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Continued from “Towards Realization”
Indian English poetry had its dark and bright areas of growth since the beginning of nineteenth century, a period of uncertain social and political conditions it was as observed earlier. If one recapitulates social, economic and political scenario and the measured but definite emergence of English domination, it would reveal new aspects of development of poetry. Poetry in initial years appears restrained and speaks of unequalled grace and chasteness in idiom.
Certain voices underline slow manifestation of not very healthy environment. English people had a definite plan to educate, placate, coerce, dominate and expand gradually but many Indians of substance and power did not know or perhaps ignored because they nursed knowingly or unconsciously certain ulterior designs. Indian poetry in English took birth in the eastern region of the country with expected hesitation, little patterned, imitated, leisured movement ahead, understated thoughts, and it rightly depicted not very favourably Indian life from different aspects. At times, artists of poetry were genially true and modestly emphatic.
Romance, adventure and love for legends and myths in lyrics beautified poetry. However, a sudden but subdued upsurge of patriotic and nationalistic sentiments excited people with thoughts of freedom and independence. Mutiny of 1857 taught Indians how to confront harsh and callous realities under foreign domination while religious, social and political movements targeted objective of attainment of ‘freedom’ for the country. In the realization of political goal, concerted efforts required restrain and steadiness. With the coming of Gandhi, scenario underwent tremendous changes. Congress took birth in mid nineties of 19th Century and later on, Muslim League also came into existence for various political reasons but the goal incidentally, was attainment of sovereignty for the people. Different social and religious groups adequately supported the movement, and India marched towards the attainment of Independence. It is history now.
Scenario in The Beginning of Twentieth Century
A little digression will make literary scene quite clear. After 1920, a different crop of writers infused spirit of patriotism and nationalism, and even a casual reader would notice an amazing cohesiveness notwithstanding certain contradictions. Some creative artists born between 1920 (or a little earlier) and 1940 were witness to a bitter and at times, violent struggle of patriots for the achievement of goal under the guidance of various political leaders while religious heads and social outfits did not lag behind, and many carried bitter and at times, exciting memories of a very trying period. It was period of Gandhi and an age of rejuvenation, reiteration and affirmation of ancient cultural heritage.
One also notices significant poetic voices that made memorable contribution to elegiac scene and spoke eloquently of love, romance, adventure, nature, patriotic sentiments and nationalistic thoughts. Solemn anxieties found emotive expression in the verses of Manmohan Ghose, Swamy Vivekananda, Sri Aurobindo, Sarojini Naidu, Tagore, Joseph Furtado, Puran Singh, Swami Ram Tirtha, Harindranath Chattopadhyaya and many others with a slight shift of expression from the early poets after Henry Derozio, Ghose Kasiprasad, Toru Dutt and others. A cautious reader discerns contemporary anxieties troubling sensitive minds as machines slowly enter to make production easier with reduced labor force. However, it also led to varied issues relating to workforce and not very healthy and good functioning conditions.
Slow but determined growth of industrial focal points changed social fabric in the meantime. A few poets became conscious of the disturbingly pleasant but also worrying and tough impact of industrial expansion around the fourth quarter of nineteenth century. It led to migration of people from the rural to the rising industrial centers mostly influencing existing towns and cities, which began to enlarge with enormous speed, and consequently, burdened state apparatus and not very strong system with problems of education, health, sanitation, water, housing and unemployment. Civil amenities in cities provided comforts not to many, but persistent migration of rural people to find avenues of livelihood, created genuine human problems. Sensitive minds and intellects were onlookers to the human tribulations where choking environment, inadequate and difficult living conditions fuelled ambitions, and ensuing failure and defeat led to disillusionment, despair and depression, and such unsavoury and discouraging developments constituted focused theme of creative artists. Poets mostly located in urban areas, ventilated genuine agonies and anguish of rising metros amidst visible pleasure of life but oblique pains continued to upset intellects.
Comforts, pleasures and sufferings of metro’s life influenced hearts and intellects of perceptive minds. Impact of machinery, alien language, culture, lifestyle and charm was quite apparent, which carried subtle and at times, perceptible pressure of transmitted western lifestyle. Agonies and sufferings of industrial life felt in the Europe crept into Indian consciousness with faintly or at times, noticeable English sensibilities mixed with visible Indianness in feelings and thoughts. However, attitude and propensity made it secular but still religious sentiments, at times, guided man to certain esoteric areas as metaphysical wanderings explored unimagined areas of life beyond.
It is Good to Carry Traditions with a Religious Heart, Life and Life Beyond
Several motivated schemes took shape of development as rural areas and towns grew while life in cities assumed complexity inexplicable after Independence. Education ennobles a man and it instills a spirit of competition particularly when progress becomes integral to life. Town and urban life presents unique predicament. Saner elements get beating as ambitions become obvious. Struggle is not only for livelihood but also for material enrichment with vague inner craving for spiritual life, an unfathomable region. However, hunger for more comforts and wealth does not give peace and contentment.
Justifiable query and investigation into the multifaceted equations in human bonds occupy poets’ worries because aspirations and infinite materialistic demands come into existence one notices such features in verses of many. Now, even existence of relations faces slow threat as individualistic lifestyles enter. Immense growth and material progress allow little space to warmth in life and lead to insensitive and unsympathetic instinct in relations and therefore, human bonds suffer that later on, assumed grotesque proportions without exception.
Earlier poetry grew in a few cities among the elites and carried intellectual and linguistic hangover of the white man for apparent reasons and it demonstrated agony of materially and intellectually rich life in crowded and congested settings. At another level, people suffered. Only after freedom, people got rid of feelings of subjugation and slavery but in a liberated mental environment, a drift reflects unbiased interests of people that materialize in a baffling blending of Indianness and Western thought. If city poets are confessional or autobiographic in approach and treatment, it is because of subtle influence of English life-style.
However, one also ought to notice that multi-cultural influences amalgamate with the passage of time and take different shape and therefore, influence various wings of life and become indissoluble. If different streams of thoughts run parallel in a society, these carry a marginally distinct approach. Town and city poetry limited to defined regions at that time, took plunge outside the borders, spoke wistfully and lovingly of countryside and rural people but returned to its distinct forte. However, many poets took up varied issues and anxieties disturbing man, and moved even beyond life, and it is evident in many poets.
It is worthwhile to go back, look into the poetic thought and creed of poets of an earlier age, who made imprint on the poetic scene. To carry the spirit of culture and heritage is the religion of creative minds while carving out new paths without undermining literary heritage. As poets derive spirited inspiration from culture and traditions, it not only attracts but also excites. Sri Aurobindo (1872) was a genius of different caliber. A versatile man, a scholar, a critic, an authority on Vedas, a yogi and a prophet of Life Divine, a great nationalist, he was a man of revolutionary thoughts. He was an advocate of patriotic thoughts but was least interested in political activity. He was a poet, a mystic and a philosopher. Spiritual quests captivate and enchant for he reflects deeply on life and existence with a profound saintly and prophetic insight. Love for the country impresses, ‘Make iron of your souls /Yet if Bhavani wills, strength and the sword /Can stay our Nation’s future from o’er throw.’ Undoubtedly, he depicts love for life and eternal experience of celestial ecstasy, but also shows intense care for the aesthetic and adoring features of life and stirs spirit of patriotic fervour. He looks at life in totality when one goes through his creative writings. A divine experience it is that takes a man beyond earthly borders and fulfills intrinsic thirst, for ‘Existence a divine experiment/ And Cosmos the soul’s opportunity.’
Uniqueness in the poetry of Aurobindo lifts spirits of man and teaches the grand and timeless art of life and its supreme purpose –to unite with the eternal, to spread message of cosmic unity, and to love man and humankind. To the modern intellect, poet’s thoughts, spiritual inquests and mysticism look magical but deep down as he inquires, he finds that the poet passionately evokes through sublime verses the transcendental, restrained and cathartic impact of Indian cultural heritage. Born of cultural, spiritual and historic perspectives, he carries man to virtues of life where a man if adheres to truth and uprightness, makes it beautiful. Other poets of the period like Pannikar, J. Krishnamurthi, Sri Paramhansa Yogananda and Acharya also offer spiritual delight and satisfy man’s intrinsic thirst for the divine elegiacally. Lyrics offer glimpse of intensity in poetic thought and idiom saturated with mysticism and spirituality.
Sri Paramhansa Yoganand (1893) writes on a wide range of subjects but mostly, he exhibits interest in spiritual awakening and is prone to mystic vision, and it leads him to god realization. God and the thoughts of god permeate the entire body and soul, and going through the colossal poetic outpouring, gives a deep gratifying sense of devotion, mystical experience and spiritual illumination as if, and brightens up typically sluggish areas of man’s intellect and heart. Poet, an awesome religious heart and spiritually enlightened intellect, finds unity in diversity in the design of origin of creation and created beings and believes that nature is the image of god.
Poetry of this age carries firm conviction that humankind can live meaningfully if it discards sick propensities towards material and worldly aspirations and works for the uplift of soul of man, because ultimately, merger of soul with the Eternal Truth grants liberation he affirms. Looking within and listening to the inner voice grants perfect peace of mind, poets often aver.
One recalls name of H.N. Chattopadhyaya (1898), who is a little different. He demonstrates earthly awareness when he talks of life and not very comforting realities of life and delineates social conditions of people in right perspective as the poor and the deprived find it difficult to live happily. Religion is all right for ennobling influences but if man begins to evince interest in doctrines and superstitions, life can turn burdensome and exhausting and so, he indirectly suggests staying away from weary and unhealthy inclination. As social life of the age appears wearisome, excruciating and stressing in some of his beautiful and inspiring verses, he ventilates thoughts and emotional anguish on national issues, patriotism, human suffering born of foreign supremacy, slavery rich man cherish, ignorance, worn-out rituals and customs.
Humanitarian thoughts, respect for virtues and religious temperament continues to determine minds and intellects of many poets and one would discern this stream of noble thoughts and belief in humankind still governs lyrics of many poets with some affirmative and challenging deviation. Krishna Srinivas (1913) with a poetic horizon of astounding frontiers amazes. He goes beyond, and tries to fathom the mystery of life and existence. The world beyond constitutes area of deep inquiry for him. He is a voyager, who flies to areas beyond understanding of an ordinary man, rouses intense curiosity and vibrates impatiently in hearts. A questioning spirit about ‘the Invisible’ thrills. He talks of a great mind, a super intellect and a blissful mystery beyond. To understand Srinivas’s poetry one requires an entirely different frame of mind. A little of faith, a bit of inquisitiveness and a fraction of a moment is essential to look into Srinivas’s incredibly prophetic poetry and the dimensions and sweep of a mystical mind and that would offer glimpses of a great mind.
Like a torchbearer, he carries forward the soul’s spirit in the crucial period of Indian history after the latter half of the nineteenth Century with grace and dignity and many a time, looks at life ‘as a private tragedy and public anarchy.’ He is solemn, pure, upholds strongly ethical thoughts and chaste emotions, patriotic fervour with deep philosophic tenor and takes back to Tagore, Vivekanand and Naidu. If he speaks of the mystical beyond, he tells man to look beyond and within, and live in the inner abode of man where ‘time, space and consciousness’ get meaning and naturally, ‘self, faith and culture’ gain strength. In Earth (Poetical Works), a fantastic flow of images takes life’s reality to shores beyond human intelligence.
Earth is flesh of flames,
a bubble of blood
flung from flux of flood
in deeps of orgiastic
sewn and sheathed
in hurricane clasp,
gushing pyramids of fires,
pedigreed with reddened firmaments.
Time, space, and human consciousness break through the supernatural and the mystical beyond, an insightful man believes as he penetrates into the mystery of existence. One is startled as some stunning poetic expressions defy correct interpretation.
This rage of dusty Delirium
Gripping Paris, London, Manhattan
Racing to clash of fiery flesh
And drunken reel of aching art
Must crash with a bang
Whose pealing thunders
Will crush to dust the house of lust
And make man a man
And woman a woman’
He says in Dance of Dust.
Historical perspective and faith in man, disturbing times and nearly measured prophesy of what lies in the womb of future inspire to go deep what he says. Captivating metaphors and stunning phraseology baffle and take to entirely different lands of imagination but at the same time, it forgets not to tell man that he has to live on earth with a sacred objective to purify and elevate self and humanity. Poet is worried about the terrible crisis of identity, existence, faith and cultural uprooting because of scientific invasion without proper analysis and so life is awesome in contemporary times. One lives in age where enormity of anarchy is unbearable but if a man listens to the spirit, inner strength and faith help because sufferings of man are obvious.
And the Duel
Rages in swell –
Asserting their might
And the mute,
Crushed and fallen,
Prayer their only hope
If in ‘Earth and Beyond’, he is conscious of the frail and vulnerable, and inspires them to stand up and pray, he understands sufferings and anguish of existence but tells man to invoke inner strength, recognize ‘self’ and live in faith and that would make life meaningful. He also tells unequivocally in Great Beyond, ‘We must freeze /The wounds/ That come in mounds /And sieve us /Pore by pore. /Pains and scoffs /We must bypass /And remain aloof /Un-preyed by halts; And forge ahead /Forgetting pains we tread / the friends we had, /The past we left.’
Interestingly, he guides all to the journey of many religions, and symbolically drives the inner person to the world beyond and to the world of ‘inner self’ and if man wins, he not only leads uncontaminated worldly life through whirlpool of catharsis to purified land and existence but also facilitates and makes communion with the inner world, possible. At this moment, journey of life reaches its culmination, real purpose and significance. Death is just a happening as it takes the man to the Great Beyond.
A journey from birth to death
Just an exit
To myriad mirrored entries.
And voyaging endless wombs
And endless existence,
Beyond Primal Purity
Is never lost …
We all journey
As ordained pilgrims,
Progressing to Ends Unknown
And it is CALL
Of great beyond
That guides and steers.
If he is worried about worldly life, the life beyond is the major anxiety of poet and he genuinely wishes man to grow, improve and work for the wellbeing of not only ‘self’ but also humankind. A search for meaning of life and existence, when people struggled for identity before Independence, worries Srinivas and he goes beyond earthly realities and therefore, poetry impresses with its grandiose treatment and highly spiritualized intent but it never irritates. However, it provokes to cultivate virtues in life so that a man becomes an asset to the society, also the real obligation of man to man.
A chaste journey of life continues when one encounters lyrics of Dr. Maha Nand Sharma (1924), another eminent and prolific poet of this age. Interestingly, a prominent feature of Sharma’s lyrics is love for nature, innocent romance, adventure, love, patriotic feelings, nationalistic spirit, deep interest in spiritualism and metaphysical realities of life, and a very engaging interest in mysticism enthralls and attracts even as historical sense of poet surprises and such facts and truths of life determine the nature of poetry.
Social issues dominate many verses and that connects the poets to worldly life without self-conscious outlook. Sharma’s poetry is modest, magnificent, soul inspiring and edifying. Love strengthens man and relations in life he is emphatic. When he speaks of man-woman relationship, he appears enthused, ingenious, mystic, even as solemn influence of religious books like the Vedas, Upanishads etc. pervades poetry that purifies and elevates man to touch heights of spiritual glory not ignoring the material world. Love connects man and woman spiritually and takes them to divine land of experience and fulfillment. The poet often links love to practical aspects of life that teach difficult art of living and leads man to spiritual path and ultimate salvation. A deep and penetrative study of ancient literature adds majesty to the poetic world when he creates and retells legendary tale of Shiva and Paravati (A Rudraksha Rosary and Other Poems) where he gives it secular and cosmic dimensions and reveals fantastic wide-ranging outlook on life and existence. Look at the beautiful lines when Himalaya touches feet of the celestial couple.
And washed them with the sacred Ganges water.
Then holding bride by one hand, kush by other,
The Monarch offered both to Lord Mahesh,
And bowing down before him, folded hands.
The Pandit tied a point of Shiva’s shawl,
To Uma’s sari’s corner, chanting hymns.
The bridegroom leading, both with paces slow
And coy, completed seven rounds of fire,
The Sacred Witness which conformed their bond.
In another long lyric of epical magnitude (A Spiritual Warrior), he electrifies as a splendid artisan as he delineates the character of Bhisma, the great saint warrior of Mahabharata. He shows with immense intellectual prowess a struggle between the flesh and the spirit where flesh symbolizes power, sufferings, penitence, pelf and worldly glory whereas spirit metaphorically tells of mystic and spiritual power leading man to eternal reality.
Helpless actors, we
As reapers of the fruits of past, must bear
Whate’er the present life offers us.
To rightly act is all that we can do,
And that my son, you have done.
Wholesome Indian consciousness and love for cultural heritage allure the poet and therefore, he wishes to share deeply felt experiences poetically. His profundity is amazing, the idiom is rich, and it speaks of Indianness, resurgence and forceful awakening without inhibition. If one goes into the landscape of poetic creation, it is again Indian. He is graphic, vivid and magnificent in depiction and never for a moment permits one to go elsewhere, and thus, gives a comforting experience.
Poets of the age are modest and humble, and talk of cosmic, catholic and universal issues, and gradually move to spiritual realms and here, mystic (yes worldly also) bards speak of the metaphysical and the mystical and take a thinking man to another world of peace, harmony and divine beatitude. They do not exasperate but exercise solemn influence with the strength of virtues, and spiritual aura they create. As visionaries, they look at life beyond, and guide man to fields where tranquility and harmony prevail, and where in a subtle way, the great age of transformation and challenges exercises its solemn impact, none can refute. Nonetheless, as one moves further, it is interesting to observe an abrupt but fractional change in poetic thought, landscape, consciousness and sensibility and a different kind of poetry takes birth that concentrates largely, on city anguish, suffocation and suffering amidst opulence, comforts and joys of life.
Continued to “Anxieties and Pains of Poets” | <urn:uuid:155402dd-4810-4f6c-bb74-476816e3179c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.boloji.com/articles/49256/indian-english-poetry--spiritual-quest | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.931974 | 4,496 | 3.09375 | 3 |
All events hosted by Hagerman are complimentary!
There is no added cost to you.
TRAINING SCHEDULE COURSE CATALOG LIVE ONLINE TRAINING CUSTOM TRAININGTESTIMONIALS
This three-day fundamentals course covers the indispensable core topics for working with AutoCAD. The teaching strategy is to start with a few basic tools that enable the student create and edit a simple drawing. They then continue to develop those tools, as well as being introduced to more advanced tools throughout the course. Not every command or option is covered, because the intent is to show the most essential tools and concepts:
After completing this course you will be able to:
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Living with Fahr's
When you have been diagnosed with Fahr's like most reactions to a life-changing condition it is not uncommon to feel:
- Questioning why it has happened, how you could have prevented it, what have you done wrong
All these are part of being human, it is all part of the process of coming to terms with living with Fahr's. Admittedly, not everyone will experience all of these, and every person will take their own time going through the process of acceptance of the condition.
It is important to take care of yourself throughout this, don't deny what you have will impact the way that you live and the way in which you view the world.
FAHR'S DIAGNOSIS IS NOT A DIAGNOSIS OF ENDING LIFE AND LIVING!
There are support networks of family, friends and colleagues who will be there to support you.
Our advice is that you are realistic about the expectations of your life and that you continue to have a fulfilling living. There is not enough medical evidence to meaningfully place a generalised rate of neurosis or end of life, indeed many patients are without symptoms and the condition will have no noticeable impact on them.
If you ever notice that you are developing new symptoms or worsening symptoms then immediately seek medical advice from your doctor/consultant.
Don't be afraid to reach out for support from organisations, and in some countries, you will have additional protections and special considerations under the law (such as in the UK you are protected from Discrimination allowed workplace adaptations), in some cases you could be eligible for government financial support, | <urn:uuid:5f399e81-b9b4-4acd-a148-0ca0ce087e49> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fahrbeyond.org/living-with-fahr's | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.968451 | 355 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Congress meeting to certify the Electoral College votes turned into a madhouse.
Lawmakers fled as protesters took over the Capitol.
And all hell broke loose when Mitt Romney crossed one line with Donald Trump.
There is no love lost between Never Trump Founding Father Mitt Romney and President Trump.
But Romney sensed that twin body blows of Republicans losing both Senate runoff elections in Georgia and the scene of protesters storming the Capitol was his chance to marginalize President Trump and the Republicans in the House and Senate that support Trump.
In a statement ripping President Trump, Romney falsely claimed that the allegations of voter fraud were lies and that Donald Trump only invented them to soothe his bruised ego.
“We gather today due to a selfish man’s injured pride and the outrage of his supporters whom he has deliberately misinformed for the past two months and stirred to action this very morning,” Romney added.
Romney then falsely claimed the band of rioters staged an “insurrection” at the Capitol.
“What happened here today was an insurrection, incited by the President of the United States. Those who choose to continue to support his dangerous gambit by objecting to the results of a legitimate, democratic election will forever be seen as being complicit in an unprecedented attack against our democracy. They will be remembered for their role in this shameful episode in American history. That will be their legacy,” Romney added.
The blame for the riots lies with the rioters.
Donald Trump did not incite a riot. When violence broke out, he asked for his supporters to peacefully go home.
Romney also went after conservatives like Senator Josh Hawley, lambasting Hawley for pledging to object to Pennsylvania’s electors so Hawley could speak for the tens of millions of Trump supporters who think left-wing tech companies and partisan Democrat judges rigged the election against President Trump by censoring negative stories about Joe Biden and illegally changing mail-in voting laws.
“The objectors have claimed they are doing so on behalf of the voters. Have an audit, they say, to satisfy the many people who believe that the election was stolen. Please! No Congressional led audit will ever convince those voters, particularly when the President will continue to claim that the election was stolen,” Romney added.
As the 2012 Republican nominee Mitt Romney was the Democrats’ dream.
Romney acted like a punching bag and never fights back no matter how low the attacks.
One Democrat Super PAC TV ad essentially accused Romney of murdering a man’s wife by personally giving her cancer.
Democrats claimed Romney waged a war on women simply by saying he hired lots of women to work in his administration when he served as Governor of Massachusetts.
At no point did Romney defend himself and he barely criticized Barack Obama.
Instead, Romney’s political career is defined by hating conservatives and working to defeat anyone in a primary that disagrees with the Democrat Party.
Romney’s rage and lies burst forth in this statement.
If you want American Patriot Daily to keep you up to date on any new developments in this ongoing story and the rest of the breaking news in politics, please bookmark our site, consider making us your homepage and forward our content with your friends on social media and email. | <urn:uuid:98e81b32-ee07-4e07-b41c-0b0459f162fa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.americanpatriotdaily.net/latest/all-hell-broke-loose-when-mitt-romney-crossed-one-line-with-donald-trump/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.969453 | 667 | 1.6875 | 2 |
“Loyal employees are the company’s best asset.” Richard Branson
Loyal employees have the passion for the company to do well.
They care about the clients.
They care about the team.
Yet, loyal people are often mistreated.
1) Many bosses think that loyal employees are not going anywhere because they are loyal. Therefore, they do not need a raise or a promotion. Big mistake – do not push the loyal people to the point where they no longer care.
2) These bosses assign to loyal people work that nobody else wants to do. Loyalty needs to be rewarded, not taken advantage of.
3) Loyal people tell management what management needs to hear, not necessarily what it wants to hear. Some misguided bosses punish honesty. They forget that managers who punish honesty will be eventually surrounded by people who tell them lies.
Never punish loyal people for telling the truth!
Loyalty and passion need to be cherished, protected and rewarded
So Simple But so… | <urn:uuid:d652eb64-e7cf-40ea-b635-9f23f0b7e3ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.revit.news/2019/04/leaders-who-dont-listen-will-be-eventually-surrounded-by-people-who-have-nothing-to-say-%E2%80%8B/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.949557 | 212 | 1.601563 | 2 |
It often helps considerably when identifying fungi to be able to identify the host species of that fungus. Identifying trees when their leaves are out is one thing, but many fungi are of course found when the leaves have been shed. Hence identifying trees by their twigs and buds becomes important. This on-line key (once it is ready) will help you identify the common native trees in Northern Ireland.
|1. Buds Opposite||2. Buds Alternate| | <urn:uuid:d1374632-b11c-4a32-a876-19367ddcdb16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nifg.org.uk/winter-tree-id/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.971931 | 95 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Is PROS obsolete?
One of aviation’s largest tech vendors seems to have little relevant left to say
Airline revenue management (RM) has evolved in three stages and we are now in a fourth. The first, which lasted from the 1960s to the 90s, was all about pricing. Recognising that all the seats on big jets like the 747 could not be sold at the traditional high fares, airlines introduced super savers and other discounted tickets which had to be booked in advance and could not be exchanged or refunded freely. These powerful methods are still used by many airlines today, but have been augmented by more advanced techniques.
In the second wave of RM, airlines used inventory classes to manage the number of seats that could be sold on each plane on a flight-by-flight basis. This is known in the trade as leg and segment (“leg-seg”) RM and many airlines stick with this method. In the third wave, starting in about 2000-05, airlines began to offer fares based on a passenger’s complete itinerary, or their origin-destination (“O&D”) pair.
Under O&D RM way a passenger travelling from London to Bangkok via Dubai could be offered different availability on the Bangkok flight to a passenger originating in Paris. This was a really exciting development – an airline might want to differentiate by O&D to account for different local fare levels and willingness to pay, or as part of a promotion targeting Paris but not London. This method was being introduced at Qatar Airways when I was there between 2007 and 2012 so I have seen how it is done close-up.
At the heart of both the second and third waves of RM was a company based in Houston, Texas called PROS, which I believe stands for “Pricing and Revenue Optimisation Solutions”. Their platforms are known in the industry as being mathematically rigorous but both capex and opex expensive. Unfortunately it looks like as we move into the fourth wave of RM they may also be becoming obsolete.
The key to PROS’ success in RM’s third and fourth waves was what we know in RM as the Littlewood rule, which states in effect that you should not sell a seat for a fixed price today if you can sell it for more tomorrow. PROS were the experts in telling you whether or not this was true.
They did this using historical data about what the airline and the industry had done in the past. For example if people had been buying summer holidays to Disneyland in January for the last ten years, they would buy summer holidays to Disneyland again in January this year. An airline’s analysts augment this idea within a PROS system with specific adjustments, which PROS call “influences”, to reflect specific circumstances like the economic cycle, TV series and local trends.
If it turned out that a PROS forecast was wrong, it would be corrected quickly the next time their algorithms checked bookings received against those expected, which PROS call a “Data Collection Point” (DCP).
What PROS did not do was:
1. Update the influences automatically in real time
2. Use forward looking data from non-airline sources
3. Estimate willingness to pay
4. Show you what change and refund prices or other associated ticket conditions should be.
Each of these caused problems. Manual influences require airlines to maintain a team of analysts managing the PROS system who could otherwise be employed answering other RM questions, leading to inefficient RM organisations. Because the data is historical and not forward looking the algorithms may find it hard to deal with significant shocks like COVID, leading to revenue loss. And since willingness to pay and ticket flexibility is not evaluated the risk of airlines leaving money on the table by under-pricing their fares at peak times or for high value markets could be high.
Until 2019 these costs were acceptable for most airlines in exchange for the analytical rigour underling a PROS system. But now it looks like PROS might be becoming obsolete. Their problems are twofold.
First, the historical data they rely on is unlikely to be valid for decision-making post-COVID. When you listen to people at PROS and read their website you realise that the principle of forecasting based on history is deeply wound in their DNA. I find it hard to imagine them being able to adjust their mindset to a world where history is indeed no longer valid.
Following COVID this is now the world we live in and PROS platforms seem silent on all the big questions in travel these days. Questions like:
· Will people book earlier or later than they did before?
· How will people’s booking behaviour change as borders re-open and in the years afterwards?
· What will happen to corporate travel?
· Will comfy class demand from the premium leisure segment come at a higher or a lower willingness to pay than before?
· How will business trip length of stay and sensitivity to price levels and refunds change?
The second problem that PROS will face is that there are startups and scale-ups ready to take their place in the fourth wave of RM, which is all about answering the questions that PROS do not. Airlines have shown that they will pay large amounts for technology and investors will be paying sales teams to chase these budgets right now. As I said before, when you listen to people at PROS and read their website they seem quite determined to play the same record again and again – that demand is all about history. I worry that they are complacent and not ready to change.
But the next disruptive startup could be just around the corner. If you are a PROS customer today there could be a risk that if their product is indeed obsolete they might not even be in business to service your system a few years from now.
All in, I think that it is risky for airlines to buy a PROS platform right now and would recommend caution before any deal with this vendor. It is not too late for PROS though. They are a highly capitalised business who could transform themselves for the fourth wave of RM if the willingness is there. It will be interesting to see.
oliver AT ransonpricing DOT com | <urn:uuid:e3096310-e78f-432f-ab5a-e98ce9fac4b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://revman.substack.com/p/is-pros-obsolete | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.971289 | 1,287 | 1.710938 | 2 |
<strong>Facebook Messenger tops iTunes apps amid security concerns</strong> The <em>Toronto Sun</em> reported that Facebook Messenger has topped the iTunes free app charts. The app, now mandatory for mobile Facebook users as the original Facebook app no longer supports messages, has been downloaded more than 500,000 times on Google Play, reports <em>CBC</em>. Jonathan Zdziarski, a self-proclaimed forensics researcher, hacker, and reverse engineer, otherwise known as an expert in iOS security, posted several tweets highlighting tidbits of code he found as he disassembled Facebook Messenger. One tweet, dated Sept. 9, read, “Messenger appears to have more spyware type code in it than I’ve seen in products intended specifically for enterprise surveillance.” Another, written on the same date, stated, “Messenger even gathers data on how much time you spend using it in the foreground, vs. background time.” Immediately after, Zdziarski tweeted “Messenger even gathers data on what orientation you’re holding your phone in most often.” He did address people’s concerns in a Sept. 11 tweet. “I spent a few hours looking at Messenger and found some things that rub me wrong. If you feel comfortable using it, by all means use it,” he advised users. <strong>BlackBerry asks techies to “Save the Date” for launch of BlackBerry Passport</strong> BlackBerry will launch its newest phone, the BlackBerry Passport in three cities simultaneously – Toronto, London, and Dubai – Sept. 24, the <em>National Post</em> reports. BlackBerry’s last offerings were in January 2014 with the arrival of the Z10 and Q10, the Z10 being the first phone from BlackBerry to not feature a physical keyboard. The new Passport features a square design with a 1:1 display aspect ratio. BlackBerry claims that the Passport device would be a sort of phablet (a size of device between a phone and tablet much like the Galaxy Note and iPhone6 Plus). BlackBerry aims to target the “working professional” with this new phone and cites its increased width as a pro compared to other offerings on the market. <strong>NASA accepts Boeing, SpaceX bids to build “space taxis”</strong> NASA’s dependence on Russia for shuttle rides to the International Space Station will soon end after they accepted a $4.2 billion bid from Boeing and a $2.6 billion bid from SpaceX, <em>Reuters</em> reports. Support for NASA to get an American solution has been mounting since Russia’s annexation of Crimea soured American-Russian relations. SpaceX, run by Canadian Elon Musk of Tesla Motors fame, and Boeing will transport astronauts in seven-person capsules. Kathy Leuders, manager for NASA’s Commercial Crew program, said that both Boeing and SpaceX should be ready for flights beginning in 2017. | <urn:uuid:248dd0ac-c24b-49a2-a7a3-3e2f686867a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://uwimprint.ca/article/micro-files-7/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.912562 | 614 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Art Industry News: An Iceberg Collapse at the Titanic Museum Injures Guests + Other Stories
Plus, turns out Neanderthals decorated their caves and some Steve Jobs memorabilia hits the block at affordable prices.
Art Industry News is a daily digest of the most consequential developments coming out of the art world and art market. Here’s what you need to know on this Tuesday, August 3.
Kerry James Marshall Gets the New Yorker Profile Treatment – It was only 5 years ago that the Alabama-born painter was the subject of his first major retrospective—“Mastry” opened at Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago before heading to the Met and MOCA Los Angeles. At that time, “there were still people in the art world who didn’t know who he was,” notes curator Helen Molesworth. Now, Marshall is one of the most famous living artists. “Kerry has such a whimsical, quizzical mind,” commented fellow artist Arthur Jafa. “His paintings take on the whole weight of Western civilization.” (New Yorker)
Why the September 11 Museum Needs Reform – The museum has struggled through the pandemic, fired staff, suspended its annual Tribute in Light commemoration at Ground Zero, and faced criticism for how its exhibits promote Islamophobia. According to authors Todd Fine and Asad Dandia, a new documentary, The Outsider, looks at the creation of the museum and “illuminates how its leadership made top-down decisions that condensed and weaponized the memory of September 11 into a quasi-religion that can be relied on to indefinitely fuel a vengeful American nationalism.” (Hyperallergic)
Ice Wall Injures Guests at Titanic Museum – Three people were hospitalized on Monday night when an ice wall collapsed at the Titanic Museum in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee. Located in the tourist town also known for Dollywood and other attractions, the museum is one of two Titanic attractions run by Cedar Bay Entertainment (the other is in Branson, Missouri). It features a half-scale replica of the Titanic and the enclosed “iceberg wall” that allows visitors to feel what the ice mass that wrecked the Titanic was actually like. The attraction closed briefly, and then immediately reopened on Tuesday. (WBIR)
Study Confirms Neanderthals Made Cave Art – A study published on Monday has found that it was indeed Neanderthals who painted the stalagmites in a Spanish cave 64,800 years earlier. Red pigment was either splattered or blown on the rock surfaces at Cueva de Ardales. It had previously been thought to be naturally occurring iron oxide. Though much more rudimentary than the cave art of homo sapiens, these new findings still show “the symbolic systems of some Neanderthal communities.” (Guardian)
MOVERS & SHAKERS
Serpentine Launches Artist Fellowship Program – London’s Serpentine Galleries has a new program that supports projects at the intersection of art, politics, and community practice. “Support Structures for Support Structures” includes ten inaugural artists, who each receive £10,000 to develop projects. The include Abbas Zahedi, Beverley Bennett, and Nawi Collective, among others. (ARTnews)
James Cohan Expands With Tribeca Gallery – James Cohan will open a 5,000 square foot space in Tribeca, adjacent to his 48 Walker Street location. The space will launch on October 7 with an exhibition by Gauri Gill. (Press release)
Steve Jobs Memorabilia Hitting the Auction Block—for Cheap – On August 12 at RR Auction, several items once belonging to the Apple co-founder are going for sale, including a bomber jacket he wore and his old business cards. An old job application by the Macintosh inventor (with an NFT included) just sold for over $300,000—but the items in the upcoming RR sale are all under the $1,000 estimate mark. (9 to 5 Mac)
Cruise Passengers Unhappy With Venice Boat Ban – As a ban on cruise ships entering the Venice lagoon took effect on August 1, the NYT follows the tale of Vittoria Comparone, who booked a honeymoon cruise that promised views of an approach to the famed city of canals from the deck of a giant boat. Instead, she woke up with a view of a shipyard, barbed wire, and a cooling tower in nearby Monfalcone, Italy, one of several destinations absorbing the displaced ships. “It’s not exactly as charming as Venice,” she says. (New York Times)
FOR ART’S SAKE
See the Muralist Who’s Documenting British Medal Wins in Real Time – Ben Mosley, who is on the official team of artists-in-residence for the Olympic 2021 Games, has been drawing a mural that captures each British medal win as it happens. The mural is on show in Carnaby Street in London. (Evening Standard)
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Want to stay ahead of the art world? Subscribe to our newsletter to get the breaking news, eye-opening interviews, and incisive critical takes that drive the conversation forward. | <urn:uuid:c9605475-37e9-48da-b3b9-c2fee47c69b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.artnet.com/art-world/art-industry-news-august-3-other-stories-1994741 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.949675 | 1,104 | 2.015625 | 2 |
The Miami Dolphins Team History
No pro football club in history ever advanced more quickly from the first-year dregs every expansion team faces to the ultimate achievement in its sport than the Miami Dolphins did in the six-year period between 1966 and 1972. In 1966, they began their pro football life as the ninth member of the American Football League. Six years later, Miami became the only National Football League team ever to record a perfect season.
The 1972 Miami Dolphins
The 1972 Miami Dolphins won the AFC Eastern division and AFC championships and then defeated the Washington Redskins 14-7 in Super Bowl VII to complete an unblemished 17-0-0 record. The Dolphins, who were founded by Joseph Robbie, also got off to a perfect start in the first game of their first AFL season when running back Joe Auer returned the opening kickoff for a 95-yard touchdown against the Oakland Raiders. But the Miami team returned to reality even before the end of its first game. Oakland rallied to win and the Dolphins finished their first season with a 4-10 record.
George Wilson was the Dolphins’ first coach. He finished his four-year AFL tenure after the 1969 season with a 15-39-2 record. But those were not wasted years for the Dolphins because they were steadily adding new talent — quarterback Bob Griese in 1967, running back Larry Csonka in 1968 and guard Larry Little in 1969 — that would eventually turn them into winners.
The transition from losing to winning came in just one season in 1970 when new coach Don Shula led the Dolphins to an AFC wild-card playoff berth with a 10-4 record. Miami then followed with three straight AFC championships in 1971, 1972 and 1973 and victories in Super Bowls VII and VIII. Their combined 1972-73 record was 32-2, also an all-time mark. From 1970 to 1974, their cumulative record was 65-15-1.
There is no telling what heights the Dolphins might have reached had not three of their finest stars, Csonka, Jim Kiick and Paul Warfield, defected to the rival World Football League after the 1974 season. Miami never again reached the world championship level the Dolphins attained in 1972 and 1973. But Shula, who in 1993 surpassed George Halas’ record of 324 coaching victories to become the all-time leader, kept the Dolphins among the league’s elite year after year.
The Dolphins since 1970 have won 13 AFC Eastern division championships and five AFC titles. In the 1984 season, quarterback Dan Marino threw a then-record 48 touchdown passes.
The Dolphins first playing home was the Orange Bowl in Miami. Fan support was excellent, in 1973, the Dolphins established an NFL record with 74,961 season ticket sales. But Robbie had long dreamed of his own privately-funded stadium and, on Aug. 16, 1987, he proudly unveiled a new 73,000-seat stadium. Two years later, the stadium served as the site for Super Bowl XXIII and again hosted a Super Bowl following the 1994, 2006 and 2009 seasons. | <urn:uuid:535ad179-8c35-4eef-bf7e-0e7b262dc472> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dolphinmiamistore.com/the-miami-dolphins-team-history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.969387 | 623 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Septic system additives are offered to homeowners throughout the United States, yet they do not have regulation, standard screening, and also formal accreditation. That can make it hard to understand if sewage-disposal tank additives really work, and also if you require them in all septic tank drain field layout.
To find answers, we will separate additives right into 3 categories: inorganic substances, organic solvents, as well as organic ingredients.
Sewage-disposal tank ingredients with inorganic compounds consist of strong acids as well as antacids. They are implied to unblock septic system pipes. While these chemical additives may work as advertised, we recommend you avoid them because they:
injury the bacteria that are necessary to the wastewater therapy process
reduce the effectiveness of traditional septic systems
rust and cause leaks in concrete treatment storage tanks
stop the anaerobic food digestion procedure in sewage-disposal tanks
interrupt the efficiency of second therapy systems (including the Ecoflo biofilter).
Septic tank additives with organic solvents are indicated to break down fats, oils, and oils. Once more, even though these products may work, we suggest you prevent them due to the fact that they:.
- hinder the efficiency of additional treatment systems.
- infect groundwater.
- kill the microorganisms in septic tanks.
- negatively affect the wellness of traditional septic tanks.
Organic septic system ingredients consist of yeasts, natural germs, as well as enzymes. They are suggested to improve the bacterial vegetation in septic tanks as well as drainpipe fields, control biomass, as well as reactivate inactive septic tanks.
Do I require to add microorganisms to my septic tank?
Individual dropping an organic sewage-disposal tank additive with microorganisms and also enzymes right into their commode.
Healthy and balanced septic systems currently have adequate bacteria to support the biological processes that deal with human waste and wastewater.
By adding more bacteria in the storage tank, you develop problems in which bacterial populations compete versus each other. This competitors can do even more damage than good.
Undesirable septic systems are a different story. Typically, the microbial vegetation in these systems has actually been destabilized by large amounts of harmful materials, including:.
- specific soaps.
- cleaning|cleansing} products.
When this happens, bacterial ingredients may aid you re-establish a healthy balance in your septic system. To discover if this step is right for you, call your septic tank manufacturer or ask our team of professionals.
Do I require to add septic system enzymes?
Ingredients with enzymes (also called biography enzymes) are implied to boost microbial populaces in sewage-disposal tanks. They do this by changing the framework of organic contaminants to make sure that microorganisms can eat them extra easily.
There are 2 crucial things to understand about septic system enzymes:.
They are specific.
As an example, take two common enzymes: cellulase and also protease. Cellulase breaks down only bathroom tissue and also other coarse materials. Protease breaks down only protein-based contaminants. These enzymes have no effect on various other natural impurities.
They are not alive as well as can not reproduce.
Unlike germs, enzymes need to be regularly bought and added to your septic system to preserve their desired efficiency.
Some sewage-disposal tank enzymes are offered to limit the accumulation of a residue layer. They work by enabling fats, oils, as well as oils to flow downstream right into secondary treatment systems as well as other septic tank parts.
The trouble is that fats, oils, as well as greases are not meant to move downstream. If they do, they can overload your septic system parts, harm their performance, and shorten their lifespan.
The # 1 Septic System Treatment On The Marketplace: Septifix
Each of our 55 grams tablets consists of 14 pressures of aerobic microorganisms – over 10 billion bacteria stress per gram, oxygenation as well as pH managing substances that safely and effectively improve the development of germs swarms inside your septic tank, allowing them to prosper for as much as 90 days.
That’s why if you use SEPTIFIX, your septic tank will stay clean for longer amount of times contrasted to all various other septic system treatments.
When our tablet computers get in your septic tank, they dissolve slowly releasing sodium carbonate as well as oxygen – as much as 10 liters of oxygen per tablet.
The oxygen in type of tiny bubbles disperses throughout your sewage-disposal tank, while sodium carbonate acts as a buffer on the water, bringing it to a neutral pH.
The released oxygen reacts instantly with the waste compounds that are inside your sewage-disposal tank and also minimizes, then slowly removes the scent – in simply 3 to 5 days.
At the same time, all poor anaerobic germs like e coli or salmonella which form in your septic tank along with various other unsafe disease creating microorganisms, and also can trigger numerous health problems to your household are ruined!
In the meantime, the live bacteria from our SEPTIFIX tabs feed with all the deposits that are inside your septic tank, consisting of bathroom tissue, oils, grease and soaps, leaving your storage tank clean, thus decreasing as well as in many cases, even eliminating the demand to have your septic system pumped.
Yes, a number of our clients never ever have to call the expensive pumpers once again, conserving hundreds of bucks every year!
Our SEPTIFIX tablet computers also prevent corrosion of pipelines, tubes, pumps, shutoffs, by neutralizing the acids that take place naturally in wastewater.
Plus they eliminate all obstructions that take place inside your septic tank, so you can be fret free knowing that you’ll never ever have back-ups as your septic tank is running efficiently!
SEPTIFIX have no extreme chemicals, call for no special delivery and also are non-toxic as well as 100% secure to utilize, and are manufactured in our premium center here in United States, so felt confident that you’ll get a premium high quality item!
So Why Is SEPTIFIX Method Much More Reliable Than Any Other Septic System Treatment?
– Our tablets elevate oxygen degrees throughout the quantity of water 75% greater than with hand-operated aeration, allowing the online microorganisms to flourish for approximately 90 days in your sewage-disposal tank.
As far as we know, SEPTIFIX is the only oxygen launching septic system therapy available on the American market!
– The Oxygen is released immediately – up to 10 litres of oxygen per tablet, as well as it reacts with Hydrogen Sulfides (the smells), removing all undesirable septic scents after just a few days.
– SEPTIFIX continuing to be active ingredients will certainly reduce the effects of the pH of the drainage which, when combined with high oxygen focus, leads to a perfect atmosphere for our cardio microbial pressures to grow.
– The innovation utilized inside our SEPTIFIX tabs, enables our tablets to insert within the sludge layer and also treat the whole volume of water from the bottom up, soon after they have actually dissolved. And so, ALL your septic system gets cleaned.
– Because each of our tablet computers consist of over 10 billion cardiovascular microorganisms stress (which is nearly 3 times greater than all our competitors), this ensures mass decrease in grease accumulate, sludge, blockages, and all dangerous virus – like e coli or salmonella, which can develop in your septic system and also can create several health issue to your family are destroyed!
– Additionally, all offensive smells are gotten rid of after just 3 to 5 days!
– Our SEPTIFIX tablet computers decrease, and most of the times also ELIMINATES the need to pump your septic system, allowing you to save a minimum of $300 annually!
– And also they assist you stop all possible troubles in a septic tank system.
In 2015, The Department of Health and wellness estimated that 31% of the septic system systems in US were falling short to some degree.
Which has actually been determined as the number one groundwater contamination factor in the United States.
There are three sorts of microorganisms always present in a sewage-disposal tank system.
cardiovascular bacteria, which is the excellent germs that aids break down waste.
anaerobic bacteria – they are much less efficient at breaking down solids – in fact they barely do any job inside your septic system and they are commonly carriers of disease.
Cardio germs (our germs) need oxygen to survive and that’s why lots of septic tank systems have aerators, although aerators featured a substantial price of over $10,000 for instalment, as well as a yearly electrical energy price of over $100.
Anaerobic bacteria do not require oxygen to endure and according to the new clinical study, they are a sign that pathogens like typhoid, e-coly, salmonella, and also cholera, even infections, like those that cause polio and Hepatitis A, may exist in your septic tank.
These hazardous virus from septic tanks can contaminate groundwater, and if they in some way recede right into your house or near to your yard through the drainpipe field, your household can get sick.
In 2009, 8 residences in Swan’s Island, Maine experienced a Liver disease A break out. A contaminated family members spread the virus to 8 other households.
The contamination took place due to the fact that the family members’s malfunctioning septic system diverted waste water with Hepatitis An infection in the ground. One private passed away!
Fortunately for you …
The billions of online aerobic microorganisms inside SEPTIFIX, with the help of the oxygen launched by each tablet computer, damage all these microorganisms and also viruses by reducing the effects of the drainage from your septic tank …
Keeping your family members, your neighbors as well as the environment, secure.
With the help of SEPTIFIX, your family members can enjoy your gorgeous yard with no danger. | <urn:uuid:cd905547-d9fe-438b-8d39-8c1e6b769977> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.louisiana-festivals.com/septic-tank-drain-field-layout/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.94634 | 2,168 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Central Statistical Office (CSO)
To utilize technological innovations to provide the Government, Private Sector, Local, Regional and International institutions with accurate, reliable and timely statistics.
OVERVIEW OF THE DIVISION AND MAIN RESPONSIBILITIES
The Central Statistical Office of the Ministry of Finance Grenada was established in 1960, under the Statistical Act No. 30 of 1960 and was revised under No 21 of 1961 which empower the office with the following mandate:
To take any census in Grenada;
To collect, compile, analyze, abstract and publish statistical information relating to the social, agricultural, economic, commercial, industrial and general activities and conditions of the inhabitants of Grenada;
To collaborate with Ministries and Departments of the Government, and with public bodies, in the collection, compilation, analysis and publication of statistical records of administration and Departments;
Generally to organize a coordinated scheme of social and economic statistics relating to Grenada;
To collect, whether in conjunction with a census or not, statistics relating to all or any of the matters set out above;
Ensure the confidentiality of all information provided to the Statistical Office.
The Statistical Office provides information which is used in the planning and decision making processes at the national and regional levels. We provide vital, economic and social information. The main users of statistics produced are government, businesses, regional and international organizations, researchers, schools and individuals
- Ministry of Finance
- Other Government Departments
- Private Sector Organisations
- Non-Government Organisations
- The General Public
Regional & International: - OECS Secretariat
- CARICOM Secretariat
- Eastern Caribbean Central Bank
- IMF/World Bank
- International Labour Organisation
- Other Local, Regional nad International Institutions
The Central Statistics Office comprises of six (6) sections/units each with its own mandate.
The Economic Statistics
Objective: To initiate, after consultation with users and producers, statistical inquiries into new economic indicators that may serve as background for the formulation and evaluation of government policy; and may form the basis for regular information releases by the Statistics Department.
Output: Quarterly and Annual Economic Indicators, Quarterly National Accounts and Balance of Payment Estimates, Price Indicies.
Social, Demographic Statistics and Publications
Objective: To generate social and environmental indicators for the formulation, pursuit and evaluation of the policies that government can execute for the reduction of poverty and other social ills.
Output: Vital Statistics Report, Abstract of yearly statistics
Census and Surveys
Objective: To process the Population and Housing Census results and conduct Labour Force Survey
Output: Population and Housing Census, Administrative and Labour Force survey Reports, and the Employment Index
Objective: To provide policy makers with timely, accurate and reliable trade statistics for trade negotiations, evaluation and monitoring of the economy.
Output: Annual Trade Digest Quarterly Trade Statistics
Price and Consumer Affairs
Objective: To enforce adherence to prescribe prices of Price Controlled Goods.
To educate and guide the public about their rights as consumers and
about goods and services in general.
Output: Weekly radio programs, Quarterly consumer complaints report
Objective: Manage the Department’s resources by setting yearly work objectives for staff, so as to achieve maximum output.
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
Mr. Halim Brizan, Director of Statistics
Telephone: (473) 440-1369
Fax: (473) 440-4115 | <urn:uuid:c3e961b3-aae0-4587-b5a0-d98db04d3e72> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.finance.gd/index.php/2014-05-06-18-20-13/central-statistical-office | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.867036 | 759 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Community development -- Oregon -- Portland, City planning -- Oregon -- Portland, Employment & social affairs
This study was produced primarily as a tool for policy advocacy Workforce Development members therefore much of the analysis focuses on the role that community based organizations and community development corporations play in workforce development. However, policy makers and technical assistance providers, such as the Workforce Development Board, as well as government agencies, also play a critical role in the region’s workforce development system. Although this report does not focus as much on the role of these agencies, further study is needed to offer suggestions for how these players can best coordinate their efforts with that of community based organizations to meet the needs of participating clients and employers.
Burnett, Kim; Jackson, Ray; Parrott, Britt; Ransom, Matt; and Smith, Claire, "Putting the Region to Work: an Analysis of Workforce Development Services in Multnomah and Washington Counties" (1998). Master of Urban and Regional Planning Workshop Projects. 95. | <urn:uuid:1ba05898-7386-4aab-89eb-0fce483b34b9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/usp_murp/95/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.936747 | 266 | 1.875 | 2 |
“There’s so much modern and contemporary art that isn’t shown,” the mononymous artist Damjanski said as we walked around the fifth-floor galleries of MoMA, iPhones in hand. “What if we could bring even more in?” Along with Monique Baltzer and David Lobser, Damjanski has come up with a solution to these limitations with MoMAR, an “unauthorized gallery” that lives inside the recently-reopened museum from which it derives its name.
The gallery takes the form of an iPhone app that uses augmented reality (AR) to introduce new art into MoMA by latching onto physical artwork as triggers. Initial exhibitions earlier this year featured new works layered on top of the existing paintings, offering a sort of secret secondary exhibition.
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For its third iteration, titled Open to the Public, the MoMAR curators wanted to push the boundaries of the museum further, digitally intervening into the museum’s architecture more directly. Manuel Rossner’s contribution, Reef, reconfigures the room it “sits” in. The German artist, who primarily works in virtual reality, has created a colorful cavern that expands beyond the gallery’s wall. Rather than simply replacing a painting, it cannibalizes it, and in turn considers what environments—physical or digital—might be made within the white-walled constraints of the museum. This vibrant, biomorphic intervention, which is algorithmically generated, adds a dash of play to the relatively rigid structure of the institution. One can imagine the artificial depth causing problems for the less attentive, and MoMA does officially restrict panning phones through rooms if you’re filming.
Other artworks cheekily deconstruct our relationships to how we consume (and make) images in the museum. Akihiko Taniguchi has introduced an “augmented selfie” into the gallery, where a 3D avatar of the artist floats in the iPhone’s view. The digital Taniguchi’s arm is outstretched, phone in hand. If you press your screen it will save a picture to your phone and the animated avatar will take a photo too, his virtual self capturing his face in front of a wall of Morris Hirshfield paintings.
Strokes, by the Japanese duo exonemo, is an act of artistic intervention (or vandalism). Just what it sounds like, when an iPhone is pointed at its tag (Joseph Pickett’s painting Manchester Valley) random Pollock-esque strokes of “paint” will appear on the screen, disrupting and damaging the otherwise pristinely kept MoMA and its carefully kept goods.
New York-based Erin Ko’s La Barrera diffuses glitchy fractured signs throughout the gallery—shattered emojis, 3D pyramids and bottles, all what Ko calls “floating garbage.” Black brushstrokes cover a canvas that digitally displays quickly changing insipid networked truisms: “You don’t know stress until you own a charger that only works if your phone is at a certain angle.” Is that stress? By disrupting the art on display and its vaulted home with her own internet throw up, Ko seems to point out the banality of the glut of content online and off, the constant distractions that the privileged find on their phones and in museums, in buildings and on networks developed by so much labor and producing so much waste, all of which so often is ignored. Where some smaller works hang on the wall a hole opens up, a portal beyond the museum, to nowhere real. An outside we can never reach, the hole reveals the museum as a trap.
Despite the ways these works might prod at the museum that made and continues to makes the modern canon, flouting its celebrated art and its architectural integrity, Damjanski noted that he is not anti-museum in the least. He loves coming to the MoMA, but he sees many new opportunities in and beyond traditional institutions. “Museums are so often a one-way conversation,” he pointed out. “We want to see if it could be a three- or four-way conversation instead.” By involving the user and new artists in the museum, disconnected from its official institutional and curatorial structures, a more democratic, flexible, and updatable MoMA—an augmented one—can be imagined. MoMAR also provides and proposes new ways of exhibiting net art and other creative practices that engage with emerging technology that museums, excluding certain projects such as Rhizome, have been relatively slow to keep up with—though there are some net works like JODI’s video My%Desktop in MoMA’s rehang.
Of course, to visit Open to the Public you still have to get to MoMA and pay admission or attend on a free night, which is also when MoMAR hosts its openings. To further the democratizing potential of AR exhibitions, MoMAR’s team offers up its Unity-based platform as an open-source tool so that people around the world can create their own installations and exhibitions well beyond MoMA’s rarefied walls.
Open to the Public
Viewable with the MoMAR app at MoMA, gallery 521, fifth floor
Through January 25, 2020 | <urn:uuid:44167643-c075-4b22-a5b0-ec91692b4116> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.archpaper.com/2019/12/curatorial-collective-augments-moma-momar/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.95547 | 1,111 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Travel itinerary template word. Making reservations in advance is usually a good idea, whether you’re traveling for leisure or business. In order to prepare a broad itinerary for your trip, a travel itinerary template is very beneficial. Where you will stay, how often you will travel between locations, and what your daily schedule will be are all important details. However, the element of surprise on a trip is what makes it fun. Therefore, when creating your itinerary, strike a balance between planning ahead and leaving some things up to chance. If you are running a travel business, you may consider making your own brochure using brochure template google docs.
Learn as much as you can about the location you are visiting, including hotels, points of interest, locations where you may sample local cuisine, and local transportation options. Use the internet to create lists. Make contact with any local friends you may have. Speak with previous visitors who have been there. After you have obtained all the data you require, you must arrange it.
Travel itinerary template word
You’ve put in a lot of effort the entire year while dealing with the constant stress of your work and family obligations. You deserve a vacation, and it’s time to take one. You want your vacation to be a success, whether you’re going to the Caribbean or Disneyland. The ideal getaway vacation experience is the result of numerous steps. Today, we’ll speak more about travel itinerary and also how following the template may improve, streamline, and aid in making the finest vacation ever.
Travel itinerary template
When traveling, it’s crucial to have an itinerary in place so you don’t waste time aimlessly exploring the streets of your destination. You may make the most of your time and see as many sites as you can in the time allotted by creating an itinerary. Additionally, you’ll arrange your budget and save money. Even if you might desire to see all the well-known tourist attractions, it won’t be possible. Instead, use an itinerary to explain the attractions of a vacation destination and provide additional information on the locations you’ll be visiting. Consequently, you can arrange to see the most significant ones by creating a vacation schedule. You can choose the locations you want to see on your own and have a fulfilling journey.
Simple travel itinerary
another travel itinerary template word. Your daily schedule outlines every specific aspect of how you will move around the area. The addresses and dates for each visit should also be stored there. Particularly if you’re traveling in a group, your itinerary is crucial. If you split, you can determine how to get back. People tend to remain longer in places where there are lots of activities available, which affects the activities on your daily itinerary.
Example of a trip itinerary
After you’ve carefully organized your time, you need to identify the pursuits that will occupy your time. Find the must-see attraction by doing some research. Vacation hotspots typically have well-liked attractions and rest stops. To add variety, you can also discover other, less well-known places. You must conduct study and identify locations that will add flavor to your vacation.
Free business travel itinerary template
The experience is enhanced by including images and descriptions of the places you propose to visit in your itinerary. Visualizing the locations in your imaginations and anticipating them will benefit you and others. In the event that somebody goes missing or becomes lost, they are also helpful for identifying them.
You can see how difficult it might be to create a travel itinerary. The aspects of your trip are organized by your itinerary, therefore you wish for everything to be ideal. The majority of passengers use the trip itinerary template to accomplish this. Templates are very affordable and simple to use. Simply download the template, then complete it. The travel itinerary template is indeed a crucial component of trip preparation since it helps you remember crucial details. The information you need to build your travel itinerary is already included in these pre-formatted templates.
Your travel itinerary will be of great assistance to you in making the most of your trip at this point. Make sure to include all of the leisure components, such as excursions and performances, at this point. Make sure you allot adequate time for exploration. The way you handle your time can affect the outcome of your trip. You run the danger of getting worn out and having a lackluster experience if you cram too much into a short amount of time and jump from one location, tour, and adventure to another. Therefore, when planning your activities, keep adequate time aside for some leisurely exploration. | <urn:uuid:0287be97-bcd0-432c-a670-f9723596b737> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://edutechspot.com/travel-itinerary-template-word/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.92749 | 967 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Negative Thoughts Consuming Your Mind? The G.L.A.D. Technique
Every day brings new challenges and opportunities. Many of us fall for the false belief that if the day started out badly or something messed with your confident mindset, then the rest of the day or week will bring more unhappiness. Rather than challenging the negative mindset, we let it consume our confidence. Instead of allowing these moments to crush your confidence, use this awesome technique to fight back and push yourself into a more positive place. When you take even the smallest step towards talking back to negative beliefs, you make strides in your self-confidence.
Recently, I've been teaching this technique to my groups and clients, as well as practicing it in my life. The G.L.A.D. technique helps you focus on what's going right, not what's wrong or disappointing. This techniques is an acronym for ways of finding joy and balance by paying attention to the life around you in a more positive and self-aware way. Adapted from The Mindfulness Toolbox by Donald Altman, this technique, as well as others in his book, are fantastic for making lasting changes in confidence and becoming more mindful.
The G.L.A.D. Technique
G -- One gratitude that you are thankful for today. This can mean basic gratitude for the shoes on your feet or the water that you drink, but it has to be relevant to your day. It could be about appreciating someone, a meaningful work relationship, partnership, community of friends. It could also be about yourself. The way this is most effective is to think of how it has made you feel today.
Today I am grateful for my neighbor who has an extra set of keys since I locked myself out.
L -- One new thing you learned today. This can be about yourself, something new that you learned from others or something you learned about someone you've known for a long time. It can mean learning a new fact or something from an experience. Just by being curious, it allows you to see that each day is full of new things.
After finishing more work at the coffee shop than at home, I learned that I can focus better here and will do it next time I have an assignment.
A -- One small accomplishment. We often believe that an accomplishment has to be something grand. It can be ordinary acts of self-care that you did for yourself or another. For example:
- Getting out of bed (highly underrated)
- Not skipping meals
- Taking medications or supplements
- Getting enough sleep
- Paying bills on time or finishing an assignment before it's deadline
- Making it to work on time
D -- One thing of delight that touched you today. Consider anything that made you smile, laugh, brought you joy or was pleasing to your senses. This could be noticing beautiful flowers, laughing at a funny joke or video, tasting something delicious, noticing a pleasant sensation or hearing a song that made you happy.
My morning cappuccino was adorned with a frothy heart, which made me smile.
Does the G.L.A.D. technique totally change your life? Maybe not, but it breaks up the negative and self-defeating thinking patterns by pushing you to think in a more positive mindset. Using a journal, your phone or an index card, keep track of G.L.A.D. items for the next week. See if it improves your mood and reduces your negative self-talk. Remember, try to stay in the moment and pick things that you really are glad for in that day (try and use different ones for each day).
Emily is the author of Express Yourself: A Teen Girls Guide to Speaking Up and Being Who You Are.You can visit Emily’s Guidance Girl website. You can also find her on Facebook, Google+ and Twitter.
Roberts, E. (2014, October 6). Negative Thoughts Consuming Your Mind? The G.L.A.D. Technique, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2022, August 11 from https://www.healthyplace.com/blogs/buildingselfesteem/2014/10/do-negative-thoughts-consume-your-mind-try-this-technique
Author: Emily Roberts MA, LPC
This could have been written by me. I have the same fear of anyone reading a journal. And even though I have an urge to,write, and multiple notebooks & lovely pens, I don't. And the reality is the only time anyone would likely find my journals is after my death yet I'm still not comfortable putting my real feeling on paper.
"I have a fear of judgement if someone were to read anything I’ve written. How can I accept that I’m not saying anything so different from anyone else and allow myself to be more vulnerable?"
[…] happiness while recovering from alcohol addiction. If ever I feel angry or hurt, the easiest way to overcome my negative emotions is to focus on gratitude. Without much explanation, one woman told me […]
Hi Emily. Sometimes I'm so picky about doing everything a certain way, that I get upset if I don't have my "current" (one specific) journal available when I think to jot something down. I notice you say that you jot it in multiple places. Is there any way that I can become more comfortable with just making notes any old place? And, is it ok that I'd want to go back later and put them all very neatly in order in one journal? It drives me crazy. I guess I'm more OCD than I thought. I think part of it, too, is that if it's all in one place, then I can keep it hidden. I have a fear of judgement if someone were to read anything I've written. How can I accept that I'm not saying anything so different from anyone else and allow myself to be more vulnerable? Thanks!
The first step is complete! You've asked for help and identified a situation that is challenging. I think the next step is to go a bit out of your comfort zone, by a bit I mean, try to jot several things in your phone and go back to your journal later if you feel the urge. Ask yourself why it matters if you know where your notes are? I tend to take little steps out of comfort zones in order to prove to myself that I can do it.Accept that its a habit and we all have habits. No one is perfect and you are trying. Good for you! Let us know how it goes!
It was very nice to read your article. I tried the G.L.A.D. technique it was really a great experince
This was a wonderful article to read. I have always been a glass-half-empty person and deep in my heart I know how detrimental it is to always dwell on the negative. The simple exercise of G.L.A.D. is a great one and I am adopting it into my life, beginning now. THank you for this!
I'm so excited that you like the technique. I've been working on it too. The gratitude journal is something I do either on the go in my phone or in a journal. Thanks for sharing and I look forward to hearing how you are doing.
Take Good Care, | <urn:uuid:f330af78-5bad-4f76-8ccc-78079fe0eeb4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aws.healthyplace.com/comment/68381 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.967747 | 1,526 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Lipids (fats and oils) are molecules that play different biological roles, for example acting as energy resources, structural components or signaling molecules that regulate metabolic homeostasis. Most notably, lipids have been found to be involved in mediating tissue injury, inflammation, and related non-communicable diseases, which are responsible for near 70% of all deaths in developed countries. Lipids may be chemically or enzymatically modified, including by oxidation; this alters their properties and biological functions, and may also contribute to a variety of diseases.
Lipidomics is the analysis of all lipids in a cell, tissue or organism, and Epilipidomics is defined as the study of the modified lipids described above. Both involve the use of complex protocols, various types of advanced instrumentation, and processing huge amounts of data. They are the most promising strategies for progress in the knowledge of lipids and their modifications, aiming at biomarker discovery for the prevention, early diagnosis, and monitoring of disease, as well as evaluation of therapeutics.
EpiLipidNET aims to build and maintain a multidisciplinary pan-European network of researchers, clinicians and enterprises working in the field of lipidomics and epilipidomics. This will boost a hub of research excellence, advanced knowledge and technology transfer, promote high level of training for young researchers and facilitate clinical translation. | <urn:uuid:ab2ffb1f-1572-4a20-b7d7-948cbc386e24> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.epilipid.net/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.944306 | 282 | 2.65625 | 3 |
COVID-19 and the Dental Office
Information taken from the ADA’s website mouthhealthy.org. Please visit the link below for the full article.
With so many news stories, it’s understandable to be concerned about the new coronavirus that causes COVID-19. Please know that the precautions your dentist already takes every day to prevent the spread of infection in his or her practice also helps prevent the spread of COVID-19. | <urn:uuid:758bca57-10c7-4aeb-a27e-c2586dfbd2cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scheumanndental.com/covid-19-and-the-dental-office/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.831083 | 202 | 1.703125 | 2 |
An intelligent material that learns by physically changing itself, similar to how the human brain works, could be the foundation of a completely new generation of computers. Radboud physicists working toward this so-called “quantum brain” have made an important step. They have demonstrated that they can pattern and interconnect a network of single atoms, and mimic the autonomous behaviour of neurons and synapses in a brain. They report their discovery in Nature Nanotechnology on 1 February.
Considering the growing global demand for computing capacity, more and more data centres are necessary, all of which leave an ever-expanding energy footprint. ‘It is clear that we have to find new strategies to store and process information in an energy efficient way’, says project leader Alexander Khajetoorians, Professor of Scanning Probe Microscopy at Radboud University.
‘This requires not only improvements to technology, but also fundamental research in game changing approaches. Our new idea of building a ‘quantum brain’ based on the quantum properties of materials could be the basis for a future solution for applications in artificial intelligence.’
For artificial intelligence to work, a computer needs to be able to recognise patterns in the world and learn new ones. Today’s computers do this via machine learning software that controls the storage and processing of information on a separate computer hard drive. ‘Until now, this technology, which is based on a century-old paradigm, worked sufficiently. However, in the end, it is a very energy-inefficient process’, says co-author Bert Kappen, Professor of Neural networks and machine intelligence.
The physicists at Radboud University researched whether a piece of hardware could do the same, without the need of software. They discovered that by constructing a network of cobalt atoms on black phosphorus they were able to build a material that stores and processes information in similar ways to the brain, and, even more surprisingly, adapts itself.
In 2018, Khajetoorians and collaborators showed that it is possible to store information in the state of a single cobalt atom. By applying a voltage to the atom, they could induce “firing”, where the atom shuttles between a value of 0 and 1 randomly, much like one neuron. They have now discovered a way to create tailored ensembles of these atoms, and found that the firing behaviour of these ensembles mimics the behaviour of a brain-like model used in artificial intelligence.
In addition to observing the behaviour of spiking neurons, they were able to create the smallest synapse known to date. Unknowingly, they observed that these ensembles had an inherent adaptive property: their synapses changed their behaviour depending on what input they “saw”. ‘When stimulating the material over a longer period of time with a certain voltage, we were very surprised to see that the synapses actually changed. The material adapted its reaction based on the external stimuli that it received. It learned by itself’, says Khajetoorians.
Exploring and developing the quantum brain
The researchers now plan to scale up the system and build a larger network of atoms, as well as dive into new “quantum” materials that can be used. Also, they need to understand why the atom network behaves as it does. ‘We are at a state where we can start to relate fundamental physics to concepts in biology, like memory and learning’, says Khajetoorians.
‘If we could eventually construct a real machine from this material, we would be able to build self-learning computing devices that are more energy efficient and smaller than today’s computers. Yet, only when we understand how it works – and that is still a mystery – will we be able to tune its behaviour and start developing it into a technology. It is a very exciting time.’ | <urn:uuid:5a3fc6dc-f0f8-4086-9559-d0774901685a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://clinicalnews.org/2021/02/01/the-first-steps-toward-a-quantum-brain/amp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.952658 | 815 | 3.984375 | 4 |
High-speed, high-resolution digital video recordings of swimming squid (Loligo pealei) were acquired. These recordings were used to determine very accurate swimming kinematics, body deformations and mantle cavity volume. The time-varying squid profile was digitized automatically from the acquired swimming sequences. Mantle cavity volume flow rates were determined under the assumption of axisymmetry and the condition of incompressibility. The data were then used to calculate jet velocity, jet thrust and intramantle pressure, including unsteady effects. Because of the accurate measurements of volume flow rate, the standard use of estimated discharge coefficients was avoided. Equations for jet and whole-cycle propulsive efficiency were developed, including a general equation incorporating unsteady effects. Squid were observed to eject up to 94 % of their intramantle working fluid at relatively high swimming speeds. As a result, the standard use of the so-called large-reservoir approximation in the determination of intramantle pressure by the Bernoulli equation leads to significant errors in calculating intramantle pressure from jet velocity and vice versa. The failure of this approximation in squid locomotion also implies that pressure variation throughout the mantle cannot be ignored. In addition, the unsteady terms of the Bernoulli equation and the momentum equation proved to be significant to the determination of intramantle pressure and jet thrust. Equations of propulsive efficiency derived for squid did not resemble Froude efficiency. Instead, they resembled the equation of rocket motor propulsive efficiency. The Froude equation was found to underestimate the propulsive efficiency of the jet period of the squid locomotory cycle and to overestimate whole-cycle propulsive efficiency when compared with efficiencies calculated from equations derived with the squid locomotory apparatus in mind. The equations for squid propulsive efficiency reveal that the refill period of squid plays a greater role, and the jet period a lesser role, in the low whole-cycle efficiencies predicted in squid and similar jet-propelled organisms. These findings offer new perspectives on locomotory hydrodynamics, intramantle pressure measurements and functional morphology with regard to squid and other jet-propelled organisms.
The mechanics of locomotion in the squid Loligo pealei: locomotory function and unsteady hydrodynamics of the jet and intramantle pressure
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E.J. Anderson, M.E. DeMont; The mechanics of locomotion in the squid Loligo pealei: locomotory function and unsteady hydrodynamics of the jet and intramantle pressure. J Exp Biol 15 September 2000; 203 (18): 2851–2863. doi: https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.18.2851
Download citation file: | <urn:uuid:abcbedca-8e4b-44e3-b4cc-3c768bf8255b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article-split/203/18/2851/8580/The-mechanics-of-locomotion-in-the-squid-Loligo | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.927703 | 593 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Things to see and do on a New Forest getaway
Following such a tricky time for international travel, many of us are exploring staycation options as we look to take a break from the daily grind. Fortunately, the UK has an abundance of fascinating and stunning locations to enjoy, many of which we can be guilty of overlooking in normal times, in favour of sun, beaches and foreign cities.
While we may have missed the boat for a UK beach break this year, there are still plenty of wonderful options for getaways on our doorstep, not least the spectacular New Forest.
Along with the South Downs and Dartmoor, the New Forest is among the UK’s most southerly National Parks, having been afforded the title in 2005.
Located partly in Hampshire and partly in Wiltshire, it’s made up of ancient heathland, unenclosed pastureland and forest, and was designated a royal forest by William the Conqueror, who regularly took to the land for royal hunts. In fact, the Crown still owns around 90% of the New Forest today.
The area, referred to as Nova Foresta in the Domesday Book (the only forest the book describes in detail), is unsurprisingly packed with history to uncover. The New Forest also played an important role in both World War I and World War II, with the felling of broadleaved trees and their replacement by conifers taking place to meet the wartime demand for wood.
Alongside its intriguing backstory, the New Forest’s 566 square kilometres are also home to many rare species of mammals and birds, thanks to its diverse and relatively untouched landscape.
The locals are also a friendly bunch, although you won’t get much conversation from them. The New Forest is inhabited by around 5,000 New Forest ponies, who have laid claim to the area for more than 2,000 years.
Holidays in the New Forest can be pretty much whatever you want them to be – either a back-to-nature escape, a chilled retreat away from the hustle and bustle, or even a seaside soiree -the gorgeous New Forest covers the lot. But mostly the area is ideal for outdoorsy types who love to hike, take to the water, or even cycle between quaint country pubs!
With more than 140 miles of walking trails and an extensive cycle network, it’s a wonderful place to get out and about in the great outdoors, take in some country air and experience all the beauty nature has to offer.
There are also plenty of family-friendly activities in the New Forest and nearby surrounding areas. Paultons Park – home to the UK’s only Peppa Pig World – is located in Romsey and is packed full of rides and attractions for the whole family to enjoy. Elsewhere, the New Forest Wildlife Park in Ashurst and the New Forest Reptile Centre in Lyndhurst are great options for days out with the kids. Animal lovers can also embark on a New Forest Deer Safari in Burley Park, where red deer and occasionally fallow deer can be spotted roaming in abundance.
Four larger villages make up the New Forest – Burley, Beaulieu, Brockenhurst and Lyndhurst – but there are several towns around the outskirts of the National Park itself, but still within the New Forest District, including Totton, Ringwood, Milton-on-Sea, Fordingbridge and Christchurch.
Getting there and around
The New Forest is best reached by car, which will give you plenty of freedom to explore the various towns and villages during your stay.
Equally, there are plenty of train stations dotted around the area – including at Brockenhurst in the heart of the forest – making it fairly easily accessible by public transport.
The coronavirus pandemic means that the rules around holidays and non-essential travel are constantly subject to change – please check the Gov.uk coronavirus website for the latest restrictions relating to England.
What are your favourite places to visit in the New Forest? Share your thoughts and tips below! | <urn:uuid:c58bbb51-22ef-467b-92db-545a643c756f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.holidayandtraveldirectory.co.uk/2020/11/08/things-to-see-and-do-on-a-new-forest-getaway/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.958894 | 847 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Last month, Congress responded to the harsh economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in efforts to keep financially disadvantaged Americans afloat by passing a $2 trillion stimulus package, known as the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act. The components of the stimulus package include payments to individuals, expanded unemployment coverage, student loan changes, different retirement account rules, and more. As several million people are left struggling economically due to the coronavirus, the CARES Act will serve as financial relief.
The CARES Act also will add to existing unemployment benefits, giving jobless Americans an extra $600 a week through July 31, 2020. This new law expands the list of workers eligible to receive benefits to those Americans who usually don’t qualify for unemployment benefits if their employment was affected by COVD-19. As part of the federal CARES Act, the new Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (PUA) program helps unemployed Americans who are business owners, self-employed, independent contractors, have a limited work history. Others not usually eligible for regular state UI benefits, which are out of business or services, are significantly reduced as a direct result of the pandemic. The provisions of the program once operational include up to 39 weeks of benefits starting with weeks of unemployment beginning February 2, 2020, through the week ending December 31, 2020, depending on when you became directly impacted by the pandemic. Also, there will be an additional $600 given to each PUA weekly benefit amount you may be eligible to receive, as part of the separate CARES Act Pandemic Additional Compensation program. If you are one of the million employees affected by this outbreak, you might be eligible to collect unemployment benefits to assist you during this severe economic crisis. Learn more about this stimulus law that could be helpful to you, below.
Three things job seekers and furloughed employees need to know about stimulus payments.
1. The CARES Act stimulus recipients receive an extra $600 a week.
Unemployed employees receive an extra $600 a week. Americans who are approved for unemployment insurance will earn the extra money on top of the benefits they usually get from their state. If you are unemployed and have been approved for unemployment benefits from your state’s labor department, you don’t have to do anything to receive the extra $600 per week. If you are already approved for unemployment insurance from your state’s labor department, you won’t have to do anything to receive the extra $600 per week. If you are not already enrolled and approved for benefits in your state, you must do so to be eligible under the new provisions. This benefit began on March 27, 2020, and will last until July 31, 2020. Contact your state’s labor department for state-specific information.
2. The CARES Act greatly expands existing unemployment benefits in several ways.
Additionally, under the CARES Act, more U.S. employers will be eligible for benefits through the Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (PUA) program. The following Americans could now be eligible to receive state unemployment benefits as well as the extra $600 per week:
- You have been diagnosed with COVID-19 or are experiencing symptoms of COVID-19 and are seeking a medical diagnosis.
- You are unable to work because a health care provider advised you to self-quarantine due to concerns related to COVID-19.
- A member of your household has been diagnosed with COVID-19.
- You are providing care for a family member or a member of your household who has been diagnosed with COVID-19.
- A child or other person in the household for whom you have primary caregiving responsibility is unable to attend a school, or another facility that is closed as a direct result of the COVID-19 and the school or facility care is required for you to work.
- You became the breadwinner or significant support for a household because the head of the household has died as a direct result of COVID-19.
- You have to quit your job as a direct result of COVID-19.
- Your place of employment is closed as a direct result of COVID-19.
- You were scheduled to start a job that is now unavailable as a direct result of the COVID-19 public health emergency.
- You are unable to reach the place of employment as a direct result of the COVID-19 public health emergency.
If you work as an independent contractor with reportable income, you may also qualify for PUA benefits if you are unemployed, partially employed, or unable or unavailable to work because the COVID-19 public health emergency has severely limited your ability to continue performing your usual work activities, and has thereby forcing you to stop working.
3. Unemployment benefits will be extended.
Under the CARES Act, unemployment benefits will be extended 13 weeks after benefits are exhausted in addition to the $600 provided by the federal stimulus. This extension will give Americans more time to land on their feet as they may have difficulties finding employment in the current economic climate. | <urn:uuid:e7726706-657f-43c9-9bc1-218a3ef5b42c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://resources.ehscareers.com/directory/three-facts-job-seekers-need-to-know-about-the-cares-act-article-1224.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.969148 | 1,044 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Everyone knows the Gertrude Stein quote about her hometown of Oakland: "There is no there there." Whatever it means (most likely she was talking about her return to find that her childhood house was gone) the negative connotation has attached itself to the city. Well, we have a motto for modern-day Oakland: "So there!" The city today still has its gritty (read: crime-ridden) areas but it also has a lively historic downtown area, a diverse population, the charming restaurant-and-shopping district of Rockridge and some of the priciest homes in northern California. It has popular Lake Merritt in the city center. It has far more pleasant weather than San Francisco. In all, visitors will find a great many attractions to enjoy here. (Or there.)
Jack London is another famous Oakland resident and the eponymous Jack London Square is now a thriving shopping, entertainment and residential district -- and one of the most popular destinations for tourists in the know. It has London's old Yukon cabin, brought in and reassembled and, next door, the very cool old Heinold's First and Last Chance Saloon. It also has FDR's yacht, the USS Potomac, which is open for tours. City museums worth checking out include the Oakland Museum of California and the African American Museum and Library downtown. Take the kids to the Chabot Space and Science Center, where they can view the universe through refractor and reflector telescopes, and to Children's Fairyland, where kids' literature comes to life in shows and in scenes recreated from famous children's books. The Oakland Zoo and the historic district of Preservation Park should be on your itinerary as well.
San Francisco has the reputation for world-class restaurants and, while Oakland has fewer, it has a handful that match any you'll find across the bay. For cheap, good Asian food, head to Chinatown, where you'll discover delicious Japanese and Vietnamese fare too. Piedmont Avenue is home to a number of rising culinary delights, International Boulevard has famous taco trucks that foodies and locals flock to. Rockridge has many crowded cafes and high-end restaurants as well. Stop in at Rockridge Market Hall for some of the finest grocery and deli selections anywhere in the U.S.
Craft jewelry, gourmet sweets, clothing boutiques and other trendy gems can be found in the family-friendly atmosphere along College Avenue. Rockridge is the upscale shopping area and Jack London Square also has numerous shops and boutiques to slake the shopaholic in you. For a fancy a hat, head to the Hat Guys on Broadway -- which boasts of having the largest hat collection on the West Coast. Downtown Oakland has shops and other miscellaneous stores that offer great buys.
10 Washington Street | <urn:uuid:37097877-35be-43bc-bbc7-3206bf3bd1bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nileguide.com/travel/destination/oakland | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.959119 | 577 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Weisman Consultants and tower design software reach high achievement levels in the past 25 years
August 22, 2005 - Twenty-five years ago this month, development of the first commercially available tower engineering software began and what used to take a week to do can now be accomplished in less than a minute thanks to a young enterprising Canadian engineer who kept a commitment to a long-time friend and business associate.
After eight years in tower design and analysis at Morrison, Hershfield, Burgess, and Huggins Limited (MHBH), Simon Weisman left to start a new company that would help other engineers make use of computers in their work. The intention of Weisman Consultants Inc. (WCI) was to provide finite element analysis to engineers and business related software and training to small businesses.
Soon after establishing the company, Simon was approached by a friend, Kurt Penfold, a professional engineer who worked - and still works as V.P. of Engineering - at Trylon, to write software for the analysis of guyed towers, to be run on a Radio Shack TRS Model I. Young companies bite at every opportunity, so a contract was executed which made Trylon the first licensee of what was to become GUYMAST, the first commercially available guyed tower analysis program to run on a personal computer. Simon anticipated that there would be a total of six licensees.
Six months stretches to five years
Projected delivery was to be six months. The first delivery actually took place five years after the contract was signed but the software would run on the IBM XT personal computer rather than the TRS80. The first IBM XT to be delivered in the Toronto area was purchased by Trylon and supplied to WCI along with the Microsoft FORTRAN compiler. This microcomputer had 640KB of RAM and 10MB of hard disk.
Although it took five years for Trylon to get their software delivered, it only took three years to finish GUYMAST and have it run on the Digital Vax 11/750. In those three years, the programming started on the TRS80 Model I having 48KB of RAM and three five and a quarter external floppy disks of 64KB each.
"The computer kept crashing," Simon explained, "so everything had to be done in small independent modules and the data had to be continuously stored onto and retrieve from the floppy disks. Not only was the development time consuming, but the program execution also took a lot of time."
To reduce the amount of execution time and to work within the available RAM, the team of three came up with a method of sub-structuring that allowed for smaller matrixes and the use of partial data sets. A method that proved very convenient when it came to mining the data for producing graphical output and that is still part of the software today, 22 years later.
To speed up the development process development was transferred to a Digital Vax 11/750 minicomputer that made available about 1MB of RAM (20 times the TRS80 and 1.5 times the IBM XT) and up to 3MB of internal hard disk with reel-to-reel tape for off-line storage. The program architecture developed for the TRS80 was maintained because it was anticipated that it would have to be shoehorned back onto that smaller TRS80 machine.
License cost dropped to match hardware cost
Once the first copy of GUYMAST (for the Canadian standard) was delivered, WCI set about trying to find the other six clients, but without success. At $20,000 per copy, the license fee was considered too high. It had to be dropped to a quarter of that (to match the cost of the hardware) before any further sales took place. Of course, now the six clients would not be enough, so a marketing campaign to the US began. By this time, two years later, two more packages were available, MAST, for self-supporting towers, and MASTLOD, for calculating wind and gravity loads onto towers. Also, the TIA/EIA 222 standard had been incorporated. Once the software became a significant part of the Weisman Consultants Inc. revenue stream, it had to be rolled out to Guymast Inc. to protect the asset and to make engineering once more the major business at Weisman Consultants Inc.
Among the early US clients were AT&T Network Systems and V. G. Duvall in 1988. The following year Allied Tower and ARAMCO came on board and in 1990, Central Tower Inc and Al Babtain Industries bought licenses. In 1993 Electronics Research Inc became licensees.
The best years for license sales at WCI/Guymast Inc. were between 1996 and 2001, the peak years for the growth of the wireless infrastructure and with it suppliers and consultants. WCI did more for its competitors than it did for itself. Many consulting companies would not have established or if established would not have had such great, instant success without the GUYMAST software.
Weisman Consultants Inc. itself went on to assist many companies through engineering. It has provided inspections, mapping, analysis, design, and detailing services to all the major carriers in Canada and to some significant companies in the US, including Voice of America, Central Tower, Crown Castle, Pinnacle, and SpectraSite.
ICE evaluations can green light or halt a project
The latest innovation by Weisman Consultants Inc., through a related company called International Climatic Evaluations (ICE), is to supply site-specific design values for wind and ice. These values are derived in the same way as those in the ASCE maps, but are prepared with the topographic data of the particular site and the climatic statistics for the area in question.
The required statistical analysis is performed by scientists and engineers well trained in these procedures. Engineers experienced in tower design and knowledgeable in the requirements of the standards review these in order to make sure that the results are suitable for use in the design of towers.
A number of companies have taken advantage of this service to obtain a more realistic value of design wind in order to either save money on construction or reinforcement, in case the site-specific design values are lower, or, if they are higher, to manage the risk. As a result, there is a more advantageous distribution of the materials and costs, savings that could conceivably reach tens of thousands of dollars.
With the county listings in TIA/EIA-222-G sometimes showing a range of wind speeds, this service is definitely going to help the specification writer and designer find the most appropriate value.
The report gives a different wind profile for each direction that has different topographical characteristics allowing the design engineer to advantageously tailor the design of reinforcing for an existing tower.
Simon stays active in industry associations
In addition to serving on the TIA/EIA 222-G committee, Simon is Chairman of the CSA S37 committee in Canada that looks after the Canadian standard for tower design, CAN/CSA S37 01. He also chairs the ASCE Committee on Telecommunication Facilities that has set as its goal the matching up of research money with researchers who will do fundamental research on the behavior of tower components, where there is no good guidance for analysis or design, and wind loads on complex configurations of tower appurtenances. This should be of great value to tower owners and tenants that are forced to colocate. The ASCE committee will also qualify research proposals so that they are appropriate and useful to the industry that is funding it. This group will also provide a forum for the exchange of results from the research so that the entire industry benefits. The work done this way will also have an influence on future revisions of the standards.
Simon also participates on the IASS WG4 committee on Masts and Towers, which is an international working group discussing guyed and self supporting towers and their behavior.
Weisman Consultants Inc. sees itself as the home of imaginative engineering, predominantly working in support of other tower engineers and of tower suppliers. They currently have seven tower engineers, five programmers and five support staff.
"We're proud of the assistance our firm has provided to some of the more important tower engineering and supply firms in the US, Canada, and around the world over the last 25 years," Simon said.
Although the GUYMAST-G software released earlier this month makes it possible for the designer and analyst to quickly model the tower in a number of different ways, getting the information together is no different now than it was 25 years ago…perhaps, that will be Simon's next industry challenge.
For further information contact Weisman Consultants Inc. or Guymast Inc or call 416-736-7453. | <urn:uuid:bc204f0a-11ba-41c5-97be-9eacca5a0948> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wirelessestimator.com/content/articles/?pagename=Weisman%20Consultants | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.963976 | 1,790 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Person Male Born 4/10/1832 Died 7/12/1911
Photographer. Born at Woburn, where his father was a gate-keeper to the Duke of Bedford. At the age of 18 he came to London, and was employed in the Indian Court of the Great Exhibition of 1851. His interests in photography and lithography were encouraged by Dr John Forbes Watson, and he invented a photolithographic process, which greatly reduced the cost of copying colour works. He reproduced some of Prince Albert's drawings for Queen Victoria, and was thereafter given the glorious title of 'Chromolithographer to the Queen'. Died at Jaipur, Madeira Avenue, Worthing. Ironically we can't find a photograph of him, so our picture is one of the plates he produced for George Frederic Warner's Illuminated Manuscripts in the British Museum. | <urn:uuid:30304e6e-6b24-4cbe-a9be-ea28991791ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.londonremembers.com/subjects/william-griggs?memorial_id=10103 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.974134 | 181 | 2.203125 | 2 |
During electrical work, there is always a need to measure electrical characteristics: amperage, resistance and voltage. It is convenient to carry out measurements of these values using a tester, which must be present in the arsenal of a good host. The article will consider such a device as a multimeter: which one is better to choose so that it meets the stated requirements, is easy to use and has an affordable price.
Multimeter: which one is better to choose on the basis of technical characteristics
Every owner should have a device in the house that will measure all kinds of electrical parameters. It will help detect a broken wire, find out the voltage in the battery or outlet, check the integrity of the heating element, lamps and other electrical components.
Choosing a multimeter, you should be guided by the characteristics that are needed to solve specific problems. The installer is quite enough for a simple tester to measure voltage, check the resistance and ringing the circuit. For an electrician, whose job is to maintain electrical equipment, the “current clamp” function will be useful, allowing you to measure the load while the equipment is running, without interfering with the circuit. This will prevent accidents.
Instrumentation masters will need the following functions: voltmeter, ohmmeter, ammeter, frequency meter, inductance meter and capacitance meter.
The device should not only be equipped with the necessary functions, but also be easy to use. For permanent use, you can choose a pocket digital multimeter, which is slightly larger than a conventional lighter. If the work is carried out in one place, then it is better to choose a larger device that will also transmit more accurate readings.
The choice of a multimeter comes down to the main criteria:
- device type;
- functionality of the device;
- work errors;
- design features;
- degrees of protection against dust, moisture and other influences;
- electrical safety class of the device;
All multimeters regardless of the type of device perform the same range of tasks. However, when determining which multimeter to choose, one should know and take into account all the advantages and disadvantages of a particular device model.
Testers are divided into two types:
- digital (electronic);
- analog (switch).
Electronic tester is ideal for solving household tasks. It is easy and convenient to work with him, because reading the readings displayed on the display is not difficult, as shown in the photo. Choose a digital multimeter, the price of which varies depending on the functionality of the device, it is possible in specialized stores, where various models are presented. Accurately determine the reading on an analog multimeter is more difficult, because it varies depending on the angle at which they look at the arrow.
With a needle tester, it is easier to work with a professional electrician, who must track the dynamics of changes in the electrical circuit performance. The digital multimeter has no such function. However, it has many other features that the switch multimeter is not equipped with. Depending on this price is formed. You can buy a digital multimeter, ranging from 240 rubles.
To measure indicators on a digital device, it is not necessary to observe the polarity. If the display shows a “-” in front of the number, then the tester was connected in the reverse order. On the arrow multimeter without polarity, the arrow deviates from the scale.
The battery charge of the electronic multimeter is consumed during all measurements that are true until the battery is discharged. In analog, energy is conserved when measuring voltage and current. However, the arrow starts to deviate from zero only depending on the low battery.
Helpful advice! If it is necessary to fix the dynamics of measurements, but there is no desire to work with an inconvenient scale for reading the results, you can purchase a tester with a display and an arrow.
Determining which multimeter is best to buy, reviews of which can be read on the Internet, should be guided by its functional features. After all, each new function affects the cost of the tester.
All testers are equipped with the main features:
- direct current measurement;
- AC change;
- check of alternating voltage in the network up to 700 V and constant in the circuits;
- ringing the circuit and checking the integrity of the state of the contacts;
- measurement of the resistance of conductors.
Some models of testers can be equipped with the following specific capabilities (more often it refers to digital devices):
- the ability to check semiconductor devices;
- measurement of frequency and temperature;
- capacitor capacitance measurement;
- test signal generation function;
- power off timer;
- automatic backlight display;
- automatic determination of permissible limits of measurements;
- fixation function.
One of the most important characteristics of this device is the accuracy of all measurements, which is determined in the error of the device. This indicator should be in the range of 0.025-3%. Multimeters for domestic purposes can be selected with an accuracy of 3%, and for professional purposes it is better to choose the most accurate devices. This indicator will affect how much a multimeter costs. The price of a more accurate instrument will be no less than 800 rubles, and a simpler one will cost 240 rubles.
For more accurate results, instruments can be equipped with an automatic measurement range selection function. There are models in which this can be done manually.
Another important indicator is the display width, which is characterized by the ability to display a certain number of decimal places. Depending on this, devices can be with a bit depth from 2.5 (0.01) to 6.5 (0.000001).
It is important to know! It should be borne in mind that no matter what capacity the device has, the accuracy of all measurements will depend on the error rates of the tester.
Most testers are powered by 9 V crown batteries. This type of charge is suitable for occasional use of the device. If it is used for permanent work, then a li-ion battery should be preferred.
Helpful advice! If all measurements are constantly carried out on the same workplace, then it is advisable to power the device from the mains. For this you need a voltage converter from 220 to 9 V.
The peculiarity of the device operation is influenced by its electrical safety class. Multimeters class CAT I are designed to work in networks with low voltage. CAT II testers are used in household electrical networks. CAT III devices should be used in networks inside buildings and structures. And CAT IV measuring devices are intended for outdoor distribution works.
To measure the voltage in the home outlet, set the switch to the ACV position, install the black probe in the COM connector, and the red one – V? MA. If the estimated value is unknown, the measurement should be started from the maximum value – 750 V. If “0” appears, then go to a scale with a lower voltage level. For measuring DC voltage, for example, wiring in a car, set the switch to DCV mode.
To measure the current, it is first necessary to know which current is present in the circuit and its approximate value. It is important to select the appropriate connector for the red probe.
Helpful advice! In order not to cause the device to fail, without knowing the value of the current, you should insert a red probe into connector 10 A. If after the red probe is located in the socket 10 A, a small value is displayed on the display, then you should switch the plug to connector V? mA and set the required measurement range.
The most safe for the device is to measure the voltage. Is it enough to set the rotary switch to? and make measurements. It should be remembered that the power in the circuit must be turned off, otherwise the device will show the wrong value. If the display shows “0”, move the multimeter to a lower measuring range. If the display shows one of the values, “OL”, “1” or “OVER”, this indicates overloading of the device. In this case, you must set the switch to a higher range.
Using a multimeter, you can ring the electrical circuit. To do this, turn the switch to the required position and connect the red probe to the V? MA connector. In the case of a closed circuit, the tester will beep. It should be noted that the section of the circuit that is planned to be paged must be disconnected from the power supply.
When there is a question, which multimeter to choose for the house and the car, the choice is obvious. One of the best budget testers is a DT-830B instrument made in China. A small multimeter in size, it has a set of necessary functions that the home master will need.
It is suitable for measuring the voltage in the electrical network between two points, resistance, current values. With it, you can check the integrity of the semiconductor diode, determining its voltage, ring the electrical circuit at resistance up to 5 Ohm, test the semiconductor transistor, measure the inductance and capacitance. The best multimeter for home DT-830B can be bought for 250 rubles. The device has protection against loads, and the power is supplied from the 9 kr battery.
Many beginners have a question: how to use the DT 830B multimeter? Everything is very simple, the main thing is to follow the instructions to the device, which describes in detail all the steps necessary to measure a specific physical quantity. For example, for wiring wiring in an apartment or determining a break in the network, it is necessary to measure the resistance. To do this, the rotary switch is set to the appropriate position. If the device beeps, the circuit is closed. If there is no signal, this indicates a break in the circuit or the resistance value exceeds 50 ohms.
The device is characterized by high input resistance, which indicates the high accuracy of the device. The multimeter automatically determines the limit of measurement of physical quantities. The “hold” button allows you to fix the last value received. The tester is equipped with a system for automatically shutting down the device if it has been inactive for 40 minutes. Choose a digital multimeter, the price of which is about 1200 rubles., It is for professional use.
Select the measuring device on the basis of its area of further use. If the multimeter will be used exclusively for domestic purposes, then preference should be given to conventional models. For specialized measurements, purchase a multifunctional and highly accurate instrument. | <urn:uuid:c72a9af8-dad1-4e97-a3bf-8f59fc8c09aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://conceptualhouseplans.com/communications/electrician/multimeter-which-is-better-to-choose-a-device-for-2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.917777 | 2,223 | 2.96875 | 3 |
PUBLICATION • Journal article
Valuation of oil spill risk reductions in the Arctic
In this study, data from a contingent valuation (CV) study in Lofoten, Norway, are used to assess the value of ecosystem services at risk from oil spills in the Arctic. It is investigated to which extent subjective opinion about the probability of a potential oil spill steers respondents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for reducing risk. The respondents’ preferences are analysed for ecosystem services. Finally, differences in WTP for two hypothetical spill scenarios are considered: one where measures are taken to reduce the probability of a spill and one where measures are taken to reduce the probability and impacts in the event of an accident. The findings indicate that measures should focus on alleviating the impacts of oil spills on ecosystem services generally, rather than on any specific ecosystem service. Furthermore, respondents’ perception of risk is higher than the estimated objective risk. The findings also suggest that respondents are more concerned about preventing the occurrence of oil spill accidents (usually considered to be more frequent than they actually are) compared to preventing the impacts of a spill. One policy implication is to focus more on policies that decrease the probability of spills than on policies that decrease the subsequent ecological impact.
Keywords: Arctic, ecosystem services, non-market valuation, oil spill, Risk
Noring, M., L. Hasselström, C. Håkansson, Å. Soutukorva, and Å. Gren. 2016. Valuation of oil spill risk reductions in the Arctic. Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy 5(11):298-317.REQUEST FROM AUTHOR | <urn:uuid:2eccb5ce-c478-401f-a030-fde30c980010> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beijer.kva.se/publication/valuation-of-oil-spill-risk-reductions-in-the-arctic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.914005 | 337 | 2 | 2 |
There are 500 fiction writing prompts in the book 1200 Creative Writing Prompts. These are the first fifty.
1. While at summer camp over a decade ago, five teenagers’ lives became irrevocably intertwined. Now their paths have crossed again, and they must all come to terms with what happened that summer.
2. Someone is sitting on a park bench reading a news article about a recent string of crimes. This person knows who did it.
3. As passengers disembark from a transatlantic flight, they start to experience amnesia—all of the passengers except one. The farther they go from the plane, the more severe their amnesia becomes. Will they risk forgetting everything?
4. A writer loses the ability to distinguish reality from the fantastical worlds of his or her stories.
5. The protagonist is obsessed with serial killers and decides to make a documentary film reenacting their most horrific crimes.
6. Some relationships aren’t simple enough to be classified as toxic or healthy. Writing about a complex relationship is, well, complex. Give it a shot.
7. In a country that rants and raves about freedom, the government decides that its people should not be allowed to drink liquor. Write a story set during Prohibition in the United States.
8. The setting is a festive party honoring the holiday of your choosing. Something unexpected happens, and the guests are drawn into a weekend of pranks and hijinks.
9. One kid in a big city is bored. School won’t be out for a couple of months. There are no holidays to look forward to. He or she wishes the family lived in the country. (Where do kids get these ideas?)
10. On the first day of school, two best friends discover a frightening secret about one of their new teachers.
11. Some stories rhyme. “’Twas the Night Before Christmas” is one example. Shakespeare’s plays are another. Try writing a story that is also a rhyming poem.
12. It’s a cold, rainy night. A man and woman stand beside a car outside a convenience store, arguing. One of them pulls out a gun.
13. Four friends on a nature hike discover a deep cave, complete with running water. As they go deeper and deeper into the cave, they find strange objects—human skeletons, an old computer from the early eighties, a gas mask, and strange mango-sized orbs that emit a glowing blue light.
14. What if you discovered a portal to another world? Where is the portal? How does it work? What’s on the other side?
15. Everyone is getting tired of the cold and eagerly anticipating summer. But this summer is going to bring more than sunshine and easy days at the beach because something terrifying and unimaginable is lurking in the water.
16. An elderly couple traveling through the desert spends an evening stargazing and sharing memories of their lives.
17. Write about a historical natural disaster that caused death and destruction to a small number of people and therefore never received national or international attention.
18. The protagonist is about to drift off to sleep only to be roused by the spontaneous memory of an embarrassing moment from his or her past.
19. Write a children’s story about a bird and squirrel who live together in the same tree (like The Odd Couple).
20. All the kids are looking forward to their winter break. There’s a school-sponsored ski trip, and one girl is aching to go so she can try snowboarding for the first time. | <urn:uuid:b79f60f7-caff-40aa-9548-8a5a2036f74e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wattpad.com/47523393-1200-creative-writing-prompts-fiction-writing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.942486 | 747 | 2.3125 | 2 |
M-007 Passive Solar Buildings
- 5 (Registered)
Passive Solar Buildings
The Passive Solar Buildings online PDH course is a part of the Mechanical Engineering category of courses. This course is an introduction to passive solar technology to heat buildings. It will tell you about the basic passive systems and climate considerations you need to know about. You will gain knowledge about guidelines for schematic design of passive solar buildings and will learn the foundation to move forward with passive solar design as an integral part of your building design skills.
Passive solar energy is one of the most efficient forms of energy in the world. Not only does it reduce the cost of energy for your home, company, agency or clients, it reduces the demand on limited global energy supplies and avoids carbon emissions and other global environmental impacts associated with energy production and utilization. Participants will learn about the basic systems and building features that can be used to passively heat buildings using solar energy. You will learn how to evaluate climate and solar availability to determine feasibility of cost-effective passive solar systems at specific project sites. You will gain knowledge of guidelines to use in preparing feasibility studies for passive solar projects.
Participants will receive the framework they need to take a leadership position in implementation of passive solar building design in their companies, firms and agencies. You will learn the fundamentals that will allow you to move forward design cost-effective and efficient passive solar buildings.
This course will be of interest to architectural, civil, structural, mechanical and electrical engineers; federal, state and local public works and infrastructure officials; and managers with private companies responsible for design, construction, operation and maintenance of buildings and related infrastructure.
At the end of the course, you will:
- Learn about direct gain heating systems
- Learn about radiant panel systems
- Learn about thermosiphoning air panel systems
- Learn about thermal storage walls
- Learn about sunspaces
- Learn about characteristic weather parameters
- Learn about climate and conservation measures
- Learn about solar availability
- Learn about guidelines for schematic design
- Learn how to manage the fundamental heat transfer mechanisms of conduction, convection and radiation to reduce energy consumption when heating buildings.
- Learn ways to reduce nighttime heating requirements using the heat sink principle.
- Learn how to maximize utilization of solar radiation by effective orientation of your building on its site.
- Learn why avoidance of incremental cooling load is important for reducing energy consumption. | <urn:uuid:ef5ffba1-a297-4b99-aa10-101cba31a449> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pdhstar.com/courses/m-007-passive-solar-buildings-2-pdh/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.897916 | 496 | 2.96875 | 3 |
2017.04.18 | By Gregory Nagy
Keynote address in celebration of the grand opening of The UCLA Pourdavoud Center for the Study of the Iranian World.
§1. What do you first think of when we hear the words Iranian and Greek spoken in the same breath by anyone today? I bet you would be thinking, in a vague sort of way, about the fact that Iranians and Greeks were in ancient times at war with each other. And there would be one name that would most likely come to mind before any other name. Remembering what we learn from conventional world history, as we start thinking some more about it, that one name would be of course Alexander, or, to be more specific, Alexander the Great. The ‘greatness’ of this man, as we think even more about it, is linked primarily to his military and political conquest of the Persian Empire in the fourth century before our era. But there is a disconnect in our overall thinking here. Focusing for the moment on Alexander, I have just now used the word Persian instead of the word Iranian in referring to the empire that he conquered. We are thinking Greek here, in the sense that we are following what the ancient Greeks thought about the empire that Alexander conquered. We are talking about *the* Persian Empire. If we were thinking Iranian, however, we could be talking instead about *an* Iranian empire, even if we are aware that the word Persian could somehow be used as the equivalent of Iranian in this context. Recognizing such a disconnect, I argue that we need to rethink what the ancient Greeks thought about the Iranian world—and, conversely, what the ancient Iranians thought about the Greek world. That is what I mean when I say in the title: rethinking Greek. In these brief remarks that I have prepared for a very special event celebrating the greatness of this Iranian world, I propose to do such rethinking by not neglecting to think Iranian while thinking Greek.
Iranians as Persians
§2. But why does conventional world history say Persian instead of Iranian in the context of highlighting mostly hostile encounters between Iranians and Greeks? It is partly because much of this history is based on the History of Herodotus, a Greek who lived in the fifth century before our era. And Herodotus would be talking about Persians (Persai in Greek) or Medes (Mēdoi in Greek), not about Iranians. The narrative of Herodotus centered on the wars between the Greeks and the Persians or Medes in the early fifth century before our era, highlighting the battle at Marathon in 490, the battle at Thermopylae in 480, and then the culminating sea-battle at Salamis in 480 and the land-battle at Plataea in 479.
§3. So, is the testimony of Herodotus enough to make us say Persian instead of Iranian? In asking this question, I could try to take an informal sample of opinions to be heard here, where I am speaking. If you live here in Los Angeles, you will most likely know many people who are Iranians, or you may well be Iranian yourself. So, would you say Persian instead of Iranian? I guess so. It seems that Iranians today often do prefer to call themselves Persians, not Iranians. But why? I personally think that the answer has to do for the most part with the Iranian Revolution of 1979. To say Persian is a way for modern Iranians to distance themselves from the ideologies of the revolution. Surely those people today who think of themselves as Persians are not thinking primarily about the wars between the Persians and the Greeks as narrated by Herodotus, or even about Alexander, that Greek man who conquered the ancient Persians and ruled over them? If Iranians know their own Iranian heritage well enough, they may think rather of Alexander as Iskandar, who can be viewed not as a Greek but as an Iranian king who fits into the history and prehistory of Iranian civilization. I will have more to say about this point in the analysis that follows.
After the Persian Empire
§4. After its conquest by Alexander, the Persian Empire as once ruled by an Iranian dynasty known to the Greeks as the Achaemenids gave way to a world order that was mostly non-Iranian, dominated by Greeks. But I must stress already now the fact that even the Achaemenid empire, before the conquest, had already been in many ways non-Iranian in the sense that this empire had been from the very start a multi-ethnic structure. Yes, the empire was ruled by the Achaemenids, who spoke the Iranian language that linguists today call Old Persian, but this empire included a vast variety of populations speaking non-Iranian languages, some of which were more important than others in maintaining the infrastructures of empire: I have in mind here three languages in particular: Elamite, Aramaic, and, yes, Greek. But then, after the Achaemenid empire was conquered by Alexander’s Greek-speaking military and political apparatus, what remained of the old empire became of course even less Iranian than it ever had been beforehand. From a strictly historical point of view, the influence of Greek civilization after the conquest—we can think of this influence as an ideology of Hellenism—became a dominant and in fact dominating force not only in the Greek-speaking parts of the former Persian Empire but well beyond. A prime example is the Seleucid empire, lasting from 312 to 63 BCE, but there are significant secondary examples such as the near-contemporaneous Kingdom of Bactria, viewed retrospectively as a vast outpost of Hellenism in Central Asia.
§5. In my brief presentation here, I will not have time to consider these examples any further. Nor will I have time to confront another point of view, which is more a matter of modern ideology, less a matter of ancient history, as we see it already being promoted by intellectuals of the European Enlightenment in the eighteenth century. In terms of this modernizing ideology, Alexander was imagined as a liberator of populations once oppressed by the ‘oriental despotism’, as it were, of the Achaemenids, which was in turn imagined as comparable to the oppressive kingships that were still holding sway in Europe. Suffice it for me here to mention only in passing a leading critic of such an extreme though pervasive ideological view: he is Pierre Briant, Chaire d’Histoire et civilisation du monde achéménide et de l’empire d’Alexandre (1999-2012). The title of his most recent book, published in January 2017 by Harvard University Press and translated into English by Nicholas Elliott, says it all: The First European: A History of Alexander in the Age of Empire.
Shifting away from ‘the First European’
§6. I can now start thinking Iranian in earnest as I contemplate what happened in history after the era of quasi-Hellenization as represented by the Seleucid Empire, which as we saw lasted from 312 to 63 BCE in the wake of Alexander’s victories over the Persian Empire. After the Seleucid Empire, what then follows is an era of re-Iranianization, initially represented by the Parthian Empire, lasting from 247 BCE all the way to 224 CE, which was ruled by an Iranian dynasty known as the Arsacids. This new Iranian régime of the Parthians, which is also known as the Arsacid Empire, started off as a rival of the Seleucids and ended up overcoming them and even absorbing them. Such an Arsacid Empire was in many ways a revival of the Achaemenid Empire: for example, even the exalted title of the Achaemenid rulers, Shahanshah or King of Kings, was revitalized in the Arsacid Empire. This régime then gave way to the Sasanian Empire, lasting from 224 to 651 CE, though branches of the Arsacids persisted in Armenia and elsewhere. In another project, I will be exploring the relevant role of Armenian traditions in transmitting some important aspects of Iranian civilization—especially by way of the Parthian connection, as it were. But for now I must stick to the essentials. Accordingly, I want to stop here in order to give full credit, however briefly, to the paramount significance of the Sasanian Dynasty as a world power of its time—and as an all-important continuator of Iranian civilization. And, while I am stopping to contemplate this significance, I want to give full credit also to the work of Rahim Shayegan, whose research has contributed mightily to our understanding of the civilizations represented by both the Arsacids and the Sasanians—as also of Iranian civilization in general. Let me cite here just one of his many stellar contributions: Arsacids and Sasanians: Political Ideology in Post-Hellenistic and Late Antique Persia (Cambridge University Press 2011). Also, I acknowledge my gratitude to my colleague and friend Rahim for organizing this splendid event where I serve as keynote speaker.
Strategizing a rationale for the argumentation
§7. That said, my presentation can start moving again. As I push the restart button, I find I have to ask myself… So why in the world did my friend Rahim ask me to present a keynote address about the Iranian world? As the superb Iranist that he is, he knows so much more than I about this wondrous world. In a perfect world, Rahim should be the keynote speaker. And there are many in the audience that I am addressing at this splendid event who are likewise Iranists. But here I am, standing before you as the designated keynote speaker, and I am not even an Iranist! I am a Hellenist. I specialize in studying not the ancient Iranians but the ancient Greeks, and my field of specialization makes me almost inappropriate or even unacceptable at our event here, since the ancient Greeks and their favorite leader Alexander can be held collectively responsible for putting the Achaemenid Empire out of commission! As I search for some kind of self-justification as speaker, I can come up with one plausible argument: I may be a Hellenist, yes, but I am also a comparatist. I compare structures, whether or not they are historically related to each other. UCLA has many world-renowned comparatists, including my dear friend Rahim. So I guess that Rahim as a comparatist invited me as a comparatist, expecting me to do my best in comparing things. I should add that many other UCLA comparatists besides Rahim are attending our splendid event, including our genial host, the Dean of Humanities at UCLA, David Schaberg, who has done world-class research in comparing typologically—I will explain in a minute what I mean by using this word—some aspects of ancient Chinese literary traditions with corresponding aspects in the historically unrelated literary traditions of the ancient Greeks. In referring to the comparative work of Dean Schaberg, I can speak rather knowledgeably: I had the honor of serving as one of the readers for his stellar Ph.D. dissertation in Comparative Literature, completed at Harvard University in 1996.
Applying comparative methods
§8. So, here I can loop back to where I started in my Introduction, where I spoke about Iranians and their relations with the Greeks. Given that my project is to think Iranian about the Greeks as well as think Greek about the Iranians, I can go about it as a comparatist, comparing the existing evidence about both Iranian and Greek civilization. The comparison can be historical, since Iranians and Greeks were in close contact with each other over vast stretches of historically documented time—and the contact was not even always hostile. Or the comparison can be typological where the details that are being compared are not necessarily the result of historical contact. And there is even one further level of comparison, which can be described as genealogical. By using this term I am referring to the methodologies of Indo-European linguistics. Both Iranian and Greek are branches of a language-family known to comparative linguists as Indo-European, and the shared linguistic heritage of Iranian languages and of the Greek language can yield a wealth of insights into the meanings of cognate words and even of the cognate traditions of verbal art in which these words are embedded. A master at this kind of comparative research is Rahim’s Doktor Vater at Harvard, Oktor Skjærvø, who is prominently in attendance at our splendid event.
§9. So, how shall I proceed with my exercise in comparing things Iranian with things Greek? I propose to present three sets of examples. I will start with (1) historical comparisons, where the details being compared resulted from actual contact between Iranians and Greeks; then I will continue with (2) typological comparisons, where the details being compared do not necessarily depend on any historical contact; and then I will end with (3) a genealogical comparison, where the Iranian languages and the Greek language have both inherited a detail that proves to be of some interest. In the last case, I know for a fact that the detail I will highlight is of particular interest to my dear friend Oktor Skjærvø.
Examples of historical comparison
§10. I start with a comparison that centers on the Iranian reception of the conquests achieved in Iran by the Greek man Alexander. We are dealing here with a historical comparison, since these conquests can of course be verified as historical fact. And Greek thinking reflects this fact, albeit imperfectly. But Iranian thinking forces a rethinking. In terms of the Iranian reception, which can be analyzed as a historical fact in its own right, Alexander the son of Philip of Macedon is transformed into Iskandar the son of Dāryush, viewed not as a Greek but as an Iranian king who fits into the history and prehistory of Iranian civilization. To say that Alexander was really born Iranian is of course not a historical fact, but the long-term Iranian tradition that figures him as a son of Darius, not Philip, is indeed a fact of reception, which is a genuine historical fact. This historical fact of reception is most clearly visible in the Shahnama or Book of Kings composed at the end of the 10th century of our era by Ferdowsi, whose name means ‘man of paradise’ and whom Iranians today justly consider to be the ultimate poet of Iranian civilization. In the exalted poetry of Ferdowsi, Iskandar is the conqueror of the world, yes, but he is not really the conqueror of the Iranians. His primary deed is not even his conquest of the whole world but rather his quest to find a grand meaning for his conquests, without specific reference to the Greek view of Alexander as conqueror of the Persian Empire. In this regard, I am strongly influenced by the article of Olga M. Davidson (2010), “The Burden of Mortality: Alexander and the Dead in Persian Epic and Beyond.” The full reference can be found in the Bibliography.
§11. Next, I proceed to a comparison that centers on three different receptions of an earlier historical event involving Greeks and Persians. The event was the sea battle at Salamis in 480 BCE involving (A) on one side, the Phoenician and the Ionian navies of the Persian Empire, and (B) on the other side, navies financed mainly by the Greek cities of Athens and Aegina—navies that were manned by the citizens of these cities. Two of the three receptions survive, and both of these receptions represent the viewpoints of Greek cities that were fighting against the Persian Empire. But we have surviving traces of a third reception as well, representing the viewpoint of the Persian Empire. I will briefly analyze the three different receptions one by one.
§11.1. The first of the three receptions that I propose to analyze survives in a tragedy composed and directed by a state poet of Athens, Aeschylus son of Euphorion. It is The Persians, produced in the year 472 BCE and sponsored by the most prominent politician of Athens at the time, Pericles himself (IG II2 2318.10). This tragedy dramatizes the sea battle of Salamis and simplistically represents the Athenians as the winners and the Persians as the losers. Represented here as the major loser is the king of the Persian Empire, known as Xerxes to the Greeks and as Xšaya-ṛšā to the Persians.
§11.2. The second of the three receptions I posited comes from a later source, namely, the History of Herodotus, who as I already indicated lived in the fifth century before our era. The actual date for his making public the written record of his History is unknown, but we can safely say that the definitive writing-down of his text must postdate the sea battle of Salamis by at least half a century. The narrative of Herodotus, as I argue in greater detail in a project yet to be published, signals a far more complicated situation in comparison with the narrative of Aeschylus. For one thing, the drama of Aeschylus pictures the sea battle as a neatly binary struggle between a Greek navy represented almost exclusively by Athenians and what seems to be a non-Greek navy fighting for the Persian Empire. What gets mostly elided in the poetry of Aeschylus is the historical fact that there was no such binarism in the naval battle of Salamis as it really took place. What really happened at Salamis in 480 BCE can best be reconstructed from the History of Herodotus. From his narrative, we see the emergence of two historical facts about the sea battle, both of which I have already noted in passing: (A) the main forces that were fighting on the side of the Persian Empire were the navy of the Phoenicians and the navy of the Ionians, and (B) the main forces that were fighting on the other side were not only the navy of the Athenians but also the navy of the Aeginetans. I have no time here to speak about the second of these facts, except to say that Athens in 480 BCE was not yet the only dominant naval power in the Aegean Sea. As I show in another project (Nagy 2011), Athens in this historical period had two serious rivals in competing for military and commercial domination of the Aegean: one was the island state of Aegina, which controlled an enormous fleet of its own, and the other was the Persian Empire itself, which had under its control the naval might of both Phoenicia and Ionia.
§11.3. Which brings me to the third of the three receptions of historical facts surrounding the naval battle of Salamis. This third reception, as I already indicated, represents the viewpoint of the Persian Empire, and now we will see that this viewpoint can actually be reconstructed from the narrative of Herodotus himself about the naval battle. Although the Persian side of the story does not survive as a text, we can picture the look and feel of such a text on the basis of the description given by Herodotus. As we read in his History, there was an alternative history in the making, initiated by Xerxes himself as supreme ruler of the Persian Empire. As I interpret what Herodotus reports, Xerxes wanted his own side of the story to be written down for posterity. This way, there would be raw material for a history that recorded the victory he was expecting as the logical outcome of the naval battle at Salamis. As we read in Herodotus (8.90), Xerxes commissioned scribes to write up the basic facts about whomever he observed to be ‘performing a deed [ergon] worthy of recording’ while fighting on the side of the Persian Empire in the sea battle. Here is the wording for this act of ‘writing up’: καὶ οἱ γραμματισταὶ ἀνέγραφον πατρόθεν τὸν τριήραρχον καὶ τὴν πόλιν ‘and the scribes would write up who was the captain of the ship and what was his father’s name and where was the city he came from’. What I translated a moment earlier as ‘performing something that is worthy of recording’ is conveyed by the verb apo-deiknusthai, ἀποδεικνύμενον, which is a word that Herodotus uses elsewhere in contexts where someone is performing a deed that is worthy of recording by Herodotus himself (Nagy 1990:220–221). If the side that was fighting for the Persian Empire had won, I argue, there would have been an alternative history glorifying the victory, naming names and giving other such details about those who could claim credit for success. The would-be reality of such an evolving history could then be seen as an alternative to the reality of the History by Herodotus, which glorified the victory of the Athenian and the Aeginetan navies. In a project yet to be published, I intend to elaborate further on the argument I am making here, adding further details. But here I will already highlight a point that I consider to be all-important for my overall argumentation. And the point is simply this: those who were to be glorified in the would-be history commissioned by Xerxes, as we see from the overall narrative of Herodotus, were Ionians. They were not Persians. They were not even Phoenicians.
§11.3.1. With this point in mind, I can now confront here a most important overall fact of history: Ionians were Greeks. Yes, they were Greeks just as the Athenians were Greeks. But, unlike the Athenians on the west side of the Aegean Sea, who were European Greeks or Hellēnes ‘Hellenes’—which is what they called themselves—the Ionians on the east side of the Aegean were Asiatic Greeks. They were one of three major branches of Greek-speaking people inhabiting the coastland of Asia Minor and the outlying islands facing the coastland. And this vast space that they inhabited was all under the control of the multi-ethnic Persian Empire. The Ionians inhabited the central part of this Greek-speaking space, while the Aeolians and Dorians of Asia Minor inhabited respectively the northern and southern parts.
§11.3.2. These Ionians and Aeolians and Dorians did not think of themselves as Hellēnes ‘Hellenes’. No, these Asiatic Greeks called themselves simply Iōnes ‘Ionians’ and Aioleis ‘Aeolians’ and Dōrieis ‘Dorians’. And, of these three subdivisions of Asiatic Greeks—Ionians, Aeolians, Dorians—the most important were the Ionians. In the multi-ethnic empire dominated by the Persians, the Ionians became the Greeks par excellence, and that is why the word for ‘Greek’ remains to this day yunān in the Persian language—as also of course in the Arabic language.
§11.3.3. In earlier publications (for example, Nagy 2014), I have already made a related argument: that Herodotus, when he refers to ‘the logioi of the Persians’ at the beginning of his History (Περσέων … οἱ λόγιοι 1.1.1), has in mind Ionian authors of history—I interpret the meaning of logioi in this context as ‘masters of prose’. Such Ionians authors, in terms of my argumentation, were meant to glorify the Persian Empire as the benefactor of their own Ionian civilization, which was part of the overall multiethnic civilization dominated by the Persians.
§12. If I had more time here, I would speak also about the support demonstrated by Xerxes for that ultimate expression of Ionian verbal art, which was the poetry attributed to Homer. Such support was doubtless motivated by the ambition of Xerxes to be the true representative of the Greek heroic past as mediated by Homer. On this subject, I have much more to say in my earlier publications (Nagy 1990:172–174; Nagy 2010|2009:131–132, 180, 194, 347–350; see also Haubold 2004:27–28; also Haubold 2007).
Examples of typological comparison
§13. Unlike historical comparison, as I already noted, typological comparison does not need to establish any historical or genealogical connection with the things that are being compared. I have over the years collected a number of examples where things Iranian are comparable with things Greek—even if they originally had nothing to do with each other. Since I do not have time here to review the facts and the argumentation about the facts, I promise to keep things as brief as possible by simply listing five of my most favorite examples of such typological comparanda. And here is something most remarkable about these five examples: each one of them involves comparisons that were already made in the ancient world between Iranian and Greek institutions. What follows, then, are the five examples:
1. The so called ‘Debate of the Constitutions’, as dramatized in Scroll 3 of Herodotus. The question here is whether the political thinking of ancient Persians as described here was relevant to three forms of government as conventionally described in ancient Greek traditions: monarchy, oligarchy, democracy (Herodotus 3.80–87). For more on this question, I recommend the article of Sissa 2012, listed in the Bibliography. For further background, see Nagy 1990:181–192, 265–266.
2. The so-called Odeum of Pericles, as described in the Life of Pericles by Plutarch. The question here is: how accurate is the analogy between the Odeum and the Royal Tent of Xerxes, captured by the Athenians after their victory in the naval battle of Salamis (Pericles 13.9–11)? I address the question in Nagy 2009|2008 4§§174–175, §§177–180.
3. The education of Cyrus the Great, as dramatized in a work of Xenophon known by a latinized title referring to such an education, Cyropaedia. The question here is: can we say that the values of leadership as figured in this work by Xenophon are really grounded in Iranian traditions? On this question, I recommend Sandridge 2012.
4. The amorous encounters of Alcibiades with Tissaphernes the Satrap of Lydia and Caria, as described in the Life of Alcibiades by Plutarch. The question here is: did the enamored Persian satrap actually create a paradeisos for the charismatic Hellene (Alcibiades 24.7)?
5. The references in the Derveni Papyrus to mages as performers of ritual. The question here is: why would ancient Greeks use an Iranian word magoi, which I translate here neutrally as ‘mages’, in referring to such performers? For background on this question, I recommend the article of Bernabé 2014, listed in the Bibliography.
§14. As I reached the fifth of these five examples showing typological comparisons having to do with things Iranian and Greek, I decided that I could not resist breaking my promise about doing nothing more that listing the examples. In the case of the fifth example, I feel compelled to say at least somewhat more, though I hardly have time to say too much more. First, a point of general information about the Derveni Papyrus… We see here a chronologically multilayered text: the sayings attributed to Orpheus as quoted by the text are evidently earlier than the discourse of the so-called commentator, which can be dated to somewhere around the late fifth century BCE, while the written copy of the text can be dated around a century later. Second, a point of specific interest… It has to do with a reference made in the text, at what is currently classified as Column VI, to rituals of incantation performed by magoi ‘mages’ as models for mustai who are ‘initiates’ into mystical rituals. For background, I recommend once more the article of Bernabé 2014. Much more research needs to be done about the connection of this word to the Iranian word maguš as attested in the Old Persian text of the Bisotun Inscription, dated to the second-to-last decade of the sixth century BCE, with reference to a man named Gaumāta, demonized as a false king or would-be king. But this word is surely connected to the use of the word magos (μάγος) in Scroll 3 of Herodotus with reference to a man named Smerdis, likewise demonized as a false king or would-be king. A major advance in understanding the connection, I should note, is a 2012 book by my friend Rahim Shayegan. I will confine myself here to adding one further note: Herodotus (1.132) speaks of the role of a priest called a magos in singing a theogony (θεογονίη) as an incantation that is necessary for the ritual of sacrifice.
§15. Which brings me to the ultimate mage, Zoroaster himself, a mystical figure who utters words of incantation that I cite here as an ideal example of the kind of comparison that I described as genealogical.
An example of genealogical comparisons
§16. The point of comparison here is elegant in its simplicity. I am comparing the Homeric word eukto in the sense of ‘he prayed’ with the Avestan word aoxta in the sense of ‘he spoke’—that is, ‘spoke prayerfully’ (Muellner 1976). And here I conjure a work of Friedrich Nietzsche, Also sprach Zarathustra: Ein Buch für Alle und Keinen, composed in four parts between 1883 and 1885 and published between 1883 and 1891. In this work, Nietzsche speaks as if he were Zoroaster, credited in world history as the founder of a system of thinking generally known as Zoroastrianism. But there is a prehistory to be noted here: in the course of his earlier experimentations with his speaking role as Zoroaster in Also sprach Zarathustra, Nietzsche had at one point been tempted to figure the ancient Greek thinker Empedocles and not the Iranian seer Zoroaster as his speaker. His ultimate choice of Zoroaster—a decision that I could playfully describe here as a victory of Iranian over Hellenic models—was influenced by the publication of the Avesta in the 50-volume Sacred Books of the East series, at the initiative of Friedrich Max Müller (starting with volume 4 part 1, Oxford University Press 1880). In the Avesta, at Yasna 9.16 we find this most memorable phrase: āat̰ aoxta zaraθuštrō ‘also sprach Zarathuštra’ or ‘thus spoke Zarathuštra’, introducing the words of prayer spoken by Zoroaster to the god Ahuramazdā. Here we see the foundational inspiration for the words used by Nietzsche as the title of his book Also sprach Zarathustra—which in turn inspired a tone poem composed by Richard Strauss in 1896, featuring the same title Also sprach Zarathustra (Op. 30).
§17. I end by noting that I started the keynote lecture by screening the opening vision in Stanley Kubrick’s 2001: A Space Odyssey, made in 1968. The film opens with the opening of Also sprach Zarathustra (Op. 30) by Richard Strauss. Just as Strauss has done Nietzsche proud, maybe Kubrick has done Strauss proud as well. And maybe all of them have done Zoroaster proud.
Bernabé, A. 2014. “On the Rites Described and Commented Upon in the Derveni Papyrus, Columns I–VI.” Poetry as Initiation: The Center for Hellenic Studies Symposium on the Derveni Papyrus (ed. I. Papadopoulou and L. Muellner) 19–52. Hellenic Studies 63. Cambridge, MA, and Washington, DC.
Briant, P. 2017. The First European: A History of Alexander in the Age of Empire (tr. N. Elliott). Cambridge.
Davidson, O. M. 2010. “The Burden of Mortality: Alexander and the Dead in Persian Epic and Beyond,” Epic and History (ed. D. Konstan and K. Raaflaub) 212–222. Malden, MA / Oxford.
Haubold, J. 2004. “Serse, Onomacrito e la ricezione di Omero.” Momenti della ricezione omerica (ed. G. Zanetto et al.) 19–35. Quaderni di Acme 67. Milan.
Haubold, J. 2007. “Xerxes’s Homer.” Cultural Responses to the Persian Wars: Antiquity to the Third Millennium (ed. E. Bridges, E. Hall, and P. J. Rhodes) 47–63. Oxford.
Muellner, L. 1976. The meaning of Homeric EYXOMAI through its formulas. Innsbruck. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebook:CHS_MuellnerL.The_Meaning_of_Homeric_eukhomai.1976.
Nagy, G. 1990. Pindar’s Homer: The Lyric Possession of an Epic Past. Baltimore. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebook:CHS_Nagy.Pindars_Homer.1990.
Nagy, G. 2009|2008. Homer the Classic. Printed | Online version. Hellenic Studies 36. Cambridge, MA and Washington, DC. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebook:CHS_Nagy.Homer_the_Classic.2008.
Nagy, G. 2010|2009. Homer the Preclassic. Printed | Online version. Berkeley and Los Angeles. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebook:CHS_Nagy.Homer_the_Preclassic.2009.
Nagy, G. 2011. “A Second Look at the Poetics of Reenactment in Ode 13 of Bacchylides.” Archaic and Classical Choral Song: Performance, Politics and Dissemination (ed. L. Athanassaki and E. L. Bowie) 173–206. Berlin. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hlnc.essay:Nagy.A_Second_Look_at_the_Poetics_of_Re-Enactment.2011.
Nagy, G. 2014. “Herodotus and the Logioi of the Persians.” No Tapping around Philology: A Festschrift in Honor of Wheeler McIntosh Thackston Jr.’s 70th Birthday (ed. A. Korangy and D. J. Sheffield) 185–191. Wiesbaden. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hlnc.essay:Nagy.Herodotus_and_the_Logioi_of_the_Persians.2014.
Sandridge, N. B. 2012. Loving Humanity, Learning, and Being Honored: The Foundations of Leadership in Xenophon’s Education of Cyrus. Hellenic Studies Series 55. Cambridge, MA, and Washington, DC.
Schmitt, R. 2011. “XERXES i. The Name,” Encyclopædia Iranica. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/xerxes-1-name.
Shayegan, M. R. 2011. Arsacids and Sasanians: Political Ideology in Post-Hellenistic and Late Antique Persia. Cambridge.
Shayegan, M. R. 2012. Aspects of History and Epic in Ancient Iran: From Gaumāta to Wahnām. Hellenic Studies 52. Cambridge, MA and Washington, DC.
Sissa, G. 2012. “Democracy: A Persian Invention?” Mètis: Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens 10:227–261. I thank Sarah Morris for alerting me to this article. | <urn:uuid:4a0528dc-0b3b-4644-87a6-71c59050590d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://classical-inquiries.chs.harvard.edu/thinking-iranian-rethinking-greek/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.954769 | 7,837 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Insurance is a way of protection against financial loss. It’s a form of adverse risk management, mainly utilized to mitigate the inherent risk of an uncertain or contingent monetary event. This sort of risk involves the transfer of some sort of obligation or risk from one entity to another, based on the potentiality of that obligation or risk. In case you have heard the expression, “where there is smoke, there is fire,” insurance is at work in just that same way. Insurance functions much like smoke and fire; it keeps you, your property, and your loved ones safe from the potentially harmful effects of harmful elements.
The basic function of insurance is to protect the insured party from the risks it may encounter. In many ways, this can be interpreted as the opposite of hazard-tolerance. If you are a very cautious person who doesn’t mind paying a bit more for protection against harm, then you will most likely not be interested in paying very high premiums for insurance policies. On the other hand, if you are willing to pay a bit more for protection against uncertain events, then you are more likely to value the premium you pay to the insurer.
The premium you pay, essentially, is the premium the insurance company charges you for the amount of financial protection you receive. The insurer will assess how risky a situation is for you and calculate the amount of money it takes to protect you against that risk. The insurer will then determine your policy limit – the maximum amount it will charge on your policy.
The policy limit is typically based on several factors. One such factor is your age. The older you are when you sign up for a life insurance policy, the higher your policy limit will be. The younger you are, generally speaking, the lower your premium will be.
Insurance companies typically offer discounts to people who have a good credit rating as well. If you have a low credit rating, or if you do not maintain good credit records, you may find that the insurance policy you are being offered is very high. The reason for this is because the insurance company assumes that you are more likely to default on your obligations. They see you as a higher risk, and they calculate your premium accordingly. People who want to insure their spouse can also often save money by including the spouse in the policy. This allows both the insured and the spouse to be protected from unforeseen circumstances that may otherwise affect each party individually.
In addition to your premium, insurance companies may also penalize you for having an unsafe vehicle. In many cases, the premium you are charged for your car insurance will be higher than it would be for a more expensive vehicle. Many insurers may also consider your driving history and age when deciding how much to charge you for your insurance policy. Younger drivers and inexperienced drivers are more likely to have accidents. You are likely to pay higher insurance premiums if you have a bad driving record or if you have a previous accident or citation. | <urn:uuid:1a57e856-e43c-4606-88d3-b617a2c22fa3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://plannerwealth.org/what-to-consider-when-you-are-in-the-market-for-auto-insurance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.96708 | 597 | 2.90625 | 3 |
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Non-judicial foreclosure and judicial foreclosure are different in a number of ways. The most important contrast is that while the former can't proceed without going through court, the latter can occur without the court's involvement. Non-judicial foreclosures happen quicker and are harder to challenge. Home owners who are facing a foreclosure need to understand what kind of foreclosure it is before they can attempt to counter it.
Foreclosures and Home Financing
The foreclosure processes vary from state to state, but they mostly depend on what type of home financing is involved. Home financing falls into two types: deeds of trust and mortgages. If the lender used a mortgage to buy property, the disclosure will be judicial. If the lender used the deeds of trust, it will be non-judicial.
Judicial vs Non-Judicial
If the mortgage is judicial, the mortgage lender must prove to the state court that the foreclosure was legal and justified. The home owner has a right to challenge the lender in court, but most home owners either aren't aware of that or feel like they don't stand a chance of winning. Because of this, the court usually decides in lender's favor and foreclosure proceeds without interruption.
If the mortgage is non-judicial, the trustee has the right to begin foreclosure at his or her discretion, without court approval. The home owner still has a right to challenge the foreclosure, but he must make his own case, which is harder to do successfully and more expensive.
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- Short Selling a Rental Property | <urn:uuid:173f68e8-06ab-458d-b625-9da08f74d4d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mortgage101.com/article/judicial-vs-non-judicial-foreclosure/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.945043 | 458 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Understanding CMMC Requirements is critical for businesses of all sizes in the defense industry. This need is becoming more urgent as final release of CMMC 2.0 is expected to occur in 2023. Failure to achieve an appropriate level of Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification in a timely manner may impede an organization’s ability to participate in Department of Defense (DoD) contracts.
The Importance of Establishing a Standard for Basic Cyber Hygiene
The defense industry supply chain is reliant on the flow of data through a vast number of networks both within and across multiple manufacturer’s systems. Securing this data is essential for maintaining national security. The rapid increase in cyber-espionage aimed at the industrial sector places this data at an increased risk. While a number of cybersecurity approaches exist in the industrial sector, most are not appropriate or adequate for the protection of controlled and uncontrolled defense information.
CMMC 2.0 has been developed as a means of implementing a risk based management approach with baseline requirements that are adaptive to changing cyber threats. It also includes a certification process to ensure that organizations DoD contractors comply with CMMC. This will allow for the integration of companies of all sizes and at all levels to maintain the resiliency and integrity of the defense manufacturing supply chain.
CMMC Levels of Compliance
As opposed to CMMC 1.0, CMMC 2.0 has three different levels of CMMC compliance. While Level 3 compliance is reserved for programs that the DoD considers of high priority, Level 1 and 2 determinations are based on the type of information an organization is using, Federal Contract Information (FCI) or Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI).
As defined in 48 CFR 52.204-21, FCI refers to information provided or generated by the U.S. government that is not intended for public release. This information is generally created in the development of a contract for a product or service.
CUI as defined in 32 CFR 2002.4, is information that the U.S. government creates or possesses, or any information created for the Government, that is controlled by a law or regulation. The CUI definition does not include classified information. It would therefore include, unclassified information that falls under the jurisdiction of the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) or the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).
CMMC Level Requirements
- Level 1 (Foundational) applies to organizations that deal solely with FCI. Level 1 requirements for cybersecurity are based on requirements detailed in FAR 52.204-21. These 17 controls protect contractor information systems by limiting their access to authorized users.
- Level 2 (Advanced) applies to organizations that work with CUI. Level 2 requirements include the 14 levels and 110 controls contained in NIST 800-171.
- Level 3 (Expert) applies to organizations working on high priority projects critical to U.S. national security. Level 3 will include the controls for Level 2 along with additional controls that have yet to be announced. These controls will be designed to reduce the risk from Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs).
CVG Strategy’s Experience and Commitment
CVG Strategy is committed to the goals of CMMC in securing our defense manufacturing supply chain’s information secure. As industry leaders in cybersecurity, ITAR, and risk based management systems. We have experience with companies of all sizes and understand the importance of innovating flexible approaches to meeting the requirements CMMC, establishing effective programs, and achieving certification.
Many organizations find it beneficial to integrate CMMC requirements into an Information Security Management System (ISMS) such as ISO 27001. The basis of ISO 27001 requires ongoing risk assessment and asset management.
It requires information security incident management to anticipate and respond to information security breaches. It requires a regular and systematic internal audit to review that management. ISO 27001 also requires the implementation of training and awareness throughout the organization to create a code of practice.
An ISO Information Security Management System (ISMS) is a comprehensive approach to keep confidential corporate information secure. It encompasses people, processes and IT systems and helps your business coordinate your security efforts consistently and cost effectively. | <urn:uuid:8a3d88b5-36cb-4c07-aa39-489beae5ed4e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cvgstrategy.com/2022/05/19/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.927954 | 847 | 1.742188 | 2 |
“We hope our cries will attract attention”
African Arguments spoke to vulnerable people around Nigeria. They plead for government to help them get food and medication during lockdown.
For Hadiza Musa, 37, fending for her family each week was a struggle before the coronavirus. Since she lost her husband to an HIV-related illness in 2015, she has had to raise her three children in Nigeria’s city of Kaduna alone.
Now, things are even tougher. Lockdown measures have been in place in Nigerian cities since late March, forcing many businesses to close and transport to stop. Musa has lost her job and cannot get to the pharmacy to top up her HIV medication.
“Our situation is terrible,” she says. “We are not eating. There is no food. I usually cry, then I clean my tears. One of my children is on a medication that requires him to eat, but we don’t eat so how can he take the medication?”
In Nigeria, 1,532 people have confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 44 have died. But tens of millions have been affected by the response to the pandemic. For vulnerable Nigerians already on the fringes, the pandemic has thrust them even further towards the edge.
The government has announced some measures to help poor communities, but few people feel they can rely on the state. They are finding ways to support each another.
For Musa, that aid has come in the form of Aisha Usman for the past two weeks. Through her religious network, Usman has been delivering food and medication to HIV-positive widows in Kaduna. The calls for help have been overwhelming.
“Many of them cannot get their medication now as many pharmacies are closed,” she says.
Not everyone, however, has been as fortunate to find help from local support groups. Ibrahim Maryam, who works in Kano state for local NGO Transparency and Development Information Initiative, lost two family members to malaria over the weekend.
“I just came back from the burial of two family members who died on Saturday,” he says. “It is painful. Both of them were suffering from malaria but they could not get their medication.”
“Coronavirus is deadly, but we have to get this information out that more people are dying of hypertension, diabetes, pneumonia, malaria here,” he continues. “Some doctors have stopped working owing to fear and some chemists are shut.”
We’ve got nothing from the government
The federal government says it has sent resources to Nigeria’s 36 states to support poor people. However, many people in difficult situations have not benefited from the scheme. According to Usman, one problem is that the register used to identify those in need is deeply inadequate.
“There are very poor people who have not received anything from the government,” she says. Contacted by African Arguments, the spokesperson from the Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs, Disaster Management and Social Development said each state government is responsible for organising the distribution of food and cash transfers in its locality.
In some cities, such as Lagos, local councils have gone to communities to hand out food directly with mixed results. When Asabi Sani, 29, heard this was happening near her home in Ajegunle, a neighbourhood known for its crowded homes and poor living conditions, she rushed out. By the time she got there, however, some people had overrun the site and seized the remaining supplies. “The police had to fire teargas to disperse the crowd,” she says.
This put Sani, a single mother who has lost her job, in a tough spot. “I have some food at home but I am worried that I will soon run out of supply if the lockdown continues,” she says. Increasingly anxious, she has started cutting down the family’s meals. “My five-year-old son is not happy with the rationing. He cries for more food. When his cries upset me, I spank him,” she says.
Abibat Abiola, a widow in Lagos, has resorted to borrowing from family members since she too lost her job. This has kept her afloat so far, but she says it will be unsustainable if the government does not ensure support reaches those who need it.
“I want the government to monitor the process of sharing the palliatives as those who are supposed to share the food are hoarding it,” she says. “They can also pay poor people directly using their bank accounts.”
In Kano state, Aminu Tundun-Wada also urges his state government to quickly improve its provision of help. He is the vice-chair of his state’s chapter of the Joint National Association of Persons with Disabilities. According to his data, people with disabilities in just 3 of 44 local government areas in Kano have received any support thus far.
“Please help us get this information out as our members in the other 41 local governments areas have not got anything from the government,” he says.
“When it is threatened, it bites”
On Monday, President Muhammadu Buhari announced that lockdown measures will start to be eased in Abuja, Lagos and Ogun state from 4 May. Many restrictions will remain in place, however, while existing lockdowns have been extended in many other Nigerian cities.
In the absence of effective measures to alleviate the hardship for the most vulnerable, observers worry how people will survive under these conditions for several more weeks. Professor of Virology Oyewala Tomori urges the federal and state governments to join forces to come up with a unified plan.
“Unless the government finds an urgent solution to effectively get the palliatives to the majority of people adversely affected by the lockdown, we will not only fail to protect the lives of our people but we will destroy the livelihood of families of workers and business owners,” he says. “Our people will lose their dignity and live in fear.”
Oni Fagbohungbe, a professor of Psychology at the University of Lagos, predicts that if this happens, people may take the law into their own hands.
“The sheep is a weak and submissive animal but when it is threatened, it bites,” he warns.
Most hope it does not come to this. Across Nigeria, tens of millions are struggling to access food and medicine and want local authorities to help them. Some are using the hashtag #hungervirus to share their stories or videos of them banging pots and pans to express their displeasure. Others are just appealing to officials to heed their calls.
“We hope that our cries will attract the attention of the state government,” says Usman. | <urn:uuid:078ed6b5-f38c-43b0-8b1b-9d09c25b503f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://africanarguments.org/2020/04/vulnerable-covid-19-we-hope-our-cries-will-attract-attention/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.98075 | 1,433 | 1.890625 | 2 |
98-a-003 - Direct Payment of Lodging (July 1, 1997)
Posted on 10/21/2021 at 12:49 PM by Kansas Department of Administration
|INFORMATIONAL CIRCULAR NO. 98-A-003|
|DATE:||July 1, 1997|
|SUBJECT:||Direct Payment of Lodging|
|EFFECTIVE DATE:||July 1, 1997|
|A & R CONTACT:||Audit Services Team||(785) 296-2311|
|SUMMARY:||Establishes basic policies regarding lodging expense paid directly to lodging establishments|
SB 104, Session of 1997, authorizes payment of lodging expenses directly to lodging establishments on behalf of state employees in travel status on official state business. SB 104 does not authorize advance payment for lodging. This circular is intended to provide minimum requirements and basic recommendations for payments in conjunction with this program:
Each payment voucher for lodging expense should include the following information:
Name of traveler(s)
Dates of lodging
Location of lodging
Purpose of travel
Only lodging (lowest available rate for normal single occupancy) and appropriate taxes (no sales tax within the State of Kansas) should be paid. Official telephone calls may also be paid directly to the lodging establishment if a statement is included on the payment voucher that the call is in accordance with an established agency policy.
The number of rooms, daily rate (including taxes) and number of days should all be shown on the voucher in order to calculate the voucher total.
Itemized billings should be accumulated and reviewed by the agency, but are not required to be submitted to the Division of Accounts and Reports with the payment voucher. Charges for meals, room service, personal phone calls, movies, laundry, and any other miscellaneous personal charges should be paid by the traveler prior to or at the time of checkout.
Travelers authorized to bill lodging directly to the agency should be specific at check-in as to the appropriate agency to be billed for the charges.
Direct payment of lodging does not supersede or replace any requirements for out-of-state travel approval, approval to exceed lodging rates, or temporary high-cost designation. Agencies should continue to attach appropriate approval forms or affix appropriate signatures to payment vouchers in accordance with the previous instructions you have provided to the Division of Accounts and Reports on Form DA-26 (Paragraph 2101 of the Employee Travel Expense Reimbursement Handbook). | <urn:uuid:159072d6-8f2f-459e-aa7e-7098fb596e96> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://admin.ks.gov/dofa-web-guide/test-pages/migrated-post-items/2021/10/21/98-a-003---direct-payment-of-lodging-(july-1-1997) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.91474 | 526 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Baltimore Harbor, third edition
A Pictorial History
This newly revised and expanded edition of Baltimore Harbor provides a lively, heavily illustrated history of a vital American port that connects the Chesapeake Bay with the rest of the world.
Using photographs, historic illustrations, and stories, Robert Keith traces the harbor's fascinating history. An ideal hub for the bay's network of paddlewheel steamers, the working port grew quickly alongside the shipbuilding industry at Fells Point and Federal Hill. This growth continued as the nation's first public carrier railroad, the Baltimore and Ohio, linked the wharves of the Patapsco River with the coal fields of Appalachia and the towns and farms of the Midwest.
Today Baltimore harbor is better known for trendy shops than container ships. Tourists strolling the sidewalks of Harborplace are probably unaware of the port's colorful past—and its important role in contemporary maritime commerce. Keith's book connects the harbor's vibrant present with its storied, equally energetic past.
About the Author
Robert C. Keith, a long-time Fells Point resident, is the author of several books and founding editor of the Africa Report and Ocean World magazines. He served for thirteen years as editor and director of the Los Angeles Times/Washington Post News Service.
"Informed, lively, and concise... Keith's book is a regional gem."
|Johns Hopkins University Press|
Other Titles in Local history | <urn:uuid:3fdfef80-c0c0-41f2-8b44-42fb8040abdf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hfsbooks.com/books/baltimore-harbor-3rd-edition-keith/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.910574 | 307 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Reading Time: 3 minutes
Kapanol isn’t very well-known as it is primarily used to treat a small population of patients in severe pain and those that are terminally ill. However, if you have found yourself using Kapanol and have become dependent upon it, it is a debilitating addiction, like that experienced with any other opioid. Inpatient Kapanol addiction treatment may be your best chance at succeeding in recovery.
Considered a Schedule II drug by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Kapanol is characterized as a drug with a high potential for abuse and as one whose use leads to severe physical and/or psychological dependence.
A narcotic pain reliever, Kapanol is only prescribed to adults with moderate to severe pain. It can be prescribed for both acute and chronic pain. Despite being a prescription only medication with a specific medical use, it isn’t safe for everyone to use, especially when used non-medically.
When you choose to use Kapanol more frequently than prescribed or in larger doses, you run a very real risk of overdose and death. For this reason, the information defined as most important by the FDA all has to do with dosing amounts, due to the danger that incorrect dosing presents for users.
To protect yourself from possible overdose and death or the many other health risks associated with Kapanol use, you should choose to attend inpatient rehab.
Should I Choose Inpatient Treatment for My Kapanol Addiction?
Like that experienced with other opioids, Kapanol withdrawal is debilitating. If you experience withdrawals when you cease using Kapanol, you will benefit most from inpatient care. You face symptoms like:
- Muscle aches and pains
- Diarrhea and cramping
- Chills and goosebumps
- Nausea and vomiting
But, you can’t attend treatment and avoid these symptoms because you will have to detox and remove the Kapanol from your system. If you choose to go to an inpatient treatment program, you will receive 24-hour a day oversight from a professional staff that can use medical interventions to ease or eliminate your discomfort. You won’t spend nights at home in pain without qualified care.
Moreover, if you received Kapanol by prescription, you very likely need pain management and abstaining from Kapanol will make your pain unbearable. When you are in inpatient treatment, all of your health concerns will be treated because each impacts the others. You won’t be left to tough it through the pain while you go cold turkey off of your meds. You will receive pain management that is in line with your addiction treatment.
Do I Need a Residential Rehab Facility for My Kapanol Addiction?
If Kapanol use has impacted every aspect of your life, you will likely feel safer in a residential facility where many of your regular daily tasks are performed by the facility. You won’t have to worry about maintaining a nutritious diet. This sort of benefit can help you to focus fully on your treatment and can maintain your health. Further, you will be removed from a setting that may be triggering you to continue your drug use.
You will also be removed from the temptation of drug and alcohol use because they are not permitted at the facility.
How Long Should I Stay in Inpatient Treatment for My Kapanol Addiction?
Opioid addictions are among the hardest addictions to treat because the drugs take such firm control of your brain and your body. You will need time to undergo detox and to take in as much treatment as possible. Accept no less of a stay than 28 days. This long-term treatment will be the bare minimum.
If you are using more than one type of drug, have a psychological condition in addition to your addiction, have severe underlying causes for drug use that need to be worked through, or have an extreme form of Kapanol addiction, consider a longer term of treatment. Programs that are 60 or 90 days in length may be better able to address your needs. | <urn:uuid:c0cb853f-b5c5-47ef-a35b-f390a9751c99> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.addictions.com/inpatient-rehab/choosing-the-best-inpatient-kapanol-rehab-centers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.944584 | 831 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Process control is the capacity to screen and change a process to give the ideal yield. It is utilized in the business to keep up with quality and further develop execution. An illustration of a straightforward process that is controlled is keeping the temperature of a room at a specific temperature utilizing a warmer and an indoor regulator.
Table of Contents
- What kind of process what sort of control?
- Measurement gadgets (transmitters)
- Control gadgets (last control component)
- Cyclic (on/off) control
- Programmable rationale control (PLC) frameworks
- Continuous control
- Distributed control frameworks (DCS)
- Operator interfaces, presentations, and designs
- Compressed air
- Choice of framework and establishment
- Engineering look at to authorizing
Process Control FAQs
Why process control is important?
Process control innovation permits makers to keep their tasks running inside indicated limits and to draw more precise lines for amplify productivity, guarantee quality and focus on security. That is why process control arrangements are so important.
How does process control work?
Process control is the programmed control of a yield variable by detecting the sufficiency of the yield boundary from the process and contrasting it with the ideal or set level and taking care of a blunder signal back to control an info variable.
Which are the elements of process control?
All process control setups, whether manual, programmed, or PC based, have three fundamental elements:
• an estimation (often a few);
• a control methodology (installed in a controller);
• a last component for executing the control activity (a valve, warmer or other variable information).
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Our support team consists of Subject Matter Experts, ready to clarify all your questions. | <urn:uuid:ea2a9f0f-4563-4e39-9e7e-ffecbac48309> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.testpreptraining.com/process-control-exam | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.877299 | 428 | 3.15625 | 3 |
On Sipacate beach in southern Guatemala, park ranger Arnulfo Vásquez releases a score of small sea turtles that instinctively walk to sea hours after hatching.
The hatchlings take off down the beach until they get lost in the waves in a cycle that repeats itself between July and November each year during the nesting season off the Guatemalan coast.
But the protection of the species has been jeopardised by the restrictions imposed on counting the COVID-19.
Arnulfo, who wears a mask, told AFP that night curfews and other restrictions on movement to prevent the spread of the coronavirus have prevented authorised residents from carrying out controlled egg collections, a key part of preservation.
"The curfew has affected them a lot because they no longer have time to walk on the beach" looking for turtle nests, which is done mostly at night and in the early morning, says the ranger at Sipacate-Naranjo National Park, 90 km south of the capital on the Pacific.
Since March, the Guatemalan government has been enforcing mandatory confinement to curb the pandemic, mainly by banning people from going out at night.
Although it has relaxed some measures to reactivate the economy, it maintains the curfew which is in force from 9 pm to 4 am the following day (3 am to 7 am GMT).
'Important for conservation'
The state-run National Council of Protected Areas (CONAP), in charge of preserving marine species, allows residents to collect the eggs, which are sold for consumption in local markets, under the condition that they deliver 20% to be "planted" in special enclosures for turtles.
The collectors "are important for conservation," explained Vásquez, in charge of the turtle farm in the Naranjo village of Sipacate, part of the reserve with 20 km of beach.
During the past nesting season, Conap counted a planting of 513,009 eggs on all of Guatemala's beaches with the release of 475,327 sea turtles, a hatching percentage of 92%.
According to the entity, six of the eight species of sea turtles that exist in the world lay their eggs on Guatemalan beaches every year.
However, this year the impact on turtle nesting "will be negative" due to the pandemic, warned CONAP in a report provided to AFP.
CONAP believes that without controlled harvesting, "natural" nests run the risk that the eggs will be lost in their entirety to predators like domestic animals, in addition to being exposed to solar radiation that raises the temperature to the extreme of "cooking" them.
Carlos Velásquez, the park's administrator, says that experience has allowed them to establish that the percentage of hatchlings in the nests that remain on the beaches "is unfortunately very low".
On the contrary, the official maintains that in the turtles in the reserve under his care, they have had "gusts" of up to 56,000 protected eggs per year, with only a 2% failure rate, by providing a controlled environment of humidity and temperature to cause the birth of the turtles, a process that takes between 45 and 50 days.
Impact of tourists
Velasquez adds that they are currently holding conversations with other government authorities so that permits can be extended to collectors registered with Conap so that they can "patrol" the beach and carry out the collections.
In front of an enormous and colourful mural about the reptile reproduction cycle in the El Paredón village turtle farm, the expert said that the scarce influx of tourists has also affected the conservation process, after hotels in the area have suspended their turtle release programs that were attracting visitors.
Guatemala, a country of about 17 million people, has recorded nearly 63,000 cases of coronavirus in the past five months, including more than 2,300 deaths. | <urn:uuid:5140c341-2410-45bf-b293-21535dc274dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.euronews.com/video/2020/08/19/watch-baby-sea-turtles-heading-out-for-their-first-swim-in-guatemala | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.959221 | 793 | 2.96875 | 3 |
The European Environmental Bureau (EEB) and its Italian member Legambiente claimed in a statement that recent laws had failed to meet the requirements of EU waste legislation.
According to a new EEB report, more than 11 million tonnes of waste ‘disappeared’ in 2001. The environmentalists allege that the waste is being off-loaded to poor countries by criminal gangs, who collect an estimated €2.6 billion in return.
Since January 2002, the European Commission has launched investigations into 125 cases of EU environmental policy breaches by Italy, some half of which concern waste.
The Italian government adopted a law narrowing its legal definition of waste in July 2002. The upshot was a watering down of both existing EU and international definitions of hazardous waste as ‘secondary materials’. This, says EEB, has enabled dubious operators to ferry ‘dirty’ shipments of waste, such as scrap metal originating in countries that do abide by EU guidelines, to hapless third countries.
“By declassifying this waste, Italy is promoting the export of hazardous waste to poorer countries,” the campaigners say. Moreover, Italian parliamentarians are currently discussing legislation that would allow companies willing to trade such materials to register in Italy to conduct their business on a global scale.
“Italy could be the first industrialised country that is offering a convenient base for environmental criminals,” said John Hontolez, EEB secretary-general. | <urn:uuid:f0ae21d2-8888-43d0-b2f7-b04328cb87a7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.politico.eu/article/italy-accused-of-giving-organised-crime-a-stranglehold-on-waste/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.959079 | 296 | 2.578125 | 3 |
It’s important for childcare facilities to offer a safe and engaging environment for kids, and one of the easiest ways to do this is by promoting creative play. Creative play childcare supports childrens' development, teaches them skills they can apply to their lives, and helps to build their confidence and self-esteem. And the best part? It doesn’t require a big budget.
Importance of Creative Play
The use of creative play can help children to grow and develop in a variety of ways.
- Creativity - Creative play encourages childrens' imaginations, giving them a sense of wonder, while also teaching them to think outside of the box.
- Teamwork - When engaging in creative play with their peers, children learn a variety of interpersonal skills including cooperating, sharing, and listening.
- Self-Control - Creative play teaches children how to control their behaviors and emotions while resisting impulses. It also helps them to learn about discipline.
- Cognitive Development - Through creative play, children are able to strengthen their cognitive flexibility and working memory, which can help them be more successful in school. It also helps to expand their attention spans and gives them experience with organizing, sorting, and classification.
- Expand Vocabularies - While playing with their peers using creative play, children are able to engage in language development. They are able to expand their vocabularies through talking, listening, and engaging in conversations.
Easy Ways To Encourage Creative Play
There are so many easy ways to encourage creative play in childcare facilities. Schedule activities that engage them. Get them to paint, color, act, sing, and dance. All of these activities can inspire their imaginations! Whenever you have the chance, participate with the children during creative play. It’s a fun way to engage with them and inspire their creative process.
One of the simplest ways to encourage creative play is to provide a variety of costumes, such as the ones here at Teetot, from mermaids to firemen, and props and toys children can utilize as they play. If you are dealing with a strict budget don’t worry! Not only will our costumes last long, giving you more value for your money, most come with props included. You can also help your children create props of their own to expand their imaginary worlds on a shoestring budget.
At Teetot, we understand how important creative play childcare is for children of all ages. Imagination is powerful and helps children build confidence and learn important skills they will take with them throughout their lives. Our wide selection of kids costumes and dress-up accessories are the perfect way to spark their senses of joy and wonder. Contact us today to learn more. | <urn:uuid:5cf795bf-2da9-40fc-bf98-0c47506dc41b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://teetot.com/blogs/news/why-childcare-facilities-should-engage-kids-with-creative-play | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.96185 | 554 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Educating Remotely – the Klorofeel Way
Klorofeel School began its classes in the last week of March 2020, just after the nationwide lockdown was announced. Prior to deciding on our approach, we discussed with the parents and learnt that only two of our students have access to laptops. So we needed to rule out “online education”.
However, parents of all students had access to smartphone – so we decided to leverage on remote teaching through WhatsApp video. We expected all children to have different interests and strengths and felt one to one conversations will be the best way to start. It is more a conversation between the faculty and the student than a “class”.
We focused on exploring Interests of the child, Environmental Studies, and English communication. We decided to defer mathematics till classes start – as we believe the fun with mathematics can be drawn out best in face to face conversations. With the extension of locked down condition, we changed our decision and started offering mathematics education from 3rd week of June. It was difficult to predict and plan too far ahead in March, but we were agile in responding to the changing needs.
Focus on individual’s interest led us to engagement on many topics – from dance, song and drawing to puzzles and Tangram. Some children are interested in pets and some others in history, space, science experiments. We continue to explore this and have discussed a variety of topics. We discussed Terracota Army and Innuit, Tutankhamen, Padmanabha Swamy temple, and more. And students made their own puzzles too!
In parallel, we send puzzles for the students to solve. We found students are faster in responding to puzzles than to assignments. Not a surprise – but an interesting pointer. Why can we not engage more through puzzles?
The processes evolved over time. We settled with WhatsApp group for each student serving as the medium for interactions and assignment submissions.
The nature of the interactions ensured we did not follow the same path with all children. We took routes children were comfortable with. This meant different children are absorbing differently, at different pace. Our job is to ensure the proposed syllabus for the year is covered in a seamless manner. It provides a different challenge, and it means our approach will keep changing as we progress. Of course, this challenges our plans and our teachers. But we moved ahead with our belief that education is meant to cater to the children and their motivation to learn rather than the convenience of the school and the teacher.
Some parents had a concern. The children seem to be enjoying the method of engagement but what about the syllabus? And we had to share:
- Whether our children create a water dictionary, or conduct water audit at home, or identify the towns while tracing the course of a river in the atlas, or find out stories and songs on river, or draw a family tree, or discover more about their family members, or list and classify the activities in a kitchen, each such assignment is an integral part of the syllabus from Environmental Studies, English, Hindi or Mathematics, taught in an integrated manner.
- So, don’t worry. Just watch and encourage your children in their many explorations and activities – and what they are learning now, they are unlikely to forget too soon.
This is a good moment to share, having completed two months with a system that created enthusiasm in children, they are looking forward to more. This is also an important moment for us to seize the excitement and create a wider exposure for our children.
Key Attributes of Learning at Klorofeel
In the following pages, you will witness some of the key attributes of learning at Klorofeel, being demonstrated through the work of our students in April and May 2020.
Some of these are:
- Connect to Local Realities: They learn about their Kitchen, how things work there, learn about water usage at home. We discuss the current environment as well.
- Connect to Family: They learn about their family, about grandparents and how life has changed since the time they were children.
- Near to Far: Our children learn about Rushi Kulya before they learn Mississippi.
- Fearless environment: Our children are not afraid to try, not afraid to explore, and open to making mistakes. Parents report their children are communicating more than they ever did.
- Learn through mistakes: we welcome mistakes. They are a great path to learn. Those who are already perfect and don’t make mistakes, why they need school?
- Curiosity: Our children are asking questions and eager to explore. We trigger their thinking by asking questions, by asking them to estimate.
- Flexible Medium: If they don’t like text, can they express by drawing or through craft? If reading is boring, can they create puzzles on their own, and share?
- Exposure: We push our students to take books beyond curriculum, read and report. Solve puzzles and learn. Explore variety of topics of their interest.
- Leverage: Why stay limited to the syllabus, or our expertise? We encourage students to attend quizzes, and our teachers to attend external programs.
- Creative Agility: Our method of engagement adapted to the restrictions in the environment, and in fact, we took advantage of those – so they learn more about the activities at home and engage more with parents and family members. If our children have to be creative, we must be creative too, adapt so children benefit.
We could not, and did not, ignore Covid
We could not, and did not, ignore Covid – the reason for this remote engagement. We invited students to picturise their impression of Covid, and here is one that during the early stages of the lockdown:
And one more depiction from another student:
Remote Learning at Klorofeel - how it evolved in the first six months.
Klorofeel School began its classes in the last week of March 2020, just after the nationwide lockdown was announced. We discussed with parents on their internet readiness and planned accordingly. Students who spent their 2020 with us experienced the following:
- Personal care, at student’s pace, customised to their strengths.
- First single student classes, then 2 students, before engaging with a few more.
- Students discovered a friendly environment to freely ask questions.
- It is not a Teacher to student discourse – rather a discussion.
- There are plenty of activities from which students learn. Less screen time, more student engagement. Forty minutes of “class” per week per subject, rest the student works on her own time. We successfully challenged the notion that Screen time is Education.
- A library of toys (and of course, books) to engage children at home.
- School focuses on students thinking answers on their own, and questioning.
- Mistakes are encouraged – that shows student is trying on her own. Education at Klorofeel means trying, struggling, failing, questioning, learning, trying again, …
- Regular discussion with parents. Parents demonstrated trust – and have responded positively to the Klorofeel way.
- Our weekly science events involve students in science experiments they perform. They notice aluminium foils sink in water but float when crumpled into a ball. They see what dissolves in water, what separates and what forms a suspension. They see oil floats on water but dissolves when we add soap. They collect seeds and wonder which will grow, and get exposed to those they don’t know.
And we did all this without compromising on the textbook. We are more than half way through by September, with time off to “revise”, a month before Durga Puja!
Beyond the Textbook, yet deeply related to the “syllabus”
Our students studied the Kitchen. Learnt about food and nutrition – ones that are local, ones steeped in our tradition, as also their origin. Learnt different modes of cooking, different pots and containers. Learnt weights and measures. What is measured is kilograms and what in litres …
Students have been enjoying drawing and craft. And Tangrams to create every object and animal they think of.
Students did Water Audit at home. Measured water usage for different activities, and learnt where they can reduce. Created their own personal Water Cycle, and then a Water Dictionary.
They pore over the pages of their Atlas – and move around the world without going out of home.
Children learn about food and nutrition – ones that are local, ones steeped in our tradition, as also their origin.
They participate raucously in Quizzes every weekend. Quizzes are a regular learning tool for us.
Puzzles, like quizzes, are another fun mode of learning.
They are studying festivals in Odisha, aspiring to create a book on local festivals and traditions.
Focus on individual’s interest led us to engagement on many topics – from dance, song and drawing to puzzles and Tangram. Some children are interested in pets and some others in history, space, science experiments. We continue to explore this and have discussed a variety of topics. We discussed Terracotta Army and Innuit, Tutankhamen, Padmanabha Swamy temple, and more. And students made their own puzzles too.
Classroom in The Kitchen
During the lockdown times, we discovered how much can be learnt inside the kitchen.
Our students discovered the many activities that happen inside the kitchen – cooking could mean boiling, frying, heating, steaming, grinding …
Plus cleaning, washing, cutting, …
We discussed what is found inside the kitchen – from items that are cooked (oil, flour, spices) to utensils needed for cooking (pots and pans, ladles and knives). And many more.
They counted the number of items in the kitchen and were surprised when they discovered it was way off their estimates. They estimated the amount – and understood how the units are different. Eggs are counted but rice cannot be counted, it has to be weighed. Oil is measured in volume. Rice or flour is stored in larger quantities than turmeric or cloves.
We also discussed how water is used in the kitchen and for what purposes.
Some students reported recipes and how some items are cooked. Some others discussed the many varieties of spices that are used while cooking. One student went on to explore the history of spices, when these came to India and from where. Thus history, geography and arithmetic were also discussed – as we naturally moved in those directions – while the primary learning was in science and environment.
It is true all children did not attempt all of these. When we are looking at child-centric learning, by design we need to branch into different directions.
Interesting to note:
- It is interesting we completed part of the school syllabus, in fact we completed certain chapters from their books – but the children nor parents noticed. Experiential learning takes the drudgery out of schooling and also helps retention.
- Out of classroom education need not be limited to TV/Mobile phone screen. There can be enough to do within the home, and learn. And when they explore, organize information, discuss, connect with other knowledge, and occasionally reflect, the retention of learning is designed to be higher than information being fed through the screen. Exploration and connection are more exciting ways to learn, too.
Water Audit at Home
While teaching about Water, its diverse uses, and the challenges facing us, Water Audit seemed a natural activity to pursue.
The children needed to find out the different activities at home that need water, and how the water was used. Next, they needed to find out how much water each family member used. This included water used in the toilet, from brushing to bathing, or water for drinking. Then there was common usage of water – for cooking, washing, or gardening. The children measured all such use and determined the sum of all water used in the house. This gave them an opportunity to reflect in which activities maximum water was being used (washing machine is an example) – and how water usage can be reduced.
Pictures: Students drew the different ways water is stored in the house.
The challenge was also in how to measure, and that was interesting. How much water is needed for cooking and how much every time you flush the toilet? One common way students explored was to measure the water in pots or buckets in terms of water bottles of one litre volume. Estimating a fair approximation through measuring dimensions of containers and calculating volume was more difficult.
After the Water Audit, and while discussing the need to save water, we discussed the Water Cycle.
The water cycle discussion was triggered with the question: how/where do you get your water? It comes from the tap. How does water come to the tap? It comes from the overhead tank. Where does that tank get water from? And so on, till they get to the clouds! Everyone drew the cycle the way they understood they get their water.
In this sense, the water cycle drawn by the children is different from the one usually seen in the textbooks – and it was their own water cycle, one they could relate to.
The water discussion was completed with the task of creating the Water Dictionary – recording and enhancing the student’s vocabulary of all water related words.
Family and Family Tree
The children identified what is a family, and then understood the concept of the family tree. They created a family tree not just from the father’s side but also related to the mother’s mother.
We discussed not just family but what work the different family members do now. They also found out and recorded where their family members in the chart were born and where they are now. They also asked their parents and grandparents what they did, what was their daily time table when they were the child’s age. The children, too, had to draw up their daily table, so this was a comparison point. They recorded what similarities they have with different family members, and what they learnt from them.
We did not expect the children to “know” all of these when we asked these. Finding out this information was their assignment. Such assignment led to conversations within the family, and also exposed them to the social and lifestyle changes that have happened in the last sixty years.
These pictures show how the understanding of family tree evolved within a few weeks.
The learnings, however, went beyond the relationships within the family. They learnt about society and environment in their parents’ and grandparents’ times. They learnt how daily activities have evolved, and about other villages, towns and cities that their family members lived in. They learnt about other professions. In short, they were introduced to a contextual understanding of their own family members. They may not have the maturity to reflect or analyse at the moment, and that will probably happen as they grow up.
The concept of “Near to Far” is from Sri Aurobindo’s education philosophy. Our students got exposed to relationships, professions, geography and social practices in a context “near” to them, before they set out for the wider exposure to these.
Creativity with Tangram … and other Paper Craft
What are some games and toys that spur the creativity of our children?
Tangram and Origami are two that our children loved to work with.
Learning to Estimate
The students were introduced to the art and science of estimation. At different times they estimated the weight or volume of different items in the kitchen, the volume of water consumed or expended in bath, the size of the football field, or even the weight of their clock or the sofa. On different occasions they also estimated distance or time.
For most of these, they actually went ahead with the actual measurement of weight or volume – and could compare their estimate with the actuals.
When we moved to exploring with the Atlas, curious students are learning to estimate distances from Brahmapur to Bhubaneswar, Hyderabad, or Singapore. They learn “scale” and how to estimate distances. In maps of India or Asia, Brahmapur does not appear, but the indentation at Chilka Lake is visible, and they learn that measuring from Chilka is a good “estimate” when the distance is “large”.
Looking at the map of Asia, the children estimated the largest countries by size. When we give such an exercise, children learn more than the name of the largest countries as they are poring over the entire atlas – and thus absorb a lot more than the assignment outcome. Such activities also trigger curiosity, apart from the fine art of estimation.
Estimation is a key life skill, as we would seldom have all the data. The successful people are those who take decisions quickly based on reasonable estimates – and it is important our children get introduced to the art and science of estimation early on.
Exploring with the Atlas
The atlas is a wonderful tool to teach exploration and build Curiosity. Why it can be fascinating is explained in the teacher’s message sent to students initiating them into their journey with the Atlas.
One can also go beyond the Atlas and geography. Exploration of the atlas leads to discussion on history, environment, science, and yes, arithmetic, e.g. 6.9 cm on the map is how much distance on land? One also appreciates current events better, whether politics, sports or weather.
Teaching through maps can also provide opportunity to organize and represent information. The three figures here show how our students are learning.
Initiating students into the Atlas Journey
This was the message sent to students when they began their journey with the Atlas
I received my first Atlas when I was in class 2. It changed my world.
I pored through the pages and visited the places with my fingers what I could not experience with my feet.
In that atlas, India had less states – Jharkhand, Uttarakhand or Chhattisgarh were not known. Nor were Meghalaya, Mizoram or Arunachal Pradesh. Assam was a much larger state. Sikkim was not part of India.
Thankfully, the rivers remain! With less water, and sometimes polluted maybe, but that is not seen in your atlas.
The world map was different too. Bangladesh was East Pakistan. The Soviet Union was a much larger nation than today’s Russia – and I had not heard of Lithuania, Azerbaijan or Kazakhstan. There were two Germanys. There was no Croatia, nor South Sudan. No Slovakia, Sarajevo or Belarus. Sri Lanka was Ceylon and Burkina Faso was Upper Volta. And there was Rhodesia. A lot more changes have happened since. We will discover these as we progress in our learning journey together.
I also realised Canada or Greenland looked much bigger in the world map than in the globe. We shall find out why.
You will see the maps show land and the maps show seas. Seas and rivers are shown in blue. The maps also show mountains and peaks, plateaus and hills. You would also see some lines criss-crossing the maps. The vertical lines are called longitude and the horizontal lines are latitude. These help us find out the location of a city or a country on the map.
Maps are exciting – and travelling through them is fun. We want to experience the fun together. We would begin by trying to find cities and rivers and lakes in the map. Do not try to google the answers, then you’d miss the fun. It’s like watching a movie, that is fun – reading about the movie in a screen is just getting information. सही उत्तर मिलना काफी नहीं है, अन्वेषण का उत्साह न हो, तो मज़ा कहाँ ?
This is an invitation to begin the journey, and experience the joy of discovery.
When students ask Questions…
When students ask questions you cannot answer, you know the student is thinking. Schools are not built to showcase the teacher’s omniscience. They exist to nurture Curiosity, Original Thinking, Critical Thinking, Creativity – and questions are evidence they are thinking, they are curious.
In the short span of Klorofeel, I have already been stumped by so many questions I could not answer. All these just from one student:
- What is a white hole?
- How did they measure distance in the sea?
- United Kingdom is such a small country. How did they conquer India?
- How does gunpowder work?
At Klorofeel, we hope our students continue to ask questions we cannot answer.
On Sundays, we invite the students to attend the family quiz programme, Qshala, hosted by Walnut to audiences around the world.
Qshala quizzes are topical and more than just memory of events and people. Their “Connection” questions, lead you to think and connect different visuals to find the desired answer.
Our job as teachers is to provide our students with the right exposure, so they get curious, think, ask questions, and connect. Curiosity and Thinking are not visible, but questions are tangible indicators that the child is curious, the child is thinking.
Mistakes are necessary
We all know we learn from mistakes. What should be a logical consequence of such insight in our learning journey? If our objective is learning, we must not hide our mistakes, right? Yet, does that happen?
Most often, we do not want mistakes to be visible. So, students copy rather than try to solve a problem themselves. And parents or tuition teachers do the homework for the children. We need to understand this is clearly harmful for the child as such practices rob the child of learning opportunities.
At Klorofeel School, we welcome mistakes. We understand mistakes are an opportunity to teach and learn. We understand the social negativity around mistakes and a key purpose of Klorofeel School is to create an environment where children are not afraid to try, not afraid to present output without being sure of its acceptance, where parents understand students go to school to learn from mistakes.
Fear of mistakes also prevents us from exploring. Fear is an obstacle to finding new answers, or better responses; we go with the safest choice rather than try out a “good” choice. This is a problem that plagues our society and most of us do not want to risk being original. Mistake-averse behaviour, ingrained in childhood, leads to finding safety in going with the crowd. How can we be innovative if we are afraid of exploration?
In a rapidly changing environment, we must also challenge existing notions, and question answers written in the best books. Without the confidence to be wrong, we cannot gather such courage.
This diagram of a completed 4×4 sudoku has a mistake. But we welcomed it since it showed the student has tried it, rather than seek parent’s help. Parent did not have the anxiety to “correct” it. This augurs good news for the child. Parents’ obsession to get the perfect answers for their children is often the biggest obstacle in the learning journey.
Other Assignments also have mistakes. But we have no hesitation in putting them up. Our children are here to learn. If they were perfect, they need not have come to school. Every time we notice a mistake, we know the child has tried on her own and indicates her/his thought process. Those who don’t make mistakes are googling or copying. Or they have stopped trying, stopped exploring. A school is not the best place for them.
- Children are enjoying the fear-free, open environment for learning. They interact with teachers freely. They ask questions, explore, not afraid to make mistakes.
- Parents encourage children to do home work on their own, open to them making their mistakes; they understand this is essential to the child’s learning journey. Parents are evolving into observer and facilitator, rather than director or controller.
- Teachers appreciate questions, exploration and mistakes imply student is engaged and interested – and teachers are motivated to inspire more interest.
To download a short 2-page summary, please download .. | <urn:uuid:4c8bfa4a-f833-463a-bf66-d5031ef8d860> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://klorofeelschool.ac.in/educating-remotely-the-klorofeel-way-4/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.970044 | 5,113 | 2.078125 | 2 |
ANA to Test Driverless Bus Inside Haneda Airport
- •After initial successes, ANA to begin the second phase of autonomous bus testing.
- •Goal is to implement driverless bus technology at Haneda Airport by 2020.
TOKYO, Jan. 15, 2019 - All Nippon Airways (ANA), Japan's largest and 5-star airline for six consecutive years, is beginning the second stage of testing for an autonomous, driverless bus at Tokyo's Haneda Airport.
ANA is conducting these trials with Aichi Steel, SB Drive Corp., Advanced Smart Mobility Co., Ltd., NIPPO CORPORATION, and NEC Corporation. Together, these companies will begin testing the autonomous bus today in a series of trials running through Jan. 25, 2019. The test will be conducted with an autonomous driving technique equivalent to Level 3*1 and will be limited to the restricted area of Haneda Airport where aircraft and cargo vehicles are located. If these trials are successful, ANA aims to implement the driverless bus technology into the airport by 2020.
- *1 Level 3 means that the autonomous system is operating, but when the system is unable to respond correctly, a human driver in the vehicle can take over the driving.
"At ANA, we are constantly striving to move the industry forward," Shigeru Hattori, Senior Vice President of ANA. "This autonomous bus will help ease the flow of traffic in the airport and help enhance the traveling experience for passengers. In addition to boosting convenience, the autonomous bus will also allow for safer travel within the airport and we will continue the tests until the technology reaches our high safety grade."
The first phase of testing was conducted in February 2018 in partnership with SB Drive Corp. In addition to ANA’s trials at Haneda this time, testing will also take place at Narita, Sendai, and Nagoya airports by other companies.
The autonomous bus will run with the help of magnetic trackers embedded into the ground that will help guide the bus along its route. Onboard sensors will allow the bus to follow these marks and will enable the bus to travel smoothly even if GPS signals are unavailable.
During testing, the bus will also host an advanced control system called, "Dispatcher," which will make it possible for the operator to monitor progress in real time and take control when needed. The system provides constant real-time feedback that the operator can use to evaluate the interior and exterior of the vehicle at all times.
The autonomous bus is only the latest example of how ANA is working to remain at the forefront of technology and customer service. By easing the workload of employees working at Haneda, ANA aims to create more efficient service for those traveling through the airport in the future.
Contact: ANA Corporate Communications, TEL +81-3-6735-1111, email@example.com
Following the "Inspiration of Japan" high quality of service, ANA has been awarded the respected 5-Star rating every year since 2013 from SKYTRAX. ANA is the only Japanese airline to win this prestigious designation six years in a row. Additionally, ANA has been recognized by Air Transport World as "Airline of the Year" three times in the past 10 years - 2007, 2013 and 2018, becoming one of the few airlines winning this prestigious award for multiple times.
ANA was founded in 1952 with two helicopters and has become the largest airline in Japan, as well as one of the most significant airlines in Asia, operating 78 international routes and 118 domestic routes. ANA offers a unique dual hub model which enables passengers to travel to Tokyo and connect through the two airports in the metropolitan Tokyo, NARITA and HANEDA, to various destinations throughout Japan, and also offers same day connections between various North American, Asian and Chinese cities.
ANA has been a member of Star Alliance since 1999 and has joint venture partnerships with United Airlines, Lufthansa German Airlines, Swiss International Airlines and Austrian Airlines.
Besides the full service and award winner carrier ANA, the ANA Group has two LCCs as consolidated subsidiaries, Vanilla Air Inc. and Peach Aviation Limited. The ANA Group carried 53.8 million passengers in FY2017, has approximately 39,000 employees and a fleet of 260 aircraft. ANA is a proud launch customer and the biggest operator of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner.
For more information, please refer to the following link. | <urn:uuid:1b9347f0-c619-4927-8cf3-3fcf1dddb920> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.anahd.co.jp/group/en/pr/201901/20190115.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.943404 | 935 | 1.929688 | 2 |
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Childhood stunting remains a major public health concern in Bangladesh. To accelerate the reduction rate of stunting, special focus is required during the first 23 months of a child’s life when the bulk of growth takes place. Therefore the present study explored individual-, maternal- and household-level factors associated with stunting among children under 2 years of age in Bangladesh.
Data were collected through a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted between October 2015 and January 2016. A two-stage cluster random sampling procedure was applied to select 11 428 households. In the first stage, 210 enumerations areas (EA) were selected with probability proportional to EA size (180 EA from rural areas, thirty EA from urban slums). In the second stage, an average of fifty-four households were selected from each EA through systematic random sampling.
Rural areas and urban slums of Bangladesh.
A total of 6539 children aged 0–23 months.
Overall, 29·9 % of the children were stunted. After adjusting for all potential confounders in the modified Poisson regression model, child’s gender, birth weight (individual level), maternal education, age at first pregnancy, nutrition (maternal level), administrative division, place of residence, socio-economic status, food security status, access to sanitary latrine and toilet hygiene condition (household level) were significantly associated with stunting.
The study identified a number of potentially addressable multilevel risk factors for stunting among young children in Bangladesh that should be addressed through comprehensive multicomponent interventions.
Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this to your organisation's collection. | <urn:uuid:29b8b830-23bf-486f-93c6-4a45d0f2a0ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://core-cms.prod.aop.cambridge.org/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Mahfuzar%20Rahman&eventCode=SE-AU | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.919965 | 574 | 1.617188 | 2 |
One cannot think well, love well, sleep well, if one has not dined well.Virginia Woolf, A Room of One’s Own
Good morning, afternoon and evening from Haiku for You! This is a 12-week interactive blog-series where I will help you write haiku for your daily fill of well-being!
If you would like to know more about my series, feel free to revisit my introductory post where I explain how mindfulness and poetry can work hand in hand to bring you positivity. You don’t even need any previous experience in creative writing. I will hand you what you need to know on a plate of inspiration!
So, before you settle down to that wholesome roast dinner or your refreshing summer salad,
take a slow, deep breath in …
…and then back out.
I hope you have worked up an appetite because this week, we are going to write haiku about
Thoughts about food
Did you know that the food we eat on a regular basis doesn’t only affect how we feel physically but also mentally? It has been proved that everything we ingest has a great influence on our cognitive ability and our energy. It’s no wonder then, that in a world of fast food, we so often find ourselves feeling exhausted or generally functioning far from our full capacity. If we instead eat the food that takes care of us, it may not transform our whole world, but it could bring us at least a little closer to healthy well-being.
Our perspective on food
There are many reasons why we eat. For some, food is simply the sustenance we require to maintain an energetic lifestyle. For others, it is an opportunity to be brought together with family and friends over a fun-filled feast. For most of us, it is the flavoursome experience that we yearn for every day, and it can bring us tremendous comfort during hard times.
But food, just like mindfulness, should also be a form of self-care.
A meal is an opportunity. It is a chance to feel nourished by a colourful salad, your homegrown vegetables or a curry flush with spices! And yet, how often do you find your food disappearing before you within a course of minutes? I know it happens to me, and it certainly seems counterproductive after excitedly preparing it for over an hour!
Instead, take a breath, take your time and enjoy the creation.
Food at its most natural
Now to return to mindfulness, it can help to begin with food in its most natural state. Pick up a peach, a tomato, an apple, or an egg straight from the box. Hold it in your hand for a while and gently roll it around to feel its fluffiness, its wrinkles, or the simple smoothness of its skin. Before you take a bite, consider where it came from and how it arrived with you at this moment.
Taste the explosion of citrus fruit. Isn’t it refreshing? Especially in summer! What’s your favourite kind? The sharp lemon? The tender mandarin orange? Or, a sour grapefruit? Whatever fruit you choose, notice the texture of its skin or the way a blueberry pops when you crunch into it. Isn’t it a pleasure to lose yourself in your senses for a few seconds?
You can do the same with vegetables. Notice how the butter melts into those boiled green beans and potatoes. See the sprinkle of seasoning as it cascades over your serving of mushrooms or meat. Allow the flour to mesmerise you while it is sieved into the mixing bowl before it transforms into bread. How we treat our food can be how we end up treating ourselves, so be slow, and be gentle.
To appreciate food to its full extent, how about trying to grow some fruit or vegetables in your garden, or a few herbs on your windowsill? It can be so rewarding to eat something you have nurtured through different weathers. It reminds us of the magical process of nature, and of how we can all continue to evolve with a little nurturing.
Haiku about food: some examples of my own
Isolation feast - the other side of the fridge life is delivered.
Breezy barbecue - time blowing ash in our hair; charcoaled fingertips.
A bowl of mixed fruit - a taste from other countries and my mouth explodes.
How to write your own haiku about food
Exercise duration: approximately 30 minutes
1. Take a moment before one of your main meals to consider how hungry you feel right now.
Does your stomach feel hollow? Is it grumbling? Acknowledge how this is just a physical feeling, and how the moment will soon pass.
2. Once you have placed your food in front of you, how does it smell? Write it down in at least three words.
3. Is it a colourful meal?
Write down all the colours you can find.
4. Be in touch with your senses throughout the preparation process.
Is there an aroma of onions or peppers frying? Does the knife chop loudly against the chopping board? Does that slice of carrot find its way to your mouth? Listen to the calming sound of soup simmering on the hob.
5. Now, how does the food taste? How does it make you feel?
Cosy? Comforted? Healthy and light? Refreshed? Does it remind you of something good?
6. It’s time to write!
Now, using your notes, write your haiku about food.
Just remember, it’s three lines of 5-7-5 syllables! Refer back to How to write Haiku guidelines.
So, close your eyes and take another deep breath in …
and then back out …
Food and memories
The act of eating satisfies a primal urge. No matter who we are or how we feel, food is something we need daily and we are weak without it. The smell of broth cooking on the stove has the power to bring us back to childhood. As mentioned in my first Haiku for You post, it can immediately make us feel at home.
Thank you for sharing your poetic feast with me. I look forward to hearing every word you contribute in the comments section. Next week, I will bring you another inspiring theme to keep you well-fed!
So, remember, treat yourself …
… to a moment of mindfulness.
I hope I have made you hungry for haiku and ready to cook up some delicious poetry! Enjoy life in all its savory and sweetness.
Now, let’s haiku away!
If you are happy to, please leave your beautiful haiku about food in the comments section below each post.
See last week – Week 8: Haiku about Night-time | <urn:uuid:65a057dd-d8b8-4963-9a95-383b967cf89d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.georgiacaryswilliams.com/haiku-about-food/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.943762 | 1,406 | 1.992188 | 2 |
33 Diverse Business Owners Graduate from ComEd’s Energy Efficiency ProgramJuly 21, 2022
For ComEd, powering lives means more than delivering electricity to customers. It’s about providing impactful energy efficiency opportunities to help customers save money and energy; empowering communities to meet their ever-evolving energy needs; and supporting the region’s workforce and economy through utility-driven clean energy innovation and opportunity.
To expand energy efficiency offerings and address today’s climate and economy issues, ComEd invests in programs to expand energy efficiency offerings and address today’s climate and economy issues, ComEd invests in programs that support the steady growth of a diverse talent pipeline and provides opportunities and provide opportunities for them to grow to positively impact their communities. Investing in businesses owned by people of color, women and veterans is one of ComEd’s focuses to build equity in Illinois.
“We are deeply committed to ensuring our energy efficiency programs deliver savings in communities most in need,” said Erica Borggren, VP of customer solutions. “The way energy efficiency funding flows through businesses in communities to deliver those savings is just as important – and, through this program, we’re so pleased to be able to partner with and grow local businesses to do just that.”
Through the Energy Efficiency Service Provider (EESP) Incubator program, ComEd supports the development of minority, women, and veteran contractors by offering education and training on the electric provider’s energy efficiency portfolio offerings to provide them with more solid footing in the competitive energy-efficiency market.
This month, ComEd celebrated the third graduating class of its EESP Incubator program. The 2022 graduates represent 33 diverse contractor businesses: 57% are minority-owned, 26% are woman-owned, and 17% are veteran-owned. These diverse lighting, heating and cooling, and engineering businesses were trained in ComEd’s Energy Efficiency Program, providing them the ability to offer incentives to their northern Illinois customers.
“The Incubator program was really instrumental in allowing me networking opportunities and in putting me in front of major players in the Energy Efficiency space,” said Ramon Hayes, a 2019 graduate of the incubator. “It’s actually really simple. There is no way I would be doing the volume of business that I am doing, had I not gone through the Incubator Program.” He now mentors current Incubator cohort members in energy efficiency project best practices.
Ramon, the owner of Eco-Energy Solutions, a service-disabled, veteran-owned business, is one of 66 contractors to graduate from the Incubator since its inception in 2019. Prior to participating in the program, Ramon relied on a small client base and single contracts to keep his business doors open. With the training he received through the EESP Incubator program, Ramon will now be able to propose and install an expanded array of energy-efficiency measures that can save his clients money and energy.
As part of the wrap-around services provided by the program, the Incubator team provides one-on-one assistance with certification applications, business growth plans, project financing, and identifying and resolving barriers to building a successful business in the energy efficiency field. The team also assists Ramon and other participants in developing a business growth plan and provided opportunities to enhance networking abilities.
At the end of the program, graduates are encouraged to apply to ComEd’s Energy Efficiency Service Provider (EESP) Network, who are ComEd’s contractors that install energy efficiency measures in customers’ homes and businesses. Once accepted, they can provide ComEd Energy Efficiency Program incentives and rebates to customers for projects that can reduce their energy use and save money on their utility bills, and grow their own businesses through the successful completion of energy efficiency projects.
Over the years, the ComEd Energy Efficiency Program has increasingly helped customers reduce their energy bills and consumption, in turn reducing the consumption of fossil fuels.
Since 2008, the ComEd Energy Efficiency Program has made impactful contributions towards Illinois’ goals of creating a clean energy future:
- ComEd customers have saved more than 56 million megawatt hours of energy usage and a total of $6.7 billion on their electric bills.
- This energy reduction also reduced carbon dioxide emissions by more than 61 billion pounds, the equivalent of taking 6 million cars off the road for one year.
- More than $1.5 billion in incentives have been issued, allowing northern Illinois customers to reinvest in their homes, businesses and communities.
For over a century, ComEd has kept its promise to northern Illinois communities and customers to be more than an electric delivery company. ComEd delivers on that promise every day, empowering its customers, creating equity in local communities, driving innovation, and increasing a diverse workforce, to create a brighter tomorrow. | <urn:uuid:d84d6ca5-f81d-43ee-aff9-ceab0f98b0b6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://poweringlives.comed.com/33-diverse-business-owners-graduate-from-comeds-energy-efficiency-program/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.948967 | 1,009 | 1.75 | 2 |
Rainbow Vegetable Pizza – This simple, fresh veggie pizza is the perfect healthy way to celebrate St. Patrick’s Day!
Hello! Tiffany from Feel Great in 8 here. I’m excited to be back sharing another simple, healthy recipe I know you will love!
As a mom, I’m always looking for fun ways to add a little healthy food to holidays. I definitely don’t try to keep my kids from eating all junk food, but there is always so much sugar associated with holidays. It’s nice to add a little healthy food in there too. Maybe even a vegetable or two. 😉
This fun rainbow vegetable pizza is the perfect way to get your kids (and you) to enjoy some healthy food this St. Patrick’s Day.
And, since holidays are stressful enough as is, this cold pizza couldn’t be easier!
You can even use a pre-made pizza crust. I used a leftover pre-cooked homemade pizza crust (this is my favorite healthy recipe), but you can also use a store-bought pizza crust.
Then just add a simple cream cheese mix and your favorite colorful veggies. My 4 year old helped me pick out a vegetable in each color and he was so excited to help build and eat the rainbow.
One of the best ways to get kids to eat more vegetables, in my experience, is to have them help pick them out and prepare them. And this pizza is the perfect way to do that.
Plus, eating veggies of every color is the best way to get more of the essential nutrients and vitamins your body needs. What better way to do that than with a vegetable rainbow?!
I hope you give this fun recipe a try and that your family loves it as much as mine did!
- 1 precooked pizza crust (homemade or store bought)
- 1 package (8 oz) cream cheese, softened
- 2 teaspoons dried parsley
- ½ teaspoon dried dill weed
- ½ teaspoon garlic powder
- ½ teaspoon onion powder
- ⅓ teaspoon ground black pepper
- ⅓ teaspoon dried chives
- ⅓ teaspoon salt
- colorful vegetables, chopped (I used purple cabbage, broccoli and red and yellow bell peppers)
- Cut the pre-cooked and cooled pizza crust into a rainbow shape.
- Stir together the softened cream cheese and all of the spices until mixed well. Spread the cream cheese mixture evenly on the pizza crust.
- Add the rows of chopped colorful vegetables.
- Slice and enjoy! Cover and refrigerate any leftovers. | <urn:uuid:d9e79707-a3f6-472f-aba8-33f97fdb07a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://simpleasthatblog.com/rainbow-vegetable-pizza/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.920675 | 538 | 1.726563 | 2 |
EMU is in its fifth week of all-online classes and students and professors alike continue to adjust to this new educational setting.
Because of the urgency of the COVID-19 pandemic, professors had to adjust course content to an online format in the middle of the semester with little warning. Using online tools like Canvas and Zoom, professors are challenged with making the transition smooth so as to give students the same quality of education as they were receiving while on campus.
This is a challenging task and speaking with professors across several different departments, the struggles that professors currently face range from technology issues to internal struggles to home-life changes.
Dr. Gregory Plagens, a professor in the political science department, said that he is struggling personally with the lack of interaction he now faces due to social isolation.
“I derive energy and motivation from those contacts . . . Being in front of a computer is a large part of being a faculty member, but the move to 100% computer work has introduced a mental challenge to overcome that I am working on day by day,” said Plagens.
He also said that overall, students have adapted well to the less-than-ideal circumstances, though some students have expressed disruptions in their personal lives that are now affecting their education.
“Overall, students in my courses have been incredibly resilient and upbeat about the changes. Like it or not, we have all been introduced to fully online education under less than ideal circumstances, but I am thankful that the university was able to give us so much technology to work with to complete our courses as best we can,” Plagens continued.
Christina-Marie Sears, who currently teaches WRTG 120 and 121, said that the biggest challenges she sees her students dealing with is lack of internet access and a disruption in their schedules. She also said some of her students are considered essential workers and that this can make coordinating class work more difficult.
On a bright note, Sears said that she thinks her students are devoted to their studies and that they are making an effort to support each other. She says the majority of her students are committed to finishing strong this semester.
Dr. You Li, an assistant professor of journalism, echoed similar sentiments stating that only two of her 80 students have disappeared from class after the online transition. Like other professors I spoke with, Li said transitioning her course content online has come with it’s challenges. She said it can take more than 2 hours to put together a 30-minute lecture to post online and that a class discussion that would normally take 10-15 minutes of class time, now takes over an hour to grade so as to give each student the proper feedback.
Dr. Li also has a daughter in kindergarten, who is now at home until school starts back up in September. Li said that having a child that needs to be homeschooled and requires attention around the clock makes teaching online even more difficult, but that setting boundaries for time, such as time for homeschooling and time for lecturing/grading has helped her greatly.
On top of normal class work such as lecturing, many professors are also engaged in research or various committees. Dr. Li said that class work makes up only one-third of her job, as she is also involved in two university committees and is a research chair for a division of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, while also collaborating on a data research project.
One thing is clear: although students and professors are all working from home now, the workload we all face has definitely not diminished.
One common theme among most professors was that most students prefer recorded lectures over real-time zoom lectures, so that students can complete lectures when it is convenient for them. Dr. Li said that of her students, only about 60% claimed to be able to attend zoom lectures.
Overall, most professors were encouraged by how their students are reacting to the change and there was certainly a sense of optimism in the fact that we are all facing this crisis together. It certainly seems that these professors are finding motivation in the strength and resilience of their students.
EMU professors and students alike are pushing forward in the name of education in these difficult times, and we are going to get through this together. I think everyone can agree we all look forward to being back on campus in the fall. | <urn:uuid:9e9d9716-5c58-4773-9fee-b34ef57aa3dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.easternecho.com/article/2020/04/emu-professors-react-to-the-transition-to-online-classes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.980252 | 889 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Wilson Mountain was named for Richaard Wilson, who was mauled and killed by a grizzly bear in 1885. The Wilson Moutain Trail begins by Midgley Bridge at the mouth of Wilson Canyon. The trail climbs the southeast face of the mountain to the First Bench. The bench, stretching along the east side of the mountain, is a down-faulted chuck of land 700 feet below the summit that was originally part of the moutaintop. The trail provides fine vieews of the Red Rock Country and across Verde Valley. The path intersects with the North Wilson Trail and continues to the top of Wilson Mountain.
The Hike House Sedona Trail Rating System provides actual hiker feedback and ratings of each of the Sedona hiking trails. The cumulative trail ratings for the Wilson Mountain Trail to First Bench submitted by fellow hikers is located above with the Trail Data. Your trail feedback and ratings are an important resource for fellow hikers and provide a personal account of your trail experience from which others may learn. So please hike Sedona, help others, and rate a trail today! | <urn:uuid:f9347c42-cee3-40b8-aa90-8ca089c3d761> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thehikehouse.com/tag/hiking-sedona/page/2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.952391 | 225 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Household Hazardous Waste Program
What is HHW?
Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) is as any unwanted or spent household product that can catch fire easily (flammable), eat away at or irritate living tissue (corrosive), react violently with water or other chemicals (reactive), or be poisonous to humans and animals (toxic). Usable household products may exhibit hazardous properties, but until they become a waste they are not appropriate for the mobile household hazardous waste program. Review our list of acceptable and unacceptable items before you come to a mobile collection event.
The average home in Tennessee produces 20 pounds of household hazardous waste each year. Typical items disposed of include cleaning fluids, pesticides, mercury thermometers and thermostats, swimming pool chemicals, paint thinner and automotive fluids. Some items that are accepted but may be recycled locally and on a year-round basis are used oil, rechargeable batteries, used antifreeze, propane cylinders, and compact fluorescent bulbs. Many of these items are commodities and may generate revenue for the local collection site. Regardless, local collection sites are more convenient for the customer and they help to save the state tens of thousands of dollars annually.
Items no longer accepted at the mobile HHW collections are alkaline batteries, paint, and electronics. Please contact your local Solid Waste Departments for collection and recycling guidance of paint and electronics. Often HHW events are hosted at the county convenience center where paint and electronic scrap are regularly managed. Alkaline batteries sold after May 13, 1996, have no mercury added and may be discarded in the regular trash. Nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd), nickel metal hydride (Ni-MH), lithium ion (Li-Ion) and small sealed lead-acid (Pb) batteries may be recycled at local collection sites that partner with Call2Recycle. You may find a drop-off location near you by entering your ZIP code at www.call2recycle.org/locator. Other items not accepted at the mobile HHW collections include ammunition, explosives, medical waste, radioactive material and any items from a school, commercial business or agri-business. Smoke detectors are not accepted, but may be recycled elsewhere.
You may be surprised at how easy it is to clean without these hazardous chemicals. Click here for a list of do-it-yourself green cleaning solutions, many of which are as simple as vinegar and lemon!
HHW Collection Events
Any Tennessee citizen can participate in the Mobile Household Hazardous Waste Collection Service. Collections only occur in the fall and spring to avoid extreme weather. The process is very simple. Check the collection schedule to determine a convenient event for you. The schedule is posted in January each year. You can also subscribe to our newsletter to receive collection event reminders for your county.
Check our list of Acceptable and Unacceptable Items to determine what you can bring. The day of the event, load the unwanted materials into your trunk or the back of your truck. For safety, don't mix materials, keep them in their original containers, double package any leaking containers, and place any breakable containers in a box, cushioned with newspaper. When you get to the event you will be surveyed to find out in what county you live and from how many households you are bringing waste.
Only households may use the service to dispose of hazardous wastes. No commercial, institutional, or agri-business waste will be accepted. The Tennessee Department of Agriculture runs an Agricultural Pesticide Waste Collection Program that will accept pesticides from farmers. Additionally, NO explosive, ordnance, ammunition, radioactives, or medical waste will be accepted. Smoke detectors are not accepted, but may be recycled elsewhere.
Tennessee's Mobile Collection Service has been in operation since 1993. Since then, there have been over 1000 one-day collections. Over 301,000 Tennessee families have brought in over 20 million pounds of household hazardous waste for proper disposal. The program is funded by a $0.90 per ton surcharge on waste entering landfills.
Safe Transportation of HHW to the Event
When transporting materials to the site, place containers in sturdy boxes lined with newspaper to prevent spills and cross-contamination in the trunk of a car or back of a truck. Be sure to keep materials away from children and pets. Materials should be kept in the original container whenever possible. If not, place the waste in a plastic jug with a secure lid and label its contents.
HHW Collection Facilities
If you are a resident of Knox, Hamilton, Davidson, Putnam, or Shelby Counties, you may take your HHW to the permanent collection site located in your county. Additionally, six temporary HHW containers have been strategically placed across the state for year-round disposal opportunities for all Tennessee residents. The locations of these temporary HHW containers and their days/hours of operation are listed on our THHWC page listed on the left bar.
VSQG - Schedule an Appointment for a Collection Near You
Very Small Quantity Generators, who generate less than 220 pounds of hazardous waste per month and have in storage less than 2,200 pounds, are now eligible to participate at the mobile HHW/VSQG Collection Events. To request a price quote and schedule an appointment please contact Clean Harbors Environmental Services at 615-643-3180 with a waste inventory. Most VSQG collection appointments will be scheduled immediately following the HHW event ending time.
This Page Last Updated: March 31, 2022 at 11:15 AM | <urn:uuid:10f1c8c6-96e7-439a-8443-4b21de65ecfc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.state.tn.us/environment/sw-mm-household-hazardous-waste-program.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.923431 | 1,136 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Chaugaon Kh is a village situated in Talode taluka of Nandurbar district in Maharashtra. As per the Population Census 2011, there are total 97 families residing in the village Chaugaon Kh. The total population of Chaugaon Kh is 410 out of which 189 are males and 221 are females thus the Average Sex Ratio of Chaugaon Kh is 1,169.
The population of Children of age 0-6 years in Chaugaon Kh village is 54 which is 13% of the total population. There are 20 male children and 34 female children between the age 0-6 years. Thus as per the Census 2011 the Child Sex Ratio of Chaugaon Kh is 1,700 which is greater than Average Sex Ratio (1,169) of Chaugaon Kh village.
As per the Census 2011, the literacy rate of Chaugaon Kh is 58.1%. Thus Chaugaon Kh village has higher literacy rate compared to 55% of Nandurbar district. The male literacy rate is 71.6% and the female literacy rate is 45.99% in Chaugaon Kh village.
As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act (Amendment 1998), Chaugaon Kh village is administrated by Sarpanch (Head of Village) who is elected representative of the village.
As per the Population Census 2011 data, following are some quick facts about Chaugaon Kh village.
Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 0% while Schedule Tribe (ST) were 95.1% of total population in Chaugaon Kh village.
In Chaugaon Kh village out of total population, 281 were engaged in work activities. 81.5% of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or Earning more than 6 Months) while 18.5% were involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 281 workers engaged in Main Work, 8 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 198 were Agricultural labourer.
Below are the list of villages near Chaugaon Kh village in Talode. | <urn:uuid:692304c2-4c9e-487b-80a9-0091a84f921b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://censusindia.co.in/villages/chaugaon-kh-population-nandurbar-maharashtra-525395 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.924374 | 704 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Our GPS trackers come with a SIM card (included and built into the product) connected to the 2G network (GPRS).
This SIM card is multi-network, which means that it can be connected to several phone operators. If it doesn’t pick up a signal in a specific area it will automatically try to connect to a different network. This means we can offer coverage for around 99% of the country.
Please note that your telephone operator has no impact on how the tracker works.
Our SIM cards are also multi-country. To see the detailed list of countries covered, click here:
It’s important to remember that there are white zones that exist, where the 2G network is particularly weak, which prevents our trackers from working properly. Forest and countryside areas are more likely to be white areas.
To find out if this concerns your area, simply check if you get phone network signal there (if you don’t, is there a telephone operator that performs better than yours in the area in question?); if not, our trackers will likely have connection issues in your area.
The 2G network has plenty of benefits but there are two main benefits that we think are important:
- It works without any distance limits. Your GPS tracker could be hundreds of miles away from you, or in another country, you’ll still be able to locate it. That’s a massive difference compared to Bluetooth trackers whose range is limited to a few metres.
- It means GPS is monitored in real time (up to a location every 10 seconds), essential for finding an animal that’s always on the move. GPS trackers without subscriptions (connected to the Lora or Sigfox networks) don’t offer such a high localisation frequency meaning they’d actually be completely useless when it comes to finding a lost dog or cat. | <urn:uuid:c265f9b8-afec-43bb-aea9-45caae24c7f8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.weenect.com/en/frequent-questions/network-coverage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.946329 | 391 | 1.625 | 2 |
It has been a very busy start to the year with lots of teaching one to one as well as group workshops at Assington Mill in Suffolk and The Museum of Cambridge, formerly the Folk Museum. The latter venues workshop formed part of The Cambridge History Festival and 12 learners made willow platters in a variety of willows, Birch pruning’s and Cambridgeshire Rush that I harvested last Summer. No mean feet as the session was only 3 hours long but the results were fabulous with rope making and 4 strand flat plaiting of the Rushes to create stripes of contrasting colour and texture.
One of my regular students was keen to focus on the Burkina plaiting technique so I spent a day guiding her through the weaving of a lightweight but strong shoulder basket. After taking time to select, clean and sort the Rushes into groups to be used at specific points within the basket, her focus was on how to hold the plait correctly with the vessel created upside down. It took about 6 hours to complete with a quick lunch and I think the resulting basket was super. | <urn:uuid:62ae17f2-3d88-4aff-8a95-cad76fb4362f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://elybasketmaker.com/2017/03/02/teaching-teaching-and-some-more-teaching/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.973886 | 220 | 1.75 | 2 |
Level 3 IT Solutions Technician
IT Solutions Technicians develop, implement and maintain complete IT solutions, including their hardware infrastructure (such as servers and (networks) and software (such as operating systems, middleware and applications). They work as part of a multi-disciplinary team. Many such teams will be modern “DevOps” style teams, which carry out the full set of stages across the whole solution lifecycle: requirements gathering, solution development, testing, implementation and ongoing support. In more traditional organisations the team is likely to be focused more at one or other end of this broad set of activities. Such teams may well be in transition to a modern “DevOps” style team.
The Level 3 Standard as an IT Solutions Technician has been accredited by the qualifications regulators for
England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and is part of the Qualifications and Credit Framework (QCF).
Achieving this qualification
This apprenticeship is recognised for entry onto the BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT, Register of IT Technicians confirming level 3 professional competence.
Those completing the apprenticeship can apply for registration.
Key Learning Points
IT Solutions Technicians undertake duties across the complete IT solution, working on the team’s core
activities so all apprentices take a common core (three units) and then choose one of two options:
IT Hardware Solutions Technicians undertake activities in the area of the infrastructure aspects of
solutions such as servers and networks (fixed or mobile)
IT Software Solutions Technicians (NOT Currently offered by UKSA) undertake activities in the area of
applications and supporting components such as databases.
The Core Units Are:
Unit One: Methodologies and Principles
This unit overs the range of concepts, approaches and techniques that are applicable to IT solution
methodologies and principles.
Unit Two: Core Technical IT Knowledge
This unit covers the range of concepts, approaches and techniques that are applicable to core technical IT.
Unit Three: Security and Legislation
This unit covers the range of concepts, approaches and techniques that are applicable to security and
legislation relevant to IT solutions.
In addition to the core, an IT Solution Technician will do ONE of the following two options:
Option 1: IT Software Solutions Technician
Software route – Software unit (not currently offered by UKSA)
Option 2: IT Hardware Solutions Technician
Hardware route – Hardware unit. This unit covers the range of concepts, approaches and techniques that are applicable to hardware. | <urn:uuid:bb12b0ad-b3f9-44cb-91fc-82791a23169a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://uk-skillsacademy.co.uk/training-and-apprenticeships/level-3-it-solutions-technician/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.911655 | 521 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Once again, it's time for our collaboration with the always amusing What Is It? Blog. Do you know what the pictured item is? Can you make a wild guess?
Place your guess in the comment section below. One guess per comment, please, though you can enter as many as you'd like. Post no URLs or weblinks, as doing so will forfeit your entry. Two winners: the first correct guess and the funniest (albeit ultimately wrong) guess will win T-shirt from the NeatoShop.
Please write your T-shirt selection alongside your guess. If you don't include a selection, you forfeit the prize, okay? May we suggest the Science T-Shirt, Funny T-Shirt and Artist-Designed T-Shirts?
For more clues, check out the What Is It? Blog. Good luck!
Update: No one guessed the correct answer for this one! According to the What Is It? blog, this is a raisin seeder. How effective it was in real use, I do not know. Most raisins these days are made from seedless grapes. As for the funniest answer, Thomas said this is a pair of salad tongs designed by M.C. Escher for his 'Relativity' salad. If you noticed the odd way the ends of this thing would match up, you'd think that, too! So Thomas wins a t-shirt from the NeatoShop. | <urn:uuid:05675ab0-a529-467b-97fc-f710a0935285> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.neatorama.com/2011/10/27/what-is-it-game-199/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.962095 | 300 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Digital Associate Editor for Policy & Politics
All articles mentioned in this blog post are free to access until 31 March 2019.
Europe is experiencing various forms of crises in governance, policy and politics at the continental, national and local levels. Whilst many of these have been brewing for some time, the sense of political crisis is increasing with EU policies challenged by national political actors, growth of populist parties, political fragmentation, weak governments and increasing poverty and inequality in many countries across the continent. Here at Policy & Politics we have recently published several articles that can help us make sense of these crises and contribute to the policy debates to help resolve them.
Journal Manager of Policy & Politics
Policy & Politics has been publishing cutting-edge papers on public and social policy, and politics for over 40 years and is committed to continuing to advance understanding of the dynamics of policy- making and implementation.
The journal’s co-editors invite proposals for themed issues that address some of the most critical challenges currently facing policymakers, and in doing so make a significant contribution to the field. Reflecting the significance and salience of these challenges, this call provides scholars with a unique opportunity to showcase new ideas and set the research agenda, with themed issues enjoying fast turnaround and prompt publication to maximise their impact.
Text by Sarah Brown based on Paul Thomas’ article: Changing Experiences of responsibilisation and contestation within counter-terrorism policies: the British Prevent experience
Britain’s Prevent Strategy was arguably the first post 9/11 attempt to operationalise ‘soft’, preventative counter-terrorism policies and it has been since significantly studied and copied by other states. Such preventative counter-terrorism policies adopted internationally have proved to be controversial, as fierce criticisms of Britain’s Prevent strategy have shown.
In some cases, subsequent modifications have attempted to address these criticisms but the negative public understanding of Prevent has stuck, based on those original criticisms.
Richard D. French
This blog post was originally published on the Discover Society – Policy and Politics blog on 2 January 2019.
I have watched an enthusiastic, well-intentioned lobby for evidence-based policy on my campus for several years. However, I frequently reflect that if I were to opine publicly on evolutionary biology, or astrophysics, with as little knowledge of the subject as various scientifically trained persons hold forth on public policy, I would soon be read out of the intellectually reputable part of the university community – and rightly so. | <urn:uuid:34d2a390-0909-40b5-89f5-b0f17fec80c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://policyandpoliticsblog.com/2019/01/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.944607 | 525 | 1.6875 | 2 |
We all crave a good night’s sleep.
But what do you do when you can’t get to sleep, or struggle to stay asleep? While one night in a while might be manageable, an ongoing sleep problem can have a huge impact on your daily activities – and your health.
The good news is that many sleep problems can be effectively treated or managed. It’s worth talking to your doctor to work out the possible causes of your insomnia, and how to sleep better.
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that makes it difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep. The Australian Health Department estimates that more than a third of Australians are not getting the sleep they need.
The underlying causes of insomnia are many and varied:
Poor sleep over an extended period of time can have a serious impact on your health, your quality of life and even your relationships with others:
Usually, a doctor will start by asking you about your sleep patterns. This could include questions like:
If you feel uncertain about the answers to some of these questions, your doctor might suggest that you start keeping a sleep diary.
A sleep diary helps you note down some of the patterns you observe around your sleep. You can note your bedtime and waketime. Or how many times you wake during the night — and for how long. You may even want to note down your electronic device habits around bedtime. All these things can help you work out how best to treat your insomnia.
Your doctor or specialist may refer you to an overnight sleep study. This can either be held at a special centre or at your home. These studies can often reveal important information about your sleep quality and potential underlying causes of insomnia.
The treatment for insomnia really depends on what’s causing your sleep problems to begin with.
For instance, women going through menopause often have trouble sleeping. Balancing the hormonal levels (e.g. hormone-replacement therapy) can help alleviate this type of insomnia.
Another example is obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). This is a condition where your breathing is repeatedly blocked — partially or completely —for more than 10 seconds during sleep. A medical device can be used during sleep to gently pump air into your airways and help prevent blockage. This can improve sleep quality.
Your treatment will also depend on whether your sleep problems are recent, or have been going on for some time.
If your sleep problems have cropped up recently, your doctor will help you identify the potential causes. For example, things at work or home could be causing you stress.
Your doctor may recommend using sleeping pills for a short period. Sleeping medications can be addictive, so they should only be used as a short term solution.
If your sleep problems have been going on for a while, your doctor can recommend ways to improve your sleep habits.
They may even recommend non-drug treatments such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). CBT works to undo unhelpful thoughts and behaviours that may be affecting the quality of your sleep.
Since many sleep disorders can be effectively treated, it’s worth speaking to a doctor. You can work out the possible causes of your sleep problems, and how to treat your insomnia.
If you’re wondering ‘Why can’t I sleep?’, you can book a Telehealth consultation with one of our doctors today. They can help you identify any causes of insomnia, and help you decide whether you need medication, or a specialist referral.
Are you wondering how to sleep better, the natural way? Your sleep hygiene – or healthy sleep habits – form the foundations for a good night’s rest. You could try some of these natural healthy habits to help improve your sleep:
The Sleep Health Foundation are Australia’s leading advocates for healthy sleep. They are passionate about helping Australians find the answer to ‘Why can’t I sleep?’
This year, they will be holding the ‘Sleep Awareness Week’ from March 14-20, 2021. This coincides with ‘World Sleep Day’ on March 19, 2021.
It might sound like this event encourages a day of sleep — and wouldn’t we all like that from time to time?
But actually, this annual event highlights the importance of healthy sleep. The Sleep Health Foundation wants to encourage us to prioritise sleep so that we can improve our overall health and well-being. You can follow them on Facebook or Twitter to find out more. | <urn:uuid:2551a9db-c6ac-405b-b1f6-7c527ea5e7e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.instantscripts.com.au/blog/why-cant-i-sleep-how-to-treat-insomnia-and-end-the-sleepless-nights/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.937488 | 927 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Report on Algorithmic Risk Assessment Tools in the U.S. Criminal Justice System
This report was written by the staff of the Partnership on AI (PAI) and many of our Partner organizations, with particularly input from the members of PAI’s Fairness, Transparency, and Accountability Working Group. Our work on this topic was initially prompted by California’s Senate Bill 10 (S.B. 10), which would mandate the purchase and use of statistical and machine learning risk assessment tools for pretrial detention decisions, but our work has subsequently expanded to assess the use of such software across the United States.
Though this document incorporated suggestions or direct authorship from around 30-40 of our partner organizations, it should not under any circumstances be read as representing the views of any specific member of the Partnership. Instead, it is an attempt to report the widely held views of the artificial intelligence research community as a whole.
The Partnership on AI is a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization established to study and formulate best practices on AI technologies, to advance the public’s understanding of AI, and to serve as an open platform for discussion and engagement about AI and its influences on people and society.
The Partnership’s activities are determined in collaboration with its coalition of over 80 members, including civil society groups, corporate developers and users of AI, and numerous academic artificial intelligence research labs. PAI aims to create a space for open conversation, the development of best practices, and coordination of technical research to ensure that AI is used for the benefit of humanity and society. Crucially, the Partnership is an independent organization; though supported and shaped by our Partner community, the Partnership is ultimately more than the sum of its parts and makes independent determinations to which its Partners collectively contribute, but never individually dictate. PAI provides administrative and project management support to Working Groups, oversees project selection, and provides financial resources or direct research support to projects as needs dictate.
The Partnership on AI is deeply grateful for the collaboration of so many colleagues in this endeavor and looks forward to further convening and undertaking the multi-stakeholder research needed to build best practices for the use of AI in this critical domain.
Report on Algorithmic Risk Assessment Tools in the U.S. Criminal Justice System
Minimum Requirements for the Responsible Deployment of Criminal Justice Risk Assessment Tools
Requirement 1: Training datasets must measure the intended variables
Requirement 2: Bias in statistical models must be measured and mitigated
Requirement 3: Tools must not conflate multiple distinct predictions
Requirement 4: Predictions and how they are made must be easily interpretable
Requirement 5: Tools should produce confidence estimates for their predictions
Requirement 6: Users of risk assessment tools must attend trainings on the nature and limitations of the tools
Requirement 7: Policymakers must ensure that public policy goals are appropriately reflected in these tools
Requirement 8: Tool designs, architectures, and training data must be open to research, review and criticismRequirement 8: Tool designs, architectures, and training data must be open to research, review and criticism
Requirement 9: Tools must support data retention and reproducibility to enable meaningful contestation and challenges
Requirement 10: Jurisdictions must take responsibility for the post-deployment evaluation, monitoring, and auditing of these tools
- For example, many risk assessment tools assign individuals to decile ranks, converting their risk score into a rating from 1-10 which reflects whether they’re in the bottom 10% of risky individuals (1), the next highest 10% (2), and so on (3-10). Alternatively, risk categorization could be based on thresholds labeled as “low,” “medium,” or “high” risk.
- Whether this is the case depends on how one defines AI; it would be true under many but not all of the definitions surveyed for instance in Stuart Russell & Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Prentice Hall, 2010, at 2. PAI considers more expansive definitions, that include any automation of analysis and decision making by humans, to be most helpful.
- In California, the recently enacted California Bail Reform Act (S.B. 10) mandates the implementation of risk assessment tools while eliminating money bail in the state, though implementation of the law has been put on hold as a result of a 2020 ballot measure funded by the bail bonds industry to repeal it; see https://ballotpedia.org/California_Replace_Cash_Bail_with_Risk_Assessments_Referendum_(2020); Robert Salonga, Law ending cash bail in California halted after referendum qualifies for 2020 ballot, San Jose Mercury News (Jan. 17, 2019), https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/01/17/law-ending-cash-bail-in-california-halted-after-referendum-qualifies-for-2020-ballot/. In addition, a new federal law, the First Step Act of 2018 (S. 3649), requires the Attorney General to review existing risk assessment tools and develop recommendations for “evidence-based recidivism reduction programs” and to “develop and release” a new risk- and needs- assessment system by July 2019 for use in managing the federal prison population. The bill allows the Attorney General to use currently-existing risk and needs assessment tools, as appropriate, in the development of this system.
- In addition, many of our civil society partners have taken a clear public stance to this effect, and some go further in suggesting that only individual-level decision-making will be adequate for this application regardless of the robustness and validity of risk assessment instruments. See The Use of Pretrial ‘Risk Assessment’ Instruments: A Shared Statement of Civil Rights Concerns, http://civilrightsdocs.info/pdf/criminal-justice/Pretrial-Risk-Assessment-Full.pdf (shared statement of 115 civil rights and technology policy organizations, arguing that all pretrial detention should follow from evidentiary hearings rather than machine learning determinations, on both procedural and accuracy grounds); see also Comments of Upturn; The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights; The Leadership Conference Education Fund; NYU Law’s Center on Race, Inequality, and the Law; The AI Now Institute; Color Of Change; and Media Mobilizing Project on Proposed California Rules of Court 4.10 and 4.40, https://www.upturn.org/static/files/2018-12-14_Final-Coalition-Comment-on-SB10-Proposed-Rules.pdf (“Finding that the defendant shares characteristics with a collectively higher risk group is the most specific observation that risk assessment instruments can make about any person. Such a finding does not answer, or even address, the question of whether detention is the only way to reasonably assure that person’s reappearance or the preservation of public safety. That question must be asked specifically about the individual whose liberty is at stake — and it must be answered in the affirmative in order for detention to be constitutionally justifiable.”) PAI notes that the requirement for an individualized hearing before detention implicitly includes a need for timeliness. Many jurisdictions across the US have detention limits at 24 or 48 hours without hearings. Aspects of this stance are shared by some risk assessment tool makers; see, Arnold Ventures’ Statement of Principles on Pretrial Justice and Use of Pretrial Risk Assessment, https://craftmediabucket.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/AV-Statement-of-Principles-on-Pretrial-Justice.pdf.
- See Ecological Fallacy section and Baseline D for further discussion of this topic.
- Quantitatively, accuracy is usually defined as the fraction of correct answers the model produces among all the answers it gives. So a model that answers correctly in 4 out of 5 cases would have an accuracy of 80%. Interestingly, models which predict rare phenomena (like violent criminality) can be incredibly accurate without being useful for their prediction tasks. For example, if only 1% of individuals will commit a violent crime, a model that predicts that no one will commit a violent crime will have 99% accuracy even though it does not correctly identify any of the cases where someone actually commits a violent crime. For this reason and others, evaluation of machine learning models is a complicated and subtle topic which is the subject of active research. In particular, note that inaccuracy can and should be subdivided into errors of “Type I” (false positive) and “Type II” (false negative) – one of which may be more acceptable than the other, depending on the context.
- Calibration is a property of models such that among the group they predict a 50% risk for, 50% of cases recidivate. Note that this says nothing about the accuracy of the prediction, because a coin toss would be calibrated in that sense. All risk assessment tools should be calibrated, butthere are more specific desirable properties such as calibration within groups (discussed in Requirement 2 below) that not all tools will or should satisfy completely.
- Sarah L. Desmarais, Evan M. Lowder, Pretrial Risk Assessment Tools: A Primer for Judges, Prosecutors, and Defense Attorneys, MacArthur Safety and Justice Challenge (Feb 2019). The issue of cross-comparison applies not only to geography but to time. It may be valuable to use comparisons over time to assist in measuring the validity of tools, though such evaluations must be corrected for the fact that crime in the United States is presently a rapidly changing (and still on the whole rapidly declining) phenomenon.
- As a technical matter, a model can be biased for subpopulations while being unbiased on average for the population as a whole.
- Note here that the phenomenon of societal bias—the existence of beliefs, expectations, institutions, or even self-propagating patterns of behavior that lead to unjust outcomes for some groups—is not always the same as, or reflected in statistical bias, and vice versa. One can instead think of these as an overlapping Venn diagram with a large intersection. Most of the concerns about risk assessment tools are about biases that are simultaneously statistical and societal, though there are some that are about purely societal bias. For instance, if non-uniform access to transportation (which is a societal bias) causes higher rates of failure to appear for court dates in some communities, the problem is a societal bias, but not a statistical one. The inclusion of demographic parity measurements as part of model bias measurement (see Requirement 2) may be a way to measure this, though really the best solutions involve distinct policy responses (for instance, providing transportation assistance for court dates or finding ways to improve transit to underserved communities).
- For instance, Eckhouse et al. propose a 3-level taxonomy of biases. Laurel Eckhouse, Kristian Lum, Cynthia Conti-Cook, and Julie Ciccolini, Layers of Bias: A Unified Approach for Understanding Problems with Risk Assessment, Criminal Justice and Behavior, (Nov 2018).
- Some of the experts within the Partnership oppose the use of risk assessment tools specifically because of their pessimism that sufficient data exists or could practically be collected to meet purposes (a) and (b).
- Moreover, defining recidivism is difficult in the pretrial context. Usually, recidivism variables are defined using a set time period, e.g., whether someone is arrested within 1 year of their initial arrest or whether someone is arrested within 3 years of their release from prison. In the pretrial context, recidivism is defined as whether the individual is arrested during the time after their arrest (or pretrial detention) and before the individual’s trial. That period of time, however, can vary significantly from case to case, so it is necessary to ensure that each risk assessment tool predicts an appropriately defined measure of recidivism or public safety risk.
- See, e.g., Report: The War on Marijuana in Black and White, ACLU (2013), https://www.aclu.org/report/report-war-marijuana-black-and-white; ACLU submission to Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Hearing on Reports of Racism in the Justice System of the United States, https://www.aclu.org/sites/default/files/assets/141027_iachr_racial_disparities_aclu_submission_0.pdf, (Oct 2017); Samuel Gross, Maurice Possley, Klara Stephens, Race and Wrongful Convictions in the United States, National Registry of Exonerations, https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Documents/Race_and_Wrongful_Convictions.pdf; but see Jennifer L. Skeem and Christopher Lowenkamp, Risk, Race & Recidivism: Predictive Bias and Disparate Impact, Criminology 54 (2016), 690, https://risk-resilience.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/journal-articles/files/criminology_proofs_archive.pdf (For some categories of crime in some jurisdictions, victimization and self-reporting surveys imply crime rates are comparable to arrest rates across demographic groups; an explicit and transparent reweighting process is procedurally appropriate even in cases where the correction it results in is small).
- See David Robinson and John Logan Koepke, Stuck in a Pattern: Early evidence on ‘predictive policing’ and civil rights, (Aug. 2016). https://www.upturn.org/reports/2016/stuck-in-a-pattern/ (“Criminologists have long emphasized that crime reports, and other statistics gathered by the police, are not an accurate record of the crime that happens in a community. In short, the numbers are greatly influenced by what crimes citizens choose to report, the places police are sent on patrol, and how police decide to respond to the situations they encounter. The National Crime Victimization Survey (conducted by the Department of Justice) found that from 2006-2010, 52 percent of violent crime victimizations went unreported to police and 60 percent of household property crime victimizations went unreported. Historically, the National Crime Victimization Survey ‘has shown that police are not notified of about half of all rapes, robberies and aggravated assaults.’”) See also Kristian Lum and William Isaac, To predict and serve? (2016): 14-19.
- Carl B. Klockars, Some Really Cheap Ways of Measuring What Really Matters, in Measuring What Matters: Proceedings From the Policing Research Meetings, 195, 195-201 (1999), https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/170610.pdf. [https://perma.cc/BRP3-6Z79] (“If I had to select a single type of crime for which its true level—the level at which it is reported—and the police statistics that record it were virtually identical, it would be bank robbery. Those figures are likely to be identical because banks are geared in all sorts of ways…to aid in the reporting and recording of robberies and the identification of robbers. And, because mostly everyone takes bank robbery seriously, both Federal and local police are highly motivated to record such events.”)
- ACLU, The War on Marijuana in Black and White: Billions of Dollars Wasted on Racially Biased Arrests, (2013), available at https://www.aclu.org/files/assets/aclu-thewaronmarijuana-rel2.pdf.
- Lisa Stoltenberg & Stewart J. D’Alessio, Sex Differences in the Likelihood of Arrest, J. Crim. Justice 32 (5), 2004, 443-454; Lisa Stoltenberg, David Eitle & Stewart J. D’Alessio, Race and the Probability of Arrest, Social Forces 81(4) 2003 1381-1387; Tia Stevens & Merry Morash, Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Boys’ Probability of Arrest and Court Actions in 1980 and 2000: The Disproportionate Impact of ‘‘Getting Tough’’ on Crime, Youth and Juvenile Justice 13(1), (2014).
- Delbert S. Elliott, Lies, Damn Lies, and Arrest Statistics, (1995), http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.182.9427&rep=rep1&type=pdf, 11.
- Simply reminding people to appear improves appearance rates. Pretrial Justice Center for Courts, Use of Court Date Reminder Notices to Improve Court Appearance Rates, (Sept. 2017).
- There are a number of obstacles that risk assessment toolmakers have identified towards better predictions on this front. Firstly, there is a lack of consistent data and definitions to help disentangle willful flight from justice from failures to appear for reasons that are either unintentional or not indicative of public safety risk. Policymakers may need to take the lead in defining and collecting data on these reasons, as well as identifying interventions besides incarceration that may be most appropriate for responding to them.
- This is known in the algorithmic fairness literature as “fairness through unawareness”; see Moritz Hardt, Eric Price, & Nathan Srebro, Equality of Opportunity in Supervised Learning, Proc. NeurIPS 2016, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1610.02413.pdf, first publishing the term and citing earlier literature for proofs of its ineffectiveness, particularly Pedreshi, Ruggieri, & Turini, Discrimination-aware data mining, Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining, Proc. SIGKDD (2008), http://eprints.adm.unipi.it/2192/1/TR-07-19.pdf.gz. In other fields, blindness is the more common term for the idea of achieving fairness by ignoring protected class variables (e.g., “race-blind admissions” or “gender-blind hiring”).
- Another way of conceiving omitted variable bias is as follows: data-related biases as discussed in Requirement 1 are problems with the rows in a database or spreadsheet: the rows may contain asymmetrical errors, or not be a representative sample of events as they occur in the world. Omitted variable bias, in contrast, is a problem with not having enough or the right columns in a dataset.
- These specific examples are from the Equivant/Northpoint COMPAS risk assessment; see sample questionnaire at https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/2702103/Sample-Risk-Assessment-COMPAS-CORE.pdf
- This list is by no means exhaustive. Another approach involves attempting to de-bias datasets by removing all information regarding the protected class variables. See, e.g., James E. Johndrow & Kristian Lum, An algorithm for removing sensitive information: application to race-independent recidivism prediction, (Mar. 15, 2017), https://arxiv.org/pdf/1703.04957.pdf. Not only would the protected class variable itself be removed but also variation in other variables that is correlated with the protected class variable. This would yield predictions that are independent of the protected class variables, but could have negative implications for accuracy. This method formalizes the notion of fairness known as “demographic parity,” and has the advantage of minimizing disparate impact, such that outcomes should be proportional across demographics. Similar to affirmative action, however, this approach would raise additional fairness questions given different baselines across demographics.
- See Moritz Hardt, Eric Price, & Nathan Srebro, Equality of Opportunity in Supervised Learning, Proc. NeurIPS 2016, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1610.02413.pdf.
- This is due to different baseline rates of recidivism for different demographic groups in U.S. criminal justice data. See J. Kleinberg, S. Mullainathan, M. Raghavan. Inherent Trade-Offs in the Fair Determination of Risk Scores. Proc. ITCS, (2017), https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.05807 and A. Chouldechova, Fair prediction with disparate impact: A study of bias in recidivism prediction instruments. Proc. FAT/ML 2016, https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.07524. Another caveat is that such a correction can reduce overall utility, as measured as a function of the number of individuals improperly detained or released. See, e.g., Sam Corbett-Davies et al., Algorithmic Decision-Making and the Cost of Fairness, (2017), https://arxiv.org/pdf/1701.08230.pdf.
- As long as the training data show higher arrest rates among minorities, statistically accurate scores must of mathematical necessity have a higher false positive rate for minorities. For a paper that outlines how equalizing FPRs (a measure of unfair treatment) requires creating some disparity in predictive accuracy across protected categories, see J. Kleinberg, S. Mullainathan, M. Raghavan. Inherent Trade-Offs in the Fair Determination of Risk Scores. Proc. ITCS, (2017), https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.05807; for arguments about the limitations of FPRs as a sole and sufficient metric, see e.g. Sam Corbett-Davies and Sharad Goel, The Measure and Mismeasure of Fairness: A Critical Review of Fair Machine Learning, working paper, https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.00023.
- Geoff Pleiss et al. On Fairness and Calibration (describing the challenges of using this approach when baselines are different), https://arxiv.org/pdf/1709.02012.pdf.
- The stance that unequal false positive rates represents material unfairness was popularized in a study by Julia Angwin et al. Machine Bias, ProPublica, https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing, (2016), and confirmed in further detail in e.g, Julia Dressel and Hany Farid, The accuracy, fairness and limits of predicting recidivism, Science Advances, 4(1), (2018), http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/advances/4/1/eaao5580.full.pdf. Whether or not FPRs are the right measure of fairness is disputed within the statistics literature.
- See, e.g., Alexandra Chouldechova, Fair prediction with disparate impact: A study of bias in recidivism prediction instruments, Big Data 5(2), https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/big.2016.0047, (2017).
- See, e.g., Niki Kilbertus et al., Avoiding Discrimination Through Causal Reasoning, (2018), https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.02744.pdf.
- Formally, the toolmaker must distinguish “resolved” and “unresolved” discrimination. Unresolved discrimination results from a direct causal path between the protected class and predictor that is not blocked by a “resolving variable.” A resolving variable is one that is influenced by the protected class variable in a manner that we accept as nondiscriminatory. For example, if women are more likely to apply for graduate school in the humanities and men are more likely to apply for graduate school in STEM fields, and if humanities departments have lower acceptance rates, then women might exhibit lower acceptance rates overall even if conditional on department they have higher acceptance rates. In this case, the department variable can be considered a resolving variable if our main concern is discriminatory admissions practices. See, e.g., Niki Kilbertus et al., Avoiding Discrimination Through Causal Reasoning, (2018), https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.02744.pdf.
- In addition to the trade-offs highlighted in this section, it should be noted that these methods require a precise taxonomy of protected classes. Although it is common in the United States to use simple taxonomies defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the US Census Bureau, such taxonomies cannot capture the complex reality of race and ethnicity. See Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity, 62 Fed. Reg. 210 (Oct 1997), https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-1997-10-30/pdf/97-28653.pdf. Nonetheless, algorithms for bias correction have been proposed that detect groups of decision subjects with similar circumstances automatically. For an example of such an algorithm, see Tatsunori Hashimoto et al., Fairness Without Demographics in Repeated Loss Minimization, Proc. ICML 2018, http://proceedings.mlr.press/v80/hashimoto18a/hashimoto18a.pdf. Algorithms have also been developed to detect groups of people that are spatially or socially segregated. See, e.g., Sebastian Benthall & Bruce D. Haynes, Racial categories in machine learning, Proc. FAT* 2019, https://dl.acm.org/authorize.cfm?key=N675470. Further experimentation with these methods is warranted. For one evaluation, see Jon Kleinberg, An Impossibility Theorem for Clustering, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 15, NeurIPS 2002.
- The best way to do this deserves further research on human-computer interaction. For instance, if judges are shown multiple predictions labelled “zero disparate impact for those who will not reoffend”, “most accurate prediction,” “demographic parity,” etc, will they understand and respond appropriately? If not, decisions about what bias corrections to use might be better made at the level of policymakers or technical government experts evaluating these tools.
- Cost benefit models require explicit tradeoff choices to be made between different objectives including liberty, safety, and fair treatment of different categories of defendants. These choices should be explicit, and must be made transparently and accountably by policymakers. For a macroscopic example of such a calculation see David Roodman, The Impacts of Incarceration on Crime, Open Philanthropy Project report, September 2017, p p131, at https://www.openphilanthropy.org/files/Focus_Areas/Criminal_Justice_Reform/The_impacts_of_incarceration_on_crime_10.pdf.
- Sandra G. Mayson, Dangerous Defendants, 127 Yale L.J. 490, 509-510 (2018).
- Id., at 510. (“The two risks are different in kind, are best predicted by different variables, and are most effectively managed in different ways.”)
- For instance, needing childcare increases the risk of failure to appear (see Brian H. Bornsein, Alan J. Thomkins & Elizabeth N. Neely, Reducing Courts’ Failure to Appear Rate: A Procedural Justice Approach, U.S. DOJ report 234370, available at https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/234370.pdf ) but is less likely to increase the risk of recidivism.
- For example, if the goal of a risk assessment tool is to advance the twin public policy goals of reducing incarceration and ensuring defendants appear for their court dates, then the tool should not conflate a defendant’s risk of knowingly fleeing justice with their risk of unintentionally failing to appear, since the latter can be mitigated by interventions besides incarceration (e.g. giving the defendant the opportunity to sign up for phone calls or SMS-based reminders about their court date, or ensuring the defendant has transportation to court on the day they are to appear).
- Notably, part of the holding in Loomis, mandated a disclosure in any Presentence Investigation Report that COMPAS risk assessment information “was not developed for use at sentencing, but was intended for use by the Department of Corrections in making determinations regarding treatment, supervision, and parole,” Wisconsin v. Loomis (881 N.W.2d 749).
- M.L. Cummings, Automation Bias in Intelligent Time Critical Decision Support Systems, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.91.2634&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
- It is important to note, however, that there is also evidence of the opposite phenomenon, whereby users might simply ignore the risk assessment tools’ predictions. In Christin’s ethnography of risk assessment users, she notes that professionals often “buffer” their professional judgment from the influence of automated tools. She quotes a former prosecutor as saying of risk assessment, “When I was a prosecutor I didn’t put much stock in it, I’d prefer to look at actual behaviors. I just didn’t know how these tests were administered, in which circumstances, with what kind of data.” From Christin, A., 2017, Algorithms in practice: Comparing web journalism and criminal justice, Big Data & Society, 4(2).
- See Wisconsin v. Loomis (881 N.W.2d 749).
- “Specifically, any PSI containing a COMPAS risk assessment must inform the sentencing court about the following cautions regarding a COMPAS risk assessment’s accuracy: (1) the proprietary nature of COMPAS has been invoked to prevent disclosure of information relating to how factors are weighed or how risk scores are to be determined; (2) risk assessment compares defendants to a national sample, but no cross- validation study for a Wisconsin population has yet been completed; (3) some studies of COMPAS risk assessment scores have raised questions about whether they disproportionately classify minority offenders as having a higher risk of recidivism; and (4) risk assessment tools must be constantly monitored and re-normed for accuracy due to changing populations and subpopulations.” Wisconsin v. Loomis (881 N.W.2d 749).
- Computer interfaces, even for simple tasks, can be highly confusing to users. For example, one study found that users failed to notice anomalies on a screen designed to show them choices they had previously selected for confirmation over 50% of the time, even after carefully redesigning the confirmation screen to maximize the visibility of anomalies. See Campbell, B. A., & Byrne, M. D. (2009). Now do voters notice review screen anomalies? A look at voting system usability, Proceedings of the 2009 Electronic Voting Technology Workshop/Workshop on Trustworthy Elections (EVT/WOTE ’09).
- This point depends on the number of input variables used for prediction. With a model that has a large number of features (such as COMPAS), it might be appropriate to use a method like gradient-boosted decision trees or random forests, and then provide the interpretation using an approximation. See Zach Lipton, The Mythos of Model Interpretability, Proc. ICML 2016, available at https://arxiv.org/pdf/1606.03490.pdf, §4.1. For examples of methods for providing explanations of complex models, see, e.g., Gilles Louppe et al., Understanding the variable importances in forests of randomized trees, Proc. NIPS 2013, available at https://papers.nips.cc/paper/4928-understanding-variable-importances-in-forests-of-randomized-trees.pdf; Marco Ribeiro, LIME – Local Interpretable
- Laurel Eckhouse et al., Layers of Bias: A Unified Approach for Understanding Problems With Risk Assessment, 46(2) Criminal Justice and Behavior 185–209 (2018), https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854818811379
- See id.
- See id.
- The lowest risk category for the Colorado Pretrial Assessment Tool (CPAT) included scores 0-17, while the highest risk category included a much broader range of scores: 51-82. In addition, the highest risk category corresponded to a Public Safety Rate of 58% and a Court Appearance Rate of 51%. Pretrial Justice Institute, (2013). Colorado Pretrial Assessment Tool (CPAT): Administration, scoring, and reporting manual, Version 1. Pretrial Justice Institute. Retrieved from http://capscolorado.org/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/CPAT_Manual_v1_-_PJI_2013.279135658.pdf
- User and usability studies such as those from the human-computer interaction field can be employed to study the question of how much deference judges give to pretrial or pre-sentencing investigations. For example, a study could examine how error bands affect judges’ inclination to follow predictions or (when they have other instincts) overrule them.
- As noted in Requirement 4, these mappings of probabilities to scores or risk categories are not necessarily intuitive, i.e. they are often not linear or might differ for different groups.
- In a simple machine learning prediction model, the tool might simply produce an output like “35% chance of recidivism.” A bootstrapped tool uses many resampled versions of the training datasets to make different predictions, allowing an output like, “It is 80% likely that this individual’s chance of recidivating is in the 20% – 50% range.” Of course these error bars are still relative to the training data, including any sampling or omitted variable biases it may reflect.
- The specific definition of fairness would depend on the fairness correction used.
- Humans are not naturally good at understanding probabilities or confidence estimates, though some training materials and games exist that can teach these skills; see eg: https://acritch.com/credence-game/
- To inform this future research, DeMichele et al.’s study conducting interviews with judges using the PSA tool can provide useful context for how judges understand and interpret these tools. DeMichele, Matthew and Comfort, Megan and Misra, Shilpi and Barrick, Kelle and Baumgartner, Peter, The Intuitive-Override Model: Nudging Judges Toward Pretrial Risk Assessment Instruments, (April 25, 2018). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3168500 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3168500;
- See the University of Washington’s Tech Policy Lab’s Diverse Voices methodology for a structured approach to inclusive requirements gathering. Magassa, Lassana, Meg Young, and Batya Friedman, Diverse Voices, (2017), http://techpolicylab.org/diversevoicesguide/.
- Such disclosures support public trust by revealing the existence and scope of a system, and by enabling challenges to the system’s role in government. See Pasquale, Frank. The black box society: The secret algorithms that control money and information. Harvard University Press, (2015). Certain legal requirements on government use of computers demand such disclosures. At the federal level, the Privacy Act of 1974 requires agencies to publish notices of the existence of any “system of records” and provides individuals access to their records. Similar data protection rules exist in many states and in Europe under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
- Reisman, Dillon, Jason Schultz, Kate Crawford, Meredith Whittaker, Algorithmic Impact Assessments: A Practical Framework for Public Agency Accountability, AI Now Institute, (2018).
- See Cal. Crim. Code §§ 1320.24 (e) (7), 1320.25 (a), effective Oct 2020.
- First Step Act, H.R.5682 — 115th Congress (2017-2018).
- For further discussion on the social justice concerns related to using trade secret law to prevent the disclosure of the data and algorithms behind risk assessment tools, see Taylor R. Moore,Trade Secrets and Algorithms as Barriers to Social Justice, Center for Democracy and Technology (August 2017), https://cdt.org/files/2017/08/2017-07-31-Trade-Secret-Algorithms-as-Barriers-to-Social-Justice.pdf.
- Several countries already publish the details of their risk assessment models. See, e.g., Tollenaar, Nikolaj, et al. StatRec-Performance, validation and preservability of a static risk prediction instrument, Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique 129.1 (2016): 25-44 (in relation to the Netherlands); A Compendium of Research and Analysis on the Offender Assessment System (OaSys) (Robin Moore ed., Ministry of Justice Analytical Series, 2015) (in relation to the United Kingdom). Recent legislation also attempts to mandate transparency safeguards, see Idaho Legislature, House Bill No.118 (2019).
- See, e.g., Jeff Larson et al. How We Analyzed the COMPAS Recidivism Algorithm, ProPublica (May 23, 2016), https://www.propublica.org/article/how-we-analyzed-the-compas-recidivism-algorithm. For a sample of the research that became possible as a result of ProPublica’s data, see https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=propublica+fairness+broward. Data provided by Kentucky’s Administrative Office of the Courts has also enabled scholar’s to examine the impact of the implementation of the PSA tool in that state. Stevenson, Megan, Assessing Risk Assessment in Action (June 14, 2018). Minn. L. Rev, 103, Forthcoming; available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=3016088
- For an example of how a data analysis competition dealt with privacy concerns when releasing a dataset with highly sensitive information about individuals, see Ian Lundberg et al., Privacy, ethics, and data access: A case study of the Fragile Families Challenge (Sept. 1, 2018), https://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.00103.pdf.
- See Arvind Narayanan et al., A Precautionary Approach to Big Data Privacy (Mar. 19, 2015), http://randomwalker.info/publications/precautionary.pdf.
- See id. at p. 20 and 21 (describing how some sensitive datasets are only shared after the recipient completes a data use course, provides information about the recipient, and physically signs a data use agreement).
- For a discussion of the due process concerns that arise when information is withheld in the context of automated decision-making, see Danielle Keats Citron, Technological Due Process, 85 Wash. U. L. Rev. 1249 (2007), https://ssrn.com/abstract=1012360. See also, Paul Schwartz, Data Processing and Government Administration: The Failure of the American Legal Response to the Computer, 43 Hastings L. J. 1321 (1992).
- Additionally, the ability to reconstitute decisions evidences procedural regularity in critical decision processes and allows individuals to trust the integrity of automated systems even when they remain partially non-disclosed. See Joshua A. Kroll et al., Accountable algorithms, 165 U. Pa. L. Rev. 633 (2016).
- The ability to contest scores is not only important for defendant’s rights to adversarially challenge adverse information, but also for the ability of judges and other professionals to engage with the validity of the risk assessment outputs and develop trust in the technology. See Daniel Kluttz et al., Contestability and Professionals: From Explanations to Engagement with Algorithmic Systems (January 2019), https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3311894
- “Criteria tinkering” occurs when court clerks manipulate input values to obtain the score they think is correct for a particular defendant. See Hannah-Moffat, Kelly, Paula Maurutto, and Sarah Turnbull, Negotiated risk: Actuarial illusions and discretion in probation, 24.3 Canada J. of L. & Society/La Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 391 (2009). See also Angele Christin, Comparing Web Journalism and Criminal Justice, 4.2 Big Data & Society 1.
- For further guidance on how such audits and evaluations might be structured, see, AI Now Institute, Algorithmic Impact Assessments: A Practical Framework for Public Agency Accountability, https://ainowinstitute.org/aiareport2018.pdf; Christian Sandvig et al., Auditing algorithms: Research methods for detecting discrimination on internet platform (2014).
- See John Logan Koepke and David G. Robinson, Danger Ahead: Risk Assessment and the Future of Bail Reform, 93 Wash. L. Rev. 1725 (2018).
- For a discussion Latanya Sweeney & Ji Su Yoo, De-anonymizing South Korean Resident Registration Numbers Shared in Prescription Data, Technology Science, (Sept. 29, 2015), https://techscience.org/a/2015092901. Techniques exist that can guarantee that re-identification is impossible. See the literature on methods for provable privacy, notably differential privacy. A good introduction is in Kobbi Nissim, Thomas Steinke, Alexandra Wood, Mark Bun, Marco Gaboardi, David R. O’Brien, and Salil Vadhan, Differential Privacy: A Primer for a Non-technical Audience, http://privacytools.seas.harvard.edu/files/privacytools/files/pedagogical-document-dp_0.pdf.
- Brandon Buskey and Andrea Woods, Making Sense of Pretrial Risk Assessments, National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, (June 2018), https://www.nacdl.org/PretrialRiskAssessment. Human Rights Watch proposes a clear alternative: “The best way to reduce pretrial incarceration is to respect the presumption of innocence and stop jailing people who have not been convicted of a crime absent concrete evidence that they pose a serious and specific threat to others if they are released. Human Rights Watch recommends having strict rules requiring police to issue citations with orders to appear in court to people accused of misdemeanor and low-level, non-violent felonies, instead of arresting and jailing them. For people accused of more serious crimes, Human Rights Watch recommends that the release, detain, or bail decision be made following an adversarial hearing, with right to counsel, rules of evidence, an opportunity for both sides to present mitigating and aggravating evidence, a requirement that the prosecutor show sufficient evidence that the accused actually committed the crime, and high standards for showing specific, known danger if the accused is released, as opposed to relying on a statistical likelihood.” Human Rights Watch, Q & A: Profile Based Risk Assessment for US Pretrial Incarceration, Release Decisions, (June 1, 2018), https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/06/01/q-profile-based-risk-assessment-us-pretrial-incarceration-release-decisions. | <urn:uuid:bacc5766-a5ba-48d2-aec4-b516bf50745a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://partnershiponai.org/workstream_tax/ai-criminal-justice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.887452 | 9,264 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Věrní a rozumní. Kapitoly o ekologické zpozdilosti (illustrator M. Sláma)Sold out
Title in English: The Faithful and the Reasonable. Chapters on Ecological Backwardness
This book follows the successful titles “The Colourful and the Green: Chapters on Voluntary Simplicity” and “The Half-Hearted and the Hesitant: Chapters on Ecological Luxury.” The author poses the question of why, at a time of continuing devastation of nature, people’s interest in nature conservation has been decreasing. Are the media to blame or is our numbness toward ecological problems rooted in our mental makeup that tends to supress unpleasant realities? The author also wants to find out why some people have remained faithful to nature. To get to the answers, she applies sociological, philosophical, psychological, and theological perspectives. An unexpected question that may surprise some readers then becomes: Actually, why should we protect nature when it can take care of itself? It is not weak; it is strong and cruel.
Librová’s students Vojtěch Pelikán, Lucie Galčanová, and Lukáš Kala interview the children of “the Colourful,” too: have they inherited their parents’ modest lifestyle? | <urn:uuid:21287c2c-9004-4c62-a04f-7e01a5bf6630> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://munishop.muni.cz/en/catalog/books/verni-a-rozumni-kapitoly-o-ekologicke-zpozdilosti-illustrator-m-slama-00000000072 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.872914 | 288 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Western New York Southtowns Scenic Byway
The Heart of the Buffalo Southtowns
Ashford • Aurora • Boston • Colden • Concord • East Aurora
Ellicottville • Orchard Park • Springville
Welcome to the Byway!
Situated southeast of metropolitan Buffalo, the Western New York Southtowns are graced with a series of highways brought together under the banner of the Western New York Southtowns Scenic Byway. The Byway unites Erie and Cattaraugus Counties, and numerous towns and villages, into a regional attraction for tourists and the citizens of the area.
The Byway forms a 108-mile scenic loop that runs from the towns of Orchard Park and Aurora south through Boston, Colden, and Concord, through Ashford down to Ellicottville, and terminating at the southern Ellicottville town line.
Routes US 219, NY 240, and NY 242 guide the traveler through the foothills of the Allegheny Mountains. A drive in the Northern section of the byway reveals scenic attractions that include: the Sinking Ponds Archaeological site, Chestnut Ridge Park, Sprague Brook Park, and Knox Farm State Park.
Historical revelations abound and a visit to Orchard Park’s Railroad Depot, the Johnson-Jolls House, and Quaker Meetinghouse are a must. The Village of East Aurora welcomes everyone to the renowned Roycroft Campus. Stops in Colden and Boston allow the traveler to enjoy fall’s splendor and winter’s sporting adventures. The Village of Springville and the town of Concord are in the center of the newly expanded byway. They beckon you to visit Scoby Dam which boasts superb trout fishing, camping at Sprague Brook, and a vibrant village shopping and dining experience.
The Byway’s expansion to Cattaraugus County completes its goal to be the Heart of the Southtowns. Upon crossing Cattaraugus Creek, you enter the town of Ashford, founded in 1824 by a Revolutionary War veteran. Driving south on NY 240 takes you to the Hamlet of West Valley, and soon a junction with NY 242. This route coincides with early 19th-century railroad development to service the burgeoning economies of the WNY Southtowns. US 219 provides the western border of the Byway in Cattaraugus County. One of the main attractions is the Griffis Sculpture Park, where steel sculptures have been continuously installed on a 450-acre park since the early 1960s.
As we continue our journey, we reach Ellicottville. The community is a year-round experience. Its ski slopes attract visitors from the entire northeast region, and its summer and fall festivals attract hundreds of thousands of people. Upon entering the village, the traveler is greeted with unique shopping choices and a place that is full of history and historically significant buildings, including a building known as the Market Place. It was built in 1885 by a Civil War officer who served under General Sherman in numerous conflicts, including Chancellorsville.
The Western New York Southtowns Scenic Byway, Inc. is a 501(c)(3) Corporation registered with the IRS as a nonprofit corporation. Contributions are deductible under section 170 of the Federal Tax Code. Its EIN is 26-4497213. | <urn:uuid:42f6d823-8942-429d-be6d-5b37f8a70fcf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wnyssb.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.922621 | 693 | 1.546875 | 2 |
You should try to solve the question by yourselves. If you struggle, don’t stay stuck for too long (too long is not 5 mins!), but work and discuss the problem with other students in small groups. Once you have found a potential solution, write up your solution individually.
Exercise 1 State whether the following statements are true, false, or uncertain, and brie y give the reason for your answers. The explanation is more important than the correct classification.
Exercise 2 A country (“Home”) is populated with workers who produce either food (F ) or clothing (C). There are 300 workers producing food and 100 producing clothing – these numbers are mixed in the short run. Each food worker produces 5 units of food and each clothing worker produces 3 units of clothing. Workers own the output they produce and can trade with another. All workers share the same preferences over food and clothing represented by the utility function: U(DC;DF ) = DC2DF | <urn:uuid:032ec3b2-f954-4342-9e2d-da73dbc65551> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.perfectacademic.com/introduction-trade-assignment-project/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.934152 | 203 | 3.796875 | 4 |
The Derby Royal Infirmary replaced the old General Infirmary on the same site on London Road in the 1890s. The site was originally part of the Castlefield estate, acquired in 1806. Before the advent of the Health Service the hospital was run by trustees and each summer Hospital Day was held to raise money for the institution. (1)
Derbyshire Royal Infirmary founded 1810. Nightingale Wing 1869 by H I Stevens. Main part of the infirmary, built c.1890, is gradually being replaced by new buildings. The Victorian hospital is red brick, Jacobean style, originally with a gabled central block with two detached wings faced with stone loggias, and corner towers with ogee caps. (2)
The Derbyshire General Infirmary in London Road, Derby, was both funded and apparently also designed by William Strutt, with the help of a local architect, and built 1806-10. It was a functional building well ahead of its time, with comfortable furnishings and modern equipment and many of its more ingenious features would have derived from Strutt's experience with the iron-frame mills at Belper. It was described by Karl Friedrich Schinkel, who was taken to see it in 1826: "Visited the famous Infirmary with Mr Strutt, fine, pleasant building in every way. Magnificent staircase. The steps faced with lead plates. The famous hot-air heating, water-closet with shutters, movement of air in and out of the rooms, the stale air is drawn off by a rotating ventilator on the roof…". Schinkel sketched the ground plan and section of a sanitary facility in his journal, describing how the ventilation system worked. (3)
Foundation stone laid in 1891 by Queen Victoria. The four remaining pavilion hospital buildings with domes are of a debased early English Renaissance / Jacobean style. The former arcade linking the buildings is now incorporated into the site and much altered. None remaining of original infirmary of the early 19th C. Designed by Hall and Young London. Devonshire House was built in the late 19th C as a nurses’ home, and extended substantially in the early 20th century with a new wing of a similar design facing Bradshaw Way. Jacobean style and three storeys with repetitive gables with ball finials, and twin and triple plain sash windows with central stone mullions and stone surrounds. Stone pedimented doorcase at original entrance on southwestern elevation. Wide rectangular repetitive chimneys which have not been altered. Built just after construction of the Derbyshire Royal Infirmary main hospital. (4)
Historic building recording and photographic record undertaken of standing buildings. (5, 6, 7)
Bibliographic reference: Craven, M. 1996. The Illustrated History of Derby Suburbs. p 72.
Bibliographic reference: Pevsner, N. 1979. The Buildings of England: Derbyshire. 2nd ed., revised. p 188.
Bibliographic reference: Schinkel, K F (edited by Bindman, D & Riemann, G). 1993. 'The English Journey', Journal of a Visit to France and Britain in 1826.
Bibliographic reference: Derby City Council. 2010. City of Derby Local List. p 21.
Unpublished document: Mora-Ottomano, A (ARS). 2013. Derbyshire Royal Infirmary Hospital, Derby, Volume 1: Historic Building Recording of 31 Buildings at Levels 1 and 2.
Unpublished document: Mora-Ottomano, A (ARS). 2014. Derbyshire Royal Infirmary Hospital, Derby, Volume 2: Historic Building Recording Level 3 of Buildings 28, 38, 43 and 83.
Unpublished document: Mora-Ottomano, A (ARS). 2014. Derbyshire Royal Infirmary Hospital, Derby, Volume 3: Historic Building Recording of Level 3 Buildings 41, 45, 49, 57 and 66.
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BACKGROUND--Chronic bronchitis causes high morbidity and mortality throughout the world. It is basically a preventable disease. However, few population based studies of chronic bronchitis have been carried out in less developed countries. METHODS--A population based cross sectional survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of chronic bronchitis and associated risk factors in an urban area (Pelotas) of southern Brazil. 1053 subjects aged 40 years and over (90.3% of eligible subjects) were interviewed using the ATS-DLD-78 questionnaire. RESULTS--Of the subjects interviewed 12.7% were classified as having chronic bronchitis. In univariate analyses a significant increase in the relative odds of chronic bronchitis was seen in men (OR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.50 to 3.13), low family income (OR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.47 to 4.47 for lowest quartile), low schooling (OR = 4.65, 95% CI 2.36 to 9.18 for those with no schooling), smoking habits (OR = 6.92, 95% CI 4.22 to 11.36 for smokers of 20 or more cigarettes per day), high occupational exposure to dust (OR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.56 to 3.94), inadequate housing (OR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.58), high level of indoor air pollution (OR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.99), and reported childhood respiratory illnesses (OR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.49). Multiple logistic regression resulted in the identification of the following independent risk factors: family income (OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.81 for subjects in the lowest quartile compared with those in the highest quartile), schooling (OR = 5.60, 95% CI 2.52 to 12.45 for subjects with no schooling compared with those with nine or more years), smoking (OR = 8.10, 95% CI 4.46 to 14.71 for smokers of 20 or more cigarettes per day compared with non-smokers), and history of major respiratory illnesses in childhood (OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.85). CONCLUSIONS--Low family income, poor schooling, smoking, and childhood respiratory illnesses were significantly associated with chronic bronchitis.
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BSL Sign Language Dictionary
Search and compare thousands of words and phrases in British Sign Language (BSL). The largest collection online.
How to sign: congenital disorder consisting of an inability to digest milk and milk products; absence or deficiency of lactase results in an inability to hydrolyze lactose
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Similiar / Same: lactase deficiency, milk intolerance
Categories: congenital disease, genetic abnormality, genetic defect, genetic disease, genetic disorder, hereditary condition, hereditary disease, inherited disease, inherited disorder
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Willow Lake Wastewater Treatment plant reduces waste
Willow Lake Wastewater Treatment plant handles more than 30 million gallons a day of the stuff most people want to flush away and forget.
But it’s the staff’s focus on that wastewater — how it is treated, recycled, and used to produce energy — that has a significant impact on the environment, particularly places that people love, such as the Willamette River.
“Wastewater treatment itself is the greatest environmental improvement since the 60s and 70s when the environmental movement picked up steam,” said Steve Hall, a lab analyst at Willow Lake and the treatment facility’s green team leader. “Wastewater treatment has had the greatest impact on the environment. Everything comes here from people’s houses and industries and the health of the Willamette River and the greater community is dependent on what goes on here.”
Willow Lake Wastewater Treatment plant services more than 60 square miles and includes the cities of Salem, Keizer and Turner.
The facility has been EarthWISE certified since 2010. The EarthWISE program is a free business environmental assistance program of Marion County. EarthWISE staff helps businesses recycle, save energy, reduce waste and much more. To earn certification, a business meets criteria in six areas. Willow Lake is one of more than 150 EarthWISE agencies, nonprofits and businesses in Marion County.
Since Willow Lake deals with so much water each day, it makes sense that reusing it is one of the facility’s top priorities. After treatment, at least a million gallons per day is used to either irrigate the 40 acres that comprise the facility or for other internal processes such as cooling pumps or being processed in the natural treatment wetlands.
“Recycled water is fully treated but not potable,” said Stephanie Eisner, wastewater treatment operations manager. “Instead of returning it to the river, we use it here.”
The solids in the wastewater are also put to good use at Willow Lake. Once the solids are separated from the liquid, they are put in a digester where they decompose and produce methane. Willow Lake captures that methane, burns it and makes energy —enough to cover one-third of the energy needed to run the facility.
A new cogeneration engine is being designed right now that will produce 50 percent of the energy needed to run Willow Lake. It should be running in two to three years.
Other energy-saving projects — made possible with incentives from the Energy Trust of Oregon — add up to hundreds of thousands of dollars saved each year. By replacing the diffusers in the aeration basin, the facility saves about $91,000 a year. The replacement of a primary effluent pump for a smaller, more efficient one has saved about $18,000 a year on the electric bill. And by installing an efficient turbo blower for the aeration basin, the annual utility bill has dropped another $18,000 a year.
“We have an energy team and we do a lot of things internally to reduce energy,” Eisner said. “That’s one of our largest expenses for our plant. We’ve been working with the Energy Trust of Oregon to continually look for ways to reduce our energy usage. We’ve found air leaks, new ways to process the material and times when we can turn off pumps.”
Even though they produce smaller savings, lighting updates have helped the facility be more energy efficient. Motion sensors, outdoor lighting on timers and T8 and LED bulbs are helping to keep the electricity costs at the plant to a minimum.
In keeping with conserving resources, the 53 employees at Willow Lake generally don’t use gas vehicles to drive around the campus. There are 14 electric carts and approximately 20 bicycles (with baskets) for employees to quickly move from one area of the treatment facility to another.
A recycling area ensures that paper, cardboard, plastic and aluminum cans from employees are all property recycled. The cogeneration facility uses motor oil, and Willow Lake recycles about 1,000 gallons of it a year.
“We get good ideas from employees related to coming up with energy-saving or other green ideas,” Eisner said. “I think that our employees work at being good stewards and keeping the Willamette clean. We all think of ourselves as environmentalists.”
For more information on other projects that are planned for the Willow Lake Treatment Facility, go to www.cityofsalem.net/Pages/willow-lake-wastewater-treatment.aspx. To learn about the EarthWISE program, visit www.mcEarthWISE.net. | <urn:uuid:0161c7c8-b684-4789-bc5d-2f68d1fda5ad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.statesmanjournal.com/story/money/business/2017/11/10/willow-lake-wastewater-treatment-plant-reduces-waste/826079001/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.940188 | 977 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Particularly striking at night, when its emblazoned “Trenton Makes, the World Takes” inscription reflects back off of the Delaware River in red neon light, the Lower Trenton Toll-Supported Bridge is widely considered to be the city’s most iconic landmark.
Famously visible to passers-by via train or car, it’s a nod to Trenton’s rich industrial past, back when the city was a leader in manufacturing and at the forefront of getting things done.
There’s clearly a cynical remark to be made here about the current state of affairs under the golden dome on State Street, but we’ll let you come up with that on your own.
And while nostalgia is fine and all, Trenton city economic development specialist Eric Maywar would argue that the capital city’s best days as a manufacturing hub might not be behind it.
Of the more than 60 manufacturers based in the city, Maywar, who also owns Classics, a popular downtown bookstore, rattled off at least seven companies that have grown or made a significant investment in the city over the last two years, or at least plan to do so in the near future.
Trenton was not immune, by any stretch of the imagination, to the nationwide downturn in manufacturing over the last few decades, and evident signs of that are still scattered throughout the city.
Still, unlike in some other areas across the state, Trenton never really saw its manufacturing base completely swept away, either.
“There has always been that thriving core of manufacturing that was never gone,” Maywar said.
Maywar says that part of the manufacturing rebound in the city is related to things “that we can’t take credit for,” referencing the natural uptick in the economy since the most recent recession.
“Now that the economy is back on course, demand is up and they’re able to grow again,” Maywar said.
And the city is doing whatever it can to help sustain that growth, Mayor Eric Jackson said.
“Although the manufacturing sector has contracted somewhat in America, manufacturing companies in Trenton continue to thrive, innovate and drive employment,” Jackson said. “They are incontrovertible contributors to our local economy, and we’re working to keep it that way, so business retention and attraction is a critical imperative at city hall.”
But that doesn’t mean that this handful of Trenton manufacturers has been able to skirt the tides of innovation and modernism.
Over at City Beef on North Willow Street, for instance, owners Rick Tarantino and Jim Nelson have embraced them. On its surface, the building that houses their 61-year-old meat and food wholesale and distribution business is a relic of a bygone era, when meatpackers were popular fixtures on city streets.
Walk inside, however, and you’ll find that it’s not just meat racks anymore.
After purchasing the business in 2014, Tarantino and Nelson have added a full commercial kitchen equipped with special machinery to support their growing array of food products, which includes everything from sautéed broccoli rabe to biltong, a seasoned dried meat akin to jerky that’s popular in South Africa.
Trenton-based manufacturers seeing growth:
- Case Pork Roll: Producer of New Jersey’s iconic pork roll, Case plans to hire 20 to 40 new workers as it ups production to meet increasing demand.
- City Beef: A meat and food product wholesaler and distributor, City Beef wants to increase its space by 3,800 square feet to accommodate new production lines and growing demand.
- Hibbert Company: The printing and marketing campaign management firm received approval in June for a 10-year, $33.6 million Grow New Jersey award from the Economic Development Authority to stay in Trenton and renovate its over 100-year-old location.
- Hutchinson Industries: The military-grade wheel manufacturer is looking to add 20 new employees this year.
- Switlik: The marine and aviation survival gear manufacturer is currently planning to expand and add new employees, though no figures have yet been set.
- Tektite Industries: The producer and distributor of military-grade LED lights and knives added new employees this year and plans on hiring more soon.
“This is the source of our growth,” Nelson says, standing in the kitchen.
The move to include a new product line has City Beef currently planning to nearly double in size, by roughly 3,800 square feet. New employees already have been added to the kitchen space and Tarantino and Nelson say more hires are on the way as expansion nears.
But as the company eyes growth, its focus is still primarily local.
Tarantino and Nelson take pride in the fact that area institutions such as Rossi’s and DeLorenzo’s use meat from City Beef to make their widely hailed burgers and sausage pizzas, respectively.
And when the 1911 Smokehouse Bar-B-Que opened up to much fanfare downtown last fall, the owner came to City Beef looking to develop a signature barbecue sauce.
“City Beef lives in this sort of niche world, where we custom develop, we push and pack,” Tarantino said.
Shifting to the other end of the manufacturing spectrum, Tektite Industries, a producer and distributor of military-grade LED lights and knives over on North Clinton Street, has added new employees this year and plans on hiring more soon.
Company President Scott Mele says that, with up to 30 percent of his business each year coming from exports, location isn’t really of the utmost concern to Tektite, which moved to its current built-to-suit location in Trenton from Hamilton in 2000.
Mele says that, while he’s done his due diligence in scouting other potential sites over the years, the potential costs associated with leaving the area have never added up.
But, aside from the favorable strategic location that Trenton offers a company that relies on shipping, Mele says the city also brings with it a sense of legitimacy. And whether that’s real or just perceived, Mele is pleased enough with the notion to grow his business in the capital city.
“I’m happy being here,” Mele said. “I’m happy being able to put on our website ‘Trenton Makes, the World Takes’ and put a little clip of the bridge picture at night.
“The fact that we’re in the state capital, in Trenton, it’s a known manufacturing hub. It just makes people a little more comfortable for us, no matter who it is. Whether its government customers or commercial customers.”
Interestingly enough, with the Route 1 corridor just a breath away, Mele’s chief complaint over the years has been rooted in workforce development.
“The issue that we have sometimes is finding skilled labor,” he said. “If there’s nobody here in the city, trying to find people to travel to the city to do it. So, it’s been a challenge over the years, but, generally, we’ve succeeded.”
And that’s where the city is stepping in these days, under the Jackson administration, hosting meetings with its manufacturers and aiming to provide a platform for companies to voice its concerns.
Workforce development has been the group’s primary focus as of late, and the city has worked to pair businesses with colleges and universities in the region to collaboratively address the issue.
“It’s nice to have a core group,” Maywar said of the city’s manufacturers, particularly with strength in numbers to those in the food industry. “They’re really strong industry partners. It’s nice to start there.”
As Trenton looks to bring more manufacturing jobs to town and work to keep those already there, Maywar says that incentives will surely be part of the equation.
In June, the state Economic Development Authority approved a 10-year, $33.6 million Grow New Jersey award for the Hibbert Company, a Trenton-based printing and marketing campaign management firm, to reinvest in the city by renovating its over 100-year-old facility on Pennington Avenue, as opposed to heading to Bucks County.
Projects in the city are eligible for some of New Jersey’s most attractive incentive offerings under the Economic Opportunity Act, as Trenton is listed as one of the state’s Garden State Growth Zones. The city does also feature an Urban Enterprise Zone designation; however, it’s unclear what the future of that program will be as it lacks continuing support from Gov. Chris Christie.
Jackson says that, in addition to aiding its manufacturing base, the city is currently placing a priority on growing market-rate housing and commercial retail space.
“We believe that, if we build the kind of quality housing product that consumers seek in other competitive urban markets, they will come to Trenton because housing is less expensive than in neighboring markets,” Jackson said. “Also, because of our history, robust arts scene, urban grit, easy access to major highways and proximity to New York and Philadelphia.”
E-mail to: firstname.lastname@example.org
On Twitter: @andrgeorge | <urn:uuid:33d770f2-70af-4ad6-b1e4-1d49d9a64eb4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://njbiz.com/new-growth-in-trenton-is-sign-of-the-times/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.957715 | 1,975 | 1.539063 | 2 |
The procedure for telepsychiatry is similar to that in conventional mental health care. In many states patients are referred to psychiatrists psychiatrist through their main healthcare doctor or a local clinic, and the doctor confirms insurance coverage. After confirming the insurance coverage, the video consultation is scheduled. Telepsychiatry services are offered in the majority of states, but providers must keep in mind local laws.
What is Telepsychiatry Services?
Telepsychiatry services provide specific care to patients suffering from problems with their minds. Contrary to traditional clinics and clinics, telepsychiatry specialists don’t have access to any patient’s personal information. They use the use of video chat or telephone technology to provide a consultation. Although telepsychiatry appointments are equally effective as visits in person however, not every patient is suitable to receive this type of treatment.
Telepsychiatry’s benefits are numerous. It’s easy and lets the patient have access to the services of a psychiatrist without having to travel to an office. Since it’s conducted over the internet, telepsychiatry consultations are totally private. Furthermore, telepsychiatrists can prescribe medications and talk about the issue with the patient privately. These advantages are important for patients that aren’t able to go to a physical clinic to get treatment.
Telepsychiatry can assist in reaching out to those who are not reached with a high degree of accessibility. With a wide number of primary health clinics already established, offering an additional opinion to these physicians could benefit thousands of patients.
There are numerous advantages of Telepsychiatry to mental health professionals. Apart from providing better access to healthcare Telepsychiatry can reduce the cost of boarding and increases the quality of treatment. Patients can access their own health records as well as annotations. Telepsychiatry can be a good alternative for people with hectic life and who don’t have access to traditional psychiatrist.
The effectiveness of Telepsychiatry
The efficacy of telepsychiatry has been challenged due to various reasons. While most patients have high ratings for the treatment, the providers have expressed concerns over the negative impact of telepsychiatry on therapeutic relationship. The absence of physical presence at the hospital or clinic and the lack of interaction directly with the practitioner are the primary concerns according to the study. Telepsychiatry, however, has been evaluated against face-to face services in a variety of ways that include the reliability of assessments by a doctor and results of treatment.
A number of studies have evaluated the efficacy of telepsychiatry for instance, a study that assessed the accuracy of diagnoses made by clinical professionals by using SCIDs that are computerized. Another study evaluated the validity of depression severity scores for depressive symptoms with three criteria, including assessment of children, anxiety treatments, adult autism, adult ADHD as well as neuropsychological assessments. The other studies evaluated the range of targets that include alcohol consumption as well as diagnostic accuracy, the ability to stand trial, as well as psychosis.
online Psychiatry Appointment
If you are suffering with mental health problems If you suffer from mental health issues, now is the time to book an appointment online with a psychiatry specialist. The first appointment typically lasts 45 minutes to 1 hour. It is possible to arrange it to suit your needs. It’s best to schedule your first appointment ahead of time to give the doctor an overview of your situation. Following-up appointments on the contrary, will assist them in determining the best treatment for you. Selecting an online psychiatrist isn’t an easy undertaking, particularly if do not have the time to schedule an appointment. There are numerous ways to schedule appointments online.
Telemedicine in the field of psychiatry
Although telepsychiatry can provide many advantages however, it also has limitations that are similar to traditional psychiatric treatment. Patients should consult their primary physician prior to receiving a prescription, and there are times when a consultation does not result in prescriptions. But, the majority of patients are pleased with the services provided by telepsychiatry as the relationship between doctor and patient stays in good standing. Telepsychiatry has its limitations, for instance issues with communication, and the treatment of some patients’ plans. More research is needed to find out which patients are the best suited to telepsychiatry.
Telepsychiatry services using distance technology are becoming increasingly sought-after. Telepsychiatry is particularly adaptable to the technology of distance and can be used as a model for different areas of expertise. This chapter focuses on the history and the current models of Telepsychiatry. The authors reference cases studies, literature reviews Meta-analyses systematic reviews, and professional guidelines to justify this innovative method of treatment. The chapter also addresses ethical and legal issues regarding telepsychiatry services. | <urn:uuid:41f6b530-a3dd-4ec2-9f74-296122146f0a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://memorytrees.org/telemedicine-telepsychiatry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.953117 | 986 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Welcome to High Cross Primary School's ALN Page. Below you will find information and links to videos to support you in finding out about ALN.
High Cross Primary School is an inclusive school where all staff are committed to the success of each and every pupil.
All children are valued, respected and welcomed to our school, whatever their additional educational needs may be. We support children’s learning and aim to ensure they are fully included in all school activities.
Our Additional Learning Needs Policy gives information to parents & carers, teachers and Governors about the way individual pupils can be helped.
ALN at High Cross Primary School
Here are some very helpful documents and videos to give you further insight into ALN and what we do as a school to support your child through their ALN journey. Click here
Additional Learning Needs (ALN) Transformation
ALN Transformation information for parents - guide
Websites and Resources
Here are a list of websites and resources that have been put together to help support pupils with ALN. Most of these are also suitable for all pupils. Click here.
Additional Learning Needs (ALN) Information leaflets for Parents and Carers
Implementations of the ALN System - Click here
Your child and the ALN Act - Leaflet 1
Dispute resolution (Newport LA) - Leaflet 2
About Me Independent Advocacy Support - Leaflet 3
PCP Guide for Parents and Carers - Leaflet 4
PCP and IDP Secondary - Leaflet 5a
PCP and IDP Early Years - Leaflet 5b
PCP and IDP Primary - Leaflet 5c
Right to request LA reconsider IDP - Leaflet 6
Right to appeal to Tribunal - Leaflet 7 | <urn:uuid:e7e97403-ad5b-4dc7-9e5d-59bebbadede8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.highcrossprimary.co.uk/ALN | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.943158 | 362 | 1.851563 | 2 |
New research shows that three quarters of millennials believe Brexit will impact their ability to move in the next two years.
British millennials have always lived in a country which is part of the wider European Union. However with Brexit now just 30 days away, times are about to change.
The new research shows younger adults face the biggest challenge for a home move in the aftermath of our EU exit. 74% of under 35-year-olds indicated Brexit is impacting their ability to move in the next 2 years. Young buyers have always faced a tough task to get onto the property ladder, but with record house prices a fifth of millennials say Brexit will stop them being able to buy their first home or get a mortgage in the next 2 years.
There has recently been a number of big retail casualties from the high street alongside other large firms like Honda and Dyson pulling the plug on their UK operation. 13% Brits are uncertain about their current employment and this is likely to hold them back from any home move. Both Cardiff and Leeds (17%) ranked highest for workers being uncertain about their job with Nottingham at 15%, Southampton at 12%, Liverpool at 11% and Manchester 10%.
A decrease in the value of the property is the biggest worry for most homeowners across the nation. Londoners are most worried about sliding property values, with nearly 1 in 5 of owners in the Capital fearing Brexit will push prices down over the next two years.
Moving expert Angus Elphinstone, CEO of AnyVan.com, who commissioned the research commented “Our latest property research shows the impact of Brexit to young homeowners along with the next wave of first-time buyers. There just simply isn’t the confidence or funds available for a vast number of young movers. These are uncertain times and it will be very interesting to see how the property market reacts once we’ve exited the EU next month.“ | <urn:uuid:44e2263e-8a0e-48b7-9378-5e0c9f45988b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bmmagazine.co.uk/news/majority-of-millennial-home-movers-impacted-by-brexit-until-at-least-2021/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.956687 | 384 | 1.695313 | 2 |
- Tell Students about the Program: During your first class, announce that the lectures are being captured and that they are accessible online. Many students do not realize that their lectures are being recorded and do not take advantage of this resource.
- Note what is (and what is not) recorded: The instructor and the content presented by the instructor are the focus of the lecture captures. Students, as a rule, are NOT captured. The exception to this is that if a student asks a question, their voice is likely to be captured (though muffled). Stress that students can come talk to you if this is a concern.
- Encourage students to attend class: Re-iterate that Lecture Captures do not mean that attendance is not required but that these videos are intended to act as a supplemental study and review tool.
- Warn of technical failure/extenuating circumstances: Remind students that Lecture Captures are not guaranteed – while we do our absolute best, there are times when equipment fails or staff are unexpectedly unavailable. For this reason, captures should not be relied on as a primary method of learning.
- Repeat student questions: The recording equipment we use is good but it's not that good. It's always helpful to repeat student questions so that they are included clearly in the video recording.
- Stand clear of the board/presentation: If possible, it's always helpful to give the camera a clear shot of the content (even for a few seconds). This allows students to see the whole as well as to do a screenshot for notetaking or other use.
For draft text on what you might include in your Syllabus regarding lecture capture, please review "Will Students be recorded?" | <urn:uuid:ca80ffd2-dd4a-4953-9233-239e784e1437> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ito-engineering.screenstepslive.com/s/ito_fase/a/1136383-how-can-you-help-ensure-the-lecture-capture-program-s-success-in-your-course | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.963613 | 349 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Series 3 of our podcast Leading Edge is here!
The series will once again feature an interesting lineup of Henley Business School experts with a new episode published weekly throughout the autumn of 2021.
We are contactable on various devices and apps 24/7. There is increased pressure to be visible and to build an online identity. But digital technology can cause problems rather than solve them. We need to make technology work for us, not the other way around.
Dr Caroline Rook, Assistant Professor in Leadership, reviews the impact of digital technology on our daily lives. She then offers her method for identifying the warning signs of stress in colleagues and in ourselves.
Listen to Caroline’s episode to hear her discuss these topics:
- Understand what triggers high stress: different personalities will have different experiences
- Setting boundaries and being strict with yourself
- Expectations, camera off and walking meetings
“I think we see these technological devices as great helpers, but I sometimes have the feeling that they can very easily take over your life.”
What will Caroline keep and stop doing in the ‘new normal’?
• Continue: going for regular walks at specific times and chatting to neighbours.
• Stop: being cooped up at home and instead travel to meet up with friends and family.
Dr Caroline is an Assistant Professor and lecturer in Leadership at Henley. Her research focuses on creating healthy and productive workplaces by exploring the links between leadership and well-being. In particular, she investigates how to manage executive stress; how to maintain authentic functioning at work; and the role of coaching in creating resilience for positive leadership. | <urn:uuid:c9000eec-3021-44a4-9eec-fe02f3d9dea9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.henley.fi/2021/10/13/leading-edge-technostress-finding-the-off-switch/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.950012 | 337 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Five young Middle Eastern men were apprehended by the U.S. Border Patrol this week in an Arizona town situated about 30 miles from the Mexican border, law enforcement and other sources told Judicial Watch.
Border Patrol agents spotted the men crossing a ranch property in the vicinity of Amado, which is located about 35 miles south of Tucson and has a population of 275. Two of the Middle Eastern men were carrying stainless steel cylinders in backpacks, JW’s sources say, alarming Border Patrol officials enough to call the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for backup. A multitude of federal agents descended on the property and the two men carrying the cylinders were believed to be taken into custody by the FBI.
The disturbing incident comes just days after six men—one from Afghanistan, five from Pakistan—were arrested in nearby Patagonia, a quaint ranch town that sits 20 miles north of the Mexican border city of Nogales. Federal authorities have confirmed the November 17 arrests and a local news outlet published a story that includes an official statement from the Border Patrol. Special Agent Kurt Remus in the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI) Phoenix headquarters told JW that the agency’s Joint Terrorism Task Forces vetted and interviewed the six men and determined that there were “no obvious signs of terrorism” so they were returned to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) custody.
Full article: Middle Eastern Men Arrested Near Mexican Border with Steel Cylinders (Judicial Watch) | <urn:uuid:2ac29e70-f5ed-4baa-8504-48659a918e20> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://glblgeopolitics.wordpress.com/2015/12/05/middle-eastern-men-arrested-near-mexican-border-with-steel-cylinders/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.963128 | 304 | 1.59375 | 2 |
The European Commission is likely to be more sympathetic to the Parliament’s stance than hitherto, sources say.
In a report to be discussed at the hearing, French Socialist MEP Michel Rocard has tried to return to the more restrictive rules on patenting that were backed by Parliament in its first look at the legislation – also dubbed the software patents directive.
In his 40 amendments, the former French prime minister has attempted to ensure that pure software cannot be patented, by saying that companies may only patent software that is used to manipulate a “controllable force of nature”.
Rocard has also demanded that, in the interests of interoperability, a patent should not be granted on software used to ensure that two different data processing systems can communicate with one another.
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A Commission source told European Voice that the executive was favourable to the latter idea.
When the Commission refused to return the law to first reading in the Parliament in March, Internal Market Commissioner Charlie McCreevy noted that a “new wind is blowing on this”, hinting that the Commission might be more sympathetic to the Parliament’s concerns.
But the draft has angered the consumer electronics and communications industries, which have pushed for a large part of the 216 amendments also on the table.
Mark McGann, president of EICTA, the European industry association representing big clients such as Nokia and Siemens but also smaller developers, argues that Rocard’s amendments would exclude patents on data processing, which makes up a huge part of IT development.
“It defies logic and ignores reality,” he said. And the interoperability amendment was so broad, he said, that it would allow anyone to be exempt from royalties when using vital pieces of software.
UEAPME, the European association representing small businesses, welcomed Rocard’s report, arguing that the original draft would punish independent software developers.
“The ideal situation would be to go back to the drawing board, but in the absence of that this is a positive draft with regard to its concerns for small firms,” said a UEAPME spokesman. He added that pure software would still be protected by copyright.
MEPs have to vote on the report by July. If they back Rocard’s amendments the directive will go into conciliation procedure between the Parliament and national governments, which backed the Commission’s original draft. | <urn:uuid:4b6c32dd-97e7-4427-8216-b1bda7639fd5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.politico.eu/article/mccreevy-and-meps-converge-on-it-patents/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.966542 | 496 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Business-to-business, or B2B, is one of the fastest-growing segments for new and established companies. Forrester Research posited in January 2019 that in the United States, B2B e-commerce “will reach $1.8 trillion and account for 17% of all B2B sales in the U.S. by 2023.”
Services between businesses are growing. The main reason is the numerous opportunities: Digital businesses can provide wholesale products, retailer goods, services or distribution. There are some as simple as cleaning services for offices or as complex as software vendors. My company is a B2B e-commerce company, and we have gleaned the conclusions in this article from research and experience. Here are some of the reasons that many buyers prefer the digital B2B world, beyond the number of services.
Access To A Larger Customer Base: More B2B Transactions Are Happening Online
Net Solutions conducted a study in January 2020 about the state of B2B e-commerce. It found that B2B takes cues from the business-to-customer (B2C) market and tries to emulate the latter’s growth strategies by adapting them.
Many B2B companies are moving online because their customer base is there, as well. The clients want knowledge about the products and services available to find the best items or software for their business purposes. Forrester Research found that 74% of B2B buyers conduct research online before purchasing. Education and valuable copy need to go hand-in-hand, and many B2B companies deliver on knowledge.
On this note, smartphones, tablets and other mobile devices are often used to make purchases. Net Solutions reveals that 91% of B2B customers use mobile devices to search for a product, and 25% use them to make a transaction. Thus, B2B companies need to have storefronts and webpages that are mobile-friendly and convenient to access. They need to implement upgrades to certain platforms to make them easier for users to access and organize their orders. An office manager, for example, will want to calculate future budgets and check past purchases accordingly.
Shipping for physical goods is another concern. B2B companies need to ensure that they can match Amazon for two-day shipping — or other benefits if they cannot meet that standard. This is where wholesalers can stand out by dropshipping, or delivering products only when a customer makes an order. Dropshipping not only reduces the pressures of shipping, but also the risk of accumulating unused inventory. Many e-commerce B2B services are working to fill this niche and increase efficiency within the marketplace.
Flexible Payment Options
Traditionally, businesses would have to pay for services and goods using cash, check or a credit card. While credit cards have benefits that allow owners and managers to build a business’s credit, they can also prove inflexible. Many B2B customers would rather avoid such inconveniences.
Thanks to the internet, e-commerce has a larger variety of payment options. In addition to bank account transfers and credit cards, office managers can often pay via PayPal, Venmo, Apple Wallet or other digital currencies. PayPal even offers credit cards so that a business can take advantage of the policy. This lowers potential barriers for inexperienced or newer entrepreneurs to enter certain fields, as well.
While each vendor has its drawbacks — for example, PayPal sometimes will freeze accounts for seemingly arbitrary reasons and take months to restore access to users — they also offer alternatives with convenience. For example, people can install Venmo on their phone and pay off vendors quickly. This flexibility means that a manager doesn’t have to rely on one source of payment for these transactions.
Cryptocurrencies are another tentative and still uncertain currency. Cryptocurrency uses blockchain technology to decentralize payments. A business that can handle the changing markets could potentially invest in Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies to gain a return on their investment. While this is one viable option, others can use cryptocurrencies to handle regular transactions for products and services.
Many B2B Buyers Are Younger And Want A Personalized Experience
Gen X and Gen Y are some of the top users of B2B e-commerce. Gen X is the generation that came of age in the 1980s and early '90s, followed by Gen Y, also knowns as millennials, with birth years between 1981 and 1996. Together, they are key players and business decision-makers.
B2B researchers, or potential customers who seek information on certain products and services to assess their value, can provide living proof that millennials are powerful within this type of business. In 2015, Google conducted a study and found that 46% of B2B researchers were between the ages of 18 and 34.
Many millennials want an enhanced customer experience when making a purchase online. They will seek as much knowledge as possible about the products that they desire for an office or digital workspace. That means an ideal storefront will be easy to navigate on any digital device, with options for a fast transaction and efficient record-keeping. A track record for purchases allows them to make informed decisions, which increases their confidence in the company providing the history.
One potential solution is to either design or to outsource the creation of an app for your business. Many corporations have these apps, such as Whole Foods, with QR codes to allow for efficient checkout at grocery stores. While we don’t advise most e-commerce businesses to compete with a corporate giant, you can learn from them.
First, you can provide convenience to the customer experience. These apps would be used for transactions within or related to your business. If they can purchase easily, then they will be more likely to buy.
Second, they can create customer loyalty programs; you can reward these consumers for multiple purchases and track general trends. The more information you have, the more growth opportunities are available.
As we enter the 2020s, grow within global B2B. With technology expanding, you have ample chances to gain a higher market share. Trust your B2B marketers and their research reports to help you reach a higher level. | <urn:uuid:e440501d-4815-4b9f-9467-16bcf112c6da> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.forbes.com/sites/theyec/2020/04/21/why-b2b-e-commerce-is-a-top-growth-sector-today/?sh=65962be13043 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.954507 | 1,262 | 1.609375 | 2 |
The Texas Lionfish Control Unit is committed to the local control of lionfish in Texas, the Gulf of Mexico, and any waters where they have become invasive and detrimental to the ecosystem. We are aware that, at this point, eradication is not possible, but we will work towards removing as many lionfish as we can and giving native fish a chance to survive and thrive.
The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) is a non-profit, environmental NGO that is on a mission to save the world’s coral reefs. We work collaboratively with communities to reduce direct threats to reefs in ways that provide long-term benefits to people and wildlife. In parallel, CORAL is actively expanding the scientific understanding of how corals adapt to climate change and is applying this information to give reefs the best chance to thrive for generations to come. Our broad expertise uniquely positions us to rally the conservation community around scalable and effective solutions for coral reefs around the world.
The largest association of recreational scuba divers in the world, DAN is supported by membership dues and donations. DAN’s mission is to help divers in need of medical emergency assistance and to promote dive safety through research,education, products and diving services.
The benefits of DAN membership include emergency medical evacuation assistance through DAN TravelAssist, a subscription to Alert Diver magazine and access to DAN’s insurance services.
Overview of charity:
Save the Manatee Club is an award-winning national nonprofit 501(c) and membership-based organization established in 1981 by renowned singer/songwriter, Jimmy Buffett, and former U.S. Senator, Bob Graham, when he was governor of Florida.
Their mission is to protect manatees and their aquatic habitat for future generations.
Why we donate:
Connection to the club: | <urn:uuid:b8f2bc2f-3d46-43b9-a166-5311540d7787> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scubadillos.org/author/scuser2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.940569 | 373 | 1.585938 | 2 |
The ongoing confusion in locating the line between charitable/tax-exempt vs. non-charitable/taxable business activity for nonprofits was highlighted by the IRS’s October 2015 denial of 501(c)(3) tax-exempt status to a farmers market. (PLR 201601014) The ruling illuminates how the IRS determines whether an entity that plans to conduct business activities alongside (or as part of) its charitable activities qualifies for 501(c)(3) tax-exempt status.
Here are the facts as the IRS summarized them:
The Organization’s Purposes:
1. Strengthening the natural products economy by developing model processes, practices, and procedures to contribute to the sustainability and development of markets that make fresh and healthy foods available to all people;
2. Contributing to healthy and sustainable lifestyles for all by promoting products and programs from regional farmers, businesses, and artisans;
3. Pursuing programs and partnerships that have environmental, social, and economic integrity;
4. Supporting the efforts of other charitable organizations by making the market space available for their promotion and outreach.
The Organization’s Activities:
Your organization provides the surrounding community with a marketplace where farmers, businesses, and artisans sell their goods directly to the public one day per week. You also provide:
- Special events where local craft vendors can sell their products;
- Cooking demonstrations and other educational programs for adults and monthly educational events for children one day per month.
- Space at the market for local non-profits to promote their activities.
The IRS noted that food vendors were charged relatively minimal fees to participate (no more than $25/week), and that the organization promoted the market through its weekly newsletters, a website, and through the local farmers market community.
You are managed through your board of directors and a contracted market manager. The board meets on a monthly basis to discuss the weekly markets and how to improve them, the various community and children’s projects, and marketing strategies.
The IRS further noted that at least two directors and officers were also vendors selling products at the farmers market.
Revenues and expenses:
Your organization is funded by community donations and vendor fees. Your expenses consist of insurance, marketing, supplies, professional fees, and expenses related to special events.
In denying the organization’s request for 501(c)(3) tax-exempt status, the IRS noted the following:
1. The entity was operated “for the substantial purposes of providing private benefit to vendors of products at [its] market.”
The IRS found that, in comparison to the educational activity the entity conducted, “more than an insubstantial part of [its overall] activities are in furtherance of the non-exempt purposes of being a profitable outlet for [its] vendors.”
The IRS determined that the entity’s activities were effectively identical to those of an art gallery which exhibited and sold its members’ artwork. The art gallery was also denied tax-exempt status (Rev. Rul. 71-395). In that case, the IRS noted that although the exhibition and sale of paintings may be educational, the entity served the private purposes of its members more than incidentally.
2. Because some of the entity’s board members are also vendors, their private benefit constitutes inurement.
The concept of inurement (more commonly known as private inurement) derives from Treasury Regulation section 1.501(c)(3)-1(c)(2), which states that, “no part of the net earnings of a section 501(c)(3) organization may inure to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual.” This restriction bars insiders of tax-exempt organizations (such as directors and officers) from unduly benefiting from the organization’s assets. The Private Letter Ruling does not provide any analysis on this particular finding. This conclusory statement is problematic. Conflict of interest transactions are generally a red flag when the IRS reviews applications for tax-exempt status, but they should not be a barrier to exemption if appropriate steps have been taken to ensure that such transactions were reviewed and approved by the independent board members as being fair, reasonable, and in the organization’s best interests.
3. The organization’s educational programs are distinct from (and secondary to) the commercial operation of a farmers market.
The IRS pointed to Revenue Ruling 73-127, in which it held that an entity operating a reduced price retail grocery store located in a low-income area that allocated a small percentage (4%) of its earnings to provide job training for the difficult-to-employ did not qualify for tax-exemption. The IRS viewed the operation of the store as an independent objective of the organization, and the operation of the store was not a recognized charitable purpose. It also noted that the store operations were conducted on a scale larger than reasonably necessary for the performance of the organization’s training program. The IRS contrasted the entity operating the grocery store from that of another nonprofit organization which was formed to market the cooking and needlework of needy women, which qualified for tax-exemption. (Rev. Rul. 68-167) Unlike the grocery store business, which could function as a business independent of the job training program, the organization selling the cooking and needlework of women in need existed solely to fulfill the charitable purpose of giving these women a market to sell their products and a source of income. The IRS also noted that the organization was not self-sufficient, and depended on charitable donations.
The IRS analysis seems very straight forward, right? But wait! Farmers markets have frequently been granted 501(c)(3) status, or other tax-exempt statuses, including as 501(c)(4) social welfare organizations, 501(c)(5) agricultural organizations, and 501(c)(6) business leagues. (See this chart prepared by the Farmers Market Coalition, explaining how different organizational activities and emphases can lead to different tax designations). While any tax-exempt status is beneficial, organizations prefer 501(c)(3) status because it is the only designation that allows organizations to receive tax-deductible contributions. Farmers markets do serve charitable, and more specifically, educational, purposes, some of which were noted in the denial ruling. The Farmers Market Coalition provides some tips on how an organization can explain the charitable and educational aspects of a farmers market in order to demonstrate to the IRS that the primary benefit of the organization’s activities is for the public, and not the farmers. Given the IRS’s checkered history in awarding or denying 501(c)(3) status to different farmers markets, organizations should think carefully about their purposes and activities, and if seeking 501(c)(3) status, ensure that the educational nature of the organization is fully articulated in the 1023 application to the IRS across all facets of the organization, including its purposes, activities, finances, and governance.
When considering whether to structure a social purpose venture as a for-profit enterprise or a tax-exempt nonprofit, it is important to assess whether more than an insubstantial part of the entity’s activities further non-exempt purposes (such as generating profit for a non-charitable class of individuals or entities). Similarly, if charitable or educational activities are contemplated, consider whether those charitable/educational activities are distinct from, or inextricably intertwined with, the business activity. While a number of factors will drive a business’s decision about its legal structure, understanding the key requirements (or barriers) to qualify for federal tax-exempt status will help entrepreneurs determine the right path more quickly. | <urn:uuid:7ff5f3a9-6585-454f-8c45-83048a1aeb67> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.perlmanandperlman.com/irs-denies-farmers-market-tax-exempt-status/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.95955 | 1,590 | 1.742188 | 2 |
A restaurateur with a liquor license doesn’t sleep easy. The wine may complement the menu, and the cocktails may bring folks in the door. But, every cent a customer spends, an employee earns, or an owner invests is subject to audit. This is why its a great idea to have restaurant business loans ready when funds are needed quickly.
What Is A Comptroller?
You may not be familiar with what a comptroller is or what they do in. However, this will not excuse you from paying the comptroller tax. That is why it is important to understand. A comptroller is the one responsible for a state’s finances, all the way from the high street to the suburbs and in between. They act as a tax collector, chief accountant, chief revenue estimator and chief treasurer for state government. In some states, they are also responsible for administering other programs. Now that you know what they do, you should learn what comptroller tax audits look like to help yourself prepare for the worst.
What You Need To Know About Comptroller Tax Audits
Comptrollers are state officers whose duties may vary slightly from state to state, but typically they collect state revenue, track expenditures, and monitor the financial condition of businesses owing revenue to the state.
According to Comptroller.Texas.Gov, for example, it’s their job “to determine if businesses have properly collected, reported and paid state taxes.”
They try to determine if taxes have been charged and paid correctly. It can be a negative experience for the restaurateur if the owner has been processing revenue and taxes incorrectly or illegally.
But, it can be positively informative if it reveals potential errors or inefficiencies.
Online payments for comptroller taxes are available in many states. This is a convenient choice for restaurateurs and a wealth engine for the state. You already have very limited time. You will not be happy paying your comptroller tax no matter what. But at least this way, you can do it on your own time in no time at all. Check to see whether online comptroller tax payments are available in your state if you need to pay them.
What Auditors Need
Auditors love paper. They want to see journals and records, ad valorem and occupation tax records, bills and receipts, and payroll reports and taxes to prove there is now fraud triangle to worry about.
They may also want to access insurance, deeds, licenses, city and county tax records, and business policies and procedures. There are also point-of-sale records, equity obligations, debt vehicles, and more.
What Auditors Look For
Comptroller Tax audits follow a discipline that they must document and account for. But, it may still leave you wondering. But, there are red flags you want to avoid.
If your lifestyle is bigger than your storefront, you may be in trouble,
If the business handles a disproportionate volume in cash, it could mean you are laundering it or letting it slip under the tax table.
If you are writing off car, dining, travel, and entertaining expenses, you had better document the events, place, and people.
If you employ staff, you must pay them correctly, fairly, accurately, and timely. You also have to substantiate payment of tips and taxes.
If you pay for marketing, keep records of all advertising payments and services. This is also something you should do when you get cash advance for your restaurant expenses.
What They Look For In Alcohol Records
In most states the comptroller tax audits are connected with the state’s alcohol control commission. So, as long as hands touch alcohol, you need to maintain and provide adequate records.
For example, according to the Texas Comptroller’s office, “Texas imposes both a gross receipts tax and a sales tax on the amount received from the sale, preparation or service of mixed beverages and from the sale, preparation or service of ice or nonalcoholic beverages that are sold, prepared or served for the purpose of being mixed with an alcoholic beverage and consumed on the premises of the mixed beverage permittee.”
This rule, alone, applies to licensed owners of restaurants, bars, clubs, and lounges mixed drinks. It requires them to keep records on those alcoholic drink transactions in addition to routine sales taxed transactions.
What You Can Expect
Typically, an auditor will request something like a “desk audit” which requires you to provide documentation the office specifies. While it may seem demanding, the more ready you are able to meet the order in detail, the more likely you are to avoid or forestall a full blown audit.
Visits to observe bartender performance, investigations into point-of-sale records, checks on internal controls, and reconciliation of restaurant sales gross receipts and sales tax may all value.
If you want to rest easy and maybe even take a break from your alcohol-related business, you need to have a comptroller tax audit defense law firm on speed dial. This way, you will not have to worry about finding lawsuit loans in the future. | <urn:uuid:5e7c9647-ec1f-484e-accb-353968cfde9e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://businessfirstfamily.com/beware-comptroller-tax-audit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.949216 | 1,047 | 2.203125 | 2 |
The Ugandan writer Doreen Baingana won the 2006 Commonwealth Writers’ Prize for her book Tropical Fish. In this article she talks about the influence of writers like Tony Morrison and Nadine Gordimer on her own writing. And the importance of certain letters written by the German poet Rainer Maria Rilke.
At the end of her biographical book, Jacky Trevane (not her real name) gives two reasons for writing her book. One is: to get to terms with the events in her life that she describes in her book. The second reason: a warning to romantic souls. She was a romantic soul. This British lady travels … Continue reading Review FATWA
Here you will find some more information on the two winners of the 2014 University of Johannesburg writing in English. One winner is an established writer, Zakes Mda, the other, Penny Busetto, is awarded for her debut. One similarity of the two awarded books is the setting outside South Africa, even outside the continent.
In a recent article in The Guardian the Nigeria-born writer Chibundu Onuzo mentions the famous missionary and explorer David Livingstone as an example of a white person who went to Africa, so why should not a black person travel unhindered to Europe. I just discovered a website on the life and work of David Livingstone … Continue reading david livingstone online
This is an amazing story about two girls who fled the massacre in Rwanda in 1994. Death and disaster were lurking behind every tree and stone. The girls ended up in the United States of America and were catapulted into the limelight of television.
At times I feel like letting go all these contributions on the absence or presence or racism or non-racism at literary festivals in South Africa. We can be victors and victims or the other way around. We can be writers and readers. Allan Kolski Horwitz has this to say. | <urn:uuid:0430460c-9e87-4790-9f8c-892635980215> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://semperaliquidnoviafricamadferre.com/2015/06/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.947103 | 395 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Many psychotropic medications are now being prescribed for pain management in children and adolescents. Physicians should be aware of these useful new indications and regularly evaluate potential drug interactions in their young patients.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||12|
|State||Published - Sep 1 2004|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Leadership and Management | <urn:uuid:5dbdf459-1448-41e4-a0f0-6423a685f8ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/an-exploration-of-psychotropic-medications-for-pain-5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.814901 | 119 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Since the dawn of history, sailing or boating has been the main mode of transportation of goods and merchandise all over the world. Ships and boats are also a crucial part of any wartime strategy. It is also the preferred vessel of explorers and discoverers.
Nowadays, sailing and boating are still preferred hobbies. Boating cities like Michigan have many pontoon boats for sale for everyone’s enjoyment. Ships will be around for millennia more, but history will not be complete without these famous ones.
Titanic is dubbed as the biggest luxury ship to have ever journeyed the seas. Before its maiden and last voyage, it had claimed to be unsinkable. The ship, however, rammed an iceberg, and over 1,500 people died in what is known to be the biggest sea tragedy of all time.
The Santa Maria
In 1492, Santa Maria chartered Christopher Columbus and his crew from Spain to the New World. It, unfortunately, ran aground and sank. From its salvaged materials and wood, a brand-new ship was built, the Natividad.
The Battleship USS Maine
USS Maine was a battleship of the American troops. While the ship was anchored in the shores of Havana in Cuba sometime in the year 1898, an explosion left it torn in half. This started a brief battle between the U.S. and Spain.
The German Battleship Bismarck
The Bismarck is said to be a hunted ship. It made successful hits at the British Navy seals in 1941 before it sank deep into the ocean. It remained at the bottom of the sea until 1989. It was found by a diver, Robert Ballard, who coincidentally found the Titanic.
The H.L. Hunley
This ship was created by the Confederate Army in an attempt to battle the Union Navy ship. But it sank twice in a row during the testing, and it killed 12 people including the designer, H.L. Hunley.
The Mayflower was instrumental for the migration of English Puritans and Separatists in 1620. They were known as pilgrims to the New World. Later on, they were known as the first ever British colonies ever established in American land.
The USS Constitution
The longest-serving battleship in history is the USS Constitution. It served until 1882, and it only retired from service some 85 years after. Up to this day, the warship is still intact and can be found in Boston where it often takes people on short cruises.
The Battleship USS Arizona
The bombing of Pearl Harbor included the destruction of the warship USS Arizona in 1941. The savage attack killed over a thousand crew members, including the captain, and put the ship into flames that burned heavily for several days. To this day, the ship can be found at the Pearl Harbor as a memorial of the Great War that took place there.
The Battleship USS Missouri
The USS Missouri was used in the war against Korea and in 1991 in the “Operation Desert Storm.” The surrender documents that later on paved the way to the ending of the war hostilities, as well as the culmination of World War II, were made on this ship.
The HMS Victory
The HMS Victory is known to be the oldest commissioned battleship in the world. It belongs to the British Royal Navy and is now a museum in England.
If you are a boating enthusiast or an avid traveler, setting sail can be one of the most enjoyable forms of recreation you will ever know. | <urn:uuid:56248d69-0799-4c0e-95d7-6784232b91d9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thekikoowebradio.com/10-most-famous-ships-in-history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.97211 | 730 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Llama or Alpaca? And Why Do They Spit?
| Mar 27, 2018
Is it a Llama or an Alpaca? And why do they spit at you?
While both animals are members of the Camel family, they have both been bred very differently and have numerous easily spotted differences. The first and easiest way to tell a Llama and an Alpaca apart is their size. Llamas are nearly twice the size of alpacas! They can weigh in between 200-400 lbs. while alpacas stay around 100-175 lbs. See our lists below for more defining differences:
- 200-400 lbs.
- Long, banana-shaped ears
- Elongated faces
- 2 coats; one outer coarse coat and an inner soft coat
- Independent, but can be herd animals if raised that way
- Protective, can be used to guard other animals, incl. alpacas
- 100-175 lbs.
- Short ears
- Shorter "smooshed" faces
- 1 fine layer of coat
- Domestic, can be taught tricks
- Herd animals
- Tend to be skittish or shy
So, what about the spitting? Normally, these animals don't even spit that often! Llamas are more inclined to spit due to their protective nature, but they will only spit if they feel they are in danger. Alpacas will also spit if they feel they are in danger. Female alpacas will also spit at male alpacas if they are pregnant or have just given birth and don't want the male to make any moves. If a llama or alpaca ever does spit on you though, walk away. If you don't get the hint from the spit, you can expect vomit next, which the animals can project up to 10 feet away.
Our new customers at Wegener Farms just went LIVE with their new website which includes even more info on Llamas including the satisfaction of owning a show llama and info on their animal husbandry (plus, how you can own one yourself)!
Do you breed or show llamas or alpacas? We'd love to see your herd! If you don't currently have a website to show off your animals, we have multiple packages and custom software to fit your needs. Email Molly at email@example.com to receive more information. | <urn:uuid:8a61c9ce-5a8d-4c29-9063-34c0da70f15d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hiredhandsoftware.com/resources/blog/hired-hand/2018/03/27/llama-or-alpaca-and-why-do-they-spit | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.944126 | 510 | 2.984375 | 3 |
A project that would create a mile-long esplanade, including a "cantilevered riverfront walkway" and a bike path, along the east side of Manhattan is two months away from its approval deadline in October. The Post reports that the deal would involve selling or leasing Robert Moses playground to the UN, and allow the organization to build another high-rise for office space. The city would sell the currently occupied UN buildings, creating up to $400 million in revenue, enough to pay for the improvements and upkeep. The sweet, sweet irony of course is that the playground in question is named after the man who some believe sold New York City's soul to the automobile.
The greenway, which would stretch from 38th to 60th streets, would allow cyclists to travel in a nearly-uninterrupted route around Manhattan, from the Upper West Side to East 120th street. "Everybody always thought that's one of the hardest pieces," Transportation Alternatives' deputy director tells the paper. "Now people are saying that it's doable. It's gone from the impossible to the doable."
Of course, there are those opposed to the project because it would create another 39-story skyscraper (the same height as the current UN building) at the expense of the playground. "We're not opposed to a greenway—it's a very nice amenity," president of the East Midtown Coalition for Sensible Development says, "But not at the cost of taking other public land." The director of the East End Hockey Association, which has used the playground since 1972, agrees: "If this is a need for office space, it should be solved with office space."
But a few strolls along the Hudson River Park and the East River Esplanade, along with the provision that another playground be built to replace Robert Moses, will hopefully assuage any further doubts. | <urn:uuid:260b8786-d87b-46ce-a27e-5e7afe04f5b6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gothamist.com/news/east-side-greenway-deal-would-create-a-mile-long-bike-path-esplanade | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.972634 | 384 | 1.882813 | 2 |
An Infrastructure News article.
The water sector has found itself caught up in the current pandemic in many ways. Our responses can help shape a more resilient future for the sector and for society as a whole.
As the novel coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 continues to sweep across the globe, water professionals have been called upon to respond and work together in new ways and at unprecedented scales. As the pandemic locked down entire cities, families and firms had to re-assess their priorities. In doing so, they have recognised anew the worth of clean water, safe hygiene and dignified sanitation as more than just modern conveniences. They value our work as a critical force of health and life.
To keep reading, click here. | <urn:uuid:9876e02b-300c-4f45-b120-f3c8a3f135e8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.risknz.org.nz/covid-19-an-opportunity-for-the-water-sector/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.970698 | 152 | 1.6875 | 2 |
In this shot, we will discuss how to generate a solid left angle triangle using alphabets in Python.
We can print a plethora of patterns using Python. The basic and only prerequisite for the same is a good understanding of how loops work in Python. Here we will be using simple
for loops to generate a left-angled triangle using alphabets.
A triangle is said to be left-angled if and only if it has one angle equal to 90 degrees on its right side.
Let us take a look at the code snippet below.
# Number of rows rows = 8 # Iterating value for column k = 2*rows-2 # Loop through rows for i in range(rows): # Loop to print initial spaces for j in range(k): print(end=" ") # Updating value of K k = k-2 # Loop to print the numbers for j in range(i+1): ch = chr(65+i) print(ch, end=" ") print()
In Line 2, we take the input for the number of rows (i.e., length of the triangle).
In Line 5, we create the iterating variable
k, which will be used later to handle the number of columns.
From Lines 8 to 21, we create the outer for loop to iterate through the no of rows.
In Lines 11 and 12, we create the first inner nested loop to print the initial spaces.
In Line 15, the value of
k is updated, so that the output is a left-angled triangle i.e. the characters are printed from right to left. Unless updated, the triangle would have been a right-angled triangle.
In Lines 18 to 20, we create our second inner nested loop to print the characters (here alphabets). The end statement helps us to be on the same line till the loop finishes.
In Line 19, we define
ch, which is used to create alphabets from numbers by using the iterative value of
i and the concept of ASCII conversion. The starting value
65 + (i=0), has been used as ASCII value of
A (starting of the triangle) is
In Line 20, we use
print(), to move to the next line.
View all Courses | <urn:uuid:97fabc1b-c943-49c4-aefc-26e72c8dcb98> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.educative.io/answers/generate-a-solid-left-angle-triangle-using-alphabets-in-python | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.79532 | 492 | 4.90625 | 5 |
BT workers have voted to take national strike action for the first time in 35 years.
The Communication Workers Union (CWU) announced that workers at BT and Openreach had overwhelmingly voted to take industrial action.
Around 4,500 members in Scotland are believed to be taking part in the strike.
It is understood that the dispute will lead to significant disruption to new and old internal installs.
The strike will also affect the roll-out of broadband significantly, with major delays expected.
Action is likely to have a knock-on effect in damaging internet installs for other companies who use the same cables.
It is the first national strike that BT has faced since being privatised in the 1980s.
CWU general secretary Dave Ward said it is also the first time that a group of call centre workers have voted for industrial action.
A vote by CWU members at EE failed by a few votes to reach the legal threshold for industrial action. | <urn:uuid:4e21bc4d-c8d9-48c5-922b-a27e461b93c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.stv.tv/world/bt-and-openreach-workers-vote-to-take-first-national-strike-action-in-35-years | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.977935 | 192 | 1.640625 | 2 |
APA format, 2 pages, 2 references. Attach the 3 PDFs that are needed.
Qualitative research offers a different set of processes to explore phenomena of interest to nursing, compared to quantitative processes. Both are necessary to advance the profession of nursing. To learn why, discuss how the steps in the research process are different between quantitative and qualitative studies. You should include the following:
- Select 2 key differences between qualitative and quantitative research and describe. Use examples to illustrate.
- Are there terms used in quantitative processes that are not used in qualitative processes, and vice versa?
- How is qualitative research used in evidence-based practice?
- Select a topic of clinical interest to you. It should be very broad in nature (e.g., cancer pain, psychiatric inpatient anxiety, etc.). Conduct a literature search to select 3 research reports: one using a quantitative approach, one using a qualitative approach, and one using a mixed methods approach to study the selected topic. In your own words, summarize the differences. Describe how you would determine if these studies could be applied to your clinical practice.
- Attach the following 3 documents as PDFs to your initial post: mixed method report, quantitative report, and qualitative report. | <urn:uuid:00194635-a12a-4767-96af-3e48f04d9b8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://buycheapcollegeessays.com/2022/04/21/apa-format-2-pages-2-references-attach-the-3-pdfs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.904463 | 253 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Make puppy training fun with these cool ways to train pretty much anything, with I Spy their are no limits as to what you can teach your puppy. So easy and fun, kids and adults alike will enjoy time teaching puppy! Teaching a Target behaviour is another fun way to work with your dog. Thanks to Kindred Connection for these great ideas.
There is no doubt that socialization is important and in that end we have some information on ways to socialize your pup. That said, there is an art to socialization. We like to take our puppies out and about but instead of making the world the focus of their field trips we put it in the background. You can take your puppy all kinds of places, but instead of forcing your puppy to constantly meet the world head on, practice focus and attention games with you, while the world goes on behind them. Your puppy does not have to meet every person they see, or be petted by 15 children. Better that they enjoy the sights and sounds of children while they play a focus game with you and then quietly meet one or two children in a controlled environment and at a their own pace. Many of these experiences on the charts for download can happen right in your own home. Socialization must be positive, it must be at the pup's on pace and the puppy must have a say, a choice in how they socialize and who they socialize with. Forcing interactions can go badly wrong. For more information on this check out this article by The Collared Scholar.
Over the thousands of years involved in the domestication of dogs, human beings have provided dogs with shelter, affection and love, medical aid, cozy beds, walks for exercise and readily available food and this is great for the dog. However in spite of getting enough physical exercise and all the other great things humans provide most dogs do not get enough mental stimulation. Boredom and restlessness usually result from lack of mental stimulation and this often results in excess energy that they will put into some behaviours that people perceive as not so nice such as chewing your furniture or shoes, digging up your garden or garbage, jumping up on people, barking, destruction of your home or belongs to name a few.
When you consider that creatures in the wild that are related to the domesticated dog spend the majority of their lives in the pursuit of food, tracking it, hunting it, chasing it, catching it, killing it, feeding it to puppies, burying it, digging it up again later, we get a clear picture of what our pet dogs are missing from their lives, something to do.
Some lucky dogs work on farms with the livestock, others track missing people or illegal substances, or guard property, while others provide people with the guidance to get around but most, our beloved pet dogs do not have a job to do and if we don’t provide them with one the chances are great that they will find one to do and we probably won’t like it, ie. The chewing of your expensive leather shoes.
So let’s give our dogs something to do, let’s give them back the gift of working for their food by using food dispensing toys to deliver their meals:
Examples of some food dispensing toys are:
KONG – the Kong can be used to dispense all or a portion of your dog’s daily food ration by mixing their dry kibble with water, consumme, canned tuna juice and making it into a paste. Then stuff the Kong with the pasty kibble and let your dog lick it out. Freezing the Kong will make it harder for the dog to get the food or treats out of the Kong, keeping them busy for longer and wearing them out mentally. However start with it unfrozen, making it as easy a possible for the dog so they find it fun and rewarding and if at first they don’t seem interested, play with them with the toy. You can also use left-over food, such as mashed potatoes and gravy, rice and veggies. Canned, un-spiced pumpkin and frozen green beans, mashed bananas and carrots, cream cheese or Cheez Whiz with sliced apples are all great Kong stuff ideas.
Tug Jug – kibble or treats can be put into the jug and the dog must pull at the rope inserted into the bottle in order to get the food out.
Food dispensing balls such as the Kibbler Nibbler – kibble or treats are inserted into the ball and will fall out as the dog pushes the ball along.
Buster Cube – similar to a dispensing ball toy but a cube
Mike and Leo Puzzle toys – hard rubber toys that can be joined together and food inserted into them. By playing with the toys, the food drops out. The more toys that are joined together the harder it is to get the food out. Start off with just one, then as your dog gets good at getting the food out, start linking them together.
Kong Wobbler – another great toy from the makers of the Kong. Fill this one up with your dog’s kibble then let him go at it. It wobbles and rolls as your dog plays with it, spilling the food out a few at a time.
Interactive toys – Dog Brick, Dog Casino, Spiny – you hide treats in them and your dog must figure out how to actually open up these toys in order to get the food out.
Caution – the only toy that I would consider leaving my dog with when I am not directly supervising him is the hard, rubber Kong that is in excellent condition, no cracks in it and only one that was the appropriate size for your dog. Also if you have a multiple dog household, separate your dogs while they eat from their toys and pick up the toys and put them away when the dogs have either finished, ie they walk away from the toy or it is empty
And excellent educational video to help children (and adults) understand how to interact with their dog safely and kindly.
Check out this great video on how behaviour works and how you can build a positive and close relationship with you dog. | <urn:uuid:b5217eb7-6eaf-41a8-a259-595650531917> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kelownapuppies.ca/puppy-training-downloads | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.964298 | 1,256 | 2.21875 | 2 |
26 ກ.ກ. Prevalent Pitfalls in Data Research Projects
One of the most common problems in a data scientific disciplines project may be a lack of facilities. Most projects end up in inability due to too little of proper infrastructure. It’s easy to overlook the importance of center infrastructure, which will accounts for 85% of failed data scientific research projects. Due to this fact, executives should pay close attention to infrastructure, even if it’s just a traffic monitoring architecture. In the following paragraphs, we’ll search at some of the prevalent pitfalls that info science assignments face.
Organize your project: A why not try these out info science job consists of four main ingredients: data, numbers, code, and products. These types of should all be organized in the right way and named appropriately. Info should be trapped in folders and numbers, although files and models must be named in a concise, easy-to-understand manner. Make sure that the names of each record and file match the project’s desired goals. If you are promoting your project to an audience, add a brief information of the project and any kind of ancillary info.
Consider a real-world example. An activity with an incredible number of active players and 65 million copies distributed is a outstanding example of a tremendously difficult Data Science task. The game’s success depends on the potential of their algorithms to predict in which a player should finish the game. You can use K-means clustering to make a visual manifestation of age and gender allocation, which can be a helpful data technology project. Then, apply these kinds of techniques to create a predictive model that works with no player playing the game. | <urn:uuid:217f56c8-ba7d-460a-a109-4c49a2a94160> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://laff.org.la/2022/07/26/prevalent-pitfalls-in-data-research-projects/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.918254 | 352 | 2.375 | 2 |
Japanese Local Fairy Tales-Legend-Asahi-do / yuuhi-do
朝日 = Sunrise 夕日 = Sunset
堂 = Small shrine or hall
“Hotokenoyama Pass” from Motegi Town, Ibaraki Prefecture to Kasama City.
There is a legend of “Asahi-do yuuhi-do” here.
Once upon a time, there was a bandit at the “hotokenoyama pass” that killed passers-by and robbed them of their money.
There was a teahouse at “hotokenoyama pass” and there was a daughter named “Osen”.
Osen notices that the bandit on the pass is her father.
She pretended to be a traveler to stop it, she headed for the pass, Her father killed her daughter without knowing it.
His father erected asahi-do and yuuhi-do to regret his sins and pray for the souls of his daughter.
asahi-do is a position that is beautifully illuminated at sunrise.
yuuhi-do is in a position that is beautifully illuminated at sunset
asahi-do is located along prefectural road 1.
It’s still quite a countryside. It may be dark at night and scary even in a car.
There is a certain amount of traffic during the day. | <urn:uuid:c36868f1-8f1b-4923-a43c-c732ec80946d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.ibarakikesiki.com/japanese-local-fairytales-legend-folk-tales-asahi-do-yuuhi-do/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.962942 | 329 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Researchers from the Oxford Internet Institute examined the behavior of 40,000 gamers in a study and found that computer games do not harm a person’s mental health – except in cases where the game is addictive.
Regardless of the game genre, the authors of the study could not find a causal relationship between games and the mental health of gamers. However, noted Andrew K. Przybylski, senior fellow at the institute, there is a clear difference between players who play “because they want”and they play “because he feels he should”. The mental health of the first games didn’t affect it, no matter how much time these people spent playing them – they made them “strong positive feeling”. But the second one got really worse.
Games of different genres were used as part of the study: life simulator Animal Crossing: New Horizons, racing simulator Gran Turismo Sport, as well as online hits, including Apex Legends and Eve Online. Professor Przybylski says there was no difference in the psychological impact – whether the player landed on the island in Animal Crossing or fought in Apex Legends’ Royal Battle.
The Oxford study is unique for many reasons. In previous projects, players were asked to keep diaries describing their experiences, but this time they gave permission to collect real-time game data. The sample of 40,000 people is also impressive. But that’s not enough, Professor Przybylsky is certain: scientists still have access to a limited data set, and there are many more players in the world. According to his calculations, around a billion people are enthusiastic about computer games, and there are around 3,000 projects on the Nintendo platform alone. And drawing conclusions based on seven games is like examining a supermarket based on seven products on the shelves.
It’s worth noting that scientists had to deal directly with gamers, since Sony, Microsoft, and Nintendo have rather complicated relationships with developers, who would be difficult to convince that ongoing scientific research is primarily in the interests of gamers themselves. The data belongs to the players, not the platforms or developers, and the researchers would move forward quickly by collecting data directly from the platforms.
“Gamers want to know what impact games have. Scientists want to know. Parents want to know. The government wants to know. I want to know <..> and there is information. This data should be open and easy to share. <..> If major gaming platforms care about the well-being of their players, they need to give players and scientists the opportunity to understand what impact their products are having on us: for better or for worse.”– concluded Professor Przybylski.
The results of the study were published in the journal Open Science of the Royal Society. | <urn:uuid:3f6327aa-9994-4085-bc10-d40fe538ec5c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://technewsspace.com/scientists-have-proved-computer-games-do-not-affect-the-psyche-of-gamers-but-there-are-exceptions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.974014 | 573 | 2.953125 | 3 |
by Torrey Tayenaka, co-founder and CEO at Sparkhouse
There are numerous statistics on the market that show the influence of video advertising and marketing. If you happen to’ve landed on this text, chances are high you’re already conscious of how movies can propel what you are promoting ahead and place your model because the go-to inside your trade. In different phrases, movies will help you turn out to be a thought chief inside your discipline.
However how? How can filming movies result in model success?
We’ve bought all of the solutions. Right here’s methods to use movies to turn out to be an trade chief in constructing your model with an natural advertising and marketing technique and gaining 1000’s of leads, which can finally enhance your income.
What Is Thought Management?
Earlier than we proceed, you could first perceive the idea of ‘thought management.’
The reality is, thought management is as wanted because the Fountain of Youth. Nonetheless, not like the Fountain of Youth, thought management is an precise and established place you’ll be able to attain as a model.
Thought management is a standing that may be achieved whenever you turn out to be the go-to inside the trade. It implies that your leads view your model because the skilled inside the discipline.
For instance, Steve Jobs and Invoice Gates had been thought leaders regardless of being rivals that took expertise in several instructions.
What Can Thought Management Supply My Model?
As we’ve stated, thought management is one thing most – if not all – manufacturers are striving for.
Contemplate the definition as soon as extra: thought management is when a model turns into the go-to model after proving they’re specialists inside the discipline.
So, what advantages can thought/trade management provide your model? It’s easy, actually.
When your model turns into the first place your target market goes to resolve their issues or reply their questions, you seize these prospects as leads. Then, together with your wonderful content material advertising and marketing technique, you’ll be able to convert them into consumers, thus growing your income.
However it doesn’t finish there. With thought management comes an prolonged model repute. Your prospects can have associates, pals, or relations who additionally fall beneath your goal demographic. If they’ve the identical questions, your model is there to assist them discover the solutions. With elevated reliability comes belief. Thus, your model’s repute will develop at a price of knots.
How Does Video Fall Into Thought Management?
One of many essential pillars of thought management is belief. We’re way more prone to belief someone if we are able to see them in individual. Nonetheless, the web is the subsequent neatest thing, as movies make it appear to be you’re proper there with them.
Changing copywriting and a stable written content material technique is essential. Nonetheless, video advertising and marketing is among the handiest advertising and marketing codecs, and it’s the format that provokes essentially the most motion.
It permits your prospects to get to know you, making it extra humane and private.
In a nutshell, video advertising and marketing helps you obtain thought management by:
- Being simple to eat, entry, and digest.
- Having a decrease probability of distraction than different types of content material.
- Permitting you to indicate your model’s voice, persona, and the human aspect of it behind the scenes.
- Being way more versatile than different types of content material. You may put movies actually wherever – emails, touchdown pages, blogs, social media, and a lot extra.
What Forms of Movies Ought to I Create To Turn out to be a Thought Chief?
As with all kind of content material, you need to use numerous sorts of movies to turn out to be a thought chief. The most effective factor to do is weigh up your model’s persona and use the kinds that finest match that. In case your instinct tells you that it’s ‘out of character,’ then strive a distinct kind.
Instructional movies are essentially the most various and, arguably, the handiest type of video advertising and marketing. Why? The reply lies inside worth.
Think twice in regards to the level of thought management: to show you’re a chief inside the trade.
There isn’t any higher means of proving this than by educating and educating your viewers.
Sharing in-depth data and fixing typical issues inside your discipline is a dependable means of gaining belief and proving that your model is aware of what they’re speaking about.
You may put up academic movies wherever, together with social media, touchdown pages, and weblog pages.
Vlogging is video running a blog. Naturally, a majority of these movies belong on a weblog, however they can be posted on social media to indicate your model’s private and humane aspect.
Vlogging means that you can join together with your prospects deeper and seize extra results in construct a much bigger, extra devoted digital viewers.
Creating video blogs additionally permits your creativity to run wild, as you’ll be able to primarily put up something your model cares about in numerous methods.
Social media has made it simple to go ‘stay.’ Whereas not way back we considered ‘going stay’ as one thing restricted to celebrities and musicians, these days anybody can go stay.
Posting a stay video reveals real authenticity, and it allows your viewers to ask questions and acquire immediate responses. It’s extra like a two-way dialog, that means you’ll be able to actually present your persona and topic experience.
Create a Thought Management Technique And Implement Video Advertising and marketing
As with all content material advertising and marketing, you’ll be able to put up essentially the most sensible company movies, however and not using a correct technique, you’ll discover that it’s unlikely to transform.
With no technique, you’re taking pictures at midnight, crossing your fingers that you just hit a goal.
To create a video advertising and marketing technique and turn out to be a thought chief, ensure you:
- Keep constant – Everyone knows the influence of consistency, but some model house owners ignore it. Consistency is certainly one of the most vital points of any type of technique. Resolve how typically you’re going to put up and the place these movies will likely be posted. Don’t overdo it. Do nevertheless a lot you could have time for, however ensure you’re per it.
- Put up in locations at instances that your information would again you on – This comes from understanding your target market. The place do they digitally hang around most? And when? Verify your information and implement these essential components into your video advertising and marketing technique. ‘
- Speak about what your viewers desires you to speak about – It’s about them, not you. All the matters you strategy must be wanted by your viewers. Do your due diligence and market analysis, and plan your video content material round that.
Video Advertising and marketing – The Greatest Type of Content material?
There was a 52% enhance within the period of time spent watching movies on-line previously two years. That statistic alone is sufficient proof to make use of video in your advertising and marketing technique.
Thought management is not any simple standing to realize. It takes dedication, consistency, and willpower. So, go forth and create your video advertising and marketing technique at present so you’ll be able to take an enormous step towards thought management standing.
Torrey Tayenaka is the co-founder and CEO at Sparkhouse, an Orange County based mostly video manufacturing company. Sparkhouse is understood for reworking video advertising and marketing and promoting into actual conversations. Along with Sparkhouse, Torrey has additionally based the businesses Eva Good Bathe, Litehouse & Forge54. | <urn:uuid:8ab2aa6b-b01d-48e0-a354-87343f8cfa81> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fameliv.com/2021/12/10/become-a-thought-leader-in-your-industry-by-using-videos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.931592 | 1,676 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Iain Duncan Smith's mantra is “It can't be fair”. It can't be fair that people on welfare get more than people in work – a plausible sound bite that hides a wealth of detail and difference. If people in work are earning such low wages that they need them topped up, then maybe we should do something about wages. But of course that wouldn't occur to him.
Come to think of it, is it fair that a man who earns four times the national average wage at the public's expense (Cabinet minister), then gets his booze on the cheap, at even more expense to the public. But we don't talk about that. Small beer anyway, only a few million quid. Then he claims £39 for a single breakfast while claiming to be able to live on £53 a week.
But here is something that really is unfair. I want to contrast two people. One is Peter Cummings, head of corporate banking at HBOS from 2001 to 2008 when the bank collapsed. We learn today that in November last year he was fined half a million pounds for his role in the bank's crash. Half a million is a lot of money, but I doubt it is his entire fortune. So it took more than four years to get from a point where he was, according to the FSA, instrumental in wrecking a bank, the rescue of which has cost us taxpayers billions, to a point where he is fined what for him will be a comfortable sum.
The other person is Clive Baulch, made redundant in April 2012. “By October, he was desperate to find work, out of savings and reliant on £71 a week jobseeker's allowance. On 15 November, he went to sign on as usual. The Friday before, he had been on a day-long job trial, but otherwise it had been a quiet week. "My adviser took one look at my booklet and said she was sanctioning me, 'for not looking for work diligently enough'.” Sanctions for jobseekers are instant and brutal. No negotiation, no due process of law, no delay to enable him to get his affairs in order. Let me remind you, it was more than four years before action was taken against Mr Cummings.
Oh, and by the way, we are told that Peter Cummings has been suffering from ill health. He has my sympathy for that, but if that is a cause for being gentle with him, why are we not being gentle with the hundreds of thousands of sick and disabled people whose livelihood is being wrenched from under them by Iain Duncan Smith's cuts?
Meanwhile bankers continue on their very merry way. The people who more than anyone caused the crash are still paying themselves million pound bonuses without a shred of proof that they have earned them.
Where's that fairness in that, Mr Duncan Smith? Can you answer that, please, while you eat your subsidised House of Commons lunch and drink your subsidised wine? | <urn:uuid:6304e66a-ecfe-467d-b26e-43c121418fff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://acomfortableplace.blogspot.com/2013/04/it-cant-be-fair.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.988305 | 608 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Take a deeper dive into AI and the Internet of Behaviors at the virtual IABC World Conference 2021. In "Leading With Values — The Internet of Behaviors (IoB) and AI," trend report authors Joanne Henry and Donna Itzoe will examine scenarios in marketing, internal communications and PR to understand how ethics and opportunity need to be bedfellows. Don't miss this interactive workshop, taking place on 28 June at 4:40–5:10 p.m. PDT (12:40–1:10 a.m. BST, 29 June; 9:40–10:10 a.m. AEST, 29 June).
An Examination of AI and External Communications
Earlier this year, the IABC Trends Watch Task Force explored in a trend report how communicators can benefit from using artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Behaviors (IoB). As we further discussed the risks, rewards and ways to use AI in communications, we realized a deeper dive was needed. There are many risks, particularly with respect to a company’s transparency and honesty, but many may not be as familiar with the rewards and ways to use AI to our advantage. We want to cover those here.
McKinsey predicts AI and its technologies are not going anywhere. “We estimate that the AI techniques we cite in this briefing together have the potential to create between $3.5 trillion and $5.8 trillion in value annually across nine business functions in 19 industries. This constitutes about 40% of the overall $9.5 trillion to $15.4 trillion annual impact that could potentially be enabled by all analytical techniques,” the organization said in a 2018 report.
If McKinsey and others are correct about the prevalence of AI, then communicators as leaders must be comfortable with these conversations and find ways to use the technology.
External Communications, Marketing and AI
For external communicators and marketers, AI means we can now get insights from massive sets of data in seconds. This requires working alongside data analysts and technology partners to embrace and use AI-powered technology.
As communicators, we need to be mindful of how messaging consumption is changing and how that affects our role and our capabilities. Net point: the toolbox of communication channels will need to change, which is not new for us.
We don’t have to look very far to understand how AI data analytics has helped communicators succeed in extremely challenging circumstances. Data has been one of the most important allies we’ve had during the pandemic. For instance, health systems learned where cases of COVID-19 were popping up and started communicating with local health officials to share news and education. Armed with data instead of misinformation, we could communicate safety precautions in our own companies, notify procurement teams to purchase protective personal equipment (PPE) and more.
According to McKinsey, “AI’s application to real world business problems extends across nearly every sector of the economy, but the biggest impact could arise in two particular business functions.” They estimate these areas to be marketing and sales (USD 2.6 trillion) and supply-chain management and manufacturing (USD 2.0 trillion).
Most notably in marketing, AI can help with pricing and promotion, customer service and acquisition, and lead generation. External communicators and marketing teams need to pay close attention to this trend to guide their organizations appropriately.
As consumers, the data being shared about our online sales and searches can be frustrating. The new light fixture you just viewed online pops up on every site you visit for the next several days. While this alone isn’t new, the algorithmic sophistication has leapfrogged from the early days of online marketing. Besides the light fixture, you might get other offerings for household goods; a refinance offer from a partner in mortgage lending, a credit card offer, or — if your light fixture was deemed too high for your ZIP code’s average income — credit counseling!
From a marketer’s perspective, the wealth of integrated data does paint an instant picture of a prospective customer, their price sensitivity, tastes, combined interests, what images make them happy, which channel they’re most likely to click-through to on an image for your products and where they’re most likely to respond to an image. We have the chance to communicate more personally and, thus, more effectively.
This is where our expertise helps. We know that meeting people where they are and talking about what they’re interested in is most effective. With AI, we can use complex data sets to prove our proposed communication tactics have validity. Post-launch, we can use the data to re-affirm those postulates.
The Need for a Human Pilot
In 2019, Forbes took on the topic of AI and the marketing function: “Empathy, compassion and storytelling are all attributes that machines can't emulate, at least not yet. At the end of the day, AI is not bound by human limitations.”
Gartner predicted that by 2018, 20% of all business content would be authored by machines. Before we let AI do all the work, we need to remember that our experiences and communications expertise are critical to driving its use.
For the marketing professional, there are clearly opportunities. How we use them is where we find our balance.
We can also heed the advice of journalist Christine Crandell: “Augmenting marketers’ skills, akin to being their wingman, AI will have more impact on the discipline than any martech product to date.” She adds, “Marketing will need to prepare for AI and carry forward the lessons learned from predictive analytics and today’s patchwork of martech solutions — automation can only offer recommendations that are as good as the underlying data sources. In the end, the human is still the pilot.”
The Use of AI in Public Relations
AI and the Internet of Behaviors (IoB) are PR gold if we’re ready to find it, source it responsibly and create ethical best practices to capture its value. As in the early days of the Gold Rush in the American West, you don’t always need a lot of money to try your hand at using some of these tools. Open source and free resources are available and growing in use. Sophisticated mining, though, will take more investment.
While AI tools have been in use by the private sector and military since the 1950s, the power of AI is now more widely available to the masses, including PR professionals. Every time you enter a Google search, you’re using this free tool that does real-time monitoring of thousands of sites, an impossible task for any individual. A number of programs and apps will analyze text for sentiment analysis. A recent development is the use of audio analysis to monitor a customer’s tone of voice in a recorded customer service interaction. A headline from Tom Simonite in Wired cuts to the heart of it: “This Call may be monitored for Tone and Emotion.” One way PR professionals might use this tool is to analyze how empathetic their spokesperson is perceived — and whether that perception is reality.
Beyond assessment and analysis, AI combined with IoB can bridge the gap between communications and actual changes in behavior. In other words, we can verify an impact and know exactly what worked. If communications is both an art and a science, this technology allows the science to be much more meaningful and important. Whether you’re taking baby steps with AI, embracing it fully or waiting cautiously on the sidelines, it will be difficult to avoid the impact that it will have on the communications profession in the decade ahead. Imagine knowing within hours whether the campaign you ran has changed the behavior of your audience — it’s much different than polling them to see what they say they will do.
Analyzing Journalists’ Behaviors – at Scale
Knowing your audience, including stakeholders and journalists, is a core element of public and media relations. In an article from The Drum, author Kenneth Hein explains the potential of a new PR platform, PRophnet, to predict journalist’s future behavior. This tool samples more than 2 million articles from 12,000 plus reporters to yield a probability score for a specific reporter acting on a particular pitch. Imagine this: the next time the CEO insists you pitch a story you think has no merit, just run it through the algorithm.
Cision, Pitch Intelligence and MuckRack are other tools for this function. Following through on this process to demonstrate real PR outcomes and ROI, a next step would be to pitch specific stories to the reporters most likely to cover them and compare results to the data from pitches in the past without the use of automated tools.
The ideal scenario: free up staff to do what AI cannot — build personal relationships and scale their reach, without resorting to mass emails that include sending pitches to media channels and reporters with zero interest in them.
According to Hein, PRophet has software in the works to pitch podcasters, as well as the capability to test images. Other platforms already include image scanning. One question is how well the software will pick up potential threats, such as using an image that is culturally sensitive in one part of the country or among a specific audience group. Impact is one thing — sentiment is certainly another.
Other questions to ask potential PR technology providers include how well their database matches your own geographic, cultural or market niche. If your audience is primarily in Southeast Asia and the database of articles and journalists is weaker there, you won’t get the results you need.
Sentiment Analysis for Brand Marketing and Reputation
Natural language tools for sentiment analysis run from simple, built-in tools such as LinkedIn’s messaging tools, which scan how trustworthy messages seem, to platforms offering tools that gather sentiment changes on a granular level, pinpointing exactly when, where and who began a shift in sentiment.
For global communications, automated text translation is essential to productivity in a world that changes at gig speed. A variety of tools are springing up to provide sentiment analysis in a number of languages and countries, too. For example, Awario is a social media monitoring tool with a dashboard that categorizes data by country and importance. Talkwalker offers sentiment analysis across 187 languages to track stories in real time, including pulling data from television and radio.
Other examples of brand and reputation AI-based tools are Brandwatch, MonkeyLearn and the IBM Watson Cloud services that include the Watson Tone Analyzer. The Watson Tone Analyzer will examine tweets, reviews and customer conversations so chatbots can respond to a user’s tone.
We’ve seen the growing success of native advertising; now imagine how automated, tone-sensitive responses on all of your important social media sites can occur in real time, at scale. While all of these tools are designed exclusively for PR professionals, it’s not a leap to see how these advanced capabilities can be integrated into other apps or customized for PR use.
Read about more AI platform solutions for PR use via PR Daily here.
Crisis Communications Prevention and Recovery
AI sentiment analysis, and social media and conversation tracking can also be used to detect a crisis before it happens. This is what government agencies have been using all along, with increasing sophistication. However, there has been backlash, including profiling and protests over privacy and individual rights. Still, it’s difficult to deny the value to prevention if you have the capability to track sentiment suddenly moving against a brand, company or key individual at an organization. It could also be critical to stop misinformation quickly and identify the original source.
Crisis guru Professor W. Timothy Coombs and his co-author, Elina R. Tachkova, presented on the lack of research on the most effective responses for a preventable crisis at the International Public Relations Research Conference in 2019. They argued that a “preventable or human-led” crisis, requires a very different response than other types of critical events. While the authors noted there is plenty of research on how to respond to natural disasters and accidents, not much is available about preventable crises.
The good news: the gap is starting to close. Following Paine Publishing’s 2020 Summit on Reputation Management and Measurement, one of its sponsors, Fullintel, rose to the challenge. Katie Paine recently covered the work of Fullintel and Coombs in an article online here.
Working with Coombs, Fullintel gathered thousands of articles of traditional media coverage on three recent human-error crises: the Boeing 737-Max, the demise of WeWork, and an accidental toddler death. The research made use of different types of crisis response from Professor Coombs’ “Situational Crisis Communications Theory” (SCCT). Fullintel taught its machine learning technology how to identify a crisis, how to classify the crisis and how to identify different responses.
The results, Paine says, were surprising in just how close the machine-recommended responses were to the human responses. In tracking results by how quickly media coverage turned to neutral after a crisis (a sound measure of success), the AI results bore out what our instincts tell us — that the least effective response strategies for this type of crisis are denial, stonewalling, scapegoating and discrediting information sources.
Does this mean a reduced role for crisis expertise? Paine says no. But how much more successful will such experts be, armed with data on which strategies have worked and which have failed in human-error crises over a large span of time, and including hundreds of data points?
In crisis PR, when you have a (hot) seat at the table, always bring data. This doesn’t mean throwing out everything you know about empathy, trust and acting with transparency. It does mean that the AI tools to persuade people with facts are there, and they’re getting better every day.
Authenticity and Privacy
Authenticity and transparency are essential to building trust. Where do AI and behavior tracking fit into this environment at a time when trust is tenuous in so many situations?
Disclosure is usually the best policy when it comes to monitoring or using tools to post automated messages that sound like a real person. That policy isn’t always followed, although the proliferation and acceptance of chatbots may change that. Beyond the moral issue around disclosure, companies risk reputation and credibility if their AI responses to queries smacks of corporate speak or don’t match the actions of the organization.
Responsible communications departments and their organizations will establish their own thoughtful policies for how automated AI tools can be used in the absence of clear guidelines. For example, any information gathered should be disclosed in a specific way and at a certain point in the customer engagement.
Best practices, if not legal requirements, require the use of personal user data by permission. (A narrow example: “I accept all cookies.”) Regulations are adapting to ensure consumers know when and how their data is used.
In the absence of consistent law, we need to police ourselves and, perhaps, our industry. Few of us working in communications during 2018 can forget the image of Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg testifying on the social media giant’s use of data mining, its disclosure practices and the impact on consumer privacy. Today, the tools are there to track much more than our online behavior; we can monitor almost any act, and in real-time. As communicators, we need to weigh in on matters such as disclosure, informed consent, when we communicate that we’re watching/listening and more. We need to apply our ethical judgment and provide a perspective of how our company’s use of perspective will be perceived once it’s in the rear-view mirror.
For additional information and details, read “New Ethics Guide for Artificial Intelligence in PR” from the Institute for Public Relations.
The Risk of Perpetuating Exclusion Practices
One significant criticism of data mining to influence future policies is that AI tools can be used to perpetuate the status quo. Since many people of color, women and other marginalized groups are underrepresented in mainstream channels, scanning sites for “qualities of top surgeons” or “colleges attended by the most awarded architects” may produce results that encourage narrow selection processes and reduced opportunities.
The impact of AI tools on equity and inclusion efforts could be a full research paper on its own. The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recently published a report that tracked specific uses of AI that posed an ethical dilemma. As a result, UNESCO is working on a legal, global document on the ethical implications of AI. Until then, organizations may want to consider expanding their ethical best practices to address both current and emerging technologies.
Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Behaviors and You
The Internet of Behaviors (IoB) combined with AI tools makes it possible to finally connect the dots to the desired action of the people you are trying to influence.
There is so much to consider for communications professionals when it comes to AI. For those hesitant or thinking you don’t have a voice in this topic, we can no longer say we don’t have a seat at the table. We are firmly planted there.
Last year in particular, our clients and companies looked to us, asking what to say and, in many cases, what do we do. Indeed, it’s an understatement to call 2020 a tumultuous year, with a worldwide pandemic, cultural clashes and protests, and political unrest that permeated the world. Many organizations looked to those in the communications industry to ask for help because we are purveyors of authenticity and transparency.
We must focus on how AI factors into our world and why we should care. We must use the positions in our organizations to take leadership in using AI. Unlike other technological changes and new products, AI may not be as obvious as embracing email.
This technology is embedded in our lives. We may not be its owners, but we should forge our way into conversations around it — the authenticity of our organizations depends on it. There are ethical boundaries to consider, true, and we must embrace those front and center. But let’s also look at the trends that help us be even more effective communicators, help us reach populations we haven’t been able to and give us data to understand what we may not know to accomplish all of this.
Download the Report
Donna Itzoe, Joanne Henry, Nick Vivion | <urn:uuid:b5198c44-400e-4657-947b-00342b365973> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://catalyst.iabc.com/Innovation/Innovation-Article/we-wrote-this-or-did-we | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.939176 | 3,842 | 1.734375 | 2 |
The escalator comb plate is located at bothends of an escalator or moving walk, where the moving steps meet the fixedlanding portion. The escalator comb plate has teeth, which are aligned with therecess of the steps and are rounded in shape. Often they are provided in yellowallowing passengers to easier identify the transition line of the often greysteps and grey landing plate. A safety switch is also fitted behind the compplate to switch off the escalator in case anything gets stuck there. The teeth ofthe escalator comb plate can break off when small stones, screws or coins arecaught in between. Escalator comb plates sections are usually fitted with twoscrews and damaged ones can be easily replaced.
Good escalator comb plate:
The teeth will be cut off when it’s hitbetween the step, will not have the turnup broken teeth on the comb plate.
Bad escaaltor comb plate:
The borken turnup teeth will leave on thecomb plate, and it will hurt the people and step.
However, the safety device fitted on all escalatorsand moving walks is often not well maintained by the owner. The likelihood tofind a broken tooth on a high traffic escalator or moving walk is actually veryhigh. Escalators are usually serviced once a month, hence it can take some timeuntil a broken tooth is noted. Owners are also not always keen to replaceescalator comb plates with "only" one broken tooth due the continuousreplacement costs.
One or multiple broken teeth are serioushazards, especially for children hands and shoes. Hence, I would like to remindon the safe usage of escalators and moving walks:
The escalator comb plate is located at bothends of the exit entrance, to facilitate passenger transition and engage withsteps, pedals or automatic sidewalk tape. The ends are rounded and shaped tominimize the risk of foot clamping between steps, pedals or tape. Thesupporting structure shall be adjustable to ensure proper meshing and properstiffness.
The escalator comb plate is the safetyprotection device of the elevator. There is a micro switch behind the escalatorcomb plate.
One side of the escalator comb plate issupported on the front plate and the other side is used as the fixing surfaceof the comb tooth. Its horizontal Angle < 10 °.The structure of theescalator comb plate shall be adjustable to ensure that the meshing depth ofthe carding teeth is greater than 6 mm. It can be made of aluminum alloyprofiles or thick carbon steel plates.
The comb lamp is a part of an escalator andwalkway that gives light from under the foot of the passenger at the exit.Usually set at the end of the skirt board at the entrance and exit. Lightingshould be adequate and adequate. The lighting at the escalator comb plateshould be consistent with the lighting required in the area. The lighting atthe indoor or outdoor escalator and the exit of the automatic sidewalk shouldbe at least 50lx or 15lx respectively.
We can supply the best quality escalatorcomb plate on the market, and we have lots of models of these comb plates, soour price also is very nice.
Installationof escalator comb plate
To ensure the safety of passengers on theescalator, it must be installed at the entrance and exit of the escalator
(1) The front escalator comb plate is anextension of the ground plane and the height cannot be different. The heightdifference between it and the upper surface of the step pedal should be no morethan 80mm.
(2) Escalator comb plate. One support onthe front panel, the other as a comb fixed surface, its horizontal Angle of 40°or less, the structure of the escalator comb plate is adjustable, in order toguaranty the pedals and comb tooth meshing depth of 6 mm with tape or alveolarknead to a depth of 4 mm or more.
(3) Comb Teeth. Tooth width of 2.5 mm, orend for rounded corners, horizontal Angle of 40 °or less.
(4) The adhesive tape of the automaticsidewalk shall have a groove that meshes with the comb teeth of the comb teethalong the running direction.
(5) The height of the belt groove shouldnot be less than 1.5mm, the depth of the groove should not be less than 5mm,the width of the tooth should not be less than 4.5mm, and it should not be morethan 8mm.
(6) The tape should be able to becontinuously and automatically tension, and it is not allowed to use stretchingspring as tension device.
(7) The vertical net height shall not beless than 2.3m above the escalator, the footstep of the automatic sidewalk orthe tape of the automatic sidewalk.
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Pls email us if you have any questions. | <urn:uuid:ebc3c7e6-43ff-4572-bec2-5c7dbb079777> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://escalatorparts.cn/product/Otis/EscalatorParts/EscalatorCombPlate/GO453DY2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.899623 | 1,193 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Federal trademark law exempts certain communicative uses of a trademark from liability so that the public can freely use a trademark to comment on the markowner or to describe its products. These exemptions for "speech-interests" are badly flawed because their scope is inconsistent between infringement and dilution law, and because the cost and difficulty of claiming their protection varies significantly from court to court. Many speech-interests remain vulnerable to the chilling threat of litigation even though they are "protected" by current law. This Note proposes a simple statutory reform that will remedy this inconsistency by creating an express safe harbor for speech-interests in the Lanham Act. This reform will give full effect to the policy behind these exemptions: that if they apply, the public ought to be able to freely use a trademark in discourse. This reform also furthers the Lanham Act's purpose of establishing a uniform system of nationwide trademark protection by endorsing the simple principle that a given use of a trademark should be either consistently protected from or vulnerable to suit in every court and under every cause of action.
Samuel M. Duncan,
Protecting Nominative Fair Use, Parody, and Other Speech-Interests by Reforming the Inconsistent Exemptions from Trademark Liability,
U. Mich. J. L. Reform
Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjlr/vol44/iss1/6 | <urn:uuid:260a45bf-dc4d-4dfe-a446-ed43d8f679aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjlr/vol44/iss1/6/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.903648 | 308 | 1.90625 | 2 |
What can we expect in the world of public education in 2012? (For a good review of what happened in 2011, check out this link.) I’ll start by considering three nagging questions.
1. Will this be the year that some school districts say ‘No mas!” to No Child Left Behind’s harsh rules?
2. Will we have that long-awaited national conversation about the goals of public education?
3. And will political leaders rise up against the excesses of for-profit education, so effectively documented in the New York Times (December 13, 2011), where we learned that the school superintendent of one for-profit charter chain that enrolls 94,000 students is paid $5,000,000 a year? (By contrast, Dennis Walcott, who is responsible for over one million New York City public school students, earns $213,000 a year.)
Sadly, I fear that the answer to those three questions is NO, NO and NO. Professional educators — who are generally reactors, not actors — will be busy trying to keep up with the latest new new thing (this year it’s the Common Core). I don’t expect rebellious behavior from superintendents and school boards, no matter how much they claim to be chafing under NCLB. Expect instead a further narrowing of the curriculum, more testing, larger classes, and the continued heroic behavior of most teachers under difficult circumstances.
Because this is an election year, the politics of public education are even crazier than usual, meaning that serious debate over the federal role in education won’t occur in 2012. Republicans are running against the very existence of the federal Department of Education, not debating subtleties of achievement measures. Not only is there zero chance of a national dialogue, the probability that anything useful will happen in the re-authorization of NCLB is pretty slim, unless it happens very early this year.
And because money talks in education, the for-profit crowd seems likely to continue its creeping expansion. A few more exposés like Stephanie Saul’s wonderful New York Times piece (linked above) won’t be enough to make us care about what amounts to the selling of other people’s children.
However, I can imagine four and perhaps five hopeful scenarios for 2012. In ascending order of importance (my judgement call), they are ‘Growth in Home Schooling,’ ‘Shutting Down Failing Charter Schools,’ ‘Board/Union Cooperation,’ ‘Whole School Evaluation,’ and ‘Blended Learning.’
I think it’s safe to predict more Home Schooling, fueled by a stagnant economy, policies that allow home-school students to participate in some school activities, and parental dissatisfaction with public education’s relentless focus on math and reading. Parents want more for their kids, and, if one parent can’t find a paying job outside the home, why not teach your own?
A larger number of failing charter schools will be closed in 2012. It’s happening now in California, New Orleans and Washington, DC. While the stated reason is often financial, as Andy Rotherham wryly notes, that’s how they got Al Capone. What that means: it’s easier to prove financial mismanagement than educational malpractice, but they often go hand in hand. If the non-profit public charter movement gets its act together and both raises and adheres to high standards, there’s no stopping this movement in 2012.
Board/Union Cooperation is not some dream scenario. It’s happening because the Race to the Top competition got the two sides talking, because the Gates Foundation and the U. S. Department are putting dollars behind it, and because quite a few leaders on both sides of the table are reading the tea leaves. Union leaders are well aware of the threat posed by charter schools, which do not have to unionize. Whether there’s pressure on school boards to stop their meddling is an open question, but there’s a trend toward decentralization that could grow. It’s not just Hillsborough, Florida, folks. This could be big in 2012. Maybe we will see shorter contracts that leave more decisions in the hands of the people in the school, instead of dictates from on high.
Whole School Evaluation is a sleeper for 2012 because all the public attention has been directed toward measuring the effectiveness of individual teachers (often so the ineffective ones can be removed). But quietly and behind the scenes, a few leaders have recognized that evaluating every teacher individually would entail testing every subject in every grade — and that’s both illogical and insane!
Concrete plans are being developed and implemented that use multiple measures to draw conclusions about how much or how little the entire school is progressing. And when a school rises, everyone involved — including office staff, custodians, attendance officers and the like — stand to benefit. Washington, DC, which has been in the spotlight (and sometimes the cross hairs) for its controversial “Impact” system, uses what seems like a sensible Whole School Evaluation approach. Esther Wojcicki and I wrote an op-ed, “Trust but Verify”, on this subject a few months ago, if you’d like to know more about how it could work.
But my personal pick in 2012 is Blended Learning, an idea whose time has certainly come. Sal Khan and the Khan Academy are the most visible (and most successful) manifestation, but I hear that forward-thinking educators in many districts are recognizing that, while kids are going to be in schools, there is no reason they cannot be connected with students across the district, the state, the nation and the world. What’s more, the traditional ‘stop signs’ of 8th grade, 9th grade, 10th grade and so forth are now meaningless. If a child can use technology to help her move through three years of math in one, she should be encouraged to dig deep and move at her own pace. And when a child needs a year-and-a-half to get through Algebra, that’s fine too.
There are plenty of hurdles to the widespread acceptance of Blended Learning, chief among them being habit and tradition. Teachers are going to need help with this, because they haven’t been trained or encouraged to ‘let go’ of control, and, frankly, Blended Learning can make life difficult for the adults in charge. After all, it requires close personal attention to individual kids, instead of the usual practice of grouping kids by their age. In this approach, learning is a two-way street that demands exploration and always entails failure. No doubt some are going to try to co-opt Blended Learning either to make money from it or to cut the labor force (teachers), but, all that aside, Blended Learning is my bet for education’s big winner in 2012.
So, there you have my predictions/hopes for 2012. What are yours? | <urn:uuid:ff9c3da2-1748-4b02-8ae2-3d0cbf376368> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://themerrowreport.com/category/2012-presidential-race/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.95673 | 1,474 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Peter Munce looks at David Cameron’s proposal to replace the Human Rights Act (HRA) with a British Bill of Rights. He argues that Cameron’s radical approach to the Bill of Rights issue is unconservative and offers no guarantee that it can solve the perceived problems that the Conservatives have with the HRA.
Research conducted by UCL’s Constitution Unit in the run up to the 2010 General Election concluded that the Conservatives had a much more ambitious agenda for constitutional reform than many imagined. As the Unit’s Director pointed out, ‘David Cameron’s plans are much bigger than perhaps even he realises’. The research highlighted 40 separate proposals that a future Conservative Government had committed itself to implement across a range of areas from the working of Parliament and the Executive to the European Union and devolution. One element of the Conservative’s proposals was David Cameron’s commitment to repeal the Human Rights Act (HRA) and replace it with a British Bill of Right first made in a speech to the Centre for Policy Studies in June, 2006. This commitment reflected growing concern within Conservative ranks about the operation of the HRA particularly in the field of counter terrorism and a widely held perception by many Conservative MPs that the HRA had tipped the balance in the criminal justice system in favour of perpetrators of crime rather than victims.
Work on this policy in opposition continued under the Shadow Justice Secretary, Dominic Grieve, and an internal Conservative Party Bill of Rights Commission was established by the Leader in March 2007. However, the failure of the Conservative Party to form a majority government in May 2010 and the subsequent Coalition that was formed with the Liberal Democrats had an impact on this particular policy. If the Conservatives entered the election with a desire to repeal and replace the HRA, the Liberal Democrats were equally committed to maintaining and defending it. Therefore, as a result of coalition negotiations, a carefully worded paragraph was inserted into the coalition’s Programme for Government outsourcing this contentious issue to a Commission that was established in March 2011 to investigate ‘the creation of a UK Bill of Rights that incorporates and builds on all our obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights, ensures that these rights continue to be enshrined in UK law, and protects and extend our liberties.’
The HRA was introduced by the New Labour Government in 1998 to give further effect in UK law to the rights enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and was amongst one of the more significant constitutional changes to occur in Britain during New Labour’s time in office. Many within the Conservative Party reacted with great hostility to what they argued was the ‘constitutional vandalism’ of the New Labour years. However, the reality was that, irrespective of one’s view about the constitutional changes, the British constitution had changed during New Labour’s time in office. The challenge for Conservatives, as both Philip Norton and Matthew Flinders have previously considered, was how a future Conservative Government should react to these changes. Lord Norton has suggested that Conservatives had 3 options (reactionary, conservative and radical). Firstly, as Norton argued, they could attempt to return the constitution to the way it was when the Conservatives last held power (Reactionary). Secondly, accept the change that has occurred and conserve, once back in power, those changes (Conservative). Thirdly, craft a new constitutional settlement (Radical).
Conservatives have to a large extent adopted an essentially conservative approach to the bulk of New Labour’s constitutional reforms but one significant area where they eschewed this approach in favour of pursuing a more radical agenda was on Human Rights. Indeed, there is a curious paradox at the heart of Cameron’s proposal to replace the HRA with a British Bill of Rights. At first sight it appears that pledging to scrap the HRA is a very conservative thing to do. After all, it’s what a lot of Conservative MPs wanted Cameron to do. However, on closer inspection it can be argued that the proposal is actually profoundly unconservative. Rather than accept that the HRA now has a place as part of the UK’s body politic and constitutional order, David Cameron has committed the Conservative Party to uprooting the HRA and to planting a new mechanism for the protection of rights in the form of a British Bill of Rights with no guarantee that any of his or the Conservative’s criticisms about it can be addressed.
David Cameron’s commitment to repeal the HRA and replace it with a British Bill of Rights neatly illustrates the dilemma facing Conservatives over constitutional reform. Questions immediately arise such as: once a problem with an aspect of the constitution has been identified, what should Conservatives do about it? To what extent should Conservatives embrace radicalism and change if that change is necessary to construct a better constitutional settlement? These questions go right to the heart of the philosophical dilemma for Conservatives when they find themselves as protagonists and agitators of constitutional reform. This dilemma was insightfully considered by the late and distinguished political scientist Nevil Johnson in an essay published in 1980. After a period in the 1970s when figures like Lord Hailsham were unlikely protagonists calling for a new constitutional settlement in the UK, Johnson observed the fundamental dilemma for Conservatives of such a position. Conservative thought has always stressed dealing with the world as it is rather than attempting to construct institutions or constitutional mechanisms on abstract, idealist principles. Conservative constitutional reformers must ask themselves to what extent does the radicalism of a proposal for constitutional reform bring itself into tension with traditional conservative approaches to constitutional reform? To what extent are proposals for constitutional reform constructed on abstract principles rather than on the concrete circumstances of social, cultural and political life in the world as it is?
As much as Cameron was committed before the 2010 election to replacing the HRA with a British Bill of Rights it is a near certainty that whilst he remains in Coalition with the Liberal Democrats this will not happen. However, this does not mean that the human rights issue will go away. The Conservative Party remains committed to developing its own internal policy work and the shape and scope of a British Bill of Rights. Indeed, it would only take an outburst from the Conservative backbenches, a decision from the European Court of Human Rights or an intervention from the Liberal Democrats to show how it continues to be a source of tension between the Coalition partners.
This is the ninth in a series of posts by contributors to the recent ‘Conservatives in Coalition Government’ conference organised by the Political Studies Association Specialist Group for the study of Conservatives and Conservatism and the Centre for British Politics at the University of Hull. The views expressed are those of the author alone and not those of the Political Studies Association or the University of Hull.
Note: This article gives the views of the author, and not the position of the British Politics and Policy blog, nor of the London School of Economics. Please read our comments policy before posting.
Peter Munce is a Leverhulme Early Career Fellow in the Department of Politics and International Studies at the University Hull researching the Conservative Party and the protection of human rights in the UK. He can be contacted at email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:6c767992-7500-4259-86cb-7e3dcf1a203a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/camerons-bill-of-rights-munce/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.958725 | 1,462 | 2.234375 | 2 |
In some animals of the arthropod group, such as spiders, scorpions and crabs, the structure responsible for providing support and protection to vital organs is not located inside the body – as is the case with our skeleton – but outside of it. They are exoskeletons. The concept of an exoskeleton is today an idea explored by researchers working in the field of technology for the rehabilitation of patients with motor difficulties. On the Unesp campus in São João da Boa Vista, a research project is developing a robotic exoskeleton aimed at the recovery of movements of the lower limbs, with particular emphasis on patients who present with motor incapacity due to having suffered a vascular accident cerebral (stroke) ).
The ExoTAO project, as it is called, has been developed by Professor Wilian Miranda dos Santos since 2011, when he was still a student at Master funded by Fapesp Nope Robotic rehabilitation lab from the São Carlos School of Engineering, USP, of which he is now a collaborating professor. The main objective of the project, which in addition to USP also has the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) as a collaborator, is on patients who have stroke sequelae and who have suffered an incomplete lesion of the spinal cord, the condition of which requires a process of rehabilitation of the lower limbs. . A prototype of the exoskeleton is already in operation and has been tested, for the moment, in people without motor disabilities. But the goal is to start using it in patients later this year, on an experimental basis.
Stroke is the leading cause of death in Brazil
Stroke is the leading cause of death in Brazil, and estimates from the Ministry of Health indicate that more than two million people are living with the consequences today. Among them, more than 500,000 suffer from a severe disability. Often these patients have their mobility and autonomy compromised, and it is necessary to go through a long, disciplined and complex rehabilitation process that involves, for example, dozens of physiotherapy and occupational therapy sessions, in addition to frequent travel. in rehabilitation centers. .
Santos explains that the first robotic devices developed for rehabilitation purposes worked to impose an ideal gait. That is, the device guided the execution of the correct movement, but did not force the patient to make efforts: he performed the exercises in an absolutely passive way. Over time, this approach has proven ineffective. “For the patient to relearn to perform the movement after a stroke, cortical reorganization is necessary. This reorganization is only possible if there is an effort on his part,” explains the engineer.
From the very first steps of the ExoTAO project, the researchers established as one of their challenges to develop a mechanism capable of reading the intensity necessary for the patient to perform the movement, but not to the point of replacing his effort. “It’s like the relationship between teacher and student. The robot must assist the patient, but cannot do the movement for the patient. That should help to some extent. The student must be able to complete the task on their own,” Santos compares.
In order to obtain a compatible response from the device to the effort exerted by the patient while providing safety, the researchers equipped the device with a series of elastic actuators, which are motors equipped with springs located in each of the joints of the exoskeleton. . By reading the force of the patient carried out by algorithms, the actuators are able to calculate the intensity of the force that the exoskeleton must impart on the movement carried out by the patient. How the structures work has been detailed in published articles in the scientific journal Control engineering practice in 2019 and in 2017. “ExoTAO allows you to perform various decisive passes during the different moments that constitute a walk. What characterizes it as a robotic device is precisely the fact that it can obtain information and adapt to it, displaying a certain decision-making autonomy,” explains Santos.
Another goal was to give the project a modular structure. This facilitates the removal of actuators located in the joints to meet individual treatment demands, thereby allowing for individualized device use and treatment.
Another feature is the ability to capture a series of patient data through the device. The exoskeleton can provide, for example, information on the measure of the force applied by both the individual and the robot during a gait, as well as the length of the stride and the speed of movement of the patient, between other indicators.
The integration of this data in the evaluation of patients or the design of rehabilitation protocols is not, however, the specialty of the engineers developing the exoskeleton. To support this clinical sphere, the group has the collaboration of researchers in the field of physiotherapy at UFSCar. Marcela de Abreu Silva Couto is currently doing a postdoctoral fellowship at the Robotic Rehabilitation Laboratory, but since 2013 she has been part of the group, contributing to the clinical perspective of the projects. in your doctorate, evaluated the effects of a single session of robotic therapy combined with video game activity in patients with chronic stroke. The study found positive results.
Potential for accelerating recovery
A relevant question raised in the work is its collaboration for the design of future protocols and reflections on the use of this type of technological resource. Couto explains that one of the differentiators of robotic rehabilitation is its ability to generate and make available datasets, which allows its use as an assessment tool. However, explains the researcher, there is still a long way to go to synchronize this data with what is already interpretable.
Part of the research carried out by the physiotherapist is to combine these results provided by the equipment with the gold standard techniques currently used – for example, gait analysis carried out using cameras. “The idea is to develop not only the equipment itself, but all this very rich input of information that the equipment brings with it, and thus establish a conversation between the typical functional tests that we already apply in physiotherapy and this developing technology,” he explains.
The researcher points out that the rehabilitation process for a person suffering from motor restrictions following a stroke is generally long, tiring and demotivating, both for the patient and for the healthcare professionals. What the researchers noticed, however, was that the application of robotics showed the potential to speed up the recovery process.
“Rehabilitation robotics has the particularity of offering intensive therapy. Depending on the equipment and how it is used, the patient benefits from a greater number of hours compared to what is done through conventional therapy. Sometimes, in half an hour of using robotic equipment, you can obtain the equivalent result of more than three hours of conventional rehabilitation”, explains the researcher, who recently studied the application of robotics to patients with Parkinson disease.
Couto makes the reservation that the application of robotics must be seen as another resource to be associated with rehabilitation and not as a magic solution. “There is no point in idealizing a future where people are sitting in front of machines recovering. We will always need an individualized look and the combination of several approaches in therapy,” he says. It uses the concept of a therapeutic environment, in which technological resources such as robots, video games and virtual reality are used, but which does not renounce conventional techniques.
Possibility of cheaper access to technology
The development of a robotic rehabilitation device with national technology also offers the prospect of making this treatment modality cheaper. The value of imported equipment is, in Santos’ opinion, one of the biggest obstacles to robotic rehabilitation becoming more accessible to the general population. Commercial devices similar to the device developed by the Unesp, USP and UFSCar team currently cost at least 300,000 euros, which makes it practically impossible to acquire them, except for certain large rehabilitation centers.
In 2018, a patent was filed highlighting the structure and the modular concept of the exoskeleton, and more recently the group is working to transform the prototype into a product. For this new stage, Santos indicates as main challenges the optimization of certain parts, in order to reduce their weight, and the elaboration of an optimized design which contributes to make it commercially viable.
But, despite the still prohibitive prices, he asserts that the application of robotic devices in rehabilitation has good reasons to become widespread in the future, supported by advantageous aspects such as the proven effectiveness in improving patient rehabilitation, the development of new protocols and treatment strategies with this resource and the trend towards the incorporation of artificial intelligence in decision-making devices.
Exoskeleton photos: personal collection. | <urn:uuid:be996966-dbd3-4204-8f5d-8bbb3c284960> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lorazepamhowto.com/2022/08/02/journal-of-unesp-robotic-skeleton-promises-to-make-cutting-edge-rehabilitation-tech-cheaper/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.954994 | 1,768 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Re-posted from the NCAG Alumni Newsletter, Authored by Jed Applerouth, Applerouth Tutoring Services, www.applerouth.com
In this year of changing tests, we are all waiting for the information that will allow us to expertly guide our students towards a smart testing plan. The SAT is undergoing significant shifts and the final product remains a work in progress. The initial set of practice problems released April 2014 gave us only a basic outline of the kinds of problem sets coming to the SAT; the December 2014 problem set, amounting to 2/3 of a full SAT, reflected a higher level of difficulty than we have ever seen on any SAT or ACT.
The PSAT practice test the College Board released just last week was remarkably easier than the December problem set indicated it would be. It appears the College Board is backing off from a more difficult PSAT and we can only speculate the lever of difficulty of the first new SAT. In May, when Kahn Academy releases the first College Board - supervised practice SAT, we'll finally know what we are dealing with.
One thing we know for certain, the new PSAT resembles the ACT more than ever. These two test are converging in many ways, particularly in content, but diverging in one key area: time. The College Board has decided to put less of a focus on processing speed and is granting students a significant increase in time per question. The ACT gives students a mere 48.8 seconds per question compared the PSAT's 71.7 seconds per question and 70.1 seconds per question on the SAT. Students sitting for the PSAT or SAT are receiving a gift of 40% extra time compared to the ACT. This may be a meaningful factor to students who struggle with the speed constraints of the ACT.
This summer is a great time to encourage students finishing sophomore year going into the junior year to take Diagnostic Tests to determine their better test. To determine if they should prep and test for the current SAT (which will terminate January 2016), the ACT or the new SAT coming March 2016.
It's important to note that students who opt to take the new SAT will have to wait until May or June for a test score as the College Board will use the May results to validate the new curve which will be established for the March testing cohort. Because the current SAT terminates in January, and the new SAT will have a substantial scoring delay, many students will migrate to the ACT during this year of transition.
If you'd like to learn more about the Diagnostic Tests for students to determine their better test, call us at 541-690-8207 or email email@example.com | <urn:uuid:a0383d51-cf29-49a0-9b72-690b3b01a7e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mycollegeauthority.jimdo.com/2015/06/03/the-new-psat/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.95672 | 547 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Who is benefiting from scholarships at KJC?
We have a lot of students at KJC who have been learning music by themselves for years and are now looking to expand their knowledge in order to be full time musicians. Some of these students come from backgrounds that do not allow them to afford this education. In KJC we believe that they all deserve to fulfill their dreams and aspirations. This is not only beneficial for the students themselves but, overall, the whole of Nepal’s music and cultural scene. We believe that providing these talented students with an education is supporting and empowering the cultural scene and, this way, uplifting the country to new and exciting opportunities!
Here is a small list of just a few of the students that have benefited from our scholarship program:
After completing the diploma in Jazz and Composition with honours, Samyog was accepted directly into the Performance Masters Program in Utrecht in the Netherlands where he just completed his first year. During his time in KJC he arranged for a Big Band and managed to form bands with teachers and students alike. Samyog was awarded a full scholarship in KJC after his audition.
Sabin is a Bansuri (bamboo flute) player. He studied classical Eastern music from his childhood but as he got older his curiosity led him to Jazz. He figured out how to learn to play solos of great masters of the likes of Charlie Parker on his diatonic instrument by himself. Sabin’s full scholarship has allowed him to have the opportunity of performing with Jonas Winterhalter’s Big Band for the Katjazz festival of 2019 and , amongst other opportunities, to be accepted to complete his studies at the conservatory of Codarts in Rotterdam, Netherlands earlier this year.
Raised by a single mother, Sneha has been interested in singing since she was still a child. She has been receiving scholarships from KJC since a very young age. When she decided to join the diploma after finishing highschool she was awarded a partial scholarship that soon developed into a teaching scholarship, she trained under our faculty to teach beginners and that way be able to afford her education and make some money for herself. In the fall of 2019 she was awarded a scholarship by the great drummer Jojo Mayer. Sneha has grown to be one of our most successful local teachers now and additionally she was accepted early this year, upon completing our diploma program, to study in the prestigious Conservatorium of Van Amsterdam. | <urn:uuid:732992e5-5972-4381-b3f6-4043e7c80abe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.katjazz.com.np/stories-of-success/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.985571 | 519 | 1.585938 | 2 |
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