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Another senior center hike -- this one in the Talus Rocks area of Tiger Mountain.
Definition of talus.
1 :a slope formed especially by an accumulation of rock debris.
2 :rock debris at the base of a cliff.
The aptly named Talus Rocks Trail took us to this accumulation of huge boulders. For scale: the wooden barricade is about four feet tall. Also, check out a few of the senior center hikers in the background.
(Click on photos to enlarge.)
A tight squeeze between those giant-sized rocks!
Taking a few minutes to grab a drink of water in a beautiful setting.
Altogether we covered seven miles with an overall elevation gain of 1,000 feet. Whew! My only complaint (besides being tired at the end) is that the trails were covered with a layer of wet leaves which hid slippery rocks. It would have been easy to turn an ankle on a hidden obstacle. It might be better to explore these trails in spring or summer when rocks on the path would be visible.
We started at the hiking symbol on the map below (Tradition Plateau) and meandered along the trails in this order (as best I can remember):
Bus Trail (there's an abandoned, rusty school bus by the trail - wish I'd paused to take a picture!)
Talus Rocks Trail
Section Line Trail
High School Trail
Brink Trail (overlooks a deep ravine)
Swamp Trail (alongside a boggy area)
Around the Lake Trail
FYI: The Swamp Trail (a 1/3-mile-long self-guided trail) features "Zoe and the Swamp Monster" with placards along the path that tell a story. My granddaughter would love it! (Link: Swamp Trail)
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To enjoy a variety of beautiful pictures from around the world visit | <urn:uuid:b667b193-304b-449f-9067-d8b429399a23> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sandranachlinger.blogspot.com/2017/12/talus-rocks-saturdaysnapshots.html?showComment=1512374675153 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.946975 | 455 | 1.617188 | 2 |
« ÎnapoiContinuați »
35, 114, 154, 193, 273, 312, 353, 393, 443
REGISTER OF EVENTS 40, 79, 119, 159, 198, 238, 278, 319, 359, 399, 449
NOTICES AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 40, 80, 120, 160, 160, 200, 280, 320, 360
W. WILBERFORCE, EsQ
Church of England Magazine.
The commencement of another and deepen that feeling of solemnity year is a solemn and impressive which the season is itself calculated season; it reminds us that we are to produce. The year that is past one year nearer to our latter end ;
has been no common year; -we that we are rapidly approaching to live at a striking era; and apthat solemn account which we pear on the eve of great events; must one day give; that our period we are therefore called to stand of preparation for that most im- upon our watch-tower, to observe portant event-our opportunities the signs of the times, and to of deriving spiritual benefit for seek for grace and wisdom, that ourselves, or of promoting the our paths may be directed aright eternal welfare of others, are pass- through those difficulties and daning away ; and that yet a little while gers with which we may shortly be and it shall be emphatically de- exercised. nounced to us that “ Time shall The sword, the famine, and the be no longer.”—God grant that we, pestilence are spoken of in scripand that every
be ture as God's sore evils, with which excited to work the works of Him he afflicts the guilty nations. He that hath sent us while it is day, has in mercy vouchsafed unto us an remembering that the right cometh abundant harvest, and has thus for when no man can work.
the present removed the
appreIntimations of this nature are hension of famine. He has visited regarded by many
us indeed with pestilence, but place.;-yet they are not on this O how mercifully has he dealt account the less important; death
with us! The cholera approached and judgment are common events — our land, as if to shew the folly they are the lot of every man-all of those who imagined that human who are born into the world must precautions, or favourable circumdie-must appear at that judgment stances could check its career ; but seat--WHEN and How who can when all hands began to hang say ?-But what inconceivable re- down, and all knees to wax feeble, sults shall follow !- eternal life and the destroying angel was enjoyment on the one hand ;– hope- manded to stay his hand ;-and less and endless misery on the another proof has thus been added other. The Lord grant that we
to the unnumbered instances on may find mercy
in that day! record, that in the midst of wrath There are, however, circumstances God remembereth mercy. We trust at this moment taking place before that in the same mercy the sword eyes which
may yet be kept far from us, that JANUARY 1833.
peace may be preserved in all our
censures, since bad as their policy borders, and tranquillity be main- may be, it is in many respects tained throughout our land.
not without precedent. The same The magnitude, however, of the preference of the dictates impending danger, may well excite expediency to the declarations apprehension. We have united of God's word produced Roman with France,-with Popish and Catholic emancipation in Ireland, Infidel France,—to compel a Pro- has perpetuated slavery in the testant monarch, one of our most West Indies, and sanctioned the ancient and faithful allies, to sur- most barbarous and detestable render a part of his empire to idolatry in our eastern possessions. the demands of a formed And what emotions do these government, in which it is not three short sentences excite in the easy to say whether Popery or mind. Ireland—the West Indies Jacobinism exercises the greater -our Eastern Possessions ! influence. Great Britain therefore, IRELAND. Alas ! what awful for centuries the first Protestant consequences have resulted from
now exerting herself our recent measures in that country. against the Protestant cause; is Three years ago a spirit of seripractically aiding in the support of ous religious inquiry pervaded a an apostacy which must shortly be large part of the island. Immense overthrown ;—and who that seri- numbers of children and adults ously meditates upon the warning were reading and committing to voice, “ Come out of her my peo- memory the Holy Scriptures. The ple, that
ye be not partakers Romish Priests were in various of her sins, and that ye receive not respects compelled to concede of her plagues,” but must fear that largely to the wishes of their in this unholy alliance we are pro- people and the Protestant clergy voking the divine displeasure, and were zealously, usefully, extenmay well tremble in the prospect sively, and peacefully employed in of deserved, of awful chastisements. their important labours. What is We shall be told indeed that our now the case ?—the spirit of rerelations with France, and our ligious inquiry received a fearful aggression upon Holland are purely blow from Romish emancipationpolitical, and have nothing what- the Papists
said, and they ever to do with religion ; but reasoned fairly, “If the British assertions of this kind are only government did not know that plausible excuses for leaving God the old religion was the true out of the government of his own one, they would not have granted world. If our policy has no con- this'-and the Romanists therenexion with religion, it is infidel fore, hailed with rapture O‘Conpolicy: in proportion as we adopt nel's annunciation, '. We
. We have expediency for our rule, we lose wrung from the British governsight of Christianity; we cease to
ment the six and eight pence, now act as a Christian nation, and are boys for the thirteen and four exposed to the woe denounced pence.' Scriptural education has against those who forget God. received a fearful blow from the
Our union with France in this abstraction of thirty thousand attack upon Holland is indeed pounds from the Kildare Place only one of many instances in Society, and the Capel Street Aswhich we have, as a nation, for- sociation, and the placing of this gotten God; and this considera- large sum under a board in which tion should teach those who are no Irish protestant can have any violently assailing the present ad- confidence. The Romish Priests ministration, to moderate their are triumphant agitators, and the
protestant clergy are plundered of lion; and at this moment, when their property, in peril of their we have every prospect of a foreign lives, and many of them compelled war, our most important possessions to flee their country. Such are are prepared to throw off their the bitter fruits of legislating on allegiance, and with the most prepolitical expediency, and losing posterous hostility to our governsight of Christian principle. ment, to surrender themselves to
In the WEST INDIES, year after the guidance of any power which year passes over, and nothing can afford adequate protection. effectual is done. Hopeless, help- These are however political danless, interminable slavery is still gers, and some may perhaps conthe Negro's portion. We talk ceive, that we dwell too much on in this country of preparing the them; we will not therefore touch Negroes for emancipation; we spe- on the popular excitement, or the culate on ameliorating their condi- probable consequences of the late tion; on gradually civilizing and alterations in our national represenchristianizing these unhappy men. tation, or the increasing and appalBut the colonists laugh us to scorn, ling miseries of pauperism ; but they beard our government, they proceed at once to those perils with outrage Christian Ministers and which our church is threatened. Missionaries, and determine that We have not indeed been accusthe captive shall never go free! tomed to regard these dangers as
And what is the case in the so urgent as they appear to many EAST INDIES ; at length we have of our cotemporaries; on the conabolished the burning of the Hin- trary, the vast increase of serious, doo widows; but still we receive devoted, and diligent clergymen; into our treasury the profits of the improvement in scriptural idolatry, the price of licentiousness knowledge, moral worth, and offiand of blood; still we have hun- cial correctness of many, whose dreds and thousands of our own sentiments on some important points countrymen exposed to every temp- by no means coincide with our tation, without religious instruc- own; the public testimonies so tion; and hundreds of thousands, decidedly given to the supreme yea, millions of native subjects, importance of true religion, &c. the undisturbed slaves of evil afford us ground of hope that God affections, and detestable oppres- will be gracious both to
We have till very recently church and nation. Yet still our as a government, discouraged the church is unquestionably exposed conversion of the natives; and at this moment, to fearful assaults the little good effected in that from without; and we are compelmighty empire, has been produced led to entertain very painful doubts by the labours, and at the expence
with reference to the competence, of pious individuals, who have had and the fidelity of many who are to encounter every difficulty, and within. to struggle against privations, con- The facility with which the Irish tempt, and positive opposition, to church has been stripped of a large a degree of which comparatively part of her possessions, affords a few in this country have any most encouraging precedent to men conception.
of no principle, or of corrupt prinAnd what is the consequence ? ciple, to plunder our own estabOur legislating on political, instead lishment; yet on this point we see of Christian principles, has brought no material ground of alarm. The Ireland, the West Indies, the Mau- returns of the actual value of livritius, to say nothing of the East ings, and the real amount of eccleIndies, to the very verge of rebel- siastical possessions, will demon
Straté, that if any ecclesiastical to our church is from within. Preestablishment is to be maintained serve me from my friends, may at all, it can scarcely be supported
arcely be supported well be here applied. No advoat a cheaper rate than our own is cate of political reform ever adat present. We do not believe the vanced its cause so much as the legislature are yet prepared to ex- Duke of Wellington, when he tinguish religion, and they will declared his opposition to all retherefore most probably attempt to form. And no enemy of the Church regulate, rather than confiscate, the of England is so dangerous, as the possessions of the church. The friend who maintains her perfecincrease indeed of popish and dis- tion; who contends there is nothing senting members in the new par
to alter; who resists every conliament, will render legislation on cession ; who determinately advoecclesiastical affairs difficult ; but cates things in all respects as they the lay impropriations possessed are. The great danger of the Church by our aristocracy, will indispose of England at this moment, is the majority of both houses from not from the radicals, nor from listening to any of those sweeping the papists, nor from the dissenters, plans of spoliation which radicals but from those who, contending may desire. Thus the iniquitous that the existing system works plunder of Henry the Eighth, and well, overlook all its defects; and the rapacity of the courtiers of his who, while zealously demolishing day, by which so many of our the vain pretensions of some admost populous livings have been vocate for a paltry denomination, impoverished, will be found to con- forget that there is an immense and tribute very essentially to the secu- rapidly increasing multitude who rity of the existing establishment. are themselves of no denomination,
Nor have we any material ap- but who regard all religion as little prehension from the efforts of dis- better than priesteraft, and who senters. They, as a religious body, living themselves without God in have, within these few years, lost the world, are ready to join with ground exceedingly. We are well any, and with every party in opaware that many members of the posing and plundering those who several denominations are eminently differ from them. • It is not the pious, learned, devoted, and re- dissenters that I fear,' said one long spectable. We know that some since removed to his rest, it is the of these lament the bigotry and absenters, the consenters, the men intolerance with which the church who have no religion, or who assent has recently been assailed from to all religions alike, not regarding the platform and the press; but any distinction, or considering any the wound which has been in- denomination as deserving of preflicted is incurable; the confidence ference.' That class of no-notion once reposed is destroyed, is men has increased, and is increasdestroyed for ever; the conducting with fearful rapidity; and yet of the leading dissenters has gone their existence seems scarcely convery
far to justify the accusations templated ; and consequently no efof their bitterest enemies, and has forts are made for their diminution. produced the most painful emo- We have plans of Church reform tions in the minds of many, who, without number, and some of them differing from them in doctrine or as radical as can well be conceived. discipline, were yet prepared to The equalization of livings-the hail them in Bible, Missionary, and multiplication of bishoprics—the School Societies as fellow labour- expulsion of bishops from the ers and brethren in Christ Jesus. House of Lords—the abolition of
But the most formidable danger pluralities--the extinction of non | <urn:uuid:1df7d942-bc28-415f-a20c-75a5d6e6f841> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://books.google.ro/books?id=gg8EAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA2&vq=%22heaven+with+power+and+great+glory.+And+he+shall+send+his+angels+with%22&dq=editions:ISBN0852442904&lr=&hl=ro&output=html_text | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.957858 | 3,131 | 1.976563 | 2 |
GJMR Volume 22
TITLE AND INDICESALLLAST FIVE YEARS
Introduction & Purpose
Global Journal of Medical Research: (L) Nutrition is an international journal for publishing medical research papers. It aims to encourage and provide international publication to researchers, doctors, scientists and professors of medical research. We welcome original research, articles, surveys, review papers of all the streams of medical research from all over the world.
Objective of Journal
With advancements in computers and sensors, humans are collecting more data every day and automating it to generate better results. Studying and designing better algorithms and computing methods is now one of the major elements of research and science. This journal aims to provide academia with new methodologies and applications. Special editions of this journal may contain white papers, reports, accepted standards, and thesis.
Background: Small-diameter implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads have been introduced i...
Moderate acute malnutrition is one of the most common nutritional disorders among young children in ...
Japan’s economy made remarkably fast progress since the mid-1950s when it recovered to its pre-war... | <urn:uuid:765af109-2c19-4742-9627-16848e5f2241> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://globaljournals.us/nutrition/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.860753 | 276 | 1.789063 | 2 |
The thought of building your muscles might bring to mind long hours at the gym for months on end. Building a more shapely body is not all just physical work. It has a lot to do with figuring out how muscle is actually built, so you have the ability to select the best way to achieve your objectives in a short time. Keep reading for valuable tips on muscle building.
Vegetables are an essential part of your muscle building nutritional diet. Many muscle building diets tend to ignore vegetables and concern themselves almost exclusively with complex carbs and proteins. The essential nutrients in vegetables usually can’t be found in foods with a high protein or carbohydrate content. You can also get a good amount of fiber from them. Fiber allows your body to use the protein you consume more efficiently.
Focus on the squat, the deadlift, and the bench press. Those three make up the foundation of any good exercise routine. They have all been proven to increase muscle bulk and strength, as well as improve conditioning. No matter how you vary your routine, always perform these basic exercises.
Warming up correctly is vital when it comes to increasing your muscle mass. As muscles gain strength, they will undergo greater stress, and will thus be more vulnerable to injuries. Taking the time to warm up can prevent such injuries. Always warm up before your lifting with 5 to 10 minutes of light exercise and some lighter than normal sets.
Eating an appropriate quantity of protein helps build muscle. An excellent method of consuming an adequate amount of protein is by making use of supplements, such as protein shakes. These products are especially effective as part of a bedtime or post-workout routine. In order to drop pounds while also building muscle, try to drink one of these on a daily basis. In order to bulk up your muscles as well strengthening them, you could consume as many as 3 per day.
Keep every one of your workouts to less than 60 minutes, maximum. Your body will begin to produce cortisol, due to the stress it’s enduring, if you push beyond sixty minutes. Cortisol has been shown to block testosterone, reducing the results you achieve. For the best results, only spend 60 minutes or less working out.
Always stretch thoroughly after working out to give your muscles the best chance to repair and grow properly. For those who are under 40 years old, they need to hold stretches for at least 30 seconds. If you are over 40, hold the stretch for a minimum of 60 seconds. This will lessen the chances of your body getting injured while doing muscle building exercises.
If you are attempting to add some muscle to your body, you should ensure you’re consuming an adequate amount of protein. Protein is a key building block for muscles, so if you eat too little of it, you won’t see the same results in your muscles. You might need to eat over 100 grams of protein per day depending on your weight.
Cheating a bit when lifting can help you maximize your workout. If you need to use a bit of your body to get those last couple of reps in, it’s okay. In fact, this is a great way to increase your workout volume. Don’t cheat all the time or overdo cheating. Make sure that your rep speed is controlled. Never compromise your form.
If you want to gain muscle, put your attention on dead lifting, squatting, and bench pressing. They are the three most powerful exercises to promote fitness and increase the strength of your muscles. You can add different exercises to your routine, but these three should really be at the core.
In order to build muscle, you need to watch your calorie intake. You need to know which foods will help your efforts and which will hurt them. Consuming a poor dietary regimen builds fat instead of muscle.
Pre-exhaust is one method used to help you with muscles that might not quite be strong enough. For example, before lats on the rows, your biceps might feel fatigued. You can solve that issue by doing a type of isolation exercise that does not require use of the biceps as much. Because your lats will have tired somewhat before you ever start doing rows, your biceps will be less likely to limit you.
A muscle workout offers a number of benefits to your life in general, not just your health, and you don’t need to bulk up to get these benefits. A fitter body will improve your confidence as well as your strength, joints, agility and endurance.
Keep your goals accessible to ensure your motivation stays high. It takes time to achieve the muscle growth you want. You may have to work out for months or years to achieve your goals. Don’t try to take shortcuts; stimulants, steroids and other unnatural muscle building methods can be hazardous to your health.
It is very important that you stretch before working out. Stretching is necessary to warm your muscles and prevent injury, and stretching after your workout will relax your muscles and help them recover. Another way to encourage muscle recovery is through gentle massage, which often incorporates gentle stretches.
Examine yourself and your current muscle mass to know what you need to work on. When you do this, you can then understand what kind of goals you should be setting for yourself. While you are doing this self assessment, your weight and muscle tone must be considered.
While you may be tempted to rush through your routine and complete repetitions quickly, you ought to fight the urge. You’ll get more significant results by performing each exercise slowly. If you struggle to do this, then you might need to use lighter weights. A good rule of thumb is to use 5-10 seconds to complete each half of a given movement, taking up to 20 seconds to complete each rep.
Before you read this article you had the desire to better yourself. With any luck, you are now also equipped with some insight as to how you can do so effectively and rapidly. Use each tip this article has supplied to ensure your goals are met in short order! | <urn:uuid:20140a04-d95f-4106-8a0c-3c45bc6cec79> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://elwebdesants.com/dont-look-anywhere-else-until-you-read-these-great-tips-about-muscle-building.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.953222 | 1,239 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Cape Town’s recent spike in murder rates has led to it climbing the global ranking of the world’s most violent cities, which may come as no surprise as South African Police Services (SAPS) stats reflected that this is the murder capital of the country.
The Mother City now ranks as the 11th most violent city in the world according to a list compiled by the Mexican Council for Public Safety and Criminal Justice.
Last year, the city was ranked at number 15, but has moved up by 4 spaces on the list in just 12 months.
The data from the report was based on the number of murders per 100 000 people, and only takes into consideration cities with populations larger than 300 000.
In 2019, the majority of the most violent cities are based in the Americas – particularly South America and Brazil.
South Africa is the only non-American country to feature on the list.
The most recent list released – which compiled statistics from 2018 – stipulates that Cape Town reached this ranking as it has a murder rate of 66.4 per 100 000 people. In the 2017 ranking, there was an average of 62.3 per 100 000 people.
In 2018, Cape Town had a population of 4 322 031 people and more than 2 868 homicides.
Two other South African cities feature on the list, including Durban and Nelson Mandela Bay – these rank at 47th and 45th respectively.
Despite its reputation for high levels of crime, Johannesburg did not crack the top 50 on the ranking. The City of Gold was last featured in 2015, where it was ranked at number 47.
According to data collated by SAPS, there were 20 336 murders committed in South Africa between April 2017 and March 2018, putting the country’s murder rate at close to 36 people per 100 000 of the population. Simply put, this means that an average of 57 people were murdered on a daily basis. | <urn:uuid:67b39d12-68c9-4aee-bfa3-94647ecaede6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.capetownetc.com/news/cape-town-the-worlds-11th-most-dangerous-city/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.973371 | 401 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Medical studies often use thousands of volunteers. But sometimes good things come in small packages—like a handful of people willing to contract a deadly virus.
Researchers in the U.K. have deliberately infected 30 volunteers with the virus that causes Covid-19, in the first human challenge study of the disease. Infecting the volunteers—who are healthy, unvaccinated and range in age from 18 to 30—will allow the scientists to observe in real time how the virus attacks the body and, from the moment of exposure, how the immune system responds.
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Alaska Walrus Tours Lodge and Cabins
Established before statehood and still operated by life time Alaskans, this wildlife viewing lodge is situated on the Alaska Peninsula Wildlife Refuge. We are at the base of an 8,000 foot glacier- shrouded Mt. Veniaminof, the largest volcano on the remote Alaska Peninsula.
Wildlife viewing in Alaska
Wildman Wilderness Lodge is accessible only by air and is the only facility in the area. This comfortable lodge and cabins set amongst three crystal-clear artesian rivers. During July and early August, wild Alaska Brown Bear attack thousands of spawning salmon which produces incredible Wildlife and Walrus Viewing tours .photo opportunities. | <urn:uuid:a47bbfa4-cf10-4e53-a92a-6427aa2a3a20> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.alaskawalrustours.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.914536 | 138 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Changing Lanes Course - Episode 3: Dodgy Steering
Is there something wrong? Is there something more? Is there something better? If NASA discovered the perfect planet, perfect in every way, there’s one thing we must never, ever, do; put human beings on it! Why not? You already know the answer! We’d spoil it, pollute it and fight over it.
Download this episode's hint sheet here.
Changing Lanes is a 7 session evangelistic course, for older teenagers wanting to find out more about Jesus for themselves. Each session is about 30-45 minutes long, with video clips and discussion questions throughout one, pausable, episode. The course can be run by churches over several weeks or as an intensive 4 day workshop. Alternatively it can be done by individuals at home, or in a one-to-one setting.
Click here for a step by step guide to running for own course and all the episode hint sheets.
For more information visit changinglanes.org.uk.
All episode hint sheet are also available here.
Please subscribe to the Clayton TV weekly emailout for what's new on the channel.
Keywords:youth, sharing faith, evangelising, seeker, study, evangelistic | <urn:uuid:3e897b18-b073-456d-8096-6a606a8ac010> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.clayton.tv/find/explore/0/0i0/3626/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.896584 | 273 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Climate Risk, Resilience and Adaptation - what does the government need to do to prepare for climate change?
With record breaking temperatures, recent flash floods and increasing rainfall, the UK needs to adapt to a range of climate impacts in the future, especially as these will occur even if warming is kept to the Paris Agreement goal of 1.5°C
The UK needs to prepare for the possible impacts of climate change, with the Climate Change Committee (CCC) recommending that it would be practical to prepare for a 4°C future temperature rise. However, as Chair of the CCC’s Adaptation Committee, Baroness Brown states, adaptation is currently the “Cinderella” of climate change, “under-resourced, underfunded and often ignored”.
The event will take place as a panel discussion, covering key questions such as what are the main climate risks the UK faces; how well is the UK Government currently doing at preparing for climate impacts and building resilience; and what are the next steps for the Government to make progress on adaptation, in preparation for the Third Climate Change Risk Assessment (2022) and the next National Adaptation Plan (2023).
Wera Hobhouse MP, Vice Chair of the APPCCG and Liberal Democrat Spokesperson for the Climate Emergency and Energy
Professor Richard Betts MBE, Chair in Climate Impacts, University of Exeter and Head of Climate Impacts, Met Office
Richard Millar, Head of Adaptation, Climate Change Committee
Emma Howard Boyd, Chair of the Environment Agency
Olly Watts, Senior Climate Change Policy Officer, RSPB
Policy Connect has recently added adaptation as a new sector to the Climate Policy Dashboard highlighting the equal importance of adaptation and mitigation in reaching net zero.
The overall average progress score of the adaptation priority areas is currently ranked 4/10 which is insufficient/on the way to world leading adaptation policy.
If you have any questions or would like further information, please contact Project Co-ordinator for Sustainability, Nazza Ahmed at Nazza.Ahmed [at] policyconnect.org.uk | <urn:uuid:aed13a4b-8144-47d5-8375-c7d03feff370> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://policyconnect.org.uk/events/climate-risk-resilience-and-adaptation-what-does-government-need-do-prepare-climate-change | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.93423 | 443 | 2.609375 | 3 |
General purpose relay modules for switching higher voltages / currents from microcontrollers such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, PIC, AVR or DSP. The relays are rated at 10A, with NO/NC contacts. Channels have an LED to indicate whether the relay is switched ON. The relay is switched via 5v.
Number Channels : 4
Control Voltage : 5v DC (Active Low)
Max Switching Voltage : 250VAC / 30VDC
Max Switching Current : 10A
Operating Temperature : -40degC to +85degC | <urn:uuid:fa672dbd-c159-49d2-bfb4-9ae18774b695> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://store.brightcomponents.co.uk/product/5v-4-channel-relay-board-module/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.785894 | 122 | 2.09375 | 2 |
This conference is part of a yearly meeting initiated in 1991 to bring together genome sequencers, bioinformatics specialists, biologists, and geneticists, to forge interactions that would result in meaningful functional genomics. The goal of the meeting is to translate the influx of new genome sequencing information into useful biological studies.
The Lake Arrowhead 2022 meeting will have a major focus on microbial communities, the human microbiome, pathogens, and genome evolution. The field of genomics has reached the point where deriving the sequence of an organism’s entire genome is now seen as a beginning rather than an endpoint. The sequence itself is a powerful tool to guide further studies to achieve an understanding of the organism’s biology. This understanding requires either a detailed genetic analysis, or more rapid methods for developing functional genomics.
Therefore, this years meeting will cover micro-organisms for which extensive analyses exist, and those for which new biological and technical strategies are being developed. The focus on biodiversity, the human microbiome, pathogenic organisms, and bioenergentics adds special significance to this meeting. This meeting is designed to have a mix of invited presentations and poster sessions, and it will have approximately 150 participants. | <urn:uuid:915663a6-a0a4-4d3d-bc55-a3baba37678d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lamg.info/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.92377 | 241 | 1.757813 | 2 |
When should I have sex to get pregnant?
I am a 36-year old female and we have been trying to conceive since October 2006. I know my fertile window is 3 days before ovulation the day of and after ovulation. Does that mean that you cannot fall pregnant if you engage in sexual activity a week before your next period?
Thank you for your good question.
First, let me reassure you that 8 months is not an abnormally long time to be trying and to not yet become pregnant. That is especially so if this is your first pregnancy. It is very important that you inform yourself and hold tight to your belief that you and your partner are healthy and will eventually make a baby. What I will do is try to help you better understand the process and how to interpret your own menstrual cycle and ovulation.
You are expressing a very common desire for good information about fertility and menstrual cycles. We hear similar questions from women who volunteered for our Menstruation and Ovulation Study. This is a large study of women's menstrual cycles to find out how frequently a cycle is ovulatory (releases an egg) and how to detect ovulation.
Although you say, "I ovulated on day 16," I'm wondering what information you used to decide that? If you used stretchy, clear egg white type mucus from the cervix, then you may or may not have actually released an egg. For example, many women think that peak stretchy mucus (in other words, stretchy mucus that makes a clear thread 3-5 cm [1-2 inches] long) is a reliable sign of ovulation. Also, teachers of the many fertility awareness methods commonly say: "peak mucus means ovulation." However, the maximally stretchy mucus simply means that your estrogen levels are very high.
When estrogen reaches levels typical of the estrogen peak in the middle of the cycle, the glands in the cervix (opening into the uterus) make lots of clear, stretchy mucus. What most people don't know, is that high levels of estrogen, like the usual midcycle estrogen peak, can occur and not be followed by ovulation. Therefore, usually the estrogen peak and "peak mucus" are followed by ovulation, but not always.
Figure 1: menstrual cycle hormone diagram with stretchy mucus
To finish our discussion of mucus changes and fertility—after you ovulate and progesterone levels have become high, progesterone stops the cervix from making that stretchy mucus. The actions of high normal (post-ovulatory) progesterone levels produce the “dry days” when sex will not cause pregnancy. I've observed that sometimes, even in ovulatory cycles, some minimal stretchy mucus may occur in the week before flow. That suggests to me that either estrogen is higher than usual, progesterone is lower, or both. If an estrogen peak happens to occur at the time of the period, the menstrual flow looks like currant jelly—red with a clear stretchy character to it.
You could well be right that you ovulated on Day 16. If you did, and that cycle was 28 days long, the length of the high progesterone time (luteal phase) is probably too short for implantation of the fertilized egg. The high progesterone levels need to be present, ideally, for 14 days for optimal fertility. For example, if you had peak stretchy mucus on Day 16, and the last day before your period started was Day 28, you would have a luteal phase length shorter than 12 days. The reason is that the process from the estrogen peak to the luteinizing hormone (LH) peak and then to egg release takes a few days. After the estrogen peak, it takes about a day before the peak of LH (that can be tested by the fertility test kits you can buy) that triggers ovulation. And, it takes about a day after that LH peak before the egg is actually released and progesterone levels start to rise.
So you could be having what is called a "short luteal phase" cycle. That simply means a kind of ovulatory cycle that doesn't give enough days of high progesterone to allow the uterine lining (endometrium) to mature. The endometrium has to have many days of exposure to progesterone to develop the glands that allow a fertilized egg to take hold and grow normally. From the LH peak until the next flow needs to be at least 12 days for fertility.
If you are using basal temperature to decide you've ovulated the luteal length by temperature shift needs to be 10 or more days for fertility. The reason the luteal phase length by the temperature method is shorter is because it takes 2-3 days of increased progesterone after the LH peak before the temperature shift occurs and temperature rises significantly.
What causes regular cycles to have no release of an egg (anovulation) or release of an egg with a luteal phase that is too short? Lots of things! Including, for younger women, the ordinary stresses of most women's lives. Disturbances of ovulation are related to not eating as many calories as you are burning, worrying that what you eat may make you gain weight (called cognitive dietary restraint), being sick with any serious disease, or any of the above plus too much exercise or exercise you've not gotten used to. It also takes about 12 years after the first period before ovulation occurs during most cycles with a normal luteal phase length. It is also likely that having taken hormonal contraceptives like the Pill for many years, or starting the Pill at a young age, may delay the development of normally ovulatory cycles—no longitudinal studies, however, have asked that question, or have proven that. The good news is that once ovulation is established, and the complex coordination between the brain, the pituitary and the ovary is mature, ovulation is pretty robust. It is sturdy and not often disturbed, that is, until perimenopause (also see the article Perimenopause, the ovary's grand finale) when short luteal phase lengths again, like in the teen years, become common. What is confusing is that regular cycles of normal cycle lengths don't tell us about the length of the luteal phase or even if we've ovulated.
Figure 2: bar graph of cycle length with differing luteal phase lengths
Now to your specific questions about when to have sex to optimally get pregnant. In general, the days of stretchy mucus before ovulation are the best days. The reason that before, rather than after ovulation, is optimal for sex to cause pregnancy is that sperm fertilize the egg as it is making its way down the fallopian tube to the uterus. So the sperm need to be in the tube, ready and waiting! Any day with stretchy cervical mucus is a good day to try! That being said, I was rather uninformed when I tried for my first pregnancy, I waited until the day my temperature went up, and still did get pregnant!
Here's what I think would help you right now. I'd suggest that you print off the Menstrual Cycle Diary and record it regularly every evening. Put a dot in the "Interest in Sex" box if you have intercourse on that day. I'd also start keeping your first morning (called "basal") temperature. You don't have to write those temperatures onto a graph—it is more accurate, we've found, to write the temperature down in the box for it at the bottom of the Diary.
If you find, from keeping and analyzing your first morning temperature, that you are having luteal phase lengths that are too short, don't give up! First of all, cycles are very variable, so that your next cycle may be normally ovulatory. This variability occurs even in the same woman from one month to the next. Secondly, if your cycles continue to have short luteal phases, I have found, as I described in Chapter 8 in my book for perimenopausal women called Estrogen's Storm Season, that taking bio-identical progesterone for 14 days late in the cycle, often assists women to become pregnant and to carry the pregnancy to a healthy birth. The general instructions about cycle days 14-27 for taking Cyclic Progesterone Therapy must be modified when using cyclic progesterone for fertility.
Figure 3: cyclic progesterone for fertility
For fertility despite short luteal phase cycles, start taking progesterone after the stretchy mucus has started to decrease, rather than starting on Day 14. The reason is that you want to catch any ovulation, be it on cycle day 11 or cycle day 18. And, most importantly, high dose progesterone could interfere with the release of the egg if you took it before the LH peak. Also, be sure to not use medroxyprogesterone instead of oral micronized progesterone when working for fertility. Because medroxyprogesterone is not the same as our own natural progesterone, it could cause a birth defect.
I have every faith that you will get pregnant!
I hope this is helpful for you.
Updated Date: Tuesday, November 19, 2013 - 13:00 | <urn:uuid:78126451-a186-45eb-97e1-a9a388782c63> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cemcor.ubc.ca/ask/when-should-i-have-sex-get-pregnant | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.958161 | 1,935 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Soon after leaving Mosgiel on state highway 87 the township of Outram is encountered. Outram is a coffee stop only, but from an historic perspective Outram has been around for some time. Outram meets the synopsis objective.
Here is the Wikipedia commentary in part:-
Outram is a small town in Otago, with a population of 642 (2006 Census). It is located 28 kilometres west of Dunedin at the edge of the Taieri Plains, close to the foot of Maungatua. The Taieri River flows close to the southeast of the town. Outram lies on State Highway 87 between Mosgiel to Middlemarch.
The town was formed at a river crossing (ferry then bridge) on a route to the Central Otago goldfields.
From 1877 until 1953, Outram was served by a branch line railway that connected with the main south line. This line was known as the Outram Branch and it had a relatively unremarkable career. Closure came as a result of an almost total absence of traffic caused by the development of road transport during the first half of the 20th century, and today, few remnants of the line are visible.
Be sure to have a coffee at Outram | <urn:uuid:74cf6f7a-fe4d-4209-a5b5-5e27de5a6a65> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.bustout.co.nz/NZ/outram.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.979225 | 257 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Is treating back pain as simple as turning everything upside down?
It’s called inversion therapy and involves upside-down suspension using a specialist ‘table’ or chair to flip you over.
Inversion therapy works on the theory that by shifting the body’s gravity, pressure eases on the back and provides traction for the spine.
And it seems science is backing it up.
All sounds good, right? And it is, but it also comes with a warning. Inversion therapy is not a silver bullet.
The causes of back pain can be complex. Inversion therapy won’t fix every problem and, in fact, stretching the spine could make things worse.
So, like any new physical therapy, you should consult your doctor or physiotherapist before beginning any new program.
Where to start?
There are three devices that facilitate inversion therapy – inversion tables, inversion chairs and gravity boots. Who else remembers Richard Gere in American Gigolo?
You can also try fabric yoga slings, but not before a few lessons and someone to anchor the equipment into the ceiling.
Tables cost anything from about $200 to well over $1000, with chairs harder to find at the $300-plus mark.
At those prices, it may pay to try before you buy at a gym, Pilates studio or physiotherapy centre.
The technique for the tables and chairs is simple. Strap yourself in and tip. That’s it.
However, to get the best out of your treatment, it’s worth following these points.
- If you are an older person, it pays to have a ‘spotter’. It could all so easily turn bad if you can’t get back up again.
- Don’t lean any further than you are comfortable with. It could be a 10-degree angle or 30 degrees, but find what works for you and stick with it.
- Check all the fasteners. Could be awkward hanging at a weird angle and then you realise a vital buckle isn’t done up. The resulting crash would easily cancel out any benefit the inversion was likely to solve.
- Time your treatment. Do it in short intervals until you feel more comfortable with the set-up. It could be as little as one or two minutes a session. Health website webMD.com recommends no more than five minutes, twice a day.
- Go slow. Imagine you are a rotisserie chicken rather than a spinning top. When you come back up, do it slowly to give your body time to adjust.
- Don’t limit yourself. Inversion therapy should be just one weapon in your arsenal against back pain. If it’s working for you, try a complementary therapy such as yoga or even just a stretch routine.
Be aware that there are people who are not suitable for inversion therapy. If you suffer from cardiovascular disorders such as high blood pressure, ear infections, glaucoma or osteoporosis, this may not be the solution for you.
Other factors that may cause complications include pregnancy, obesity and blood clotting medications.
Health disclaimer: This article contains general information about health issues and is not advice. For health advice, consult your medical practitioner.
If you enjoy our content, don’t keep it to yourself. Share our free eNews with your friends and encourage them to sign up. | <urn:uuid:bb0202e6-0a86-49c4-93ce-76cb6c96ecd7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.yourlifechoices.com.au/health/can-inversion-therapy-cure-back-pain/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.934092 | 713 | 2.125 | 2 |
Tyre Pressure: How to Check It
Tyre Pressure · Posted by: Mobile Tyres 2 U · 26th February 2021
It doesn’t matter how high-performance your vehicle is, if your tyres aren’t maintained properly, then this performance can’t translate to speed and control while out on the road. Sure, your tyres might look fine – you can clearly see the tread pattern and there’s no visible damage – but when was the last time you actually checked the pressure?
Your tyres don’t need to be visibly flat to have low pressure, something which many motorists don’t seem to understand. With this in mind, this month, the Mobile Tyres 2 U team are going to break down exactly how to check the pressure of your tyres, so you can get the most out of your car’s performance.
Get a pressure gauge
Before you check your tyre pressure, you’re going to need a pressure gauge. You should be able to get a good one for under £20 online. However, if you would rather save a bit of cash, you can always head down to your local petrol station where you should be able to find a gauge and a pump on the forecourt.
Checking the pressure, step by step
- Check the PSI recommended by the manufacturer – there’s no use in checking your tyres if you don’t know what the recommended pressure should be, so make sure that you do this first. You should be able to find this information in your vehicle’s handbook.
- Attaching the gauge – first, remove the valve cap from a tyre. Once it’s off, press the gauge onto the stem of the valve until the hiss goes away and the device provides a reading. Once you’ve got it, write it down and repeat the process for the other tyres.
- Letting air out – so you’ve got the reading, now what? Well, if the gauge indicates your tyres are overinflated, you’re going to need to let some air out. You should be able to find a metal pin inside the valve stem, press it in with a screwdriver until you’ve let out enough air.
- Refilling air – if you haven’t checked the pressure of your tyres in a long time, the likelihood is they will be underinflated, meaning you’re going to have to refill them with air. To do this, you’re going to need a pump. Press the pump hose onto the valve stem and start filling the tyre with air until you see the right reading on the gauge. It’s that simple!
If, when checking the pressure of your tyres, you get a low PSI reading as well as noticing some damage to the surface of your tyre, it could well be the case that you need them replaced. However, this doesn’t mean you need to go to your local garage, just give Mobile Tyres 2 U a call who will be able to replace your tyres right there on your driveway.
Have you noticed a problem with your tyres recently? Mobile Tyres 2 U offer tyre replacements and puncture repairs and tyre pressure monitoring services to customers throughout High Wycombe, Watford and the surrounding areas. Operating 7 days a week, our experienced team will assess your vehicle for any damage. If it is required, we will replace your tyres the very same day with our stock from the world’s most reliable tyre brands. To enquire about our services, get in contact with our team today. | <urn:uuid:a85e664a-ae72-4c8d-861b-67f3a31dcfc4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mobiletyres2u.co.uk/news/tyre-pressure-how-to-check-it/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.915449 | 749 | 1.960938 | 2 |
File Ohio Form IT 1040EZ
Prepare Form IT 1040EZ now with e-File.com
Yearly versions of this Tax Form
Form IT 1040EZ is the shorter version of Form IT 1040. Either Form IT 1040EZ or IT 1040 must be in all Ohio returns. Unlike Form IT 1040, Form IT 1040EZ has certain requirements that taxpayers must meet in order to use it to file their Ohio tax returns. These requirements can be found in the IT 1040EZ Instructions. Taxpayers who do not meet the requirements to file with Form IT 1040EZ will need to use IT 1040 to complete their Ohio returns.
Please note: The IT 1040, IT 1040EZ and amended IT 1040X forms have been consolidated into one Universal IT 1040 tax return. | <urn:uuid:4eff13d4-062d-48ff-9508-52ecf610ff16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://taxhow.net/form/form-it-1040ez | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.867787 | 178 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Cal-Mag Active ON includes multiple forms of highly absorbed calcium and magnesium for a variety of protocols.
- Provides Multiple Forms of Highly Absorbed Calcium & Magnesium for a Variety of Protocols
- High-Concentration Calcium & Magnesium for Cardiovascular Support
- Helps Maintain Healthy Blood Pressure and Glucose Levels
- Promotes Energy Production and Muscle Relaxation
Calcium is most well-known for its role in the formation of bone and teeth, but it also plays a role in keeping the heart and muscles functioning by governing muscle contractions. Magnesium is also a constituent of bone and controls potassium and calcium uptake, assists in electrical nerve activity, and manages the metabolism of carbohydrates. In the body, phosphorus is second in abundance only to calcium, and is necessary for bone growth, cellular health and acid-alkaline balance.
1-2 capsules three times per day or as recommended by your health care professional.
Cal-Mag Active ON provides the benefit of highly-absorbed, Albion® mineral chelates. Albion® is the world leader in manufacturing highly bioavailable mineral chelates, a specialized form of minerals bound to amino acids. This patented process creates organic mineral compounds which use active absorption mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract to greatly enhance mineral absorption. Comparison studies have shown significantly superior absorption of mineral chelates compared to other mineral forms. In a clinical study comparing calcium absorption in humans, Albion®’s patented calcium chelate delivered the greatest absorption of all calcium sources tested. In a magnesium comparison study reported by Graff et al. at Weber State University, Albion®’s magnesium amino acid chelate had:
- 8.8 times greater absorption than magnesium oxide
- 5.6 times greater absorption than magnesium sulfate
- 2.3 times greater absorption than magnesium carbonate
Calcium is required for heart health, muscle function, nerve transmission, intracellular signaling and hormonal secretion. It is less than 1% of total body calcium that supports these critical metabolic functions. Serum calcium is very tightly regulated and does not fluctuate with changes in dietary intakes. The body uses bone tissue as a reservoir for calcium, as well as a source of calcium, to maintain constant concentrations of calcium in blood, muscle and intercellular fluids. The remaining 99% of the calcium supply in the body is stored in the bones and teeth, serving as support for their structure and function.
Calcium alone cannot keep bones strong - adequate phosphorus levels impact bone health by making bone tissue more resistant to shock and compression. Phosphate makes up 50% of bone tissue and helps maintain other body tissues. Phosphorous is an essential ingredient in calcium supplements to promote bone strength and remodeling.
More than 57% of the population does not meet the United States Department of Agriculture requirements for magnesium in their diet. Magnesium is a cofactor in over 300 enzyme systems that regulate diverse biochemical reactions in the body, including protein synthesis, muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control and blood pressure regulation. It contributes to the structural development of bone and is required for the synthesis of DNA, RNA and the antioxidant, glutathione. Magnesium also plays a role in the active transport of calcium and potassium ions across cell membranes, a process that is important to nerve impulse conduction, muscle contraction and normal heart rhythm.
We use USPS or FEDEX to ship our orders depending on the weight, size and destination. If you provide a P.O. Box delivery address, we will use USPS to ship your order. A telephone number must be provided by you at checkout to provide to the shipping carrier.
Items can still be purchased, but may take longer to ship. If backordered items do not become available within 21 days, we will cancel those items and refund you for those products. If you have any questions on back-ordered products, please call our store at (941) 952-3959.
Shipping to International Shipments
Pharmedico Store does not ship to international locations at this time, except for Canada (subject to add'l shipping cost). Please contact us before placing your order.
Orders placed by 2:00pm EST usually ship the same day, Monday through Friday. Shipments do not go out Saturday or Sunday, and all orders received over the weekend (after 2:00pm EST Friday – Sunday) will not be processed until the following Monday. Orders will not be processed and shipments will not be sent on company holidays. We maintain most product items available in our store inventory.
Occasionally, an item will be out of stock when an order is placed. In this case, the order will not ship until the back-ordered item are received in our store or we might drop-ship your product(s) directly from the manufacture if this is more than an extra day or two from the time you place your order, you will receive an e-mail from us detailing when the product(s) will be shipped and any other special situation regarding your order. | <urn:uuid:37a8d496-15a2-4244-a312-09f57f7b1af2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pharmedicorx.com/collections/privavite/products/cal-mag-active-on | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.90908 | 1,038 | 2.390625 | 2 |
An anechoic chamber is a room designed to completely block out sound and electromagnetic waves. Microsoft built their very own anechoic chamber in a room in building 87 of their headquarters in Redmond, Washington. This room is now known as the quietest place on earth. Apparently, the room is so quiet that you can hear your own heart beating, and the blood running in your veins. Unfortunately, not just anyone can escape to this extra silent space. The engineers at Microsoft built this room to test their new equipment and don’t allow public entrance for visitors.
To be more specific, experts at Microsoft use this room for checking for vibrations made by capacitors when current passes through them. These tests are done to identify sources of noise or hum, which can be unpleasant to customers. The famously quiet rooms also serve as a space for the detection and analysis of sounds produced by other electronic components such as keyboards and cooling fans.
The chamber itself is shaped as a cube and each side measures 21 ft. It took almost two years to design it and almost a year to find a building where it could be built. The chamber is surrounded by six concrete onion layers, and each layer measures 12 inches in thickness. It floats on 68 vibration damping springs which block the chamber from any contact with the building it is in. 4-foot-long clusters of sound-absorbent wedges line all six sides of the cubed room to prevent echoes.
Although the quietest room in the world doesn’t offer public tours, research some more photos and facts to have a better understanding of how the science behind this sound-shielding space works. Maybe curiosity will have you sending a job application to Microsoft in hopes to go see it for yourself. Luckily, if that does not work out for you, there are other quiet room alternatives you can go visit that are just as impressive. | <urn:uuid:e26f700b-bd2e-4054-af74-1f8f8f00b30e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theimperfective.com/the-worlds-quietest-room-is-located-at-microsofts-headquarters/?org=true&utm_source=facebook&utm_campaign=zx-ww-sharetim-orgcsp0sharetim1m | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.965593 | 381 | 2.96875 | 3 |
SYMPTOMS AIDS WHAT IS HIV/AIDS? Everything
There must be enough virus; even when HIV is present, it is the concentration of HIV that is important. In blood, for example, the virus is very concentrated. A small amount of blood is enough to infect someone. But the same amount of other fluids (such as vaginal fluid) would not allow transmission because HIV is much less concentrated in those fluids. Also, as of today, we know that people who take treatment and have an undetectable viral load lose the ability to transmit the virus to another person.
HIV must enter the bloodstream; it is not enough to have been in contact with an infected fluid to contract the virus. The skin does not allow HIV to enter the body. HIV can enter only through direct injection of blood containing the virus or through mucous membranes.
-SEXUAL TRANSMISSION: Sexual intercourse without a condom with people living with HIV: vaginal and anal and, to a lesser extent, oral. Semen and vaginal fluids are other fluids that transmit HIV infection. Of the different forms of sexual intercourse, not all have the same risk:
Why the Diesel engine lasts longer than the Gasoline engine.
AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and defines the series of symptoms and infections that are associated with acquired immune system deficiency. HIV infection is considered the underlying cause of AIDS. The level of immunodeficiency and the occurrence of certain infections are used as indicators of whether HIV infection has progressed and caused AIDS (see question 4).
HIV infection causes progressive depletion and weakening of the immune system. This leads to increased susceptibility of the body to infections and cancers and can lead to the development of AIDS (see questions 2 and 4).
AIDS is identified on the basis of certain infections. Stage I HIV disease is asymptomatic and is not considered AIDS. Stage II (includes mild candidiasis and frequent upper respiratory tract infections), stage III (includes chronic unexplained diarrhea persisting for more than one month, various bacterial infections and pulmonary tuberculosis) and stage IV HIV disease (includes cerebral toxoplasmosis, candidiasis of the esophagus, trachea or lungs and Kaposi’s sarcoma) are used as indicators of AIDS. Most of these conditions are easily treatable opportunistic infections in healthy individuals.
When to change the chain, cassette and chainwheels of a bicycle
This is an obligate intracellular parasite that has a complex life cycle in which man (along with other animals: pigs; birds; sheep…) participates as an intermediate host; the cat and other felines being the definitive host.
Coinciding with the primary infection, there is an acute phase of the disease where the parasite divides rapidly (the so-called tachyzoites) and triggers the activation of the immune system, which, if effective, will control the infection with the consequent formation, in the affected tissues, of cysts containing very slowly dividing parasites (the so-called bradyzoites). This is the chronic phase.
HIV-positive persons are particularly at risk of contracting the disease. Pregnant women should also be cautious because of the serious effects that the disease can have on the fetus.
Immunosuppression: In most cases it is a reactivated infection and there are usually general symptoms and especially those of the central nervous system such as hemiplegia, hemiparesis, gait and balance disorders… sometimes fatal.
How Much Fuel Does Your Car Consume When Starting? Visit
Infection can only occur when a sufficient amount of the virus found in the blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk of affected persons enters the bloodstream through wounds, punctures, skin lesions, vaginal mucosa, anal mucosa or oral mucosa. HIV survives only a short time outside the body, so it must enter the bloodstream of the exposed person. Moreover, this transmission requires a minimum amount of virus (threshold) to cause infection. Below this threshold, the organism manages to free itself from the virus and prevents it from becoming established.
There must be enough virus; even when HIV is present, it is the concentration of HIV that is important. In blood, for example, the virus is highly concentrated. A small amount of blood is enough to infect someone. But the same amount of other fluids (such as vaginal fluid) would not allow transmission because HIV is much less concentrated in those fluids. In addition, we now know that people who take treatment and have an undetectable viral load lose the ability to transmit the virus to another person.
Hi, I’m Taylor Gray a lawyer and editor-in-chief of this blog. I invite you to read all the news it covers. | <urn:uuid:ced51999-90a7-4fc9-9440-02ad89f4cb78> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://entreprenistapodcast.com/subsidies/how-long-is-the-aids-walk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.934052 | 977 | 3.78125 | 4 |
|Year : 2022 | Volume
| Issue : 1 | Page : 26-27
Novel management of spontaneous onset sclerocorneal cyst in a child
Jai A Kelkar, Aditya S Kelkar, Priyanka S Singhvi
Pediatric Ophthalmology, National Institute of Ophthalmology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
|Date of Submission||21-Apr-2021|
|Date of Acceptance||30-Jun-2021|
|Date of Web Publication||07-Jan-2022|
Dr. Jai A Kelkar
Near Mahatma Phule Museum, 1137/80, Off Ghole Road, Pune - 411 005, Maharashtra
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
A 2-year-old girl was referred for management of swelling on the nasal side in the right eye. On ophthalmic examination, the right eye showed a subconjunctival cyst extending into the anterior corneal stroma on the nasal side. Ultrasound biomicroscopy of the right eye showed a fluid-filled cystic lesion involving the cornea, with no communication with the anterior chamber. Examination under anesthesia revealed an intrastromal sclerocorneal cyst over the nasal half of cornea, not involving pupillary axis. The cyst was drained, anterior cyst wall excised, scleral lips glued together, and the bare corneoscleral bed covered with amniotic membrane with no recurrence.
Keywords: Amniotic membrane graft, intraoperative OCT, sclerocorneal cyst, ultrasound biomicroscopy
|How to cite this article:|
Kelkar JA, Kelkar AS, Singhvi PS. Novel management of spontaneous onset sclerocorneal cyst in a child. Indian J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022;2:26-7
|How to cite this URL:|
Kelkar JA, Kelkar AS, Singhvi PS. Novel management of spontaneous onset sclerocorneal cyst in a child. Indian J Ophthalmol Case Rep [serial online] 2022 [cited 2022 Aug 14];2:26-7. Available from: https://www.ijoreports.in/text.asp?2022/2/1/26/334995
Sclerocorneal cyst is a rare entity. It may be spontaneous in onset or may occur following trauma or surgery. Various etiologies have been suggested for the sclerocorneal cyst. Few believe that epithelial cells get entrapped in the limbus during scleral development and lead to the formation of a cyst, whereas Rao et al. stated the presence of ectopic lacrimal tissue as developmental etiology for such cysts.
| Case Report|| |
A 2-year-old girl was referred for management of swelling on the nasal side in the right eye. The past medical history revealed lipomeningocele and spina bifida of L4–L5. She had undergone spinal cord cyst excision at the age of 6 months.
On ophthalmic examination, the right eye showed a subconjunctival cyst extending into the anterior corneal stroma on the nasal side, from 7 to 12 O'clock position. On streak retinoscopy, high against-the-rule astigmatism was noted (+1.0/−[email protected]). Vision could not be recorded because of the young age of the child.
Left eye examination was within normal limits. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) of the right eye showed a fluid-filled cystic lesion involving the cornea, with no communication with the anterior chamber [Figure 1].
|Figure 1: Ultrasound biomicroscopy of the right eye showed a fluid-filled cystic lesion involving the cornea, with no communication with the anterior chamber|
Click here to view
Examination under anesthesia revealed an intrastromal sclerocorneal cyst involving the nasal half of the cornea and not involving the pupillary axis [Figure 2]. It measured 20 mm (vertical) by 15 mm (horizontal). The conjunctiva was freely mobile over the intrascleral portion of the cyst. The sclerocorneal cyst was filled with clear fluid. The surrounding stroma outside the cyst margin was clear. There was an absence of corneal vascularization or any signs of trauma. The anterior chamber was well-formed and clear. The rest of the anterior segment examination was normal along with normal fundus.
|Figure 2: Right eye: Sclerocorneal cyst involving the nasal half of cornea sparing the pupillary axis|
Click here to view
After obtaining informed consent from the parents, surgical intervention was planned. Localized peritomy was performed to expose the underlying scleral cyst. The anterior wall of the cyst near the limbus was incised. Fluid was drained from the intrastromal part of the cyst. After a thorough wash of the intrastromal cavity with balanced salt solution, the cyst collapsed completely. The base and sidewalls of the scleral cyst were scrapped to remove the epithelial cells.
The conjunctiva around the outer border of the cyst was dissected. The anterior cyst wall measuring 2 mm by 12 mm was excised. No communication was noted with the anterior chamber. The scleral bed was cauterized. The intraoperative OCT (iOCT, Artevo 800 3D, Zeiss, USA) showed thickened corneal tissue overlying the cystic area [Figure 3]. Under iOCT guidance, the cornea was incised and the excess tissue was scrapped using a crescent knife. The scleral lips were glued together using fibrin glue (Baxter, India), thus obviating the need for a scleral patch graft. Amniotic membrane was used to cover the bare scleral and corneal bed of the wound, placed in situ with help of fibrin glue. Conjunctiva was reposited over the amniotic membrane till the limbus and was closed over it with 8-0 Ethicon sutures. The anterior chamber remained formed throughout the procedure, thus confirming the absence of communication with the cyst cavity. There is no recurrence of cyst on 6 months follow-up visit [Figure 4]. Astigmatism has reduced on streak retinoscopy (+1.00/−[email protected]).
|Figure 3: Intraoperative optical computed tomography of the right eye showing the sclerocorneal cyst, with thickened corneal wall and no communication with the anterior chamber|
Click here to view
| Discussion|| |
The indications for surgical intervention are a progressive increase in the size of cyst leading to poor vision, involvement of visual axis, or astigmatism., Vision may get affected due to distortion and scarring caused by the lesion on and around the limbus. In our case, one third of the cornea was involved on presentation. As the course is progressive, failure to treat will impair the sight by extending over the pupillary area. Considering this possibility and due to the large size of the cyst in our patient, we operated early.
Rao et al. described marsupialization of the scleral portion of the cyst and chemical ablation of the lining epithelium of the corneal cyst with 20% trichloroacetic acid.
Sano et al. have tried excision of the cyst with lamellar keratoplasty with frozen corneal tissue and obtained successful results. Shah et al. did excision of the cyst with a patch graft to cover the scleral defect and amniotic membrane grafting without any chemical cautery.
In our case, complete deroofing of the cyst was not done, instead we chose to excise some part of the scleral tissue that was redundant after the cyst wall collapsed completely. Also, the patient's sclera was preserved and the two walls of the cyst were closed with the application of fibrin glue, thus obviating the need for scleral patch graft. Amniotic membrane grafting was done to cover the glued sclera and the corneal wound. Scrapping of the cystic cavity was done to ensure that there were no nests of epithelial tissue that were postulated to bring about a recurrence.
Spina bifida is a congenital disorder with systemic and ophthalmic associations. Caines and colleagues documented 20 children with spina bifida. Of these, 81% had refractive errors, 52% strabismus, 50% defective accommodation, 43% nystagmus, and 10% optic atrophy. Other ophthalmological manifestations such as microphthalmia, anterior lenticonus, iris coloboma, anophthalmia, optic atrophy, hypertelorism, microcornea, absence of optic nerve and ganglion cells of the retina, and absence of the macula have been reported to be involved in spina bifida.
| Conclusion|| |
The occurrence of sclerocorneal cyst in spina bifida has never been reported, and whether this association is by chance or otherwise needs to be evaluated further.
Declaration of patientconsent
The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form, the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
| References|| |
Mahmood MA, Awad A. Congenital sclerocorneal epithelial cyst. Am J Ophthalmol 1998;126:740-1.
Rao SK, Fogla R, Biswas J, Padmanabhan P. Corneoscleral epithelial cysts: Evidence of developmental etiology. Cornea 1998;17:446-50.
Soni T, Das S. Natural course of congenital corneoscleral cyst: 10-year follow-up. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020;68:2217.
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Shah SG, Matalia HP, Sangwan VS. Spontaneous onset corneoscleral hematic cyst. Indian J Ophthalmol 2006;54:118.
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Akbaba M, Hacıyakupoğlu G, Uğuz A, Karslıoğlu Ş, Karcıoğlu Z. Congenital intrascleral cyst. Clin Ophthalmol (Auckland, NZ) 2011;5:583.
Sano Y, Okamoto S, Nishida K, Sotozono C, Kinoshita S. Peripheral lamellar keratoplasty for corneoscleral cyst: Three case reports. Cornea 1999;18:233-6.
Caines E, Dahl M, Holmström G. Longtermoculomotor and visual function in spina bifida cystica: A population-based study. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2007;85:662-6.
Kara N, Yazici AT, Demirkale HI, Bozkurt E, Çakır M, Demirok A, Yılmaz ÖF. A case of spina bifida with ocular manifestations. J AAPOS 2009;13:600-1.
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4] | <urn:uuid:ff17bb7d-dfe6-43dd-b0d9-a2f2d1acea31> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ijoreports.in/article.asp?issn=2772-3070;year=2022;volume=2;issue=1;spage=26;epage=27;aulast=Kelkar | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.888989 | 2,657 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Zum 10. Welterbe-Geburtstag lädt die Landesvertretung Schleswig-Holstein zu einem Interview-Parcours in Berlin ein.
Mandø and the Wadden Sea are among the 15 most important natural treasures in Denmark.
From 14 to 16 November 2018, World Heritage marine managers and marine litter experts will discuss the problem of marine litter in World Heritage sites and look at what needs a strategic global solution and what can be done locally.
Stakeholders from the trilateral Wadden Sea community met on 30 August 2018 in Wilhelmshaven to discuss sediment dynamics and management.
The children will launch the pledge in front of over 40 Heads of State at the United Nations General Assembly on World Oceans Day.
From 8 to 11 May 2017, over 130 experts on the Wadden Sea met in Tønder at the 14th International Scientific Wadden Sea Symposium (ISWSS).
130 scientists will meet at the 14th International Scientific Wadden Sea Symposium from the 9-11 May 2017 in Tønder, Denmark.
Geomorphology and climate, habitats and communities, species, human activities, and pollution of the Wadden Sea are the main areas of analysis in the Quality Status Report 2017 (QSR).
In the recent “Trilateral Wadden Sea Climate Change Adaptation Strategy Monitoring Report for the Trilateral Cooperation of the Protection of the Wadden Sea”, TG-C evaluated the trilateral climate change adaptation strategy. | <urn:uuid:4351913d-47bc-4b2a-874d-536860a31df0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wattenmeer-weltnaturerbe.de/de/theme/ecology?page=4 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.784056 | 319 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Turn to Genesis 32. Jacob wrestled with God. This short story leaves us wondering about several things. We’ll just pay attention to what it does say, because it is an important story for all of us. We all have struggles. We fight against these things, we fight to survive.
It sometimes seems like these things will destroy us, but they never quite do, or at least they haven’t yet. They cripple us, and we know it. These things limit us, hold us back. It’s discouraging. We pray to God many times for help. Sometimes there’s great help, but quite often the relief we want does not happen.
Jacob wrestled all night with someone he does not know. This story gives us another way to look at these long nights where this thing never quite defeats us, and we never quite defeat it.
Jacob is in a situation that terrifies him. Jacob left home twenty years earlier, running for his life. He had stolen his brother Esau’s blessing, and Esau was so angry that he said he would kill Jacob, and he meant it. So Jacob ran away from home, ended up working for Laban, and married two of Laban’s daughters, Leah and Rachel.
But now the Lord tells Jacob to go back home, and promises to be with him. But Jacob fears Esau. As he travels home, he sends messengers ahead to bring peace gifts to Esau, but when his messengers came back, they just say, “Esau is coming with four hundred men to meet you.” It doesn’t sound good, and Jacob is very afraid.
So the day before he meets Esau, he gets all his flocks and herds and all his family across the Jabbok river, and then goes back to spend the night by himself. We don’t know why.
Jacob’s Fight – Gen 32:24-32
A man wrestled with Jacob all that night, until daybreak. No more details then that, that’s all Jacob knows. We should assume Jacob is fighting for his life. A stranger comes after you at night – there’s nothing friendly about this. To Jacob this is hostile.
The man could not overpower Jacob, could not get the upper hand. When the man saw that, he touched Jacob’s hip to wound him. He dislocated Jacob’s hip, and it sounds like all he did was touch the hip. Could there be something supernatural about this man?
Then the man says, “Let me go, for it is daybreak.” Jacob is hurting, and is partly crippled, but he’s not letting go. The man wants to quit, give up and leave, but Jacob won’t let him go.
“I will not let you go until you bless me,” says Jacob. Jacob fought for blessing all his life, and he wants a blessing here. Why does he ask his opponent for blessing? We don’t really know.
The man asked, “what is your name?” Could this man does not know who Jacob is? We don’t know. Jacob says his name, “Jacob.” “Jacob” means someone who deceives, someone who takes advantage of others. When Esau found out that Jacob had stolen his blessing, he said, “He is rightly named ‘Jacob,’ he’s done this to me two times.”
When Jacob gives the man his name, it is like a confession. “I’m a deceiver, I take advantage of people.” Jacob cannot give his name without confessing his sins.
And the man said, “Your name will no longer be Jacob, but Israel, because you have struggled with God and people and have overcome.” And then the man blessed him. So Jacob named the place Peniel, which means “face of God,” saying, “It is because I saw the face of God and yet my life was spared.” And from then on, Jacob limped from the injury to his hip.
So we find out at the end of the story that Jacob was actually wrestling and struggling to survive all night with some form of God himself. Jacob was wrestling with God, but he didn’t know that until later. God gave him his wound, but he did not know that until later. Could this be you?
God was wrestling with Jacob, and God could not overpower Jacob and God could not get the upper hand. How can that be? What’s going on? Then God touched Jacob to wound him. God gave Jacob a new name, and then God blessed him. But the wound was still there.
Let’s go back to v28. “Your name will no longer be Jacob, but Israel, because you have struggled with God and people and have overcome.” The name “Israel” actually means “God struggles.” God struggled with Jacob, and Jacob struggled with God.
God struggled with Jacob, and it seems that God let Jacob get the upper hand, God let Jacob back him into a corner so that God had to bless Jacob. God and Jacob struggled against each other, Jacob not knowing it was God, and God let Jacob trap him, so that God had to bless Jacob.
In what sense did Jacob overcome God? Only this: Jacob would not let go of God until God blessed him. He overcame God by not letting go until God blessed him. Try this on: God fights with us in such a way that we overpower him, and he has to bless us.
The Lord’s Prayer
Jesus taught us to pray, “Our Father in heaven, don’t lead us into temptation, don’t lead us into testing, deliver us, rescue us.” But the Holy Spirit did lead Jesus into severe testing and temptation, and sometimes he does that to us, too. The tempter wants us to sin, hopes we will sin, the tempter makes sin as attractive as possible, and the tempter is very good at that.
God does not want us to sin, God helps us not sin. But he does sometimes lead us into testing and temptation, and then he helps through it. God did this for his Son.
Biblical Stories of Wrestling with God
The Old Testament story is full of this. When Israel has troubles, they come from God. When Israel get rescued and restored, that also comes from God. And we say, “yes, but that’s because they sinned.” That’s true, but there were always righteous people caught up in this.
Job was a righteous man, and he always assumed his troubles came from God, he told God so, and he was right. Job told God he was not being fair. And God disagreed with none of this.
Job always knew that God was making Job’s life hard, and God took his time bringing Job out of it. Job did not know why, but he knew he was wrestling with God, and he was right.
There are several psalms where God is the problem as well as the solution. Ps 88 begins, “Lord, you are the God who saves me.” But later he says, “Lord, you have put me in the lowest pit; Lord, you have overwhelmed with all your waves; Lord, you took from me my closest friends.” The God who saves him also puts him in the lowest pit. And not because of sin.
I found six different psalms where God caused the trouble and at the same time God was the only one who could save (Pss 44, 74, 79, 80, 88, 89). All of these people were wrestling with God, and yet they were not conquered by God. They were wounded, as Jacob was, yet they would not let go of God. None of these psalmists thought their sin is the problem.
Here is how John Calvin put it, writing on Jacob wrestling with God: God challenges us to this contest, and at the same time God gives us the ability to resist him. He fights against us and for us at the same time.
He fights against us with his weaker left hand, says Calvin, and he fights for us with his stronger right hand. Even while he lightly opposes us, he supplies invincible strength so we can overcome (in Wenham, Genesis 16-50, 303). In what way did Jacob overcome? He did not let go until God blessed him.
We do not feel invincible, we’re on the brink of destruction, but we do hang on until we get his blessing, because he makes sure we can hang on, because he wants to give us his blessing.
Here’s how to insult God: treat him as if he’s not part of your troubles. It is just you suffering from your weaknesses, your dislocated hip. It’s just you and those bad people, you and bad luck, you in this evil world, you and your inability to get your life together. But there’s no chance God is doing this to you. That insults God, that’s thinking like an atheist.
I was squeamish about this for a long time, but I was wrong. I did not think the Lord was a God who overwhelmed people with all his waves, but according to the Bible, he is that God.
The believers who got the letter to the Hebrews were being persecuted. The writer tells them in Heb 12 that the persecution is the discipline of the Lord, the Lord is treating you as children he loves, so endure this as coming from a wise and loving Father.
Peter also wrote to believers who were being persecuted, and says the same. How should they respond to evil persecution? Humble yourselves under God’s mighty hand. God opposes the proud, and God favors to the humble. “Commit yourselves to your faithful Creator and continue to do good.” (1 Peter 4, 5).
God never stirred up persecution against his people, of course. But he takes responsibility, says the Bible. We don’t enjoy it. But he’s a wise and loving Father who treasures his children. John Calvin said that Jacob’s wrestling with God “is daily fulfilled in the individual members of the church, that in our temptations, it is necessary for us to wrestle against God.”
What if God is wrestling with you like this? What if God has brought these things into your life? What if God, in a sense, is working against you, while at the same time making you invincible, so that you won’t let go of him until you get his blessing.
Jacob was told, “you have struggled with God and people, and have overcome.” Jacob overcame by not quitting, he would not let go until he got blessed. God loved that, God said, “you defeated me, Jacob, you forced me to bless you.” That’s exactly how God wanted that long night to end.
So Jacob got blessed after God wounded him, but his wound did not go away. He was still wounded and limping, and also blessed.
Somehow, God wants us to see him behind the problem. Humble yourselves under God’s mighty hand, so that he may lift you up in due time. Commit yourselves to your faithful Creator, and continue to do good. Amen.
PRAYER: O God, this calls for a lot of faith. We have trouble seeing you behind these painful things, we have trouble seeing that you yourself led us into this. On the other hand, we don’t want to insult you by talking as if you were not the Sovereign Ruler of the universe. Strengthen our faith. Father, we put ourselves in your hands, our bodies and our souls, we put them in your hands. We commit ourselves to our Faithful Creator. Send your Spirit so we can continue to do good. Amen.
BENEDICTION: May the God of peace, who through the blood of the eternal covenant brought back from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great Shepherd of the sheep, equip us with everything good for doing his will, and may he work in us what pleases him, through Jesus Christ, to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen. Go in God’s peace to love and serve the Lord. | <urn:uuid:61b1c71d-b5b4-4faa-b482-c3205b409a53> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ourkcc.ca/sermons/wrestling-with-god-genesis-32/?player=audio | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.983551 | 2,641 | 2.171875 | 2 |
On December 16, 1961, twenty-one-year-old Aquiles Sanchez married nineteen-year-old Carmen Rodriguez. Six days later, just three days before Christmas Day, they had their first fight.
On that day the young couple moved into a small studio apartment and began setting up Christmas decorations. That’s when they discovered that the Christmas traditions held most dear in both their families were at odds with one another. In Carmen’s family, the Christmas tree was the most important symbol of the season. In Aquiles’s family, it was the nativity scene. And with little money between them, and even less space in their tiny apartment, Carmen and Aquiles simply could not have both. They would have to choose. But attempts to persuade each other to the other’s side quickly turned to bickering and resentment.
Then the couple did something it takes most couples years to learn.
They decided to look for a third option. In other words, they decided to compromise.
They spread out a set of old magazines on the kitchen table to look for ideas. Eventually, one picture caught Aquiles’s eye. It was a Christmas ornament that looked like both a Christmas tree and a nativity scene. It was basically a two-foot-tall triangular frame wrapped in evergreen branches, so it essentially resembled a short Christmas tree. In the center of the frame, however, was a nicely sculpted figure of Mary, Joseph, and the baby Jesus. It wasn’t a perfect Christmas tree. And it wasn’t a perfect nativity scene. But together, it was perfect.
Aquiles built a triangular frame from wood. Carmen picked up some fallen evergreen branches from the floor of a Christmas tree vendor. And she found small porcelain images of Mary, Joseph, and baby Jesus for the center of the triangle. Then together they decorated the frame with the branches, ribbons, balls, a few lights, and even a star on top. They couldn’t rightly call it a Christmas “tree” or a “nativity scene.” So they decided to call it their “little Christmas Triangle.” With still a few days before the 25th, a Sanchez Christmas tradition was born.
Every year for the past fifty-three years, Aquiles and Carmen have put up their Christmas Triangle. And during the years they had small children at home, the day the Christmas Triangle was set up and decorated was the most cherished day of the season. Aquiles and Carmen would tell the story of how the Triangle was born, first to their children, and years later to their grandchildren. So year after year, generations of the Sanchez family learned and relearned the value of compromise.
They learned that compromise isn’t something that happens by accident. It’s an intentional thing, a choice. As long as you’re fighting for whatever it is you want, you won’t make any progress finding a compromise. It was only when Aquiles and Carmen dropped their attempt to win the argument, and picked up some magazines to find a solution they would both be happy with, that any real compromise happened. So any time a conflict arose in the Sanchez house, they asked themselves, “What’s the ‘little Christmas Triangle’ solution?” Usually they found one. They just had to look for it.
On the day each of their children got married, Aquiles and Carmen gave each his or her own Christmas Triangle to keep the tradition alive. Their youngest son, Hector, and his new bride, Milagros, put that tradition to use within days of getting that wedding gift—on their honeymoon.
The couple spent their honeymoon in Las Vegas in October. An avid baseball fan, Hector wanted nothing more than to watch the World Series on TV. But for Milagros, wasting three hours in an amazing city watching baseball on television was the furthest thing from her mind. “We’re in Vegas! I don’t want to miss anything here. I want to see all the sights!” Like Hector’s parents thirty-six years earlier, he and his new bride were about to have their first fight only a few days into their marriage.
The couple quickly asked themselves, “What’s the ‘little Triangle’ solution here?” After a few minutes of thought, they came up with this creative solution: In just about every restaurant, bar, and casino, there is a TV where the game would be playing live. “Let’s bar-, hotel-, and restaurant-hop our way around Las Vegas. We’ll stop for a short while in each place and watch a little of the game. Then move on.” From the Bellagio, to Rio, to the New York-New York hotel, they took in all the must-see attractions. And at each one, Hector got to see a little of the game. His wife even commented when the night was over, “That’s the baseball game I have enjoyed the most. It was like a scavenger hunt!”
The spirit of compromise in the little Christmas Triangle had served them well and has continued to do so over their sixteen years of marriage. And it can serve you well, too, even if you don’t have one of your own. When conflict arises in your life, ask yourself, “What’s the ‘little Christmas Triangle’ solution here?”
[You can find this and 100 other character-building stories in my book, Parenting with a Story: Real-life Lessons in Character for Parents and Children to Share. Sign up for my newsletter below to get a story a week delivered to your inbox.] | <urn:uuid:c52f035b-6c15-4db6-a6dd-0e9aa4846837> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://leadwithastory.com/a-christmas-compromise-the-fight-every-couple-should-have/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.972539 | 1,205 | 2.546875 | 3 |
What Glazes Can You Make with Limited Materials?
When you don’t have all the materials in a glaze recipe
When you start looking for glaze recipes and have a limited number of materials on hand, you may find that you have almost (but not quite) all the materials for a million glaze recipes, but you can’t find a recipe that only uses the materials you currently have.
In 2016, I wrote a blog post called Start Mixing Your Own Glazes – A Shopping List where I offer a list of glaze materials that I would buy if I was just getting started and on a budget or had limited space.
It was one of the very first blog posts I ever wrote, before I had a Facebook group and an email list, when no one was really paying any attention to my website. I hadn’t considered that someday, people might actually read it and go out and buy all these materials.
Now that I’ve heard from several people who have done just that, I realize that more info is required for it to be super useful to a beginner.
What glazes can be made with this list of materials?
Why did I choose the materials that I did?
Most glazes can be re-formulated with different materials
When I created that list, it came from a place of knowing how to easily substitute glaze materials for each other. I knew that a lot of recipes out there could be re-formulated to be made using the ingredients on the shopping list.
For example, I knew that if a recipe called for Wollastonite, which isn’t on the list, I’d be able to substitute Whiting and Silica, which are on the list.
The thing about glazes is that the recipe and material choice is less important than the chemistry of all the materials combined. You can recreate a glaze using different materials, as long as the chemistry matches.
So in creating this glaze material shopping list, it seemed very versatile to me, but I hadn’t considered that many of the people who would buy this list of materials might not know how to re-formulate glazes using material substitutions.
It turns out that only my Black Velvet glaze and my Calcium Matte glaze matched the shopping list, as they were written. And even so, Black Velvet contains Cobalt and Calcined EPK, which aren’t on the list. Luckily, Calcined EPK can be created using regular EPK. Follow this link to learn how to do that.
Then I looked at the rest of my recipes and realized that many of the base recipes could be re-formulated using this list of materials. A base recipe is just the recipe without colourants added.
So I went ahead and re-formulated all the recipes I could and ended up with 9 different base recipes that can be made using the materials on the shopping list. I created a bookmarked collection of these base glazes called “Starter Materials – Glazes” on glazy.org.
Here’s an example of my clear glaze recipe before and after re-formulating with different materials. The chemistry (UMF – Unity Molecular Formula) is inside the turquoise rectangle. You want to get those numbers as close to matching as you can.
Adding Colourants and Opacifiers
You can take any of these 9 base recipes and add colourants to them to get a wide variety of coloured glazes, depending on which colourants you have.
On the shopping list, the only colourants I included were Copper Carbonate and Red Iron Oxide, in order to keep costs down. Copper generally makes greens and blues and iron makes yellows and browns.
Another very common colourant you may want to have on hand is Cobalt which makes blues and purples. Copper, Iron and Cobalt are the 3 most common glaze colourants. Other less common colourants include Manganese, Nickel and Chrome.
You may also want to have some opacifiers on hand to further increase your colour options. Zircopax is the cheapest opacifier that doesn’t have a big impact on the chemistry of a glaze. 5-10% Zircopax will turn a clear glossy glaze into a white glossy glaze.
Titanium dioxide and Rutile (which is titanium plus iron) are also opacifiers but they play more of a role in the chemistry, causing things like micro-crystallization and variegated colours.
Tin oxide is the most expensive and least common opacifier and is often used with Chrome to make pink.
I recommend having at least one opacifier if you really want to experiment and have the most diverse options.
You can test base recipes with different percentages of colourants, you can mix and match different colourants, and you can combine colourants with opacifiers. There are an infinite number of possibilities when you start playing around with different percentages of all of these glaze additives.
Here are the most common percentages I see for each of the colourants and opacifiers:
- Copper Carbonate 1-4%
- Cobalt Carbonate 0.5-2%
- Red Iron Oxide 1-10%
- Manganese Dioxide 1-5%
- Chrome Oxide 0.1-2%
- Nickel Oxide 0.5-2%
- Zircopax 5-10%
- Rutile 1-6%
- Titanium dioxide 1-4%
- Tin oxide 1-2%
When adding colourants and opacifiers to a base recipe, you just take the glaze batch size and multiply it by the percentage of colourant to get the grams of colourant.
For example, if you want to add 2% colourant to a 1000g batch of glaze:
1000g x 0.02 = 20g of colourant added to the base recipe.
So now we have a list of base glazes that can be made with the limited materials on my shopping list, just by taking existing recipes and substituting materials we don’t have for ones we do have. And then we can add colourants as desired you can choose the colourants shown in my original recipes or try completely new ones!
If you test any of them, it would be great if you could upload your photos to these recipes on glazy.org.
Live Glazy Demo
Want to see how I did the material substitutions to re-formulate these base recipes?
Tune in to Ceramic Story-Time (video posted below) where I go live on video, read this blog post out loud, and then take you into glazy.org to show you where to find these base glazes and demonstrate how I did the material substitutions.
And if you love Glazy, please consider supporting its development with a donation. For just $2/month, you can unlock some great features including a magic button that makes material substitutions for you. All you do is tell it which materials you have and it will match the chemistry of any recipe with a click. I have no affiliation with Glazy, I just really love it.
Learn How to Mix and Test Glazes
If you’ve never mixed a glaze from scratch before and want to learn, I teach an online workshop called Glaze Mixing Essentials where I show you all the steps to mix a glaze and then test a base glaze with multiple colourants. Click the link for all the details.
Join my free community
If you love learning about and discussing glazes, I'd like to invite you to my free social learning Facebook group called Understanding Glazes with Sue. The group is full of videos and discussions about firing, mixing glazes and fixing various glaze issues. Please join! | <urn:uuid:a2f6d17e-4fbc-47b6-aa03-05b1682707fb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://suemcleodceramics.com/what-glazes-can-you-make-with-limited-materials/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.952441 | 1,642 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Do your teachers need a computing IEP?
At the recent Consortium for School Networking conference educational computing pioneer Seymour Papert was asked to explain why there has been so little transformation. Papert told the crowd that their practice of verbal inflation was the major obstacle to educational innovation in the digital age. He meant the breathless rhetoric about the magical ways technology is used in classrooms, when most of those tales could not pass the “So what?” test. Conventional notions of curriculum, assessment and practice are seldom questioned, he said, and yet we have the temerity to declare, “Transformation!”
Computer-generated mind maps are presented to the community as justification for the technology investment while they represent little more than high-tech napkin scribbles or a book report outline. Wiring is mistakenly confused with innovation while we hold on with all our might to the ridiculous mythology of drill-and-practice. The only transformation in the software industry is the ever-changing collection of ways it disguises that you’ll be gonged if you get a long division problem incorrect. Integrated learning systems, classroom performance systems and adaptive instruction are clever euphemisms for turning classrooms into high-stakes game shows. This is just 1980s Math Blaster without that pesky patina of fun.
Teachers who don’t use computers aren’t digital immigrants; they’re digital ninnies.
Conference programs are filled with presentations on how to use computers to reinforce a trivial aspect of the traditional curriculum without ever calling into question that content. Our attention should be paid to how the computer might allow children to not only learn what the textbooks prescribe in a deeper, more efficient fashion, but to develop what Papert called, “modern knowledge.”
All sorts of excuses are made for why the most powerful intellectual instrument ever invented, the computer, has had so little impact on schooling. We blame a shortage of professional development, funding or quality software. Publishers, politicians and principals are also accused of impeding educational progress with their hierarchical mandates. Yet, the simple fact remains that a quarter century after microcomputers entered your schools a minority of teachers use them and an even smaller percentage do so in a way that increases opportunities for all learners.
Lurking in the teacher’s room
Fifteen years ago I had the good fortune to lead professional development at the first two schools where every child had a laptop. Wondrous student work emerged and a good number of educators even “transformed” their teaching practice. Yet, it seemed impossible to reach the “tipping point” when the vast majority of teachers used computers in constructive ways. It turns out there was a staff member, ironically an IT teacher, who would take colleagues aside and tell them not to worry about the laptops or the silly talk of innovation. “This too shall pass,” he suggested. This one teacher caused inestimable damage before moving to several other schools and repeating the pattern.
Many schools harbor such low-tech insurgents and pay too little attention to their potential for destruction.
Dear Mr. & Ms. Crabtree:
You are not noble defenders of childhood innocence or pedagogical excellence. You have managed to block student access to critical learning opportunities and intellectual tools for more than 25 years. There is no acceptable excuse for cheating a generation of children.
We love cute little cliches referring to children as digital natives and adults are mere digital immigrants. Not only is this simplistic aphorism insulting to the millions of grown-ups capable of using a computer, but it also provides cover for the teachers who have refused to enter the last quarter of the 20th century. After all, they’re special.
Why not call such teachers digital ninnies? How about non-learners? Students should not be entrusted to adults so oppositionally defiant as learners. An IEP would be created for a child who displayed such an unwillingness to grow.
School leaders need to expand their vision, raise expectations and use precise language they are indeed going to transform education for the next generation of learners. Let’s cut the baloney, increase access and share compelling models of what children can learn and do with computers.
Veteran educator Gary Stager, Ph.D. is the author of Twenty Things to Do with a Computer – Forward 50, co-author of Invent To Learn — Making, Tinkering, and Engineering in the Classroom, publisher at Constructing Modern Knowledge Press, and the founder of the Constructing Modern Knowledge summer institute. He led professional development in the world’s first 1:1 laptop schools thirty years ago and designed one of the oldest online graduate school programs. Gary is also the curator of The Seymour Papert archives at DailyPapert.com. Learn more about Gary here. | <urn:uuid:405b61ff-882d-452f-a85c-3b2eef2fc300> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://stager.tv/?p=3983 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.944549 | 996 | 2.25 | 2 |
Robins sing and vacuums roar!
Ahhh, Springtime!! Robins are singing, the grass is growing and vacuum cleaners are working overtime to keep ahead of the dog and cat hair. The annual spring shedding of hairy coats has begun.
Except for those who choose special critters like reptiles, birds, or poodles, everyone who has housepets does constant battle with hair. Although most dogs and nearly all cats lose hair continuously throughout the year, seasonal changes trigger accelerated shedding. It’s actually the change in length of daylight that drives the process, not rising temperatures. Right now, most of our pets are changing their winter coats for lighter summerwear and they’ll switch them again come Fall. The only exceptions are hairless breeds like Sphinx cats and Chinese Crested dogs. As well, Poodles, Bichons, Shih Tzus and other similar breeds don’t shed any more than you or I although they present their own types of grooming challenges.
Aside from the stress on our sanity trying to keep ahead of the spring shed, the abundance of loose hair at this time of year can cause problems such as hairballs in cats and severe matting in animals with long hair or “double” coats like Collie breeds and Huskies. The healthiest approach to the spring shed for any pet is to step up grooming schedules. Daily brushing is a necessity! For cats who normally spend at least 10 per cent of their day grooming themselves, ten-minutes of brushing daily decreases hair ingestion significantly. Since hairballs can cause serious disease, that’s ten minutes well spent. For dogs, daily brushing helps distribute oils, improving the health of skin and coat and, just as importantly, it’s a great time for bonding and training.
I hear a few snorts out there from those of you with brush-phobic pets. “Ya right, Snookie will be hiding with the dust bunnies under the bed if he even hears the brush drawer open.” Or worse, “TRex has eaten the last two brushes we bought.” Better the brushes than your fingers, I suppose. These grooming-grump dogs and cats are real problems to themselves and sometimes they are brought to Hillcrest Animal Hospital for sedated grooming. For the most part, all we can do is anesthetize them and shave off their matted coats. Often the process has been delayed too long and the underlying skin is sore and infected. We wouldn’t win any prizes for beautiful clipping jobs either!
Teaching a pet to accept grooming is a big task if the animal has years of brush battles behind him, but taking baby steps using rewards and gentle hands can help. That’s why teaching puppies and kittens to allow all grooming activities is so vital. Introduce grooming tools like brushes, combs and nail trimmers immediately after the pet is adopted. Make grooming time fun and use food rewards to bump up the stakes. If one brush gets shunned despite patient efforts, try a different type of bristles. Once fully vaccinated, puppies who are going to be professionally groomed should be introduced to their “stylist”. Good experiences with the groomer from the start will make your pet much happier with handling all of his life.
Whether done at home or by a professional, baths help loosen hairs and can be safely done once a month, using products specifically made for cats or dogs. Never bath a pet before combing or clipping out all the matts or things can get really nasty.
As mentioned above, the so-called non-shedding breeds such as poodles almost always need to be clipped regularly, unless you are devoted enough to brush loads of long hair every single day forever…almost makes vacuuming sound recreational.
For more information, try these web articles:
Neither the author nor Hillcrest Animal Hospital are endorsing products promoted on the above websites. Use your own discretion or ask your veterinarian for advice.
Dr. Fiona Gilchrist, DVM | <urn:uuid:f57dcd28-a291-4c26-bfce-f28ea9f4f179> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hillcrestanimalhospital.ca/heres-hair-in-your-eye/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.944319 | 838 | 2.046875 | 2 |
The VHLα domain of human VHL.
The SOCS box is an approximately 40 amino acid region of homology originally identified in members of the supressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of proteins. The SOCS box is always located at the C terminus and appears to help target proteins for ubiquitination. The BC-box is a sub-domain common to both the SOCS box and the VHLα domain that facilitates binding to the Elongin BC complex. The Elongin BC complex also interacts with the von-Hippel Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor protein to form the core of a larger VCB E3 ubiquitin protein ligase complex. In this context, the SOCS box/VHLα domain may be analogous to the structurally related F-box protein that links substrates to E3 complexes during ubiquitination. Five distinct types of N-terminal regions are associated with the C-terminal SOCS box. These include SH2 domains (SOCS proteins), WD40 repeats (WSB proteins), a SPRY domain (SSB proteins), Ankyrin repeats (ASB proteins), and a GTPase domain (RAR family).
The SOCS/VHLα domain consists of three α-helices that pack in a manner reminiscent of the so-called "folded-leaf" cluster, apart from the absence of one of the four α-helices. A helix from Elongin C fits into this gap to complete the four-helix cluster and create an arrangement where two pairs of helices pack perpendicular to one another.
|SOCS Domain Proteins||Binding Partners| | <urn:uuid:e123da28-6b8d-4a02-97e8-5ae1e281bc35> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cellsignal.com/learn-and-support/protein-domains-and-interactions/socs-protein-domain | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.883969 | 383 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Therapy to promote children’s communication
Welcome to the Speech and Language Clinic. My name is Frances O’Brien and I am a Speech and Language Therapist. I have a Master’s Degree in Speech Therapy, and I have been in practice for eighteen years.
I offer services in my clinic in Killaloe, or in my office located near Nenagh. I take pride in offering a personalised service to all of my clients.
I specialise in working with young children who have speech and language difficulties. I work with clients from across the Mid West region including Tipperary, Clare, Nenagh, East Limerick and Offaly. I provide therapy/assessments in a child’s school, or you can visit me in the East Clinic, Killaloe, Co Clare or in my office in Lower Shallee, Capparoe, E45TY49.
I also work with psychologists, Jason and Clinton Greenford, Psychological Assessment and Learning Solutions PALS as part of a multi-disciplinary team to assess children/adults in relation to Autism/ Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
Due to parental requests, Saturday appointments are now available.
I’d like to use this site to share information with you about Speech and Language therapy. See Questions/Answers Section to learn more about specific problems or to ask a question that you may have.
What is the one question people often ask?
What is the difference between Speech and Language?
‘In its simplest terms Speech refers to the production of sounds /words whereas language refers to shared rules about how we communicate meaning. You could say, Speech is the ‘how’ we make the sounds, and language is ‘what’ we say.
An example of a speech difficulty might be saying ‘dat’ for the word ‘cat’
An example of a language difficulty might be the inability to understand the meaning of words or the inability to form a complete sentence’
Frances O’Brien MSc, BSc, RN.
As well as sharing informative pieces like this with you on a regular basis, I would encourage you to email me if you feel your child is having difficulty with either speech or language. You can email me on firstname.lastname@example.org or you can call me on 087 601 5471. | <urn:uuid:7046a040-fce0-4b2b-95fe-5522eb0d50e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://speechandlanguageclinic.ie/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.944442 | 495 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Wholesale Face Masks
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The Maskari face masks are available on wholesale for online sellers, distributors and retailers. These one of a kind masks offer numerous features that ensure they’re not only protecting yourself and your loves ones, but are effective and comfortable for your customers.
MASKARI ANTIMICROBIAL FACE MASK | ANTIBACTERIAL | WATER REPELLENT | WASHABLE AT 40°C | REUSABLE UP TO 30 TIMES | STOCKED AND DESIGNED IN THE UK
HeiQ Viroblock is designed to inhibit the growth and persistence of bacteria and enveloped viruses on textile surfaces. It’s a unique combination of their registered silver technology for antimicrobial effect and their vesicle technology as a booster.Combination of HeiQ’s silver & vesicle technology: the silver technology attracts the oppositely charged viruses and binds permanently to their sulfur groups. Subsequently, the fatty spherical vesicle technology (Liposomes) helps to deplete the viral membrane of its cholesterol content in minutes, therefore the silver can destroy the virus rapidly.
HeiQ Viroblock NPJ03 is among the first textile technologies in the world to be proven effective against SARS-CoV-2 in the laboratory. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus from the coronavirus family that causes COVID-19.Tests have been conducted by HeiQ with the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity in Melbourne, Australia (Doherty Institute). HeiQ Viroblock NPJ03 has been tested successfully against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Tests conducted by HeiQ with the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity in Melbourne, Australia (Doherty Institute) showed that treated fabric achieved 99.99% reduction of the virus.
HeiQ Viroblock has been tested to the following in a laboratory: AntiViral Test: ISO 18184, ISO 20743, Anti Microbial Test: AATC 100, Human Skin Patch Test: Similar to ISO 10993-5.
HEIQ, VIROBLOCK, HEIQ VIROBLOCK, HEIQ SMART TEMP and HEIQ ECO DRY are trademark(s) or registered trademark(s) and properties of HeiQ Materials AG.
Buy the Maskari Face mask in Wholesale
Face masks are an effective method of protecting yourself and those you love from contracting or spreading disease. You should wear a face mask every time you’re feeling ill, especially when you have a cough, or you’re sneezing. Despite the essential role that face masks play in the limiting of the spread of diseases, some people find them uncomfortable and in some instances for the disposable ones might prove costly over time.
To ensure as many people as possible have quality and affordable protection, we are introducing the Maskari Face Mask. The Maskari face mask is made using revolutionary Swedish technology that enhances the comfort and protection of the face mask while ensuring you can still breathe comfortably. Using unique construction features, this unique face mask has a high capacity filtration that filters out most small particles, bacteria and viruses from the air you breathe.
You can buy the Maskari face mask in wholesale for re-selling or providing to your team. The masks are made from high-quality materials with excellent features that make them easy to wear even for long periods. We have the masks ready for shipping at reasonable rates which allows for a good mark-up for resellers and affordable rates for companies buying to donate the masks to the community.
The masks come in individual packaging to prevent cross-contamination. We have thousands of masks packaged and ready for shipping. For more information on how you can get your Maskari fac emask wholesale order delivered right to your address get in touch with us today!
What a face covering is?A face covering in the context of COVID-19 is something that safely covers the mouth and nose. The most commonly used types of face coverings include a scarf, bandana, religious garment, and hand-made clothes. With many types of face masks available, you can choose to buy a reusable or a single-use face covering. Contrary to popular opinion, face masks are not used to cover the wearer but rather to protect others. Face masks have become an effective method of curbing the spread of infection when won properly by covering the nose and mouth. In addition to our collection of wholesale face masks, there are other types of face masks which include PPE face masks, and surgical face masks.
Why wear a face mask?COVID-19 is commonly spread by droplets from that leave your mouth when you speak, sneeze or cough. These droplets can be picked up from surfaces, which are then transferred to your face if you don’t wash your hands. Wearing a face covering can help to drastically reduce the spread of the virus in various settings. When used in conjunction with other best practices like washing hands regularly and maintaining social distancing, faces masks are an effective method of protecting others. It’s important to remember that face masks are designed to protect others and not the wearer. As such, it is important to still maintain social distance even when wearing one of our wholesale masks.
When to wear a face mask?The requirements for wearing a face-covering are constantly changing. There are different rules that exist on wearing face masks in various public places. These rules differ depending on your current regional locations. As a gold rule of thumb, you need to wear a face-covering in various indoor settings. In some areas like England, these are also a requirement.
- In public transport and transport hubs
- Shops, supermarkets, and shopping centres
- Beauty spas, barbershops, nail salon, tattoo and piercing parlours and other related premises
- Entertainment venues and visitor attraction sites like cinemas, museums and theatres
- Public reading rooms and libraries
When you do not need to wear a face mask?In some circumstances, you’re not required to wear a face mask. Again, these regulations differ depending on your region but they typically include:
- Children under the age of 3 years for health and safety reasons.
- People with physical and mental illness or impairments that make it hard to wear a face covering.
- The employee of indoor settings.
- In cases where the mask may interfere with the ability to serve for emergency workers and police officers.
- When putting on the face-covering can cause severe distress to the wearer.
How to wear a face mask?A face covering will only be effective when worn correctly. Before wearing the face mask, you should wash your hands with soap and water or use a hand sanitiser. Once your hands are clean, you can wear your face mask ensuring:
- It covers your nose and mouth while still allowing you to breathe comfortably.
- The mask is comfortable but sits on your face securely.
- The mask should be made for comfortable and breathable materials like cotton.
- If the mask is reusable, it can be washed with other laundry items and dried.
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Buy in packs of 1, 2 or 5 | <urn:uuid:feed98e4-9c8e-4bae-a530-190d68bd78e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jutebag.co.uk/wholesale-face-masks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.921843 | 1,792 | 1.554688 | 2 |
A 188th GARLAND OF BRITISH LIGHT MUSIC COMPOSERS
The series of Garlands has thrown up mention of many who have written
much incidental music for film, TV and radio. Another one of these is
Andrea Gomez, whose latest score, for a small instrumental group, was
for Radio 3's production of the play She Stoops To Conquer (May 2001),
by Oliver Goldsmith, a classic drama which has inspired other attractive
music, notably Alfred Reynolds' charming song for the heroine Kate Hardcastle
"Ah Me When Shall I Marry Me?" and, to go much further back,
an opera by George MacFarren (1813-1887).
H Cyphus is not exactly a name to conjure with, but in 1933 he did
write incidental music for a staged version of Alice in Wonderland and
his music was published. Does anyone know anything else about him (or
her)? Another in the same category is George Tootell, also probably
active in the 1930s and whose orchestral suite, Manx Scenes sounds evocative,
judging by its movement titles: "Crag and Sea", "At the
Trysting Place" and "A Manx Wedding", but I have no further
information on Tootell. On a Mr Andrew, composer of the catchy novelty
number The Doll's House, I know less, not even his Christian name, but
he was active in the 1920s.
And so finally to two composers who have composed a fair amount for
children, though Ronald Tremain (1923-) has by no means confined himself
to that as his output includes a number of Shakespearean and other partsongs
and an Allegro for strings dated 1958. But unison songs like I saw a
Fishbird and Shepherd Boy's Song and the Eight Children's Pieces for
piano show his devotion to the "young idiom". In the early
1980s James Leisy brought out a number of musical plays with younger
performers in mind: Tiny Tim's Christmas Card (1981), for unison voices,
Alice, based on both Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass
(1981), and The Pied Piper (1982).
Philip L Scowcroft
Philip's book 'British Light Music Composers' (ISBN 0903413 88 4) is
currently out of print. | <urn:uuid:7cfdc8ea-6328-4c79-bd04-d56e63a4ad7c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.musicweb-international.com/garlands/188.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.936313 | 500 | 1.5 | 2 |
It was April 15, Juche 43(1954).
As a schoolboy Kim Jong Il proposed presenting a congratulatory banner he and his classmates had prepared for Kim Il Sung.
His classmates were so pleased to hear the proposal. But Kim Jong Il took another meticulous look at the banner.
He repeatedly checked the banner for any flaws in characters and embroidery, and told how to say greetings when they present the banner to the leader and how to behave before him.
“We have so many holidays,” he said. “I think April 15 is the most significant and auspicious event among them. Why? It’s because the fatherly leader was born on this day to win back the country’s independence and bring other holidays to us. Today’s happiness and all glory in the future for us are unthinkable without him. That’s why his birthday is the most cheerful and foremost holiday for us….”
Already in his teens, Kim Jong Il regarded April 15 as the greatest holiday of others and instructed his mates that people’s happiness and ever-lasting glory of the nation are all guaranteed by Kim Il Sung. | <urn:uuid:89fd3635-ad40-4bbc-9f54-272f5fba6826> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kkfonline.com/2018/05/22/foremost-holiday/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.979476 | 243 | 2.609375 | 3 |
If you are suffering from low testosterone, you may be looking for the top symptoms of low testosterone. There are a few common symptoms you will see as a result of low testosterone, and the ones listed here are the most commonly experienced by men. Low testosterone can have a number of causes, but the most common ones are aging, diabetes, injuries to the testicles, and chemotherapy. Here is what you can expect when you have low testosterone:
When you have low testosterone, you may experience a number of symptoms. Some of these include erectile dysfunction, fatigue, decreased sex drive, decreased energy levels, depression, irritability, decreased bone density, decreased libido, and less body hair. Low testosterone can cause you to lose muscle, and experience decreased muscle growth and strength. It can also cause your testicles to shrink, leading to infertility.
If you suffer from low testosterone, you should know that many of these problems are treatable. The most common way to treat erectile dysfunction due to low testosterone is called testosterone replacement therapy. This involves taking a synthetic version of the male hormone into your body. Many people find this method of treatment to be very effective in increasing libido and treating minor cases of low testosterone levels.
In addition to these effects on libido and strength, low testosterone may notice a decrease in muscle mass. This means you will be weaker overall because your bones will not be as strong. You may notice a smaller chest, as your bone mass drops. Weight lifting can help you gain back some lost muscle mass. In extreme cases, low testosterone can lead to weak bones, so it is important to pay close attention to your bone mass if you are experiencing any symptoms of this problem.
If you are taking testosterone replacement therapy to treat a medical condition, keep in mind that this form of treatment produces side effects, just like prescription drugs. Your body may experience allergic reactions to the hormones in the blood. Low testosterone levels can also cause blood thinning or increase your risk of blood clots. You may need to monitor your blood pressure, and avoid strenuous exercise until you have reduced your testosterone levels enough to stabilize them.
Talk to the medical professionals at Priority Men’s Medical Center in Georgia before starting any new supplement or medication. Your doctor will be able to run all of the tests needed to determine what your exact levels are, as well as where they are going. Your doctor may even be able to determine whether or not a natural testosterone product could help you. Natural products can raise your testosterone levels naturally, without the harmful side effects, and with no need for a prescription. Speak to your doctor about which type of treatment might be best for you.
Low Testosterone is often referred to as male pattern baldness. It has many causes, some of which are unknown. However, one of the most common causes for low levels of testosterone is aging. As men age, their Testosterone production begins to decline at an unnatural rate. This can lead to a number of symptoms such as hair thinning and falling out, decreased sexual desire, mood disturbances, depression, irritability, decreased energy levels and more.
Low Testosterone is normally treated with hormone replacement therapy, which is administered in a variety of ways: Intramuscularly, usually every six months; topically, usually once a day. Many creams and lotions can be purchased over the counter that contain a synthetic form of testosterone or a combination of male hormones and estrogen. While these medications can be very effective, they can also have dangerous side effects that may cause further health problems down the road. Some people have reported experiencing symptoms of low testosterone that were not addressed by prescription hormone therapy.
Low Testosterone is often associated with a number of negative side effects that can lead to other health problems if left untreated. The most common side effect of low testosterone levels is erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction can affect anyone, but it commonly occurs among younger men, meaning that treatment of low testosterone can sometimes delay or even stop the onset of erectile dysfunction. For this reason, low testosterone levels can often be detected early and treated effectively. Additionally, low testosterone can often be the underlying root cause of other symptoms of low energy levels, such as loss of libido and depression.
Low testosterone production can also cause other symptoms in older men such as fatigue and depression. When low levels of testosterone are present, the pituitary gland will not secrete enough of the hormone. As a result, energy levels often drop significantly and symptoms of depression and fatigue start to appear. In some cases, low testosterone production may be caused by medical conditions, including hypothyroidism or menopause. However, in many cases, low testosterone production is a result of age.
There are a number of ways that blood tests can determine the level of testosterone in the body. One of the most common methods involves checking the testosterone levels in the patient’s saliva. This method is not always successful, as saliva production of testosterone drops as the patient ages. Another method of testosterone testing involves using specialized mass spectrometry devices to separate the testosterone molecules from the other chemicals present in the blood sample.
While there are not many proven medical treatments for low testosterone levels, testosterone replacement therapy has become popular due to its effectiveness. In fact, many doctors recommend testosterone replacement therapy for patients suffering from ailments such as erectile dysfunction, obesity, osteoporosis and depression. However, these medications carry a number of risks, such as excessive hair growth, excess skin oil and the development of prostate cancer.
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- September 2018 | <urn:uuid:14d66d55-d73e-4172-9209-033015e39afb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://healthyetips.com/low-testosterone-what-can-it-do-to-you/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.951334 | 1,350 | 1.609375 | 2 |
This story is part of a series where Verywell Health editors try different health trends and report what they find.
- Research shows that social media can negatively impact your health by increasing feelings of depression, anxiety, and even insomnia.
- If you find that your relationship with social media is hurting you, you can try going on a “digital detox,” or quitting social media for some time.
- Cutting social media from your life may not be necessary, but setting boundaries can be helpful.
You either love social media or you hate it. Or you’re like me and constantly vacillate between those two sides of the spectrum.
The apps that dominate so much of our attention have been in hot water more than usual lately. This summer, Facebook whistleblower Frances Haugen released thousands of internal documents to Congress showing that the company knows how it contributes to many harms including its impact on teens’ mental health and body image.
As someone who made their first Facebook account at the age of 12 and Instagram profile shortly after in 2010, I was certainly one of the earliest guinea pigs for the giant social media experiment. For 12 years, I’ve used social media nearly every day. While my relationship with these apps has evolved over time, it hasn’t always been for the best.
Throughout the pandemic, I spent too many hours scrolling through photos of people who failed to follow safety precautions. TikTok’s algorithm often sucked me in for three or four hours at a time. This kind of “doomscrolling” took a major toll on my mental health. This is common. Excessive social media use has been associated with increased depression, anxiety, poor sleep, memory loss, and more.
So I decided to try a “social media detox.”
What’s a Social Media Detox?
The rules are simple. No social media—which for me includes Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok—from Monday to the following Sunday. While some studies recommend limiting use for as much as a month, more than a week wouldn’t work because of my job duties as an editor.
On Monday, November 2, I deleted all social media apps from my phone, to remove temptation from the equation. For the week, I also refrained from clicking on social media links friends or coworkers sent me. And I made sure not to scroll on my partner’s phone or ask for screenshots of social media posts.
Unsurprisingly, the first days were the hardest. On Monday morning my fingers worked on a mind of their own: unlocking my phone, swiping right, and pulling down my search bar looking for phantom apps.
Almost immediately, a craving for the endless scroll settled in. Mindless scrolling, after all, can be comforting. I spent most of my first day blaming myself for feeling addicted to these platforms. Because in many ways, we’ve demonized “phone addictions” as being symptoms of vanity, and vapidness.
But if you’re trying to pull back too, it’s important to remember that these apps were specifically designed to be addictive. They were built with the intention of keeping you plugged in. It’s not your fault that it worked.
After two days, my fiancé became my new social media paperboy, delivering me a nightly “digest” of the latest online happenings. He informed me that I missed Elon Musk telling the United Nations he’d sell Tesla stock to end world hunger through a tweet and my best friends’ posts from Halloweekend. Also, the return of Starbucks holiday drinks. Without this information, I was practically living in the dark ages.
But beyond missing out on fun tidbits, I felt disconnected from the news, which made my workday challenging. Like most of Gen Z, I get a lot of my news on Twitter. Throughout the day, our Verywell news team often sends tweets and Instagram stories to spur story ideas. For a week, I couldn’t join in or scour TikTok for health trends. I also had to find new ways to decompress throughout the workday. Every time I needed to “turn my brain off” for a few minutes, I could feel my hands reflexively type Twitter in the search bar.
As the days went on I found solutions.
When I needed a break from editing, I got up and walked around my living room. Sometimes I’d even read a few pages of a novel I was working through. I craved the comfort of social media less and less. I found time to do other things that make me happy like boxing, art classes, and reading. I could simply be, without capturing it and without proving my existence for others to see.
I witnessed dramatic improvements in my sleep and mindfulness. On a typical night, I usually lull myself to bed with an hour-long scroll on TikTok in pitch-black darkness. During the detox, I picked up a book instead.
Research shows that the light from our phones at night can throw off our circadian rhythms and mess with our sleep. As a health editor, this isn’t news to me. Still, it can be difficult to follow every piece of health advice experts put forth. This one, however, is definitely worth it.
My sleep was deeper and I woke up with more energy in the mornings. Scrolling on apps before bed often left my body feeling wired—the anxious energy still stirring inside of me. Without social media, that feeling was nonexistent.
My relationship with social media remains just that: a relationship. One that ebbs and flows and looks differently during different periods of my life.
Deleting the apps that function as my biggest distractors also forced me to be more present. When I arrived at my gym 30 minutes before my class began, I pulled out my phone and wrote: Arriving early to class, what do I do? Sit. So I sat and watched the sunset. I felt no need to distract myself. With every day that passed, I continued to be more and more present for those around me.
Once Friday arrived, I faced my final test. After a particularly exhausting week, I wasn’t feeling my best. Almost instantly after I logged off for the day, I could feel myself craving the familiar comfort of sinking into my couch and scrolling the night away. Instead, I stepped outside into the cold for a few moments. I stood in my discomfort. Eventually, the feeling passed. I’m better off for confronting my tiredness and messy emotions and resisting the urge to reach for an easy solution.
Practicing mindfulness can offer plenty of health benefits. It can greatly improve your mental health by enhancing your memory and attention span, as well as helping relieve stress, anxiety, and depression. Physically, being mindful can help improve your sleep, lower your blood pressure, and even help reduce chronic pain.
For me, detoxing from social media wasn’t a life-changing experience. My relationship with social media remains just that: a relationship. One that ebbs and flows and looks differently during different periods of my life.
It didn’t revolutionize my life. I didn’t pour all the time I once spent scrolling into writing the next great American novel and picking up two or three hobbies. (I secretly hoped this would happen.)
But I did feel more connected to myself, physically and mentally. I slept better. My thoughts were clearer. I trusted my own self-control more than I have in years.
There is no shortage of evidence proving that limiting your use can be beneficial in many ways. In particular, research shows that a digital detox can be great for your mental health and sleep.
One 2020 study found that students who participated in a digital detox period experienced better moods, reduced anxiety, and improved sleep. A 2018 study found that reducing Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat use to 10 minutes, per platform, per day, for three weeks led to less loneliness, depression, and anxiety.
During those seven days though, I couldn’t shake the feeling of loneliness. During the pandemic, many of our interactions went online. I moved to a town where I only knew a handful of people. My coworkers all live in another state. Without these small interactions with loved ones scattered across the country, it’s easy to feel isolated.
Social media doesn’t always have to be the villain keeping you from living a fulfilled life. It does also give you those things it once promised it would: silly photos of your best friend’s cat, book recommendations from acquaintances on Instagram, and birthday posts from your mom and all her best friends.
The Final Verdict
My advice is simple: Social media can improve your life when used in moderation. For better or worse, these apps will now forever be a part of the fabric of our society. Instead of having an all-or-nothing mentality toward social media, try working on your relationships with them. Set boundaries by limiting your time spent using the apps.
Moving forward, I’m aiming to be more intentional about my social media use. I want to scroll on TikTok because it’s how I want to spend my time and not because it’s a mindless habit. I don’t want to open up Instagram at every red light. I want to leave my phone untouched for hours on end. There is a way to live “Verywell” while enjoying the good parts of social media. But it’s up to you to determine what that looks like. | <urn:uuid:8a7e9b56-fbdf-4f0f-9e68-6acdace850c3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://healthylifesylee.com/i-tried-quitting-social-media-it-didnt-revolutionize-my-health.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.957597 | 2,005 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Ho Chi Minh CityThree months after recovering from Covid-19, Mai Lan (35 years old) always lost sleep, flickered for a few hours every night, leading to fatigue and irritability.
Before and during the Covid-19 treatment period in August, Ms. Lan was in good physical and mental health and had never lost sleep. At the beginning of September, a month after she recovered from her illness, she began to have trouble sleeping, restless sleep. Her mother – a severe F0 hospitalized, had the same condition. She said, mother and daughter often lie awake until morning, even though they try to relax and not play on the phone. Sleep is broken into small intervals, about 1-2 hours long, by awakenings. On average, every day for three consecutive months, she slept 3-4 hours.
Long-term lack of sleep makes Ms. Lan not focus on work at the company, and online sales are also affected because she is easily irritable, frustrated, headache, tired. Sister and mother take some herbal sleeping pills under the guidance of a doctor; examined at a traditional medicine hospital, took 10 doses of traditional Chinese medicine for 20 days, supplemented with substances such as calcium, iron, zinc…, fell asleep faster, but the state of waking up in the middle of the night did not improve. Lan’s mother gradually slept better, returned to her normal state, and has now stopped taking medication.
After examining and eliminating causes such as depression, stress from work, unemployment, etc., the doctor diagnosed that Ms. Lan’s insomnia was caused by sequelae of Covid-19 and this condition can last for many years. month. If it is more than 6 months, you need to go to the hospital to do some tests. Lan said she felt very worried, “maybe I have to take sleeping pills for the rest of my life”, she said.
Afraid of drug addiction, she decided not to take the drug anymore, but let her body recover gradually. In addition to the herbal foot bath every night, she practices yoga and meditation. Currently, for nearly a month now, Lan has been able to sleep for 5-6 hours a night, but still wakes up 1-2 times in the middle.
Mr. Tran Giang (30 years old, from Hoc Mon) said that both husband and wife suffered from hair loss, body aches, lack of appetite, the most serious problem was chronic insomnia after contracting Covid-19 in mid-September. Previously. , they are the type of “put your back to the bed and snore”, now only sleep a few hours a night, wake up at noon. Linh, who is always sluggish, has dark circles under her eyes, and her skin is darkened. Mr. Giang became more sensitive, noises such as bowls and chopsticks clashing, children playing, and the neighbor’s television also annoyed him. In particular, when returning to the fast delivery job, Mr. Giang lost concentration, delivered the wrong order many times, even fell asleep on a motorbike in front of the guest house. “I’m like a person walking on clouds,” he describes.
He bought a box of herbal sleeping pills, a box of 50 pills, priced at 80,000 VND. Linh took the drug for two weeks, one pill a day, slept for 6-8 hours, then stopped the drug. As for Mr. Giang drinking, he fell asleep easily for the first 10 days, then almost stayed up all night. He was introduced by the pharmacy staff to a more “heavy” drug, belonging to the benzodiazepine group, with “guaranteed to completely cut off insomnia”. Over the past two months, he has taken two pills of this type every night, and feels good and sleeps for a long time.
However, the man said, he often dreams, wakes up feeling tired, difficult to concentrate 100% while driving. Afraid of the drug’s side effects if taken for a long time, he is reducing the dose himself to one pill, but the time to sleep also decreases with the dose of the drug.
According to Dr. Tran Trung Thanh (Head of Department of Neurology, Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital), after recovering from Covid-19 you may experience many problems with neuropsychiatric disorders, of which insomnia is the most common, accounting for about 42 people. %. Patients often go to pharmacies to buy sedatives and sleeping pills, rather than see a doctor. Meanwhile, pharmacies are only allowed to sell prescription sleeping pills or non-narcotic drugs. Sedative and sleep-inducing drugs belong to the group of benzodiazepines (including seduxen, diazepam…) on the list of prescription drugs.
Using benzodiazepines for more than 2-3 weeks like Mr. Giang can cause psychological and physiological dependence, according to doctors. Drug users may experience anxiety, restlessness, insomnia again, even mental breakdown, depression, memory loss, especially in the elderly. Overdose can lead to confusion, lethargy, and incorrect movement.
Doctor Trinh Thi Dieu Thuong (Head of Facility 3, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City) said that insomnia is very common, about 30-45% of adults, women more often than men. In addition to Covid-19, the cause of insomnia is mainly due to psychological injuries such as work stress, anxiety, overthinking, and just experiencing psychological trauma; depression or mania. People with medical conditions, using stimulants, or being elderly are also prone to insomnia.
Lack of sleep, poor sleep reduces quality of life (increased fatigue, decreased clarity, daytime sleepiness, confusion, memory impairment, stress and anxiety…), leading to depression , other mental illnesses and the risk of accidents. Insomnia also increases the activation of the nervous system, increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (high blood pressure, myocardial infarction), diabetes, liver damage, poor digestive system, rapid skin aging and dark skin, physiological weakness.
Patients need to find out the cause of insomnia to be able to treat it completely and avoid recurrence. Doctors combine a variety of treatments, such as traditional medicine, behavioral therapy, sleep hygiene, stimulus control, relaxation, cognitive therapy, and medication. Many people buy self-medication drugs, abuse drugs, become addicted to drugs, and depend on drugs, making it difficult to treat later, Dr. Thuong said.
Therefore, the doctor recommends that if you have prolonged insomnia, you need to go to the hospital to examine, diagnose the cause and make an appropriate treatment plan. In addition to drugs, patients need to be psychologically stabilized, exercise regularly, supplement with adequate nutrition, and well manage underlying diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, etc. to improve insomnia.
* Character name has changed | <urn:uuid:7dc5df34-1e83-49e2-b318-b9a5fd15fc47> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://briardforce.com/chronic-insomnia-after-recovering-from-covid-19/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.960486 | 1,444 | 2.09375 | 2 |
TATE, JAMES,SEBASTIAN (2021) CREATING A COHERENT SCORE:
THE MUSIC OF SINGLE-PLAYER FANTASY COMPUTER ROLE-PLAYING GAMES. Doctoral thesis, Durham University.
|PDF (Thesis) - Accepted Version|
This thesis provides a comprehensive exploration into the music of the ludic genre (Hourigan, 2005) known as a Computer Role-Playing Game (CRPG) and its two main sub-divisions: Japanese and Western Role-Playing Games (JRPGs & WRPGs). It focuses on the narrative category known as genre fiction, concentrating on fantasy fiction (Turco, 1999) and seeks to address one overall question: How do fantasy CRPG composers incorporate the variety of musical material needed to create a coherent score across the JRPG and WRPG divide?
Seven main chapters form the thesis text. Chapter One provides an introduction to the thesis, detailing the research contributions in addition to outlining a variety of key terms that must be understood to continue with the rest of the text. A database accompanying this thesis showcases the vast range of CRPGs available; a literature review tackles relevant existing materials. Chapters Two and Three seek to provide the first canonical history of soundtracks used in CRPGs by dissecting typical narrative structures for games so as to provide context to their musical scores. Through analysis of existing game composer interviews, cultural influences are revealed. Chapters Four and Five mirror one another with detailed discussion respectively regarding JRPG and WRPG music including the influence that anime and Hollywood cinema have had upon them. In Chapter Six, the use of CRPG music outside of video games is explored, particularly the popularity of JRPG soundtracks in the concert hall. Chapter Seven concludes the thesis, summarising research contributions achieved and areas for future work. Throughout these chapters, the core task is to explain how the two primary sub-genres of CRPGs parted ways and why the music used to accompany these games differs so drastically.
|Item Type:||Thesis (Doctoral)|
|Award:||Doctor of Philosophy|
|Keywords:||Video Game Music, CRPG, WRPG, JRPG, Narrative, Role-Playing Game, Music, Ludomusicology|
|Faculty and Department:||Faculty of Arts and Humanities > Music, Department of|
|Copyright:||Copyright of this thesis is held by the author|
|Deposited On:||06 Jul 2021 09:33| | <urn:uuid:8b1d53aa-3605-4d61-85aa-183cd1842f11> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/14052/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.875563 | 536 | 1.789063 | 2 |
What is the What by Dave Eggers
First line: “I have no reason not to answer the door so I answer the door.”
As a kid, I had a book of science experiments and interesting facts about the world. One page contained a pie chart with a spinner. You had the same odds of landing that spinner in a tiny, designated sliver of the whole pie as you did being born in the United States. At the time, this was a new concept to me. I would spin it over and over again, wondering how life might be different had I been born somewhere else.
The title page calls the book both the autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng and a novel by Dave Eggers. As Achak Deng writes in the preface, “this book is a soulful account of my life.” Eggers spent years interviewing Achak Deng in order to tell his story using as authentic a voice as possible.
Although the story begins with Valentino as an adult living in the United States, we are quickly transported back to his happy childhood in a southern Sudanese village. Through Valentino’s six-year-old eyes, we watch as his village is overtaken by militiamen. Homes are set ablaze and people attempting to flee are murdered. Valentino manages to escape but does not know the fate of his parents. He spends the next several years of his life on the run, evading armed forces (and occasionally wild beasts), battling disease, and struggling to find enough food and water to survive in the African desert. His journey begins alone, but he soon meets up with a group of newly orphaned boys like himself, the so-called “Lost Boys” of Sudan. As they make their way toward a refugee camp in Kenya, the boys encounter unspeakable horrors, but there are also moments of laughter and the teasing typical of young boys.
Once Valentino reaches the refugee camp in Kenya, his troubles are far from over. While learning to navigate the politics of the camp, Valentino is also going to school and improving his English. Eventually, Valentino is chosen as one of the Lost Boys who will be given a chance at a life in the United States.
Now a grown man and full of optimism, Valentino flies to Atlanta to start his new life. Although he has the support of a generous and caring host family, Valentino faces a whole new set of obstacles, including discrimination, isolation, loneliness, racism, and the sense of defeat that comes with toiling day after day to still just barely get by. A deeply religious man, Valentino’s faith is shaken by the sheer amount of loss and misfortune he has endured. Despite this, he never loses his belief in the power of education and the good of humanity.
The story is compelling, but it’s also Valentino’s rare introspective voice that kept me from putting the book down. Through it all, he never loses his wry sense of humor and quick wit. Reading his story felt like growing up with him–seeing what he sees, his thoughts running through my head. I came to feel very close to Valentino; I wept and raised my fist to the sky with each new tragedy he suffered. It is a special soul who can cross this sea of violence, loss, and indifference to human life and come out on the other side with his faith in people intact.
This book is absolutely heartbreaking. It is also eye-opening and inspirational. It is a reminder to me the power of positivity and endurance. Reading Valentino’s story has helped me put my own life and struggles in perspective and keeps me from taking for granted some of the privileges afforded to me simply by being born where I was.
F.Y.I.: This book contains descriptions of graphic violence. | <urn:uuid:c1f20654-76ff-4bb9-a5e8-ed75849d3ea9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.derbylibrary.com/index.php/2021/03/31/tereses-thoughts-what-is-the-what/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.977313 | 797 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Building a CDC — Lessons learned — Part 1
In databases, change data capture (CDC) is a set of software design patterns used to determine and track changes in data so that action can be taken using the changed data.
In March 2020 I was given a mission: Build a system that will synchronize data between local databases to a centralized database. In the following 3 posts I will detail the lessons learned by myself and my colleagues during this journey until we reach production.
This post will focus on getting started and the data.
The second post will focus on the source database: Postgres or AWS Aurora RDS based on Postgres. Read more about the first steps I took building a CDC on the AWS Aurora here.
The third post will focus on development practices we’ve made to improve the performance and our ability to monitor and troubleshoot the system.
Learn from the predecessors
We started the journey by exploring our options.We realized very early that Debezium, unfortunately, doesn’t fit our mold, but that doesn’t mean we cannot learn from this wonderful project. We read its documentation, blog posts on the website, user experiences, and even looked at the code.
Once we chose to write the CDC in Go, we looked at projects such as https://github.com/chobostar/pg_listener.
We also read the documentation for the format, in case it is wal2json the readme proved to be extremely useful.
Check your alternatives, resources, and user experiences.
When we started out we wrote the CDC to use wal2json version 1, we didn’t think too much about it: version 1 was the default and everything seemed to work.
However, when we were testing the system on big databases we noticed that no data was sent by the CDC. But, the memory size of the process was growing slowly until the process died with an out of memory error or the connection to the database timed-out. We were in an endless loop because on every restart the CDC started from the same point.
The issue was that wal2json version 1 sends the entire transaction at once and we had huge transactions.
The largest I recorded was over 40K entities in one transaction!
The CDC receives the JSON and tries to unmarshal it into a Go struct, but unmarshalling the JSON takes a lot of time and memory due to its size, resulting in an out-of-memory crash or a timeout.
We solved this by moving to wal2json version 2, which streams every change as one message, regardless of the transaction.
Though this solved the CDC issue it posed a new problem, our AWS Aurora RDS Postgres did not support wal2json version 2 and we had to upgrade the entire fleet to a minor version that supports wal2json version 2. For plugin compatibility in AWS Aurora RDS Postgres see here.
Try your CDC on a database that behaves like production to see if you have issues with transactions, as early as possible.
Following the realization of the actual size of our transactions, we were wondering how much of these transactions are real changes and not some kind of a keep-alive mechanism we knew was active for some of our table entities.
To analyze the changed columns one needs to compare the old and new values for each column. However, Postgres by default only identifies the old record with the primary key.
But that could be changed, since Postgres 9, Postgres allows altering the replica identity for each table. This post is the best explanation I could find for it.
The default as I noted is identifying the old record by its primary key, this saves space on the replication slot thus is the desired configuration in most cases. However, for research purposes we used this feature to analyze tables with heavy update rate:
- Added an option to report the changed columns to the CDC
- Altered specific tables with high change rate to replica identity FULL, meaning getting the entire “old record”
Following the results of the analysis we realized we had a lot of keep-alive updates that we could throw away.
We considered staying with replica identity FULL, which would allow us to throw away these changes, however, at the time of writing this post (July 2021), we chose not to follow this route in order for us to keep the replication slot at minimal size.
Though we didn’t take action on the CDC side following the analysis, it did expose possible problems in the system which resulted in further R&D work, such as bug fixing.
- Analyze columns changed in heavy changing tables
- Explore different routes to resolve these issues
Thanks and credits
I would like to use this opportunity to thank my colleagues who have joined hands and minds with me to work on the CDC project and also reviewed this series of posts: Nir Barel and Yaron Edry. Without whom this project could not succeed. | <urn:uuid:6fb4395b-b9c6-4e07-8afa-23621fad22c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://medium.com/everything-full-stack/building-a-cdc-lessons-learned-part-1-520fd56a363d?source=post_internal_links---------2---------------------------- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.959159 | 1,038 | 2.046875 | 2 |
What Is the Purpose of a Demolition Contractor?
A demolition contractor is an individual who is been trained in tearing down old or unused buildings specially. This is not the dame thing as being a junk removal specialist in cedar park texas It will always be a risky job to demolish any old construction because those constructions are often weakened and may be divided at any moment if they’re not handled carefully. A demolition manager ought to know all of the necessary steps to demolish any kind of old and weakened building safely and legally.
A demolition contractor is hired to tear down a structurally unstable or unsafe building usually. A demolition manager needs several forms of specialist equipment and tools to execute their job properly, and an experienced demolition contractor can operate all those necessary equipments competently. A specialist demolition contractor usually possesses their very own tools and equipments and in addition manpower to execute their jobs.
A number of the heavy machinery a demolition manager must use range from sledge hammers, chainsaws, jackhammers, bulldozers, cranes and wrecking balls. Sometimes, they need to use explosives like C4 even. Therefore, anyone who’s seeking to hire a demolition contractor must make sure that they’re qualified and trained to a particular standard because they have to use sensitive items in the demolition process that may be dangerous if the item isn’t used properly. The services of the demolition manager must be professional to obtain the desired result.
If the prospective construction isn’t surrounded by other buildings and contains empty areas surrounding it, then it becomes an easier task for the demolition contractors to perform rather. On the contrary, if it’s surrounded by other buildings, then this is a difficult job for the demolition contractors to tear down their target building. In such a full case, they need to be extra careful on the task so the surrounding buildings don’t get harmed through the demolition process.
A specialist demolition manager should comprehend the complete demolition process properly plus they must complete their jobs within an efficient and competent manner. A skilled demolition contractor can suggest with their clients what the correct methods to have their buildings demolished in the quickest & most effective way possible. | <urn:uuid:0dac147a-f56e-48fd-b7f9-7dc1a023104f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mef-la.org/what-is-the-purpose-of-a-demolition-contractor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.944054 | 450 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Avoid Overtime BurnoutAre your overtime hogs burning out? Unionized hourly employees work an average 6.63 hours of overtime each week, according to a study by Cornell University. While many employees worked only a few extra hours, just over one-fifth — called “overtime hogs” by some co-workers — work at least 11 and sometimes more than 20 hours of OT. Many of the nearly 4,300 workers asked for the overtime and said they would like even more hours. The study cites “job insecurity and financial strain.” But there are hidden costs to large amounts of overtime, according to the study: Workers who put in more than 50 hours a week report a much greater incidence of “severe” work-family conflicts. And workers pressed into overtime by supervisors show significantly higher levels of stress.
Record Construction LevelsAddressing attendees of CMD Group’s Annual CEO Breakfast in Atlanta, economist Bill Toal predicted continued high volume in most construction market segments despite signs that a slowdown is beginning. He explained that with construction levels reaching new highs, even a slowing still indicates a high volume of activity.
“The Fed is paranoid of inflation and looks constantly at economic indicators,” Toal explains. These key indicators now reflect a slowing in economic activity and a slight increase in inflation. The producer price index is up, unemployment is the lowest it has been in 30 years at 4 percent, and we’ve got the labor situation. Short-term and long-term federal fund rates now are close together, yet another sign that the economy is slowing, says Toal, who forecasts an inflation rate of 3.5 percent for the near future.
Overall, Toal’s forecast for the remainder of the year is positive: “On an annual basis for this year, we see the economy growing at almost 5 percent. Even if there was no growth for the rest of the year, we would still be growing 3 percent over last year,” he says.
What could go wrong? A number of things. In year 10 of economic expansion — the longest in 200 years — there is no precedent to follow. Consumer spending may end. The household savings rate is 2.5 percent — the lowest it has been in 40 years. Consumer debt is at the highest level it has ever been. Toal also expressed concern about ballooning trade deficits and unrealistic price earnings ratios in the stock market. And a statistic relevant in this election year — of the 11 recessions in this country since 1930, nine began in the first year of a new presidential term.
On the positive side, the corporate debt equity ratio is the lowest it has been in 30 years, which bodes well for future commercial construction. Other markets won’t fare as well, according to Toal. “I see declines ahead in residential construction, particularly single-family,” he predicts.
For non-residential construction, steady activity is expected. While industrial and hotel segments will drop slightly, the education market will continue to be hot. The school age population is rising, and most schools were built before 1970. The office market also continues to be strong. Metropolitan vacancy rates were 25 percent in the late 1980s; they’re at 9 percent today.
Public construction has been increasing steadily since the early 1980s, and Toal cites a number of reasons for this: state and local government budgets are posting surpluses of nearly $50 billion, meaning that, among other building programs, municipalities can now participate in more federal fund matching projects.
Selling Mistakes to AvoidOftentimes, a person can’t see the forest through the trees, and needs a fresh perspective to get out of a rut. The national research bureau says to be alert to some of the mistakes commonly made by salespeople. These things can happen to the best; watch for them — isolated incidents are one thing but don’t let them become bad habits:
1. Focusing on products, services and presentations instead of focusing on customers and their needs.
2. Talking too much. By not listening enough, salespeople sell to the wrong customer objectives.
3. Not getting the necessary information. Selling is about getting information, not giving information.
4. Selling features and technologies instead of selling benefits and results.
5. Not establishing clear differences between their products and services and those of the competition.
Contractors’ NFL PredictionsWe surveyed roofing and insulation contractors from all 31 NFL cities to find out what they thought was going to transpire this season en route to Super Bowl XXXV. Following is how they see things ending up, along with consensus observations:
Jets — Expectations are high despite a very difficult schedule
Colts — Extremely dangerous team; should make the playoffs
Bills — Lots of changes, but most importantly, who’s the QB?
Patriots — Shallow depth in tough division means .500 again
Dolphins — Teams with quarterback controversies usually fail
Jaguars — Odds-on favorite to represent AFC in the big game
Titans — A better team than last year’s. But can luck hold out?
Ravens — If the off-season moves work, playoffs are possible
Steelers — Counting on an improved offense to stay in games
Browns — Five or six wins should keep the Dawg Pound happy
Bengals — Things could get even worse before they get better
Broncos — The defense is bolstered and Terrell Davis is back
Seahawks — Teams in temporary homes usually have trouble
Raiders — If kicking game and D improve, that means playoffs
Chiefs — Making it to postseason would be a reasonable goal
Chargers — Too many guys would have to have career years
Redskins — ’99 playoff team improved greatly in the offseason
Cowboys — New coach takes over aging, mediocre personnel
Giants — Vastly improved running game and speedy defense
Cardinals — QB Plummer needs to revert to 1998 performance
Eagles — Offense coming around, but the defense still a mess
Buccaneers — Improved O could mean Super Bowl home game
Vikings — Free agency hit Minnesota hard during the offseason
Packers — Brett Favre’s thumb will determine Green Bay’s fate
Bears — Defensive improvements might bring a wild card berth
Lions — They found a running back but still need a quarterback
Rams — The champs are real; element of surprise is long gone
Falcons — Jamal Anderson’s return and 4th place schedule help
Panthers — Coach Siefert’s team on the rise, wild-card worthy
49ers — The rebuilding begins in earnest, lots of kids will play
Saints — Many new names and faces but they’re still the ‘Aints
The consensus among contractors: Far and away, the popular expectation is that St. Louis will defend its Super Bowl crown against Jacksonville Jan. 28, 2001, in Tampa, Fla. The second most popular choice gets the vote of the “Portfolio” staff; a lot of contractors say they want to see a rematch of last year’s exciting (for once) tilt between the Rams and Titans.
Boost Your Aussie AcumenThe Summer Olympics begin this month in Australia. Impress friends and strangers alike with these factoids about the land down under:
- The country is roughly the same size as the continental United States (3 million square miles), and is the world’s only island continent.
- Like the U.S., Australia is a federation of states. It has six states (New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, West Australia and Tasmania) and two territories (Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory). There also is the Kingdom of Hut, a self-declared autonomous kingdom out west. This kingdom issues its own passports, money and stamps.
- Australia is one of only four nations (with Greece, Switzerland and Great Britain) to appear in every Olympic Games.
- The first pacemaker was invented and used there in 1926, and Australian scientists invented the first ultrasound in the 1950s.
- Koalas are not bears; they’re marsupials (meaning they have that pouch to carry their kiddies). Nearly half of Australia’s native animals are marsupials. Besides the koalas and the well-known kangaroo, other marsupials include bandicoots, wallabies, bilbies, numbats, possums, wombats and quokkas.
- There really are Tasmanian Devils — they perhaps are best described as badgers with amphetamine addictions. | <urn:uuid:f44fc551-47d7-47ab-bc0b-8c90127f0f28> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.roofingcontractor.com/articles/83579-september-portfolio | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.945083 | 1,827 | 1.914063 | 2 |
To hydrate your curls is one of the ongoing tasks you must include in your hair routine. Curly hair is a very delicate hair type and prompts to breakage if it’s not properly taken care of.
We know that sometimes a limited budget doesn’t allow you to freely invest in hair treatments or products to keep your curls healthy and hydrated, and, I mean, paying 50 bucks for hair treatment is not really necessary. That is why we would like to share with you these DIY treatments to keep them poppin’.
1. Coconut Milk and Honey
Coconut milk is a staple in any home, whether you use it to cook or to hydrate your body. Well, it can also be used to hydrate your curls. Coconut milk has so many benefits for natural hair: it contains high amounts of protein, which will restructure your hair shaft and strengthen your hair; due to its nutrients, it’s proven to condition and soften hair.
Honey, on the other hand, has antibacterial properties that can help with dry itchy scalp and dandruff. Honey also has emollients that make the hair look shiny and smooth.
To prepare this hair treatment and hydrate your curls, you just have to mix two tablespoons of your preferred honey with one cup of coconut milk and blend it well. Apply it to dry hair from the roots to the ends, cover with a plastic cap and sit under a hooded drier for 15 minutes or keep the plastic cap on for up to an hour. To remove it just proceed to apply shampoo and conditioner.
2. Avocado – Banana
As a naturally curly girl, you know by now that curly hair tends to dry a lot! This is because the sebum (the natural oil that our scalp produces) can’t travel fast enough all the way down to the strands because of the curls and coils. But do not worry, Mr. Avocado is here to help!
Avocado is a natural moisturizer due to its high contents of monounsaturated fats which will quench your curls thirst of moisture. Avocado also has Vitamin E which not only is an antioxidant that repairs damaged scalp but it will keep it healthy and therefore promote hair growth.
Bananas contain amino acids; these protect your mane from the environmental damage (sun, wind, cold) and even product damage making your hair healthy and shiny.
This recipe is very simple! Just mix half of a banana and half of an avocado (you can eat the rest!) in a blender, along with two tablespoons of yogurt until smooth. Rub this mixture into your hair and scalp, cover with a plastic cap and let it do its work for 30 minutes.
3. Egg Yolk and Olive Oil
These two precious ingredients are high in fat and will definitely hydrate your curls. Egg yolk is a hair superfood with lots of vitamins: A, E, Biotin, and folate, which have been linked by researchers to promote healthy hair and hair growth.
Who doesn’t love olive oil?! It’s perfect for and in everything from cooking a delicious pasta to preparing the best salad you’ve ever had. It’s such a beneficial oil that it can be used to hydrate your curls as well!
Olive oil apart from having monounsaturated fats it contains Vitamin E, these nutrients act as a natural conditioner giving you smooth and soft hair. It is believed that olive oil also keeps split ends at bay and locks in hydration by penetrating the hair shaft.
4. Mayonnaise – Coconut oil – Honey
After winter or a long day spent at the beach during your Caribbean holidays, hair can get extremely dry and this is dangerous as it can lead to severe hair damage.
Ingredients in the mayonnaise, like vinegar, eggs, and lemon, contain fatty acids and vitamins that will not only make your curls shine but will seal in the moisture, helping you to hydrate your curls.
In a container mix four tablespoons of mayonnaise, two tablespoons of coconut oil and a tablespoon of honey, blend it well and apply it to your hair. Cover with a plastic cap and let it be for 30 minutes. Voila!
These hair treatments will give your mane some good lovin’. Remember that to hydrate your curls you must also keep yourself hydrated by drinking enough water, exercising and eating healthy. It is a combination of different factors that will work on your benefit. What is your favorite DIY hair treatment? Tell us in the comments below!
Featured Image Source: https://www.instagram.com/p/BM-KHv_BRqa/
I'm a Dominican writer, currently living in the UK. Passioned about writing and photography, love getting to know new people and learning from different cultures. | <urn:uuid:b0dfb134-6c0b-4b15-a3ca-373f0ec7a111> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.society19.com/uk/dyi-treatments-to-hydrate-your-curls/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.953825 | 1,002 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Svenska ILA firar 100 år redan det här året, vilket vi avser att uppmärksammar i lite mindre skala under hösten i någon form. Här kan du läsa lite mer om vår historia: https://ilasweden.se/historia/ .
Vi återkommer med inbjudan till vårt årsmöte i september samt övriga evenemang under hösten.
Vi passar på att önska er en fortsatt trevlig sommar!
ILA firar 150 år nästa år, vilket firas med en stor jubileumskonferens som går av stapeln i Paris i juni 2023. Det blir även minst ett webinarium per månad under hela år 2023.
Redan nu kan ni gå in på evenemangets egen hemsida ilaparis2023.org/en/ och anmäla er till nyhetsbrevet samt ta del av konferensprogrammet och övrig jubileumsinformation. Anmäl er gärna för att visa Svenska ILAs medlemmars engagemang och stöd i en tid där internationell rätt och rättsstatens principer kräver vårt stöd.
Svenska ILA utlyste tidigare i år fyra stipendier för deltagande i den internationella ILA-konferensen i Lissabon den 19 – 24 juni 2022.
Mottagare av stipendium är:
Jur.stud. Nyet Zekarias.
Svenska ILA gratulerar stipendiaten.
As an Association committed to the international rule of law the International Law Association (ILA)
deplores the flagrant violation of international law by Russia in its military action in and against Ukraine, a sovereign state and member of the United Nations.
Further to the statement issued by the Executive Chair of the ILA on 25th February 2022, the Association affirms its commitment to the rules of international law relating to the use of force including the legal obligation upon all states to comply with the principles set out in the United Nations Charter, especially article 2 (4) relating to the prohibition of the use of force against the territorial integrity and political independence of any state without a mandate from the Security Council, or in lawful self-defence.
The actions of the Russian Federation manifestly do not come within the exceptions to the prohibition of the use of force and as such are in breach of these peremptory norms of international law from which no derogation is permissible. Nor can political arguments detract from legal obligation.
Apart from being responsible for an internationally wrongful act – the unlawful use of force – the Russian Federation must also comply with its obligations under international humanitarian law and international human rights law. Failure to do so may constitute international crimes for which there is individual criminal responsibility as well as state responsibility under the Geneva Conventions, the laws and customs of war and human rights treaties. The Association welcomes the decision of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court to investigate the possible commission of war crimes and crimes against humanity.
It is evident that compliance with the law will not of itself safeguard international peace and security. Without it, however, not only is the stability of the international order threatened but so too are the lives and security of millions of civilians. The ILA joins with others for calling for an end to the use of force in Ukraine, for a peaceful settlement with meaningful participation by civil society, and for immediate humanitarian and other assistance to those displaced, injured and otherwise harmed, as well as long term justice.
International Law Association (ILA)
3 March 2022
As Executive Chair of the International Law Association, a body dedicated for nearly 150 years to the advancement of peace and justice through international law, it is appropriate at this moment to affirm the Association’s commitment to the rules of international law. These include the legal obligation upon all states to comply with the principles set out in the United Nations Charter, especially article 2 (4) relating to the prohibition of the use of force against the territorial integrity and political independence of any state without a mandate from the Security Council, or in lawful self-defence.
In Resolution 4/2018 the ILA endorsed the conclusion of its Committee on the Use of Force that ‘The UN Charter goal of collective peace and security depends upon strict adherence to the international law on the use of force.’ I also emphasise article 2 (3) of the Charter requiring the settlement of disputes through peaceful means, obligations under international humanitarian law and fundamental human rights. These principles constitute peremptory norms of international law from which no derogation is permissible and which underpin the international rule of law.
The importance of all these principles is especially relevant in the current time.
Professor Christine Chinkin CMG FBA
Executive Chair – International Law Association (ILA)
25th February 2022 | <urn:uuid:09efb2f5-b380-488d-bc29-9a6fa618554c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ilasweden.se/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.717608 | 1,130 | 1.546875 | 2 |
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is continuously evolving by the minute – a situation which requires us to constantly keep ourselves up to date on the latest health bulletins, government programs and policy changes. Due to the outbreak, the federal government has set out a number of restrictions and provided recommendations to help citizens deal with this ever-changing situation.
Please find below a summary of federal and provincial government programs meant to support Canadians through these trying times. We will update this as more information comes in.
1. Support for individuals and families
Increased Canada Child Benefit (CCB) – Extra $300 per child through the Canada Child Benefit (CCB) for 2019-20. This means approximately $550 additional income more per family on average. This will be delivered as part of your scheduled CCB payment in May 2020.
NOTE: Those who have already received their CCB payments before do not need to re-apply.
Special Goods and Services Tax credit payment – One-time special payment starting April 9 through the Goods and Services Tax credit for low- and modest-income families. Average additional benefit will be close to $400 per single individual and $600 for couples.
NOTE: No need to apply for this benefit. If you are eligible, you will get it automatically.
Extended due date for filing income tax returns – The filing due date for the 2019 tax returns of individuals is deferred until June 1, 2020. All new income tax balances due, or installments can also be deferred until August 31, 2020 without incurring interest or penalties.
NOTE: if you expect to receive benefits through the GST credit or the CCB, we encourage you to not delay your 2019 return filing to ensure that your entitlements are properly determined.
Mortgage support – Canadian banks have committed to work with their customers on a case-by-case basis to find solutions to help them manage hardships caused by COVID-19. Contact your bank for more information.
2. Support for people facing unemployment
The New Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB) – The government will provide a taxable benefit of $2,000 a month for up to 4 months to eligible workers who have lost their income due to COVID-19. The CERB will be accessible only in early April.
Apply for Employment Insurance (EI) – If you’ve lost your job and qualify for EI benefits, you can submit your request online here: https://www.canada.ca/en/services/benefits/ei/ei-regular-benefit/apply.html
3. Support for people who are sick, quarantined, or in directed self-isolation
CERB – Same as in point #2, eligible workers will receive $2,000 a month for up to 4 months.
Improved access to EI benefits – If you are sick, quarantined or have been directed to self-isolate, the government will waive the requirement to provide a medical certificate to access EI sickness benefits.
4. Support for people who need it the most
Indigenous Community Support Fund – The federal government is providing $305 million for a new distinctions-based Indigenous Community Support Fund to address immediate needs in First Nations, Inuit, and Metis Nation communities.
Enhanced Reaching Home Initiative – People who face homelessness during the COVID-19 outbreak will benefit from $175.5 million in funds coursed through the Reaching Home Initiative.
Support for women’s shelters and sexual assault centres – Up to $50 million additional funding for women’s shelters and sexual assault centres to boost capacity to manage or prevent outbreak in their facilities.
Support for seniors - Reduced required minimum withdrawals from RRIFs by 25 per cent for 2020. In addition, the federal government is contributing $9 million through the Untied Way Canada for local organizations to support practical services to Canadian seniors.
5. Support for youth, students
Moratorium on student loans – Effective March 30, a six-month interest-free moratorium on student loans is in place for all borrowers.
Mental health support – Additional $7.5 million in funding to Kids Help Phone to provide mental health support for the youth during this difficult time.
We would also like to inform you that there is help coming from the provincial government of British Columbia meant to assist you financially so you can continue to pay your bills and buy your basic needs. Some of these benefits include:
Halted new and active evictions, except for exceptional circumstances.
New temporary rental supplement of up to $500 per month.
Freeze on annual rent increase.
Applications for the rental subsidy start in mid-April.
For more information on other benefits provided by the British Columbia provincial government, you can visit: https://www.bchousing.org/COVID-19
We hope this summary of government benefits gives you comfort in knowing that our team is here to help out as much as we possibly can. Caring for community is one of the values we hold dearest, and we have every intention to stay true to this commitment especially during these trying times. | <urn:uuid:4d72bc2d-b798-4385-9834-e1365809360c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.soldinvan.com/blog/50266/covid-19-government-of-canada-program-summary-for-bc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.947092 | 1,055 | 1.578125 | 2 |
If we could all jump into the picture above I don’t think this article would be relevant, unfortunately this eatery only seats 10…
I just read a sad fact about the UK and am sure this is reflected more and more throughout the world. In the last three years the use of anti-depressants has risen almost a third. Times are tough at the moment, and while these pills are helpful for severe depression the current onus on drugs as the first resort is totally wrong. Here are a few things you can do to stave off the January blues without taking pills OR spending money:
1. Let your loved ones know how much they mean to you, the resulting feelings of goodwill will send your serotonin levels soaring.
2. Crowbar yourself out of your comfort zone and try doing something really challenging, or even something you find quite daunting. The feeling of achievement elevates not just your mood, but your sense of self worth.
3. Wrap up warm and get out into nature, even if that’s just a local park. Get the sun on your face for at least half an hour.
4. Make friends with your neighbours – this might be one of your ‘out of comfort zone’ resolutions – feeling part of a community is proven to make people feel more content, plus you might make some new friends which is always useful especially if you get locked out!
5. Try doing a random act of kindness every day, it doesn’t have to be big or complicated, I like complimenting random old ladies on their hair
For some more lovely tips throughout the year put the blog Feeling Good Today on your reading list. | <urn:uuid:e1650bf8-8d06-4274-8d07-dc2887aec07b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cultbeauty.com/blog/2012/01/new-years-resolutions-to-keep-you-happy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.949219 | 342 | 1.695313 | 2 |
When you get right down to it, all of us have had negative things happen in our lives. We have all been deceived at one time or another. We have all been taken advantage of in some capacity whether it be by the people who we love and trust or even outsiders like our bosses or other people with whom we interact. It is not necessarily an uncommon part of our human existence. And none of us liked it, even remotely. Yet for all we may have experienced, suffered through or endured, it still does not determine who we are nor define our future lives. Whatever may have happened, holds no power over us nor does it have the ability to impact the days ahead, that is unless we allow it. In this, we are not victims. You are not a victim!
In order for the victim mentality to begin directing our steps, we have to falsely assume that we are powerless to effect change in our situation. And, while someone may be physically stronger than we are; may hold a position of influence and authority over us; may be well skilled in manipulation and using our emotions against us, that still does not make us a victim in the scenario or force us to continue being victimized and minimized. Each of us has value and worth and none of us has less value and worth than anyone else. Your feelings matter as much as the other person’s feelings matter. Your right to be treated with dignity and respect is equal to the other person’s right to be treated with dignity and respect. To be a victim, you have to conclude that your life holds a lesser position than the oppressor. High ranking people with titles and great authority, while potentially having more influence over others lives than you do, still are not above you in the human sense. Rankings and societal strata come via people, not from God. You are not a victim unless you have decided thus. And even if a circumstance victimized you, you do not have to remain a victim.
The way that you can tell if you are playing the victim is by the things you say and don’t do. Constantly complaining about your boss at work, while doing nothing to remedy the situation, is playing the victim. If you think about it, all complaining about situations is really an acknowledgment or agreement on your part that there is nothing you can do to make a change. Yet, there is always something you can do. Instead of complaining to everyone else, complain to the source instead. If you find yourself in a situation that pains you, frustrates you, chews you up inside, and that situation persists, you owe it to yourself to make a change. Maybe you are making a lot of money and fear you won’t have the same opportunity elsewhere. Not only is that not true (as evidenced by your ability to do it in the first place), but it also serves to lower your value as a person. No amount of money or comforts or power is worth the compromise of your own soul. Your life is more than that. Your value is higher than that. The victim mentality runs rampant today. It runs unchecked because people have learned to blame everyone and everything rather than take ownership of their own lives. Maybe you were not properly nurtured as a child. Well, you are an adult now and can get your needs met elsewhere. Whatever your oppression, whatever cruelty you faced, whatever horrendous thing that may have halted you in life, does not need to subject you any further. Negative situations seem to last just about as long as we allow them to last. When we are done, they are done. The circumstances change as we finally decide our value exceeds the misery of the situation and take the first steps to engender change. .
In life, we are always accountable for our own lives. It may be a hard pill to swallow, but it is true. Now that does not mean that our circumstances are always positive or that we are not challenged, tried and tested. Nor does it mean that we are the source of all that happens to us. There are literally a million variables involved. But, in the end, it is our life and we are responsible to do our best to overcome and to prevail. It’s not the amount of challenges we face or the opposition. It is what we are willing to accept for our lives and in that which we have determined within worth persisting. If you value yourself highly, your tolerance for mistreatment is very low. If you value yourself as lowly, your tolerance for mistreatment and abuse will be too high. The circumstances of your past, the terrible humans you encountered, those in authority that failed to protect you do not determine your self worth, you do. All those things had in common was the collective ability to convince you of something that was never true. No person arrives at low self esteem on their own.
You are not a victim! There is always something you can do, the greatest of which is to get God involved. Those same wicked despots working behind the scenes to torture you and defeat you will persist absent a greater power, a greater source from which you can gain support. God never made a victim, nor was it ever His will that anyone should be one. People become victims when they are overpowered by forces unseen and virtually unknown. People become victims by not having a clear understanding of the truth. (God said My people are destroyed from a lack of knowledge.) Once you get God involved, you find that the evil things that have been governing your life quickly fade away by God’s love, presence and power. At last you can see your tormentor clearly and as such make the required changes that lead to freedom. But before any of that can take place, you have to take full ownership of your own life, both the good and the bad. You must become willing to put away the blame and the complaining and learn instead to take the necessary steps to turn situations around. You can do it my friend. You must do it. You are not a victim!
Just some good thoughts… | <urn:uuid:1ecbed19-4ee1-414c-b8dc-18739cf1dd12> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://justsomegoodthoughts.com/tag/overpowered/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.97397 | 1,230 | 1.6875 | 2 |
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Stakeholders from the public and private sector including human resource practitioners held discussions with the Minister for Employment, Parveen Bala, on the skills gap in Fiji’s labour market.
Bala highlighted that the purpose of the consultation was to hear the views of key stakeholders on the prevalent issues surrounding skills labour shortages in Fiji, and at the same time ensure a win-win outcome for both employers and workers.
This consultation resulted from the increase in the number of deployment of Fijian workers for overseas employment under the Pacific Australia Labour Mobility currently facilitated by the National Employment Centre of the Employment Ministry.
The Ministry has received constructive feedback from key stakeholders with a keen focus on skilled labour shortages, skills mismatch, enhancing the apprenticeship scheme, strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training short courses, strategizing the education system, and looking at the sustainability of the economy.
Bala acknowledged the feedback and measures raised by the key stakeholders adding that the Ministry of Employment is committed to working towards a way forward with the key stakeholders in addressing the current skills gap for a better Fiji and a sustainable economy.
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History 28/12/19 For what the red army did not love the military gravediggers
As you know, in war, anything can happen. Being in a constant state of stress for a long time, people unavoidably become superstitious. The fear of death or severe wounds poisons the soldiers and officers of primal terror. And the men begin to rely on the help of amulets and talismans, believe in various omens. They are grasping for any irrational the opportunity to deceive the notorious lady with the scythe.
In the team of gravediggers
during the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940 the leadership of the red Army, it became clear – in military units, create special funeral because the dead were so many that comrades do not have time to give them the land properly. Order No. 138 of the people’s Commissar of defense S. K. Timoshenko on 15 March 1941, approved the “Regulation on the personal account of loss and burial of deceased personnel of the red army in time of war.” A well-known author-soldier Vladimir Osipovich Bogomolov wrote a documentary novel “Life washing, or you dreamed of me”, where he spoke as being one of the men of the 71st army in 1943, long served military gravedigger.
“the Soldiers from the funeral team, or as locals call them, “Pogrebinsky”, all with some grim-faced, taciturn, dressed like in the kitchen, in aprons, rubber gloves and boots, without masks, walk, crawl, turn over body of Dead… put two on the Cape, dragging to the edge and dump a tray cart, as logs, top cover with a tarp and driven to the cemetery for burial…” – such a sad picture was described by V. O. Bogomolov.
the Author noted that the work of gravediggers in the military leadership had a lot of complaints, often justified. On the battlefield regularly remained buried hundreds of corpses; the dead were buried as necessary: in the trenchesx, craters from exploding shells; the grave inscriptions were not provided; information about the victims is lost; and military awards soldiers disappeared without a trace, although it was supposed to be passed to relatives. The main reason of all these violations – a huge number of deaths, the funeral team just could not cope with its task. By the way, the gravediggers of many superstitious soldiers tried to ignore, not to become their “clients” after the battle.
Passport to the light
the Writer Konstantin Somov, in his book “War: Express life. 1941-1945” told about the funeral home will accept that existed among the soldiers of the red army. We are talking about the so-called “passport of death” which every soldier and officer had to carry. They indicated personal data of the person that is required after his death to make a positive identification and notification of relatives.
“I Must say that the first personal identification medallion appeared in the Russian army nearly a quarter of a century before the great Patriotic war – January 16, 1917… sign Neck was an amulet with inside blank size with a tram ticket,” wrote K. K. Somov.
In the red army that ominous thing called “soldier’s medallion”. It has varied over time. To replace the amulet first came a kind of pencil case that could be made of metal or wood, then plastic or hard rubber case, and sometimes used the empty rifle casing. Inside on a small paper the paper should contain information about the serviceman and his family.
But, despite the requirements of the Statute and the orders of commanders, the soldiers thought a very bad omen to carry a “passport of death”. This little thing was unnerving people, reminding about the likely imminent demise. So many fighters just throw away their medallions.
In the book “War: Express life. 1941-1945” contains the memoirs of a veteran of the great Patriotic Mansur Histologica Abdulina, served as a mortar man. He wrote: “Remember, on the way to the front… we were issued plastic patronchiki with a lid on the thread. Inside the ribbon, which I had to personally fill in his personal data, screw the tube tightly, so it did not get damp, and put in the pocket. “Passport of death” – so dubbed this tube between them. I do not know how anyone, but I have the passport threw away quietly, so no one saw, and in its place put in the pants your mascot.”
So did almost all the soldiers. Many enthusiasts of the search teams told K. K. Somov that they rarely find among the remains of the fallen soldiers a soldier’s medallions. But if there is, it is either empty or a blank questionnaire. Some people were hoping that if the “passport of death” net, the lady with the scythe will not be able to find them on the battlefield.
a Soldier’s superstition
a Specialist in military history Elena Senyavskaya Spartakovna considers a soldier’s superstition special form of domestic religiosity. Raised in atheistic Soviet society, people caught in stressful conditions, often bumped into mysticism. This researcher wrote in his book “the Psychology of war in the twentieth century. The historical experience of Russia.” For example, according to the military, immediately before the military operation, under the ban came from several actions:
wash, haircut and shave, as if to prepare to the light;
to wear clothing suitable for a funeral;
to give personal things to colleagues, as if they were you wouldn’t be needing.
write a letter to a native, resembling a farewell.
to be photographed to leave a long memory.
talking about the impending death and possible victims;
panic or swear.
in addition, the belongings of the deceased that he personally could give before his death, to carry it was considered bad luck. The soldiers feared that this “pull” to the light and a new owner after the previous one. Afghan soldiers and Soviet citizens, CLozhivshie other hot spots, adhered to all these superstitions, as soldiers of the great Patriotic war.
If the soldiers of the First world war and the ensuing Civil war was at heart the leaves with a special prayer-amulets, their sons in 1941-1945 believed that a bullet from the heart is able to take a photo of your girlfriend or a poem by Konstantin Simonov “Wait for me”, personally rewritten. This insightful literary work fighters of the great Patriotic attributed to a truly mystical effect. Many participants of the Afghan war, was hoping to save them from destruction may pictures of children and relatives.
part of the military culture
the Candidate of pedagogical Sciences Sergey Eduardovich Zverev is the author of the scientific article “Superstitions as a component of a military subculture,” which was published in the journal “Vestnik of Saint Petersburg state Institute of culture” (No 2 (19) for 2014). In it, the researcher noted that in war every man there is a deep soul-searching and religious people are facing a terrifying fact: sin is not punishable. Therefore, the change of the rational perception of reality come the mystical conclusions. S.E. Zverev suggested that this classification soldier’s superstitions:
faith in omens;
faith in destiny, in an unhappy date in the conspiracy of death;
animation of military equipment and weapons;
the belief in charms and amulets.
“the widespread military superstition is the stubborn commitment to military uniforms and equipment, visited with the fighter in a number of dangerous covers, of which managed to successfully get out,” wrote S.E. Zverev.
the Soldiers hoped that the “happy” machine, or Hiking with binoculars or a flask, or any other object will help to avoid death or injury and in the subsequent battles on the principle of analogy. Not accident aircraft, helicopters, tanks and artillery guns, Soviet soldiers were often given the names of their mothers or sweethearts. This technical animationkey gave the fighters confidence.
as a military mascot could be any subject: the first cartridge fountain pen, button, mouthpiece, etc. Sometimes these things were connected with the peaceful pre-war life, his profession or hobby. About the amulets didn’t tell anyone, because they were considered to lose their magical powers. For the superstitious soldier, the loss of the talisman meant a quick death, and his breakdown is a wound so severe, how badly were damaged amulet.
In the article “Superstition as a component of the military subculture” given the remarkable history that commemorate the great Patriotic war veteran George A. Kalinyak, who served in the 63rd guards rifle division. One of his comrades – a middle-aged grunt A. M. Zagorulko – the war carried a heavy iron working on charcoal. And this despite the military gear and uniforms that weighed too much.
Apparently, iron soldier was something more than useless in war thing. He had magic to ensure the return to civilian life, to his wife that they will iron things.
© Russian Seven
see also: editor’s choice, “Russian Seven”wanted to do General Vlasov when surrendered in Planta Stalin did with his teenage lover dechirico not relatives of the deceased on pohoronok to understand that the body protein deficiency Recommended article to Share: Comments Comments on the article “why red is not loved military gravediggers” Please log in to leave a comment! br>
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Recent letters and articles have promoted more oil development over and through the Santa Maria groundwater basin. Who will profit and who will be hurt by these new high pressure intrusions through our diminishing drinking water aquifers? AERA and ERG, two oil companies, have recently been flooding the media with promises of good jobs, community progress, and prosperity for us all if Santa Barbara County will approve their plans to dramatically increase high pressure oil and gas drilling upstream from Santa Maria.
Oil company proposals and environmental impact statements to the county are riddled with false, incomplete, and rosy assumptions to justify new, dangerous drilling activity that will severely injure our health and environment long after they have grabbed their oil profits and left town. Our land and water will be further poisoned and squandered. These new projects will provide few new jobs in the energy industry and are dwarfed by the hundreds of new good paying jobs created by clean and safe solar and wind energy development in our area in recent years.
Our water supply is threatened by drought and overuse. Our climate is threatened by increasing production and burning of fossil fuels. It is time to conserve our resources and consume responsibly. It is time to live within our means and produce and use our own energy. No more oil leaks and spills. No more natural gas explosions in our homes and businesses. No more oil-soaked pelicans and seals.
Please tell your County Board of Supervisors to stop this new onslaught of extreme oil development. Monterey County, San Luis Obispo County, and Ventura County have taken action to stop dangerous oil extraction and encourage safe energy development. Santa Barbara County can do the same. | <urn:uuid:c44af75a-3487-41b1-ae27-e5223d4a15d4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.independent.com/2018/08/30/oil-profits-and-public-good/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.947811 | 333 | 1.8125 | 2 |
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Claire is a speech and language therapist. She has recently taken up a newly created post to work in mainstream education. She covers a wide geographical area and could not possibly treat all children on an individual basis. Claire’s belief is that all children can benefit from language activities and that this practice should be integrated into the daily routine of infant classrooms.
However, in one school with two P1 classes the reception she gets is very different. Before her visit she lets the classroom assistant know what resources/arrangements will be required for her session and when she arrives in classroom 1 everybody is enthusiastically waiting for her. In classroom 2 she is usually greeted by the teacher saying, “Thank goodness, you’re here. I’ve a million things to do now I’ve got peace”. She then proceeds to do her marking or other tasks while Claire takes her class for language activities.
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The National Institutes of Health has awarded a total of $30 million in funding grants to six research teams to support the development of an HIV cure.
NIH said Wednesday the grant recipients will investigate HIV treatment strategies including immunotherapy, therapeutic vaccines and gene modification as the second batch of awardees under the Martin Delaney Collaboratory program.
“The two greatest challenges remaining in HIV/AIDS research are finding a cure and developing a safe and effective preventive vaccine,” said Anthony Fauci, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases director.
“A simple, safe and scalable cure for HIV would accelerate progress toward ending the HIV/AIDS pandemic,” he added.
NIH awarded grants for thest research projects:
- Bench to Bed Enhanced Lymphoctye Infusions to Engineer Viral Eradication at George Washington University
- Delaney AIDS Research Enterprise to Cure HIV at the University of California
- defeatHIV: Cell and Gene Therapy for HIV Cure at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
- BEAT-HIV: Delaney Collaboratory to Cure HIV-1 Infection by Combination Immunotherapy at the Wistar Institute
- Combined Immunologic Approaches to Cure HIV-1 at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
- Collaboratory of AIDS Researchers for Eradication at the University of North Carolina
Awardees will carry out research work in various laboratories across five continents including Africa, NIH noted.
NIAID established the Martin Delaney Collaboratory program in 2010 to support international HIV cure research efforts and foster collaborations related to HIV treatment. | <urn:uuid:0d87254d-288c-4dd4-a697-4e6ec0bd1765> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://executivegov.com/2016/07/nih-picks-six-teams-for-hiv-cure-research-grants-anthony-fauci-comments/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.894808 | 327 | 2.546875 | 3 |
The EC wants to move away from production-related subsidies to farmer subsidies based more on environmental stewardship. However, resistance is coming from elected members in a number of Member States (MS) who fear reform proposals on 'greening' are going too far. They say farming must be protected amid the economic crisis and concerns about food security.
The delays to CAP reform emerged at a Westminster Food and Nutrition Forum conference in London last month. Several speakers were worried that cuts to the EU's budget would inevitably impact on CAP expenditure. CAP spending is around 55bn, which is about 41% of the total EU budget.
Gwilym Jones, who works for EC agriculture commissioner Dacian Ciolo, expressed concern for the EU's ability to deliver its ambitions on the environment if budget cuts at the suggested levels were driven through. His views were echoed by deputy minister for agriculture in Wales, Alun Davies. Environmental pressure groups also fear measures to make EU farming greener will suffer if big cuts are made.
Tim Farron MP, chairman of the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Hill Farming and chair of the event, said: "If we are too harsh, we put our farming industry in a position where there is nobody to deliver the environmental goods."
Prime Minister David Cameron has been arguing for cuts to the EU budget, but MS such as France, Germany, Greece, Latvia and Lithuania, which benefit favourably from CAP payments to their farmers are resisting. Even in Britain, the National Farmers Union fears its members could lose out if farmers' transitional payments are hit.
Julie Girling MEP, Conservative spokeswoman on Agriculture and Rural Affairs, rebutted EC accusations that the European Parliament (EP), in which the reform proposals are being debated, was dragging its feet. Girling stressed that any changes required "co-decision" by the EC and EP. She said MEPs were not prepared to rubber stamp reforms that would damage their farmers.
While the EC had hoped to have the reforms in place by January 2014, this was unlikely because of the failure to agree budget cuts.
Martin Nesbit, director for EU and international affairs at the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, even doubted that agreement would be reached by 2015.
"The blunt instrument proposals on greening are the problem," said Girling. "I am not anti-environment, but you need flexibility to adapt to the needs of different areas." NFU president Peter Kendall added: "So much of the debate [about CAP reform] has been overshadowed by the greening." Kendall called for efficient farming production to be rewarded through CAP. | <urn:uuid:fc6f4546-dffa-4eb0-b210-180fe8fca5c4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.foodmanufacture.co.uk/Article/2013/01/02/Budget-row-stalls-EU-farming-reforms | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.976359 | 533 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Yes, an eCheck will still work without MICR ink. Even though the codeline is printed in regular printer toner, your bank is still able to capture an image of the check and send it to the automated clearing house to request funds from the issuing account.
Are you sure eChecks will be cashed?
Last year, we had over 12 billion dollars and a 99.9% acceptance rate in eCheck transactions go through banks all across the country.
Will I be able to deposit these checks without MICR ink?
Even before eChecks, checks were being deposited without proof of a MICR codeline.
If you'd like a comprehensive view on the legalities, visit our Security & Legal section. In the meantime, we'll answer as simply as we can. Many banks use remote deposit capture (RDC) technology allowed by Check 21 regulations. This is allows you to deposit a check with your bank using your smartphone by taking a picture of it. The bank uses the image of that check to receive funds from the senders' bank. When taking a picture, there's certainly no way to tell if the check was printed with magnetic ink. Before eChecks, most banks were accepting checks for deposit without any proof of a MICR codeline.
Additionally, many banks now eliminate a lot of work by using optical character recognition (OCR) instead of bothering to scan the magnetic ink (MICR). With the rise of check imaging, having magnetic ink printed in the codeline of a check is no longer a requirement. | <urn:uuid:9ba6b059-5d8a-47ac-bdf9-b1dcca08570e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://echecks.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/220978847-Will-this-eCheck-work-without-magnetic-ink-aka-MICR-ink- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.95718 | 318 | 1.789063 | 2 |
MSMEs in India play a key function within the financial growth and employment development of the nation. MSMEs contribute over 37.5% to India’s GDP (Gross Home Product) and therefore the success of those enterprises is important to sustaining the expansion charge. The Indian economic system being the seventh largest on the earth, it’s crucial to offer healthcare services to this workforce as there are over 63 million MSMEs which have employed over 111 million Indians. Contemplating the expansion of trade and big industrialization, negligence, or little compromise on the well being of this workforce may cause nice misery.
Thousands and thousands of business accidents that happen resulting in lack of human life, typically additionally inflicting momentary and everlasting disablement. A excessive variety of MSME staff are additionally succumbing to loss of life attributable to persistent illnesses and psychological illnesses.
As per a 2021 Finance Fee Report, over 70% of well being bills are made out of pocket by the sufferers. Whereas providing group well being cowl, you as an employer can even provide preventive care to avoid wasting future prices. Preventative healthcare additionally gives different advantages together with enchancment in general productiveness, psychological and bodily wellness, and so forth. Learn on to know all about providing preventive healthcare to MSME staff.
What’s preventative care?
Preventative care helps in stopping severe illnesses and medical issues earlier than they trigger any key points sooner or later. Just a few examples of preventive healthcare embody annual well being checkups, checks and screenings, vaccination, medical counselling, and so forth. This will also be included in routine care for workers.
Preventative healthcare parts
To make sure full healthcare for MSME staff, it is very important guarantee they’re bodily and mentally match.
Preventative healthcare could be divided into two classes:
Any medical situation can power your worker to avoid work. Therefore, providing routine well being checkup services and vaccinations will help in prevention of the illnesses.
Anxiousness, stress, and melancholy are important contributors to poor well being. A careworn worker can discover it troublesome to work their greatest and therefore providing entry to eating regimen consultations, counselling, organizing health actions will help them observe a wholesome life-style.
Advantages of providing preventative healthcare to MSME staff
As an employer, listed here are a couple of methods by which you’ll profit by providing preventative healthcare services to staff
Witness low absenteeism: Wholesome and match staff seldom miss work. A excessive variety of absentees can result in decrease work productiveness, with a excessive presence of staff, you may witness extra earnings.
Diminished presenteeism: Presenteeism is the follow of being bodily current at work, however not having the ability to carry out properly attributable to poor well being circumstances. Therefore, to assist gifted staff proceed working with you for longer durations, providing preventative care assist.
Elevated loyalty: Staff who’re taken protected care of turn out to be loyal members of the workforce; it will possibly profit your popularity and improve goodwill. Having goodwill amongst the staff will assist in attracting expertise to the group, carry extra stability and assist in retaining current staff.
Enhancing the well being of the MSME workforce will help in unlocking their true potential and enhancing their life-style, which can in flip assist in giving the sector a lift. | <urn:uuid:58fc6984-8cce-4fb4-9f94-e95db4713108> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://health.digitpatrox.com/conscious-msme-employees-preventative-healthcare/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.935742 | 709 | 2.109375 | 2 |
The Nürnberg Police Company, about 130 men strong, was put together in the summer of 1941 and consisted of policemen and reservists from Nuremberg, Fürth and the surrounding region. After basic training in Nuremberg, the company under the command of Captain Josef E. was sent by train to Brest-Litowsk in German-occupied Belarus. The city had about 54,000 inhabitants, mainly Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles and a considerable number of Jews. Initial massacres among the latter had already taken place in July 1941, when members of Police Battalion 307 had killed several thousand people. Brest-Litovsk belonged to the Reichskommissariat Ukraine, which included the former Polish district of Volhynia, parts of Belarus and Central Ukraine up to the Dniepr area. The Reichskommissariat consisted of the general districts Volhynia, Zhitomir, Kiev, Dniepropetrovsk, Nikolaiev and Crimea. The central administration was located in the city of Rovno. (Tobias, Verbrechen, pp. 12-13.)
The Franconian policemen were subordinated to the SS and Police Commander of Volhynia, Waldemar Wappenhans. Their task consisted in guarding objects and the so-called fight against partisans or bandits. In their operations the Nuremberg policemen were supported by local volunteers organized in »Schutzmannschaften« (Schumas) In the Reichskommissariat Ukraine these units were about 100,000 men strong in the autumn of 1942, comprising 87 % of all police forces in the region. (Tobias, Verbrechen, pp. 13-14.)
The Nürnberg Police Company was deployed against partisans either as a whole unit or platoon-wise together with other units. For this task the Commander of Order Police Ukraine had created a special operation staff, with the help of which he could directly intervene in the so-called fight against bandits. On several occasions he issued orders to available SS or police units, without involving the intermediate commands such as the SS and Police Commander for Volhynia or the regional commander of the Order Police. On the other hand the local commander of Security Police and Security Service (BdS) or commands subordinated to him also employed the immediately available police units on site. The command chain under which the Nürnberg Police Company operated probably varied according to necessity and situation.
When interrogated by criminal justice authorities of the German Federal Republic, former members of the company provided some fragmentary information about the unit’s operations. Karl K., for instance, claimed that when the company had searched villages for partisans they had always come too late, and that he had never been present when during such operations partisans were shot, though he had heard about this happening. He also claimed to have never been detached to carry out any executions or participate in shootings of Jews, though he admitted to having heard about men from the company carrying out executions – of delinquents sentenced by a tribunal or of hostages. Ernst W., on the other hand, stated that during operations carried out by his company Jews had been shot all the time. As example he mentioned an operation near Mokrany, in which about 20 persons had been collected on a village square, made to strip naked and then shot outside the village. Details about the shooting he couldn’t provide, however, because he had not been one of the shooters. Oberwachtmeister Karl Sch. admitted to having been present once when a village had been destroyed and 35 persons killed. He had not shot himself, but only noted the number of corpses. Whether this had been the operation against the village Kortelisy he no longer remembered. Only a few of the policemen admitted to having later heard about the destruction of Kortelisy. Johannes K. remembered that at the place Kortilissi near Mokrany several persons, supposed to be partisans and Jews, had been shot. He could provide no details, however. Wilhelm F., Johann M., Karl T. and Georg E. stated that they had learned about the company having destroyed Kortelisy while they were absent. (Tobias, Verbrechen, pp. 14-15.)
In Kortelisy, on the other hand, the recollections of the crimes committed by the Germans were still deeply rooted in collective memory at the time of Tobias’ publications. In 1941 unknown German units had taken away the about 40 Jewish families living in the town to the Ramow ghetto, where they were murdered. Several months later the occupiers came again, gathered all inhabitants on the market square and threatened that they would shoot them all if they continued to support the partisans. As a deterrent two families were executed. On 23 September 1942 the Germans appeared for the third time. The village was sealed off and its inhabitants collected on the market square.
On the previous day the Nürnberg Police Company had received the order to take part, together with the 3rd. Battalion of the 15th. Police Regiment, in the destruction of "bandit-infested villages" in the Ratnov area. While the battalion was to wipe out the villages Borki, Zablocie and Borysovka northeast of Mokrany, the Nürnberg Police Company received the order to destroy Kortelisy, for which it received assistance from a detachment of Ukrainian auxiliary policemen stationed in the nearby city of Ratnov.
In the early morning hours of 23 September 1942 the murderers got on their way. According to the order the villages were to be surrounded by 4:35 hours, and the operation was to begin at 5:30 hours. As duly recorded in the 3rd. Battalion’s war diary, the policemen, in fulfillment of orders received, shot 169 men, women and children in Borysovka, 705 in Borki and 289 in Zablocie. The Kortelisy massacre by the Nürnberg Police Company was not mentioned in the battalion’s war diary, as the company had been subordinated to the battalion only for this operation. Nevertheless the Nuremberg Public Prosecutor’s Office correctly assumed that "the town Kortelisy and its inhabitants suffered the same fate as the other three villages and their population" (Order of the Nuremberg Public Prosecutor’s Office dd. 6 April 1972, ZSt. II204 ARZ 38/70, quoted in Tobias, Verbrechen, p. 17. "ZSt." stands for Zentrale Stelle der Landesjustizverwaltungen zur Aufklärung Nationalsozialistischer Verbrechen - Central Office of the Federal Judicial Administrations for the Investigation of National Socialist Crimes, Ludwigsburg, Germany, hereinafter "Central Office".). This is confirmed by a report from the Commander of Security Police and Security Service in Rovno (outpost Brest-Litowsk), Ernst Berger, dated 5 October 1942, which mentions the operations against Kortelisy, Borki, Zablocie und Borysovka (source as before).
Page 1 of Operation Order dd. 22.9.1942, facsimile in Tobias, Verbrechen, p. 16. The original document is kept in the Moscow Central Archives, a copy at the Central Office in Ludwigsburg (ZSt. II 204 ARZ 38/70). The heading of the document translates as follows: "Secret! Operation Order for the Destruction of Locations". The order's first item translates as follows: "Battalion shall on 23.9.1942 destroy the following locations northeast of Mokrany, which are infested by bandits: Borki, Zablocie and Borysovka. Company Nürnberg shall destroy Kortelisy."
The order "Company Nürnberg shall destroy Kortelisy" was carried out mercilessly on Wednesday, 23 September 1942, the day Kortelisy remembers as "Black Wednesday". Gregorij Ivanovich Korneliuk, born 1922, was one of the few survivors who could still testify at the time of Tobias' publications: «When morning dawned, I went to the yard and saw two men standing on the street, who carried weapons on their shoulders. I ran to my uncle, who lived not far away from us, woke him up and said, ‘Uncle, there are armed men out there, our village is surrounded.’ It got brighter, German and Ukrainian police ran through the village and ordered us to come to the market square by the church. My uncle and I hid in the stable on the hayloft. All of a sudden we heard a terrible noise, the noise of motors! Then the killing began. They took the people in groups to the mass graves. Due to the strong noise of motors one could barely hear the shots. Then it was very quiet for a few hours. Later Ukrainian policemen came with horse carts and plundered our village. I could ask the men what had happened. They answered: ‘Your people are all dead!’ My uncle and I ran to the forest together with other youths who had also hidden. There we were safe.» (Tobias, Verbrechen, p. 17)
Darija Alexandrovna Polivoda was 10 years old on "Black Wednesday". Half a century later she recounted her experience: «It was in the early morning, my mother awakened and stammered: ‘The Germans are in the village, the Germans». Darija survived because according to her mother’s instructions she pretended to be the daughter of a Polish woman whose husband worked with the Germans. In the Polish family’s house the girl heard the people screaming: «They kill us, they kill!». The child looked out of the window and saw how people were taken out of houses and rounded up in small groups. «Always about 20 or so, I don’t know exactly. I saw how the German soldiers laid the people shot, with blood-covered heads, out in rows, head to head. My mother was also murdered, my grandfather and my brother, three months older than I. Why did they kill us?» (Tobias, Verbrechen, pp. 17-18)
The husband of Agavija Ivanovna Sakhachuk (born 1920) left the house in the early morning for the fields and didn’t come back. He was picked up by Ukrainian policemen, taken to the center of the village and shot. Mrs. Sakhachuk hid in the stable and barely escaped the killers. In the evening she walked with other survivors through the village and saw the unbelievable: «Corpses were lying around everywhere. A number of these people were shot while trying to escape. We collected the dead and brought them to the mass graves. We took shovels and threw earth on the bodies, but the blood protruded from the earth.» (Tobias, Verbrechen, p. 18.)
Already in 1985 Fiodor Ivanovich Rudinuk, then 70 years old, told Berlin journalist Paul Kohl how he had survived (Paul Kohl, Der Krieg der deutschen Wehrmacht und der Polizei 1941-1944. Sowjetische Überlebende berichten, 1995 Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, pp. 49-50):
It was around 4 hours in the morning. They looked into the windows with lamps. I thought there was a fire. The Fascists broke the windows with rifle butts, kicked open the doors with their boots and suddenly stood in the room. I was half naked, but nevertheless they searched me for weapons. Then they chased us all out of the house. My sister wanted to go back to get some warm clothing. She had a small child with her and didn’t want it to be cold. It was already quite cold, at the end of September. But we had to go out on the square without warm clothes. There we sat and waited until all had been chased out of the houses. We men were taken a little aside. There we had to dig a pit, 5 meters deep, 2 meters wide and very long. So I had to dig my own grave. While we dug machine pistols were pointed at us from all sides. Then, when the first groups were chased to the pits and the soldiers started shooting them, panic broke out, the people screamed, wanted to run away. Thereupon the soldiers fired with machine pistols into the crowd. And then during the shootings they turned on the motors of their trucks and played music through loudspeakers, in order to drown out the screams and the shots. Little children they impaled on bayonets and then threw them into the pit, in order to save bullets. I saw myself how the Fascist slit open the belly of a highly pregnant woman and threw her into the pit. In the evening it started raining strongly. Nevertheless the village continued burning. Almost for a week. The pits were only covered with a little soil. Through the soil the blood came up from the earth. Like through a miracle I survived. When the panic broke out I simply ran away with others. They shot at us but missed. For two days we hid in the woods. Then we went back to the village. What village – there were only a few walls standing, chimneys and ashes everywhere. From others, who came back right after the Germans had left, we heard that the soil on the pits was still slightly moving. That was because not all were immediately dead when they fell into the pits. They shoveled the soil away. But it was too late.
The long-time mayor of Kortelisy, Nikolaij Andronovich Michalevich, has provided for the recording and archiving of contemporary witnesses’ accounts. His account, based on such reports, is quoted in Tobias, Verbrechen, p. 19: «The policemen collected the inhabitants on the market square. Then they locked them inside the church and the school. Some inhabitants were forced to did pits. A total of six mass graves were dug. Then the policemen shot first the men and then women and children, always in groups of 50. About 1,000 inhabitants, mostly old people and little children, were thrown into a huge clay pit filled with water. Those who didn’t drown or tried to flee were shot.».
Kortelisy has a small historical museum with a permanent exhibition dedicated to the massacre, opened in 1980. Museum director Maria Jaroshuk has been researching the events of "Black Wednesday" for decades and recorded all related evidence, yet still fights back the tears when speaking about the past: «The killing lasted until 16 hours. In these few hours 2,875 inhabitants were murdered, thereof 1,620 children. Our village was destroyed by the Police Company Nürnberg. The survivors report that it then started raining. It looked as if the sky was crying about the fate of the people.». In the late afternoon the Germans and their Ukrainian auxiliaries began securing cattle, grain stocks and other assets. After the policemen had completely plundered Kortelisy, they burned down the village. A total of 700 houses and farms were destroyed. (Tobias, Verbrechen, as above.)
Pages from a memorial book containing the names and birth dates of all 2,875 people murdered on 23 September 1942 are shown in Tobias’ documentary. So is the memorial site where the mass graves containing the victims' remains are located. The memorial book and the mass graves are also mentioned by Kohl.
All former members of the Nürnberg Police Company interrogated after the war by West German criminal justice authorities denied having participated in the massacre. The Nuremberg public prosecutor’s office concluded that, while there was a "considerable suspicion" ("ein erheblicher Verdacht") that the company had burned down Kortelisy on 23.9.1942 and shot at least a part of its inhabitants, the available evidence was not sufficient to incriminate any individual suspect for an action committed during the massacre. The Central Office suggested a letters rogatory to Soviet authorities, but the competent Nuremberg prosecutor categorically rejected this on grounds that "It seems impossible that Russian eyewitnesses eventually still living should after such a long time be able to identify individual perpetrators let alone tell their names". The proceedings against all suspects of the Nürnberg Police Company as concerns Kortelisy were closed on 6 April 1972 (Tobias, Verbrechen, p. 20, citing a letter dated 6 August 1970 from the Central Office to the Attorney General at the Nuremberg Higher Regional Court and the Nuremberg Public Prosecutor’s Office’s order dated 6 April 1972, ZSt. II 204 ARZ 38/70).
In the four towns/villages in the Ratnov area destroyed on 23 September 1942, a total of 4,038 civilians were killed on that day – 169 in Borysovka, 705 in Borki, 289 in Zablocie and 2,875 in Kortelisy. About the destruction of Borki and the killing of 705 of its inhabitants – 203 men, 372 women, 130 children, for which the killers used 786 rounds of rifle ammunition and 2,496 rounds of pistol ammunition – there is a detailed report written by the deputy commander of 10th Company, 3rd Battalion, 15th Police Regiment. My translation of this report, and of an excerpt from the 3rd Battalion’s war diary mentioning the destruction of Borysovka, Borki and Zablocie, can be read in my post of Apr 28 13 11:40 AM on the HC forum’s thread The Nazi struggle against Soviet partisans.
The massacres mentioned in this article were not isolated events, but part of a policy of mass murder directed against rural civilian populations in the context of anti-partisan operations. On p. 955 of his book Kalkulierte Morde, German historian Christian Gerlach writes the following (my translation):
It is not possible to establish the total number of people who were killed by the Germans and their auxiliaries during the fight against partisans in Belorussia. Only approximations can be made. Such require dealing with the statistical problems in this context, first of all. There are several ways to determine a total number of victims. Posterior research on reports about individual cases, such as published by the working group around Romanowski, cannot be accurate due to the vast number of affected villages, the lack of surviving witnesses able to provide exact data and the enormous research effort. They only provide minimum numbers because only positively verifiable cases are therein taken into consideration. In the more than 5,000 villages covered by Romanowski more than 147,000 inhabitants died. 627 villages were completely destroyed, and 186 thereof remained wastelands after the war. For comparison: In Lithuania there were 21, in the Ukraine 250 “scorched villages”.Gerlach estimates that a total of 345,000 were killed in rural anti-partisan operations on the territory of Belarus, nine in ten of them being unarmed civilians. The total number of civilians killed in such operations throughout the Soviet territories occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II has been estimated at about half a million (Dieter Pohl, Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 1933-1945, p. 128; Christian Hartmann, Wehrmacht im Ostkrieg: Front und militärisches Hinterland 1941/42, p. 789). Anti-partisan operations and other occupation violence may together have accounted for over one million deaths among the non-Jewish population of the occupied Soviet territories (Pohl, as above, p. 153).
Enormous as these figures are, they should nevertheless be put into perspective. The number of Jewish civilians murdered by the Nazis on the territory of the USSR within its borders as of 22 June 1941 (i.e. including the Baltic Countries and the Polish and Romanian territories annexed in 1939/40) was much higher, at least 2.4 million (Hartmann, as above; 2.6 million murdered Jews are mentioned by German historian Hans-Heinrich Nolte). And total Soviet civilian deaths from what Gil Elliot called "hard violence" are greatly outnumbered by civilian excess deaths due to privation - some of which was caused by the implementation of Nazi Germany's ruthless exploitation and starvation policies.
A future blog will address the Nürnberg Police Company's crimes against the local Jewish population. | <urn:uuid:d2400eae-71f0-49f1-ac17-e784b9ed84f8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://holocaustcontroversies.blogspot.com/2013/05/the-kortelisy-massacre.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.971302 | 4,303 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Dr. Boniface Kiteme has been the main facilitator for activities of the Wyss Academy in Kenya from pre-conception to proof of concept and through the ramp-up phase up to now. He champions true stakeholder engagement and the integration of indigenous knowledge and youth groups into the design and implementation of initiatives that aim to benefit nature and people.
Dr. Boniface Kiteme
Key partner of East Africa Hub
The rapid transformation of society and the environment calls for multifaceted actions. How did you set priorities?
Let me begin with the very first visit of the Swiss team in 2018 when we familiarized ourselves with the landscape that we planned to work in, the Mount Kenya - Ewaso Ng’iro North Basin. That was the beginning of the conceptual framing that became what we today call the knowledge platform, engagement platform and the incubators. In February 2019, we had our co-design workshop here in Kenya. For four days, around 60 participants drawn from different institutions and professional backgrounds in academia, policy and practice discussed and generated a huge basket of intervention ideas that we considered relevant for activities vis à vis the Wyss Academy’s mission in Kenya. Collectively we reduced this huge list of ideas to about 100, then to nine and down to six. Importantly, we identified two areas of focus: the Dual Purpose Corridor and the Wetland Stewardship. The others were planned for further elaboration at a later date.
The Dual Purpose Corridor project evolved out of the need to think systemically and address the emerging challenges associated with a lack of connectivity between ecosystems. Can you tell us more about that?
The Dual Purpose Corridor was the most challenging project to set up because it proposed the demarcation of migration routes which can be used by both wildlife, in particular, elephants, and by livestock. This idea was proposed because we realized that existing wildlife corridors were also being used by people. Historical land use transformations in the Mt. Kenya-Ewaso Ng’iro landscape were mostly triggered by agricultural and settlement activities that encroached on, and in most cases took over, what were formerly livestock routes and wildlife migration and dispersal corridors. These are largely responsible for curtailing ecosystem connectivity in the region. As we addressed the needs of connectivity between wildlife and livestock, we were also catering to the connectivity needs of communities living in these areas. So the scope of this project idea was expanding every time we met. It is a sensitive project because it touches on land use planning where competing claims may be involved, so naturally this becomes an extremely emotional issue. To address this, through a series of context-specific workshops, we were able to form what we call the “champions of the corridors” group. In the process, we realized that the Dual Purpose Corridors must be anchored on existing institutions, in order for them to achieve the level of legitimacy that they require.
Why does the Wyss Academy concentrate on Wetland Stewardship?
We are in a very interesting landscape where the highlands have more or less enough water, while the lowlands suffer from serious water scarcity. Therefore, we have been intervening on land use activities in the highlands as a way of releasing water from there, and supporting communities and ecosystems in the lowlands. Up until 2016, we had always focused on the utilization of river water as the main challenge. Then we did a study looking at river water use between 2003 and 2013, and the results of that study made us realize that the dependence on river water in those ten years had decreased by about 30 %. This was because the exploitation of alternative sources – rain water harvesting and ground water – had increased by almost the same margin. So we expanded our attention from river water to spring water, in order to determine their role in sustaining dry season flow in the lowlands of the Ewaso Ng’iro river. We did a rapid analysis of how much each spring is exuding and, of what the key aspects are that threaten the life of the springs. The first round of springs mapping and assessment in the lowlands, and partly, the upstream, was completed at the time when we were doing the co-design workshop. The participants of the co-design workshop insisted that we must look at water resources both upstream and downstream. And so the decision was taken to complete the remaining springs assessment in the upstream areas. That’s how the Wetland Stewardship incubator came about.
How does the approach of including local knowledge make or break a project?
We have the external knowledge generated from research or science, which plays an extremely important role. But we also have local knowledge that has its position, and that can never be wished away. In my view, sustainability rests in the hands and the brains of the local communities. How they receive and accept external interventions determines a lot about whether these interventions will be sustainable. And to a large extent, the willingness and the availability of the local communities to continue supporting an initiative beyond external intervention depends on how much of their knowledge systems have been tapped into designing this.
How – and why – did the Wyss Academy engage Maasai youth groups?
You don’t speak to a young person as you would speak to an elder. So you have to find the right avenues, the right channels, the right words, the right language to get the youth on board. We are partnering with a youth group from the Maasai community who have this very deep respect for traditions but at the same time, this curiosity about the future and for new things. We are recording them and producing music videos to carry their messages across their communities but also beyond. These are people who sing about peace, about protecting the environment, about the land. They have very positive messages both for people and nature, messages that don’t come from us. We bring them along to the communities with us, so that whenever we want to engage with the community we have a large crowd and the event becomes more exciting than just a workshop. The youth are the future. | <urn:uuid:d329ee66-fa80-456c-872c-60b65a335c75> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://annualreport.wyssacademy.org/east-africa/interview/interview-dr-boniface-kiteme-partner-east-africa-hub | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.967853 | 1,244 | 1.789063 | 2 |
You’ll never find a sweet Vidalia onion grown by an Atlanta-area farmer. Not technically, anyway. To be labeled a Vidalia, the onion—a hybrid known as yellow granex, developed to thrive in warmer climates—must be grown in a twenty-county area of southeast Georgia, which includes the city of Vidalia in Toombs County. During the 1930s, farmers desperate to find a successful crop discovered that South Georgia’s soil lacked sulfur, which gave onions a distinct mildness. Their popularity increased over the decades, and in 1986 the Georgia legislature trademarked the name.
But just like sparkling wines produced outside the Champagne region of France, which employs similar trademark laws, sweet onions grown outside the Vidalia region can have their own fine qualities. For example, Mike and Judy Cunningham of Newnan’s Country Gardens Farm grow several onion types, including yellow granex. Their soil may not have the exact properties as the South Georgia land, but they still produce a mild onion—organically. Sweet onions, harvested in the spring, don’t store as well as other varieties; use them quickly and keep their preparation simple, as a headliner in salads or soups or sauteed to accompany meats.
This article originally appeared in our May 2014 issue. | <urn:uuid:93fb9a34-27a1-46b0-9456-54f4115a0ce1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.atlantamagazine.com/dining-news/sweet-onions-a-unique-breed/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.948496 | 267 | 2.453125 | 2 |
If you’re wondering how to clean the burner jets on a gas stove, keep reading. As you continue to read this post, you will find out how to do it in a straightforward manner.
During combustion, small vent holes send a little amount of fuel to the jets below the burners. Food residue from the stoves, such as grease spray, crumbs, and sauce splashes, can clog the drains. Using a few low-tech and simple approaches, the gas burner can be repaired when it becomes clogged.
Why to Clean Clogged Gas Stove Burners?
Let’s have a look at why gas stove burners and valves need to be cleaned before we get started.
There are numerous reasons to clean your gas stove burners, including the following:
To Maintaining the Efficiency
There are many advantages to using a gas stove burner over other cooktops.
Using a gas stove burner is one of the best ways to save money on gas. Because they are so fast, gas stove burners are far superior than other types of cooktops.
Gas stove burners are less expensive when compared to other types of cooktops.
However, gas burners lose their efficiency over time, necessitating regular cleaning and maintenance.
Make sure you clean the burner on your gas stove properly if you don’t want to spend additional money on cooking supplies!
To Increasing the Durability
Generally speaking, gas stove burners are quite long-lasting and can last for decades.
Burners on gas stoves are among the most frequently used equipment in everyday life. They must be properly cared for and maintained in order to perform at their best.
To Avoiding any Accident
Precautions are critical. It’s one of the most critical reasons to keep your gas stove burner clean.. You risk your life if you don’t take adequate care of them. Damage to any portion of the vehicle can cause a serious accident.
You’ll be able to detect damage to a component if you regularly clean the system. So if you don’t want to put your life at risk, make sure to clean the burners on your gas stove every now and then.
How to Clean Gas Stove Jets
Gas Stove Jet Cleaning Tools
With a soft cloth and mild detergent, you may swiftly clean the gas stove’s jets. Jets that spew or don’t work require additional equipment to quickly remove the muck that has built up over time. You should have the following information at your disposal:
- With a wire brush attached to a handle,
- Wire miniatures in a miniature setting
- Clothes that are gentle on the skin
A gas jet cleaning wire brush is an effective tool. These can be used to scrape stubborn grease from the burner’s edges. Give the jet a good scrub for around 10 minutes before wiping it down with a moist cloth. Turn on the jet and check if the abrasive brush works after letting it dry.
If the problem persists, try poking about inside each jet vent with the tools included in a tiny wire set. Use a gentle cloth to remove any loosened grime. Good Housekeeping suggests using a degreaser to speed up the cleaning process if the jets are caked with old grease and food.
Natural Detergents for Stove Jets
The jets may be cleaned with vinegar, baking soda, lemons, and salt, which can swiftly remove the buildup of grease. To get the jets up and running in a matter of hours, grab a decent scrub brush, some soft cloth, a toothbrush, and a set of little wire brushes.
It is recommended by The Maids that the first layer of grease and filth be removed with a warm bath and mild dishwashing solutions. Jet vents can be cleared by applying a mixture of two parts baking soda and one part water to the surface and allowing it to work for about 20 minutes. Before rinsing, use a soft scrub brush or toothbrush to remove the paste and dirt.
Maintaining Clean Gas Stove Jets
There are a few simple ways to keep your jets in peak condition after you’ve done all of the hard work of cleaning and reviving them.
- After you’ve finished cooking for the day, use a spray bottle to quickly spritz some vinegar into the burner and gas jet wells. Wipe it down after letting it sit for at least 15 minutes. Cleans the stove top to a high sheen as well.
- Dishwasher safe stove top burner covers should be cleaned at least once a week or once a month if you don’t cook very often.
- Keeping the wells and stove top covers clean on a weekly basis can prevent grease from getting into the little vents of the gas stoves and clogging the burners.
Steps To Clean Gas Stove Burners Jets
Is there a method for cleaning the gas stove burners’ jets? Here are the measures to follow whenever you need to clean the burner jets on your gas stove, my friends:
Step #1. Preparation of the things needed
You only need a soft cloth and a small amount of dish soap to quickly clean the gas stove’s burners. In addition, you’ll need specialized tools to quickly clean out spitting or malfunctioning jets. Wire brushes, soft cloths and a toothbrush are all essential.
Using a gas-jet wire brush to clean the sound equipment is one option. A stiff brush and some elbow grease will get rid of stubborn grease buildup on the burner rim. Using a damp towel, wipe the jet clean for around 10 minutes to remove any leftover sludge from the surface. If you switch on the jet and let the abrasive brush dry before using it again, it should work.
Probe each jet vent with a set of small wire pliers to discover whether the problem remains. Wipe away any dirt that’s come loose using a soft cloth. A degreaser applied to jets caked with old food and oil will expedite cleanup, in my opinion.
Step #2. Considering natural detergents to use for your stove jets
Grease can be removed off jets using common home materials as vinegar, baking soda and lemon juice. Your jets will look brand new in no time if you clean them with a good scrub brush and several little wire brushes.
In order to remove grease and filth, warm water and dishwashing soap are recommended. Mix a paste of two parts baking soda to one part water and let it to settle for 20 minutes for severely clogged jet vents. Remove any remaining soap and water residue by thoroughly rinsing with a light scrub brush or a toothbrush. You may wish to learn about natural cleansers for cleaning gas stove burners.
Step #3. The process to clean gas stove burners jets
It’s not difficult to maintain the jets after they’ve been thoroughly cleaned and returned to their aggressive selves. Spray the burner and gas jet wells with pure vinegar after you’ve completed cooking for the day.
Before wiping everything down, allow the flavors to meld for at least 15 minutes. In addition, the stovetop is left sparkling clean as a result of this procedure. It is recommended that you wash the stovetop burner covers on the top rack of the dishwasher once a week or once a month if you do not cook very often or at all. Keep grease from blocking the small gas stove vents by cleaning the cooktop wells and undercover regions on a regular basis.
Step #4. Replacing gas cooktop switch
On the list of ways to replace your gas cooktop switch are the following
Unplug the stove’s power cord from the wall before you can turn it off. Pull the stove’s gas valve away from the wall to disconnect it. That means removing the diffusers and burner grates from your home. Finally, unscrew the valves’ knobs.
Unscrew the screws on the bottom of the burners to remove the burner bases. Using a tiny screwdriver, dislodge the cooktop release clamps on either side of the cooktop’s front. Wood or wire supports can be used to keep the stovetop stable after it has been hoisted. Remove the screws at the top and bottom of the control panel to uncover the cover..
The next step is to remove the valve’s switch and the cables connecting to it from the wiring. Some stoves require all of their switches to be replaced at once, while others just need one switch to be replaced. Remove the red and black cables after making a mental note of where they are linked to the wiring harness (black wires). Lastly, remove the harness from the clamps and put it in a secure place.
When you’re done, press the new switch into position on the valve and make sure it clicks into place. Replacing the electrical connections is followed by installing the burner’s base, top, valve knobs, and any associated fasteners. After you’ve connected them, be sure to switch on the gas valve and the stove. Turn on each burner one at a time to ensure that the flame is controlled by the knob.
A cooktop stove normally has four gas burners. You crank a dial on the stove’s exterior to control each burner. Flow and intensity of the spark are controlled via the dial. A malfunctioning burner switch stops the gas from igniting, rendering the burner useless. If you’re having problems with your glass-top stove’s burners or switches, you might want to check out this article.
How To Clean Gas Stove Burner Heads Effectively
Best gas stove cleaning tips
- You must disconnect the pipeline gas stove and turn off the gas supply from the mains. The owner’s manual for your stove may contain instructions on how to remove a gas pipe.
- It’s possible that the burner on a gas stove has a replaceable ceramic disc. To aid in the extinguishing process, use this disc. It’s easy to learn how to clean a gas burner at home. After the disc or burner head has cooled down, just remove it. Take care not to damage the burner venturi tube when doing this procedure. Having an auto-ignition stove makes this even more critical.
- Once the burner has been turned off, soak the heads and caps for about 30 minutes in warm, soapy water. The grease deposit will be easier to remove if this is done. Use a liquid detergent rather than an abrasive one to get the best results possible. Sponges can be used to clear food stains from the rest of the stove.
How to clean gas stove burner holes
For best results, immerse the burner heads in warm, soapy water for at least 15 minutes before using a gentle scrubber and toothbrush to remove any remaining food residue. It’s possible that the burner openings are still clogged with sticky grease. To get the same thing out, use a long needle or a straightened out paper clip. But be sure to do so in a kind manner.
Use of wooden picks may cause extra debris to build up in the burner holes if they break off or splinter there. Metal around the burner holes can be destroyed if you apply too much pressure. In addition, the holes could get bigger and pose a significant safety danger.
After that, rinse the burner caps and heads under running water to get rid of any soap or dirt that may have remained. Use a clean, lint-free cloth to remove any remaining moisture. Before putting them back, it’s best to let them air dry. The chance of water leaking into the house is eliminated.
This method also works on the remainder of the gas stove’s components. With a soft brush, scrub the grill, drip tray, and grates with detergent and water. If you use a soft cloth to buff the stove, you can get a high gloss finish.
What to clean your gas stove burner with?
What not to do is the most important thing. When cleaning your stove, avoid using bleach or other harsh chemicals. A gas-stove can be damaged by abrasive materials like these. You can effectively clean your gas stove with a variety of household cleaners. The first step is to clean the burner of any loose particles. At least 30 minutes later, rinse well with soapy water. Clean and dry completely. Surface grease will be easier to remove with this method.
Using Baking Soda
Bake soda and water should be mixed together to form a paste. The burner and the drip trays should be coated in the same thick layer of oil. You’ll notice that the muck has begun to dislodge after around 30 minutes. After removing the baking soda with a scrubber, run the burner caps under water to clean them. In order to completely clean the surface, use a soft toothbrush. Clean the burner heads and caps with this method.
If your burner has been badly burnt, you can also use baking soda and hydrogen peroxide. Peroxide should be sprayed on the burners after the baking soda has been liberally applied. There is no need to worry about clogging up your burner holes thanks to the fizzing motion. A gentle cloth is all that is needed to remove the residue.
You may also clean your stovetop using baking soda and lemon. The stovetop should be covered in baking soda. Rub it with a slivered lemon. Any food stains or scorch marks can be removed with this product. You may restore the stove to like-new condition by wiping it off with a gentle moist cloth.
The procedure for cleaning the stovepipe is also the same. To clean it, simply swish some baking soda around in it. Every six months or so, replace it with a new pipe to ensure safety.
Using lemon juice or vinegar to clean gas stoves
Lemon juice’s acidic nature makes it a powerful cleaning agent. The grates and burners can simply be placed in a zip-top bag with enough lemon or vinegar to moisten them all, and then sealed. For about an hour, leave the bag in the refrigerator. Give each burner and grate a good scrub with an old toothbrush after taking them from the bag. Running water should be used to completely clean them. They are going to be spotless.
How to Clean Gas Stove Valve
Comparatively speaking, cleaning the gas stove valve is more simpler than cleaning the gas stove burners. You’ll need some lube to get it clean. These are the procedures to follow:
- You must first locate the gas shutoff valve in order to turn off the gas supply before you begin cleaning. Remove any other items from the stovetop and turn off the burner after that.
- Put the Drops in — The last step is to put a few drops into the fuel hose of your car. It’s important to keep one end of the tube in your mouth at all times.
- The final step is to remove the valve out of its socket once you’ve completed the previous step. It aids in adequate lubrication. You’ll need to blast the oil out now.
Before putting everything back together, check to see that everything is operating as it should.
Voila! Your gas stove valve can be easily cleaned now that you’ve read this article.
How to Clean Clogged Gas Stove Burners
Let’s take a look at what you’ll need first (to make the process easier)
- soap for the kitchen
- A scrubbing brush (nonabrasive)
- tacks and tacks
- a rusty old brush
- soda bicarbonate of soda
The following is crucial and should not be ignored before we begin.
Why? – Because gas stoves are so varied in design.
In the instructions, you’ll find all the information you need to know about where to clean and what to use. In this way, you can be certain that you are not causing any damage to the burner on your gas stove by using it incorrectly. If you don’t have a physical copy, you may alternatively access the manual online and print it out.
1. Remove the Burner Caps
To begin, make sure the gas valve is shut off. If it is, do so immediately for your own safety.
In order to help diffuse the flames, older gas burners have a ceramic plate surrounding the stove. Remove any ceramic plates that you notice if you come across them.
2. Remove Burner Heads and Soak the Parts
The burner head can be found underneath the ceramic plate, which can be removed.
Use soap and water in a combination to remove it off the skin.
3. Scrub All the Parts Properly
A toothbrush can now be used to assist you thoroughly clean all of the pieces.
Baking powder can be used to remove stubborn stains if they are well-established.
4. Rinse with Water
Rinse all pieces with water and allow them to dry completely after cleaning is complete.
It is possible to clean other portions of the grill while drying.
5. Reassemble and Relight
It’s time to rebuild it once the components have dried. Take care to avoid bending or damaging any parts.
Make sure that everything is working properly by lighting the burner again.
Finally, it’s all done. Clogged gas burners can now be cleaned with the information you’ve just learned.
Benefits of Cleaning Clogged Gas Stove Burners and Valves
Cleaning clogged gas stove burners and valves has the following advantages:
Increase in Speed
The life of a gas stove burner can be extended if it is cleaned properly. You won’t have to spend money on a new one because it will perform just like the old one.
Proper Heat Distribution
One of the most important aspects of practical cooking involves the proper distribution of heat.
In addition, gas stove burners are superior to other cooktops because they are more efficient.
Gas waste can occur as a result of inefficient heat distribution. As a result, it will take longer for your food to cook if the heat is uneven.
How do you clean a clogged gas jet?
When using the gas stove, insert a tiny brush into the burner’s entrance and slowly move the brush around to release any clogs. Turn the jet upside down in a garbage container to dispose of the debris. Return the jet to the burner valve port by repositioning it. The jet should be lowered back onto the support arm.
How do you fix a orange flame on a gas stove?
You should clean the gas stove if you see an orange flame, which is an easy do-it-yourself project. The orifices must be unclogged and the burner must be cleaned of any debris before reassembling the stove.
What maintenance is required for a gas fireplace?
However, it is important for homeowners to have their gas fireplaces inspected and repaired on a regular basis. A professional is needed to inspect the gas line for gas leaks, the integrity of gas valves, and to clean the glass of these fireplaces, as they use natural gas.
Does a gas fireplace need to be cleaned?
The annual cleaning of gas fireplaces, despite the fact that they do not emit creosote, is nevertheless necessary. It’s a good idea to have your gas fireplace chimney swept at least once a year to remove any debris, birds’ nests, and any soot that may have accumulated over time. In addition, a chimney sweep is generally accompanied by a chimney inspection.
Why does a gas burner flame turn black?
If your gas burner isn’t heating evenly or if the temperature is too high, your pots may turn black. If the flame isn’t heating evenly, you’ll see a blue outside with a yellow core. Your air-to-flame ratio needs to be altered if you see yellow.
Why is a gas flame orange and not blue?
Seeing orange flames instead of blue flames may indicate that the burners are either dirty or need to be adjusted. Your gas stove may be emitting harmful levels of carbon monoxide gas if it’s emitting an orange color.
What causes a yellow flame on a gas stove?
A wavering, yellow flame on a normal gas burner indicates that the burner is out of adjustment or the air inlet is restricted. As a result, the burner may be producing excessive amounts of CO. … Whenever there is a flame or combustion, some deadly carbon monoxide gas can be produced.
How do you get rid of yellow flame on gas stove?
If a gas burner has a flickering, yellow flame, the burner is either out of balance or the air entrance is clogged. There may be an overproduction of carbon monoxide (CO) due to this. Flames and burning release carbon monoxide gas that can be dangerous.
Will vinegar clean stove burners?
Spray the grates with a solution made of 50/50 water and vinegar while they soak. The burners should be sprayed down with care. Clean the burners with a good coat of acid, but don’t overdo it. Wait around 15-20 minutes before serving.
Can you clean stove burners?
Disinfect the burner coils by wiping them down with a damp towel and a little mild dish soap and water. Keep the electrical connection dry and avoid submerging the burners in water at all costs. … Scrub and rinse the burner after it sits for about 20 minutes.
Can you clean the heating element in an oven?
To avoid scratching or igniting a smoldering ember or flame, avoid cleaning around the oven’s heating elements on the roof and floor.
It’s A Wrap!
The best way to clean gas stove burner jets is to use this method. As a result, you have a choice of four simple methods. We’ve outlined each step so you don’t have to think about it. Read an article on why my gas stove won’t light and how to fix gas stove burners to learn more about cleaning your stove. | <urn:uuid:8bf17c9c-4efe-4df1-a8e5-41e809c1bac1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://spasifikmag.com/how-to-clean-gas-stove-burners-jets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.912486 | 4,657 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Director of Collections and Exhibitions, Walter Anderson Museum of Art
Hometown: Starkville, MS
BA in Art History and Anthropology (2013)
As an intern at the UM Museum Mattie Codling curated a Southern Folk Art exhibition—researching artists, selecting pieces, and designing the show. She also interned at the Ohr-O’Keefe Museum of Art in Biloxi. After earning an MA in art history with a specialization in museum studies at Florida State University, she worked at the Mission San Luis Archaeological Site in Tallahassee, Florida. She then moved to the Walter Anderson Museum in Ocean Springs, MS, where she has been Curator and now Director of Collections and Exhibitions.
Significant Experiences at UM?
Experiences outside of the classroom were important elements of success for Mattie as an art history and anthropology major.
“Take the first chance you get to work in your field, even if it isn’t required for your degree,” she said. “Internships are great! Make use of what is available on campus because there is always somewhere to plug in.”
The University Museum internship inspired her favorite academic achievement, curating a museum exhibition of Southern folk art for her senior thesis. She researched the artists, selected pieces illustrating their style, and designed “How We Worked, Played, and Prayed” to be educational and enjoyable for the viewer.
“The task proved instructive and gave me confidence in my ability as an art historian,” Codling said. “I gained skills in research, planning, and installation indispensable to my future career.”
Art history professor Nancy Wicker notes other skills Codling cultivated.
“As faculty advisor of the Vasari Society, I worked with Mattie for two years as we sought to rejuvenate the art history student organization,” said Wicker. “As president of the group, she organized internal events and also took the initiative to bring an expert on stained glass to our university. She indefatigably sought sources of funds and worked with me to write an application for a Mississippi Humanities Council mini-grant, which we subsequently received.”
In addition to museum curation and grant writing, Codling experienced field work in anthropology. One summer she helped excavate the Carson Indian Burial Mounds near Clarksdale, a large site for the Mississippian group predating European contact.
All these experiences and work for her double major in art history and anthropology equipped Codling for her next steps in life. “UM prepared me for what I want to do outside of college by the complexity and level of excellence professors required of my work,” she said. “True, I didn’t enjoy reading theory, but it was all worth it in the end.”
Why study Art History at UM?
You have a wealth of knowledge and expertise available from the art history faculty who are leaders in their fields. You also have the incredible resource of one of the country’s top ranked university museums. My professors and museum managers encouraged and pushed me to test my boundaries. They continue to support and celebrate my career. | <urn:uuid:75b8beab-e7a6-4d6f-a99b-8d6b88cce3fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://art.olemiss.edu/alumni-profile-mattie-codling/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.954448 | 677 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) Health
LGBTQ patients experience disparities in access to and quality of care, leading to preventable, adverse health outcomes including elevated risk for specific chronic diseases and increased rates of suicide and depression. The Certificate in LGBTQ Health is designed to teach students how to address these disparities, improve the health of LGBTQ patients, support education around LGBTQ health, and foster research on the optimal ways to care for LGBTQ patients and families.
The Certificate in LGBTQ Health for Vanderbilt professional students comprises three elements:
- Research Immersion in LGBTQ Health. Students will select a research topic within the realm of LGBTQ health. This may include selecting a topic within a clinical specialty, for example, adolescent medicine, infectious disease, psychiatry, or surgery. Projects may combine empirical and conceptual work with mentorship provided by designated mentors.
- LGBTQ Health in Inter-professional Practice or Sex, Sexuality, and Sexual Health Elective. Students choose from one of these two interdisciplinary courses focusing on sexual health in the general population and the specific health care needs of sexual and gender minorities. In addition to the basic sciences underlying the pathophysiology of health in these populations (e.g., HPV infection, HPA dysregulation with chronic stress), clinical specialties highlighted in the course include pediatrics and adolescent medicine, OB/GYN, psychiatry, and internal medicine with content threads from ethics, medico-legal health care, human development, and chronic care.
- Capstone Project. Each student will complete a capstone project related to LGBTQ health. This may include development of patient education materials, providing a community or staff training, or implementation of a quality improvement project. The capstone is expected to enable students to demonstrate proficiency and acquired knowledge in the area of LGBTQ health.
Each element may be taken separately, but completion of the Certificate in LGBTQ Health requires successful completion of all three elements.
For additional information on the Graduate Certificate in LGBTQ Health, please contact:
Eli E. Zimmerman, M.D.
A-0118 Medical Center North
Nashville, TN 37232-2551
Please note: this certificate is only currently available for Vanderbilt students. | <urn:uuid:81c5b0e6-2da2-482c-b270-494372914b84> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://medschool.vanderbilt.edu/certificate-programs/lgbtq-health/?program=Certificate+in+LGBTQ+Health | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.905412 | 463 | 2.28125 | 2 |
|Year : 2020 | Volume
| Issue : 3 | Page : 204-209
Do social support and social network influence dental caries in 12–14-year-old schoolchildren of Hyderabad City? – A cross-sectional study
Vishnu Priya Sadhu, M D Shakeel Anjum, V Divya, Vinila Tenali, T Sravya, M Jyothi
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India
|Date of Submission||17-Jan-2020|
|Date of Decision||13-Feb-2020|
|Date of Acceptance||30-Sep-2020|
|Date of Web Publication||24-Oct-2020|
Vishnu Priya Sadhu
Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Kothrepally, Vikarabad, Telangana
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
Background: Evidence on the influence of psychosocial factors (social support and social network) on dental caries is scarce in the Indian literature. This assessment is even more important in children, owing to the serious complications of caries that could make their daily activities painful. Aim: We aimed to study if social support and social network influence dental caries among 12–14-year-old schoolchildren of Hyderabad city. Methodology: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted on a sample of 1015 students, and information about social support (using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support) and social network (2 questions on number of friends and family members) was recorded. Caries was assessed through the “WHO Dentition Status and Treatment Needs 1997 pro forma” and Decayed, Missed, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) (caries experience) was calculated. Correlation between psychosocial and outcome (D and DMFT) variables followed by binary logistic regression with D and DMFT as the outcome variables in two models were conducted using SPSS 24 with a significance level set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean social support score was 4.10. Almost half of them had a good network of friends and family members. A significant negative correlation was found between “social network family” and both the outcome variables. None of the psychosocial variables predicted caries in the regression. Conclusion: Although psychosocial variables could not predict caries, teaching children about their importance in life and influence on oral health would not only minimize caries but make them healthy and happy.
Keywords: Dental caries, Decayed, Missed, and Filled Teeth, social network, social support
|How to cite this article:|
Sadhu VP, Anjum M D, Divya V, Tenali V, Sravya T, Jyothi M. Do social support and social network influence dental caries in 12–14-year-old schoolchildren of Hyderabad City? – A cross-sectional study. J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent 2020;18:204-9
|How to cite this URL:|
Sadhu VP, Anjum M D, Divya V, Tenali V, Sravya T, Jyothi M. Do social support and social network influence dental caries in 12–14-year-old schoolchildren of Hyderabad City? – A cross-sectional study. J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent [serial online] 2020 [cited 2022 Aug 18];18:204-9. Available from: https://www.jiaphd.org/text.asp?2020/18/3/204/298993
| Introduction|| |
Oral health plays a very pivotal role in shaping the general health of a person, and among the various problems associated with the oral health, dental caries occupies the first place. Of late, there is evidence that suggests that dental caries develops by a complex interaction of sociodemographic, behavioral, and environmental factors. This multifactorial nature of dental caries makes it highly prevalent in many parts of the world despite the advanced caries detection tools and treatment techniques. The inability to articulate the complex social processes and network of pathways between social structure and oral health has made researches analyzing the social determinants of oral health incomplete. The literature also has demonstrated well-established health benefits associated with social integration through life course challenges.
The WHO commission gave a conceptual framework, grouping the social determinants of health into structural and intermediary factors. Social support and social network were grouped under the intermediary psychosocial factors. Shumaker and Brownell defined social support as “an exchange of resources between at least two individuals perceived by the provider or the recipient to be intended to enhance the well-being of the recipient.” Social network is defined as a vehicle through which social support is provided. While social network is the structural aspect, social support forms the functional measure that could be “perceived” or “received.” It is necessary to assess both the structural and functional measures, as research supports that a mere count of people does not depict the true support, but the receiver's perception (perceived support) matters.
The target population for most studies that evaluated the role of social support and social network was adults, especially the sick, the psychologically disturbed, and those under stress. Studies on adolescents are sparse with mixed study results., There is a need for research work to be directed toward learning about social support in adolescents because children evolve in their thought process in adolescence and the slightest motivation about oral hygiene and its connection to psychosocial factors could minimize caries. Therefore, the present study was undertaken with the objective to study the influence of social support and network on dental caries among 12–14-year-old schoolchildren of Hyderabad city. Our null hypothesis was that social support and social network do not influence the dental caries.
| Methodology|| |
A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted on the school students of Hyderabad to investigate the influence of social support and social network on caries. The sample size was calculated as 970 taking a 35% prevalence (calculated from the pilot study), 5% error, and 95% confidence interval, using the formula – z2 pq/d2 (z = standard normal variate at 5% type 1 error, P = proportion in population based on pilot study, q = 1 − p, and d = absolute error). However, a sample of 1015 was taken to avoid problems with missing data in the questionnaires. Students were selected using a three-stage random sampling as depicted in [Flowchart 1] where initially schools were randomly selected from the 5 zones of Hyderabad – north, south, east, west, and central. In the second stage, classes 7th, 8th, and 9th were selected where the probability of finding the required age group is greater. The students were then recruited in the 3r d stage. An official letter was sent to the children's parents informing them about the need and details of the study and informed consent taken. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional review board (No. 557/6/COMD/SSCDS/IRB-E/2015). Schoolchildren within the age group of 12–14 years, willing to participate, and capable of understanding English or Telugu were included. Those who could not co-operate due to restricted mouth opening or students having problems in filling the questionnaire despite helping them were excluded. This was done to prevent the subjective assessment from being influenced (as the perceived social support was measured).
The questionnaire to be answered by the students was developed in English and Telugu for recording a few structural (socioeconomic status and demographics) and intermediary determinants (oral health behavior, psychosocial factors, and dental health system) under the WHO framework. Socioeconomic status was partially assessed through the type of school; demographics including gender and religion, oral health behavior through brushing frequency and sweet consumption in the previous week, psychosocial factors through social support and social network, and dental health system through the presence of previous dental treatment within school and time since the last dental visit were assessed. Social support was measured using “The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support” that was validated in the present study for content and face validity, and internal consistency was found to be 0.78 (Cronbach's α). The options for the 12 questions were rated on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from “strongly disagree” (score = 0) to “strongly agree” (score = 5). Information about social network was ascertained through two questions on the number of family members and friends available to support them. Caries “D” was recorded using “The Dentition Status and Treatment Needs pro forma 1997” and Decayed, Missed, and Filled Teeth(DMFT) (caries experience) also was calculated.
The data were subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 24 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 24.0 Armonk NY: IBM Corp.). The distribution of the outcome (D and DMFT) and psychosocial variables across all the demographics was analyzed using Z-test for continuous variables within two-group (for gender and type of school) and ANOVA for three-group (religion) comparisons followed by post hoc. Kruskal–Wallis was used for ordinal variables compared among three groups. Spearman's correlation between psychosocial factors and outcome variables and a regression analysis to predict the influence of all the independent variables on the two outcome variables (D and DMFT in two separate models) also were conducted.
| Results|| |
Family was the major source of support among the three sources assessed in the study, and the mean social support score was 4.10. It was found to vary significantly across different religions, with the Christian students having a greater score than the Hindu religion students.
The “social network of family” score varied significantly across gender (boys > girls) and the type of school (private school students > government school students). The “social network of friends” was significantly higher in boys and Hindu students. Almost half of the students had a good network of family and friends.
Both the outcome variables D and DMFT varied across religion and type of school, with Muslim and government school students having a higher number of carious teeth and caries experience. The mean D was 0.57 for the sample and mean DMFT 0.58 [Table 1].
|Table 1: Variation of psychosocial and outcome variables across the demographics|
Click here to view
Correlation between psychosocial factors and outcome variables. A significant correlation was found only between “social network of friends” and both the outcome variables [Table 2].
We dichotomized D (D = 0; D ≥ 1) and DMFT (DMFT = 0; DMFT ≥1) and conducted binary logistic regression in two separate models. Only “religion” and “sweet consumption in the previous week” predicted the outcome in both the models. Muslim students had 1.9 times greater odds of D ≥1 and 1.82 times greater odds of DMFT ≥1 than Hindu students. The odds of D ≥1 and DMFT ≥1 for students who ate sweets on all days in the previous week was 2.28 and 2.17 times, respectively, than those who did not consume sweets at all [Table 3] and [Table 4].
|Table 4: Binary logistic regression with variables predicting Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth ≥1|
Click here to view
None of the social factors predicted the outcome in either of the models. Although insignificant, students who did not brush regularly and who did not have a previous dental treatment at school had greater odds of caries and caries experience. Surprisingly, students who never visited a dentist had lesser odds of caries than those who had one.
| Discussion|| |
Dental caries is influenced by a multitude of factors among which we set out to determine the influence of social support and social network among 12–14-year-old schoolchildren.
Support from family (mean score = 4.31) was greatest in this study, contradictory to the study results of Bernabé et al., on Brazilian adolescents where the main source of support was obtained from “significant others,” possibly because of the cultural differences. The adolescents in Western countries are independent right from teenage, and most of them engage in relationships, thus deriving their support from this “significant other.” In contrast, teenagers in India are totally dependent on their parents until they start their livelihood, and hence, family is their strength.
Social support varied across religion, attributed to the growing connections between religion and culture evident in the society where cultural differences rooted in different cultural ideas about social groups exist.
The social network of both friends and family was significantly greater in boys than girls because during childhood, boys tend to gang together in larger groups although girls tend to develop more intimate interpersonal relationship than boys. Taylor et al. in their review on social support suggested that differences in social support and network exist across gender, owing to the biological differences between them in how they respond to stress.
The D and DMFT values, though not significant, were higher among girls. The caries risk factors for females include a different salivary composition and flow rate, hormonal fluctuations, dietary habits, genetic variations, and particular social roles among their family. Systemic diseases associated with caries have also been found to have an association with the female gender. A study by Sogi and Bhaskar showed higher caries experience in females, which was linked to earlier tooth eruption in females.
A greater percentage of students had a DMFT score of ≥1 in government schools than those in private schools that could be due to the poor socioeconomic status of government school students leading to difficulty in seeking the required dental care and negligence toward oral health. The results were alike in studies by Moses et al. where the caries pattern was linked to the poor oral hygiene practices in children of lower socioeconomic status.
A correlation analysis was initially done between the psychosocial factors and caries outcome followed by logistic regression with D and DMFT as the dependent variables in two models. Social network of friends was negatively correlated to both D and DMFT similar to a study by Bernabé et al., explained by the influence of social factors on caries through health-related behaviors, stress, and the emotional status of the individuals. None of the other social variables were found to be linked to caries in the regression analysis. This is in resemblance to the study results of Pattussi et al. in which they asserted that the other demographics and oral health behavioral variables could have confounded the results.
In both the regression models, only the religion and frequency of sweet consumption predicted the outcome. Children belonging to the Muslim religion had higher odds of caries and caries experience. For generations, India has a prevailing tradition of joint family system, which is still predominant among Muslims. Children in such families have numerous options apart from parents, to satisfy their taste buds. Moreover, the tendency to celebrate every small occasion is more likely with a bigger network of people around, thus contributing to caries due to frequent snacking.
People who consumed sweets in the previous week were at 1.28 times greater odds of having caries compared to those who did not consume sweets in the previous week. This is in the expected direction because sugar is a known etiological factor of dental caries, also supported by Antunes et al., whose study showed that children consuming sweets for at least once a day had greater odds of caries than those who did not or consumed sweets for less than once a day. Peres et al. and Nurelhuda et al. also reported that 12-year-old children who consumed sugary snacks more than 3 times per week were more likely to experience oral health impacts compared to their counterparts.
The finding of caries odds being greater in people with lesser brushing frequency is comparable to a study by Guptha et al. on 1600 schoolchildren in Jaipur, but Mahalakshmi et al. and Boka et al. could not find such relation, suggesting that proper brushing technique is equally important to achieve total deplaquing. The odds of caries was greater in children who had a previous dental visit compared to those who did not. A study by Beil et al. found children with earlier visits having higher DMFT than those who visited at later ages stressing that children who needed care because of known disease or pain were more likely to see a dentist early. The current study did not consider the reason for dental visit.
This study has a few limitations like the socioeconomic status not being completely addressed owing to the possibility of children providing incomplete data. This was, however, addressed partially by considering the type of school. There is also scope for information bias about children's memory about their frequency of consuming sweets in the past week or the duration since the last dental visit. Despite these limitations, our study has added valuable evidence on social support in the Indian context and setting. We recommend additional studies on similar lines that would better account for generalizability.
| Conclusion|| |
Although the influence of social variables on caries failed to be seen in this study, it is important to consider them because of the various direct and indirect pathways through which they are established to influence the oral health.
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
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Hoover SM, Lundby K. Rethinking Media, Religion and Culture. Thousand Oaks. United States: SAGE Publications inc.; 1997.
Belle D. Gender differences in the social moderators of stress. In: Barnett RC, Biener L, Baruch GK. Gender and Stress. New York: The Free Press; 1987.p. 257-77.
Taylor SE, Sherman DK, Kim HS, Jarcho J, Takagi K, Dunagan MS. Culture and social support: Who seeks it and why? J Pers Soc Psychol 2004;87:354-62.
Ferraro M, Vieira AR. Explaining gender differences in caries: A multifactorial approach to a multifactorial disease. Int J Dent 2010 Mar 16;2010.
Sogi G, Bhaskar DJ. Dental caries and oral hygiene status of 13-14 year old school children of Davangere. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2001;19:113-7.
Moses J, Rangeeth BN, Gurunathan D. Prevalence of dental caries, socio-economic status and treatment needs among school children. J Clin Diagn Res 2011;5:146-51.
Antunes JL, Peres MA, de Campos Mello TR, Waldman EA. Multilevel assessment of determinants of dental caries experience in Brazil. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2006;34:146-52.
Peres MA, de Oliveira Latorre Mdo R, Sheiham A, Peres KG, Barros FC, Hernandez PG, et al
. Social and biological early life influences on severity of dental caries in children aged 6 years. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2005;33:53-63.
Nurelhuda NM, Ahmed MF, Trovik TA, Šstrøm AN. Evaluation of oral health-related quality of life among Sudanese schoolchildren using Child-OIDP inventory. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2010;8:152.
Guptha R, Gaur KL, Sharma AK, Zafer S, Kewalramani S. Comparison of associating factors of dental caries in urban and rural children in Jaipur, India. IOSR-JDMS 2013;9:55-60.
Mahalakshmi Y, Sequeira PS, Soben P. Estimation and comparison of significant caries index and the pattern of sugar consumption among 12-year-old school going children of two different socioeconomic strata. Indian J Dent Res 2004;15:20-3.
Boka V, Trikaliotis A, Kotsanos N
and Karagiannis V. Dental caries and oral health-related factors in a sample of Greek pre-school children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2013;14:363-8.
Beil H, Rozier RG, Preisser JS, Stearns SC, Lee JY. Effect of early preventive dental visits on subsequent dental treatment and expenditures. Med Care 2012;50:749-56.
[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3], [Table 4] | <urn:uuid:952e4d9c-abd9-42ff-bbc2-9669d191b349> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jiaphd.org/article.asp?issn=2319-5932;year=2020;volume=18;issue=3;spage=204;epage=209;aulast=Sadhu | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.939296 | 5,281 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Stories Jesus told
One of Jesus' most famous stories is 'The Parable of the Good Samaritan'. A parable is a story that has a special meaning behind it.
This story answers a big question Jesus was asked: Who should we help?
A Jewish man set off on a journey. He was walking a lonely mountain road from the city of Jerusalem to Jericho..
Suddenly, he was attacked by robbers. They stole what he had and left him badly hurt by the roadside.
A priest came along the road. He saw the man - but instead of helping, quickly crossed over to the other side.
Another highly religious man - a Levite - saw the man. He went closer to inspect - but also walked away.
Next came a man from another country, Samaria. The Samaritans did not get on with the Jews. But when he saw the man was close to death, he stopped, bandaged the man's wounds, put him on his horse and took him to the nearest town.
He took him to an inn, where he paid generously for the man's care. He promised to come back in a few days to check on how the man was doing. | <urn:uuid:3919b809-4e4d-4359-8287-3fb9b21319d8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://request.org.uk/resource/restart/2014/07/24/the-good-samaritan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.991647 | 245 | 3.15625 | 3 |
CHEAPEST UMRAH PACKAGES FROM LONDON
Umrah is a Sunnah act performed at any time of the year except for the days of Hajj.
In a hadith found in the book of Ibn-e-Maajah, Beloved Prophet MUHAMMAD (PBUH) said:
“The performers of Hajj and Umrah are deputations of ALLAH. If they call Him, He answers them and if they seek His forgiveness, He forgives them.”
In another hadith, Beloved Prophet MUHAMMAD (PBUH) said:
One Umrah is expiation for the sins committed between it and another Umrah. (Bukhari, Muslim)
The act of Umrah is known to cleanse one’s soul from past committed sins. It is advised to do Umrah more than once in your lifetime so that it can act as a washing of the sins from the last time one performed Umrah. Abu Hurairah (R) narrates that the Prophet MUHAMMAD (PBUH) said:
‘An Umrah to another Umrah will be redemption of sins for whatever (minor) occurs between them.’ (Bukhari, Muslim).
Performing Umrah also protects one from poverty since they are there solely for the sake of ALLAH spending their wealth and time in completing the deed. Ibn-e-Masood (R) said that the Prophet MUHAMMAD (PBUH) said:
In the blessed month of Ramadan, the reward of performing Umrah is equal to that of performing Hajj.On many different occasions, the Prophet MUHAMMAD (PBUH) has told his companions that performing Umrah in the blessed month of Ramadan has rewards which are equal to performing Hajj.
This is considered the first step for any pilgrim wishing to perform Umrah. Men and women going on hajj adhere to a specific dress IHRAM. Men wear unstitched white garments, while women wear normal stitched clothes and a headscarf. Women are forbidden however from wearing the hijab.
Upon arrival to Makkah Pilgrims should make Tawaf. It is considered an integral part of the pilgrimage, and refers to the seven times pilgrims circle around the Kaaba at the beginning, and at the end of Umrah.
is a partial shortening of the hair typically reserved for women who cut a minimum of one inch hair. A man is a complete shave of the head. The head shaving is reserved until the end of Umrah.
https://www.cheapesthajjandumrahpackages.co.uk/ providing 5 star VIP Umrah packages. We offer you 5 star Umrah packages, 4 star Umrah packages and 3 star Umrah packages at cheapest price.
If you want the best and cheapest Umrah packages, then https://www.cheapesthajjandumrahpackages.co.uk/ should be your first choice.We offering best Umrah package deals with comfortable prices to our valued customers. We offer a extensive range of flights for Umrah from excellent airlines, hotel and multiple travel services.
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We have different Umrah packages available. | <urn:uuid:eec32305-1d16-4f9c-b8b7-802e4115114e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cheapesthajjandumrahpackages.co.uk/cheapest-umrah-packages-from-london/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.922148 | 699 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Many people base their salvation upon a thread of Scriptures pertaining to “faith-only” and usually tie it together with the present account in Luke 23.39-43, the thief on the cross. Usually, their contention is that the thief was saved because of his faith and accepted Jesus as his personal Savior. Therefore, all a person needs to do today to be saved is put their faith in Jesus. Unfortunately, this one example of a man saved under the old covenant just prior to the death of Jesus does not square with what Scripture says about salvation under the new covenant. Nor is it consistent with every example of a person being saved by the apostolic preaching. Therefore, a person desiring to know what they must do to be saved (a common question in the New Testament book of Acts also authored by Luke) must look elsewhere for that answer.
Why then does Luke include this unique incident of a contrite criminal? To confuse millions of Bible readers about how one obtains salvation? Nay, verily. Instead, Luke includes this incident to make a striking contrast. Those who are reviling Him, be it the Jewish authorities, the Roman soldiers, or the other criminal are calling on Jesus to “save himself” (v.35, 37, 39). It seems Luke highlights the fact that the cross is for the salvation of others, indeed, all of mankind (A theme of Luke’s; cf. 1.79; 2.31-32 7.1-10, esp.v.9). Further, Jesus is fulfilling His mission in providing salvation through the cross from the emarginated in society, even the prisoners and ciminals (cf. 1.52; 4.18-19; 7.22-23). This passage was not written to explain to people what they must do to be saved; it is written to show that Jesus never lost sight of the mission of Messiah even during the agony of the crucifixion.
All the voices are yelling, “Save yourself.” That’s not the point. The point is that Jesus through His substitutionary death on the cross is saving others. Even in this moment of His greatest weakness, as it were, He is accomplishing His greatest work: salvation for all mankind.
Many believe that both of the criminals began their final moments on their respective crosses by railing at the Son of God, joining in with the rest of those who mocked Jesus. This much can be gleaned from the parallel accounts (Matt 27.44; Mark 15.32). However, Luke records that one of the thieves had a change of heart, repentance. Key figures in church history such as Athanasius, Origen, Hilary, Chrysostrom, Theophylact, and Euthymius have held much the same view. Both of these thieves had crucified near Jesus, presumably equidistant and therefore were equally near Jesus. Both no doubt heard Jesus’ various sayings and had beheld His unjust suffering those six hours on the cross. Both were wicked men in need of salvation. Both were suffering acute pain and quickly approaching death. Both had equal opportunity to respond to the Messiah. Yet only one has a change of heart.
The one criminal is railing at Jesus, heaping up further insults on the Son of God. The tense of this verb indicates that this is something he kept on doing, as if he were continuing his activities which began at the first on the cross. The word itself is a form of the word for which we get “blasphemy.” This gives us an idea of the insults and slander which this man was speaking to Jesus. Part of the blasphemy is recorded by Luke: “Are you not the Christ?” This is a rhetorical question, the criminal expecting an affirmative answer. Of course you are the Christ and therefore you should be able to save yourself and us.
“But the other rebuked him.” In this action, we see this criminal’s repentance which will be dealt with more in detail in a moment. But he rebukes his fellow criminal: “Do you not fear God?” God, the just judge; shortly these men will stand before the throne of God and give an account for what they have done. It is interesting that the thief then says their punishment is them “receiving the due reward of our deeds.” In other words, this is justice, which the thief says in v.41. Hence, he connects God and justice in nearly the same breath. God is a God of justice, pouring out His judgment on nations in history and at the end will justly judge each man. This criminal says it is God’s justice that they hang on their crosses, but Jesus is different: He “has done nothing wrong.” Here is a critical theological point: as Jesus hangs on the cross, the One who knew no sin becomes sin on our behalf (2 Cor 5.21). He is taking upon Himself the just judgment of God. In other words, God is justly judging our sins, meting out in due measure His wrath, punishing our sins through the vicarious sacrifice of Jesus.
There are a number of reasons put forth by scholars as to why this criminal did repent. J. C. Ryle in his Expository Thoughts on the Gospels lists several of the reasons scholarship has put forth as to why this was: “Some say, as Bengel, that he was a Gentile; and some as Scott, that he was a Jew. – Some thin, as Suarez, that he had heard our Lord preach, and seen Him work miracles at some former period. – Some think, as Euthymius, that he had heard our Lord’s answers to Pilate, and been struck by them and so learned to believe in our Lord’s kingdom. – Some think, as Stier, that he was struck by the title put over our Lord’s head on the cross. – Some think, as Theophylact, that he was pricked to the heart by hearing our Lord’s prayer for His enemies, and by seeing our Lord’s patience under suffering.” Ryle accurately notes: “All these are purely conjectural ideas.” Luke records precious little concerning what they dying man thinks of Jesus and why he repents. But it would seem to be based upon his knowledge of the innocent man hanging before him that he makes a request.
What did this criminal know about Jesus? The criminal knows Jesus’ identity. “Jesus.” The name itself means “salvation.” And here is a criminal, nearing death, conscious of need for freedom from the great sins on his record and he turns to Jesus for salvation. This implies this man was familiar with the fact that Jesus could do something about his sins. Perhaps word had even reached the ears of this criminal that there is a man who forgives sins: Jesus of Nazareth.Some later manuscripts add the word “Lord” after “Jesus” but this seems to be an interpolation added later. The criminal knows Jesus’ intelligence. “Remember me” is the criminal’s plea. This implies this man is aware of Jesus ability to grant him divine favor, even the favor of a just God. He also seems to have some idea that Jesus will know him in the after and identify as a person who died in faith. The criminal knows Jesus’ instruction. “Your kingdom,” that is Jesus’ kingdom. Now it could be argued that the criminal knew Jesus had claimed to be a king because on a placard above the cross was written “Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews” in three languages. But inferred is the man’s knowledge of the Messianic kingdom and Jesus coming “into” His kingdom, that is His rule and reign as the church’s cosmic sovereign ruler. Implied also is the Lordship of Jesus, ruling over His kingdom. Again, perhaps word of the Messiah has reached the ears of this criminal and kingdom thoughts have been planted as seeds finally sprouting vines of faith.
Because of the faith this criminal manifests, Jesus has a rewarding declaration for him: “Truly, I say to you, today you will be with me in Paradise.” Truly” is “amen” in the Greek. “So be it.” “You” is emphatic; “you, even you.” “Today” for some reason is tricky with many scholars but means, simply, “today.” Not tomorrow, next week, or two thousand years yet future from when Jesus spoke these words. “Before the sun yet scorching the their tortured bodies set” (Pulpit). “Paradise” – This is the only occasion Jesus speaks of the resting place for the righteous in this language. It conjured up, for the Jews, thoughts of perfect Eden before the fall and “Abraham’s bosom” which we have seen Jesus use earlier in Luke (16.22). It probably refers to the place where God dwells (see 2 Cor 12.4) but if nothing else, it points to a splendid place of bliss and the pleasure of fellowship with God.
Again, this is not an account to point to establish doctrine concerning salvation for people under the new covenant. Luke deals with that in his next volume Acts. What we should take away from this account is that indeed Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God and has the ability to forgive sins, something we have seen Him do earlier in Luke (5.20; 7.48). Here is a pentient criminal whom Jesus uses to once more demonstrate His authority and power. | <urn:uuid:6c2cd277-1f43-451f-ad7f-ada2a3e93c68> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lifefromthepulpit.wordpress.com/2010/05/25/the-crucifixion-pt-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.976625 | 2,059 | 1.921875 | 2 |
What do you put in geocache box?
There are just a few essentials you’ll want to bring along on your geocaching adventures. A pencil for taking notes and signing the log when you find the box, your phone or other device for GPS tracking, and inexpensive treasures to leave in the box are really all you need.
How do you make a geocache box?
Here is a step by step guide on making a geocache.
- Try Finding Geocaches First.
- Read the Guidelines.
- Decide on a Location for Your Cache.
- Double Check the Location.
- Choose Your Container.
- Make Your Cache!
- -Log book – this can be a small notebook or a roll of paper depending on the size of your cache.
- Camouflage Your Cache.
What do you put in a small geocache?
It should be small enough to fit inside the geocache, but it has to represent you as an individual….14 Trinkets You Can Put In A Geocache
- 3 3.
- 4 4. Coins.
- 5 5. Jewelry.
- 6 6. Disposable Rain Ponchos.
- 7 7. Kid’s Meal Toys.
- 8 8. Keychains.
- 9 9. Trading Stones.
- 10 10. Small Compasses.
How do you hide things on geocaching?
How to hide your first geocache
- Find at least 20 caches. Variety is the spice of geocaching.
- Read the guidelines.
- Take the hider quiz.
- Choose a great location.
- Choose a great container.
- Set it up!
- Communicate with your reviewer.
- Maintain your geocache.
Are geocaches buried?
Caches cannot be buried – except with permission In general, this is still the case, unless you get explicit permission from the property owner. See the Regional Geocaching Policies Wiki for details in your region.
What are geo boxes?
A geocache is usually a small box or item hidden on public or private land, usually with a logbook and trinket. coordinates. Noun. a set of numbers giving the precise location of a point, often its latitude and longitude.
What are some cool ideas for geocache hides?
Cool geocache container ideas and unique hides. You may also want to check out my new board dedicated to creative micro caches; small geocache ideas will now… You’ve seen bottle top geocaches. This takes it to a new level! A cool variation on the “bunch of micros in a container but only one contains the log” idea. Have an old camera lying around?
What is geocaching and how does it work?
Geocaching is a great way to pass the time and explore new places while on vacation. They come in a variety of sizes, but those who have gone before, understand the value of trinkets. If a geocache is large enough, it holds a piece of paper, possibly a pencil, and some small objects.
What should you leave behind when geocaching?
These are some ideas for what to leave behind! Geocaching is a great way to pass the time and explore new places while on vacation. They come in a variety of sizes, but those who have gone before, understand the value of trinkets. If a geocache is large enough, it holds a piece of paper, possibly a pencil, and some small objects.
What is inside a geocache?
If a geocache is large enough, it holds a piece of paper, possibly a pencil, and some small objects. These objects can be anything, but if you want to take one of them, then you have to be sure to leave something behind. | <urn:uuid:c402614c-a4bc-4b0c-985e-5dc9d022bafe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ufoscience.org/what-do-you-put-in-geocache-box/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.871451 | 818 | 2.171875 | 2 |
The working principle of thermocouple
When there are two different conductors or semiconductors A and B forming a loop, the two ends of which are connected to each other, as long as the temperatures at the two junctions are different. The temperature at one end is T, called the working end or hot end, and the temperature at the other end is T0, called the free end (also called the reference end) or cold end. An electromotive force will be generated in the loop. The direction and magnitude of the electromotive force are related to the material of the conductor and the temperature of the two junctions. This phenomenon is called "thermoelectric effect", and the loop composed of two conductors is called "thermocouple". These two conductors are called "thermoelectrodes", and the electromotive force generated is called "thermoelectromotive force".
The thermoelectromotive force consists of two parts of electromotive force, one part is the contact electromotive force of two conductors, and the other part is the thermoelectromotive force of a single conductor.
The size of the thermoelectromotive force in the thermocouple loop is only related to the temperature of the conductor material and the two junctions that make up the thermocouple, and has nothing to do with the shape and size of the thermocouple. When the two electrode materials of the thermocouple are fixed, the thermoelectromotive force is the difference of the function of the two junction temperature t and t0.
This relationship has been widely used in actual temperature measurement. Because the cold junction t0 is constant, the thermoelectromotive force generated by the thermocouple only changes with the temperature of the hot junction (measurement end), that is, a certain thermoelectromotive force corresponds to a certain temperature. We can achieve the purpose of temperature measurement as long as we use the method of measuring thermoelectromotive force.
The basic principle of thermocouple temperature measurement is that two conductors of different components form a closed loop. When there is a temperature gradient at both ends, there will be current passing through the loop. At this time, there is an electromotive force-thermoelectromotive force between the two ends, which is the so-called Seebeck effect. Two homogeneous conductors with different components are thermoelectrodes, the end with a higher temperature is the working end, the end with a lower temperature is the free end, and the free end is usually at a certain constant temperature. According to the functional relationship between thermoelectromotive force and temperature, a thermocouple index table is made;
The index table is obtained when the free end temperature is at 0℃, and different thermocouples have different index tables.
When the third metal material is connected in the thermocouple circuit, as long as the temperature of the two junctions of the material is the same, the thermoelectric potential generated by the thermocouple will remain unchanged. That is, it is not affected by the access of the third metal in the loop. Therefore, when the thermocouple measures the temperature, the measuring instrument can be connected, and the temperature of the measured medium can be known after the thermoelectromotive force is measured. When the thermocouple measures the temperature, the temperature of its cold junction (the measuring end is the hot end, and the end connected to the measurement circuit through the lead is called the cold junction) is required to maintain the same temperature. Its thermoelectric potential is proportional to the measured temperature. If the (environment) temperature of the cold junction changes during measurement, it will seriously affect the accuracy of the measurement. Take certain measures to compensate at the cold junction, and the influence caused by the temperature change of the cold junction is called the cold junction compensation of the thermocouple is normal. Dedicated compensation wire for connection with measuring instrument.
Calculation method of thermocouple cold junction compensation:
From millivolt to temperature: Measure the cold junction temperature, convert it to the corresponding millivolt value, add it to the millivolt value of the thermocouple, and calculate the temperature;
From temperature to millivolt: Measure the actual temperature of the cold end temperature, respectively, in terms of millivolts, after subtracting the values derived mV, to obtain the temperature. | <urn:uuid:cfbe1df1-f80c-4fdd-b1a5-7916abc9976d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ntcsensors.com/China_wholesale_thermocouple_supplier/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.928563 | 932 | 4.5 | 4 |
The Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety (INRASTES) is the largest Institute of the National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos” (NCSR “D”) in terms of infrastructure and the second largest in terms of number of personnel. INRASTES is a multidisciplinary research Institution pursuing basic, translational and applied research to address challenges of great scientific and socioeconomic impact in a broad spectrum of scientific and technological fields. With its highly qualified staff and large scale, unique nationwide facilities, INRASTES satisfies the necessary conditions and possesses the potential to achieve critical masses and direct synergies among the various labs and research groups under wide thematic areas creating significant growth prospects and bringing clear socio-economic benefits.
The Environmental Research Laboratory (EREL) of INRASTES is an established RTO combining complementary expertise in atmospheric research and environmental decision support systems with important research potential (awarded the largest FP7-REGPOT ENTEC for climate research and coordinating the H2020 project EU-CIRCLE). EREL follows an integrated R&D approach to environment and climate, contributing to environmental protection and sustainable development in regional and global terms. R&D in climate change and regional models, dynamical downscaling, prognostic – diagnostic meteorology and data assimilation, CFD modelling, decision support systems, dispersion of air pollutants, air quality, atmospheric aerosol and heavy metal pollution, integrated with advanced risk analysis and impact assessments are subjects of major research focus.
EREL has developed unparalleled in Greece expertise on the provision of climate services for the infrastructures, maritime sectors and disaster management through numerous RTD projects and participations in international fora. Additionally, the in-house seasonal forecasting models with a spatial resolution of 5km, generated on a biweekly basis, and the dynamic downscaling of climate projections on 5km are unique products of the lab. EREL has documented expertise in impact assessment models and tools for infrastructures. The team is actively involved in publishing economic and societal impacts of climate change.
Indicative R&D activities related to Climate Modelling studies:
• Global-Regional Climate Air Pollution Modeling System
• Regional Climate Model
• Short term Climatology Prediction Model (3-6 months)
• Statistical & dynamical Downscaling
• Environmental Impact Assessment of Extreme Events and Climate Change on:
– Society & Economy (tourism, agriculture)
– Energy Sector
– Assessment of extreme events (fires, floods, etc)
– Mitigation / Adaptation and Disaster Reduction
– Risk and Safety Analysis of Complex Systems
Coordination and participation in EU and national projects relative to XENIOS.
• H2020 EU-CIRCLE: Pan-European framework for strengthening Critical Infrastructure resilience to climate change (H2020 – 653824 http://www.eu-circle.eu/), 2015-2018
• ERANET-Cofund action: ERA4CS- ERANET for Climate Services, Grant Agreement: N° 690462, Appointed Member in the In-Kind Management Board Committee, 2016-2020
• BigDataEurope “Integrating Big Data, Software and Communities for Addressing Europe’s Societal Challenges” ICT-15-2014. Grant Agreement no: 644564, 2014-2016
• IMAGES: Implementation of an RN emergency system in Eastern Mediterranean (HOME/2011/ISEC/AG/CBRN/4000002163), 2012-2015
• REGPOT ENTEC- Enhancing the Capacity for Environmental Technology and Climate Research, FP7- Coordination and support actions (Supporting), Grant Agreement nu: 316173, 2013-2015
• ARGOS: Advanced pRotection of critical buidinGs by Overall anticipating System (FP7 313217) 1/1/2014-31/12/2015
• ACRITAS: Advanced Coordination CenteR Information Technologies & Applications for Border Surveillance (GSRT Cooperation 11SYN_9_121) – 1/1/2014-30/10/2015
• Climate Change Impact Study of climate change and atmospheric pollution in Greece: evaluation of their impact on environmental and socio-economic future changes at local scale (GSRT, 09-SYN31-667, 2011-2014)
• CONOPS: Development & Demonstration of management plans against the climate change enhanced-invasive mosquitoes in S. Europe (EUROPEAN COMMISSION ENVIRONMENT/LIFE), 2013-2017
• COST Action “Earth System Science and Environmental Management; COST Action ES1102, 2011-2015.
• PERL – Enhancing the Research Potential of the NCSR “Demokritos” Environmental Research Laboratory in the European, National and Regional Research Areas, FP7 Coordination and support action, Grand Agreement no 229773 (2009-2012)
• AEOLOS Assessment of Impact of SF6 and PFCs Reservoir Tracers On Global Warming (EC ENK6-CT-2001-00501) (1/11/2001-31/10/2004)
• BOND Biogenic Aerosols and Air Quality in the Mediterranean Area (EC EVK2-CT-2001-00107) (1/11/2001-31/10/2004)
• OSCAR – Optimised Expert System for Conducting Environmental Assessment of Urban Road Traffic (EVK4-CT-2002-00083), 2002-2005
• ΕΠΑΝ-Μ4.3 Improving Urban Air Quality Through Traffic Interventions (Greek-Romanian S+T cooperation), GSRT, 2000-2002
• IMPRESAREO- Improving the spatial resolution of air emission inventories using earth observation data (EC ENV4-CT98-0752) (1/11/98- 31/7/2001)
• ΓΓΕΤ 97ΕΛ-77 Representation of advanced prediction methods for atmospheric quality in areas with complex topography and geometry of buildings and traffic roads (Grant for Expatriated Greek Researchers) (2/1/1999-31/12/2001)
High Performace Computer Cluster with 96 nodes equipped with 32GB of RAM each (total of 3TB of RAM) and intel XEON E3 CPUs with 45.5 TFlops theoretical performance in single precision calculations. | <urn:uuid:3e652030-7a67-43f7-a976-c1b67361b8ed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://xenios-project.eu/en/demokritos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.786316 | 1,362 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Is Acrylic Paint Safe For Guinea Pigs. Paint your tank outside or preferably in a garage. They’re unpleasant to most people.
She is the author of a book about guinea pig care and has also written for horse illustrated and feline wellness. Acrylic paint is not toxic at all to humans, but is it harmful to piggies? Lay down a drop cloth to cover your work area with a generous perimeter added to the space.
Table of Contents
The Other Two Cartoons Are 10X8, Mounted At 12X10.
She is the author of a book about guinea pig care and has also written for horse illustrated and feline wellness. 1) yes, you can use kiln dried pine. For those who may not know, acrylic paint had no smell and absolutely no fumes at all!
For The Ikea Lack Table, I Would Not Recommend To Put Them Where Your Pigs Can Get To.
Yes, you certainly could use acrylic to improve some of the equipment you use for your birds. Acrylic paint is not toxic at all to humans, but is it harmful to piggies? Guinea pigs need a lot of space to live, eat and to exercise.
It Is Can Be Used Both Indoor And Outdoor Use And Is Suitable For Painting All Manner Of Surfaces Including Wood, Metal And Masonry.
Acrylic paints are safe overall since they are water based. These paints are the highest rated for resistance and are self priming and low voc. Acrylic art & painting guide.
The Painted Area Is Really Small.
Perfect illustrations for a child's bedroom or living room wall. Marine grade paints for boats is also an option. 33 beginners how to draw a guinea pig;
This Means It Is Ideal For A Variety Of Pet Dwellings Including Kennels, Hutches, Coops, Aviaries.
4 types of guinea pig cages. March 13, 2021 by acrylic art house. 28 is the smell of paint bad for guinea pigs? | <urn:uuid:e17b9142-36f7-4cb1-9eec-d9979ad1c05c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://safecsgoskins.com/is-acrylic-paint-safe-for-guinea-pigs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.94727 | 414 | 2.125 | 2 |
This is particularly the case for older women who are more likely to live longer than their spouses. Older people’s social networks often get smaller as their children and grandchildren move away, and aging siblings and friends die.
From its inauguration in 1997, the Soroptimist Club Sofia Boyana has worked to ‘Give a hand’ to the women of the Happy Home Hospice (Хоспис Щастливият Дом) in Knyajevo on the outskirts of Sofia.
Initially, Club members organised social activities, such as knitting and gardening, or arranged Christmas and Easter festivities to give the residents much-needed face-to-face contact. Happy Home residents have also been taken on excursions to concerts, the theatre or for rose picking in Kasanlak. They also invited them to visit the 10th century Rila Monastery, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The club’s involvement now includes supplying the Home with books, clothes, furniture, medicine and medical equipment. With financial support from the Soroptimist Union of Switzerland and SI Club Lugano, larger-scale projects have also been realised. For example, the kitchens have been upgraded, and new washing machines have been installed.
see more about this project | <urn:uuid:86b48f07-91f7-456d-b037-5da29ca65778> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.soroptimisteurope.org/country/bulgaria/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.958909 | 275 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Posting business data across multiple systems is beneficial for corporations of all types. Clean insights can help develop new products and services, improve services, and increase income. Using the data of different companies and tactical partners can improve the provider’s performance in several ways. While there will be risks associated with business information sharing, there are plenty of benefits. Discussing explore a few of them. Listed below are five ways business data posting can benefit your business. Let’s start with the most important kinds.
Digital data sharing enables read-only, editable, and concealed data sharing. It ensures that the right people have access to the details while maintaining control over its reliability. It also ensures compliance and creates new opportunities. Applying digital systems will help your business stay compliant, secure, and observe after control over the information. And because info sharing can be so convenient, it’s not hard to implement. Businesses should embrace it. It can help them engage in more translucent decision making. www.canetec.com.br
Simply by sharing organization data, organizations can boost sales and efficiency. Business data posting software supports stable organization communications, ensures secure peer to peer, and helps companies track project status. It also provides easy access to the necessary files. Using business info room software program will help you show and manage your data better. It will help one to save time and money on posting your data. Moreover, you’ll benefit from the high level of information security . In addition , you can trust the program.
Data space is a high-profile data posting mechanism. The details Governance Act of the Eu proposes info spaces for key industries. This will likely enable more companies to share business info while maintaining control over data owners. This will help the European economy remain competitive in a global economy. There are many challenges associated with the sharing of business info. However , through the right way, the benefits of organization data writing can be tremendous. All of them are worth considering.
G8CC software offers businesses the capability to generate the value of info and produce representational links between sources. It also allows businesses develop valuable insights from their organization data by looking into making data accessible. Small businesses can begin the process of business data sharing with this application by using it. This kind of software can help small and medium-sized businesses start off the transformation process. It empowers them with the right equipment to unlock the value of all their data and make wiser business decisions.
Businesses count on vendors for their data, but these vendors will be gatekeepers, determining how then when they provide the details back to the manufacturers. Using email to share files is not really secure and easily changes not having governance. Manually generating data also poses a problem with quality and timing. However , Snowflake easily simplifies data sharing for businesses. Assuming you have any problems about the key benefits of Snowflake, twenty-four hours a day ask . You will be glad you did. | <urn:uuid:c314c6a7-5a5d-4f4c-b9ff-e0e1f87b816a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://certika-bolivia.com/your-five-ways-organization-data-posting-can-benefit-your-enterprise/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.9252 | 604 | 1.796875 | 2 |
The Dogslife Project
The Dogslife project investigates the genetic and environmental factors which keep dogs healthy.
Background and aims
At present, large and rigorous population-based studies of dog health have not been performed. Reports of factors which might be associated with the risks of disease are either largely anecdotal or based on specialist veterinarians or insurance data, and are thus imprecise and subject to inaccuracies. Furthermore most of these studies are cross-sectional and do not follow dogs for long periods of time – as we know, problems can occur at any point in the clinical, lifestyle, environment, diet or reproductive history of individuals. Perhaps more importantly the frequencies of the most common veterinary presentations, such as vomiting, diarrhoea, respiratory tract infection and parasite infestation are impossible to calculate from studies utilising secondary referral centres, as these conditions are normally treated at the primary practices or at home. The Dogslife project aims to recruit and survey a cohort of Labrador Retrievers to investigate what the true frequencies of disease are in a large population of dogs and to discover genetic and environmental factors associated with health and longevity.
The Dogslife project is a revolutionary clinical research project which aims to recruit information about canine health using a website based platform to study the factors which affect the health and illness (epidemiology) of domestic dogs. The project is a collaboration between The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies at the University of Edinburgh, Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research at the University of Manchester, Faculty of Veterinary Science at the University of Liverpool and The Kennel Club. Labrador Retriever dog owners are encouraged to enrol onto the project through advertisement when they register their puppy with the Kennel Club. Subsequently, owners are requested to submit further information on their dog's health on a monthly basis for the first year (and three-monthly thereafter) of their dog's life using a web-based data capture system; the "Dogslife" website and via sending us postal samples. The data collected is provided through owner description of symptoms and other aspects of the dog's life, veterinary diagnosis and analysis of DNA and faecal samples sent to us.
We have been involved in many collaborations with other research groups including the Golden Retriever Lifetime Study (GRLS), Generation Pup, the Kennel Club, the Dogs Trust, The Small Animal Veterinary Surveillance Network (SAVSNET), Banfield, Vet Compass, GOdogs and Dr Jeffrey Schoenebeck’s and Professor Ian Jackson’s research groups at the University of Edinburgh.
Woolley CSC, Handel IG, Bronsvoort BM, Schoenebeck JJ, Clements DN. (2020) Is it time to stop sweeping data cleaning under the carpet? A novel algorithm for outlier management in growth data. PLoS ONE 15(1): e0228154. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228154
Pugh CA, Bronsvoort BMC, Handel IG, Querry D, Rose E, Summers KM, Clements DN. (2017) Incidence rates and risk factor analyses for owner reported vomiting and diarrhoea in Labrador Retrievers - findings from the Dogslife Cohort. Prev Vet Med 140:19-29. doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.02.014
Pugh CA, de C Bronsvoort BM, Handel IG, Querry D, Rose E, Summers K, Clements DN. (2016) Cumulative incidence and risk factors for limber tail in the Dogslife labrador retriever cohort. Vet Rec. 179(11):275. doi:10.1136/vr.103729
Pugh CA, Bronsvoort BM, Handel IG, Summers KM, Clements DN. (2015) Dogslife: A cohort study of Labrador Retrievers in the UK. Prev Vet Med. 122(4):426-35. doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.06.020.
Pugh CA, Summers KM, Bronsvoort BM, Handel IG, Clements DN. (2015) Validity of Internet-based longitudinal study data: the elephant in the virtual room. J Med Internet Res. 7(4):e96. doi:10.2196/jmir.3530
Clements DN, Handel IG, Rose E, Querry D, Pugh CA, Ollier WE, Morgan KL, Kennedy LJ, Sampson J, Summers KM, de Bronsvoort BM. (2013) Dogslife: a web-based longitudinal study of Labrador Retriever health in the UK. BMC Vet Res. 9:13. doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-13. | <urn:uuid:52b4e0af-9bda-404f-bd26-48e95e7804b2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ed.ac.uk/roslin/eeragroup/research/dogslife | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.83437 | 1,003 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Today’s Feature Friday spotlights one of our retail partners in Michigan: Manno Clothing. A second-generation family business, Manno has been serving the people of Dearborn for over forty years. The shop started in a small 20’x20’ room in the 1970s. Although the store is now approximately ten times its original size, it has not drifted from its original values: “individual service and attention to detail”. Manno is staffed by five European tailors with over two hundred years of combined experience. In addition to offering a wide selection of men’s clothing, the store hosts quarterly trunk shows for women’s apparel.
Dearborn is part of the Detroit metropolitan area. The city, which was first settled shortly after the Revolutionary War, is known for its ties to the automotive industry. Dearborn was the home of Henry Ford and is the headquarters for the Ford Motor Company. The city also houses the Henry Ford museum, which is the most popular tourist attraction in the Detroit metro area. | <urn:uuid:548a2fec-a3d5-41a1-adba-10505691b937> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dapperclassics.wordpress.com/2014/03/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.975915 | 212 | 1.695313 | 2 |
LivePhysics.com is dedicated to physics, science, space and technology news. Latest research breakthroughs and innovations, science advances and scientific discussion forum. We continuously update our contents to provide worked physics problems and examples, organized by topic to provide free physics related homework help to students.
For students to develop the abilities that characterize science as inquiry, they must actively participate in scientific investigations, and they must actually use the cognitive and manipulative skills associated with the formulation of scientific explanations. We hope worked physics problems we provide in our site will help to easily understand the basic concepts of solving physics problems. Also we have created dynamic physics tools, which help you to find the answerer for many physics related problems.
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LivePhysics.Com is all at once:
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Each animation comes together with scientific background behind the animation and guidelines allowing the students to review the key functionality illustrated by the animation.
The Sound of Earthsong
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Rare Type 1a Supernova Progenitor System Observed
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We take a look at mysterious dark matter - and a chocolate pie.77yXhAibQp4
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2012 Perseid Meteor Shower
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Projectile Motion – Fired at ground level
A football is kicked with an initial velocity of 25 m/s at an angle of 45-degrees with the horizontal. Determine the time of flight, the horizontal displacement, and the peak height of the football .....
Projectile Motion – Pool ball leaves the table with initial horizontal velocity
A pool ball leaves a 0.20-meter high table with an initial horizontal velocity of 2.4 m/s. Predict the time required for the pool ball to fall to the ground and the horizontal distance between the tab...
Force on a batted ball – Impulse
A baseball (m = 0.14 kg) thrown by a pitcher reaches a bat with a velocity of 32.0 m/s in a horizontal direction.
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Average impact force between and airliner and a bird
Estimate the average impact force between an airliner traveling at 260 m/s and with a 0.3 kg bird whose length is 20 cm?The change in velocity of the bird is estimated to be 260 m/s
Find Earth angular momentum
Find Earth angular momentum using Earth-Sun distance and mass of Earth?
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Find speed of a satellite placed at geostationary orbit
A 270 kg communication satellite is placed in a geostationary orbit 35,780 km above a relay Earth ground level. What is the speed of the satellite in orbit?
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Momentum in classical mechanics
If an object is moving in any reference frame, then it has momentum in that frame.The amount of momentum that an object has depends on two physical quantities: th...
Newtons second law of motion
Newton's second law: Law of Motion
The rate of change of momentum of a body is equal to the resultant force acting on the body and is in the same direction.
Newton's second law as originally state...
Point kinetics in a fixed coordinate system
DefinitioThe position the velocity and the acceleration are defined by:The following holds:When the acceleration is cotant this gives:
For the unit vecto in a direction perpen...
Point dynamics in a fixed coordinate system
Force, (angular)momentum and energy
Newton's 2nd law connects the force on an object and the resulting acceleration of the object where the momentum is given by ::Newton's 3rd law is given by...
Point dynamics in a moving coordinate system
The total force in a moving coordinate system can be found by subtracting the apparent forces from the forces working in the reference frame: . The different apparent forces are give...
Dynamics of masspoint collections
The centre of mass
The velocity with respect to the centre of mass is given by The coordinates of the centre of mass are given by:In a 2-particle system, the coordinates of the centre of mas...
Paul discusses unit conveion by mea of cancellation, illustrated with a simple average-velocity problem featuring Fast Freda.4EhkFuVGmco
Hank addresses the so-called centrifugal force, and explai why you really mean centripetal force.DLgy6rVV-08
Bikes and Bee Problem
Paul shows a simple solution to a classic problem involving the motion of a bee that flies to-and-fro between approaching bikes.lw-rhXczLGI
Linear Motion Definitions
Paul links central kinematic definitio and equatio to Barry Biker.MfDv4FMDlpI
Gravitation: The Four Fundamental Forces of Physics
Hank continues our series on the four fundamental forces of physics with a description of gravitation - the interaction by which physical bodies attract with a force proportional to that of their ma...
Usain Bolt vs. Gravity
Who's faster over 10 mete - the fastest sprinter in the world, or gravity9YUtFpLpGfk
Classical Mechanics Tools
Physics Tools for projectile motion
Use this simple tool to solve physics problem related to projectile motion. You can use this tool for any projectile fired on ground level at an angle of theta de...
Projectile Motion – Projectile fired above the ground level
Use this simple tool to solve physics problem related to projectile motion. You can use this tool for any projectile fired above the ground level with initial velocity at horizontal direction. Simply...
Solve physics problem related to collision between airliner and a bird
Physics Tools for classical mechanics- Use this simple tool to solve physics problem related to collision between airliner and a bird
Use this simple tool to solve physics problem related to collisio...
Solve problem related to object falling from rest
As an object falls from rest, its gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy. Coider a mass m which is falling vertically under the influence of gravity.Potential Energy...
Solve problem related to impact force from falling object
As an object falls from rest, its gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy. Coider a mass m which is falling vertically under the influence of gravity.Object is falling...
Schrödinger's cat is a thought experiment, sometimes described as a paradox, devised by Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger. It illustrates what he saw as the problem of the Copenhagen interpreta...
What is the link between giraffes, wine corks and the map of the Univee?yLTrD9LYQTs
How Does A Boomerang Work?
A boomerang can execute its unique roundtrip flight by making use of three fundamental physics principles: lift, relative velocity, and gyroscopic precession.ADJKsLEAOHo
The Electric Cannon
We use an unusual cannon to demotrate electrical conductivity at different temperatures.eA3SDiyMiWU
Yo-Yos in Space
NASA Astronaut Don Pettit uses his off-duty time to practice his microgravity yo-yo skills.ni4j5K4Lz3o
Touch Screens and Quantum Tunnelling
We look at the latest touch screen technology and how it uses the strange phenomenon of quantum tunnellingqI5q6OqSo4s
Fluids and Thermodynamics
Solid Nitrogen, Vacuum Cooling and Dry Ice
What happe when you decrease the pressure around a liquid? It boils. Water boils at room temperature once the pressure is low enough. What is interesting is that this decreases the temperature of t...
Effects of water pressure
This clip illustrates the effects of water pressure on a ball filled with air. The same compression happe to the air iide the human ear, which is why we have to equalize the ea when freediving....
Heat conduction. Wooden and metal pedestal stand in hot water. Since metal is a better heat conductor than wood, the ice cube on a metal pedestal melt faster than the ice cube on wooden pedestal....
Paramagnetism of Oxygen
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Lenses and Vortices
NASA Astronaut Don Pettit takes advantage of the weightless environment
aboard the ISS to do diffusion and le experiments with pure water.
Distributed as part of a collaboration between NASA and...
Anti-Gravity Water Trick
It's easy to keep water in an upside down container with nothing but a card. However, only those possessing extreme skill can keep the
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Fortran Online Resouces
Univeity of Michigan-Dearborn, Computer and Information Science This site contai History of Fortran Language and lot of links to useful sites.
Variables and the names of variables
Fundamentals of Fortran Computation
Variables and the names of variables
A whole number. It may...
Operations and Expressions
Operatio and Expressio
FORTRAN provide five basic arithmetic operatio:
FORTRAN Tutorials – Input and Output
Input and Output
FORTRAN provides a great deal of power and flexibility in the reading of data and printing of results. And for the experienced programmer this power and fle...
Writing and Running a FORTRAN Program
STOP and END Statements
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FORTRAN DO Statement
The DO Statement
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Calculate Linear Regression and Graph Scatter Plot and Line of Best Fit
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Google Smart Calculator
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Michio Kaku Explains String Theory
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Strong Interaction: The Four Fundamental Forces of Physics
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What is Antimatter?
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Neutrons and Nanoscience
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Use this simple tool to solve physics problem related to simple light ray reflection problems. You can use this tool for light ray passes from a one medium to another. Simply enter the values you know...
Find Critical Angle
Use this simple tool to solve physics problem related to critical angle condition for reflection. You can use this tool for light ray passes from a one medium to another to find the critical angle...
Find critical angle and condition for total reflection
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Focal length for thin lens
Physics Tools for optics - Find Focal Length of thin le using R1 and R2 radii
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Two lens system tool – Image distance and magnification
Physics Tools for optics - Find image distance and magnification for two le system
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Physical Constants in Mechanics
Densities of Common Substances
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Viscosity of Liquids and Gases
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Moment of Inertia for Uniform Objects
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Central axis of disk... | <urn:uuid:5e09c99d-f0f2-466e-aac8-a16f813d3851> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.livephysics.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.854932 | 3,578 | 1.960938 | 2 |
The port town of Saranda is situated in the southeast part of the country of Albania, opposite the northeast part of Corfu’s island (Greece) and 26 km close to the Greek borders. In the ancient times the name of this town was Onchesmus.
According to the famous Albanian historical writer Mr. Neritan Ceka (Minister of Interior 1997-1998) this town took its name from the Trojan Prince father “Anchises”. Saranda – click for full image The name of Agii Saranda according to the Legend comes from the Christian time of the 15th century, when 40 monks, soldiers, were decapitated by the Turks because they wouldn’t change their religion. So, the folk and the church declared them as Saints. The origin of the name of Agii Saranda comes from two Greek words. Agii means Saints, Saranda means the number forty. Today the city is called only Saranda. The town has a population of 30.000 inhabitants. This number triples during the summer time because Saranda town is very well organized. The inhabitants of all Albania and Kossovo like to spend their holidays in this town, which is lying next to the Ionian Sea. We have to mention that as far as religion is concerned, Albanians are 60% Muslims, 30% Greek Orthodox and 10% Catholics. The climate of Saranda is mild Mediterranean and sunny most of the year. The economy of Saranda town is based mainly on its agricultural products from the valley of Valtos, on the cultivation of mussels from the salt lake of Vouthrotos (Butrint ).
Fishing is another source of wealth and finally tourism, which has been growing slowly but steadily during the last nine years. The town of Saranda is built in amphitheatric style with three parallel roads. Four series of step stairs lead from the top of the hill of the town down to each promenade. After the revolution of 1990 this town was rebuilt in a modern style. Modern Hotels with the 5 stars Hotel “Butrint” being the top one, bars, restaurants and cafeterias and also a promenade with palm trees. Several arts of roses and bougainvilleas next to the Ionian Sea give to Saranda the air of a cosmopolitan town. Therefor Saranda is the most touristic destination of all Albania .The inside of the town is a combination of top new buildings, old taverns, cafeterias and houses built in the traditional impressive stone style, even with top roofs of stone plates. Albanian and northwest Greeks are the best carved-stone workers in the world.
The Albanians belong to the Indogermanistic race. Traces of human life are placed in the Paleolithic Era. 35.000 B.C. The first inhabitants of Saranda area were of the Tirrino-Pelasgian race. Offspring races of the Tirrino-Pelasgians were the Illyrians and of the Pelasgians were the Epirots and the Macedonians. Remands of human life are placed in the Neolithic Era 3000-1200 B.C. The legend has it that, the ancient inhabitants of Saranda area were offsprings of the Greek ancient hero Achilles. Epirus King Neoptolemus Pyrrhus, son of Achilles and the greater of the “Aeachidon Dynasty”, which lasted for 1000 years, after the fall of Troy held captive Andromache,(widow of Trojan Crone prince Hector). Their union resulted in four sons. One of them that was named Mollosus created the Molossian race.
Olympias mother of Alexander the Great was an offspring of the Molossians. After King Neoptolemus Pyrrhus’s death, Andromache married the Trojan Prince Helenus (Hectors brother), who was also held as a captive of the Epirus King, and they built a miniature town of Troy giving to it the name “Vouthrotos”. Saranda – click for full image 26 km away of Saranda town very close to the borders with mainland Greece, opposite the eastern shores of the Strait of Corfu Island, into a natural Park of 20 sq. km, surrounded by the magnificed channel “Vivari”, which connects the salt lake of Voutrotos (Butrint) with the Ionian Sea, are situated the breathtaking ancient cities of Vouthrotos (Butrint).
According to one of the many legends of those cities in the 12th century B.C. Helenus, son of King Priamus of Troy after the fall of his patria sailed west to establish a new settlement. On his journey he landed in the island of Corfu and decided to sacrifise a bull to the Olympian God Apollo who was one of the six God protecters of Troy. During the ceremony of the sacrifising the bull escaped from the knife of Helenus half wounded, swam across the Ionian Sea, landed in mainland Epirus and died by hemorrhage (sever bleeding). Helenus who followed the bull by his ship and landed also in the mainland Epirus took this as an auspicious sign of Apollo and built there a miniature town of Troy, giving to it the name Voutrotos, that means in the ancient Greek language “the wounded bull”. Vous=bull. throtos = vulnerable. According to Mr. Neritan Ceca ,Voutrotos (Butrint) was a flourishing city with a harbor, a Theatre, and a sanctuary dedicated to the God of health Asclepius. By the time of Alexander the Great two centuries later the Romans made it a supply base for their Balkan campaigns. In the year 49-48 B.C. it was serving as a base for Caesar’s army, tied up in fighting against Pompeius army in Apollonia and Dyrrachium. (In formations from Mr. Neritan Ceca’s books, son of Hasan Ceca who was “the father of Albanian archeology”. A unique harmony of four civilizations of four ancient cities of the Hellenistic period, the Roman period, the Byzantine period and the Venetian period built one above the other and next to the other in the still undiscovered country of the “eagle” or in origin Shqiperje.
25 km away from Saranda town, near the traditional impressive stone built village of Musina, into a forest of hazelnuts, walnuts, cherries, pines and fir trees 177 meters above the sea level 18 springs come out the bottom of the earth and great a rare beauty the famous “Blue Eye”, which is a geological phenomenon.
Because of its oval shaped form and of the water, which is coming out of the earth, deep blue in the center and the light blue at the sides it looks like a human eye. Nobody knows how deep it is. Divers who tried to reach the bottom because of the pressure of the water have managed to go only 45 meters deep. It has a rate of flow of 6 cubic meters of water per second and a water temperature of 13 Celsius degrees. Visitors throw a stone into the center of this spring, and after a while they see the same stone coming up again on the surface of it. This geological phenomenon is of tectonic origin. The water of it is believed to be a filtration from Drinos valley. These 18 springs provide water to “Bistrica” rive which is 25 km long and by an artificial channel built in 1958, its waters flow into the Ionian Sea.
In the area of the “Blue Eye” wild life is rich and varied too, wild animals exist, like the fox, the fowl, the reptiles and the marten. “Blue Eye” is Albania’s small treasure. Visitors on a one-day organized trip can relax into its peaceful landscape. Next to a picturesque waterfall opposite the “Blue Eye” spring, there is a traditional wood and stone built restaurant you may enjoy Albania’s snaps named “Raki”. | <urn:uuid:48ddfc9b-5029-42f0-a4da-d19b25e9498e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ionianseaways.com/destination/saranda/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.957117 | 1,710 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Rimbu, N., Dima, M., Lohmann, G., and Stefan, S., 2004:
The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the Danube river streamflow variability is investigated for the period 1840 to 1998. A composite analysis reveals that positive streamflow anomalies are related to a large scale atmospheric circulation pattern that contains elements of the positive phase of the Pacific North American (PNA) pattern and negative phase of the NAO. The corresponding sea surface temperature (SST) pattern shows positive anomalies over most of the tropical region. Opposite atmospheric circulation and SST patterns are associated to negative streamflow anomalies. Significant decadal variations of the NAO and ENSO impact on the Danube streamflow are detected for the observational period. A lag-correlation analysis reveals that winter SST from tropical Pacific and some regions from the North Atlantic are significantly correlated with the streamflow variations from spring and summer suggesting a possible predictive skill of the Danube streamflow anomalies in these seasons using winter SST as a predictor. | <urn:uuid:7088eabe-808f-45ab-a901-04a2d4864abc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://paleodyn.uni-bremen.de/gl/geo_html/abstract_Danube.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.870109 | 235 | 1.789063 | 2 |
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Bayesian measures of model complexity and fit
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WinBUGS - A Bayesian modelling framework: Concepts, structure, and extensibility
How and why various modern computing concepts, such as object-orientation and run-time linking, feature in the software's design are discussed and how the framework may be extended.
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The BUGS project: Evolution, critique and future directions
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A balanced critical appraisal of the BUGS software is provided, highlighting how various ideas have led to unprecedented flexibility while at the same time producing negative side effects.
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Survey of previous comparisons and theoretical work descriptions of methods dataset descriptions criteria for comparison and methodology (including validation) empirical results machine learning on…
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A Language and Program for Complex Bayesian Modelling
This work describes some general purpose software that is currently developing for implementing Gibbs sampling: BUGS (Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling), written in Modula-2 and runs under both DOS and UNIX. | <urn:uuid:f235b643-dd90-401a-a95a-cdd52787fbf5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/D.-Spiegelhalter/48616434 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.820174 | 505 | 1.789063 | 2 |
On Facebook (yeah, I spend too much time on Facebook; you got a problem with that?) a friend posted a slogan from Occupy World. The slogan says, “Inclusion means making ALL people feel empowered and welcome.” (The caps are in the original.) This slogan, according to the accompanying text, is in support of gender diversity.
Now, gender diversity and racial diversity are lovely things, and I support them wholeheartedly. But the use of the word “all” makes me a bit nervous. Here’s the squeaky bit:
Does “all people” include men carrying assault rifles? Does it include those who refuse to be vaccinated? Does it include people who would like to distribute racist pamphlets? Does it include pedophiles?
You may think I’m exaggerating or engaged in a straw man argument, but I’m quite serious. At the point where “all people” starts to mean, “all people who agree with you and me about certain basic things,” it’s not inclusion anymore. It’s just sloganeering.
I’m perfectly willing to embrace what we might call selective inclusion — accepting and embracing all races and all varieties of gender identification and gender expression, while slamming the door on racists and white nationalist terrorists. But that turns out to be an awkward position philosophically, because if I assert the right to discriminate based on what I perceive as these basic moral issues (and I do), then how shall I tell an evangelical Christian that he is wrong to discriminate against homosexuals based on what he perceives as a basic moral issue?
The broad-brush embrace of inclusion is not quite as simple as we might prefer to imagine.
I’ve seen this kind of muddled thinking at work in Unitarian-Universalism, a once-liberal sect to which I still, at least nominally and for the time being, belong. UUs are very big on inclusion — on being a welcoming congregation. I certainly approve!
And yet, over the past couple of years there has been a concerted attempt, by a number of highly placed people in the national UU organization, to sabotage the career of a UU minister named Todd Eklof. Why have a bunch of UU thugs, including hundreds of Todd’s fellow ministers, ganged up on him? Because he had the audacity to publish a book that contained ideas they didn’t like. They didn’t bother to dispute the ideas in a public debate; no, that would have required actual logical thought. Many of them didn’t even bother to read the book before condemning it, if you can believe that. Instead they have engaged in a campaign of character assassination and tried to destroy Todd’s career.
How can these people consider themselves participants in a “welcoming” faith when they do not welcome intellectual diversity? When they insist on lock-step ideology?
The question is not whether Todd’s views are right or wrong. I happen to think he’s right, but perhaps I’m mistaken. The question is whether UUism welcomes a free and open debate about important ideas, or whether the people who are running the denomination feel that certain ideas are not to be expressed and the people who dare to express them are to be shunned. Thus far, the evidence points strongly away from any interest by the national organization in actual diversity of thought.
You can’t be a welcoming congregation if you don’t embrace intellectual diversity. Sadly, the minister of my own congregation is one of the signatories of the odious Open Letter that condemns Rev. Eklof’s book. Since I’m not in charge of the local congregation, there’s nothing I can do to get rid of this flaming pulpit hypocrite. But I do think the question of inclusivity needs some serious examination. Is “welcoming congregation” just an empty slogan? Is it just a cloak that we wrap ourselves in when it’s convenient and we want to feel morally superior?
If you follow the logic of this through to where it leads, you’ll soon discover that there are no objective criteria at all by which one might structure a morality. The moral choices — what we embrace and what we abhor — are all socially constructed and subjective. That being the case, the real problem is not that the UU higher-ups feel justified in attacking Todd Eklof. Just about all of us, excepting only a few rare enlightened individuals, spend a fair amount of time attacking people we disagree with. The problem is that the UU leaders are hypocrites. They claim to be inclusive and welcoming, but they’re not.
On that basis, I suppose we ought to admire racists and homophobes. At least they’re honest. I’m not going to try admiring them, but if I were really to practice inclusion I suppose I ought to. | <urn:uuid:774e045e-093d-4df5-b9e5-2303e3f66c2e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://midiguru.wordpress.com/2021/12/27/todays-little-conundrum/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.950165 | 1,041 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Articulation is something that brass players must practice on a daily basis. There are many types of articulation, legato to staccato, that help determine style. Additionally, speed is another aspect that must be practiced. After a certain tempo, single tonguing (just using a “T” syllable) is not feasible due to the fast tempo. Brass players have a technique called double and triple tonguing to assist with articulating notes at fast tempos. Lastly, syncing (aligning) the fingers and tongue at different tempi is another technique that must be practiced.
Before practicing multiple tonguing, one must possess a good single tongue technique. Problems arise when too much manipulation occurs to place the tongue in certain areas of the mouth. It is best to take a simple approach. I like to tell students to say, “Tu”. Wherever the tongue hits, that is where one “tongues”.
According to the famous cornet teacher, Jean-Baptiste Arban, “Always remember that the phrase coup de langue (stroke of the tongue) is merely a conventional expression. The tongue does not strike; on the contrary, it performs a retrograde movement, simply behaving like a valve… the pronunciation of the syllable “tu” serves to determine the attack of the sound.”
Arban further states, “…He warns the pupil that the word “striking” is only a term and that the tongue does not give a blow as to strike but instead operates with a backward movement like the action of a valve.”
There is a misnomer that the tongue strikes harder for a shorter note. The tongue only releases the air, and how one releases the air determines the type of articulation. The air should never stop when articulating; rather, the air is interrupted. The tip of the tongue (in the front of the mouth) is what interrupts the air to articulate. This movement should be practiced on one note initially before adding notes on different pitches and with that, finger motion. It is ideal to practice scales and exercises based on scales to produce a solid single tongue articulation.
Once a solid single tongue technique has been established, it is then appropriate to move on to multiple tonguing. I feel that learning a good double tongue technique before the triple tongue is best. It should be noted that the famous “Arban” method introduces the triple tongue initially in the book before introducing the double tongue exercises.
A great exercise to practice is one in which the T and K syllables are isolated and practiced separately. Most students struggle with the K syllable initially. The K syllable is simply articulating with the back of the tongue. The back of the tongue rises and momentarily obstructs the air. Arban explains it best, “The tongue should then reascend to the roof of the mouth and obstruct the throat, dilating itself by the effect of the pronunciation of the syllable ku, which, by allowing a column of air to penetrate into the mouthpiece, determines the K [sic] sound”.
I recommend starting students on multiple tonguing as early as possible but only after a good sound and single tongue articulation has been achieved.
This is a great exercise to isolate the “K” syllable in the double tongue. The exercise should be practiced at quarter note = 100. The tempo can be increased as one’s tonguing ability improves. It is essential to keep a fast and intense air stream flowing through the instrument in order to produce an even alternation between the single and double tongue syllables so that the rhythm doesn’t have a swing feel. Use one pitch (middle register) for the entire exercise and go either up or down chromatically to get repetitions on the exercise.
Raquel Rodriquez is the Assistant Professor of Trumpet at Tennessee Tech University. Raquel maintains a versatile career as a performing artist, clinician, educator, and scholar. Raquel is principal trumpet of the Bryan Symphony Orchestra and the Brass Arts Quintet, both faculty ensembles-in-residence at Tennessee Tech. Raquel is principal cornet with the Southern Stars Symphonic Brass Band (TN) and a member of Seraph Brass. You may read more about Dr. Rodriquez at http://www.solotromba.com/home/
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Learn. Share. Inspire. | <urn:uuid:a82b4f0e-c7f6-44d9-bfe0-606e949f7a28> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://banddirectorstalkshop.com/demystifying-the-double-tongue-technique/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.930667 | 953 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Spinal dermoid cyst: treatment methods in Israeli clinics
Spinal dermoid cyst is a disease of the spinal column, the etiological factor of which are disorders during fetal development. It occurs in the process of abnormal closure of the neural tube during intrauterine development. The dermoid cyst belongs to benign formations, but has a tendency to degenerate into a malignant formation. The cyst can go out through the depressions in the skin, maintaining the risk of infection, rupture. As the spinal dermoid cyst develops, it compresses the nerve endings of the spinal cord, blocking the mobility of the spinal column.
As the dermoid cyst grows or when infected, the following symptoms are accidentally recorded:
- edema on the spine , pain;
- erythema of the skin;
- stiffness of movements;
- formation of a hole, effusion of the contents of the spinal dermoid cyst;
- loss of muscle strength in the limbs, etc.
Surgery removes the spinal dermoid cyst and returns the patient to normal life.
Innovative equipment allows you to examine patients with a spinal dermoid cyst in the shortest possible time, using laboratory, instrumental methods.
Diagnostics is carried out to determine the location of the pathology, the size and characteristics of the cyst, to exclude malignant transformation. The examination includes a doctor's consultation, analysis of the clinical picture, laboratory blood tests, X-ray, MRI, CT, etc. After an accurate diagnosis is made, the cost of treatment is determined. The cost formation is influenced by the results of diagnostics, the severity of symptoms, the stage of the disease.
Services for patients with spinal dermoid cysts are provided by qualified neurosurgeons with extensive experience in treating the disease. Prices for excision of a spinal dermoid cyst in Israel are much lower than in other developed countries of the world.
BK MEDICAL LOGISTIC: removal of a spinal dermoid cyst in Israel
BK MEDICAL LOGISTIC organizes a trip for treatment in Israel. Removal of a dermoid cyst in a clinic in Israel has its advantages:
- treatment and examination of patients is organized at the highest level, without queues and expectations;
- control of the condition, treatment of patients with a spinal dermoid cyst qualified neurosurgeons of Israel are engaged;
- thanks to modern diagnostic equipment, robotic installations, laser technologies, the presence of powerful microscopes and an imaging system, it is possible to find out all the nuances of pathology, to carry out a microsurgical operation as accurately as possible to remove a dermoid cyst in the shortest possible time;
- after the operation, intensive care of the patient is provided, rehabilitation therapy is prescribed, the clinic has comfortable wards, responsive medical staff;
- an acceptable price for cyst removal in Israel, the cost of medical services depends on the individual characteristics of the patient, clinical paintings, general health, concomitant diseases;
- full cost of medicine The patient pays for nikh services after the end of treatment.
BK MEDICAL LOGISTIC (Ukraine, Kiev) provides patients with the opportunity to use high-quality medical services at an affordable price, the latest technologies and methods of therapy. By contacting BK MEDICAL LOGISTIC, you will receive high-quality diagnostics, necessary treatment, effective removal of the cyst through small incisions or open surgery in severe cases when the spinal dermoid cyst has complications from renowned Israeli doctors at an affordable price. | <urn:uuid:6f182004-5bf1-49ea-9ae8-ca1801d2c0a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://medlogist.com/en/directions/neyrohirurgiya-israil/spinalnaya-dermoidnaya-kista-lechenie | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.91872 | 760 | 1.984375 | 2 |
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Published on 16 May 2022
After the success of the first French version published in 2017 by the Digital Organizations & Society chair of Grenoble Ecole de Management, the guide for good practices to fight digital over-solicitation is now available in English.
Published on 14 January 2022
According to Green IT, 60 to 80% of the digital industry’s environmental footprint is related to equipment if we include the impacts associated with the electricity production they consume. How Can We Overcome the Misuse of Digital Tools?
Published on 15 November 2021
The Women & Economic Renewal Chair has initiated a vast action-research program, aiming at a better understanding of the place of women entrepreneurs' in Disadvantaged Urban Neighborhoods (QPVs) in France, around the world, and soon within the EU.
Published on 10 November 2021
Grenoble Ecole de Management launches 'Shaping a Sustainable Future with Green Infrastructure ' a 5-week free online course developed by the Territories in Transition Chair, as part of its participation in the European project LUIGI, to help...
Published on 10 March 2021
Expected to revolutionize the transportation, industrial and building sectors... What are the challenges of using hydrogen energy for the various stakeholders in the value chain, between now and 2030, particularly in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region?
Published on 07 May 2019
Blockchain technology is a decentralised digital ledger that keeps public but encrypted records of peer-to-peer transactions. All members of a blockchain network can verify whether a transaction occurred or not, rendering clearinghouses or other... | <urn:uuid:966be255-4bec-495e-8b46-3f314331a7a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://research.grenoble-em.com/lastest-news?field_theme_tid=106 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.90757 | 351 | 1.5625 | 2 |
At the opening ceremony of the XVIII International Congress for Tropical Medicines and Malaria (ICTMM) and the XLVIII Congress of the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine in Rio de Janeiro, the Ministry of Health of Brazil signed a Cooperation and Technical Assistance Agreement with the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) and the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) Latin America, uniting the three actors in a strategic partnership to collaborate on research and development (R&D) for new therapies and diagnostics for neglected diseases.
Brazil’s Secretary of Science and Technology Carlos Gadelha, FIOCRUZ President Paulo Gadelha, and DNDi Latin America Director Eric Stobbaerts signed the agreement in the presence of the 1,000-plus attendees of the Congress. By committing resources to this partnership, the Ministry of Health will carry out its neglected-disease R&D strategy defined earlier this year. The strategy aims to boost innovation in the field of neglected diseases and provide new health tools to Brazil’s public health programmes.
‘We are proud to be part of this strategic partnership that will enable DNDi and its Brazilian founding partner FIOCRUZ to coordinate and strengthen efforts to address the urgent needs of patients suffering from neglected diseases in the region’, said Eric Stobbaerts, Director of DNDi Latin America. ‘This agreement will pave the way for this new R&D mechanism, led by Brazil, to bring local innovation to global public health.’
The Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) is a not-for-profit research and development organization working to deliver new treatments for neglected diseases, in particular sleeping sickness (human African trypanosomiasis), Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, specific helminth infections, malaria, and paediatric HIV. DNDi was established in 2003 by Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders (MSF), the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) of Brazil, the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), the Ministry of Health of Malaysia, and the Pasteur Institute of France. The Special Programme for Tropical Disease Research (WHO/TDR) serves as permanent observer.
Since its inception in 2003, DNDi has delivered six new treatments for neglected patients: two fixed-dose antimalarials (ASAQ and ASMQ), nifurtimox-eflornithine combination therapy (NECT) for late-stage sleeping sickness, sodium stibogluconate and paromomycin (SSG&PM) combination therapy for visceral leishmaniasis in Africa, a set of combination therapies for visceral leishmaniasis in Asia, and a paediatric dosage form of benznidazole for Chagas disease.
DNDi has helped establish three clinical research platforms: Leishmaniasis East Africa Platform (LEAP) in Kenya, Ethiopia, Sudan, and Uganda; the HAT Platform based in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) for sleeping sickness; and the Chagas Clinical Research Platform in Latin America. Strong regional networks such as these help strengthen research and treatment-implementation capacity in neglected disease-endemic countries.
Mariana Abdalla [Português, Español, English]
DNDi Latin America
Mobile: +55 (21) 8108 2466
Oliver Yun [English]
DNDi North America | <urn:uuid:19075e2f-4659-42ac-b125-8c9ec6b6c507> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dndi.org/press-releases/2012/moh-brazil-fiocruz-dndilatam/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.852752 | 808 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Summary: Nosodes are homeopathic remedies prepared from disease tissues, materials, fluids or discharges. The homeopathic manufacturing process renders them safe for clinical use. A recent survey explores the variety of ways homeopaths use them in practice.
Homeopathic nosodes have been used in homeopathic practice for almost 200 years. Prepared in safe potentised form by pharmacies, they have been prescribed as treatment remedies for acute, chronic, intercurrent, miasmatic conditions.
Arora and Arora collected information about nosode usage by an online survey throughout 2012-13. Responses were received from more than 200 practitioners, the majority of those coming from India. The survey contained of thirteen multiple choice and two open-ended questions on nosodes plus an additional five questions on socioeconomic information. It was published in 2015.
The results showed that respondents mostly used nosodes in high potencies for chronic conditions and that doses were mostly repeated according to patient need (rather than as mechanical repetitions). The vast majority of respondents considered nosodes suitable for patients of any age. A significant percentage of practitioners had also observed the occasional aggravation in a patient given a nosode, followed by an amelioration of symptoms in accordance with homeopathic philosophy and expectations.
The researchers concluded that nosodes were commonly used in practice according to beliefs, experience, and preconceived notions. They proposed that another survey be conducted with a larger sample size to more accurately understand nosode practices around the world and to overcome biases.
More Information: Use of nosodes in homeopathic clinical practice: a survey
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Sorry, the comment form is closed at this time. | <urn:uuid:c30381f5-f874-4eb6-891b-d8ac20315c05> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://homeopathyplus.com/survey-nosodes-and-how-theyre-used-by-homeopaths/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.962184 | 386 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Be Prepared for Taxpayer ID Theft
by Knowing the Warning Signs
By Mark Pribish, VP & ID Theft Practice Leader,
Merchant’s Information Solutions, Inc.
Unfortunately, taxpayer identity theft and refund fraud happens when identity criminals steal the Personally Identifiable Information (PII) of taxpayers and file fraudulent refunds in their names. When the real taxpayers file, their refunds aren’t paid until the IRS resolves their individual case.
Two common examples of Taxpayer Identity Theft include:
Refund Fraud – occurs when an identity thief uses an innocent taxpayer’s name and Social Security Number (SSN) to file for a tax refund. Not until the actual taxpayer files a return does it become apparent that both identity theft and fraud have been committed.
Employment Fraud – occurs when an identity thief uses an innocent taxpayer’s name and SSN to obtain employment. When the thief’s employer reports income to the IRS, the taxpayer appears to have unreported income on his or her return, leading to enforcement action.
The IRS has prepared a Taxpayer Guide to Identity Theft to help fight against tax-related identity theft.
This taxpayer guide will help you understand what is taxpayer identify theft and the warning signs. It will also help you with steps to take if you become a victim including filing a complaint with the FTC at: identitytheft.gov.
Contact one of the three major credit bureaus to place a ‘fraud alert’ on your credit records:
Contact your financial institutions, and close any financial or credit accounts opened without your permission or tampered with by identity thieves.
According to the IRS, you can reduce your risk of taxpayer identity theft by following these basic suggestions:
Always use security software with firewall and anti-virus protections. Use strong passwords.
Learn to recognize and avoid phishing emails, threatening calls and texts from thieves posing as legitimate organizations such as your bank, credit card companies and even the IRS.
Do not click on links or download attachments from unknown or suspicious emails.
Protect your personal data. Don’t routinely carry your Social Security card, and make sure your tax records are secure.
Finally according to the General Accountability Office (GAO), the “IRS estimates that in 2014, it prevented or recovered $22.5 billion in attempted IDT refund fraud, but paid $3.1 billion in fraudulent IDT refunds. Because of the difficulties in knowing the amount of undetected fraud, the actual amount could differ from these point estimates.”
If you believe you are a victim of Taxpayer Identity Theft, you can contact the IRS at 1-800-908-4490 and complete the IRS Identity Theft Affidavit, Form 14039.
If you receive a suspicious email or believe you have received an online phishing scam you can call 1-800-366-4484 or report it to the IRS at: firstname.lastname@example.org.
It is also very important to remember that the IRS does not initiate contact with taxpayers by email to request personal or financial information!
To learn more about these threats and how to protect yourself and your business from identity theft, check out the CTiQ SmartID for Business Identity Theft Protection and Resolution Services. | <urn:uuid:a0c4ae76-c006-424b-9dec-431e3745f554> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://consoltech.com/the-warning-signs-of-taxpayer-id-theft/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.911349 | 673 | 1.742188 | 2 |
4/5 of earth are covered with water of which 80% are not explored yet.
It is time to do so!
The BOND RIDER is a new dive device which allows to drive underwater and
breath normal like on the surface. From the shoulders upwards you are in an
air bubble while your body is still feeling the sensation of being in the water.
The BOND is totally save, very fast and can go down to 10 m (33feet).
The air is provided from a normal dive tank, hidden in the body of the unit.
The propulsion comes from an electric engine, sitting in a turning “globe”
giving the BOND an incredible maneuverability.
Try it and have ... magic moments underwater
The BOND RIDER is available in different designs and performances
The huge glass dome allows spectacular visibility to all sides and downwards.
• Steering is easy and intuitive
• The dive depth is automatically controlled
• Instruments give full control over all relevant parameters of the underwater ride
• The BOND is fast & extremely maneuverable. It also can drive backwards
• The Body is made of strong GRP in molds with a two-component gelcoat-finish
• All parts are salt water resistant and designed for a long-term rental business
• Approved for water depths up to 10 m / 33 feet
GENERAL DESCRIPTION BOND
“One-person dive unit” called BOND (Breathing Observation Nautical Device)
• Powerful 29 V electric propulsion motor for underwater use
• Ergonomic steering wheel
• 300º viewing bubble with down viewing possibility
• Lift up helmet for easy passenger access
• Wheel for buoyancy adjustment at the body
• Wide body to accommodate oversized passengers
• Height adjustable seat
• Steering console with dive computer
• Safety octopus installed in the bubble
• 1-hour minimum operating time
• Streamlined body with no sharp corners
• Easy to maintain due to standard dive equipment
• The BOND accommodates a 15-liter dive tank.
• Fast air tank exchange and charging
Dimensions: height 69.37“/176,2cm - width 35.00“/88,9cm - length 92.32“ 234,5cm - weight (without lead) 320lbs/145 kg
The engine sits in a revolving “globe”.
It can move 90 degrees to both sides for best maneuverability.
The powerful electric motor accelerates continuously in both
directions so that driving backwards is also possible.
In addition the horizontal angle of the globe can be adjusted as well.
The BOND RIDER is a phenomenal eye catcher.
Therefore COOL DIVERS has developed a special trailer in order
to present the unit.
The BOND is standing on a sliding platform, which can be easily
taken out of the trailer for best visibility. With the spotlights on the
protecting roof the BOND will turn heads and attract customers.
The BOND CARRIER-S is the perfect platform to handle two BOND RIDER.
It can carry up to 12 persons. Comfortable seats, a toilet and enough space
for additional tools are just some of many features of the stable multihull.
The boat can be transported on a trailer.
Length: 9,40m (31 feet)
Beam: 2,50m (8,25 feet)
Max Passenger/crew: 12
The BOND CARRIER-L is a huge entertaining Catamaran with a carrying capacity of up to 49 people.
There are restrooms and storage areas for all the water toys and space for 5 BOND RIDERS including
the lift into the water. The front section is reserved for a beautiful lounge in Mega Yacht style and a
large bar/kitchen with cold storage and cooking devices such as pizza oven and wok.
The entire boat can be enclosed for weather protection.
Length: 13m (43 feet)
Beam: 7m (21 feet)
Max passenger/crew: 49
There are two sizes of franchise packs available. Each one has a proven variety of entertainment
toys, which customers like to try beside the BOND RIDER. The package covers also all the technical
equipment such as a dive compressor. There are two types of BOND RIDER. The real diving units and
promotion / display units which show all the futures in real size but are not able to dive.
The most important part is the PROMO PACK, which is the guarantee for a successful contact to hotels,
tour operators and tourists. (see also next page)
According to our business model PACK S (small) can handle up to 45 customers per day.
Proven and detailed business plans are available on request for both packs.
According to our business model PACK L (large) can handle up to 98 customers per day
Proven and detailed business plans are available on request for both packs.
The PROMO PACK covers all aspects of modern communication with costumers.
A breath taking video, informative brochures are available as well as our PROMO TRAILER, which
shows a real size BOND RIDER. The merchandise is an additional income source and most
welcomed by many costumers. Most importantly the PROMO PACK includes also a custom made
online booking program, which allows a perfect utilization of the tours.
The TECHNO PACK has all the additional toys such as water scooters, kajaks, snorkeling equipment and
neoprene suits. It also includes all the technical equipment such as compressor and dive equipment.
- Limitation of liability for internal content - The content of our website has been compiled with meticulous care and to the best of our knowledge. However, we cannot assume anyliability for the up-to-dateness, completeness or accuracy of any of the pages. Pursuant to section 7, para. 1 of the TMG (Telemediengesetz – Tele Media Act by German law), we as service providers are liable for our own content on these pages in accordance with general laws. However, pursuant to sections 8 to 10 of the TMG, we as service providers are not under obligation to monitor external information provided or stored on our website. Once we have become aware of a specific infringement of the law, we will immediately remove the content in question. Any liability concerning this matter can only be assumed from the point in time at which the infringement becomes known to us.
- Limitation of liability for external links -Our website contains links to the websites of third parties (“external links”). As the content of these websites is not under our control, we cannot assume any liability for such external content. In all cases, the provider of information of the linked websites is liable for the content and accuracy of the information provided. At the point in time when the links were placed, no infringements of the law were recognisable to us. As soon as an infringement of the law becomes known to us, we will immediately remove the link in question.
- Copyright -The content and works published on this website are governed by the copyright laws of Germany. Any duplication, processing, distribution or any form of utilisation beyond the scope of copyright law shall require the prior written consent of the author or authors in question.© COOL DIVERS 2015 - All rights reserved - BOND (Breathing Observation Nautical Device), BOND RIDER, BOND SAFARI and COOL DIVERS are registered trademarks of COOL DIVERS S.L.U.
- Data protection -A visit to our website can result in the storage on our server of information about the access (date, time, page accessed). This does not represent any analysis of personal data (e.g., name, address or e-mail address). If personal data are collected, this only occurs – to the extent possible – with the prior consent of the user of the website. Any forwarding of the data to third parties without the express consent of the user shall not take place. We would like to expressly point out that the transmission of data via the Internet (e.g., by e-mail) can offer security vulnerabilities. It is therefore impossible to safeguard the data completely against access by third parties. We cannot assume any liability for damages arising as a result of such security vulnerabilities.The use by third parties of all published contact details for the purpose of advertising is expressly excluded. We reserve the right to take legal steps in the case of the unsolicited sending of advertising information | <urn:uuid:459308d4-a1bd-4929-8d39-1d1bb2ee0972> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bondsafari.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.917726 | 1,816 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Sugaring is an ancient Arabic form of hair removal, where a paste, made of sugar, lemon juice and water, is applied to the skin and flicked off. This effectively removes the hair from the root.
Sugaring began hundreds of years ago in the Arabic countries. Women at that time did not have the soaps and deodorants we have today, but they found that by removing their pubic and underarm hair they could stay fresher and cleaner. So they developed sugarpaste.
Sugaring was so successful it became completely embedded in their culture, and still to this day in some Arabic countries as soon as girls reach puberty they are prepared for marriage by being sugared from head to toe. All their bodily hair is removed, apart from their eyebrows, eyelashes and the hair on their head! They are then regularly sugared, to maintain themselves hair free, until they reach the age of about 30, when they find they no longer grow any hair!
Sugaring was brought to this country in 1984 by a Tunisian lady who came to live here and was amazed to find that there was nobody available to sugar her. She started to train people in this ancient technique, and hence sugaring in the UK was born. | <urn:uuid:9211f2c8-e70e-4a83-b0c2-de757648dae7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.evanji.co.uk/what-is-sugaring/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.988244 | 258 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Fairtrade plays an important role in preventing child labor by setting standards and advocating for producers’ rights. In addition, we believe one of the most effective ways to prevent this issue is through education and awareness.
That’s why we’re here to answer your lingering questions and set the record straight about child labor.
What is child labor?
The International Labour Organization defines child labor as a situation in which a child is forced to do work that is harmful to their physical and mental health. This form of work interferes with their schooling and often involves being placed in hazardous conditions. Child labor can even lead to children being enslaved or separated from their families.
I make my kid do chores, or I did chores as a child. Is that child labor?
Washing the dishes or taking out the trash is not necessarily child labor. In fact, doing chores after school to earn a little pocket money or helping out with the family business during the holidays can help kids develop new skills and take on more responsibility. Chores are fine as long as they do not prevent a child from attending school and/or put them in dangerous working conditions.
Don’t we ban child labor in the US?
Technically, yes. According to the Tariff Act of 1930, forced or indentured labor – including child labor – is prohibited. However, we are still importing products from all over the world that come from unjust supply chains in which children work.
I don’t think I buy anything that’s made by children…
Chances are, you probably have. For example, do you own any clothing or textiles with sequins or embellished beads? If so, it’s highly likely they were sewn on by children. Very young kids in countries like India are forced to work long hours hand-sewing embellishments on clothing. Expensive machines are replaced by underpaid children, as their smaller hands are better fit for this kind of detailing. Without systems in place to improve transparency, companies are often in the dark about where their own products are coming from due to long and complicated supply chains.
I watched “Rotten” on Netflix and heard that there is a lot of child labor on cocoa farms. Is this true?
Unfortunately, yes. More than 2 million children are involved in child labor within the cocoa industry, which produces chocolate. This number is anticipated to be even higher, as cocoa farmers in West Africa Fairtrade are facing increased poverty due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Why is child labor still happening after all these years?
There are so many contributing factors, but poverty plays a huge part in the existence of child labor. Farmers and producers who can’t earn a decent income from their crops are forced to find the cheapest labor to make ends meet. It also doesn’t help that we as consumers still look for the cheapest possible goods to buy, such as a $2 t-shirt or budget chocolate bars. Cheap goods exist because something is cut from the costs of the supply chain. All too often, this happens at the very beginning, and farmers and workers are earning less. The less producers earn, the more likely children are at risk.
How can I help prevent child labor?
In addition to holding companies accountable and demanding more transparency, you can help prevent child labor by supporting Fairtrade. When you buy products with the blue and green Fairtrade Mark, you’re advocating for more ethical supply chains where farmers and workers can get a fair deal. When you buy Fairtrade, you’re helping prevent the abuse and exploitation of children around the world.
What are the Fairtrade rules on child labor?
The Fairtrade Standards state that children:
- Below the age of 15 are not to be employed by Fairtrade producer organizations.
- Below the age of 18 cannot undertake work that jeopardizes their education or development.
- Are only allowed to help on family farms under strict conditions. The work must be age-appropriate and be done outside of school hours or during holidays.
- In regions with a high likelihood of child labor, small producer organizations are encouraged to include a mitigation and elimination plan.
- If an organization has identified child labor as a risk, the organization must implement policies and procedures to prevent children from being employed.
Does Fairtrade guarantee that no child labor is used in a product labeled with the Fairtrade Mark?
Because cases of child labor are so hard to track, we cannot 100% guarantee the absence of child labor in the making of certified products. However, if we find breaches to our child labor requirements as indicated in the Fairtrade Standards, we take immediate action to protect the impacted child or children. Failure to follow these standards can lead to suspension and then decertification of the producer organization if not addressed.
What support does Fairtrade offer to producer organizations to address child labor?
We recognize our standards and auditing alone won’t eradicate child labor.
As Fairtrade International’s Senior Advisor Social Compliance and Development recently shared, “We believe the key to tackling the root causes of child labour, poverty, discrimination and other human rights abuses is a ground-up approach where Fairtrade-certified producers, communities, and youth, in particular, take the lead on developing goals and strategies through dialogue and engagement with each other.”
- Supporting Fairtrade producer communities to establish a youth-inclusive, community-based monitoring and remediation system on child labor, in partnership with child rights NGOs
- Focus groups with young people in Fairtrade communities to find out about their education, work, future aspirations and the impact of Fairtrade on their lives.
- Working with governments, child rights experts and NGOs to share our approach and receive their feedback.
- Connecting companies with producers, to invest directly in tackling child labor in the communities from which they purchase Fairtrade commodities. The voluntary best practice section of Fairtrade’s Trader Standard also encourages this.
- Aligning our policies and processes with the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business Human Rights
What can I do?
Share this article on social media and tag @FairtradeMarkUS.
Look for the Fairtrade logo when you shop.
We’re in this together
Fairtrade America partners with brands on the journey to certification and beyond. We can help with everything from finding a certified supply chain to marketing your newly certified product.Get in Touch | <urn:uuid:75d83832-9dbc-4f2f-ac68-4118c4a6933a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fairtradeamerica.org/news-insights/child-labor-101/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.955704 | 1,330 | 3.234375 | 3 |
NRC Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats
There are several nutrient guidelines to choose from. These are the NRC Nutrient Guidelines of Dogs and Cats from the 2006 publication.
The NRC has provided nutrient requirements for cats per 1000/kcal. That means they have defined how many nutrients are needed within the amount of calories being consumed. Don’t worry, we have a handy calculator that we will share in this section.
The NRC has provided nutrient requirements for dogs per 1000/kcal and also per metabolic weight. The per 1000 kcal guidelines should only be used for dogs eating high level of kcals! (130 x metabolic weight and higher. Read more here) The calculators below use the metabolic weight method, appropriate for the majority of companion dogs.
We also have formulation sheets that utilize these guidelines. This is a must any homemade diet, including PMR and BARF diets as these diets do not meet NRC guidelines without proper formulation. These sheets show you the nutrient analysis of the foods your pet is eating next to their nutrient requirements.
The NRC requirements for puppies is complex and is their use is suitable for advanced users.. If you are new, consider hiring a professional. If you have experience formulating, consider our puppy course that teaches how to use these requirements (and comes with a formulation tool). | <urn:uuid:b4171b1b-ef33-4bf2-9d62-feda3343dd01> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rawfedandnerdy.com/adult-dogs-nutrient-requirements | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.921732 | 273 | 2.078125 | 2 |
St. Nicholas' Church is one of the oldest and most prominent landmarks in Ghent. Begun in the early 13th century as a replacement for an earlier Romanesque church, construction continued through the rest of the century in the local Scheldt Gothic style (named after the nearby river). Typical of this style is the use of blue-gray stone from the Tournai area, the single large tower above the crossing, and the slender turrets at the building's corners.
Built in the old trade center of Ghent next to the bustling Korenmarkt (Wheat Market), St. Nicholas' Church was popular with the guilds whose members carried out their business nearby. The guilds had their own chapels which were added to the sides of the church in the 14th and 15th centuries.
The central tower, which was funded in part by the city, served as an observation post and carried the town bells until the neighboring belfry of Ghent was built. These two towers, along with the Saint Bavo Cathedral, still define the famous medieval skyline of the city center. One of the treasures of the church is its organ, produced by the famous French organ builder Aristide Cavaillé-Coll.
The building gradually deteriorated through the centuries, to a degree that threatened its stability. Cracks were overlaid with plaster, windows were bricked up to reinforce the walls, and in the 18th century, little houses and shops were built up against the dilapidated facades. Interest in the church as a historical monument arose around 1840, and at the turn of the 20th century major restoration plans emerged. The houses alongside the church were demolished and much renovation work has been carried out since then.References:
The Seaplane Harbour is the newest and one of the most exciting museums in Tallinn. It tells stories about the Estonian maritime and military history. The museum’s display, that comprises of more than a couple of hundred large exhibits, revitalizes the colourful history of Estonia.
British built submarine Lembit weighing 600 tones is the centrepiece of the new museum. Built in 1936 for the Estonian navy, Lembit served in the World War II under the Soviet flag. It remained in service for 75 years being the oldest submarine in the World still in use until it was hauled ashore in 2011. Despite its long history, Lembit is still in an excellent condition offering a glimpse of the 1930s art of technology.
Another exciting attraction is a full-scale replica of Short Type 184, a British pre-World War II seaplane, which was also used by the Estonian armed forces. Short Type 184 has earned its place in military history by being the first aircraft ever to attack an enemy’s ship with an air-launched torpedo. Since none of the original seaplanes have survived, the replica in Seaplane Harbour is the only full-size representation of the aircraft in the whole World.
Simulators mimicking a flight above Tallinn, around-the-world journey in the yellow submarine, navigating on the Tallinn bay make this museum heaven for kids or adventurous adults.
Seaplane Harbour operates in architecturally unique hangars built almost a century ago, in 1916 and 1917, as a part of Peter the Great sea fortress. These hangars are the World’s first reinforced concrete shell structures of such a great size. Charles Lindbergh, the man who performed the first solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean, landed here in 1930s.
On the outdoor area visitors can tour a collection of historic ships, including the Suur Tõll, Europe's largest steam-powered icebreaker. | <urn:uuid:45df4bce-6235-4363-b1b5-439ecfe1e84f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.spottinghistory.com/view/5392/st-nicholas-church/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.968209 | 746 | 2.96875 | 3 |
A game is a structured kind of play usually done for the functions of home entertainment or leisure, although it can also serve as an academic device. Games vary from work, which is generally accomplished for remuneration. Art, on the other hand, typically expresses ideological or visual components. The standard concept of a video game is that it is a task that is undertaken for the advantage of others. If it is intended for home entertainment, it is commonly referred to as a “major game”.
A game is a task in which people compete with each other and adhere to a collection of guidelines. The purpose of a game is to accomplish a specific goal, such as getting to the end first. A game can be played alone or with others, however the objective is usually to beat the challenger or reach the goal first. There are many type of games, including cooperative tasks as well as role-playing. The word “game” comes from the Hebrew term gamanani, which implies “video game.” A video game can include a single contest or a group of people. game development
A video game is a pursuit that has a set of regulations as well as components. It can be played alone or with other individuals. The objective of the game is to beat one more gamer or get to a goal initially. In some cases, a video game involves collaboration or role-playing, as well as it can be played in the digital globe. Words “game” derives from the Greek gamananii (gammon). In many cases, it describes the entire encounter or private competition.
The history of video games has various interpretations. In 1938, theorist Johan Huizinga specified video games as the beginning of human activities. He suggests that the earliest items of game-playing were bones. The earliest recognized video gaming pieces, which were found in Turkey, had actually photos cut into them. The term “video game” is a combination of 2 words. In various other cases, the word is much more common and also describes a sort of competition in between individuals.
The term “game” is originated from the word gamanan, which amounts “game” in Hebrew. Sometimes, it may refer to a game where the objective is to win. The term “video game” refers to a video game that involves multiple players. It is a kind of interaction between people and also other pets. It is a form of art. It is commonly made use of in sports and also other activities. Some of these games may even be taken into consideration a social phenomenon, with the goal of making people better at the video game.
As a logical device, game theory has many applications in human behavior. The term is originated from the Greek word gamana, which implies “video game.” As a matter of fact, the word can describe any type of game that entails a collection of policies. It is also utilized for social competitions, such as video games in which individuals compete with each other. The wordgame has a wide range of significances. Specifically, a “video game” can be a role-playing strategy.
A game is a form of competition that entails relocating items. Its item varies depending on whether it’s a race or a participation game. While some video games are played with other people, the object is to reach a particular location first. Other video games, like go, include the goal of bordering more area. For example, a football video game is created to get as several objectives as possible. Its name originates from a Latin word, gamana.
A video game is a pursuit that involves policies. It can be played alone or with others, and also the purpose is to defeat other gamers or get to a goal initially. A video game can additionally be an art type, such as a computer game. It is also a popular form of amusement. While it might be hard to find an exact meaning for a “game”, its function is to amuse and inform. Most games are played with 2 people. For instance, a board game is a board game where the gamer can place items ready.
A game can be played by one person or a number of people. The things of a game differs, but the majority of commonly, video games include gamers that can communicate with each other. A game can be played by 2 or more gamers. It is played by several players. It is a form of teamwork that needs gamers to collaborate their initiatives and methods in order to win. It can be played by lots of people. Various sorts of video games are popular worldwide, such as affordable sports, parlor game, and also role-playing.
A video game might be a parlor game or an on-line game. The objective of a board or a computer game is to win by a particular number of points. Other games can be classified according to the skill degree of the gamers. Some games are really simple. Other video games are complicated and also need the player to be more advanced. No matter the sort of a specific game, it is likely that it will take some ability and also luck to do well.
A video game can be classified as a video game that entails multiple players. It can entail individuals or teams, as well as the object of each game varies by type. For example, a race-type game may involve the goal of reaching an end initially. A football game may be played to rack up objectives. The goal of a multiplayer video game can be to surround even more room. Other games involve coalitions and numerous players. Several of these video games have more than one objective, while others have different objectives.
A video game can also be a work of art. The purpose of a video game is various for various types of video games. An artwork is a piece of art work that has aesthetic and also useful elements, while a pc gaming piece is just a things that a player manipulates. This is a very wide interpretation of a video game, so a parlor game can be anything that you can picture. If you have a computer, chances are it is a video game. Especialista Google Ads Sanderson Moreira
As a whole, a game is a task that needs ability, method, and good luck. Along with these, there are games that entail relocating items on a flat surface. Some video games have a details item, while others are extra abstract. As an example, a race-type game might have an objective to reach an end initially. A football video game is a team-based game with an objective to score as many objectives as possible. A game is a video game of approach. | <urn:uuid:1897f8e7-4a46-4c01-8d62-73d0e7528b38> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bic-ah.com/2021/12/31/right-heres-what-people-are-stating-concerning-video-game/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.980233 | 1,373 | 3.015625 | 3 |
In my view, top-of-the-line methods to write an awesome essay to your faculty software or admissions private essay is by studying from actual school essay samples that worked. For faculty admission essays, it is rather important to put in writing clearly and concisely, utilizing as few phrases as you need. Most readers on admission committees are overworked, drained, and have to get to a range of different tasks that their jobs demand.
Previously, there’s been plenty of software focus on building a résumé of extracurricular activities. While being well-rounded and involved are nonetheless necessary, what schools need to see in your essay is the impact certainly one of these actions had on you. For example, many students volunteer, however what you really want to present is proof of the affect it had on you,” says Daryl Hawkins, the former dean of scholars at Eastern College. Use your essay to speak about how something changed you or how you have utilized what you learned from that activity in an even bigger sense. The shift from valuing a listing of activities to writing an essay that explains the value of a single activity permits a student to pursue something meaningful to them” and share their values with the admissions officer, says Hawkins.
Why is it essential to you that your professors are personable and care about you and your future? Or that your college has a focus on neighborhood and diversity? Spotlight this stuff in your essay. Choosing a college is likely one of the largest commitments that you’re going to make in your life, and it’s necessary that the one you decide aligns with who you’re and what you believe.
We will start by confessing that we lied to you through the title to this article: We can’t give you the magic components for writing a perfect faculty application essay as a result of there isn’t one. Conclusion Conclusion paragraph This features a abstract of the introduction and the three important elements of the essay — the physique, and a ultimate statement which provides the reader the concept the essay subject matter has come to an finish.
As she begins to read the following scholar’s Common App essay, she wonders how she is going to differentiate this software from the others. She sighs loudly, realizing that after again she’ll be studying an essay a few pupil’s Spring Break mission journey.
Painless Advice In Admissions Essay – The Facts
Fast Advice Of College Admission Essay Examples Around The Usa
We do know what a successful admission essay is. Having written dozens of outstanding essay, we’re able to do the same for you. All you’ll want to do is to place an order inside our system. See how your profile ranks among 1000’s of different students utilizing CollegeVine. Calculate your possibilities at your dream faculties and be taught what areas that you must enhance proper now — it only takes 3 minutes and it is one hundred% free.
Our school admission writing service can make all of your desires come true. We’re prepared to put in writing your admission essay following every commonplace and requirement. Having been in custom admission essay business for greater than 10 years, we are able to assure you an admission into your dream college.
Critical Aspects In College Admission Essay Examples For 2019
What ought to I write about? That is the commonest question college students have. Luckily, there are loads of subjects that can show you how to paint a stellar picture of your self for the admissions counselors. Chiapella stated a common concern seen in lots of draft essays is that students will strive too hard to craft a perfect picture of themselves quite than let their own distinctive voice shine via.
This revision may be very detailed, inserting readers within the scene of the conversation and leading into a second of fact: what is going to occur when this writer visits Michigan? The go to could be simply as detailed and will more effectively embrace some of these academic and non-academic” alternatives. This revised paragraph is focused on less but consists of a lot more.
From the time I used to be capable of realize what a university was, all I heard from my mother’s side of the family was in regards to the University of Michigan and the great heritage it has. Many a Saturday afternoon my grandfather would devote to me, by sitting me down in entrance of the tv and reminiscing in regards to the University of Michigan whereas halftime occurred during a Michigan Wolverines football recreation admission-essays.org. Later, as I grew older and universities took on larger which means, my mom and uncle, both alumni of the College of Michigan, took me to see their previous stamping grounds. From first sight, the college regarded scary because of its dimension, however with such a large school comes range of people and of educational and non-tutorial events.
College students are surprised to hear that robust software essays often aren’t about common large moments or excessive conditions. As a substitute, an efficient essay usually depicts a small second that offers a unique insight into the student’s experiences, character, and values. A couple of easy exercises can help information college students to seek out novel essay topics.
For essentially the most half, it is unlikely that you’ve experienced something extremely unusual in the comparatively brief amount of time you’ve been a human. Most high school students lead lives that don’t deviate too removed from the norm – except that one quiet man in your class who sits next to the window near the back. He’s almost actually both a genius mech pilot or the subject of some prophecy in an alternate dimension that he’ll be transported to. | <urn:uuid:9f0a4250-5d48-4287-a79d-f456ab4b81e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wonderofcappadocia.com/simple-college-admission-essay-methods-whats-needed/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.961512 | 1,171 | 1.84375 | 2 |
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History of the monument
The Abbey of Cluny was founded in 910 by William the Pious, Duke of Aquitaine. He dedicated the lands of Cluny to the apostles Peter and Paul, thus protecting the Abbey against the power of the Bishop and the local landowners. He appointed Bernon as the first Abbot. The monks followed the Benedictine Order.
Cluny became a model for reforming other monasteries. Very quickly, across Europe, the Abbey became a model for those seeking religious reorganisation, and a multitude of monasteries were placed under the dependency of Cluny.
By the end of the 11th century, Cluny Abbey was one of the most important capitals in Christian Europe. It was at the head of a network of nearly 1,400 dependencies and around 10,000 monks all over Europe. The Abbot at the time, Hugues de Semur, decided to build an Abbey church that would represent the power of God over the Earth, but also the power of Cluny. In 1088, work began on the "Maior Ecclesia", the largest Romanesque church ever built, with vaulted arches 30 metres high. A century later, the narthex was constructed. The Abbey of Cluny, the "Maior Ecclesia" or Cluny III was therefore the largest church in Christendom for nearly 400 years.
Some illustrious Abbots succeeded each other over the following centuries, such as Richelieu or Mazarin, but this could not prevent the gradual decline of the once powerful Abbey. However, towards 1750, the monastic buildings were rebuilt and the Abbey was given a vast complex in a classical style. The monks hardly had time to occupy the new premises as the Revolution began shortly after the works were completed. The monks were then expelled and dispersed into the surrounding parishes and the buildings were seized as national assets and put up for sale.
The immense church was bought by materials merchants who used it for quarrystone and gradually dismantled this masterpiece of Romanesque art.
Today, the parts that remain, such as the Southern arm of the large transept or the small Southern transept, give us an idea of the immensity of this building. A number of other elements survive: the enclosure wall and its towers, the monastic buildings from the 18th century, and the Farinier, a 13th century building which now houses the sculpted capitals from the choir of the "Maior Ecclesia". The Museum of Art and Archaeology displays a number of sculpted remains from the church and the monastic district.
A 3D film at the start of the visit to the Abbey shows how the Abbey would have looked in its heyday.
CLUNY, ABBEY OF
A Benedictine abbey of primary importance in the reform of the Church in the Middle Ages, located in the Rh ô ne Valley (Burgundy), Diocese of M â con, department of Sa ô ne-et-Loire.
Foundation and Buildings. On Sept. 2, 909, Duke William of Aquitaine offered Bl. berno the territory of Cluny on which he planned to build a monastery under the patronage of SS. Peter and Paul and which he exempted from all temporal authority except that of the Holy See. The successive stages of the buildings at Cluny have been the subject of intensive study by K. J. Conant. Berno replaced the original oratory with a church begun in 910 (Cluny I) this church, razed by majolus, was replaced by Cluny II, which was dedicated in 981. The monastery was rebuilt by odilo. Under hugh, Cluny III was an immense church completed c. 1113, and dedicated by innocent ii in 1130. Its main altar had been consecrated by urban ii in 1095. This sumptuous basilica influenced the Romanesque architecture of Burgundy (paray-lemonial, etc.) and the monumental sculpture of France and Spain in the 12th century. Six centuries later, during the tenure of Frederick Jerome de la Rochefoucauld (1747 – 57), the monastery was partially replaced by structures still in existence. The old basilica was almost totally destroyed during the 1798 to 1823 period.
Abbots and Monks. The list of abbots has been carefully established by G. de Valous [Dictionnaire d'histoire et de g é ographie eccl é siastiques, ed. A. Baudrillart et al. 13 (1956) 40 – 135]. Several of these had a hand in the making of medieval Europe. odo of cluny (927 – 942), Berno's successor, was the first of a series of abbots who during two centuries enabled Cluny to play its important role. Majolus (948 – 994), Odilo (994 – 1049), and Hugh (1049 – 109) were saints who epitomized the Cluniac ideal. Besides being counselors to the German emperors and diplomats in the service of popes and kings, the abbots of Cluny strove to create an authentic monastic spirit in their concern for the interests of the Church and the needs of the time. Many monasteries introduced internal reforms and adopted Cluniac customs priories were founded and gradually united by the adoption of common observance in essential matters. Together these formed an Ordo cluniacensis, which progressively became an order (i.e., a grouping of monasteries under the sole authority of the abbot of Cluny) under Odilo, Hugh, and their successors (see cluniac reform). Until the 12th century, the growth of the Cluniac properties was rapid. Cluniac "provinces" were established in France, Germany, England, Italy, and Spain, totaling 1,184 houses at the peak of the order's development (beginning of 12th century). Enjoying canonical exemption and temporal immunity, they were subject only to the Apostolic See.
Under Pons de Melgueil (1109 – 22) a less glorious period began, even though the prestige of Cluny remained great. peter the venerable (1122 – 57) engaged in a series of animated discussions with bernard of clairvaux concerning Cluniac observance. Despite the fact that the statutes were reformed in 1132, the vitality of Cluny diminished, especially because of difficult economic conditions. Subsequent abbots, chosen often from the great feudal families (Clermont, Anjou, Alsace, etc.), engaged in national or local struggles, and at the end of the 13th century, the order became completely national and French. Unfortunately the popes, with a view to remedying the deplorable state of the Curia's finances, conceded Cluniac priories in commendam, and certain abbots preferred to reside in Avignon rather than at Cluny. Jean de Bourbon (1456 – 85) was the last regular abbot. The commendatory abbots left a part of the government in the hands of vicars-general, but Cluny declined rapidly despite efforts at reform, especially in the 17th century. The order was divided into the Old Observance and the Strict Observance. On Feb. 19, 1790, Cluny came to an end juridically. The number of monks living in the Abbey of Cluny varied. There were 76 at the time of Odilo's election (994) more than 400 at the beginning of the 12th century 140 during the abbacy of Eymard Gouffier (1518 – 28) 72 in 1635 and 36 in 1725.
Legislation and Observance. At the time Cluny's foundation, Berno introduced the usages of Baume, i.e., the Rule of St. benedict as adapted by the legislation of benedict of aniane (see benedictine rule). At the beginning of the 11th century, the first customary appeared. It was a liturgical directory founded on usage, not on law. Several redactions, even for Cluny itself, are known. Under Abbot Odilo: the Antiquiores consuetudines (B), c. 1000 to 1015 and the Consuetudines Farfenses, c. 1030 to 1049. During the tenure of Hugh: the Consuetudines Bernardi, c. 1070 and the Consuetudines Udalrici, c. 1080 to 1083. The Consuetudines are descriptive rather than regulatory and do not contain the entire observance. When the needs of the order demanded, as they did during the terms of Peter the Venerable (1132) and Jean de Bourbon (1458), the Statuta were revised. Religious observance varied during the eight centuries of the abbey's existence. The daughter abbeys, moreover, were not required to follow the same observances as Cluny, for the customary was essentially flexible and devoid of legalism.
Cultural and Liturgical Life. Cluny's influence was not the result merely of the strong personalities of its abbots. Its monastic spirit was due to the hundreds of monks who generously consented to live the Cluniac observance of prayer and work, and whom Callistus II, in 1120, called "the mirror of monastic observance in modern times" (Patrologia Latina, ed. J. P. Migne, 180:1164D). The cultural and artistic activity of Cluny surpassed that of all other monastic centers, with the exception of monte cassino (see cluniac art and architecture). Texts cited by J. Leclercq show that Cluny joined a profound spirituality with broad culture. The library had 570 volumes in the 12th century and Cluniac writings reveal essentially biblical, patristic, and historical orientation, which attached importance to the authors of classical antiquity.
The primacy of the liturgy in Cluniac observance did not impede individual work and private prayer. Most of the additional liturgical offices that brought on Cluny the accusation of "ritualism" had accumulated prior to Cluny. The customaries and statutes provided for many mitigations and dispensations (especially with regard to the monks entrusted with conventual functions). The weekly liturgy was essentially the same as that of the Rule of St. Benedict, with various supplements and with an amount of solemnity measured by the importance of a feast. The temporal and sanctoral cycles were related to the Roman rite, with local and monastic usages. A long and sometimes exhausting liturgy seems not to have excluded an air of joy and contentment.
Bibliography: l. h. cottineau, R é pertoire topobibliographique des abbayes et prieur é s, 2 v. (M â con 1935 – 39) 1:816 – 25, with bibliog. k. j. conant, "Mediaeval Academy Excavations at Cluny, VIII: Final Stages of the Project," Speculum 29(1954) 1 – 43 "Mediaeval Academy Excavations at Cluny, IX: Systematic Dimensions in the Buildings," ibid. 38 (1963) 1 – 45 "New Results in the Study of Cluny Monastery," Journal of the Society of Architectural History 16 (October 1957) 3 – 11 "Measurements and Proportions of the Great Church at Cluny," Beitr ä ge zu Kunstgeschichte und Arch ä ologie des Fr ü hmittelalters 22 (1960) 230 – 38. p. schmitz, "La Liturgie de Cluny," Spiritualit à cluniacense (Todi 1960) 83 – 99. j. leclercq, "Spiritualit é et culture à C1uny," ibid. 101 – 51, with bibliography Aux Sources de la spiritualit é occidentale (Paris 1964). k. hallinger, ed., Corpus consuetudinum monasticarum (Siegburg 1963 – ), ed. of Cluniac customaries. For additional bibliography, see cluniac reform.
About this page
APA citation. Alston, G.C. (1908). Congregation of Cluny. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04073a.htm
MLA citation. Alston, George Cyprian. "Congregation of Cluny." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04073a.htm>.
Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by John D. Beetham.
Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. Remy Lafort, Censor. Imprimatur. +John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York.
The Passage Galilée - Cluny Abbey - model of Cluny III
A visit to Cluny Abbey, the visit would take around an hour.
Cluny Abbey (or Cluni, or Clugny, French pronunciation: [klyni]) is a former Benedictine monastery in Cluny, Saône-et-Loire, France. It was dedicated to St Peter. The abbey was constructed in the Romanesque architectural style, with three churches built in succession from the 4th to the early 12th centuries. The earliest basilica was the world's largest church until the St. Peter's Basilica construction began in Rome.
Cluny was founded by William I, Duke of Aquitaine in 910. He nominated Berno as the first Abbot of Cluny, subject only to Pope Sergius III. The abbey was notable for its stricter adherence to the Rule of St. Benedict, whereby Cluny became acknowledged as the leader of western monasticism. The establishment of the Benedictine Order was a keystone to the stability of European society that was achieved in the 11th century. In 1790 during the French Revolution, the abbey was sacked and mostly destroyed, with only a small part of the Abbey surviving.
Starting around 1334, the Abbots of Cluny maintained a townhouse in Paris known as the Hôtel de Cluny, which has been a public museum since 1843. Apart from the name, it no longer possesses anything originally connected with Cluny.
In 2007 the Abbey of Cluny was the first site to receive the "European Heritage" label.
The Passage Galilée ensured the junction between the abbey church and the galilee of Cluny II. It's present state is a result of 19th century refurbishments.
CLUNIAC AND CISTERCIAN ARCHITECTURE IThe only well preserved remnants of the abbey church of Cluny III ( Cluny, Saône-et-Loire, France): a transept and its tower, called “of the Holy Water”. This is all that remains from the Cluny abbey, at its time the biggest abbey complex in all the West, later destroyed during the French Revolution.
The reform of the Order of Saint Benedict carried out by the French monks of the Abbey of Cluny had important artistic consequences. Until then all the existing Benedictine abbeys had no more in common than the precepts of their founder there was no general common authority for the whole Order. Over time the Benedictine monasteries, reformed by Charlemagne’s initiative, had relapsed in disorder and immoralities as a consequence, within the Order itself slowly developed a sentiment aimed to restored the ancient Benedictine spirit and piety long lost. The final reform started in Cluny, a Benedictine monastery in Burgundy (France) founded in the early tenth century. Its initial idea was to end the disintegration and independence of the different Benedictine abbeys. Initially, this reform was not meant to be universal, since only wanted to group the Order’s monasteries under a minimum hierarchy in order to maintain discipline. But it was only through the work of St. Odo and St. Majolus, the second abbots of Cluny, that the Order of St. Benedict acquired new splendor.
Under these circumstances, Cluny can be considered as a new Montecassino because it can be said that under its rule the Benedictine Order was reborn. Cluny was fortunate to have had a series of truly eminent abbots. The second abbot, Odo (927-942) promoted the aggregation of the Benedictine monasteries around a principal one. The Cluniac organization quickly spread as Cluny also founded subsidiary abbeys (which were in turn new religious centers around which smaller Benedictine houses were aggregated), and as kings and nobles greatly facilitated the implementation of the new reform by offering the Benedictine houses of their own states.
Remains of the nave of the once vast monastery church of the Cluny Abbey. Reconstruction of the abbey church of Cluny III.
So it is not surprising that the rebuilding of the church of the abbey of Cluny, thanks to the unlimited resources available for the Order, resulted in the construction of what became the greatest Western church of all Christendom, even greater than the basilicas of the Apostles in Rome. The early small church of Duke William, built under Abbot Berno, had already been replaced by the so-called Cluny II (built between 955 and 1000), which was in turn destroyed to build Cluny III following a colossal design begun in 1088. This temple had a long narthex with three naves so vast inside that could hold a great church after passing a door decorated with countless sculptures there were the five naves of the basilica also with two transepts, each with several apses or chapels, and a large choir at the far end including apsidioles and ambulatory. Over the posterior transept was a fine octagonal lantern tower, and on the anterior transept close to the sanctuary, was the so called Tower of the Lamps. On each side of the narthex’ door were two large square bell towers with their arrows, one for the archives and the other for the Abbey’s prison or confinement place. The immense central nave was covered with a barrel vault, while the lateral naves were so with groin vaults. Little is known about the sculptures adorning the main door and that represented the Lord in Majesty in the act of blessing within an almond-shape halo and accompanied by angels and the four Evangelists. It seems that this gigantic temple was completely finished when it was consecrated on December 15, 1097, nine years after the first stone was laid. Beside the church was the cloister surrounded by the refectory*, kitchen, warehouses, libraries, and two houses for the abbots located outside the core of the monastery.
Reconstruction of the complex of the Cluny Abbey.
All of the monastery’s buildings, as well as its orchards and gardens, were enclosed inside a big wall, and another fortified wall also surrounded the small town of Cluny stretching on a slope of a nearby hill. Cluny remained intact until the French Revolution, but today nothing remains from the great church and the monastery, except for a portion of one of the transepts and one tower. In these few preserved remains there are already pointed or ogival arches*, and the capitals of the apse show a style saturated with an aesthetic intellectualism characteristic of the Cluniac monks.
The Vézelay Abbey church, (Vézelay, Yonne department, northern Burgundy, France). The Benedictine abbey church is now known as the Basilica of Sainte-Marie-Madeleine (Saint Mary Magdalene) and includes a complicated cycle of imagery in its sculpted capitals and portals in a whole considered as one of the outstanding masterpieces of Burgundian Romanesque art and architecture.
If from this colossal cluster of buildings belonging to Cluny abbey there are no more than ruined relics, the contrary can be said about the almost intact remains of one of its subsidiary abbeys: Vézelay, also in Burgundy, with its great church provided with a spacious atrium and an apse with ambulatory, which represented in a smaller scale a reduced copy of what should have been the great mother church of the Cluny abbey.
The abbey of Vézelay was famous because housed the remains of St. Magdalene and as a consequence was an important place of international pilgrimage. This church only has three naves, but the decorative richness of capitals and imposts is the same exhibited in all other Cluniac constructions. The starts of the vaults are decorated with beautiful strips of intertwined vine stems, and the capitals show multiple biblical or symbolic scenes between whimsical spirals of vine or ivy stems all stylized. The monuments of the Order of Cluny have this fantastic multitude of tiny animals: birds, centaurs and lions, prophets and singers, all tangled between spirals of plant decoration. The decorative style of ornamental friezes, with tiny sculptures, full of birds, men and animals between curled vine leaves, was applied not only to architecture but also to small luxury items, furniture and pieces of jewelry. This decorative style spread from France throughout Europe in such profusion that it was not surprising that soon began a strong reaction against it and in favor of the traditional humility initially associated with the Benedictine Order.
A view of the main nave, Vézelay Abbey. Central panel of one of the nave’s historiated capitals of Vezélay abbey representing Lust and Despair: here, the Despair is portrayed as an open-mouthed demon with burning hair, while plunging a sword into his own stomach. Right side panel of one of the nave’s historiated capitals of Vezélay abbey representing Lust and Despair: here is portrayed the punishment of lust, a nude woman being bitten by serpents.
One of the nave’s historiated capitals of Vezélay abbey: a basilisk, at left, faces two grotesque creatures on the other side of the capital. The basilisk is a fabulous creature with the head and wings of a rooster and the body of a serpent. At right, a humanoid figure stands behind a grasshopper-like creature. The human-like figure has a round head and holds a vase-like object with both hands. The creature below him has scales like a fish, wings, lion-like feet, a mustache and horns.
The Cluniac reform was aimed with the major desire to achieve greater discipline, establishing a hierarchy among formerly independent monasteries, but this centralized regime triggered the excessive enrichment of the Order which led to another sin: pride, and another immorality: the abuse of power. This was a second relapse forcing a new reform. This reform took place in the monastery of Cîteaux (Latin: Cistercium), also in Burgundy, on the initiative of St. Bernard, the spiritual brother of Peter the Hermit preacher of the First Crusade. The Cistercian Order was not, like Cluny, a completely new type of religious doctrine: in early eleventh century three monks from the monastery of Molesme led by the Abbot Robert of Molesme, who vainly had tried to reform their own abbey, left for Lyon and once there, with four other monks, asked the bishop to grant them a secluded place where they could practice the rule of St. Benedict in all its rigor. The permission was granted and joined by another 21 monks, they settled in the desert wilderness of Cîteaux, in the diocese of Châlons. The Cistercian monks were to live solely on manual labor and to avoid reaching the excessive richness of Cluniac monasteries, they refused on every occasion the few donations they were offered.
Refectory: (from the Latin reficere or refectorium meaning “a place one goes to be restored”). A space destined as a dining room in a monastery.
Pointed or Ogival Arch: An arch with a narrow and pointed apex like the head of a spear. It is the arch characteristic of Gothic architecture and one of the defining characteristics of the Gothic style. Pointed arches were used in the Near East in pre-Islamic as well as Islamic architecture before they were employed structurally in medieval architecture.
Ogive(s): In Gothic architecture, ogives are the intersecting transverse ribs of arches that establish the surface of a Gothic vault.
Model of Cluny Abbey - History
L'Abbaye de Cluny
There can be no getting away from the importance of the Abbey of Cluny in the history of Burgundy. But if you visit this popular site, keep past glories in the forefront of your mind. Only about a tenth of the great monastery of Cluny remains and a visit is rather a 'virtual' tour. The advice of a professional guide is to watch the excellent audio visual presentation when you arrive to set the scene of events.
For it was here in the 12th C that Gregorian chants filled the air. There were grandiose ceremonies, glorified with gold and incense, magnificent paintings and mosaics, and hundreds of Benedictine monks worshipped. They believed that praising God in such a setting was preparation for the life hereafter.
Such was the might of Cluny that it controlled the lives of multi thousands of people in affiliated monasteries throughout Christendom from Scotland to Poland. The abbey was able to start crusades, and punished offenders with excommunication.
The wealth of the monastery was unimaginable and the abbey, Cluny III which resulted from it, was the largest in the world and the pinnacle of Romanesque architecture. Through Divine Office, devotion to the dead was magnified, and all those who associated themselves, through donations, benefited from the perpetual prayers of the monks. All Souls’ Day on November 2nd resulted, still celebrated by the Catholic Church today.
Choir capital built circa 1275
Cluny III, initiated by St Hugues of Semur (1049-1109) took 40 years to complete. It had five altars, four major steeples, two towers and double aisles. It was the longest building in Christendom until St Peter’s in Rome was rebuilt. The Order of Cluny continued through ups and downs, counting Cardinal Richelieu amongst its abbots. Rome became more powerful, the King of France eroded the powers of the Church and the Revolution finally put an end to Cluny in 1791. The building survived this onslaught but unbelievably, the magnificent abbey was demolished for building materials in the early 19th C. What was left of the monastic buildings became an arts and crafts college, still in existence today.
The section of the abbey still remaining is the great transept which shows the enormous height of the original building. The atmosphere of past glory however has disappeared and you are left with computer graphics to piece together the history.
For anyone interested in Romanesque architecture Autun, Vézelay and St-Philibert’s Abbey in Tournus are probably more rewarding.
L’Abbaye de Cluny is open every day except Jan 1, May 1, Nov 1 & 11 and Dec 25
There is a museum of archaeology and art on the site.
the route to Santiago de Compostela
One of the pilgrimage footpaths to Santiago de Compostela in Spain leaves from Cluny to reach Le Puy-en-Velay, starting point of the “Via Podiensis”, the oldest of the 4 roads leading to Santiago de Compostela. From Cluny Abbey to Le Puy-en-Velay, the 315 km are divided into 14 stages to guide the pilgrims to the busiest of the 4 historic routes. The attractiveness of these roads comes first from the beauty of its route, the architectural treasures that mark it out, but also the presence of a strong hospitality and accommodation facility.
The Cluniac (Clunian) Reform was a series of changes within medieval monasticism. The reforms focused on restoring the traditional life in the monasteries. Monasteries should encourage the production of artworks. They should also care for the poor.
The reform is named after the Abbey of Cluny in Burgundy. It started in the Benedictine order there. The reform was largely carried out by Saint Odo. It spread through France (Burgundy, Provence, Auvergne, Poitou), England and much of Italy and Spain.
The reform was stated, because there was corruption in the Benedictine order. People thought this corruption came because people that were not priests and that came from outside the monasteries interfered with them. A Benetictine monastery needed land. This land was given by a Feudal lord. By giving the land, the lord would become the patron of the monastery. However, he would often demand the right to interfere in the business of the monastery. The Cluny reform was an attempt to change this practice. A more independent abbot would have better success at enforcing the Rule of the order, it was thought. William of Aquitaine formed the first Cluny monastery in 910 with the novel stipulation that the monastery would report directly to the pope rather than to a local lord. This meant essentially that the monastery would be independent, since the pope's authority was largely theoretical at that distance.
During its height (about 950–c.1130) the Cluniac movement was one of the largest religious forces in Europe. Among the most notable reform supporters were Pope Urban II, Lambert of Hersfeld and Abbot Richard of Saint Vannes at Verdun. The Cluniacs were supporters of the Peace of God concept, as well as pilgrimages to the Holy Lands.
Model of Cluny Abbey - History
REQUIRED READING : Benedict XVI, Cluniac Reform, General Audience, Paul VI Audience Hall Wednesday, 11 November 2009
Dear Brothers and Sisters,
This morning I would like to speak to you about a monastic movement that was very important in the Middle Ages and which I have already mentioned in previous Catecheses. It is the Order of Cluny which at the beginning of the 12 th century, at the height of its expansion, had almost 1,200 monasteries: a truly impressive figure! A monastery was founded at Cluny in 910, precisely 1,100 years ago, and subsequent to the donation of William the Pious, Duke of Aquitaine, was placed under the guidance of Abbot Berno. At that time Western monasticism, which had flourished several centuries earlier with St Benedict, was experiencing a severe decline for various reasons: unstable political and social conditions due to the continuous invasions and sacking by peoples who were not integrated into the fabric of Europe, widespread poverty and, especially, the dependence of abbeys on the local nobles who controlled all that belonged to the territories under their jurisdiction. In this context, Cluny was the heart and soul of a profound renewal of monastic life that led it back to its original inspiration.
At Cluny the Rule of St Benedict was restored with several adaptations which had already been introduced by other reformers. The main objective was to guarantee the central role that the Liturgy must have in Christian life. The Cluniac monks devoted themselves with love and great care to the celebration of the Liturgical Hours, to the singing of the Psalms, to processions as devout as they were solemn, and above all, to the celebration of Holy Mass. They promoted sacred music, they wanted architecture and art to contribute to the beauty and solemnity of the rites they enriched the liturgical calendar with special celebrations such as, for example, at the beginning of November, the Commemoration of All Souls, which we too have just celebrated and they intensified the devotion to the Virgin Mary. Great importance was given to the Liturgy because the monks of Cluny were convinced that it was participation in the liturgy of Heaven. And the monks felt responsible for interceding at the altar of God for the living and the dead, given large numbers of the faithful were insistently asking them to be remembered in prayer. Moreover, it was with this same aim that William the Pious had desired the foundation of the Abbey of Cluny. In the ancient document that testifies to the foundation we read: "With this gift I establish that a monastery of regulars be built at Cluny in honor of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul, where monks who live according to the Rule of St Benedict shall gather. so that a venerable sanctuary of prayer with vows and supplications may be visited there, and the heavenly life be sought after and yearned for with every desire and with deep ardor, and that assiduous prayers, invocations and supplications be addressed to the Lord". To preserve and foster this atmosphere of prayer, the Cluniac Rule emphasized the importance of silence, to which discipline the monks willingly submitted, convinced that the purity of the virtues to which they aspired demanded deep and constant recollection. It is not surprising that before long the Monastery of Cluny gained a reputation for holiness and that many other monastic communities decided to follow its discipline. Numerous princes and Popes asked the abbots of Cluny to extend their reform so that in a short time a dense network of monasteries developed that were linked to Cluny, either by true and proper juridical bonds or by a sort of charismatic affiliation. Thus a spiritual Europe gradually took shape in the various regions of France and in Italy, Spain, Germany and Hungary.
Cluny's success was assured primarily not only by the lofty spirituality cultivated there but also by several other conditions that ensured its development. In comparison with what had happened until then, the Monastery of Cluny and the communities dependent upon it were recognized as exempt from the jurisdiction of the local Bishops and were directly subject to that of the Roman Pontiff. This meant that Cluny had a special bond with the See of Peter and, precisely because of the protection and encouragement of the Pontiffs the ideals of purity and fidelity proposed by the Cluniac Reform spread rapidly. Furthermore, the abbots were elected without any interference from the civil authorities, unlike what happened in other places. Truly worthy people succeeded one another at the helm of Cluny and of the numerous monastic communities dependent upon it: Abbot Odo of Cluny, of whom I spoke in a Catechesis two months ago, and other great figures such as Eymard, Majolus, Odilo and especially Hugh the Great, who served for long periods, thereby assuring stability and the spread of the reform embarked upon. As well as Odo, Majolus, Odilo and Hugh are venerated as Saints.
Not only did the Cluniac Reform have positive effects in the purification and reawakening of monastic life but also in the life of the universal Church. In fact, the aspiration to evangelical perfection was an incentive to fight two great abuses that afflicted the Church in that period: simony, that is the acquisition of pastoral offices for money, and immorality among the secular clergy. The abbots of Cluny with their spiritual authority, the Cluniac monks who became Bishops and some of them even Popes, took the lead in this impressive action of spiritual renewal. And it yielded abundant fruit: celibacy was once again esteemed and practised by priests and more transparent procedures were introduced in the designation of ecclesiastical offices.
Also significant were the benefits that monasteries inspired by the Cluniac Reform contributed to society. At a time when Church institutions alone provided for the poor, charity was practised with dedication. In all the houses, the almoner was bound to offer hospitality to needy wayfarers and pilgrims, travelling priests and religious and especially the poor, who came asking for food and a roof over their heads for a few days. Equally important were two other institutions promoted by Cluny that were characteristic of medieval civilization: the "Truce of God" and the "Peace of God". In an epoch heavily marked by violence and the spirit of revenge, with the "Truces of God" long periods of non-belligerence were guaranteed, especially on the occasion of specific religious feasts and certain days of the week. With "the Peace of God", on pain of a canonical reprimand, respect was requested for defenceless people and for sacred places.
In this way, in the conscience of the peoples of Europe during that long process of gestation, which was to lead to their ever clearer recognition two fundamental elements for the construction of society matured, namely, the value of the human person and the primary good of peace. Furthermore, as happened for other monastic foundations, the Cluniac monasteries had likewise at their disposal extensive properties which, diligently put to good use, helped to develop the economy. Alongside the manual work there was no lack of the typical cultural activities of medieval monasticism such as schools for children, the foundation of libraries and scriptoria for the transcription of books.
In this way, 1,000 years ago when the development of the European identity had gathered momentum, the experience of Cluny, which had spread across vast regions of the European continent, made its important and precious contribution. It recalled the primacy of spiritual benefits it kept alive the aspiration to the things of God it inspired and encouraged initiatives and institutions for the promotion of human values it taught a spirit of peace. Dear brothers and sisters let us pray that all those who have at heart an authentic humanism and the future of Europe may be able to rediscover, appreciate and defend the rich cultural and religious heritage of these centuries.
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This model (French, "maquette") by the French company L'Instant Durable for the Cluny Abbey is not a bad first choice for the beginner architectural paper modeling hobbyest. The model is fairly large, and the pieces themselves are, for the most part, larger than some of the more sophisticated types of paper building models (see below). It's not to say that this is an EASY model to put together, for it, like the others listed below, require many weeks of careful and methodical attention if they are to finalize into a well-executed model. But because of the the (relatively) large scale pieces and the actual number of pieces in the model, this is a good maquette on which to cut your teeth in this very enjoyable and rewarding hobby.
This particular model opens up in the middle after construction to reveal the inner main chapel interior. This means that you have the option of either leaving the model open on display so that parts of the interior are showing, or you can leave the two major components connected to show a single, completed building (and no apparent traces can be seen that the model opens up, so you can choose either configuration). What I typically do is leave it in closed position, and then, if someone shows interest in looking at the model, I open it up before their eyes. Most people are very intrigued and interested when you do this!
This model is a 250:1 scale, and consists of 300 pieces on medium-weight paper stock. It is a model of the real Cluny Abbey, now destroyed, which was once the largest church in Europe before it was cannibalized to use its cut stones in other building projects. The ruins that still exist today--nothing more than a few lower walls and one tower--are marked in a subtil way on the model so that this aspect of the building can also be examined. Very cool.
I might add that another excellent model from the same company is the Sainte-Chapelle (Paris): Scale Architectual Paper Model , which is much, much smaller, contains far fewer pieces, and also adds the unique "opening" feature of the Cluny model here. You assemble the model by cutting and scoring the pieces as marked, then attaching them in the designated sequence using the part numbering system. Some instructions are included, but you will need to figure out some things as you go because the instructions are not always as detailed as you wish. But take your time, build an understanding before you procede in each section, and you can do it! The results can be simply amazing.
I highly recommend this model as a five star, particularly if you are looking for a modeling craft that is unusual and enjoyed by those who come across your work. The models by L'Instant Durable are difficult to find outside of France, but, occasionally, you will see them show up in Amazon. Grab them when they do. They are expensive, but even expensive in Europe. | <urn:uuid:116ec4da-c98e-4253-80ba-d70fc608f710> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ph.ciwanekurd.net/9040-model-of-cluny-abbey.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.964818 | 8,818 | 3.640625 | 4 |
Innate, nonspecific defenses are general protection mechanisms that attempt to either stop pathogens from invading the body or quickly eliminate pathogens that do manage to invade. They are genetically programmed (innate) and “ready to go,” in contrast to adaptive, specific defenses, which take time to develop after a pathogen or toxin has been recognized as nonself. In mammals, innate defenses include physical barriers as well as cellular and chemical defenses (FIGURE 39.3).
Go to MEDIA CLIP 39.1 The Chase Is On: Phagocyte versus Bacteria
The first line of innate defense is encountered by a potential pathogen as soon as it lands on the surface of the animal. Consider a pathogenic bacterium that lands on human skin. The challenges (physical, chemical, and biological) faced by the bacterium just to invade the body are formidable:
If a pathogen lands inside the nose or another internal organ, it faces other innate defenses:
Pathogens that are able to penetrate the body’s outer and inner surfaces encounter a second line of innate defenses. These include the activation of defensive cells. In some animals and plants, this activation involves recognition of nonself molecules by a class of receptors called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). In mammals, these receptors are mainly present on phagocytes and natural killer cells. The Toll-like receptor shown in Figure 39.1 is an example. The molecules recognized by PRRs are called pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). These are molecules that are unique to large classes of microbes, such as bacterial flagellin and fungal chitin. Other well-known PAMPs include bacterial lipopolysaccharide, found in bacterial cell membranes, and nucleic acid variants that are unique to viruses, such as double-stranded RNA. Binding of PAMPs to PRRs stimulates signal transduction pathways that lead to a variety of responses. One response is the production of antimicrobial peptides such as defensins (see above). Other responses include phagocytosis of invading organisms, activation of natural killer cells, activation of the complement system, and production of cytokines.
Pathogenic cells, viruses, and virus-infected cells can be recognized by phagocytes, which then ingest the invaders by phagocytosis:
Once inside the phagocyte, the invader is killed either by hydrolysis within the lysosomes (see Figure 4.9) or by defensins.
Natural Killer Cells
One class of lymphocytes, known as natural killer cells, can distinguish between healthy body cells and those that are infected by viruses or have become cancerous. In the latter cases they initiate apoptosis (programmed cell death; see Concept 7.5) in the target cells. In addition to this nonspecific action, natural killer cells interact with the adaptive defense mechanisms by lysing target cells that have been tagged with antibodies.
Vertebrate blood contains more than 20 different proteins that make up the antimicrobial complement system. Once this system has been activated, the proteins function in a characteristic sequence, or cascade, with each protein activating the next:
The complement system can be activated by various mechanisms, including the innate and adaptive immune systems. In the latter case, the complement cascade is initiated by the binding of a complement protein to an antibody bound to the surface of the invading cell.
Cytokines are signaling proteins that are released by many cell types. Cytokines that are produced in response to PRR activation include inflammatory cytokines (some interleukins and tumor necrosis factor; see below) and interferons, which help increase the resistance of neighboring cells to infection. Interferons are found in many vertebrates, and their production is induced by a variety of molecules. One such inducer is double-stranded viral RNA; thus interferons are particularly important in defense against viruses. Interferons bind to receptors on the cell membranes of uninfected cells, stimulating a signaling pathway that inhibits viral reproduction if the cells are subsequently infected. In addition, interferons stimulate the cells to hydrolyze bacterial or viral proteins to peptides, an initial step in adaptive immunity.
When a tissue is damaged because of infection or injury, the body responds with inflammation: redness, swelling, and heat near the damaged site, which can then become painful. This response can happen almost anywhere in the body, internally as well as on the outer surface. Inflammation is an important phenomenon: it isolates the area to stop the spread of the damage; it recruits cells and molecules to the damaged location to kill any pathogens that might be present; and it promotes healing.
Among the first responders to tissue damage are mast cells, which adhere to the skin and the linings of organs and release numerous chemical signals, including:
The redness and heat of inflammation result from the dilation of blood vessels in the infected or injured area (FIGURE 39.4). Phagocytes enter the inflamed area, where they engulf pathogens and dead tissue cells. Phagocytes are responsible for most of the healing associated with inflammation. They produce several cytokines, which (among other functions) can signal the brain to produce a fever. This rise in body temperature accelerates lymphocyte production and phagocytosis, thereby speeding the immune response. In some cases pathogens are temperature-sensitive, and their growth is inhibited by the fever. The pain of inflammation results from increased pressure due to swelling, the action of leaked enzymes on nerve endings, and the action of prostaglandins, which increase the sensitivity of the nerve endings to pain. (Recall that in Chapter 3 we described aspirin and how it alleviates pain by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins.)
Go to ACTIVITY 39.1 Inflammation Response
Following inflammation, pus may accumulate. Pus is a mixture of leaked fluid and dead cells: bacteria, white blood cells, and damaged body cells. Pus is a normal result of inflammation, and is gradually consumed and further digested by macrophages. If there is a wound, platelets—small, irregularly shaped cell fragments that are present in the blood—aggregate at the wound site. The platelets produce growth factors that stimulate nearby skin cells to divide and heal the wound.
Although inflammation is generally a good thing, sometimes the inflammatory response is inappropriately strong:
In most instances innate immunity is sufficient to block a pathogen from affecting the body. But many pathogens are present in huge numbers (think of a viral infection), and some may escape the innate defenses and begin to proliferate in the body. In these cases, adaptive immunity takes over. | <urn:uuid:468f9b1a-3aeb-426e-ac09-f9fcb3c52ff8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.macmillanhighered.com/BrainHoney/Resource/6716/digital_first_content/trunk/test/hillis2e/hillis2e_ch39_3.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.944994 | 1,426 | 4.0625 | 4 |
We can safely say, that we are now deep in the throes of a crisis of education, across the country. The crisis has been brewing for a long time, but our attention has been recently drawn to it by way of the new regulation mandating minimum 75% attendance for Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) students.
If this change comes about, JNU will join the majority of higher education institutions in enforcing disciplinary measures to monitor students’ whereabouts. The question of regulating attendance, however, merits a wider discussion, as it moulds our vision for education at large. The present crisis therefore is not just a ‘JNU issue’.
Over the last three decades, the educational landscape of India has transformed dramatically. Private institutions and universities have emerged in large numbers.
The out-of-date figures published on the MHRD website reveal that presently, there are 45 central universities, 318 state universities, 185 private universities, 129 deemed to be universities, and 52 institutions of national importance, in the country. In addition, there are 37,204 colleges out of which over 20,000 are private colleges, roughly 700 are administered by the Central government and the remaining by state governments.
While not all of them deliver what they promise, it shouldn’t be overlooked that some among them are indeed attempting to construct pedagogies and curricula that are more relevant to our times. What really is fuelling this drive for innovation is a combination of dissatisfaction with traditional educational pedagogies, a desire to make learning more relevant, and the vulnerabilities of an unsubsidised industry trying to stay afloat, all of which are resulting in a radical restructuring of the traditional university into a new kind of organisational creature, influencing the very concept of education and what it stands for.
A central aspect of the reinvention of the conventional university is the growing and alarming culture of surveillance in private institutions. One of the primary aims of this surveillance is to assess faculty accountability, by notching up the total number of hours they work every day. Unfortunately, tabulation relies upon documented records of faculty’s physical presence on campus.
Kavita Singh on the fuss about attendance at JNU
Rajat Datta on the imposition of compulsory attendance in JNU
JNU students gherao admin block to protest compulsory attendance
The rise of this culture of measuring intellectual labour through the limited prism of ‘in class’ or ‘on campus’ poses a great threat to the very sense of education as a sustained love affair with ideas, art, literature, practice, and discipline. It is symptomatic of the challenges we encounter in calibrating creative work (teaching and research in the arts and humanities involve a fair bit of creativity and imagination) that restrict ‘affective labour’ to time-bound slots.
Italian feminists like Mariarosa Della Costa and Silvia Federici used ‘affective’ in the 1970s as a defining category for unrecognised domestic labour, that produced emotional and sensory responses. The term since has got fresh attention in the more recent work of Michael Hardt (1999).
Ironically, the segregation of ‘work time’ from ‘leisure time’, is an utopia shared both by Marxists and capitalists. In Modern Times, a remarkable film about the governance of time and productivity, Charlie Chaplin’s body gradually loses its own rhythm to uncontrollably mimic the repetitive motion of industrial machines. Modern Times is a classical representation of the Marxist idea of work and labour, considered as being both demanding and punishing. However, creative and affective labour, pose different kinds of questions about work that one draws pleasure from.
There is a serious problem when educational institutes adopt practices from the corporate and industrial worlds in measuring accountability. The fundamental difference in the two kinds of works is that the work of an educationist is to persist in life-long inquiry into subjects, through teaching and research, one enriching the other. If one must find the closest common political economy to understand modern education, it could be classified as ‘immaterial labour’ in the way in which Maurizio Lazaratto (1996) uses the term in describing how value is produced from affective and cognitive labour. As an extension of Lazaratto’s ideas, one may argue that the enforced segregation between work and non-work in the context of affective labour unleashes violence upon workers, through commodification of creative work, and regulation of workers’ time through assembly-line industrial economies.
Although we take into account the transitions in economic and industrial practices across different historical periods, the educational landscape and the governance of educational institutions to us appear to be static and unresponsive to the wider climate. As a consequence of this self-inflicted blindness, we find ourselves in a great mess. Our public universities are being bulldozed by the state, while private educational institutions are being modelled upon best practices from Wall Street. The education industry in this country (and elsewhere), finds itself in as precarious a condition. They are expected to act as the stock market or an unsteady government, which must at all times learn to recalibrate and speculate ahead, anticipating the next big game changer.
There has been extensive debate everywhere in the world on corporatization of education. It is no secret that the arts and humanities were the first to be affected. The first job cuts took place in disciplines that cannot generate revenue, such as history, anthropology, philosophy, cultural studies and so on. It is clear that educational institutions need to find ways to sustain themselves unless funded by philanthropies or corporates with deep pockets.
Since private institutions are not required to follow the set University Grants Commission (UGC) curricula, they also have more flexibility in innovating courses. This means that these universities need to make themselves attractive to a potential student community, which will be willing to pay their significantly hefty fees. There is wide ranging evidence of private institutions setting up programmes that not only are distinctive, but bolstered by a sprinkling of good international faculty along with some heavy-weight academics from India. A cursory google search through the websites of the ‘top’ private institutions in India will substantiate this claim.
However, the flexibility of not being bound by the limited vision and pedagogy of the UGC also comes with the absence of governance regulations, other than the general law of the land. For example, each private institute is at liberty to devise it’s own regulations with respect to leave policies, pay scales, work contracts etc, just as they can devise their own curricula. Often, simple things like research time, is solely sanctioned at the discretion of the management or directors. The concept of a sabbatical, i.e. paid leave for research is almost non-existent, as institutions do not see faculty as resources that need investing over a long period of time.
As a consequence of this culture, and of recruiting ‘star academics’ in order to attract students, there often tends to be a lack of transparency in governance and policies. This breeds a culture of silence among faculty themselves, as people are often not willing to openly discuss pay scales and other privileges extended on an individual basis. For example, the website of one such esteemed university lists several deans, assistant and associate deans, and directors within a single faculty/school, a liberal smattering of accolades for a liberal arts college. This is a marked shift from the value that deanship carried as an administrative responsibility taken up on rotation basis, to being a decorative badge of honour, sometimes without any corresponding authority.
In the pursuit of technological smartness, new forms of monitoring and surveillance such as biometrics, are adopted. Rather than aspiring to make their mark felt through teaching and research, faculty are compelled to record their physical presence on campus via biometric machines. Some institutions do not even provide faculty with the basic infrastructure required to carry out research and writing on campus, which would include a well-equipped library, and proper office space.
In addition, the faculty are forced to travel simply to record their physical presence on campus even on days there are no teaching or other commitments. Ironic that in institutions that are supposed to impart an education, the accountability of educators is being measured by the angootha chaap (finger print), a mark of illiteracy.
It is not uncommon to hear of salary deduction because some faculty member forgot to leave her fingerprint as evidence of having ‘worked’ that day. Reasons of ‘safety’ are often cited to justify fingerprinting not just once but twice a day.
The administration even calls faculty members to ask about their whereabouts, demanding written explanations about why they were late, who they were meeting and so on. Daily emails seeking permission to do what teachers are meant to do – teach, write and participate in public events – need to be followed up with monthly summaries of day-to-day reporting in order to get paid full salary. These reports are read by administrators who have little or no understanding of the nature of academic and creative work. This is not only humiliating but also a way of infantalising academic faculty by reducing them to corporate or industrial slaves.
Moreover, most private institutions are not unionised, with no clear procedures in place for conducting reasonable negotiations between management, administrators and faculty. Customised time-based contracts for each individual preempt collective resistance. Those employed in private institutions usually find it much harder to express their grievances freely.
This corporatised work culture extends to students as well, who are treated as ‘clients,’ with no real rights! Attendance tops the list in measuring academic performance. In some institutions, disciplinary actions force students to drop modules if their attendance falls short. The administration is indifferent to whether a student is unwell, has been working independently, or doesn’t find a compulsory module interesting. Sometimes students master the art of getting proxy-attendance. It’s worth considering why our education system makes us feel and behave like criminals.
Since parents or guardians often pay the fees for their child’s or ward’s education, a direct contract seems to get established between the educational institute and the holder of the purse-strings, bypassing the student. Though 18 and 19 year-olds are eligible to vote, they are rarely considered capable of making an independent decision, and are seldom encouraged or given an opportunity to do so. Not even the freedom to decide whether they want to attend a class or not.
Most of us, at one time or another, have had the privilege of encountering teachers who have opened up new horizons, and whose vision and courage have remained a guiding force throughout life. Why then deny students the opportunity of taking responsibility for their own learning? As a society, why are we so terrified of letting young people make their own decisions? Is this not a failure of our education system at large (starting from school)?
Tragically, the managerial and administrative classes that regulate our universities, show little sensitivity towards the nature of academic work Especially not in educational institutions where a large part of learning and teaching takes place outside the classroom, and increasingly now, given that students are learning a lot more through Youtube and Google. The classical distinction between work and leisure cannot be applied to the ‘business’ of education, as teachers and students are engaged in a continuous intellectual labour going beyond ‘class time or work hours’.
Vikas Bandwala has been a student and a teacher in public and private universities in India and Europe. | <urn:uuid:09b04dd1-ae65-4898-ba32-b0430e7b5314> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thewire.in/education/creative-labour-private-university-attendance-jnu | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.956942 | 2,391 | 1.953125 | 2 |
The 14th International Conference on Network and System Security (NSS 2020), vol. 12570, Springer, pp. 327-341, 11/2020.
Trust negotiation represents a suitable approach for building trust in online environments, where the interacting entities are anonymous. It covers important criteria on security and privacy. In this work, we propose a method for implementing our model specification that handles trust negotiation. We define the structure of the trust negotiation module that is a standalone unit capable of negotiating on its own. It may be included to any software by its defined interfaces. We realise our method with a ride-sharing scenario and four trust negotiation strategies that we apply in order to validate our design and implementation. We propose a solution that is fully customisable based on different requirements. The proposal provides guidelines for developers in the process of including trust negotiation into their software.
Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences, vol. 10, no. 50, Springer, 12/2020. DOI (I.F.: 5.9)
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a paradigm that permits smart entities to be interconnected anywhere and anyhow. IoT opens new opportunities but also rises new issues.
In this dynamic environment, trust is useful to mitigate these issues. In fact, it is important that the smart entities could know and trust the other smart entities in order to collaborate with them.
So far, there is a lack of research when considering trust through the whole System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) of a smart IoT entity.
In this paper, we suggest a new approach that considers trust not only at the end of the SDLC but also at the start of it. More precisely, we explore the modeling phase proposing a model-driven approach extending UML and SysML considering trust and its related domains, such as security and privacy.
We propose stereotypes for each diagram in order to give developers a way to represent trust elements in an effective way.
Moreover, we propose two new diagrams that are very important for the IoT: a traceability diagram and a context diagram.
This model-driven approach will help developers to model the smart IoT entities according to the requirements elicited in the previous phases of the SDLC.
These models will be a fundamental input for the following and final phases of the SDLC.
Computers & Security, vol. 84, issue July 2019, Elsevier, pp. 288-300, 04/2019. DOI (I.F.: 3.579)
Trust negotiation is a type of trust management model for establishing trust between entities by a mutual exchange of credentials. This approach was designed for online environments, where the attributes of users, such as skills, habits, behaviour and experience are unknown. Required criteria of trust negotiation must be supported by a trust negotiation model in order to provide a functional, adequately robust and efficient application. Such criteria were identified previously. In this paper we are presenting a model specification using a UML-based notation for the design of trust negotiation. This specification will become a part of the Software Development Life Cycle, which will provide developers a strong tool for incorporating trust and trust-related issues into the software they create. The specification defines components and their layout for the provision of the essential functionality of trust negotiation on one side as well as optional, additional features on the other side. The extra features make trust negotiation more robust, applicable for more scenarios and may provide a privacy protection functionality.
Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 78, issue 1, Elsevier, pp. 680-698, 01/2018. DOI (I.F.: 5.768)
For various reasons, the cloud computing paradigm is unable to meet certain requirements (e.g. low latency and jitter, context awareness, mobility support) that are crucial for several applications (e.g. vehicular networks, augmented reality). To fulfil these requirements, various paradigms, such as fog computing, mobile edge computing, and mobile cloud computing, have emerged in recent years. While these edge paradigms share several features, most of the existing research is compartmentalised; no synergies have been explored. This is especially true in the field of security, where most analyses focus only on one edge paradigm, while ignoring the others. The main goal of this study is to holistically analyse the security threats, challenges, and mechanisms inherent in all edge paradigms, while highlighting potential synergies and venues of collaboration. In our results, we will show that all edge paradigms should consider the advances in other paradigms.
Computers & Security, vol. 77 , issue August 2018, Elsevier, pp. 773-789, 2018. DOI (I.F.: 3.062)
Trust negotiations are mechanisms that enable interaction between previously unknown users. After exchanging various pieces of potentially sensitive information, the participants of a negotiation can decide whether or not to trust one another. Therefore, trust negotiations bring about threats to personal privacy if not carefully considered. This paper presents a framework for representing trust negotiations in the early phases of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). The framework can help software engineers to determine the most suitable policies for the system by detecting conflicts between privacy and trust requirements. More precisely, we extend the SI* modelling language and provide a set of predicates for defining trust and privacy policies and a set of rules for describing the dynamics of the system based on the established policies. The formal representation of the model facilitates its automatic verification. The framework has been validated in a distributed social network scenario for connecting drivers with potential passengers willing to share a journey.
IV Jornadas Nacionales de Investigación en Ciberseguridad (JNIC 2018), Servicio Editorial de Mondragon Unibertsitatea, 06/2018.
Los ataques cross-platform suponen un serio desafío para los mecanismos de seguridad cuando los portadores de un ataque dirigido no son conscientes de su participacion en el mismo. Es por ello que, con dispositivos y tecnologías cada vez mas entrelazadas, en constante comunicación, numerosos ataques pasan desapercibidos hasta que alcanzan su objetivo final. Estos nuevos escenarios hacen posible una vía de transmision a tener en cuenta, y que se debe abordar cuanto antes, ya que sus consecuencias, especialmente en el panorama de telecomunicaciones actual, podrían ser desoladoras. La rapida transmisión de estos ataques, y la dificultad que supone su prevencion, detección y mitigación antes de que se hagan efectivos, hacen que el problema sea particularmente preocupante. En este artículo se presentará una arquitectura para el analisis de los ataques cross-platform silenciosos, cuyo objetivo es ayudar a comprender mejor este tipo de amenazas y ofrecer soluciones que permitan mitigarlas y rastrearlas.
16th IEEE International Conference On Trust, Security And Privacy In Computing And Communications (TrustCom 2017), IEEE, pp. 626-633, 08/2017. DOI
The Internet of Things (IoT) brings new challenges to digital forensics. Given the number and heterogeneity of devices in such scenarios, it bring extremely difficult to carry out investigations without the cooperation of individuals. Even if they are not directly involved in the offense, their devices can yield digital evidence that might provide useful clarification in an investigation. However, when providing such evidence they may leak sensitive personal information. This paper proposes PRoFIT; a new model for IoT-forensics that takes privacy into consideration by incorporating the requirements of ISO/IEC 29100:2011 throughout the investigation life cycle. PRoFIT is intended to lay the groundwork for the voluntary cooperation of individuals in cyber crime investigations.
14th International Conference On Trust, Privacy & Security In Digital Business (TrustBus 2017), vol. 10442, Springer International Publishing, pp. 130-144, 08/2017. DOI
In this paper we propose the Hogney architecture for the deployment of malware-driven honeypots. This new concept refers to honeypots that have been dynamically configured according to the environment expected by malware. The adaptation mechanism designed here is built on services that offer up-to-date and relevant intelligence information on current threats. Thus, the Hogney architecture takes advantage of recent Indicators Of Compromise (IOC) and information about suspicious activity currently being studied by analysts. The information gathered from these services is then used to adapt honeypots to fulfill malware requirements, inviting them to unleash their full strength.
Information Sciences, vol. 396, Elsevier, pp. 72-82, 2017. DOI (I.F.: 4.305)
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a paradigm based on the interconnection of everyday objects. It is expected that the ‘things’ involved in the IoT paradigm will have to interact with each other, often in uncertain conditions. It is therefore of paramount importance for the success of IoT that there are mechanisms in place that help overcome the lack of certainty. Trust can help achieve this goal. In this paper, we introduce a framework that assists developers in including trust in IoT scenarios. This framework takes into account trust, privacy and identity requirements as well as other functional requirements derived from IoT scenarios to provide the different services that allow the inclusion of trust in the IoT.
Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 69, Elsevier, pp. 134-151, 04/2016. (I.F.: 3.500)
Mobile Networks and Applications (MONET) Journal, vol. 19, issue 1, Springer US, pp. 64-78, 02/2014. DOI (I.F.: 1.045)
Today, mobile platforms are multimedia devices that provide different types of traffic with the consequent particular performance demands and, besides, security concerns (e.g. privacy). However, Security and QoS requirements quite often conflict to a large degree; the mobility and heterogeneous paradigm of the Future Internet makes coexistence even more difficult, posing new challenges to overcome. Probably, one of the main challenges is to identify the specific reasons why Security and QoS mechanisms are so related to each other. In this paper, we present a Parametric Relationship Model (PRM) to identify the Security and QoS dependencies, and to elaborate on the Security and QoS tradeoff. In particular, we perform an analysis that focus on the mobile platform environment and, consequently, also considers subjective parameters such user’s experience, that is crucial for increasing the usability of new solutions in the Future Internet. The final aim of our contribution is to facilitate the development of secure and efficient services for mobile platforms.
IEEE CloudCom 2011, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 527-531, Nov-Dec 2011. DOI
During the last decade, the Cloud Computing paradigm has emerged as a panacea for many problems in traditional IT infrastructures. Much has been said about the potential of Cloud Computing in the Smart Grid context, but unfortunately it is still relegated to a second layer when it comes to critical systems. Although the advantages of outsourcing those kind of applications to the cloud is clear, data confidentiality and operational privacy stand as mayor drawbacks. In this paper, we try to give some hints on which security mechanisms and more specific, which cryptographic schemes, will help a better integration of Smart Grids and Clouds. We propose the use of Virtual SCADA in the Cloud (VS-Cloud) as a mean to improve reliability and efficiency whilst maintaining the same protection level as in traditional SCADA architectures.
Requirements Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, Springer, pp. 55-73, Mar 2011. DOI (I.F.: 0.971)
In this work, we introduce an assurance methodology that integrates assurance case creation with system development. It has been developed in order to provide trust and privacy assurance to the evolving European project PICOS (Privacy and Identity Management for Community Services), an international research project focused on mobile communities and community-supporting services, with special emphasis on aspects such as privacy, trust, and identity management. The leading force behind the approach is the ambition to develop a methodology for building and maintaining security cases throughout the system development life cycle in a typical system engineering effort, when much of the information relevant for assurance is produced and feedback can be provided to system developers. The first results of the application of the methodology to the development of the PICOS platform are presented.
Sixth European Workshop on Public Key Services, Applications and Infrastructures (EuroPKI’09), LNCS 6391, Springer, pp. 225-238, 2009. DOI
Deciding who to trust in the internet of services paradigm is an important and open question. How to do it in an optimal way is not always easy to determine. Trust is usually referred to a particular context whereas a single user may interact in more than one given context. We are interested in investigating how a Federated Reputation System can help exporting trust perceptions from one context to another. We propose a model for deriving trust in online services. In this context, trust is defined as the level of confidence that the service provider holds on the subject interacting with it to behave in a proper way while using the service. Thus, we derive trust by using the reputation values that those users have gained for interacting with these services.
5th International Conference on Trust, Privacy and Security in Digital Business (TrustBus’08), LNCS 5185, Springer, pp. 28-37, 2008. DOI
Trust is an important factor in any kind of network essential, for example, in the decision-making process. As important as the definition of trust is the way to compute it. In this paper we propose a model for defining trust based on graph theory and show examples of some simple operators and functions that will allow us to compute trust.
ACM Comput. Surveys, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 5, December, 2008. (I.F.: 9.92)
Nonrepudiation is a security service that plays an important role in many Internet applications. Traditional two-party nonrepudiation has been studied intensively in the literature. This survey focuses on multiparty scenarios and provides a comprehensive overview. It starts with a brief introduction of fundamental issues on nonrepudiation, including the types of nonrepudiation service and cryptographic evidence, the roles of trusted third-party, nonrepudiation phases and requirements, and the status of standardization. Then it describes the general multiparty nonrepudiation problem, and analyzes state-of-the-art mechanisms. After this, it presents in more detail the 1-N multiparty nonrepudiation solutions for distribution of different messages to multiple recipients. Finally, it discusses advanced solutions for two typical multiparty nonrepudiation applications, namely, multiparty certified email and multiparty contract signing.
IX Reunión Española sobre Criptología y Seguridad de la información (IX RECSI), pp. 35-46, Sep 2006.
Internet Research Journal, vol. 15, no. 1, Emerald, pp. 99-116, 2005.
III Simposio Español de Comercio Electronico (SCE’05), Universitat de les Illes Balears, pp. 151-164, 2005.
El no repudio es un requisito de seguridad cuya importancia se ha hecho evidente con el crecimiento del comercio electrónico. Muchos protocolos se han desarrollado como solución a este requisito. La gran mayoría incluye en su especificación parámetros cuyos valores no son fáciles de especificar pues dependen de las condiciones reales de implementación del mismo como los tiempos límites, las características de la TTP, tiempo de publicación de las claves, etc. En este trabajo proponemos un modelo que nos ayudará en la estimación de esos parámetros basado en la simulación del escenario real. Para la explicación y prueba del modelo mostramos un conjunto de experimentos.
VIII Reunión Española sobre Criptología y Seguridad de la información (RECSI’04). Avances en Criptologia y Seguridad de la Informacion, Diaz de Santos, pp. 537-546, 2004.
El correo electrónico certificado es un servicio añadido al correo electrónico estándar, en el cual el remitente desea obtener un recibo procedente del destinatario. Para este servicio, encontramos que los protocolos de intercambio (justo) son un componente principal para asegurar la corrección en la ejecución de los servicios de correo electrónico certificado, ya que los ítems que ambas partes presentan (en este caso específico, el mensaje de correo y el recibo del mismo) deben ser intercambiados sin que ninguna de las partes obtenga una ventaja durante el proceso sobre la otra. Podemos encontrar en esta línea de investigación protocolos optimistas eficientes para el intercambio electrónico, y mas concretamente para Correo Electrónico Certificado (CEC) y Firma Electrónica de Contratos (FEC). Realizando un estudio adecuado hemos observado que algunos aspectos de dichos protocolos podrían ser mejorados. En este artículo proponemos una solución que permite a ambas entidades terminar el protocolo de forma asíncrona. También extendemos el protocolo a múltiples usuarios.
18th IFIP International Information Security Conference. Security and Privacy in the Age of Uncertainty (IFIP SEC’03), IFIP, pp. 37-48, May, 2003.
Non-repudiation is a security service that provides cryptographic evidence to support the settlement of disputes. In this paper, we introduce the state-of-the-art of multi-party non-repudiation protocols, and analyze the previous work where one originator is able to send the same message to many recipients. We propose a new multi-party non-repudiation protocol for sending different messages to many recipients. We also discuss the improvements achieved with respect to the multiple instances of a two-party non-repudiation protocol, and present some applications that would benefit from them.
VI Reunion Española de Criptología y Seguridad de la Información (VI RECSI), pp. 193-200, Septiembre, 2000.
La presente comunicación presenta un mecanismo de micropagos flexible, de bajo costo que puede utilizarse para realizar pagos en línea entre el cliente y el vendedor y fuera de línea con el agente de negocios. Este mecanismo evita grandes almacenamientos de datos y cálculos largos. Se puede implantar en software para el cliente y en hardware/software para el vendedor. | <urn:uuid:a80f2c4f-d640-43e5-82a3-32f14eaaef42> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nics.uma.es/biblio?f%5Btg%5D=M&f%5Bauthor%5D=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.709604 | 4,250 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Fake weed, also known as K2/Spice or synthetic marijuana, is a new drug. Many teens, like you and your friends, may think that fake weed is okay to use because it’s cheap and sold at gas stations and convenience stores. But fake weed is not safe or legal. Don’t be fooled by the packaging. Although it’s sold in 3-ounce plastic pouches decorated with colorful designs, including cartoon characters or recognizable logos, fake weed is not candy. In fact, studies and recent media reports show that fake weed causes seizures, instances of coma, brain damage, nerve trauma, and in some extreme cases, stroke and the loss of motor skills such as speaking, walking and the movement of arms and legs.
Never consider trying fake weed which can have negative impacts on your health. Try to divert your mind to activities that are more interesting and will help you earn more money, such as cryptocurrency investments, trading and much more. There are many cryptocurrency exchanges through which you can buy cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin. If you are based at UK, to discover the best way to buy bitcoin UK, consider visiting the website that provides a comprehensive guide to buying bitcoin. | <urn:uuid:2e15813d-0b10-43e4-885a-9f443a54b432> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.k2zombiedc.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.961259 | 252 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Kruknek far surpassed its closest pumpkin counterparts - squash and squash in nutritional value and dietary qualities. The pulp of the kruknek fruit contains a rich set of nutrients and vitamins: protein, copper, potassium, vitamin C, carotene, etc.
Thanks to this composition, kruknek has found wide application in dietary nutrition, as well as in medical nutrition in the presence of diseases such as atherosclerosis, anemia, various diseases of the heart and kidneys. The introduction of kruknek into the diet helps to eliminate harmful cholesterol, excess water and toxins from the body, as well as in the fight against obesity.
Regular consumption of kruknek normalizes metabolism and lowers blood sugar, which is very useful for diabetics. Crooknek seeds not only have a great taste, but also have great benefits - they help cleanse the intestines from parasites and bacteria.
Crooknecs, like other summer squash, are best harvested young. The most delicious are young fruits with soft skin weighing about 300 g. The flesh of a young crooknek tastes sweeter and more tender than that of zucchini, but more dense. Unlike winter pumpkins, which only become sweeter with age, crooknek should be eaten young. As it grows, kruknek acquires an unpleasant texture and loses its original sweet, oily flavor.
In cooking, krukneks are boiled, fried, stewed, pickled, canned, eaten raw.
Kruknek can be used in any recipe that requires squash. The rich sweet taste of kruknek will reveal itself perfectly even simply fried with onions. Kruknek is versatile, it can even be used in baking.
Kruknek is an ideal ingredient for almost any summer vegetarian meal.
Try a simple side dish of chopped young crooknec, onions and tomatoes, seasoned with a little olive oil and seasoned with salt, pepper and a little Parmesan. Simply place all ingredients in a baking dish and cook for 30 minutes. Sprinkle with your favorite fresh herbs from your own garden before serving. It's simple, fresh, healthy and delicious!
Crooknek fruits are kept in the refrigerator in the vegetable compartment for a week.
For long-term storage, fruits are harvested using the methods of dehydration, freezing or pickling. The dried pieces of crankshaft are used to prepare amazingly delicious vegetarian chips. Freeze crockneck blanched or not blanched, but blanching helps preserve the taste of the young fruit for longer.
Crooknek flowers and leaves are also used for culinary purposes. However, do not pick too many flowers or leaves for your plant to continue to bear fruit properly.
The fruits can be stored for a long time. From autumn to January-February of next year, crookneks lie without spoiling and without losing their taste.
Read also the article Kruknek is not just a vegetable marrow. | <urn:uuid:a7621166-7dee-43f9-8a3c-e14c26137e5f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.greenchainge.com/632-kruknek-beneficial-properties-and-uses-in-cooking | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.925203 | 631 | 2.375 | 2 |
Emperor Huizong of Song
Chinese EmperorDied when: 52 years 214 days (631 months)
Star Sign: Scorpio
Emperor Huizong of Song (7 June 1082 – 4 June 1135), personal name Zhao Ji, was the eighth emperor of the Song dynasty of China.
He was also a very well-known calligrapher.Born as the 11th son of Emperor Shenzong, he ascended the throne in 1100 upon the death of his elder brother and predecessor, Emperor Zhezong, because Emperor Zhezong's only son died prematurely.
He lived in luxury, sophistication and art in the first half of his life.In 1126, when the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty invaded the Song dynasty during the Jin–Song Wars, Emperor Huizong abdicated and passed on his throne to his eldest son, Zhao Huan who assumed the title Emperor Qinzong while Huizong assumed the honorary title of Taishang Huang (or "Retired Emperor").
The following year, the Song capital, Bianjing, was conquered by Jin forces in an event historically known as the Jingkang Incident.
Emperor Huizong, along with Emperor Qinzong and the rest of their family, were taken captive by the Jurchens and brought back to the Jin capital, Huining Prefecture in 1128.
The Jurchen ruler, Emperor Taizong of Jin, gave the former Emperor Huizong a title, Duke Hunde (literally "Besotted Duke"), to humiliate him.
After his surviving son, Zhao Gou, declared himself as the dynasty's tenth emperor as Emperor Gaozong, the Jurchens used him, Qinzong, and other imperial family members to put pressure on Gaozong and his court to surrender.
Emperor Huizong died in Wuguo after spending about nine years in captivity.Despite his incompetence in rulership, Emperor Huizong was known for his promotion of Taoism and talents in poetry, painting, calligraphy and music.
He sponsored numerous artists at his imperial court, and the catalogue of his collection listed over 6,000 known paintings. | <urn:uuid:89ce9472-b7a5-483d-854c-efeeb1f0ef17> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.outlived.org/person/emperor-renzong-of-song-48659 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.979348 | 452 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Recreational vehicles have been famous for outdoor enthusiasts that wanted to camp having the comfort of their homes. It has the amenities same as houses such as bathrooms, beds, kitchen area, and dinette. Usually, an RV can accommodate up to 4 people which made them great for traveling groups.
The use of these recreational vehicles became famous for budget travelers since they can experience multi-day vacations without splurging on a hotel room. There are also allotted spaces where RVs can stay overnight or even longer days. Some RV parks even have onsite laundry services, Wi-Fi connections, and swimming pools.
Going on a vacation with an RV can be exciting. However, some states have restrictions on driving an RV. Depending on the type of RV that you will be driving, you may need a special license before hitting the road.
These motorhomes can be classified into A, B, and C. These classifications depend on their characteristics and size. Aside from states, the classification also requires a special license when driving an RV. Information in this article will help you understand that do you need a cdl to drive an RV (recreational vehicle).
Can You Drive a Class A RV with a Regular Car License?
If you own a driver’s license from any US state, you can drive a recreational vehicle as long as it is in a normal size. Also, the majority of RVs are within that characteristic.
For an RV type that weighs under 26,000 pounds, there is no need to get a special license to drive an RV. Typically, a Class A RV ranges from 13,000 to 30,000 pounds. If your RV weighs more than 26,000 pounds, you are most likely to be required a specific driver’s license.
However, this varies in different states. It is important to check the state’s DMV since each state has its own rules when it comes to RVs and special licenses. Some require a license update to use a specific RV type.
Since Class A motorhomes can weigh above the 26,000 pounds threshold, it is the only type of RV that can most likely require a special license. Depending on the state, it can be a special non-commercial license or a commercial driver’s license.
For classes B and C, drivers are not required to get a special license since it weighs from 6,000 to 8,000 pounds for Class B, and around 10,000 to 12,000 pounds for class C.
Do You Need A CDL To Drive An RV?
Since there are Class A RVs below 26,000 pounds, you do not need to have a special license to drive them. A regular driver’s license is enough for use. In California, a Class B license is required for vehicles that weigh above the threshold or are over 40 feet long. And a Class A license when towing over 10,00 pounds.
For new RV drivers, it is recommended to get a lighter vehicle to try if you can drive the RV properly with a regular license. Class A RV licenses are usually required if the RV is carrying around 16 passengers.
These Class A licenses are obtained by passing a series of written exams which includes vehicle operations, air brakes, and general knowledge. Aside from the written exams, a set of practical exams should also be passed. It includes a full inspection and a test drive on the road. It is required to pass both exams to get the Class A license.
In California, minors that are planning to get a Class A license are also required to pass the written and practical exams. There are also requirements for provisional licenses which are stated in the driver handbook.
What Is a Commercial Driver’s License?
There is two commercial driver’s license that can be obtained for an individual to drive larger motorhomes. The CDL is often required for drivers who drive tractor-trailers, buses, livestock transporter, and sometimes RVs. Since a large vehicle is more difficult to drive than other vehicles, it can be dangerous for a driver who is not experienced in driving these large vehicles.
A CDL is also used for driving commercial vehicles such as buses and delivery vehicles. If you are driving the RV for commercial purposes or if you do this for a living, you might think of getting the CDL. Some states require this if the RV that you will be driving is over the maximum requirement.
If you are using the RV for personal transportation, a non-commercial special license may also be required in some states.
It is important not to have a serious traffic violation to maintain their CDL certification.
To get a CDL, a commercial learning permit is issued to the driver so they can practice on public roads considering that they are accompanied by a CDL holder. Some states also require proof that an individual is mentally capable of driving large vehicles.
RV Weight and Driver’s License Requirements:
For vehicles that are over 26,000 pounds in their Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR), a CDL is required.
The GVWR is determined by the manufacturer which includes the total weight of the vehicle including the passengers and goods that can be carried on the RV. The GCWR is also determined by the manufacturer which is the maximum weight of the combination of the vehicle, travel trailer, passengers, and the goods.
A CDL is also required for motorhomes that are 40 feet long, a towing trailer with more than 10,000 pounds, and more than 15,000 pounds fifth wheel. If you have airbrakes and double towing, a different special license is also issued.
If you come from a state that requires CDL over a regular license, it is recommended to get additional special permits. Getting one is a federal minimum standard. But some states have their laws on the issuance of licenses.
In Illinois, the maximum weight is only 16,000 pounds. Beyond this, an upgraded license is required. The weight ratings are controlled by federal standards from the Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1986.
States That Require a Commercial Driver’s License:
While most of the states do not require a special license to drive a recreational vehicle, some have requirements for additional CDL if you are driving an RV that reaches the maximum weight allowable in each state.
Below is the list of states that requires additional licensing when driving an RV:
- Arkansas: A Class A-CDL is required if you are driving an RV that has a GCWR over 26,000 pounds, including the towed unit that weighs more than 10,000 pounds. Class B is required for those who have a GVWR below 10,000 pounds. And a Class C license for those who use vehicles that are transporting 16 passengers.
- Connecticut: Class B-CDL is required for a single vehicle over 26,000 pounds and Class A-CDL is required for multiple vehicles with a combined weight of over 26,000 pounds
- Hawaii, Kansas, and New Mexico: A Class B CDL is required for an RV over 26,000 pounds, and Class A for multiple vehicles with a combined weight of over 26,000 pounds.
- Nevada: CDL for multiple vehicles that has a combined weight of over 26,000 pounds.
- New York: CDL for RVs that have a gross combined weight of over 26,000 pounds.
- North and South Carolina: a CDL for multiple vehicles that weigh over 26,000 pounds.
- Washington, DC: Class B-CDL for a single vehicle and Class A-CDL for multiple vehicles that weigh over 26,000 pounds.
- Wisconsin: CDL if the vehicle’s length exceeds 45 feet.
- Wyoming: Class A on towing of over 10,000 pounds and vehicle over 26,000 pounds.
These are the current requirements for each state. However, it is still recommended to check with the state’s DMV to know if there were updates or changes to the requirements. In general, vehicles that have a gross weight below 26,000 pounds do not require a CDL in any state.
If a driver applies for a CDL, the state should check the Commercial Driver’s License Information System (CDLIS), and the National Driver Registry (NDR) to know if the driver is not disqualified or has no other commercial license in another jurisdiction. If the driver already possesses a CDL from another jurisdiction, he is required to surrender it to be able to apply for a new one.
States That Require a Non-Commercial Special Driver’s License:
- California: A Class B license is required for vehicles over 26,000 pounds or over 40 feet in length. While Class A is required for towing that weighs over 10,000 pounds or fifth wheels that weigh over 15,000 pounds.
- Maryland: Class B license for vehicles that weigh over 26,000 pounds
- Michigan: A recreational double endorsement (RR Endorsement) allows the driver to tow two units
- North Carolina: A Class B license or NCDL for a single vehicle that weighs over 26,000 pounds.
- Nevada: A Class B license or NCDL for a single vehicle that weighs over 26,000 pounds.
- Pennsylvania: A Class B license or NCDL for a single vehicle that weighs over 26,000 pounds.
- Texas: RVs that are for personal use (regardless of weight) are exempted from getting a CDL. However, special licenses such as “Class A (or B) Exempt” or “Class A (or B) non-CDL” are required for RVs over 26,000 pounds to tow a vehicle with over 10,000 pounds and the regular Class C driver’s license is used for regular passenger vehicles.
- Wyoming: Class B license for vehicles that weighs more than 26,000 pounds and towing under 10,000 pounds
Aside from these states, some states do not require any special licenses. However, it is again recommended to check the local DMV for more updates and questions. Below are the countries that allow a driver to use the RV without any special license:
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- North Dakota
- Rhode Island
- South Dakota
- West Virginia
Frequently Asked Questions:
- Is there a Class E or F license?
Yes. Class E licenses are required to drive a single unit with a gross weight of more than 26,000 pounds which are solely for non-commercial purposes. While Class F licenses are required to drive a combination vehicle with a gross weight of more than 26,000 pounds which are also used for non-commercial purposes. During practice driving for Class E and F, an experienced licensed driver should be beside the practicing driver.
- Should I Submit a medical certificate when applying for a CDL?
Drivers that apply for a commercial license are required to complete a medical self-certification assessment. However, there are self-certification categories that may require a medical examiner certificate.
- Is there an age requirement to get a CDL?
Generally, a driver should be between 18 to 21 years old to apply for a commercial driver’s license. However, the age requirement may vary from state to state.
- Where can I get a CDL?
Some states process the CDL application online, while some require a driver to personally fill out an application form at their local DMV.
Since the licensing requirements vary in different states, it is important to check with the DMV for licensing restrictions for hassle-free RV driving. However, a special license may be required to drive a motorhome especially if there is an additional unit such as trailers on the recreational vehicle.
A Class A RV can be the most functional of all recreational vehicles since it can fit most of the home amenities. But this type of RV can also be subject to certain regulations since these are the larger units. It is always important to check and consider the license restrictions before purchasing a Class A type.
For some travelers, a smaller type of RV can be used especially for smaller groups to avoid the needs of licensing requirements and can be more comfortable for vacation use. These smaller RVs also have home amenities like the other types of RVs.
Read More Posts: | <urn:uuid:696655dc-410b-4919-a920-88fbd4e62a84> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gohymer.com/do-you-need-a-cdl-to-drive-an-rv/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.945554 | 2,618 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Competition for benefits of second citizenship is global
Citizenship by Investment Programmes (CIPs) in the Caribbean have been the subject of much criticism, even though the financial and economic benefits of the programmes are undeniable. These programmes are operated by: Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St Kitts-Nevis and St Lucia.
Are those detractors right to decry the CIP? Do they pose dangers to other nations? And, are any such dangers potentially worse from Caribbean countries than from others that operate similar programmes? To answer these questions, a tour of CIP's – by whatever name they are called – might be useful.
People all over the world have always sought citizenship of countries other than those in which they were born. Historically – and at the present time - the majority of such people are economic migrants; people who leave their birth countries, seeking opportunities elsewhere. But, migration is no longer limited to the poor or the desperate, today there are tens of thousands of millionaires who are also seeking alternative citizenships.
CIPs are not restricted to a handful of Caribbean countries nor do they enjoy exclusivity in the field. Like virtually everything else in the world, the market for second citizenships is global and extremely competitive.
For, instance last year a record 82,000 millionaires acquired a second citizenship. The number of millionaires moving to another country jumped 28 percent in 2016 over 2015, reaching the highest level in history. Millionaires were enticed, courted and encouraged by a number of countries, including Australia, the United States of America, Spain, Portugal, Malta and Cyprus just to name a few. This year, the number is more than likely to be higher.
The point is: there is a demand in the global market for second citizenships. It is a demand worth billions of dollars, and many governments, including some who criticise the Caribbean for its CIPs, are very much involved in it.
The world's top destination for millionaires seeking another citizenship is Australia. The second is the United States. And, neither of them has been a passive recipient of millionaires and their money. Both have active programmes, designed to lure millionaires to their shores. These programmes are cast as schemes for permanent residence leading to citizenship; they differ only in the length the of the process, not in the purpose of them.
In 2012, Australia introduced a 'golden ticket' investor visa for US$3.8 million that has attracted more than 1,300 millionaires. It also has a cheaper programme at $770,000 that allows temporary residence and takes longer to get a permanent visa.
For 27 years, the United States has been operating what is called an 'EB-5' programme. It requires a $500,000 investment for a 2-year visa which can be turned into permanent residence and eventually citizenship. Since 2012, the programme has generated at least $8.7 billion for the US economy. While, originally, it was meant to help finance projects in low-income areas, it has been used to attract Chinese millionaires to invest in high-end real estate projects.
Until 3 years ago, Canada was the third highest beneficiary of visa-investment programmes. Canada scrapped the programme in 2014, but two months ago, Quebec announced that, on the May 29, it will launch the Quebec Immigrant Investor Programme. For CAN$800,000 that programme provides permanent residence leading to citizenship in Canada. Not surprisingly, the programme while open for 1,900 applicants, is providing for 1,330 applicants from the Peoples Republic of China.
In the Australia programme, nearly 90 per cent of the 1,300 who signed-up were from China.
The point is many of the governments that express concern about Caribbean CIPs, run such programmes themselves earning billions of dollars and targeting the same millionaire communities as do the Caribbean jurisdictions.
The Caribbean has a right to a share of the feast on the global table, and not just to the crumbs that remain after others have fed themselves. Those, who continuously condemn the CIPs, also fail to acknowledge that all the governments, including those in industrialised nations that operate these programmes - by whatever name they are called- do so as a means of bringing revenues and investment into their countries. Small Caribbean countries have the same motivation; they have adopted these programmes out of economic necessity.
But, having said all that, Caribbean countries with CIPs should be aware that the critics hang their disapproval of CIP's on the peg of money laundering, tax evasion and terrorism. They claim that CIPs can be used for these purposes, even though they have failed to explain how or to produce evidence of instances where it has occurred.
That is why what is crucial to the success of these programmes and their acceptability, is vigorous, intense and transparent scrutiny of the applicants for citizenship. For the programmes to be successful, they certainly need applicants of high worth – and, in this regard, Caribbean jurisdictions must create new and exciting reasons why their citizenship is competitive and desirable - but they also require great comfort by the governments of countries to which the successful applicants will travel.
This demands that the process of vetting applicants must be constantly reviewed and regularly strengthened. No other country should have doubts about them – not in a world where almost everything is capable of cross-border movement. The five Caribbean governments must invest just as strongly in the robustness of their vetting system as they invest in the promotion of their citizenship.
Already, some Caribbean countries operate stringent vetting processes for CIPs, including referrals to Interpol and the Joint Regional Communications Centre, based in Barbados, that is connected to agencies in the EU, Canada, the US and the UK.
All the countries in the Caribbean should follow this pattern; by doing so, they would strengthen the confidence of other nations in the integrity of their system and give those nations comfort in not applying visa requirements.
In this way, the value of CIPs to Caribbean economies will endure and their native people will have reassurance in the worth of their own passports.
Responses and previous commentaries: www.sirronaldsanders.com
(Sir Ronald Sanders is Antigua and Barbuda Ambassador to the United States and High Commissioner to Canada. He is also a Senior Fellow at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London and at Massey College in the University of Toronto) | <urn:uuid:c49db8f3-e96e-4bbc-a1ad-264e3de3ac8a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://sundominica.com/articles/competition-for-benefits-of-second-citizenship-is--4303/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.963107 | 1,310 | 1.8125 | 2 |
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