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Ananta Kumar Giri has been furrowing in the frontier regions of contemporary sociological theory. He and a most admirable group of social theorists and philosophers from several countries find that even their frontier worlds are pervaded by mutual challenges between power-craving princes and freedom-seeking sages…. Giri has assembled here 29 cutting-edge essays and much-needed wise reflections on vitally important topics such as development ethics and poverty, the power of non-violent movements, and the moral dimension in world history. - Thomas Pantham, Former Professor of Political Science, M.S. University of Baroda Ever since the Renaissance in the thirteenth century, the 'prince' has been the dominant archetype of 'being' and 'becoming'. Power and politics have provided the modern world with determinant frames of self-constitution and social emancipation, along with a singular definition of 'freedom'. In this context, The Modern Prince and the Modern Sage: Transforming Power and Freedom is concerned with rethinking and transforming the concepts of 'power' and 'freedom' in discourse, society and history. This work draws from various sources-traditional, philosophical, religious and spiritual-in discussing 'power' and 'freedom', and also in bringing together voices of struggle from different parts of the world. It is a highly recommended reading for scholars of humanities and social sciences and can be used as a textbook of social and political theory in departments of sociology and politics. It will also be an invaluable supplementary reading resource for students and researchers of development studies, philosophy and religious studies.
Chapter 7: Metamorphoses of Power: From Coercion to Cooperation?
Metamorphoses of Power: From Coercion to Cooperation?
Power is a complex metaphor. As the philosopher Bertrand Russell (1938: 11) notes, ‘Of the infinite desires of man, the chief are the desires for power and glory.’ In sociology, for instance, according to Parsons, power is viewed as a generalized means for attaining whatever goals or in Michael Mann's (1986: 6) words, ‘an efficient organizational means of fulfilling other drives.’ Since power fulfils every desire, it is the desire of desires. As the supreme means, power is also sought as an end in itself, as in Nietzsche's will to power.
Power is a formidable and profound subject. Yet, the relevant literature explicitly concerned with power is fairly limited. There is, of ... | <urn:uuid:2e5f5bf0-8933-4785-be57-bb1eeb26ba54> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sk.sagepub.com/books/the-modern-prince-and-the-modern-sage/n7.xml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.920948 | 512 | 2.21875 | 2 |
All too often, the notion of earning massage CEs may be thought of in the context of renewing and maintaining one’s license to practice. However, investing time and money in massage CEs can actually have a lasting effect on the career of a professional massage therapist or bodyworker. By selecting the right classes, you can find a way to not only maintain your massage certification, but also provide your clients with more valuable services, increase your income on a consistent basis and find deeper satisfaction in your daily work as a manual therapist.
These may seem like lofty goals when it comes to the simple act of earning massage CEs, but when you are able to find a skilled educator and a thorough course that has been designed well, it is possible to begin achieving these very goals and more. Here, we will provide a brief introduction to the work of educator and practitioner Erik Dalton, who is the creator of Myoskeletal Alignment Techniques (MAT). Dalton has developed a catalog of programs that take place both in person and via remote learning methods, giving massage therapists and bodyworkers all over the world the opportunity to earn massage CEs and take their careers to the next level by completing these classes.
The first question many folks may ask is this: What is myoskeletal alignment therapy? Of course, if you are considering using your upcoming massage CEs as a route toward learning more about MAT, this question is a great place to begin. Myoskeletal alignment therapy is a modality that Dalton created out of his own rich experience and education in a wide variety of relevant topics, such as Rolfing® and manipulative osteopathic approaches to pain management that stem from scientific research. In fact, Dalton counts Ida P. Rolf, Philip Greenman, DO, and Vladimir Janda, MD, among his primary influences in the development of MAT.
One of the main premises of MAT is that the body’s myofascial and skeletal systems are inseparable, and what affects one always affects the other. Therefore, the primary focus of MAT is the treatment of stubborn pain conditions via the hands-on process of mobilizing joints through muscle manipulation. Learning these breakthrough approaches to the common and not-so-common issues and conditions that your clients present can be the foundation of creating a highly successful practice. Those who enroll to earn massage CEs through one of Dalton’s in-person seminars or remote learning programs will quickly see how these deep tissue massage techniques can take one’s career toward the lucrative and rewarding realm of orthopedic massage and medical massage.
Along with earning any necessary massage CEs, manual therapists who sign up for an on-site class or remote learning program developed by Dalton and his team can expect to learn a vast array of much-needed skills and techniques, from efficient assessment methods to special Myoskeletal Receptor Techniques that can help break neurological pain cycles. Among the other areas of focus for MAT classes are how to assess and correct muscle imbalance patterns; how to safely integrate Golgi tendon, ligament friction, facet recoil, assisted stretching and muscle spindle techniques; how to treat dural drag at the occiput, C2 and coccyx; and much more.
MAT also teaches manual therapists six dynamic ways to identify and correct conditions such as sciatica, lumbago, scoliosis, dowager’s hump, rib dysfunction, carpal tunnel, rotator cuff injuries, forward head postures and thoracic outlet syndrome, among other issues and conditions. It is not difficult to see how possessing such skills could be a huge boon to one’s practice and regular income, via more satisfied clients, longer-lasting results, better word of mouth and increased referrals from other health care practitioners, such as medical doctors, chiropractors and physical therapists.
In the end, MAT serves as a modality that can help you take your clients to a new and improved level of health, by finally providing them with relief from their pain—and doing so in a way that does not involve prescription pain medicine or invasive surgery. Even for those clients who have had to undergo surgery and take medication for their pain, a skilled MAT practitioner may be able to ease and enhance the process of rehabilitation.
Whether you just received your massage certification or are simply pondering a career in the field of professional massage therapy and bodywork, you may be on a quest to explore the different facets of this broad industry. For those who only recently graduated from a manual therapy school, the question of what is myoskeletal alignment therapy may be one you are asking as you consider a more specialized direction for your career. If you are wondering about Myoskeletal Alignment Techniques (MAT), which is another name for myoskeletal alignment therapy, prior to enrolling in your massage education, then you may be getting a head start in shaping a touch therapy career that is directed more toward medical massage than the relaxation model of massage that is taught in so many schools.
In order to find out exactly what is myoskeletal alignment therapy, the place to begin is not secondary sources but with the creator of MAT, Erik Dalton. Founder of the Freedom From Pain Institute in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Dalton developed this rich, well-researched and thoroughly tested tool box of deep tissue massage techniques in an effort to help people better manage and alleviate all kinds of pain, particularly the stubborn pain patterns that tend to affect people for long periods of time and, in turn, take a toll on their quality of life. For example, MAT comprises specific massage techniques for back pain that can assist clients in gaining relief from this all too common and powerful type of pain.
As you look further into the question of what is myoskeletal alignment therapy, you will find that relief from back pain is just one in a long line of potential benefits that MAT can bring for client issues and conditions of all kinds. Among the many other scenarios Dalton has developed MAT techniques to address are sciatica, lumbago, scoliosis, dowager’s hump, rib dysfunction, carpal tunnel syndrome, rotator cuff injuries, forward head postures and thoracic outlet syndrome, to name a few. These breakthrough therapeutic approaches aim to treat soft tissue pain that spans the spectrum of conditions. MAT works to address these persistent pain patterns by mobilizing joints through muscle manipulation.
Of course, an answer to an inquiry that asks what is myoskeletal alignment therapy could not be complete without at least mentioning the fact that MAT also encompasses effective methods for assessing clients. A thorough and proper evaluation structure is crucial for the manual therapist who hopes to achieve results. After all, if one cannot identify or at least form a reasonable hypothesis or two for what is causing the client’s pain, it will be tough to bring any lasting relief. It is important for the professional massage therapist or bodyworker who practices MAT to be able to feel confident in finding the true source of the issue or condition, rather than be distracted by flashy symptoms that lead the therapist in the direction of temporary, rather than long term, solutions.
In order to continue gaining a better understanding of what is myoskeletal alignment therapy, it may be helpful to consider the contexts in which MAT may be used. This signature modality exists toward the more clinical end of the manual therapy spectrum. For example, many practitioners may choose to focus their education on MAT to build a practice that centers on massage for sports therapy or orthopedic massage. These folks may end up opening their own independent clinics or go to work for hospitals, physical therapists, chiropractors, orthopedic doctors and other medical professionals. The common thread for the MAT practitioner tends to be the nature of the clients who are coming in, whether on their own or through medical referrals. In general, these are going to be clients who are significantly motivated to find relief from their pain, often after exhausting several other avenues of both traditional and complementary care.
While this article provides only a small glimpse of an answer to the question what is myoskeletal alignment therapy, a tour through Erik Dalton’s extensive website or a look at his continuing education offerings should deliver a deeper understanding of MAT and its importance in the realm of manual therapy for pain management.
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Discover new approaches in treating lower body pain conditions including sciatica, piriformis syndrome, runner’s knee, SI joint spasm, pelvic floor dysfunction, rib torsion, hamstring tears, shin splints and plantar fasciitis. Earn 32 CE. Save 25% on the Lower Body Course this week only. Offer expires August 22nd. Click the button below for more information and to purchase the course for 32 CE hours and a certificate of completion to display in your office. BONUS: When you purchase the home study course, receive the eCourse for free! | <urn:uuid:6a06d463-01c8-4979-a3dd-0306f9c601b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://erikdalton.com/blog/massage-ces-can-lead-increased-career-satisfaction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.941162 | 1,831 | 1.554688 | 2 |
‘Are we looking after our soils?’
As soon as you enter the House of Commons you get a buzz. There are lots of people engaged in conversation and the sense of being at the centre of government is palpable. The further you enter into the myriad of rooms you can understand the huge expense that will be involved in any refurbishment.
We are in committee room 19, but there are many other meetings indicated on the display boards and you realise the difficulty any campaign will have making an impact. The presentations go down really well; I focus on the biological variability of soils and the problems of establishing robust soil health indicators as well as introducing the Soil Security Programme. Jack Hennan from Cranfield University describes the physical variability of soils and the limitations of national monitoring. The final speaker is Helen Browning from the Soil Association who presents seven ways we can improve soils.
After drinks about twenty of us have a sit down dinner and Stephen Metcalfe MP the Chairman of the Parliamentary and Science Committee opens the debate ‘Are we looking after our soil’. After 30 minutes of vigorous conversation where a number of soil threats are highlighted (e.g. growing unsuitable crops such as maize, the problems of sustainable management associated with short term tenancies), we search for a single action to recommend. A commitment to increase organic matter in arable fields by 20% is proposed by Helen Browning. While we can all see pitfalls in this we recognise it as a clear ambition that will have a beneficial outcome.
Visit the Soil Security Programme website | <urn:uuid:0e3abb9f-a29f-44a3-abf0-80134cf69f3a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogs.reading.ac.uk/geography-and-environmental-science/?p=495 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.940237 | 318 | 2.125 | 2 |
Andrew Marsh, FIMI, Engineering Director at Ezi-Methods, provides his view on automotive consumerism and the potential effects on the industry post-COVID.
Welcome to the end of things! Fresh out of more than two years of unparalleled economic disruption, not everywhere is suffering from an almighty economic downturn fuelled by profligate spending by the ruling elite. Yet, the automotive business, for the most part, faces ruin.
Let’s dig a bit deeper.
Europe decided to push for never-ending reductions in tailpipe emissions, introducing not only member state-level tax incentives but also a direct tax on vehicle manufacturers for each gram of Carbon Dioxide emitted over the fleet average target. The tax was planned for 2019, and after lobbying by ACEA failed to stop this, most vehicle manufacturers got on with compliance.
The result was, in effect, doubling product variants – a mix of internal combustion engine powertrains with mild electric hybrid assistance through to pure electric powertrains for Europe and other – more profitable – mixes for non-European markets. The USA woke up and liked what it saw – and the campaign migrated. Indeed, most major vehicle manufacturer home markets expressed intent to adopt the EU emission control model.
Just before March 2020, there were a series of fires and electrical outages that severely damaged the supply of microprocessors – especially the older products favoured by the vehicle manufacturers and their component suppliers. The production issues that arose were not easily fixed. The pandemic led directly to the first major strategic error, where most vehicle manufacturers simply stopped – including orders for microprocessors. Yet demand for consumer goods, which also tended to use the same legacy microprocessors, boomed during the lockdowns.
When the long haul back to production began, the mistake was revealed. In effect, the microprocessor production slots had already been sold to other customers. Literally, key components became scarce. The lockdowns rolled on…
Planning and the great unplanned events
Leading up to 2019, vehicle manufacturers planned to build enough ‘electrified’ vehicles to boost their image and negate or even eliminate EU tax penalties. This required new commodities such as traction motors, traction batteries, power controllers and cooling systems for the high voltage components.
The whole process was kicked off during the early years of this century, culminating in the Euro VI disaster, which demonstrated the chaos legislators could unleash. The crisis deepened by 2015 when the first contract failures for traction batteries emerged, leaving major manufacturers with planned production and no way to complete it. For example, Mercedes-Benz EQC production was limited for three years because the company had simply failed to buy enough battery cells at the right time.
Vehicle manufacturers discovered their offer to pay for goods, and services did not have the same clout as other companies ahead of them in the queue for finite resources. Meanwhile, the plan rumbled on.
By March 2020, the very time most of the electrified product was supposed to reach the market in Europe, the lockdown season began. The new car market tanked, stock was piled up everywhere, and the big campaigns to promote this new product line were left in tatters. The change since then? The products planned years ago just keep arriving, and the market confusion simply deepens.
Critically, Tesla took a different path. They used off-the-peg semiconductors frequently found inside computers and smartphones to avoid the trap of being tied to older production facilities – they pursued sourcing flexibility rather than saving fractions of a cent. In addition, Tesla had the biggest traction battery order book outside of China and established a partnership with Panasonic. There were component shortages, but the effect was minimal compared to their peers.
The biggest automotive market in the world
For a few years, China has overtaken the USA as the biggest automotive market in the world, and yet…. there has been surprisingly little innovation. Automotive technology transfer to China has been underway for more than three decades. The huge drive to sell pure electric vehicles is more about the fastest practical way to alter air quality in the overheated Eastern city economies rather than saving the planet.
We are now exposed to vehicle designs that have more to do with the target audience in China than in our markets. Tell-tales include shots of the rear passenger seat (more important than the front seats in China), excess ‘surface entertainment’ both inside and out, along with an emphasis on connectivity. The latest generation of BMW 7 series, the scene-setter for the whole range, has an electronic screen ‘plank’ option nailed to the headliner, like a refugee from McDonald’s. Understated class?
The China market has been famous for endlessly benchmarking products, and recycling perceived successful ideas in the hope of success. After four decades of this formula, it has yet to succeed outside of China.
The flurry of ‘electrification’ hides both ambitious and not-so-ambitious products, which means each launch dilutes instead of builds. There are the endless reviews from ‘influencers’ who promote or destroy each new vehicle as it arrives on a whim.
One example. Volvo XC40 is available with MHEV, PHEV and also EV. The latter – Volvo XC40 P8 Recharge – is based on the same steering, suspension, brakes, bodyshell and safety systems as the other versions. The damming review? ‘It feels like an ICE conversion’. Well, it is, and it carries 400kg more weight, which makes the ride easier to optimise. No excuse, really.
This illustrates the problem. Each model family takes between 18 months and seven years to create, and if the number of models is doubled, and those models have to appear close together…, shortcuts have been taken. The danger is this bulge of product will appear to be indistinguishable. New car? New phone? New fridge freezer? Even though one of these products typically weighs more than 1200kg, has upwards of 25000 components, and has more computing power than anything else we own, it is the car that is relegated to a ‘blank’.
The question: Is the confusion an opportunity?
If you would like to contact Andrew, please email him at firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:1f5225c9-3117-4861-8eec-d2f2cd6a41d3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://atfpro.co.uk/dripping-in-new-product-and-consumer-fatigue/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.963584 | 1,310 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Not made here
It is little consolation to Mexicans that the slump is not their fault this time
AFTER suffering unprecedented drug-related violence and the swine-flu outbreak, Mexicans must feel they have already had a year's worth of bad news. Yet on May 20th they were hit by another blow: the government said that the economy had shrunk by 5.9%, seasonally adjusted, in the first quarter of 2009, four times the predicted fall in Latin America as a whole. The grim figure leaves no doubt that serious pain awaits in the form of increased poverty and unemployment.
Unlike many past economic crises, the latest one does not bear a “made in Mexico” label. Instead, it is the nation's close integration with the United States that has left it worse off than its Latin American peers. Exports across the Rio Grande are equivalent to a fifth of Mexico's GDP, and have fallen by 36% in the past year as demand on the other side has collapsed.
Moreover, American multinationals have frozen their foreign-investment budgets and are repatriating their Mexican offshoots' earnings to their cash-starved corporate parents, causing capital flight and a depreciation of the peso. That has starved the country's relatively shallow financial system of liquidity, which in turn has choked off consumer credit. Remittances from migrant workers in America have also declined. “This global crisis seems especially designed to hurt Mexico,” laments Raúl Feliz of CIDE, a think-tank.
The second quarter is unlikely to provide much comfort. Authorities virtually shut down Mexico City for a week at the end of April to control the flu outbreak. Even now that the virus has been shown to be less dangerous than feared, the negative publicity it generated has cast a pall over the country's tourism industry, which is its third-biggest source of foreign exchange and employs 2m people. The government expects tourism revenues to drop by up to 30% this year.
The unemployment rate has risen from 3.6% to 5.3% over the past year. And for every two Mexicans without a job, there are three who are underemployed. These figures will rise further as job opportunities in the United States dry up. Since Mexico lacks unemployment insurance, the ranks of its poor are thus expected to swell. Although the government does provide welfare payments, adding huge numbers of new recipients to the rolls will take time.
The conservative administration of President Felipe Calderón announced fiscal-stimulus measures last year in anticipation of the recession. But those outlays now seem modest given the magnitude of the crisis. And unlike the governments of richer countries, Mexico's has little freedom to borrow-and-spend its way out of recession. Although its debt load is a mere one-third of GDP, less than half the OECD average, its weak capacity to generate revenue spooks bondholders. Federal taxes are worth less than 10% of GDP, with volatile oil revenues accounting for about another 5%—and those proceeds are expected to fall dramatically in 2010, after the state energy company's contracts to hedge its output at above-market prices expire.
With the government's options limited, Mexico's economic destiny is more or less in the hands of its northern neighbour. Although that has been a curse so far, many economists say it may soon become a blessing, since the United States is expected to begin its recovery faster than Europe or Japan. Even so, making up all the ground Mexico has lost will not be easy. According to Alejandro Villagómez of the Technological Institute of Monterrey, the economy will probably need up to four years to return to its long-term growth trend-line in the absence of big reforms. That is far too slow for Mr Calderón, who will be held to account by disgruntled voters in legislative elections in July.
This article appeared in the The Americas section of the print edition under the headline "Not made here"
From the May 30th 2009 edition
Discover stories from this section and more in the list of contentsExplore the edition
It will exacerbate the island’s fuel and power shortages
Guatemala arrests a crusading journalist
Voters are once again turning to politicians who promise radical change | <urn:uuid:e3352839-d5b3-49e4-a5b5-23c18768bcc9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2009/05/28/not-made-here | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.963999 | 870 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Tip #255: Say What You Mean
Most landlords go out of their way to make lease agreements and house rules that are clear and concise, and leave no room for misinterpretation. But, if you using the term “nonrefundable” with the word “deposit”, you may be asking for problems.
That’s because “deposit” implies that the funds are to be returned. When you say “nonrefundable deposit”, your tenant hears, “I’m going to hold on to your money, and then not give it back to you.”
This is particularly confusing for tenants when you mention both fees and deposits in the same conversation, or in the lease agreement.
Rather than using “nonrefundable” anything, consider simply calling the charge a “fee” — application fee, late fee, early termination fee, pet fee. That can save you loads of time and trouble debating the language with disgruntled tenants.
For good measure, check your local laws for any restrictions on fees — or deposits — that can be charged to tenants.
|American Apartment Owners Association | Company Website |
Rental property management can be very demanding. Our job is to make this day-to-day property management process smoother. AAOA provides a host of services ranging from tenant screening to landlord rental application forms and contractor directory to apartment financing. | <urn:uuid:d910b20a-6208-4538-b3af-d79ffacf4f71> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.lpmmags.com/landlord-quick-tip-255/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.910833 | 299 | 1.507813 | 2 |
At the most basic level, our brains perceive stimuli through the five senses—seeing, hearing, touching, tasting, and smelling. Studies show that most people learn best and retain the most information when ideas are presented in a multisensory fashion. Novice teachers are often advised to let the wisdom of Confucius guide their planning: “I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand.”
According to the second Landmark Teaching Principles™, Multisensory Teaching is effective for all students. In general, it means presenting all information to students via three sensory modalities: visual, auditory, and tactile. Visual presentation techniques include graphic organizers for structuring writing and pictures for reinforcing instruction; auditory presentation techniques include conducting thorough discussions and reading aloud; tactile presentation techniques include manipulating blocks and creating paragraphs about objects students can hold in their hands. Overall, implementing a multisensory approach to teaching is not difficult; in fact, many teachers use such an approach. It is important, however, to be aware of the three sensory modes and to plan to integrate them every day.
When teaching remotely, creating multisensory lessons can be a challenge that seems impossible when students are learning via a computer screen. However, engaging the senses is still a vital part of instructional design for not only students with specific learning disabilities, but for all students. Although teachers cannot create space for students to physically touch and manipulate items during remote lessons, they can create opportunities, using popular programs like Flippity or Quizlet, for students to use their senses in a new way as a means to learn new information. A demonstration of some features of Flippity can be viewed below.
For the full text of Landmark’s Six Teaching Principles™, including “Use Multisensory Approaches,” click here.
Mathematics: Sorting Numbers
This is a hands-on activity in which students categorize numbers (positive/negative) to reinforce their understanding of vocabulary.Download
English / Language-Arts: Paragraph Manipulatives
In this activity, students read sentences silently or aloud and physically move them into the correct order.Download
General Classroom Strategy: Use Multisensory ApproachesDownload
Let us know what you think! Email firstname.lastname@example.org to share your thoughts and strategies. | <urn:uuid:0602fac8-0b58-446e-ade6-2e68e63f1149> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.landmarkoutreach.org/strategies/use-multisensory-approaches/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.933937 | 486 | 4.5 | 4 |
A person who is required to act in your best interest with prudence, diligence, skill, and loyalty. In financial situations, this means a fiduciary is required to make financial decisions that are in your best interest, rather than their own.
Financial Advisors focus on investment products, including stocks, bonds, and mutual funds. They also manage portfolios, deliver financial plans, recommend investments, are securities licensed, and help monitor financial performance versus goals over the long term.
Financial planners deliver financial plans, which you can initiate on your own or through a financial advisor. This service also includes ongoing reviews and guidance. Financial planners are like architects who design a house—they can create the plan, but you need to hire the contractors to build it.
A number of professions in the financial services industry, including insurance agents, accountants, investment managers, financial planners, and financial advisors.
An insurance policy issued by an insurance company that guarantees a minimum interest and insures you will be paid a steady income for a certain time period or for as long as you live, depending on the option you select. Fixed annuities guarantee that you will not lose any of the money in your annuity when investment markets lose money.
Fixed Deferred Annuity
A fixed annuity where you can delay your payments until a future date and you do not pay income taxes on the interest you earn until you decide to take payments from your annuity.
Fixed Indexed Annuity
A fixed indexed annuity is a type of deferred annuity that earns interest based on changes in a market index. For example, a stock market index is a measurement of a section of the stock market and it is calculated from the price of the selected stocks.
Fixed Rate Annuity
A type of deferred annuity that earns a rate of interest that is determined by the insurance company. The rate is fixed and won’t change during a stated period of time, typically one, three, or five years.
Free Look Period
An annuity contract or life insurance policy provision that allows the contract owner to return the policy for a full refund if they do not want the policy. This period varies by state and is typically between 10 and 30 days.
Early withdrawal of a portion of your money without having to pay a fee to the insurance company you bought the annuity from. The maximum withdrawal is usually up to 10 percent of the value, but may vary by insurance carrier. A 10 percent federal tax penalty may apply to annuity withdrawals before age 59 ½, in addition to ordinary income taxes.
Full Retirement Age
The age at which a person may become entitled to full or unreduced retirement benefits. | <urn:uuid:da3eb0e2-11c9-45b0-b19e-16bd2a004795> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://retirementwellspent.com/retirement-101/glossary/f | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.955472 | 570 | 2.25 | 2 |
(Me reporting in Nairobi)
I was in Kenya for the election in August.
The day of the election and for a few days after, most places were closed and most people were holed up in their homes watching the election play out on the news and on social media.
The network news only reported on the results and the leaders’ opinions of those results. One candidate said that it was rigged and mishandled. The supreme court later agreed with him.
Meanwhile, friends who lived in slum communities across Nairobi were sending me pictures via WhatsApp of people who had been shot and killed by the police, or taken out of their homes and beaten.
None of this was on the news.
Some images on Twitter and Facebook offered two very different pictures. There were the ones showing mass violence and others mass peace. The truth was somewhere in the middle, unknowable, and unreported by Kenyan media. When international reporters on the ground shared what was happening, they were instantly attacked for trying to insight more violence. Fake news! Fake news!
The New York Times reported that the same thing is happening in Myanamar and hundreds of thousands of Rohingya are paying the price:
Violence against the Rohingya has been fueled, in part, by misinformation and anti-Rohingya propaganda spread on Facebook, which is used as a primary news source by many people in the country. Doctored photos and unfounded rumors have gone viral on Facebook, including many shared by official government and military accounts.
BuzzFeed reported on what fake news looks like in Myanmar:
YANGON, Myanmar — Harry Myo Lin’s problems started with a photo on Facebook.
The picture showed Harry, who is Muslim, posing with a female friend who is Buddhist. Somehow, an account belonging to a Buddhist nationalist group found it and reposted it with a caption that would put a target on Harry’s back.
It claimed that Harry, a soft-spoken 26-year-old who runs a nonprofit that works to promote religious tolerance, had “seduced” the woman and was converting her to Islam.
“They wrote it like it was a news story — like, here is this Muslim guy and the Buddhist girl he is trying to convert and bring to the beach,” said Harry. “It’s easy to say it wasn’t calling for violence — but when people share it, there were comments saying, ‘Muslims like him should be killed.’”
In a world of fakes news, what is truth? And without an agreed upon, reliable source, and trust in that source, is democracy possible?
Honestly, I’m not sure.
Somehow the photos of the dead and wounded in Kenya sent by my friends automatically populated the photos folders on my phone and computer. So that even today when I scroll through looking for a photo, there’s a picture of a man with an exploded head. To delete it requires stopping over it and taken it all in again. So I scroll.
Sometimes when we are confronted with the truth, it’s easier to look away. | <urn:uuid:4e499c96-c314-4a9c-aba5-62aace049aa4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://whereamiwearing.com/2017/11/fake-news-even-worse-in-developing-countries/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.979071 | 652 | 1.578125 | 2 |
C51000 Phosphor Bronze "5% A"
EN equivalent: CuSn5
ASTM B139, QQ-B750, SAE J461
C510 Phosphor Bronze alloy possesses a higher yield strength than is readily available in most cast products. Typical applications for phosphor bronze include bearings, bushings, gears, pinions, shafts, thrust washers, and valve parts. C51000 Phosphor bronze can be readily brazed or soldered. The capacity for being cold worked is good.
Typical Uses for C51000 Phosphor Bronze "5% A":
ARCHITECTURE: Bridge Bearing Plates
ELECTRICAL: Switch Parts, Electromechanical Spring Components, Resistance Wire, Electrical Flexing Contact Blades, Electrical Connectors, Electronic Connectors, Wire Brushes, Electronic and Precision Instrument Parts, Fuse Clips
FASTENERS: Lock Washers, Fasteners, Cotter Pins
INDUSTRIAL: Bellows, Textile Machinery, Perforated Sheets, Chemical Hardware, Truss Wire, Springs, Sleeve Bushings, Diaphragms, Clutch Disks, Bourdon Tubes, Beater Bar, Welding Rods, Pressure Responsive Elements | <urn:uuid:79a6c670-9f8c-4f38-8a57-8b83aadaf165> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.avivametals.com/collections/square-bar/products/c51000-phosphor-bronze-5-a | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.788912 | 267 | 1.601563 | 2 |
With the financial situation getting tighter every other day worldwide, debts may become almost impossible. However, with a good plan, commitments, and self-discipline, you can clear your debts.
Student loans, credit debt, mortgages, personal and home equity loans- name them all; are some of the commonest debts tying people today. Sadly, some people cannot pay off their existing debts and keep adding more, making them slaves to their lenders. Are you one of them? Worry not; with a good plan, commitment, and self-discipline, you can clear off all your debts, attaining financial freedom. Here are some easy but manageable tips that will help you pay off debts.
1. Work With a Budget
One of the commonest reasons people end up being debtors, even for unnecessary debts, is impulse spending. This refers to the tendency of buying everything and anything that impresses you, even if it’s not in the budget. Although this practice can be deeply ingrained, you can be free of it. The easiest way to do this is working with a budget; sit down toward the end of the month and write down what you have versus what you need. Plan your income and compare it with your expenses, and by tracking the two, you will have enough to pay off any existing debts and avoid new ones. If you find it challenging to make your budget, try a budgeting app and make things easier for yourself.
2. Clear Off the Most Expensive of Debts
In some cases, you may have more than one debt. For such situations, clearing the most expensive debts is the best way to go. Check all your credit cards and sort them in descending order, so you know the most expensive and the cheapest debts. As you pay the largest debt, you boost your annual repayment, ultimately increasing your credit points.
3. Seek Professional Help
Paying off debts is not about how much you earn but your spending habits. Interestingly, you might come across people with the largest-figure earnings, yet they have mired in debts their whole lives. Contrastingly, you will also come across people who barely earn anything, but because of good spending habits, are living a debt-free life. So then, streamlining your spending practices goes a long way to help you avoid debts and clear the existing ones. Besides, professional organizations like credit.org provide professional advice to make whoever needs it financially literate. Such bodies can help you streamline your expenditure and pay off your debts.
4. Get the Entire Family Involved
One common financial crisis in families is pulling the burden by yourself. Simply put, it’s a situation whereby one family member is involved in all the financial matters, and the rest only spend. This is dangerous, and if you are going to clear the debts you have fast, you have to involve all the members. It really doesn’t matter how much savings you have if your family members keep spending and borrowing without regard for your debt repayment strategy. In contrast, bringing the entire family on board and discussing everything about your debts helps them ensure self-discipline in their spending and even come through to help you.
5. Go Higher Than the Minimum Payment
Although every credit card has a minimum amount one should pay every month, it doesn’t mean that you can pay more than that figure. Therefore, one strategy that people employ to clear debts is going above the minimum every month. Remember, the longer you take to repay your debts, the more expensive it gets. Consequently, topping up your payment and going above the minimum every month helps you pay less in the long run.
6. Stop Credit-spending
Purchasing stuff using credit cards may come with incentives from time to time, which is why credits are on the rise. Therefore, one effective way to pay off debts and avoid new ones is to avoid using credit cards. Instead, use cash even if you will not get incentives. However, if you have to purchase items with credit cards, ensure your financial status is in control since every time you buy something, your debts keep accumulating.
7. Renegotiate Your Credit Card Debts
Like any other flexible business, credit card debts are negotiable. What’s more, just a phone call can take you far when it comes to renegotiating your credit card debts, otherwise called credit settlement. Start by reviewing your credit and payment history, and with everything on point, call the lenders and ask for a lower interest. If that’s not possible, ask for a waiver, and if that too fails, pay the full amount once, and you won’t have spent so much still. In fact, paying a lump sum amount has proven to be cheaper than the recurring monthly installments.
8. Employ a Debt Repayment App
If you know your debt details, including the outstanding debt, the stipulated repayment period, the rates you are charged, you can pay off your debts easily. It even gets better if you have information about the offers your lenders have if you follow a particular repayment plan, an advantage a debt repayment will offer you. Remember, you download the app once, but use it for as long as you want to get assistance repaying your debts.
9. Take Advantage of Deals
Deals are some of the greatest economic saviors you can have around. Please take advantage of them and cut down your expenses to save extra pence to settle your debts. For instance, do your shopping stores offer deals at particular times, say mid and end the month? Time these deals and reduce your spending.
10. Diversify Your Income
Inflation is real, and currencies keep losing their value. Yet, the economic situation keeps getting tighter every other day, and you have to spend more on commodities. The best way to meet your financial needs amidst all this is to diversify your income. If you depended on one job, you could consider working for two or more jobs or taking a part-time job. Interestingly, you may never know the value of the $50 you earn from extra income.
Debts are becoming almost impossible as living standards become expensive every day. However, if you are committed to paying debts, are well-disciplined, and have a debt repayment strategy, you can settle your debts. Some ways of doing so include having a budget, taking advantage of deals, paying more than the minimum credit amount every month, involving the entire family in financial decisions, and paying the most expensive debts fast to boost your credit points. | <urn:uuid:3dcdfaad-92e5-48e7-9b76-80c5335fe1b3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://gasbuddytogo.com/the-10-most-effective-ways-on-clearing-debts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.962629 | 1,346 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Canada’s education system is widely recognized as one of the world’s best due to its top-notch infrastructure, curriculum, and teachers. As a result, teaching jobs in Canada are well-respected, coveted positions that often come with high salaries and benefits. However, most provinces and territories have a shortage of qualified teachers and increasingly require newcomers to fill in-demand roles.
Whether you recently qualified as a teacher abroad or have taught in your home country for several years, moving to Canada can open a whole new world of opportunities for you. In this article, we explore immigration programs you can leverage to immigrate to Canada as a teacher, the provincial teaching certification process, and in-demand teaching jobs in Canada.
In this article:
- Reasons to move to Canada as a teacher
- Immigration programs for internationally-qualified teachers
- How to work in Canada as a foreign-trained teacher
- In-demand jobs for teachers in Canada
- How much money do teachers make in Canada?
- Should you move to Canada as an internationally-qualified teacher?
Newcomers from across the globe choose to immigrate to Canada in search of a better quality of life and more lucrative opportunities. As an internationally-trained teacher, Canada can be an attractive country to settle in for various reasons, including:
Shortage of skilled teachers at all levels of education
Whether you teach kindergarten or university students, you can find available jobs at your teaching level in Canada. The shortage of teachers and substitute teaching staff is most prominent in British Columbia (B.C.), Ontario, Saskatchewan and Alberta.
Teaching is an in-demand job in most Canadian provinces
No matter which Canadian province or territory you plan to live in, qualified teachers will likely be in high demand. Since there aren’t enough domestically-trained teachers to meet the local labour market needs, many provinces invite internationally-qualified teachers as permanent residents (PR) to help bridge skill gaps. The fact that teachers are highly sought after also makes it easier for qualified newcomer teachers to find jobs in Canada soon after their arrival.
Teachers earn higher salaries in Canada compared to other countries
According to 2021 OECD data, salaries for experienced primary and secondary school teachers in Canada are the third highest in the world, after Luxembourg and Germany. Although average salaries vary by province, teaching level, and years of experience, most newcomer teachers earn more in Canada than they did in their home countries.
Canada welcomes newcomers with the skills and education needed to bridge critical skill gaps by allowing them to apply for permanent residence. There are several immigration programs you can choose from to immigrate to Canada permanently as a teacher.
Federal Skilled Worker (FSW) program
The Federal Skilled Worker (FSW) Express Entry program is one of the most popular immigration programs for skilled professionals in Canada. Under Express Entry, applicants are selected for PR based on their Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) score rather than their occupation.
Your CRS score will depend on factors such as your age, education, work experience, language proficiency, and more. You can also qualify for additional points if you have a valid Canadian job offer, a provincial nomination (see below section on PNP), or prior Canadian education or work experience. While you won’t get any bonus points under the FSW program for being a teacher, getting an Invitation to Apply (ITA) under this category will give you the flexibility of living in the province or territory of your choice.
Many Canadian provinces have their own PNP programs that allow them to nominate applicants who best meet their labour market needs. Depending on the province you want to move to, you may be able to apply for PNP directly or through the federal Express Entry program.
Some provinces account for the National Occupation Classification (NOC) code/s of your past work experience, and you will have a better chance of qualifying for PR if the province is looking for teachers at your level.
It’s important to note provincial labour requirements change over time. As a teacher, here are some PNP streams and draws you should track.
|Province||PNP streams for teachers|
|Newfoundland and Labrador||
|Prince Edward Island|
Atlantic Immigration Program (AIP)
The Atlantic Immigration Program (AIP) is a federal program that allows skilled foreign workers and international students who studied in Canada to settle permanently in one of Canada’s Atlantic provinces: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick (NB), Prince Edward Island (PEI), or Newfoundland and Labrador (NL).
Although the AIP doesn’t prioritize teachers over other professionals, you may qualify for the program if you have at least 1,560 hours of paid employment in the last five years (around 30 hours per week for one year) and meet the language requirements.
One of the main requirements of the Atlantic Immigration Program is a job offer from an Atlantic Canada employer. You can only qualify for a teaching job after being licensed by the province. This means you will need to get a provincial teaching certificate before applying for PR through the AIP.
This list is not exhaustive and, depending on your situation, you may qualify for other immigration programs as well. Download our guide on immigrating to Canada for more information.
Before starting your teaching career in Canada, you must meet some basic requirements. Each province/territory has its own requirements, but the ones listed below apply to most parts of Canada.
Get an Educational Credentials Assessment (ECA)
If you completed your studies outside Canada, you will need an Educational Credential Assessment (ECA) to review your foreign degrees or diplomas and verify that they are valid and equivalent to Canadian ones.
Kindergarten and elementary school teachers usually require the equivalent of undergraduate or bachelor’s degrees in education and child development. If you plan to teach at the secondary school level, you must have an undergraduate or bachelor’s degree in education, as well as in the subject you intend to teach in Canada. The qualification requirements for senior-level teaching positions, such as university professors, are higher and you may need a master’s or doctoral degree in your field.
Apply for a provincial teaching certificate and licence
Teaching is a regulated occupation in Canada and you must be licensed by a province or territory before you can work as a teacher. Luckily, you can start the teaching certification process before you arrive in Canada. It can take time to get certified, so be sure to apply to the College of Teachers or teaching regulatory body in your province/territory as soon as you decide where you want to settle.
In most provinces, you must submit your academic transcripts, a teaching certificate from your home country, and a statement of professional standing as part of your certification application. Once your application is approved, you will receive a Certificate of Qualification or a teaching certificate.
Some jobs in education may not require a teaching certificate. While each province/territory has its own list of exceptions, you may be able to teach in Canada without a Certificate of Qualification from your local regulator if you fall under one of the following categories:
- International language teacher
- English or French as a second language teachers. You may, however, require a Teacher of English/French as a Second Language (TESL/TFSL) certification.
- Adult continuing education teacher
- Early childhood, daycare, or Montessori teachers
- Music teachers
Prove you’re fit to teach
Most provinces and territories will require proof that you have good moral character before they grant you a teaching certificate. You may have to provide character references and criminal background check records from your home country or other regions where you previously worked or lived. You may also require positive professional references from your current or former employers in the field of education. Some provinces, like Ontario, also require you to complete a sexual abuse prevention program in order to qualify for certification.
Language proficiency in English and/or French
In most provinces and territories, except Quebec, English is the primary language of curriculum delivery. You will need to submit language test results, such as IELTS or CELPIP, to prove your proficiency in the English language. The minimum Canadian Language Benchmark (CLB) score to qualify may vary by province/territory. If you plan to teach in Quebec or a Francophone school in another province, you must be proficient in both English and French.
French teachers are in demand outside Quebec as well. Several provinces, including Ontario, offer public schooling in French. French language learning is also mandatory in some provinces, sometimes as early as Grade 1. To learn more, read our newcomer guide to the school system in Canada.
Teaching experience and familiarity with the Canadian curriculum
Although recent teaching experience is not required for getting a provincial teaching certificate, it’ll be useful when you start applying for teaching jobs in Canada.
Another important factor most provinces and territories look for is your familiarity with Canadian culture and curriculum. If your home country’s education system is significantly different from that in your Canadian province or territory, you may need to enrol for additional training in your region. This training program can take up to one year and typically includes some education-related courses and a supervised practicum.
Many provinces and territories require qualified teachers to meet local labour market needs. According to recent provincial and territorial data, the following teaching jobs are most in-demand across Canada:
|Province||In-demand teaching jobs|
|British Columbia (B.C.)||
|Newfoundland and Labrador||
|Prince Edward Island||
This list is based on in-demand jobs data published by various provinces and territories and recent PNP draws. Although some provinces, such as Ontario, haven’t included teaching NOCs on their in-demand jobs list, this may change once PNP draws resume at the pre-pandemic pace. It’s also important to note labour market needs may change over time. Read our in-demand jobs in Canada article series for more information on the scope of your occupation, average wages, and more.
Teaching is a highly paid profession in Canada. Average salaries for teachers in Canada vary by province, teaching level, and years of work experience. Wages are also typically higher in the territories to account for the high cost of living in these regions.
According to the Government of Canada’s Job Bank, elementary and kindergarten teachers (NOC 4032) usually earn between $24.04 and $52.75 per hour, with the median salaries for this teaching level being $43.75 in Ontario, $36.20 in British Columbia, and $55.48 in Nunavut.
High school or secondary school teachers (NOC 4031) in Canada earn between $26.92 and $53.85 per hour, with the median hourly pay being $47.12 in Ontario, $38.46 in B.C., and $55.43 in Nunavut.
College and vocational teachers (NOC 4021) typically earn between $18.19 and $58.53 per hour. The median hourly salaries for college teachers are $36.54 in Ontario, $42.31 in B.C., and $62.05 in Nunavut.
University professors or lecturers (NOC 4011) usually make between $24.62 and $76.92 per hour in Canada. In Ontario, the median hourly salary for university professors is $56.56, while in B.C. it is around $43.27.
School principals and administrators (NOC 0422) can expect to earn between $33.46 and $64.84 per hour in Canada, with the median hourly wage being $51.92 in Ontario, $48.08 in B.C., and $54.09 in Alberta.
Teachers are highly sought after in several Canadian provinces where the local supply of educators isn’t enough to meet the labour market needs. As an internationally-trained teacher, Canada’s immigration programs offer you an exciting, lucrative opportunity to move to Canada and settle permanently. Moreover, you can start your certification process even before your PR is approved, allowing you to land a teaching job soon after you arrive in Canada. | <urn:uuid:9c27e1e5-8633-4fb2-9dd7-0a16ec414530> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://arrivein.com/immigration/how-to-immigrate-to-canada-as-a-teacher/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.945477 | 2,645 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Commentary: Like Hurricane Katrina, COVID-19 Is an Opportunity for Change. From Curriculum to Attendance to Racial Inequities, Areas for Schools to Consider
The coronavirus pandemic brings back eerie memories for us from the days and weeks following Hurricane Katrina. Public schools are rapidly reconstructing a place for instruction. Societal inequities are being exacerbated. There’s no playbook. Yet there is an urgent, moral imperative to serve students and families.
This is both a crisis and an opportunity to pivot and change to meet the needs of students and families.
In 2005, New Orleans experienced devastation that opened the door to reinventing how public education was delivered. Today, just 8 percent of New Orleans public schools are in the bottom 10th of the state, compared with 62 percent before the hurricane.
Reinventing education after the pandemic doesn’t need to be an overhaul of school governance, as in New Orleans. The answer will be different in different communities and should be responsive to local values and aspirations.
Rethink curriculum and policies. For some districts, this could mean a shift toward competency-based learning.
Schools may work with their departments of education to rethink policies, i.e., changing the number of required days students must attend school. For others, it could be moving toward project-based assessments from traditional testing. Or building intergovernmental partnerships among schools, libraries and park districts to create better access to the internet, creative spaces and physical activity. The most important thing is for school systems to listen to families, students and staff and to answer the question of how best to seize this unprecedented opportunity. Returning to things just as they were may not be a good option.
Support mental health for school system staff and students. Creating a supportive culture is paramount to learning. Consider what adults and children are experiencing amid the pandemic that has shifted every part of normal life. After Katrina, our work in schools was rooted in a trauma-informed approach. Whether schools are remote or in-person, they should prioritize staff and student resources and access to mental health professionals.
Prepare for enrollment and attendance fluctuation. In the months to come, many families will have to make housing decisions while looking for work. Districts that already had high mobility will likely see that increase. After Katrina, we could not predict how many students we would have, when and at which schools, or how many students would need to transfer due to temporary housing. Remote learning will only exacerbate enrollment and attendance instability. Prepare internally tracking absenteeism, and monitor it closely, daily. Attendance matters for student achievement — and for funding. Plan resources with a great deal of flexibility for the coming year.
Work to address racial inequities. According to McKinsey & Co., “the average Black or Hispanic student remains roughly two years behind the average white one, and low-income students continue to be underrepresented among top performers,” which points to a widening of the achievement gap during the current pandemic. Plans for engaging students online, as well as strategies to identify and support students who aren’t logging on, are critical in virtual learning. Schools must build systems to assess where each student is academically and to catch them up on learning lost amid COVID-19.
Focus on a strong curriculum and professional development. After Katrina, we were able to make significant academic gains in the first few years from an emphasis on coaching teachers, heavily staffing key areas such as academic intervention and using disaster recovery funding to develop solid core curricula. Invest in high-quality, technology-enabled school models focused on engaging, developing and supporting teachers and other staff to lead transformative remote classrooms. This will require meeting your team where they are and supporting them as they shift delivery of instruction. Consider pairing teammates experienced with technology with those less experienced or comfortable. Celebrate the early adopters and take steps to support those who need it.
Advocate for funding adequacy and equity. Since Katrina and the initial school improvements, New Orleans has increased expectations for student achievement via an ambitious accountability system. That has been met by a plateau in school performance scores. The hurricane-related federal and philanthropic aid that poured into New Orleans has mostly dried up, and schools are forging ahead with funding levels that are not adequate relative to student needs. This is significant, because what Katrina taught us is that anything is possible for children when adequate resources exist. The current economic crisis will exacerbate pre-existing inequities. State budget shortfalls will impact the poorest districts the hardest, and racial and ethnic minority groups are being disproportionately affected by COVID-19, resulting in further inequities to already challenged communities. There needs to be collective urgency in addressing equity in public funding, both at the state level and within districts, as dollars get stretched further.
Governance and leadership matter now more than ever. The relationship between school leadership and board governance is especially critical now. Leveraging your board members and the resources they can bring to the table to serve schools is critical in crisis.The importance of clear and frequent communication between school leaders and boards is heightened due to the frequent updates and changes that schools experience each day during crises. Boards and leaders must agree on how schools are to move forward, and they must effectively explain their decisions to the communities they serve. In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, governance, especially in the charter school sector, was secondary to school leadership. Over time, New Orleans schools have grown to better understand the necessity of strong governance and how partnership is key in serving their communities. Now is the time for citizens to consider volunteering to serve on their local school boards and to become active advocates for increased resources needed to improve outcomes for students.
Kevin Guitterrez is governance director of the Louisiana Association of Public Charter Schools and was the founding chief academic officer of the Algiers Charter School Association. Carrie Stewart is co-founder and CEO of Afton Partners, an education finance consultancy, and was the founding chief operating officer of the Algiers Charter Schools Association.
Get stories like these delivered straight to your inbox. Sign up for The 74 Newsletter | <urn:uuid:f40edf51-a83b-4b63-b94c-268cffc5137c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.the74million.org/article/commentary-like-hurricane-katrina-covid-19-is-an-opportunity-for-change-from-curriculum-to-attendance-to-racial-inequities-areas-for-schools-to-consider/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.966369 | 1,245 | 2.53125 | 3 |
With three months of delay, the frigate “Helge Ingstad met” the Royal Norwegian Navy in their home port. However, not from our own strength, but on Board of the salvage ship “Boabarge 33”.
On may 8. November 2018, the Pride of the Navy had collided with the Tanker “Sola TS”. A number of difficult-to-understand breakdowns and carelessness on Board of the warship led to the accident. The “Helge Ingstad” had been shut down, among other things, the own positioning signal. Also, the helmsman should not have observed on the bridge, the positioning data of other ship and the Radar. They practiced the Navigating point of view, and in the case of this risky maneuver is another error happened to you: you saw the brightly-lit tankers, stopped him, however, for an Installation on the mainland.
The salvaged Norwegian frigate Helge Ingstad has been put on a floating dock (Boabarge 33) and will be transported to Haakonsvern naval base near Bergen. There, an assessment will be made whether the ship can be rebuilt or will be scrapped. pic.twitter.com/eXLh0Fap4t
— Hans de Vreij (@hdevreij) 3. March 2019
construction defects in the frigate
So it came to collision, and later the ship sank. To the rapid demise, in turn, of construction defects in the ship’s fault, concerning the whole class of frigates. It was not possible to limit the falling water as is actually provided to individual sections of the ship.
HNoMS Helge Ingstad salvage a success as the frigate arrives at Haakonsvern naval base https://t.co/Dj3UGmUDWq pic.twitter.com/lQ1Drpypt7
— TheEazyCadet (@CadetLazy) 4. March 2019
On the 26. February has begun, the ship’s first lift and heave on the van “Boabarge 33”.
warship “Helge Ingstad” backup to weak – Norwegian frigate sunk By Gernot Kramper
Previously, ammunition, missiles and torpedoes from the wreck were salvaged. The collision and the accompanied sinking of the ship were of terrible mishaps. The salvage operation itself went smoothly. “This is a great feeling. After we have moored in Haakonsvern, is the end of our Mission. The biggest Surprise of the good cooperation was, she was much better than expected,” said Penna of the salvage company Boa Management “There are many, make, now, well-deserved vacation.”
not Yet decided about the fate of the “Helge Ingstad”. In the photos, however, is to recognize that three months under water the ship visibly. The interior design, the machines and the generators and all of the electronics are likely to be over.
“Helge Ingstad” frigates-doom – crew mistook the Tanker with the mainland
Human error and a design error led to the sinking of the “Helge Ingstad”. The collision was caused by the crew, but after the collision, a construction error. | <urn:uuid:df156106-234f-4c4b-8930-5585fce88daf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bestgamesworld.com/helge-ingstad-norwegian-misfortune-frigate-recovered | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.945172 | 714 | 1.546875 | 2 |
How Are Felsic, Intermediate and Mafic Igneous Rocks Different?
Felsic, intermediate and mafic igneous rocks differ in their mineral composition. Felsic rocks are light in color and are composed of feldspars and silicates. Mafic rocks are darker and are composed of magnesium and iron. Intermediate rocks are composed of the minerals amphibole and feldspar and contain a combination of light and dark minerals.
Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling and crystallization of magma. The temperature of cooling determines which types of minerals are found in the rock and helps scientists classify the rock as felsic, intermediate or mafic. Rocks that begin their cooling at low temperatures are rich in minerals containing silicon, potassium and aluminum. High temperature igneous rocks contain minerals higher in calcium, sodium, iron and magnesium. Ultramafic rocks are a fourth classification of igneous rock. These rocks are rare on the Earth’s surface and contain low amounts of silica the minerals olivine, plagioclase feldspars and pyroxene.
The temperature of cooling igneous rock creates a difference in the texture of the rock. A gradual cooling of magma creates large crystals. Magma that cools fast produces smaller crystals. If volcanic magma cools very quickly on the Earth’s surface, obsidian glass is the result. Obsidian glass contains no crystalline structures. | <urn:uuid:f1f287eb-0550-45d6-8166-53bf67bcb9be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.reference.com/science/felsic-intermediate-mafic-igneous-rocks-different-e6ac83b45fd9a5c7 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.883389 | 300 | 3.90625 | 4 |
Compared with ordinary steel, the 14Cr1MoR boiler and pressure steel plate special steel has the following characteristics. First, the special steel has better physical properties, higher strength, stronger compressive strength, and better precision. Second, the special steel has better chemical properties, such as high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. Third, the composition of the special steel is more diversified, which can be synthesized by integrating other elements, such as alloy steel, high carbon steel, etc. Fourth, special steel is more flexible for processing.
A plasma cutter uses a stream of compressed gas (air, nitrogen, argon, etc.) and a consumable wire electrode as the two primary feedstocks of the steel cutting process. The electrode sends a high electrical charge through the gas, raising its temperature to the point of ionization to generate extremely hot plasma (~20,000°C). This plasma is directed through the cutting tip to create a highly focussed beam, with velocities approaching the speed of sound.
Safety production is the cornerstone of enterprise survival and development. The company established a safety management network, which achieved clear powers and responsibilities, clear responsibilities, effective management and control, and provided organizational guarantee for safe production. The company strictly complies with the "Environmental Protection Law", establishes an effective environmental protection emission control system and waste gas, waste water, waste solid recycling system, and makes great efforts to harden, lighten, green, and beautify the plant, and strive to build green steel enterprises.
The company specializes in hot rolled plates producing, steel plate processing, steel plates cutting, carbon steel plate weldding and exporting of wide and thick steel plates. BBN company has high-quality CNC 14Cr1MoR boiler and pressure steel plate steel plate cutting processing equipment, professional technical personnel, and supporting marketing and after-sales service system. Sincerely welcome new and old customers to visit our company, BBBN company will always be your reliable choice. | <urn:uuid:18dd8fcc-34eb-49a8-b1e4-be2d3a68d747> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://gbboilersteel.com/news/14cr1mor-boiler-and-pressure-steel-plate-welding-standards.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.912445 | 404 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Born into the family business, Alexandra joined her parents in Easter Island on her first expedition at just four months old. By the age of three, she had toured Africa, exploring Egypt, Tunisia, Uganda and Kenya in the arms of her father. While many of those memories are now out of reach, the experience of those expeditions with her father’s crew has shaped her sense of purpose, her connection to the ocean, and her love of adventure. She could swim before she could walk and was one of the few who learned to dive with SCUBA from Captain Cousteau himself at the tender age of seven. Her childhood friends were the sea creatures that inhabit the rocky shorelines of the south of France. The ocean has been her guide ever since.
While Alexandra continues to find inspiration in her family legacy, she has since become a globally recognized advocate on ocean issues in her own right. She las led countless expeditions to better understand the issues facing our oceans and explore our connection to freshwater resources that are so critical to the health and prosperity of human communities. In the search for a deeper understanding of the issues that face us today (and perhaps a bit of excitement), she continues to push the boundaries of discovery, adventure, and global problem solving. In the process, she has walked for water with women in Africa, rescued Humpback whales from entanglements, climbed mountains and explored glaciers, guarded Leatherback turtles laying their eggs from poachers and even been rescued from a 15-foot Tiger shark by a pod of dolphins.
Over the decades she has spent working for the protection of our water planet, Alexandra has mastered the remarkable storytelling tradition handed down to her and has the unique ability to inspire audiences on the weighty issues of policy, politics and action. She has met with heads of state, industry leaders, fisher communities, and NGOs around the world to find solutions to pressing ocean issues. She pioneered the idea of telling real time stories from her expeditions on social media when Facebook and Twitter were still in their infancy. In 2010, her 5-month expedition around North America was National Geographic’s first ever “interactive expedition”. By coupling traditional media tours and film with social media platforms, she has helped ocean conservation programs engage record audiences for action. She has been named a National Geographic Emerging Explorer, a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum, and has also received an honorary doctorate from Georgetown University, her alma mater.
Deeply saddened by the state of the oceans and the increasingly dire predictions for what would be left for her children to explore in 2050, Alexandra started developing the OCEANS 2050 initiative in October 2018. This initiative is a global program of ocean afforestation – restoring lost coastal habitats by designing, seeding and managing marine forests that provide habitat for marine life, reverse acidification and hypoxia, enhance coastal climate resilience and sequester CO2. This restoration mission in turn supports tourism and fishing jobs, helps mitigate climate change, creates wealth and meaningful jobs and provides food security for the planet’s growing population.
Alexandra also works closely with OCEANA as a Senior Advisor and has been deeply involved in Oceana’s campaigns to curb overfishing in the countries that control about one third of the world’s wild fish catch in order to win policy victories that can increase biodiversity in our oceans and deliver more seafood to the future. Oceana is the largest international advocacy organization focused solely on ocean conservation.Their offices around the world work together to win strategic, directed campaigns that achieve measurable outcomes that will help make our oceans more bio diverse and abundant.
Ultimately, Alexandra’s motivation is to help bring about a future for her children that is as abundant as the one she once knew. Her children, also ocean lovers, support her efforts 100%. | <urn:uuid:224c0a04-2b8b-4a16-9f50-cc40ffde8a4b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.alexandracousteau.com/about | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.97022 | 779 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Gene Duplication Is Not a Credible Source of Evolutionary Progress
May 6, 2022
Belief triumphs over facts in an evolutionist's claim that duplicate genes can evolve new functions.
Evolution of Pathogens Is Mostly Questions, Not Answers
September 13, 2021
Do evolutionists understand the origin of pathogens? Short answer: no. But there are non-Darwinian mechanisms at work.
Plant Wonders Inspire Awe
June 27, 2020
From small herbs underfoot to towering giants, plants have what it takes to thrive in their habitats.
Snake Evolves Two Heads
September 5, 2019
This is just the kind of thing Darwinists have been waiting for! Aren't two heads better than one?
Natural Selection: Where Is It?
September 2, 2019
Darwin's claim to fame is strangely missing when the critical eye reads scientific papers looking for it.
Neutral Theory of Evolution Debunked
March 2, 2019
Dr Jerry Bergman elaborates on a proof in Michael Behe's new book that the neutral theory of evolution fails.
Plants Are Clever
November 18, 2014
They may be stuck in the ground, but plants know how to get what they need. How do creation and evolution explain this?
Homage to Diatoms
June 19, 2014
Twenty percent of the air you are breathing came from tiny animals living in crystal cathedrals.
On the Origin of Snakes
December 6, 2013
New studies of snakes and their genes are surprising scientists with stories of "rapid evolution." Some findings offer potential for human health.
Mutations and Duplications: Pools of Innovation?
October 23, 2012
Creationists looked in what evolutionists called "junk DNA" and found gems. Evolutionists are still looking for their gems in junk mutations.
Evolution Falsely So Called
July 25, 2012
Evolutionary theory gets credited for changes that really do not help Darwin's view of a universal tree of life. Three examples show how.
We Became Human by Mistake
May 5, 2012
A new theme in human evolution is making the rounds. According to the story, a mistake led to the human brain, and the rest is history. | <urn:uuid:8fdd1ada-4e06-4fe7-bfe6-7c47a488b873> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://crev.info/tag/gene-duplication/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.908603 | 464 | 2.703125 | 3 |
SPACE – DEEP SPACE AND SPACE PLANNING IN FOUR DIMENSIONS
As we design the interiors for the new mission control center for a telescope that looks into deep space (click here for more information about the Chandra telescope), I reflect on my own love of space…planning, that is. For some people, nothing is better than chocolate. For me, not much is better than the joy of space planning. Space planning combines three-dimensional thinking with two- dimensional planning. We also imagine four-dimensional (time) life – how a person utilizes the space from entrance to “use” to exit over time.
3D thinking is about how to use the space volumetrically. 2D thinking is about adjacencies, code requirements, analysis of what fits in the space. 4D/Time thinking is about how the people use the space over time – including long-term maintenance issues, long-term flexibility of use and long-term appearance and whether long-term thinking is even appropriate. 4D thinking also reminds us of our obligations to society and to planet Earth. First, our goal is to have our projects do no harm, and then we work towards improving life on Earth, if we can. We’re not Amazon, but we can enjoy following Jeff Bezos, who is now working on moving the dirtiest industries to the moon. In a recent New York Times article about Jeff Bezos there was an interesting quote: “Mr. Bezos’ space start-up, Blue Origin, is also making its efforts more public, giving him another stage. The company is trying to rescue Earth by helping to move pollution-belching heavy industries off the planet.” Who knows, space may be the next big development play. I think I’m ready to design the inside of a space vehicle, space station or Moon Colony. That would add a new consideration for me – lack of or low gravity. Wouldn’t site visits be a blast?
Back on Earth, it’s important to realize that a retail pop-up store has different time considerations than a 5-year lease of office space or an heirloom quality private home. A museum might use even a longer- term view of the life of the building/space. Understanding space and understanding client’s needs, then transforming a space to meet those needs is really one of the great pleasures of my life.
If you have challenges with your space, wherever it is, let us use our 3D, 2D, and 4D visualization skills to make life better for you as you work, play, age, live, and learn. Comment below or email me directly at email@example.com with your thoughts about space or planning in 4 dimensions. | <urn:uuid:2296ebb6-bae3-410f-943f-31903ff0664e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://lesliesaul.com/space-deep-space-and-space-planning-in-four-dimensions%E2%80%8B/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.931989 | 571 | 2.125 | 2 |
Tulsa, OK, September 11, 2013 – Covanta Tulsa Renewable Energy recently partnered with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) of Arkansas and Texas to safely destroy over 44,000 pounds of unwanted medications collected during National Prescription Drug Take-Back Day. The collected drugs are combusted at high temperatures and converted into clean, renewable energy at no charge through Covanta’s Rx4Safety program.
When combined with the Oklahoma Bureau of Narcotics’ “Safe Trip for Scripts” program, the total prescription medications collected and destroyed by Covanta Tulsa surpasses 67,000 pounds in the last 12 months.
“Disposing of pharmaceutical drugs at the Covanta facility safeguards our citizens, particularly children, from accidental access to expired medicine,” said Oklahoma Attorney General Scott Pruitt. “Law enforcement is fortunate to have partners such as Covanta Energy involved in this important effort.”
Tulsa County, OK District Attorney Tim Harris added, “The partnership between the Oklahoma Bureau of Narcotics, the U.S. Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and Covanta is an example of a public-private partnership solving an important issue. Prescription drug abuse is responsible for over 80% of the drug overdose deaths in Oklahoma. The partnership with Covanta Energy is a win-win-win; the drugs are converted into renewable energy, this service does not cost the tax payers and the pharmaceuticals are destroyed. This program has had a significant impact on this troubling problem. If we save one citizen’s life then the effort will be worth it.”
Covanta’s Rx4Safety program was launched as a direct response to prescription drug abuse and evidence of pollution in waterways and drinking water. Covanta has partnered with a variety of community groups and law enforcement agencies since the program’s inception in 2010.
“Our common goal is to keep unwanted or expired prescription drugs out of medicine cabinets and out of the hands of our youth,” said Lisa Barnhill, Diversion Group Supervisor for the DEA in Little Rock, AK. “The partnership between the DEA and Covanta is a win-win for the state of Arkansas and communities in terms of preventing prescription drug abuse and protecting the environment.”
Medications also contaminate surface and groundwater supplies when flushed down the toilet, washed down the sink, or thrown into the local landfill. Wastewater treatment plants cannot filter out pharmaceuticals, passing it along to communities in their surface and drinking water. Medications that wind up in landfills can also end up in water sources since some leachate from landfills goes to those same wastewater treatment plants.
“It is an honor for the Covanta Tulsa Renewable Energy facility to provide this valuable service for the drug take back programs. Energy-from-Waste facilities like Covanta Tulsa provide a safe way to dispose of unwanted medications, while producing clean energy. Our facilities are equipped with state-of-the-art combustion controls and air pollution control equipment to ensure the destruction of these drugs in an environmentally sound manner, one that protects the water we depend upon day in and day out and ensures that unwanted drugs are not available for abuse,” said Matthew Newman, business manager at Covanta Tulsa.
Since 2010, Covanta’s energy-from-waste facilities have safely destroyed drugs collected from community take-back day events nationwide at no charge. To date the Rx4Safety program has destroyed approximately 750,000 pounds of medications.
For more information on these important programs, please visit the following websites:
Covanta is a world leader in sustainable waste management and renewable energy. The Company’s 45 Energy-from-Waste facilities provide communities and businesses around the world with an environmentally sound solution to their solid waste disposal needs by using waste to generate clean, renewable energy. Annually, Covanta’s modern Energy-from-Waste facilities safely and securely convert approximately 20 million tons of waste into clean, renewable electricity to power one million homes and recycle over 430,000 tons of metal. Energy-from-Waste facilities reduce greenhouse gases, complement recycling and are a critical component to sustainable solid waste management. For more information, visit www.covantaenergy.com. | <urn:uuid:9d02a10d-45dc-459b-a937-f506ab807e01> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wteinternational.com/news/covanta-tulsa-energy-from-waste-facility-ensures-safe-destruction-of-unwanted-prescription-meds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.916402 | 907 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Is it a sign of the times that it is not safe to run a Starbucks in some cities in America? The coffee chain announced that it is closing 16 stores in the U.S. not because of low profit margins but because of “safety concerns.”
Starbucks says that stores in these cities have had a barrage of issues putting their employees at risk of “personal safety, racism, lack of access to healthcare, a growing mental health crisis, rising drug use, and more.”
The store closings will happen at the end of July in Seattle; Los Angeles; Philadelphia; Washington, DC, and Portland, Oregon. This might as well be a list of America’s most divisive and poverty-ridden cities. What else do those cities have in common? Democratic mayors. Starbucks chief Howard Schultz said in a leaked video that Democratic mayors have “abdicated their responsibility in fighting crime and addressing mental illness.”
Is this political or is it more systemic than that?
Starbucks is usually a beacon of progress in a neighborhood and it feels apocalyptic to see them close down. Maybe we’re reading too much into this but maybe we’re not. | <urn:uuid:7aa4e6db-3e68-43bd-b528-cfd4ed7d8c7a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://morninginvest.com/two-pumps-of-safety-concerns/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.965274 | 246 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Why does Friendly Borders want to protect cultures from extinction?
Every culture on this earth has contributed something important to humanity and has distinct customs and perspectives on life that can help improve ours.
We at Friendly Borders suggest that you bare your mind to new ideas and hold the door wide open to more knowledge, which often leads to more understanding and happiness.
Who should use our educational websites?
We encourage students of all fields to browse and immerse themselves in our websites’ content. Whether you are young or old, an academic or an enthusiast, you are most welcome to explore the world with Friendly Borders.
Who are the beneficiaries of our projects which aim to promote culture and language?
All of us benefit from learning more about our neighbors. Throughout history, most people have borrowed from one another culturally, thereby improving their lives in many aspects. Sharing is one of the pillars of humanity, and our world has become a better place because of it.
Friendly Borders hopes that all groups featured on this website can enjoy more recognition both locally and internationally. It also hopes that the website will serve as a podium for groups that badly need to be heard.
Why does Friendly Borders want to protect languages from extinction?
There are currently more than 6,000 tongues spoken in the world. However, local languages are disappearing along with traditional ways of life, eroding this very diversity. We at Friendly Borders know that by protecting language, we can help save culture.
How can you better utilize our educational websites?
Consider Friendly Borders websites as coffee-table e-books that can serve as sources of information and inspire the pursuit of further studies of the content or related materials. The information we provide is not comprehensive, nor is it intended to be. Rather, it is a snapshot intended to serve our goal of sparking further interest and a desire for deeper exploration. Who knows, perhaps we can help influence students of culture to become anthropologists, linguists, sociologists and advocates of language and culture?
Let’s all come together and promote our world.
Want a broader spectrum on culture and language?
Drop in on our websites, your direct route to discovering the awesome number of world cultures and languages that urgently need our attention. But don’t stop there. Journey to other websites that provide additional information about world cultures and languages.
Get involved and make a difference.
Why do we refer to all groups and peoples on our websites as ethnic groups?
Friendly Borders uses “ethnic groups” as a generic term to refer to a group of people whose members identify with one another through a common heritage — be it language, culture (including a shared religion), or ancestry. We believe that the term “ethnic group” calls attention to thousands of groups of people around the world who would otherwise be overlooked.
We recognize that interpretations of ethnicity vary among academics, politicians and in their everyday usage. In keeping with our mission to simply celebrate the diversity of human experience, Friendly Borders has consciously chosen a broad definition of what constitutes an ethnic group.
Specialists in the field may have valid reasons for disputing some of our distinctions, but as our goal is to recognize difference where it exists, we have opted to allow loose parameters to define ethnicity for our purposes. The material gathered here is not intended to represent an authoritative or all-inclusive classification system of human ethnic groups.
Similarly we acknowledge that issues of ethnicity often come into play in local and national politics. Friendly Borders does not endorse nationalism or any political cause whatsoever. Rather our focus is strictly on developing a better understanding of humanity through its many representations.
Further it will be useful to note the following in the way that Friendly Borders regards ethnicity. Ethnic solidarities and identities are claimed most often where groups do not seek national autonomy, but rather a recognition internal to or cross-cutting national or state boundaries. Some ethnic groups or people will overlap with one another (e.g. Mexican Americans and Americans). Some ethnic groups or peoples have states, while others are stateless. Regardless of this fact, all groups are treated equally and celebrated.
How can you teach your children the importance of your native tongue?
You can start by making them realize that they can promote their native language and thus conserve their culture in the wake of our rapidly changing world, which seems to attach little value to the languages of small groups and languages whose extent is limited. By teaching children the importance of their native tongue, you teach them the importance of their origins and community, and the beauty of their culture. What they learn to appreciate deeply, they will want to keep alive.
There are untold benefits from conserving your native language and passing it on from generation to generation, even if a more powerful or dominant language makes the effort seem impractical.
A common advantage that a blingual or multilingual child enjoys is the opportunity to absorb more than one culture’s literature, history, traditions, and the way of life – something that a monolingual child cannot do. A second language opens a door to another world of thoughts and ideas; a third language, a third door; and so on. When a language dies, the particular thoughts and concepts it can conjure disappear with it.
If parents constantly encourage their children to learn and speak their native tongue, the young ones will inevitably discern the importance of both their language and culture. Reminding a child of the importance of his/her language will instill in them pride and the desire to learn more about their roots.
As members of larger and more dominant language groups, we can also contribute by encouraging people who belong tp smaller language groups to conserve and value their languages.
Why did Friendly Borders stop aiding underprivileged schools and instead focus strictly on promoting culture and language?
The organization wants to concentrate on doing whatever it can to promote cultures and languages and save them from extinction. Over the years, after having witnessed the slow death of beautiful traditional cultures and languages in various countries, many of the Friendly Borders staff felt that something had to be done very quickly and extensively.
We still aid in the educational mission, but do so by promoting cultural and language education through our websites. We strive to convince schools to teach children as much as possible about anything that has to do with culture and language.
Also, Friendly Borders will remain true to its roots and continue to donate books and materials, strengthen existing educational programs, create new programs in conjunction with schools and communities, undertake building restorations, support extracurricular activities such as sports and the arts, provide scholarships to girls and sponsor field trips to museums and other educational sites. We aim to create programs that zero in on improving education for young girls, establish programs for at-risk youth, and work toward more parent involvement in schools. | <urn:uuid:94ec068c-3f2e-4dd9-b0ad-a37614d4f448> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.friendlyborders.org/valuable-information-on-our-projects/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.957931 | 1,403 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Nearly three years after President Barack Obama enacted landmark health care reforms, the American public remains uninformed and divided about the law, according to survey findings released Wednesday.
Overall, public opinion remains mixed and heavily influenced by political party affiliation, the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation poll, conducted earlier this month, reveals. Forty percent of those surveyed said they have an unfavorable view of the reform law, 37 percent hold a favorable view and 23 percent had no opinion. Among Republicans, 68 percent said they had an unfavorable opinion of Obamacare, while 45 percent of independents said they had an unfavorable opinion. Among Democrats, 58 percent said they liked the law. These findings are roughly consistent with the foundation's polling over the last three years, although the percentage with a favorable view has crept downward in recent months.
The poll underscores the massive challenge facing the Obama administration, the states, the health insurance industry and others with an interest in health care reform succeeding. Small businesses and individuals who don't get health benefits at work will begin shopping for coverage and learning whether they qualify for financial assistance or Medicaid benefits on Oct. 1.
Perhaps most worrisome for the administration is the Kaiser Family Foundation's findings that the American public is still uninformed and confused about what's in the law.
Fifty-seven percent of those surveyed said they didn't have enough information about Obamacare to predict how it would change their own health care. Worse, more than two-thirds of those without health insurance and those who earn less than $40,000 a year -- the very people the law is supposed to help -- said they didn't have enough information.
In fact, public awareness about key provisions of the law, including the availability of health insurance tax credits for individuals and small employers, has actually declined since April 2010, the survey shows -- despite three years of continued public debate about Obamacare.
As other polls have shown over the past three years, people reported favorable views of individual elements of the health care reform law even as many said they oppose Obamacare as a whole.
More than 80 percent of people approve of things like health insurance tax credits for small businesses, improved prescription drug coverage under Medicare and the creation of health insurance exchanges that allow comparison shopping for benefits. Majorities also support expanding Medicaid, providing tax credits for individuals to buy health insurance, requiring insurers to offer coverage to people with pre-existing conditions and subjecting large employers to financial penalties if they don't cover their workers, the survey found.
The least popular part of health care reform is the individual mandate that nearly every legal U.S. resident obtain some form of health coverage, which just 40 percent favorably view, the survey shows. The individual mandate also is the law's best-known component, as 74 percent of respondents said they were aware of it.
What people didn't seem to know was that many of the policies they like are included in the Obamacare law. Just over half of those surveyed were aware that the law provides tax credits to small businesses that offer health benefits to their employees. Fewer than half knew about the law's enhancements of Medicare's drug benefit, and just over half said they knew Obamacare forbids health insurance companies from denying coverage to people with pre-existing conditions.
Meanwhile, a large pluralities of the public continue to falsely believe that the Obamacare includes so-called death panels that would ration health care for Medicare enrollees, reduce what Medicare covers, provide health benefits to undocumented immigrants and create a government-run "public option" health insurance program to compete with private companies. | <urn:uuid:fd744c13-0536-4002-b21a-2a7a815715b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.huffpost.com/entry/health-care-reform-survey_n_2915826 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.976651 | 712 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Zero-trust is an approach to network security that stipulates that all users, devices, networks, and applications, verify themselves whenever they need access to critical resources, or whenever it is technically feasible.
The Zero-trust security approach was born out of a need for a more holistic way of securing networks that are complex, distributed, and dynamic.
Challenges To the Zero-trust Security Methodology
The main problem with the zero-trust model is that it requires significantly more time, effort, and foresight to implement. Below are some of the challenges that organizations will face trying to adhere to the zero-trust methodology.
More employees are working remotely
Increasingly more employees are working remotely, using unknown and untrusted devices, IPs, routers, public Wi-Fi, VPN services, and so on. These days, it’s common for companies to allow employees to bring their own devices into the workplace, which they must detect and monitor.
To make matters worse, employees have a tenancy to come and go, sometimes without warning. Customers, suppliers, and business associates may also need to access your company network. Each of these entities will require different types of access, which will have to be set up, maintained, and monitored.
More employees are using untrusted applications
Employees are using more apps than ever before, which is great, but having a large number of untrusted applications running on a device that has access to sensitive company data, is a huge security risk. IT security teams are required to blacklist applications that are deemed unsafe or malicious.
However, keeping track of which departments are using which applications can be a real challenge. They need to find a balance between enabling employees to use the apps which help them be productive, whilst maintaining a consistent and robust set of access controls, and visibility into which apps are used, and how they are used.
More companies are moving to the cloud
As increasingly more companies switch to cloud-based services, the risk of data loss becomes ever greater. This is because cloud-based environments are distributed, and can be theoretically accessed by anyone, from anywhere. As such, sensitive data can find itself scattered around in places where it doesn’t belong, thus making it harder to secure.
Companies must have a profound understanding of their network
Implementing zero-trust is not simply a case of installing and configuring a bunch of new technologies. It requires learning your network inside and out and identifying all users, devices, applications, security software, policies, departments (and their location), and more. For complex networks, it is better to design a zero-trust model from scratch, and then slowly and systematically apply the model to your network. This will help you address issues as they arise, and ensure that there are no gaps in your security posture.
Zero-trust requires ongoing maintenance
Staff come and go, their responsibilities change, and the security technologies and strategies that companies use should be continuously updated as new threats emerge. As such, your zero-trust implementation requires ongoing monitoring and maintenance.
This includes implementing routine maintenance tasks, reviewing access controls, automating patch management, and monitoring network traffic and access to sensitive data.
Zero-trust can affect productivity
Implementing zero-trust can create a myriad of adverse consequences. After all, it only requires a single configuration change to make certain systems or data inaccessible to employees.
If you make too many changes too quickly, you may find it difficult to pinpoint the exact change that created the problem. As a result, your employees will not have the access they need to perform their roles.
Again, the solution is to ensure that zero-trust is implemented gradually, with lots of testing carried out along the way.
Companies must secure their hardware
In order to run an effective zero-trust strategy, all hardware needs to be secured. However, this is not always straightforward, especially when dealing with legacy hardware. If you are not able to properly secure your existing hardware applications, you will probably need to replace them, which will involve time and money.
In some cases, hardware is compromised by “interdiction” attacks, which is where the device gets tampered with during shipment. If you want to be extra safe, you should check to see if the hardware you are purchasing features GPS tracking and geofencing, which will help you track the devices during shipment, and give you the assurance that they haven’t been tampered with.
You should check to ensure that the CPU is trusted, and look for security features such as secure boot, signed OS, and trusted platform module.
Zero-trust requires flexible software
Given the distributed nature of the zero-trust model, the software which you use to keep track of how your systems and data are accessed, must be flexible enough to integrate with a wide range of platforms, both on-premise and cloud-based.
Some companies may want to use different monitoring solutions for different purposes, and link them together. As such, your chosen solution should be able to aggregate event logs from multiple sources and display a summary of events via a single dashboard. | <urn:uuid:8301ed68-22de-4767-b50c-86907c46754f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lepide.com/blog/zero-trust-security-challenges/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.950932 | 1,050 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Roselle, the Jamaican sorrel plant, is known around the world for its bright red fruit and tart flavor. People make it into all sorts of colorful jams, chutneys, sauces, syrups, desserts, and festive beverages.
One of its other common names is Florida cranberry and for good reason. It makes the most incredible substitute for Cranberry Sauce. We look forward to it every fall at our home in Hawaii where it's too warm to grow cranberries.
- FAMILY: Malvaceae
- GENUS: Hibiscus
- SPECIES: Sabdariffa
- TYPE: Perennial tree
- NATIVE: India, Malaysia
- DISTRIBUTION: Pantropic
- ENGLISH - roselle, rosella, Florida cranberry, sour-sour, red sorrel, Indian sorrel, Jamaican sorrel
- INTERNATIONAL - Flor de Jamaica, uaaina, acedrea de Guinea, carcade, karcadeh, chin baung, mei gui qie, cay but giam, hmiakhu, kudrum, khate fule, gongura, assam paya, isapa, yakuwa, zobo
Fun fact - The Jamaican sorrel plant is related to okra and cotton.
The most often cited origin of hibiscus sabdariffa is India and Malaysia. From there, the Jamaican sorrel plant spread early to Africa, then on to tropical America, Mexico, and the West Indies with the slave trade.
In general, Jamaican sorrel grows best in tropical or subtropical climates and is technically perennial. However, it can bloom as an annual in cooler temperatures as long as it isn’t subject to frost.
I like to grow it as an annual in my 10x20 garden plot. It's exceedingly easy to cultivate and gallops to a 7-foot tree in just five months.
Its succulent fresh calyces are available from late summer into winter here on Maui. The remainder of the year and around the world, they are available as dried and preserved products in markets.
Once I've harvested buckets of fruit, it's time to remove my Jamaican sorrel tree and make room for the other plants in my garden.
I never have to worry about starting the next generation of roselle because the flower buds are loaded with seeds.
In fact, sometimes fallen fruit sows itself and saves me the task of starting a new Jamaican sorrel plant. Here's a young volunteer seedling already producing fruit at two feet high.
Jamaican sorrel is also known as true roselle. Fortunately, this attractive tree-like shrub can be easily distinguished from false roselle.
False roselle, or hibiscus acetosella, has dark red leaves resembling maple leaves, and noticeably pink flowers.
In contrast, true roselle has green leaves and flowers that range from white to buff-yellow. These markers are helpful if you are considering eating the Jamaican sorrel plant.
It's true the pink flowers and red leaves of false roselle are edible. However, false roselle doesn't have nearly the culinary value of hibiscus sabdariffa with its choice red buds.
Edible red calyces
You might be surprised to know the distinctive red buds on a Jamaican roselle tree are not fruit. I know it was news to me.
Rather, they are properly called calyces and the sections that look like petals are accurately called sepals. Who knew?
It's these beautiful calyces that are used to make agua de Jamaica in Mexico, zobo drink in Nigeria, and bissap, the national beverage of Senegal.
Fruit and seeds
It turns out, that the true fruits are the hard pods filled with seeds and nestled inside the calyx. I think their light green color mottled with red is so pretty.
Besides being attractive, it's worth mentioning that roselle’s seed-filled fruit is technically edible. I say edible in the sense that it is safe and not toxic to consume.
However, it might take some doing to master preparation and come up with a tasty result. The most intriguing reference I came across is to dry and roast the bitter-tasting fruit. Then, it can be ground and used as a coffee substitute.
Would you try this? I am tempted. But for now, I'm having too much fun making mock cranberry sauce and homemade Jamaica soda from the ruby-red calyces.
The tart calyces that lend themselves so beautifully to sweet dishes and beverages are eye-catching enough to make one overlook the other very valuable use of this plant.
Indeed, I had been growing the Jamaica sorrel plant in my garden for 2 years before it really sank in that the leaves provide a delicious addition to savory dishes.
It so happens that the sour, tender young leaves and stems are eaten as a vegetable in many places including the Philippines, Africa, India, and Vietnam.
It’s even said to be the most consumed green vegetable in Myanmar, where a popular Burmese dish is called chin baung kyaw. I am so looking forward to trying this stir-fry made with chilies, turmeric, and bamboo shoots.
Always be one hundred percent sure of your plant identification if consuming foraged or wild plants. Finally, follow your doctor's advice when eating new or unfamiliar plants, especially if you are pregnant or taking any medications.
More edible tropical plants
Enjoyed this post? Leave a comment, rate ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ it, and follow @poppyswildkitchen on Instagram. Aloha! | <urn:uuid:83fba960-d660-40d1-903c-debdc1be1519> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://poppyswildkitchen.com/roselle-hibiscus-sabdariffa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.927178 | 1,247 | 2.171875 | 2 |
A U.S. health panel says it’s time to resume use of Johnson & Johnson’s COVID-19 vaccine, despite a very rare risk of blood clots. Out of nearly 8 million people vaccinated before the U.S. suspended J&J’s shot, health officials uncovered 15 cases of a highly unusual kind of blood clot, three of them fatal. All were women, most younger than 50.
But advisers to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Friday the vaccine’s benefits outweigh that serious but small risk -- especially against a virus that’s still infecting tens of thousands of Americans every day. The government will rapidly weigh that recommendation in deciding next steps.
THE VIRUS OUTBREAK:
— White House says US will help India with surging virus cases
— EU agency says people should get 2nd dose of AstraZeneca, too
— EXPLAINER: What does Japan’s virus state of emergency mean?
— Jill Biden to visit tribal school teaching remotely in Arizona
HERE’S WHAT ELSE IS HAPPENING:
PORTLAND, Ore. — As COVID-19 cases continue to surge in Oregon, officials warned Friday that one-third of the state’s counties are at risk of increased restrictions, including limiting restaurants to outdoor dining only and closing gyms.
“A few weeks ago I came before you to say we are concerned that we would have a fourth surge of COVID-19 in Oregon. Unfortunately today that surge is here,” Gov. Kate Brown said at a news conference. Dean Sidelinger, the state health officer, said new modelling shows “the rate of transmission surpassed the most pessimistic scenario of three weeks ago.” “And if that spread continues unabated – our hospitals risk being swamped by virus-stricken patients,” he said.
In early March, the state’s COVID-19 positivity rate was 3.9%. As of Thursday, it was 5.7%. In addition, Oregon’s COVID-19 hospitalizations increased by 39% over the past week and has increased by 109% since the beginning of March. As a result, a couple hospitals are already starting to scale back on elective surgeries.
BUCHAREST, Romania — A “vaccination marathon” was launched Friday afternoon in Romania’s western city of Timisoara where anyone can turn up without an appointment to receive a vaccine against COVID-19.
Around 10,000 Pfizer vaccine shots have been made available for the three-day, round-the-clock event at Timisoara’s Regional Business Center, and will be administered by volunteers from the medical sector.
“As doctors in intensive care units … we fight every day to save as many lives as possible. But now, compared to this time last year, we have the power to get out of the pandemic together — through vaccination,” intensive care doctor Dorel Sandesc told local media.
Anyone over the age of 16 who can present a national identity card will be able to receive a vaccine, whereas minors will need written consent from a guardian. Booster jabs will be administered in the same “marathon” format in 21 days.
Since the pandemic started, Romania has recorded 1,042,521 positive COVID-19 infections, 27,113 have died, and more than 4.5 million vaccine shots have been administered to its population of more than 19 million.
WASHINGTON — The federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is recommending that pregnant people receive COVID-19 vaccinations. Agency Director Rochelle Walensky announced the recommendation during an update on the pandemic at a White House briefing. She noted that a CDC study published this week found no safety concerns with Moderna and Pfizer vaccinations given during the third trimester of pregnancy.
‘’We know that this is a deeply personal decision, and I encourage people to talk to their doctors or primary care providers to determine what is best for them and for their baby,’’ Walensky said.
Her recommendation seems to go farther than advice on CDC’s website, which says the vaccines are unlikely to pose a safety risk during pregnancy but doesn’t flat-out recommend the shots.
The new study is based on reports from pregnant women who got shots soon after the vaccines became available. The researchers called for more data, including from vaccination earlier in pregnancy.
COVID-19 can be dangerous in pregnancy, raising risks for complications and even death.
Pregnant women were excluded from COVID-19 vaccination studies although there is limited safety data on some who became pregnant after enrolling.
PHOENIX -- Arizona administered the last COVID-19 vaccination injections at the state’s first and largest COVID-19 mass-vaccination site, which is closing as the state transitions to indoor venues.
The drive-through site outside State Farm Stadium is being replaced by a facility inside Gila River Arena in Glendale. There are additional large state-run sites in metro Phoenix, Flagstaff, Tucson and Yuma.
The state on Friday reported 896 additional coronavirus cases -- the largest daily increase in two weeks -- and 17 more deaths. Nearly 2.1 million people, 29% of the state’s population, were fully vaccinated against COVID-19, according to the state dashboard.
Arizona has registered 857,347 total confirmed cases and 17,238 confirmed deaths.
OTTAWA, Ontario — Prime Minister Justin Trudeau is getting vaccinated at an Ottawa pharmacy on Friday. Trudeau and his wife Sophie will be getting the AstraZeneca vaccine that some have been reluctant to get because of reports of rare blood clots.
The province of Ontario recently lowered eligibility for AstraZeneca to ages 40 and above. The prime minister says 30% of eligible adults in Canada have received at least one vaccine.
Also, Trudeau says Canada has reached an agreement with Pfizer for 35 million booster doses for next year, and 30 million in the year after. He says the deal includes options to add 30 million doses in both 2022 and 2023, and an option for 60 million doses in 2024.
He says the government is in ongoing discussions with other vaccine manufacturers about their plans for booster shots, too.
KARACHI, Pakistan — A prominent Pakistani charity offered medical help to archrival neighboring India in managing the COVID-19 pandemic.
Faisal Edhi, the head of Edhi Foundation, made the offer in a letter to the Indian prime minister Narendra Modi. Edhi’s offer comes after India reported another global record in daily infections for a second straight day, adding 332,730 new cases.
In his letter, Edhi sought permission from Modi to travel to India with volunteers and 50 ambulances to assist Indian health workers. Edhi says he’ll lead his medical team, which will pay for the accommodation and food for his volunteers during the stay in India.
India’s response to the offer was not yet known. Edhi Foundation is known for humanitarian relief work in Pakistan, where is also runs the country’s largest ambulance service.
Pakistan and India have a history of bitter relations. They’ve fought two of the three wars on the disputed Himalayan region of Kashmir since gaining independence from Britain in 1947.
NICOSIA, Cyprus — Cyprus will return to lockdown mode for two weeks, shutting down retail stores, restaurants and gyms while expanding a night-time curfew.
The lockdown from April 26 to May 9 will extend the curfew to eight hours and outings from home are restricted to once a day.
Health Minister Constantinos Ioannou says the increase in infections has put the country’s health system under heavy strain, despite a ramped-up vaccination program that has reduced the number of COVID-19 patients over 70 who require hospitalization.
Ioannou says the lockdown will include a ban on all public gatherings and youth sports activities. Church services during Orthodox Easter all next week will take place without worshippers except during midnight mass on Holy Saturday when people will be permitted to follow the service outside the church.
BERLIN — Austria plans to reopen restaurants, bars and hotels on May 19 after several months of restrictions and closures.
Chancellor Sebastian Kurz announced the plans on Friday. He says people wanting to use the venues that are reopening must be tested, vaccinated or recovered from a COVID-19 infection.
He says some other restrictions will remain in place: a maximum 10 people per table will be allowed outside and four adults per table inside. And there will be limits on how many people can use gyms.
Kurz pointed to Austria’s accelerating vaccination campaign, adding authorities aim to loosen restrictions further on July 1. He says foreign tourists will be welcome from mid-May.
WASHINGTON — Officials say the U.S. is trying to help India deal with its coronavirus surge, which is straining that country’s health care system amid a record number of infections.
Dr. Anthony Fauci, the Biden administration’s top medical adviser on the pandemic, says the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is working with its counterpart agency in India to provide technical support and assistance.
India set another global record of daily infections for a second straight day with 332,730 cases. Hospitals officials are using social media, pleading with the Indian government to replenish their oxygen supplies.
“It is a dire situation that we’re trying to help in any way we can,” Fauci said at the White House coronavirus briefing. “They have a situation there where there are variants that have arisen. We have not yet fully characterized the variants and the relationship between the ability of the vaccines to protect. But we’re assuming, clearly, that they need vaccines.”
White House coronavirus coordinator Jeff Zients says the U.S. is “committed to sharing vaccine supply” and “as our confidence around our supply increases, we will explore those options.”
LONDON — The European Medicines Agency says people who have received a first dose of AstraZeneca’s COVID-19 vaccine should get the second one, too.
In guidance issued on Friday, the EU drug regulator says people should continue to get a second AstraZeneca dose four to 12 weeks after their first shot despite the rare risk of blood clots linked to the shot.
The Amsterdam-based drug regulator for the 27-nation European Union said earlier this month there was a “possible link” between the AstraZeneca vaccine and rare blood clotting disorders. But it said the benefits of getting the shots outweighed the risks.
The EMA previously described the clots as “very rare” side effects and said the vaccine labels should be modified so doctors and patients are aware. According to data from Britain, which has administered more AstraZeneca vaccines than any other country, there were 30 such cases among 18 million inoculations by late March.
MADRID — Spain’s foreign minister says that the country has sent 5 tons of medical supplies to Brazil responding to a request for foreign aid by authorities in the Latin American country.
Arancha González-Laya says the shipment included material for intubating COVID-19 patients in extreme need of respiratory aid.
“We are doing this because we understand that the fight against COVID has to take a priority,” the minister says.
The coronavirus is taking a rising toll in Brazil as less than 9 million of Brazil’s 210 million residents have been fully vaccinated against the disease. Brazil is second behind the United States with 383,502 confirmed deaths. It’s third globally in cases with 14.1 million.
BRUSSELS — The European Union’s chief executive says the 27-nation bloc is on track to vaccinate most of its adult population against the coronavirus by July, about two months ahead of schedule.
European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said Friday that the EU, home to around 450 million people, has “already passed 123 million vaccinations.”
She says this total ranks the bloc third in the world after the United States and China. The EU has been widely criticized for the slow rollout of vaccines.
Von der Leyen also announced a new contract will be finalized in coming days with Pfizer for 1.8 billion doses for the 2021-23 period. She says the deal will ensure doses for booster shots, vaccines adapted to new variants and possible vaccines for children and teenagers.
GENEVA — French President Emmanuel Macron says the country has donated AstraZeneca doses to West Africa through the U.N.-backed program.
The U.N.-backed COVAX program sends COVID-19 vaccines to low- and middle-income countries. The French leader didn’t specify how many doses were deployed or where they would go through the U.N.-backed COVAX program.
But Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, which helps run COVAX, hailed the “first batch,” saying it was 105,600 doses and will go to Mauritania. It has a population of 4.5 million people.
Macron says France planned to donate at least 500,000 doses through mid-June to the program.
Gavi says France will “ramp up its commitment to at least 5 percent of its total doses by the end of 2021.”
The agency says it follows a transfer of 1.6 million doses from New Zealand to low-income countries and a pledge by Spain to donate doses to COVAX.
PHNOM PENH, Cambodia — Cambodia’s Health Ministry announced a record daily 655 coronavirus cases, bringing the country’s total confirmed total to 8,848.
Two new deaths from the disease were also reported, raising the total to 61.
The authorities have linked 8,301, or almost 94%, of the total number of cases to one community outbreak in February, when a foreigner sneaked out of quarantine from a hotel in Phnom Penh to go to a nightclub.
Prime Minister Hun Sen ordered a strict stay-at-home two-week lockdown in the capital Phnom Penh starting April 15, barring residents from venturing out except for food and other necessities at locations authorized by the government. There is also an 8 p.m. to 5 a.m. curfew in the city.
“We are facing an impending disaster and we will die unless we act responsibly and be united,” Hun Sen said in an audio posted last week on social media.
Security forces have been tightly enforcing the restrictions. Police this week had equipped themselves with wooden rods with which they beat violators but discarded them after Interior Minister Sar Kheng told them to use persuasion rather than force.
The army is helping distribute food to poor families whose livelihoods have been disrupted by the lockdown.
LONDON — The European Medicines Agency says it has approved new measures to boost production of coronavirus vaccines made by Pfizer and Moderna.
In a statement on Friday, the EU drug regulator says it had authorized an increase in batch size and manufacturing scale-up at a factory in Puurs, Belgium, where the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine is made.
The EMA says the approval was “expected to have a significant impact” on the supply of the BioNTech-Pfizer vaccine.
The EMA also says it had given the green light to Moderna’s manufacturing site in Rovi, Spain. The new production line should speed up the production of Moderna’s COVID-19 vaccine for use in the EU.
In recent months, the EU has faced numerous delays in vaccine deliveries and the continent has struggled to vaccinate as high a percentage of its population against COVID-19.
MOSCOW — Russian President Vladimir Putin supported the idea to extend public holidays in May to help curb the spread of the coronavirus.
Anna Popova, head of Russia’s public health watchdog Rospotrebnadzor, asked Putin during a meeting Friday to extend public holidays to May 1-10 instead of two separate holidays weekends on May 1-3 and May 8-10.
Popova said Russians traditionally travel to the countryside for May holidays and commuting back for the working days of May 4-7 may contribute to the spread of the coronavirus.
“If you think this is necessary, fine, we will do it,” Putin responded and promised to sign a relevant decree shortly. His spokesman Dmitry Peskov clarified there will not be a lockdown during the holidays.
Russia, which has reported the world’s fifth largest coronavirus caseload of 4.7 million, has few coronavirus restrictions in place. The country’s health officials have been reporting 8,000-9,000 daily confirmed cases for the past month. Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golikova told Putin on Friday the situation with the virus in Russian is “more or less stable.”
According to Golikova, more than 11.1 million Russians have received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, while 6.8 million have gotten both shots. Russia started vaccinating its population against COVID-19 in December. But with less than 8% of the population getting at least one shot, Russia lags behind many countries in vaccination rate.
NEW DELHI — India set another global record in daily infections for a second straight day with 332,730 cases.
The situation was worsening by the day with hospitals taking to social media pleading with the government to replenish their oxygen supplies and threatening to stop new admissions of patients. India has recorded 2,263 deaths in the past 24 hours for a confirmed total of 186,920.
The government is putting oxygen tankers on special express trains to help save COVID-19 patients who are struggling to breathe. More than a dozen people died when an oxygen-fed fire ripped through a coronavirus ward in a populous western state.
India, a country of nearly 1.4 billion people, has confirmed 16 million coronavirus cases. That’s second only to the United States.
TOKYO — Japan has issued a third state of emergency for Tokyo and three western prefectures to curb a surge in the coronavirus just three months ahead of the Olympics.
Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga announced the emergency for Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto and Hyogo from April 25 through May 11.
Japan’s third emergency since the pandemic comes only a month after an earlier weaker emergency ended in the Tokyo area. This time, after a law stipulating virus measures was toughened in February, authorities can issue binding orders for businesses to shorten their hours or close, with compensation for those who comply and penalties for violators.
Suga says the step is intended to stop people from traveling during upcoming holidays.
KATHMANDU, Nepal — A Norwegian climber became the first to be tested for COVID-19 in the Mount Everest base camp and was flown by helicopter to Kathmandu, where he was hospitalized.
Erlend Ness told The Associated Press in a message Friday that he tested positive on April 15. He said another test on Thursday was negative and he was now staying with a local family in Nepal.
Mountain guide Lukas Furtenbach, warned that if safety measures are not taken, the virus could spread among the hundreds of other climbers, guides and helpers who are now camped on the base of Everest.
Furtenbach, leading a team of 18 climbers to Mount Everest and its sister peak Mount Lhotse, said there could be more than just one case on the mountain as the Norwegian had lived with several others for weeks.
Any outbreak could prematurely end the climbing season, just ahead of a window of good weather in May, he said. | <urn:uuid:712a2fff-07b2-4abd-a818-b8031be9b909> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ksat.com/news/world/2021/04/23/the-latest-china-says-3-citizens-in-uae-falsified-tests/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.955989 | 4,234 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Seventy-eight years ago today, Canadian women were recognized as "persons" under the law.
Although unimaginable to Canadians today, in 1927 five Canadian women had to ask the Supreme Court of Canada whether women were considered "persons" under the British North America Act and therefore whether women were eligible to be nominated to the Senate. The Supreme Court's answer was no, women were not "persons," on the basis that the act should be interpreted in keeping with the principles of the time the act was passed; since women were not allowed to participate in politics when the act was passed in 1867 they could not be considered "persons."
The five rabble-rousers who started the action – Emily Murphy, Nellie McClung, Irene Parlby, Henrietta Muir Edwards, and Louise McKinney – appealed to the British Privy Council, then the highest court of appeal in Canada. On Oct. 18, 1929 they won their case. The Privy Council declared that women were indeed "persons" and that excluding women from public office was "barbarous."
Today, Emily, Nellie, Irene, Henrietta and Louise are known as the Famous Five and a statue stands on Parliament Hill in Ottawa honouring them for the battle they fought for all Canadians. And in the greatest sign of our feminist times, almost no one knows it's there, who those bronze women are or how important fighting for equality still is.
It's hard to celebrate the anniversary of this landmark achievement when ordinary women – especially young women – do not see the need to continue the fight for equality.
Women are not barred from attending school, participating in politics, voting, or working outside of the home – so what are we still fighting for?
The advances feminists made yesterday toward creating true equality have created the impression that feminism is irrelevant today. The knock-on effect is that the modern-day feminist movement seems directionless and stuck in intergenerational infighting.
In reality, women today face significant obstacles to substantive equality. That is, while women have equal access for the most part, women still lack equal opportunity. In the legal community, women are still not equally represented on the bench or in partnership positions in law firms; in politics, women do not represent half of our voices in Parliament.
Despite having "formal equality" to participate in the public sphere, women, more often than men, opt for lower-paying jobs, or opt out entirely. So, while women will attend school, participate in politics, vote and work outside the home, they don't stick around.
However, if women were able to make choices from the same full set of options and opportunities that our society offers white men, the rate of female participation in the public sphere would be higher. All things being equal, would so many women really simply choose lower-paying jobs, or is something else going on?
Women face numerous invisible mechanisms that limit their choices and impair opportunities. For example, women are still the primary caregivers for their families and, simply put, cannot put in as many hours in the workplace if they have to perform a full day's work once they get home. Also, young women often get left out of the informal mentoring that can be crucial to professional advancement – mentoring that might be given to their young male peers by their usually male superiors.
Women may be formally equal in law, but we still need to fight for substantive equality in practice. That fight begins by eradicating the myth that feminism is dead. | <urn:uuid:e8e4d0ab-8931-4fc5-b0be-6fd05ebace07> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thestar.com/opinion/2007/10/18/still_fighting_after_all_these_years.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.97573 | 724 | 3.96875 | 4 |
Hawaii Is Ideal Says Mark Twain
Hawaii Is Ideal Says Mark Twain in his book Following the Equator, as he reaffirms his opinion formed on an earlier visit when the Hawaiian Islands were still called The Sandwich Islands:
The Sandwich Islands remain my ideal of the perfect thing in the matter of tropical islands.
I would add another story (in height) to Mauna Loa's 16,000 feet if I could, and make it particularly bold and steep and craggy and forbidding and snowy;
and I would make the volcano spout its lava-floods out of its summit instead of its sides;
but aside from these non-essentials I have no corrections to suggest.
I hope these will be attended to;
I do not wish to have to speak of it again.
(Note: Sandwich Islands was the name given to the Hawaiian Islands by explorer Captain James Cook in the 1770s. It was in use until the 1840s, when the name "Hawaii" gradually began to take precedence.)
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When the Artisan decides to become spiritual, their reflex reaction is to move toward restraint. Many religions call this fasting. It is where an individual chooses to eliminate certain worldly pleasures from their lives in an effort to purify and cleanse themselves. Artisans by nature have a heightened sense of awareness of their physical senses. The five senses—(see, hear, taste, touch, smell)—are far more stimulating and pleasurable for the Artisan than anyone else, and so instinctual lust for all that the world can offer them is highly motivating. So, for Artisans, the spiritual journey starts with the act of restraining themselves from engaging their hedonistic nature. These sensual individuals decide to trade in sensuality for spirituality when they are seeking to live a spiritual life.
When the Guardian decides to become spiritual, they naturally move toward engaging in rituals. For Guardians, spirituality is addressed in a manner where the first question that comes to mind is, “What do I need to do?” So their “go to” way is to find out what the established authorities say. Whether it is a prayer, reading sacred literature, attending a worship service, listening to a religious teacher, or participating in religious ceremonies, Guardians find rituals comforting. Knowing that there is a prescribed way of doing things when approaching the divine makes the Guardian feel assured that their efforts will be recognized. Guardians want concrete activities that they know have been done by others and that have led to success.
By nature, most Idealists see themselves as being spiritual, and they engage spiritual practices on a regular basis. They see all of life as being spiritual, where there is purpose and meaning in life that all of us are meant to find and live out. When faced with difficulty, Idealists are the first to rely on relationships. They find their beloved and engage heart to heart, supporting and uplifting each other as they share stories and confessions. Being involved in a spiritual community where one can be authentic is the highest need for Idealists. They see spirituality as a journey to be taken together and never alone. Idealists engage rituals, restraint, and reflection, but such engagement becomes that much more meaningful when it is engaged in relationship. Doing rituals together, restraining together, reflection together is where it’s at for the Idealist.
When Rationals engage spiritually, they do so through reflection. Religious teachers sometimes refer to this as silence and solitude, contemplation, meditation, or journaling. Reflection can simply be thought of as thinking. It is to pause, analyze, and gain clarity. In its essence, we see reflection as setting aside time and space to slow down and to listen to your thoughts. It becomes a sacred space to do some self-analysis. Rationals by nature, get so busy using their brains—analyzing, strategizing, diagnosing, and consulting others, that they so often lose sight of the needs of their hearts. When Rationals take time to reflect, it is the starting place for gaining perspective on what matters most. It allows them to evaluate their current state, and to measure the gap between where they are headed, and where they may need to realign their lives toward.
All of us have inner voices. We listen, ignore, resist, or yield to them all the time. Some believe in hearing from God directly, while others believe that it’s just self-talk, or it’s the residual of past influences imprinted on our psyche. Irrespective of what you believe, what is certain is that we all have thoughts.
Some refer to themselves as “religious,” some as “not religious,” then there’s “spiritual, but not religious,” a “person of faith,” and let’s not forget about the “atheist,” or “agnostic.” At Keirsey, our research indicates that depending on your temperament, you are likely to approach faith, spirituality, or religion differently. | <urn:uuid:f8f488a5-2f41-4545-8be1-f9b2f296a7bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://keirseymagazine.com/spiritual-disciplines.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.967405 | 822 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Self-service data preparation offers agility and competitive advantage to a business. But a lot can go wrong.
A variety of new tools exist to capture and prepare data from emerging sources such as the IoT, social media, and smart meters. The growing sophistication of such data preparation tools allows the average business user to analyze and visualize the data, often with no coding chops required.
There’s a dilemma, however, in embracing self-service data preparation. Businesses that don’t use such tools, or govern their use with a strict IT hand, lose agility and could be at a competitive disadvantage. Opening the floodgates on self-service data prep, meanwhile, could lead to chaos and business mistakes from faulty analysis — the kind of spreadsheet errors that caused a major bank to purchase toxic mortgages or helped cause an economic collapse.
In this special report you will learn:
- Four use cases in which self-service data preparation is preferable to centralized data warehousing
- Four classes of data preparation products and industry-leading vendors in each class
- How to get the right tool to the right user, including recommendations for data governance and business roles. | <urn:uuid:ddf87a70-0802-456a-9038-e0ca9d599295> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rtinsights.com/self-service-data-preparation-gartner-special-report/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.924554 | 236 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Ise Jingu —> Japan’s most sacred Shinto shrine, in the seaside town of Ise (Mie Prefecture), is split into two compounds: the outer Geku and the more significant inner Naiku. Legend has it that a mirror representing the Sun Goddess Amaterasu, the ultimate ancestress of Japan’s current imperial family, rests in the Naiku.
Izumo Taisha —> Second in importance to Ise Jingu is Izumo Taisha in Izumo (Shimane Prefecture). It is dedicated to the God of Happy Marriage, Okuninushi-no-mikoto, which makes it popular with couples. It is also the location for the annual November gathering of the millions of kami from all over Japan, who are believed to meet to discuss the year’s events.
Atsuta Jingu —> Established around 1,900 years ago, Atsuta Jingu in Nagoya (Aichi Prefecture) was founded to house a legendary sword that is one of Japan’s Three Sacred Treasures
Meiji Jingu —> Tokyo’s premier Shinto shrine is a memorial to Emperor Meiji and his empress Shoken. Built in 1920, it is a grand, austere affair surrounded by 120,000 trees of 365 different species. The 40-ft- (12-m-) tall torii is the largest in Japan.
Itsukushima Jinja —> On Miyajima Island (Hiroshima Prefecture), Itsukushima Jinja is one of Japan’s most recognizable shrines. Its low-slung halls, which rest on pierlike bases, and its striking vermilion torii rising out of the bay make it appear as if the shrine is floating on water.
Tosho-gu —> Breaking the austere mold of Shinto architecture is Tosho-gu in Nikko (Tochigi Prefecture), final resting place of the 17th-century shogun Ieyasu Tokugawa. Elaborately decorated with carving, gilting, and lacquering, its standout feature is the glittering Yomei-mon (Sun Blaze Gate). | <urn:uuid:4ffed118-b16d-43d2-868a-f422757ca977> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://markberepeterson.com/2020/11/10/japans-most-sacred-shinto-shrines/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.908055 | 456 | 2.25 | 2 |
Water sector innovation accelerator Spring has announced the three winners of its first water challenge, which saw participants tasked with finding emissions-cutting innovations.
Following the first challenge, new ideas from Siemens (which has offices in Coventry and Worcester), Xylem and Cobalt Water Global have been selected, and their uptake will now be mobilised in the UK through a collaboration of ten water companies.
Spring was launched in 2021 to help the water sector deliver its ambitious Water Innovation 2050 joint strategy. It is backed by all UK and Irish water and wastewater companies.
The Accelerator sets challenges related to the Water Innovation 2050 themes, encouraging the end-to-end process from ideation and assessment to collaboration and adoption. The initial stages of the first challenge, which asked innovators to find ways to reduce operational emissions, have successfully completed, with three new innovations on the fast-track to scaling and adoption.
The selected entries are:
Siemens – Optimising performance and emissions reduction using a white-box digital twin of the wastewater treatment process.
Adam Cartwright, Siemens head of internet of things applications, said: “As a supplier, it is exciting to see your solution transparently and robustly tested.
“With all the water companies coming together and agreeing a common evaluation framework for the trial it will reduce the time it takes to move to scale adoption. For me, this is the number one benefit of the Accelerator process.”
Xylem – Xylem Treatment System Optimisation (TSO) digital twin-based control platform for process optimisation and greenhouse gas reduction in wastewater treatment.
Oliver Puckering, Xylem principal process engineer for digital solutions, said: “Involvement in a truly collaborative approach, to what is one of the critical issues of our time, offers the potential for a best of breed combination of offerings.
“The level of engagement on all fronts has been very promising thus far. Spring is to be commended for this, particularly given this is the first of the challenges.”
Cobalt Water Global – N2ORisk Decision Support System to significantly reduce total greenhouse emissions at wastewater treatment plants by focusing on N2O.
Jose Porro, Cobalt Water Global founder and chief executive, said: “We are thrilled and honoured to have been chosen for the Spring innovation challenge to work with 10 leading UK water companies. We fully support Spring’s initiative to kick-off the challenge series with net zero technologies.
“Not only is it critical to find ways to accelerate innovation but also urgently needed climate action. This Spring challenge does both.”
The next phase of the first challenge has already begun through a series of mobilisation workshops with the three innovators and the water companies. Two of the innovations are already being trialled by Welsh Water, which has hosted an information sharing session with other water companies.
Once individual trials are complete, Severn Trent will lead a collaborative group trial.
Tony Harrington, Welsh Water director of environment and Spring board member, said: “We fully support the drive to accelerate innovation and enable collaboration within the water community and were delighted to share the insights of our trials as part of the Spring Accelerator challenge.
“By taking an open approach, we can help streamline the innovation process and enable faster roll-out of new innovations – something the whole sector will derive great value from.”
Spring Accelerator is now inviting feedback on the first stage of the trials. They are also planning their future challenges based on Water Innovation 2050, which will be added to their website in the coming months.
Carly Perry, Spring managing director said: “We are thrilled to have three innovative companies reach the collaborative phase of the Spring acceleration process. All three ideas have the potential to be gamechangers in helping the sector achieve its net zero challenge, which is why ten water companies want to work collaboratively to progress these innovations.
“I extend a huge thank you to everyone who submitted an idea following our callout back in February and congratulations to Cobalt Water Global, Xylem and Siemens.”
“The value for all of us is in the collaboration. We are excited to learn from our first challenge and to scale that value as we move forward to the next one. We will also be looking at cross-sector collaborations by inviting participation from innovators from a diverse range of industries.” | <urn:uuid:dac64388-a27c-4e98-8f7c-622431d0e03e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.businessinnovationmag.co.uk/spring-accelerator-adds-three-emissions-reducing-innovations-to-the-pipeline/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.942335 | 914 | 1.53125 | 2 |
When faced with a plumbing issue, it’s important to think twice before you attempt to repair the problem yourself. In fact, we recommend getting in touch with a professional such as Absolute Plumbing and Drain to handle the job. You can save yourself a lot of stress and money in the long run. Here are some of the risks associated with DIY plumbing repairs.
It’s important to know what you’re doing when performing plumbing repairs. If you fail to take the necessary precautions, you could worsen the problem and even cause flooding. Many homeowners who try the DIY approach have made the costly mistake of forgetting to shut off the main water valve, and by the time they realize their error, the home is literally swamped. Instead of putting yourself at risk of facing expensive water damage, call a licensed plumber in Walnut Creek, CA to do the job.
Your home’s plumbing is a highly technical system that requires the proper knowledge and tools. Unfortunately, the average homeowner doesn’t have enough experience to perform most plumbing repairs. Simply over tightening a joint can cause a leak. Once a pipe becomes damaged, you’ll ultimately need to purchase a new one. Hiring a plumbing company is well worth the extra peace of mind.
Amateur plumbing repairs often lead to homeowners wasting money. If the project fails, they’ll ultimately have to spend more money on supplies and professional repair. Rather than waste time, effort and money trying the DIY route, get in touch with a professional right away.
Plumbing repairs can present a lot of hidden dangers. You may unknowingly expose yourself to toxic chemicals and mold. Some repairs also require you to squeeze into confined places, which could lead to an injury. When working near appliances, electrocution becomes a real possibility. Contact a professional for the proper plumbing services.
When in need of a reliable plumbing company to handle an emergency plumbing situation, contact the experts at Absolute Plumbing and Drain today. | <urn:uuid:c729d268-8084-42a9-9705-65fc7708b64e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.absoluteplumbinganddrain.com/blog/2021/july/the-risks-of-diy-plumbing-repairs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.961572 | 422 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Labour Day, also known as May Day, is a holiday recognised in most of the countries. I
t is celebrated to commemorate the struggle of the labourers against the exploitative conditions and is celebrated to respect them and ensure a better life for them.
The world would come to a standstill without the labourers and this is why it is crucial to celebrate this day and make a promise to uplift them every day, not only on May 1.
Famous Labour Day Quotes on Hard Work:
Since ancient time, the importance of dedicated labour has been highlighted and acknowledged! If you are looking for such labour day quotes that signify the importance of hard work, here is a list prepared by Captions for the same.
- Nothing ever comes to one that is worth having except as a result of hard work. -Booker T. Washington
- Without labour nothing prospers. -Sophocles
- I learned the value of hard work by working hard. -Margaret Mead
- Genius begins great works. Labour alone finishes them. -Joseph Joubert
- All labour that uplifts humanity has dignity.- Martin Luther King, Jr.
- No human masterpiece has been created without great labour. -Andre Gide
- A man is not paid for having a head and hands, but for using them. -Elbert Hubbard
International Labour Day Caption Wishes:
There is dignity, pride, and power in working for a cause- this is what labour day is about! When you want to celebrate those on whose shoulders do large firms and businesses stand, you must have a special wish to send them! Here are a few such labour day wishes captions:
- If you can work and create, you are the greatest asset to your nation. Happy Workers’ Day
- Every hand that is a part of the labour force of the country is the step of the ladder that helps it rise. Happy May Day!
- A country’s labour is the foundation on which the entire economic prosperity stands. Happy Workers’ Day!
- Workers are the invisible backbone of a nation, as a nation is only able to stand strong because of them. Happy May Day to the workers!
- May Day bears significance to all the labourers of the world, as it is dedicated to their hard work and service. Happy May Day to them!
May Day wishes messages:
A personalized May Day message expressing how much the workers are important can bring a smile to their face. Here are a few messages by Captions that you can choose from:
- Your work, your sweat, your pain, everything counts. You deserve this celebration. Have a great day!
- Let us save this day to honour you and your hard work. Enjoy Labor Day!
- I wish you a very happy May day. Take a good rest so you can join the work more enthusiastically.
- You, dear workers, are the reason for the growth and development of every nation. Happy Workers’ Day!
- Happy May Day to you all. I take this opportunity to thank you all who work for our nation.
Popular Labor Day Hashtags:
#internationallabourday #happylabourday #worldlabourday#labourday #labourday2022 #may #mayday #workersday#internationalworkersday #labourdayweekend #workers#hardwork #captionwala
What’s Twitter talking about:
Reward your staff with these labour day captions:
With these special may day messages, wishes, and quotes, you can light up the days and lives of the workers. Keep spreading the light of prosperity by supporting the labor force!
In case you are looking for captions for your personal profile, and want us to customize it, then contact us!
Happy Labour Day! | <urn:uuid:f240ecb0-5222-47f0-9023-230baa10882f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.captionwala.com/labour-day-captions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.943584 | 794 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Articles | Volume 7, issue 5
Biogeosciences, 7, 1443–1467, 2010
© Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue: Hypoxia
10 May 2010
10 May 2010
Natural and human-induced hypoxia and consequences for coastal areas: synthesis and future development
J. Zhang et al.
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Coastal OceanBiophysical controls on seasonal changes in the structure, growth, and grazing of the size-fractionated phytoplankton community in the northern South China SeaSeasonal dispersal of fjord meltwaters as an important source of iron and manganese to coastal Antarctic phytoplanktonModeling cyanobacteria life cycle dynamics and historical nitrogen fixation in the Baltic ProperSimultaneous assessment of oxygen- and nitrate-based net community production in a temperate shelf sea from a single ocean gliderReviews and syntheses: Physical and biogeochemical processes associated with upwelling in the Indian OceanParticulate organic carbon dynamics in the Gulf of Lion shelf (NW Mediterranean) using a coupled hydrodynamic–biogeochemical modelTechnical note: Novel triple O2 sensor aquatic eddy covariance instrument with improved time shift correction reveals central role of microphytobenthos for carbon cycling in coral reef sandsLong-term spatiotemporal variations in and expansion of low-oxygen conditions in the Pearl River estuary: a study synthesizing observations during 1976–2017Contrasting patterns of carbon cycling and DOM processing in two phytoplankton-bacteria communitiesFe-binding organic ligands in coastal and frontal regions of the western Antarctic PeninsulaTemporal variability and driving factors of the carbonate system in the Aransas Ship Channel, TX, USA: a time series studyNitrogen loss processes in response to upwelling in a Peruvian coastal setting dominated by denitrification – a mesocosm approachRetracing hypoxia in Eckernförde Bight (Baltic Sea)The impact of the freeze–melt cycle of land-fast ice on the distribution of dissolved organic matter in the Laptev and East Siberian seas (Siberian Arctic)The fate of upwelled nitrate off Peru shaped by submesoscale filaments and frontsReviews and Syntheses: Spatial and temporal patterns in metabolic fluxes inform potential for seagrass to locally mitigate ocean acidificationCoastal processes modify projections of some climate-driven stressors in the California Current SystemMixed layer depth dominates over upwelling in regulating the seasonality of ecosystem functioning in the Peruvian Upwelling SystemTemporal dynamics of surface ocean carbonate chemistry in response to natural and simulated upwelling events during the 2017 coastal El Niño near Callao, PeruUpwelling-induced trace gas dynamics in the Baltic Sea inferred from 8 years of autonomous measurements on a ship of opportunityDestruction and reinstatement of coastal hypoxia in the South China Sea off the Pearl River estuaryHypersaline tidal flats as important “blue carbon” systems: a case study from three ecosystemsDrivers and impact of the seasonal variability of the organic carbon offshore transport in the Canary upwelling systemOrganic carbon densities and accumulation rates in surface sediments of the North Sea and SkagerrakAn observation-based evaluation and ranking of historical Earth system model simulations in the northwest North Atlantic OceanCharacterizing the origins of dissolved organic carbon in coastal seawater using stable carbon isotope and light absorption characteristicsWarming and ocean acidification may decrease estuarine dissolved organic carbon export to the oceanChemical characterization of the Punta de Fuencaliente CO2-enriched system (La Palma, NE Atlantic Ocean): a new natural laboratory for ocean acidification studiesThe seasonal phases of an Arctic lagoon reveal the discontinuities of pH variability and CO2 flux at the air–sea interfaceThe northern European shelf as an increasing net sink for CO2Impacts of biogenic polyunsaturated aldehydes on metabolism and community composition of particle-attached bacteria in coastal hypoxiaA Lagrangian study of the contribution of the Canary coastal upwelling to the nitrogen budget of the open North AtlanticDenitrification by benthic foraminifera and their contribution to N-loss from a fjord environmentPelagic primary production in the coastal Mediterranean Sea: variability, trends and contribution to basin scale budgetsA numerical model study of the main factors contributing to hypoxia and its interannual and short-term variability in the East China SeaThe effects of decomposing invasive jellyfish on biogeochemical fluxes and microbial dynamics in an ultra-oligotrophic seaUsing 226Ra and 228Ra isotopes to distinguish water mass distribution in the Canadian Arctic ArchipelagoFactors controlling plankton community production, export flux, and particulate matter stoichiometry in the coastal upwelling system off PeruReconstructing extreme climatic and geochemical conditions during the largest natural mangrove dieback on recordTechnical note: Measurements and data analysis of sediment–water oxygen flux using a new dual-optode eddy covariance instrumentThe impact of intertidal areas on the carbonate system of the southern North SeaThe recent state and variability of the carbonate system of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and adjacent basins in the context of ocean acidificationA regional hindcast model simulating ecosystem dynamics, inorganic carbon chemistry, and ocean acidification in the Gulf of AlaskaRelative impacts of global changes and regional watershed changes on the inorganic carbon balance of the Chesapeake BayDecoupling of ΔO2∕Ar and particulate organic carbon dynamics in nearshore surface ocean watersWind-driven stratification patterns and dissolved oxygen depletion off the Changjiang (Yangtze) EstuaryRemoval of phosphorus and nitrogen in sediments of the eutrophic Stockholm archipelago, Baltic SeaQuantifying the contributions of riverine vs. oceanic nitrogen to hypoxia in the East China SeaMacroalgal metabolism and lateral carbon flows can create significant carbon sinksRegulation of nitrous oxide production in low-oxygen waters off the coast of Peru
Yuan Dong, Qian P. Li, Zhengchao Wu, Yiping Shuai, Zijia Liu, Zaiming Ge, Weiwen Zhou, and Yinchao Chen
Biogeosciences, 18, 6423–6434,Short summary
Temporal change of plankton growth and grazing are less known in the coastal ocean, not to mention the relevant controlling mechanisms. Here, we performed monthly size-specific dilution experiments outside a eutrophic estuary over a 1-year cycle. Phytoplankton growth was correlated to nutrients and grazing mortality to total chlorophyll a. A selective grazing on small cells may be important for maintaining high abundance of large-chain-forming diatoms in this eutrophic system.
Kiefer O. Forsch, Lisa Hahn-Woernle, Robert M. Sherrell, Vincent J. Roccanova, Kaixuan Bu, David Burdige, Maria Vernet, and Katherine A. Barbeau
Biogeosciences, 18, 6349–6375,Short summary
We show that for an unperturbed cold western Antarctic Peninsula fjord, the seasonality of iron and manganese is linked to the dispersal of metal-rich meltwater sources. Geochemical measurements of trace metals in meltwaters, porewaters, and seawater, collected during two expeditions, showed a seasonal cycle of distinct sources. Finally, model results revealed that the dispersal of surface meltwater and meltwater plumes originating from under the glacier is sensitive to katabatic wind events.
Jenny Hieronymus, Kari Eilola, Malin Olofsson, Inga Hense, H. E. Markus Meier, and Elin Almroth-Rosell
Biogeosciences, 18, 6213–6227,Short summary
Dense blooms of cyanobacteria occur every summer in the Baltic Proper and can add to eutrophication by their ability to turn nitrogen gas into dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Being able to correctly estimate the size of this nitrogen fixation is important for management purposes. In this work, we find that the life cycle of cyanobacteria plays an important role in capturing the seasonality of the blooms as well as the size of nitrogen fixation in our ocean model.
Tom Hull, Naomi Greenwood, Antony Birchill, Alexander Beaton, Matthew Palmer, and Jan Kaiser
Biogeosciences, 18, 6167–6180,Short summary
The shallow shelf seas play a large role in the global cycling of CO2 and also support large fisheries. We use an autonomous underwater vehicle in the central North Sea to measure the rates of change in oxygen and nutrients. Using these data we determine the amount of carbon dioxide taken out of the atmosphere by the sea and measure how productive the region is. These observations will be useful for improving our predictive models and help us predict and adapt to a changing ocean.
Puthenveettil Narayana Menon Vinayachandran, Yukio Masumoto, Michael J. Roberts, Jenny A. Huggett, Issufo Halo, Abhisek Chatterjee, Prakash Amol, Garuda V. M. Gupta, Arvind Singh, Arnab Mukherjee, Satya Prakash, Lynnath E. Beckley, Eric Jorden Raes, and Raleigh Hood
Biogeosciences, 18, 5967–6029,Short summary
Upwelling in the coastal ocean triggers biological productivity and thus enhances fisheries. Therefore, understanding the phenomenon of upwelling and the underlying mechanisms is important. In this paper, the present understanding of the upwelling along the coastline of the Indian Ocean from the coast of Africa all the way up to the coast of Australia is reviewed. The review provides a synthesis of the physical processes associated with upwelling and its impact on the marine ecosystem.
Gaël Many, Caroline Ulses, Claude Estournel, and Patrick Marsaleix
Biogeosciences, 18, 5513–5538,Short summary
The Gulf of Lion shelf is one of the most productive areas in the Mediterranean. A model is used to study the mechanisms that drive the particulate organic carbon (POC). The model reproduces the annual cycle of primary production well. The shelf appears as an autotrophic ecosystem with a high production and as a source of POC for the adjacent basin. The increase in temperature induced by climate change could impact the trophic status of the shelf.
Alireza Merikhi, Peter Berg, and Markus Huettel
Biogeosciences, 18, 5381–5395,Short summary
The aquatic eddy covariance technique is a powerful method for measurements of solute fluxes across the sediment–water interface. Data measured by conventional eddy covariance instruments require a time shift correction that can result in substantial flux errors. We introduce a triple O2 sensor eddy covariance instrument that by design eliminates these errors. Deployments next to a conventional instrument in the Florida Keys demonstrate the improvements achieved through the new design.
Jiatang Hu, Zhongren Zhang, Bin Wang, and Jia Huang
Biogeosciences, 18, 5247–5264,Short summary
In situ observations over 42 years were used to explore the long-term changes to low-oxygen conditions in the Pearl River estuary. Apparent expansion of the low-oxygen conditions in summer was identified, primarily due to the combined effects of increased anthropogenic inputs and decreased sediment load. Large areas of severe low-oxygen events were also observed in early autumn and were formed by distinct mechanisms. The estuary seems to be growing into a seasonal, estuary-wide hypoxic zone.
Samu Markku Elovaara, Eeva Liisa Eronen-Rasimus, Eero Jooseppi Asmala, Tobias Tamelander, and Hermanni Pekka Kaartokallio
Revised manuscript accepted for BGShort summary
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a significant carbon pool in the marine environment. The composition of the DOM pool, as well as its interaction with microbes, is complex, yet understanding them is important for understanding global carbon cycling. This study shows that two phytoplankton species have different effects on the composition of the DOM pool and, through the DOM they produce, on the ensuing microbial community. These communities in turn have different effects on DOM composition.
Indah Ardiningsih, Kyyas Seyitmuhammedov, Sylvia G. Sander, Claudine H. Stirling, Gert-Jan Reichart, Kevin R. Arrigo, Loes J. A. Gerringa, and Rob Middag
Biogeosciences, 18, 4587–4601,Short summary
Organic Fe speciation is investigated along a natural gradient of the western Antarctic Peninsula from an ice-covered shelf to the open ocean. The two major fronts in the region affect the distribution of ligands. The excess ligands not bound to dissolved Fe (DFe) comprised up to 80 % of the total ligand concentrations, implying the potential to solubilize additional Fe input. The ligands on the shelf can increase the DFe residence time and fuel local primary production upon ice melt.
Melissa R. McCutcheon, Hongming Yao, Cory J. Staryk, and Xinping Hu
Biogeosciences, 18, 4571–4586,Short summary
We used 5+ years of discrete samples and 10 months of hourly sensor measurements to explore temporal variability and environmental controls on pH and pCO2 at the Aransas Ship Channel. Seasonal and diel variability were both present but small compared to other regions in the literature. Despite the small tidal range, tidal control often surpassed biological control. In comparison with sensor data, discrete samples were generally representative of mean annual and seasonal carbonate chemistry.
Kai G. Schulz, Eric P. Achterberg, Javier Arístegui, Lennart T. Bach, Isabel Baños, Tim Boxhammer, Dirk Erler, Maricarmen Igarza, Verena Kalter, Andrea Ludwig, Carolin Löscher, Jana Meyer, Judith Meyer, Fabrizio Minutolo, Elisabeth von der Esch, Bess B. Ward, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 18, 4305–4320,Short summary
Upwelling of nutrient-rich deep waters to the surface make eastern boundary upwelling systems hot spots of marine productivity. This leads to subsurface oxygen depletion and the transformation of bioavailable nitrogen into inert N2. Here we quantify nitrogen loss processes following a simulated deep water upwelling. Denitrification was the dominant process, and budget calculations suggest that a significant portion of nitrogen that could be exported to depth is already lost in the surface ocean.
Heiner Dietze and Ulrike Löptien
Biogeosciences, 18, 4243–4264,Short summary
In recent years fish-kill events caused by oxygen deficit have been reported in Eckernförde Bight (Baltic Sea). This study sets out to understand the processes causing respective oxygen deficits by combining high-resolution coupled ocean circulation biogeochemical modeling, monitoring data, and artificial intelligence.
Jens A. Hölemann, Bennet Juhls, Dorothea Bauch, Markus Janout, Boris P. Koch, and Birgit Heim
Biogeosciences, 18, 3637–3655,Short summary
The Arctic Ocean receives large amounts of river water rich in terrestrial dissolved organic matter (tDOM), which is an important component of the Arctic carbon cycle. Our analysis shows that mixing of three major freshwater sources is the main factor that regulates the distribution of tDOM concentrations in the Siberian shelf seas. In this context, the formation and melting of the land-fast ice in the Laptev Sea and the peak spring discharge of the Lena River are of particular importance.
Jaard Hauschildt, Soeren Thomsen, Vincent Echevin, Andreas Oschlies, Yonss Saranga José, Gerd Krahmann, Laura A. Bristow, and Gaute Lavik
Biogeosciences, 18, 3605–3629,Short summary
In this paper we quantify the subduction of upwelled nitrate due to physical processes on the order of several kilometers in the coastal upwelling off Peru and its effect on primary production. We also compare the prepresentation of these processes in a high-resolution simulation (~2.5 km) with a more coarsely resolved simulation (~12 km). To do this, we combine high-resolution shipboard observations of physical and biogeochemical parameters with a complex biogeochemical model configuration.
Kristy Kroeker, Tye Kindinger, Heidi Hirsh, Melissa Ward, Tessa Hill, Brittany Jellison, David Koweek, Sarah Lummis, Emily Rivest, George Waldbusser, and Brian Gaylord
Revised manuscript accepted for BGShort summary
Here, we synthesize the results from 62 studies reporting in situ rates of seagrass metabolism to highlight spatial and temporal variability in carbon fluxes and inform efforts to use seagrass to mitigate ocean acidification. Our analyses suggest seagrass meadows are generally autotrophic, variable in space and tie, and the modeled effects on seawater pH are relatively small in magnitude.
Samantha A. Siedlecki, Darren Pilcher, Evan M. Howard, Curtis Deutsch, Parker MacCready, Emily L. Norton, Hartmut Frenzel, Jan Newton, Richard A. Feely, Simone R. Alin, and Terrie Klinger
Biogeosciences, 18, 2871–2890,Short summary
Future ocean conditions can be simulated using projected trends in fossil fuel use paired with Earth system models. Global models generally do not include local processes important to coastal ecosystems. These coastal processes can alter the degree of change projected. Higher-resolution models that include local processes predict modified changes in carbon stressors when compared to changes projected by global models in the California Current System.
Tianfei Xue, Ivy Frenger, A. E. Friederike Prowe, Yonss Saranga José, and Andreas Oschlies
Revised manuscript accepted for BGShort summary
The Peruvian system supports 10 % of the world's fishing yield. In the Peruvian system, wind and earth’s rotation bring cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface and allow phytoplankton to grow. But observations show that it grows worse at high upwelling. Using a model, we find that high upwelling happens when air mixes the water the most. Then phytoplankton is diluted and grows slowly due to low light and cool upwelled water. This study helps to estimate how it might change in a warming climate.
Shao-Min Chen, Ulf Riebesell, Kai G. Schulz, Elisabeth von der Esch, Eric P. Achterberg, and Lennart T. Bach
Revised manuscript accepted for BGShort summary
Oxygen minimum zones in the ocean are characterized by enhanced carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and are being further acidified by increasing anthropogenic atmospheric CO2. Here we report CO2 system measurements in a mesocosm study offshore Peru during a rare coastal El Niño event, to investigate how CO2 dynamics may respond to on-going ocean deoxygenation. Our observations show that nitrogen limitation, productivity and plankton community shift play an important role in driving the CO2 dynamics.
Erik Jacobs, Henry C. Bittig, Ulf Gräwe, Carolyn A. Graves, Michael Glockzin, Jens D. Müller, Bernd Schneider, and Gregor Rehder
Biogeosciences, 18, 2679–2709,Short summary
We use a unique data set of 8 years of continuous carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) surface water measurements from a commercial ferry to study upwelling in the Baltic Sea. Its seasonality and regional and interannual variability are examined. Strong upwelling events drastically increase local surface CO2 and CH4 levels and are mostly detected in late summer after long periods of impaired mixing. We introduce an extrapolation method to estimate regional upwelling-induced trace gas fluxes.
Yangyang Zhao, Khanittha Uthaipan, Zhongming Lu, Yan Li, Jing Liu, Hongbin Liu, Jianping Gan, Feifei Meng, and Minhan Dai
Biogeosciences, 18, 2755–2775,Short summary
In situ oxygen consumption rates were estimated for the first time during destruction of coastal hypoxia as disturbed by a typhoon and its reinstatement in the South China Sea off the Pearl River estuary. The reinstatement of summer hypoxia was rapid with a comparable timescale with that of its initial disturbance from frequent tropical cyclones, which has important implications for better understanding the intermittent nature of coastal hypoxia and its prediction in a changing climate.
Dylan R. Brown, Humberto Marotta, Roberta B. Peixoto, Alex Enrich-Prast, Glenda C. Barroso, Mario L. G. Soares, Wilson Machado, Alexander Pérez, Joseph M. Smoak, Luciana M. Sanders, Stephen Conrad, James Z. Sippo, Isaac R. Santos, Damien T. Maher, and Christian J. Sanders
Biogeosciences, 18, 2527–2538,Short summary
Hypersaline tidal flats (HTFs) are coastal ecosystems with freshwater deficits often occurring in arid or semi-arid regions near mangrove supratidal zones with no major fluvial contributions. This study shows that HTFs are important carbon and nutrient sinks which may be significant given their extensive coverage. Our findings highlight a previously unquantified carbon as well as a nutrient sink and suggest that coastal HTF ecosystems could be included in the emerging blue carbon framework.
Giulia Bonino, Elisa Lovecchio, Nicolas Gruber, Matthias Münnich, Simona Masina, and Doroteaciro Iovino
Biogeosciences, 18, 2429–2448,Short summary
Seasonal variations of processes such as upwelling and biological production that happen along the northwestern African coast can modulate the temporal variability of the biological activity of the adjacent open North Atlantic hundreds of kilometers away from the coast thanks to the lateral transport of coastal organic carbon. This happens with a temporal delay, which is smaller than a season up to roughly 500 km from the coast due to the intense transport by small-scale filaments.
Markus Diesing, Terje Thorsnes, and Lilja Rún Bjarnadóttir
Biogeosciences, 18, 2139–2160,Short summary
The upper 10 cm of the seafloor of the North Sea and Skagerrak contain 231×106 t of carbon in organic form. The Norwegian Trough, the deepest sedimentary basin in the studied area, stands out as a zone of strong organic carbon accumulation with rates on par with neighbouring fjords. Conversely, large parts of the North Sea are characterised by rapid organic carbon degradation and negligible accumulation. This dual character is likely typical for continental shelf sediments worldwide.
Arnaud Laurent, Katja Fennel, and Angela Kuhn
Biogeosciences, 18, 1803–1822,Short summary
CMIP5 and CMIP6 models, and a high-resolution regional model, were evaluated by comparing historical simulations with observations in the northwest North Atlantic, a climate-sensitive and biologically productive ocean margin region. Many of the CMIP models performed poorly for biological properties. There is no clear link between model resolution and skill in the global models, but there is an overall improvement in performance in CMIP6 from CMIP5. The regional model performed best.
Heejun Han, Jeomshik Hwang, and Guebuem Kim
Biogeosciences, 18, 1793–1801,Short summary
The main source of excess DOC occurring in coastal seawater off an artificial lake, which is enclosed by a dike along the western coast of South Korea, was determined using a combination of various biogeochemical tools including DOC and nutrient concentrations, stable carbon isotope, and optical properties (absorbance and fluorescence) of dissolved organic matter in two different seasons (March 2017 and September 2018).
Michelle N. Simone, Kai G. Schulz, Joanne M. Oakes, and Bradley D. Eyre
Biogeosciences, 18, 1823–1838,Short summary
Estuaries are responsible for a large contribution of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to the global C cycle, but it is unknown how this will change in the future. DOC fluxes from unvegetated sediments were investigated ex situ subject to conditions of warming and ocean acidification. The future climate shifted sediment fluxes from a slight DOC source to a significant sink, with global coastal DOC export decreasing by 80 %. This has global implications for C cycling and long-term C storage.
Sara González-Delgado, David González-Santana, Magdalena Santana-Casiano, Melchor González-Dávila, Celso A. Hernández, Carlos Sangil, and José Carlos Hernández
Biogeosciences, 18, 1673–1687,Short summary
We describe the carbon system dynamics of a new CO2 seep system located off the coast of La Palma. We explored for over a year, finding points with lower levels of pH and alkalinity; high levels of carbon; and poorer levels of aragonite and calcite, both essential for calcifying species. The seeps are a key feature for robust experimental designs, aimed at comprehending how life has persisted through past eras or at predicting the consequences of ocean acidification in the marine realm.
Cale A. Miller, Christina Bonsell, Nathan D. McTigue, and Amanda L. Kelley
Biogeosciences, 18, 1203–1221,Short summary
We report here the first year-long high-frequency pH data set for an Arctic lagoon that captures ice-free and ice-covered seasons. pH and salinity correlation varies by year as we observed positive correlation and independence. Photosynthesis is found to drive high pH values, and small changes in underwater solar radiation can result in rapid decreases in pH. We estimate that arctic lagoons may act as sources of CO2 to the atmosphere, potentially offsetting the Arctic Ocean's CO2 sink capacity.
Meike Becker, Are Olsen, Peter Landschützer, Abdirhaman Omar, Gregor Rehder, Christian Rödenbeck, and Ingunn Skjelvan
Biogeosciences, 18, 1127–1147,Short summary
We developed a simple method to refine existing open-ocean maps towards different coastal seas. Using a multi-linear regression, we produced monthly maps of surface ocean fCO2 in the northern European coastal seas (the North Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Norwegian Coast and the Barents Sea) covering a time period from 1998 to 2016. Based on this fCO2 map, we calculate trends in surface ocean fCO2, pH and the air–sea gas exchange.
Zhengchao Wu, Qian P. Li, Zaiming Ge, Bangqin Huang, and Chunming Dong
Biogeosciences, 18, 1049–1065,Short summary
Seasonal hypoxia in the nearshore bottom waters frequently occurs in the Pearl River estuary. Aerobic respiration is the ultimate cause of local hypoxia. We found an elevated level of polyunsaturated aldehydes in the bottom water outside the estuary, which promoted the growth and metabolism of special groups of particle-attached bacteria and thus contributed to oxygen depletion in hypoxic waters. Our results may be important for understanding coastal hypoxia and its linkages to eutrophication.
Derara Hailegeorgis, Zouhair Lachkar, Christoph Rieper, and Nicolas Gruber
Biogeosciences, 18, 303–325,Short summary
Using a Lagrangian modeling approach, this study provides a quantitative analysis of water and nitrogen offshore transport in the Canary Current System. We investigate the timescales, reach and structure of offshore transport and demonstrate that the Canary upwelling is a key source of nutrients to the open North Atlantic Ocean. Our findings stress the need for improving the representation of the Canary system and other eastern boundary upwelling systems in global coarse-resolution models.
Constance Choquel, Emmanuelle Geslin, Edouard Metzger, Helena L. Filipsson, Nils Risgaard-Petersen, Patrick Launeau, Manuel Giraud, Thierry Jauffrais, Bruno Jesus, and Aurélia Mouret
Biogeosciences, 18, 327–341,Short summary
Marine microorganisms such as foraminifera are able to live temporarily without oxygen in sediments. In a Swedish fjord subjected to seasonal oxygen scarcity, a change in fauna linked to the decrease in oxygen and the increase in an invasive species was shown. The invasive species respire nitrate until 100 % of the nitrate porewater in the sediment and could be a major contributor to nitrogen balance in oxic coastal ecosystems. But prolonged hypoxia creates unfavorable conditions to survive.
Paula Maria Salgado-Hernanz, Aurore Regaudie de Gioux, David Antoine, and Gotzon Basterretxea
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Haiyan Zhang, Katja Fennel, Arnaud Laurent, and Changwei Bian
Biogeosciences, 17, 5745–5761,Short summary
In coastal seas, low oxygen, which is detrimental to coastal ecosystems, is increasingly caused by man-made nutrients from land. This is especially so near mouths of major rivers, including the Changjiang in the East China Sea. Here a simulation model is used to identify the main factors determining low-oxygen conditions in the region. High river discharge is identified as the prime cause, while wind and intrusions of open-ocean water modulate the severity and extent of low-oxygen conditions.
Tamar Guy-Haim, Maxim Rubin-Blum, Eyal Rahav, Natalia Belkin, Jacob Silverman, and Guy Sisma-Ventura
Biogeosciences, 17, 5489–5511,Short summary
The availability of nutrients in oligotrophic marine ecosystems is limited. Following jellyfish blooms, large die-off events result in the release of high amounts of nutrients to the water column and sediment. Our study assessed the decomposition effects of an infamous invasive jellyfish in the ultra-oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean Sea. We found that jellyfish decomposition favored heterotrophic bacteria and altered biogeochemical fluxes, further impoverishing this nutrient-poor ecosystem.
Chantal Mears, Helmuth Thomas, Paul B. Henderson, Matthew A. Charette, Hugh MacIntyre, Frank Dehairs, Christophe Monnin, and Alfonso Mucci
Biogeosciences, 17, 4937–4959,Short summary
Major research initiatives have been undertaken within the Arctic Ocean, highlighting this area's global importance and vulnerability to climate change. In 2015, the international GEOTRACES program addressed this importance by devoting intense research activities to the Arctic Ocean. Among various tracers, we used radium and carbonate system data to elucidate the functioning and vulnerability of the hydrographic regime of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, bridging the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.
Lennart Thomas Bach, Allanah Joy Paul, Tim Boxhammer, Elisabeth von der Esch, Michelle Graco, Kai Georg Schulz, Eric Achterberg, Paulina Aguayo, Javier Arístegui, Patrizia Ayón, Isabel Baños, Avy Bernales, Anne Sophie Boegeholz, Francisco Chavez, Gabriela Chavez, Shao-Min Chen, Kristin Doering, Alba Filella, Martin Fischer, Patricia Grasse, Mathias Haunost, Jan Hennke, Nauzet Hernández-Hernández, Mark Hopwood, Maricarmen Igarza, Verena Kalter, Leila Kittu, Peter Kohnert, Jesus Ledesma, Christian Lieberum, Silke Lischka, Carolin Löscher, Andrea Ludwig, Ursula Mendoza, Jana Meyer, Judith Meyer, Fabrizio Minutolo, Joaquin Ortiz Cortes, Jonna Piiparinen, Claudia Sforna, Kristian Spilling, Sonia Sanchez, Carsten Spisla, Michael Sswat, Mabel Zavala Moreira, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 17, 4831–4852,Short summary
The eastern boundary upwelling system off Peru is among Earth's most productive ocean ecosystems, but the factors that control its functioning are poorly constrained. Here we used mesocosms, moored ~ 6 km offshore Peru, to investigate how processes in plankton communities drive key biogeochemical processes. We show that nutrient and light co-limitation keep productivity and export at a remarkably constant level while stoichiometry changes strongly with shifts in plankton community structure.
James Z. Sippo, Isaac R. Santos, Christian J. Sanders, Patricia Gadd, Quan Hua, Catherine E. Lovelock, Nadia S. Santini, Scott G. Johnston, Yota Harada, Gloria Reithmeir, and Damien T. Maher
Biogeosciences, 17, 4707–4726,Short summary
In 2015–2016, a massive mangrove dieback event occurred along ~1000 km of coastline in Australia. Multiple lines of evidence from climate data, wood and sediment samples suggest low water availability within the dead mangrove forest. Wood and sediments also reveal a large increase in iron concentrations in mangrove sediments during the dieback. This study supports the hypothesis that the forest dieback was associated with low water availability driven by a climate-change-related ENSO event.
Markus Huettel, Peter Berg, and Alireza Merikhi
Biogeosciences, 17, 4459–4476,Short summary
Oxygen fluxes are a valued proxy for organic carbon production and mineralization at the seafloor. These fluxes can be measured non-invasively with the aquatic eddy covariance instrument, but the fast, fragile oxygen sensor it uses often causes questionable flux data. We developed a dual-O2-optode instrument and data evaluation method that allow improved flux measurements. Deployments over carbonate sands in the shallow shelf demonstrate that the instrument can produce reliable oxygen flux data.
Fabian Schwichtenberg, Johannes Pätsch, Michael Ernst Böttcher, Helmuth Thomas, Vera Winde, and Kay-Christian Emeis
Biogeosciences, 17, 4223–4245,Short summary
Ocean acidification has a range of potentially harmful consequences for marine organisms. It is related to total alkalinity (TA) mainly produced in oxygen-poor situations like sediments in tidal flats. TA reduces the sensitivity of a water body to acidification. The decomposition of organic material and subsequent TA release in the tidal areas of the North Sea (Wadden Sea) is responsible for reduced acidification in the southern North Sea. This is shown with the results of an ecosystem model.
Alexis Beaupré-Laperrière, Alfonso Mucci, and Helmuth Thomas
Biogeosciences, 17, 3923–3942,Short summary
Ocean acidification is the process by which the oceans are changing due to carbon dioxide emissions from human activities. Studying this process in the Arctic Ocean is essential as this ocean and its ecosystems are more vulnerable to the effects of acidification. Water chemistry measurements made in recent years show that waters in and around the Canadian Arctic Archipelago are considerably affected by this process and show dynamic conditions that might have an impact on local marine organisms.
Claudine Hauri, Cristina Schultz, Katherine Hedstrom, Seth Danielson, Brita Irving, Scott C. Doney, Raphael Dussin, Enrique N. Curchitser, David F. Hill, and Charles A. Stock
Biogeosciences, 17, 3837–3857,Short summary
The coastal ecosystem of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) is especially vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification and climate change. To improve our conceptual understanding of the system, we developed a new regional biogeochemical model setup for the GOA. Model output suggests that bottom water is seasonally high in CO2 between June and January. Such extensive periods of reoccurring high CO2 may be harmful to ocean acidification-sensitive organisms.
Pierre St-Laurent, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Raymond G. Najjar, Elizabeth H. Shadwick, Hanqin Tian, and Yuanzhi Yao
Biogeosciences, 17, 3779–3796,Short summary
Over the past century, estuaries have experienced global (atmospheric CO2 concentrations and temperature) and regional changes (river inputs, land use), but their relative impact remains poorly known. In the Chesapeake Bay, we find that global and regional changes have worked together to enhance how much atmospheric CO2 is taken up by the estuary. The increased uptake is roughly equally due to the global and regional changes, providing crucial perspective for managers of the bay's watershed.
Sarah Z. Rosengard, Robert W. Izett, William J. Burt, Nina Schuback, and Philippe D. Tortell
Biogeosciences, 17, 3277–3298,Short summary
Net community production sets the maximum quantity of phytoplankton carbon available for the marine food web and longer-term storage in the deep ocean. We compared two approaches to estimate this critical variable from autonomous measurements of mixed-layer dissolved oxygen and particulate organic carbon, observing a significant discrepancy between estimates in an upwelling zone near the Oregon coast. We use this discrepancy to assess the fate of organic carbon produced in the mixed layer.
Taavi Liblik, Yijing Wu, Daidu Fan, and Dinghui Shang
Biogeosciences, 17, 2875–2895,Short summary
Multiple factors have been accused of triggering coastal hypoxia off the Changjiang Estuary. In situ observations, remote sensing and numerical simulation data were used to study dissolved oxygen depletion in the area. Oxygen distributions can be explained by wind forcing and river discharge, as well as concurrent features in surface and deep layer circulation. If summer monsoon prevails, hypoxia more likely occurs in the north while hypoxia in the south appears if the summer monsoon is weaker.
Niels A. G. M. van Helmond, Elizabeth K. Robertson, Daniel J. Conley, Martijn Hermans, Christoph Humborg, L. Joëlle Kubeneck, Wytze K. Lenstra, and Caroline P. Slomp
Biogeosciences, 17, 2745–2766,Short summary
We studied the removal of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in the eutrophic Stockholm archipelago (SA). High sedimentation rates and sediment P contents lead to high P burial. Benthic denitrification is the primary nitrate-reducing pathway. Together, these mechanisms limit P and N transport to the open Baltic Sea. We expect that further nutrient load reduction will contribute to recovery of the SA from low-oxygen conditions and that the sediments will continue to remove part of the P and N loads.
Fabian Große, Katja Fennel, Haiyan Zhang, and Arnaud Laurent
Biogeosciences, 17, 2701–2714,Short summary
In the East China Sea, hypoxia occurs frequently from spring to fall due to high primary production and subsequent decomposition of organic matter. Nitrogen inputs from the Changjiang and the open ocean have been suggested to contribute to hypoxia formation. We used a numerical modelling approach to quantify the relative contributions of these nitrogen sources. We found that the Changjiang dominates, which suggests that nitrogen management in the watershed would improve oxygen conditions.
Kenta Watanabe, Goro Yoshida, Masakazu Hori, Yu Umezawa, Hirotada Moki, and Tomohiro Kuwae
Biogeosciences, 17, 2425–2440,Short summary
Macroalgal beds are among the vegetated coastal ecosystems that take up atmospheric CO2. We investigated the relationships between macroalgal metabolism and inorganic and organic carbon fluxes in a temperate macroalgal bed during the productive time of year. The macroalgal metabolism formed water with low CO2 and high dissolved organic carbon concentrations that was then exported offshore. This export process potentially enhances CO2 uptake in and around macroalgal beds.
Claudia Frey, Hermann W. Bange, Eric P. Achterberg, Amal Jayakumar, Carolin R. Löscher, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Elizabeth León-Palmero, Mingshuang Sun, Xin Sun, Ruifang C. Xie, Sergey Oleynik, and Bess B. Ward
Biogeosciences, 17, 2263–2287,Short summary
The production of N2O via nitrification and denitrification associated with low-O2 waters is a major source of oceanic N2O. We investigated the regulation and dynamics of these processes with respect to O2 and organic matter inputs. The transcription of the key nitrification gene amoA rapidly responded to changes in O2 and strongly correlated with N2O production rates. N2O production by denitrification was clearly stimulated by organic carbon, implying that its supply controls N2O production.
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On July 19 we joined the Poor People’s Campaign, protesting near Capitol Hill with 100 people from all over the country who are willing to risk arrest to get voting rights, and to speak out against the voter suppression tactics rolling out nationwide. Even though we’re not old enough to vote yet, we’re ready to fight for our right to do so when the time comes, because we’ve seen from history that democracy has to be fought for.
When most people think about the civil rights movement and the fight for voting rights, they think of the work of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, and other adults who organized and strategized. But today, we remember Audrey Faye Hendricks, a nine-year-old girl who was arrested in 1963 during the Birmingham Children’s Crusade as she protested racism and segregation laws. Audrey Faye Hendricks was young, but she still made an impact on history. She lit the torch, and we are the ones to carry it.
At the Seneca Falls Convention, 173 years ago this week, women raised awareness of the issues of their day, including economic inequality, injustice, and voting rights — but failed to address racism and anti-Blackness. Today, women of all races, ages, and genders are demanding the right to vote and to raise the minimum wage. We stand with our friends, family, and allies in the movement to protest these same issues.
We can’t deny that progress has been made, but at the same time, it is discouraging to see legislators who are supposed to get their power from the people using that power to harm and marginalize others through voter suppression. We will not stand for this. Generations of women before us have shown the power we have when we come together, and we will use that same power to ensure our voting rights. Right now we are too young to vote, but if this path of voter suppression continues, we fear there will be nothing left when we are of age.
For our entire lives we have watched people in our families and communities organize to build power among the disenfranchised, including with the Poor People’s Campaign. The impact this has on our lives shows us the importance of caring for those who others say don’t matter.
Together we declare: Lawmakers cannot take our voice. Their actions may seek to take away our right to vote or access to elections, but we are here because we want to speak up against these bullies. There are other young people who feel the same as we do, and when one person speaks out, more people will join in. We want to show other young people that they can stand up and use their voice too.
We believe this action and others like it will call attention to the rights that women deserve. On Monday, we marched and chanted in the streets. It was so energizing. Marches like this show people in power that everyone, no matter their gender, age, or race, deserves their voting rights. | <urn:uuid:81780eff-9bab-4ec7-82ba-effb58450ac6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://m-prod.teenvogueinsider.com/story/protect-voting-rights-voter-suppression-threatens-future-poor-peoples-campaign | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.967813 | 616 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Parents are entrusted with immense duty of raising well-adjusted young children. Children, who develop as much as be assets towards the society and not a nuisance. Teaching kids to be kind is just one of these lessons that make them an asset to community. Get additional information and facts about kindness books for kids
Kindness might be defined as an unselfish act to help other people or simply a trait of friendliness, compassion and empathy. What exactly is surprising about kindness is that, though engaged in unselfishly, it significantly rewards the doer. So, it wouldn’t be incorrect to say Kindness can also be being type and considerate to oneself.
More than the previous decade, there has been a steady enhance in emotional and mental problems, specifically amongst youngsters. This, without the need of a doubt, has been accompanied by a decrease in happiness and contentment. Anything that is incredibly important to a healthy state of thoughts.
Why Teaching Children to become Kind is Indispensable?
For those of you who considerably think in self-care, listed here are some excellent factors to teach children to become sort:
- Elevated Sense of Happiness: Heard the adage “What goes about, comes around”? Effectively, whenever you are sort it does come back. Research show that act of kindness enhance Endorphins – the content hormones within the physique.
Endorphins are the chemicals that stimulate brain regions associated with joy, trust and social connections. Therefore once you engage in a type act, these areas of your brain are activated which helps you experience an elated sense of happiness. The best part, these feelings are contagious like flu.
So in case you want your youngster to be happy and content material, teach him to be kind to other individuals. It is certainly going to come back!
- Combats Bullying: A youngster who has been taught to be sort and therefore stay attuned to other people’s emotions, will seldom engage in bullying. In the comparable manner, a kid who’s empathetic and type would earn several close friends. Therefore, significantly less likely to become bullied. Teaching young children to be sort can be a total win-win within this case.
- Enhanced Self-Esteem: Keep in mind becoming sort releases Endorphins – the content hormones? These content hormones not simply make your kid happier but additionally aid her really feel far more connected to her environment. This connection is pivotal in advertising self-esteem, sense of well-being and self-assurance.
- Much better Overall Health: Type deeds release one more vital chemical within the body – Oxytocin. The incredibly chemical connected with anxiety. Greater amount of Oxytocin assists combat pressure and anxiousness as a result contributing to better mental health. Additionally, it assists reduce blood pressure.
Serotonin, a further neurochemical, can also be released if you engage to help someone. Serotonin is accountable for the mood and increased levels enable counter bad mood and depression.
- Enhanced Concentration: Kindness isn’t limited to mental, social and health benefits alone. Additionally, it positively impacts concentration, memory, sleep and digestion by rising the serotonin levels in the body. Therefore, helping children to concentrate and study much better.
These benefits make a powerful case for teaching kindness. The truth is, teaching children to become sort is more crucial than ever. Using a rise of digital media, shortened family time, improved social and peer pressures, kindness has turn into THE crucial life skill to develop.
Just like all other capabilities, kindness has to be taught. It is actually not something that a youngster is born with. It must be inculcated by way of behavior and demonstration. Patty O’Grady, an specialist in emotional learning, neuroscience along with a specialist in good psychology and education, believes
Hence, to teach your youngsters to be type you must model empathy. Only after you are willing to know your child’s feelings and step into their shoes, it is possible to model kindness towards them. This would fire up your child’s mirror neurons and enable them emulate the behavior. | <urn:uuid:244c1368-9b93-438c-9012-2e01c3d5c794> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.geeksscan.com/teaching-kidness-to-youngsters-why-it-matters-and-tips-on-how-to-nurture-it/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.950745 | 850 | 3.75 | 4 |
Read the Parkview MB Church Holy Week Devotional
Welcome to the Parkview MB Church Holy Week Devotional
I want to encourage you to journey with us each week from Palm Sunday to Easter. Each devotional is written by a different person from our church to provide multiple people an op-portunity to contribute. More importantly, we all get to hear different perspectives and insights throughout the week.
How to use this devotional:
The devotional is an opportunity for you to engage with the Scripture texts that I will not be preaching from this year. Each day, two sets of Scripture are listed. There is the devotional reading that the devotion is based on. You will need to read the devotional reading in your Bible (or Bible app) before reading the devotional. The second Scripture passage listed is the additional reading. If you read all of the devotional readings and additional readings, you will read all of the verses from the triumphal entry to the resurrection.
Start with prayer. Ask God to open your heart and mind to what He would reveal to you during your reading. Each week there are reflection questions included during or at the end of the devotional. Take the time to sit with each question and let God guide you as you reflect.
My prayer is that during Holy Week you would be inspired to live for the one who died for us all.
At the end of the devotional, you will find a guide for Maundy Thursday worship. Whether you are alone or with a family or small group, I want to encourage you to set aside a specific time to reflect on our Lord’s betrayal and sacrifice. | <urn:uuid:77d9ce90-d187-4bca-82d7-9f17944ed85f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cherenkoff.com/post_1371/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.95741 | 335 | 1.601563 | 2 |
The main branches are master and develop as described here:
Please create a new branch for each issue. Also it would be a good idea to call the branch with the number of the issue and a short text, ie:
git checkout -b 77_crashonstart
We use conventional commits guideline as specified in https://conventionalcommits.org/ Each commit must be for a reason, and we should have an issue for that, so we decided to add the issue number in the footer.
<type>[optional scope]: <description> [optional body] footer #issue
fix: active virtual machines can not be started When a virtual machine is already active, do not try to start it and return #77
Show the branch in the message¶
Add the file prepare-commit-msg to the directory .git/hooks/ with this content:
Remember to give permission to execute,
chmod a+x prepare-commit-msg
#!/bin/sh # # Automatically adds branch name and branch description to every commit message. # NAME=$(git branch | grep '*' | sed 's/* //') DESCRIPTION=$(git config branch."$NAME".description) TEXT=$(cat "$1" | sed '/^#.*/d') if [ -n "$TEXT" ] then echo "$NAME"': '$(cat "$1" | sed '/^#.*/d') > "$1" if [ -n "$DESCRIPTION" ] then echo "" >> "$1" echo $DESCRIPTION >> "$1" fi else echo "Aborting commit due to empty commit message." exit 1 fi
Before committing, make sure it passes all the tests. This should be run specially when changing the master and develop branches. Notice some tests require root access, so it must run with sudo.
perl Makefile.PL && make && sudo make test
If you want to run only one test:
perl Makefile.PL && make && sudo prove -b t/dir/file.t
Proper testing requires the Perl Module Test::SQL::Data , available here: https://github.com/frankiejol/Test-SQL-Data
Check our contribution guide for more information about this topic. | <urn:uuid:32cb3859-9dec-4ff7-bd2f-69f15f833ab3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ravada.readthedocs.io/en/latest/devel-docs/commit-rules.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.742899 | 505 | 1.960938 | 2 |
In an alarming development, India’s Omicron caseload jumped by a third in one day. The country now has 358 cases of the newly detected variant of Covid-19 across 17 states and Union Territories.
As per the Union Health Ministry, 114 people have recovered after being treated. The active Omicron caseload in India is now 244, the government said.
Most Omicron cases in India have been reported from Maharashtra (88), Delhi (67), Telangana (38), Tamil Nadu (34), Karnataka (31), Gujarat (30), Kerala (27), Rajasthan (22). Odisha, Haryana, J&K, Andhra Pradesh, Bengal, UP, Chandigarh, Ladakh and Uttarakhand have reported between one and four cases each of the new variant.
Meanwhile, India is yet to give its nod to the booster doses of the Covid vaccines. On the other side, several countries, including the US, the UK, and Australia, have already started the third round of inoculations. | <urn:uuid:93255b6d-d8aa-4350-998c-f03a8ca2b36a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.telugubulletin.com/covid-19-omicron-cases-in-india-reach-358-150553 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.928599 | 221 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Diploma of Audiometry
National Course Code: HLT57415
The nationally accredited Diploma in Audiomentry is the perfect course for those who want to enrich the lives of others and improve their hearing. Enabling you to be qualified as a audiometrist working in medical or industrial contexts, this course is your first step to a rewarding career.
LEARN NEW SKILLS
Through a mix of theory and practical coursework, learn to:
- Assess and respond to occupational noise risks
- Conduct hearing assessments to identify hearing impairment
- Act and provide solutions based on test results
- Provide first aid and comply with infection prevention and control policies and procedures
DEVELOP YOUR TALENT
Develop the attributes to help you get ahead:
- Great communication skills
- Eagerness to work with people
- Collaboration and teamwork
- Audiometrist (working in medical or industrial contexts)
This course is currently available at 1 campus location across NSW. Enquire now for other locations. | <urn:uuid:54a943b1-9c6e-450a-aaa8-ac88c8e7b77e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tafensw.edu.au/course/-/c/c/HLT57415-01/Diploma-of-Audiometry?deliverymode=COUR-ONCOR | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.919702 | 226 | 1.617188 | 2 |
The /r/LearnJapanese Wiki
for all your Japanese learning needs!
New to learning Japanese?
If you’re new to the Japanese language, I’d like to direct you to our Starter’s Guide, aimed to help those with no knowledge of Japanese to start their journey.
Have any questions?
If you’re looking for the answer to a question you have about the Japanese language, please check out our FAQ or use the search function to see if your question has already been answered. Make sure to join the weekly ShitsuMonday thread - have a look at most of the previous threads here and here.
Join the Discord and chat with us!
Check out our awesome official subreddit Discord server that has language exchanges, voice chat, weekly events, and even a resources tab! Go check it out! https://discord.gg/8bEevDY
Looking for material?
For more advanced learners and those who wish to try something new, please check out our Resources page.
Also, be sure to check out the Subreddit Rules page for some simple guidelines about your interactions in the subreddit, as well as a few tips and tricks to help you on your way.
Guides, Articles & Notable Discussion (page to be created)
Pending review -- links to be reviewed and potentially included in the FAQ or resources page
Many thanks to the following users for their contributions and their efforts to the wiki (in no particular order).
revision by hikanwoi— view source | <urn:uuid:15232a89-6d1c-4bd4-b6c4-35de708de71f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.reddit.com/r/LearnJapanese/wiki/index | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.91929 | 337 | 2.109375 | 2 |
UIDAI introduces virtual Aadhaar IDs to tighten security, but it may have come too late
Citizens can now do Aadhaar authentication with virtual IDs instead of the 12-digit biometric number. Security experts think this should have happened right at the outset.
In its latest measure to curb Aadhaar data breaches, the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) has announced a virtual ID feature and limited KYC verification for users. Aadhaar holders can now generate a 16-digit virtual ID (a random combination of numbers) by themselves on the UIDAI website.
Virtual IDs can be generated multiple times and used at all service agencies that require Aadhaar authentication. Every time a new ID is generated, the older ones get auto cancelled. UIDAI has stated that this two-step safety layer will shield the 12-digit biometric Aadhaar ID, and prevent it from being stored with third-party agencies.
All agencies that require Aadhaar authentication have to implement support for virtual IDs by June 1. Any failure to comply will result in “financial disincentives” and a possible removal from Aadhaar access, the UIDAI notified in a circular. UIDAI will release APIs and started accepting virtual IDs from March 1.
It believes that virtual IDs will prevent leaks and help secure the personal information of 119 crore citizens who have already been enrolled in the Aadhaar ecosystem. This development comes just a day after an RBI-organised thinktank expressed serious concerns around Aadhaar making it clear that it was a hotbed for cyber criminals.
"Aadhaar faces a number of challenges over the short and long-term. In an era when cyber threats are frequent, the major challenge for UIDAI is to protect the data under its control since the biometrics is now an important national asset which has huge ramifications for various government programmes and the banking system,” the RBI had stated.
It also comes shortly after The Tribune exposed an Aadhaar data breach that hinted at commercial misuse of the database. UIDAI though denied any such privacy breach.
Too little, too late?
While on the surface, a virtual ID and a two-step safety system sounds positive, it might have come a little too late considering hundreds of millions of Indians have already shared their 12-digit IDs with banks, telecom operators, gas suppliers, mobile wallets, and scores of other agencies that made Aadhaar-linking compulsory.
Talking to YourStory, Ankush Johar, Director of Infosec Ventures (an infrastructure security solutions provider for government and commercial businesses), says
The question is, why now? Virtual IDs should have been the way to go from Day One. Only about two to three percent of the 1.2 billion would be bothered to go to the UIDAI website and generate virtual IDs for every service. It is too late in the day to have woken up.
On the agencies’ side too, implementation of the virtual ID system may not be as easy as it sounds. Large businesses and services will do it soon “because they do not want to be on the wrong side of the UIDAI”, but for smaller entities, compliance might pose a problem.
"On the technical side, it is a simple thing to do and would not incur much costs. But if it is an architecture-level change, it might be difficult for small operators. For instance, if a rural bank has done eKYC verification for thousands of customers on remote tablets, it might be a logistical issue for them to call them back and get it redone," Johar further explains.
There is a timeframe to abide by as well. Between March 1 and June 1, all services that required Aadhaar authentication have to be ready with virtual ID acceptance systems. Only time will tell how this pans out! | <urn:uuid:d1aaa068-aebc-4c03-a214-b90fcc04c791> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://yourstory.com/2018/01/uidai-introduces-virtual-aadhaar-ids-tighten-security-may-come-late/amp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.944067 | 766 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Seeing the Win32/GenKryptik.FQNE detection means that your computer is in big danger. This virus can correctly be identified as ransomware – sort of malware which ciphers your files and asks you to pay for their decryption. Stopping it requires some peculiar steps that must be taken as soon as possible.
It is better to prevent, than repair and repent!
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Win32/GenKryptik.FQNE detection is a virus detection you can spectate in your computer. It generally appears after the preliminary actions on your computer – opening the suspicious e-mail, clicking the banner in the Web or mounting the program from unreliable sources. From the instance it shows up, you have a short time to do something about it before it starts its malicious activity. And be sure – it is much better not to wait for these destructive things.
What is Win32/GenKryptik.FQNE virus?
Win32/GenKryptik.FQNE is ransomware-type malware. It looks for the files on your disk drive, encrypts it, and then asks you to pay the ransom for receiving the decryption key. Besides making your documents inaccessible, this virus additionally does a ton of damage to your system. It alters the networking setups in order to stop you from looking for the removal guides or downloading the antivirus. In rare cases, Win32/GenKryptik.FQNE can additionally block the launching of anti-malware programs.
In total, Win32/GenKryptik.FQNE ransomware activities in the infected computer are next:
- SetUnhandledExceptionFilter detected (possible anti-debug);
- Behavioural detection: Executable code extraction – unpacking;
- Yara rule detections observed from a process memory dump/dropped files/CAPE;
- Creates RWX memory;
- Dynamic (imported) function loading detected;
- Performs HTTP requests potentially not found in PCAP.;
- CAPE extracted potentially suspicious content;
- The binary contains an unknown PE section name indicative of packing;
- The binary likely contains encrypted or compressed data.;
- Authenticode signature is invalid;
- CAPE detected the OnlyLogger malware family;
- Attempts to modify proxy settings;
- Encrypting the files located on the target’s drives — so the victim cannot open these files;
- Blocking the launching of .exe files of security tools
- Blocking the launching of installation files of anti-virus apps
Ransomware has actually been a headache for the last 4 years. It is hard to realize a more harmful virus for both individuals and companies. The algorithms used in Win32/GenKryptik.FQNE (usually, RHA-1028 or AES-256) are not hackable – with minor exclusions. To hack it with a brute force, you need a lot more time than our galaxy already exists, and possibly will exist. However, that virus does not do all these bad things immediately – it may take up to a few hours to cipher all of your files. Thus, seeing the Win32/GenKryptik.FQNE detection is a clear signal that you have to start the removal process.
Where did I get the Win32/GenKryptik.FQNE?
Typical ways of Win32/GenKryptik.FQNE spreading are standard for all other ransomware examples. Those are one-day landing web pages where users are offered to download and install the free program, so-called bait emails and hacktools. Bait emails are a quite new tactic in malware distribution – you get the e-mail that simulates some regular notifications about shipments or bank service conditions modifications. Inside of the e-mail, there is a malicious MS Office file, or a link which leads to the exploit landing site.
Preventing it looks fairly easy, however, still needs a lot of awareness. Malware can hide in various places, and it is better to prevent it even before it goes into your system than to depend on an anti-malware program. Standard cybersecurity knowledge is just an essential item in the modern-day world, even if your interaction with a computer remains on YouTube videos. That may save you a lot of time and money which you would spend while trying to find a fix guide.
Win32/GenKryptik.FQNE malware technical details
File Info:name: 99F4AFCEBDB4414982FD.mlwpath: /opt/CAPEv2/storage/binaries/0a01736478e9bb7faebb0644df58d24432af4923624db88f11c00499e1f8bce2crc32: 56E80CCEmd5: 99f4afcebdb4414982fd10f8b5f06e52sha1: 10785dd882d381b2d52dc07c28bf4888188fab1csha256: 0a01736478e9bb7faebb0644df58d24432af4923624db88f11c00499e1f8bce2sha512: 8d379be979cd88643a37fc23934f400ba9faaccc239f8fa49ebc702365bd38c1e6a3abd117bce95eb8abfe75c3570944cdb522f97f55ea2b2805cf95011d4596ssdeep: 6144:ukLHEmaAafpgNsJeub61tKQ4KhW0uM1EGYhL1tfLl6JgOP4X4/CR:uLmaAsgsJhhQ4KBxCLH8t4XU0type: PE32 executable (GUI) Intel 80386, for MS Windowstlsh: T1B574BF10BB90D035F0B712F84976D3A9BA3E7AA15B3095CB63E52BE90A346E1DC31357sha3_384: 0787261098e09f30957663dafa3faedddee08952a95c9bf7f03db35543f528d3ed4efd5e3694d738632796a7e8b53581ep_bytes: 8bff558bece8a6750000e8110000005dtimestamp: 2021-06-10 08:41:27
Version Info:0: [No Data]
Win32/GenKryptik.FQNE also known as:
|Elastic||malicious (high confidence)|
|ESET-NOD32||a variant of Win32/GenKryptik.FQNE|
|Sophos||ML/PE-A + Troj/Krypt-FV|
|MAX||malware (ai score=83)|
|Cynet||Malicious (score: 100)|
|SentinelOne||Static AI – Malicious PE|
How to remove Win32/GenKryptik.FQNE?
Win32/GenKryptik.FQNE malware is very difficult to erase manually. It places its documents in numerous places throughout the disk, and can restore itself from one of the parts. In addition, a number of modifications in the windows registry, networking settings and Group Policies are quite hard to identify and revert to the original. It is better to make use of a specific tool – exactly, an anti-malware tool. GridinSoft Anti-Malware will fit the most ideal for virus elimination objectives.
Why GridinSoft Anti-Malware? It is pretty light-weight and has its detection databases updated just about every hour. Additionally, it does not have such bugs and exploits as Microsoft Defender does. The combination of these details makes GridinSoft Anti-Malware perfect for taking out malware of any kind.
Remove the viruses with GridinSoft Anti-Malware
- Download and install GridinSoft Anti-Malware. After the installation, you will be offered to perform the Standard Scan. Approve this action.
- Standard scan checks the logical disk where the system files are stored, together with the files of programs you have already installed. The scan lasts up to 6 minutes.
- When the scan is over, you may choose the action for each detected virus. For all files of [SHORT_NAME] the default option is “Delete”. Press “Apply” to finish the malware removal.
User Review( votes) | <urn:uuid:9696113e-df6d-4357-a12a-9f28faf4ce8a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://howtofix.guide/win32-genkryptik-fqne/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.770724 | 2,465 | 2.171875 | 2 |
The value of gold throughout centuries
Throughout its history, mankind has used many types and forms of money: from tea leaves to cattle. Over time, the role of money and its functions were taken over by precious metals, and gold proved its supremacy over other metals.
What was the reason for the global success of gold and its unfading glory?
The ancient philosopher Aristotle listed five qualities that ideal money should have. Check if the gold meets these criteria:
Durability: gold is a very durable metal – it does not deteriorate over time and can hardly be destroyed.
Divisibility: if the gold bar is divided into several equal parts, each of them will be highly valuable, unlike pieces of torn banknotes.
Fungibility: gold coins that are minted according to one standard are always interchangeable. This is their advantage, for example, over animal skins, each of which differs from the other.
Portability:be it a small ingot or a coin, gold is the greatest source of wealth.
Intrinsically valuable: gold is a rare and globally recognizable metal, which makes it a valuable medium of payment and exchange.
Given these advantages, the yellow metal ceased to be just a decorative item, and soon began to be used in financial transactions.
In the photo: the ancient Greek thinker Aristotle considered gold to be ideal money.
The famous Austrian philosopher and economist, author of the “Theory of Money and Credit” Ludwig von Mises argued that real money had to be something of great value. The banknote paper was neither expensive nor rare, therefore paper money remains only a temporary means of payment, which will inevitably depreciate.
Since ancient times, gold has been an object of worship, symbolizing wealth and prosperity. For thousands of years, the yellow metal's value has never been called into question. Numerous forms of money disappeared without a trace, but gold has not lost its relevance and continues to play a major role in society.
A widely used resource
As a result of the rapid technological progress, new properties of gold have been discovered: high electrical and thermal conductivity, the ability to reflect infrared light (IR), not to mention therapeutic properties. Gold is widely used in many industries: electronics, automotive, pharmaceuticals, space technology, etc. Gold can be found in the most devices that we use in the everyday life.
In the photo: there are plenty of gold components in electronic devices and chips that can be extracted for recycling purposes.
Moreover, gold jewellery is in high demand all over the world to this day.
The basis of Financial Security
Even though gold no longer has the status of official money, it remains an important element of the financial system. The noble metal fulfills the function of finance preservation and accumulation. Gold is not subject to negative economic factors, serving as a protection against financial losses in times of crisis.
In recent years, the demand for gold among ordinary people and central banks of various countries has increased. In conditions of economic uncertainty, both citizens and state leaders strive to strengthen Financial Security. Such a tendency has a positive impact on the gold price increase.
In the graph: the increase of the price of gold over the past year.
Another circumstance that requires special attention: the amount of gold is limited, meaning that the humanity will face a gold deficit in the near future. Gradually disappearing from the international market, gold will rise in price, becoming a high-demand resource. | <urn:uuid:d1c4dc0b-7238-4e8d-a3aa-c52dfd935fa4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.globalintergold.info/en/the-value-of-gold-throughout-centuries-zo167/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.948158 | 726 | 3.109375 | 3 |
In case you have a British shorthair or an American curl as a pet, you may notice some of its bizarre acts. For instance, it may rub sides of face or head against your legs, the main entrance door or almost anything. This may have left you wondering what makes cats resort to enacting such oddball acts. It certainly cannot be that its chin or cheeks are itching all the time. It appears as if it is trying to caress itself or trying to get your attention. But cats don’t have to make any extra efforts to attract your attention as their absolute cuteness instinctively titillates you to give them a cuddle. So, why does your kitty rub against stuff?
Why Do Cats Rub Against Stuff?
Leave a Time Stamp
A cat often rubs its face or head to claim its presence in the surroundings. Quite often the bunting acts as a sort of time stamp or mark to let other cats know how recently it left. Relatively fresh markings indicate that the territory has been marked out and other cats should leave this area to avoid conflicts.
Just as dogs mark their territories by urinating in a particular area or by digging on the ground, cats stake their claim by rubbing against things or persons they prefer to leave their unique scents on them.
In case you have more than one cat, you’ll notice that cats usually go around and sniff an object, arch their bodies up and then press or massage against that object. Cats want to reinforce the feeling amongst themselves that they together make up a close-knit group. The cat’s act of pressing against your face or legs every time you enter the house is an indication that you too are being claimed and reclaimed as a group member.
Communicate With Others
Your pet cat could also be sending out specific signals that it is hungry or that it wishes to go outdoors by pressing against you. If it strokes against another cat of its tribe, then your cat may want you to give it a grooming. If it wants to play outside, your cat might rub against you, telling you to open the door.
Try to Be Affectionate
You may have spotted cats in your households or elsewhere lightly knocking or ramming their heads against each other. Sometimes, it even butts its head against you often followed by purring. Such acts indicate that your cats have an excellent rapport with each other as well as with you. This is the third most common behavioral pattern that answers the question, "Why do cats rub against stuff?"
Leave a Scent Trail
Scent glands are to be found almost all over a cat’s body including the chin, head, lips, paws, tail and the flanks, which ooze a chemical substance known as pheromone. When the cat presses or strokes its body against other felines or you, it leaves its scent behind. Though you cannot smell the pheromones, the scent surely can be picked up by cats.
The rubbing act which is termed as "bunting" is usually done with the head and the cat generally chooses to bunt on objects or things are easily distinguishable or prominent like a high chair, the leg of a long settee or the corner of a wall. The scent trail left by pheromones conveys a particular feline’s reproductive status, or his or her identity, etc. Tomcats are given to bunting more than queen cats.
Function as a Sexual Signal
Bunting stamps or marks during the mating season strongly imply that the cat is looking forward to mate. In this context, tomcats eagerly look out for marks left by females more than the other way round.
Sometimes, a cat may bunt in order to gain a better understanding of his or her immediate environment as well as to find out more about other cats or humans they’re not familiar with. A brunt or a rubbing of the head with other cats is also a way of greeting. Undomesticated or wild cats that live in cohesive groups resort to this type of behavior to demonstrate their allegiance to the group.
Sometimes, the scent marks indicate that the feline is trying to adapt itself in surroundings or environment it is not familiar or comfortable with. When the pheromones released during bunting contain synthetic elements, it is a sign that the cat is nervous, unduly distressed and trying to relax. Scent-marks are not anything long-term, so the feline often comes back to leave a fresh mark after sometime.
Know the Meaning of 4 More Behaviors of Cats
Yes, you’d be right to infer that your feline pet is in high spirits if you catch it purring. But at the same time, it may also be a sign that it is inflicted with an injury or that it is not keeping well. The purring may be an invitation for you to stay and not leave it alone.
Swish Tail Rapidly
If you spot your cat swishing its tail quite rapidly, it's a strong signal that it feels threatened and is displaying aggressive demeanor. In such a circumstance, first see whether the surroundings are safe for your cat and thereafter offer it food to soothe its mood.
A cat would meow or hiss aggressively to let others know that it is not happy with what’s going on and may also indicate that it feels jeopardized.
Cats tend to meow almost exclusively to humans in order to communicate with them. And every cat tailors its "meowing language" to its owners. So, if you spend more time with your cats, you’d be able to make out why they meow to you
So, you have known almost all the possible answers to the question, "why do cats rub against stuff?". If you’ve any suggestions of your own, please feel free to leave comments below. | <urn:uuid:5428d07a-072f-4fce-884c-430c6302c764> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.enki-village.com/why-do-cats-rub-against-stuff.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.965237 | 1,229 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Whether you call it soda, pop, or coke, soft drinks have become ubiquitous refreshments, providing consumers with a cool, sweet beverage on the hottest days. Unfortunately, the modern soft drink is packed with sugar or artificial sweeteners while providing very little in terms of actual nutrition. What’s worse, sodas may actually be harming your gut health. Read on to learn more about how consuming soft drinks affects your gut health and general wellbeing.
Soft Drinks and You
In general, soft drinks are not good for your health, and regular consumption of sugary sodas may actually do you harm.
The excessive high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) found in sodas is easily converted to fat or glycogen (stored carbs). Long term fat accumulation can overload the liver. In one study, researchers found that overconsumption of sugar and fructose led to an alarming 27% increase in liver fat. Serious health problems such as fatty liver and other concerns has been associated with HFCS.
Zero Nutritional Value
Soda provides absolutely zero nutritional value. It contains no essential nutrients, vitamins, minerals, or dietary fiber. The one thing it does provide is excessive amounts of sugar, often in the form of high-fructose corn syrup, and the calories associated with that.
The sugar used in soft drinks is generally comprised of large amounts of fructose. While it tastes sweet and satisfying, fructose has not been shown to lower the hunger hormone or otherwise make you feel full the way glucose does. However, you still get the calories from the fructose. In other words, you get the additional calories of soda on top of the calories of your meal. One study found that participants who drank soda consumed 17 percent more in daily total calories than those who did not drink soda.
Bad for Your Teeth
Along with sugar, most sodas contain acidic components, including carbonic acid and phosphoric acid. These acids contribute to a more acidic environment in your mouth, which eventually wears away your teeth and makes them vulnerable to decay. Research has found that dental erosion occurs when the environment is acidic with a pH lower than 4.0. In, researchers purchased 379 beverages throughout Birmingham, Alabama, and assessed their pH. An overwhelming 93 percent of the beverages (354 of 379) had a pH lower than 4.0 while just 7 percent had a pH of 4.0 or higher. This suggests that a significant amount of commercially available beverages are potentially erosive to the teeth.
Sugar also provides an easy source of food for the bacteria inhabiting your mouth, allowing that bacteria to grow and thrive. Combined with the acids, this can result in some serious problems over time for your dental health.
High Sugar Interferes with Gut Bacteria
An important component in the human gut is a bacterial species known as Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which is typically found in those who eat fiber-rich diets and may help to confer health benefits by turning dietary fiber into helpful compounds.
- theta produces a protein referred to as Roc, or regulator of colonization. This protein essentially allows B. theta to take up residence in your gut. Without it, B. theta would get flushed out of the gut. In a study on mice, researchers found that the bacteria stopped producing Roc in the presence of fructose and glucose. This effect may also extend to other important gut microbes, resulting in an imbalance in gut microflora.
Diet Soft Drinks and Gut Health
Those with qualms about soft drinks often switch to diet sodas in hopes of drinking a “healthier” alternative. Diet soft drinks forgo sugar for artificial sweeteners, which may help to cut the overall caloric intake, but artificial sweeteners may present their own problems, especially when it comes to gut health.
Your gut is home to a diverse, complex system of bacteria and other microorganisms that may provide a variety of health benefits. They may:
- Help to protect your gut from infection
- Contribute to the production of essential vitamins and neurotransmitters
- Help to regulate immune functions
Dysbiosis, which refers to an imbalance of bacteria, has been linked to a variety of gut problems and digestive issues.
In a comprehensive study published in Nature, researchers found that consumption of commonly consumed non-caloric artificial sweeteners may result in glucose intolerance and metabolic issues by altering intestinal microbiota. The study also suggests that artificial sweeteners can contribute to dysbiosis and interfere with regular gut bacteria function. Interestingly, mice fed sugar water in this same study showed no changes to their gut bacteria.
A study from researchers of Singapore’s Nanyang Technology University and Israel’s Ben-Guiron University and Volcani Center tested the effects of six common artificial sweeteners on E. coli, a prominent bacterial strain found in the human gut. The study found that all six sweeteners damaged the E. coli in some way, from direct DNA damage to cell wall or protein damage. While the gut comprises a complex system of bacteria beyond just E. coli, this study is still worth noting.
The Effect of Artificial Sweeteners
Along with its potential effect on your gut bacteria, artificial sweeteners have been linked to a variety of other health problems.
Studies on artificial sweeteners and weight gain have come with mixed reviews. Where some observational studies suggest an increase in BMI, others suggest that artificial sweeteners may promote a modest decrease in BMI. A more comprehensive meta-study could not identify any actual benefits of using artificial sweetener in relation to weight.
More research is necessary to fully understand the effects of soda and artificially sweetened diet sodas on the gut, but most current studies are clear: soft drinks are not great for your health. To give your gut a break, try to reduce your soda consumption and include more whole foods and fresh fruits and vegetables into your diet. | <urn:uuid:c1dd7163-cf6a-4be2-a7c2-ab8daa0c25cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sovereignlaboratories.com/blog/consuming-soft-drinks-can-affect-gut-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.919134 | 1,376 | 3.375 | 3 |
Fundamental molecules of life are pigments which arose and co-evolved as a response to the thermodynamic imperative of dissipating the prevailing solar spectrum
- 1Instituto de Física, UNAM, Circuito Interior de la Investigación Científica, Cuidad Universitaria, México D.F., C.P. 04510, Mexico
- 2Independent researcher, Bigla str. 7, Skopje, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Abstract. The driving force behind the origin and evolution of life has been the thermodynamic imperative of increasing the entropy production of the biosphere through increasing the global solar photon dissipation rate. In the upper atmosphere of today, oxygen and ozone derived from life processes are performing the short-wavelength UV-C and UV-B dissipation. On Earth's surface, water and organic pigments in water facilitate the near-UV and visible photon dissipation. The first organic pigments probably formed, absorbed, and dissipated at those photochemically active wavelengths in the UV-C and UV-B that could have reached Earth's surface during the Archean. Proliferation of these pigments can be understood as an autocatalytic photochemical process obeying non-equilibrium thermodynamic directives related to increasing solar photon dissipation rate. Under these directives, organic pigments would have evolved over time to increase the global photon dissipation rate by (1) increasing the ratio of their effective photon cross sections to their physical size, (2) decreasing their electronic excited state lifetimes, (3) quenching radiative de-excitation channels (e.g., fluorescence), (4) covering ever more completely the prevailing solar spectrum, and (5) proliferating and dispersing to cover an ever greater surface area of Earth. From knowledge of the evolution of the spectrum of G-type stars, and considering the most probable history of the transparency of Earth's atmosphere, we construct the most probable Earth surface solar spectrum as a function of time and compare this with the history of molecular absorption maxima obtained from the available data in the literature. This comparison supports the conjecture that many fundamental molecules of life are pigments which arose, proliferated, and co-evolved as a response to dissipating the solar spectrum, supports the thermodynamic dissipation theory for the origin of life, constrains models for Earth's early atmosphere, and sheds some new light on the origin of photosynthesis. | <urn:uuid:e3fa47e6-a322-4a11-b32a-998dbf01cc4c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/12/4913/2015/bg-12-4913-2015.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.897623 | 505 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Today is May 19, also known in some parts as MAY RAY DAY!
Get yourself out into the sun! That’s the best way to celebrate May Ray Day.
Get a new wardrobe of pretty spring clothes and take your family out on a picnic!
Been exercising inside all winter? Get yourself out into the sun and go for a walk or a jog, breathe in that fresh air, and if you have allergies, take a Benadryl…
May Ray Day is your reminder to go outside and soak up some sun in the great outdoors, so get out there!
Today is also NUMERACY DAY…
The aim is to celebrate numbers and how we use them in everyday life. The day is designed to encourage people to feel curious about numbers, explore how they can benefit them in their day to day life and give them the confidence to develop and improve their numeracy skills.
- I was born on this day in 1942 in Greensboro, North Carolina
- My real first name is Frederick
- I went to college at Smith University in Charlotte and was all-conference in basketball
- My career took me to 97 countries and over 6,000 games and I was in a cartoon series
- My nickname was inspired by one of the Three Stooges
- My number 22 was retired in 2008
- I passed away last spring in Houston at the age of 77
I am…former Harlem Globetrotter, Curly Neal. Congratulations to Ruth Ann from Sugarcreek, who guessed correctly and wins the $5 gift card to Everlasting Cup!
Thanks for listening!
– Joe and Jonathon | <urn:uuid:f7f69009-73de-413c-8e76-d9bc998bc40f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://afternoondrive.wordpress.com/2021/05/19/fun-facts-for-a-sunny-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.961869 | 337 | 1.664063 | 2 |
NAME OF THE ARMY
The Army of the Czech Republic, which was established on January 1, 1993 together with the establishment of the independent Czech Republic, directly follows the establishment of the Army of the newly formed independent Czechoslovakia on October 28, 1918. Therefore, the current official name Army of the Czech Republic.
- On October 28, 1918, the "Czechoslovak Army" was established, which was the main part of the so-called Czechoslovak Armed Forces – this is how the armed forces were then called.
- By the annexation of Bohemia and Moravia and Silesia by Nazi Germany the Czechoslovak Army ceased to exist for the period from March 15, 1939 to May 8, 1945.
- The name "Czechoslovak Army" was used after World War II until 1954.
- In 1954, the name was changed to "Czechoslovak People’s Army" (ČSLA).
- After the Velvet Revolution in November 1989 and the restoration of freedom and independence, Act No. 74/1990 Coll. was promulgated on March 14, 1990 changing its name to "Czechoslovak Army" (ČSA).
- Today, the name "Army of the Czech Republic" is valid from January 1, 1993.
ROOTS AND DAY OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Today’s Army of the Czech Republic is an expression of the sovereignty and independence of the Czech Republic. Therefore, the roots of today’s Army are related to the establishment of the independent Czechoslovakia on October 28, 1918 and the restoration of Czechoslovak independent statehood after World War II in May 1945.
Establishment of Czechoslovakia and the Czechoslovak Legions
Czechoslovakia fought for its independence on the battlefields of the First World War, a mere, albeit important, political action by T.G. Masaryk and E. Beneš would not be enough for the establishment of Czechoslovakia.
Since 1914, units of volunteer foreign military resistance have been formed from Czech and Slovak volunteers and compatriots, for which the name of the Czechoslovak Legions has taken hold. The army began to emerge in France and Russia and later, from 1917, also in Italy. In Russia, a unit called the "Czech Companions" were initially formed. In France, within the framework of the Foreign Legion, a separate company was formed from Czech and Slovak compatriots, for which the name "Nazdar Company" was adopted. It took part in the victorious battle of Arras on May 9, 1915, where it suffered heavy losses and was disbanded. At the end of 1917, real Czechoslovak Legions began to form in France - with the arrival of some legionnaires from Russia and the arrival of Czechs and Slovaks from captivity in Romania and Serbia.
June 30 is celebrated as the Day of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic based on the decision of the President of the Republic since 2002. It commemorated the parade in the French city of Darney, during which two rifle regiments of Czechoslovak legionaries took an oath of allegiance to the future republic and the basis of an autonomous Czechoslovak army built in the spirit of the traditions of the Czechoslovak Legions was founded. The oath was attended by E. Beneš and French President R. Poincaré. The 21st and 22nd Rifle Regiment formed the Czechoslovak Rifle Brigade. This brigade arrived in Czechoslovakia in the spring of 1919.
The Czechoslovak legionaries in Russia returned home after passing through all of Russia during constant fighting with the Red Army as far as in Vladivostok, from where 36 ship transports were sent between July 1918 and February 1919.
In France, over 11,000 people joined the Legions. In Russia, over 60 thousand people. In Italy, 20,000 people were included in the Legions, and after the signing of the armistice in 1918, the units expanded to 60,000 people - first a division was formed and then even an army corps.
Restoration of statehood - 2nd resistance
As before 1918, during World War II, a "Czechoslovak" Army was formed abroad, which fought against the occupying Hitler’s Third Reich in the case of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia, and the fascist regime of the Slovak State. The foreign 2nd resistance cooperated with the domestic resistance, but foreign action was decisive for the restoration of independence. Even the greatest success of the domestic resistance - the killing of Heydrich - was largely realized, thanks to specially trained soldiers sent from Great Britain by the London Czechoslovak Government in exile. (In this context, we recommend a part in the Czech Century series: Bullet for Heydrich and the French-British film The Man with the Iron Heart).
The foreign action was formed as soldiers and other people, as well as politicians, fled Czechoslovakia. There was an effort to participate in the fighting in Poland and France, where in the case of France, a number of Czechs and Slovaks succeeded, including pilots. An agreement was made with the French Government to form the 1st Czechoslovak Infantry Division in France; however, only the 1st Regiment (Regiment: Kratochvíl) and the 2nd Regiment (Regiment: Satoria) intervened in the fighting. The 5th Fighter Squadron had 18 Czechoslovak pilots, including Alois Vašátko and František Peřina. Due to the rapid advance of Hitler’s armies, large Czechoslovak units were gradually formed in Great Britain, the Soviet Union and the Middle East (under British command).
Ground and air units were formed in Great Britain.
Already in 1940, the 1st Czechoslovak Mixed Brigade was established. A number of soldiers were recruited from it to the 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps created in 1944 in the Soviet Union, including General Karel Klapálek. The Mixed Brigade later became the Czechoslovak Independent Armored Brigade, which came back to its homeland with the Allied armies after landing in Normandy - it entered Czechoslovak territory in Cheb.
Czechoslovak squadrons were created:
- 310th Czechoslovak Fighter Squadron RAF - July 12, 1940
- 311th Czechoslovak Bomber Squadron RAF - July 29, 1940
- 312nd Czechoslovak Fighter Squadron RAF - September 5, 1940
- 313rd Czechoslovak Fighter Squadron RAF - May 10, 1941
Czechoslovak pilots also fought in the ranks of other squadrons - for example, in the 1st RAF Fighter Squadron Karel Kuttelwascher or in the 122nd RAF Fighter Squadron, including Otto Smik and František Fajtl, who commanded the squadron in 1942.
The first Czechoslovak pilots in the ranks of the RAF landed with 54 Spitfires at Prague Airport on August 13, 1945. Bomber pilots a week later.
In the middle of 1940, the Czechoslovak Infantry Battalion 11 - East was formed in the Middle East, which was subject to the British High Command of the Middle East and administratively fell under the Czechoslovak Republic’s military mission for the Middle East and Egypt. Lieutenant Colonel Karel Klapálek became the commander. In 1941, the battalion took part in the defense of the North African port of Tobruk - hence the nickname "desert rats". The Czechoslovak unit was abolished in 1943 and its members sailed to Great Britain.
Ground troops in the Soviet Union began to emerge in 1942. In the Ural city of Buzuluk the 1st Czechoslovak Independent Field Battalion was formed. It was set to fight for Sokolovo in the spring of 1943. After the reorganization and as a result of losses suffered, the 1st Czechoslovak Independent Brigade gradually formed from May 1943. In March 1944, the brigade moved to Rovno, the center of Volhynian Bohemia, and recruitment began. In addition to compatriots from Volhynia and Subcarpathian Russia, Czechoslovaks imprisoned in the Soviet GULAG and released for service in the Czechoslovak combat unit were also admitted to the newly formed unit. The result of the recruitment and arrival of a number of Czechoslovak soldiers from Great Britain was the establishment of the 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps. It counted 2 infantry brigades, 2 paratroop brigades, 1 tank brigade and 5 artillery regiments; total 16.5 ths. persons. The corps entered Czechoslovak territory in Slovakia thanks to the Carpathian-Dukla operation at the end of the summer of 1944, in which it suffered heavy losses.
As for the air force, the 128th Czechoslovak Fighter Squadron was first created in the Soviet Union in May 1944 after the transfer of 21 Czechoslovak pilots from Great Britain, including František Fajtl. In June, after being completed, it was renamed the 1st Czechoslovak Fighter Air Regiment in the USSR. In the summer of 1944, the regiment intervened in the fighting to help the Slovak National Uprising by moving to the Slovak airport Zolná. After the retreat from Slovakia and the transfer of a number of Slovak pilots to the Soviet Union, other air regiments were created - the 2nd Czechoslovak Fighter Regiment and the 3rd Czechoslovak Attack Regiment. The merger of all three regiments created the 1st Czechoslovak Mixed Air Division. The division’s first aircraft landed at the airport in Kbely on May 14, 1945.
The Czechoslovaks in the ranks of the foreign military resistance primarily wanted to fight the enemy that destroyed Czechoslovakia. Everyone was looking for the shortest way to get into the fight. For the vast majority of them, it was not so important whether this happened in units in the West (Great Britain) or in the East (Soviet Union). This is well documented in the story of František Fajtl. The pilot and squadron commander in Great Britain decided to move to the Soviet Union to the newly formed air unit - the move took place in early 1944, when the opening of the second front in the West seemed far away. Finally, the second front was opened in June 1944 by landing in Normandy (Operation Overlord).
Although during the war it was not so important whether the Czechoslovaks fought in the West or in the East, after the war and especially after the communist coup in February 1948 it was important. For the communist totalitarian regime. Many soldiers fighting in Czechoslovak troops in the West began to be persecuted, including imprisonment and killing in communist camps. (We recommend the Wild Country TV series in this regard.)
There are a huge number of publications and Internet resources on the topic of the 2nd Foreign Resistance. We recommend as a beginning the website of the Military History Institute (VHÚ Prague) and the exposition of the Army Museum of Žižkov, the Kbely Aviation Museum and the Lešany Military Technical Museum.
CONSTITUTIONAL ORDER OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC - RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE DEFENSE OF THE STATE
Czech Republic is a legal and democratic state based on the Constitution of the Czech Republic (1/1993 Coll. Constitution of the Czech Republic) adopted by the Czech National Council on December 16, 1992. The people are the source of all state power (Article 2, paragraph 1). The Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms is part of the constitutional order of the Czech Republic (Article 3).
The Constitution stipulates that the Czech Republic is a parliamentary republic where legal, executive and judicial powers are separated. The Government is responsible for defending the state – executive power. According to the Constitution, the Government decides as a body (Article 76, paragraph 1), so it is responsible for the defense of the state and preparation for it as a collective body. The Commander-in-Chief is appointed by the President of the Republic (Article 63 (1) (c)).
The Parliament of the Czech Republic decides on the declaration of a state of threat (Constitutional Act No. 110/1998 Coll. On the Security of the Czech Republic - Article 7) or a state of war (Constitution, Article 43, paragraph 1). Pursuant to this article of the Constitution, the Parliament also decides on the deployment of the Armed Forces outside the territory of the Czech Republic and on joining the defense systems of international organizations of which the Czech Republic is a member.
Within the framework of the Government executive, the Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic is established - the so-called “competent” Act No. 2/1969 Coll. (2/1969 Coll. Competence Act). Specifically, it is § 16 of this Act, which stipulates that the Ministry of Defense is the central body of state administration for ensuring the defense of the Czech Republic, the management of the Army of the Czech Republic and the administration of military districts.
This basic legislative framework is followed by other laws - see the section "Legislation, the Czech Army and its tasks".
ARMED FORCES AND ARMY OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC
The Constitution of the Czech Republic speaks only of the Armed Forces. Act No. 219/1999 Coll. Is then dedicated to the Armed Forces. According to this Act, the Armed Forces are divided into:
- The Army
- Military Office of the President of the Republic
- Castle Guard (§ 3, paragraph 2)
The Army of the Czech Republic is the basis of the Armed Forces and is divided into military units and military facilities (§ 13).
LEGISLATION, ARMY OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND ITS MANAGEMENT AND TASKS
- Act No. 219/1999 Coll., On the Armed Forces
- Act No. 221/1999 Coll., On Professional Soldiers
- Act No. 222/1999 Coll., On Ensuring the Defense of the Czech Republic
- Act No. 585/2004 Coll., On military service and its ensuring - the so-called military service
- Act No. 45/2016 Coll., On the service of soldiers in reserve
- Act No. 15/2015 Coll., On the abolition of the Brdy military district, on the determination of the boundaries of military districts, on the change of regional borders and on the amendment of related acts
In addition to these laws, the Ministries of Defense is touched by the following laws, which cover the areas for which the ministry is responsible, but do not apply to the Armed Forces (ie the Czech Army, the President’s Military Office and the Castle Guard):
- Act No. 289/2005 Coll., On Military Intelligence
- Act No. 214/2004 Coll., On the Establishment of the University of Defense
- Act No. 170/2002 Coll., On war veterans
- Act No. 310/1999 Coll., On the stay of the armed forces of other states in the territory of the Czech Republic
- Act No. 300/2013 Coll., On the Military Police
Czech Republic is a democratic and legal state. Therefore, the entire functioning of the Army is subject to political decision by the Government and Parliament. The Army is therefore subject to civilian control by constitutional bodies (Act No. 219/1999 Coll., § 12). The Army of the Czech Republic is and does what the Government and the Parliament (elected representatives of the citizens) decide within the constitutional order of the Czech Republic. This is the fundamental difference between today’s Czech Republic and communist Czechoslovakia or the totalitarian and authoritarian states of today.
From the point of view of the Czech Republic’s defense, ie from the point of view of the size, composition and capabilities of the Army, the key act is No. 219/1999 Coll., On the Armed Forces. It sets management parameters and tasks for the Czech Army. This law is therefore the basic, but not the only and sufficient, stone for maintaining and developing military capabilities in the Czech Army. The law defines tasks as a constant for which the Government is responsible. The specific content and set of necessary military capabilities is a matter of daily work of the Government (see section "Defense objectives of the Czech Republic - ambitions vs. reality and needs of the Czech Republic") and international defense organizations such as NATO. As the security environment develops, the specific state and capabilities of the Czech Army must evolve with it.
By the Act No. 219/1999 Coll. two basic tasks are set: to prepare for the defense of the Czech Republic and to defend it against external attack, and to fulfill the tasks arising from the international contractual obligations of the Czech Republic on joint defense against attack (§ 9 and § 10). This is the Czech Republic’s membership in NATO. These tasks are supplemented by possible tasks within the Czech Republic, such as assisting the Police of the Czech Republic, etc. (§ 13). The competence and responsibility of the Ministry of Defense within the Government of the Czech Republic is also summarized in Act No. 2/1969 Coll., The so-called Competence Act, in § 16.
According to Act No. 219/1999 Coll. the Army of the Czech Republic is controlled by the executive, the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic approves the budget on the proposal of the Government. The President, as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, approves military orders, appoints and dismisses the Chief of the President’s Military Office, and awards combat flags to units (§ 5). He appoints the Chief of the General Staff on the proposal of the Government and after discussion in the Committee for the Defense of Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic (§ 7). The Government approves operational plans for the use of the Armed Forces, the structure of the Army, the total number of soldiers of the Armed Forces and the Concept of the build-up of the Army (§ 6). It also decides on the systematization (size) of the Czech Army’s General Staff (§ 7). The Ministry manages and develops the Army on a daily basis according to the decisions of the Government and the Parliament (§ 7).
DEFENSE OBJECTIVES OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC - AMBITION VS. REALITY AND NEEDS OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC
The laws set out the basic task - the defense of the Czech Republic against external attack. What exactly this means in terms of specific steps and measures is given by the results of the threat analysis. Threat analysis is performed permanently. The content of strategic documents - Security Strategy of the Czech Republic, Defense Strategy of the Czech Republic, Concept of the build-up of the Czech Army and, due to NATO membership, also the Strategic Concept of the Alliance (NATO) can be considered milestones in threat assessment. Annual reports of intelligence services are published annually; from the military point of view, the most relevant annual reports are Military Intelligence (Vojenské zpravodajství (vzcr.cz)). In response to the results of the threat assessment, the ambition is set, what threats and how many threats the Army should be able to handle in parallel. Simply put, how many large and local conflicts should the Armed Forces be able to successfully handle at one time - a decision of this type is secret, as this would help enemies and potential challengers in a successful attack. After setting the ambition (what the Armed Forces should be able to handle), military experts determine how many and what units will be needed, how many and what equipment will be needed, how units and equipment will be used, etc. In the case of the Czech Republic, this is a matter of NATO decisions, The Czech ambition is thus determined by the decisions of the Czech Government and the military commitments that the Czech Government has accepted in NATO.
The current Czech military ambition (embedded in the Czech strategic documents - Defense Strategy of the Czech Republic and the Concept of the build-up of the Czech Army) can be summarized as follows: in addition to two ground forces combat brigades to build „the third combat maneuver element“ – the airborne regiment – as the nucleus of the Third Brigade which will make it possible in the future to build a division - a unit standardly composed of three brigades - and thus increase the capabilities of the Army at peace, which is the core of the Armed at war. At the same time, it has ambitions and a qualitative parameter – to build one of the brigades as a so-called "heavy brigade", ie a heavily armored unit with strong firepower, including tracked Infantry Fighting Vehicles and tanks. The last new element in the Czech ambition is the construction of a satellite center with the ability of global satellite coverage for the needs of the Czech Republic and NATO, including the ability of domestic self-sufficiency regarding the production and control of satellites.
The very basic defense goal of the Czech Republic is to be part of the Alliance group of countries that will give the Czech Republic strategic weight in ensuring the state’s defense. This strategic weight and depth is NATO through the alliance of most European countries with the US and Canada, and strategic deterrence through nuclear and conventional weapons.
The problem of the vast majority of European countries, including the Czech Republic, is that governments set ambitions or accept commitments, but at the same time not enough money is allocated for these tasks within the budgets of individual states. Today, the underfunding of the Czech Armed Forces is at the level of approximately CZK 600 billion – the sum of funds since 2005 that the Army has needed, but due to the size of the allocated defense budget, it has demonstrably not received. The Czech Republic is thus undermining its main defense goal – a strong and functioning NATO.
An example of where the underfunding of the Army leads is the size of the Supersonic Air Force of the Czech Republic. The Air Force currently has 12 single-seater and 2 two-seater JAS-39 Gripen aircraft. 12 single-seater Gripen aircraft form a squadron, which is part of the combat forces. According to all military expert analyzes, the Czech Army needs at least two squadrons, ie 24 supersonic aircraft, to fulfill the assigned tasks. However, the budget allocated to the Ministry of Defense does not allow this, limited funds must also be provided to the Land Forces.
The approach of the Czech Republic, like all other NATO members, is governed by the principle of minimum sufficiency - military needs are defined at the level of minimum needs in terms of the ability to defend oneself. The Communist bloc and today’s authoritarian and totalitarian states, on the other hand, give priority to the military in setting state spending, because in those states the military also has repressive tasks to keep these undemocratic regimes in power and the military is an instrument of power expansion in international relations. It is historically proven that defense is significantly cheaper than offensive plans.
INVOLVEMENT OF THE ARMY OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC ALLIANCE
Czech Republic joined NATO on March 12, 1999, along with Poland and Hungary. It thus joined the collective defense organization, which is based on the right to self-defense enshrined in Article 51 of the UN Charter.
Upon joining the Alliance, the Czech Republic undertook to contribute to NATO’s common defense and made a related commitment to spend 2% of its GDP on defense each year. This level was adopted in NATO even before the accession of the Czech Republic as a minimum sufficient level of financing of the armed forces with regard to military needs in the light of existing threats.
With the Czech Republic’s accession to NATO, the Czech Army became involved in NATO’s integrated military structure with the SHAPE strategic headquarters in Mons, Belgium. At the same time, the protection of Czech airspace and the Czech Air Force were involved in the Alliance’s integrated air and missile defense of the airspace of member states - NATINAMDS (NATO Integrated Air and Missile Defense System).
The build-up of the Czech Army has also become an integral part of the Alliance’s defense planning process in the light of identified threats and defined military needs (defense ambitions). Thus, in two-year and four-year cycles, the Czech Republic is undergoing an evaluation of the fulfillment of accepted commitments and at the same time accepting commitments to build military capabilities identified as necessary for NATO’s collective defense efforts. In addition to these alliance commitments, the Czech Republic and every other NATO member state is developing its military capabilities on the basis of its national political decisions.
The most challenging commitment for the Czech Republic at the moment is to build a heavy armored brigade by 2026. It is already clear that due to low budget resources allocated to the Ministry of Defense, this goal will not be met by 2026. The Czech Republic’s highest commitment to NATO is to provide a brigade task force for NATO’s collective defense - Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty.
The Czech Army’s involvement in NATO also means participation in an inexhaustible number of activities, including various exercises, negotiations, etc. Czech Army is in permanent daily contact with the Allied armies, including cooperation in foreign missions to maintain and promote peace and stability.
Czechoslovakia and subsequently the Czech Republic, after regaining sovereignty and independence and restoring democracy, began an active approach to participating in foreign military missions and operations to maintain and promote peace and stability. This approach has been and still is based on the belief that outbreaks of conflict and threats are best addressed at the point of origin and not wait for threats to one’s own citizens and one’s own and the Alliance’s territory. At the same time, Czech Republic demonstrated its determination to contribute to security at the global and regional level within the Euro-Atlantic Western Community. Thanks to this approach of the Czechoslovak and Czech Governments after 1989, Czech Republic was admitted to NATO in March 1999 and subsequently to the EU in 2004.
An excellent elaboration of an overview and information on the involvement of the Czechoslovak and Czech armies in foreign operations can be found on the website of the Military History Institute: VHÚ Prague.
ECONOMICS OF THE DEFENSE SECTOR - ARMY FINANCING
The budget for the Ministry of Defense, ie for the Army of the Czech Republic, is governed by Act No. 218/2000 Coll., On Budgetary Rules. This law determines that the budget of the Czech state and thus of the Ministry of Defense lives from year to year. In 2021, a law on the state budget for 2022 is being prepared. The law on the state budget is being adopted by the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic at the end of the year - from November to December. The Army thus knows what budget it will manage next year at the end of the previous year. Together with the Act on the State Budget for a given year, the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Parliament always approves in a special resolution the so-called medium-term budget outlook for the next two years - so in connection with the 2022 budget the medium-term budget outlook for 2023 and 2024 will be approved. The outlook is not binding, it is an indication of how the budget is likely to evolve. Czech Army thus has a budget security for one year and a non-binding budget promise for the next two years. Beyond the medium-term budgetary outlook, there is no certainty or serious indication of budget developments other than political promises and statements by the Government or individual political parties.
The needs of the Army of the Czech Republic, like any other army in a modern state, are much longer-term. The maintenance and development of military capabilities - the construction of new units or the modernization or purchase of new weapon systems - are projects for three to ten years. Even for shorter projects, implementation often takes place across multiple election periods. The projects thus suffer from changes in governments or changes in priorities in individual election periods. This often leads to changes in projects or their postponement. In any case, the consequence is the delay in the implementation of projects, which from a defense and military point of view must be implemented in earlier time horizons.
The Czech budgetary and political reality could be overcome by adhering to the commitment made upon joining NATO and renewed in 2014 at the NATO Summit (NATO Summit Declaration, § 14, NATO - Official text: Wales Summit Declaration issued by the Heads of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Wales, 05-Sep.-2014) - to allocate 2% of GDP each year to defense, or to allocate financial resources so that the long-term average is 2% of GDP. This would create a desirable reality for the Czech Army and the Czech Republic’s defense interests in the form of a stable resource framework, which would enable the Army to effectively plan and implement projects for the maintenance and development of military defense capabilities.
Part of the Alliance ‘s commitment is the so - called investment promise - that with an annual budget of at least 2% of GDP, 20% of the investment budget will be allocated annually. This parameter is given by the long-standing recommendation within NATO that annual defense budget expenditures should follow the formula: a maximum of 50% for salaries and other social expenditures, a maximum of 30% for current expenditures (maintenance, service, etc.) and 20% for investments. Such a distributed expenditure from the defense budget, with its minimum amount of 2% of GDP, will ensure timely modernization and a sufficient technological level of the Armed Forces.
Czech Republic last fulfilled its alliance commitment in 2005 (see the appendix “Budgets of the Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic since 1993). The draft basic parameters of the budget for 2022, approved by the Government in June 2021, allocates CZK 5 billion less for the Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic, the same as for 2023, compared to the so-called medium-term budget outlook approved by the Chamber of Deputies in December 2020, defense budget at the level of 1.4-1.5% of GDP for 2022 and 2023. This effectively means that Czech Republic will not meet its commitment from the NATO summit in 2014 that defense spending will reach 2% of GDP by 2024. It will also mean postponing a number of armament projects and projects of construction of units according to the Concept of build-up of the Czech Army.
DEVELOPMENT SINCE 1993 - SIZE AND NUMBERS OF THE ARMY OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC
At the time of the birth of the independent Czech Republic, Czech Army had 106,679 soldiers, of which 33,282 were professional soldiers. In 1993 the Army of the Czech Republic was based on a two-year and subsequently one-year basic military service of conscripts from the age of 18. In 1993, Czech Army had the following weapons:
- Tanks: 1,617 pieces
- Wheeled and tracked armored combat vehicles: 2,315 pieces
- Artillery caliber of 100 mm and above: 1,516 pieces
- Combat aircraft: 227 pieces
- Combat helicopters: 36 pieces
The Government’s goal after November 1989 was to reduce the numbers given by the aggressive Soviet bloc united in the Warsaw Pact to a reasonable - at least sufficient level. This was related to the reform of the Army.
Part of the reform was the transition to a fully professional army. In May 2001, the Government set the necessary conditions for the reform of the Armed Forces. First of all, it was a task for the reformed Armed Forces to be built so that they would be able to defend the territory of the Czech Republic and be able to handle the so-called assistance tasks under Czech law in favor of the Integrated Rescue System of the Czech Republic and its components. On August 29, 2001, the Government approved the goals and principles of the reform of the Czech Armed Forces. On April 29, 2002, the Government took note of the Concept of Build-up of Professional Army of the Czech Republic and Mobilization of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic. After the necessary decisions of the Government and discussion in the Parliament of the Czech Republic of the government’s proposal of Act No. 585/2004 Coll., On military service and its ensuring, this law came into force on January 1st, 2005. The basic military service was abolished and a professional Army of the Czech Republic was established.
Today, the Czech Army has 26,621 professional soldiers - according to the decision of the Government and the Active Reserve are at the level of 3,440 people. The equipment is as follows:
- Tanks: 119 pieces (30 modernized T-72M4)
- Wheeled and tracked armored combat vehicles: 439 pieces
- Artillery caliber of 100 mm and above: 179 pieces
- Combat aircraft: 38 pieces
- Combat helicopters: 17 pieces
The above numbers of soldiers and equipment indicate a radical reduction in the number and weapon systems in the Czech Army. (For more details on the development, see the appendix “Approved numbers of soldiers and civilian employees of the Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic since 1993” and the appendix “Numbers of main equipment of the Czech Army“) This radical reduction is due to monitoring the build-up of the Army on the basis of the principle of minimum sufficiency in collective defense in NATO, but unfortunately also by underfunding the Czech Army since 2005, when the Czech Republic last fulfilled its alliance commitment to spend 2% of GDP on defense. The development from 1989 to 2009 is described in great detail and summarized in the “Defense Policy of the Czechoslovak and Czech Republics (1989-2009)” (army.cz).
At the time of approval of the White Paper on Defense of 2011 (army.cz), which was audited by experts from the governmental and non-governmental sectors, a number of units of combat support forces were at the brigade level - such as the Engineer Brigade or Artillery Brigade. After the approval of the White Paper on Defense by the Government of the Czech Republic, the same Government decided to reduce the budget in such a way that it overcame even the blackest budget scenario contained in the White Paper. The result was a reduction in the Czech Army, ie a reduction in units (number of soldiers). From the Engineer Brigade or Artillery Brigade the Army came down to today’s 15th Engineer Regiment and 13th Artillery Regiment in Jince (for more details, see the section "Structure and units of the current Army of the Czech Republic"). For a basic idea - the brigade consists of 3-4 battalions; the regiment consists of about 2-3 battalions.
Today, the Government of the Czech Republic and NATO recognize that the Army must be larger and modernly armed due to the deteriorating international security environment. However, the budgetary resources allocated to the Czech Army do not reflect this will of the Czech Government - see the section “Economy of the Defense Sector - Army Financing” and the appendix “Budgets of the Ministry of Defense since 1993”.
In February 2020, the Chief of the General Staff of the Czech Army warned at the Command Assembly of the Czech Army that “The Army has suffered enough in recent years. Years of neglect and cuts left the army’s torso, a skeleton that we must now strengthen again.“
STRUCTURE AND UNITS OF THE CURRENT ARMY OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Czech Army is made up of units of several types of forces. For specific operations and tasks, task forces are created at various levels (eg brigade task forces). The Army is made up of Land Forces and Air Forces. In addition to the Czech Army, there is Military Intelligence responsible for cyber defense.
Land and Air Forces are divided into Combat Forces, Combat Support Forces and Combat Assistance Forces. This division reflects the basic division of tasks within the Army - combatants and soldiers who support and assist them in combat.
The permanent professional Army is supplemented by the Active Reserve - members of the Active Reserve are part of the units in which places for active reserves are created.
In 2020, the numbers of soldiers were approved at the level of 26,621 people and the numbers of the Active Reserve at 3,440 people. (For more details, see the appendix “Approved numbers of soldiers and civilian employees of the Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic since 1993.)
The Land Combat Forces include:
- 4th Rapid Deployment Brigade „Nation’s Defense“ (uses Pandur wheeled armored vehicles and Iveco vehicles)
- 7th Mechanized Brigade "Dukelská" (uses tracked IFV/BVP-2, T-72M4 and T-72M1 tanks)
- 43rd Airborne Regiment (newly created)
- 601st Special Forces Group („General Moravec“)
The Air Combat Forces include:
- 21st Tactical Air Force Base Čáslav („Zvolenská“), where the 21st Tactical Air Wing is located, the core of which is the 211th Tactical Squadron with JAS-39 Gripen aircraft and 212th Tactical Squadron with L-159 Alca aircraft
- 25th Air-Defense Missile Regiment ("Tobrucký")
The Land Combat Support Forces performing the tasks of combat assistance forces include:
- 13th Artillery Regiment ("Jaselský")
- 31st Regiment of Radiological, Chemical and Biological Protection – („Major General Oskar Starkoč“)
- 53rd Regiment of Reconnaissance and Electronic Warfare („General Heliodor Píka“)
- 15th Engineer Regiment („General Karel Husárek“)
The Air Combat Support Forces fulfilling the tasks of combat assistance forces include:
- 22nd Helicopter Base ("Biskajská"), which uses the Mi-171 multi-purpose helicopters and Mi-24/35 attack helicopters/gunships. (This base will receive the American H-1 helicopters - 8 pieces in the multipurpose version and 4 pieces in the attack version.)
- 24th Air Force Base Prague-Kbely
The ground combat security forces include:
- 14th Logistics Support Regiment („Colonel in memoriam Alfréd Bartoš“)
Individual units have their own websites and accounts on social networks, where you can find information on their equipment, structure, etc. The links are given below:
- 4th Brigade of Rapid Deployment - 4. brigáda rychlého nasazení Žatec – Tam kde jiní nestačí (army.cz)
- 7th Mechanized Brigade - 7mb.army.cz
- 43rd Airborne Regiment - 43. výsadkový pluk (43vysadkovypluk.cz)
- 601st Special Forces Group - Official website of the 601. skupiny speciálních sil generála Moravce (601skss.cz)
- 13th Artillery Regiment - 13dp.army.cz
- 31st Regiment of Radiological, Chemical and Biological Protection - 31. pluk radiační, chemické a biologické ochrany generálmajora Oskara Starkoče (army.cz)
- 53rd Regiment of Reconnaissance and Electronic Warfare - 53. pluk průzkumu a elektronického boje (army.cz)
- 15th Engineer Regiment - zenijnipluk.army.cz
- 14th Logistics Support Regiment - 14. pluk logistické podpory (army.cz)
- Castle Guard - hrad.army.cz
- 21st Tactical Air Force Base Čáslav – 21. základna taktického letectva Čáslav – "Zvolenská" (afbcaslav.cz)
- 25th Air-Defense Missile Regiment - 25plrp.army.cz
- 22nd Helicopter Base - lznamest.army.cz
- 24th Transport Air Base - zdl.army.cz
Information on the armament of individual units can also be found in summary form on Equipment and armaments of the Army (army.cz), information about the Military Police is on vp.army.cz, information about Military Intelligence is on Military Intelligence (vzcr.cz), information on Active Reserve is on Active Reserve (AZ) (army.cz).
ARMAMENT AND ARMAMENT PROJECTS
Armament is a multidisciplinary matter - analyzes of the international security environment, military expertise, the economy of the state and the Army of the Czech Republic, legal aspects including public procurement, analysis of the market and technological trends, personnel strategy of the Army and foreign security policy come into play. The position of the Armaments and Acquisitions Section of the Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic is unique. It is the only workplace of the state that procures military material for the Czech Army.
The key moment of every armament project is the formulation of the military requirement - the so-called specification - by the Czech Army’s General Staff. Subsequently, the key factor is the financial intensity, ie whether the Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic has financial resources for the implementation of a militarily needed project. Part of the assessment of the financial demands of each project must be not only the price of the acquired weapon system, but also the costs of its life cycle, ie the costs of maintenance, regular service and repairs. The life cycle of a number of key weapon systems has been in the order of decades, and modernization projects are also included.
The acquisition of military equipment, like many other economic activities within the European Union, is subject to adjustments at the level of EU legislation. This corresponds to the legal regulation in the Czech Republic – the transposition of EU legislation is incorporated into Act No. 134/2016 Coll., On the award of public contracts.
Although the purchase of military equipment by EU Member States is regulated by EU legislation, its essence is as follows: EU Treaty, Article 346 (EUR-Lex - 12008E346 - EN - EUR-Lex (europa.eu)), as well as the whole Directive No. 81 / 2009 (EUR-Lex - 32009L0081 - EN - EUR-Lex (europa.eu)) respects the sovereignty of the EU Member States in defense matters and therefore in armaments. However, Member States must justify their actions and demonstrate that they are in accordance with the security and defense interests of the Member State.
The main Czech armament projects are listed in Annex No. 4, Concept of the build-up of the Czech Armed Forces 2030 (koncepce__2030.pdf (army.cz)). The largest current armament project is the acquisition of 210 tracked Infantry Fighting Vehicles for the 7th Mechanized Brigade. In 2027, the contract for the lease of 14 supersonic Jas-39 Gripen aircraft expires, and the Ministry of Defense has already begun preparatory work for the acquisition of supersonic aircraft for the period after 2027.
In 2016, the Government of the Czech Republic approved the Strategy for Armament and Support of the Domestic Defense Industry - the document is at: strategie-vyzbrojovani-do-2025.pdf (army.cz). The strategy prefers the acquisition of proven military material in practice and categorizes the domestic defense industry into 4 categories, with only state-owned enterprises in the highest category and Czech-owned private enterprises in the second.
DEFENSE INDUSTRY OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Any country that wants to preserve at least the core of its independence and sovereignty includes domestic industrial capabilities in its security and defense system. These should ensure self-sufficiency at least at the basic level of basic equipment of soldiers and units. The industry of the Czech Republic would be technologically able to fulfill this ability if the Government of the Czech Republic required and supported this approach. Like the Czech Republic, Sweden with a population of ten million can produce globally competitive supersonic fighter jets and submarines. Today, the Czech defense industry does not reach this level, because the governments of the Czech Republic have not yet been able to decide what critical products and technologies the Czech defense industry should be able to produce, or have and control.
The Czech lands were the most industrialized part of Austria-Hungary. After the establishment of an independent Czechoslovakia in 1918, the Austro-Hungarian arms industry was restructured for new needs. In the 1920s, a modern defense industry was established in Czechoslovakia with a comprehensive structure and its own design and development capacity. This was the result of the concept of the Czechoslovak government to focus on domestic-made weapons systems so that the army would be provided in all major types of armaments. In the end, it succeeded only in large part, not completely. The Czechoslovak government originally tried to go the way of creating state-owned enterprises. After bad experience - especially in terms of economic results and inability to achieve the set goals - the defense industry was finally established, dominated by private companies integrated into the security and defense system of Czechoslovakia (including the Institute of Long-Term Contracts and Act No. 131/1936 Coll. On State Defense , which defined important companies). The state had only three enterprises: the Military Aircraft Factory, the Military Forest Enterprises and the MNO Printing House. However, they also had poor economic results. The core of the Czechoslovak defense industry were two groups of arms companies concentrated around Živnobanka and around Anglobanka. (The period 1918-1939 is elaborated in more detail in the publication of the Military Historical Institute "Czechoslovak Armaments Industry in the years 1918-1939".)
After the Sovietization of Czechoslovakia after World War II as a result of the usurpation of power by the Communist Party in 1948, all enterprises in the defense industry were nationalized. Their existence, content of production and direction of development were subject to management and decisions from the Soviet Union. Due to the massive armies of the Soviet bloc focused on attack, including the Czechoslovak one, the arms industry was the dominant sector of the economy in the period 1948-1989. This caused a shortage of ordinary consumer goods for the country's population.
The state retained the following state enterprises in the independent Czech Republic: LOM Praha s.p. (LOM PRAHA), VOP CZ s.p. (VOP CZ, s.p.), Military Technical Institute s.p. (Military Technical Institute | VTÚ s.p. (vtusp.cz)), Military Research Institute s.p. (VVÚ | Vojenský výzkumný ústav. S. P. (Vvubrno.cz)), Vojenské lesy a statky ČR s.p. (Unique nature, care with tradition - Military forests and estates of the Czech Republic, s.p. (vls.cz)). As in the period 1918-1939, state-owned enterprises do not have very good economic results, due to which their competence stagnates or even decreases - the reader can look at the annual reports of state-owned enterprises on their websites.
The dominant part of the Czech defense industry is in the private sector. It found itself there after the collapse of the Soviet bloc, the Soviet Union and the collapse of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia. The loss of clients in the form of communist armies, the significantly smaller needs of the Czech Army in a democratic state and the inability to stay in a competitive environment led to the collapse of a number of state-owned armaments companies and to the privatization of moribund state-owned enterprises. In many cases, however, Czech entrepreneurs built new manufacturing companies in the defense industry. The list of companies and enterprises in the field of security and defense industry can be found on the website of the Defense and Security Industry Association (Defense and Security Industry Association of the Czech Republic - Members of the AOBP). The most successful manufacturers in the field of defense industry include:
- Czechoslovak Group consortium (CZECHOSLOVAK GROUP a.s.), in which there are companies such as Tatra Defense Vehicle, Tatra Trucks, Excalibur Army or Retia
- CZ Group consortium, which includes Česká zbrojovka from Uherský Brod (Home | CZG)
- also eg the company ERA Pardubice producing passive radars and other companies under the wings of Omnipol a.s. (OMNIPOL a.s.)
- Ray Service (Ray Service, a.s.)
Due to its location in Vlašim and the Czech management, although with a foreign owner, the most successful companies belonging to the Czech defense industry include the Sellier and Bellot company which produces ammunition (Your ammunition company since 1825 - Sellier & Bellot (sellier-bellot.cz)).
Aero Vodochody Aerospace a.s. is one of the most technologically and structurally successful companies (AERO Vodochody AEROSPACE a.s.), which was able to develop the new subsonic L-39NG training aircraft with the possibility of use as a light combat aircraft. There is only Leonardo in Europe, which has currently managed to do so with the M345.
The Czech Republic is a rich country with great industrial and technological potential. What will be the Army of the Czech Republic will depend on the Government of the Czech Republic and its decisions. Due to the continuing allocation of low budgets for the Ministry of Defense, the words of the Chief of the General Staff of the Czech Armed Forces, Aleš Opata, who stated at the Prague conference "Our security is not given" in June 2021 that we were "missing our train".
MINISTERS OF DEFENSE SINCE 1993
Doc. Ing. Antonin Baudys, CSc. (Antonín Baudyš - Wikipedia (wikipedia.org))
Period: 1.1.1993 - 21.9.1994
Political party: KDU-ČSL
Prime Minister: Václav Klaus
RNDr. Vilém Holáň (Vilém Holáň - Wikipedia (wikipedia.org))
Period: 22.9.1994 - 3.7.1996
Political party: KDU-ČSL
Prime Minister: Václav Klaus
JUDr. Miloslav Výborný (Miloslav Výborný - Wikipedia (wikipedia.org))
Period: 4.7.1996 - 1.1.1998
Political party: KDU-ČSL
Prime Minister: Václav Klaus
RNDr. Michal Lobkowicz (Michal Lobkowicz - Wikipedia (wikipedia.org))
Period: 2.1.1998 - 21.7.1998
Political party: ODS, US
Prime Minister: Josef Tošovský
RNDr. Vladimir Vetchy, CSc. (Vladimír Vetchý - Wikipedia (wikipedia.org))
Period: 22.7.1998 - 3.5.2001
Political party: ČSSD
Prime Minister: Miloš Zeman
Ing. Jaroslav Tvrdík (Lt. Col. ret.) (Jaroslav Tvrdík - Wikipedia (wikipedia.org))
Period: 4.5.2001 - 2.6.2003
Political party: ČSSD
Prime Minister: Miloš Zeman, Vladimír Špidla
Ing. Miroslav Kostelka (Lt-gen. ret.) (Miroslav Kostelka - Wikipedia (wikipedia.org))
Period: 9.6.2003 - 4.8.2004
Political party: non-party member for the ČSSD
Prime Minister: Vladimír Špidla
JUDr. Karel Kühnl (Karel Kühnl - Wikipedia (wikipedia.org))
Period: 4.8.2004 - 4.9.2006
Political party: US-DEU
Prime Minister: Stanislav Gross, Jiří Paroubek
Jiří Šedivý, Ph.D. (Jiří Šedivý - Wikipedia (wikipedia.org))
Period: 4.9.2006 - 9.1.2007
Political party: non-party
Prime Minister: Mirek Topolánek
JUDr. Vlasta Parkanová (Vlasta Parkanová - Wikipedia (wikipedia.org))
Period: 9.1.2007 - 8.5.2009
Political party: KDU-ČSL
Prime Minister: Mirek Topolánek
MUDr. Martin Barták (Martin Barták - Wikipedia (wikipedia.org))
Period: 8.5.2009 - 12.7.2010
Political party: non-party, proposed by the ODS
Prime Minister: Jan Fischer
RNDr. Alexandr Vondra (Alexandr Vondra - Wikipedia (wikipedia.org))
Period: 13.7.2010 - 7.12.2012
Political party: ODS
Prime Minister: Petr Nečas
Mgr. Karolína Peake (Karolína Peake - Wikipedia (wikipedia.org))
Period: 12.12.2012 - 20.12.2012
Political party: LIDEM
Prime Minister: Petr Nečas
RNDr. Petr Nečas (Petr Nečas - Wikipedia (wikipedia.org))
Period: 21.12.2012 - 19.3.2013
Political party: ODS
Prime Minister: Petr Nečas
Ing. Vlastimil Picek (Gen. ret.) (Vlastimil Picek - Wikipedia (wikipedia.org))
Period: 19.3.2013 - 29.1.2014
Political party: non-party
Prime Minister: Petr Nečas, Jiří Rusnok
MgA. Martin Stropnický (Martin Stropnický - Wikipedia (wikipedia.org))
Period: 29/01/2014 - 13/12/2017
Political party: ANO
Prime Minister: Bohuslav Sobotka
Ing. Karla Šlechtová (Karla Šlechtová - Wikipedia (wikipedia.org))
Period: 13.12.2017 - 27.6.2018
Political party: non-party for ANO
Prime Minister: Andrej Babiš
Mgr. Lubomír Metnar (Lubomír Metnar - Wikipedia (wikipedia.org))
Period: 27.6.2018 -
Political party: non-party for ANO
Prime Minister: Andrej Babiš
BUDGETS OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE SINCE 1993
Year MoD budget in billion CZK % of GDP % of the total budget
1993 23.777 2.61 6.67
1994 27.008 2.60 7.11
1995 28.275 2.26 6.54
1996 30.509 2.16 6.30
1997 31.328 1.90 5.97
1998 37.643 2.07 6.65
1999 41.688 2.25 6.99
2000 44.670 2.35 7.07
2001 44.976 2.10 6.49
2002 48.924 2.23 6.65
2003 53.194 2.21 6.59
2004 52.481 1.90 6.04
2005 58.445 2.00 6.34
2006 63.105 1.96 6.18
2007 61.338 1.74 5.62
2008 52.896 1.44 4.78
2009 59.726 1.65 5.12
2010 50.845 1.38 4.40
2011 45.708 1.23 3.96
2012 42.936 1.13 3.73
2013 41.464 1.08 3.54
2014 41.069 0.96 3.39
2015 47.342 1.06 3.65
2016 45.608 0.97 3.74
2017 52.909 1.05 4.04
2018 59.799 1.13 4.27
2019 68.321 1.21 4.40
2020 74.300 4.65
2021 85.400 4.72
For the years 1993-2020, the figures are based on the actual drawing of the budget allocated by the Act on the State Budget of the Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic. For the year 2021, these are the numbers approved by the Act on the State Budget for this year (Act No. 600/2020 Coll.)
In the case of the budget for 2021, the chapter of the Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic was reduced by CZK 10 billion by the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic during the discussion in the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament. Thus, Act No. 600/2020 Coll., On the state budget, contains CZK 75,349 billion regarding the Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic chapter. This money was returned to the Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic in accordance with the government proposal of the Act on the state budget for the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament in two steps by CZK 5 billion each in January and March 2021.
The above figures are taken from the website of the Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic, except for the year 2021. Detailed information on the annual parameters of the budget of the Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic can be found at the Departmental Budget | Ministry of Defense (army.cz).
APPROVED NUMBERS OF SOLDIERS AND CIVIL EMPLOYEES OF THE Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic SINCE 1993
soldiers professional soldiers civil employees total
106 679 33 282 25 286 131 965
soldiers professional soldiers civil employees total
73 591 27 654 27 726 101 317
soldiers professional soldiers civil employees total
54 906 23 184 21 301 76 207
SINCE 2004, THE CZECH REPUBLIC HAS ONLY PROFESSIONAL SOLDIERS, THE BASIC MILITARY SERVICE WAS CANCELED, ACTIVE RESERVE WERE FORMED
soldiers civil employees total
23 110 14 971 38 081
soldiers civil employees total
22 261 8 303 30 564
SINCE 2015, ACT No. 234/2014 COLL. ON THE STATE SERVICE IS IN FORCE. PART OF THE EMPLOYEES OF THE MoD OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC (WORKING IN PARTICULAR AT THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE itself) COUNT IN THE CATEGORY OF STATE EMPLOYEES
soldiers civil employees state employees total
21 670 6 411 1 131 29 512
soldiers civil employees state employees total
26 621 7 017 1 133 34 771
The approved numbers of soldiers and civilian employees are never 100% fulfilled. This is due to two basic reasons:
- There is a natural turnover of staff - recruitment responds to staff departures
- Budgets for the Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic after 2006 began to fall sharply to 1% of GDP. To date, the budget has risen to about 1.3% of GDP. Although the budget began to grow after 2014, its current level still creates a crisis situation within the MoD and the Army. This is also reflected in the fact that not all approved (table) positions are filled.
According to the Audit Conclusion of the National Audit Office of 2019 (Audit Conclusion from the SAO Audit No. 18/17 - State Property and Funds Spent on the Acquisition and Distribution of Equipment of Members of the Army of the Czech Republic (nku.cz)), Czech Army actually had 17,896 soldiers - according to the approved numbers it should have 21,670 soldiers.
Detailed information on the development of personnel in the Army and at the Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic in each year in the period 1992-2020 can be found at Development of actual numbers of persons in the Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic in 1992 - 2020 | Ministry of Defense (army.cz).
MAIN EQUIPMENT OF THE CZECH ARMY
1993 2003 2013 2021
Tanks 1 617 541 164* 119*
Armored vehicles 2 315 1 235 528 439
Artillery (caliber above 100 mm) 1 516 528 194 179
Combat aircraft 227 125 38** 38**
Combat helicopters (Mi-24/35) 36 34 24 17
* of them 30 modernized T-72M4
** 14 JAS-39 Gripen jets and 24 L-159 ALCA jets
Sources: publication Army of the Czech Republic - Symbol of Democracy and State Sovereignty, 1993-2012, published by the Ministry of Defense of the Czech Republic 2012; other publicly available sources of information.
STRATEGIC DOCUMENTS OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC IN THE FIELD OF SECURITY AND DEFENSE
The documents are listed in order from most basic.
- Security Strategy of the Czech Republic - from 2015 (Bezpecnostni_strategie_2015.pdf (army.cz)); the document is approved by the Government
- Defense strategy of the Czech Republic - from 2017 (Obrann___strategie_2017_-_CZ.pdf (army.cz)); the document is approved by the Government
- Long-term outlook for defense until 2035 - from 2019 (11_dlouhodobyvyhledproobranu2035.pdf (army.cz)); the document is approved by the Government
- Concept of build-up of the Army of the Czech Republic 2030 - from 2019 (koncepce__2030.pdf (army.cz)); the document is approved by the Government
The list of all strategic documents of the Czech Republic adopted since the establishment of the independent Czech Republic in 1993 is on the Czech Strategic Documents Ministry of Defense (army.cz).
MILITARY RANKS AND RANK CORPS
Armádní generál - (Army) General, OF-9
Generálporučík - Lieutenant General, OF-8
Generálmajor - Major General, OF-7
Brigádní generál - Brigadier General, OF-6
Plukovník – Colonel, OF-5
Podplukovník – Lieutenant Colonel, OF-4
Major – Major – OF-3
Kapitán – Captain, OF-2
Poručík – 1st Lieutenant, OF-1
Podporučík – 2nd Lieutenant, OF-1
Štábní praporčík – Chief Warrant Officer, OR-9
Nadpraporčík – Senior Warrant Officer, OR-8
Praporčík – Warrant Officer, OR-7
Nadrotmistr – Master Sergeant, OR-6
Rotmistr – Sergeant 1st Class, OR-5
Rotný – Staff Sergeant, OR-4
Četař – Sergeant, OR-3
Desátník – Corporal, OR-2
TRAINEES AND TROOPS
Svobodník – Private 1st Class, OR-1
Vojín – Private, OR-1 | <urn:uuid:4b5d07ef-aa9b-4191-af45-e8a45f07b8f6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.czdefence.com/czech-army | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.926249 | 13,492 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Why Do Addicts Lie?
If you have someone close to you who has struggled with addiction, you may have noticed a big personality change in them. Before becoming an addict, your loved one may have been a very calm and honest person. But as their addiction progressed, you may have noticed that they started frequently lying. These lies could be about anything from where they are going when they leave the house, to what they are doing with all of their money. Lying is common among addicts and is very hurtful to those close to them.
There are many reasons why addicts lie. The number one reason is usually to keep their addiction going. They do not want to be stopped and will lie to you if you if they realize you are catching on. Second, addicts lie to avoid confrontation. No one, addict or not, likes to be confronted about a flaw they have. If the addict thinks you know about their problem and are going to confront them about it, they lie to avoid the conflict.
Additionally, your loved one could be in denial or ashamed of their addiction. They may claim their addiction is controllable in order to not face the fact that they have a disease and need help. This is them not only lying to you about their addiction, but lying to themselves as well.
It is very upsetting to have a loved one who is an addict that won’t face their problems or tell you the complete truth about their addiction. What is important is to support them through their realization that they do have a problem and above all support them through their recovery. | <urn:uuid:f296f087-302e-4904-a4f9-c035910ac087> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.seabrook.org/blog/addicts-lie/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.990345 | 320 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Palace House — a rectory in Lambeth that's mid-way through an extensive remodelling — will showcase what big money can get you in the capital.
It is unclear what William Wordsworth, whose Anglican divine brother Christopher lived at the former Georgian rectory of St Mary’s Lambeth in the 1810s, would make of its current, luxurious fate.
The property is currently on the market with Alexander Millett for £15 million, and is an inspiring place to live… with one slight snag. It’s not actually been finished yet.
That’s right: as real as the pictures on this page look, they are actually computer-generated.
Palace House, as it is now known, is marketed in ‘shell and core’ condition, with all structural work complete and consents and permissions in place to turn it into a 13,448sq ft townhouse.
Once finished, it will have six bedrooms — all with en-suite bathrooms and dressing rooms, naturally — plus a swimming pool, jacuzzi, steam room, gym and 15-seater cinema in the basement.
Not your normal pied-a-terre, in other words.
It’s ‘in the very centre of London, yet matching the grandeur of properties located in the English countryside,’ say agents.
At a guess, the poet might approve of the extensive walled garden (daffodils optional, clouds unpredictable), views over Archbishop’s Park and galleried library.
On the west side of the carriage driveway, the Coach House contains a three-car garage and two-bedroom staff annexe.
Lambeth: What you need to know
Location: The London Borough of Lambeth is located in South London on the Thames. Nearby stations include Lambeth North Underground (Bakerloo line), Westminster Underground (District, Circle and Jubilee lines), Waterloo Underground (Waterloo & City, Bakerloo, Northern and Jubilee lines) and Elephant and Castle (Northern line).
Atmosphere: The riverside borough is home to Lambeth Palace — the residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Imperial War Museum. It is conveniently located for direct access into Westminster and beyond, and benefits from plenty of shops, restaurants and bars in the area.
Things to do: Take a walk along the Albert Embankment which runs adjacent to the Thames, or visit the exhibits at the Garden Museum. The Imperial War Museum is close by and a short walk over Lambeth Bridge takes you to Westminster and Victoria.
Schools: Walnut Tree Walk Primary School is rated ‘good’ by Ofsted, whilst King’s College London Maths School and Evelina Hospital School are both rated ‘outstanding.’ | <urn:uuid:a859bb16-1ef5-4b7e-8c40-9de85219c5fa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://secure.countrylife.co.uk/property/a-former-rectory-once-owned-by-wordsworths-brother-reimagined-to-create-a-state-of-the-art-15m-dream-home-with-one-little-snag-236463 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.942929 | 582 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Go back in time with me to the Great Depression days of the 1950’s. Stoltzfus family patriarch (father, grandfather, and great grandfather) Amos from Lancaster County PA is looking desperately for an opportunity to bring in more income to support a large family. He starts on a new venture for him, selling a few head of chicken off the family farm along with some freshly baked bread at a small stand set up between two former horse stalls. He declares the venture a success when he sells everything he brought and goes home with a few dollars of cash in his pocket.
From humble roots to various full-fledged stands at a farmers market in Boothwyn PA, the Stoltzfus family eventually decided it was time to spread out. In 1993 they leased an old lumber supply building that sat empty for years, completely gutting it and turning it into a pleasant place to shop. This is the roots of the Stoltzfus family whose New Jersey venture started here in Williamstown as Stoltzfus Farm Market. Since the name doesn’t roll off the tongue of a South Jerseyan as easily as a PA Dutchman, it eventually became known simply as Williamstown Farmers Market.
As one of the original vendors, this writer well remembers the months of hard labor preparing for that first Thursday of business! On that May morning, showcases and counters were filled with product waiting for the first customer. After all the hard work a few questions lingered. Was it worth all the effort? (It was!) Would anyone show up? (They did!) And last but certainly not least would the Williamstown community accept this addition? 26 years later the answer to the last question is a resounding yes! In return, a few of the vendors decided South Jersey was a great place to live. Properties were bought and Salem County Mennonite Church was established as well. Though not all the vendors chose to leave beautiful Lancaster County PA, today many of the employees at various stands are residents of South Jersey.
At Williamstown Farmers Market we are truly grateful for the opportunity to serve you. We will continue our commitment to quality product and friendly service and want to thank all of our many customers and friends for your patronage.
The Stoltzfus Family & Vendors
Williamstown Farmers Market
701 N Blackhorse Pike
Williamstown, NJ 08094
Phone: (856) 875-8039
Thursday | 9AM – 5PM
Friday | 9AM – 8PM
Saturday | 8AM – 4PM | <urn:uuid:7f88363b-444f-48b7-b838-e83a0832f6d7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://williamstownfarmersmarket.com/south-jersey-community/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.969125 | 538 | 1.523438 | 2 |
incomplete, imperfect, impermanent
Mark 4 is finally in the works!
I haven’t spoken much about Mark 4, so here’s a quick run down:
1. Increase the torsional rigidity of the frame.
I recently borrowed my friends carbon fibre bike, A specialized tarmac, and wanted to compare how that frame held up against my wooden bike. After riding both around, what I discovered was that the carbon frame was significantly stronger than the wood frame when dealing with torsional stiffness, don’t get me wrong, Mark 3 holds itself well when I’m stepping on the higher gears, but there is still some give. There has been talk about the importance of torsional rigidity, and it seems like there are two main arguments. One side argues that torsional rigidity matters, as the flex in the frame is energy that is lost, the other claims that although there is more flex, the frame returns the energy back and propels the bike forward. Either way, a more torsionally stiffer frame would be desirable.
How I’ve decided to deal with this, is to look at how composite materials are being used in other industries, for instance, looking at how skateboards, snowboards, ski’s and surfboards are made. These examples are great for research, as they are all initially made from wood and then further reinforced using either a torsion box, or carbon fibre.
As I had spare carbon fibre lying around, and a tonne of epoxy, I decided to give this a go. I routed out an internal groove in my frame, and then proceeded to line the internal structure with carbon fibre, as well as creating a larger diametre cross section in my frames, all with the hope of reducing torsion, only time will tell how this turns out
2. Australian woods
I wanted to design a frame that was constructed purely out of Australian timbers. The goal was to reduce the carbon costs of my bikes, while still creating something beautiful. The cost of growing native species and bringing them to my work shop would be significantly less than European birch or African mahogany grown overseas and shipped to Australia.
The woods I’ve chosen to work with, are Hoop pine, and Jarrah. I choose the hoop pine, as I’ve heard excellent things about it when it comes to strength, one of the main reasons why its used in plywood, The Jarrah was chosen due to its almost unmatched strength in Australian timbers, meaning I could utilize it in areas of the bike frame where large amounts of stress were likely to occur.
3. Custom Drop outs
With my geometry being quite unique, using OEM dropouts wouldn’t cut it anymore, so I decided I would design and fabricate my own custom dropouts for each bike. I’ve also added the extra feature of the dropouts being replaceable, meaning the ability to run any kind you want. Initially I was going to outsource the work to a laser/plasma cutter, but realising that metal working was a skill I wanted to pick up, I decided hand fabricating them would be the better option. This allows me to hone my skills not only as a wood working but a metal worker too. I am also able to add much more detail into my dropouts this way
I’m about half way through my build, and progress is looking good, here are some pictures, enjoy! | <urn:uuid:4a98d82b-3ca4-42b0-881b-5a00a1401ea3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://zhengchindesign.com/2013/08/30/mark-4-is-in-the-works/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.971092 | 729 | 1.710938 | 2 |
We are co-hosting the mini-symposium “Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME)” at the 2018 World Congress on Computational Mechanics in New York.
Abstracts are sought that are relevant to the following topics:
ICME is an emerging field which promises to link manufacturing and design via advanced process-structure-property models in a seamless, integrated computational environment. It involves integration of information across different length and time scales for all relevant materials phenomena and enables concurrent analysis of manufacturing process and material properties within a holistic framework.
This mini-symposium focuses on such aspects and their integration in multiscale modeling approaches in general.
The topics covered include (but are not limited to):
- Multiscale modeling: Strategies for representing the inherently multiscale nature of the problem covering different spatial or temporal scales
- Enrichment and XFEM/GFEM methods
- Adaptive mesh or sampling grid generation
- Mesh generation
- Process-structure models: Part-scale and multiscale simulation of the manufacturing process for predicting surface topology and microstructure including defects
- Multi-scale material characterization
- Structure based property prediction
- Modeling of advanced manufacturing or joining processes
- Modeling of novel material systems
- Metal forming and materials processing simulation and design
- Process-part optimization for design of structural parts/components
- Verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification
- Probabilistic methods in multiscale modeling
Further information can be found on the conference website. Deadline for abstract submission is December 31, 2017. | <urn:uuid:c00e4daf-f112-4d4c-96b0-923c5f57785d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://clmi-dev.utk.edu/minisymposium-at-wccm2018-integrated-computational-materials-engineering-icme/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.868757 | 327 | 1.65625 | 2 |
University officials confirmed yesterday that norovirus —
a highly contagious virus that spreads easily in close quarters
— caused the outbreak that began last week in Mary Markley
Residence Hall and recently spread to other residence halls such as
The health officials said they are making headway in fighting
the outbreak of viral gastroenteritis — commonly known as the
stomach flu — caused by the virus.
“I don’t think we’re done but this seems to be
coming under control,” University Health Service spokesman
Robert Winfield said.
Winfield added that although norovirus can be transmitted by
food, the University’s Department of Occupational Safety and
Environmental Health has been unable to link the Markley outbreak
to a food source, especially because food-borne outbreaks typically
occur in higher numbers.
“The University of North Carolina had an outbreak of 300
students earlier this year, and they were able to trace it back to
the salad bar in the cafeteria, but not which item in the bar was
the problem,” Winfield said.
“In this case we were not able to identify a common shared
food that would have caused this to be food-borne,” he
Data collected by the Washtenaw County Health Department and
OSEH was sent to the Michigan Department of Community Health last
week, where the tests were conducted.
“We’ve been working together as a collaborative
team,” said Winfield.
He said he has a positive opinion about the University’s
handling of the viral outbreak.
“I’m pleased with the outcome so far. When you
consider that there are (many) students in Markley and it appears
that well less than 10 percent became sick, that’s really
good,” Winfield said.
Housing spokesman Alan Levy said in total, 93 students reported
themselves as having flu-like symptoms in the last week. But after
interviewing students, OSEH confirmed that 11 cases were not
related to the Markley outbreak.
“OSEH can say 11 of them have been eliminated for further
consideration because they either had symptoms unrelated to this,
or they weren’t even sick at all,” Levy said.
“The actual number of cases we’re still looking at is
Levy said two new cases were reported in East Quad Residence
Hall, and one case was reported in South Quad Residence Hall.
In addition, several new cases were reported in Markley, but as
OSEH continues to investigate the outbreak, they may be able to
eliminate more cases.
Levy said dining service employees will continue to take
precautions to prevent the spread of the virus.
“We think we have very high standards to begin with. All
of that has been re-done in terms of communication to the staff the
high concerns of handling food safely. That’s across all
dining rooms, not just Markley, to make sure we are staying ahead
wherever there are possibilities of transmission,” Levy
Both Levy and Winfield said that many of the precautions taken
by the University were directly related to norovirus.
“We decided that since we thought it was probably the germ
and since it’s the hardest to contain we would go ahead and
be as aggressive as we could be, feeling that that was the
appropriate thing to do in light of our suspicions,” Winfield
Some students like LSA freshman Brad Lazarus seem to be less
worried about contracting the virus, as the number of cases
decreases. Lazarus is a Frederick House resident in South Quad,
where one student has been infected.
“It’s just what happens when everyone is living so
close together,” Lazarus said.
He added that he believes students are blowing the outbreak out
of proportion, and was generally satisfied with the ways in which
the University has dealt with the illness.
“I’m not worried at all. It seemed like (the
University) handled the situation very well,” Lazarus
Winfield said students should follow the same procedures that
were recommended before the illness was confirmed as norovirus,
including staying in their dorm rooms for three days after the
virus has subsided to prevent spread.
Students can also visit UHS during the day, or call their
24-hour support line after hours at 662-5674.
In addition, students who are sick and living in residence halls
should notify hall staff to have their meals brought to their
rooms, get assistance with cleanup and obtain Virex, which is an
antiviral chemical used to kill viruses on high-contact surfaces
like doorknobs and countertops. | <urn:uuid:2b82717b-9742-4265-ba46-1b806f14d8db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.michigandaily.com/uncategorized/u-cause-flu-was-norovirus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.974793 | 1,051 | 2.25 | 2 |
Introduction: Allgrove syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a Lacrima, achalasia, adrenal Insufficiency and Neurologic disorders. Mutation in (AAAS) gene on chromosome 12q13, has been implicated.
Case report: Eighteen-year-old male referred to the Endocrinology clinic for evaluation of suspected adrenal insufficiency. The patient reported generalized weakness, fatigue, anorexia recurrent fainting attacks, and progressive hyperpigmentation of the skin for 6 months. Regarding his past history. His mother noticed absence of tears since early childhood for which he was diagnosed as alacrimia and given tear substitutes. At the age of 12 he presented with progressive dysphagia more for liquids than solids. Clinical findings included; Weight: 38.5 kg, height: 163 cm, BMI: 14.5 kg/M2. Pluse: 80/min, blood pressure was 80/60 with no postural variation. Dark pigmentation generalized more in back, side of chest and face. Neurological examination revealed wasting of thenar and hypothenar muscles, bilateral partial claw hand, he has generalized wasting but normal tone, power and reflexes, with preserved superficial and deep sensation, nasal twang of voice. pubic hair Tanner stage 4, peins (8 cm), and testis (5×3×2 cm). Baseline investigations revealed normal complete blood counts, serum creatinine and normal electrolytes (serum Na,137 mmol/L; serum K, 4.14 mmol/L). TSH: 3.7 μIU/ml (normal: 0. 335.5), free T4; 1.2 ng/dl (0.81.9), Free T3: 2.3 pg/ml. Basal serum cortisol (8:00 AM) was very low (0.5 μg/dL) normal range (1020 μg/dL). Plasma ACTH levels were markedly elevated (1,250 pg/mL; normal range, 9 to 52 pg/mL). CT abdomen and pelvis were normal with no definite adrenal mass. Diagnosis of primary adrenal insufficiency was established. Barium swallow showed dilated thoracic oesophagus above the lower oesophageal. sphincter and bird beak appearance. Esophageal manometry showed; lower esophageal resting pressure was 27 mmHg,incomplete relaxation with swallows of 56% (N: 85100%). The average amplitude of the distal esophageal body was low of 16 mmHg (N: 40120 mmHg) confirming the diagnosis of achalasia cardia. Nerve conduction tests revealed radiculoneuropathy. On the basis of primary adrenal insufficiency (with normal mineralocorticoid balance), alacrimia, achalasia cardia, and peripheral neuropathy a diagnosis of Allgrove syndrome was established.
Conclusion: Allgrove syndrome is a multisystem disease and the cardinal manifestations may appear at any time from infancy to adulthood. Patients are likely prone to complications like Addisonian crisis, recurrent aspiration and failure to thrive.
18 May 2019 - 21 May 2019 | <urn:uuid:86161b09-5a12-4940-ad5c-c0fbce68afa2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0063/ea0063p19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.907144 | 676 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Can 1 year olds get lice?
Head lice are very common, especially in children between the ages of four and 11 . Younger children can easily catch them from playing with older siblings, or from nursery or preschool . They’re not a sign of poor hygiene, and are found just as often in clean hair .
How do I get rid of lice on my 6 month old?
Wet hair with olive oil or baby oil. Comb hair in every direction with a professional nit comb. Wipe comb between each pass on a paper towel to remove lice/nits. Keep combing until no lice/nits are coming out.
How do I know my baby has lice?
- Intense itching on the scalp, body or in the genital area.
- Tickling feeling from movement of hair.
- Lice on your scalp, body, clothing, or pubic or other body hair. …
- Lice eggs (nits) on hair shafts. …
- Sores on the scalp, neck and shoulders. …
- Bite marks especially around the waist, groin, upper thighs and pubic area.
Can lice hurt my baby?
If left untreated, head lice can last for a long time, and be very irritating for your baby, though they’re unlikely to cause him any harm . Fortunately, nits and head lice can usually be removed by following a wet-combing technique .
How did my kid get lice?
How did my child get head lice? Head-to-head contact with an already infested person is the most common way to get head lice. Head-to-head contact is common during play at school, at home, and elsewhere (sports activities, playground, slumber parties, camp).
What kills head lice instantly?
Smothering agents: There are several common home products that may kill lice by depriving them of air and smothering them. These products include petroleum jelly (Vaseline), olive oil, butter, or mayonnaise. Any of these products may be applied to the scalp and hair, covered with a shower cap, and left on overnight.
Can lice go away on its own?
Head lice will not go away on their own. If you think your child has an infestation, there are several steps you should take right away. Call your doctor to confirm the diagnosis. Notify your child’s day care or school so other students can be checked.
Why do head lice keep coming back?
Why do head lice keep recurring? Head lice keep recurring when eggs are missed and left in the hair. Those missed eggs then hatch and you find head lice again. Removing all the eggs is key to stopping head lie recurring.
Why do adults not get lice?
Adults are less likely to participate in the same activities and are therefore less likely to contract lice. That does not mean, however, that they are immune. Lice like hair and they go after the blood beneath the surface of the scalp as their means of food.
Do lice move when you touch them?
Nymphs (and adult lice) move quickly and avoid light. Mites begin to appear in your hair, on your skin, and on anything your head has touched. Itching might not start right away. | <urn:uuid:763cfa45-78bb-4fae-92cc-15d671ba0261> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cokerschampagnetaste.com/newborn/question-can-lice-live-in-baby-hair.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.962731 | 707 | 2.390625 | 2 |
The slanting eye, heavy lips, and the drooping chin here are easily recognised as the pharaoh Akhenaten.
This piece is a ‘sculptor’s model’ from Amarna. Such models are slabs of stone on which the representation is thought to be a master’s model for his assistants to follow while decorating a wall with relief or, alternatively, an apprentice’s study piece.
The king’s image appears to be unfinished, lacking characteristic furrows and lines and the royal uranus.
150 x 120mm. | <urn:uuid:f150a2aa-7f1e-4e3b-97e6-f2bca64e4640> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tutroadshow.com/product/relief-panel-akhenaten-at-amarna/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.90871 | 122 | 1.953125 | 2 |
How does snapper fish taste?
Red snapper is a lean, firm-textured fish that has a mild, slightly sweet taste . Offering a versatile flavor profile, it pairs well with a range of ingredients. Snapper is a mild fish that is perfect for anyone new to seafood and those that don’t like an overly “ fishy ” fish .
How do I know when red snapper is done?
Bake the snapper fillets for about 15 minutes, or until they are no longer translucent. When they’re done , the flesh should be opaque and it should flake easily when poked with a fork. Make a sauce. Red snapper fillets can be dressed up with a simple butter sauce that brings out the best in their flavor.
Do you leave the skin on red snapper?
Red Snapper’s striking appearance makes it a perfect option for grilling the whole fish, although you can also grill Red Snapper fillets. Leaving the skin on makes the fish easier to grill, and helps to keep the fish moist.
Is snapper a good fish to eat?
Red snapper is a low-calorie, high-protein fish that contains all nine essential amino acids. 3 It’s also packed with Vitamins D and E, the minerals magnesium and selenium, and is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids. It does have moderately high levels of mercury, however, which can pose a health risk.
Is snapper like salmon?
The red snapper is warm water fish that like to live in the ocean depth about 300 feet. Just like salmon , snapper available in various species. However the most well known snapper species so far is the red snapper with its bright red skin appearance.
Why is my red snapper rubbery?
As far as it being rubbery and tough that sounds like the fish was overcooked. Try cooking it much less and you should be OK. I’d venture to say that the filets still had skin on them. The skin will shrink at a different rate than the flesh, causing curling.
Is snapper the same as red snapper?
The name red snapper has been foisted off on just about any fish that is red . Beware of “ snapper ” sold on the West Coast; it could actually be rockfish, which has a completely different taste and texture. Red snappers grow to 35 pounds, although 4- to 6-pound fish are most common.
Does red snapper have lots of bones?
Each snapper filet has a line of bones that go from the edge of the filet toward the center about half way. It is best to remove this line of bones before cooking. The best way to remove these bones is to just make a slit on each side and remove the whole line at once.
Do you eat the skin on snapper?
Salmon, branzino, sea bass, snapper , flounder, and mackerel skin are all delicious when cooked until crisp. But Usewicz says you should forget about ever trying to eat tuna skin (it’s way too tough) or skate skin , which has thorn-like barbs in it (fortunately most skate is sold already cleaned).
Which snapper is the best?
Quite simply, Red Snapper are one of the tastiest fish on the planet. They’re easily the tastiest Snapper species .
Is red snapper high in mercury?
Limit cod, pollock, haddock, tuna (6ounce can) to one meal per week. Limit salmon and shellfish to 2 to 3 meals per week.
|SPECIES||MEAN (PPM)||RANGE (PPM)|
|* Red Snapper||0.60||0.07-1.46|
|*Trout Freshwater||0.42||1.22 (max)|
Do you have to scale snapper?
Red snapper , served whole with its rosy skin, can make a handsome display on the dinner table. Recipes for whole fish, however, often say ” scale the fish,” without providing details. Scaling a snapper or other skin-on fish is a basic kitchen skill that can be accomplished with simple tools. | <urn:uuid:1ca49dd2-5d76-49f2-bfd5-6ee65bb1bbf5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://yellowbellycafe.com/how-to-cook/how-to-cook-snapper-fillets.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.944533 | 917 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Ussi'n is a queer photographer based in Paris.
Through his work he documents black LGBTQIA+ and gender-non-conforming individuals from Paris. Aware that in many African countries homosexuality is considered illegal and unnatural, Ussi'n's work depicts a hidden and often misunderstood facet of sexuality in Afro communities.
His ongoing photo project "If We Were Allowed," seeks to capture what in the minds of the majority is considered abnormal, "normal". Using photography as a medium, Ussi'n invites himself into the intimacy of same-sex couples, in order to portray love in a way that society has never exposed it, while celebrating queer culture in the African diaspora.
His hope is to change misconceptions about LGBTQ people in Africa and create a visual archive that will serve as a reference for the next generation. In the same vein, he hopes that love will overcome hate, and that same-sex people in African countries will finally be able to love each other freely and be loved for who they are.
For any inquiries and print requests, please contact firstname.lastname@example.org
CONNECTION DIGITAL EUROPE "1854 Meet the Unsigned" - LE BOOK, April 2021
IDENTITY Virtual Exhibition - The Holy Art Gallery, January - February, 2021
Black Art Matters - Maag Halle, Zurich, July - August, 2020
Prix Picto de la Mode - Palais Galliera, Paris, October, 2017
Bodies of the Earth - Centre of African Studies, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK, October, 2017 - March, 2018
Diaspora Speaking 2nd Edition - Artgang Montreal, Montreal CA, September, 2017
Moadiga x Onze Home - Paris, April, 2017
Moadiga x Afro Dinner - Paris, November, 2016
AFRICAN ART FAIR 2016 - Gallerie Joseph Turenne, Paris, October, 2016. | <urn:uuid:475d04a3-8c8b-44c1-9f85-d196aa0a9d6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ussinyala.com/about | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.880484 | 445 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Children at Krabi Kindergarten were among the gold medal winners at the World International Mathematical Olympiad in Tokyo.
Director of Krabi Kindergarten Suthep Piakbutr announced January 16, 2020, first graders Than Thongnoon and Chatdanai Limsirilangsan both won gold medals at the 2019 World International Mathematical Olympiad held back on December 28 in Tokyo. The math competition brought together 330 math students from 12 countries: Australia, Bulgaria, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Ukraine, Singapore, and Thailand.
Prior to the final competition in Tokyo, 1,700 students competed at the Thailand International Mathematical Olympiad in Phuket in April of 2019. A subsequent competition was held where 1,300 students competed at the Hong Kong International Mathematical Olympiad from August to September. Thailand received 21 gold metals, 11 silver metals, 13 bronze metals, and 3 merit awards. The two students at Krabi Kindergarten were among the 21 gold medal finalists. | <urn:uuid:bdf6a374-705b-4c77-8fff-82aeb37f7ba3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pattayamail.com/featured/krabi-kindergarten-pupils-take-gold-medals-at-world-math-olympiad-286573 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.935506 | 219 | 1.632813 | 2 |
We are more than one hundred days into lockdown here in metro Melbourne — and it’s been going on even longer in the unlucky postcodes where the virus landed after the hotel quarantine breaches. That makes it a good time to look back at what we learned from the first wave to guide us through the second, and what more we’ve learned from the second lockdown, one of the longest and strictest anywhere in the world.
We need to bear in mind one striking characteristic of this virus: it spreads in clusters. Between 10 and 20 per cent of cases are believed to be responsible for 80 per cent of infections via “superspreader” events. These happen when a symptomatic person with a high viral load is coughing, sneezing or talking loudly in a group of people in a poorly ventilated environment. By contrast, most infected people don’t pass on the virus at all.
Of the key metrics epidemiologists employ to describe an epidemic, the one most commonly cited is the effective reproduction number, or R. As we all know by now, this number captures how many new people each case infects on average, and roughly corresponds to the relationship between the number of new cases today and the number we had one incubation period ago (the five to six days it takes for a person to become infected following exposure). A reproduction number of one means that each case infects one other person on average; above one, the outbreak will take off exponentially.
Uncontrolled, the R value for this coronavirus is somewhere between two and three, depending on the setting, which means the caseload more than doubles each five to six days. Once you have 200 cases, you will quickly get to 400 and then 800 within the space of just ten days. Get R below one, and the outbreak peters out.
We reduce R by putting in place interventions including the individual precautions of distancing, hygiene and masks, as well as population-level restrictions such as closing hospitality venues, retail outlets and other services deemed non-essential. Generally the advice on lockdowns is to go early and go hard; four to six weeks covers up to eight average incubation periods, and is seen as sufficient to close down community transmission while testing facilities are moved to surge capacity and workplaces prepare to operate in Covid-safe ways. Shorter, stricter lockdowns can work as circuit-breakers in established outbreaks when transmission rates have started to creep higher.
As a measure of the epidemic, the R number has the drawback of being an average. We now know that the number of cases one person infects can vary from zero to one hundred or more, but we also know that an average doesn’t tell the full story. So we use another metric as well: the dispersion factor, or k. This figure has not been routinely reported in Australia, but it is important for Covid-19 because it describes how much a disease clusters. The lower the k value, the smaller the proportion of cases responsible for transmissions. Flu, for example, has a higher k value than SARS-CoV-2 (the virus responsible for Covid-19) and spreads more evenly through the population if people aren’t immune. SARS and MERS outbreaks, also caused by coronaviruses, featured cluster transmission and in fact had even lower k numbers — and hence greater clustering — than the virus responsible for the current pandemic.
Like the reproduction number, k depends on local population characteristics (demographics, population density, number and size of high-risk transmission settings) and the interventions made by health authorities and governments. We didn’t know all this at the start of the pandemic, and the clustering transmission only became dramatically evident in wave two.
The beginning of Victoria’s second wave was buried in the tail of the first wave. Some of the new cases came as no surprise — authorities were still wrapping up the Cedar Meats outbreak, after all, and small numbers were continuing to appear, with the odd, refreshing zero-case day.
Health authorities didn’t test for community transmission in the first wave because they were anxious to focus testing capacity on high-risk returned travellers and their close contacts. But the serious cases that did appear in hospitals — the tip of the iceberg that was community transmission — made it clear there was a problem.
We may never know the true size of the first wave. Mercifully, though, with the big testing blitz in April failing to detect many more cases, we knew the lockdown worked. With measured steps, we managed to open up, having successfully eliminated all the community transmission caused by the first wave.
What’s critical about the hotel breach that sparked Victoria’s second wave is that a significant number of staff and guards were infected in quick succession, taking the virus home and into well-connected communities just as the government was easing the first-wave restrictions. In the third week of June, five additional hotel staff cases were reported in one day, a figure that doubled to ten and then to twenty in a single week, just as the second step out of restrictions commenced. The following week, total cases hit sixty a day; late the week after, 288 were recorded on one day.
Because authorities were increasingly testing symptomatic people (surveys suggest about half of Victorians with symptoms seek testing), this resurgence provided the data to build a more complete picture of the outbreak. We also gained a better understanding of transmission, with the sum of global evidence to date confirming that it mostly occurs via the respiratory route from droplets or, less frequently, aerosols. The evidence was also confirming that transmission usually occurs in clusters, most often when people are in close proximity indoors, with poor ventilation, for extended periods.
Melbourne’s second wave took off quickly because of the early superspreading, which also rapidly introduced the virus into a series of aged care facilities. The devastating acceleration of transmission in workplaces spread back into the workers’ homes and across workplaces or residential facilities. It’s likely that the early lockdown in the first wave prevented this, but it happened so quickly in the second wave — probably because of the demographics of those first local cases among hotel workers — that by the time the second lockdown took effect in wave two, it was too late.
Some commentators began arguing that Australia had opened too soon after wave one and that the resurgence in Victoria was evidence of a “failed suppression strategy.” This no doubt helped erode the public’s faith in the state government’s stage three lockdowns. This was one of the important lessons Victoria could have taken from wave one: that stage three for six weeks is effective in our setting, especially with the addition of masks. This insight was obscured by the unfolding story of what went wrong in hotel quarantine.
Despite the stage three restrictions having flattened the curve for a second time, and the addition of mandatory masks helping push the effective reproduction number below one, stage four was introduced just sixteen days later. Melbourne had already recorded 723 new cases in a single day, and a lack of confidence in stage three and an increasing concern about compliance pushed the setting to the next level of strict restrictions.
With lockdown tightening, and a night-time curfew added to very strict rules about how far and for how long individuals could travel from home, attention focused on the healthcare system’s capacity, and particularly the effectiveness of the contact-tracing process. Reassurances that it had sufficient capacity were countered by regular reports of clear failures. The concern was rising that lockdown would go on for much longer if the public health response was not up to the challenge.
Another sign that the authorities were losing control was the reversion to the most basic views about viral spread. Rather than a nuanced account drawn from the state’s experience and evidence from around the world, the premier’s daily press conferences increasingly focused on the “deadly,” “wildly infectious” virus rather than on the improving response.
Stage four added a series of time and distance constraints on leaving home, targeting the “aggregate movement” the government was starting to cite as the main indicator of risk. Rather than relying on people to follow straightforward rules — work from home, be conscious of the number of close contacts, don’t have visitors at home, take personal precautions and so on, all of which worked in pre-mask wave one — the second-wave restrictions were detailed and complicated.
In the process, an increasing number of the restrictions couldn’t clearly be explained in terms of risk or Covid-19 epidemiology. The curfew was one famous example, but other decisions also sought to micromanage behaviour in seemingly conflicting ways. Cricket nets could be used, for instance, but not tennis courts; a clinical Pilates class couldn’t be run with one instructor and three participants, but in the same space up to five clients could have sessions at the one time, each with his or her own instructor.
By step two of the second-wave restrictions, Melburnians could meet in groups of up to five people from two households in public, as long as they met within five kilometres of home. Many households had to split and take only a subgroup, but of course they then returned to their homes. Epidemiologists would be concerned about the number of households in a potential transmission network, not the number of people meeting in the park. On top of that, premier Daniel Andrews added that the rule was not restricted to the same household over time, effectively placing no limit on the households with which you could connect day to day, though this is where the potential for community transmission lay. Rules that could easily be enforced seemed to trump epidemiology.
When authorities start being prescriptive rather than providing high-level advice and broad principles, they confuse people and are then pressured into making even more specific rules to try to clarify the situation. Rules beget rules. People wait to be told exactly what they can and can’t do. They lose agency, and the government loses engagement.
Strict rules and large fines tied to enforcement also reinforce fear. People get the message that the second wave is somehow different, more “wildly infectious” than the first. They see neighbouring New South Wales managing to combat community transmission without restrictions and wonder how Victorians could be in this situation.
The coronavirus found the state’s capacities to be wanting in many respects. The health department had been pared back so severely that its starting point was behind those of other states. More importantly, though, the health authorities seemed to lack the capacity for the detailed analysis needed to inform and evaluate the components of the lockdown as it was unfolding.
Modelling was a feature of the “science” behind Victoria’s response, but it was communicated in a way that failed to instil confidence. The questions asked of the modellers focused on the implications of opening up further than the government was planning, and the high risk of a resurgence was then used to argue for stricter or longer restrictions. The time modelling was used to good effect, in my view, was when it evaluated risk among schoolchildren and led to an earlier-than-planned staged return to the classroom.
The aged care sector was not only woefully unprepared for the second wave, but authorities also took a long time to face up to fundamental challenges of workforce training, movement between facilities, and resident management. Lockdown played out in a different way in these settings, with many elderly residents confined to rooms and denied family access for extended periods. Aged care shortcomings were highlighted early in the second wave by both the unacceptable death toll and testimony to the royal commission into the sector. The case numbers, and especially the deaths, fed into the pressure for lockdown.
With part of the population now extremely concerned about the virus and/or our ability to contain it, and others unconvinced about the rationale behind the rules, public discussion — as opposed to assertion — largely closed down. The lockdown was politicised to a point where questioning any of the decisions, or the “science” behind them, could be met with threats of violence against the expert or journalist. In fact, divisiveness featured in the rules themselves, and was dominant in Premier Andrews’s commentary at his daily press conferences.
The five-kilometre rule and the “ring of steel” around Melbourne divided families, and divided customers and tourists from businesses and accommodation. Some services were unable to reopen because too many of their clients lived beyond the “ring” or outside a five-kilometre radius. Those on Melbourne’s fringes had fewer services within their five kilometres; a lucky few had a beach. Support services could open in step two, with indoor groups of up to twenty, but in regional Victoria twenty people could dine indoors at a restaurant while religious meeting places were closed and only ten could attend a prayer service outdoors. The former figure has now increased to forty, but the indoor–outdoor divide remains.
Importantly, some decisions ultimately determined which businesses and industries would survive. The loudest voices from different sectors can have more influence when the grounds for deciding what is and is not allowed become more fine-grained and arbitrary.
Regional Victorians were praised for their good behaviour and promised rewards. They were “fiercely protective” of their low-risk status, Melburnians were told, and didn’t want the metropolitan area opened because of the virus risk, even when case numbers fell to very low figures. As Melbourne was poised for step three, regional Victoria — which had already been granted additional leniency under step three — opened further; instead of returning to one state, the ring of steel was reinforced.
It will be a long time before we can see all the consequences of these extraordinary restrictions, much less measure them. The data collected on all 20,000 cases will provide rich evidence of transmission patterns, the effectiveness of different components of lockdown, and those mystery cases whose risk profiles we may be able to glean from the data.
Most of the information has been gathered via lengthy interviews with cases, which only moved from hard copy to direct computer entry surprisingly late in the piece. Artificial intelligence is now being employed to extract information from the data, but ideally this would be done at the time of interview for key exposures so that the epidemic dynamics could be monitored in real time and public health responses tailored appropriately.
Blanket restrictions were right for the first wave when we were still learning about this virus, its transmission routes and the consequences of infection. Somehow Victoria took a path that led to an even blunter set of restrictions in the second wave, and they didn’t work nearly as fast or as well. Public health benefits must always be weighed against the wider costs to health, economy and society.
In the end, the very failings of the second lockdown were used to justify more of the same. My main concern with these latest restrictions is that by September, with case numbers in low double digits, this lockdown was essentially being used to suppress transmission risk in the wider metro community so that, if public health responses failed, the collateral damage would be minimised.
By October, the health department had adopted the “contacts of contacts” approach to outbreak control that I had been advocating for months. Along with renewed efforts to find sources, which are critical in superspreader epidemics, rapid and comprehensive contact tracing promised to limit cases and end outbreaks sooner. In essence, it brings lockdown to the virus itself by asking all contacts of cases, and all of their contacts, to isolate until tests are completed and the extent of spread is determined. The second ring of contacts, if infected, are thus likely to be in isolation before they are even infectious, a game changer that removes the need for heavy state- or city-wide restrictions.
The biggest lesson from Victoria’s second lockdown is that everything must be done to prevent the need for another. We will no doubt see more cases, even if we get down to zero now. But the upgraded public health response we are told is in place — early-warning systems, workplace screening, sentinel surveillance, increased testing capacity, and a ramped-up, localised public health response — should prevent further waves and restrictions. Nonetheless, we must interrogate what happened, what we did well, and where there was more cost than benefit.
The final lessons of lockdown will be in the opening up. So far, the government’s extreme caution suggests a great fear of relying on the new system in the absence of strict lockdown. I trust this is a story of too much caution from our leaders rather than of concerns about the state’s capacity. •
Funding for this article from the Copyright Agency’s Cultural Fund is gratefully acknowledged. | <urn:uuid:2b85d1db-4e7d-4c33-849d-aa52a018894b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://insidestory.org.au/lessons-from-the-lockdown/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.971348 | 3,474 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Federal Election Laws
Electoral College facts, Obama not eligible, Electors must vote per US Constitution, Faithless Electors, Federal Election Laws, State Laws, Elector pledges, States and Electors must uphold US Constitution
“The people are uninformed, and would be misled by a few designing men.” — Delegate Gerry, July 19, 1787. 1860 election: 4 electors in New Jersey, pledged for Stephen Douglas, voted for Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln. Electoral College must be maintained We must adhere to spirit and intent of law The Electoral College was set up by the founding fathers to achieve two primary goals. To prevent smaller states and lower population areas from being dominated by a few larger states with higher population densities. To prevent a tyrant orRead More
Obama born in Kenya, Obama Indonesian, Obama illegal alien, State election officials, Board of elections, Electors, US Constitution, Federal Election Laws, State Election Laws, Will Electoral College Electors vote for illegal alien?
Barack Obama was born in Kenya. Documented. Barack Obama became an Indonesian citizen. Documented. Barack Obama is an illegal alien. Documented. No illegal alien has ever been on the US presidential ballot. Documented. The US Constitution states the qualifications for president. The US Constitution rules. Federal Election Law: “The following provisions of law governing Presidential Elections are contained in Chapter 1 of Title 3, United States Code (62 Stat. 672, as amended): § 8. The electors shall vote for President and Vice President, respectively, in the manner directed by theRead More | <urn:uuid:38ad2029-8832-446f-b909-ea44ee9cc773> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://citizenwells.net/tag/federal-election-laws/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.934689 | 322 | 2.671875 | 3 |
State any two differences between phosphorus and carbon cycles in nature.
Differences between carbon cycle and phosphorous cycle are listed below:
|Carbon Cycle||Phosphorus Cycle|
|It involves the gaseous state of carbon.||It does not involve the gaseous state of phosphorus.|
|Atmosphere play a major role in carbon cycle.||Atmosphere does not play any role in phosphorous cycle.|
Concept: Nutrient Cycling
Is there an error in this question or solution?
Video Tutorials For All Subjects
- Nutrient Cycling | <urn:uuid:6bad57fd-4c69-4b6b-864a-594aaca45dc5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.shaalaa.com/question-bank-solutions/state-any-two-differences-between-phosphorus-carbon-cycles-nature-nutrient-cycling_47960 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.784564 | 142 | 2.515625 | 3 |
RIO DE JANEIRO — Business was brisk in the Mandela shantytown on a recent night. In the glow of a weak light bulb, customers pawed through packets of powdered cocaine and marijuana priced at $5, $10, $25. Teenage boys with semiautomatic weapons took in money and made change while flirting with girls in belly-baring tops lounging nearby.
Next to them, a gaggle of kids jumped on a trampoline, oblivious to the guns and drug-running that are part of everyday life in this and hundreds of other slums, known as favelas, across this metropolitan area of 12 million people. Conspicuously absent from the scene was crack, the most addictive and destructive drug in the triad that fuels Rio’s lucrative narcotics trade.
Once crack was introduced here about six years ago, Mandela and the surrounding complex of shantytowns became Rio’s main outdoor drug market, a “cracolandia,” or crackland, where users bought the rocks, smoked and lingered until the next hit. Hordes of addicts lived in cardboard shacks and filthy blankets, scrambling for cash and a fix.
Now, there was no crack on the rough wooden table displaying the goods for sale, and the addicts were gone. The change hadn’t come from any police or public health campaign. Instead, the dealers themselves have stopped selling the drug in Mandela and nearby Jacarezinho in a move that traffickers and others say will spread citywide within the next two years.
The drug bosses, often born and raised in the very slums they now lord over, say crack destabilizes their communities, making it harder to control areas long abandoned by the government. Law enforcement and city authorities, however, take credit for the change, arguing that drug gangs are only trying to create a distraction and persuade police to call off an offensive to take back the slums.
Dealers shake their heads, insisting it was their decision to stop selling crack, the crystalized form of cocaine.
“Crack has been nothing but a disgrace for Rio. It’s time to stop,” said the drug boss in charge. He is Mandela’s second-in-command – a stocky man wearing a Lacoste shirt, heavy gold jewelry and a backpack bulging with $100,000 in drugs and cash. At 37, he’s an elder in Rio’s most established faction, the Comando Vermelho, or Red Command. He’s wanted by police, and didn’t want his name published.
He discussed the decision as he watched the night’s profits pile up in neat, rubber-banded stacks from across the narrow street. He kept one hand on his pistol and the other on a crackling radio that squawked out sales elsewhere in the slum and warned of police.
The talk of crack left him agitated; he raised his voice, drawing looks from the fidgety young men across the road. Although crack makes him a lot of money, he has his own reasons to resent the drug; everyone who comes near it does, he said.
His brother – the one who studied, left the shantytown and joined the air force – fell prey to it. Crack users smoke it and often display more addictive behavior. The brother abandoned his family and his job, and now haunts the edges of the slum with other addicts.
“I see this misery,” he said. “I’m a human being too, and I’m a leader here. I want to say I helped stop this.”
For the ban to really take hold, it would need the support of the city’s two other reigning factions: the Amigos dos Amigos, or Friends of Friends, and the Terceiro Comando, Third Command.
That would mean giving up millions in profits. According to an estimate by the country’s Security Committee of the House and the Federal Police, Brazilians consume between 800 kilos and 1.2 tons of crack a day, a total valued at about $10 million.
It’s unclear how much Rio’s traffickers earn from the drug, but police apprehensions show a surge in its availability in the state. In 2008, police seized 14 kilos; two years later the annual seizure came to 200 kilos, according to the Public Security Institute.
Nonetheless, the other gangs are signing up, said attorney Flavia Froes. Her clients include the most notorious figures of Rio’s underbelly, and she has been shuttling between them, visiting favelas and far-flung high-security prisons to talk up the idea.
“They’re joining en masse. They realized that this experience with crack was not good, even though it was lucrative. The social costs were tremendous. This wasn’t a drug for the rich; it was hitting their own communities.”
As Froes walks these slums, gingerly navigating potholed roads in six-inch stiletto heels and rhinestone-studded jeans, men with a gun in each hand defer to her, calling her “doutora,” or doctor, because of her studies, or “senhora,” or ma’am, out of respect.
“While stocks last, they’ll sell. But it’s not being bought anymore,” she said. “Today we can say with certainty that we’re looking at the end of crack in Rio de Janeiro.”
Even those who question the traffickers’ sudden surge of social conscience say the idea of the city’s drug lords coming together to ban crack isn’t far-fetched. After all, a similar deal between factions kept the drug out of Rio for years.
Crack first took hold in Sao Paulo, the country’s business capital, during the 1990s. In the early 2000s, it spread across Brazil in an epidemic reminiscent of the one the U.S. had experienced decades earlier. A recent survey found it was eventually sold or consumed in 98 percent of Brazilian municipalities. Most of the cities were too understaffed, underfunded and uninformed to resist its onslaught.
And yet, an agreement between factions kept crack a rarity in Rio until a handful of years ago, said Mario Sergio Duarte, Rio state’s former police chief.
“Rio was always cocaine and marijuana,” he said. “If drug traffickers are coming up with this strategy of going back to cocaine and marijuana, it’s not because they suddenly developed an awareness, or because they want to be charitable and help the addicts. It’s just that crack brings them too much trouble to be worth it.”
Duarte believes dealers turned to crack when their other business started losing ground within the city.
Police started taking back slums long given over to the drug trade as Rio vied to host the 2014World Cup and the 2016 Olympics. The plan disrupted trade, and the factions began hemorrhaging money, said Duarte. Crack seemed like the solution, and the drug flooded the market.
“Crack was profit; it’s cheap, but it sells. Addiction comes quick. They were trying to make up their losses,” he said.
Soon, the gangs were being haunted by the consequences.
Unlike the customers who came for marijuana or cocaine, dropped cash and left, crack users hung around the sales points, scraping for money for the next hit. They broke the social code that usually maintains a tense calm in the slums; they stole, begged, threatened or sold their bodies to get their next rock. Their presence made the hard life there nearly unbearable.
The Mandela drug boss said crack even sapped the drug kingpins’ authority.
“How can I tell someone he can’t steal, when I know I sold him the drugs that made him this way?” he said.
Many saw their own family members and childhood friends fall under the drug’s spell.
“The same crack I sell to your son is being sold to mine. I talked to one of the pioneers in selling crack in Rio. His son’s using now. Everyone is saying we have to stop.”
In Mandela, residents had to step over crack users on their way between home and work and warn their children to be careful around the “zombies.”
“There were robberies in the favela, violence, people killed in the middle of the street, people having sex or taking a crap anywhere,” said Cleber, an electronics repair shop owner who has lived in Mandela for 16 years. He declined to give his last name because he lives in a neighborhood ruled bygang members, and like many, prefers not to comment publicly.
“Now we’re going out again, we can set up a barbecue pit outside, have a drink with friends, without them gathering around,” he said. “We’re a little more at ease.”
Researcher Ignacio Cano, at the Violence Analysis Center of Rio de Janeiro State University, said crack is still being sold outside only select communities and that it’s hard to tell if the stop is a temporary, local measure or a real shift in operations citywide.
He said unprecedented pressure bore down on drug gangs once they began selling crack. In particular, the addicts’ encampments were sources of social and health problems, drawing the attention of the authorities.
Since March 2011, dawn raids involving police, health and welfare officials began taking users off the streets to offer treatment, food, a checkup and a hot shower. Since then, 4,706 people have cycled through the system. Of those, 663 were children or teenagers.
“I have operations every day, all over Rio,” said Daphne Braga, who coordinates the effort for the city welfare office.
At the same time, crack became such a dramatic problem nationally that the government allocated special funds to combat it, including a $253 million campaign launched by President Dilma Rousseff in May 2010 to stem the drug trade. Last November, another $2 billion were set aside to create treatment centers for addicts and get them off the streets.
In May, 150 federal police officers occupied a Rio favela to implement a pilot program fighting the crack trade and helping users.
“There are many reasons why they might stop,” said Cano.
Crack’s social cost is clear where the drug is still sold, right outside Mandela and Jacarezinho. In the shantytown of Manguinhos, along a violent area known as the Gaza Strip, an army of crack addicts lives in encampments next to a rail line.
Another couple hundred gather inside the slum, buying from a stand inside a little restaurant. Customers eat next to young men with guns and must step around a table laden with packaged drugs and tightly bound wads of cash to use the restroom. Crack users smoke outside, by the lights of a community soccer field where an animated game draws onlookers late into the night.
The Rev. Antonio Carlos Costa, founder of the River of Peace social service group, knows the dealers and believes the ban on crack here is “real, without return, and has a real chance of spreading to other favelas.”
That’s good news for residents, he said, but users will have to migrate to look for drugs, and that might expose them to real risk.
“They won’t be welcome. This society wants them dead,” he said. “This won’t be a problem that can be solved only with money. We’ll need professionals who really take an interest in these people. We’ll need compassion. It’ll be a challenge to our solidarity.”
Also predicting risks, attorney Froes has prepared a civil court action demanding local and state governments prepare treatment centers for users.
“There will be a great weaning of all these addicts as they’re deprived of drugs,” she said. “We’re not prepared to take on all the people who will need care.”
The addicts recognize the difficulty of their own rehabilitation.
One 16-year-old boy laying on a bare piece of foam said he’d studied until the 2nd grade but couldn’t read. Now, he was going on his third year in the streets.
“Who is going to give me work?” he asked.
Sharing his mattress was a 28-year-old woman. It had been three years since she last saw her three children and parents in Niteroi, the city across the bay from Rio. She was filthy, all of her body bearing the marks of life on the streets: bruises and open wounds, missing front teeth, matted hair.
“I wasn’t born like this. You think my parents want to see me now?” she asked. “I can’t go back there.”
A teenager with jaundiced, bloodshot eyes said she couldn’t remember how long she’d been on the streets, or her age.
She knew her name – Natalia Gonzales – and that she was born in 1997.
“I have nowhere to go,” she said, tears rolling down her cheeks. Softly, she started to sing a hymn, and its call for salvation in the afterlife took on an urgent note.
“God, come save me, extend your hand,” she sang. “Heal my heart, make me live again.” | <urn:uuid:1e4a96d2-19e0-474f-8584-fa3343bcf8ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://umaincertaantropologia.org/tag/drogas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.969012 | 2,909 | 2.078125 | 2 |
(This is a guest post by Dana Kaplan. Dana has her MA in Early Childhood Education with an additional certification in Gifted Education. Dana joined PS 33, Chelsea Prep for the 2006-2007 school year. During Dana’s tenure at PS 33, she taught Pre-K for two years, launched the ICT-Kindergarten class, and independently created, piloted, and launched PS 33’s Gifted and Talented Program. Dana recently launched her personal business, Developing Empathetic Education with Dana (D.E.E.D.), where she consults with schools and parents on the critical needs for Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) as well as gifted and talented and “all things school related.”)
As a veteran teacher who’s had the privilege of working with a myriad of learners across all ages, spectrums, and demographics, I am offering (and highly encouraging!) EVERY parent, guardian, and family FULL PERMISSION to SCREAM and STOMP! You didn’t sign up for homeschooling and now, it’s truly encompassing your entire life! Oh, and don’t forget about simultaneously maintaining your full-time job, cooking/grocery shopping, keeping your home zen, social distancing while coordinating facetime playdates and…and…and!
Second permission to SCREAM and STOMP!
Now, it’s time to breathe, deep into your belly and slowly release! MY job is to bring you calm and support! Over the past and current days, weeks, and months yours, mine, and everyone’s life will be flowing with opportunities to employee flexibility. Flexibility ultimately occurs when we release control of the uncontrollables! Below are a few tips to unlock doors that seemed jammed, unknown, or forgotten.
1. Always AND forever, YOU ARE YOUR CHILD’S PARENT! Your sole job is to unconditionally love, encourage, laugh, grow, and accept your child. Forget the books, the endless emails from teachers, the countless guilt for not knowing or understanding the latest common core strategy requiring three ways to solve a math equation, and most importantly, STOP comparing how you’re doing with what your friends or child’s friends’ parents are doing!
YOU ARE A ROCK STAR because you are showing up daily and taking each day in stride!
2. The space between your ears is LIMITLESS! Options are always available for you to choose. As you receive emails and instructions from your child(ren)’s teacher(s) and school, think about what best suits your child, you, and your entire family! Remote learning is complex and can easily turn into an immense amount of screen time with limited human interactions! Look for opportunities to turn the assignment into a richer exploration!
- When asked to research about a time period, an area in the world, compare and contrast articles, etc, invite your child(ren) to creatively teach you about what they learn as well as seek out other ingenious techniques for them to show learning through cooking, art, singing, dramatic interpretations, or anything active!
- Social interactions with peers is equally or more imperative than any assignment your child receives! Zoom.com offers free 40 minute slots, and your child(ren) can hold Zoom sessions with peers to teach them, too.
- Instead of having your child on the screen for endless amounts of time, return to the art of writing! Once completed, your child can take a photo of their amazingly neat and well crafted work, upload the photo to whichever site your school uses for assignments, and close the world of technology until the next day.
3. Flexibility produces resilience, resilience produces adaptability, adaptability produces a gooey brain ready for anything that comes one’s way! We hear on the regular how having a “growth mindset” allows the unknown to occur, inviting new ways of thinking or exploring the world with different lenses. However, how do we actually find these “new” lenses and more, how do you ensure the new lenses stay in place during such uncharted times? Life is full of unknowns, and as both an educator and life long learner, I have the power to choose how I approach my learning AND my teaching!
Your child is the captain of their learning!
By handing over the reins to your child, they will quickly learn that flexibility opens a myriad of doors for communication, self-discovery, and ownership in accomplishing their given tasks. Your child(ren) will organically learn how resilient they are by navigating assignments, honing in on concepts that are accessible when presented with new information and “not yet” learned skills. Best, in a calm state, your child(ren) will be able to adapt to their teacher’s availability. Adaptation will help your child prioritize the given workload, check-in with their own self about when support is truly needed or wanted, and will help each person celebrate their ability to acknowledge how and when to STOP, BREATHE, AND TAKE A BREAK! We are all programmed to GO! And now, we are inviting an opportunity for our gooey brain to welcome new ways of learning, exploring, and discovering how previously learned materials can in fact support unfamiliar areas!
4. PLAY, RUN, LAUGH! Learning and discovery happens everywhere, especially when we step out of our rigidity and into the foreign fields! Instead of using standard measurements to make your favorite cookies, have your child figure out equivalencies and bake away! Turn up the music and have dance parties! Rewrite the directions to your favorite board game! Pull out the “mad-libs” and tell funny stories! Creating and maintaining a sense of lightness feeds our soul!
5. Remember, all of this is temporary! If you need additional ideas to support your child and you during these uncertain times, reach out!
We are a community that CAN AND WILL RISE TOGETHER! | <urn:uuid:ad9d069a-029e-4ff0-b44f-94632b1e3e84> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://newyorkschooltalk.org/2020/03/dear-parents-you-are-rock-stars/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.945345 | 1,250 | 1.648438 | 2 |
BIG BEND, Texas (KXAN) — A trail in Big Bend National Park is closed to the public because of increased bear activity.
The Window Trail in the Chisos Basin closed Thursday until further notice. The emergency closure is due to significantly increased bear activity in the narrow trail corridor, according to an alert sent out by the park.
There are signs posted at the upper and lower Window Trail trailheads, alerting visitors of the closures. Entering the closed area would be a violation of the Code of Federal Regulations.
“National Park biologists are monitoring the bear activity and we will open the trail as soon as the bear activity in this area declines to normal levels,” Big Bend Superintendent Bob Krumenaker said. “Our goal is to protect both the bears and park visitors. It’s their home – we’re the guests.”
Mexican Black Bears are common in the park as they’ve re-established themselves in Big Bend since the mid-1980s through migrations from Mexico.
If you see a bear, do not approach or let it approach you. Park officials say to back away slowly and not run away. People are advised to increase the distance between themselves and the bear. Read more on bear safety on Big Bend’s website. | <urn:uuid:13328807-8468-4542-9bf3-998740e36b9e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kxan.com/news/texas/big-bend-trail-closed-due-to-increased-bear-activity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.967818 | 271 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Instead of stressing about having our lives planned in time for the beginning of the new year, we’re going to go ahead and call January a “transition month”. Some people like to have the next 12 months coordinated to a tee, others take time to thoughtfully schedule their weeks, and some simply welcome a brand new 365 days with restorative yoga and a mug of hot chocolate. We’d like to say we’re somewhere in between, (or try to be).
Resolution perfectionism is real. Yes, pledging to live a healthier lifestyle or giving up a negative habit can have a positive effect on your lifestyle in the long term, but attempting to execute a plan of attack can create more stress in addition to making the change. In fact, the third through eighth week after a change can be the most stressful, as motivation wanes and self-doubt arises.
With that in mind, let’s make the passage into 2020 as smooth as it’s ever been and welcome it with ease instead of nail-biting tension. Whatever path you take this month, know that your energy is always shifting and that the universe is guiding you to what is truly meant for you. Keep reading to discover three effortless rituals that will restore your body, rejuvenate your soul, and help you be kinder to yourself.
- Lemon water and light movements: As soon as you wake in the morning, drink a glass of warm water with lemon to get your system going. Then take five to 10 minutes to do some light stretching. Touch your toes, do a sun salutation, or jump up and down. Move in whatever way feels right for your body. Try doing all of this before you check your phone or turn on any lights.
- Go outside: Walk to work, go for a jaunt around the block on your lunch break, or take the dog for a stroll midday. Spend some time away from all the electronic frequencies filling your office space, breathe in the fresh air, and soak up all the Vitamin D you can.
- Meditate and sleep: Take five minutes before bed to think about all the good things that happened during your day. Next, take 20 slow and steady breaths to bring your body into a state of relaxation, assisting you in the transition to sleep mode.
Last modified: January 15, 2020 | <urn:uuid:3d7b24ed-fb96-4685-afb9-97e7a9f93df1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://style.ca/how-to-beat-your-resolution-perfectionism-2020/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.949264 | 485 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Borrowed Future - Episode 1 - 47:12
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The student loan crisis is impacting you, your friends, your kids and our economy. College is more expensive than ever and you’re being told, “Student loans are good debt,” “You can’t go to college without debt,” and, “It will be worth it.”
These lies have duped the average college student into taking out $35,000 in student loans.1
In episode 1 of Borrowed Future—a Ramsey Network podcast series investigating the student loan debt crisis—you’ll hear from Dave Ramsey, Anthony ONeal, Rachel Cruze, Michael Torpey, Seth Frotman and others on the reality of the student loan debt crisis. You’ll also hear from real people burdened by the stress that goes along with huge monthly payments and a mountain of debt.
How Much Students Are Really Paying
We interviewed people from all points of the student loan spectrum. Some graduated with federal loans, some graduated with private loans, and some didn’t graduate at all. Here are the numbers that represent their stories:
- $54,000 in college loans without a degree to show for it
- $62,000 in debt only to make $19,000 a year
- $121,000 for a master’s degree to work as an administrator
- $175,000 in private student loans and federal student loans combined
- Over $600,000 in student loan debt
More than 45 million Americans have student loan debt, and the burden is keeping many of them from moving forward with their lives.2 The average student graduates with $35,000 in student loan debt with an average monthly payment of $393.3, 4
Ready to get rid of your student loans once and for all? Get our guide.
If this sounds normal to you, it is.
Student loan debt has become a part of culture. It's woven into society, and it's just accepted as a normal part of life. But it's negatively affecting real people and the economy. And now, it's a crisis that's drawing national attention. While everyone doesn’t fully understand the true impact that this debt is having, people are starting to see that it has life-altering consequences.
Student Loans Are Leaving People Paralyzed, Terrified and Overwhelmed
Every single year, another million student borrowers default on their debt.5 The student loan crisis is getting out of control.
“Every day, I talk to someone who's got $100,000 or $200,000 or $250,000 in student loan debt,” says financial expert and nationally syndicated radio host Dave Ramsey. “100% of these people are completely emotionally overwhelmed. They're paralyzed. They're terrified. They do not know what to do.”
Dave continues, “They were led down this path by a set of values put on them by a series of guidance counselors and parents who weren't thinking, educators who were out of control, and a congress who continues this ridiculous student loan debacle. And here they sit, trapped. And they don’t know what to do.”
Dave paints the bigger picture of what this means for them: “Who they were supposed to become—they can't [become that]. Because they're walking around with this 400-pound ball over their head, and they're trying to balance that and live a life.”
“What No One Ever Told Me About Student Loans”
So why is anyone signing up voluntarily to carry around the 400-pound ball? And how did no one notice until now?
Author of the book Debt-Free Degree, Anthony ONeal, has firsthand experience trying to balance the burden of student loans. Now, he's devoted his life to helping young people make better decisions, especially when it comes to money. He doesn’t want young people to make the same mistakes he did.
When telling Borrowed Future about the first time someone at his high school mentioned college, Anthony says he felt like he was already behind: “I'm tripping, because my parents haven't told me anything, my counselors haven't told me anything, my friends haven't told me anything. And I'm like, ‘What the heck do I do? Do I go off to college? If I do go off to college, how do I go off to college?’”
When Anthony approached his school counselor about the situation, his counselor told him his grades weren’t good enough to qualify for scholarships. “But there's also student loans,” she said.
What he didn't know is that student loans would send him down a road that would take years to clean up. Student loans are a problem, impacting Anthony, you, our kids and our nation.
“I go home,” Anthony says, “And my parents are like, ‘Yo, we have the GI Bill, and anything above the GI Bill . . . we'll just take out some loans.’
“That was the thought that myself, my counselor and my parents had: If you do not get a scholarship, or you do not cover it all with the GI Bill, we'll just take out some loans. We'll just go talk to Sally Mae and ask Sally Mae, ‘Can I borrow some money?’ And we already know her answer. It was going to be yes.”
Anthony did end up getting a scholarship from the National Forensics League. Combined with his father’s GI Bill, he actually was able to cover the cost of all his classes that first semester. In fact, he’s so passionate about scholarships, that he created one of the biggest, best and easiest scholarship search tools that exists: the Debt-Free Degree Scholarship Search.
“When I had it all paid for, I still did a dumb thing,” he admits. “I still borrowed money to go after the lifestyle, to get the clothes, to get the car, to buy the roses, to go to McDonald's. I borrowed money just for the freaking lifestyle."
“I still borrowed money to go after the lifestyle, to get the clothes, to get the car, to buy the roses, to go to McDonald's. I borrowed money just for the freaking lifestyle."
“And studies are showing that a lot of students' college is paid for, but they're still borrowing money to live. Live off of what? You're borrowing money, and you're paying back so much! But no one ever told me that. No one ever said, ‘You're robbing from your future, Anthony, if you take out student loans.’ It was normal. So, I said, ‘I'm going to be normal, and I'm going to join them.’”
When students start borrowing massive amounts of money as a teenager, it sets them on a path that just spirals into more and more debt.
Anthony says, “Not only did I take out $10,000 in student loans, but I also took out $15,000 in credit card debt. I also borrowed $10,000 to get some furniture debt. Before I even turned 19, I'm $35,000 in debt, and I wake up like, What in the heck is going on? No one told me!
“What woke me up—because I did not have a plan—was me being homeless at the age of 19,” he admits. “I'm sleeping in the back of my car because I didn't take every one decision that I made seriously, and I never took the time to write out the vision for my life, write out the plan for my life. I just followed what everyone called normal.
“Normal is trying to finance things that I really could not afford at all. Normal is trying to impress my friends and go to the same school that my friends were going to. That normal ended with me in the back of the car.
“It's normal to have $35,000 in student loan debt. It's normal to have about $15,000 in credit card debt, it's normal to spend about $20–30,000 on a wedding and financing a wedding. That's normal? I was tired of being normal. I was ready to be different. And being different means we don't have to be normal to be successful. We should not be financing things. We should not be in debt.”
Is Student Loan Debt “Good” Debt?
A recent Ramsey Research study of consumer debt shows that four out of 10 people don't even think student loans are debt. So that begs the question, what exactly is debt? Here’s what debt is:
Debt is owing anything to anyone for any reason.
So, if you borrow money for a student loan, that is debt. You have to pay it back. And if you're making payments on your college loans—that money can't be spent on something else, like rent, gas, food or retirement savings. That's bad for you and the economy.
Anthony is not the only one who thinks debt is bad. There's a guy out there who has been yelling about this on a street corner for almost 30 years. And that street corner happens to be the third largest talk radio show in the United States: The Ramsey Show.
“To go and spend money that you don't have to maybe graduate is absolutely ludicrous,” Dave preaches. He’s helped millions of people crawl out of debt and build wealth. Needless to say, he's got a strong opinion when it comes to student loan debt.
“Student loans are often said by people to be ‘good debt,’ which is laughable. Is education a good thing? Yes. Is it worth investing in? Yes, in a proper setting, with proper analysis as to what kind of a degree you're going to get, and is it applicable in the field.
“But when I took my kids to college, who graduated a decade ago, we went to a four-year state school and in the orientation, the lady says, ‘We have a high graduation rate: 58%.’ Which is above the national average, by the way.”
Dave breaks it down this way: “Now, if I got a 58 on a test, they would have given me an F. But they're calling themselves big dogs because they got a 58% graduation rate. Translation: 42% did not graduate. So, everyone that takes out a student loan, four out of 10 times, does not get a degree.
“So, this idea that you're automatically going to get a return on investment assumes you've completed a degree in a field that will pay you more than you would have made had you not gone to school. And it assumes you freaking graduate. So, it's a stupid set of assumptions to get us to the point that this is ‘good debt.’”
So, it's a stupid set of assumptions to get us to the point that this is ‘good debt.’
Along with Dave, there are lots of other experts who say you should stay away from this "good debt." One of those people is Seth Frotman. He is the executive director of the Student Borrow and Protection Center in Washington, D.C. He is also the former ombudsman at the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, a government agency designed to protect students. Put in a much cooler way, NPR called him: the student loan watchdog.
“So there are these misperceptions that student loan debt is ‘good debt,’” Seth says. “Or there is something about the fact that the word student appears before the word loan that makes people think that this is somehow different. This was just another form of consumer debt that we were in charge of overseeing.
“And unfortunately, with the dramatic rise of student loan debts, we've now added, essentially, $1 trillion of student loan debt overnight. [There are] predatory players who view the student loan crisis as their chance to make a quick buck.”6
Seth explains: “So you have private student lenders, student loan servicers, debt collectors, private equity companies, even social media companies, who are looking at the student debt market and creating a business model that is essentially premised on ripping off students.
Seth calls us all out for burying our heads in the sand and calling it “good debt.” He says these lenders do not have the best interest of students in mind, “Because every piece of history we have to show is that that is not the case.”
The Logic That Led to the Student Loan Crisis
If student loans are ripping off and hurting students, why is anyone taking them out? What's going on in students' minds? We went to a local college prep high school to find out. These students are very smart—just maybe not when it comes to money.
Their knowledge ranged from having never even heard of FAFSA to believing they could pay off a $40,000 student loan in “a year or two.”
Here’s the transcript from one of our interviews:
Borrowed Future: Do you know where you want to go to school yet?
Student: Columbia University.
Borrowed Future: Very expensive school.
Student: We could work it out with financial aid and stuff.
Borrowed Future: So, I'm looking at the tuition for Columbia University. Do you know how much it costs to go there?
Student: A lot. Like $60,000 a year?
Borrowed Future: You nailed it.
Borrowed Future: And so, have your parents talked to you about this? Did you have a conversation when they're going, “Hey, we can't afford to send you to a $60,000-a-year school.”
Student: We haven't had that conversation. They never said I can't go because of financial reasons.
Borrowed Future: Would you take student loans out to go to Columbia?
Student: I would if I felt like it was really, really something I feel like would benefit me in the long run. I feel like it's a great option for me.
Borrowed Future: Okay, so you'd be willing to take out student loans to go there.
Borrowed Future: If you were like, I got in, I'm real excited. This is going to be worth it.
Student: This is it.
Borrowed Future: Yeah, what makes it worth it?
Student: I think it would be worth it if I got in and they told me that they could offer me a scholarship, and they could make this work for me. Then I'd be like, Okay, well, I'll do it on my end if you'll help me out on yours.
Borrowed Future: Okay.
Student: Because I feel like it is our education—it is also our responsibility to do something for it. We have to work for it a little bit.
These kids have high hopes for their futures. But we also interviewed a teacher who interacts with these students every day.
“They're not thinking much past what they're going to do with their money this weekend,” says Jerry, a personal finance teacher. “They're going paycheck to paycheck, for the ones that have jobs or allowance or wherever they're getting their money from. But that's the biggest challenge, I guess. It’s because they're not thinking much past what they're going to do with their money this weekend.”
By talking to thousands of students in schools across the country every year, Anthony understands a teenager's mindset too.
“One of the biggest things that I see with this generation is they do not have a plan,” says Anthony. “I believe that's why we have a generation of students . . . who just walk into a college experience and just quickly sign the student loan paper because they didn't have a plan. They didn't have a direction. They didn't have a vision. And then, they wake up four or five years later, and they're drowning in $35,000, $100,000, $200,000 in student loan debt.”
Part of Anthony’s role in fighting the student loan crisis is creating a series of tools to help students go to school debt-free. His Debt-Free Degree College Calculator, for example, asks a few simple questions to show parents and students exactly what dollar amount they need to plan for.
Anthony doesn’t believe college loans are ever worth it. “I met a 62-year-old woman. She's paying off her student loans next month. She's been paying on them for 40 years. But wouldn’t you rather take six years of hard work, of sweating, of missing nice evenings with friends, and going on vacations so you can enjoy the next 40?”
Debt Doesn’t Get You Ahead—It Keeps You Behind
Sometimes, our expectations of what we think life will look like don't match up to reality. Seth Frotman dealt with that reality every day at the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
Seth shares that his team really did want to help students, but it felt like they were fighting a losing battle: “We saw people over and over again because of their student debt . . . the only thing they did was everything that they were supposed to do, which was take on debt to get their degree. And the number one thing we heard was, ‘How has this happened to me when I did everything right?’”
Anthony O'Neal has seen that play out time and time again. People who did everything right when it came to their future—they took on debt to get the degree, to get ahead, but all it left them was behind.
Anthony explains, “Just the other day, I had the opportunity to speak at a HBCU—Historic Black College or University—to all of their incoming freshmen. They had about 1,500 freshmen who were starting their new journey.
“A young lady came up to me who is graduating this year, her senior year, and she says, ‘Anthony, because I came here out of state, I'm graduating with about $180,000 in student loan debt.’ She said, ‘I'm going to be a teacher, and I'm going to make maybe $40,000 a year.’ And I looked at her face, and she was like, ‘What do I do?’”
That’s what breaks Anthony’s heart. “And I couldn't be like, ‘Yo, you should not have even come here,’ because she's already at the end of it. And I felt so bad for her because [she’ll be] making $40,000 a year, and she's nearly $200,000 in debt before she even graduates.
“I told her, ‘Hey, you're going to have to get aggressive. You're going to have to get a second job. You have to get very creative in these next four to five years. You are really going to have to push yourself hard. You may have to go home to bounce back and to really start figuring out some things. But do not let this debt slow you down from really going after your dream as far as being the best schoolteacher and really impacting our kids. It's there, and I am so sorry that it is there.’ I am so sorry that I wasn't even there to help her and give her guidance before she even started.
“I don't want to talk to kids like her, in her senior year of graduating, 20 years old, and she's like ‘What do I do?’ My heart breaks for these young kids who signed a piece of paper, knowing that it was a loan, but did not know exactly what they were signing. They didn’t know that there were other options, that there were better options to going to college. Student loans are not an option. At all.”
The Shocking Reality of Student Loan Interest
Everyone starts with good intentions to go to college and graduate. And loans feel like an easy way to make that possible.
What can start as a small loan can grow and grow. One woman we talked to named Terri shared her struggle. She did everything the right way. She had scholarships, grants, and worked two jobs while going to school full time. But during her junior year, things changed when her options ran out. Here is what she had to say:
“I was at my third year of college, and they had cut off all of my grants, and so I had no financial aid to be able to pay for it. I was already working two jobs at that point, going to school full time, so they offered me the student loans.
“I was told that's the only way I would be able to stay in college. And since I had no money, I was like, ‘Okay.’
“When the lady was telling me about the student loans, it made it sound like it was very simple, ‘You know, you don't have to pay it back until six months after you graduate. The interest doesn't accrue until six months, so by then, you should have a job to be able to pay it.’ So, it sounded like a feasible solution to my dilemma.
“So I went ahead and took the $5,000, which covered my tuition and my books. So, that started the cycle of debt in regards to education. My balance when I graduated, finally, was $15,000. It is now $60,000 and growing [because of interest]. And that's while I've been making payments on it.”
In case you missed it, her $15,000 student loan grew $45,000 in interest while she was paying it down! That’s a tough pill to swallow. Perhaps saddest of all is that Terry says she had absolutely no idea that would happen when she took out the loans.
No one thinks of the worst case scenario when they take out student loans, and Anthony is no exception.
“Do not do what I did,” he warns. “I did not have a plan but went to school. Six months in school, I'm drowning in debt, and I'm homeless, because I did not have a plan. Two years later, I'm in default with my student loans.”
Both Terri and Anthony’s stories are “normal,” because student loan debt is normal. And this is what happens when people decide to be normal. There's a lot of normal people out there—more than 45 million of them—carrying student loan debt.7
Swimming against the current in a sea of normal is Rachel Cruze. She's a financial expert, bestselling author, and host of The Rachel Cruze Show—a show focused on making money fun and creating a life you love.
“Student loan debt has become so normalized in our culture,” Rachel says, “Because everyone is taking out loans. And we have believed this lie that you can't be a student without a student loan.
“And you look over just a simple bar graph of what student loan debt has done over the decades, and [you see] the price of tuition has increased because students can borrow however much money they want, and go to college wherever they want.
“There's no competition in this area of life, and so they keep raising prices. And the Federal government—they keep loaning out money to these students. And so, because of that, it's the easier path to sign your name to a dotted line, and you get the repercussions four and a half years later.
“You are starting out your life in the hole. You are starting out your life, on average, $36,000 in the hole.8 So when those bills start to come, your options are limited. Meaning, you have to go get whatever job you can to start paying these bills.
“Man, what a better picture of freedom, if you didn't have these bills that you absolutely had to pay back, and you actually had the time and the resources to say, ‘Hey, I'm going to take my time and figure out what do I really want to do.’”
Rachel advocates for making a different choice from the get-go—that you have to go against the norm to win with money. She says, “Doing the hard work and being diligent and saying, ‘Okay, you know what? I want to focus on doing what I can to go to school completely debt-free.’ That is weird in our culture.
“It's a financial hole that can be avoided completely if you made some different choices and decisions. And the hard thing is, these students, they're not dumb! They're not unintelligent human beings. No! A lot of them are very smart. They've just been told the wrong information.”
Is It Possible to Go to College Without Student Loans?
Anthony ONeal has a firm answer to this question: "Can you go to college debt-free? Yes! Is it going to be easy? No!”
Anthony says if everything was easy—starting a business or becoming a millionaire, for example—everyone would be doing it. He says, “Only the successful ones, only the ones who are willing to work, have integrity, have character, and do whatever it takes to become successful are the ones who are actually successful. Successful people do what unsuccessful people are not willing to do.
“Then let me say this,” Anthony adds, “It's not about a privilege thing. It's not about a race thing. It's about people who work. If you put in the work, you'll get the results. If you want to be lazy, if you just want to have an easy route—yeah, go sign student loan papers and be in debt and bonded for the rest of your life.
“Avoid the stupid mistake that I made of borrowing money to go to college, even when I didn’t need it. No one gave me another route, like, ‘Hey, Anthony, maybe going off to community college is the best route for you. Or maybe checking out a trade school is the best route for you. Maybe starting off this way is the best route.’
“People may look at you, and they may laugh at you. They may question you. They may even doubt if you're ever going to get through, but you have to be so passionate that no matter what, you are not going to give up. You're not going to borrow one dime to go to school, even if it means you've got to move a little bit slower.”
He goes on, “There's currently $1.5 trillion in student loan debt. You're not going to be in that. You're going to graduate college. You're going to walk into your future, not a part of the stat, but you're starting a new stat. What's the new stat?”
Anthony O'Neal wants to get rid of the sad student loan statistics. He has a path for how you and your kids can avoid student loans and graduate debt-free. In his new book, Debt-Free Degree, he teaches parents how to help their kids pay for college without debt, even if they haven’t saved for it. This is a step-by-step plan that combines common sense and honest humor.
Debt-Free Degree doesn’t just tell you what to do. It also tells you why to do it, how to do it, and when to do it.
Tune in to Borrowed Future next week to hear the biggest myths about student loans and the reality about student loan forgiveness that politicians won’t tell you. | <urn:uuid:b1d8b71e-94b3-4525-b7f8-6732f58b44d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ramseysolutions.com/debt/what-no-one-told-you-about-student-loans?atid=davesays | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.984983 | 5,964 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Just compare the the new observations with the ones stored in memory. Take the most similar one and use its label. What is wrong with that? It is simple, intuitive, implementation is straightforward (everybody will get the same result), there is no training involved and it has asymptotically a very nice guaranteed performance, the Cover and Hart bound.
The nearest neighbor (NN) rule is perhaps the oldest classification rule, much older than Fisher’s LDA (1936), which is according to many is the natural standard. Marcello Pelillo dates it back to Alhazen (965 – 1040), which is not fully accurate as Alhazen described template matching as he had no way to store the observed past, see a previous post. Anyway, it has a long history, has interesting properties, but it is not very popular in machine learning studies. Moreover, iIt was neglected for a long time in the neural network community. Why is that?
Is it that researchers judge its most remarkable feature, no training, as a drawback? May be, may be not, but for sure, this property positions the rule outside many studies. It is very common in machine learning to describe statistical learning in terms of an optimization problem. This implies the postulation of a criterion and a way to minimize it. Some rules are directly defined in this way, e.g. the support vector classifier. Other rules can be reformulated as such. However, the NN rule is not based on a criterion and there is no optimization. It directly relies on the data and a given distance measure.
One way to judge classifiers is by their complexity. Intuitively this can be understood as the flexibility of shaping the classifier in the vector space during the above optimization procedure. Complexity should be in line with the size of the dataset to avoid overtraining. The VC complexity of the NN rule, however, is infinite. According to the statistical learning theory this is very dangerous. It will result in a zero-error empirical error (on the training set), by which here is the danger of an almost random result in classifying test sets. We are warned: do not use such rules. And yes, artificial examples can be constructed that shows this for the NN rule.
On the left, a 2D scatter plot of almost separable classes for which the NN rule performs badly. The distances of nearest neighbors of different classes are similar to those of the same class. There exists, however, a linear classifier that separates the classes well. The scatter plot on the right shows classes for which the NN rule performs reasonably well. For this case advanced classifiers like a neural network or a non-linear support vector classifier are needed to obtain a similar result..
Here is a key point. High complexity classifiers are dangerous as they can adjust the decision boundary in a very flexible way that adapts to the given training set, but does not generalize. This also holds for the NN rule. However, the performance of that rule can very be easily estimated by a leave-one-out cross-validation. As there is no training needed it is as fast as computing the apparent error (which will be zero) . On the other hand, estimating the leave-one-out error for other high-complexity classifiers can be computationally very expensive as retraining is needed. Moreover, the estimated performance should ideally be included in the training procedure, which is prohibitive. Consequently, the danger that comes with a high complexity is not present for the NN rule. It can be safely applied after judging the leave-one-out error.
It might be argued that the NN rule does not perform a proper generalization, as it just stores the data. The generalization is in the given distance measure. This might be true, but almost all classifiers depend in one way or the other on a given distance measure. Next, the size of the storage might be criticized. Accepted, but some neural networks store a comparable collection of weights and need considerable training.
Again, why is the NN rule so good in spite of its high complexity? There is the following evolutionary argument. Problems for which nearest neighbors have different labels will not be considered. They are directly neglected as wrongly formulated or too difficult. Recognition problems arise in a human context, in scientific research or in applications in which human decision making has to be supported. Thereby, they can directly, after looking at a few examples, be considered as too difficult. They will be put aside and the effort will be focused into another direction.
The NN neighbor rule is good as it reflects human decision making because it is based only a distance measure designed or accepted by the analyst. Secondly, and most prominently, because no training is needed just problems will survive for further investigation in which this rule shows a promising result. In short, the NN rule is good because it matches the problems of interest and vice versa. | <urn:uuid:de6de9c7-15bf-421c-acd2-9f0725282b14> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://37steps.com/4810/nn-rule/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.965351 | 1,024 | 2.828125 | 3 |
History 09/01/20 Park on the bones: what did Stalin in the place of the Fraternal cemetery of heroes of the war
the First world war the Bolsheviks was referred to as “imperialist”. Evidence of the very dismissive attitude of the Soviet authorities to the soldiers who defended the Fatherland in 1914-1918, was the destruction in Moscow Brotherly cemetery of war heroes, which was located near the current metro station “Sokol”.
the Necropolis for heroes
beginning in 1914, the war between the allies and the fourth creature Union was much more bloody than originally hoped the warring parties. When Russia began to come EN masse “funerals” from the front, the idea arose to arrange a common cemetery for soldiers “died in the Holy war”. With the corresponding proposal to the Moscow city Council asked the sister of the Empress, the Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna. A special Commission, having considered the matter, determined under the cemetery garden in the village of all saints, redeemed from “the wife of the Colonel of Anna Nikolaevna Golubitskaya”. The transaction in the amount of 271 thousand rubles were funded thanks to private donations. The land was located near Sergiev Elisabeth refuge for crippled warriors, curated by Elizabeth Feodorovna.
the cemetery was originally conceived not only as a perfectly equipped place of burial, but also as a national “monument to the great event” – here was placed the Museum of the First world (which was not implemented). The first burial at the cemetery took place in February 1915. By 1919 there rested 581 officer (including 13 generals) and 17.5 thousand lower ranks. In the Brethren cemetery were buried not only the military but also of the Moscow sisters of mercy to provide aid to the wounded in hospitals and on the front.
“the Cemetery people-birds”
One of the most notable was the area of the Fraternal cemetery, where they buried the military pilots. Attending “cemetery people-birds” after the revolution, the writer Sergei Arefin described it as “cozy, quiet and peaceful” place.
“the oldest of aviators at the time of death was 38 years old. Most 23-25-27 years. There are young – 18-19 years old. Only two or three inscriptions say the usual “died”. Most “died”, “killed in battle”, “killed in aerial combat”, “crashed during flight,” said Arefin.
In the design of the monuments was used wings, motors and other parts of aircraft and spacecraft. There were, for example, a “Mall prop”. The dead pilots were brought here after the war. For example, in 1923, was buried here, the famous pilot Boris velling, member of the first Soviet long-distance flights.
the Destruction and restoration of the cemetery
the Last funeral at the cemetery took place in 1925. And after 7 years, the authorities decided to erase him from the face of the earth – according to historians, the instruction was given to Stalin personally. Bones in the earth remained intact, but the graves, they were leveled, and on top of them paved alleys. The Bolsheviks did not spare even their “own” – buried in the necropolis of the red army. The only thing that bothered Muscovites vacationing in the picturesque place of Leningrad Park – surviving a granite gravestone, which was installed on the grave of the St. George cross of Sergei Schlichter. He was killed in Belarus in the summer of 1915. According to legend, father Schlichter literally own Breasts to protect the burial. According to another version, the tombstone was just too heavy and strong for dismantling. Grave Schlichter subsequently allowed the researchers to establish the exact location of all other burials listed on the plan of the cemetery.
part of the cemetery in Soviet times housed a vegetable market, a dump and a Playground for dogs. And after the great Patriotic war, its suburbs began to be built up with houses. The question of the revival cemetery was supplied by the capital community for the laste the collapse of the USSR. In 2004, this place was converted into a memorial Park complex of heroes of the First world war. In memory of the fallen defenders of the Fatherland, a chapel was built and adorned with several monuments.
© Russian Seven
see also: editor’s choice, “Russian Seven”what the KGB agreed with the thieves before the Olympics in Москве5 uprisings of 1961 in the USSR: their sprovotsyrovala “frost” has entered the list of 100 worst movies historyitem actually hurt Greta Thunberg suggested articles to Share: Comments Comments on the article “the Park on the bones: what did Stalin in the place of the Fraternal cemetery of heroes of the war” Please log in to leave a comment! br>
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Port Orange Florida East Coast Railway Freight Depot
Florida East Coast Railway Freight Depot Port 1 Orange FL
The Port Orange Florida East Coast Railway Freight Depot (also known as the Central Pump & Supply Company) is a historic Florida East Coast Railway freight depot in Port Orange, Florida, United States. It is located at 415C Herbert Street, off U.S. 1.
The station was originally built in 1894, and was used as a flag stop as late as 1955. In 1966, it was relocated 500 feet north of its original location. On February 5, 1998, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, NRIS #98000057.
Taylor, George Lansing, Jr.; Lance Taylor; Photographers -- Florida --Jacksonville; Photograph collections -- Florida -- Jacksonville; Florida East Coast Railway Freight Depot; Florida East Coast Railway; Freight Depot; Central Pump & Supply Company; Volusia County (Fl.); Railway depot --- Florida --- Port Orange --- Volusia County. | <urn:uuid:7ec9794f-a380-4d12-8553-13dfccb13729> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/historical_architecture_main/6041/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.924132 | 274 | 1.632813 | 2 |
There is a growing trend around the nation that is quickly gaining momentum, organic and natural products are in high demand. Consumers are paying more attention to their health than ever before. Product labels are becoming a new selling point, people are looking to see if there are chemical additives, food coloring, and trans fats in processed foods. Non-GMO foods are also preferred by most of the American population. The tide is turning to where healthy foods are becoming the norm. Retail stores and restaurants must stay on top of the trend by including organic and natural foods for sale.
Companies, restaurants, or stores that are looking into regular organic bread distribution should consider the increase in organic products an investment in their product image. The more organic items available for sale give off a more modern, hip vibe bringing in a new customer base. In past years bread sales have declined. This has driven bread companies to have to rethink their business plan. The natural and organic boom has brought a large amount of creativity and variety to the selection of products available.
Less Refined Sugar, More Alternative Sweeteners
Consumers aren’t swearing off sugar, but they are reducing their consumption. Honey, molasses, maple syrup, stevia, and sucralose are the most commonly used natural sweeteners in baking outside of traditional sugar products.
High Protein/Low Carb Selections
Part of healthy living includes having enough nutrients. For several years now, the focus has been on increasing protein intake and decreasing carbohydrate intake. …5 Trends in Organic Bakery Products READ MORE | <urn:uuid:9e6e3cb8-1545-4759-92f8-5734b3b1472e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mooncakecosplay.com/tag/organic-bakery | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.95941 | 312 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Editor’s note: According to Volunteer Canada, International Volunteer Day takes place every year on Dec. 5 to shine a light on the impact of volunteer efforts everywhere. The Chronicle is proud to tell the story of community volunteers.
From a club at Ontario Tech University (OTU) to a community organization, Black Physicians of Tomorrow (BPT) is providing opportunities in the health and medicine fields by tutoring and supporting black youth in the community.
One of BPT’s founders, Phillippa Beaden, 28, was a nursing student attending OTU in 2012 and recalls rarely seeing a Black doctor in a hospital during her school placements or on the job.
This prompted Beaden and other Black and Afro-Caribbean students who studied healthcare at OTU and Durham College to start BPT in 2015.
One of their first events was getting Black students in health-related programs and Black medical professionals together to learn how to get into the profession. Through BPT’s events, about 15 students were able to build resources and connections within the field.
“There’s lack of representation across the board in Canada for Black healthcare professionals, especially in Durham,” says Michelle De Lyon, 34, who joined BPT at its beginning stages while attending Durham College (DC) in 2015. De Lyon arrived at DC with a degree in Psychology and Sociology.
“I was just very interested in the medical profession, just anything that can help, like me and my people, get ahead.”
De Lyon says as a minority she didn’t receive support while trying to get into the healthcare field. She says her high school teacher doubted her abilities to become a doctor.
“I didn’t fully pursue [a career in psychology] because life came in the way, but I’m really happy that I’ll be a part of helping other students become doctors or medical professionals,” says De Lyon. “I think that’s just like what’s going to change the world little by little.”
BPT became a community-based organization after successfully obtaining the Youth Opportunities grant through the Ontario government to run a tutoring and mentorship program for high school students in the Ajax/Pickering area in 2017.
De Lyon says there was an idea to create an app or an online platform for Black students to connect with medical professionals as mentors, similar to what they did in school, and has built those opportunities with BPT’s tutoring service, STEMWORKS.
STEMWORKS focuses on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
“[We have] high school students from Grades 7-12, providing homework assignments or if they need to review something, it can be science, English, [or] math,” says Beaden.
BPT aligns four to 20 of its students with one of its 15 tutors to give them the support to pursue their goals by providing guidance.
“[Students who attend BPT] are there and they are willing and eager to learn whatever it is that they came with and that the parents are also following them,” says Beaden.
Judith Serguson-Anderson is one of those parents.
Her son is a Grade 10 student who enjoyed most aspects of the tutoring sessions with math and science and sees an improvement with his studies in school.
“I just like the idea of having persons who you can culturally relate to,” says Serguson-Anderson.
“The program was not just only academia, they had social life skills aspects that were included.”
BPT helps students with skills like finances and relations with family and friends because “that also impacts the academic journey,” says Beaden.
“We want to give them that to build a whole person that’s not just book smart but street smart, and how they can navigate their lives better.”
When COVID-19 came, the in-person sessions ended temporarily.
“[We were] hoping to go back in person, but we recognize that the challenge still exists,” says De Lyon.
“Now that we’ve moved to this online platform, we can service even other students from other areas because of what we’ve set up.”
BPT is teaching students online, just like school boards, explains De Lyon.
“And I think we do encounter the same challenges as everybody else.”
De Lyon says none of BPT’s students are beyond Grade 11 at this point, but hopes to see some in university or college soon.
BPT is continuing to find ways to inspire the future of the Black community.
“We wanted to…create a documentary that would be taking all the media and the video we’ve collected to highlight how the struggles that a black student has, that a black person has like trying to pursue this career,” says De Lyon.
“That online platform would be like something that turns into a legacy…where these students can always connect with mentors and students.”
“And it wouldn’t be such a challenge as we experienced,” says De Lyon. | <urn:uuid:44a31a15-a679-481f-a0d1-cd173c4be228> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chronicle.durhamcollege.ca/2020/12/a-volunteers-story-black-professionals-mold-future-black-physicians-and-healthcare-workers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.968887 | 1,104 | 1.992188 | 2 |
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Ballet girls get from $8 to $15 a week; the prompter, $25 to $30; the call-boy, $15; the property man's salary ranges from $15 to $30. Then there are men up in the rigging loft who attend to the flies and the curtain wheel, and various assistants, at salaries of $20 and $10. There are from two to three scene painters at a salary of from $60 to $100. The back door keeper has $10, and two women to clean the theatre every day at $6 each. The orchestra consists of the leader at $100, and from twelve to sixteen musicians, whose salaries range from $30 to $18 a week. The gas man and fireman get $6 to $25 a week; costumer or wardrobe-keeper, $20 to $40; dressers, $5 or $6; ushers, $4 to $6; doorkeepers, $12; policemen, $5; treasurer, $25 to $40. The pay
of “stars" is a very different matter. Usually these ladies and gentlemen play for a share in the receipts at the door; and when they do this, of course their pay is regulated almost wholly by their "drawing" power.
Sometimes, however, the most celebrated actors and actresses in the land have engaged themselves for a fixed salary per week or per night. In the case of very popular players this sum is sometimes almost fabulously large.
The largest salary that has ever been paid to a star in this country is that which was paid to Joseph Jefferson, at Booth's theatre, in August and September, 1869, namely, $500 per night.
Even at this price he proved an immensely profitable star, drawing an average of $1,200 every night throughout the season.
By the “sharing" system stars often reap immense profits. Any popular star who could not make $1,000 a week for his or her own share, at a metropolitan theatre, would feel very much dissatisfied.
I have myself made that sum per week while starring in the West.
POUNDS, SHILLINGS AND PENCE.
A London journal says:
It is curious to mark the difference in the salaries paid to dramatic performers during the last hundred years. If we look into Garrick's theatre, we find the Roscius himself at the head, with a stipend of £2 15s. 6d. per night; Barry and his wife, £3 6s. 8d.; John Palmer and his wife, £2; King, the unrivaled Sir Peter Teazle and Lord Ogleby, £1 6s. 8d.; Parsons, £1 6s. 8d.; Mrs. Pritchard, £2 6s. 8d; Mrs. Cibber, £2 10s.; Miss Pope, 13s. 4d.; and Signor Guestinelli, the principal singer, £1 13s. 4d. Succeeding the days of Garrick came a host of distinguished performers, including Lewis, Quick, Bannister, Munden, Mrs. Jordan, Miss Farren, cum multis aliis, not one of whom ever received "star" salaries. John Kemble, as actor and manager, was content with £55 14s. per week; George Frederick Cooke received £25; and Mrs. Jordan, in her zenith, an average of £31 10s. Drury Lane, in seasons 1812-13, boasted of an excellent company, including John Johnstone, who was retained at £15 per week, and Dowton, who received £16. Convent Garden, at the same period, numbered among its members Emery (whose highest salary during his career was £14 per week), Mathews, Fawcett, Blanchard, Liston and Simmons, and their united receipts from the treasury were less than has since been paid to one actor at a metropolitan minor theatre. Edmund Kean's first engagement at Drury Lane, in 1814, was for three years, ranging from £8 to £10 per week. This was subsequently converted into a contract at £50 per week. Eight years prior to this great change in the fortunes of Kean—in the year 1806— he was playing at the IIaymarket, unnoticed and unknown, his salary at that time being £2 per week. Twenty years later, when wrung in heart and fame, physically and mentally weak, he received at the same house £50 per night. As a contrast to the sums paid during the past century, we may state that at Drury Lane, when under the manage
ment of the late Stephen Price, the nightly salary of Edmund Kean was £60, and that of Madame Vestris and Liston £25 each; whilst Farren received £35 weekly, Jones £35, James Wallack £35, and Harley £30. In 1838, Tyrone Power was receiving £96 weekly, from the Adelphi, and Farren £40 from the Olympic. It was once remarked, in reference to the enormous sums lavished upon “stars,” that the President of America was not so highly paid as Ellen Tree; whilst the Premier of Great Britain had a less salary than Mr. Macready. Madame Malibran was said by the same writer to draw five times as much money as the Colonial Secretary, and Mr. Farren nearly twice as much as the representative of the Home Office.
A story is told of a little thin actor of the name of Hamilton, connected with the theatre in Crow street, Dublin, when under the management of Mr. Barry.
To this performer the chieftain one morning remarked“ Hamilton, you might have thrown a little more spirit into your part last night.” “To be sure I might sir, and could,” replied Hamilton; “but with my salary of forty shillings per week, do you think I ought to act with a bit more spirit or a bit better? Your Mr. Woodward there has a matter of a thousand a year for his acting. Give me half a thousand, and see how I'll act; but for a salary of two pounds a week, Mr. Barry, I cannot afford to give
I you my best acting, and I will not.”
The Noble Army of " Jupes.”—Custom of Laughing at these people.
Rough Treatment by Managers. — A Frightened “Savage.”—Utility People.-Fallen Fortunes.— Ups and Downs of Actors. — Making the Most of One's Opportunities.-Attention to Trifles.-How the Celebrated Comedian Robson made his First Hit. — “Villikins and His Dinah.”—The Story of a Utility Man.-Green Ibid.—The Summons of Death.
When, in the course of theatrical events, it becomes necessary for a manager to represent on his stage the British army or the cohorts of the late Confederacy; when a large quantity of sturdy throats are wanted, to bawl
Long live the King!"or to cry “We will! we will !" or to clamor, “Down with the tyrant!" then doth the stage-manager depute his customary instrument to go into the streets and engage a lot of supernumeraries.
The individual who has this duty to discharge is called the captain of the supernumeraries, and he knows where to find the individuals he wants. It is related of a London functionary of' this sort, that he had an ingenious mode of proceeding in these circumstances. Having sought out an individual in an advanced stage of starvation, he addressed him in some such terms as the following: “Look here, my man, if you want employment I'll let you have it at five bob a week. If you like the job say so, if you don't I can find somebody else who will. Of course six is what the management offers, but I can't be bothering myself for nothing, and as I do you a favor you mustn't grumble at the per centage. Generally the man didn't make any “fuss" about it.
Whether the same custom is in vogue in this country I don't know. But it is beyond doubt that the lot of a supernumerary is far from being an enviable onii
A FRIGHTENED SAVAGE.
It is the custom to laugh at these people, to cover them with contumely, to hail them (from the galleries) with the cry of “Soup! Soup !" and otherwise make their lives miserable.
This is quite unnecessary. The “supe" generally has a hard enough time of it behind the scenes. He mustn't mind being sworn at, or, if need be, shaken. If attentive and industrious, he may gradually rise to a position of adthority, but in nineteen cases out of twenty the man who has begun as a “super” concludes his theatrical experience in the same capacity.
An amusing anecdote, illustrative of the terrible reality of Mr. Forrest's acting, was told me the other day by a veteran actor.
Forrest was playing the character of Metamora at the Holliday Street Theatre, in Baltimore, when he was in the prime of vigorous manhood. As the play developes, five or six ruffians (generally “supers”) are in pursuit of his wife Nahmedkee. Just as the head villain has laid hands on her, the “chief of the Wampanoags ” (Forrest) rushes in, rescues his squaw, and, leveling his musket along the line of the eyes of the six “savages," shouts, “Which of you has lived too long ?”
The fearful earnestness with which this line was given nearly frightened one of the “supes” out of his witsleaving no doubt in the mind of the trembling coward that he was to be dispatched on the spot. With an expression of the utmost terror, he yelled out:
“Not me! not me! the supe with a tin tomahawk!"
Mr. Forrest dropped his piece, and took occasion to embrace his wife during the convulsions of the audience.
It is customary among the careless to confound the “supes” with the “utilities.” But the utility people are a step higher on the ladder. They are, in fact, actors, and though their parts are usually light, they are parts, | <urn:uuid:2a25580a-0c99-4ef9-8007-9077ed0f61ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=Hg41AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA98&vq=%22my+goods+to+feed+the+poor+*+*+*+and+have+not+charity,+it+profiteth+me%22&dq=editions:OXFORD591032688&lr=&output=html_text | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.976231 | 2,227 | 2.125 | 2 |
Alphabet Tracing Workbook – Alphabet tracing sheets are a useful instrument to get your hands on your handwriting so that you can practice handwriting. This 27-page self-comprised package is handy to bring along wherever you go. It will be possible to work on your workplace or perhaps in a car or on the plane from it. These totally free printable alphabet sheets are best for handwriting practice especially.
Alphabet Tracing Workbook have different fun workout routines to support kids with studying how to spell. By operating in any way various ranges, they are going to create phonemic understanding, eyesight-hands co-ordination, and spelling recollection. Functioning at diverse times during the day to complete these activities can help them work on their own personal rate. These are the ideal gifts to give to pupils who want more assist with their homework.
The Alphabet Tracing Workbook involves many different enjoyable activities. By varying the number of letters varying and applied the colouring in the letters, kids are uncovered to new colors, names, sounds, and term concepts. The activities contained in the worksheet energize distinct parts of the child’s mind, leading to improved learning expertise.
A pair of the alphabet tracing worksheet options include a cover letter option as well as an picture-letter solution. Within the include letter option, the page is divided into 4 quadrants, each split up into an alternative shade (azure, reddish colored and discolored green). To have the letters through the different shades shine by way of, use a transparent page guard as well as just a plain white-colored track record. The worksheet then will give you the letters and also the color combos to match up.
On the other hand, you could make the letters on the pictures that happen to be incorporated on the worksheet. Alphabet worksheets with graphics are good for releasing new terms to your kids. Simply use your child’s favorite playthings, or perhaps photographs of stuff that they like checking out. Then colour within the photos to make the very own special worksheets. Alphabet worksheets could also be used for practising reading through and spellings, since they enable you to discover how the letters are noticeable.
Also you can make use of the worksheets to aid your kids find the alphabet and understand basic seems. For example, if you train your youngster how to say the expression ‘dog’ using the worksheet and some free of moisture get rid of table, you can get him to draw the letters from still left to right employing a dried up eliminate marker, then a solid, and then placed the table away. As he attempts this once again, he could have discovered how to say the phrase appropriately. Alphabet tracing is enjoyable and can assist your kids to get yourself a head start in school. So whether you are educating them to compose or read, use dried up remove table and imagine alphabet sheets to assist your children become familiar with a new alphabet. | <urn:uuid:a7c3dc76-f151-401a-a8f9-e3e31f774203> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dottodotnametracing.com/alphabet-tracing-workbook/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.944732 | 607 | 2.703125 | 3 |
It can be easy to pay lip service to librarianship’s core values of diversity, equity, inclusion, and intellectual freedom. But what do those values look like in action? How can we intentionally build our collection, instruction, and programming to ensure that we are enacting these values on a daily basis with our school community—especially when librarian values are under attack?
In this webinar, librarians Meg Boisseau Allison, Erika Long, and Julie Stivers discuss what putting their core values into action looks like in their libraries, as well as usable strategies for embedding diversity, equity, and inclusion into your library practice.
Meg, Erika, and Julie are all contributors to Core Values in School Librarianship, edited by Judi Moreillon. And, for a limited time, you can get a free copy of their book with the purchase of a new subscription to School Library Connection, where you’ll also find discussion questions and activities to help you apply the lessons from Core Values directly to your practice.
Download the Webinar Handout | <urn:uuid:3ff63065-ab00-4fae-8dfe-2dcc4cdcf504> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.abc-clio.com/free/activating-core-values-in-the-library-strategies-for-diversity-equity-and-inclusion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.901002 | 222 | 2.625 | 3 |
The Way It Is
There is a thread you follow. It goes among
things that change. But it doesn’t change.
People wonder what you are pursuing.
You have to explain about the thread.
But it is hard for others to see.
While you hold it you can’t get lost.
Tragedies happen; people get hurt
or die; and you suffer and get old.
Nothing you do can stop time’s unfolding.
You don’t ever let go of the thread.
~ William Stafford
When I’m working with someone in process painting, I rely on an intuitive current below the level of conversation. It has little to do with the stories people tell me about their paintings, their desires and preferences, their objections and judgments and their reasons to be finished. There’s a thread that weaves its way in and through the process that transcends any attempt to rationalize or explain what’s going on. It has an uncanny intelligence of its own and it follows its own rules and logic.
It announces itself through a seemingly innocent movement of the hand, a quickening of the breath when a new color is considered, a sudden straightening of posture at the appearance of an image. Its arrival is often surprising, yet it carries a sureness and inevitability. It seems like the most natural thing, but it’s often dismissed as being too obvious or unimportant.
The thread is a hard taskmaster. It demands an authentic gesture that can’t be faked. If it’s not heeded -- if we choose a route that has its source in the ever-plotting mind, it abandons us to struggle in a directionless maze of contrived concepts and frustrating dead ends. It requires absolute loyalty at the price of boredom and blockage. It’s the source of creative blocks as well as creative breakthroughs. It’s the invisible energy that guides and sustains us through the journey of process painting.
If followed, the thread will inevitably lead us to a passage of transformation. The banks of the stream will imperceptibly press in until the course is narrow and the way ahead seems impassable. A point will be reached where we must put everything at risk and there’s no guarantee of anything on the other side. At this moment the mind often balks and comes up with a thousand reasons not to proceed -- it knows that something will have to die to reach that larger space beyond. And it’s here that the deepest magic of the process reveals itself. No concept can prepare you for the inevitable "crossing over" that ensues when you take that leap of faith.
I’ve come to rely on this mysterious thread. It’s what keeps me coming back to such an unorthodox and unfathomable practice with no established lineage. Sometimes I wish I could claim the authority of some "ism" to lend the support of eons and all those who’ve passed before. Sometimes I wish for the definition of a recognized profession with a sanctioned license from a state certified board of approval. But when I look, there’s sanction everywhere. It’s in the eyes of those who’ve touched the flame as they surrendered to the exciting current that calls them so strongly to their painting. It’s there in the keen interest and acute aliveness awakened when someone risks the plunge without the deadening safety of protection. And it’s there in the certainty I feel when I glimpse the wondrous workings of the thread in the lives of those who dare follow it.
To further explore the potential of the creative process, listen and subscribe to Stewart’s series of monthly podcasts. You may wish to begin with his most recent episode, Making the About-Face, which explores the related topic of turning toward what's most essential within you.
To find out about opportunities to participate in The Painting Experience, see our Programs.
You can find the poem quoted in this post and other wonderful poems in William Stafford's book, The Way It Is. | <urn:uuid:17d3167a-8f91-4dce-bc4c-b3fa7050ec45> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thepaintingexperience.net/following-thread/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.940605 | 852 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Bokshi means witch or a woman who practices black magic.
I have never believed in those stuffs but it is funny how things come up.
I have been sick the last few days and for the last few weeks, I am having nightmares. I really can’t remember them much but I know they were bad dreams as I remember running or falling and waking up in the middle of the night, panicked. I tried everything to get a better sleep but with no success.
I think I am having bad dream because I am stressed out. So much is happening around me that some nights, I am half sleep and I feel that someone is talking to me. Then the other day I saw this bruise on my thigh. It was oval shaped and dark blue in colour. I couldn’t remember bumping into anything but I have a bruise and it hurts.
In Nepal, people believe that a bokshi sucks blood of other women to harm them. People still hold to the myth that such blue patches are marks after the bokshi has bitten and sucked their blood. Accordingly, the patches seem like a bite, kind of like a hikey. The mark of upper and lower teeth remains for a couple of days and it hurts as well.
I am sure it is nothing like that but hearing those things, we are always reminded of myths like that. I wonder how these things come to exist but doing further research, this is what I found.
According to a doctor, blue patches are frequent amongst women who are anemic. Accordingly, such patches develop often if there is any kind of deficiency in blood components or the person’s blood itself – for instance, in anemia. Generally, women in their fertility period get the patches. Such condition is known as bruises, bluish discoloration of skin, or ecchymosis.
A woman’s body is in need of blood as there is a heavy loss of it during menstruation. Thus, the blood capillaries burst in specific areas, causing bleeding under the skin. Besides, such bluish bruises also occur in women who have had their menopause, or are in that phase, as changes occur in the blood-clotting factor, which also affects the colouring factor of blood. And similar is the case in girls who have just reached their puberty. In the meantime, if there is deficiency of Vitamin C, then such bruises occur frequently.
As an early treatment, the doctor suggests taking iron capsules since it boosts hemoglobin. However, if this does not help, it is wise to have a blood test.
Furthermore, the doctor explains, the second layer of body skin has the most blood veins among the three layers. So if there is any kind of pressure on the capillaries, then bleeding can occur in the second layer of skin. But there can be no superficial bleeding. Blue patches appear more often if it is aplastic anemia. Usually, in this type of anemia, there is superficial bleeding and a continuous one, such as from the ears and nose.
Bluish discoloration of the skin can be related to many diseases. For instance, liver disease, scurvy, abnormal functioning of the kidneys, eye diseases, hormonal disorder, problems in circulatory functions, and lack of blood platelet, which helps in blood-clotting.
Unlike women, men don’t lose blood from their bodies so such patches are rare in them. If it appears then it’s serious. The patches might develop on men with liver cirrhosis or hormonal disorder. Men with hemophilia, a genetic disorder, also get such patches.
Explaining the shape of the patch which appears like a bite mark, the doctor says, It’s hypnotism. Because everyone has been repeating the same thing, we also feel that it’s a tooth mark. But actually, it’s the path of blood vessels, which can vary.
So here is the explanation for Bokshi’s bite on my leg. I don’t believe in black magic and divine power. If a person possesses divine power then why don’t they use it to make their life better than selling it to other for money? I really think there are so many things we can’t explain in this universe and that is why we give them different names.
I believe that everyone has a darker side, some darker than others. Therefore, when someone calls a person bokshi (witch), it is just a stage when that person has a personality disorder or a mental illness. So we need to help these people get proper medical treatment to make them better.
Do you believe in black magic? If you have any interesting story please share.
You may also like:
|*Widows in Nepal||*Cheers to new year 2070||*Zoo visit in Nepal| | <urn:uuid:e875fc4b-6125-40ad-9184-1bd0fefa6cde> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nepaliaustralian.com/tag/myth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.966616 | 1,013 | 1.75 | 2 |
It’s the stuff horror movies are made of. Billions of cockroaches (the larger American kind, not the small, fast brown German roaches we all know and hate) are being held captive in a secure escape-proof facility. The air is warm. The humidity is high. The crunch, crunch, crunching is loud.
Then there’s an earth tremor. The fail-safe moat designed to capture roach escapees so fish can eat them has drained through a fissure. The fish are dead. The roaches – billions and billions of them – are invading the city. Desperate for food, they’re eating everything in their path.
And you thought The Birds was a scary movie.
But this scenario except for the earth tremor is real. It’s taking place in China where cockroaches are being cultivated in facilities to eat food waste that is piped in to the insects. Being non-discriminate eaters, they crunch away on just about everything and, after dying in about six months, are cleaned, processed and fed to farm animals as sources of protein.
If you haven’t stopped reading yet, for various provinces in China this ecological solution is working out well. It’s a burgeoning business in a country with a huge population and limited food waste landfills. Also, so far, there have been no large-scale escapes from cockroach Alcatraz.
In addition to providing nutrients for farm animals, the processed roaches are being used medicinally and for beauty products in China. For the latter, I assume the fragrance is Ewww de Roach.
# # #
Steven J. Schleider, MAI, LEED-AP BD+C
President, Metropolitan Valuation Services | <urn:uuid:b2065339-e2af-42cb-8b12-b8df5d52d9f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mvsappraisal.nyc/2019/08/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.941837 | 375 | 2.171875 | 2 |
The British Churchill tank was the only one heavy tank supplied to the USSR by the Western Allies en masse. The US had bad luck with heavy tanks. Work on the Heavy Tank M6 hit a dead end. Nevertheless, heavy tanks did arrive in the American army by the end of the war. These were Heavy Tanks T26E3, standardized as M26 Pershing. However, the T26E3 was rather arbitrarily classified as heavy. In practice, this was a medium tank. Only its mass made it a heavy, and even then, it returned to medium after the war. This article is dedicated to the trials of the T26E3 in the USSR, during which it was compared to heavy tanks.
On the schedule
The T20/T23 tank program was launched in the US in mid-1942. These tanks were radically different from any other American design. Instead of a front transmission, which Harry Knox copied from the British Vickers Mk.E tank, these tanks had a classical layout with a rear transmission. The design of American tanks was gradually evolving, in no small part thanks to the study of foreign tanks. The USSR helped out here. The T-34 and KV-1 at the very least influenced the tanks of this family. Primarily, the influence touched the torsion bar suspension to replace VVSS. Even though this suspension was far from the first to be tried, it won out in the end.
The torsion bar equipped Medium Tank T23E3 was supposed to be standardized as the M27, but the electric transmission doomed this tank. Nevertheless, a part of this tank went into production. The turret was installed onto a Medium Tank M4 chassis, which noticeably improved the vehicle's effectiveness.
Further development focused on the T25 and T26 medium tanks, which received powerful 90 mm T7 (later M3) guns. The Medium Tank T26 was considered the optimal variant. However, during development, its mass increased to 41.9 tons. Because of this, the version of the tank that was put into production, the T26E3, was called a heavy tank. To compare, the American T23 medium tank weighed 34 tons. In a way, the American designers repeated the «success» of MAN's designers, who started developing the Panther in the 30 ton weight class and ended up with a 45 ton tank.
The Soviet military knew little about this evolution of the American tank. They first discovered the Medium Tank T20/T23 program in the summer of 1943, during a visit to the General Motors proving grounds. The meeting with this prospective tank was unplanned, a result of oversharing by Quentin Berg, one of the creators of the GMC M10 and GMC T70 (M18).
More complete information began to come in by mid-1944. Soviet specialists already knew that the prospective tanks are available in various variants, differing in suspension and other elements. It was also known that the torsion bar suspension was not deemed optimal at first. According to information that was obtained, HVSS showed comparable results, which made the American waver. The Soviet military also knew that the Medium Tank T26 and Medium Tank T26E1 were upgraded to heavy tanks on July 25th, 1944. Production numbers were also on hand. According to them, the T23 would be the most numerous of the medium tanks, even though the T23 program was winding down in favour of the T25 or T26.
It was clear that the Americans gave the T26 priority by the end of 1944. According to information received on January 13th, 1945, production of 192 tanks of this type was planned during the first two months of 1945. The index M26 was already used at this point, applied to the T26E1. In reality, another vehicle was called M26, the T26E3, but that did not happen until March of 1945. Overall, 450 vehicles were planned for the first quarter of 1945, and 6000 during the entire year. It is not surprising that 1000 T26 and 5000 M4A2 tanks were included into the Soviet Lend Lease requests. The Americans were not opposed to these deliveries, provided that their army received sufficient tanks first. However, nobody opposed sending one M26 (T26E3) to the USSR.
A Heavy Tank T26E3 with registration number 30119961 was sent to the USSR for study. This was a production vehicle, but it was referred to as experimental by Soviet specialists. This was because the T26E1 initially held the index M26. The tank was loaded aboard the SS August Belmont, which also carried prime movers and 13 M4A2E8 medium tanks. The transport was a part of convoy JW-66, which set out for Murmansk on April 16th, 1945 and arrived on the 25th. Unlike JW-65, this convoy took no losses.
The tank arrived in Kubinka towards the end of May. A trials program was composed, which included a study of the vehicle, mobility tests, and trials of the armament. As it often happened, an issue arose with the last item. The tank arrived with no ammunition. Even though the USSR had M1 AA guns, whose ammunition was compatible with the M3 90 mm gun, some time was needed to receive them. Complaints about missing ammunition were lodged on May 24th. Considering that trials were completely by July, the issue was solved quickly.
Traditionally for these trials, they began with a study of the tank. This process was made easier due to the large number of technical documents that arrived with it, including a manual for the tank and its gun. Two technical descriptions of the vehicle were composed: a brief one, included in the report, and a full one.
It's easy to explain the high degree of interest towards the T26E3. First of all, this was the first American mass produced heavy tank, even if it was only heavy by mass. Second, the layout was radically different from that of the existing American medium and heavy tanks, as was the layout of all T20 tanks. The layout of the Vickers Mk.E was gone, and the transmission migrated to the rear. The Americans reached this idea in 1942. Funnily enough, a year later, Heinrich Kniepkamp decided to use the exact same concept on the E-50, E-75, and other E-series vehicles. The use of the classical layout allowed the T26E3 to become 20 cm lower than the M4A2(76)W. Its armour was thicker, and a turret with more powerful armament was installed.
NIBT proving grounds specialists guessed that the design of the tank's components was close to that of the GMC T70. This was partially true, especially the suspension. The Americans tested their torsion bar suspension on the T70. The degree of resemblance of the T26E3 was not as high as that of the T20E3 and T23E3, which used the same track links, road wheels, and drive sprockets. It is easy to explain these similarities: all of these vehicles were designed at the Tank-Automotive Center in Detroit. The idler adjustment system that allowed the tracks to keep tight also migrated from the SPG to the tank, albeit with some changes.
The layout of the components in the engine compartment was deemed most interesting. The engine and transmission bays were separated with a block, on which the cooling system was installed. The testers remarked on the convenient access to components for service. The engine and transmission were joined into a single unit. This made it easier to install them into the compartment. However, this kind of solution had its drawbacks. First, the mass of the assembly was over two tons, which made it hard to remove in the field. Second, it was impossible to remove components individually, which also made field repairs difficult.
The transmission layout was another common factor between the T26E3 and GMC T70. Both vehicles had a Torqmatic Model 900-T gearbox and a torque converter. The gearbox, torque converted, and double differential were joined into one assembly. The biggest difference from the GMC T70 was that there was now a planetary speed reductor in between the engine and torque converter. It was put there for a good reason. Presumably, the issues experienced by the T70 off-road did not only plague Soviet testers. The installation of the reductor prevented the torque converter from slipping.
A significant difference was the layout of the driver's compartment. It became much roomier after the transmission was moved to the rear. In addition, the driving controls were duplicated, making the assistant driver live up to his name. The driver could also set his seat to one of four positions.
Overall, the driver's compartment offered comfortable controls and good visibility. However, there was one problem. In October of 1945, after mobility trials were performed, trials were held to compare the effort required to drive tanks. Turning the tank in first gear at a minimum radius took 35 kg of effort on the right lever. To turn left smoothly, 32 kg of effort was required. Only the IS-3 needed greater strength to drive, although the M4A2(76)W was not far behind.
The design of the hull caused mixed feelings in the Soviet engineers. This was largely caused by the fact that the tank was branded as a heavy. The design of the hull that combined rolled and cast components was interesting. Its benefits included large hatches that made it easier to access components, as well as internal bulkheads, which made the hull more rigid. The biggest drawback was 101.6 mm of armour in the front. This was not enough for a heavy tank in 1945. Even protection of Soviet medium tanks that were being tested at the time was better. Another downside was the fan cap between the driver and his assistant. The final drive casings that protruded from the hull were also deemed a bad decision. There was a significant risk to damage the final drives by hitting mines or obstacles.
The turret also did not boast exceptional armour, with the same 101.6 mm in front. Its design was a logical progression from the T23 turret, which was also used on the M4A2(76)W. A large bustle housed the radio equipment freely. Traditionally for American tanks, the visibility from the turret was good. Despite the enlarged turret, the Soviet testers deemed the commander's station somewhat cramped. However, the gunner's station was very comfortable. The gun aiming mechanisms were well designed. Trials showed that traversing the turret all the way around took 100 second by hand or 17 seconds using the powered traverse.
One of the few complaints about the gunner's station was caused by the sights. They only had scales for armour piercing shells. It turned out to be quite inconvenient to fire HE shells and the coaxial machinegun with them. There were also complaints about low magnification. The loader's station was also well designed, but not without fault. The ammunition racks on the floor forced the loader to make additional movements, which reduced the rate of fire.
Soft and hungry going
Initially, it was planned that the tank would go through the standard cycle of mobility trials, including driving on a paved highway, dirt roads, and off-road. An order from the head of the Main Armour Directorate of the Red Army, General Fedorenko, came in right before the trials began, instructing the testers to shorten the program. As a result, the 1000 km distance was shortened to 500 km. Trials to determine the top speed, highway, and off-road driving were cancelled.
Driving took place only on badly smashed up forest roads. This impacted the average speed, which was only 18.9 kph. It was deemed good, since it would clearly be higher in better conditions. Comparisons were made with other tanks that were tested on the same roads at about the same time. These were, primarily, the T-44 and IS-3 tanks. The IS-3's average speed in these conditions was 14.6 kph, and average technical speed was 11.1 kph. The T-44 drove at 17.5 kph and 15.5 kph respectively. A comparison with the American M4A4 medium tank was also made, which had average speeds of 16.5 and 14.8 kph. A Panther tank, the closest analogue of the Pershing, was also tested. Its speeds were 15.8 and 11.4 kph respectively.
The presence of a torque converted was considered a big plus. It gave the tank significant power, which was especially noticeable on slopes. The tank gained speed quickly. The driving was quite smooth, thanks to the torsion bar suspension and telescoping shock absorbers. The suspension absorbed small bumps, which led to an increase in average speed. The vehicle accelerated to 30 kph over 15 seconds, having travelled 68 meters.
The cost for using a torque converter was record fuel consumption. The T26E3 consumed 585 L of fuel for 100 km of driving. In these conditions the IS-3 consumed 373 L of fuel, and the T-44 consumed 378 L. However, we must remember that the IS-3 and T-44 had diesel engines. The gasoline powered M4A4 and Panther consumed 503 and 595 L respectively. The testers explained the high fuel consumption with the low efficiency of the torque converter and the fact that the engine constantly worked at maximum output.
The GMC T70 had similar issues, but it also had significant issues with overcoming obstacles. Startup trials of the T26E3 showed that the installation of a planetary reductor largely solved these issues.
The improved transmission affected the tank's performance on climbing and descending grades, as well as driving at an angle. It turned out that, as the instructions specified, the tank successfully drove at a tilt of 31-32 degrees. The maximum angle of descent, 31 degrees, was also the same as in the manual. The tank managed to overcome a 35 degree slope. The tank could also tow an IS-2 with no issues, however the fuel expenditure rose to 160 L per hour.
The tank demonstrated good mobility during trials. The only engine trouble was experienced on the 126th kilometer of the trials, and only then because the fan belt roller was installed incorrectly. The only transmission trouble happened on the 54th kilometer, when an oil pump roller broke. After it was repaired it broke once more, along the welding seam. It was then replaced by a newly manufactured part. The biggest issues were with the suspension. Significant wear of the drive sprocket teeth was observed. The rim of one of the road wheels was destroyed towards the end of the trials. Partial destruction of other road wheel rims was noticed later.
The next stage was testing of the armament. The Heavy Tank T26E3 carried the M3 90 mm gun, which had the same ballistics as the M1 AA gun. By the time the trials began, both types of armour piercing shells were available, as well as HE shells. Trials showed a rate of fire of 6-7 RPM. Firing from short stops allowed for one shot in 11 seconds. Such a big time between shots was the result of significant oscillations of the tank after stopping. Precision during firing from short stops was deemed good.
While driving at a speed of 12-13 kph, a hit rate of 40-50% was attained, and 10-20% at 24-26 kph. Unlike the M4A2(76)W, the tank had no gyroscopic stabilizer, which impacted the results of the trials. The stability of the hull during firing was deemed satisfactory.
The situation with fumes in the fighting compartment was far from ideal. It turned out that the concentration of fumes was far in excess of acceptable norms. The concentration decreased when the fan was turned on, but was still very high.
The results of the penetration trials were also mixed. Two types of shells were used: M77 without a cap, and M82 APCBC. Individual plates from a Tiger tank, installed at various angles, were used as targets. Trials showed that the M77 shell can penetrate an 82 mm thick plate at 50 degrees from 1300 meters. This result is similar to the performance of the German 88 mm KwK 36. The result was good, but German tanks, especially heavy ones, had much more powerful guns. The American gun slightly surpassed the Soviet 85 mm S-53 gun, but was worse than the 100 mm D-10.
The undeserved status of a heavy tank and the raised expectations resulted in a rather harsh verdict. While recognizing a number of positive qualities, the testers deemed that the T26E3 was not up to modern standards. However, the T26E3 was a medium tank, not a heavy one. The conclusion that this tank was experimental was also a big mistake. The Heavy Tank T26E3 successfully fought during the last months of WWII. However, the verdict about its weak armour was confirmed.
Five years later, the M26 Pershing was fighting in Korea, now as a medium tank. Its opponent here was the T-34-85, which it certainly surpassed. Nevertheless, it is hard to blame the testers for their evaluation of the American tank. It was considered heavy, and that meant that it was compared to German heavy tanks and the IS-3. The tank that was sent to the USSR did not survive to this day. It was sent to Leningrad after the trials, and it did not return.
Translated by Peter Samsonov. Read more interesting tank articles on his blog Tank Archives.
- Central Archives of the Russian Ministry of Defence. | <urn:uuid:2076ded6-aa6b-43e2-bfa5-6ddcb454a2a1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://warspot.net/453-pershing-heavy-by-necessity | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.986822 | 3,676 | 3.203125 | 3 |
The Boston Marathon was yesterday and I don’t know about you, but watching coverage of that race makes me want to sign up for #alloftheraces. Your first race can be a bit overwhelming. Running alone is a different beast.
When you’re running with thousands of other people there are a few things you can do to make the experience better for everyone. Whether it’s your first race or your 100th, there are some understood rules of the road. Feel free to add your own items in the comments!
Here is my race etiquette wish list:
1. Don’t start in the wrong corral.
It’s annoying for other runners, it will be troublesome for you. I used to get nervous and start a corral back from where I should be. I would spend the first mile of any race trying to get in front of runners who were slower and it was insanely frustrating. For everyone. Likewise, if you’re not an elite, don’t stand in the front. You will get pummeled and you’ll prevent someone from running their best race.
2. Don’t run 3-across.
I will allow you one running buddy on race day. That’s it. Races are crowded and people need to be able to pass you. If you run as a row of people, no one can get in front of you. Group running is fine for a casual Sunday afternoon jog, but keep it to two across on race day.
3. Don’t stop abruptly in the middle of the course.
If you need to tie your shoes, or massively slow down or stop for any reason, pull over. It’s the same as stopping short while driving and its very hazardous to runners around you.
4. Look before you spit.
If you have to spit or otherwise be gross during a race, fine. Just please don’t spit on other people. Consider the wind. Look first.
5. Run forward. Face forward.
The way running a race works is we all run in the same general forward direction. It’s an assumption that no one is going to come at you from the left or right, since we should all be running forward. If you spend a lot of time running side to side (to pass people for for any reason) people will not expect you to suddenly appear, and will trip on you, or you might get (accidentally) kicked.
6. Do not drop things on the race course.
I don’t care if you take off your hat, I just don’t want to trip on it. Throw them off to the side.
Any other rules you’d wish your fellow runners would follow? Share in the comments! | <urn:uuid:97253c99-1866-4271-a9c2-a5f21c36ad9c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cuckoolemon.com/2016/04/19/race-etiquette-wish-list/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.955592 | 584 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Happy Friday! Take a look at this week’s must read articles for recruiters, hiring managers and everyone in between:
Amazon to pay full cost of all college tuition, fees and textbooks for U.S. hourly employees (Read @ NBC News)
The e-commerce giant is following the lead of other large U.S. companies who are dangling perks like education benefits or more pay to woo workers in a tight job market.
The Importance of Job Descriptions and Job Advertising (Read @ Lead with Indeed)
You don’t have to travel far these days to see the “help wanted” signs posted in the windows of businesses large and small. It seems at times that everyone is looking to hire right now, which also means that lots of people are competing against one another for talent.
Why America has 8.4 million unemployed when there are 10 million job openings (Read @ Washington Post)
A mystery sits at the heart of the economic recovery: There are 10 million job openings, yet more than 8.4 million unemployed are still actively looking for work. The job market looks, in some ways, like a boom-time situation.
In the Middle of the Great Resignation, Employers Are Rejecting Millions of Qualified Workers, New Harvard Research Finds (Read @ Inc.)
A scroll through business media or even a stroll through your local downtown is enough to reveal just how desperate companies are to hire right now. “Help Wanted” signs adorn nearly every shop window, and the press is full of stories of companies offering extraordinary perks to attract talent.
5 steps you must take to make new hires feel like a valued part of the organization (Read @ Fast Company)
In the past, a new employee would show up on their first day and get thrown into the mix. They might go through a few organized sit-downs with managers, financial controllers, or a department head to get them up to speed, but for the most part, they would learn by watching.
Can’t offer remote work? Here’s how to attract candidates anyway (Read @ Career Builder)
As if the tight labor market wasn’t frustrating enough, you are now competing with all the employers who have committed to remote work. And with shifting generational trends, like Millennials and Gen Z not lining up to be truckers or TSA workers, you’ll need every tool available to attract and retain talent.
Yesterday’s Advice on Candidate Experience Won’t Fix Today’s High-Volume Hiring Challenges (Read @ ERE)
If traditional recommendations about improving candidate experience worked to address current talent shortages, then you wouldn’t be reading this article right now. It will take a better strategy to achieve high-volume staffing objectives — one that challenges conventional approaches to redefine the very meaning of candidate experience for hourly workers.
iRecruit is a cloud-based recruiting and applicant tracking and electronic onboarding software designed to provide any size of business a cost effective, affordable and truly simple way to manage the recruiting and onboarding process online. With options for Express, Professional and Enterprise, you can find a flexible recruiting solution that meets your needs. | <urn:uuid:a2354441-89e7-4aa5-a92b-c71fec2a45bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.irecruit-software.com/2021/09/10/recruiting-news-roundup-fridayreads-181/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.947315 | 665 | 1.539063 | 2 |
A New York Times bestseller
For millions of people, travel by air is a confounding, uncomfortable, and even fearful experience. Patrick Smith, airline pilot and author of the web's popular Ask the Pilot feature, separates the fact from fallacy and tells you everything you need to know...
-How planes fly, and a revealing look at the men and women who fly them
-Straight talk on turbulence, pilot training, and safety
-The real story on congestion, delays, and the dysfunction of the modern airport
-The myths and misconceptions of cabin air and cockpit automation
-Terrorism in perspective, and a provocative look at security
-Airfares, seating woes, and the pitfalls of airline customer service
-The colors and cultures of the airlines we love to hate
Cockpit Confidential covers not only the nuts and bolts of flying, but also the grand theater of air travel, from airport architecture to inflight service to the excitement of travel abroad. It's a thoughtful, funny, at times deeply personal look into the strange and misunderstood world of commercial flying.
It's the ideal book for frequent flyers, nervous passengers, and global travelers.
Refreshed and vastly expanded from the original Ask the Pilot, with approximately 75 percent new material. | <urn:uuid:c1ea387c-7c49-4b86-bfae-2b04cde0c2f6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hudsonbooksellers.com/book/9781402280917 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.909681 | 258 | 1.65625 | 2 |
At least 50 people in Ethiopia have died in floods and landslides caused by heavy rain, a state-affiliated broadcaster has reported.
The rainfall follows one of the worst droughts in more than 50 years, made worse by the El Nino phenomenon.
Administrators in the southern district of Wolaita said 41 people had died in landslides on Monday.
Nine other people drowned in floods in the south-eastern area of Bale that also killed hundreds of head of cattle.
The flooding in Bale, in the south of the Oromia region, has reportedly affected 559 hectares (1,381 acres) of farmland too, washing away seeds.
Rescue efforts are under way to save people missing in the landslides, Wolaita police commissioner Alemayehu Mamo told Fana Broadcasting Corporate (FBC).
But a major road and bridge had also been damaged in the SNNP region, hampering rescue efforts, he said.
The BBC’s Emmanuel Igunza in the capital, Addis Ababa, says more than 10 million people are already in need of urgent humanitarian assistance because of the drought.
The government and aid agencies have launched a $1.4bn (£970m) appeal to help those requiring urgent food assistance.
Pirezdaantii OSA: Wanti Jawaarirratti raawwatame shiraas, loogiis, yakkaas
At least 12 people die from hunger in drought ravaged Guji zone, says official; residents…
Keessummaa Kabajaa fi Waraqaa Qorannoo dhiyeessuun waladda
Umanni Oromoo garee waanyoo fii of tuultootaa jiddutti rakkachaa jira | <urn:uuid:182070dc-942b-43af-935f-474536325430> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bilisummaa.com/ethiopians-die-in-floods-and-landslides-after-heavy-rain/?amp=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.92616 | 376 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Arthur Charlaftis is the founder and CEO of Toddle, Australia's most comprehensive childcare search and comparison platform.
As the former COO of RealEstate.com.au, Arthur has also been an operator of child care centres in Australia, so he can offer great insight into what Aussie parents are looking for when choosing child care for their little ones.
Mamamia spoke with Arthur to find out the 4 biggest trends that are changing how parents choose childcare today. You can read the article here.
According to the article, 'When it comes to choosing childcare in 2020, 'average' just doesn't cut it.' Parents want all the information to be online and easily accessible - that's where Toddle comes in, with every centre in Australia all in the one place.
See more on the corkboard
Working with Children Checks for Child Care
Child care workers must be cleared before they can launch into looking after kids, and every state and territory has its own laws in place.
Spelling for Kids - Teaching Kids to Spell
At home, you can create a spelling bee buzz with fun activities and ready-made resources, so let’s take a quick lesson in spelling for kids. | <urn:uuid:22e754cb-e10b-4c14-b484-21feb2d2eb8c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://toddle.com.au/thecorkboard/mamamia-trends | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.95304 | 249 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Italian coast guards are hunting for a pair of missing American balloonists last detected piloting their craft over the Adriatic Sea in rough weather, officials said Wednesday.
Richard Abruzzo and Carol Rymer Davis were participating in the 54th Gordon Bennett Gas Balloon Race, an annual race in which teams of balloonists try to see who can fly the farthest from a set point on a maximum of about 1,000 cubic meters (35,300 cubic feet) of gas.
Abruzzo is the son of famed balloonist Ben Abruzzo, who was part of the first team to cross the Pacific Ocean by balloon, in 1981, and was killed in a small airplane crash in 1985.
Pair among mass ascension
Italian coast guards said a search was under way for the balloon, one of 20 that set off Saturday from the English coastal city of Bristol. Spokesman Lt. Massimo Maccheroni, said the last signal received from the balloon's GPS was at 8 a.m. local time Wednesday. The signal showed the craft was 13 miles (21 kilometers) off the Gargano coast in the Adriatic Sea.
He said helicopters, military aircraft and three boats were taking part in the search. A ground search on the coast was also under way.
Conditions in the area were reported to be poor, with rough seas and thunderstorms.
Abruzzo and Davis have competed together in the past, finishing third in the 2006 America's Challenge gas balloon race by traveling 1,478 miles (2,378 kilometers) from the Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta.
Davis is a radiologist from Colorado who has previously participated in the race, her medical office said Wednesday. In a 2007 interview with Denver Woman magazine, she recalled competing in a race in 2004 alongside Abruzzo.
"We raced through six hours of drenching heavy rain — it was like the tropics. It poured into the basket. We were just soaked. It was heavy enough that it formed a little lake in the top of the balloon, so we pulled the valve and it would drench us," she told the magazine.
Richard Abruzzo's sister-in-law, Sandra Abruzzo, of Albuquerque, New Mexico, said she had been told the balloonists had suffered "an issue with the electrical" components in the balloon, and speculated that the loss of contact could possibly be related to that.
Garth Sonnenberg, also of Albuquerque and a friend of Abruzzo's since childhood, said he'd heard they had radio issues throughout the flight. "We're hoping that it's a good possibility that it's just a radio problem," he said.
Friends said that ballooning is in Abruzzo's blood. His father and two other Albuquerque residents, Maxie Anderson and Larry Newman, made the first successful balloon flight over the Atlantic in a helium-filled balloon in 1978, landing in France after a flight of 137 hours.
Former New Mexico Gov. Gary Johnson, who has flown with Abruzzo in several balloon races, said he was worried. He said Abruzzo always carried satellite phones when Johnson flew with him, and should not have lost contact.
Johnson said Abruzzo borrowed his high-altitude suit for the Gordon Bennett flight, and told Johnson he'd be back in plenty of time for him and Johnson to compete in the America's Challenge gas balloon race, which is scheduled to launch from Albuquerque on Tuesday.
Associated Press writers Sue Major Holmes in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Colleen Slevin in Denver contributed to this report. | <urn:uuid:0935a949-9788-4d56-9e90-c8394a9bd4e3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna39420716 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.979835 | 735 | 2.03125 | 2 |
BATTING AND AGING
With baseball’s World Series drawing to a close, we thought we’d get in one last 2014 post on the US national pastime.
Keeping up with our aging theme, we’ll look at what happens to players’ batting averages as they age. We use the Lahman package in R, which has data from 1871 to 2013. We take the set of players who played in the majors for at least two years and look at the mean batting average at every age.
The green line (above, with smoothed plots, below with raw results with standard error bars) shows this basic result. Pro baseball players have their highest averages just over age 30. The area of the circles is proportional to the number of observations in that point.
When you look at results like those in the green line, however, you must stop to consider that the players who show up in the graph only tell part of the story. At a given age, there were other players who are not plotted because they were cut from the team years before (often due to their poor batting performance).
To illustrate this, at each age, I plot in the blue line the batting average of players who are in their last year of major league play. As one would expect, batting averages are low the year before players disappear from the major leagues. In the red line, we see the performance at each age of players who are not in their last year. For this subset of the data, peak batting average occurs at age 36 and the maximum is a bit flatter.
What is up with the increase in the blue line? The increasing trend is present even if you exclude the first two unusually low points. We are no experts on baseball (or sports of any kind) and are open to suggestions.
One thing to keep in mind is that people whose last year was at age 20 probably only played 2 years (I only considered players who played at least 2 years), while people whose last year was age 40 probably played about 20 years.
As usual, those who want to reproduce this in R are welcome to do so. | <urn:uuid:9f9e0b44-7809-414c-b8cc-aa5a3f08c042> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.r-bloggers.com/2014/10/getting-old-in-baseball/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.983264 | 438 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Since the introduction of SKYACTIV technologies, Mazda hasn’t slowed down in developing more powerful, and more efficient powertrains, such as their alternative fuels lineup at the upcoming Tokyo Motor Show.
Mazda, for the most part, has specialized in the fun-to-drive. With its lineup of SKYACTIV technologies, Mazda has boosted the fun-to-drive while improving fuel economy and reducing emissions. The popularity of Mazda vehicles, such as the spirited Mazda2, are testament enough, but there is only so much that a conventional powertrain can do to to reduce emissions without turning to alternative fuels, such as electricity and natural gas.
This year’s Tokyo Motor Show [TMS], which runs from November 22nd through December 1st, like all motor shows, is the best place to see the next big thing that automakers are doing to impress, drivers and regulators alike! This year, Mazda will have a bunch of vehicles on display at TMS, a couple of which look to expand their foray into decreased emissions and better fuel economy.
The new Mazda3 miniwagon will be available in various powertrain configurations. The new Mazda3 Sport SKYACTIV-D with a 2.2ℓ diesel engine, which is inherently more efficient than gasoline models, will go on sale starting January 2014. In the alternative fuels department, the Mazda3 SKYACTIV-CNG Concept looks promising, a dual-fuel vehicle that can run on gasoline or compressed natural gas, which emits 20% less carbon dioxide than a comparable gasoline engine.
The only problem with these alternative fuels vehicles, aside from the fact that the Mazda SKYACTIV-CNG is just a concept, is that the -D, and -Hybrid are only available in Japan. Sorry, US.
Image © JAMA [Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association] | <urn:uuid:4ec2ecf3-a407-469d-88af-b000e79df301> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.greenoptimistic.com/mazda-expanding-alternative-fuels-lineup-us-tokyo-motor-show-20131023/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.943376 | 385 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Official name: Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Date of establishment: 9 February 1924
Capital: Nakhchivan city
Territory: 5502,75 km2
National language: The Azerbaijani language
Population 463,0 (01.01.2022)
National structure: 99,6% Azerbaijanis
Population density: (by person): 84 (01.01.202l)
Urban population: 164,0 thousand people (01.01.2022)
Rural population: 299,0 thousand people (01.01.2022)
It was constituted of the capital city Nakhchivan and 7 administrative regions-Sharur, Babak, Ordubad, Julfa, Kangarli, Shahbuz, Sadarak. There are 5 cities (Nakhchivan, Ordubad, Julfa, Sharur and Shahbuz), 8 settlements, 207 villages.
According to the new Constitution of the Azerbaijan Republic received by referendum in 1995 Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is the autonomous state with in the Republic of Azerbaijan.
The autonomous state has own Constitution, Supreme Majlis, Cabinet of Ministers and Supreme Court. Supreme Majlis of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic consists of 45 deputies.
According to the Constitution the Chairman of Supreme Majlis of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is the Superme official of autonomous republic. The Supreme official of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic issues decrees according to the questions included to his/her power as specified by the Constituion but decides orders about other questions. The laws of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic are signed by the Chairman of Supreme Majlis of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.
The national symbols of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic are the national flag, emblem of the Azerbaijan Republic, the national anthem. of the Azerbaijan Republic.
The ruling system in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is the same of the Azerbaijan Republic. The city and district administrations of the autonomous republic are headed by executive powers. The heads of the executive powers are appointed by the President of the Azerbaijan Republic upon the recommendation of the Chairman of Supreme Majlis of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. In the session passed under the chairmanship of Heydar Aliyev, national leader, on 17 November 1990 the words “Soviet Socialist” were taken out from the official name of the autonomous republic and the name of the legislative power was changed and named the Supreme Majlis, firstly the flag of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918-1920) was received the state flag of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.
Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic borders on Armenia (the length of the border line is 246 km), Turkey (11 km) and Iran (204 km).
By the help of the strongest Armenia lobby in Moscow the territory of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic was lessened to 5,3 thousand km2 because of groundless land claim of Armenia and piece by piece the lands were annexed (1924, 1928, February 1929, May 1969) which was 6 thousand km2 during Moscow (1921, March 16) and Gars (1921, October 13) treaties signing.
Karki village of Sadarak region of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic underwent a complete economic blockade in 1991 by the Armenia Republic who started an injustice war against Azerbaijan and was occupied by Armenians on January 19, 1990. During the war the population of the one settlement and the 3 villages became displaced from their hearth lands. | <urn:uuid:c990a745-de6f-4d65-9fe9-4560565fe8dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nakhchivan.preslib.az/en_a1.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.937649 | 739 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Stiff heart syndrome occurs when amyloid builds up in the heart and affects the organ's ability to pump blood. Without treatment, the condition can lead to heart failure and death, the college said in a statement.
The new MRI technique, extracellular volume mapping (ECV), could help clinicians better identify and quantify amyloid in the heart and thus offer patients better and more effective care, said senior author Prof. Dr. Marianna Fontana of University College London in the U.K. in a statement released by the journal.
"Since MRI scans are widely available, by developing the use of extracellular volume mapping in a machine that already is used for these patients, we hope that its use can be made available to more patients to help improve their care," she said. "The aim would be to use these scans routinely for all patients with the disease to help doctors monitor the response to chemotherapy ... and improve patient survival, which is very poor in patients who do not respond to treatment."
Although heart amyloid may be relatively easy to discern, it can be challenging to measure the amount of amyloidosis -- and this can make it difficult to assess the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy, the first-line treatment for stiff heart syndrome, the team noted. To address the problem, over the past decade Martinez-Navarro and colleagues have developed cardiovascular MRI extracellular volume mapping to measure both the presence and amount of amyloid protein in the heart.
Improvement in cardiac amyloidosis demonstrated by cardiovascular MR (CMR) extracellular volume mapping (ECV) for amyloid. Baseline scan on top row; after six months of chemotherapy mid row; and one year after chemotherapy bottom row. There are progressive reductions in CMR (identified as T1 in column two) and ECV (column four) over the course of the treatment. Image and caption courtesy of the University College London.
To test its effectiveness, the investigators conducted a study that included 176 patients with stiff heart syndrome who underwent MRI using ECV at diagnosis and at six, 12, and 24 months after starting chemotherapy. They then tracked patient response by assessing changes in the presence of amyloid protein in the heart at each of these follow-up time points.
The MRI amyloid mapping technique was able to measure the effectiveness of chemotherapy among patients with stiff heart syndrome by assessing the amount of regression of the amyloid volume.
|Effectiveness of MRI-ECV in measuring chemotherapy effectiveness in amyloidosis patients
|Amyloid volume regression
|Amyloid volume progression
Of the patient cohort, 25% died during the follow-up period; the authors found that an individual's chemotherapy response at six-month follow-up predicted risk of death, with a hazard ratio of 3.82 (p < 0.001) in those who had progression of the disease. But on the positive side, the study also showed that ECV data indicated that at 24-month follow-up, chemotherapy was effective in almost 40% patients with this condition.
"The scans and data made available using this technique gave us the information to both see the amount of amyloid protein and also the regression in amyloid during the course of chemotherapy treatment," said study co-author Dr. Ana Martinez-Naharro. "This is incredibly valuable for clinicians. Knowing the amount, rather than just the presence of amyloid, means they can better guide treatment by more accurately deciding timing and protocol of second-line chemotherapy treatments."
Copyright © 2022 AuntMinnie.com | <urn:uuid:4f6b9f59-619e-4b11-869f-acd7c7e1b30c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.auntminnie.com/index.aspx?sec=log&URL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.auntminnie.com%2Findex.aspx%3Fsec%3Dsup%26sub%3Dmri%26pag%3Ddis%26ItemID%3D136563 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.935607 | 780 | 2.765625 | 3 |
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Last modified: 2022-06-29 | Approximate reading time 4 mins
As a contractor, understanding the impact a renovation project is likely to cause on the environment is second nature. In the midst of it all though, it can sometimes be hard to keep eco-friendly practices at the forefront, even at a time when such thinking is at an all-time high.
Are you seeking to make environmentally-conscious changes with the purpose of making your company more eco-responsible? If so, keep reading to find out more about the best eco-responsible work practices to adopt for your renovation company.
It is an inevitable reality, but any renovation project is bound to lead to a mountain of waste. However, keep in mind that there are environmentally friendly ways to dispose of said waste.
In order to take on work practices that are more environmentally conscious, it can be beneficial to hire a company specializing in the disposal of recyclable materials that can come directly to a worksite once the project is completed. That way, recyclable materials do not have to be discarded with the non-recyclable waste!
Bear in mind that your clients will be grateful for not having to pay additional fees in regards to transporting recyclable materials off-site to a recycling centre. As a result, it saves you precious time and also gives you a head start when it comes to waste disposal.
The environmental impact of material transportation might be easily overlooked, but it is a harsh reality. In fact, the greater the distance to be covered between the supply location and the construction site, the greater the amount of pollution generated.
For this reason, whenever possible, local sourcing is recommended, preferably manufacturers located within 800 km of the construction site. In addition to the positive impact this decision will have on the environment, it will also contribute to the economic growth of local businesses.
As part of some renovation projects, cutting down trees may be inevitable to have sufficient land available to accommodate a building. So what should be done with the cut-down wood? The first course of action would be to salvage it and use it as firewood.
This is a simple way to avoid wasting valuable resources during the winter months! Also, wood can always be put to good use to make furniture.
As you may already know, the use of high-efficiency plumbing fixtures can greatly reduce water consumption. While your clients may have a clear idea of what they want to purchase for their bathroom renovation, it is important to steer them towards high-efficiency fixtures.
Although, some consumers might dismiss this possibility right off the bat, thinking that it involves additional costs. At one time, purchasing water-saving faucets, toilets, and showerheads represented an additional cost, but today, they are available at a comparable cost.
Another aspect to consider is the provenance of the materials purchased. What are the manufacturing practices used to transform the material from its original state to a product that can be used in a building project?
By examining this issue and obtaining the information required to make an informed decision, you can often choose materials that are produced in a way that is more in line with recognized environmentally-conscious practices. The use of biodegradable materials is also a smart choice for your company!
For example, hemp offers high-quality thermal and sound insulation, as well as being fire-resistant and easy to install. Another possibility is the use of wood fibre panels. This eco-friendly material, among many things, guarantees high-thermal insulation and ensures effective vapour diffusion.
Another suggestion would be to choose materials that can be repurposed. Also, using products made from at least 50% recycled material is an excellent approach. Although some economic constraints may make it difficult to implement all of these suggestions, putting them into practice when appropriate is certainly a step in the right direction!
Want to learn more about green home renovation materials? Check out our article 10 Green Home Renovation Materials.
Now turning our attention to power tools, and the importance of using them as often as possible. Although it is not always feasible, using tools that do not require any fossil fuels allows you to reduce your ecological footprint when remodelling.
As far as paint jobs are concerned, using products without volatile organic compounds is an environmentally sound decision too. Research shows that volatile organic compounds have a serious environmental impact. More specifically, they contribute to global warming and the presence of smog in urban areas.
While zero VOC paints were once considered of lesser quality, the quality has improved and now offers comparable performance to their VOC counterparts.
However, it should be noted that low-end zero VOC paints are less durable. For this reason, it is advisable to choose high-end paint, especially if the surface to be painted is likely to be damaged during daily activities.
RenoQuotes.com can help you get home renovation contracts. We get requests from clients looking for trusted home renovation professionals just like you. Fill out the form on our homepage (it only takes a few minutes), and you will receive information on how to get new clients for your renovation company through our service.
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© 2019 RenoQuotes.com | <urn:uuid:0aeadf19-fe04-4020-ae6d-0355000a6647> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://renoquotes.com/en/blog/renovation-contractors-eco-friendly-work-practices | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.949588 | 1,083 | 2.34375 | 2 |
A total of 19 students successfully completed LIKE LION US@Berkeley program. They developed their desired web service with the programming skills they gained during this program.
Through this program, we trained students on the cycle of web development, from planning to launching their idea(Python, Flask, DB, Hosting, etc.).
Our first cohort in the US had a very intensive experience. The program ran from 10 am to 4:30 pm every day for three weeks. Classes covered project planning, front-end and back-end web development, and design.
Students took to collaborating with each other in teams to bring their projects to life. There were 13 different projects that included web services such as tracking job hunting progress, a matching platform for travelers, and NFT exchanging services.
On the last day of the program, students pitched their ideas and promptly received feedback from experts, reinforcing the holistic nature of LLUS’s web development training program. | <urn:uuid:8c5a33bb-faa0-4288-9296-b38c8c3a51bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.likelion.net/2db1bcf0-d1ab-4bb5-90a6-f546db01da72 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.969405 | 193 | 1.835938 | 2 |
PARIS (Reuters) - The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development slashed its economic output forecasts for the United States, Japan and euro zone on Thursday and said the 30-nation OECD area appeared to have entered recession.
“OECD projections point to a protracted downturn with GDP likely to decline by 1/3 of a percent in 2009 but the uncertainties are large,” the Paris-based think tank said.
After a sharp slowdown in the fourth quarter, when the world’s largest economy was expected to contract 2.8 percent, U.S. gross domestic product was forecast to fall 0.9 percent in 2009 compared with 1.4 percent growth in 2008.
Both Japan and the euro zone were also projected to slide into recession. The OECD forecast Japanese GDP would drop 1.0 percent in the fourth quarter and 0.1 percent in 2009, while
euro zone output would shrink 1.0 percent and 0.5 percent in the same periods.
The OECD’s forecast of an annualised 0.4 percent contraction for Japan in July-September would already put the world’s second-largest economy in recession. This is much bleaker than the market consensus, with a Reuters poll last week producing a median forecast of 0.3 percent growth.
Shortly before the forecast appeared, Germany said its GDP fell 0.5 percent in the third quarter, taking the euro zone’s largest economy into recession for the first time in five years.
The OECD acknowledged that great uncertainty surrounded its forecasts. “The distribution of risks around the projection is wide. In 2009, these risks are skewed on the downside,” it said in a statement accompanying the projections, released before an emergency meeting of world leaders in Washington this weekend to tackle the financial crisis.
Risks included financial conditions taking longer to return to normal than expected, further bank failures and emerging markets being hit harder than expected.
The projections saw a sharp drop in inflation but OECD economists saw only a slight threat of deflation apart from in Japan, where it was forecast to set in next year.
“I would not see that (deflation) as something that has a high probability but it’s one of these outcomes on the lower end of the probability distribution,” Joergen Elmeskov, director of the OECD’s economic policy studies branch, told Reuters.
After a series of big rate cuts by central banks around the world in recent weeks, the OECD said it was time for some governments to provide an extra boost in the form of fiscal stimulus despite already heavy public debt burdens.
“The need is probably larger in the countries where the scope for monetary easing is limited and where the automatic stabilizers are relatively weak and that would be the U.S. and Japan,” Elmeskov said.
“The need is perhaps less in the euro zone because there’s still some ammunition left in monetary policy,” he said.
The U.S. Federal Reserve cut its benchmark interest rate to 1.0 percent last month and the Bank of Japan lowered its main rate to 0.3 percent, so the European Central Bank appears to have most scope for a cut.
The OECD forecast the main euro zone rate would fall 125 basis points from the current 3.25 percent in the next few months. “That would obviously be distributed over some series of cuts,” Elmeskov said. “Basically we have assumed that they are down to 2 percent in relatively early 2009.”
The OECD forecasts assume that the extreme financial stress seen since September will be short-lived, although it said the need for fresh measures to stabilize markets could not be ruled out. But it said falls in housing markets still had a “long way to go” in many European countries.
Additional reporting by Yuzo Saeki in Tokyo
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles. | <urn:uuid:7312866f-32c0-4470-b368-ad60a9d8c1cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSTRE4AC2KH20081114 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.961802 | 812 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Brighter Green and partners explored making changes in our society, and indeed our world, to help people, animals, and the planet be healthy and thrive.
This event was live streamed on November 9, 2021 at COP26 in Glasgow Scotland. Brighter Green participated in an official COP26 side event called, No More Omissions: Addressing the Ambition and Scale of Change Required in Global Food… Read More
Food and agricultural systems have an enormous impact on human lives, especially in vulnerable communities, the lives of other animals, and the ecosystems and climate on which all species depend.
The fourth session of the UN Environment Assembly (UNEA-4) is taking place from March 11-15, 2019 in Nairobi, Kenya.
Brighter Green will be at this year’s Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP24 for short). It’s taking place from December 3-14, 2018 in Katowice, Poland.
Brighter Green will be at the Global Climate Action Summit (GCAS) in San Francisco from September 12-14th. Beforehand, on the 11th, we will be hosting an Affiliate Event.
Brighter Green is proud to be a co-host of The Good Food Hero Summit along with the Good Food Fund, part of the China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation.
The Canadian Association for Food Studies (CAFS) hosted a 3-day conference from March 27-29. Executive Director, Mia MacDonald, joined remotely to speak on the Pedagogy Panel. This roundtable included Steffanie Scott (U of Waterloo) as the session chair,… Read More
Please join us for an evening of conversation with Josphat Ngonyo and James Nkansah-Obrempong from Africa Network for Animal Welfare (ANAW). Date: Thursday, May 10th, 6:00 PM – 8:00 PM Location: Downtown Brooklyn, near Tillary and Gold Sts. (address provided with RSVP). Nearest… Read More
The fourth Minding Animals Conference is happening this January in Ciudad de México from the 17th-24th. | <urn:uuid:df9e7666-51ea-4e98-bc36-da7a461821bf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://brightergreen.org/events/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.909073 | 450 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Last updated on July 19th, 2022 at 04:47 pm
Reading poems is a beautiful pastime. It makes us feel better, sharpens our emotions, and expands our vocabulary. However, reading poetry in your own sweet time is different from reading a poem and writing an analysis essay about it.
Analyzing a poem requires much more than casual reading. Aside from getting aware of the piece, you should also complete a dozen steps to produce a logical and comprehensive work. This takes a while, but you don’t have to worry about missed deadlines. Nor should you think about “Who Can Write My Essay for Cheap?” This article contains everything you need to know to compose an excellent poem analysis. Keep reading to learn more.
The first step toward writing a flawless poem analysis essay is understanding what it is about. Before delving into writing, make sure to read the piece at least twice until you comprehend every word and its meaning. Don’t stress out if you can’t get a specific verse. Poems are often hard to understand, so don’t shy away from using dictionaries or simply googling things.
Once you read the story and find out the meaning of every troublesome word, it is time to find the poem’s primary idea. What’s the main message? In other words, what does the author strive to say? You may need to break down your reading into several approaches to succeed in your searches.
Every well-established author is famous for their unique writing style. The latter can manifest in many comparisons, allegories, alliterations, foreshadowing, irony, metaphor, and many more. Whatever it is, write them down, learn their meaning, and evaluate how well they fit the poem.
The next step is to determine the poem’s style, theme, and tone. When looking over the style, check the length of the verses. They will help you establish whether the piece is narrative, lyrical, observational, or persuasive.
Once you do that, proceed to a theme. Apart from the main message, what’s the theme? How do various parts of the poem interact? Is there any conflict or change of setting? Look at the poem as a whole and try to establish a theme along with its tone.
Descriptive elements are present in every poem. Not only do they help the writer deliver the message, but they also let readers reexperience the author’s feelings and emotions.
Usually, such items emerge in adjectives, allegories, and comparisons to enhance the five principal sensory feelings – smell, taste, touch, sight, and hearing.
Upon finding them, try to evaluate their level of success, i.e., do they help the audience see, touch, taste, smell, or hear an object?
Besides understanding the idea and all the mentioned aspects, an essay must thoroughly analyze and assess the poem from various perspectives. That is, your job is to look at the poem and determine its strengths and weaknesses. But before you do that, keep in mind that you must be reasonable. Suppose something doesn’t seem compelling in a poem. For instance, an imagery detail that was supposed to evoke a particular emotion is unsuccessful. In that case, make sure to provide an example from the poem and explain why you think it fails to deliver the feeling.
To prove that you’re credible, include other sources that analyze the piece. They will demonstrate that you don’t have tunnel vision and did meticulous research when analyzing the poem. But again, whatever source you rely on, make sure it is reliable and updated (published within five years).
Last but not least, remember about the formatting style. Typically, such works would require using the MLA citation style. However, academic institutions are autonomous and can require sticking to a different format. Therefore, ensure to learn which style you must follow beforehand.
So, the theoretical part is behind you, finally. This means you are ready to kick off the writing session. To make the process even more effective and quick, outline the scope of your work.
An outline is a powerful tool that has several functions. First and foremost, it lays out the most critical steps you have to complete when writing an essay. An outline encapsulates essential information and shows you what you should include in the work and what you should omit.
Second, because it outlines your every move, you not only know what to write about, but you also write it incredibly fast. This way, you can build the draft quickly and efficiently.
While poems can be written in various forms and rhyme differently, a poem analysis essay has only one structure to follow. It is an introduction, body part, and conclusion. Every part has a set of subsections, which your essay must contain. Let’s look at them in a broader scope.
It is no secret that an introduction begins the paper and introduces the topic to the reader. The problem is, writing an impeccable intro is easier said than done. For starters, it doesn’t only introduce the topic. It should also be as catchy as possible. Write a stunning opening, touching upon the author or poem itself. Depending on your audience, you can include a joke, statistics, quote, or shocking statement.
Once you spark the audience’s attention, use it to provide some background on the topic. Background information will help the reader learn more about the author and their literary work.
The introduction’s last element is a thesis statement. It provides the main idea of the piece in a very compressed manner. A thesis is a brief and accurate sentence; you will develop its central points within the body part.
The number of body paragraphs may vary depending on your requirements and the paper’s volume. But assuming you are writing a five-paragraph paper, your body part would typically include three sections.
Each body paragraph needs to have the following elements:
- Topic sentence: The first sentence that talks about the point from a thesis that will be discussed.
- Poetic evidence: Includes a shred of evidence from the poem.
- Development: Once you let the readers know about the point, develop it, providing authoritative thoughts.
Aside from those, each body section includes a short encapsulation and a transition phrase to make an essay cohesive.
The conclusion reviews central points and provides key information the reader needs to retain. The last paragraph also answers so what question to make the entire piece informative and worthy of reading. Ultimately, it ends with a call to action to motivate others to set up the discussion or keep investigating the topic.
Although analyzing poetry isn’t elementary, writing a poem analysis essay is more than manageable. If you are ever assigned to examine a poem, use the above strategy. It will help you build a well-organized piece and score a high mark. | <urn:uuid:2b308d01-2eb5-4c98-bb30-ef0a2aa6dac7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beamingnotes.com/2021/09/27/how-to-write-an-excellent-poem-analysis-essay/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.946814 | 1,416 | 3.125 | 3 |
Recorded as Makins, Makings, Meekin, Meekins, Meakins, Meakings, and others this is an English surname. It has two possible origins. Firstly, it may derive from May-kin, a diminutive form of the male given name Mayhew or Matthew, from the Hebrew Matityahu meaning "gift of God". As an example Maikin de Eylesburi was noted in the register of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, city of London, and dated 1213 - 1223, whilst Henry Maykin appears in the Hundred Rolls of Cambridgeshire in 1273. The second possibility is that the surname althou7gh applied to a male, derives from the Middle English word "maide, meaning a girl or young woman of marriageable age, with the addition of the diminutive suffix "kin" to imply "son of".Early examples of the surname from this source include Robert Maidekyn of Kent in 1327, and Jeva Maydekyng of Cambridgeshire in the same year. Recordings from London Church Registers include the christening of Robart, son of Samuel Meekins, at St. Botolph, Bishopsgate, on March 27th 1590, and the christening of William John Meekings, at St. Mary, Whitechapel, in March 1777. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of John Mekyns, which was dated August 24th 1549, christened at St. Michael's, Cornhill, London, during the reign of King Edward V1, known as "The Boy King", 1547 - 1553. Surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation. In England this was known as Poll Tax. Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to "develop" often leading to astonishing variants of the original spelling.
© Copyright: Name Origin Research 1980 - 2022 | <urn:uuid:59148efe-a73b-47ad-8ec7-8ec2d42cd56b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.surnamedb.com/Surname/Meekin | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.954622 | 406 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Playground Rules For Everyone
In accordance with national government policy which forbids smoking in certain public places, our school is a no-smoking area. We respectfully ask that nobody smokes cigarettes or e-cigarettes on our school premises.
No dog is allowed on our school premises except for Guide Dogs accompanying visually impaired people.
We encourage children to cycle to school. In Year Five children will take their Level One and Two cycle training. Once a child has completed this training, they may cycle to school unaccompanied. Before this point, children may only cycle if accompanied by an adult.
Anyone who rides a bike or scooter to school must dismount before they enter the premises. Bicycles and scooters must be parked safely within designated cycle bays. All bicycles and scooters are parked at the owner’s risk – school do not take responsibility for any damage or theft. If we find cycles or scooters on the premises parked somewhere other than the cycle bays, they will be placed somewhere safe until the owner re-claims them from the school office.
We have lovely playground equipment (Fort Henry, a Pirate Ship and a MUGA). These are for use of all our children during the school day. They must not be used by anyone when a member of staff is not present. | <urn:uuid:8b2fd084-cfe4-4072-a64f-9a27dcf5d678> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://billinghamsouth.school/playground-rules-for-everyone/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.956988 | 277 | 1.890625 | 2 |
About Verification of Contact Information
There are several reasons that your registrar (or reseller) has to contact you to verify your contact information. Some of the most common are:
- Whois inaccuracy complaint – The Registrar Accreditation Agreement (RAA) requires that registrars take reasonable steps to investigate and correct inaccurate Whois data. This can include contacting you to request verification of your identity and contact information.
- 2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement (RAA) – The Whois Accuracy Program Specification of the 2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement (RAA) requires registrars to validate and verify certain Whois data fields, which may include contacting you by phone, email or postal mail. Registrars must suspend or delete domain names that are not timely verified.
- Whois Data Reminder Policy (WDRP) – ICANN requires all ICANN-accredited Registrars to formally remind their customers once a year to review and update the contact information for their domain name. Read more at ICANN's WDRP FAQs For Domain Name Registrants.
- Financial transactions – Registrars may contact you to verify your identity or contact information as needed to process payments.
- Domain transfer matters – Registrars may request verification of contact information only when there is a reasonable dispute regarding the identity of the Registered Name Holder (or the Administrative Contact) of a domain name regarding an FOA, or the identity of the Registered Name Holder regarding an Auth-Code. | <urn:uuid:8f91d034-0938-43ad-ab20-750f389c21f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/contact-verification-2013-05-03-en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.840198 | 304 | 1.648438 | 2 |
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