text stringlengths 160 608k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 2
values | url stringlengths 13 2.97k | file_path stringlengths 125 140 | language stringclasses 1
value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 48 145k | score float64 1.5 5 | int_score int64 2 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scientific name: acrodipsas illidgei
Other common names: Mangrove Ant-Blue Butterfly
- Queensland: Vulnerable (NCA 1992)
What does it look like?
This is a small butterfly with a 22-24mm wingspan. The wings are mostly dark brown with black terminal lines on the upper side. The underside is pale brown with dark brown markings and black spots along the margins. Females have a large blue area in the middle of the body. A photo of this vulnerable butterfly can be found on the CSIRO wesbite.
Where is it found?
Illidge’s ant-blue butterfly only occurs in mangroves and adjacent areas along the east coast of Australia. A breeding population can only exist with the presence of ant colonies of the crematogaster (acrobat ant) species.
The larvae of butterfly prey on juvenile ants, while the ants feed on the larvae’s sugary excretions. The species’ survival is directly linked to the survival of ant colonies. These ants mainly inhabit the strands of mangrove avicennia marina and the bases of mistletoe plants parasitising Casuarina trees near the mangroves.
What is threatening them?
- Increased clearance of mangrove areas
- Increased use of pesticides.
Illidge’s ant-blue butterfly is protected under the Nature Conservation Act 1992. It is an offence to damage or interfere with Illidge’s ant-blue butterfly in any other way than when accepted by the Act.
Redland City Council manages environmental pests throughout the Redlands to minimise their impact on native ecosystems and animals such as Illidge’s ant-blue butterfly.
Did you know...?
The blue-coloured regions on females’ wings change shades depending on the viewing angle.
Report your sighting
If you have seen or suspect you have seen a Illidge’s ant-blue butterfly, please report it to Atlas of Living Australia. | <urn:uuid:121b9f31-5c56-4acc-bd18-f95fa0841355> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.redland.qld.gov.au/info/20254/wildlife_in_redlands_coast/710/illidges_ant-blue_butterfly | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.87509 | 421 | 3.609375 | 4 |
California Drought Leaves One Town Looking Like A 21st Century Dust Bowl
See life in East Porterville with no water.
It's raining in California and kids are actually celebrating.
But don't let the rain fool you, East Porterville is the town without water. It is ground zero in the California drought and has become a 21st century dust bowl. The wells have all dried up.
It's so bad they have to truck water to homes in 2,500 gallon tanks.
Read: Wild Beasts Invade City Streets Due to Drought
For the first time in history the state has ordered everyone to cut their water use by 25%. For the people of East Porterville, 25% of nothing is still nothing because the town has completely run out of water.
Amy McGlove has to get up at the crack of dawn and brings her kids to the local church to take showers in trailers.
She told INSIDE EDITION, “It's not going to be hot water but a shower is better than no shower.”
She fixes her daughter's hair in the parking lot.
Then she and her brother brush their teeth at an outdoor sink before they head off to school.
Down the street Angelica Gallegos has dozens of cases of bottled water stacked outside her house.
She washes her dishes in two big bowls. She has a green bowl for washing and a red bowl for rinsing.
Read: Record Drought Brings New California Gold Rush
“I do my cups first then my pots,” she said.
Angelica then uses the dirty water to clean her floors, fill the toilet, and water her thirsty plants.
For the good people of East Porterville living without running water is now the new normal.
The spring storm won't come close to quenching four straight years of drought. It's literally just a drop in the bucket.
Trending on Inside Edition
Trump Invokes Fifth Amendment in New York Civil Fraud Probe as New Details Emerge About FBI Raid at Mar-a-LagoPolitics
Maverick the Dog Helps Find a Missing Child in North CarolinaAnimals
Videos Show Teens How to Steal Certain Kias And Hyundais With Only a USB Cable, Police Warn Amid Rising TheftsInvestigative
New York Man Killed in Freak Accident at a Town Trash Transfer StationNews
Who Killed Jared Bridegan? 2-Year-Old Girl Is the Only Witness to Dad's Gruesome MurderCrime | <urn:uuid:fef13669-b849-495f-9fe6-9e3d7f2e61ed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.insideedition.com/10184-california-drought-leaves-one-town-looking-like-a-21st-century-dust-bowl | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.926431 | 514 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Quick Answer: When Are Property Taxes Due In Oregon?
- 1 What months are property taxes due in Oregon?
- 2 What happens if you don’t pay property taxes in Oregon?
- 3 Do Oregon property taxes go up every year?
- 4 Do you have to pay property taxes in Oregon?
- 5 Are property taxes higher in Oregon than California?
- 6 Why are property taxes so high in Portland Oregon?
- 7 Can you lose your house for not paying property taxes?
- 8 How long can you go without paying property taxes in Oregon?
- 9 Can someone take your property by paying the taxes?
- 10 How much do property taxes increase each year in Oregon?
- 11 Which states have no property tax?
- 12 How can I lower my property taxes in Oregon?
- 13 What county in Oregon has the lowest property taxes?
- 14 What state has the highest property tax?
- 15 Does Oregon have a property tax exemption for seniors?
What months are property taxes due in Oregon?
Taxes are due November 15 and may be paid in thirds. If paying in installments, the final installment is due May 15. July 1 is the beginning of the new fiscal year.
What happens if you don’t pay property taxes in Oregon?
In Oregon, property taxes that aren’t paid on or before May 15 of the tax year in which they’re billed are delinquent. The property is subject to a tax foreclosure three years after the first date of delinquency. The county prepares a list called a “foreclosure list” of all properties subject to foreclosure.
Do Oregon property taxes go up every year?
Taxable value limitation The limit is based on a property’s maximum assessed value (MAV). MAV can’t increase by more than 3-percent each year, unless there are changes to the property, such as the addition of a new structure, improvement of an existing structure, or subdivision or partition of the property.
Do you have to pay property taxes in Oregon?
Thanks to these limits, Oregon now has property taxes that are just under the 1.07% national average. More specifically, Oregon’s average effective property tax rate is 0.90%. Homeowners in Oregon also enjoy a large amount of consistency in the amount of taxes they pay from one year to the next.
Are property taxes higher in Oregon than California?
California is 19.3% more expensive than Oregon. The average CA residents earns more money, but it is still very difficult to save because of the high cost of living in the state. No sales tax. Next to income taxes that vary between 5 and 9.9% and 1% of property tax, there is no sales tax unlike California.
Why are property taxes so high in Portland Oregon?
Oregon’s property tax rates are higher than a number of other States. The main reason is that we do not have a sales tax (on anything). Just think, you can buy a new car and only pay an additional $50 for a two-year auto registration.
Can you lose your house for not paying property taxes?
If you fail to pay your property taxes, you could lose your home to a tax sale or foreclosure. But if the taxes aren’t collected and paid through escrow, the homeowner must pay them. When a homeowner doesn’t pay the property taxes, the delinquent amount becomes a lien on the home.
How long can you go without paying property taxes in Oregon?
In Oregon, real proper- ty is subject to foreclosure three years after the taxes become delinquent. When are taxes delinquent? Property taxes can be paid in full by November 15 or in three installments: November 15, February 15, and May 15. If the taxes aren’t paid in full by May 16 they are delinquent.
Can someone take your property by paying the taxes?
Paying someone’s taxes does not give you claim or ownership interest in a property, unless it’s through a tax deed sale. This means that paying taxes on a property you’re interested in buying won’t do you any good.
How much do property taxes increase each year in Oregon?
In Oregon, the assessed value of a home for tax purposes is not its current market value. Instead, assessed value is calculated by taking the value of the home in 1995, and adding 3% for every year that has passed since then.
Which states have no property tax?
And while there are some states that don’t levy income taxes ( Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming ), all states have a minimum property tax. The amount you pay in property taxes depends on where you live and on the cost of your home.
How can I lower my property taxes in Oregon?
Here’s how to proceed.
- Understand how property taxes work. Property taxes are calculated as: Town Tax Rate x (Assessed Value/100).
- Obtain your property card.
- Beware of structural improvements and limit curb appeal.
- Conduct your own research.
- When not to challenge.
What county in Oregon has the lowest property taxes?
Effective average tax rate: $7.00 per $1,000 of real market value for residential homes and land, giving Josephine County the lowest property tax rate in the state.
What state has the highest property tax?
In calendar year 2019 (the most recent data available), New Jersey had the highest effective rate on owner-occupied property at 2.13 percent, followed by Illinois (1.97 percent) and New Hampshire (1.89 percent).
Does Oregon have a property tax exemption for seniors?
⇨ Oregon is the only U.S. state, imposing a property tax and providing property tax relief to low-income senior homeowners exclusively through a property tax deferral program (excluding the disabled war veterans exemption). | <urn:uuid:c2b0c29a-62df-4bda-bf47-de7d892e5046> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://oregonurbanrenewal.org/oregon/quick-answer-when-are-property-taxes-due-in-oregon.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.940136 | 1,243 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Nadine Schaaf blog post
How Data is Driving Safer Mobility
Disruptive technologies have a huge impact on mobility and transportation systems: from road traffic and train tracks to air transportation. Data contributes to the safety of future transportation systems, such as autonomous or near-autonomous vehicles and self-flying cars.
Education in ARINC 424 and navigation database coding
Our ARINC 424 customer training sessions and navigation database coding practices provide a special value that comes with unique understanding of the ARINC 424 standard. By gaining invaluable insight from our experts and getting in-depth knowledge, participants will be able to transform their new know-how to added value in their daily operations. Understanding of the whole data chain and process contributes to more efficient handling of operational challenges.
Lufthansa Systems Blog
What is state of the art technology when it comes to working with General Navigation Information and References?
Pilots need to look up supplementary navigational information in the General Part during all flight phases several times a flight. This process can be time consuming, especially when the respective documents are displayed in 3rd party readers. Pilots have to deal with different formats and user interfaces while administrators have to maintain two applications. Those readers are not necessarily designed for the airline industry where needs of users are different from those of consumer applications. | <urn:uuid:0f79b9b4-f294-471d-9a44-be18be47dbd5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.lhsystems.com/users/nadine-schaaf | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.914914 | 277 | 2.015625 | 2 |
The plan of the rave1.com.br web-site has a enormous impact on how a internet site will find the passions of people to be able to drive targeted traffic. It’s well worth noting that design is merely one of the most essential phases of internet development. Brilliant web design capabilities as an efficient kind of marketing in itself. An incredible web design even offers to please those who visit the website. You may always accept responsive webdesign to produce your site appear nice and accessible on a lot of products and websites. Our durham web design India will help you reach your reason for successful world wide web advertising.
If you would like to learn more about just how web design can help your website give us an email. It is almost always better to aim at growing an internet design and style that’s straightforward where anything is clear to the fresh visitor. A fantastic and appealing web design provides in tourists and might work wonders for your organization. Top quality website development is now an irreplaceable application of home business.
Web design involves the use of many self-controls. It is critical to fully grasp just how web design has created over the past a decade. It’s also better to be certain the web design works together with changes in the not too isolated future. An appropriate web design is certainly one that is definitely ready for search engine optimisation as just about every business possibility unless your web sites appears quickly on the search engine. If you have decided to go for specialized web design to acquire your organization in prime condition, there are quite a lot of issues to take into consideration before taking on any agency. Professional web design is very important per business, despite the fact that not be conscious of it. When getting a professional website creation and connection with services is very important that you take into account the rates they feature.
A site design combines several elements to create the website successful. The plan of the site need to accomplish a particular goal – in our circumstance, bringing qualified prospects to your company. It’s generally more highly recommended to create a web page design that is certainly structural and interactive so that it’s service plan oriented. As the plan from the parallax webpage appears lovely and may become the big barrier to the expert services of SEO. If your present site design is no longer meeting organization targets, it is usually time for you to restore your content. Reactive site design is a web design methodology that permits a web site to work with all products including computer desktops, laptop computers, mobile phones and any other gadget that may look at web.
Webdesign alone may possibly have a viral effect on any small enterprise. There are numerous web page design and promoting schools today to ease the learning of world wide web designing and marketing. Poor graphic design or bad website creation could damage or collection you at risk to losing potential clients or clientele. In internet trading, it’s the internet design that accounts for creating a strong brand value since it is the lone resource for having detailed details regarding the enterprise. Creating an online design needs time and energy. For that matter there are plenty of internet design and development teaching institutes obtainable all over the world but you need to get the one that can fulfil objective to be a specialist web master. | <urn:uuid:683c1440-07c1-41c3-89b8-160e7ef6ab51> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.salemtours.co.in/what-is-actually-happening-with-web-development/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.948123 | 663 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Case studies are a common way of introducing or reinforcing themes in a range of classes, including those on communication and media. They also are an engaging way to build skills of respectful disagreement over important issues. They can serve as follow-ups to other materials on ethical theory or they can be used on their own to bring up overlooked ethical implications. They can be used in a course entirely focused on the ethics of media or communication, or they can be used to add a partial focus on ethics to a range of communication, journalism, or media courses. For instance, one may lecture on the ethics of trust in the news media, and then use a case study on sports blogging and trust. Alternatively, one might lecture on the various types of sports blogging and use a case study as a focus for discussion over the ethical issues concerning sports blogging. Either way, case studies are great ways to evoke discussion over difficult ethical issues.
What are case studies? Case studies are typically narrative accounts that involve characters (or parties) and at least one decision to be made that will significantly affect multiple parties. Typically, there are competing interests on each side of this decision—reasons for taking that action, and reasons against doing that action. If a case study is about forcibly revealing anonymous sources to safeguard national security, the interests are clearly oppositional: journalistic integrity (promises of confidentiality to one’s sources) and the interests of preserving our nation’s security (perhaps in times of war). The actions or decisions that serve as the focus of case studies are typically of two kinds: either they have already been made or they are yet to be made. The former type of cases will get students discussing the action a specified agent did in the case study, whereas the latter type ends with an unfinished situation—the students must then decide what an agent’s next move will be. Both types of case studies can be hypothetical or based on real occurrences.
How might one use case studies in their class? Some teachers use case studies to do two things. First, students can be tasked with identifying the ethical interests at conflict in the decision made or to be made in the case study at hand. What is the decision that is ethically problematic here? What reasons or interests do you immediately see for both sides of this controversy? Cultivating sensitivity to the various sides to an ethical issue develops the sort of charity and sympathy many see as vital features to an ethical decision-maker. And often, our first reaction is not our most justified or defendable reaction after we think about our reasons for a bit. Second, students can be asked to develop a position on the decision made or to be made—what should the agent do (or what should they have done)? More importantly, why is that the right action to take? This part goes deeper than merely noting interests on both sides of this controversy, as students are asked to argue for why one interest or value takes priority over another interest or value. Sometimes, there are creative solutions that can be envisioned to address all the concerns in the case study.
The fundamental point to the use of case studies in teaching ethics is to provoke discussion, questioning, and argument. They are not primarily used to solve problems, convey settled principles, prove certain theories, and so forth. Many instructors use them in the following way. Students are put into small groups and asked to read the case study. Each group talks over the case, directed by instructor prompts or the “discussion” questions listed at the end of many case studies. Following this, the instructor brings the entire class together and discusses what each group thought about each starting question. Students might then be encouraged to engage in reason-based discussion and debate about the case decisions in question. Disagreement, when it leads to the comparison and analysis of justifying reasons and values, is a welcome sign in using case studies to teach ethics. The instructor may conclude discussion with a summary of the interests and positions debated by students, but rarely is there one right answer (and set of reasons) that gains reasoned acceptance by all. Learning the process of critical ethical thinking and reasoned disagreement is one of the main ends of using case studies. | <urn:uuid:32702ce8-a3f0-46dc-b6b0-11d45f8fd15c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mediaengagement.org/research/how-to-use-case-studies-in-class/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.95529 | 845 | 3.859375 | 4 |
The F-Plan Diet launched in 1983, with fiber as the key focus for weight loss. The author of the F-Plan Diet, Audrey Eyton, called for you to consume between 40 and 50 grams of roughage daily, exceeding the Institute of Medicine's recommendation of 38 grams for men and 25 grams for women. The F2 Diet is the updated version of this original plan; this plan, which claims faster results, was first published in book form in 2006. A typical breakfast includes half of a grapefruit, which has hunger-curbing and insulin-stabilizing properties. If grapefruit isn't an option for you, the diet can still be followed with success.
In a sample plan on the F2 Diet, you'll usually begin the day with half a grapefruit, a bowl of high-fiber cereal, skim milk, a lightly ripe banana and a probiotic drink. The grapefruit and cereal are pretty much prescribed every day. At lunch, you enjoy a specially made F2 soup with whole-wheat toast, hummus and tomatoes; dessert is an apple. At dinner, you'll eat whole-grain pasta, marinara sauce, a green salad and even ice cream with berries. The grapefruit really is a small portion of the total day's meal plan, though it is a standard -- along with the special soup or a salad, high-fiber bread and a probiotic-containing food -- to be eaten daily.
Video of the Day
Citrus fruit of just about any kind can be substituted for the grapefruit. Although oranges have slightly more natural sugars, they have far more fiber -- 4.4 grams in one large orange vs. 0.9 gram in half of large grapefruit. Tangerines and tangelos are other choices with sweeter flavors and notable fiber content. Pomelos, which taste much like grapefruit with a slightly sweeter, more mellow bite, are another option. Ugli fruit, a citrus fruit that comes from Jamaica, are almost as large as grapefruit but have a sweeter, more tangerinelike flavor and could be a sub.
A 1/2-cup serving of raspberries or blackberries offers almost four times the fiber of one-half of a grapefruit and has none of the bitter aftertaste that might cause you to shy away from the citrus option. Choosing raspberries or blackberries also keeps your carbohydrate and sugar grams in check. In addition, a cup of strawberries provides more fiber and ample vitamin C, one of the primary vitamins offered by the grapefruit.
If you're looking for an alternative to grapefruit because you're on medication that precludes consumption of the fruit, avoid pomelos, tangelos and ugli fruit as substitutes. All of these have been bred with grapefruit and can contain the same compounds that cause medications, such as some statin drugs and blood-pressure-lowering drugs, to resist breakdown in the body. As a result, the drugs may stay in your system for too long and potentially increase your risk of developing liver damage and kidney failure. Instead of grapefruit, you might opt for an orange or a high-fiber fruit that's not citrus.
- Diets in Review: F-Plan Diet
- Institute of Medicine: Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids
- The Guardian: The Great Diet Test
- Health: What's Great About Grapefruit
- USDA National Nutrient Database: Oranges, Raw, All Commercial Varieties
- USDA National Nutrient Database: Grapefruit, Raw, Pink and Red and White, All Areas
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Grapefruit Juice and Medicine May Not Mix
- Clove Garden: Citrus Family
- Diets in Review: F2 Diet | <urn:uuid:1612595d-fba0-4646-87e5-a26856228ea7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.livestrong.com/article/320147-alternative-to-grapefruit-on-the-f2-diet-for-breakfast/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.93013 | 822 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Posted By Claire on August 13, 2010
In June 1528, when Henry VIII was courting Anne Boleyn, one of Anne’s ladies was suddenly taken ill with sweating sickness. Henry, who was paranoid about illness “took off on a flight from safe house to safe house” and Anne went into quarantine at Hever, the Boleyn family home in the Kent countryside. There, Anne became ill with “the sweat” and Henry dispatched his second-best doctor, William Butts to Anne with a love letter from Henry.
Anne Boleyn was one of the lucky ones, she survived sweating sickness, but others, including her brother-in-law, Sir William Carey, and Thomas Cromwell’s wife and daughters, lost their lives to the sickness.
But what was sweating sickness?
You can read more about it in my article Sweating Sickness or the English Sweat. | <urn:uuid:c60f5e8f-995a-46d6-a063-0197da980f0b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theanneboleynfiles.com/sweating-sickness/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.979963 | 193 | 3.015625 | 3 |
With the Windows Vista Windows Mobility Center screen, user can quickly access the Mobile PC settings in one convenient location, and also carry out some simple adjustment.
Mobility Center consists of several most commonly used mobile PC settings as the following.
* Depending on the system, not all of the following tiles will appear in the Mobility Center window. If there are no necessary hardware and drives, some of the following tiles cannot appear.
Move the slider to adjust the speaker volume of the mobile PC.
• Battery Status
View how much charge remains on the battery.
• Wireless Network
View the status of the wireless network connection.
• External Display
Connect an additional monitor to the mobile PC.
• Sync Center
View the status of an in-progress file sync, start a new sync or set up a sync partnerships, and adjust the settings in Sync Center.
• Presentation settings
Adjust settings, such as the speaker volume and the desktop background images, for giving a presentation.
Move the slider to temporarily adjust the brightness of the display.
• Screen's Orientation
Screen of Tablet PC can convert from horizontal to vertical or from vertical to horizontal.
Please refer to the steps below to display the Windows Mobility Center window.
o Click the Change battery settings icon in notice area, and click the Windows Mobility Center.
o Press the Windows logo key on keyboard while pressing “X”
After displaying the Windows Mobility Center window, proceed to Step 4.
1. Click the Start button, and select Control Panel.
2. After displaying Control Panel, select Mobile PC.
3. Select Windows Mobility Center.
4. Display the Windows Mobility Center window.
*The displayed part of each item is called Tile.
5. Move the slider bar or buttons displayed in each Tile to change the settings.
To change detailed items, click the icon displayed in the Tile. The Control Panel window will be displayed.
E.g. Click the icon , then the Sound screen will display. | <urn:uuid:3780c9d3-a04c-4e4c-a8e6-6a7eaad1e10a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sony.co.in/electronics/support/articles/S500028061 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.804075 | 419 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Host Kevin Patton discusses the importance of the course syllabus in setting the tone for a course and helping to create a positive course culture. He includes a list of practical steps we can take as we review and update our anatomy and physiology course syllabus.
00:00 | Introduction
02:02 | What, If Anything, Is a Course Syllabus?
13:03 | Sponsored by AAA
14:16 | Sparking a Course Culture
23:58 | Sponsored by HAPI
25:07 | Odds & Ends: Part 1
36:13 | Sponsored by HAPS
37:28| Odds & Ends: Part 2
47:15 | Staying Connected
★ If you cannot see or activate the audio player, go to: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-120.html
🏅 Apply for your credential (badge/certificate) for listening to this episode: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-120.html/#badge
❓ Please take the anonymous survey: theAPprofessor.org/survey
☝️ Questions & Feedback: 1-833-LION-DEN (1-833-546-6336)
📰 Get the thrice-weekly TAPP Science & Education Updates theAPprofessor.org/updates
A typical syllabus is a boring list of mostly unrelated rules, regulations, and procedures. Wouldn't it work better if our syllabus was instead an engaging, illustrated story? (Kevin Patton)
What, If Anything, Is a Syllabus?
Getting the plural form of syllabus straightened out, we explore what sorts of syllabus exist and which one we'll focus on in this episode. Below are some other episodes related to the anatomy and physiology course syllabus:
Sponsored by AAA
A searchable transcript for this episode, as well as the captioned audiogram of this episode, are sponsored by the American Association for Anatomy (AAA) at anatomy.org.
Don't forget—HAPS members get a deep discount on AAA membership!
Sparking a Course Culture
We sometimes fail to realize the power of a syllabus in providing a foundation—a spark—at the beginning of a course to form a course section's culture. That culture influences every aspect of teaching and learning for the entire term. Let's be artists when it comes to making—and tweaking our A&P course syllabus.
Sponsored by HAPI Online Graduate Program
The Master of Science in Human Anatomy & Physiology Instruction—the MS-HAPI—is a graduate program for A&P teachers, especially for those who already have a graduate/professional degree. A combination of science courses (enough to qualify you to teach at the college level) and courses in contemporary instructional practice, this program helps you be your best in both on-campus and remote teaching. Kevin Patton is a faculty member in this program at Northeast College of Health Sciences. Check it out!
Odds & Ends: Part 1
Let's talk about specific, practical things we can do make our syllabus more artful and more effective. How exactly can we make our syllabus smile and chuckle? Why is illustrating our syllabus a good idea? What about transparency?
Sponsored by HAPS
The Human Anatomy & Physiology Society (HAPS) is a sponsor of this podcast. You can help appreciate their support by clicking the link below and checking out the many resources and benefits found there. Watch for virtual town hall meetings and upcoming regional meetings!
Please fill out the HAPS Lab Survey! (use either link)
★ Alternate link: theAPprofessor.org/hapslabsurvey
Odds & Ends: Part 2
The artful syllabus includes inclusion (see what I did there?), but how can we do that? What if our syllabus is getting too long—what strategies can we use to trim it? Come on, can we really make our syllabus into a story?! What do we mean when we say that students read and raid their syllabus?
★ Native Land Digital (a starting point for creating a land acknowledgment) AandP.info/81f
★ A Guide to Indigenous Land Acknowledgement AandP.info/n51
★ Kevin's sample land acknowledgement lionden.com/fis.htm#land
★ Improve Accessibility with Heading Styles (a how-to from Microsoft Support; principles apply to other apps, too) AandP.info/ffq
If the hyperlinks here are not active, go to TAPPradio.org to find the episode page.
★ More details at the episode page: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-120.html
★ Transcript available in the transcript box: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-120.html
★ Need help accessing resources locked behind a paywall? Check out this advice from Episode 32 to get what you need! my-ap.us/paywall
Take The A&P Professor experience to the next level!
Earn cash by referring other A&P faculty to this podcast:
Tools & Resources
★ TAPP Science & Education Updates: theAPprofessor.org/updates
★ Amazon: amzn.to/2r6Qa3J
★ Text Expander: theapprofessor.org/textexpander
★ Rev.com: try.rev.com/Cw2nZ
★ Snagit & Camtasia: techsmith.pxf.io/9MkPW
★ Krisp Free Noise-Cancelling App: theAPprofessor.org/krisp
★ JotForm (build forms for free): theAPprofessor.org/jotform
★ QuillBot (writing tools): theAPprofessor.org/quillbot
★ The A&P Professor Logo Items: https://www.teepublic.com/stores/the-a-p-professor
Clicking on sponsor links helps let them know you appreciate their support of this podcast!
The A&P Professor® and Lion Den® are registered trademarks of Lion Den Inc. (Kevin Patton)
As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. I may be compensated for links to sponsors and certain other links. | <urn:uuid:e39e3130-98f5-435d-a9d8-7f62a27426a7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theapprofessor.blogspot.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.864992 | 1,351 | 2.3125 | 2 |
All we need is an easy explanation of the problem, so here it is.
We have a large physical server with more than 50 dbs on it; some are quite busy, others very quiet.
When having multiple DBs in an AG, only some of them multiple redo threads. We wanted the databases with those threads to be the busy ones. During a recent migration, we decided to be careful of the order we restored the dbs in, as it was our understanding that this was decided based on databases creation date. However, checking post migration, this isn’t true.
SELECT databases.database_id, databases.create_date, dm_hadr_db_threads.name, dm_hadr_db_threads.num_redo_threads, dm_hadr_db_threads.num_parallel_redo_threads FROM sys.dm_hadr_db_threads INNER JOIN sys.databases ON dm_hadr_db_threads.name = databases.name ORDER BY dm_hadr_db_threads.num_redo_threads DESC OPTION (RECOMPILE)
It isn’t create date or database id. It’s not alphabetical. It isn’t order added to the ag. Does anyone know what decides this?
This is SQL server 2019; the query is from the secondary.
Here is where we found it was based on database_id: https://www.brentozar.com/archive/2018/06/first-responder-kit-release-just-when-you-think-theres-nothing-new-left-to-do/
How to solve :
I know you bored from this bug, So we are here to help you! Take a deep breath and look at the explanation of your problem. We have many solutions to this problem, But we recommend you to use the first method because it is tested & true method that will 100% work for you.
Parallel redo threads are assigned in database recovery order, which does follow the
sys.databases creation date.
That said, the separate parallel database recovery feature means each database recovery task can be assigned to a different SOS scheduler (when there are a large enough number of schedulers available).
Say you had 8 databases and 32 processors. The 8 separate recovery tasks would likely be assigned to 8 different schedulers (the SOS abstraction of a CPU). Creation of the 8 tasks (in create date order) and scheduler assignments can happen very quickly.
How soon (and in which order) each scheduler starts executing its assigned recovery task depends on what other work each scheduler has at the time (its runnable queue), and how far through the current quantum any other currently-active task is.
Parallel redo threads are assigned (up to the global limit) soon after each independent recovery task starts executing on its assigned scheduler. This is non-deterministic due to the issue described just above.
Microsoft support have some undocumented trace flags that can help promote good distribution of parallel redo threads in complex scenarios. You should contact them about your situation.
Note: Use and implement method 1 because this method fully tested our system.
Thank you 🙂 | <urn:uuid:771569d2-b329-4604-ba77-e9854c74ae60> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://getridbug.com/database-administrators/in-a-multi-database-ag-what-decides-which-databases-will-have-more-than-1-redo-thread/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.917032 | 698 | 1.742188 | 2 |
(Natural News) Freedom of speech hasn’t exactly been appreciated in other parts of the world the way us folks in the United States endorse it, but things have gotten even more absurd. Anastasia Lin, a beauty pageant queen and Miss Canada 2015, has been silenced by the organizers of the Miss World pageant after she criticized the manner in which China has handled her comments regarding their communist nature. (RELATED: See more news about censorship at Censorship.news)
Maura Judkis of The Washington Post reports, “Miss Canada has found herself at odds with Miss World organizers, in a conflict stretching back more than a year regarding her advocacy work against human rights abuses in China — historically, a major sponsor and booster of the pageant.” Judkis writes that Lin was supposed to represent Canada during the 2015 pageant, but “Chinese authorities denied her a visa because of her political activity and support of Falun Gong, the Buddhist-inflected spiritual movement that has been banned by the government since 1999.”
It is no surprise that the Chinese government is trying to silence those who are willing to criticize the corruption that takes place behind closed doors. However, it is much more distressing that pageant organizers are willing to bow down to China and prevent Lin from expressing her opinion on the current state of affairs in the country. Especially as someone who has dealt with the negativity of China directly, she should be championed for standing up to the country — not silenced by the idiots on the left who are afraid of causing offense.
This kind of behavior is dangerous and extremely hypocritical. Members of the Regressive Left talk incessantly about giving voices to minorities and “oppressed peoples,” but when a minority decides to speak out against a value that they hold near and dear to their heart — like communism — they do everything in their power to shut them up.
It goes to show that they only want to support minorities whenever they can exploit them. The second a black, Asian or Hispanic comes out in support of conservative or libertarian ideals, they throw around terms like “internalized racism” in order to pass their opinions off as unintelligible and bigoted. It is completely ridiculous and should not stand.
Yet, this mindset continues to become more and more common. What has happened to Anastasia Lin is not unheard of — not in the slightest — but that doesn’t mean that we have to sit around and let it happen. It’s time to join the culture war, folks. It’s time to put an end to this before it is too late.
Update: Miss Lin was eventually allowed to speak with reporters after several weeks of tension. She did not lay blame on the pageant organization, and instead acknowledged them for allowing her to come forward. Her primary focus is to bring much needed attention to the persecution of Falun Gong, as well as other human rights abuses in her native country of China. | <urn:uuid:744e7f8a-6e2b-464d-a3e7-76daa744b6f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://naturalnews.com/2017-01-27-u-s-beauty-queen-censored-over-comments-critical-of-communist-china.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.975304 | 606 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Tax Lien Lawyers in Ridgeland
A "lien" in Ridgeland, Mississippi is a property right that a person or entity has in property owned by someone else, created by law, for the purpose of enforcing a debt. A lien gives its holder many rights in the property of another person, including the right to seize the proceeds of a sale of the property, and, if the debtor files for bankruptcy, the right to go to the front of the line among other creditors, making it more likely that the lien holder will collect something.
A "tax lien" is simply a lien placed on a piece of property by the state or local government, to secure the payment of back taxes. A tax lien in Ridgeland, Mississippi can arise to secure the payment of any federal or state tax, including income tax, estate tax, or gift tax.
Of course, a tax lien in Ridgeland, Mississippi isn't worth much more than the paper it's printed on if the debtor doesn't own any property of value, on which a lien could be placed. However, a tax lien applies to property that the taxpayer obtains even after the lien is created. Evidently, this makes it quite a bit easier for the government to collect its taxes.
Tax Lien Procedure in Ridgeland, Mississippi
The actual process of setting up a Ridgeland, Mississippi tax lien is normally pretty simple. The agency responsible for collecting taxes must first determine that a tax lien is warranted, normally by finding that the debtor owes a significant amount of back taxes.
Then, the IRS, or state tax authorities, send a "notice and demand," informing the taxpayer that they owe back taxes, and that they are required to pay their taxes within 10 days.
If the back taxes are not paid before the deadline is up, the lien will normally take effect immediately, with no further action by the IRS or Mississippi tax agency, giving them all the rights in your property that the law authorizes.
However, in Ridgeland, Mississippi, and anywhere else in America, a tax lien only lasts for 10 years, and then it automatically expires. If the IRS fails to exercise the substantial rights that it has under a tax lien within that period of time, it is assumed that they never intend to do so, and the lien will cease to exist. This ensures that valuable property is only kept out of the economy for a certain period of time.
How Can a Ridgeland, Mississippi Tax Lien Lawyer Help?
If you are notified by the government that you owe back taxes in Mississippi, and that they are going to pursue a tax lien to collect their money, things can get very convoluted, extremely quickly.
Accordingly, if you think that any piece of property you own might become subject to a tax lien in Ridgeland, Mississippi, you should not hesitate to seek the advice of a qualified tax attorney immediately. | <urn:uuid:adf868b4-6199-497e-9648-41e7c5e95d52> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://taxattorneys.legalmatch.com/MS/Ridgeland/tax-lien-lawyers.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.946464 | 614 | 1.710938 | 2 |
The movie, Noah, was set to be released in theaters at the beginning of April and detailed the life of Noah, the man that God entrusted to protect and save all of the animals of Earth as the great flood went through to wipe away all of the evil from the planet. The movie, which starred Russell Crowe as Noah and Emma Watson as Ila, focused on the journey of Noah and the visions he had before constructing his massive ark. It was once he had a second vision that he learned he was to construct a massive ark, which would shelter all of the animals during the flood. The movie spends quite some time documenting his construction of the ark and the eventual process of bringing all the animals onto the ark
As stated above, the movie was set to be released in April for residents of England, but a certain group of people had to wait a little bit longer to see it after something rather amazing happened. The official reasoning for cancelling the movie? The movie theater had to close down and be evacuated due to a flood. Yup. You read that right. The movie, Noah, had to be postponed because of a flood in a movie theatre. I mean, really, what are the odds of that?
This particular flooding happened at Vue Exeter in Exeter, England and was actually caused by the ice machine! Fortunately the flooding and water went away and the theater eventually reopened, but not before damage was done and showings were cancelled
The theater went on to make a statement saying, “We can confirm that there was flooding at Vue Exeter on Friday, April 4th due to a fault with an ice machine. We are currently open for business as usual and are working with engineers to get this issue resolved as quickly as possible.”
In the end, the theater was able to reopen and show the initial screening of Noah on the same date as promised, it just happened to be a little bit later in the day than most people were expecting. The lesson to be learned from all this? I guess when you choose to make a movie about a man who’s famous for building an ark to survive a flood and save all the animals, you might want to expect some flooding that could potentially ruin your showings.
At the young age of nineteen, Reggie Shaw killed two men in Utah when he was texting while driving. He stated that he would text all of the time while he drove, in fact almost every time he got behind the wheel. He, as many other people, thought that it was okay to do so and that it would hurt no one. He found out differently that day, for sure!
Shaw had to go to jail for thirty days and then had community service to do after that. So, what is the irony in this story? Well, after being punished for texting while driving, Shaw spoke to the lawmakers in Utah to push for them to pass a much tougher law against texting and driving, which has become one of the toughest laws in the country! Shaw explained that he realized that texting while driving was a very serious problem, a very dangerous thing to do while behind the wheel of a vehicle. His hope was that the law would help prevent other families from losing their loved ones. His goal if for other people not to have to go through what he put the families of the men he killed through.
With the law now in place in Utah, anyone caught texting while driving will face up to fifteen years in prison. The thought is that those who cause fatalities from texting while driving should be punished as severely as someone who is driving under the influence of alcohol. In other words, it will no longer be seen as an accident, like in a case where a driver nods off at the wheel, but will be seen as the driver being reckless instead.
Personally, I am glad to see the law changed. Of course, I prefer traveling using partybuslimotampabay.com anyways, so I can text while riding and not worry about causing an accident.
A man from Sri Lanka was buried alive recently in an attempt to try and set the record for the longest amount of time spent buried alive. He died in his attempt. Ironic, right?
Janaka Basnayake, a 24 year old Sri Lankan man, had family and friends help to bury him in a trench that was sealed over with wood and dirt in Sri Lanka’s capital, Colombo. Local papers recorded that the trench was close to ten feet deep.
Around 9:30 that morning, Basnayake was buried. At close to four that evening, he was brought back up to the surface. He was not conscious, so he was taken to the hospital. He was pronounced dead upon arrival.
The doctors at the hospital did a post mortem autopsy and could not determine at the time what the cause of death was. They had plans for further investigations on what exactly killed him.
The victim’s mother stated that her son had always enjoyed doing things that were seen as unusual ever since his childhood. He had watched many movies that encouraged that behavior.
It seems that Basnayake had been buried alive two times before for less amounts of time. The first time was for two and a half hours. The second time was for six hours. It is currently unknown what the world record is officially for the longest time someone has been buried alive.
Could you imagine dying in such a tragic way? Trying to win the world record in something that actually ends up killing you? Did they not have some sort of way to tell if he wasn’t breathing under the ground? I know I sure would if I were going for that kind of record! At lease he died doing something that he loved, though, right? This story is very ironic!
Niagara Falls is well known for the beauty it provides and for the massive amounts of water that go over it each year. Not many people would ever brave going over the falls, especially not in a barrel! Want to hear something ironic?
Bobby Leach, from Cornwall, in the United Kingdom, did just that though. He was actually the second person to ever go over the falls in a barrel, but the first man to do so. The first person to attempt it was Annie Taylor in July 1911. After Leach went over the falls in the barrel, he had to spend around six months in the hospital in order to recover from the injuries he got while going over the falls. The injuries included a fractured jaw and two broken knee caps.
Before Bobby Leach took on Niagara Falls, he was a performer with the Barnum and Bailey Circus, so he was used to being around and participating in numerous stunts. Just before he took on the falls, he was the owner of a restaurant not too far away on Bridge Street where he was often heard boasting that if Annie could do something, that he could do it better.
Leach was able to achieve some success from his stunt going over the falls, though, unlike Annie was. For many years after, he went on tour through the United States, England, and Canada, telling of his journey over the falls, showing the barrel he used, and posing for pictures
In 1920, Leach went back to New York to Niagara Falls and operated a pool hall. In 1926, Leach went to New Zealand on a publicity tour and hurt himself when he slipped on an orange peel. Soon after, his leg became infected. It eventually became gangrene and his leg had to be amputated. Two months later, Bobby Leach died from complications from the procedure.
Point of the story? It is often the small things that take you down.
A local jail in Fulton County, Georgia, is running a contest for inmates that encourages them to pick the locks on their jail cells.
If an inmate is able to break free by picking the lock to their cell, they will be given food and hygiene items for free from the commissary, items that are used as a form of currency inside the prison.
The point of the contest is to try out new locks that were installed at the prison to see if they will keep the inmates in. They plan to put the worst offenders in the cells and let them go to it to see if they can get out.
The Fulton County jail has had problems with their locks on a regular basis ever since the building was opened over twenty three years ago. The inmates have easily been able to pop open the internal door locks and to get to the common areas or reach other prisoners inside their cells. This put both inmates and staff in danger. The general public was never in danger, though, since there are many other obstacles in the prisoner’s way to get out of the jail itself.
Though the contest is quite unconventional, it seems to be a good one. Why not use inmates to try to pick the locks the same way the FBI and local bankers use bank robbers to help make the banks better? It’s the same idea.
Several years ago, the company that was responsible for making locks for the prison went out of business. The parts needed for the locks are no longer available because of that. The Sheriff has asked for around six million dollars to replace the locks that are not working well, and is waiting for a decision on that to be made by the Fulton County Commission. While they wait, though, some new locks that were designed specifically for the Fulton jail have been put in one zone on nine doors and will be tested by the inmates.
There have been quite a few companies that have put in bids to replace the locks on the jail cells, but a company out of Alabama has the bid right now. Their locks are the ones the inmates will be testing. Hopefully, the test will allow the jail to determine what needs to be changed to help keep everyone safe.
Have you heard about the two customers that were banned from an all you can eat buffet in England because they ate too much? Quite ironic, right?
Well, 25 year old Andy Miles and 26 year old George Dalmon were both given the boot from a restaurant called Gobi, a Mongolian Barbecue place in Brighton, after, according to the British press, the manager called the two a couple of pigs.
The two customers were regulars at Gobi. Each time they went, they were said to have scarfed down about five bowls of stir fry each. The manager stated that all they do is come in and pig out each time. The Gobi management put up with the two men for a little over two years, but finally came to the breaking point.
The manager also noted that, in that two year time period, the duo had never tipped or purchased any items other than the buffet and water. He defended his actions in banning the two men by saying that the business is not a charity, but is there to make money. The manager further stated that, since it is his restaurant, he can tell anyone he wants to not to come back again.
Even now, the Gobi website is still advertising the deal they have with the buffet. They pull customers in with their promise of having the best meats, seafood, and fresh vegetables, all stir fried for the customer, as many times as they may want. The cost of the buffet at Gobi’s is around twelve pounds, which comes to about twenty dollars each.
The two men, Dalmon and Miles, have defended their actions at Gobi and believe that they should not be able to keep them away. They assure readers that they only have small bowls at the restaurant, so going back for more is only expected. | <urn:uuid:0d0fdbad-e5b7-4d59-8f53-7c2dca65802a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://codeirony.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.989378 | 2,389 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Great tips for live performance. When a talented musician gives you good advice about music it can instantly transform your playing. We’ve heard many great tips from our artists over the past year. They range from practical applications to conceptual approaches. Each artist generously offered great insights into what it takes to perform at a high level.
Philadelphia-based keyboardist Dan Rousehas worked with Jennifer Hudson, Patti Labelle, Hoodie Allen and was musical director for the Village People. Dan is a leader in the Philadelphia music scene, coordinating gigs and jam sessions in different venues around the city. He gives back by mentoring younger musicians, teaching them valuable skills to help them establish themselves.
In the podcast below, Dan talks about how he got started and the importance of the jam session. He discusses how he began first by observing, then finally sitting in and getting noticed by an older established musician.
“No one can hire you if they don’t know that you exist.”
Neil Tankersley is music director, keyboardist, singer, and songwriter from Gainesville, Georgia. He was born into a family with a rich musical heritage and began playing piano and singing at an early age. In 2002, North Point Community Church in Atlanta became a home base for Neil where he played an important role as a vocalist, keyboard player and percussionist for over 12 years. Currently Neil plays with award-winning country artist Luke Combs. Neil discusses his role in the band in this excerpt from Behind the Synth.
“I want to know what everyone else is playing so I know where to be.”
Jazz pianist and organist Larry Goldingsis one of the most sought-after musicians on the scene today. His organ trio with Peter Bernstein and Bill Stewart was recognized in the New York Times as "the best organ trio of the last decade." Goldings' musical inspirations draw from a lifetime of absorbing jazz, pop, funk, R&B, electronic and classical music. He’s performed with Jim Hall, Maceo Parker, John Scofield, Steve Gadd, Jack DeJohnette, Pat Metheny, Michael Brecker, Sia Furler, John Mayer and since 2001 has recorded and toured with James Taylor. Larry is a rare talent in that plays piano and organ equally well. In the video below (starting at 17:25) Larry discusses his approach to organ and piano, offering insights on articulation and how he deals with the differences between instruments.
“I’m somewhat of a percussive player on the piano, or at least I can be, because I like Monk and Duke and people coming out of that…I find that pianists who go to organ sometimes are too legato on the organ, and that can sap the time feel if your touch is too legato.”
Nick Semrad has performed and collaborated with such artists as Cory Henry and the Funk Apostles, Miss Lauryn Hill, Donny McCaslin, Bootsy Collins, Louis Cole (Knower), Bilal, Gabriel Garzon-Montano, Meg Mac, Terrace Martin and many others. Nick’s “Artist Notes” series here on YamahaSynth.com shares thoughts about musicianship. Each article contains valuable ideas to help keyboardists play, think and feel better.
Matt Johnson is a seasoned keyboardist who came up in the vibrant London soul scene. He’s performed with Duffy, Newton Faulkner, Will Young, Nolween Leroy and many others. In 2010 he became the keyboardist for Jamiroquai.
Matt discusses the importance of sound, the goal of becoming an authentic and unique musician and the value of paying attention to all the aspects of music in the special edition of Behind the Synth hosted by Nick Semrad.
Matt offers this advice:
“Pay more attention to sounds and parts and melodies rather than learning all the licks. There’s just so many great players that can do all that stuff, and it’s lovely to be able to do that, I just think spending time trying to find you own unique slant on how to play the keyboards is a great thing.”
Luke Smith with Nick Semrad
UK-based keyboardist Luke Smithstarted his musical journey in the church playing drums at age 9 before switching to keyboards at age 11. His cousins introduced him to reggae, soul and jazz guiding Luke’s development into one of the UK’s most renowned session musicians. In 2006 he became the keyboardist for international superstar George Michaels.
Nick and Luke had an engaging discussion about important aspects of being a keyboardist apart from playing in this special edition of Behind the Synth.
“You have the sonic end of it (playing keyboards), like getting all the sounds I have met a lot of musicians that practice all the playing things, and they don’t think about that kind of stuff.”
Questions or comments? Join the conversation on the Forum here.
Yamaha Synthesizer Product Specialist Blake Angelos has over thirty years of experience with music hardware and software. An expert in music technology, Blake has conducted numerous clinics, master classes and presentations throughout the United States, Europe and Canada. In his role as Product Specialist for the Synthesizer Department Blake appears in many product videos and artist interviews, writes many articles for YamahaSynth.com and co-hosts a regular Podcast called “Behind the Synth”.
Before his work with Yamaha, he taught music theory and jazz studies courses at Arizona State University; managed a technology-focused music store in Seattle and was a production supervisor at Microsoft, where he led a team that developed groundbreaking interactive music content for the Microsoft Network. Blake holds a Bachelor of Music degree from the University of Northern Colorado and a Master of Music degree from Arizona State University. Blake currently resides in Bellingham, Washington with his family, and between his travels around the world for Yamaha, he performs as much as possible with several jazz and creative music groups in Bellingham, Seattle and other places in the Pacific Northwest. | <urn:uuid:997b3330-c60b-44c7-bf14-b24efd3b5534> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.yamahasynth.com/learn/live-performance/level-up-your-gigs-artist-pro-tips | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.965783 | 1,263 | 1.5 | 2 |
Jupiter in 9th House
The 9th house in astrology rules over higher education, religion, law, exploration, long distance travel of the mind and body. Not only those things, but also philosophy fits appropriately here for it asks the big questions and much of the nature of philosophizing pertains to questions about God. It is where we go searching, looking for the answers for the reasons as to why we are here, speculating on the meaning of life, and wondering if there is a greater purpose to existence.
We all seek meaning in our lives, expansion of awareness, and this house abstracts the individual from the mundane world into one’s deeper relationship with the cosmos. It is about placing human beings into a larger context, realizing that we belong to a wider world. Usually journeys are started after bitter disappointments, loss and despair. Sometimes something lights up in the sky, and human life need not be meaningless.
The 9th house is like tuning into the Discovery channel for its geographical nature and broad topics ruling the place of intellectual inquiry. The diversity of life is shown here and all cultures have many different foods, different ideas, literature, fresh perspectives, and more enlightened ways of living, their own set of morals and beliefs.
Jupiter governs the doors to our perceptions and takes us to high, wide and far places around the globe, mentally, spiritually or physically. Churches, atlases, travel guides, and maps of continents anything that takes us further out are all ruled by Jupiter. If we don’t find the knowledge and wisdom from our own place of birth we venture out looking for answers that are more in line with our inner truth.
We all have an inner-sage within and this is reflected in our ability to look further, to look at the sky in wonder, and realize that we are all under the same roof. Jupiter, 9th house and Sagittarius people have the ability to find value in other peoples beliefs, incorporating it into their own. In turn, this enlarges the scope and - if we are only conditioned from one perspective our world does become infinitely smaller.
Many Jupiter people can become influenced by all diverse parts around the world through expanding their horizons and it is reflected in their clothing, style, the books they read, and their religion. Jupiter, 9th house and Sagittarius people are the most colourful of the zodiac, connecting universal ideas, using their intuitive sense, and the natural insights.
The 9th house moves beyond the need for the 3rd house/Gemini need for labels or categorizations understanding that there is more meaning and placing things in a universal context. Liz Greene calls this ability to see things in a larger framework as perceiving something instantaneously, without analysis and what depth psychology calls the peak experience, and these always possess a mystical or spiritual element, filled with visions, heavenly journeys, and the sense of something larger at work.
The enjoyment of a magnificent sense of awe and wonder like standing on a large mountain top and suddenly connecting ourselves with a something more, and also standing on the threshold of a journey. In the 9th house, it is restless and is always aiming its arrow towards its destination. Moreover, it is house we question if there is something more to our earthly existence, and it’s where we set off on the path of the pursuit towards a deeper understanding of life.
However, as is the case with every journey it is about the back roads, the stumbles and the hurdles along the path that teaches us the experience of life, and the excitement of not knowing what is around the corner. We discover our answers almost accidentally as we move towards our target.
The 9th house is where we embark on the quest, journey, and pursuit for answers. It is important to know that our life can be good, possess value, and there can be happiness and that we can engage with life in a positive way. Many Jupiterians are eternal travellers, never satisfied, always searching for something more.
In myth, Zeus’ name was interpreted as Shining Sky and represents the illumination of spiritual truths, holy men and their sky journeys. Many Jupiter people are teachers, philosophers, publishers, the kind of people that increase our consciousness, illuminate our minds, involving the highly educative experience.
Jupiter/Zeus is represented by the eagle the strongest bird with amazing sight able to soar to the greatest heights. The Jupiter experience comprises the fight against evil, chaos, and the ability to use our moral judgement. It is also fighting against a feeling that one’s life is hollow, narrow, devoid of purpose.
Jupiter was the King of the Olympians the great protector and the believer of life’s endless opportunities. Also one’s faith in knowing that there is a greater purpose at work and the ability to move beyond the boundaries of the mundane world. Moreover there is also the belief that whatever happens in life is meant to be. The Jupiter type can find meaning in all kinds of events; everything is part of a purposeful pattern.
Sagittarius sometimes has problems explaining what is intuited through the use of rational language, it can be difficult when one is guided more by perception and insight, and some Jupiter people think they are chosen vessels here to spread the word of God. It can be the house of preaching rather than teaching, convincing and highly judgemental. Liz Greene’s tells us in the Astrology of Fate that Sagittarius’ fanaticism is generally closely linked with deep inner doubts. This is why people are so over the top as if trying to convince themselves of the truth at the same time.
We also have to be careful because sometimes the Jupiterian opinions can turn in my belief, my view, and my philosophy and then expressed judgment towards any other view, and this can come across as narrow minded, rather than their normally broad take on life. The Jupiter person sometimes comes armed with lightning bolts for those that defy Zeus powers of supremacy.
The great sense of largeness inherent in the Jupiterian personality of the less evolved type can reveal other, usually unlikable qualities such as showing off, bluntness, not always intended, more foot in mouth, but often blurting things out without forethought, but its arrows directed or misdirected can wound. These individuals may be incapable of setting limits, and possess certain conceitedness, hypocrisy and the grandiose self. The making of promises that they cannot keep, again, not always on purpose, the sign just thinks big.
Jupiter, 9th house and Sagittarius also rules prophecy most probably born from the individuals ability to know and understand something, intuiting visions of the future. Jupiter is also usually more benevolent, generous and good humoured, bestowing great gifts upon us, especially where Jupiter is positioned in the horoscope.
The 9th house can be a journey of wonder, fun, laughter; and it can be one big adventure. When one journey ends, we simply begin another, everything in life is said to have a beginning, middle and an end. It also rules our sense of justice and feeling of goodness in the world, governing our morals, ethics, and beliefs. It is the place where we put our faith into life, and where we perceive the deeper patterns at work. Everything becomes more significant in the 9th house and is all part of the greater whole.
Jupiter in the 9th House
You are always hungry for knowledge and wisdom. You have a naturally philosophical nature, and you enjoy sharing your opinions and knowledge with others. You can be a natural teacher, and you love the learning process. You very strongly value freedom of movement and expression. You can easily be inspirational, and find success in travel, education, teaching, sports, publishing, and foreign cultures. | <urn:uuid:e7f56b9e-af4b-4265-b7a2-b60a13da47f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://astrologyk.com/zodiac/houses/9/jupiter | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.953195 | 1,597 | 1.648438 | 2 |
2020 has turned out to be a disappointment for most people. It turned out nothing to be like what everyone planned, the year simply took away a lot of things that people held close to their hearts. From COVID-19, earthquakes, locust attacks, the end of the decade has been tough on us. And to add to all the news, doomsday theories are going viral as if it were a housefly. People have various reasons to believe the Earth will soon evaporate away on June 21, others think these terrible things are the beginning of the end of the world, all leading up to doomsday. All said and done, life must go on and we have to be our own motivational speakers. Think positive and your actions shall speak it for yourselves and others. Don't let a slight moment of despair take away your courage or question your abilities. Here, we bring to you a set of beautiful thoughts that will help you beat 'End of the World' news blues and look toward a better future. Never Give Up! Positive Thoughts and Quotes to Overcome Depression and Remember That Life is Beautiful!
When things are going haywire, it is easy to blame the situation and sit down and whine over it, but what takes effort is to get through it. Think about energy inside of you which can be transferred into something beautiful at the end of this tiring journey. Think of the sea of opportunities that have the potential to come you may, imagine about the number of lives you can impact and about all the goodness in your which can birth positive energy. The times may look tough, but don't be tough on yourselves, you shall emerge victorious, soon! Positive Quotes on Happiness With HD Images & Good Morning Messages to Send Amid Coronavirus Pandemic.
Quote Reads: “When You Have a Dream, You Have Got to Grab It and Never Let Go.” ― Carol Burnett
Quote Reads: “Instead of Worrying About What You Cannot Control, Shift Your Energy to What You Can Create.” ― Roy T. Bennett, the Light in the Heart
Quote Reads: “I Can’t Change the Direction of the Wind, but I Can Adjust My Sails To Always Reach My Destination.” ― Jimmy Dean
Quote Reads: “No matter what you are going through, there's a light at the end of the tunnel.” — Demi Lovato
Quote Reads: “Positive Thinking Is More Than Just a Tagline. It Changes the Way We Behave. And I Firmly Believe That When I Am Positive, It Not Only Makes Me Better, but It Also Makes Those Around Me Better.” — Harvey Mackay
We hope these beautiful words of encouragement stir up your spirits for a better future. These motivational sayings have an amazing ability to change the way we feel about life. Light up the fire in you and aim for new goals in this season.
(The above story first appeared on LatestLY on Jun 16, 2020 09:38 PM IST. For more news and updates on politics, world, sports, entertainment and lifestyle, log on to our website latestly.com). | <urn:uuid:bdff7636-afe2-4681-a2b4-6d7fd08573f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.latestly.com/social-viral/scared-of-doomsday-positive-quotes-and-motivational-sayings-to-beat-end-of-the-world-news-blues-and-look-toward-better-future-1826676.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.936707 | 653 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Attention, savers: Ben Bernanke owes you $100 billion.
That’s how much interest income Americans have foregone in the two years since the Federal Reserve slashed short-term interest rates to zero, according to one reading of the national personal income accounts.
As it happens, the inspiration for that analysis comes from a Fed economist, Kevin Kliesen of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. He tots up the pros and cons of the Fed’s embrace of low rates in the latest edition of the St. Louis Fed’s Regional Economist column.
Those are worth considering once again because the Federal Open Market Committee is expected to vote Wednesday to take yet another step to hold down interest rates, in the form of a plan to buy Treasury securities its second round of quantitative easing, dubbed QE2. Among the leading proponents of QE2 has been James Bullard, Kliesen’s boss
There is considerable disagreement, even within the Fed, over whether QE2 is even remotely likely to succeed. But with unemployment near 10%, inflation falling and politicians long having abdicated any responsibility for actually addressing our national problems, it is clear that Ben Bernanke & Co. feel they must step into the breach.
Low rates are good, Kliesen writes, because they push up demand for goods and services, help restore the banks to good health and generally raise asset prices. But they aren’t helpful, he concedes, savers or for investors who consider themselves risk-averse but ill advisedly succumb to the temptation to reach for yield.
“Low interest rates provide a powerful incentive to spend rather than save,” he writes. “In the short-term, this may not matter much, but over a longer period of time, low interest rates penalize savers and those who rely heavily on interest income.”
This, then, is where we calculate Bernanke’s bill. Kliesen notes that data compiled by the Commerce Department (see chart, right) show that personal interest income has dropped sharply since its mid-2008 peak.
The decline runs as large as $170 billion by one measure, but it hardly seems fair to hold Bernanke responsible for the whole shebang. After all, the economy was under bubbly influences through the middle of the decade, so income of all sorts was bound to decline even without his assistance.
What’s more, the fed funds rate was still 2% when Lehman Brothers collapsed. It wasn’t till Dec. 16, 2008, that the Fed cut the overnight bank lending target to a range of zero to 0.25%, where it is now and where it seems likely to stay for many moons.
So that’s when the Bernanke meter will start rolling. A look at the personal income data shows that at the start of December 2008, interest income was flowing to Americans at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of $1.28 trillion.
By this past September, that flow had slowed in four straight months to an annual rate of $1.17 trillion – putting it on par with levels seen in late 2006. That’s around $110 billion below the rate that prevailed when the Fed cut rates to zero.
But since the Fed didn’t actually cut the fed funds rate till halfway through December and personal interest income was falling at a monthly rate of about $20 billion at that stage, it seems only fair to knock around $10 billion off the difference. That brings the Bernanke penalty to $100 billion.
This is not meant as an indictment of Bernanke, by the way. Anyone with half a brain will admit that the Fed had to do something in 2008 to keep the economy from going into free fall, just as it feels compelled to do something now lest we give in to the total gridlock promised by Tuesday’s electoral results.
Yes, taking money from savers and giving it to the banks fairly reeks. But three years after the collapse of the credit bubble, what is the alternative? Raising rates, at a time when one in six are underemployed? Good luck with that.
Now, as the sobering reality of a slow-growing, debt-addled economy starts to sink in, the blame game is only going to get more popular. If unemployment fails to come down soon, squeezing the savers is, let’s face it, probably the least of Ben Bernanke’s worries. | <urn:uuid:553cdb5c-e322-4a21-b7ca-3066ad7fa03e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fortune.com/2010/11/03/fed-siphons-100-billion-from-savers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.953588 | 930 | 1.570313 | 2 |
| Cats and Lemongrass |
Answered by: Kerry Hackett
Question from: Max
Posted on: August 06, 2006
My cat eats lemongrass...is that safe?
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) has traditionally been used by humans as a tea to relieve digestive problems, as a flavouring in cooking and has been cultivated for its oil. Unfortunately, the oil would be my biggest concern as the cat does not metabolise a number of chemicals including volatile oils in the same way a human does, in fact many chemicals can be toxic. You may want to err on the side of caution and not allow your cat to eat lemongrass in future. | <urn:uuid:6eca37ac-ce14-4beb-9173-323b7e526c30> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.richters.com/show.cgi?page=QandA/Animals/20060806-5.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.977509 | 160 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Radio Five DJs Goodluck Kissanga (right) and Haazu Hamis Abtway (left) interviewing students at Maji Ya Chai Secondary School.
The laughter of students is contagious at a recording of Positive Mood hosted by Radio Five DJs Goodluck Kissanga and Haazu Hamis Abtway.
The DJs visit schools across northern Tanzania to record the program in classrooms, allowing the voices of students to be heard on the air and creating a safe and fun space to talk about mental health. The Positive Mood radio program is the first of its kind in Tanzania, a country where mental illness is not well understood.
Goodluck has been working on the show since it started last December. He says the program has taught everyone involved more about mental health, including himself.
“I learned many things . . . The students, they gain, because before [the programs started] they didn’t know about mental health or mental illness. But at this time, if you go to a school and ask them a question about mental health, they can respond to you that mental health is this, this, this and mental illness is this, this, and this.”
Goodluck says the students ask him many different questions in-person and on the air, and he is able to connect them with mental health experts to give them advice. He recalls one student’s question in particular, who was worried his brother might have a mental illness.
“His brother had a problem, that’s why he came to me, asking me ‘Goodluck, what can I do in order to help my brother, because he is not in a normal condition, and I think maybe he as a mental illness. So I asked him to go to a specialist of mental health so that they can help him to solve them problem. I think there was a positive solution, because at this time his brother started to get care. The specialist helped him, so that day-to-day he became more healthy than before.”
Through the project, 30 schools in northern Tanzania have been reached — each with its own listening club. Though there are many more listeners across the country who call in and use Farm Radio’s beep2vote technology to answer weekly polls.
Goodluck says the entertaining five minute weekly drama Bahati and the participatory nature of the show keep young people tuning in.
“The drama is very good. Also, in our program we let [the students] show their talent. Either singing, the comedians, and so on. But all in all, the program is very, very good. When we go to the schools and we meet with different students, they all have different ideas. When we’re discussing program topics, everyone shares his or her idea. After that, all of them — everyone — acts like him or herself.”
Goodluck hopes to continue educating and connecting with youth about mental health through the program.
“It’s helped the listeners. You know, as a Tanzanian, I know most of them, they don’t know about mental health. But, due to this program, they start to [ask] what is mental health, and how can I help people who have with a mental illness?” | <urn:uuid:cf3fc7d8-c3f0-4765-986b-dfe0b2a2eebe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://farmradio.org/audio-postcard-positive-mood-creating-a-safe-space-to-talk-about-mental-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.980575 | 680 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Syrians Take Drastic Measures To Hide Antiquities Amid ISIS Takeover
AUDIE CORNISH, HOST:
In Syria, ISIS fighters have targeted the country's antiquities. They've defaced monuments they consider offensive. They've looted precious items and sold them on the black market. Maeva Bambuck of the Associated Press has reported on a massive effort in Syria to evacuate museums and hide some 300,000 artifacts. She told us that 2,500 archaeologists and other specialists worked with the Syrian government to pull off the project under threat from ISIS all the while. I asked her to describe what was at stake.
MAEVA BAMBUCK: From Deir ez-Zor province, the main items that were brought back were about 16,000 clay tablets that used to be used as letters, really. They mention trade. They mentioned business deals. They are almost 4,000 years old.
CORNISH: The people involved in this mission essentially risk being targeted by ISIS. Tell us about one of the participants that you got to know and sort of, like, what motivated them to do this despite the danger.
BAMBUCK: Those archaeologist who wanted to rescue those items - they grew up with a love of that heritage. So people like Yaroob al-Abdullah, which - who's the first person that I met, I found him quite impressive because he's a very normal guy.
He works in the National Museum today, but he was one of the first guys who flew items back to safety of on a military plane. He took with him 13,000 items. And he grew up in a little village which is near the river where they found a lot of antiquities, a lot of items from previous civilizations. So I think that's what inspired them to dedicate so much and to sacrifice so much.
CORNISH: What are the risks that people are up against when they participate in this effort, right? They're also trying to protect their own families. They're also trying to stay safe. What are the different dangers they face in doing this?
BAMBUCK: It depends. The war has been going on for some time. And the urgency with which they started hiding away those artifacts - it changed when they found out that the Islamic State was actually looting and destroying items. So a lot of those people who work in the countryside for the antiquities department - they already took measures to protect themselves and their families. So the people I spoke to in Deir ez-Zor - they had already asked their families to leave the province.
CORNISH: What do people say to you about sort of what motivates them to do this?
BAMBUCK: Well, they all told me this is our duty. I think one thing to take away from this is that none of the people I spoke with for this story are profoundly politically motivated. They seem to be just passionate that their cultural heritage. All of them told me about the joy of finding an old relic in the ground or describe with love a favorite piece that was saved.
And I think they realize that it could all go away when we see what happened in Palmyra. Inside the museum, I think 20 statues were defaced. Of course, the Temple of Bel was completely destroyed. Thousands and thousands of years of history can go away in one bomb blast, in attack, and they all did all they could to make sure that didn't happen under their watch.
CORNISH: That's Maeva Bambuck of the Associated Press. She reported on a massive effort to save Syrian antiquities. Thank you for speaking with us.
BAMBUCK: Thank you.
NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record. | <urn:uuid:cfad876b-7bf4-4a70-a425-2236fb54213b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.npr.org/2016/03/31/472577684/syrians-take-drastic-measures-to-hide-antiquities-amid-isis-takeover | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.984675 | 815 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition, and the main features include airway hyper-responsiveness and inflammation of the airway with the accumulation of inflammatory cells. Increased level of plasma fibrinogen and serum amyloid A suggests the involvement of systemic inflammation in asthma. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein that produced mainly by hepatocytes and is an inflammatory marker. CRP levels monitoring is useful in the evaluation of early inflammation and efficacy of treatment in acute-phase illnesses. Several studies show that asthma alone can cause an increase in high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) when compared with the healthy controls. Besides that, steroid-naïve patients have a higher mean value of hs-CRP levels compared with those on inhaled corticosteroid. Furthermore, studies have shown that an elevated hs-CRP level has a positive correlation with non-atopic asthma but not atopic asthma. Additionally, an increase in serum hs-CRP levels correlates with the severity of asthma. Therefore, serum hs-CRP is a useful surrogate marker to predict the severity of inflammation of the bronchus in asthma and assess the asthma status.
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition where the main physiological features include reversible airflow narrowing and systemic inflammation.1 Airway hyper-responsiveness and inflammation of the airway with the accumulation of inflammatory cells are observed in mild and moderate asthma to severe asthma.2 Involvement of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, neutrophils, cytokines, and T-lymphocytes in asthma induce systemic inflammation.3 Increased level of plasma fibrinogen and serum amyloid A suggests the involvement of systemic inflammation in asthma.4 Severe inflammation and exacerbation occur in asthma occur due to narrowing of the airway, airway oedema, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, and hypersecretion which result from the remodeling process.2 Several studies have shown that the inflammatory process in asthma correlates with severity of disease and deterioration of pulmonary function.2, 5-8
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein that is produced mainly by hepatocytes and is an inflammatory marker.9 IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α are important cytokines that stimulate the activation of CRP.7 IL-6 is involved in phosphorylation of the transcription factor through gene activation and thus promotes the synthesis of CRP.10, 11 Besides that, IL-1β stimulates the transcriptional events in the presence of IL-6 which then activates CRP.12 IL-6 has growth-regulator factors which are involved in activation, growth, and differentiation of T-cells.7 Moreover, activation of CRP can stimulate the vascular smooth muscle cells to secrete more TNF-α.13 CRP is involved in complement activation and activation of phagocytic cells to eliminate bacteria and damaged cells.7 Increased CRP levels may indicate several conditions such as infection, cancer, and autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, and myocardial infarction.9 CRP levels monitoring is useful in the evaluation of early inflammation and efficacy of treatment in acute-phase illnesses.14 High-sensitivity assays for CRP (hs-CRP) which measures the very low amount of CRP in the blood (below 0.2 mg/L) has been used to evaluate the systemic inflammation and prognostic marker for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases.2 A population-based study by Kony et al.15 suggested that increased CRP levels are associated with higher frequency of bronchial hyper-responsiveness and respiratory impairment due to systemic inflammation. Therefore, hs-CRP could be used to detect systemic inflammation and the severity of asthma. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the association between hs-CRP levels and patients diagnosed with asthma.
A PubMed search was conducted using the MeSH terms “C-reactive protein” OR “systemic inflammation” AND “asthma” retrieving papers from January 2000–December 2020. Additional studies of interest were retrieved from the reference list of selected articles. The search yielded 214 original articles. The titles and abstracts of all studies were screened for their eligibility to be included in this review. A full-text manuscript was examined when the decision could not be made on the basis of the title and abstract solely. A total of 19 articles were deemed relevant and were included in this review.
C-REACTIVE PROTEIN IN PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS
Several studies have shown that serum levels of hs-CRP are increased compared with healthy controls (Table 1)5,16-20 Both systemic inflammation and airway inflammation may occur in asthma due to an increase in the concentration of acute-phase protein.21 A study by Jousilahti et al. showed that acute-phase proteins of systemic inflammation such as serum amyloid A and plasma fibrinogen were positively associated with asthma prevalence.22
Additionally, the study by Büyüköztürk et al. also showed that the level of acute-phase reactant serum amyloid A was significantly higher in patients diagnosed with asthma compared to healthy controls.21 Hs-CRP measurement may be used as an inflammatory marker to assess the severity of systemic inflammation asthma.5,16,17,19 CRPs can activate macrophages by binding with Fc receptors for antibodies, and act on monocytes and neutrophils by interacting with CRP receptors on their surface.19 Therefore, CRP can be a useful surrogate marker to assess subclinical, airway inflammation, and systemic inflammation in asthma.5,16,17,19
The study by Sävykoski et al.23 suggested that serum hs-CRP levels were higher in patients with mild and moderate asthma compared to the healthy controls.23 Besides that, the study by Wu et al.24 demonstrated that hs-CRP level gradually increased in asthma of various severity from mild, moderate to severe in children.24 A population-based study by Shaaban et al.25 demonstrated that increase serum CRP levels over time were associated with a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and pulmonary function.25 Furthermore, Kony et al.15 showed that increased serum hs-CRP was associated with lower FEV1.15 However, the study by Ramirez26 showed no significant correlation between hs-CRP and asthma with mild severity.26
However, several other factors may contribute to the elevation of serum hs-CRP levels other than asthma.17 For example, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and ageing may elevate the hs-CRP levels whereas smoking cessation may reduce the hs-CRP levels.17,19 Therefore, an increase in CRP level in patients with asthma may be caused by an underlying chronic inflammatory state of the patients or infections.17 Moreover, hs-CRP levels can be affected by the interval between the beginning of the asthma exacerbation and the sample collection for measurement.27 Hence, CRP is a sensitive but non-specific marker of inflammation.28 Nevertheless, an increase in hs-CRP level in children is primarily attributed to respiratory allergic diseases because the prevalence of these risk factors is very low in children.7 Besides that, serum level C3 is elevated in children with asthma, and the serum C3 level has a positive correlation with the severity of asthma.29
Despite these confounding factors, results from several studies suggest that asthma alone can cause elevated CRP levels.16,17,19 CRP levels are also increased in patients with undiagnosed asthma even with the absence of pulmonary events.17
C-REACTIVE PROTEIN IN STEROID-NAïVE ASTHMA AND INHALED-CORTICOSTEROID ASTHMA
Several studies demonstrated that steroid-naive patients have a higher mean value of hs-CRP compared to those on inhaled corticosteroid (Table 2).4,6,7,9,30-33 In a study by Takemura et al.,4 serum levels of hs-CRP in steroid-naïve patients correlated positively with numbers of sputum eosinophils and negatively with indices of pulmonary function. However, no significant correlation was found between serum hs-CRP levels, pulmonary function, or sputum indices in steroid-inhaling patients.4
In a study by Zietkowski et al.,7 serum hs-CRP levels in patients diagnosed with mild-to-moderate asthma treated with ICS was lower compared to steroid-naive mild asthma but there was no correlation with serum eosinophil cationic protein.7 However, the study by Allam et al.9 showed that serum hs-CRP level had a significant positive correlation with sputum eosinophil percentage.9 The contradictory results from different studies can occur due to non-compliance of medication, suboptimal doses of ICS, or development of asthma that resistant to steroids.9
Decreased CRP levels in patients treated with steroids can be due to the interaction between corticosteroids with IL-1β and IL-6 which reduce the production of ILs.17 Corticosteroids inhibit the synthesis of IL-6 is induced by cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α.17,34 The study by Hashino and Nakamura35 demonstrated that inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate improved the symptoms of asthma and hyper-responsiveness by inhibiting the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the airway tissue.35 In addition, Sin et al.36 showed that discontinuation of inhaled fluticasone increased the serum CRP level in mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.36 Therefore, based on the result of these studies, ICS should reduce the systemic inflammatory marker in asthma.31
Furthermore, a study by Kasayama et al.5 also suggested that prolonged ICSs treatment for 3 months reduces the plasma CRP levels significantly due to the clinical effect of corticosteroids on the inflammatory process of airway tissue.5 Deraz et al.6 showed that serum hs-CRP had a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 93% in assessment of different grades of asthma severity and control.6
The study by Kadakal et al.3 demonstrated that the hs-CRP decreased in post-treatment of corticosteroid in asthma compared to pre-treatment where the hs-CRP levels pre-treatment and post-treatment were 4.7 mg/L and 2.1 mg/L respectively.3 This study also showed that the hs-CRP levels had a negative correlation with FEV1 following corticosteroid treatment due to improved pulmonary function parameters and decreased hs-CRP levels.3 In addition, the study by Girdhar30 also showed that hs-CRP levels decreased after treatment in patients with asthma where the hs-CRP levels before and after treatment were 4.8±6.0 mg/dL and 2.4±5.4 mg/dL, respectively.30 Some studies did not show a significant decrease in hs-CRP level because of short duration and therapy, and inclusion of patients diagnosed with mild or moderate asthma where the inflammatory markers would be detected even at lower levels of inflammation.3 Qian et al.27 showed that hs-CRP is a sensitive marker only in cases of severe asthma.27 Patients with a BMI >25 kg/m2, especially females, have a higher risk of developing moderate to severe degrees of asthma.30 The study by Boulet and Franssen37 suggested that obese patients were less likely to achieve asthma control with ICS or ICS with a long-acting β-agonist compared to patients who were non-obese.37 All those factors may cause only slight reduction in hs-CRP levels after treatment.
C-REACTIVE PROTEIN IN ATOPIC AND NON-ATOPIC ASTHMA
The study by O’Lafsdottir et al.38 suggested that higher hs-CRP levels are associated with non-allergic asthma but not in allergic asthma.38 Besides that, hs-CRP levels were also affected by age, BMI, and smoking.38 The study by Sahoo et al.39 also showed that increase in hs-CRP levels was observed in non-atopic asthmatics but no association of increased hs-CRP in atopic asthmatics.39 The mean hs-CRP levels in atopic asthma and non-atopic asthma were 2.9±2.1 mg/L and 8.3±2.5 mg/L respectively, in the study.39 Furthermore, the study by Butland et al., also demonstrated that hs-CRP levels had a positive correlation with non-atopic asthma but not atopic asthma.4
Lack of correlation between hs-CRP and atopic asthma suggests that the mechanism underlying the bronchial hyperresponsiveness is different.38 The study by Lúdvíksdóttir et al. showed that atopic asthma was more hyper-responsive to adenosine 5′‐monophosphate (AMP) compared to non-atopic asthma.41 Another study by Lúdvíksdóttir et al., showed that atopic asthma had higher levels of exhaled nitrogen oxide compared to non-atopic asthma.42 Moreover, the study by Amin et al. showed that the number of eosinophils, T-lymphocytes (CD3-, CD4-, CD8-, CD–25-positive cells), IL-4, and IL-5 increased more significantly in atopic asthma compared to non-atopic asthma.43 Furthermore, atopic asthma has a higher degree of epithelial damage compared to non-atopic asthma.43 Negative correlation between hs-CRP levels and atopic asthma suggest that the systemic inflammatory process in atopic asthma is low.38
The study by Wood et al. demonstrated that asthmatic patients with neutrophilic airway inflammation had increased systemic inflammation.44 Therefore, CRP can be a systemic marker for patients with neutrophilic asthma.44 Moreover, the study by Ko et al., also reported that hs-CRP had a significant association with patients with asthma with high neutrophil and low eosinophils.36 The study also showed that hs-CRP levels were correlated with small airway obstruction in patients diagnosed with neutrophilic asthma.45 Inflammatory mediators results from inflammation or repair mechanisms may ‘spill-over’ into circulation which may lead to systemic inflammation.46 Fu et al showed that systemic inflammation in neutrophilic asthma had altered genes involved in IL-1, TNF-α/nuclear factor-κB, and Kit receptor pathways which were associated with immune response, inflammatory responses, and defense.47 Furthermore, Wood et al. showed that patients with neutrophilic asthma had increased receptors α for IL-8 (IL-8-RA) which are highly selective for neutrophil chemotaxis.44 Meanwhile, there were several studies suggested that there was no correlation between hs-CRP level with history of atopy, eosinophilia inflammation, and allergic sensitisation.4,31,44
C-REACTIVE PROTEIN IN PREDICTING ASTHMA CONTROL
Four studies showed that serum hs-CRP increases with the severity of asthma and the highest among patients with poorly controlled and exacerbating asthma (Table 3).18,26,48,49 However, studies by Ramirez et al. and Sigari et al. demonstrated no significant correlation between hs-CRP levels and clinical indices of asthma control.26,50 The studies by Fujita et al. and Al Obaidi et al. classified patients to stable asthma and exacerbating asthma, the study by Ramirez et al. classified the patients according to the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) control scores.51
The study by Sigari et al. classified the patients according to Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) control52 and the studies by Kilic et al. and Monadi et al. classified the patients according to Asthma Control Test (ACT).53
The management goals of patients diagnosed with include suppression of airway inflammation and the achievement of well-controlled asthma.54 ICS treatment was associated with decreased hs-CRP levels and therefore serum hs-CRP levels may be used to differentiate between poorly-controlled asthma and well-controlled asthma.2 However, the study by Ramirez et al. suggested that there was no correlation between hs-CRP level with wheeze, the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) control score, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and FEV1.26 The study by Khalili et al. also showed that the fractional exhaled nitric oxide level was not associated with asthma control based on Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ).55 Nevertheless, a study by Hancox et al. demonstrated that CRP level had a negative correlation with FEV1 and forced vital capacity.56 Moreover, two observational studies have shown that hs-CRP levels have a positive correlation with the severity of asthma.23,27 A study by Tonelli et al. also demonstrated that hs-CRP levels are significantly higher in patients with severe asthma compared to patients without any respiratory symptoms.57
Several studies showed that hs-CRP can be used as a surrogate marker for evaluation and monitoring of asthma, estimation of disease severity, and response to corticosteroid therapy.2,3,7,15 The synthesis rate of CRP reaches highest at around 48 hours and the CRP level decreases rapidly after the pathology ceases.50 Elevation levels of hs-CRP in well-controlled asthma compared to healthy controls suggest that the continuous eosinophilic inflammation.49 Several studies have shown that patients diagnosed with asthma are likely to have higher CRP concentrations compared to individuals who were diagnosed formerly with asthma or never had asthma.56,58 Moreover, two studies have shown that increase levels of hs-CRP are associated with respiratory symptoms of asthma such as wheeze, dyspnoea after effort, and nocturnal cough.15,38 Therefore, patients with asthma with exacerbation or that is poorly controlled may have elevated CRP concentration compared to patients with stable asthma or healthy control.50The study by Kony et al. showed that higher frequency of bronchial hyper-responsiveness was associated with higher CRP levels while FEV1 had a negative correlation with CRP.15 The study by Fujita et al., demonstrated the serum hs-CRP levels have a positive correlation with the degree of airway obstruction as measured by FEV1/FVC.48 Furthermore, the study by Al Obaidi et al. showed that patients diagnosed with asthma who had frequent bronchial hyper-responsiveness or reduced FEV1 tend to have both local inflammation in the bronchus and systemic inflammation.49 Therefore, increased CRP levels are associated with impairment of FEV1, decline of lung function, and high frequency of bronchial hyper-responsiveness.49
Several studies have shown that hs-CRP levels are correlated with asthma control.18,26,48,49 Therefore, hs-CRP levels can be used as an adjunct in assessment of asthma control in routine clinic follow-up since measurement is relatively simple and non-invasive.18 Moreover, hs-CRP can be a marker for systemic inflammation that reflects on the control of the patient’s symptoms and severity.18 Furthermore, hs-CRP level can also be used as a clinical indicator for dosage of ICSs and disease management.18 However, hs-CRP levels in some patients during asthma exacerbation remains unchanged or decreased compared with the levels during asymptomatic period.48 Several infectious and inflammatory conditions may alter the hs-CRP levels which may impair it’s the accuracy as an indicator for asthma control.27 Therefore, hs-CRP level may be used as an additional clinical marker for asthma control in routine follow-up but not during asthma exacerbation in acute settings because it is not specific. Hs-CRP can be used as a tool for monitoring the asthma status but is not recommended for the diagnosis of asthma. Further longitudinal research is required to compare the efficacy and accuracy of hs-CRP levels with other investigations such as arterial blood gas, peak flow, and pulse oximetry in assessing asthma exacerbation. Further follow-up cohort studies are warranted by assessing asthma control periodically and measuring hs-CRP levels prospectively to confirm the correlation.
In conclusion, an increase in hs-CRP level in asthmatic patients suggest that asthma involves systemic inflammation rather than the location inflammation of the airway. ICS can reduce the local inflammation of the airway and systemic inflammation where the level of hs-CRP shows reduction after treatment. Additionally, a high hs-CRP level is associated with a decline in pulmonary function and increased sputum eosinophils. Moreover, increased hs-CRP level has a significant association with non-atopic asthma and severity of respiratory symptoms but not with atopic asthma. Nevertheless, serum hs-CRP is an effective surrogate marker to predict the severity of inflammation of the bronchus in asthma. Furthermore, hs-CRP can be used as a marker to assess asthma status because increased serum hs-CRP has a positive correlation with the severity of asthma. Hence, serum hs-CRP can serve as an effective marker to assess the control and severity of asthma and response to treatment. | <urn:uuid:7713d9a4-a2c1-4ed4-9860-a6959171df17> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.emjreviews.com/allergy-immunology/article/high-sensitivity-assays-for-c-reactive-protein-as-a-systemic-inflammatory-marker-in-assessing-asthma-j010121/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.942551 | 4,617 | 3.03125 | 3 |
#ThisIsACrisis: 7 harsh realities of the global climate crisis
As humanity's negative impacts on the planet continue to grow, a new landmark report from the Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) is warning that the time period we have left to avert an "age of environmental breakdown" is growing rapidly smaller. Here, edie rounds up seven of the report's key findings.
If you’ve been on Twitter this week, chances are that you’ll have seen messages bearing the hashtag #ThisIsACrisis, which typically warn that policymakers across the globe have – to date – failed to grasp the scale of the multiple environmental and social sustainability crises facing the world.
The hashtag was borne by the IPPR after the launch of its landmark report of the same title, which was published on Tuesday (12 February). The report argues that a combination of issues such as global warming, soil degradation, unsustainable land use and biodiversity loss are creating a “new domain of risk”.
According to the 44-page document, which draws on dozens of scientific studies and statements from thought leaders, this new “highly complex and destabilised” domain is putting key social and economic systems around the world “at risk of collapse”
Specifically, it warns that global environmental issues will soon lead to a systemic financial collapse across the globe, which could be worse than that of 2008 and further widen the gap between the world’s richest and poorest people.
“In the extreme, environmental breakdown could trigger a catastrophic breakdown of human systems, driving a rapid process of ‘runaway collapse’ in which economic, social and political shocks cascade through the globally linked system,” the report warns.
“Across the world, our negative impact on the environment extends ‘beyond’ climate change to encompass most other natural systems, driving a complex, dynamic process of environmental change that has reached severe levels.
“This new risk domain affects virtually all areas of policy and politics, and it is doubtful that societies around the world are adequately prepared to manage this risk.”
The report highlights the scale of the multiple environmental crises which have reached a “tipping point” in more detail, citing facts which lay bare the most pressing challenges faced by humanity on both a local and global level.
Here, edie rounds up seven of the report’s key facts and stats, which prove that the sustainability challenges being faced worldwide are now far more wide-reaching than climate change.
1) Extreme weather events are happening much more frequently
The main body of the report begins with the citing of a number of shocking statistics around the global increase in natural disasters and extreme weather events which are increasingly being linked to human activity.
The IPPR claims that the number of floods experienced across the globe every year has increased by a factor of 15 since 1950s, with the figure standing at a factor of 20 for extreme temperature events and seven for wildfires.
These trends are already generating direct, negative impacts on local societies and economies. Across the world, the report states, extreme weather events were responsible for $326bn of economic losses during 2017 – a figure almost three times higher than in 2016.
As well as being detrimental to financial systems, extreme weather events are increasingly disrupting local infrastructure and causing sickness, poverty and death, the report states. It cites floods as the worst event for mortality and droughts as the most dangerous driver of ill health.
2) Emissions are speeding up the global temperature increase
Last October, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded in its landmark report that a global temperature increase of 1.5C was likely to be surpassed by 2030 without “rapid, far-reaching and unprecedented changes” in all aspects of society. Any increase beyond this point, the Panel concluded, would significantly worsen the risks of drought, floods, extreme heat and poverty for hundreds of millions of people.
The IPPR report highlights this conclusion in its examination of global warming, adding that the 20 warmest years since records began in 1850 have been in the past 22 years.
It re-iterates prior scientific research which has proven that Earth is already more than 1C warmer than pre-industrial times, while warning that rising carbon emissions have “locked us in” to a further temperature increase in the coming months and years.
Specifically, the report states that the world has already “crossed the boundary” for the maximum atmospheric concentration of CO2 under which “dangerous destabilisation” is guaranteed to be avoided. The limit is a CO2 concentration of 350 parts per million (ppm), while current levels are stagnating at around 405 ppm.
3) Biodiversity is under threat
Warming and extreme weather events, coupled by factors including deforestation and increased chemical use across the agricultural sector, are spurring the extinction of up to 58,000 species every year, the IPPR claims.
According to the report, extinction rates for flora and fauna are now up to 1,000 times higher than the ‘background rate’ – a level which has been “unseen since the time of the dinosaurs”.
A key conclusion is that extinction rates have been particularly high for insects, with some populations having shrunk by more than 60% since the 1970s. This finding comes in the same week that a separate study revealed that insects – which are vital for pollination and, therefore, food system security – could vanish within the next century.
4) Human activity is degrading soil
In addition to insect loss, the report highlights human-caused soil degradation and erosion as a key threat to global food systems. It claims that, globally, topsoil is now being lost 10 to 40 times faster than it is being replenished by natural processes, with three-quarters of all arable land having been degraded to some extent.
Deforestation is cited as a key cause of this problem, with other factors including poor farming practices and rapid land use changes also highlighted.
While referring to rainforests and farms across nations in the southern hemisphere, the report also lays bare the scale of the problem at a local level, claiming that 2.2 million tonnes of topsoil are lost in the UK every year.
The problem is particularly pronounced in East Anglia, where 85% of fertile topsoil has been lost since 1850. The remainder is likely to be lost within 60 years.
5) Human activity is also acidifying oceans
Drawing on recent research which found that global warming has heated the oceans by the equivalent of one atomic bomb explosion per second for the past 150 years, the IPPR report cites rising carbon emissions as a key cause of marine degradation.
It states that oceans absorb around one-quarter of all manmade CO2 emissions every year, and that this absorption has increased the average acidity of ocean water by 26% since the start of the Industrial Revolution.
Damage in this field is likely to become greater and happen faster if policymakers and corporates continue on a “business as usual” trajectory, the report concludes. In the worst-case scenario, it claims, ocean acidity could increase by 170% by 2100 against an 1850 baseline, creating a habitat which is “unliveable” for coral.
This finding comes shortly after a separate study by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) found that global warming is likely to change the colour of oceans by 2050, as plankton populations fluctuate and ecosystems change.
6) The plastic tide is yet to turn
Looking back since that episode of Blue Planet 2 launched in late 2017, it is clear that businesses, consumers and governments alike have ignited a worldwide revolt against single-use plastics.
But action to tackle the global plastics pollution problem – which is now resulting in 12 million tonnes of plastic entering oceans and waterways every year – has not been fast enough to avoid a “tipping point”, the IPPR claims.
The report states that global plastics production has increased from two megatonnes in 1950 to 407 megatonnes in 2017, with only 9% of all virgin plastics produced to date having been successfully recycled.
It specifically highlights a steep rise in plastic production and pollution levels since the start of the 21st century. A key statistic is that, of all the virgin plastic produced since 1950, half has been created in the past 13 years.
Our increasing dependence on plastic, the IPPR claims, has left no natural habitat uncontaminated. The report highlights the fact that all ocean habitats studied by researchers to date, from British coastlines to the deepest part of the Pacific Ocean, have been found to contain either micro or macro plastic pollution.
7) Food systems are not future-proof
Of the numerous issues highlighted by the IPPR, the majority are forecast to have “drastic” impacts on the global food system in the coming decades.
The paper warns of the vulnerability of food systems that rely on just five animal and 12 plant species to provide 75% of the world’s nutrition. This lack of diversity, the IPPR claims, weakens resilience to the growing risks of climate disruption, soil deterioration, pollution and pollinator loss.
The think tank additionally forecasts that these risks will lead to an average decrease in crop yields of 10% by 2050 – the date at which the global population is predicted to surpass 10 billion for the first time. In some regions and for some commodities, this decrease could reach 50%.
© Faversham House Ltd 2022 edie news articles may be copied or forwarded for individual use only. No other reproduction or distribution is permitted without prior written consent. | <urn:uuid:27b15755-cb8c-471a-aa96-38490727e483> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.edie.net/thisisacrisis-7-harsh-realities-of-the-global-climate-crisis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.950523 | 1,988 | 3.015625 | 3 |
As lockdown measures ease this week in the UK, environmental psychologists are urging that before rushing back to business as normal, we take advantage of the shifts observed over the past year to lock-in new, greener behaviours.
Writing in the journal Current Opinion in Psychology, the team from the Centre for Climate Change & Social Transformations (CAST) from the University of Bath and Cardiff, suggest that environmental interventions aimed at reducing our emissions should be targeted at times when habits are weakest and most malleable to change.
Their work draws on the idea of ‘habit discontinuity’ whereby major changes in our lives can provide a window of opportunity to change behaviours. This work initially focused on the impact of life events, such as house moves, and the effect this could have on changing individuals’ commuting behaviours (e.g. cycling to work instead of driving). This effect is said to last for just three months before habits become ingrained again.
In their article, the research team focus on priority areas where personal actions are necessary to reduce our emissions in line with the UK’s net zero target. These include flying – currently the highest carbon emitting activity – and eating less red meat and dairy.
Surveys conducted by CAST throughout the pandemic highlighted that UK lockdowns had significantly reduced individuals’ carbon footprints with people buying and travelling much less. Additionally, the impact of the pandemic appears not to have dented individuals’ willingness to take climate action.
Recent polling from IPSOS-Mori with CAST, suggest that the UK public are willing to take significant action to climate change with almost three-quarters agreeing with the statement: ‘if individuals do not act now to combat climate change, we will be failing future generations’.
Director of the Centre for Climate Change & Social Transformations, Professor Lorraine Whitmarsh from the University of Bath explains: “COVID-19 represents the most significant disruption to lifestyles since the Second World War – people have been working, consuming and interacting in new ways, many of which are good for the climate and could also improve wellbeing. As lockdown eases, employers, city leaders, and government now need to implement measures that will lock in these positive behaviours, to enable a green recovery rather than a return to business as usual.”
Co-author, Dr Stuart Capstick Research Fellow from the School of Psychology at Cardiff University adds: “I hope that we can apply some of the lessons from a very difficult year to help tackle the climate emergency too. All of us have had to get used to the idea that our own actions matter for the health and wellbeing of other people. When it comes to reducing emissions and bringing about low-carbon ways of life, there are important parallels here and a need to take our own part in that seriously.”
Access their latest analysis in Current Opinion in Psychology – ‘Behaviour change to address climate change’ .
Professor Whitmarsh will speak on Wednesday this week at ClimateExp0 – a major conference taking place all week to highlight some of the latest thinking and the international research in relation to climate change and net zero in the run-up to COP26.
Find out more about the free-week long event, which is taking place six months before the UN Climate Change Conference COP26 in Glasgow https://www.climateexp0.org/ .
Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system. | <urn:uuid:eed69575-88c1-482a-a550-af038b967488> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tvusalive.com/1018/time-to-capitalize-on-covid-19-disruptions-to-lock-in-greener-behaviors/society/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.945116 | 737 | 2.46875 | 2 |
AUGUSTA — The Maine Department of Labor announced Thursday that during week ending October 23 about 3,300 people received an unemployment benefit payment. This represents a decrease of about 100 people from last week. Weekly claims are at the lowest level since November 2019.
During the week ending October 23, the Maine Department of Labor recorded about 700 initial claims filed for state unemployment insurance, as well as about 60 initial claims filed for federal Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (PUA).
Initial claims numbers represent claim applications, which are then reviewed for eligibility and legitimacy. In total, approximately 800 people were filing an initial claim or reopening their unemployment claim.
About 4,500 weekly claims were filed last week for state unemployment, representing a decrease of about 300 weekly claims. About 10 weekly claims were filed under federal Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (PUA), a decrease of about 40 weekly claims from the previous week.
Not all weekly claims filed result in a benefit payment because eligibility is determined on a weekly basis, with certifications filed by claimants every week in order to continue to receive unemployment benefits. Of the 4,500 weekly claims filed, about 3,300 people received an unemployment benefit payment.
Weekly claims are filed after the end of the actual week. Therefore, the claims filed this week for the federal PUA and PEUC programs were for weeks ending September 4 or earlier. The PUA initial claims were those that were originally filed under the regular state program in a prior week, subsequently found ineligible for state unemployment, and then moved to the PUA program. These PUA claims have an effective date prior to the close of the program.
For the same time period, roughly 800 unemployment claimants reported having partial earnings for the week.
Between March 15, 2020 and October 23, 2021, the Maine Department of Labor has paid out over $2.49 billion in federal and state unemployment benefits. Approximately $1.88 billion of the $2.49 billion was paid through federal unemployment programs.
The Department has handled approximately 279,450 initial claims for the state unemployment program and 114,700 initial claims for the Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (PUA) program. Note: Claims do not equal the number of unique unemployment claimants. There have been over 4.5 million weekly certifications filed.
During the week ending October 23, the Department cancelled 53 initial claims suspected to be fraudulent. | <urn:uuid:37461873-8fd7-4561-8d80-3ab71a44db04> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.penbaypilot.com/article/weekly-unemployment-claims-remain-lowest-november-2019/153506 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.959158 | 481 | 1.5625 | 2 |
- Mon 22nd Jun 2020, 6:30pm – 9:30pm UK time (UTC +01:00)
|Hosted by||The Psychedelic Society|
|Add to calendar||Google · ICS|
The Shroomshop: Mushroom Cultivation for Beginners
This workshop will be held online. At this time, more than ever, we need each other. Despite our distance, we can continue to learn, grow and connect together.
All participants will be given access to course notes for the workshop after the session. You will also be entitled to a Oyster mushroom spore syringe if you live in the UK. We will send instruction how to receive this and the Zoom link to join with the confirmation email.
Mushrooms have been growing wild since prehistoric times. Their therapeutic value has been prized in indigenous cultures, for thousands of years. They play a critical role in medicinal practice and were noted in some of the first books on herbal medicine written thousands of years ago.
In the past few decades, mushrooms have become more popular for their therapeutic qualities in the west as a result of an expanding body of scientific research supporting their numerous health benefits.
Come and learn the basics of mushroom cultivation, explore various techniques for growing gourmet and medicinal mushrooms such as Oyster, Reishi, Shiitake and many other strains of mushrooms.
This will be a hands on experience covering everything you need to know to get you started.
What We Will Cover
- What are Mushrooms?
- How do Mushrooms grow?
- How do you grow Mushrooms at home?
- Mushroom Aftercare
- Where to get everything?
- Each participant will leave with a mushroom grow kit and access to online materials.
About Your Facilitator
Darren Springer is a keen mushroom grower and teacher, having taught over a thousand people in the last seven years how to grow their own edible mushrooms. He is Horticulture and Food Enterprise worker and tutor for and has translated his home growing experience into a commercial experiment. In this workshop Darren shares his practical tips and experience to help you successfully grow mushrooms at home.
TICKET PRICES: £30
ZOOM ROOM OPEN: 18:30 (GMT+1)
NO ENTRY AFTER: 18:45 (GMT+1)
To avoid disruption to the event, latecomers may not be admitted.
REFUND POLICY: We do not arrange refunds or exchanges. When possible we encourage using reselling on Ticketswap
Our UK events are intended for a sober audience. We kindly ask you to respect this request.
Did you know Members of the Psychedelic Society get 10% off all our events? Join from £5 a month and become part of this amazing community with invites to special events and more!
REFUNDS POLICY: Please note, we do not arrange refunds or exchanges. When possible we encourage reselling on Ticketswap.
ACCESS: We do our best to include everyone in our events, regardless of health circumstances. If you have access requirements please email the event organiser directly to discuss.
Many facilitators are able to offer reduced ticket prices for those truly unable to afford the ticket price. If this is you, do please get in touch with the event organiser.
For PSYCHEDELIC KNOWLEDGE AND RESOURCES please check out the Psychedelic Society website.
MEMBERS of the Psychedelic Society get 10% off almost all of our events.
Join from £5 a month and become part of this amazing community with invites to special events and more. | <urn:uuid:6dd53122-4c66-4330-bae9-7273b992f525> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dandelion.earth/events/5ebbc42c158c71000428af31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.916043 | 823 | 1.671875 | 2 |
CEN - EN ISO 5167-1
Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full - Part 1: General principles and requirements
|Publication Date:||18 March 2003|
|ICS Code (Flow in closed conduits):||17.120.10|
This part of ISO 5167 defines terms and symbols and establishes the general principles for methods of measurement and computation of the flowrate of fluid flowing in a conduit by means of pressure differential devices (orifice plates, nozzles and Venturi tubes) when they are inserted into a circular cross-section conduit running full. This part of ISO 5167 also specifies the general requirements for methods of measurement, installation and determination of the uncertainty of the measurement of flowrate. It also defines the general specified limits of pipe size and Reynolds number for which these pressure differential devices are to be used.
ISO 5167 (all parts) is applicable only to flow that remains subsonic throughout the measuring section and where the fluid can be considered as single-phase. It is not applicable to the measurement of pulsating flow. | <urn:uuid:80bce384-e8a1-4812-bff6-09ea98c07ef0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://standards.globalspec.com/standards/detail?docId=15842 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.884968 | 260 | 1.71875 | 2 |
- Purchase/rental options available:
This article examines three cases that have been identified by scholars as “manufactured” scientific controversies, in which rhetors seek to promote or delay public policy by announcing that there is an ongoing scientific debate about a matter for which there is actually an overwhelming scientific consensus. The comparative study of argumentative dynamics in the cases of AIDS dissent, global warming skepticism, and intelligent design reveals the deployment of rhetorical traps that take advantage of balancing norms and appeals to democratic values. It also reveals the ineffectual counterarguments marshalled by defenders of mainstream science. By exploring the inventional possibilities available to those who would respond to manufactured scientific controversies, this article equips readers and their students to confute deceptive arguments about science and engage in a more productive public debate. In so doing, this article initiates an Isocratean orientation to the rhetoric of science as a field of study. | <urn:uuid:28f4b5a0-3363-48b0-94bb-f5f4d7290851> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://muse.jhu.edu/article/440840?ref=rc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.924249 | 186 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Presentation on theme: "Clinical Trials. What is a clinical trial? Clinical trials are research studies involving people Used to find better ways to prevent, detect, and treat."— Presentation transcript:
What is a clinical trial? Clinical trials are research studies involving people Used to find better ways to prevent, detect, and treat disease The final step in a long process that includes preliminary laboratory research and animal testing
Types of Clinical Trials Prevention Trials – explore ways to prevent cancer in people who have never had it, or to prevent cancer from recurring in previously treated patients Screening Trials – test ways to find cancer as early as possible Diagnostic trials – examine new tests or procedures to identify a suspected cancer Treatment Trials – test new treatments Quality of Life Trials – consider ways to improve comfort and quality of life for cancer patients
Phases of Clinical Trials Purpose Number of people who take part Phase I To find a safe dose To decide how the new treatment should be given To observe how the treatment affects the human body 15-30 people Phase II To determine if the new treatment has an effect on a particular cancer To see how the treatment affects the human body Fewer than 100 people Phase III To compare the new treatment with the current standard treatment From 100 to thousands of people Phase IV To further assess the long-term safety and effectiveness of the new treatment Several hundred to several thousand people
Who can join a clinical trial? Every clinical trial has a protocol (like a recipe for conducting the trial) which clearly states who can or cannot join the trial Eligibility criteria are the characteristics of the potential subject that determine whether he or she can be included in a clinical trial
Eligibility Criteria The eligibility criteria can be general (age, sex, cancer type) or more specific (cancer stage, tumor characteristics) Having these criteria ensure that each trial is: Safe – the new treatment may not be appropriate for patients with certain medical conditions Accurate and meaningful – patients may not be able to join a clinical trial if they have already been treated Doctors need to be able to determine if the patient’s response is due to the treatment being studied and not an earlier treatment
Bias Bias is a personal belief that prevents impartial consideration of a question Scientific conclusions must be based upon fact rather than assumption or bias Why do you think it is important to minimize bias in clinical trials?
Limiting Bias in Clinical Trials Two methods to limit bias in a clinical trial: Randomization – participants are arbitrarily placed in either an investigational group (receiving new treatment) or a control group (receiving the standard treatment)
Limiting Bias in Clinical Trials Blinding Single blind trials - participants do not know whether they are in the investigational or control group Double-blind trials - neither the patient nor the physician knows whether the participant is in the investigational or control group How does blinding minimize bias?
Measuring Outcomes An endpoint is a measurable outcome that indicates a treatment’s effectiveness. Typical endpoints for a cancer treatment trial: Tumor response rate – the proportion of trial participants whose tumor was reduced in size Disease-free survival – the amount of time a participant survives without cancer occurring or recurring Overall Survival – the amount of time a participant lives, typically measured from the beginning of the clinical trial until the time of death
Patient Protection Federal rules help ensure that clinical trials are run in an ethical manner Protocols must be reviewed by two separate panels – a scientific review panel, and an institutional review board (IRB) Ongoing monitoring by: IRB Data and Safety Monitoring Boards (DSMBs) for phase III trials research team
Informed Consent Informed consent is the process through which people learn the purpose, risks and benefits of a clinical trial before they decide to join Members of the research team, including doctors and nurses, explain the trial and discuss participant’s rights. Participants may: Choose to participate or not Leave the study at any time Learn about all treatment options Learn all the details about the treatment offered including risks and benefits Discuss the trial with the principal investigator and members of the research team Hear and read the information in a language they can understand
Ending Trials Early If participants experience severe side effects, or if there is clear evidence that risks outweigh benefits, the IRB and DSMB will recommend the trial be halted Trial can be stopped if there is clear evidence the new treatment is effective to make it widely available
Participating in a clinical trial Possible drawbacks New treatments under study are not always better than, or even as good as, standard care If patients receive standard care instead of the new treatment being tested, it may not be as effective as the new approach. Health insurance and managed care providers do not always cover all patient care costs in a study.
Participating in a clinical trial Possible benefits Clinical trials offer high-quality cancer care. If someone is in a randomized study and does not receive the new treatment being tested, they will receive the best known standard care. This may be as good as, or better than the new approach. If a new treatment is effective, the participant my be among the first to benefit The chance to help others and improve cancer treatment
Resources Making Treatment Decisions, American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/docroot/ETO/ETO_0.asp http://www.cancer.org/docroot/ETO/ETO_0.asp Clinical Trials, National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials Clinical Trials, National Institute of Health http://clinicaltrials.gov/ http://clinicaltrials.gov/ Clinical Trials and CAM, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine http://nccam.nih.gov/research/clinicaltrials/factsheet/ #jump8 http://nccam.nih.gov/research/clinicaltrials/factsheet/ #jump8 | <urn:uuid:6a2fba19-f3a2-4913-aa0f-feb268ce77e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://slideplayer.com/slide/6430537/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.917659 | 1,235 | 4.03125 | 4 |
New York, NY – Just hours after President Obama’s re-election, a United Nations committee voted to proceed with a final conference on the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) this coming March. The United States is one of many nations supporting the move.
Critics of the treaty in the U.S. include those with concerns about American arms sales abroad and Second Amendment issues. Even though the U.N. insists they should have no concerns, Second Amendment advocates believe the treaty will open the door to restrictions on gun ownership in the U.S. There is also fear the ATT could impact America’s arms sales decisions abroad, allowing some elements to use the treaty to restrict U.S. weapons sales to countries like Israel and Taiwan.
A key concern about the proposed treaty as it is now written is that, at any time after the ATT eventually goes into effect, any signing country can propose amendments. Any such amendments will be taken up at a conference of signatory states, where, according to the draft text, it “shall be adopted by consensus, or if consensus is not achieved, by two-thirds of the States Parties present and voting.”
If all 193 U.N. member-states sign onto the ATT, a 132-member bloc of developing nations would together constitute that required two-thirds majority, meaning that a treaty could conceivably be amended at any future point, even over the objections of the U.S. and its allies.
The Obama administration pledges not to accept a treaty that covers ammunition or explosives, while some European allies including Britain, France and Germany for example want it to cover “all types of munitions.”
The draft text prohibits the transfer of some categories of arms if doing so would facilitate war crimes. U.N. bodies have more than once accused Israel of war crimes against Palestinians. At issue with some in the United States is that such verbiage could be used to declare it a war crime to sell arms to nations like Israel.
If the administration does sign up to a final ATT at the end of the negotiations next March, the treaty would require U.S. Senate ratification. In a letter to President Obama and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton last July, 51 senators warned they would oppose ratification of any treaty that does not “uphold our country’s constitutional protections of civilian firearms ownership” and “explicitly recognize the legitimacy of lawful activities associated with firearms, including but not limited to the right of self-defense.”
Senator Jerry Moran (R-Kans.), who organized the letter, said it signaled to the administration that “an Arms Trade Treaty that does not protect ownership of civilian firearms will fail in the Senate. Our firearm freedoms are not negotiable.”
Signatories included eight Democrats – Sens. Max Baucus (Mont.), Jim Webb (Va.), Mark Begich (Ala.), Bob Casey (Penn.), Joe Manchin (W.V.), Ben Nelson (Nebr.), Mark Pryor (Ark.) and Jon Tester (Mont.). (Nelson and Webb are retiring.)
Writing before Wednesday’s vote in New York, Heritage Foundation Senior Research Fellow Ted R. Bromund, who monitored the ATT conference last summer, said the stakes were high, “and no likely outcome will be fully satisfactory from the U.S. point of view.”
“All the more reason, therefore, for Congress to return to the issue and to set out again their concerns about the flaws in the current draft of the ATT and those inherent in any ATT,” he argued. “The worst course of action would be for the U.S. to drift into a position where it feels pressured to sign an ATT that is incompatible with U.S. policies and liberties.” | <urn:uuid:5a655cae-9891-4e60-9672-48683ec4b699> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.offthegridnews.com/how-to-2/u-s-supports-final-talks-on-global-arms-trade-treaty/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.948888 | 781 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Trump Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin is under fire for flying for pleasure at public expense, and attacked New York City citizens when he was questioned on it.
Donald Trump's Treasury secretary, Steve Mnuchin, has bizarrely claimed that allegations that he requested a government plane to view the eclipse are untrue because New Yorkers were disinterested in the natural phenomenon.
The Treasury Department is being sued by the ethics watchdog CREW, which is seeking records related to Mnuchin's travel with his wife, Louise Linton, on the day of the eclipse to Fort Knox. The government has not revealed the information after a Freedom of Information Act request was filed, prompting the lawsuit. CREW Executive Director Noah Bookbinder said, "We’re suing because the government has so far failed even to respond."
On that day, Linton posted an Instagram photo of the couple getting off an official Air Force jet and bragged about the designer clothes she was wearing. After a woman accused her of using tax dollars to finance a personal jaunt, Linton mocked the woman for having less money than her.
Asked about the controversy at an event with Politico, Mnuchin denied the allegation and offered his strange and insulting reasoning.
"You know, people in Kentucky took this stuff very serious," he said. "Being a New Yorker ... I was like, the eclipse? Really? I don't have any interest in watching the eclipse."
Arguing that New Yorkers were disinterested in the event is strangely defensive and out of touch. Thousands of citizens in the city joined the rest of America in marveling at the phenomenon, gathering together to look up and watch what was happening.
Mnuchin is also under fire for requesting a government plane to travel overseas during his honeymoon. The request could have cost taxpayers $25,000 an hour, and it triggered an inquiry from the Treasury Department's inspector general. Mnuchin withdrew the request as it began to make waves.
Like Trump, Mnuchin appears to enjoy using taxpayer funds for his personal enjoyment, despite his own personal fortune. He earned millions while owning banks during the financial crisis, and as a movie producer.
He is reportedly worth as much as $500 million, certainly enough to be able to afford his own flight to Kentucky. Yet when caught using taxpayer dollars to finance his travel, he reflexively offered a lame excuse and smeared New Yorkers. No wonder he is so close to Trump. | <urn:uuid:340a5d2e-f822-4551-a139-864229ce3b8e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://americanindependent.com/mnuchins-excuse-for-using-a-government-plane-to-get-good-seat-for-eclipse-is-obvious-lie/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.980175 | 493 | 1.539063 | 2 |
What Caused the Recent Great Plains Drought?
PARTS OF THE GREAT PLAINS, stretching from Texas to Montana, experienced severe drought in 2012, resulting in huge crop losses and other problems. These losses occurred in spite of recent technological advances, such as improved soil and water management practices and the use of drought-resistant varieties of crops. Some effects, such as crop loss, resulted directly from the event, but others, such as less food for livestock, were indirect results of the drought. What caused this drought, and what were some primary and secondary impacts?
What Was the Meteorological Setting of the Drought?
Examine each pair of maps. The top maps show averages of the daily pressure (as represented by the height of the 500 mb pressure) for May and July of 2012. The bottom pair of maps shows specific humidity for the same two months. Compare the air pressure maps to the specific humidity maps and consider the relationship between the patterns of air pressure and humidity, if any exist.
In May, the air pressure patterns and upper atmosphere wind directions over the lower 48 states were essentially west-to-east, a condition meteorologists call a zonal flow. Pressures over the Great Plains were neither much higher nor lower than areas to the east and west. For most places, a zonal upper-level pattern results in typical weather, because it neither supports nor suppresses storms. For Texas, a west-to-east zonal flow brings in dry air from northwestern Mexico and the Desert Southwest (e.g., Arizona).
By July, a strong ridge of high pressure developed over the Great Plains states, with the entire southern U.S. under high pressure (high 500 mb heights). The sinking air associated with this high pressure caused abundant adiabatic warming and compression, and little cloudiness and precipitation. High pressure also blocked or deflected storm tracks away from the region. As a result of these factors, drought extended across most of the central U.S., including much of the Great Plains.
These two maps show specific humidity (the mass of moisture in a mass of air) for the same two months as shown above. Darker shades of green represent more moisture, whereas lighter shades indicate drier air. During May, dry air in the Desert Southwest (e.g., Arizona) and in the deserts of adjacent northern Mexico spread into west Texas, but moderately humid conditions existed in much of the Great Plains, such as in Kansas and Nebraska.
The specifichumidity map for July is not too different from the one for May. The clockwise flow around the Bermuda-Azores High, which makes its northernmost approach in July, has advected moisture into the interior of North America. A conclusion you can reach from comparing the four maps on this page is that the upper-level conditions were very different, but the amount of moisture in the air was similar, although the patterns differ in detail.
What Were the Patterns of Drought in the Middle of 2012?
The two maps below show the Palmer Drought Index for the same two months as depicted on the previous page. Examine the patterns of drought on these maps and compare them to the maps of air pressure and specific humidity. From comparing each set of maps, decide if the drought in the Great Plains was mostly caused by a lack of humidity or by upper-level air pressure and patterns of flow.
On these maps, areas experiencing severe and extreme drought are shown in orange and brown, respectively. Areas in light yellow are experiencing mid-range conditions, meaning not overly dry or overly moist. In May, areas of the Great Plains with extreme drought are mostly restricted to isolated areas in northern Texas, eastern New Mexico, and especially southeastern Colorado. In the central and northern parts of the Great Plains, from Oklahoma to North Dakota (a north-south strip through the center of the map), conditions were in the mid-range.
By July, extreme and severe drought had spread across more of northern Texas, eastern New Mexico, and into parts of Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming, and the Dakotas. Nearly all of the Great Plains was experiencing at least moderate drought (dark yellow, orange, or brown). From your comparisons of these maps with those of air pressure and specific humidity (on the previous page), what do you conclude about the main cause of the drought inflicted on the Great Plains in the summer of 2012?
Primary and Secondary Impacts of Drought
In considering the effects of drought, some effects, such as drying out of agricultural fields and dying of crops, are due directly to the drought; these are primary impacts. Other effects are related to drought, but in a more indirect way, like an increase in the price of seeds that resulted from the initial dying of crops; such effects are secondary impacts. Here, we examine the primary and secondary impacts of the 2012 drought, focusing on Texas, but similar consequences of the drought were felt in other states.
An obvious primary effect of the drought was damage to crops due to the extreme dryness of the soil and lack of rainfall. In Texas, half of the cotton crop was lost, and the corn harvest decreased by 40%. In a similar manner, it is estimated that up to 10% of the trees in Texas were damaged, but it is still too early to be certain about the actual amount of loss.
Wildlife populations dwindled as their habitats were degraded. Ranching likewise suffered the effects of the drought, with a sharp decrease in the number of cows. Such losses were largely caused by a diminished supply of drinking water or an increase in water contamination as ponds and other sources of surface water dried up. Throughout the drought-stricken region, the supplies of surface water and groundwater decreased, with reservoirs estimated as 40% below normal.
There were also secondary impacts. The dry conditions caused grass and brush to dry out (a direct impact), causing a series of wildfires that burned over 3 million acres in Texas, causing more than $750 million in damage to homes (a secondary impact). Trees and plants stressed by the drought became more vulnerable to later disease and pest infestations. High temperatures and low water levels (primary impacts) led to low amounts of dissolved oxygen in some lakes, ponds, and streams, resulting in fish dying (a secondary impact). Reduced seed production altered the food chain, even for species that weren't affected by the drought directly. Shrinking supplies of agricultural products resulted in higher prices.
Other secondary impacts are even less obvious. Transportation was delayed or halted along highways because of wildfires. Tourism decreased as fewer people visited lakes because the low water levels left an unpleasant and potentially dangerous situation for boaters. Also, the amount of recreational fishing declined for the same reason and because of the previously mentioned fish kills. Reduced water supplies in cooling reservoirs used by power-generation plants caused a reduction in power output, at the same time that energy demand peaked due to the higher temperatures (more air conditioning needed). This resulted in rolling blackouts, providing an excellent example of a secondary impact. Geographers also use the concepts of primary and secondary impacts for other types of meteorological events, such as hurricanes and flooding. These terms are also considered in the context of global and regional changes that result from climate change and other events.
- How Can Moisture Extremes Be Characterized?
- What Is the Distribution of Precipitation?
- How Do Sleet and Freezing Rain Form?
- How Does Precipitation Form? | <urn:uuid:570d07fa-f6f8-4c51-9b9f-95e9cd2e95fb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://geography.name/what-caused-the-recent-great-plains-drought/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.957596 | 1,535 | 3.875 | 4 |
WASHINGTON (NASA PR) — The rocket that will launch humans farther into space than ever before passed a major NASA review Wednesday. The Space Launch System (SLS) Program completed a combined System Requirements Review and System Definition Review, which set requirements of the overall launch vehicle system. SLS now moves ahead to its preliminary design phase.
The SLS will launch NASA’s Orion spacecraft and other payloads, and provide an entirely new capability for human exploration beyond low Earth orbit.
These NASA reviews set technical, performance, cost and schedule requirements to provide on-time development of the heavy-lift rocket. As part of the process, an independent review board comprised of technical experts from across NASA evaluated SLS Program documents describing vehicle specifications, budget and schedule. The board confirmed SLS is ready to move from concept development to preliminary design.
“This new heavy-lift launch vehicle will make it possible for explorers to reach beyond our current limits, to nearby asteroids, Mars and its moons, and to destinations even farther across our solar system,” said William Gerstenmaier, associate administrator for the Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “The in-depth assessment confirmed the basic vehicle concepts of the SLS, allowing the team to move forward and start more detailed engineering design.”
The reviews also confirmed the SLS system architecture and integration with the Orion spacecraft, managed by NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, and the Ground Systems Development and Operations Program, which manage the operations and launch facilities at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
“This is a pivotal moment for this program and for NASA,” said SLS Program Manager Todd May. “This has been a whirlwind experience from a design standpoint. Reaching this key development point in such a short period of time, while following the strict protocol and design standards set by NASA for human spaceflight is a testament to the team’s commitment to delivering the nation’s next heavy-lift launch vehicle.”
SLS reached this major milestone less than 10 months after the program’s inception. The combination of the two assessments represents a fundamentally different way of conducting NASA program reviews. The SLS team is streamlining processes to provide the nation with a safe, affordable and sustainable heavy-lift launch vehicle capability. The next major program milestone is the preliminary design review, targeted for late next year.
The first test flight of NASA’s Space Launch System, which will feature a configuration for a 70-metric-ton (77-ton) lift capacity, is scheduled for 2017. As SLS evolves, a three-stage launch vehicle configuration will provide a lift capability of 130 metric tons (143 tons) to enable missions beyond low Earth orbit and support deep space exploration.
NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., manages the SLS program. Across the country NASA and its industry partners continue to make progress on SLS hardware that will be integrated into the final design. The RS-25 core stage and J-2X upper-stage rocket engine in development by Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne of Canoga Park, Calif., for the future two-stage SLS, will be tested at NASA’s Stennis Space Center in Mississippi. The prime contractor for the five-segment solid rocket boosters, ATK of Brigham City, Utah, has begun processing its first SLS boosters in preparation for an initial qualification test next year, ahead of their use for the first two exploration missions. The Boeing Co. in Huntsville is designing the SLS core stage, to be built at NASA’s Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans and tested at Stennis before being shipped to Kennedy.
For more information about the Space Launch System, including the newest proposed rocket configurations, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/sls | <urn:uuid:495ecabb-d22d-4921-a925-b799d5c245dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.parabolicarc.com/2012/07/26/space-launch-systems-moves-to-preliminary-design-phase/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.898147 | 796 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Anatomical Figure Running
Use this figure to study the human body or for your own drawings! With AR, bring the model into your own environment.
About the Model
Anatomical models were used by artists to study muscles and the human body. This running anatomical man is skinless so his tendons and muscles are clearly visible. They were used by artists to practice their drawing and improve their human form. Artist: Pierre Franqueville; Medium: bronze
florence, italy, anatomy, anatomical, écorché, running, muscles , tendons, art, drawing, human form, physical, human body, life science
May 16 2022 | <urn:uuid:11ca4adb-e028-4cd1-817d-4ed136ebaed6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://figment.education/library/anatomical-figure-running | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.937287 | 146 | 2.328125 | 2 |
The vas deferens are a pair of long, muscular tubes that extend from the epididymis to the pelvic cavity at the level of the bladder. During ejaculation, sperm are transported by the vas deferens from the epididymis through the urethra and out of the body.
Also known as the ductus deferens, the vas deferens are a vital part of male reproductive system and male fertility. The vas deferens are the tubes that are cut when undergoing a vasectomy, which is a surgical procedure for male sterilization that prevents sperm from leaving the body.
The vas deferens appear as a pair of thick, muscular tubes. The tubes are identical to each other, measuring approximately 12 inches (30 cm) in length.(1) These vas deferens branch off from the spermatic cord, which also contains blood vessels and a system of nerve fibers wrapped in connective tissue.
The vas deferens start at the epididymis, where sperm is collected after it has been produced in the testes. The vas deferens run from the epididymis into the pelvic area to just behind the bladder.
These two tubes then branch off, forming two ampullae that are attached to the bladder’s left and right walls. These ampullae serve as storage receptacles for semen, eventually connecting with the ejaculatory ducts and then to the urethra.(2)
The vas deferens are composed of three layers:
- The Adventitia – The outermost layer of connective tissue
- The Muscular Coat – made up of different layers of muscle fibers, lies beneath the adventitia.
- The Mucous Coat – The innermost layer, lined with columnar epithelial cells.(3)
It is possible to born without the vas deferens. Although rare, this condition causes infertility. A congenital absence of vas deferens may occur without a known cause, but it is frequently linked with another genetic condition known as cystic fibrosis.
Although males born with an absence of vas deferens are usually infertile, the condition doesn’t affect sex drive or the capability to have sex 3 Some men born without vas deferens are still able to father children with the help of assisted reproductive technology.(4)
Function of the Vas Deferens
The main purpose of the vas-deferens is to transport sperm (in Latin, the term vas-deferens translates as “carrying-away vessel”). The testes produce sperm and it is then transferred to the epididymis.
This structure, which looks like a coiled tube, stores sperm until it matures. When the penis becomes erect, it signals the sperm cells to leave the epididymis and move into the vas deferens.(5)
The vas deferens pushes the sperm forward through muscular contractions. As sperm cells reach the ampullae they are joined with seminal fluid from the seminal vesicle. The seminal fluid is pushed from the ampullae through the ejaculatory ducts, past the prostate gland, where it is mixed with a milky secretion.
Finally, the entire mixture (ejaculate) exits the body through to the urethra. | <urn:uuid:afdb4507-23c5-4f37-ac04-edb89df41e0c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://spermcountreport.com/vas-deferens | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.922942 | 816 | 3.265625 | 3 |
The Churchill IV combined the 6-pounder gun of the Churchill Mk III with a new cast turret. The Churchill III had been the first version of the Churchill tank to carry a 6-pounder gun, in a new welded turret. However a shortage of suitable weldable sheets of armour plating meant that a new cast turret had to be produced. This had thinner armour than the welded turret of the Mk III, but was at least available for construction. Tanks with the new cast turret were designated as the Mk IV.
Some early Mk IVs were armed with the Mk 5 6-pounder, but most used the Mk 3 6-pounder. The Mk 5 could be indentified by its counterweight, which made up for its longer length.
The Mk IV carried 84 rounds of 6-pounder ammo. It was the most numerous version of the tank, with 1,622 completed. This combined with 675 Mk III to produce a total of 2,297 6-pounder Churchills.
In February 1943 the decision was made to up gun as many older Churchills as possible to take the 75mm gun. During 1943 this was done by fitting the new gun in existing turrets, to produce the Mk VI (more were produced from new). Later on these were given extra appliqué armour, and redesignated as the Mk X LT. In theory there was also an Mk X, which was the Mk VI with appliqué armour and the welded/ cast turret of the Mk VII, but it isn't clear if any of these were actually produced.
Another set of designations was given to Mk IVs that gained the appliqué armour but kept the 6-pounder gun. The Mk IX LT had the original turret and the extra armour, while the Mk IX was meant to gain the welded/ cast turret but keep the 6-pounder gun. Once again it isn't clear if any Mk IXs were actually produced.
Around 700 Churchill Mk IIIs and Mk IVs were converted into Churchill AVREs, an excellent engineer's tank, armed with the short-range but powerful Petard mortar.
50 Mks II and Mk IV were converted into turretless Churchill ARKs.
Churchill Mk IV, A22, Infantry Tank Mk IV
Hull Length: 24ft 5in
Hull Width: 9ft
Height: 10ft 8n
Crew: 5 (commander, gunner, loader, driver, co-driver/ hull gunner)
Engine: 350hp Bedford twin-six
Max Road Speed: 15.5mph
Max Cross-county Speed: 8mph
Road Range: 90 miles radius
Armament: 6-pounder gun and 7.92mm Besa machine gun in turret, 7.92mm Besa machine gun in hull front | <urn:uuid:757e63b0-22dc-4552-95d7-df02e0fb8765> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_churchill_IV.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.976544 | 621 | 3.125 | 3 |
Fungi & micro-organisms
Fungal Guide Home
Known popularly as fungus icicles. Large, cascading masses of narrow, down-ward projecting, tapering white branches. Saprobic on wood.
Distinguished from most fungi included in this group, because the branches of the fruiting body hang downwards. A single native New Zealand species.
The fungus icicles. Very good to eat, although need to be young and in good condition. | <urn:uuid:056641b6-136e-4f68-888d-9a0dd4a46d6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fungalguide.landcareresearch.co.nz/WebForms/FG_Genus.aspx?Group=Hericium&pk=25264 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.818246 | 182 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Just so you know, What to Expect may make commissions on shopping links on this page.
Is 5 months too soon for baby food?
My baby is 5 months .. he’s sitting up with help .. he take a bottle every 3 hours (6oz) I want to add rice cereal and give him the baby fruits and food so his feeding can last longer with the feeding shortage that’s going on
No. You can start as early as 4 months but no later than 6. Your pediatrician does not have to okay it. The reason some recommend waiting until 6 months is because they are trying to get mothers to breastfeed longer. I started both of mine at 4 months.
Related Articles & Discussions
Jump to Your Week of Pregnancy
Trending On What to Expect
Moms Share Home Remedies for Pregnancy Morning Sickness
8 Expensive Products Moms Say are Worth the Money
⚠️ You can't see this cool content because you have ad block enabled.
Please whitelist our site to get all the best deals and offers from our partners.
14 Moms on What Labor Really Feels Like
What Are Your Go-To Healthy Snacks?
Things They Don't Tell You About: Mom Edition
Pregnancy Brain Moments? Let's Have a Laugh!
If you feel a message or content violates these standards and would like to request its removal please submit the following information and our moderating team will respond shortly.
Please select a reason for escalating this post to the WTE moderators: | <urn:uuid:12048312-1887-4cb2-a392-40c0d38fc262> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://community.whattoexpect.com/forums/babys-first-year/topic/is-5-months-too-soon-for-baby-food-134534993.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.938664 | 367 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Forty-two years ago a magnitude 5.2 earthquake dislodged a rock cap that had been holding back an enormous burp of gas and magma inside Mount St.
Forty-two years ago a magnitude 5.2 earthquake dislodged a rock cap that had been holding back an enormous burp of gas and magma inside Mount St. Helens and the stratovolcano erupted at about 8:30 am, killing 57 people. The volcano, in southern Washington, had been trembling and venting for weeks. Authorities closed the area surrounding the mountain to protect the public, angering many business owners who threatened to sue over loss of income. Homeowners of cabins near the mountain were initially forbidden to access their property. USGS scientists, including volcanologist David Johnston, had urged authorities to close the areas surrounding the mountain, a decision that saved thousands of lives.
On May 18 as the volcano erupted, Johnston, stationed five miles away from the summit at a research station, transmitted his last known words: “Vancouver, Vancouver, this is it!” He was buried beneath the pyroclastic flow.
The ash plume reached 16 miles into the sky. By noon the ash was over Idaho. The eruption blew a mile-wide crater into the volcano’s peak and knocked its elevation from 9,677 ft to 8,363 ft. Without Johnston’s pleas to keep the public far from the volcano, the human death toll would have been staggering. At least 7,000 animals were killed and as many as 12 million fish.
The mountain continued to erupt periodically, though on much smaller scales, for the next decade. Activity returned in the mid ’00s, with lava flows pushing up domes and fins and steam and ash being released. No major activity has been recorded since 2008, though researchers expect the mountain is still very much active, and, by the nature of volcanic activity in the area requiring a huge explosive force to rupture the volcano, any further big eruptions will be massive.
So that’s fun. | <urn:uuid:7d71ad77-8f6e-46d7-aedd-97692057fa9e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.everest.com/vancouver-vancouver-this-is-it-mount-st-helens-erupted-42-years-today/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.975818 | 426 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Over the last few years author David Weatherly has been working on a still-ongoing, very ambitious project. And, there's no doubt that it's one of the most important projects in the field of Cryptozoology, too. And, if you don't know why, here's the reason: David has took it upon himself to write a series of books chronicling the strange creatures that have been seen throughout every state of the USA. Considering the fact there are no less than fifty states, that means, eventually, there will be fifty books, too. I'm pleased to say that David is still going full steam ahead. Indeed, so far the books on Nevada, Arizona, Alaska, and Indiana are already in print. All of this brings me to the very latest one in the series. It tackles the many and varied monsters of North Carolina. You may not be surprised there are many of those monsters! With that all said, now its time to dig deep into the pages of Monsters of the Tar Heel State. First, I have to say that the book has an excellent, atmospheric cover, thanks to Sam Shearon, and an excellent foreword from Joshua P. Warren. The creatures (or, rather, the "cryptids" as some monster-hunters prefer to call them) are split into various groups. There are creatures of the water, "swamp monsters," wild men and Bigfoot, and much more. Now, let's begin.
The book begins with a fascinating chapter on what we might accurately term "out of place" animals. As David states: "North Carolina has a long history of exotic cat reports from purported extinct cougars to the officially non-existent black panthers. News stories dating back to the 1800s show that a wide range of felines, weird canids and other assorted varmints have tromped through the state over the years." Nothing less than tigers were seen in both Iredell and Tyrrell Counties in 1890. Having scoured old newspapers, David came across a report from 1932 of a "wild hyena-like animal" in the town of Marion, which makes for fascinating reading. At least some of these reports were likely due to people who bought exotic cats that grew and grew, and to the point where the animals managed to escape from their homes and headed off into the wilds.
Then, there's the "demon dog" of Valle Crucis, a huge black hound. In this case, we may be talking about a creature of supernatural proportions. An eerie cemetery, a full moon, and an old church are just a few of the ingredients in this particular story. Such creatures are known as "Phantom Black Dogs." David provides us with solid background information on the PBDs, and he details the extent to which such things instill terror in people. Moving on, there's the matter of the "Beast of Bladenboro," a beast that, in the early 1950s, provoked terror around town. It puzzled people, too, as it was difficult to figure out if the animal was a large cat or a huge dog. The lines, clearly, were blurred. It's a case that is still legendary in the area to this day.
Of course, no book on strange creatures in the United States should omit Bigfoot. And, David most assuredly doesn't. We get to learn not just of the local Bigfoot creatures, but of so-called "Wild Men" too. As David shows: "Wild man stories turn up early in North Carolina. An account published in the Annapolis, Maryland, Gazette on June 27, 1793, recounts reports from a man on the South Fork of the Saluda River about an 'extraordinary animal.'" Staff at the Gazette wrote: "The animal is between twelve and fifteen feet high, and in shape resembling a human being, except the head, which is in equal proportion to its body, and draws in somewhat like a terrapin." An undeniably weird thing, to say the least. For those who are interested in Bigfoot reports of times long gone, David has an entire chapter titled "Early Bigfoot Encounters." And, it's followed by a chapter titled "Modern Sightings: 1980s & 1990s."
Now, we come to monsters of the waters. That's right: we're talking about North Carolina's equivalents of the Loch Ness Monster. David says: "Six miles above Warm Springs, on the French Broad river in Madison County, is a spot that was known to the natives as the 'Dakwa Place.' A dakwa, or monster fish, was said to have lived in the water at this location." There's this from David, too: "Numerous spots in Swain County bear names related to the uktena, the great serpent of the Cherokee. David spends a great amount of time looking at the legends of the water-based monsters of North Carolina and digging out some fascinating stories. Add to that the Wampus Cat, the Monkey-Dog, the Cameron Village Sewer Blob, swamp monsters, the Lake Norman Monster, and even mermaids, and what you have is a fascinating book that makes it very clear just how intriguing and mysterious North Carolina is. | <urn:uuid:c51676e0-0a43-4911-b8ee-54f8ae634847> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mysteriousuniverse.org/2021/06/monsters-of-north-carolina-bigfoot-wild-men-lake-beasts-and-more/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.966664 | 1,073 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Russia’s Repeat Failures
Moscow’s New Strategy in Ukraine Is Just as Bad as the Old One
I was an immigrant before my first birthday. We left Iran in 1975 for Peoria, Illinois, home of Caterpillar; my father transferred there from the company’s Tehran branch. The Iranian Revolution began in 1978, while my family was on our first return visit, our last shared visit, to the country of my birth. I was four years old. Several months later came the hostage crisis at the U.S. embassy. Both events chased us to the other side of the world.
The revolution cleaved our lives into before and after, into happy and unhappy days. Iran transformed from an exotic and ancient civilization into something ominous. Growing up in the United States required a new durability, a thicker skin to tolerate the demonization of Iranians as religious fanatics, our reputations put at risk by the crowds on the other side of the world chanting “Death to America.” Who I would be now depended on what Iran had become. I became an ambassador from a country I did not know. Invited to comment by my teachers at school, I offered the standard replies: the shah was good, Khomeini was bad. Or was it the other way around?
Revolution had different consequences for the grownups. My parents were part of a community of new Americans in Peoria. The group was an eclectic Midwestern congregation of Jewish, Baha’i, and Shiite Iranians who had found each other in the United States in the mid-1970s, early arrivals before the flood that would follow the revolution in 1979. The United States brought these immigrants together in ways hard to imagine happening back in Iran: laborers who worked on the Caterpillar assembly floor mixed with doctors and students from the local college, Bradley University; homemakers chatted politics with engineers. Almost every week, the group met for picnics and parties, at a different home each time. Under clouds of secondhand smoke and gossip, over plates of gheimeh and ghormeh sabzi, they danced, debated, and held off the loneliness.
The revolution brought those days to an end. Over shortwave radio during a dinner party one night, the group learned that Iran had become the Islamic Republic. The host, Teamsar, a former general in the Imperial Army (his name was his rank) and an ardent supporter of the shah, stood up to tear down the gilded portrait of the shah that had been a permanent fixture in his home. He smashed the gold frame on the floor, sending the shattered Aryamehr, Bozorg Arteshtaran, in jagged shards across the room. Teamsar shouted, “Marg bar shah! Marg bar shah!,” the same slogan chanted that night all across Iran: “Death to the shah!”
That was the last good night. Over the next few months, the gatherings became less frequent, then stopped. Old friends silently accused one another of working for the new regime, or worse, for the Americans. Small suspicions accumulated until they became impossible to overcome, until the group fell apart.
In the years that followed, I gathered the stories my parents and their friends left behind. I reached into my parents’ memories and made their past my own. Like so many overseas children of the revolution, I fostered an affection for a country that no longer existed: Laleh-Zar Street, late-night cabarets, weekend trips to shomal and the Caspian coast. I remembered the lost glamour of American actors on tour—Gregory Peck in Tehran, Elizabeth Taylor in Shiraz and Isfahan—a romanticized life of abundance without war or inflation or the sacrifice of blessed martyrs.
Why did I feel such nostalgia for days neither lived nor seen? I held onto the memories of others in the mistaken belief that if things went back to how they were before the revolution, I would be accepted. I longed for Iran because I wanted to become American.
“The United States,” the political theorist Michael Walzer writes in What It Means to Be an American, “isn’t a ‘homeland’ ” but “a country of immigrants who, however grateful they are for this new place, still remember the old places.” To be American is to remember being something other than American. Lacking access to a fatherland over here, we keep close the land over there. How and how much one remembers the past, Walzer cautions, must remain a personal matter, a choice, not an obligation, passed down the generations. Being American means being able to forget.
What happens when we’re prevented from forgetting? Iranians have not been able to become Americans in the usual ways. To be Iranian-American is to be reminded, constantly, of imminent war, of the circumstances of your arrival, of your estrangement from both sides of the hyphen. Forty years of cold war between the United States and Iran has meant that the Iranian diaspora in the United States isn’t just another assimilating minority population, afflicted by occasional bouts of cultural prejudice. Rather, Iranian-Americans are trapped in a geopolitical vise because of the seemingly intractable conflict between the two governments. Layered on top of this hostility are the varying degrees of trauma experienced by different waves of Iranian immigrants over the years. Those differences in experience make unifying the diaspora even harder.
At first, immigration from Iran to the United States was no more than a trickle. Modern Iran was not an emigrant country before 1979. With rare exceptions, Iranians who came to the United States during the 1960s and 1970s didn’t come to stay but to take education (or profit) back home to Iran. A U.S. degree was peerless back home, and for the poorly connected or the working poor, it provided the most potent means of securing a comfortable future. Even if they opposed the shah, as so many did, they planned to go back. The revolution ended those plans.
After the trickle came the wave. In the first major exodus of Iranians, in the 1980s, people fled the turn to political Islam, the growing violence, and the war with Iraq. The monarchists left first, soon followed by their erstwhile enemies, the liberals and the leftists, the partners abandoned by Ayatollah Khomeini, devoured by the revolution. They all came to wait history out, convinced that the revolution and its regime would not last. Many arrived on tourist or student visas, while others sought and received asylum until things settled down at home. In time, they remained, resigned to their fate. The Islamic Republic did not collapse as planned. Without intending to, and with the help of a general amnesty granted by the U.S. Congress and the Reagan administration, in 1986, they became Americans.
That path was not open to the Iranians who left during the brutal repression of the student movement in the late 1990s, or those who came to the United States ten years later because of the corruption and violence of Iran under President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. These newest arrivals were the native born, the nasl-e sevom, or “third generation” children of the revolution. They had seen the Iran-Iraq War and grown up entirely under the banner of the Islamic Republic. They tended to be the ones who didn’t quite fit in back home, the Westernized kids who refused the official rituals at school and dispensed with the correct revolutionary vocabulary or performing their piety in public. Resistance to official Islam did not necessarily mean rejecting religious life. Many who left in the second and third decades of the revolution were practicing Muslims, just not in the manner expected by the nezam (the system).
Coming to the United States turned that sequence of identities—dissenters first, Muslims second—on its head. Whereas the Iranian government viewed them as a security threat for failing to be “good” Muslims, the U.S. government could not see them as anything but Muslims. Their presence alone was a threat to the system. Locked into a post-9/11 immigration system that injected bureaucratic fear and uncertainty into their daily lives, this last wave of immigrants received conditional passage to the United States, their status predicated on the vagaries of the lottery and the follow-up interview.
Although these three immigrant waves share the exhausting experience of hailing from a “rogue nation,” their divergent beginnings deny them a common framework around which they might unify. The greatest fault line separating the generations is the question of what to do about the situation in Iran. Many of the Iranians who came to the United States around the time of the revolution are inclined to dismiss reform of the Islamic Republic out of hand. They fail to see much difference between “good” and “bad” clerics or any purpose in discerning the democratic potential in Iranian institutions, much less the latest electoral strategy of the country’s reformists. Frozen in the amber of their disappointment, they condemn the Islamic Republic as a system in constant disorder, ruled by irredeemable ideologues.
By contrast, immigrants who grew up in postrevolutionary Iran tend to be more sympathetic to political engagement with the existing system, however flawed that system is. Their starting point, different from that of the older generations, is the constitution, the revolution, and, above all, the war with Iraq and the war in Syria. Even those who were in the opposition retain a formidable sense of civic duty and what the sociologist Kevan Harris describes as a “ruthless pragmatism” in regard to Iran’s future. Almost uniformly, they reject a politics of revolution, foreign intervention, and royal restoration. Better to work with a flawed regime than with a failed state.
That the first to arrive after the revolution were the pioneers who struggled to secure the benefits enjoyed by the subsequent generations has become integral to the story Iranians tell themselves about how they became successful Americans. Most in this cohort responded to the trauma of the revolution by choosing discretion over confrontation, steering clear of politics in favor of pursuing economic success. If some overcompensated in the pursuit of wealth and profit, it was, in part, to prove their fidelity to the United States.
The first wave also carried with them the old class and ethnic divisions from Iran. Yet those prejudices are changing, thanks to Iranians who grew up in the United States as the children of immigrants. In the United States, hardly anyone knows, much less cares, what your father does for a living, whether a last name is Persian, Armenian, or Jewish, or whether from a powerful family or an obscure one. Azadan, Hakopian, Elghanian, and Farmanfarmaian—all are unpronounceable in the same way. If Iran shapes how Iranians become Americans, then America offers them new possibilities for defining what it means to be Iranian.
In a wonderfully reported piece in the Los Angeles Times on the history of the Iranian diaspora in “Tehrangeles,” Melissa Etehad quotes longtime resident and dual citizen Sadra Ford: “I wish I could go back to Iran and see my real identity.” The sentiment, I suspect, has it exactly backward. Our truer selves are made here, by the second and third generations, the native-born Americans who have the ability and the desire to go beyond forgetting and remembering in order to imagine new communities and new memories. We become better Iranians by becoming Americans. America gives us that.
Being American means being able to choose to forget where we came from. Yet Iranians in the United States are put at risk of losing their status as Americans by the absence of forgetting, by the work of remembrance done by journalists and filmmakers. So long as the news provides daily reminders of Iranian-backed Shiite militias and Iran as a state sponsor of terrorism, so long as there are films about mothers without daughters, the status of Iranians as Americans will be held in perpetual abeyance, and their fate in the United States will not be their own.
The good news is that civil action in Iran continues to dictate the fate of Iranians in the United States. The rise of an oppositional student movement in Iran in the late 1990s introduced new possibilities to the existing script, stacked as it was with ayatollahs and swarthy fanatics, later revised further when protests reached out beyond the campus dorm rooms to include the broader public at the voting booth.
The failed presidential campaign of Mir Hossein Mousavi and the subsequent Green Movement, in 2009, proved to a turning point. A single summer of protest transformed ordinary Iranians into heroes in the eyes of Westerners, fit to be fêted on concert stages by the likes of U2 and Bon Jovi. Images of Iranian protestors marching by the millions, demanding that their votes be counted—and being arrested, beaten, or worse for doing so—made it possible for Americans to imagine themselves in the Iranian narrative. Suddenly, the Iranian diaspora were fellow travelers in a civilizational struggle for democracy.
Iranians in the United States had for years been defined by tropes and assumptions formed in the 1980s. Now they found themselves in new roles, pulled between the peculiar binary of an emerging, freer Iran and an Iran conventionally imagined as unmitigated evil, a regime wrapped in veils of theocracy and revolutionary protest, implacable in its hostility to the United States.
How might we as Americans begin to forget a country that no longer exists? We start by paying attention. Iran today is hardly the country it was even ten years ago, much less 40. Its leaders have not succeeded in preserving the revolution as originally conceived by Khomeini, in part because they never fully determined which parts were worth saving. State and society have changed dramatically since 1979, lately at a dizzying rate. Yet the possibility that politics has a present tense in Iran, that civil action and protest have appeared because of, not despite, Iran’s political development these past 40 years, remains outside of conventional discussion in the United States.
U.S. leaders routinely celebrate the people of Iran for their ancient culture and contributions to world civilization and for their youth and talents, their yearning to be free. That is how the current regime in Washington is able to proclaim that the United States stands with the Iranian people even as it promotes crippling economic sanctions that will hasten the end of the Islamic Republic, as Vice President Mike Pence did earlier this year in Warsaw, when he called on European countries to “bring the economic and diplomatic pressure necessary to bring the Iranian people … the peace, the security, and freedom they deserve.” That the audience met Pence’s comments with uncomfortable silence seemed not to matter to an administration wrapped in its own certitude.
In spite of the Trump administration’s confidence in its strategy toward Iran, reports of the Islamic Republic’s imminent demise continue to be premature, just as they were last year, just as they were in the immediate aftermath of 1979. Political dissent in Iran is not an all-or-nothing proposition—not yet, at least. As the historian Ali Ansari recently noted, perhaps the greatest trauma of 1979 was the idea of revolution itself. Iranians steadfastly reject all future revolutions as simply not worth the cost. The widespread protests that gripped the country at the beginning of last year represented the revolution’s latter-day expression, not its demise, demonstrations made from below as politics by other means and alarming to the authorities at the top precisely because the marchers’ demands were so familiar.
Americans’ understanding of Iran remains stuck in the past; the authorities in Iran have the opposite problem. How does Iran remember a revolution that most of its population did not experience?
Remembering starts on television and in the streets, in the repeat performance of Khomeini’s arrival from exile every year on February 1, culminating ten days later with televised parades and mass rallies held across the country. State media broadcasts footage from the era, scenes and images unimaginable the rest of the year: men with Western ties and women without Islamic hijabs. Secular housewives march in the streets alongside hezbollahi students. U.S. President Jimmy Carter toasts the Iranian monarch in Tehran, and Ayatollah Khomeini meets with American journalists in France. Every year, the hapless shah comes back to life, resurrected by state media, only to be chased out of the country once again.
Those same sacred memories are rehearsed and reproduced in the classroom. First graders receive their first rites in political Islam near the end of the school year, in the closing pages of their Farsi primers. The story of Khomeini’s return is taught as a memory, and includes an image of uniformed children adorned with paper hearts bearing a picture of the late leader. The children are met with an approaching airplane showering daisies from its undercarriage over the countryside below, the timeless Persian obsession with flowers unchanged by revolution. Their eyes turn skyward to a plane that circles but never lands, promises from a future that never arrives. | <urn:uuid:8937fda3-d1ae-4cb3-9dd4-f760e8565a67> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.foreignaffairs.com/iran/what-it-means-be-iranian-america | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.965625 | 3,563 | 1.664063 | 2 |
There are some dangers of mixing drugs with alcohol. OxyContin is particularly dangerous due to complications from overdose which include slowed breathing and heart rate. Learn what happens in the body when the two drugs are combined and possible other side effects to taking the two together.
Effects of OxyContin and Alcohol
OxyContin is a powerful prescription painkiller. The main ingredient is oxycodone, an opiate. OxyContin can cause feelings of euphoria, especially when taken in larger amounts than prescribed. Some people mix Oxys with alcohol to intensify pleasurable effects. Alcohol has a chemical reaction with OxyContin in the body. Two chemicals have an additive effect when combined. The effects end up being stronger when mixed together which can cause an accidental overdose. Some people who experience the effects include the following issues:
- Dream-like state
- Wandering mind
Dangers of Mixing
Taking alcohol and OxyContin together may result in serious adverse reactions, even death. The additive effect can result in the following:
- Loss of consciousness
- Shallow breathing
- Slowed heart rate
OxyContin is more dangerous when mixed with alcohol but reverse is also true. The alcohol’s sedative effects will be heightened when mixed with any narcotic. Drinking and using OxyContin can cause trouble concentrating and difficulty with coordination. Alcohol tolerance may be lower than normal which can lead to alcohol poisoning. It is important to be aware of alcohol intoxication as well as other signs of issues with adding the two substances together.
Abusing OxyContin by taking more than the normal dose by chewing, injecting or snorting the drug can cause overdose or death. The risk increases with alcohol added to the mix. Despite dangers. The drug is often mixed with alcohol anyways. Even normal doses combined with alcohol may slow or stop breathing completely. The only way to avoid this is to not drink at all while using the drug. It is not safe to drink while using this drug.
Sustain Recovery is a support system for individuals with addiction. It is a place of safety and community to come and get away for a time and focus on recovery. If you or a loved one are struggling with addiction we are here to help you cope in a positive, empowering way. | <urn:uuid:609f5f58-fb11-43cc-a57c-0b5f406beee2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sustainrecovery.com/dangers-of-mixing-oxycontin-with-alcohol/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.945339 | 480 | 2.234375 | 2 |
When the sculpture “Cupid’s Span” made its debut in Rincon Park on the Embarcadero in November 2002, I was ecstatic. Famed pop artist Claes Oldenburg and his wife and artistic partner Coosje van Bruggen’s 60-foot-tall fiberglass and steel bow and arrow dotted where the city meets the water in a way that felt both joyous and loving.
The visual pun, the idea that the mythical love god Cupid left his signature tool in San Francisco, as so many people have left their hearts, was cheerful, and the golden curves of the bow and the Valentine’s Day cartoon character of the arrow had one amusing elegance. The work was so accessible that even as an 18-year-old college student, I “got” it when I first saw the sculpture while vacationing from the East Coast. Maybe that was one of the reasons I adored it; I had also left a significant part of myself in San Francisco.
The triangular arc of the chord at the bow was intended to refer to the suspension cables of the Bay Bridge beyond; The articulation of the feathers at the end of the arrow moves in the wind and reacts to the environment. The arch and cord frame views of the bay and bridge on one side and the Financial District on the other, perfect for a city obsessed with its views.
It was another of Oldenburg’s standard works and the one that immediately came to mind when the 93-year-old artist died on July 18. It explained both his brilliant ability to re-contextualize objects and why Pop Art was so successful as a movement. Most people have seen a bow and arrow, a safety pin, an apple core, or the letter “q”—to name just a few of the artist’s most iconic works in the Bay Area. Oldenburg, like Marcel Duchamp before him, used our familiarity with these objects to twist and confound our perception, while at the same time seemingly celebrating their forms but approaching them with skepticism, a la Andy Warhol. But there was a lightness in Oldenburg’s work that was entirely his own.
“No viewer of American pop art has ever felt compelled to have an intellectual framework to explain it,” said Timothy Anglin Burgard, senior curator and executive curator of American art at the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco. “But what is often overlooked in pop art is that (although) it is accessible at a surface level, when artists like the Oldenburgs enlarge these objects to this monumental scale for site-specific projects, it becomes their own interpretation of the object. “
Burgard added, “Especially since Oldenburg is Swedish and originally grew up in another country, there is an anthropological element of an outsider’s perspective and an aspect of criticism of post-war American life and consumerism.”
When “Cupid’s Span” was unveiled, The Chronicle recorded “strong reactions — positive, negative, and questioning,” including people loving it, others confused as to what the object was (one person speculated “a creature” and “a flower”. ). They just thought it was “stupid”.
In their own explanation of the work, the artists said the choice of bow and arrow was “inspired by San Francisco’s reputation as the home port of Eros” and “the mythological account of Eros shooting his arrow into the earth to make it fertile . And by placing the arrowhead down, The Chronicle noted, it was also essentially disarmed.
The late Gap founder Donald Fisher, who along with his wife Doris was the sculpture’s main patron, told The Chronicle that he thought the work would “become an icon in the city. It will be photographed beautifully.”
When I visited Cupid’s Span after the news of Oldenburg’s death, there were the expected tourists taking selfies, but it also became clear how integrated the sculpture and park are into people’s lives. People with dogs gathered on the lawn; they used seating near the sculpture; they also just stood there and looked at this absurd image of an oversized, archaic object that was partially buried as if it had fallen from an animated sky.
The placement of the works transforms the park into a uniquely magical setting. I’ve seen people taking wedding photos there in baggy dresses and tuxedos. I once watched a giggling child slide down the bow before the low barrier was erected, a “Visit San Francisco” commercial if I’d ever seen one. I remember walking home from a disappointing date once and as I strolled past this illuminated emblem of love I thought, “Eat your heart out, Carrie Bradshaw from ‘Sex and the City’ – this is a moment of visual irony, only found in San Francisco. ”
Cupid’s Span isn’t the only work by Oldenburg and van Bruggen to be seen in the Bay Area. The de Young commissioned Corridor Pin, Blue for the Osher Sculpture Garden, one of many Oldenburg works in his collection. The work’s placement above the garden path, with the angle of the pointed end reflecting the shape of the building, was intentional, Burgard said, and I’ve always enjoyed the ridiculousness of this gravity-defying position. Oldenburg’s “Funeral Heart” sculpture from 1961 can be seen on the second floor of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. “Geometric Apple Core” was seen until recently.
“By taking the everyday object to a higher level, Claes Oldenburg inspired us to take a closer look at the world around us,” said Janet Bishop, the museum’s chief curator and curator of painting and sculpture. She called his works, including the more than 20 in the SFMOMA collection, “lasting reminders of his playful and distinctive practice.”
The Cantor Art Center at Stanford University also owns several works by the artist, with 1977’s “Soft Inverted Q” being one of the most famous.
What has always succeeded for me in “Cupid’s Span” and the other works of Oldenburg is both their surreality and their sheer amusement. How often can we truly enjoy our world? Especially in public art, this is not a quality we should appreciate.
Burgard summed up the artist’s ethos best: “By enlarging and elevating everyday objects into the poetic realm of fine art sculpture, it dissolves the barriers of art and life.” | <urn:uuid:01637d31-6960-480d-b6e3-168588b82eaa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://candlemadeeasy.com/2022/07/21/cupids-span-in-s-f-reveals-what-claes-oldenburgs-pop-art-was-all-about/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.971292 | 1,408 | 1.820313 | 2 |
April is traditionally recognized as Autism Awareness Month and April 2 as World or International Autism Awareness Day.
These awareness campaigns are supported and driven by Autism Speaks and their “light it up blue” drives.
Many people will likely be surprised that there isn’t universal support for the “light it up blue” campaign of Autism Speaks to “shine a light on autism” on World Autism Awareness Day. Instead, in addition to the many people who think that April should be more about Autism Acceptance and less about autism awareness, there are many people who think that “Autism Speaks’ statements and actions do damage to that work and to the lives of autistic people and those with other disabilities” because they don’t listen to #AcuallyAutistic people and historically:
- have not included an autistic person among their senior leadership
- have advocated anti-vaccine ideas
- use a very small amount of their budget to directly help autistic people pay for the services and supports that they need
Instead of Autism Speaks, the Thinking Person’s Guide to Autism suggests that people look for an autism group that focuses on support (not a cure), evidence based interventions, inclusiveness, and advocacy for the human and civil rights of all autistic people. And that the focus move to acceptance.
Autism Advocacy Groups
As everyone becomes more aware of autism, they are also becoming more aware of the differences in all of the autism organizations out there. And that some provide bad autism information.
Consider the Chili’s public relations blunder, in which they were planning to donate 10% of sales on April 7, 2014 to the National Autism Association, an anti-vaccine autism organization. That situation highlighted how important it is to know the organization you are supporting and or visiting information and advice.
The organization in question, in addition to promoting unproven autism treatments, like chelation, clearly states that they believe that “vaccinations can trigger or exacerbate autism in some, if not many, children, especially those who are genetically predisposed to immune, autoimmune or inflammatory conditions.” They also state that “research to investigate, and reduce, adverse events in immunized individuals is currently nonexistent.”
The National Autism Association is the same organization that used anti-vaccine talking points to attack Dr. Paul Offit and his appearance on Dateline in an appearance with Matt Lauer that was critical of Andrew Wakefield. And it is the same organization that has tried to defend Andrew Wakefield’s fraud.
While many other autism organizations have distanced themselves from the idea that vaccines cause autism, this group is pressing on with the idea.
Why is that a problem? Keeping the focus on vaccines, after so many studies have shown that there is no link between vaccines and autism, diverts resources away from services and support for children and autistic adults.
Especially with the rise in vaccine-preventable diseases, including large measles outbreaks, it is very disappointing that Chili’s chose this organization to support.
Do you know how to find a reputable autism group that provides good autism information.
Reputable Autism Groups and Organizations
Among the most reputable autism groups and organization are the:
- Autistic Self-Advocacy Network (ASAN) – Our projects seek to improve public understanding of autism, to involve the Autistic community in research that is relevant to the community’s needs, to empower Autistic people to take leading roles in advocacy, and to promote inclusion and self-determination.
- Autism Society of America – Founded in 1965, the Autism Society helps over a million people each year through a grassroots nationwide network of local and state affiliates.
- Autism Women’s Network (AWN) – a supportive community for Autistic women of all ages, our families, friends and allies.
- National Autistic Society – the leading UK charity for autistic people (including those with Asperger syndrome) and their families.
- The Global and Regional Asperger Syndrome Partnership (GRASP) – works to improve and enrich the lives of adolescents and adults on the autism spectrum, and their families through, community advocacy & outreach, education, peer supports, programming and services.
- The Arc and autism NOW – provides high quality resources and information in core areas across the lifespan to individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and other developmental disabilities, their families, caregivers, and professional in the field.
- Autism Science Foundation – supports autism research by providing funding and other assistance to scientists and organizations conducting, facilitating, publicizing and disseminating autism research.
- Autistica – funds and campaigns for medical research to understand the causes of autism, improve diagnosis, and develop new treatments and interventions
- NOS Magazine – a news and commentary source for thought and analysis about neurodiversity culture and representation.
- Golden Hat Foundation – changing the way people on the autism spectrum are perceived, by shining a light on their abilities and emphasizing their great potential.
- Simons Foundation Autism Research Foundation (SFARI) – sponsors research that promises to increase our scientific understanding of autism spectrum disorders, thereby benefiting individuals and families challenged by these disorders
- Academic Autistic Spectrum Partnership In Research and Education (AASPIRE) – brings together the academic community and the autistic community to develop and perform research projects relevant to the needs of adults on the autism spectrum.
Are you still going to “light it up blue?”
How about checking out these other autism groups instead and learn more about autism acceptance. You might also be interested in these blogs by autistic people.
Last Updated on September 20, 2018 by Vincent Iannelli, MD | <urn:uuid:445cb552-d4b9-465c-83a8-307756c0dbd6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://keepkidshealthy.com/2017/04/02/autism-acceptance-vs-autism-awareness/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.95169 | 1,173 | 2.6875 | 3 |
How to acknowledge sources in your work
Microsoft Word, from Word 2007 on, has a tool for creating citations and a bibliography. You can use this to add references into your documents by entering details about them manually.
Using the Microsoft Word tool. There are detailed instructions from Microsoft at this link or watch the instruction video here. | <urn:uuid:0c8e4447-0b56-4c77-8a91-82897792e7f5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.andrewx.com/webtools/page137.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.907183 | 67 | 2.375 | 2 |
Providence Community Care Center in Olympia, Washington
For the more than 800 people experiencing homelessness in and around Olympia, Washington, meeting basic human needs like shelter, food and health care can be challenging.
The staff at the Providence Community Care Center recognize that the first steps are to meet individuals where they are and tell them about available resources. When guests like Liz arrive at the center, they are immediately offered a cup of coffee, hygiene services and a place to store their belongings.
Liz was born and raised in Olympia and has watched it change over the years. Her most recent perspective comes from living unsheltered off and on since 2013. But after visiting PCCC, she says: “This is what the homeless needed, the Community Care Center – people who actually care about them and who are willing to be there help them.”
Numerous nonprofit organizations and government agencies in the Olympia area offer vital support and resources, often focusing on just one of these needs. But when a person lacks reliable transportation or is suffering from mental health issues, navigating the maze of community resources can be overwhelming, often leading them to seek care through the emergency department or ending up in law enforcement custody.
These short-term solutions take an emotional and financial toll on the community and only perpetuate an ineffective cycle.
Through sustained coordination to reach a unified vision and build trust, Providence Health & Services in Southwest Washington came together with local organizations and agencies to form the center in 2017. The PCCC is based on an innovative model of deep community partnerships and collaboration, and is building the infrastructure for long-term program success while serving the community’s most vulnerable people.
Michelle James, Providence Southwest chief nursing officer, is proud of the community partnerships that have empowered the center to make a significant impact. She says: “The center would not be possible without the alliance of so many committed organizations and the generous community donors who supported and funded the concept.”
PCCC is a central hub for people who lack a stable home to request housing and hygiene services, primary care, mental health services and substance use treatment. It provides integrated care for in a safe and secure environment.
Beyond the immediate point of entry, guests stay in constant contact with health professionals, counselors and community organizers who help them safely and comfortably find available services while also building trusting relationships.
Brandee, a Providence mental health provider at PCCC, believes this tactic is what makes the center so effective. “What I would say is amazing about the model here is our approach,” she reflects. “We all just kind of wrap around someone to ensure that they are safe.”
Since its opening, the center has seen more than 57,000 guests walk through its doors, averaging 150 guests per day. A total of 352 people have been placed into housing, 15,691 showers have been taken, and 3,774 loads of laundry have been washed.
This, according to Liz, is exactly what Olympia needed: “This is my hometown, and I’ve seen a lot of changes, and honestly, with the Community Care Center, this was a good change.”
Learn more about the Providence Community Care Center and its partners. | <urn:uuid:7b0d9652-5fe8-46dd-a8c0-37d596284797> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.providence.org/blog-2/a-new-approach-to-serving-olympia-s-homeless | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.962745 | 661 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Anderson, E. (1999). Code of the street. New York: Norton.
Bankston, C. L., III. (1998). Youth gangs and the new second generation: A review essay. Aggression and Violent Behavior,
Bellair, P. E. (2000). Informal surveillance and street crime: A complex relationship. Criminology,
Blau, P. M., & Schwartz, J. E. (1984). Crosscutting social circles. Orlando, FL: Academic.
Bursik, R. J. (1988). Social disorganization: Problems and prospects. Criminology, 26, 519–551.
Byrne, J. M., & Sampson, R. J. (1986). The social ecology of crime. New York: Springer Verlag.
Chamlin, M. B. (1989). A macro social analysis of the change in robbery and homicide rates: Controlling for static and dynamic effects. Sociological Focus, 22, 275–286.
Cohen, A. K. (1955). Delinquent boys. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95–120.
Elliott, D. S., Wilson, W. J., Huizinga, D., Sampson, R. J., Elliott, A., & Rankin, B. (1996). The effects of neighborhood disadvantage on adolescent development. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 33, 389–426.
Fagan, J., & Wilkinson, D. (1998). Guns, youth violence, and social identity in inner cities. In M. Tonry & M. Moore (Eds.), Crime and justice, Volume 24 (pp. 105–188). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Gans, H. (1968). The balanced community: Homogeneity or heterogeneity in residential areas? In H. Gans (Ed.), People and plans: Essays on urban problems and solutions (pp. 161–181). New York: Basic Books.
Greenberg, S., Rohe, W. M., & Williams, J. R. (1982). Safe and secure neighborhoods: Physical characteristics and informal territorial control in high and low crime neighborhoods. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Justice.
Horowitz, R. (1983). Honor and the American dream: Culture and identity in a Chicano community. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Kornhauser, R. D. (1978). Social sources of delinquency. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kubrin, C. E. (2000). Racial heterogeneity and crime: Measuring static and dynamic effects. In D. A. Chekki (Ed.), Community structure and dynamics at the dawn of the new millennium (pp. 189–218). Stamford, CO: JAI Press.
Kubrin, C. E., & Weitzer, R. (2003a). New directions in social disorganization theory. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 40, 374–402.
Kubrin, C. E., & Weitzer, R. (2003b). Retaliatory homicide: Concentrated disadvantage and neighborhood culture. Social Problems, 50, 157–180.
Kubrin, C. E., Stucky, T. D., & Krohn, M. D. (2008). Researching theories of crime and deviance. New York: Oxford University Press.
Lee, M. T., & Martinez, R. (2006). Immigration and Asian homicide patterns in urban and suburban San Diego. In R. Martinez & A. Valenzuela (Eds.), Immigration and crime: Race, ethnicity, and violence (pp. 90–116). New York: New York University Press.
Lee, M. T., & Martinez, R. (2002). Social disorganization revisited: Mapping the recent immigration and black homicide relationship in northern Miami. Sociological Focus, 35, 363–380.
Lee, M. T., Martinez, R., & Rosenfeld, R. (2001). Does immigration increase homicide? Negative evidence from three border cities. Sociological Quarterly, 42, 559–580.
Martinez, R. (2006). Coming to America: The impact of the new immigration on crime. In R. Martinez Jr. & A. Valenzuela Jr. (Eds.), Immigration and crime: Race, ethnicity, and violence (pp. 1–19). New York: New York University Press.
Martinez, R., & Lee, M. T. (2000). On immigration and crime. Criminal justice 2000: Vol. 1. The nature of crime: Continuity and change (pp. 485–524). Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
Mears, D. P. (2002). Immigration and crime: What’s the connection? Federal Sentencing Reporter, 14, 284–288.
Miller, W. B. (1958). Lower class culture as a generating milieu for gang delinquency. Journal of Social Issues, 14, 5–19.
Park, R. E., & Burgess, E. W. (1925). The growth of the city: An introduction to a research project. In R. E. Park, E. W. Burgess, & R. D. McKenzie (Eds.), The city (Chapter 2). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Reid, L. W., Weiss, H. E., Adelman, R. M., & Jaret, C. (2005). The immigration-crime relationship: Evidence across US metropolitan areas. Social Science Research, 3, 757–780.
Sampson, R. J. (1987). Communities and crime. In M. R. Gottfredson & T. Hirschi (Eds.), Positive criminology (pp. 91–114). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Sampson, R. J., & Bartusch, D. J. (1998). Legal cynicism and (subcultural?) tolerance of deviance: The neighborhood context of racial differences. Law and Society Review, 32, 777–804.
Sampson, R. J. & Bean, L. (2006). Cultural mechanisms and killing fields: A revised theory of community-level racial inequality. In R. D. Peterson, L. J. Krivo, & J. Hagan (Eds.), The many colors of crime: Inequalities of race, ethnicity, and crime in America (pp. 8–36). New York: New York University Press.
Sampson, R. J., Groves, W. B. (1989). Community structure and crime: Testing social disorganization theory. American Journal of Sociology, 94, 774–802.
Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277, 918–924.
Shaw, C., & McKay, H. (1942). Juvenile delinquency in urban areas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Smith, D. A., & Jarjoura, R. G. (1988). Social structure and criminal victimization. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 25, 27–52.
Stark, R. (1987). Deviant places: A theory of the ecology of crime. Criminology,
Stewart, E. A., & Simons, R. L. (2006). Structure and culture in African-American adolescent violence: A partial test of the code of the street thesis. Justice Quarterly, 23, 1–33.
Taylor, R. B., & Covington, J. (1993). Community structural change and fear of crime. Social Problems, 40, 374–395.
Warner, B. D., & Pierce, G. L. (1993). Reexamining social disorganization theory using calls to the police as a measure of crime. Criminology, 31, 493–517.
Warner, B. D., & Rountree, P. W. (1997). Local social ties in a community and crime model: Questioning the systemic nature of informal social control. Social Problems, 44, 520–536.
Wolfgang, M. E., & Ferracuti, F. (1967). The subculture of violence: Towards and integrated theory in criminology. London: Tavistock. | <urn:uuid:74571aff-2969-4258-9aa0-1458b5960d7b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4419-0245-0_12?error=cookies_not_supported&code=49540920-064c-47b3-84eb-eae00bdb74db | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.740551 | 1,840 | 2.28125 | 2 |
President Obama’s surveillance task force will reportedly recommend that a civilian should direct the National Security Agency and that it should reform its mass data collection practices. An overview of the non-binding recommendations were described to The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, giving the eager public a glimpse of what might be in store.
Unfortunately, the headlines offer conflicting interpretations. If you bother reading multiple news outlets today, you’ll conclude that the president’s spying reform task group is going to recommend a “modest” but complete “overhaul” of the National Security Agency, and “continue” with mass data collection, but in a way that protects privacy.
Here’s what we know:
Last August, President Obama promised that a task force would review the NSA’s Internet and telephone spying practices. According to The Journal, the task force will make a few key suggestions:
1. Put a civilian in charge of the NSA. Right now, that position is held by the hawkish General Keith Alexander, who says there’s no other way to “connect the dots” on terrorist interactions than with vast spying. A civilian, in theory, might be more concerned with civil liberties.
Fox News confirmed today that the Obama administration does not plan on splitting the NSA director’s position into a separate Cyber Command unit; so if a civilian does get appointed, he or she will likely oversee the controversial spying program
2. Leave bulk collection to the telephone companies. Instead of warehousing call records in a military database, the panel will recommend that the telephone companies hold it for safe keeping. Now, since the NSA still needs a judge’s approval to query the information, we don’t know whether this would actually reduce the number of people surveilled
The Wall Street Journal writes that the task force report “aligns very closely” with a bill from House Judiciary member and co-author of the 9/11-era Patriot Act, James Sensenbrenner. Sensenbrenner has been on an NSA-reform tear, claiming that the spy agency is “criminal” and has supported big changes under the Freedom Act, including the end of bulk data collection.
The New York Times reports, however, that “a program to collect data on every phone call made in the United States should continue, though under broad new restraints that would be intended to increase privacy protections”.
There may be some nuanced recommendations to make these seemingly conflicting reports consistent. But until the actual recommendations are made public, we think it’s better that you read some other news. Or maybe this joke. | <urn:uuid:096c8fae-9c82-4dd0-be93-a4101a37fb3b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://techcrunch.com/2013/12/13/rumors-of-stuff-happening-obamas-nsa-task-force-may-recommend-meaningful-changes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.927176 | 552 | 1.625 | 2 |
Geoffrey Wilkinson and Platinum Metals Chemistry
Geoffrey Wilkinson and Platinum Metals Chemistry
At this time, the second anniversary of Geoffrey Wilkinson’s death on 26th September 1996, his work and influence on the development of inorganic chemistry and the chemistry of the platinum group metals are recalled by two of his former students and colleagues. Geoffrey Wilkinson’s early life and career, important areas of his platinum metals research and work leading to the award in 1973 of the Nobel Prize are surveyed. He is remembered by his relationship with Johnson Matthey, his work at Imperial College and by affectionate anecdotes from the laboratory.
Professor Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson, F.R.S. (or Geoff as he was always called by his students and colleagues) was one of the greatest international post-war inorganic chemists; he made remarkably original contributions to many areas of transition metal chemistry, especially homogeneous catalysis, organometallic and co-ordination chemistry. His research career, spanning some 54 years, involved well over half of the elements of the Periodic Table – he worked with almost every d -block transition metal, most of the lanthanides and some of the actinides and main group elements. Much of his work concerned the six platinum group metals, and indeed many of his most important discoveries involved them. Of his 557 publications (1), well over one third are concerned with the platinum metals.
The Johnson Matthey Connection
The platinum metals Geoff used were invariably supplied by Johnson Matthey through the loan scheme (inaugurated in 1955 by his great friend, the late Frank Lever). This scheme has done much to foster university research in platinum metals chemistry in the U.K. and overseas. Over the years Geoff developed a close connection with Johnson Matthey: not only were there the patents (involving for the most part his rhodium catalysts) and consultancy, but also he had many friends in the company – and some of his ex-students came to work for it. On his twice-yearly visits to the Technology Centre in Sonning Common he would always take a plastic shopping bag filled with platinum metals residues, garnered from his research group and from his colleagues – the used materials from the loan scheme.
On his retirement in 1988 to become Professor Emeritus, Johnson Matthey expressed their appreciation of this mutually productive relationship by providing Geoff with the spacious Johnson Matthey laboratory at Imperial College. Here he continued very productive work with a small, creative team to the day before his death.
In 1964 Geoffrey Wilkinson wrote an article for Platinum Metals Review on platinum group organometallic π-aromatic complexes (2). This article, however, preceded his important discoveries in the catalytic chemistry of these elements. As a fuller account of Geoff’s chemistry has already been published (1), this report will focus on his life and work with the platinum metals in the order of their interest to him, listing items published in Platinum Metals Review .
Early Life and Education
Geoffrey’s grandfather (also Geoffrey Wilkinson) came to Todmorden, a small ‘cotton town’ in the West Riding of Yorkshire, close to Lancashire, from the Yorkshire town of Boroughbridge. Geoffrey’s father, Harry, married Ruth Crowther, a weaver, and Geoffrey was born on 14th July, 1921, the first of three children, in the village of Springside on the outskirts of Todmorden.
In 1926 the family moved into Todmorden, which lies at the junction of three deep valleys in the heart of the Pennines, where the surrounding moors rise 1000 feet above the town. The present population of 13,000 is about half that before the decline of the cotton industry, but there is still a strong local pride and sense of community which Geoff shared all his life. His eyes would light up when he spoke of “Tod” or of the superb countryside close by. He often returned to the town to see friends and family, and enjoyed walking and climbing in the area, in the Lake District and the Yorkshire Dales.
Geoff’s interest in chemistry began early. At the age of six he was fascinated to see his father – a house painter and decorator – mixing his materials. His uncle managed a factory making Epsom and Glauber’s salts in Todmorden, and Geoff would recall how he loved to go on Saturday mornings to tinker in the small laboratory at the factory. Indeed, the family hoped that he would eventually become its manager. His parents, like most people at that time, had left full-time education by the age of 12 and they were determined that their children should be better taught. Geoff won a County Scholarship in 1931 to Todmorden Secondary School (later Todmorden High School). A remarkable number of its pupils later became famous, including Sir John Cockcroft, who worked with Rutherford at Cambridge and was to become, in 1951, the first of the school’s two Nobel Laureates. Geoff made exceptional progress and in 1939 won a Royal Scholarship to the Imperial College of Science and Technology, London University.
At Imperial his main subject was chemistry but he also studied geology as an ancillary subject, indeed in those early days he almost gave up chemistry in favour of geology. He graduated in 1941 with a first class honours B.Sc. degree, the top student of his year, and went on to do a Ph.D. under H. V. A. Briscoe (at that time the only Professor of Inorganic Chemistry in the country) on “Some Physico-chemical Observations on Hydrolysis in the Homogeneous Vapour Phase”. This rather Delphic title conceals the fact that the main substrate studied was phosgene (Geoff later remarked that Briscoe “directed his Ph.D. research from a safe distance”).
In 1942 he was selected by the Joint Recruiting Board as a scientific officer at the Atomic Energy project in Canada, and sailed to Halifax, Nova Scotia in January 1943. In Canada he worked at the University of Montreal and then at Chalk River, Ontario, on nuclear fission with many celebrated scientists – John Cockcroft (from his old school), Bertrand Goldschmidt, Charles Coryell, Alfred Maddocks (later to go to Cambridge), Jules Guéron and Pierre Auger being amongst them, and two scientists later convicted of being spies for the Soviet Union, Alan Nunn May and Bruno Pontecorvo.
After the war Geoff returned briefly to Britain and then went to the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, to work with Glenn T. Seaborg on the production of neutron-deficient isotopes of the transition elements and the lanthanides. It was said by Seaborg (and Geoff) that he made more artificial isotopes – eighty nine – than anyone has ever made. From this time he started to amass his vast knowledge of descriptive inorganic chemistry, since in those days it was essential for nuclear chemists to have a profound knowledge of the chemistry of the transition metals, the lanthanides and the actinides in order to devise appropriate means of separating and identifying the products of nuclear fission reactions. One of his nuclear transmutations was that of platinum into gold, which caught the public imagination after a report in 1948 in the ‘San Francisco Chronicle’ (“Scientist discovers gold mine in the cyclotron”).
In 1950 he went to M.I.T. and turned to coordination chemistry research. His first paper on this concerned the isolation of the unusual zerovalent complex, [Ni(PCl3)4] (3). In 1951 he was appointed Assistant Professor of Chemistry at Harvard, and it was here that he did the research on ferrocene and other cyclopentadienyl compounds which was to lay the cornerstone of his Nobel Prize. In 1976, after this award in 1973, he received his knighthood.
The Structure of Ferrocene and Early Platinum Metals Work
In 1951, the joint recognition by Wilkinson and R. B. Woodward of the unique “sandwich” structure of ferrocene (bis (cyclopentadienyl)iron, Cp2Fe) was perhaps the most crucial point in his career; it launched the new wave of ‘organo-transition metal chemistry’ which remains to this day. Twenty years later Geoff wrote a vivid personal account of the discovery (4). From 1952 to 1953 he made a number of other bis (cyclopentadienyl) complexes, including those of ruthenium, rhodium and iridium. During this period he used the fledgling technique of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to show that covalent metal hydrides (in this case Cp2ReH) gave high-field 1H NMR shifts. This was crucial to his later work on rhodium hydrido complexes and their catalytic properties.
Return to Imperial College
In 1955 Geoff was appointed to Briscoe’s old chair at Imperial College – still the only established chair of inorganic chemistry in Britain – and arrived there in January 1956. At 34 he was one of the youngest professors that the College has ever had, and here he did most of his platinum metals work. It is tempting to trace this profound interest in platinum metals chemistry to his wartime and early peacetime radiochemical work, when he had made new radioisotopes of rhodium and ruthenium. However, it is much more likely that his fascination with these metals derived from his early experience and knowledge of their general chemistry, and in particular with the remarkable versatility of oxidation state changes exhibited by the metals, later harnessed for his catalytic work.
Geoff once said that much of his chemistry concerned the ‘three Rs’ – rhodium, ruthenium and rhenium. At Berkeley, as part of his radiochemical work, he isolated the short-lived 106Rh, one of the many fission products of 235U, and in 1953 he made salts of the [Cp2Rh]+ cation. Then in 1961, in work that he himself carried out, he reacted cis -and trans -[RhCl2(en)2]+ with sodium borohydride in aqueous solution to give [RhHCl(en)2]+ (detected by the high-field shift of the hydridic proton by 1H NMR) (5). It was on this occasion that he rushed into the laboratory, demanded a Bunsen burner and a test tube, and returned later with the tube full of a foaming brown liquid which he brandished about, calling “Who wants a Ph.D?” This early work led to a paper on the isolation of [RhH2(en)2](BPh4), and the establishment of the reduction of quinone to quinol by hydride transfer from [RhH(trien)Cl]+. In collaboration with that wizard of platinum metals chemistry, A. R. Powell of Johnson Matthey, salts of [RhH(NH3)52+ and [RhH(H2O)(NH3)4]2+ were isolated; these materials were used to prepare hydrido complexes of ethylenediamine and propylenediamine (6).
Hydrogenation and Hydroformylation with Rhodium Complexes
Geoff’s work on this topic has revolutionised our view of homogeneous catalysis effected by transition metal complexes and constitutes some of his most celebrated work. It is well reviewed in articles by his graduate student, Fred Jardine, who was the first to isolate the compound RhCl(PPh3)3, universally known as Wilkinson’s catalyst (7).
In 1965 Geoff reported that catalytically small amounts of reducing agents (such as hypophosphorous acid, zinc amalgam and dihydrogen itself) would catalyse the otherwise slow substitution reactions of rhodium(III) complexes. He had earlier shown that RhCl3.nH2O would absorb dihydrogen and convert hex-l-ene to hexane, and in 1965 he found that fac- RhCl3(PPh3)3 would convert hex-l-ene to n- heptaldehyde, with dihydrogen and carbon monoxide under pressure at 55°C. However RhCl3(PPh3)3 is difficult to make, and it was during an attempt to make some that RhCl(PPh3)3 was produced. This compound was a much more effective catalyst for the hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes and also hydroformylated hex-l-yne to n -heptaldehyde and 2-methylhexaldehyde. RhCl(PPh3)3 was made from the surprisingly simple reaction between RhCl3.nH2O in ethanol with excess triphenylphosphine. It is described in a classic paper of 1966 (8).
Although RhCl(PPh3)3 is a hydrogenation catalyst (and subsequently chiral analogues were developed by others for asymmetric synthesis, for example for L-Dopa) Geoff later showed that it was not a hydroformylation catalyst, and that the compound responsible for the latter process was RhH(CO)(PPh3)3. Nowadays most of the butyraldehyde used for synthesis of bis (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, a plasticiser for PVC, uses RhH(CO)(PPh3)3 as the catalyst.
The early hydrogenation and hydroformylation work was documented in a short article in this journal exactly thirty years ago, with fuller papers in 1975 and 1988 (9). There is no doubt that this catalysis work, together with his work in so many other areas, contributed to his Nobel prize of 1973, though the citation was for “sandwich” compounds.
Other Work with Rhodium
One of Geoff’s major fascinations (foreshadowed in his only paper in this journal (2)) was with homoleptic alkyl and aryl complexes, mainly of the early transition metals. In 1968 he made [Rh(C2H5)(NH3)5]2+ and, much later, in 1988 and 1990, isolated salts of the remarkable methyl complex [Rh(CH3)6]3 and of the dimeric oxobridged neopentyl complex Rh2(μ-O)2[CH2C-(CH3)3]6, respectively. Another achievement was the synthesis in 1991 of Rh(mesityl)3, which has a pyramidal structure in the solid state.
Ruthenium he called “an element for the connoisseur”. Again his first approach to this metal was via its radiochemistry in his early work in Canada and the United States, followed by the preparation of ruthenocene Cp2Ru and the ruthenicinium [Cp2Ru]+ cation as a logical follow-up to his classic ferrocene paper.
In the 1960s he isolated a number of ruthenium(II) and (III) complexes of phosphines, arsines and stibines, including RuX2(LPh3)3 (X = CI, Br; L = P, Sb) and RuX3(LR3)2(CH3OH) (L = P, As). These were precursors for many other complexes with a wide variety of ligands, such as dithiocarbamates, amines, nitriles and carboxylates, and a number of them had useful catalytic activities. Another highlight was the isolation of the first paramagnetic second-row transition metal complexes, Ru2(OCOR)4Cl (R = Me, Et, n -Pr). A variety of carboxylato complexes of the form RuH(OCOCH3)(PPh3)3 were found to be efficient hydrogenation catalysts for alk-l-enes. A review of this and other work on ruthenium carboxylates has been described by Steve Robinson, one of his former students (10).
His later work with ruthenium was also very productive. In 1986 the novel aluminohydride complexes L3HRuAlH(μ-H)2AlH(μ-H)2RuHL3 (L = PMe3, PEtPh2, PPh3) were obtained from RuChL) and lithium aluminium hydride. In the mid-1980s he isolated the alkyl complexes Ru2(IV)(μ-O)2R6 (R = neopentyl, CH2SiMe3), the tetrahedral homoleptic RuR4 (R = o -CH3C6H4, mesityl), salts of [Ru(CH3)6]3, and some unusual ruthenium(IV) and (V) imido complexes. Alkyl complexes had become of increasing interest to him; in fact, his Nobel Prize award speech in 1973 was entitled “The long search for transition metal alkyls” (11) and in 1993 he wrote a review paper on the homoleptic alkyls and aryls of the platinum group metals (12).
Although he made ruthenocene and the ruthenicinium cation in 1952, soon after his ferrocene work, it was E. O. Fischer (with whom he shared the Nobel Prize) who first made osmocene, Cp2Os, in 1958. Geoff’s first paper at Imperial College concerned K[OsO3N], but apart from this he came to osmium chemistry relatively late in his research career.
In the 1980s he made the acetato complexes: [Os(OCOCH3),(PMe3)3]Cl,Os2(OCOCH3)4Cl(py), and sky-blue K[OsO2(OCOCH3)3].2CH3COOH3 the X-ray crystal structure of which was obtained in 1982. His most celebrated work with osmium however lay with the aryl and imido complexes-he liked to refer to such highly unusual species as “textbook cases”. He made the alkyl complexes Os(VI)O(CH2SiMe3)4 and also the dimeric neo-pentyl Os2(VI) (O2CCH3)2(CH2SiMe3)4. In 1984 the tetrakis phenyl complex Os(IV)Ph4 was isolated and in 1988, the tetrahedral complexes Os(IV)(2-CH3C6H4)4 and [Os(V)(2-CH3C6H4)4]+ were prepared. At that time, tetrahedral co-ordination was unprecedented for the tetra-or pentavalent oxidation states of second or third-row transition elements. For imido chemists, the ‘Holy Grail’ was the isolation of a homoleptic complex containing the =NR ligands, and in 1991 Geoff achieved this with the isolation and structural characterisation, by electron diffraction, of the tetrahedral tertbutylimido complex Os(IV)(NtBu)4.
Geoff did some work in the late 1960s on “iridium iodate” (13), but he then seems to have neglected the metal until 1989 when he isolated salts of [Ir(CH3)6]3-.
In 1991 he made the tetrahedral complexes Ir(IV)Rs4, where R is a sterically hindered aryl, such as 2-tolyl, 2,5-xylyl; and in 1992 he made Ir(mesityl)4. In the same year he made Ir(mesityl)3 which, like its rhodium analogue, has a pyramidal structure in the solid state. Also in 1992 he isolated Ir(mesityl)2(SEt2)2, a very rare example of a planar iridium(II) complex, by reaction of mer -IrCl3(SEt2)3 with the Grignard reagent Mg(mesityl)2(SEt2)2.
Palladium and Platinum Chemistry
Of the six platinum group metals, palladium and platinum received far less attention from Geoff than did the other four, perhaps because these elements are less versatile in their oxidation states and also, perhaps, because other well-known chemists in the country were doing much palladium and platinum work. But, between 1966 and 1970, he did show that the zerovalent complex Pt(PPh3)3 reacts with CS2 to give Pt(PPh3)2(CS2), while the reaction of Pt(PPh3)2(O2) with CO, CO2 and CS2 yielded Pt(PPh3)2(CO3), Pt(PPh3)2(CO4) (a peroxocarbonate) and Pt(PPh3)2(O2CS2), respectively.
Wilkinson the Man
For both of the authors of this article, Geoff was an academic supervisor in the late 1950s. We wrote, in our joint obituary of him for ‘The Independent’: “The spirit in his research group was more like that of an urgent gold rush in the West than the scholarly and disciplined calm expected in academia.” (14). If anything this understates the truth: he expected his students to work as hard as he did – seven days a week or at least six, from early morning to late evening. He was, however, not a slave driver and was generally tolerant of eccentric behaviour. When thwarted or stirred he made creative and ingenious use of expletives – quite unsuitable for quotation here – and he always had a ready sense of fun. His enthusiasm was always infectious, and he was an excellent raconteur and anecdotalist, with a remarkable memory. In those days (the late 1950s) Geoff would often emerge from his office in the late afternoon and wander up to each student in turn and say “Well, what’s new?”: his whole ethos being the search for some new aspect of chemistry.
He was a severe critic of derivative chemistry which he would dismiss as ‘stamp collecting’. Sometimes when a reaction seemed not to be working he would offer the suggestion “Why don’t you goose it up” meaning, raise the temperature. Geoff was not sympathetic to theoretical chemistry and would often cite the story of how the brilliant young Harvard theoretician Bill Moffitt had advised him that bis -benzene chromium would be unlikely to be stable. E. O. Fischer shortly afterwards reported this famous compound.
Geoff was always in a great hurry to publish new results and, from time to time, this led to errors; one example was the reaction product between thiophene and iron pentacarbonyl which was published as thiopheneirontricarbonyl. Gordon Stone later showed that there was no sulfur present and the product was the unexpected butadieneiron tricarbonyl. Geoff was not given to sulking over such matters but looked forward to the next new compound.
Geoff was a doughty fighter for chemistry in the U.K., writing in blunt style to Prime Ministers, ministers of education, vice chancellors and others charged with the care of fundamental scientific research. He would refer to such powerful people in administration dismissively as “the apparatchiks”.
Geoffrey Wilkinson was a remarkable scientist and an unforgettable person. His belief that innovative and creative synthesis is a powerful tool for new chemistry is borne out by his vast range of scientific achievements. His legacy to his former students and his enthusiastic influence on chemistry have given us all many longterm, far reaching benefits.
M. A. Bennett,, A. A. Danopoulos,, W. P. Griffith and M. L. H. Green, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans., 1997, 3049
G. Wilkinson, Platinum Metals Rev., 1964, 8, ( 1 ), 16
J. W. Irvine and G. Wilkinson, Science, 1951, 113, 742
G. Wilkinson, J. Organomet. Chem., 1975, 100, 273
G. Wilkinson, Proc. Chem. Soc., 1961, 72
K. Thomas,, J. A. Osborn,, A. R. Powell and G. Wilkinson, J. Chem. Soc. (A), 1968, 1801 ; A. R. Powell, Platinum Metals Rev., 1967, 11, ( 2 ), 58
F. Jardine, Rhodium Express, 1997, 16, 4 ; F. Jardine, Prog. Inorg. Chem., 1981, 28, 63
J. A. Osborn,, F. H. Jardine,, J. F. Young and G. Wilkinson, J. Chem. Soc. (A), 1966, 1711
Platinum Metals Rev., 1968, 12, ( 4 ), 135 ; F. J. Smith, op. cit ., 1975, 19, ( 3 ), 93 ; M. J. H. Russell, op. cit ., 1988, 32, ( 4 ), 179
A. Dobson and S. D. Robinson, Platinum Metals Rev., 1976, 20, ( 2 ), 56
G. Wilkinson, Nobel Foundation, 1974
G. Wilkinson, Sci. Progress, 1993 /4, 77, 15
Platinum Metals Rev., 1969, 13, ( 4 ), 152
“The Independent”, October 1, 1996 | <urn:uuid:3c6d4e88-b999-4594-b1c4-18d259f57d82> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://technology.matthey.com/article/42/4/168-173/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.966344 | 5,472 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Word Origin for discobolus
Words nearby discobolus
How to use discobolus in a sentence
The Apollo and the Discobolus are engaged in the same purpose—the one watching the effect of his arrow, the other of his discus.
A crucifix hung beneath the Correggio; a plaster model of the Discobolus stood between the windows.The Title Market|Emily Post
In one of these villas, excavated by the king of Italy in 1906, was found a fine replica of the famous discobolus of Myron.
His waist was thick with pones of sinew bulging over the hips, as one sees in the statue of Discobolus.The Cruise of the Dry Dock|T. S. Stribling
It is never a right angle (see the Discobolus), but it approaches very closely to a right angle.Pedagogical Anthropology|Maria Montessori | <urn:uuid:69fc1da8-dd78-4ef4-bd86-2219da0dc556> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dictionary.com/browse/discobolus | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.938502 | 209 | 2.75 | 3 |
Rural Economy and Tourism Secretary, Fergus Ewing, has welcomed a new report that shows that Scotland has more native woodland than previously reported.
Published as official statistics by the National Forest Inventory (NFI), the study into Woodland Ecological Condition is the largest and most in-depth assessment of the ecological condition of any habitat in Great Britain.
It reveals that in Scotland 442,611 hectares are now classified as native woodland, more than had previously been thought – and that the majority of this is North East and West Scotland.
This figure is up 131,458 hectares on the previous estimate reported in the 2014 Native Woodland Survey of Scotland assessment, and is set to increase as Scotland continues to meet its target for native woodland planting set out in the Biodiversity Route Map to 2020 and our Bonn Challenge commitment. In 2019 Scotland planted 4,436 hectares of native woodland.
The statistics reveal that over 430,000 ha of these native woodlands are in overall ‘favourable’ or ‘intermediate’ condition. They also show that Scotland’s non-native woodlands make an ecological contribution, with less than 6% in ‘unfavourable’ ecological condition.
Mr Ewing said;
“This is the first report of its kind and we welcome it as a positive step forward in woodland management. These statistics provide a reliable indication of woodland ecological condition across all woodland types in Scotland.
“They show that Scotland has even more native woodland than previously thought, and that almost all of our forests are making a real contribution in terms of environmental benefits.
“Importantly they provide us with a measure of how our forests and woodlands are becoming more resilient to future climate challenges – by developing those ecological conditions and processes found naturally in native woodlands. When compared to the challenging benchmark of ancient semi-natural woodland, this shows which of the native woodland benefits modern forestry possess.
“This is valuable information that will help to shape and deliver more strategic, cost-effective policies and management interventions that will help Scotland to improve the quality of its woodlands for biodiversity, for visitors, and all those who benefit from Scotland’s forests, while still delivering timber for our expanding construction industry.”
Stuart Goodall, Chief Executive of Confor, welcomed the report and said;
“This is an important piece of work which provides vital baseline data to inform the success of woodland policies and incentives in delivering for biodiversity in the future.
“It shows that all kinds of woodland can deliver for biodiversity – including productive forests. This is especially true for modern forestry when judged against the challenging benchmark of an ancient semi-natural woodland.
“Furthermore, the survey demonstrates that the active management of a forest for wood production delivers higher biodiversity as well as a renewable supply of wood to help sustain an industry that benefits climate change mitigation, jobs and the economy – at minimal cost to the public purse.
“Confor is preparing an in-depth report exploring the relationship between woodland management practices and timber production, and the biodiversity in our forest habitats. This is due to be released in April and will help to inform ongoing policy and research in tackling the nature emergency.” | <urn:uuid:c285a8e8-95a3-4de2-8da9-612132e9e090> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tilhill.com/resource-hub/our-news/new-report-reveals-scotland-has-more-native-woodland-than-was-thought/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.947527 | 719 | 3.140625 | 3 |
ABSTRACT: Wardenaar, FC, Ortega-Santos, CP, Vento, K, Beaumont, JS, Griffin, SC, Johnston, C, and Kavouras, SA. A 5-day heat acclimation program improves heat stress indicators while maintaining exercise capacity. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1279-1286, 2021-This study aimed to evaluate whether a daily 60 minutes isothermic biking protocol during a 5-day period could improve physiological heat acclimation and exercise performance capacity in partially acclimated subjects. A quasi-experimental study consisted of an intervention (INT, n = 7) and control (CON, n = 7) group completing 2 12 minutes Cooper tests (pre-CT on day 1 and post-CT on day 7) and a heat stress test (HST, on day 9). INT performed additional intensive exercise 1 hour per day on days 1-5, whereas CON did not. During CTs and HST, core temperature (Tc, telemetric capsule), skin temperature (Tsk, sensors at neck, right shoulder, left hand, and right shin), and heart rate (HR, chest strap) were continuously monitored and baseline, average, peak, and increment were calculated. During the HST, the INT group showed a smaller baseline-peak Tc increment (INT 0.88 ± 0.27 vs. CON 1.64 ± 0.90° C, p = 0.02), a lower HR peak (150.2 ± 12.6 vs. 173.0 ± 16.8 b·min-1, p = 0.02), and lower Tsk peak (36.47 ± 0.62 vs. 36.54 ± 0.46° C, p = 0.04). There was a nonsignificant, but practical difference based on a moderate effect size for change in pre-CT to post-CT performance of nearly +2.7 ± 12.3% in INT and -3.0 ± 8.5% in CON (p = 0.32 and d = 0.51), and HST distance covered resulting in a nonsignificant difference of 464 ± 849 m between INT and CON (p = 0.38 and d = 0.44). In conclusion a short-term 5-day heat acclimation program including 300 minutes of extra exercise resulted in positive physiological adaptions to heat stress, as indicated by lower core temperature and HR in comparison with a control group.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
- Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation | <urn:uuid:c8862f2f-6c8a-4ec9-81f3-2e01af706c48> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/a-5-day-heat-acclimation-program-improves-heat-stress-indicators- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.895115 | 544 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Discussion in 'Article Discussion' started by bit-tech, 5 Jul 2019.
How does the ad system work in general? Do you get paid just for displaying ads or do people have to click through them for you to be paid?
I seem to remember reading that Chrome etc, when using adblockers, only hid the advert and didn't actually block them unlike Firefox. Of course that could have been BS but assuming that's the case how is it determined that the ads are blocked in Chrome.
I think the number of times I've clicked on an advert on purpose could be counted on both hands tbh, but I do disable my adblock for Bit-Tech because the ads here are fine. Though I don't like the full background ads that hide what I feel is part of Bit-Techs design.
If users don't want ads, how many are going to pay $60 per year, rather than use a free adblocker?
I am completely divorced from the Ads department at bit-tech - which is the way I like it - so I can only speak in general terms: most digital advertising is pay-per-click, rather than pay-per-view. The more views you get, though, the more you can charge per click - so just viewing but not clicking on adverts does have a positive impact.
Then there are video adverts, which are pay-per-view for obvious reasons. Then there are affiliate schemes, where you get knack-all for the click itself but a percentage of however much is spent at the site post-clicking.
Anybody who understands and accepts that if you don't pay something - either attention to adverts or Cold Hard Cash - then all that lovely 'free' content they enjoy is going to go away.
Which, sadly, ain't that many people.
It varies depending on the website, ad network and advertiser.
But the outcome is always the same:
The site gets almost nothing because there are far too many websites all undercutting each other in the fight to attract advertisers.
Lest anyone forget, it is not the website/content publishers themselves that tend to be hoovering up the data or causing privacy and security concerns, it is the advertising networks themselves (who sell the data).
The answer is to sort out the advertising networks, not shuffle the proverbial deckchairs by forcing websites to change. Sadly I don't think that will happen, ergo people will continue to block adverts (it's all about trust) and the advertisers golden goose (popular content producing websites) will either close or be forced to change their business model.
Cheers @Gareth Halfacree and @Anfield.
It'd be good if websites gave users the options of what to see IMO. I'd imagine a lot of people now have adblockers installed, specifically of the s***y adverts some websites have.
I'd much rather specify I just want static adverts and disable my adblock than either
a) attempt to figure out how to block everything but static ads - which I won't do coz I'm lazy
b) just block everything.
Oddly enough, I've just seen an advert on the front page stating a free corsair commander pro with qualifying purchases and am unable to click on it nor was any more info given that I could see. Something that could benefit @modd1uk since he'll be doing a build with corsair stuff soon.
You can send me money, if you like.
It won't make the site ad-free, but you can send it anyway.
Some people don't want ads, but also realise (and sympathise with) the fact that someone gotta pay for all this ****. They might be willing to pay for an ad free experience especially if it's affordable, far-reaching and convenient.
Well, Kitguru started a Patreon back in march, they get ~$70 a month (before fees) from 24 backers.
Now to be fair that isn't to make the site ad free but it doesn't exactly paint a rosy picture when it comes to the idea of alternative funding for tech sites...
I don't block ads on this site but I can say I honestly never notice them.
All really boils down to whether that model supports a revenue per user that is comparible to doing it the advertising way. For example, Mail Online generates allegedly about 50p per user per year. That's fine when you have their scale (well actually not fine as it should be much higher) but those numbers don't add up for smaller publishers.
It's certainly a struggle for websites to generate the revenue required to keep the quality of editorial up. It's about using multiple models all at the same time to keep the cash coming in.
Personally i wouldn't sign up to it but I've worked in advertising for publishers for over 15 years so understand the need for the revenue advertising generates.
The biggest gain for the consumer isn't not seeing ads though. It's the speed at which things will then load when you don't have real time bidding for which ad shows and you're not waiting for the ad server to then send the creative etc.
50p per user per year?
Sounds like someone "forgot" to fix the bug in the user count
It's not a lot is it. In perspective, the Daily Mail newspaper generates about £250 per user per year as they have both cover price revenue and advertising.
Is that revenue or profit, though? The costs associated with print media are far higher than digital media, which is why there's a cover price in the first place.
Oh of course and that is revenue per user.
I should point out that I wasn't condoning ad-blocking, just that using a free ad-blocker is what a great many users will do, rather than pay.
Tbh I expect this to be about as sucessful and/or popular as Google's attempt, Contribute or whatever it was called.
So how does Bit's ad revenue work? Should we be clicking the sh*t out of them, clicking and fiddling around on their site a bit, or just not blocking them?
Not blocking them is fan-dabby-dozy; if you see something you're interested in, click away - but don't just click for click's sake, 'cos then the advertisers will be all "why have we got a load of people who come from bit-tech and immediately leave" and not want to spend money any more. Ad fraud bad; genuine interaction with ads good.
Separate names with a comma. | <urn:uuid:e23587ed-6c94-4389-9c4f-c73d918b0ac6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://forums.bit-tech.net/index.php?threads/mozilla-teases-4-99-ad-free-experience-subscription.363632/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.961013 | 1,380 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Do you need to conduct a secure software review? If so , you’ve arrive to the right place. This article will introduce you to the task, define some terms, and discuss a widely recognized strategy for protect code opinions. If you’ve at any time performed a secure code review prior to, you’ll be happy you check out this article. Following all of the, it can help you avoid common mistakes and ensure your application keeps safe. It has the never too late to learn regarding secure software program review!
When should you use a secure software assessment? A protect software review can be performed at any stage from the SDLC, nevertheless the most efficient is certainly when it appears early. If the problem is determined during the expansion process, it is actually easiest to cope with and fix. Automated code review enables developers to make changes quickly, although manual code review is the most suitable used throughout the commit period or any time a merge demand is posted. During a manual review, business logic is certainly evaluated as well as the developer’s intentions.
Secure software assessment methods can be automated or manual. Some tools can be used in conjunction with a developer’s IDE to automate the code review process. If this is difficult, a designer can use securities expert to carry out the code review. A security expert may have a more curved view of an program’s total security compared to a programmer. These professionals can also generate recommendations depending on their experience. In addition to manual assessment, protected code ratings can also help developers reduce the risk of www.securesoftwareinfo.com/local-review-of-data-rooms-in-australia-new-zealand a security breach. | <urn:uuid:78908a03-b099-4eee-9322-3035a8717f0e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ajeec.samara.co.il/protected-software-assessment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.91522 | 353 | 1.570313 | 2 |
by Jeremy M. Ben-David
The 2022 INTA meeting in Washington, DC will be remembered by many. For some, this was their first meeting, while for others this was the meeting which in some ways resembled a school reunion rather than the usual frenetic meetings that have taken place for over 140 years (although for most of the time INTA was actually the USTA). Others yet will remember this meeting as the one that they could have attended, but decided not to, due to concerns about either catching Covid-19 or facing quarantine restrictions when going home.
Before I share my own thoughts as to how this year’s INTA meeting stood out (and stand out it did!), a word about “quarantine”. It’s a word that we bandy about so much that it has become synonymous with “isolation”; but that is not entirely accurate. Before you rush to Google the word – don’t worry – I’ve done it for you. As explained on the CDC webpage History of Quarantine | Quarantine | CDC, “the practice of quarantine, as we know it, began during the 14th century in an effort to protect coastal cities from plague epidemics. Ships arriving in Venice from infected ports were required to sit at anchor for 40 days before landing. This practice, called quarantine, was derived from the Italian words quaranta giorni which mean 40 days.” So as you see, the use of the word “isolation” is more accurate, unless the isolation is 40 days…
But I digress…
The specter of Covid hung over us all, but we were determined to decide that it was just that, a specter, with no real substance, and that if you couldn’t touch, feel or hear it; well, it simply wasn’t there. More fool us, and more fool me…. After the hotel receptionist’s advice (on seeing me sporting my trendy Sonovia mask as I arrived to check in) that “you don’t need to wear a mask” reverberated in my ears, I soon came to act as if that was true. And while I made it through the conference feeling generally ok, my slight feeling of being unwell on the last day subsequently became 11 days of isolation. And if 40 days of isolation is quarantine, then my own isolation would be undici giorni or undicine…. So much for the very real specter of the very real Covid.
However, none of that could cast a pall over the real joy of meeting old friends for the first time in several years, and meeting new ones. I surprised myself by picking up a “25 years attendee” ribbon to attach to my paper-only-no-plastic attendee badge; if you count the years from 1998 to 2022 inclusive, this was indeed my 25th year. Twenty five years since that very, very wet meeting in Boston, and I had become the one walking around with the white hair and beard giving advice based on years of experience in the profession (since 1985). However, with a young face and a skip in my step, any advice was always given with a smile in my eyes – at least, I hope it was.
Multi-generational practice became a theme of my meetings during those few days in Washington. I should start by saying that I had the merit and honor of working with my father, Dr. Stanley J. Davis, in private practice for over 20 years, of which 14 were after I founded this firm, my father joining me soon after. My father had been an examiner in the UK Patent Office for about 25 years, from about 1959 to 1984, when he came to Israel.
We hadn’t planned on working together… indeed, obtaining a degree in civil engineering, obtained during several rewarding years at South Bank University, and then taking up residence on Kibbutz Alumim in the south of Israel, I had nary an inkling that in 1985 I would be entering the world of patents, working alongside Dad for a number of years. I certainly could not have guessed that in 1996 we would become partners in our fledgling practice that I had set up only the previous year. While the rest, as they say, is history, it’s actually much, much more than that. Those 14 years during which we worked alongside each other, gave me a tremendous sense of professional ethics, and a special, IP-based language through which we communicated, which added a wonderful extra layer to our relationship.
I realized how special this was, when I found myself observing several father-son/daughter relationships through people that I chatted to at INTA. I found myself sharing my background with a highly accomplished attorney from Brazil who had had a similar professional and working relationship with his own father. I reconnected with an old friend, also from Brazil, who was proudly showing his daughter the ropes, during her first INTA conference. I also bumped into an old acquaintance from Pakistan whose son was with him. In both of these last two chance meetings, I recommended to the daughter/son that they treasure the time working with their respective fathers; and to the fathers, I advised that they would do well to engender self-belief in their children, just as my own father had done for me.
The meeting with the attorneys from Pakistan brings to mind yet another theme, that of believing in people, and relating to them as such, way beyond the consideration of working together. I’ll explain. Pakistan and Israel do not have diplomatic ties, so we cannot exchange work. But that reminds me of both INTA and AIPPI 2019, during the course of which I had a number of very warm meetings with attorneys from the United Arab Emirates. We found much to talk and smile about, even though, at the end of the day, we were totally unable to exchange any business.
Until the Abraham Accords came along at the end of 2020 and changed, well, virtually everything.
After those historic accords were signed, a relationship came about between Israel and the UAE which looked like a reunion of old friends who had so much catching up to do that they wanted to do everything all at once(!) The speed at which this relationship has developed is quite dazzling! From commercial cooperation to projects in agriculture, and from shared medical research to joint defense exercises… and that list is only partial(!)
And at INTA 2022… well, what a difference three years can make. All of a sudden we had graduated from the slightly hopeful sighs and smiles, intimating that “maybe, who knows, someday, we’ll be able to travel to each other’s country and exchange business…”
In Washington, every time we met with someone from the UAE, it was like greeting a long lost family member. And even in the sometimes seemingly fossilized atmosphere of IP law, our clients are slowly starting to take an interest in registering rights in the UAE. So never stop hoping… Ultimately, it is all about the people.
There are many other stories that could be told, whether about the almost palpably relaxed atmosphere that pervaded every corner of the conference; or my wonderment in meeting a polyglot whose native tongue is Portuguese, but speaks about 7 or 8 languages, having self-taught himself Japanese and who is now working on learning Hebrew; or indeed encountering the delightful and interesting in house counsel for a European cosmetics company, as he lay, almost prostrated on the carpet, while trying to obtain (successfully I might add) an unusual shot of the meter high three-dimensional red lettering declaring “INTA”, at the entrance to the INTA meeting hall.
In short, despite all of the challenges, INTA 2022 did not only live up to its reputation, but, in my humble opinion, and maybe because of the challenges, it surpassed expectations.
There is an expression in French “L’appétit vient en mangeant”. Loosely translated, this means that once you start eating, you will develop an appetite. After missing out on two years, and then having a truly wonderful conference this year, all I can say is “SINGAPORE 2023 here I come!”
I can hardly wait! | <urn:uuid:cf067db7-c588-412c-9139-2c0be401495e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jmbdavis.com/knowledgebase/from-the-district-of-columbia-to-the-malay-peninsula-singapore-2023-here-i-come/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.980459 | 1,731 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Introduction: The extent of antibiotic use in pregnancy remains unknown but may occur in > 40% of pregnant women for various indications, at different gestational ages from different sources.
Areas covered: Antibiotic resistance, alterations to the neonatal immune system causing allergy, asthma and atopic disease in later life and teratogenicity.
Expert opinion: Although teratogenesis is not a major concern, it is important, and ignorance and complacency cast a long shadow. Robust evidence exists to guide clinicians in their choice of a safe agent with respect to teratogenicity. Antibiotic resistance is a major safety concern, and together with decreased research and development of new antibiotic agents, it has required legal initiatives to encourage Big Pharma to search for safe alternatives. New information from culture-independent, molecular-based techniques has resulted in a greater understanding of the adverse effects of antepartum/intrapartum antibiotics on the maternal vaginal microbiome and the neonatal gut microbiome. As this might adversely affect the development of the immature immune system and lead to asthma, allergy and atopic disease in later life, new research merits support in scrutinizing the safety of antibiotic use in pregnancy.
Keywords: allergy; antibacterial; antibiotic; antifungal; antimicrobial; antiviral; asthma; atopy; pregnancy; resistance; safety; teratogenicity; toxicity. | <urn:uuid:0d66f165-57cf-40b7-bde1-24dabcff2502> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25189188/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.895519 | 282 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Yom Kippur, One Day, One Soul, One Shul
Yom Kippur, all Jews will somehow find their way to a Shul, they will fast and wish each other a Sweet New Year. Even Jews who never set foot in a Shul, will do the same.
Why do they do this?
Because this is what Jews do, on Yom Kippur you fast and you go to Shul, don’t ask for any explanations, this is what Jews do on Yom Kippur.
For 40 days G-d reached out and asked us to come back and return, and after 40 days we finally returned.
Return to what?
Return to ourselves, to our essence!
What is our essence?
The essence of the Jewish soul is G-d.
I hate to say this, but Hitler was on to something when he said this: “If one little Jewish boy survives without any Jewish education, with no synagogue and no Hebrew school, it [Judaism] is in his soul. Even if there had never been a synagogue or a Jewish school or an Old Testament, the Jewish spirit would still exist and exert its influence. It has been there from the beginning and there is no Jew, not a single one, who does not personify it.”
The Jewish spirit is something that cannot be explained, it need not be explained, it has no explanation, it just is what it is, it has been there always, it is here now, and it will be there forever, it is just plain G-dly, eternal!
And on Yom Kippur the soul just opens up and connects with its source, G-d!
That’s why we ask for forgiveness on Yom Kippur, and that’s why G-d forgives us, because in essence we are one, and since when does someone not forgive themselves.
G-d says return to me and I will return to you, and we become one holy soul, on this one holy day, in this one holy place, the shul, and G-d says welcome home, we are family, we are one, and family forgives.
So let time, space, and soul, converge on this holy day to celebrate with G-d, because this is what Jews do.
And G-d forgives and wipes the slate clean for a Sweet and Happy New Year.
Have an easy fast! | <urn:uuid:ccb52d2d-2122-4b0a-af44-f1e682c3f6aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://guardyoureyes.com/articles/12-step/item/yom-kippur-one-day-one-soul-one-shul?category_id=475 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.953075 | 522 | 2.21875 | 2 |
This is the Swedish 2030-secretariat
The Swedish 2030-secretariat is one of the more influential swedish NGO’s committed to the decarbonization of the transport sector. It is made up of a ”coalition of the willing”, companies and business organizations that want to make a change.
By 2030, the fossil carbon diaoxide emissionsfrom the Sweden’s transport sector will be 70 percent lower than in 2010. This is one climate goals in the climate legislation that seven of the eight political parties in the Swedish parliament agreed on in June 2017. This goal is in line with the target of a fossil fuel independent vehicle fleet, as suggested in a report commissioned by the Seredish governemnt in 2013. The same day the report was presented, the Swedish 2030 secretariat was founded in.
A public report risks to land between ministers and ministries, so we (Mattias Goldmann and Jakob Lagercrantz), formed the 2030 secretariat to keep the pressure up. We approached Swedish companies and now have close to 70 partners from industry, municipalities and trade organizations. We invite partners to join based on their firm belief in the 2030 target, and have a division of partners working on both biofuels, more efficient vehicles and changed behavior. All three areas are necessary to reach the 2030 target, and we are the only ones including all three areas in our work.
Out work stretches over all developments on the market. We comment on government proposals, and gather the industry in joint declarations, editorials and statements. The 2030 secretariat is also effective in working on EU policy, trying to make the EU commission’s directives more open to innovation in the field of biofuels. We both comment on EU policy and organize seminars in Brussels.
We have introduced 30 indicators that follow the development towards the 2030 target, 10 for each activity area (the fuels, the vehicles and the behavior).
Our 80 partners have agreed ”not to agree” on all our proposals. They accept that it is more important to be able to act quickly and decisively if we are to meet the challenge of the 2030 target. We can thus work in close dialogue with our partners, without having to seek consensus for our actions – after all, the 2030 goal is set, what is there to discuss?
Context of Transport Climate Action
The main contribution to climate change in Sweden, as in many other developed nations, is transport. With this in mind, we have formed 2030-sekretariatet, the 2030 secretariat, a “coalition of the willing” to reach a fossil fuel independent transport sector by 2030. This target was originally proposed by the former Swedish government in 2009 and was hereafter the focus for a national commission which presented its work in December 2013. The current government reasserted the target in 2015.
The target is a way to make Sweden’s climate efforts more relevant in a global perspective. The focus on fossil independent transport is similar to how other small nations have managed to be world leaders in well-defined sectors; Denmark in wind power, Norway in electric vehicles, the Netherlands in cycling, etc.
The target, and the secretariat, has already been presented, inter alia, at the UNFCCC COP20 meeting in Lima in 2014. This international attention is beneficial to Sweden’s continued commitment, as well as relevant to other actors wanting to learn from the Swedish experience.
The 2030 secretariat: initiative and goal
The target, and the work devoted to reach it, is divided between Bilen, Bränslet & Beteendet (the vehicles, the fuel and the behavior), with roughly equal contributions to emissions reductions in all three sectors. The work is focusing on four pillars:
- Best practice examples. By collecting and spreading best practice examples from municipalities’ procurement, energy companies’ production, etc., large and cost effective gains can be made.
- Policy advocacy. Seven of the eight parties represented in the Swedish parliament form a 2030-reference group, where they are assisted in developing their policy proposals, both within their party groups and at parliamentary level. The policy advocacy is also done at the EU/European level, including our Nordic think tank collaboration and a wider network of think tanks all over Europe.
- Working groups. For specific issues, working groups are formed, based on identified needs and decisions from the partners. Some of them are long-term, some ad hoc and short term. Among the current groups Behavioral Change, Biofuel Taxation, Vehicle Taxes and EV infrastructure are the most active.
- Outreach. The 2030 secretariat is currently the most visible actor in Swedish media on climate issues, which combined with more specific focuses on target groups, a 35 000 subscriber newsletter, etc., means that we have a substantial outreach capacity about fossil independent transports, and how to make the target relevant for all.
The 40+ organizations that are partners of the 2030 secretariat (see 2030-sekretariatet.se/partners) all form part of the implementation work, which has only started and will finish in 2030. The main challenges are threefold:
1) From long-term commitment to short-term action.
While 87% of the MP:s, in principle, support the target, short-term commitments may seem more pressing, which is why we have developed a roadmap and detailed indicators (see www.2030-sekretariatet.se/indikatorer) to help ensure short term action.
2) From piecemeal to all-inclusive.
Most policy work on EU, national and local levels is done with a more narrow framework than the wide scope of the 2030-target. We have therefore devoted a lot of time to create “ownership” and shared responsibility for target fulfilment.
3) From car-based to mobility-enabling.
Sweden, as many other European countries, is firmly car based in terms of economic incentives, media interest, employee benefit schemes, etc. It has thus been important to switch the focus from car to mobility, while at the same time not estranging the automotive sector, which is needed as part of the target.
The main benefits of reaching the 2030-target are:
70% reduced climate impact from the transport sector, corresponding to
- Improved local air quality (NoX, SoX, PM), linked to
- Health improvements; less emissions and more active transport modes
- Job creation and better trade balance when substituting imported oil (petrol, diesel, natural gas) for partially locally produced renewable energy sources
- Sweden’s state as role model strengthened; substantial international attention for the target has already been achieved.
2030 secretariat, Maria Stenström +46-703 444 1548
Articles on the 2030 target (in English)
In 2018, the Swedish Press collaborates with the 2030 secretariat on the Road tp 2045 series, which aims to explore climate change issues in Sweden and how the country deals with this challenge. Here we present two of the articles in the scope of the project, about the Swedish climate law and the climate goal for the transport sector – and how Sweden can become a leading actor in greening mobility. | <urn:uuid:33d3c54b-690f-4902-99a3-0b44b8d2ec76> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.2030sekretariatet.se/in-english/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.945492 | 1,506 | 2.3125 | 2 |
A 379th Expeditionary Security Forces Squadron member aims his weapon at a simulated incident scene at Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar, Oct. 25, 2021. The 379th ESFS set up a cordon and maintained security to prevent and deter any hostile actions from taking place. (U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. Stefan Alvarez)
24.0-70.0 mm f/2.8
No camera details available.
This photograph is considered public domain and has been cleared for release.
If you would like to republish please give the photographer appropriate credit.
Further, any commercial or non-commercial use of this photograph or any other
DoD image must be made in compliance with guidance found at
which pertains to intellectual property restrictions (e.g., copyright and
trademark, including the use of official emblems, insignia, names and slogans), warnings
regarding use of images of identifiable personnel, appearance of endorsement, and related matters. | <urn:uuid:522fb52f-92cf-4e08-b1af-c8e52ef3d5fa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.afcent.af.mil/Units/455th-Air-Expeditionary-Wing/Photos/igphoto/2002894404/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.894628 | 255 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Electricity prices in Estonia have almost doubled over the past year, influenced by the increased demand during the hot summer – thanks to air conditioning units and refrigeration – and a rise in demand in general, ETV news show 'Aktuaalne kaamera' (AK) reported Friday.
The average electricity price rose by €40 just between March and April this year, AK reported, while, state-owned energy generator Eesti Energia reports, July's price of €83.78 per MWh is the highest since the market was liberalized around a decade ago.
In July 2020, the price was not much more than half that figure, AK reported.
Karl Kull, a project manager at Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), put climate as the main influencer, but from the perspective of the supply side in renewables, rather than the demand side.
Kull said that: "These types of price fluctuations are the result of a so-called social contract or social want, in which we are becoming increasingly dependent ,to some extent, on nature - wind, solar, hydro-power."
"Inevitably, if some of these [sources] do not exist, or some of these cheaper production units are not able to generate at the moment, then production units which are more expensive do so instead," he added.
Wind turbines can be found at various wind parks in Estonia, primarily on Saaremaa and the north coast, though some of the private sector developers say they have experienced obstacles from the state over the years.
Solar panel parks, while seemingly a counter-intuitive idea in Estonia, can also function, partly due to the long periods of daylight in summer. The axe has long been hanging over the largest hydro-electric power station in Estonia, the Linnamäe station in Jõelähtme, just east of Tallinn, and, while oil shale burning once supplied the bulk of Estonia's electricity needs (along with some energy bi-products such as heated water, which would be piped into nearby towns such as Narva) at a low rate, it is now facing the squeeze due to the imposition of EU climate goals.
Burning wood, usually low-grade timber off-cuts, at power stations, while this sometimes happens, no longer constitutes a renewable energy source in the EU's understanding, as it did back in the 1990s.
On the other hand, Estonia did reach its EU renewable target for 2020.
Estonia has no nuclear power station, though the idea has been regularly touted.
Back to the near future, the high price levels are expected to last through to spring, AK reported, which will mean high electricity bills in winter, with the possibility of prices exceeding the €100-per-MWh-mark
Prices to consumer also depend on what package is being used, for instance index-linked versus fixed price, AK said.
Marti Jeltsov, who is tech manager at Fermi Energia, a company which wants to develop a small nuclear reactor plant in Estonia, told AK that while the public needs to get used to higher prices, an issue facing all the neighboring countries too, monitoring use of electricity is recommended – the gap between higher night-time prices and daytime prices is even wider than before, he said.
Eesti Energia renewables subsidiary Enefit Green announced its output rose between June and July this year, from 53GWh to 59GWh, predominantly from wind energy. The electricity generated could supply up to 20,000 average households for a year, Enefit Green says.
Editor: Andrew Whyte | <urn:uuid:73472e1f-6cdd-42f1-94f2-2aa5e0e6f48e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.err.ee/1608307335/ak-electricity-prices-virtually-doubled-on-year-to-july | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.961522 | 755 | 1.960938 | 2 |
An Inspirational Story of Dr. Rajendra Bharud- (Received as WhatsApp Forward Post)
(Translated this from the original Marathi to English so that it reaches a wider audience as this story needs to be told.)
Hi, I am Dr. Rajendra Bharud. I was born in Samode Village in Sakri Taluka. A Bhil tribal. My father had passed away before I was born and there was no man of the house, so to speak. We were steeped in poverty. There was no money even to take photographs and so till date I don’t know how my father looked. No land, no property. We used to live in a hut made of sugarcane leaves.
But Maay (mom) was made of sterner stuff and never sat brooding over our condition. She had two sons to take care of and so she started working towards that. She started making liquor from flowers and selling it. Men used to come to our hut and consume the liquor. She later told me that, as an infant, sometimes when I cried she used to give me a couple of drops of the same liquor so that I would sleep off. Cos it was business time and she didn’t want to disturb the customers. As I grew up, I started running errands to get peanuts or such snacks for the customers.
Maay was a determined woman and she ensured that both of us went to school. I used to go to the zilla parishad school and though I had no pens or books (no money to buy) I enjoyed studying. We were the first kids from our tribe/village to go to school and nobody gave education any importance.
Once, during exams I was studying and a customer asked me to get him some peanuts and I bluntly refused. He laughed at me saying ‘as if you are gonna be a doctor or engineer’. I was hurt. But Maay retorted telling him that I will. Maay’s confidence gave me a certain will and determination to pursue studying and I decided to give it all I can.
Later on I got admission for CBSE in another school, in Akkalkuva taluka, 150 kms away from our village and I had to move there for further studies. Maay had come to drop me and both of us cried a lot as she bid me goodbye when going back home.
Being on my own was difficult but I realised that I should not waste this opportunity. That gave me more determination to make it good, made me study harder and that resulted in me getting 97% in 12th. I got admission in Mumbai’s G S Medical college on merit and received several scholarships. That took care of my education and hostel fees and Maay used to send me some money for my sundry expenses. She continued her liquor business as that was the only source of income for us.
As studies continued, I also decided to appear for UPSC exams and so in the final year of MBBS, I was studying for 2 exams even as my internship was on. As far as Maay was concerned, she knew I was studying to become a doctor. She had no idea about anything else. What is UPSC, or why one gives that exam, how it will help etc was all beyond her small world. I wanted to be a collector and she didn’t know about even the local officials like a tehsildar.
Finally as the year ended, I had my MBBS degree in one hand and the results of having cracked the UPSC in the other hand. And as I came back home to our small village, quite a few important people had come to welcome me home. Political leaders, the district collector, local officials, all coming to congratulate me. Maay was non plussed and didn’t understand what had happened. I told her that I had become a doctor. She was really happy. I also told her that I would not be practicing medicine as I had also become a Collector now. She didn’t know what that was but realised that it was something big. In fact none of the villagers realised what it meant. Though all of them were happy that ‘our Raju’ has become big and some even congratulated me for becoming a conductor!
I am now posted in Nandurbar district as a District Collector and Maay is now with me. There’s a lot to do here as this is a fairly backward district with lots of adivasi and tribal population. And I look forward to building all the necessary infrastructure for their development.
A lot many times I am asked as to how I reached here in spite of all the hurdles in my path. Right from childhood it was a struggle. Eating twice a day was a big deal. Our toys were mango seeds or sticks. Swimming in the river and climbing the hills was how we spent the childhood. That made me physically and mentally strong. Who was with me? My strength – my Maay. And the locals, who were all equally poor. They too went hungry like us, they too played the same games. So the concept of being poor never really touched me.
Till I came to Mumbai for studies. The difference was stark. But I never envied the well off or cursed my luck. All I realised was that if my situation or condition had to change, I will have to do it myself. And I studied, excercised, studied. Yes, I missed a lot that normal kids or teenagers get in life, but I prefer to look at what I have got now.
A Bhil tribal boy, Rajendra Bharud, an IAS officer at the age of 31, first from the tribe, my village, my area. Today I have everything that I could have dreamed of.
And most importantly, after seeing me rise from the small village to this position has created an awareness among my people of what they can do or achieve. That itself is a huge reward.
(Interviewed by Madhuri Pethkar.)
Thewriterfriends.com is an experiment to bring the creative people together on one platform. It is a free platform for creativity. While there are hundreds, perhaps thousands of platforms that provide space for expression around the world, the feeling of being a part of fraternity is often lacking. If you have a creative urge, then this is the right place for you. You are welcome here to be one of us.
When the Covid 19 pandemic started more than a year ago, there was a speculation that the virus was a human engineered one and that it escaped from a Lab in China. It sounded like a wild idea and was dismissed by the scientists as not probable. Chinese wet markets where live animals are sold…
Democratic Party national convention roars this week at Los Angeles. This convention is to endorse party’s nominees- JOE BIDEN (Presidential candidate) and KAMALA HARRIS (Vice Presidential candidate.) Speakers: Nancy Pelosi, Michele Obama, former Presidents: Obama and Bill Clinton to address the delegates this week. Acceptance speeches by JOE and KAMALA will come towards the end…
Geeta. Aha! what a name! Song of the meaning of life, and so true she was to her name. She was of my age. She was the younger sister of my sister’s friend. We met sometimes when I went to fetch my sister home from their house. Their father was a Superintendent of Police (you…
A.Charumati Ramdas The child was not crying, but there was bewilderment on his face. A smart elderly lady was taking care of him. Another boy, with exactly similar features, but with a sober and serious expression on his face was seated on the chair next to him. A middle aged person, again with the same…
WORLD AWAITS THOSE WHO CAN USE IMAGINATION AND TECHNOLOGY AROUND TO CREATE The jobs of the future will be driven by technology and innovation—65 per cent of children entering primary school today will enter a new world of jobs that do not yet exist. We need to create excitement about the future and have open…
(photo) Mysterious metal monolith. Credit: AFP Photo, my source: DH Dec 10 2020, 21:13 ist updated: Dec 11 2020, 08:04 ist A mysterious metal monolith has popped up on a riverbank in the Polish capital Warsaw, the latest in a string of similar objects that have recently appeared in Europe. U.S. Joggers noticed the…
The most awaited month has arrived May, the month of vibrant colors It brings a wave of crimson spread My branches shine in vibrant colors Dancing to the tune of a mild breeze The Garden looks deserted in the crowd The garden appears deserted to me No one to appreciate my blossom No one caresses,…
बुदम always wanted to find answers from family members. He used to look at his big brother Hemant Bhai for some magic wand to put something in him. He got some help from an illiterate Mom (Shakuntla) who told him one thing to be successful, “you got to enjoy whatever you do”. बुदम enjoyed everything… | <urn:uuid:80f70834-5c99-4f4a-b63c-0673d0c6e015> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thewriterfriends.com/an-inspirational-story-of-dr-rajendra-bharud/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.986412 | 1,954 | 1.585938 | 2 |
When the snow and ice melts and the sun warms the air, everyone gets a little excited. We all look forward to blue skies, fair weather and fun outdoor activities. For some, the ideal warm day is at the beach, for others it’s lounging around the pool and reading. But few people get more excited for warmer weather than motorcyclists.
Motorcyclists have a bad reputation. Pedestrians and drivers often see them as dangerous hooligans who have no respect for the road or their own safety. In reality, most motorcyclists are very safety conscious. They’ve been required to complete safety training and licensing programs to make sure they can operate a bike safely. The purpose of these programs is to make the risks of riding a motorcycle abundantly clear to all participants.
Most motorcyclists take all the required precautions every time they ride. They wear helmets and appropriate riding gear, use their blinkers, and steer clear of dangerous riding practices like lane splitting. Unfortunately, the actions of a few bad motorcyclists have given them a bad reputation.
Most people who have never ridden a motorcycle have no idea what they are capable of. As a car or truck driver, you should have working knowledge of motorcycles and their capabilities so you can help them, and yourself, stay out of a motorcycle accident.
Motorcycle Accidents-What the Research Says
Surprisingly, not a lot of research has been conducted on motorcycle accidents. The most prolific study on the matter was conducted in 1981 in the city of Los Angeles, California. Called the Hurt Report, the study focused primarily on accidents that involved a motorcyclist and at least one passenger vehicle.
The results of this study gave us a very revealing glance into how so many motorcycle accidents happen. Two-thirds of the accidents in the report were caused by the vehicle failing to give the right of way to the motorcyclist.
Since the Hurt Report was published, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has been keeping track of the numbers. You can see the statistics concerning motorcycle accidents haven’t changed much since the early 80s.
Motorcyclists are killed by cars and trucks and many of these deaths are the result of the motorcyclist not being seen. Accidents like this can be prevented with common sense and vigilance from all drivers on the road. So ask yourself this question: do you know the best practices for driving near motorcyclists?
Tips on Avoiding Motorcycle Accidents
The most important thing to do while driving is to remain aware of your surroundings. Make sure you aren’t following a bike too closely or drifting into their lane. Blind spots can be one of the biggest downfalls for drivers. It’s essential that you check them before changing lanes. That way the action you’re about to take isn’t going to put you or anyone else at risk.
Aside from being observant, there are several other tips that can help you have a greater understanding of what it means to be a motorcyclist and develop a greater knowledge of the challenges motorcyclists face on our roads every day:
- Obviously motorcycles are smaller than cars. This can make it hard for the driver to determine just how close they are to a bike. Its size could make it appear to be farther away, when in reality it’s closer than you think. Double check and watch the motorcyclist closely to determine the true distance between you and them.
- Because they’re so small compared to a car, motorcycles can easily hide out in a driver’s blind spots. They can also be hidden from view by road signs, mirrors, or the roof pillars that hold your vehicle together. Always check twice to avoid changing lanes on top of a motorcycle.
- One of the biggest attractions people have to motorcycles is their maneuverability. They’re smaller and, in some instances, that makes them easier to handle in a car. Keep in mind, this doesn’t mean that they can react any faster than you can. Don’t expect a motorcycle to dodge an obstacle any better than the driver of a car would.
- Sometimes motorcyclists change lanes more frequently than cars do. In most cases, this isn’t because they’re trying to show off or act foolishly, they’re actually much more likely to be changing lanes often to adjust for weather conditions, road debris, or to position themselves in a place where they are clearly visible to other drivers.
- Motorcycles have manual transmissions. This means they can use engine breaking, which is when they slow their speed by shifting to a lower gear. Remember though, this kind of breaking does not activate the brake lights, so be sure to leave extra following distance when behind a bike and try to keep an eye on their speed fluctuations.
- In most conditions, a motorcycle is able to stop in about the same stretch of road that a car can. In rainy conditions however, their ability to stop is much worse. Fewer and smaller tires gives them less surface area and that means less traction when braking. If the weather is bad, give the motorcyclist ahead of you plenty of space to react.
- Part of the great thing about turn signals in a car is that they are self-cancelling, meaning they go off automatically after you have completed a turn of a certain degree. This isn’t how motorcycle blinkers work though, so you may occasionally see a motorcyclist driving with their turn signals on for a prolonged period of time, especially if they are new to the world of motorcycle riding.
- Don’t assume that every motorcycle rider is a speed demon. Remember, their size puts a skew on your frame of reference. Many times, they’re actually going slower than it looks like they are to you.
- Sometimes people who like to ride bikes like to ride them together, and there’s nothing wrong with that. Most people get annoyed when they come across a large group of motorcycles in a pack, but they don’t realize that it’s no different then when a group of cars is driving together in traffic. If you do come across a group of bikers, don’t try to merge into the middle of the group, as it creates a dangerous situation for yourself and all of the motorcyclists.
- Perhaps the most important tip is, be cautious. We’ve stressed the importance of being aware of your surroundings, but few people realize how quickly a simple distraction can turn into a life-altering accident with catastrophic injuries.
When it comes down to it, a motorcycle is no different than a car or a big rig or any other vehicle on the road. The people driving them are normal people, just like yourself. They have families, they go to work, and they like to enjoy themselves. So the moral of the story is, take care when you’re driving, regardless of who is around you. When you’re driving a car, it only takes a split second to take a life, and if that accident is caused because you were too distracted to drive, it’s going to impact you for the rest of your days.
So from the attorneys at Hagelgans & Veronis, we hope that you’ll use these tips as an opportunity to make driving safer for you, your family, and everyone else on the road, including motorcyclists.
If you’re a motorcyclist who has been involved in an accident, or if you’re a driver who has had an encounter with a motorcyclist and you don’t know what to do, call us at 1-877-454-8529 for a free consultation and find out how we can help. | <urn:uuid:cca7ac0e-d874-4174-a7f8-4ff0fa483976> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hvlawfirm.com/what-cars-dont-know-about-motorcycles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.966957 | 1,606 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Tu Bin Bataye Lyrics in Hindi & English Translation from movie Rang De Basanti (2006). The song is composed by maestro A. R. Rahman.
Kabira Lyrics in Hindi & English Translation from the movie Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani (2013) starring Ranbir Kapoor and Deepika Padukone.
Asha Bhosle & Amit Kumar's song Roz Roz Aankhon Tale Lyrics in Hindi & English with Meaning (Translation) from the movie Jeeva (1986). The song is written by Gulzar and the music is given by R. D. Burman. | <urn:uuid:e8c2d516-153c-4ad3-aa78-4e8e3cd6acb9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hindikala.com/poetry-on-word-mishri/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.88632 | 130 | 1.507813 | 2 |
6.1 magnitude earthquake jolts India’s Punjab
An earthquake measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale yesterday struck near Amritsar in the Indian state of Punjab with tremors and aftershocks in several parts of northwest India.
Strong tremors were felt in Punjab, Delhi and adjoining areas for several seconds, prompting panicked people to rush out of their homes fearing aftershocks.
The earthquake struck at 10:34pm Indian time at a depth of 10 km below the surface. The epicentre of the quake was 21 km from Amritsar, according to India's National Center for Seismology.
There was no immediate report of any damage or casualty. | <urn:uuid:341a3857-8cb9-4c1f-986b-5e830ef6729a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thedailystar.net/india/news/61-magnitude-earthquake-jolts-indias-punjab-2043937 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.952373 | 143 | 1.859375 | 2 |
A Los Angeles holiday tradition starring Esperanza America (Latino Theatre Company’s The Mother of Henry, A Mexican Trilogy) as the Virgin and featuring over 100 actors, singers and indigenous Aztec dancers as well as children and seniors from the community in the City’s largest theatrical holiday production. Join the tens of thousands who have become transfixed by the story of Juan Diego, a simple peasant to whom the Virgin Mary appeared on four occasions in the mountains of Tepeyac near Mexico City in 1531.
Adapted for the stage from the mid-16th century text The Nican Mopohua and performed in Spanish with English supertitles, this site-specific epic event, presented by GOYA Foods and produced by the Latino Theater Company at Downtown L.A.’s Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels, unites families during the holiday season.
“At this time, when the Latinx community is experiencing increased racism and discrimination, the story of Juan Diego, who suffered the same because he was a dark-skinned indigenous peasant, is more important than ever. Offering this beautiful pageant to the Los Angeles community free of charge is our gift to all Angelenos, but especially to poor and working families who cannot afford to attend other holiday offerings. Our Lady of the Angels Cathedral is a sanctuary for the undocumented as is our great City and State, so presenting La Virgen here becomes an act of resistance to the anti-immigrant rhetoric that is plaguing our country.”Says Latino Theater Company artistic director José Luis Valenzuela,.
• Adapted for the stage by Evelina Fernández from the mid-16th Century text The Nican Mopohua
• Directed by José Luis Valenzuela
• Sets and projections by Cameron Mock and Emily MacDonald
• Original music composed and performed by Alfredo Lopez Mondragon
• Original indigenous music composed and performed by Martin Espino
• Choreography by Urbanie Lucero
• Starring Esperanza America (Latino Theatre company’s The Mother of Henry, A Mexican Trilogy) as the Virgin and Sal Lopez (American Me, Luminarias) as Juan Diego
• With Cástulo Guerra (Prison Break, Dallas), Lucy Rodriguez (ER), Geoffrey Rivas (CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Blood In, Blood Out), Luis Aldana, Damián Delgado and Xavi Moreno
• Featured Aztec dancer General Lazaro Arvizu
• Featuring a cast of over 100 actors, singers and indigenous Aztec dancers that also includes children and seniors from the community
• Presented by GOYA Foods
• Produced by The Latino Theater Company in association with the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels
• Friday, Dec. 6, 2018 at 7:30 p.m.
• Saturday, Dec. 7, 2018 at 7:30 p.m.
Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels
555 W. Temple St.
Los Angeles, CA 90012
• Reserved seating available for $45.00
• For reservations, call (866) 811-4111 or from the official site here. | <urn:uuid:5a02498e-a959-40a4-a292-5d83b01bc287> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.artsbeatla.com/2019/11/la-virgen-de-guadalupe/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.92628 | 673 | 1.585938 | 2 |
[aprssig] >APTHWX ToCall?
Boyd Prestwood K5YKG
k5ykg at earthlink.net
Mon Jul 16 10:17:25 EDT 2012
On 7/16/2012 8:26 AM, Lynn W. Deffenbaugh (Mr) wrote:
> Does anyone have any knowledge of the >APTHWX ToCall? It is not
> listed at http://www.aprs.org/aprs11/tocalls.txt but is the source of
> many (non-amateur radio, it seems) APRS-IS weather packets, all
> available if you use a filter of e/APTHWX-1. These packets are
> available on both the APRS-IS servers as well as firenet.us.
> The packets do contain the URL http://weatherwatch.in.th which I ran
> through google translate (http://tinyurl.com/7b44tcu) and it is
> definitely a weather site with an interesting, and possibly
> explanatory, description of their "Basic principles of the system." a
> little over 1/2 way down the page.
> Lynn (D) - KJ4ERJ - Author of APRSISCE for Windows Mobile and Win32
> PS. Here's a short sampling of some of the packets. They're coming
> through at a pretty steady pace, so if you add an e/APTHWX-X filter,
> you won't have to wait long to see them.
Just as HGX is the National Weather service designator for
Houston/Galveston Texas radar, HWX seems to be associated with Hawaii.
The latitude sure looks invalid and the longitude cuts through West
Texas... sorta far from Hawaii!
"APT" would be the start of a TinyTrak tracker TOCALL but the whole
thing could just be a "personal" made-up TOCALL...
Just some thoughts... may not be relevant at all of course... will
continue thinking (smellslike wood burning, eh!?
Boyd Prestwood, K5YKG
Near Houston TX
More information about the aprssig | <urn:uuid:a3a442c4-58e2-4df3-ac87-2bdbc06076e3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://lists.tapr.org/pipermail/aprssig_lists.tapr.org/2012-July/040136.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.876694 | 490 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Invention = disclosure. At some point every inventor who wants to commercialize an invention must make disclosures. These disclosures may be to the patent office, to business partners, to attorneys, or to manufacturers. Even if you seek to protect your invention under trade secrecy law, you will need to disclose it to others under the protection of a nondisclosure agreement.
Attorneys and disclosures. There is no reason you must disclose your invention at your preliminary meeting with your patent attorney. But if you retain this attorney, you will have to disclose your invention. Otherwise the attorney cannot properly assess its value and the protection it requires. Your communications with the attorney are privileged, meaning that unless you authorize publication, the attorney cannot disclose what you say. (BTW, USPTO rules establish confidentiality requirements for patent agents.) One situation in which you must make a public disclosure is if a patent application is filed. Unless you do not plan on filing foreign applications, your U.S. patent application will be published eighteen months after you file. Alternatively, if the patent is granted, it will also be published.
The trick with disclosures ... We believe that proper precautions should be taken when making invention disclosures. Maintain your information with secrecy and only disclose it under the protection of privilege, or nondisclosure agreements. But, perhaps more importantly, try to use personal radar to determine whether you can trust those to whom you have made disclosures. For example, prolific inventor Maurice Kanbar had a strong 35-year relationship with his patent attorney, Mike Ebert. In his book, Secrets from an Inventor’s Notebook, Kanbar wrote:
“Most basically, you need to be able to communicate with your attorney. I can call Mike on the phone, describe my idea and detail its mechanics and Mike will ‘get it’ instantly and start writing it up. If an attorney has a different understanding of your invention, or if he or she doesn’t quickly get your drift, go elsewhere.” | <urn:uuid:5bc19887-4c06-4907-9017-de1979aaf764> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://dearrichblog.blogspot.com/2012/01/should-i-reveal-my-invention-to.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.942361 | 409 | 1.914063 | 2 |
With the recent interest in using liquid hydrogen as a fuel source for energy production and transportation, predicting the performance of pumping systems which handle hydrogen has become an important issue. Liquid hydrogen is a cryogenic fluid which exists at extremely low temperatures and presents a myriad of design challenges to ensure a safe, efficient, and robust fuel delivery system. In addition, the typical operating conditions for pumps handling liquid hydrogen are such that vapor formation due to cavitation is present in the flow even when the head rise is relatively unaffected. Cavitation can cause severe damage to pump components and lead to shortened life and eventual failure, especially at the temperatures associated with liquid hydrogen.
The present work was focused on validating CFD methods for accurately predicting cavitating flow in a pump inducer handling cryogenic hydrogen. The CFD code used in this study was Ansys CFX, which is a general-purpose commercial solver with models available for simulating cryogenic cavitation in turbomachinery. The specific model employed for cavitation utilized a Rayleigh-Plesset based multiphase formulation in conjunction with thermodynamic property tables appropriate for cryogenic liquid hydrogen. Adjustments to cavitation model parameters were introduced as a function of fluid temperature to account for the thermal suppression head effects that are present at cryogenic thermal conditions. | <urn:uuid:33efb623-0190-445f-aa24-773787b6220c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nuclearengineering.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/GT/proceedings-abstract/GT2021/84928/V02CT34A035/1119805 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.932692 | 262 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Ankara ( ANK-ə-rə, also US: AHNK-ə-rə, Turkish: [ˈaŋkaɾa] (listen)), historically known as Ancyra ( an-SY-rə) and Angora ( ang-GOR-ə, also US: ANG-gə-rə), is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 4.5 million in its urban center and over 5.6 million in Ankara Province, making it Turkey's second-largest city after Istanbul.
Serving as the capital of the early Celtic country of Galatia (280--64 BC), and later of the Roman province with the identical name (25 BC--7th century), the city is very old with various Hattian, Hittite, Lydian, Phrygian, Galatian, Greek, Persian, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman archaeological sites. The Ottomans made the city the capital first of the Anatolia Eyalet (1393--late 15th century), and the Angora Vilayet (1867--1922). The historic center of Ankara is a rocky mountain climbing 150 m (500 ft) over the left bank of the Ankara River, a tributary of the Sakarya River. The hill remains crowned by the ruins of Ankara Castle. Although few of its outworks have survived, there are well-preserved examples of Roman and Ottoman architecture across the city, the most remarkable being the 20 BC Temple of Augustus and Rome that boasts the Monumentum Ancyranum, the inscription recording the Res Gestae Divi Augusti.
Kuala Lumpur (Malaysian pronunciation: [ˈkualə, -a ˈlumpo(r), -ʊ(r)]), officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur (Malay: Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur) and colloquially referred to as KL, is a federal territory and the capital city of Malaysia. It is the largest city in Malaysia, covering an area of 243 km2 (94 sq mi) with an estimated population of 1.73 million as of 2016. Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.564 million people as of 2018. It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in Southeast Asia, in both population and economic development.
Kuala Lumpur is the cultural, financial and economic centre of Malaysia. It is also home to the Parliament of Malaysia and the official residence of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the Istana Negara. It first developed as a town serving the tin mines of the region circa 1857, before it became the capital of Selangor in 1880 until 1978, and the capital of Malaya before the formation of Malaysia. The city remained the seat of the executive and judicial branches of the federal government until these were relocated to Putrajaya in early 1999.
Odessa or Odesa (Ukrainian: Оде́са, romanized: Odesa [oˈdɛsɐ] (listen); Russian: Оде́сса,...
Newark most commonly refers to: Newark, New Jersey, city in the United States Newark Liberty...
Tulare may refer to: PlacesTulare Lake, California Tulare County, California Tulare, California...
Córdoba most commonly refers to: Córdoba, Spain, a major city in southern Spain and formerly the... | <urn:uuid:fb020ab4-7a5f-4b91-b1f7-c5842c866e99> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.size-explorer.com/en/compare/cities/ankara/kualalumpur/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.909127 | 824 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Dale Hadley speaks with great reverence and poetry of his regular morning rounds at Ogden’s historic El Monte Golf Course, with the sun rising near Ben Lomond Peak and shining on the stone pavilion perched high above the ninth green.
“At around 9 a.m. the winds died down and the sun came out, with a nice breeze,” Hadley said. “Just perfect for a round of golf.”
Imagine him pausing, before this ironic conclusion: “But by then, we’re done.”
That’s because Hadley, who tries to visit El Monte twice a week with her brother, Craig, and son, John, enjoys playing in the first band of the day. Their preference is mostly down to the challenge presented by the blowing wind of Ogden Canyon and how that keeps the course from getting too crowded – but it’s also partly down to the financial rewards.
El Monte and The Oaks at Spanish Fork, a similarly positioned course at the mouth of Spanish Fork Canyon – and where, in case anyone doubted the potential power of the wind, nine 280-foot-tall turbines stand profile beyond the 10th green – offer “wind rates” for golfers who leave before 9:00 a.m.
It may not be an original phrase, but golf course architect Robert Trent Jones Jr. popularized the phrase “invisible danger” for wind as a factor in hole design. It’s a good description of how the wind comes into play in Ogden and Spanish Fork, practically and psychologically. Tax too.
City administrators in these cities believe they need to urge golfers to experience the canyon winds that are also familiar to patrons of courses such as Bonneville GC in Salt Lake City and Logan Country Club.
Some strategy is involved here. Booking the last tee time before 9am at Spanish Fork or Ogden dramatically reduces the percentage of holes played in the toughest conditions. This matters especially for 18-hole golfers at The Oaks, where every minute they can put off the battle helps No. 10, a par 5 that climbs to the canyon and is fully exposed to the wind, with problems on both sides. .
There may not be a more intimidating tee shot anywhere, which is why I was amazed to see two trolleys of players heading down the tunnel towards No 10 to start their day just after 6 morning hours in mid-June. It evoked a memory from 30 years ago. After signing up to play the back nine, I threw a shot that practically came back over my head, so I immediately turned and drove across the parking lot and around the clubhouse until at No. 1 and took a westerly direction, with the wind.
Again, it helps to learn how to properly hit shots that cross the wind and in the conditioning that comes with playing in that setting.
Jordan Rogers, who coaches the Spanish Fork High School men’s golf team, deliberately schedules a 6:30 a.m. tee time for one of his test rounds in August. The canyon wind will “definitely separate” some Don pretenders from the real players, he said. “I eliminated the less serious children by playing early. On several occasions the boys just didn’t show up for the second day of practice, and I have to believe the ‘tornado’ winds played a part.
Rogers, whose team finished second to powerhouse Skyline in last October’s Class 5A State Tournament at The Oaks, added: “I’ve had players tell me they’re happy when we are greeted by harsh conditions as we arrive at a high school meet. Funny thing is, I think they really mean it.
The survival aspect, while being hardened by the wind, is part of what draws Hadley, 72, and her son and brother to their twice-weekly walks in El Monte, as much as the $9 fare. At this time of year there is also a warm aspect to play in the wind, with jackets compulsory.
In spring and fall (and, if possible, winter), Hadleys are known to wear woolen hats and gloves when playing in extreme cold, as the wind prevents frost from forming. The absence of dew at these courses is indeed striking; at The Oaks, the freshly mown greens are firm and fast, even before the sun moves across the course.
Unlike The Oaks layout, where three of the first four holes play downwind, El Monte’s opening hole faces into the canyon. The long par-5 comes with the added challenge of two huge poplar trees in the middle of the fairway.
Compromise is a friendly end. Numbers 8 and 9 play with the wind, towards the stone clubhouse that is approaching a century old. Hadley calls it “truly my favorite finishing hole of any course I’ve played…reminds me of the historic nature of the game.”
The Hadleys also love the pace of the early mornings, when they sometimes complete nine holes and realize they’ve had the course to themselves.
And even if the wind is relentless early in the morning, the two courses are designed with variety. Once you get past the challenging course of No. 10, three subsequent par 4s deliver downhill and downwind tee shots that are fun to throw on holes the late Billy Casper designed with options at the spirit.
Casper, a legendary golfer with 51 PGA Tour wins, would probably forgive us for choosing to wait out the morning wind. His best chance of winning the British Open was lost in 1968 at Carnoustie in Scotland, where the final round conditions became so difficult that Gary Player’s 73 was good enough to overtake Casper’s lead.
A sample of discounts offered by public golf courses in Utah:
• Wind Rate: Starting before 9 am, $9 to walk nine holes at El Monte GC in Ogden; $15 per nine holes at The Oaks at Spanish Fork (essentially, a free cart).
• Senior Rates (60+): $12 to walk nine holes at Stonebridge GC and Ridge GC operated by West Valley City.
• Summer Rates: Approximately 40% off green fees from June to September on the four courses operated by St. George City.
• Twilight Rates: $500 season pass to play nine holes weekdays after 4 p.m. at Talons Cove GC in Saratoga Springs; $36 including cart for 18 holes in October at Homestead Resort & GC in Midway.
• Junior rates: $5 or less for nine holes on more than 30 courses, with a Youth on Course membership. | <urn:uuid:1c639a29-c028-4779-9e00-04b74f05754f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pitch-putt.info/looking-for-cheap-golf-in-utah-heres-how-to-play-a-course-for-9/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.961141 | 1,389 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Fish and birds are able to move in groups, without separating or colliding, due to a newly discovered dynamic: the followers interact with the wake left behind by the leaders. The finding offers new insights into animal locomotion and points to potential ways to harness energy from natural resources, such as rivers or wind.
"Air or water flows naturally generated during flight or swimming can prevent collisions and separations, allowing even individuals with different flapping motions to travel together," explains Joel Newbolt, a doctoral candidate in New York University's Department of Physics and the lead author of the research, which appears in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. "Notably, this phenomenon allows slower followers to keep up with faster-flapping leaders by surfing on their wake."
More broadly, the study opens possibilities for better capturing natural resources to generate energy from wind and water.
"While we currently use wind and water to help meet our energy needs, our work offers new ways to more efficiently leverage them as we seek new methods for enhancing sustainable practices," observes Leif Ristroph, one of the paper's co-authors and an assistant professor in NYU's Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences.
It's well known that animals such as fish and birds often travel in groups, but the details of these interactions in schools and flocks are not fully understood.
In order to study the effects of flapping motions and flow interactions on the movement of members in a group, the researchers conducted a series of experiments in the Courant Institute's Applied Math Lab. Here, they designed a robotic "school" of two hydrofoils, which simulate wings and fins, that flap up and down and swim forward. The flapping motion of each foil was driven by a motor, while the forward swimming motions were free and result from the pressure of the water on the foils as they flap.
The researchers, who also included Jun Zhang, a professor at the Courant Institute, NYU's Department of Physics, and NYU Shanghai, varied the speed of the flapping motions to represent faster and slower swimmers and fliers.
The process may be viewed here: https://bit.ly/2U8fGl7 (credit: video courtesy of Joel Newbolt, NYU's Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences).
Their results showed that a pair of foils with different flapping motions, which would swim or fly at different speeds when alone, can, in fact, move together without separating or colliding due to the interaction of the follower with the wake left behind by the leader.
Specifically, the follower "surfs" in distinct ways on the wake left by the leader. If trailing behind, the follower experiences a "push" forward by this wake; if moving too fast, however, a follower is "repelled" by the leader's wake.
"These mechanisms create a few 'sweet spots' for a follower when sitting behind a leader," observes Zhang.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | <urn:uuid:b2f59bde-3274-4d2c-a61c-31380f87e10f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/463982 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.953242 | 614 | 4.34375 | 4 |
6 Ways Big Data Is Changing Marketing
The recent advances in technology have greatly simplified the process of Big Data analysis. Companies can now communicate across the globe, allowing them to analyze critical customer information and make better marketing decisions. Using the latest tools, marketers can find critical customer information, including their purchasing habits. Marketing can quickly transform into surveillance, since multiple forms of adverts generate data points. It also can lower marketing costs because it’s easy to share data points across different teams.
Data and business intelligence are becoming an integral part of the marketing process. Knowing your customer can help you design better marketing campaigns and identify where to focus your efforts. With a better understanding of your audience, you can target your marketing efforts to increase sales and drive greater returns on investment. Businesses can use business intelligence to measure everything from open rates and click-through rates to the number of visitors to the website and how they found it. By combining this data, you can develop better marketing programs and campaigns, and improve conversions.
While traditional marketing strategies remain effective, BI provides insight into your customers’ behaviors, preferences, and demographics. With this information, you can adjust your strategy accordingly. You’ll be able to see what works and what doesn’t. This data can also help you identify inefficiencies in internal processes. By leveraging business intelligence, you can close these holes in your marketing funnel, improve your customer service, and develop new products. In addition, business intelligence can be used to make better business decisions and improve processes.
Data is the new currency in marketing, and business intelligence is vital to success. With accurate, real-time data, you can optimize your marketing strategy to reach your customers. By analyzing customer data, you can target the right prospects, attract the right customers, and meet your growth goals. Business intelligence also helps you release bottlenecks in your processes, automate tasks, refine processes, and prioritize work. It improves your marketing efforts and boosts your competitive advantage.
The telecoms industry is one of the most valuable environments for business intelligence. This environment requires huge amounts of data, and there’s no room for error. Business intelligence tools help telecom providers maintain high quality assurance while ensuring efficient data processing. The insights gained from business intelligence systems can help companies anticipate customer needs and develop new retention strategies. And while business intelligence solutions are essential, they’re not the only ones who benefit. Businesses that use business intelligence solutions can improve their profits by making better decisions.
Data is the new currency. It can provide crucial insights into customers’ buying habits. For example, data from social networks and online reviews can tell marketers which products are more popular among customers. A well-designed business intelligence program can also help you predict buying habits. These insights help you make better decisions and improve your marketing efforts. If you’re ready to take the next step, start building your business intelligence strategy. You can’t afford to waste time analyzing old data and making the wrong decisions.
Customer profile data
The power of customer profile data is changing marketing, from the earliest days of online shopping to the latest consumer trends. In fact, 68 percent of customers expect brands to tailor their experiences to meet their needs. With the right data, you can meet these expectations with greater precision. Customer profiles should contain more than just basic demographic information; they should be comprehensive and reflect the ways that your target audience interacts with your brand. Here are some of the ways customer profiles can improve your marketing.
Customer profiling can be used for survey weighting, sampling, and statistical analysis. Companies can even use it to estimate average wealth of a certain region. The exponential growth of digital devices and the explosion of customer profile data are driving the new age of customer profiling. Companies should be transparent about how they gather and use data from their customers. Moreover, they should let them decide if they want to share this information or not.
Consumers give companies data in dozens of ways every day. They browse the company website, engage with the brand on social media, contact customer service, and so on. Every interaction provides an opportunity to capture information about the customer. But it’s only useful if the data is accessible. Ideally, customer profile data should be kept in one centralized database, and used as a guide for all communication with customers. Lastly, customer profile data is a great way to improve your marketing and sales, as it provides a clearer picture of the customer.
While using a CRM tool to analyze customer data is a good first step, it can also be time consuming. Using a spreadsheet program like Google Sheets can help you gather the information you need. Unlike text-based reports, most consumers prefer visuals when analyzing data. Colorful charts can also be an effective way to highlight a specific customer’s primary pain point. To add an eye-catching chart, simply click on the Insert Chart option in the Spreadsheets toolbar.
Supply chain optimization
Big data refers to the enormous amounts of information generated by companies every day. It can include information from social media, internet-enabled devices, voice recordings, and the continued preservation and logging of structured data. Big data allows companies to gain useful knowledge from massive volumes of information, which can improve supply chain efficiency. By analyzing this data, companies can make better decisions about product inventory and improve visibility across the supply chain.
The power of big data is not limited to improving the supply chain. In fact, it is becoming a fundamental part of marketing strategy today. For example, big data helps in pricing management. Proper knowledge about supplies can significantly influence final product pricing. While labor costs and shipping costs may remain stable over time, they can fluctuate considerably, resulting in significant revenue loss if the wrong supplier is chosen. Using big data to analyze supply chain data can allow organizations to develop sensible average pricing for the various supplies they use, and analyze the value in the wider market. This can help organizations keep prices at a level that meets customer expectations while reducing risks and halt delays.
Using big data to analyze data collected at the point of sale, organizations can assess suppliers’ performance based on key performance metrics, such as location, quality of service, and compliance. The ability to monitor supply chain costs and profitability allows companies to prevent bullwhip effects and increase their EBIT to turnover ratio. However, companies should prioritize investing in the areas that will add the most value to their supply chain strategy.
The ability to analyze huge volumes of data will allow organizations to gain a strategic advantage over their competitors. For example, a shoe brand may be losing sales in a certain market because of media attention, but big data will also enable them to pinpoint the problem and make improvements. By harnessing these data, organizations can streamline production, distribution, manufacturing, and development processes. In turn, terabytes of data become mere megabytes, allowing a company to streamline all these processes and improve efficiency.
The use of machine learning algorithms to determine user characteristics can help marketers predict gender and age more accurately. Using this data, marketers can create an intelligent marketing system and plan actions to meet high-level objectives. In addition, algorithmic marketing brings together disparate siloed data to provide a holistic view of customers. The results can then be used by business partners to make more informed strategic decisions. Algorithmic marketing also uses power-BI to create powerful marketing dashboards that help marketers make better decisions.
Today’s algorithms make marketing easier and faster. Search engine algorithms take billions of website matches and decide in milliseconds which ones to rank high. Social media algorithms dictate what posts to display on a user’s newsfeed, and video streaming algorithms suggest content based on a user’s viewing habits. Algorithmic marketing uses big data to simplify and accelerate sales activities.
Businesses can also predict future demand by looking at historical data. For example, a bookshop retailer may notice that a high percentage of its customers are purchasing school uniforms. This insight could lead to an expansion of their inventory or even a partnership with a school uniform shop. Several companies are working on algorithms to predict consumer behavior based on data sets. This technology can help businesses identify profitable strategies and expand their markets.
Algorithmic marketing helps retailers customize promotions to customers based on their spending habits and preferences. This technology also enables retailers to activate their online base with targeted content and offers. One Asian retailer uses algorithmic marketing to send customized coupons to customers. It takes into account customer profiles, total spending in certain categories, and other factors. The company reduced its reliance on above-the-line couponing and achieved a three-percentage-point lift in same-store sales. | <urn:uuid:661c752a-caf0-4f23-b5a9-8d29a0804bb5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.digitaltechmedia.com/6-ways-big-data-is-changing-marketing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.918985 | 1,777 | 1.898438 | 2 |
I went back to Rwanda last month for the first time in almost 20 years. I was head of mission for Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders (MSF) during and after the 1994 Rwandan genocide. The experience changed me completely; my innocence died there.
In April and May 1994, I was working just across the border in Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), receiving refugees fleeing the violence. But very few managed to escape the horrors. Eight hundred thousand people died in 100 days. The rivers were full of mutilated bodies. Most of the corpses were headless, except for those victims who had paid a dollar to be murdered with a bullet.
I remember some Rwandan boys who came across the border and told me what had happened in their village. While they hid in the bushes, they saw their mother raped and murdered, their sisters killed and their father taken away. Then they ran and ran for days until they reached the border. One of the boys had badly injured his arm – it was barely attached. His little brother had died in his arms.
Return to Rwanda
These were the images that I brought back with me. But on arriving in Kigali, the capital, I found a prosperous African city full of cars, commerce and people living their lives. My memories of a post-apocalyptic ghost town, of bullets, blood and hastily dug mass graves, the air heavy with death and fear, seemed a lifetime ago.
The former MSF hospital in Ruhengeri, northwest of Kigali, is now a beautiful, bustling referral facility, treating a normal range of human ailments. No more patients with war wounds and landmine injuries, like those who came to us in the days and weeks following the genocide. Only people’s mental trauma persists as evidence of the horror they suffered.
Simple memorials and mass grave sites testify to the great evil that sucked up this tiny country. I stopped in Butare to pay my respects to the hundreds of Rwandan MSF aid workers who were slaughtered in April and May 1994. A mass grave has been constructed on the grounds of the University of Butare opposite the hospital – a simple memorial, with photos of the dead. It was here, in this quiet and lovely spot that I was finally able to cry.
Crossing the border
There could not have been a greater contrast between the peace and calm of Rwanda and what I found when I crossed the border into DRC. Goma, previously a small town, has become a bustling city of one million inhabitants sprawled along the shore of Lake Kivu.
More than 100 international humanitarian organisations help fuel a booming economy. It is hot and dusty, dirty and chaotic. The black volcanic rock everywhere reminds you that the city lives in the shadow of active volcanoes that erupted in 2002.
Just outside Goma, terrible roads took us past camps for displaced people that litter the hills and roadsides. The improvised shacks in these camps are home to hundreds of thousands of people, about 80 per cent of them displaced by the armed conflict and violence in Masisi Territory, a beautiful mountainous region north of Goma.
I had last been in Masisi in 1996, but this was not the same place I remembered. Back then the war was just beginning; the Masisi of today is soaked in violence, the people experienced at fleeing conflict.
Driving past a police station, we heard the sounds of a man being beaten inside. Outside, children laughed at his screams of pain and anger. They are part of a new generation of Congolese children who have only known violence, displacement and deprivation.
Struggle to reach care
We reached the MSF hospital in Masisi town. In the emergency room, a baby lay motionless, breathing hard. Medical staff had started treating his severe pneumonia. He got sick while hiding in the forest with his mother and six brothers and sisters, as they fled the battles raging in their small village.
His mother explained that after a year of living in a camp for displaced people, she had recently returned home with her young family. Then the fighting resumed and they had to flee yet again. They had no food, no shelter, no medical care and no protection from the voracious mosquitoes and heavy rains. After four days they turned back, preferring to die at home rather than in the forest.
Her baby became increasingly sick, and there was no medical care in the village; the MSF health centre had been looted, the medicines stolen. She decided to make the long walk to Masisi hospital with her small children in tow. Fortunately an MSF ambulance spotted her on the road. After another day of walking in the heavy rain, it might have been too late for her baby.
The everyday emergency in the DRC
This family is among the 1.7 million people displaced by violent conflict in eastern DRC. You don’t hear much about the Congolese people who have fled their homes and lost what little they have not once, but multiple times over the past 20 years. We have been working in eastern DRC since 1992 providing emergency medical care to this forgotten population.
The people of eastern DRC live in a state of everyday emergency. Our teams routinely respond to outbreaks of measles and cholera; just last week a typhoid epidemic claimed many lives. Local health facilities do not function and the medical situation is desperate.
As we remember the Rwandan genocide of 20 years ago, my hope is that we will look to DRC and the everyday emergency that is bringing a people to its knees. Every day in Congo armed men are pillaging towns and villages and forcing people to flee. Every day children are dying from preventable diseases like pneumonia. Every day mothers are dying in childbirth and every day women are victims of sexual abuse. These people deserve our help.
Rachel Kiddell-Monroe is a Canadian doctor who served as emergency co-ordinator and later head of mission in the DRC (then Zaire) for MSF/Doctors Without Borders from 1993 to the end of 1996. | <urn:uuid:60bd99e0-adcb-4026-89e6-2d58fe3ee8ed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://voicesofafrica.co.za/legacy-rwandan-genocide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.976802 | 1,248 | 1.625 | 2 |
In new data released this week, it’s been reported that disabled people are five times more likely to experience food poverty than those not living with a disability.
In a shocking report, the Food Foundation revealed that, as food prices in the UK rise, disabled adults’ risk of food poverty has increased to 31.1%. When compared to the 6.4% risk able-bodied adults face, the disparity is clear.
These concerning statistics have alarmed the disabled community at large, with CEO of Disability Rights UK, Kamran Mallick, addressing the issue. In a statement, Mallick stated, “The rapid escalation in Disabled people experiencing food poverty is truly shocking. It is the Disabled people facing the biggest barriers to independence and inclusion that are in the worst situation; how can this possibly be acceptable? With rising energy bills, increasing inflation and benefits pegged at a horrendously low level, millions of Disabled people are living in conditions comparable to the nineteenth-century workhouse.”
Why and how are the questions that need answering. How is the UK failing those who face the biggest barriers to income and independence so drastically? Why is more not being done to tackle it?
The Full Picture
And it’s not only the disabled community facing fears over increasing food prices and food insecurity. The report also highlighted that the overall risk of food insecurity in the UK has risen from 7.3% to 8.8% in just six months. This comes in tandem with the cost of living crisis, which has seen 62% of UK households experience higher energy bills this winter, with bills set to rise further in the coming months.
The Action Plan
As a result of these damning statistics, The Food Foundation has called on the UK government to make the tackling of food poverty central to the planned ‘Levelling Up’ agenda. Speaking of the call to action, Anna Taylor, executive director of The Food Foundation, said, “The Levelling Up white paper commits to boosting productivity, pay and job security but does not commit to reducing food insecurity rates. Food insecurity is a vital measure if we are to monitor severe material deprivation. It contributes not only to health inequalities and life expectancy but also to social wellbeing. If the Government wants to really get to grips with the issue, a comprehensive approach to levelling-up must tackle food insecurity head-on.” | <urn:uuid:7cebd347-2cb1-410e-83f4-2340a708101c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chapterzmagazine.com/2022/02/disabled-adults-more-likely-to-experience-food-poverty/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.950683 | 486 | 2.453125 | 2 |
According to the company, the single-chip RA4W1 MCU includes a 48 MHz, 32-bit Arm Cortex-M4 core and Bluetooth 5.0 core delivered in a 56-pin QFN package. Together, the RA4W1 MCU and an easy-to-use Flexible Software Package (FSP), engineers will be able to immediately begin development with Arm ecosystem software and hardware building blocks that work out-of-the-box with RA MCUs.
The RA4W1 MCU has been developed to make it easy for embedded designers to develop safe and secure IoT endpoint devices for Industry 4.0, building automation, metering, healthcare, consumer wearable, and home appliance applications. The MCU is also suitable for developing IoT edge devices for wireless sensor networks, IoT hubs, an add-on to gateways, and an aggregator to IoT cloud applications.
“While offering an MCU with Bluetooth 5.0 connectivity is not new to Renesas, the addition of the RA4W1 enables our customers to easily adopt Bluetooth 5.0,” said Sakae Ito, Vice President of IoT Platform Business Division at Renesas. “Customers can also take full advantage of the on-chip MCU features, including Secure Crypto Engine to implement strong key management for the ultimate IoT security, and best-in-class output power consumption and sensitivity to achieve a superior link budget for longer range applications.”
Key feature include:
- Arm Cortex M4 core and Bluetooth 5.0 core housed in 7mm x 7mm 56-pin QFN: The single-chip RA4W1 48 MHz MCU features 512 KB flash memory, 96 KB SRAM, and connectivity such as USB, CAN, and Renesas’ popular HMI capacitive touch technology. It also includes Renesas’ Secure Crypto Engine supporting customers with symmetric encryption and decryption, hash functions, true random number generation (TRNG), and advanced key handling with key generation and MCU-unique key wrapping.
- Full Bluetooth 5.0 support with industry best power consumption and sensitivity for superior reception: The RA4W1 MCU includes full Bluetooth 5.0 functions such as 2 Mbps data throughput, all advertising extension functions with maximum advertising length (1650 Byte), periodic advertisements, and channel selection algorithm #2 for applications requiring large amounts of traffic. The RA4W1 also offers superior low peak power consumption at 3.3mA during receiving and 4.5mA (@0dBm) while transmitting..
- Basic protocol stack package and all standard profiles:
In addition to the Bluetooth 5.0 basic protocol stack package, Renesas is also providing several API functions that conform to all standard profiles, including a Heart Rate Profile (HRP), an Environment Sensing Profile (ESP), and an Automation I/O profile (AIOP). These functions allow users to quickly start and speed up prototype development and evaluation.
Renesas’ Smart Configurator GUI generates Bluetooth code and MCU peripheral function driver code as well as pin settings for the e2 Studio integrated development environment (IDE). The Renesas QE tool for BLE generates programs for custom profiles and embeds them in user application programs to support application program development. And the Bluetooth Trial Tool Suite GUI allows users to perform initial wireless characteristics evaluations and Bluetooth functional verification.
The Flexible Software Package’s (FSP) open architecture allows customers to re-use their legacy code and combine it with software examples from Renesas and ecosystem partners. It features FreeRTOS and middleware offering a premium device-to-cloud option for developers. | <urn:uuid:fb6dbfc4-29ff-45c7-b130-1cef1a540f22> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newelectronics.co.uk/content/news/renesas-extends-bluetooth-5-0-conectivity-to-ra-family | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.869831 | 756 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Solar trees to help farmers run tractor on battery
LUDHIANA: A Solar Power Tree has been developed by the Center of Excellence in Farm Machinery (CoEFM), Ludhiana, an extension centre of the Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI).
A Solar Power Tree has been developed by the Center of Excellence in Farm Machinery (CoEFM), Ludhiana, an extension centre of the Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI). The technology was transferred today to a Delhi-based company, SolEnergi Research Private Limited, for further production and sale of the same.
The company already has five clients in hand for setting up of solar trees. It not only generates solar power but is also a perfect solution for land crisis as it takes only one percent space.
Shekhar C Mande, secretary, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), while telling about the solar tree, said: “The solar tree developed by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research’s (CSIR) CoEFM division is a traditional tree with branches of photovoltaic panels harnessing solar energy for producing electricity. It not only reduces the space requirement for installation of panels but also is an efficient method of off grid power generation in remote areas.”
Prof Harish Hirani, director at CSIR-CMERI, said the solar power technology developed by the CSIR-CMERI for auto tracking of solar power occupied minimum land space. “Solar power tree rotates on its axis with all the solar panels together that generates 10-15 per cent extra power from the sun with direction from East to West. Rotation is given to solar panels by rotating the trunk of the tree either manually or from its root,” said Hirani. “The plan was to instal solar trees in farms from where the farmer will charge the battery of his tractor and use the crop residue in the generation of bio-energy. This way, a farmer will not be required to buy diesel. We will be holding the first trial within one year as lot of changes are to be made in the tractor to run it on battery,” said Hirani.
Amit Rai from SolEnergi Research Private Limited said: “We already have five clients in hand, all are government offices from Nagpur. The CoEFM itself has installed three solar trees, one is of one kilowatt, the other two are of three and seven kilowatts. Three more trees of 11 kilowatts will be installed. The cost of installing one kilowatt tree is Rs 1 lakh and the cost for installing a 10 KW tree is Rs 10 lakh.
- It gives 100 per cent more solar power compared to conventional sources.
- Needs only 1 per cent land surface
- Holds panels at higher height so it gets more sun
- It can be facilitated with water sprinkler at the top
- It can produce 25-30 per cent more power because all panels can be rotated at 180 degree in the afternoon and morning towards the east and the west by an easy mechanism.
Source: The Tribune | <urn:uuid:16e40fdc-6b89-4d42-9d2c-c40003c2ded3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.firstgreen.co/solar-trees-to-help-farmers-run-tractor-on-battery-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.931855 | 649 | 2.53125 | 3 |
26 Jul This week, you have read about server virtualization and cloud computing in chapter 6 of your textbook.
This week, you have read about server virtualization and cloud computing in chapter 6 of your textbook. For your written assignment this week, complete a case study of the organization you work for (use a hypothetical or “other” organization if more applicable) that will address the following prompts:
• Describe the organization’s environment, and evaluate its preparedness for virtualization.
• Explain Microsoft (or another product) licensing for virtualized environments.
• Recommend a configuration for shared storage; make sure to discuss the need for high availability and redundancy for virtualization for the organization.
• Explain Windows Azure capabilities for virtual machines and managing a hybrid cloud, including Windows Azure’s Internet as a Service (IaaS) and storage capabilities
Make a recommendation for cloud computer use in the organization, including a justification for your recommendations.
Submit your midterm research paper as a single document. Your paper should meet the following requirements:
• Be approximately 3-4 pages in length (1200-1800 words), not including the required cover page and reference page.
• Follow APA6 guidelines. Your paper should include an introduction, a body with fully developed content, and a conclusion.
• Support your answers with the readings from the course and at least two scholarly journal articles to support your positions, claims, and observations, in addition to your textbook. The UC Library is a great place to find resources.
• Be clearly and well-written, concise, and logical, using excellent grammar and style techniques. You are being graded in part on the quality of your writing.
Our website has a team of professional writers who can help you write any of your homework. They will write your papers from scratch. We also have a team of editors just to make sure all papers are of HIGH QUALITY & PLAGIARISM FREE. To make an Order you only need to click Ask A Question and we will direct you to our Order Page at WriteEdu. Then fill Our Order Form with all your assignment instructions. Select your deadline and pay for your paper. You will get it few hours before your set deadline.
Do you need help with this question?
Get assignment help from WriteEdu.com Paper Writing Website and forget about your problems.
WriteEdu provides custom & cheap essay writing 100% original, plagiarism free essays, assignments & dissertations.
With an exceptional team of professional academic experts in a wide range of subjects, we can guarantee you an unrivaled quality of custom-written papers.
Chat with us today! We are always waiting to answer all your questions. | <urn:uuid:f6a380dd-01c5-4d36-9aaf-c210754eca0a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://writeedu.com/solution/this-week-you-have-read-about-server-virtualization-and-cloud-computing-in-chapter-6-of-your-textbook-6/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.919415 | 557 | 2.15625 | 2 |
How about getting a Stats project running with your classes in the build up to Christmas!
The International Year of Statistics (Statistics2013) is a worldwide celebration and recognition of the contributions of statistical science.
Through the combined energies of organizations worldwide, Statistics2013 will promote the importance of statistics to the broader scientific community, business and government data users, the media, policy makers, employers, students, and the general public.
The goals of Statistics2013 include:
- Increasing public awareness of the power and impact of Statistics on all aspects of society.
- Nurturing Statistics as a profession, especially among young people.
- Promoting creativity and development in the sciences of Probability and Statistics. | <urn:uuid:f1579989-f9dd-4842-9cd9-b60f3d4d67f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://new.censusatschool.org.nz/2013/10/16/remember-2013-is-the-international-year-of-statistics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.873255 | 141 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Founded 80 years ago, the National Folk Festival was first presented in 1934 in St. Louis, Missouri, and is the nation’s longest-running multicultural celebration of traditional arts and culture. In honor of this milestone, we are featuring a rotating series of live video and audio recordings from 40 years ago that capture highlights of the 36th National Folk Festival in 1974, beginning with the legendary black string band Martin, Bogan and Armstrong.
Here is rarely seen video footage from 1974 of an exuberant Martin, Bogan & Armstrong performing at the 36th National Folk Festival at Wolf Trap Farm Park in Vienna, Virginia, with Carl Martin on guitar and mandolin, Ted Bogan on sock-style rhythm guitar, Howard Armstrong on fiddle and mandolin, and Howard’s son Tom on bass.
This footage appeared as part of a program in the series “In Performance at Wolf Trap,” produced by public television station WETA, and narrated by Andy Wallace, who is heard here introducing the group.
The career of the remarkable African American string band Martin, Bogan & Armstrong spanned nearly 50 years. The three men met in 1930 in Knoxville, Tennessee, then a gathering place for street musicians and string bands. Multi-instrumentalist Carl Martin (1906–1979) was born in Big Stone Gap, Virginia, but moved to Knoxville as a youngster. Ted Bogan (1910–1990) came from Spartanburg, South Carolina, where he had learned guitar from Pink Anderson and watching other street musicians. Howard “Louie Bluie” Armstrong (1909–2003) was born in Dayton, Tennessee, but grew up in La Follette. A multi-instrumentalist like Martin, he learned violin and mandolin from his father and brothers, and worked with family bands.
In their prime, the group enjoyed multiple incarnations, first, in the ‘30s, as the Four Keys, the Tennessee Chocolate Drops, and the Wandering Troubadours. They played individually and collectively throughout the mid-South on the radio, with medicine shows, and at country jukes before eventually making it to Chicago in the late ’30s and ’40s, where they made records but mostly supported themselves by what Armstrong calls “pulling doors.” This meant going into different cafes and taverns and playing for tips if they weren’t thrown out. Playing various ethnic neighborhoods, the group took advantage of Armstrong’s gift with languages and learned to sing in a variety of tongues. Best described as an acoustic string band (violin, guitar, mandolin, bass), the group played blues, jazz, pop, country, and various non-English favorites. As skilled musicians eager to earn tips by playing whatever their audiences wanted, they built up quite a large repertoire.
Having gone their separate ways, the group reunited as Martin, Bogan & the Armstrongs (now with Howard’s son on bass) in the early ’70s and enjoyed substantial blues revival acclaim. After Carl Martin died 1979, Bogan and Armstrong continued on. Bogan and Armstrong were still the greatest living exponents of the African-American string-band style, equally at home playing blues, swing, jazz, ragtime, or older black string band material. Armstrong, the longest-lived of the three, was a notable raconteur and visual artist who spoke seven languages. He was awarded a National Heritage Fellowship in 1990. What made their music so wonderful, besides its energy and flawless presentation, and their personable good humor, was their ability to remind us that good music transcends classifications and a skilled artist can draw from many streams. | <urn:uuid:f5604843-3db8-4077-a546-765f350893c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://ncta-usa.org/the-36th-national-folk-festival-1974/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.962499 | 758 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Zimbabwe’s Energy and Power Development Minister, Zhemu Soda has said the country’s power suppliers, domestic and regional, will not be supplying Zimbabwe but allayed fears of prolonged severe winter power cuts.
Zimbabwe imports a combined average of 400 megawatts Hidroeléctrica de Cahora Bassa of Mozambique and Eskom of South Africa who have since indicated they will not be able to export power outside firm contracts during winter as they also face huge demand.
Minister Soda said:
We have engaged our usual power utilities and others in the region but they told us that they will not be able to supply us.
Forecast demand is about 1400 MW against internal generation of 1200 MW, we will have a deficit of 200MW. We will resort to load shedding but it will not be severe; not more than two hours per day and this will not disrupt major economic activities…
Zesa is also looking at bringing back unit 5 at Hwange on the weekend and this should help us boost supplies.
At full capacity, the Kariba hydroelectric plant produces 1050 MW while Hwange Power Station, the biggest coal-fired power plant in the country is being expanded by adding 600MW capacity.
Zimbabwe has in recent past years experienced frequent power cuts due to low production at its major plants and a shortage of foreign currency to import.
At the peak of the power crisis, some regions would go for about 18 hours without power.
The situation has been normalising but there has been a recent resurgence of power cuts in some areas across the country raising fears the situation might worsen in winter.
Regular power outages hit industrial and, mining production, forcing some companies to invest in more expensive solar energy and generators.
Responding to Minister Soda’s remarks, Mr Carlos Tadya, a researcher with a local think tank said the assurance was refreshing considering that both businesses
Minister Soda’s remarks come after Zimbabwe and Russia this week signed an agreement that will see Moscow assist the Southern African country to develop nuclear energy in a bid to address the power crisis. | <urn:uuid:472c876a-d087-4ba4-ad20-e622a07c3ea1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.pindula.co.zw/2021/04/16/energy-minister-speaks-on-anticipated-winter-power-cuts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.94299 | 432 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Tourism Bay of Plenty is introducing a 12-week programme, called The Green Room, which will be provided by TIA and is being funded by Toi Moana Bay of Plenty Regional Council, which means it will be free for participants.
Representatives from approximately 20 Waihī Beach and Katikati businesses and organisations have signed up for the programme, which is based on the successful pilot TIA recently ran in Wellington and aligns with the goals set in the New Zealand Tourism Sustainability Commitment (TSC).
The Green Room will consist of onsite visits, online webinars, and a customised action plan for each participant to help them gain the knowledge, skills and confidence to actively pursue zero carbon and regenerative goals. Participants will include hospitality operators, accommodation providers, community group representatives and event organisers.
Tourism Bay of Plenty Head of Strategy and Insights, Stacey Linton, says organisers are launching the programme in the Western Bay of Plenty in response to the high levels of enthusiasm expressed by stakeholders within the Waihī Beach and Katikati communities, who are keen to promote and pursue ‘greener’ practises.
“Consumer values are changing - locals and visitors increasingly want to support businesses and destinations that give back to the environment and their local community. We’re planning to progressively roll this programme out to businesses across Te Moananui ā Toi | the Coastal Bay of Plenty and the aim is to have 100 businesses complete the programme over the next two years,” she says.
The programme supports the Government target for New Zealand to be net carbon zero by 2050. TIA is the kaitiaki of the TSC, which has already been adopted by more than 1650 New Zealand tourism businesses as the nation endeavours to become the world’s most sustainable tourism industry.
The TSC aims to embed economic, visitor, community and environmental sustainability actions into all business systems, processes and plans.
“The programme is aligned with local and national goals of continuing to build tourism into an industry that adds vibrancy to our communities while having a regenerative impact,” says TIA Chief Executive Rebecca Ingram.
Stacey agrees: “We need to reset our tourism sector to ensure we deliver high-quality experiences for domestic and international visitors that have a positive impact on our local communities, which contribute to the restoration and protection of our natural environment, and which will help rebuild the economic sustainability of our sector,” she says. | <urn:uuid:b546e296-9dfa-4882-b968-f02a9f88f0e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sustainabletourism.nz/news/industry-news/tourism-leaders-put-green-aspirations-into-action/?1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.941197 | 516 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Using smart grid technologies, the project provides 1,000 residences, 25 small commercial properties and three public schools energy data in real-time. Customers can now set and track utility bill budgets, use software to manage the electricity use of individual appliances, and even sell energy back to the grid when they are using less than they produce. By integrating smart meters, solar panels, electric vehicles and energy storage capabilities, the project is already seeing the benefits of smart grid integration and providing customers with control over their electric usage.
As part of a trip to promote President Barack Obama’s energy strategy, Moniz chatted with local clean energy companies and leaders, including clean technology startups from the Austin Technology Incubator and the cleantech cluster development group CleanTX. He also toured the Pike Powers Laboratory and Center for Commercialization, a testing bed and commercialization facility near the UT campus. | <urn:uuid:c0eab072-36e0-4c51-b79e-4ce5ad24bd53> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pecanstreet.org/tags/doe/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.916227 | 178 | 2.171875 | 2 |
By Fr. Roy Cimagala
LET’S see to it that our thinking and reasoning is always guided by our Christian faith, hope and charity, and not just by what we see and understand, no matter how high our IQ is or how much data and facts we have in possession.
This is what may be called as theological reasoning. It is allowing the spirit of Christ to enlighten our thoughts and reactions to things. After all, if we are the image and likeness of God, we have to see, think, react the way Christ would, he who is the pattern of our humanity and the redeemer of our damaged humanity.
As we have been repeating already a number of times, our life should always be a life with God, with Christ, if we want to be consistent with our Christian identity. Otherwise, we would just be Christian in name, but not in fact and in truth.
This point about the need to develop a theological mind may have been illustrated in that gospel episode where Peter was overwhelmed with what Christ said about how much easier it is for a camel to enter the eye of the needle than for a rich man to enter heaven. “We have given up everything and followed you,” he said. (cfr. Mk 10,28-31)
Peter and the rest of the apostles obviously were at a loss as to how to understand what Christ said. If they did not trust Christ, if they did not have faith in him, then obviously they would already have left him long time ago. But they struggled to develop their faith.
When we have a theological mind, we would realize that we are not supposed to understand everything. We simply follow what Christ would tell us through the many ways he communicates with us. We follow what Christ would tell us because we believe he is the God who became man to save us, and he can never deceive us nor can be he deceived.
When we have a theological mind, we would know that we are living in a world of the spiritual and the supernatural where mysteries and things difficult to understand prevail. We should just learn to live with that condition.
When we have a theological mind, like Christ who is “the way, the truth and the life” for us, we would know how to be humble and patient, especially when we are confronted with difficulties and contradictions in life.
When we have a theological mind, we would always consider first the truths of our faith that would assure us of the resources for hope and charity during our predicaments. Our reactions and behavior would not simply be human and natural, guided only by our instincts, emotions and natural rationality.
When we have a theological mind, we would know the value of suffering and the many difficulties in life. We would know that everything will always work out for the good. (cfr. Rom 8,28) Regardless of the varying situation in our life, whether it’s good or bad, we would be consistent in having our feet firmly grounded on earth while our mind soars to heaven.
In the end, when we have a theological mind, we would partake of the wisdom of God who knows what to do in any situation. We should do everything to develop a theological mind, always studying and meditating on the life of Christ and developing the virtues.
Email: [email protected] | <urn:uuid:650e422a-b489-4da9-a986-5a97e29abd54> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dailyguardian.com.ph/the-theological-mind/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.974699 | 684 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Ligon Exhibition Opens at de la Cruz Gallery
Glenn Ligon, Grey Hands #2, 1996, Silkscreen on canvas, 52 x 53 inches; Photographer Credit: Ronald Amstutz © Glenn Ligon; Image courtesy of the artist, Luhring Augustine, New York, Regen Projects, Los Angeles, and Thomas Dane Gallery, London.
January 18, 2019 — The Maria & Alberto de la Cruz Art Gallery at Georgetown University is pleased to present a special collaboration with one of the most prominent voices in creative discourse today: Glenn Ligon (American b. 1960; lives New York City).
Glenn Ligon: To be a Negro in this country is really never to be looked at, on view January 24 through April 7, includes selected works and accompanying labels from some of Ligon’s best-known series.
The works exemplify Ligon’s engagement with language, examination of the African American experience, and the influence of his muses, including Andy Warhol and James Baldwin. A Baldwin quote forms the exhibition’s title and speaks to the show’s central concept, described by Ligon as “the invisibility and simultaneous hypervisibility of black people in America.”
The centerpiece of the exhibition is a group of five never-before-seen grey paintings from Ligon’s celebrated Handsseries depicting the Million Man March, a large and controversial convening of African American men on the National Mall in 1995. The works are hung on top of a facsimile of Andy Warhol’s rarely shown Washington Monument wallpaper — a privilege granted to few artists.
“Georgetown University and its de la Cruz Gallery look to the city of Washington as a cornerstone of critical conversation,” Gallery Director Al Miner said. “Intimately pairing these works by Ligon and Warhol will spark new conversations about how the National Mall inspires artists and citizens alike.”
Employing a technique Warhol pioneered, Ligon silkscreened press images of the protesters onto canvas and obscured the background, leaving the figures eerily silent. However, installed on the wallpaper, Ligon’s subjects are thrust back into their original and powerful setting.
Andy Warhol, Washington Monument, 1974. Screenprint on wallpaper, 44 x 29 1/2 inches. © 2019 The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. / Licensed by Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
“The Million Man March has echoes in early gatherings, such as the silent march against lynching held in June of 1922, or the 1963 March on Washington,” Ligon writes. “I am interested in this recurring, continual need for African Americans to assert our visibility in a country in which we have been crucial presences from the beginning.”
Text-based two-dimensional works form the rest of the exhibition, including a suite of Study for Negro Sunshine drawings quoting Gertrude Stein. These drawings span a decade and culminate in a recent red version, which marks a departure from Ligon’s well-known black and white monochromes.
Glenn Ligon, Study for Negro Sunshine (Red) #2, 2018, oil stick, coal dust and acrylic on paper, 12 x 9 inches (30.5 x 22.9 cm); Photographer Credit: Farzad Owrang © Glenn Ligon; Image courtesy of the artist, Luhring Augustine, New York, Regen Projects, Los Angeles, and Thomas Dane Gallery, London.
Large photographic prints from the 2016 Untitled series record Ligon’s enduring engagement with Baldwin’s seminal 1953 essay “Stranger in the Village.” The prints document the accumulated paint smudges and fingerprints on the artist’s studio copy of the text, which has witnessed the creation of nearly two hundred related artworks over almost twenty years. At the conclusion of that essay — which recounts Baldwin’s experience as the only black person in a remote Swiss hamlet — the author writes that he is “not, really, a stranger any longer for any American alive.”
“The optimism of this conclusion is at odds with the current state of American politics and civil discourse on the subject,” Ligon writes.
COMMITMENT TO SOCIAL JUSTICE
The exhibition and related engagement series supports Georgetown College’s long commitment to advancing social justice.
“Especially at this time of deep political division, colleges and art institutions alike are well poised to provide the great thinkers of our time — including artists — platforms from which they can share their unique battle cries for inclusion, and visibility,” Miner said. “We are honored to support Glenn’s vision and look forward to the dialogue he will spark among our students and community at large.”
Glenn Ligon: To be a Negro in this country is really never to be looked at. will open with a public reception on January 24, from 6-8 p.m. A series of free, multidisciplinary programs ranging from film screenings to public dialogues will expand upon themes of the exhibition. Program details are listed on the Gallery’s website.
FRIEDMAN OPENING AT SPAGNUOLO GALLERY
Like the Ligon exhibition, a new show in the University’s Lucille M. and Richard F. X. Spagnuolo Gallery also seeks to engage viewers and inspire change. Georgie Friedman: Vortex will open January 24 and remain on view through June 2.
The Boston-based Friedman’s immersive and hypnotic video installation Eye of the Storm III will transform the Gallery into a contemplative space with a disquieting undercurrent. Friedman explores humankind’s simultaneous defenselessness and culpability in relation to an array of powerful weather events.
January 28, 2019 – Talk with Jennifer Brody: “Free Form: Art, Activism and Racial Justice,” part of “Racial Justice: Arts and Activism” series; co-sponsored by the Race and Justice Institute and the Departments of African American Studies and Performing Arts (3:30pm, Maria & Alberto de la Cruz Art Gallery)
February 13, 2019 – Film Screening: Raoul Peck’s I Am Not Your Negro (6:00pm, Maria & Alberto de la Cruz Art Gallery)
February 19, 2019 – A Dialogue with Artist Adrienne Gaither & Ambassador Bonnie Jenkins: “ON DIGNITY: Policy & Art” (6:00pm, Maria & Alberto de la Cruz Art Gallery; followed by a reception in the Nora Cooney Marra Memorial Atrium of the Walsh Building)
February 26, 2019 – Artist’s Talk with Georgie Friedman (5:00pm, Walsh Building, Room 497; followed by a reception in the Nora Cooney Marra Memorial Atrium of the Walsh Building and the Spagnuolo Art Gallery)
Future programs will be announced on the Galleries’ website. | <urn:uuid:8ccfb2d4-b7fe-48db-973f-85b208fee5f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://college.georgetown.edu/news-story/ligon-exhibition-opens-at-de-la-cruz-gallery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.903893 | 1,477 | 1.953125 | 2 |
By: Ahmad Graves-El
WASHINGTON — On February 27, a group of gallant travelers from our area braved frigid temperatures and blustery winds to take a journey to the National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, DC. The trip was sponsored by the South Jersey Holocaust Coalition, and earlier this month our very own Isaiah Showell released a video of his experience visiting the museum.
The National Museum of African American History and Culture (NMAAHC), which opened its doors in autumn of 2016, is the latest museum to be built on the Smithsonian National Mall.
Other National Mall museums and attractions include the National Air and Space Museum, the National Museum of the American Indian, and the National Museum of Natural History.
The NMAAHC was established to reveal the rich, educational, painful, inspirational, and enlightening experiences of Americans of African descent throughout the history of the United States to all.
According to its website, “[the] National Museum of African American History and Culture is the only national museum devoted exclusively to the documentation of African American life, history, and culture.”
“In so many ways, the American experience is the African American experience,” said Lonnie Bunch III, director, NMAAHC, in his 2014 article, “America’s Moral Debt to African Americans.”
“In every development of our country’s history, every step that has made America better is tied to African American lives, patriotism, and sacrifice.”
Sadly, too many U.S. and global citizens are still not aware — through hundreds of years of misinformation campaigns, propaganda, outright lies, and personal indifference — that this country was predominantly built by a people who were forced from their homes, beaten, starved and chained, dragged to another continent halfway across the world, and stripped of their names, their rights, their liberties, their religion, and their humanity.
“Indeed, profits from slavery provided a reservoir of capital that allowed America to grow into a world power,” Bunch continues in the article. “The image of America as a just society is stained by the lack of moral reparations and fair treatment for a group of its earliest […] laborers and residents.”
“America was quite literally built on the backs of Africans,” said Sir David Adjaye, OBE, and celebrated designer of the NMAAHC, in an interview with Charles Henry Rowell, for the Callaloo journal. “Its culture is fundamentally imbued with an African sensibility. America cannot be fully understood without this conceptual lens.”
Interestingly, according to a 2016 article by Kelly Crow in the Wall Street Journal (Online), “The museum can trace its roots to 1914 when “black” Civil War veterans first asked Congress to build a museum to chronicle the saga of African Americans.”
These brave soldiers were attempting to be recognized, nationally and deservedly, for their valiant efforts in fighting for the freedoms of all Americans.
Unfortunately, the putrid and unjust acts of racism practiced by many of the country’s leaders, at that time, kept those veterans’ dreams from coming true. However, similar to the experience of African Americans and the mythical Phoenix, their objective rose from the ashes of hatred and came to fruition, triumphantly, in 2016.
The nearly 60 area travelers who enthusiastically accepted the South Jersey Holocaust Coalition’s invitation to visit the museum, were excited to be there and eager to explore the museum’s precious contents.
“This is [one] place I’ve wanted to come for quite some time, my mother too,” said Salita Demary, public relations practitioner. “So, we decided to make it a girl’s day out.”
“I looked into it and thought it strongly connected to many of the initiatives produced at RCSJ Cumberland Campus’ Library in recent years,” said Katherine Givens, part-time librarian at RCSJ – Cumberland. She also thought it was a great opportunity to enrich her own knowledge on African American history, she said.
Some of the sojourners were making a return trip to the Museum. “This is my second visit,” said Lisa Stewart Garrison, an independent consultant. “My first visit I found the museum to be so incredibly encyclopedic that I wanted to come back so I can concentrate, which I did today.”
She continued, saying, “I wanted to come back so that I could experience the exhibitions and messages on a deeper level and with greater focus.”
The NMAAHC is chock-full of exhibits and galleries filled with jaw dropping pieces that assist in narrating the African American’s story of their “Journey to Freedom.”
Some of the eye-catching pieces range from an airplane used to train the heroic Tuskegee Airmen, a bible that was once used by the indomitable Nat Turner, and a vintage boombox, which was one of the major instruments of choice for those in the burgeoning Hip Hop culture of the late 1970s, early ’80s.
One heart-wrenching exhibit left an indelible impact on several of the Museum-goers.
“I was particularly affected by the Emmett Till exhibit, which showcased his story as a funeral procession,” said Desire Lara, bookkeeper with Bridgeton Public Schools Grants and Funded Programs department. “I was familiar with the case beforehand, but didn’t know the exact, gruesome details of his lynching, and didn’t know that Jet magazine featured a picture of his face after the attacks.
“I was almost brought to tears after viewing his picture,” she continued. “It’s a horrifying story, but one that needs to be told.”
On August 28, 1955, Till, who was 14 at the time, was heinously murdered by two “white” men in the state of Mississippi. Till was accused by the men of whistling and/or making advances to one of their wives.
According to biography.com, “They […] beat the teenager brutally, dragged him to the bank of the Tallahatchie River, shot him in the head, tied him with barbed wire to a large metal fan and shoved his mutilated body into the water.”
Till’s body was never meant to be discovered. However, with the assistance of an unseen hand, the body was found. Till was transported back to Chicago, where he was from, and his mother, Mamie, made the bravest of decisions — to have an open casket at his funeral so the world could see the unspeakable brutality that was done to her son.
That casket is on display at the NMAAHC. “Emmett Till’s casket was something to see,” said Demary.
To continue with Till’s story, the two men who murdered him got off scot-free after they were acquitted of all charges following a trial conducted by their peers. What may be the saddest part of this story is, in 2007, according to biography.com, the woman who was allegedly whistled at by Till, “admitted (in an interview released in Vanity Fair in 2017) that she had lied about Till making advances toward her.”
Deloris Anderson, Demary’s mom, was alive during this tragedy as well as countless other contemptible acts that were committed against African Americans. Her pain is still evident today.
“It was frightening, scary, and inhumane seeing those acts taking place coming up,” she said. “You didn’t know whether you would be falsely accused or attacked.”
When asked if she believes if things have gotten better for the African American in this country since that time, Anderson said, “In some cases there has been progress made, but African Americans are still profiled in certain situations, so there is still work to be done.”
Among the many exhibits that stuck out to Givens was a segregated railway train. “There was the ‘white only’ section in the front, which had large bathrooms with what looked like a lounge area, more spacious seats in the train, and more leg room,” she recalled.
“In the ‘colored only’ section in the rear, the bathrooms were maybe a third of the size of the ‘white only’ bathrooms, more cramped, and more tight. The accommodations were not close to equal, despite the ‘separate but equal’ doctrine confirmed by Plessy v. Ferguson decades before.”
For every exhibit and gallery that revealed the trials and tribulations of the life of Americans of African descent in this country, there were a plenitude of items on display that acknowledged and celebrated their triumphs and jubilations.
The Museum’s collection includes a button asserting that “Black is Beautiful,” headgear worn by the Greatest of All Time, Muhammad Ali, poetry from Langston Hughes, and a photograph of two elegant, melanin-toned women dancing from the choreopoem, “For Colored Girls,” by playwright, Ntozake Shange.
“I’m really into the arts, so seeing the costumes from Broadway and things like that, that was really awesome,” Demary declared.
When asked what important lesson she took from visiting the museum, Demary pondered the question, then responded with a gleam in her eye. “I like how [the exhibits] highlighted women,” she said. “I think women can be glossed over, so that really struck a chord with me that they highlighted [African American] women and their roles and the things that they went through. Seeing that with my mother was awesome.”
The Museum is helping to clear up hundreds of years of distorted messages that have been — and still are — presented as truth about the African American experience.
“I think there’s some truth in what’s been taught in the history books, but a lot of historical detail has also been excluded in schools and mass media to fit a narrative,” said Givens. “I believe a lot of people want to be blameless or lessen their culpability, so the historical narrative is bent and molded to soothe their conscience.”
“I honestly didn’t know that most slaves were captured and shipped form primarily the West African coast,” said Lara. “And that African royalty, during this time, allowed some of this slave trade to take place, in order to avoid total war and conflict [with Europeans], and to continue the new success of international trade.
“This was certainly not taught to me while I was in school. When I was in high school, we had one African American history class, which was an elective. One. Crazy.”
Stewart Garrison had another take on this topic.
“I’d say it’s a major work in progress,” she said. “But I think for this to be an endorsed message emblematic of our national story told within the framework of how we tell stories in this country is a huge breakthrough.
“It’s a cultural moment that I feel very privileged to be alive for,” she said
The area residents who travelled to the National Museum of African American History and Culture were able to learn— and relearn —many valuable lessons about a people whose true history is beginning to bloom like “The Rose That Grew from Concrete.”
For more information about the National Museum of African American History and Culture, visit nmaahc.si.edu | <urn:uuid:31c7be64-63fb-4456-869e-9553d0dd7ba5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://followsouthjersey.com/2020/03/26/historic-journey-a-trip-to-the-national-museum-of-african-american-history-and-culture/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.975411 | 2,497 | 3 | 3 |
Title and statement of responsibility area
City of Edmonton. Office of the City Commissioners fonds
General material designation
- Textual record
- Graphic material - photograph
- Architectural drawing
- Cartographic material
Other title information
Title statements of responsibility
- Source of title proper: Title based on name of creator.
Level of description
Edition statement of responsibility
Class of material specific details area
Statement of scale (cartographic)
Statement of projection (cartographic)
Statement of coordinates (cartographic)
Statement of scale (architectural)
Issuing jurisdiction and denomination (philatelic)
Dates of creation area
1906 - 1977, predominant 1926 - 1969 (Creation)
- Office of the City Commissioners
Physical description area
86.92 m of textual records and other material
Publisher's series area
Title proper of publisher's series
Parallel titles of publisher's series
Other title information of publisher's series
Statement of responsibility relating to publisher's series
Numbering within publisher's series
Note on publisher's series
Archival description area
Name of creator
From 1904 until 1983, the civic administration of the City of Edmonton was led by City Commissioners. Initially the Mayor served as the Head or Finance Commissioner, later assisted by one or more Commissioners, appointed for an indefinite period, who oversaw departments, signed contracts, hired and fired department heads and City employees and oversaw the spending of annual budgets as high as two hundred million dollars.
In 1904, when Edmonton was incorporated as a City, the newly formed City council adopted a commission system to oversee the running of the municipality. Prior to 1904, municipal administration was considered simple enough to be handled by the Town Councilors. However, due to the greater amount of time involved in the administration of the growing city and a desire for expertise in the management of public utilities, Mayor William Short advocated the creation of strong commissioners who, on good conduct, would be appointed for life. Thus, in 1904, Edmonton City Council invoked the Public Works Ordinance of 1900, which stipulated that the commissioner would have "all the powers, rights, authorities and immunities that might have been exercised or enjoyed by council" and that the council "shall have no authority in respect of such works."
To offset the complete control of civic affairs by appointed administrators, council decided to make the mayor, by virtue of his office, ex officio, one of the commissioners. Initially, the City of Edmonton appointed three commissioners, Mayor K. W. MacKenzie, who by virtue of his position sat as Chairman of the Commission Board, J. H. Hargreaves as the Commissioner for Public Works, and George J. Kinnaird as Commissioner of Finance. Over the years the number of commissioners would change (inclusive of the mayor) - ranging from a maximum of five in 1914 to a minimum of two from 1915-1919 and 1922-1934, but the responsibilities of the board remained the same, to oversee the administration of the rapidly growing city of Edmonton. From 1967 to 1983, the city also appointed a Chief Commissioner to oversee the actions of the board as the responsibilities of this position were deemed too time consuming for the mayor.
In 1972, largely because of the newly created Chief Commissioner, the mayor ceased sitting as the Chairman of the Commissioners Board. In 1976, Mayor Terry Cavanagh stopped attending Board meetings and the role of the mayor in the commissioners system effectively ceased to exist. In 1983, newly elected Mayor Laurence Decore, supported by council, eliminated the commissioners system and instead hired a city manager to oversee the city's civic administration.
Scope and content
This fonds consists of materials which were collected and created by the City's Commissioners through their function of overseeing all aspects of City administration. The fonds includes correspondence with City staff, provincial and federal representatives, other municipalities, corporations, community groups and the general public. It also contains reports and financial records relating to various departments, memoranda, committee minutes, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, photos, maps, and architectural drawings.
An order has been imposed on the material. The arrangement includes 11 series and multiple subseries. The series are as follows:
- Series 1: City Clerks and Administrative Records
- Series 2: Financial
- Series 3: Development and Planning
- Series 4: Transportation
- Series 5: Engineering
- Series 6: Utilities
- Series 7: Community Services
- Series 8 : Wartime
- Series 9: External Organizations
- Series 10: Commissioners Reports
- Series 11: Orphaned Material
Immediate source of acquisition
This material was transferred to the City of Edmonton Archives between 1971 and 1985 directly from the Office of the City Commissioner and the Office of the City Manager.
The photographs have been assigned item numbers with the prefix EA-88.
Language of material
Script of material
Location of originals
Availability of other formats
Restrictions on access
There are no restrictions on access.
Terms governing use, reproduction, and publication
Copyright may apply.
Reproduction restrictions may apply.
Because of the City-wide scope of RG-11, all RG collections until the dissolution of the Commissioner system in 1983 are associated with RG-11.
Further accruals are expected.
Accession numbers: A71-1, A73-52, A74-39, A74-73, A77-16, A81-74, A85-20, A92-100, A2018-37
This fonds also includes 369 photos, 250 maps, and 163 architectural drawings.
Standard number area
Subject access points
Place access points
Name access points
Genre access points
Description record identifier
Rules or conventions
Rules for Archival Description (RAD)
Archives Society of Alberta Subject Terms | <urn:uuid:9d7413e4-1d0d-45e5-aee0-c5fdbfeb92ba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cityarchives.edmonton.ca/city-of-edmonton-office-of-the-city-commissioners-fonds | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.919288 | 1,299 | 1.882813 | 2 |
The authors have developed a literacy learning system for children with developmental dyslexia. The system presents alphabetic characters on a stereoscopic 3D display. In order to make the character structure more understandable, the character was expressed in three dimensions by continuously changing the stereoscopic depth from the starting point to the terminal point of the character stroke. However, stereoscopic displays are not widely used in schools and can be difficult to put to practical use. The purpose of this study was to develop a fractional view display that does not employ special equipment. We compared the comprehensibility of 3D characters presented on a depth fused 3D display and on a fractional view display. These results indicate that a fractional view display can make the structure of large characters understandable.
|出版ステータス||Published - 2009 12月 1|
|イベント||16th International Display Workshops, IDW '09 - Miyazaki, Japan|
継続期間: 2009 12月 9 → 2009 12月 11
|Conference||16th International Display Workshops, IDW '09|
|Period||09/12/9 → 09/12/11|
ASJC Scopus subject areas | <urn:uuid:6a48c93b-298b-4827-bbe9-042cf35f6696> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://waseda.pure.elsevier.com/ja/publications/evaluation-of-3d-displays-in-terms-of-literacy-learning | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.726729 | 425 | 3.203125 | 3 |
For every small business to run successfully in the long run, you need a SaaS model.
Previously, businesses had to buy user licenses before using the software. The onset of SaaS tools and companies changed that. SaaS stands for or ‘Software as a service’ – subscription-based software model introduced to replace costly user licenses.
Do you know how Spotify and Netflix replaced the need for buying CDs and DVDs? That’s what SaaS did for user licenses.
In this blog, we will dig a little deeper into what SaaS means for your business, how it can benefit you and the best tools you need for your business.
What is SaaS?
SaaS (Software as a service) is a method of software delivery or a software distribution model in which a third-party provider hosts applications and makes them available to customers using the internet.
According to bigcommerce SaaS accounts for over 24% of all enterprise workloads (up from 14% in 2016)
Examples of SaaS companies: Instamojo, Google Apps, Dropbox, MailChimp, Slack, Hubspot.
5 SaaS Tools for small business:
SaaS platforms/tools make software available to anyone using the internet, normally for a monthly or annual subscription fee.
1. Sales Software – IPIX CRM
Again, size does not matter here. If you are looking for an affordable SaaS tool to help take care of all your sales requirements, IPIX CRM is an ideal customer relationship management tool for you. It is a cloud-based centralized application that you and your team can use to understand any project or client needs easily, even on mobile.
This product gives complete integration with other third-party software like project management software, biometrics, HR management solutions or simply understanding your clients.
2. Data analytics Software – Shoppr
There are popular analytical tools out there (Google!) but in this list, we would like to talk about what works best for small businesses, both in terms of affordability and optimization.
Shoppr is an app that connects to your online store or website using a really simple integration process and gives you access to your store and customer data + analytics.
Shoppr offers custom analytics tailored to your sales and growth targets. It helps you reach the right people and improve engagement rates.
“When deployed correctly, SaaS promises decreased infrastructure, speed of implementation and comparable customer experience. It also can save on upfront costs,” – David Wagner, VP – Computer Economics
3. Accounting and Payroll software – Profitbooks
Profitbooks is a simple cloud computing accountancy SaaS tool that helps you create custom invoices, manage inventory, and track expenses without having any accounting knowledge. Your small business must keep track of planning, budgeting, forecasting, core accounting, billing, and invoicing, and time tracking.
ProfitBooks is a fast-growing tool and simple to use. It lets you create beautiful invoices, track expenses, and manage inventory without any accounting knowledge.
You can easily share the transaction data with your accountant/vendors.
P.S: If you are curious to know more about accounting, you are in luck. We are conducting a LIVE webinar this month with the Co-founder of the company! If you want to know a little more about accounting, before you invest in the software, join in, it’ll be fun! Register for it here
3. eCommerce software – Instamojo
Not to toot our own horn, but if you are wondering what SaaS tool we are, this is it. Instamojo is your eCommerce website builder– and a SaaS platform with more than just payments to offer. If you have an online presence, check out the Instamojo online store. You can set it up for free and upgrade it to your preferred plan whenever you wish to.
4. Customer Support Software – Syrow
You probably have to deal with customers – especially if you are in the B2C segment. A good SaaS tool you can use is Syrow; a top customer service outsourcing SaaS company.
What sets Syrow apart from the rest of the customer support companies out there? The company’s success in this venture is largely due to a unique and futuristic AI + Human-based approach towards customer care.
Disclaimer: All the tools listed above (except IPIX) can be found on the Instamojo mojoDeveloper platform or the Instamojo app store. You can find them here.
5. Marketing management with EngageBay
EngageBay is an integrated marketing, sales, and support-friendly automation (with free CRM software) and it is considerably more economical for small businesses who want to level up their marketing game. EngageBay’s sales tools also offer contact management, email tracking, telephony, appointment scheduling, project management, gamification & more.
Why small businesses need SaaS tools?
Over 64% of small businesses now rely on SaaS tools to boost productivity and drive growth. It does not matter what size your business is, a majority of businesses today want to invest in these applications, in the next 2-3 years.
To sum it all up:
- SaaS platforms do not require you to install and run software applications on a computer or laptop.
- Simply log in to your account from any device. and everything is available to you.
Another study by smallbiztrends showed that over 85% of small businesses plan to invest in SaaS over the next five years. So why miss out on a good investment opportunity for your business? If you are looking for a reliable payment gateway SaaS platform, you are already here. | <urn:uuid:8566623a-39f1-4bf6-86f3-fdbf87c3bc23> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.instamojo.com/blog/top-saas-tools-small-businesses-india/?utm_source=imblog&utm_medium=interlink&utm_campaign=saas_tools | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.927509 | 1,210 | 1.570313 | 2 |
'We don't need no thought control' – Rob Gray’s fight against 'indoctrination' in accounting education
MetadataShow full item record
Altmetrics Handle Statistics
Altmetrics DOI Statistics
I have written about Rob before – about his colossal influence on social and environmental accounting research and practice and his immense contribution to accounting academia more broadly. Not only did Rob establish the Centre for Social and Environmental Accounting Research (CSEAR) and Social and Environmental Accountability Journal (SEAJ), but he was instrumental in establishing the British Accounting and Finance Association (BAFA) and The British Accounting Review (BAR). For these reasons alone, there are probably thousands of accounting scholars across the world who have benefited enormously from Rob’s trailblazing achievements. In this contribution, I want to remember Rob for another significant aspect of his scholarship. More specifically, I want to remember Rob as an inspirational accounting educator – as someone who cared deeply about his students, his subject and his profession.
Ferguson , J 2020 , ' 'We don't need no thought control' – Rob Gray’s fight against 'indoctrination' in accounting education ' , Social and Environmental Accountability Journal , vol. Latest Articles . https://doi.org/10.1080/0969160X.2020.1840410
Social and Environmental Accountability Journal
Copyright © 2020 Centre for Social and Environmental Accounting Research. This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the author created accepted manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at https://doi.org/10.1080/0969160X.2020.1840410
Items in the St Andrews Research Repository are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. | <urn:uuid:9691a1b6-3149-4d92-9631-62f6507b1821> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/handle/10023/25298 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.922089 | 441 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Why can be slot machine gaming so hard to kick? Why is usually qq slot coined the “crack cocaine of addiction”? Exactly why is slot machine playing regarded as being the MOST habit forming form of casino that will exists today?
I will test to answer these queries in this article. The particular questions are usually significant, together with the answers will help you to reveal why so many individuals have got gotten hooked with the “slots”, “pokies”, in addition to “fruit machines” Ekings.
Slot devices use what is identified for you to emotional behaviorists because “intermittent reinforcement” Basically, just what this means is the fact that a winning hand on a slot machine merely transpires sometimes.
This type connected with support is known for you to be very powerful since an individual is only rewarded at certain times. This may create an addicting response, resulting obsession rather quickly. When you encourage only occasionally., it is usually sure to create an obsessive reaction.
In supplement, studies have shown that will the neurotransmitter dopamine performs an important purpose within developing a gambling craving. Dopamine is known while the “feel good” chemical type. The illusions of designs in slot machines, and the intermittent winning grabs generate a rush of dopamine in the brain the fact that makes people wish continuing play.
You have most likely been told in the history that gambling individuals are usually “addicted to the action”and not really as interested in winning dollars like they may imagine these people are. This is because the dopamine rush can be so powerful in addition to pleasurable, that the action of gambling becomes euphoric within its’ own right. This can be a means it itself rather than means to an ending.
The role of dopamine with the brain is incredibly significant and even powerful. People with Parkinsons Ailments who also were being taking medicinal drugs in order to increase dopamine in their particular brains were becoming addicted to gaming, specifically, slot machine gambling. As soon as all these individuals stopped the medicine , their addictive and fanatical gambling stopped. This occurred to a significant sum of men and women taking these kinds of types of medications.
Slot machine game addiction is considered to be the “crack cocaine” of gambling intended for a good few different factors.
Split cocaine is one regarding the just about all highly addicting drugs that exists these days. Slot machine gaming will be also considered to end up being the most habit forming kind of gambling… hands lower.
Both can likewise get when compared with each other because of the very quick, increasing progress of the addiction. A person can easily hit full despair together with devastation with a slot machine habit in one to 3 years. Other forms connected with casino do not boost as quickly.
Another contrast is how both equally types of addiction can produce such debasement, despondency and even despair because of the power plus intensity connected with the addictive substance/behavior.
Obtaining, prostitution, drugs, lack of career, marriage, and costs happen to be common with the two of these addictions. You may have heard apprehension stories involving individuals with either connected with these addictive problems. These experiences are all too typical.
This is why, it is pretty easy to compare slot machine addiction to crack crack addiction. The common characteristics of each addictions can be quite amazing.
Exactly why is Position Machine Addiction Considered Typically the MANY Addictive Form associated with Gambling?
This particular question is related to the over 2 areas that My partner and i have protected, except for some sort of few other aspects which I believe are worthy of noting:
o Slot machine machines are intended by individuals and other professionnals who are specifically advised to be able to design slot machines to help jump on and addict men and women.
um The new video mulit-line electric slot models have graphics and colours that will are very compelling together with rousing to the eye.
o This songs inside video slot machines is pretty stimulating, repetitive, alluring, and truly rewarding. There is certainly solid subconsciente suggestion on this.
o The bonus times at video slot machines can encourage continued play, possibly amidst great losses, since bonus rounds are pretty fascinating and provide a good rush.
to The speed of play, plus the rate of modern slot piece of equipment continues your adrenaline growing, especially with all of often the above factors.
u This jackpots in slot machines can certainly be huge, however, the likelihood of winning these jackpots are usually equivalent to winning this powerball lottery, if not necessarily more improbable.
um Slot machine machines can be some sort of place to “zone out”. Today’s slot machines can certainly put you into a new hypnotizing hypnotic trance that is usually hard to break out and about of.
to Slot tools require little as well as no skill, making that uncomplicated to just take a seat right now there and push the buttons, without a thought, priority, or perhaps contemplation.
u This is very easy to preserve playing slot machines because most acknowledge dollar bills, and present players coupons on stopping play. Money manages to lose its’ value and will become “monopoly” money.
o ATM Devices are usually in close proximity to often the slots, again, encouraging ongoing have fun.
o Many position machines employ denominations involving 1 cent to 5 dollars. This fools this gambler into thinking that they are not spending much. What will be definitely not being said, however, is that the maximum bet will be able to be as large like $15 to 20 dollars for every spin. Is this a real penny or maybe nickel unit? | <urn:uuid:1ba4a064-96bc-4d73-b580-0f7e7c060b17> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.badulakebilbao.com/the-reason-why-is-slot-models-gaming-regarded-typically-the-crack-cocaine-of-gambling-addiction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.955272 | 1,170 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Mortality in Virginia
- Virginia Population: 8,535,519 (12th highest)
- Population Density: 115.78 per square mile (21st most dense)
- Median Age: 38.7 (23rd youngest)
- Deaths Per Year: 69,359
- Annual Deaths Per 100,000: 814.3
- Life Expectancy at Birth: 79
- Fertility Rate (births per 1,000 women age 15-44): 57.8 (20th lowest rate)
Leading Causes of Death in Virginia
|Cause of Death||Deaths Per Year||Deaths Per 100,000||National Rank|
|Accidents (includes vehicle accidents)
|Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases (e.g., emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma)
|Kidney Disease (nephritis, nephrosis, nephrotic syndrome)
|Pneumonia + Flu
|Liver Disease / Cirrhosis
Virginia has the 12th highest population among U.S. states and—between 2010 and 2019—grew at a rate about 5% faster than the rate of population growth nationally. Virginia’s fertility rate is 20th lowest in the nation (tied with North Carolina).
With a median age of 38.7 years, Virginia is tied with Wyoming for 23rd youngest state—though still a little older than the overall national median age.
Adjusted for age, Virginia’s mortality rate is 17th lowest in the U.S. and nearly identical to nearby Washington, D.C. Virginia’s average life expectancy of 79.1 years ties Idaho for 19th
Virginia’s mortality rates for most major health-related causes of death are close to or a little below the overall national rates. The exception is kidney disease, in which Virginia’s rate is 9th. For these reasons and more, we here at IBUSA will typically try to help applicants from Virginia first qualify for term life insurance with no exam.
For those that won’t be able to qualify for such a policy, getting life insurance with a top company requiring a medical exam is still a viable option.
Finally, some people with pre-existing conditions may need to consider final expense insurance as an alternative.
Virginia has the nation’s 10th lowest rate of deaths due to preventable accidents. Virginia’s rates of death due to vehicle accidents, falls, and accidental poisoning are all below the rate for the U.S. as a whole—though Virginia is slightly higher for choking deaths. Thsi among other reasons is why we’ll often recommend that our clients at least consider purchasing an additional accidental death policy as a way to supplement any traditional life insurance coverage they may already have.
Homicide, Suicide and Firearms
Virginia has the nation’s 11th and 24th lowest rates of suicide and homicide, respectively. For all firearm-related deaths, Virginia ties Pennsylvania for 18th lowest, with 11.7 deaths per 100,000 population.
For 2020, Virginia had a COVID-19 death rate of 57.1 per 100,000—tied with West Virginia for 10th lowest in the nation. Through August, 2021, Virginia’s rate rose to 136 COVID deaths per 100,000, which is 13th
ate of 10.5 vehicle deaths per 100,000, Virginia is the Southeast’s safest state for motorists.
Virginia is the 4th best rated state in the U.S. for air and water quality.
U.S. Dept of Ag., Economic Research Service, https://data.ers.usda.gov/reports.aspx?ID=17827 (citing U.S. Census Bureau, 2019).
StatsAmerica (Ind. Bus. Research Center), Median Age in 2019.
CDC, Natl. Center for Health Statistics, State & Territorial Data (2018 – 2019).
Kaiser Family Foundation, Number of Deaths per 100,000 Population (2019).
CDC, Natl. Center for Health Statistics, Life Expectancy at Birth by State (2018).
CDC, Natl. Center for Health Statistics, Fertility Rates by State (2019).
CDC, Natl. Center for Health Statistics, Stats of the States (2021).
Natl. Safety Council, State Overview Table: 2019 (preventable-injury-related death rates per 100,000 population by state of residence, United States, 2019).
CDC, Natl. Center for Health Statistics, Provisional Death Rates for COVID-19 (2020).
New York Times, Coronavirus in the U.S.: Latest Map and Case Count (Aug. 12, 2021).
Natl. Safety Council, Motor-Vehicle Deaths by State (2019).
United Health Foundation, America’s Health Rankings, 2020 Annual Report: Virginia | <urn:uuid:c0a75e8f-e312-48cb-bf58-adf4a1fd793d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://insurancebrokersusa.com/virginia-mortality-rates/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.8721 | 1,298 | 2.5 | 2 |
A skunked term is a word or phrase whose meaning is changing in such a way that it becomes difficult for people to be sure they are using it correctly.
While terms transition from one meaning to another, they may be used for different and even opposite meanings, which can problematize their use in communications. Skunked terms can also cause issues for software, such as natural language processing (NLP), chatbots, expert systems and machine learning applications, which are reliant on human-generated definitions and may have difficulty with ambiguous terms, especially if the context is not clear.
The lexicographer Bryan A. Garner coined skunked term in the 2008 edition of his guide, Garner’s Modern American Usage. According to Garner, the meaning of a given term may be a point of contention between linguistic purists and liberals for anywhere from ten years to a hundred and should be avoided in formal writing while the disagreement is at its peak:
"A word is most hotly disputed in the middle part of this process: any use of it is likely to distract some readers. The new use seems illiterate to Group 1; the old use seems odd to Group 2. The word has become 'skunked.'"
Common examples of words that are or have been skunk terms include decimate to mean almost destroyed, rather than the original meaning of to kill one in ten and literally to mean figuratively, as in "I literally died" when it is apparent that the speaker is still living. Although linguistic prescriptivists (sticklers, basically) still rail against that use of literally, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, it has been valid for some hundreds of years. Other skunkings involve forms of words such as singular data, criteria and agenda rather than datum, criterium and agendum. Skunked terms can also arise from misused words that catch on, and back formations of existing words.
Language is constantly evolving in the way it is used, and changes in the way words and phrases are used can come about in a number of ways. Verbed nouns, which are very popular in business, are immediately skunked because some people will use them enthusiastically while others deny their validity strenuously. Incentivize, formed from incentive, and Bangalored to mean offshored to Bangalore are a couple of examples.
Skunked terms are common in IT, despite the fact that clarity is essential in technological environments and business writing. The word robot, for example, has always been defined as a machine. However, the term has more recently been used to also refer to software systems with some degree of intelligence and autonomy, such as expert systems, chatbots and virtual assistants. Another evolving situation involves the definition(s) of dark web / deep web. The terms are increasingly used synonymously although their official meaning is distinct.
For technical writers, experts recommend that you avoid skunked terms if possible and otherwise provide enough additional information that the meaning is clear. | <urn:uuid:5c44a031-ff09-4747-974c-3ff87706ee8c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/skunked-term | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.971215 | 613 | 3.21875 | 3 |
In the latest instance of an organisation finally acknowledging racism is a thing they should maybe do something about, the North American Scrabble Players Association will soon vote on whether to ban slurs in tournament play. Because apparently the N-word was considered acceptable up until now.
The members of the NASPA’s Advisory Board will vote on whether to expunge 226 offensive terms from its word list within the next few days, after CEO John Chew proposed the move on behalf of the Executive Committee.
“I have felt for a long time that there are some words in our lexicon that we hang onto in the mistaken belief that our spelling them with tiles on a board strips them of their power to cause harm,” Chew wrote in a June 20 letter to the association’s members.
“When we play a slur, we are declaring that our desire to score points in a word game is of more value to us than the slur’s broader function as a way to oppress a group of people.”
Chew stated discussions concerning the use of slurs in Scrabble had been ongoing within the NASPA “for many years.” The game had also previously been criticised for allowing bigoted language.
However, this latest development only came about after a player in the NASPA’s Facebook group asked what the association was doing regarding the Black Lives Matter movement. This prompted another player to suggest removing the N-word in solidarity, sparking “a spirited discussion.”
“I couldn’t have found a bigger wedge issue if I tried,” Chew told the New York Times.
Some of that debate was recapped in Chew’s letter, in which he listed reasons given for and against removing slurs. One of the arguments against it was that doing so would be “like tearing down statues of Confederate figures.” This was also an argument for it.
Though Chew formulated the original list of potentially banned words, it was subsequently revised following invited input from the public. The list currently under consideration includes offensive words regarding ethnicity, religion, gender, sexuality, and disability, as well as anatomical and scatological insults.
SEE ALSO: #BlackLivesMatter saw tremendous growth on social media. Now what?
Scrabble manufacturer Hasbro is not involved in maintaining the NASPA’s word list, however the company does license the name “Scrabble” to the association. Speaking to the New York Times, Hasbro spokesperson Julie Duffy stated the company will be changing the official Scrabble rules “to make clear that slurs are not permissible in any form of the game.” The NASPA’s decision will likely impact online versions of Scrabble as well, as the association licenses its word list to software developers.
Mashable has reached out to both Hasbro and Chew for comment.
It’s good that literally spelling out slurs will probably be banned in Scrabble tournaments soon. However, it’s also disappointing that there had to be global outcry before people stopped using racist, discriminatory language to literally score points. | <urn:uuid:796899ed-b6bc-4b35-91f7-70ef7d96bccd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scottibellis.com/scrabble-tournaments-may-soon-ban-slurs-because-they-didnt-before.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.969513 | 652 | 1.5 | 2 |
By Junno Arocho Esteves
Catholic News Service
VATICAN CITY — God’s kingdom is not a well-organized structure where only strict adherents of the law can enter but a path that is walked upon every day with meekness and docility, Pope Francis said.
Christians are called to walk that path of the kingdom and not fall victim to "a behavior of rigidity" that prevents the Holy Spirit from growing, the pope said in his homily Oct. 25 during his morning Mass in the Domus Sanctae Marthae.
"The kingdom does not grow in this way and neither do we grow. It is docility to the Holy Spirit that makes us grow and be transformed," he said.
The pope reflected on the day’s Gospel from St. Luke, in which Jesus compares the kingdom of God to a mustard seed that grows into a large bush and like yeast that is mixed with flour "until the whole batch of dough is leavened."
Jesus’ comparison of the kingdom to a mustard seed and the yeast, the pope said, is a reminder that in order for the Holy Spirit to grow, it must first "die" and transform into something great in one’s life.
However, it can only grow "through docility to the strength of the Holy Spirit," he said.
"The flour ceases to be flour and becomes bread because it is docile to the strength of the yeast, and the yeast allows itself to be mixed in with the flour" and becomes bread for everyone, the pope said.
Men and women who are docile to the action of the spirit, he continued, also become like the mustard that, "although it loses its identity as a seed, becomes something else, something bigger, it transforms."
Christians who do not walk this path of transformation, he warned, will instead become rigid and orphaned.
"A rigid person only has masters and no father. The kingdom of God is like a mother that grows and is fertile; she gives of herself so that her children have food and lodging, according to the example of the Lord," Pope Francis said.
"It is docility to the Holy Spirit that makes us grow and be transformed like the yeast and the seed. May the Lord give us all the grace of this docility," he said.
– – –
Follow Arocho on Twitter: @arochoju.
– – –
Copyright © 2016 Catholic News Service/U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops. www.catholicnews.com. All rights reserved. Republishing or redistributing of CNS content, including by framing or similar means without prior permission, is prohibited. You may link to stories on our public site. This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. To request permission for republishing or redistributing of CNS content, please contact permissions at email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:03efcde9-c360-4f79-a29b-08e03b8a5fa0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://catholiccourier.com/articles/pope-the-kingdom-of-god-grows-through-meekness-not-rigidity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.964144 | 613 | 1.835938 | 2 |
In this article from Huffington Post, the author, Antonia Blumberg, talks about a popular TV show on National Geographic, hosted by Morgan Freeman. As the most watched TV show on National Geographic, it has a large audience and is widely popular. Freeman travels around the world, meeting with people of all faiths, and tries to understand the religious concepts unique to various religions. What makes this show so successfull, however, is not because it pits two religions against eachother, or even that it discriminates against certain religions or condemns certain aspects of faith. It is so successful because it brings a multitude of different religions together, and shows the similarities instead of the differences. Each person Freeman interviews talks about how important religion is to the structure of his or her life. He explores how each religion promotes community and good deeds, and how each person feels a sense of belonging thanks to his or her respective religion.
This relates to last class’s topic of “religion as meaning and belonging” because Freeman focuses on the similarities of each person he interviews, and one thing they all have in common is a sense of belonging within their religious community. In the movie we watched last class, the two people being interviewed practiced different religions, but they both talked about the importance of religion in their life and how their religious community gives them a sense of belonging. Although religions may differ from one another, the aspect of providing a community and sense of belonging does not. | <urn:uuid:777887b9-cb22-43b9-bda2-a42a1cc18e16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://soan232.coolsociology.net/2017/01/18/morgan-freeman-explores-what-unites-the-worlds-religions-in-the-story-of-god/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.961529 | 296 | 2.703125 | 3 |
BNP on Thursday alleged that the Election Commission (EC) is going to enact the ‘Political Party Registration Act’ to transfer its power to the government for controlling the registration of political parties and their election systems.
“The Election Commission is handing over its power to the government. That is why an election commissioner has protested it by giving a note of dissent. The power they (EC) have got regarding the registration of political parties through the RPO is now giving it to the government by enacting a separate law,” said BNP senior joint secretary general Ruhul Kabir Rizvi.
He came up with the remarks while talking to reporters after paying homage to National Poet Kazi Nazrul Islam by placing wreaths at his grave, marking his 44th death anniversary, reports UNB.
Meanwhile, the Election Commission approved the draft of Political Party Registration Act as it thinks a separate law for political party's registration is necessary since local government elections are now being held with party symbols.
Election Commissioner Mahbub Talukdar on Wednesday gave a note of dissent opposing the EC's move to have a separate law for political parties' registration as he thinks it will only make the RPO, 1972 into a "handicapped law".
Rizvi said the government wants to keep the issue of registration of political parties in its hands by enacting the law as part of a move to make its power absolute.
He also said the government is trying to enhance its power further to control the entire election system by weakening the EC.
The BNP leader said the government has destroyed democracy and snatched people’s rights through repressive acts. “Election is one of the pre-conditions to democracy. Now that election is not held at daytime but at night. The works and writings of great poet Nazrul inspire us to speak up against such injustice and unfairness.” | <urn:uuid:b7de3570-ea75-4a6a-a3f5-1299fa996348> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/public/index.php/print/bnp-slams-move-to-enact-law-over-party-registration-1598536738 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.978008 | 392 | 1.78125 | 2 |
In a speech headlined, not surprisingly, by border security issues, education made a one-sentence cameo.
“The time has come to pass school choice for America’s children,” President Trump said in his State of the Union address Tuesday night.
The brief mention offered no specifics about a proposal — or what federal school choice legislation might look like.
Trump’s pitch for school choice is not unprecedented. He has advocated for choice in the past, and his previous budget proposals have sought to siphon U.S. Department of Education dollars into school choice. And Betsy DeVos, Trump’s education secretary, is an ardent school choice advocate.
If Trump’s brief mention of choice was no surprise, the national reactions were just as predictable. Randi Weingarten, president of the American Federation of Teachers, dinged Trump for failing to mention public education. Jeanne Allen, CEO of the school choice-friendly Center for Education Reform, hailed the mention as a first step. “It’s a significant milestone when a president singles out a major education issue in the State of the Union address.”
Meanwhile, Alyson Klein of Education Week noted a key education topic that went entirely unmentioned: the fate of the 250,000 students and 9,000 teachers who are in the United States under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program. The program remains in legal limbo. An estimated 3,100 Idaho “Dreamers” are in the state under DACA, which protects undocumented immigrants from deportation.
After Tuesday night’s speech, U.S. Rep. Mike Simpson took a holistic tack. “I look forward to working with the President and members of both parties to secure our border, enact meaningful immigration reform, and address DACA.” | <urn:uuid:8740f131-d7f8-41bf-8c3c-c5fe5d12619b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.idahoednews.org/kevins-blog/trump-touches-on-school-choice-in-state-of-the-union/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.963772 | 371 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Ten of the Best: Teenage novels with gay or lesbian characters
‘While the internet now provides questioning teens with information about gay sexuality, fiction still deals best with the emotional issues involved – as well as explaining these to all teen readers,’ says Ju Gosling. Here she chooses the ten teen titles which are her personal favourites.
Joanna Kendrick, Barrington Stoke, 64pp, 978 1 8429 9764 2, £5.99 pbk
Out is an illustrated quick read, told from the perspective of Natalie who falls in love with best friend Will just as he decides to come out at school. Natalie never does tell Will how she feels, but supports him when she realizes he is determined to be open and honest whatever the personal cost. A simple story, well told, and well illustrated by Julia Page.
Boy Meets Boy
David Levithan, HarperCollins, 224pp, 978-0007191376, hbk. OP but some copies available from Amazon UK. Pbk available from Amazon US.
Coming out is easy in Boy Meets Boy, because the gay and straight scenes in Paul’s exceptionally tolerant US home town ‘got all mixed up’. Paul has known he is gay since his kindergarten teacher wrote it on his report, and has been out ever since. When new boy Noah arrives, though, it becomes clear that homophobia isn’t the only thing that prevents the path of true love from running smoothly. Deservedly award-winning.
Damian Kelleher, Piccadilly, 192pp, 978 1 8481 2003 7, £6.99 pbk
Life, Interrupted is another hard-hitting book. Brothers Luke and Jesse live with their mother and rarely see their father, who is living in Scotland with a second family. After their mother develops terminal cancer and dies, they form a new family when their Uncle Stu moves in. That he turns out to be gay is rightly seen as being unimportant; love is what counts. Highly moving and extremely readable.
50 Cent, Quercus, 320pp, 978 1 7808 7330 5, £6.99 pbk
The fact that a parent’s coming-out may not be so easily accepted is dealt with in Playground. Butterball is a self-described fat Black kid, who is struggling to deal with his parents’ separation and his move from New York to the suburbs. When the story opens, he has just been suspended from school and ordered to undergo therapy for assaulting a fellow pupil. It takes the whole of the book for Butterball to realize that his former friend was right to suggest that his mother is gay, and that her ‘friend’ is actually her partner. Beautifully written and paced.
Ed. Keith Gray, Andersen, 256pp, 978 1 8493 9099 6, £5.99 pbk
Losing It (virginity, that is) includes a short story by Patrick Ness, ‘Different for Boys’. Ant is secretly having sex with Charlie, who in public derides former friend Jack for being gay. Jack unwittingly outs Ant in school, so Charlie beats Ant up for supposedly making a pass at him. Ant and Jack reconcile, but they take Charlie at his word that he is ‘just practising’ for women. Ant concludes that it is ‘different for boys’, and he can decide for himself when he ceases to feel like a virgin. Written with a strong boy’s voice.
Lili Wilkinson, Allen & Unwin, 264pp, 978 1 7417 5834 4, £6.99 pbk
Lili Wilkinson stresses that sexual orientation may not be fixed in Pink. Ava’s liberal academic parents have already celebrated her coming out, but she transfers schools to escape her girlfriend Chloe and to find out who she really is, a truth she suspects is not so clear-cut. The story explores issues around peer pressure and parental pressure in a touching and often humorous way, and teaches that everyone is happier when they can be accepted as themselves. Australians seem to be more comfortable writing teen fiction with lesbian themes, and this comfort level transfers itself to the reader.
About a Girl
Joanne Horniman, Allen & Unwin, 228pp, 978 1 7423 7144 3, £6.99 pbk
About a Girl similarly highlights the ambiguities of sexual orientation as well as being a coming-out story. Anna has dropped out of college with depression and moved to Lismore to work in a bookshop. She soon meets and falls in love with Flynn, a waitress and part-time singer, but their relationship is short-lived. Flynn returns to her boyfriend, now back from a year abroad, and Anna returns to her family in Canberra and university, finally able to come out to her mother. A satisfying read that deals with some complex issues.
Geraldine Meade, Little Island, 288pp, 978 1 9081 9501 2, £7.99 pbk
Set in Ireland, Flick tackles a subject that is increasingly being aired in LesBi women’s circles, namely the self-destructive behaviours that can result from struggling to come out in a world that is less than welcoming, which if not tackled can last a lifetime. 16-year-old Flick’s drinking exposes her to unwanted sexual attentions and even rape before she is able to come out to her friends and family, and her lack of comfort with her sexual orientation then almost loses Flick her girlfriend, Joey. Fortunately, with counselling and family support, everything changes by Flick’s 17th birthday.
Keeping You a Secret
Julie Anne Peters, Little Brown, 256pp, 978 0 3160 0985 0, £4.99 pbk
Family support is the last thing that student council president Holland receives in Keeping You a Secret. Transfer student Cece is out and proud, and soon makes Holland realize that her feelings for boyfriend Seth are not ‘the real thing’. Holland begins a relationship with Cece, but it is Cece who urges her to keep their relationship a secret, even after Seth outs Holland to her family and they reject her. Holland is able to live independently and find a college course that really suits her with support from the LGBT community, though, and finally understands that Cece is simply scared of losing her.
10 Always Mackenzie
Kate Constable, Allen & Unwin, 192pp, 978 1 7423 7766 7, £5.99 pbk
Last but by no means least, Always Mackenzie is another Australian coming-out story. Jem and Mackenzie are in different friendship groups, but are thrown together when their school spends a term in a bush camp. Jem fails to grasp the fact that Mackenzie is attracted to her, and so once they return to Melbourne their friendship breaks down again in a series of misunderstandings. When Mackenzie is finally able to come out to her, though, Jem begins to consider that she may also be attracted to girls. Sensitively written and very readable.
Dr Ju Gosling is director of Bettany Press, a small press specializing in books about 20th century girls’ fiction (www.bettanypress.co.uk). She is also a Co-Chair of Regard, the national LGBT disabled people’s organization. | <urn:uuid:bc30aa73-5450-4c61-b771-3f01634cefec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://booksforkeeps.co.uk/article/ten-of-the-best-teenage-novels-with-gay-or-lesbian-characters/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.964364 | 1,556 | 1.53125 | 2 |
The viability of any technology, from the simplest to the most complex, is a function of the degree to which it can be tested — and that’s exactly why even small incremental developments in the validation and verification realm are so important to the bigger picture. Case in point: a recent trio of minor announcements from Keysight Technologies that, considered out of context, might not seem like big news. But seen in perspective, each can be seen as an important building block for 5G networking and 5G-enabled devices, as well as the development of 6G.
One announcement, for instance, notes that Keysight has enhanced its 5G Network Emulation Solution to support the latest 3GPP Rel-15/16/17 features. Over the past year, as the company explained in a press release, these new updates have enabled chipset makers to develop and verify the performance of advanced 5G chipsets offering new capabilities. Keysight has collaborated with chipset makers to realize what it said are several industry-first 5G achievements — including a 10 Gbps downlink IP data throughput demonstration in June 2021 and a 3.5 Gbps UL IP data throughput demonstration in January 2022.
The 5G network emulation solution leverages the company's UXM 5G Wireless Test Platform, an integrated and compact signaling test platform with multiformat stack support, rich processing power and RF resources, to emulate a 5G NR network.
Another announcement describes how Keysight, using its S8705A RF/RRM and DVT Conformance Toolset, became the first to gain approval from the North American mobile operator organization PTCRB for test cases that accelerate certification of certain 5G devices — specifically those that support carrier aggregation (CA) using FR1 spectrum. As the company explained, mobile operators are deploying 5G NR in standalone (SA) mode to deliver faster connection times and speeds and flexibly create network slices.
And finally, in another first, Keysight announced that it was granted a Federal Communications Commission Spectrum Horizons Experimental license for developing 6G technology in sub-Terahertz (THz) frequency bands, between 95 GHz and 3 THz. The company said the license will enable it to develop cutting-edge technology used by researchers in academia and the industry to accelerate innovations supporting data-intensive high-bandwidth applications, imaging and sensing.
"Innovations in sub-THz spectrum will support use-cases such as immersive telepresence, digital twins and extended reality…real-and-virtual combined environments and human-machine interactions generated by computer technology and wearables," said Keysight 5G and 6G program director Roger Nichols. "Using the FCC Spectrum Horizons license enables Keysight to strengthen our commitment to 6G technology, which will allow innovators to pioneer across the novel terrain of future-generation communications systems.” | <urn:uuid:59536a67-5da7-46bd-9753-c0ca59faf65a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://electronics360.globalspec.com/article/17881/for-5g-and-6g-development-big-news-sometimes-comes-in-small-packages | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.925498 | 577 | 2 | 2 |
Making PCR: A Story of Biotechnology by Paul Rabinow,
University of Chicago Press, £17.95/$22.50, ISBN 0 226 70146
Six years ago, New Scientist reported on a fantastic new
invention that would revolutionise the then fledgling biotechnology industry
(“Genes Unlimited”, 14 April 1990, p 29). A lone researcher in a small American
start-up company had realised with a flash of inspiration that there was a way
to make millions of accurate copies of any sequence of DNA. It could be done so
fast that all other methods of amplifying a gene or sequence of bases would seem
as outmoded as hot-metal printing after the advent of phototypesetting.
According to the article, Kary Mullis of Cetus Corporation, near San
Francisco, shouted “Eureka” when he first successfully realised his
idea—the polymerase chain reaction—in the laboratory. Anthropologist
Paul Rabinow paints a very different picture of the process of discovery in
Making PCR: A Story of Biotechnology.
Rabinow teases out every possible detail of the discovery of PCR, which was
ultimately to lead to a Nobel prize for Mullis and the sale of the PCR
technology and of Cetus itself for a total of approximately $1 billion.
The news reports, personal profiles and feature articles portrayed PCR as the
idealised scientific process of discovery, but by carefully reconstructing the
political and scientific world of Cetus Corporation during the 1980s, Rabinow
shows that the creation of PCR could not possibly have been either a single
event or a Eureka experience for any one scientist.
Biotechnology has been around for centuries, if not millennia, in the brewing
industry and more recently in the manufacture of antibiotics and vitamins by
fermentation. During the 1970s, however, terms such as “genetic engineering”,
“recombinant DNA” and “cloning” began to appear more frequently in the molecular
biology laboratory and on the lips of Californian professors than in the pages
of science-fiction novels and fantasy magazines.
The regulatory environment in the US at this time encouraged the development
of these methods of manipulating the very stuff of heredity. Commercial and
economic forces began to push the resulting technology—recombinant
veterinary vaccines, antenatal infection diagnostics—off the bench and lab
book and into the clinic. Interferons were being touted as the next miracle
cancer cure, while élite academics could readily grab tens of thousands
of dollars simply for being on the other end of a biotech company director’s
phone as a consultant.
While many ideas began to take off and venture capital poured in, the
putative field of genetic diagnostics was one area that was not coming together
as well as may have been anticipated, despite the high-powered consultants and
regulatory approval. So-called restriction enzymes had been isolated from
bacteria and used for cutting up DNA into smaller, bite-sized chunks that could
be handled more easily by experimentalists. A “modified” version of gel
electrophoresis—Southern blotting—allowed these chunks to be
identified and their lengths compared. This method took several lengthy steps to
reach its goal, however, and involved undesirable radioactive reagents.
A “workaround” known as oligomer restriction was developed, which was
promising at first. It avoided large quantities of radiolabelled reagents, but
still lacked the sensitivity required of a potential diagnostic tool because it
was dealing with such tiny quantities of DNA. The problem was perceived at the
time as one of how to amplify the signal. No one had considered looking at it
from the other end and finding a way to amplify the sample itself.
That is where Mullis enters the picture— although he was apparently
unaware of this at the time. He was an organic chemist and intrigued by
iterative processes. On his Amiga personal computer at home and the powerful VAX
machine at Cetus, he began toying with fractals, fascinated by how the
repetition of a simple equation over and over again could yield exponentially
complex results. It was mathematical notions such as these circulating in his
head that inspired the idea of PCR.
The story has it that Mullis was driving the long journey home from the Cetus
labs one Friday night in spring 1983. He was puzzling over the problem of how to
improve the sensitivity of Cetus’s genetic test for sickle-cell anaemia. He
pondered what it might take to identify a single base at a given position in the
winding road of the DNA molecule.
He carried out a thought experiment that involved iterating the usual
sequence of chemical events used in isolating a target site in DNA. What if,
instead of pulling out the target at the end, the whole thing was fed through
the system again, reheating to denature the material, cooling and adding the
polymerase enzyme used to build the complementary DNA strand?
The simple mixture might begin with two strands, but then two would become
four as the double helices were uncoiled by the heat and the enzyme built a
second strand on each half. Four could then become eight, and eight, sixteen
with the resulting exponential replication of the original DNA. The problem of
sensitivity would be resolved effectively because there would be so much of the
target that analysts would not have to worry about isolation or
It seems that at this point the picture of who discovered what and when
becomes less than clear. Mullis was to spend the summer of 1983 imagining things
he might like to know, but not actually undertaking any experiments. According
to literature searches carried out by Mullis, no one had had the idea before,
but despite this, according to Rabinow, something delayed him for several
months. Perhaps it was a personal upheaval or discouraging responses to his idea
from colleagues at Cetus.
Eventually, he began practical experiments, but early results were
unsatisfactory. When he finally did get what seemed a reasonable result, it
still would not have stood up to normal scientific standards, believes Rabinow.
Some kind of reaction was clearly taking place.
Internal politics at Cetus had Mullis’s job on the line at one point. There
was no strong evidence that his idea was either viable or worth pursuing. By the
spring of 1985, however, a team effort had led to results that showed they could
amplify genomic DNA hundreds of thousands of times. At this point, Cetus began
to hint vaguely at external meetings and symposiums that their scientists could
increase a target gene. The first patent application for PCR was filed in March
In December 1985, the first paper appeared in Science with Mullis as
one coauthor among seven. Mullis’s own paper describing his discovery was
submitted to Nature in the same month it was rejected. It was rejected
again by Science because the December paper had covered the technique
in detail. By the time Mullis’s paper (coauthored by Fred Faloona) appeared in
the journal Methods in Enzymology, its message was well known and
technical details on how to amplify DNA were circulating within Cetus and
Mullis left Cetus in the autumn of 1986, having washed his hands of the
publishing debacle. It was, according to Rabinow, almost two years later that
the first commercial products based on PCR were produced, so he considers it
reasonable to say all of the crucial work into development might have been done
after Mullis left. In the early 1980s there were no molecular DNA tests for
genetic diseases, no genetic fingerprinting for paternity and forensics, and the
human genome project was but a twinkle. PCR, by multiplying DNA, opened the door
for biotechnology. The Nobel committee recognised Mullis as its sole inventor,
but, as Rabinow and his various Cetus interviewees will have it, this simply
qualified the account of the discovery created by Mullis himself. PCR was a team
game, although the basic concept was Mullis’s work. Rabinow’s account of the
chain of events makes for an intriguing read that raises many questions about
our understanding of the twisting process of discovery itself. | <urn:uuid:db88f28d-df10-4f9a-8dbc-ae957dec9e28> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg15020294-500-review-on-the-chain-gang/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.965511 | 1,795 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.