963195 | 1,034 | 3.515625 | 4 |
In insulin-deprived alloxan-induced diabetic dogs with severe hyperglycemia and marked hyperglucagonemia, glucagon was not suppressed by intravenous infusion of glucose at a progressively increasing rate up to 24 mg/kg of body weight per min. However, when the hyperglycemia was corrected by phloridzin, a blocker of renal tubular glucose reabsorption, the hyperglucagonemia was readily suppressed by as little as 2 mg of glucose per kg/min. Direct perfusion of phloridzin into the isolated pancreas of nondiabetic dogs had no effect on the in vitro glucagon response to increments in glucose. However, in pancreata isolated from dogs whose glucose levels had been lowered by phloridzin pretreatment, in vitro glucagon suppression in response to glucose increments was more than twice that of controls. This enhancing effect of phloridzin treatment was completely abolished by giving an intravenous infusion of glucose of the 5 hr prior to surgery for isolation of the pancreas. It is concluded that (i) alpha cells have a glucose-sensing system that is independent of insulin and beta cells, and (ii) this system is reversibly attenuated by hyperglycemia. Thus, hyperglycemia, a metabolic consequence of islet cell dysfunction, may be a self-exacerbating inducer of further islet cell dysfunction, a possibility with implication for human diabetes.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||3|
|Journal||Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|
|State||Published - 1985|
ASJC Scopus subject areas | <urn:uuid:269594d9-8d16-4170-aab5-0bc2ee5b48a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/correction-of-hyperglycemia-with-phloridzin-restores-the-glucagon | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.934325 | 385 | 1.929688 | 2 |
We all wish we had more energy.
Energy is a universal human need — and want. As we chug our fifth cup of coffee and wait for the fog in our brain to go away, we all wish we had more pep. More pizazz. We wish we would step through life with a bit of a bounce, taking those opportunities we currently pass up because we’re too tired.
If you, like so many others, wish there was a way to boost your energy, be encouraged: there is. Simple enough, it all boils down to a healthy lifestyle. Here are a few ways to start improving your energy levels.
Work and Stress
It’s no secret that most Americans work too hard. That extra workload is not only contributing to your stress (which adds to your fatigue), it’s simply burning you out. You’re tired — for good reason. Lessening your workload and taking measures to decrease your daily stress can both improve your health and your energy levels.
If you’re a smoker, now may be the time to quit. Smoking stimulates your body, which can cause insomnia or poorer sleep cycles. Next time you wake up exhausted, it might be time to blame your cigarettes.
Likewise, developing regular nighttime sleeping habits will improve your energy.
Few thing improve health like an improved diet. Alcohol and caffeine are two substances to be avoided at certain times of the day, since caffeine after 2 pm or alcohol before 5 might be contributing to your mid-day slump. New studies are showing that sugar just about ruins your metabolism–and a month going sugar-free will boost it like crazy.
Excess weight in general is the enemy of energy, and weight loss, especially weight loss assisted by an energy stimulant like Stimerex-es. can improve your energy levels in no time.
You may be experiencing a loss of energy due to something more serious, such as Carotid Artery disease. Often, these diseases require serious treatment. For example, carotid artery disease may require neurosurgery, and you may need to consult neurosurgical specialists or others to treat your problem.
High energy levels greatly contribute to our quality of life. A long hike in the Badlands, an afternoon spent bouncing on the trampoline with your kids, running a 5K for a good cause — all of these things are made easier and more enjoyable by improved energy levels.
If your energy isn’t up to optimal speed, start taking the necessary steps towards improving it. You’ll be glad you did. | <urn:uuid:c50807ac-188f-4621-93c1-bf00c1e3d28c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://anewdomain.net/healthy-choices-higher-energy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.924991 | 541 | 2.421875 | 2 |
How we work
With a focus on holistic wellbeing, an eclectic and often integrative approach to intervention is used. During your initial assessment, a psychologist will work with you to determine which approaches are best for you. Below we provide an overview of the main modalities that are used at Aware Psychology & Coaching.
- COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY (CBT)
- ACCEPTANCE COMMITMENT THERAPY (ACT)
- POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
- SOLUTION FOCUSED THERAPY (SFT)
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a therapeutic approach that is focused on identifying unhelpful ‘behaviours’ and ‘thoughts’ that lead to low mood and depression, or which generate worries and anxiety.
CBT helps a client to develop a more positive way of thinking about life situations. The client is guided by the therapist and actively participates in identifying their unhelpful thought processes and behaviours. The client is then guided and made responsible for adopting new thought patterns and techniques, resulting in more positive emotional responses.
Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT)
Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an intervention model that can be used for both therapy and coaching.
ACT may be regarded as a type of cognitive behavioural therapy that is based on mindfulness and values. ACT can assist with maximising a client’s potential to live a richer and more meaningful life and can also assist with enriching overall well-being through mindful values-based living. The key message of ACT is to accept what is out of your personal control, and commit to action that improves your life.
Mindfulness is the psychological process of directing one’s focus to experiences occurring in the present moment.
Mindfulness involves training in self-awareness that was adapted from Buddhist mindfulness meditation. With the use of mindful practices, clients learn to accept emotions and sensations without judgment or question. Mindfulness strategies can assist with calming heightened emotions which in turn assists with easing intrusive thoughts.
Positive psychology stems from the belief that people want to lead meaningful and fulfilling lives.
It emphasises the positive influences in a person’s life such as character strengths, optimistic emotions and constructive thought processes. Positive psychology aims to assist clients with identifying positive emotions, thought patterns and strengths from moment to moment as opposed to focusing on problem areas.
Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT)
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) is a short-term future-focused therapeutic approach.
SFBT helps clients change by constructing solutions rather than dwelling on problems. Generally speaking, the foundations of the desired solution are often already present in the client’s life and become the basis for ongoing change. SFBT focuses on how change happens rather than how problems develop. As the client becomes aware of how they want things to be different the focus moves to how they can make it happen. Envisioning a detailed picture of how life will be when things are better creates hope and expectation which in turn makes a solution possible. | <urn:uuid:a369e307-6751-42c7-a724-721d7eb1836f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://awarepsychology.com/how-we-work/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.939763 | 660 | 2.515625 | 3 |
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