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Overqualification: Major or Minor Mismatch?
01 Jan 2009
A large empirical literature suggests that a proportion of employees are over-educated (overqualified) for the jobs that they do. It also estimates the impact of this mismatch on wages. The empirical results suggest that having more education than is needed for a job generates a premium relative to the job but at the same time a penalty relative to the qualification. This mismatch is often explained either by variation in skills or by a slow start to career. Both explanations are compatible with human capital theory. We measure the incidence of overqualification in four European countries: Britain, Italy, Germany and Norway at differing educational levels, to show that overqualification is most common at the lower levels where careers tend to be flatter. The inclusion of a measure of computer skills also seems to make little difference to the relationship between overqualification and wages. However, one issue which is important is the degree of voluntarism that is associated with progression through education. Overqualification is traditionally measured through years of education required for the job and years spent in education, but this can be separated into a part that reflects the achievement of certificates and a part that reflects the passage of time. The latter is strongly influenced by individual motivation which determines final choices and by institutional factors which might either enhance or constrain these. We isolate the number of excess years a person spends in education without reaching the next qualification level in order to use this as an instrument for over-education. Our results suggest that the impact of over-qualification on wages is rather small, and becomes even smaller when the excess years spent in education are used as instrument for over-education. Overqualification can on these results never be interpreted as a labour-market choice which provides some sort of human-capital premium.
Economics of Education Review
Volume and page numbers
28 , 114 -122
Held online ASL - http://serlib0.essex.ac.uk/record=b1646429~S5
Copy index notes from working paper.
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Mismi is a 5,597-metre (18,363 ft) mountain peak of volcanic origin in the Chila mountain range in the Andes of Peru. A glacial stream on the Mismi was firmly identified as the most distant source of the Amazon River in 1996; this finding was confirmed in 2001 and again in 2007. This claim has been challenged with three locations for the source of the Amazon identified, depending upon the definition of "source." The waters from Mismi flow into the streams Carhuasanta and Apachita, which flow into the Apurímac River. It is a tributary of the Ucayali which later joins the Marañón to form the Amazon proper.
|Elevation||5,597 m (18,363 ft)|
|Location||Arequipa Region, Peru|
|Parent range||Andes, Ch'ila mountain range|
Mismi is about 160 km (99 mi) west of Lake Titicaca and 700 km (435 mi) southeast of Peru's capital city, Lima, in the Arequipa Region. It is one of the highest points of Colca Canyon. There are several glaciers on the peak.
The Cousteau Amazon ExpeditionEdit
In 1982 Jean-Michel Cousteau led a large scale scientific exploration of the Amazon from its mouth to its origin. The "Cousteau Amazon Expedition" cost eleven million dollars and culminated in a six-hour television documentary titled "Cousteau's Amazon" released in 1983. It offered study information to last years and gave insights into the biology and geology of the largest river system on earth. This expedition was broken into three separate groups and the upper Amazon section was covered by "The Flying Expedition" tasked with exploring the upper third to Arequipa from the river's origin.
Traditionally, explorers and geographers define the origin of a river system by tracking the longest tributaries while heading upstream, as volume can change dramatically from month to month. In a system as complex as the Amazon basin with dozen of streams as candidates in previously poorly mapped areas, no consensus could plausibly be substantiated for some time, and the origin was left to speculation. Half a dozen sites claimed title to "The Origin of the Amazon" and until 1982 several were in the running. But, in 1971, Loren McIntyre discovered the true source of the Amazon before anyone else. This has since been confirmed by satellite.
Using an international team of twelve and bringing in expeditionary specialists from Germany, France, Argentina, Peru and the US, Jean-Michel Cousteau put together resources and logistics spanning a thousand miles of unknown jungle.
The Upper Amazon expedition (The Flying Expedition) included an Eastern European multi-axled articulated Land Rover for use on land, a float plane Papagaiu, for air support and reconnaissance, and the Peruvian Air Force offered a high elevation helicopter to reach the upper levels of the Chila mountain range in Peru.
Expedition support bases were established in Cuzco, in the mountains, in Arequipa, and high in the Chilca mountain range at Caylloma for the quest to find the origin of the Amazon. Many locations were remote, making it necessary to surmount language, terrain and logistical difficulties, as the mountain team made their way up the Selinque River to the flanks of the Mismi. At this mountain's base, Cousteau dispatched a team of German alpinists who climbed the 18,000 feet (5,486 m) volcano and returned in two days. During their descent, they found melt water dropping into a fissure. This cleft varied from two meters to half a meter wide, angling down the slope. This stream flowed nearly fifty meters before disappearing, emerging again lower downstream to flow between stones and continue its course. They discovered that within the fissure, the water was deep enough to float a small craft, and realized that they were presented with an opportunity. Utilizing pack llamas, kayaker Caril Ridley was brought to the site, and in June 1982, navigating by kayak, became the first person to run the origins of the Amazon. Later expeditions refined the understanding of the river's many origins and its subsequent course to the Atlantic Ocean.
National Geographic Society ExpeditionEdit
In 2001, it was verified that the main headwater of the Amazon River has its glacial source on the Mismi. An expedition of the National Geographic Society discovered that the Qarwasanta stream flowing into Apurímac River originates on the northern slopes of the mountain and then runs its course through other tributaries and rivers to help form the main Amazon River. Brazilian scientists in 2007 confirmed that the headwaters of Apurímac River are the source of the Amazon River and pointed to Mismi as the most probable source of the Amazon.
- Source of the Amazon River Identified (Jacek Palkiewicz)
- "Explorers Pinpoint Source of the Amazon". National Geographic News. Dec 21, 2000. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
- "Amazon river 'longer than Nile'". BBC News. June 16, 2007. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
- Contos, James and Tripcevich, Nicholas (2014), "Correct Placement of the most distant stream of the Amazon River in the Mantaro River Drainage," Wiley Online Library,, p. 38, , accessed 6 Oct 2018
- One Cold Day
- "Satellite images confirm true source of the Amazon". 15 September 2011.
- Landscapes of the Soul - photos and story of a solo hike to the Source of the Amazon via the continental divide.
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Laptop touchpads have become extremely accurate at detecting user input. So much so that the slightest brush of a finger can be detected. For fast typists or for those who like to rest their palms as they type, this sensitivity could cause a problem because their typing could be disrupted by the cursor moving somewhere else due to unintended input. Some people just prefer to use a regular mouse rather than a touchpad. Regardless of the situation, you can disable the touchpad through the laptop's BIOS settings.
Turn on your laptop. Immediately start pressing either the "F2" or the "F10" key to enter your laptop's BIOS settings. If neither of these function keys works, look at the screen for instructions on how to enter the BIOS settings during the booting process.
Video of the Day
Use your laptop's keyboard to navigate to the "Advanced" BIOS tab. Highlight either "System Properties," "Keyboard/Mouse features" or "Device Options" and press the "Enter" key.
Find the line that reads "Internal Pointing Device." Use the arrow keys on your keyboard to highlight the "Enable/Disable" option. Press the "Enter" key after you have highlighted the option and choose to "Disable."
Press the "Escape" key on your keyboard to go back to the root BIOS menu. Go to the "Exit" menu and choose the "Save Changes and Exit" option. The touchpad should now be disabled.
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A Site Dedicated to all enthusiasts of Classic Style Banjo
Anybody know where Rob MacKillop's Stefanelli Tubaphone ended up? I love how that banjo sounds in Rob's videos and am curious what its specifications are (pot size, scale length, action/bridge height, etc).
Bill Evans has it. He now lives in New Mexico. The pot is 12 inches, custom made for Eric Stefanelli by Bill Rickard. The pot is thinner than the usual Rickard tubaphone pot, in order to get a shorter sustain which is good for Ragtime. The scale is about 28 inches. The original bridge is whatever Eric made for the purpose. What Rob used for his videos I dunno. I have the near twin sister of this banjo. Low action, Stefanelli bridge (about 1/2 inch) and I've tried different strings. Eric set it up with the plain strings being Savarez "Instruments Anciens" of gauges heavier than La Bella but not so very thick. The wound 4th was an Aquila string. A large component of the sound of these 2 banjos is the vellum. Eric tried several until he was satisfied that the banjo(s) was/were living up to their potential.
Would it be possible to find out from where Eric Stefanelli got the vellums for those two banjos? Maybe I'll just write him a message here on the forum...
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Begin by exploring the Grand-Place, a mammoth market plaza, the town's nerve center and largest parking lot, facing Lac Léman. The corn exchange on the north dates from the early 19th century. As you walk in this area and along the quay, you'll enjoy views of the Savoy Alps.
For a slice of local life, head for the Café de La Clef, 25, rue de Conseil (tel. 021/921-22-53; www.clefdesol.ch), where Jean Jacques Rousseau stayed in 1730. This is the landmark cafe of Vevey, and over the years it's seen a parade of who's who from Oona Chaplin to Le Corbusier. As you drink your libation, you can enjoy views of the pillared marketplace out front. The decor is dowdy and unfashionable, just how the habitués like it. If you're around at lunchtime, drop in for local Swiss specialties, including lake fish such as perch or even a fondue in winter.
Church of St. Martin, boulevard St-Martin (no phone), dating from the 10th century, is on a belvedere overlooking the resort. It has a large rectangular tower with four turrets, and there's a good view of Vevey from the tower. Its interior has a dusty-looking collection of excavations that, along with the church itself, is always open.
A statue by John Doubleday on the new square Chaplin, quai Perdonnet, commemorates the area's most illustrious former resident, Charlie Chaplin. Chaplin moved here from the United States in 1952 with his young wife, Oona O'Neill, in part to escape accusations of Communist sympathies. Except for brief interludes, he remained in Vevey until his death in 1977. When he died, he was considered a popular, unpretentious (and fabulously wealthy) local citizen. The life-size statue erected in his honor represents the little tramp in baggy pants -- the character Chaplin made famous -- gazing out at his favorite view of Lake Geneva and the Alps in the distance.
Chaplin actually lived in the little village of Corsier, above Vevey, which dates from the 2nd century. Its church is thought to have been established by the Abbey of St. Maurice; inside you can see some 15th-century paintings. Villagers dedicated a park to their famous resident. Although the stately villa he occupied cannot be visited, the comedian is buried in the cemetery (Cimetière de Corsier), a 3-minute walk downhill from the village. Bus nos. 11 and 12 go from Vevey to Corsier.
Note: This information was accurate when it was published, but can change without notice. Please be sure to confirm all rates and details directly with the companies in question before planning your trip.
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Does Hand Sanitizer stop
the spread of the COVID19 Virus?
Over the last couple weeks this has been a question around the dinner table. “Is the pain my hands are enduring really stopping the spread of the virus or are my hands completely dried out for no reason at all?” is a question on everyone’s mind. I have a daughter who works in a pharmacy and a wife who is a nurse and they didn’t have a good answer for me. A lot of people have started making their own homemade versions, but how do you know if they work? I have a bottle in my hand from CVS and it has 16 different ingredients in it; Isopropyl Alcohol, Glycerin Aminomethyl Propanol, Myristate… just to name a few. How do you know which product or ingredient actually does the job?
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration and Center for Drug Evaluation and Research just gave it a definitive YES! Not only are they saying it works, but they are easing regulations on who can produce hand sanitizer in order to get more into the “hands” of the public. They just published the Temporary Policy for Preparation of Certain Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizer Products During the Public Health Emergency (COVID-19) Guidance for Industry. It states if you’re not a licensed or registered drug manufacturer of hand sanitizer, firms can register as over-the-counter (OTC) drug manufacturers to prepare alcohol-based hand sanitizers under the circumstances described in this guidance for the duration of the public health emergency. The key to this new regulation is to use the exact same recipe the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends.
1. Alcohol (ethanol) (80%, volume/volume (v/v) in an aqueous solution
or Isopropyl Alcohol (75%, v/v) in an aqueous solution
3. Hydrogen peroxide (0.125% v/v)
This regulation does not allow for other active or inactive ingredients, such as perfumes, dyes, or flavors. This eliminates the risk of accidental ingestion. Also, different and/or additional ingredients may impact the quality and potency of the product.
So, I guess this is good and bad news. It sounds like we will get a lot more Hand Sanitizer available to protect the population. But surely, hands across the country will be crying out for more lotion.
If you are a firm that is interested in producing FDA Approved Hand Sanitizer, click on:
This contains all the information you need to manufacture, register and label Hand Sanitizer.
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In this article, we will have an in-depth analysis of B.Sc. Agriculture course. We will check out loads of important details related to this Bachelor Degree program. I will cover basic course details, important subjects present in this B.Sc. program, eligibility criteria, scope and job opportunities after graduation etc in this article.
12th Science stream students, who have an interest in the sector of agriculture, may pursue this course. B.Sc. Agriculture course is a great alternate to the B.E./B.Tech. Agriculture Engineering program. Since India is an agrarian country, this field will never run out of job opportunities. To be honest, qualified professionals are always valued, when it comes to agriculture sector. Thus, it is evident that there is more than just one reason to pursue this course!
Article Overview and Contents
Let us start off with the basic course details-
B.Sc. Agriculture: Basic course details
It is a 4 years long Undergraduate Bachelor Degree program. B.Sc. Agriculture program consists of topics such as- agriculture science, use of modern scientific equipment and techniques in agriculture, land surveying, soil science, water resource management, animal and poultry management, basics of biotechnology etc.
The main aim of this program is to use the above mentioned concepts to train students improve agriculture productivity, manage products and pave way for future developments through research activities.
B.Sc. Agriculture course deals with agricultural science and its allied areas. What is agricultural science all about, you may ask. This branch of science deals with boosting agricultural productivity through principles of biology, science, technology etc.
Let us consider a real life example – agricultural practices in arid regions of Kutch, Gujarat, India. In this region, rainfall is scarce. Water resources are far too limited in this region. As a result, there was shortage of water for agricultural activities.
Thanks to agricultural science, farmers in this area now have access to crops that need lower amount of water. Moreover, thanks to modern irrigation practices, they even have access to ample amount of water for agricultural activities. This shows how agricultural science can help improve agricultural productivity.
Let us consider another example – agricultural practices taking place in regions with low soil fertility. In such cases, agricultural officers use modern fertilizers to boost the soil fertility. They also provide training and skills to farmers regarding aspects such as – preparing fertilizer mixture, applying it, work safety, crop rotation etc.
In short, agricultural science’s main aim is to boost agricultural productivity. This branch of science relies on biology, technology and chemistry to achieve the above mentioned goal!
Soil science and fertility, irrigation practices and techniques, plant and crop diseases, fertilizers, sustainable farming, biochemistry, different types of crops, crop rotation – these are some of the important topics covered by B.Sc. Agriculture course. This program also deals with allied sectors such as – horticulture, animal husbandry, poultry farming, food processing etc.
Let us take a look at some of the important subjects present in B.Sc. Agriculture program to know more about what this program is like-
B.Sc. Agriculture: Important subjects present in the program
Please note that I have listed only the important subjects so that readers may get a good idea about what the course is like.
- Agronomy: Basics of Agronomy, Field Crops (Kharif), Field Crops (Rabi), Crop Production, Weed Management, Irrigation Techniques, Water resource management, Organic Farming, Sustainable agriculture. Apart from theoretical subjects, practical sessions are also involved, in case of these subjects.
- Plant Genetics: Botany, Basics of Genetics, Plant Breeding, Seed Technology, Basics of Biotechnology. Apart from the above mentioned theoretical subjects, practical sessions involving these subjects are also present.
- Soil Science: Introduction to Soil Science, Soil Fertility, Soil Chemistry, Fertilizers, Agricultural Chemistry. Apart from the above mentioned theoretical subjects, practical sessions involving the subjects are also present.
- Entomology: Pest Management, Beneficial Insects, Grain Storage and Management. Like the above entries, along with theoretical subjects, practical sessions involving them are also present.
- Agricultural Economics: Market prices, Trade prices, Marketing, Finance, Agribusiness Management, Farm Management. Along with the theoretical subjects, practical sessions involving them are also present.
- Agriculture Engineering: Agriculture Machinery, Power and Tools, Harvest Technology, Environment Science and Engineering, Renewable Energy. Along with the theoretical subjects, practical sessions involving them are also present.
- Agricultural Meteorology: Climate patterns, Climatic hazards on Agriculture, Climatic Zones, Weather forecasting. Practical sessions related to the theoretical subjects are also present.
- Plant Pathology: Crop Diseases, Nematology. Practical sessions related to the theoretical subjects are also present.
- Horticulture: Fruit Crops, Medicinal Plants, Aromatic Plants, Flower Production, Spices, Plantation Crops. Practical sessions related to the theoretical subjects are also present.
- Agricultural Extension: Dimensions of Agricultural Extension, Extension Methodologies, Entrepreneurship Development program. Practical sessions related to the theoretical subjects is also present.
- Computer Education
- Physical Education
- Animal Products
Those were some very important subjects present in the program. Elective subjects will also be present in case of certain semesters. Study tours, field trips, experience earning courses etc are also present in some semesters (varies from one University to another).
10+2 Science stream students with Physics, Chemistry and Biology subjects, who have passed their board examination from a recognized board, are eligible to pursue this course. Minimum marks criteria exists, which varies from one University to another. Generally, it is between 40-50% marks in PCB subjects.
B.Sc. Agriculture Colleges in India
Agricultural colleges across India are known to offer B.Sc. Agriculture course. These colleges can broadly be classified into two types – Government colleges and private colleges.
Classification of colleges has been carried out on the basis of the entity that owns the college. Government colleges work under the State or Central Government department. On the other hand, private colleges work under private educational or charitable trusts.
Government agriculture colleges are known to charge low tuition fees. On the other hand, private agriculture colleges are known to charge relatively higher tuition fees.
Here are some of the popular agriculture colleges in India –
- Anand Agricultural University
- Junagadh Agricultural University
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute
- Navsari Agricultural University
- Parul University
- Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University
- Kerala Agricultural University
- College of Agriculture, Vellayani
- Shivaji University
- Calicut University
- College of Agricultural Biotechnology, Pune
- NSS College
- College of Agriculture, Pune
- Amity University
- Sharda University
In order to secure admission into a good Govt college, you must take part in relevant agriculture entrance exam. These exams are being carried out at State, College and National levels each year.
If you want to get into a good college, you must score well in relevant entrance exam. Reputed institutes rely on merit based admission process. Under this system of admission, seats are distributed among deserving candidates on the basis of their performance in relevant entrance exam.
You may also check –
Some colleges are also known to carry out direct admission process (first come, first serve basis). Some other colleges are known to carry out donation based admission process.
PG Courses and Higher Education
After completing B.Sc. Agriculture course, graduates will get access to different types of PG courses. PG stands for postgraduate level courses.
M.Sc. Agriculture is the most popular PG course among B.Sc. Agriculture graduates. M.Sc. program is two years long. Apart from that, graduates even have access to different types of PG Diploma and PG Certificate (Agricultural science) programs.
After completing relevant M.Sc. course, interested candidates may apply for PhD admission. PhD is a research based program. It is a Doctoral Degree course. This program will help you build a decent career in agriculture R&D sector.
Scope, Job opportunities and Salary after graduation
Lots of Government as well as Private job opportunities are present in front of Graduates. Talking about Government jobs, State Agriculture Departments recruits Graduates to fill up Officer level posts. Government Banks also recruits Graduates to fill up Officer level posts (generally dealing with Loans).
Talking about Private Sector jobs, graduates may find jobs as Managers at Plantations, as Officers at Fertilizer Manufacturing firms, Agriculture Machinery Industries, Agricultural Products Marketing firms, Food processing units etc. Average starting salary is generally between 2-4.5 Lakh Rupees per year.
Some well known job posts available in front of Graduates are-
- Research Officer
- Quality Assurance Officer
- Agriculture Officer
- Agriculture Loan Officer (in Banks)
- Production Manager
- Operations Manager
- Farm Manager
One may also work as an independent consultant after gaining work experience in the above mentioned fields. After B.Sc. Agriculture, one may also go for M.Sc. Agriculture and take up a teaching job, or even go for PhD and build a career in the Research sector associated with the field of Agriculture.
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Looking for Lavanderia Font free download? Look no further!
Lavanderia Font is a unique font designed to replicate old-form construction industry lettering, usually found in the early 20th century. This is a proprietary font for use in both web and graphic design projects.
Lavanderia font was designed by Mike Kuka. He was born in Macedonia, then grew up in Italy. He has worked as a typesetter for the world’s most important graphic design studios. The idea of creating a font for the company Agfa came to him one sunny day in September.
There are many popular typefaces. Some of them are so famous that even their names can be given to people. One of such fonts is the. The classification of this font is handwritten font.
This font is published by Font Diner. This font is featured in the most famous movie in the history of Hollywood. This movie is Avatar. This movie won several Oscars and was nominated for more. This article will tell you everything about Lavanderia Font and its history.
Lavanderia Font Family
Lavanderia has been developed by OTFdesigner, this is a unique font with high quality, simple and beautiful. It can be used for various purposes such as logos, branding, wedding invitations, T-shirts, and many more. Lavanderia also has an uppercase version and lowercase version.
This article will tell you everything you need to know about Lavanderia Font including how to get the same effect with the new version of the font, Brandon Grotesque.
Not a week goes by without a tweet from a frustrated designer struggling to fit text within their Lavanderia Font page designs. Often, the text is pushed below the fold or too close to the bottom of the Lavanderia Font to make it readable. Because of this, many designers tell you that you must use larger sizes and longer lines.
Also Download: Thrasher Font Free Download
Necessity is the mother of invention. A need for more than one hundred different fonts led to the creation of some of the most popular and best-loved fonts, where’s Lavanderia family played the first violin.
Lavanderia is a free hand-lettered font created by the graphic designer and letterer Ole Reymer.
Lavanderia is a hand-painted and brush script font. This typeface has lots of OpenType features and ligatures too.
If you are ready to use this elegant font, be sure to use the download now below to add this font to your desginer toolkit.
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Age: 58, or he would be.
Appearance: None scheduled.
Why are we talking about him? He can’t be making headlines. I think you’ll find he can.
How? Through the publication of an article in the London Review of Books alleging that the official account of Bin Laden’s killing four years ago by Navy Seals who raided his compound was, essentially, a fairy tale.
You mean he’s still alive? Not that much of a fairy tale – he’s definitely dead.
Which bits are fiction then? The article, written by Pulitzer prizewinning journalist Seymour Hersh, cites a source who claims Bin Laden’s presence in the Abbottabad compound was known to senior Pakistani intelligence officials all along, because they were effectively holding him prisoner there.
Really? And that Bin Laden’s whereabouts were revealed to the CIA by a former Pakistani intelligence officer in exchange for a substantial reward.
I thought they tracked him down by spying on his courier and then waterboarding a bunch of people. Apparently there was no such courier, and no relevant information was extracted through torture. Pakistan’s intelligence service knew of and cooperated with every phase of the operation.
Wow. And the burial at sea never happened.
You know what this means, don’t you? What?
It means that Kathryn Bigelow’s movie with Jessica Chastain is utter bollocks. Zero Dark Thirty? To be fair, a lot of people said that at the time.
I just thought I didn’t understand it because everyone mumbled. There are also some real-life implications. For example, Hersh accuses the Obama administration of “high-level lying” in its bid to take credit for Bin Laden’s death.
What does the White House say to that? The White House is making no comment.
Why would they create such a fiction in the first place? According to Hersh, Obama had planned to keep the operation a secret and later claim Bin Laden had been killed in a drone strike. But when a Black Hawk helicopter crashed inside the compound, a cover story had to be concocted.
So they made it all up, and then sold it to Hollywood. That sounds a fair summary.
Do say: “We need to hold those who lie to account!”
Don’t say: “We need to revoke Jessica Chastain’s Golden Globe!”
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3 Steps to Improve Supplier Quality in Your Supply Chain
Quality, health, safety and environmental management systems, such as ISO 9001, ISO 45001 and ISO 14001 require organizations to establish criteria for their suppliers. Supplier quality extends beyond getting the lowest cost, or fastest delivery on a part or service. Supplier quality is a supplier’s ability to deliver goods or services that will satisfy customers’ needs, as defined by the American Society for Quality (ASQ). If your organization incorporates outsourced parts and services into your final products and services, supplier quality is critical to your organization. This article will outline three steps to take to improve supplier quality in your supply chain.
1. Perform Supplier Evaluations
The first step any organization should take to improve supplier performance is to perform supplier evaluations. Supplier evaluations can be developed based your identified criteria for supply chain management, or from the criteria based on your Management System Standard. Evaluating suppliers, before procurement of their products or services, can have long-term benefits in your supply chain. If your organization is struggling with how to evaluate your suppliers, The ISO 9001 Group’s professional and experienced Certified Lead Auditors can help.
2. Develop an Approved Vendor List (AVL)
Once the supplier or vendor has been evaluated, the next step will be to begin selecting suppliers based on their results from the supplier evaluation. Vendors or suppliers that meet the criteria of your management system, or your company’s established criteria, can be included on an Approved Vendor List (AVL), or Approved Suppliers List (ASL). The purpose of the AVL or ASL, is to ensure your organization is only using suppliers that meet established criteria.
3. Conduct Supplier Audits
Developing a planned supplier audit program can provide many benefits to your organization. One benefit of having a supplier program, is that it can help you meet the requirements of your management system standard. Conducting supplier audits can also help you identify opportunities for improvement in your supply chain. If you are experiencing late deliveries, poor quality of products or services or other issues with your suppliers, these can be identified in a supplier audit. Performing audits on your suppliers ensures they are operating according to your established criteria.
If you are experiencing issues with your supplier quality, performing supplier evaluations, developing an Approved Vendor List (AVL) and conducting supplier audits, can assist with improving supplier performance. If you lack confidence in the quality of your outsourced products or services, how can you be confident in your final product? Implementing these 3 steps can help you improve the performance of your critical and non-critical suppliers. For assistance with conducting supplier audits and evaluations, please contact us at iso 9001group.com.
Victoria Ontiveros | Project & Office Coordinator
Victoria earned her BS from Texas A&M University with an emphasis in communications. She oversees office operations and is the first point of contact for all new and existing clients, which means that she is responsible for ensuring that an excellent level of client service is maintained. She provides marketing and administrative support to ensure that office operations run smoothly and efficiently. Above all, Victoria is committed to providing the best experience for The ISO 9001 Group’s clients.
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Welcome to Employment First
Want to create a world that truly works for everyone, including people with a disability?
With just a little more effort and commitment, I believe we can. But it’ll start with society understanding the great opportunity we’re missing through not offering employment to those people with a disability, who, with support, are wiling and capable of working full-time in open employment. Through my nearly thirty years in the disability employment services sector, I have trialled many ways to find and maintain meaningful employment for people with disability. Want to get on board?
Martin Wren has worked in the disability employment service (DES) for 28 years. He started by training in pre-vocational courses for students with disability. Well known for speaking out on the rights of people with disability to find and sustain employment in award-wage jobs that they enjoy, Martin is something of a maverick in the DES field, as he battles from within to change the status quo.
He knows the secret to ensuring there are jobs for each person with a disability willing and able to work. It’s matching the individual’s aspirations and abilities to available jobs in the community. To do this, disability employment services need to:
Unfortunately, this effective approach towards long-term employment is not widely practiced across the industry. Currently, DES staff are encouraged to place their job seekers into any old role just to ‘get them off the books’. Martin speaks regularly locally, nationally and internationally on the right of every person to ‘become a taxpayer’.
Over the years he has been humbled by the many men and women he sees striving to achieve taxpayer status, and is proud to have placed over 15,000 job seekers with disability into work. Not single handedly, mind you! As CEO of NOVA Employment, he has been ably assisted by many talented outlet managers, employment consultants, support workers and job coaches.
Martin's Lastest Blogs
Waste of money to start job preparation at year 10 The NDIA are going to start investing in disability employment services a year earlier, in year 10. This will be a complete waste of effort, time, resources, money ($130 million!) and good will. It won’t make a scrap of difference. Why? Because the
‘Ruled out’ by disability employment services? While I applaud the initiative and determination from the parents of this young man on the autism spectrum, at the same time I am ashamed of the evolution of Disability Employment Services (DES). For background, read this article. But here’s the summary. Brodie’s disability was deemed too
No need to include Disability Employment Services in the Royal Commission For the record, we don’t need to include Disability Employment Services (DES) in the Royal Commission. All we need to do is look at the top five services in New South Wales to see what works. Then replicate. It frustrates me no
Attitudinal change leads to meaningful reform It’s well known that I’m against quotas. They’re discriminatory, paternalistic and humiliating. And they don’t work! Quite simply, quotas don’t change the number of ‘minority’ people participating in the workforce. to learn more about this seemingly radical view. But if you’re against quotas, you’ve got to be
Five steps to workplace inclusion – step 5 Support middle management to understand, implement and assess progress So now you’ve: Well done! You’ve created the framework for an inclusive workplace. Now you must support middle management to understand, implement and assess progress. Don’t miss this step. It’s vital. With strong leadership from the
Five steps to workplace inclusion – step 4 Regularly invest in staff training So, you’ve devised and are implementing a well-documented plan. You’re incorporating inclusion principles across all of the business and creating opportunities for cross-functional interaction among the team. If you haven’t already now it’s time to regularly invest in staff training.
For passionate discussions about how to improve employment services for people with disability, to buy The Ten Demandments or to ask Martin Wren to speak at an event, please get in contact us using the form below.
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From its early beginnings to the present, the United Arab Emirates has operated under the firm belief that the will is the only way to mold the present and build the future in an unbroken cycle of development, infinite creativity, and limitless dreams and goals.
And as part of its development efforts, United Arab Emirates has launched the United Arab Emirates Visual Media Identity.
Visual Media Identity Objectives:
The purpose of the visual media identity is to demonstrate the Emirates’ identity and promote its positive image in the world awareness, at the level of states, peoples, and individuals.
· To commemorate and share the UAE’s experience of learning, growth, and progress with the rest of the globe.
· Highlighting aspects of the UAE vision that embraces the philosophy of the unbelievable and strives to achieve maximum levels of well-being, productivity, and creativity
· Strengthening the national and popular sense of the Emirati community, to turn them into Emirati ambassadors and narrators of the success story of their homeland.
The story of 49 innovators
There were 49 Emirati artists and artisans present. “The 49 Inspirations”, the largest workshop of its kind held to conceptualize and design the signature United Arab Emirates, brought together seven innovators from each Emirate from different fields, including painters, sculptors, artists, researchers, and graphic designers. A brainstorming session was held from which various ideas emerged.
An International Election Campaign
After the three final designs were presented, the UAE’s official media ID website and official accounts of the media ID logo in various social media outlets created a popular voting suit and a sketch, which was the largest of its kind in the region, amid an unprecedented turnout of more than 10.6 million votes in two weeks.
A Role Model and a Source of Hope
The UAE has always been a ray of hope, a catalyst for change, and a pioneer in human maneuverability and collective development, to provide opportunities for Arab youth, maximize their talents, improve their quality of life in all areas, and create a better reality through initiatives that aim to level up
The UAE has always been a beacon of hope, a changemaker, and a pioneer in human movement and collective development, with the goal of providing opportunities for Arab youth, maximizing their energies, raising the standard of living, and improving its quality in all aspects, besides creating a better reality by launching groundbreaking initiatives that aim to move the nation forward
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2. GS Cookie Co. forecasts cash receipts for January and February of $9,000 and $10,000, respectively. Cash Payments of $4,000 and $5,000 are expected these two months. GS Cookie’s cash balance at the beginning of January was $5,000, a level that it attempts to maintain. At the beginning of the year. GS Cookie has a $13,000 balance outstanding on its line of credit at the bank. Based on its cash budget, how much of the line of credit can GS Cookie repay by the end of February?
3. If a firm has a break-even point of 20,000 units and the contribution margin on the firm’s single product is $3.00 per unit and fixed costs are $60,000, what will the firm’s net income be at sales of 30,000 units?
1. If a firm has a price of $4.00, variable cost per unit of $2.50 and a breakeven point of 20,000 units, fixed costs are equal to:
2. A firm has profits of $10,000 on unit sales of 5,000 units. Fixed costs are $30,000. What is the firm’s break-even sales level?
3. Tinbergen Cans expects sales next year to be $30,000,000. Inventory and accounts receivable (combined) will increase $4,000,000 to accommodate this sales level. The company has a profit margin of 10 percent and a 30 percent dividends payout. How much financing will the firm have to seek? Assume there is no increase in liabilities other than that which will occur with the external financing
1. Under normal conditions (70% probability), Financing Plan A will produce $24,000 higher return than Plan B. Under tight money conditions (30% probability), Plan A will produce $40,000 less than Plan B. what is the expected value of return for Plan A over Plan B?
2. Kuznets Rental Center requires $1,000,000 in financing over the next two year. Kuznets can borrow long-term at 9 percent interest per year for two years. Alternatively, Kuznets can borrow short-term and pay 7 percent interest in the first year. Then, Kuznets projects paying
10 percent interest in the second year. Assuming Kuznets pays of the accrued interest at the end of each year, which of the following statement is true?
3. Hicks Health Clubs, Inc., has $10,000,000 in assets. If it goes with a low liquidity plan for the assets if can earn a return of 15 percent, but with a high liquidity plan, the return will be 10 percent. If the firm goes with a short-term financing costs on the $10,000,000 will be 8 percent, and with a long-term financing plan, the financing costs on the $10,000,000 will be 9 percent. Compute the anticipated return after financing costs on the most conservative asset-financing mix.
1. The strong form of the efficient market hypothesis states that
2. The efficient market hypothesis deals primarily with
3. XYZ Co. has forecasted June sales of 600 units and July sales of 100 units. The company maintain ending inventory equal to 125% of next month’s sales. June beginning inventory reflects this policy. What is June’s required production?
1. Wiggles Right forecast sales of $4,000 in January, $6,000 in February and $5,500 in March. All sales are on credit 40% is collected the month of sales and the remainder the following month. How much is collected from accounts receivable in February?
2. A firm has a debt asset ratio of 75%, $240,000 in debt, and net income of $48,000. Calculate return on equity.
3. A firm has forecasted sales of $3,000 in April, $4,500 in May and $6,500 in June. All sales are on credit 30% is collected the month of sale and the remainder the following months what will be balance in accounts receivable at the beginning of July?
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|Project||Topaz Solar Farm|
|Location||Carrizo Plain, San Luis Obispo County, California|
|Began date||November 2011|
|Completion date||November 2014|
|No. of solar panels installed||9 million CdTe solar modules|
|Nominal Power (Capacity)||550 megawatts (MWAC)|
|Project cost||$2.5 billion|
|Area covered||4700 acres|
|Owner||Berkshire Hathaway Energy Renewables|
|Power Purchaser||Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E)|
Topaz Solar Farm is one of the largest solar farms in the United States and has a nominal capacity of 550 megawatts (MWAC). The project involved the installation of 9 million CdTe solar modules. Cadmium Tellurium (CdTe) solar modules belong to thin-film solar technology.
The American solar panel manufacturer FirstSolar acquired the contract to design and manufacture solar panels from Austra in 2009. FirstSolar started the project in November 2011 and took three years to complete it.
In January 2012, BHE Renewables finished the acquisition of the solar farm from FirstSolar. And as of today, BHE Renewables owns, operates, and maintains the solar farm.
Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E), an American utility company, has contracted to buy solar power from the plant for 25 years under a power purchase agreement (PPA). Since California utilities had to mandatorily get 33% of their power from renewable energy, the project was promising for PG&E and a good investment for BHE Renewables. However, a major challenge came in early 2019. After facing multiple wildfire damages, PG&E filed bankruptcy. The plant survived and continues to power 160,000 average Californian homes.
Location and site
Located in the Carrizo Plain, California, the site was chosen after thorough research. Many factors were considered, like solar irradiance, the proximity to the nearest electrical transmission lines, the environmental impact of the project, and land usage.
The adjacent 230 kV Morro Bay-to-Midway transmission line provides access to the site.
Spread across 4700 acres, the solar farm has a positive impact on the environment. With no emission, no waste production, and no water use, the photovoltaic system contributes a very small carbon footprint. Annual rainfall in the region is sufficient to clean the panels. The photovoltaic elements, cadmium and tellurium, are also recyclable.
The vegetation in the region provides dust control and grazing for animals.
The land is a part of previously distributed agricultural land. And after the operation of the project, the land will be restored to its original status.
The modules are ground-mounted and angled at 25°, and the tallest structure of the photovoltaic arrays reaches 5.5 feet high.
Benefits from Topaz Solar Farm
The solar park has added $417 million economic benefit to the region. The majority of it goes to the early projects. It includes $192 million for 400 construction jobs from 2012 to 2014, $52 million for local suppliers, $14 million in sales taxes before commissioning, and every year $400 thousand in property tax.
The renewable power generated displaces 377,000 tons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere annually. It is equivalent to 73,000 cars displayed every year.
Electricity generation from Topaz Solar Farm
The plant started to generate solar power from the beginning of 2013. In its first year of operation, it produced 401,308 MW h. In 2019, the annual production was 1,255,722 MW h or 143 MW. It is 26% of its nominal capacity.
As of 2019, the average annual production stands at 1,129,035 MW h or 129 MW. It is 23.5% of its nominal capacity.
Further, we can see from the table below that the energy produced is always higher in the second and third quarters of the year than the other two. It’s because solar insolation touches its peaks at that portion of the year.
Where is Topaz Solar Farm located?
Topaz Solar Farm is located at 10400, Helios Way, San Luis Obispo County, California, 93453.
How long did it take to build Topaz Solar Farm?
The project began in November 2011 and got completed in November 2014, so it took almost three years to build Topaz Solar Farm.
How big is Topaz Solar Farm?
Topaz Solar Farm has 9 million solar panels occupying an area of 4700 acres.
How many solar panels does Topaz Solar Farm have?
It has 9 million CdTe solar panels installed.
For How many households does Topaz Solar Farm provide energy?
Topaz Solar Farm provides enough energy to power 160,000 average Californian households.
Who owns Topaz Solar Farm?
Topaz Solar Farm is owned by Berkshire Hathaway Energy Renewables.
How much power does Topaz Solar Farm generate today?
In 2019, the net annual power generated by Topaz Solar Farm was 1,255,722 MW h. It is equivalent to 143 MW.
What is Topaz Solar Farm’s annual average power output?
The annual average power output of Topaz Solar Farm is 1,129,035 MW h. It is equivalent to 129 MW.
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The abbreviation VDSL stands for very high speed digital subscriber line and in fact is what the rapid development of networks is mainly speed. Data rates of 25 Mbit / s, and later even 50 Mbit / s, are announced for VDSL. In practice this reduces the German Telekom, the length of copper wire to the end customer, as physically simple rule: the longer the copper cable, the lower the amount of data that can be transported. This occurs mainly by the distance from the central distribution station to the local distribution (the ugly gray boxes on the roadside) is now bridged by new fiber optic cable and the signal transducer (so-called DSLAMs), which interpret between copper wire and fiber optic cable, now from the central distribution station in The local distribution wander. If the distance from the local distribution to the consumer not the 300m mark to the announced speeds are respected. So far so good. Despite the tremendous effort, and the no less impressive investment more than three billion euros will not silence the crowd of doubters on VDSL project simple. Why? VDSL is a hybrid technology that combines fiber optic and copper with great effort.
The disadvantages of the copper cable, such as crosstalk, influence them in the parallel data streams of several participants are negative, still remain. The amounts are capped at the top and it can still not all the participants (only about 40-60% are connected). There is also a technique (DSM-dynamic spectrum management), improved by the modulation method and a different encoding up to 100Mbit / s could be realized without new cable infrastructure. Only a rogue would get there no doubt. In addition, say experts estimate that the complete development of a pure fiber network is not up to the end customers would be more expensive than the current plans.
This pure fiber-optic network that would be the future, thanks to the potential for short passive optical fiber technology (GPON gigabit-passive optical network) active even without the previously required amplifier and therefore could do to maintain all the alternatives proposed. VDSL is not only technically interesting but also economically. The German Telekom plans to use its new fast network like on their own and competitors locked out. What a blessing functioning market structures and sufficient competition for us to have customers demonstrates the unique price after the market liberalization, the end of the nineties. All the more incomprehensible is the buckling of the Federal Government of Deutsche Telekom, the monopoly in the future VDSL network. The amendment to the Telecommunications Act by a vote of the grand coalition, known as “lex Telekom”, which is preventing access of competitors for years, will come at us so dear.
It is not possible to refer to the Network Marketing industry without naming the company Herbalife, one of the heavyweights of this MLM industry and with more prestige at the same time other all powerful as it is Amway. To understand what evidence Herbalife, should be noted for example, that in 2010 it obtained sales of USD 2.734 million, which has more than 2 million distributors in addition that is present in more than 80 countries. These statistics demonstrate how strong that is this company within the multi-level marketing industry. Learn more about this with Robotics expert . On the other hand, in 1986 he began trading on the stock exchange of New York (NYC). The founders in February 1980, in the city of Los Angeles, California, Mark Hughes founded Herbalife multilevel. If you are not convinced, visit Ali Partovi.
The dream come true of Mark Hughes, would be to share health and well-being to people through balanced nutrition, thus also grow the economic condition through a choice of business within the reach of everyone. The Herbalife products has eight different areas in which it has channelled its products which are completely natural. They are eight different areas towards which Herbalife has orientated its products which are completely natural. Your product star is related to weight control. It has another line of products focused to improve health through cellular nutrition with all kinds of antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, etc. A third range of products is profiled in nutrition for athletes, with which you can increase muscle fiber and physical performance. Also found the line for personal care that prevents aging of the skin, at the same time a line of fragrances, which employs a method known as Crown technology, and also the line dedicated to makeup, in the end, all women need.
The Plan of compensation the compensation plan is similar to Amway, stepped type or by rupture. In the era in which the two companies were founded that used to be the compensation plan that is customary. Herbalife pays 10 ways different distributors, of which I present the Basic 4:-direct sale: when a distributor enters into this company, receives from 25% up to 50% discount on the cost of sale to the public. -Sales to the largest: the company enables you to find other distributors and pay 25% of the sales of the equipment. -Royalty: Here would be achieved when residual income when distributors of your team are qualified as wholesalers. Herbalife pays 5% up to a third level of qualified wholesalers. -Production bonds: these bonds are repaid by the production of the wholesalers qualified from the first generation to infinity, and always and when reached some level of royalties:-when he begins to receive 1,000 USD royalty, a 2% bonus is paid. -When receiving royalties of $ 4,000 received in addition a bonus of 4%. -When royalties from 10,000 USD will receive a 6% bonus is paid. The author is a Networker committed to teach their knowledge of MLM (Network Marketing) to all those persons wishing to improve their performance in this industry. You can access the full article you know Herbalife MLM and of course to other articles such as sponsorship 3.0 and the Marketing of attraction, in this direction.
In short, all accounts that you have associated with your Gmail email, in any of the Google’s service have been unified and have received a Google account +, therefore this account is considered to be an active user of Google +. Where other services are controlled. I don’t know if you have been clearer than before, but it is better to go for practical examples. Google + attractive and simple according to Google, this is the motto which describes the new Google +. If still you haven’t seen the video presentation, here you have it, it is not in Spanish but nor say anything that cannot be seen, in addition I will analyze it step by step: according to Google think that you’ll find it much easier to use and attractive view, but more importantly, you’re going to help accelerate our efforts to create a more beautiful and simple Google.
One of the most common and most important forms of advertising in online advertising is still the banner ads. Although this form of advertising in the future by other and new forms of advertising on the Internet partially replaced, their importance remains high and is from the area of online advertising is not indispensable. A special form of banner advertising banner exchange is dar. This form of advertising is particularly suited for webmasters who want to introduce on the one hand their own homepage, but have, on the other side does not have the financial resources to the cost of advertising for online advertising to bear. In this case, it offers a banner exchange, than to have to totally free to place an advertising banner. Banner exchange describes a mutual exchange of banner advertising between several web site providers. The free exchange of banner advertising is almost always offered as a free service of an advertising network. This network or banner exchange system called the key performs tasks in the banner exchange.
First, it has several Webmaster to a network together and the other is the operator of the technical system to enable the banner exchange is technically possible in general. This includes in particular the actual delivery of relevant banner impressions (banner views) for each of the partner sites and to ensure the counting of the faded banner views and clicks on these banners were carried banner advertising. These figures are not just as statistics and thus allow for the monitoring of advertising effectiveness (eg, using the click-through rates) is necessary, but also a fair exchange banners only.
Microsoft acquires social network Yammer for $ 1.2 billion. A few weeks ago he knew of the negotiations between Microsoft and the Internet company based in San Francisco. Similar to Facebook and with around five million users, Yammer bases its strategy on the formation of social networks private among the employees of many companies that use the network as a work tool. It’s a social network that works in a private and secure environment. Elitist where they exist, Yammer customers include about 80% of the companies in the Fortune 500 as Ford Motor list. Educate yourself with thoughts from Marc Mathieu. Nothing to do with their similar Facebook, Twitter or Google + (website design).
Another multibillion-dollar acquisition of Microsoft which adds to the Skype in 2011 for eight thousand five hundred million dollars. By then Microsoft acquired the company calls and video calls over the Internet, headquartered in Luxembourg, with a total of 170 million registered users. Yammer share documents and projects, are classified, labelled and reviewed content, forums are created from discussion, mini blogs, Wikis and all this with the information shared by users that necessarily have to be employees of any of the companies in the network (web Hosting). According to the company social network Yammer helps that employees will auto organize into teams, collaborate in decision-making and be more productive and successful. Perhaps the revenge of Microsoft after the acquisition of Quickoffice by Google a few weeks ago. The rivalry between the companies is more than evident but Microsoft seeks, above all, compete with IBM, and Salesforce.com that Buddy Media acquired, and with Oracle purchased Vitrue or Cisco; ESN (Enterprise Social Networking) features all of them have been added to their suites.
For its part, Yammer makers expect that the enterprise social network to benefit from the experience and resources of Microsoft and contributes to knowledge and massive growth of the same. Microsoft seeks to develop a complete solution that Yammer becomes part of your cloud (cloud), i.e. of the products Office 365, SharePoint, Skype and Dynamics. Front of Yammer will continue its current Chief Executive, David Sacks. The social network founded in 2008 landed in Microsoft with very good growth forecasts, opportunity that leaves no escape the King of software. We’ll see if in future Yammer extends its circle of companies and registered users to compete with Facebook and Google. Criacao de Sites Web development Sites
Each of the social bookmarking not yet know, will know after reading this hopefully something more. Social Bookmarks on German words meaning "social bookmark". Other names for it are not in our language. The differences are already going on between bookmarking and social bookmarking. The traditional bookmarks are there, that pages that are very popular can be found faster next time and called. Another term in this context are the favorites. Robotics expert has compatible beliefs. In social bookmarking, however, it is that these bookmarks are not created on a home PC, but on the homepage of a designated agent for it. That means for each user that simply visiting the site of such a supplier and then there a bookmark to the page, which he liked to visit, sits.
The result of this is that everyone can see what pages are most frequented, and it can also visit and even get a picture of it. The big advantage is obvious and indeed that when a social bookmarking Bookmark will be stored only once and this then also independent of their own PC. Say it can also be accessed from the road on it and the provider is not limited to his home for access. Donald W Slager may help you with your research. Due to the fact that shows how often a page is bookmarked, can be estimated if a page or site is worth a visit. Social Bookmarking is in a sense the opposite of a search engine. Here is the main man finds the pages, while this is the search engine as the name implies, the machine makes. Social Bookmarking for Free Water Boat Market with photo
When we hear any talk or motivating story suddenly thought well I will also do something good with my life!, many people begin to pray that things will change, but it seems that God do not hear them, what happens? It does not mean that God does not hear us, the power of him there has been, is and will always be, what happens is that to bring about changes you need to make a conscious effort, since the fact of prayer implies a discipline. Several people are very excited to see the movie the secret and know about the law of attraction, but people repeatedly ask me not me is working? The answer is that it really works but there are several myths that break as we mentioned by Andrew Corentt in the book the secret of the power of goals and the first one is to expect external changes without changing persons internally. E.g. a person dreams of being an entrepreneur (a) success but continues with bad habits of always: it rises late, leaves things to do, you can’t order at his home, is unpunctual, postpones commitments, in General leads a disorderly life, you think that a person with those behaviors can succeed, too unlikely truth. Why in the book the secret of the power of goals we mentioned the importance of clearly defining our desire and support it with planned actions that will allow us to move forward towards our goal. Learn more at this site: Peter Asaro. Every time that you run different actions you are changing your life, success is actually a set of good habits, if you currently do not have achieved it means that not even owns some of these habits. In the book the secret of the power of goals of Andrew Corentt is to teach many techniques that change the way in which you receive and process information in your mind, once it has processed properly then you will run after your wishes, your happiness, dreams and freedom. When a person has well defined your goals begins to experience powerful changes, will never be the person before, then there if it is possible to observe external differences, is there where’s wishes, work, prayer and any energy towards its objective function. Achieve life changes? If your answer is affirmative then begin to analyze your current situation, what?, what do not you have liked?, would you like to stay?
A unique opportunity for prestigious calida fair CeBIT, in which half of the world, is represented and involved about 5,000 companies, has appointed country invited to Spain. More than 80 Spanish companies are going to the fair which is held every spring. The Minister of industry, tourism and trade, Miguel Sebastian, at the official presentation of Spain as country protagonist in CeBIT 2010 stressed: great opportunity for Spain, for its technological boost. PCTV updates its website.Already has starting with the Spanish language, and translate your web progressively into the main European languages. With a more modern design and a more intuitive navigation for users, PCTV has launched the new website. The web site is a space which seeks to be closer to the consumer and that offers information both from its catalogue of products and of their latest releases. According to the company, these improvements respond to the use of new technologies, and above all, adaptation of the needs of today’s consumer.
It allows not only greater and easy updating of content, display in all browsers and better positioning. A virtual image clearer so that customers and fans of new technologies can navigate by it or simply consult information products more quickly and more easily. A simple escape where you can view pictures of all their products. You can also download from it, its software TVCenter 6.20. The new website is more functional and more practical than ever shown. We wanted to make it much simpler, more visual and practical. Another cause that has been renewed is by the demand of customers. We have enhanced the classification of products by continent, since different TV models to follow.
And within each of these sections: hybrids, digital, satellite etc. Becomes available to users who want to know all the details of a product before purchasing it, and with the possibility of downloads, as well as more technical information of the different products. The website provides information of their products and corporate news, with a section for high resolution press photos.
Trading in the network increases by the day. More recently, to perform any acquisition, it was necessary to avoid almost all the city, spending a lot of time and effort, and not the fact that in one way or another hypermarket you will meet you need a thing. In this case, the potential buyer to help the advent of modern technology: the process of selecting and purchasing products through the Internet requires much less time and much more comfortable. In the Internet shops can buy virtually everything and in conventional malls: books, jewelry, household items, cars and so on. To a visitor could easily find their desired products in such stores, usually to create a convenient catalog. Using the same shopping portal is not difficult to find online stores that sell goods necessary for you to compare prices and purchase conditions.
Construction work, which online store different from the usual shopping store allows you to always have a wide range of goods. Even if the main activity of the virtual store – wholesale, you will receive your order as a whole, regardless of its size and the total price. The prospect of a fairly prompt the desired volume of products that offer online shopping, also appreciated the companies that produce small wholesale or retail trade trade. Most often, the formation of an order made by the buyer through e-shopping cart. Having received a proper order, the customer gets to your e-mail account, valid for at least two days.
For this term marked products, as it were postponed on request. If funds are not received on time, your account will be canceled and the order is considered void. In that case, if the funds for whatever reason, are trapped in the bank, then you should contact the manager on the phone and notify that the goods remained behind you and has not been implemented other buyers to pay. Most potential consumers of equipment for home, satisfied all the conditions purchase equipment through an online store, stops just one point – they do not know how are the service and contracting. Do not worry, this aspect of the online shops did not differ from actually existing shopping centers, offered their products to be sure, and service and warranty. Thus, complete with products purchased you will come and guide use, and warranty card, and a list of addresses of service centers in your community or nearby towns.
Before addressing the issue of teaching a dog to sit, we are going to teach your dog to come to you maybe you missed as many people that have a dog for the first time, often frustrated each time that they tell to his but come! and the friend alli stays at with face of not understanding that you are trying to tell you. If you would like to teach a dog to come to you? Unfortunately, dogs don’t understand the commands by instinct is something that many people who have dog can not understand! A good way to start to teach him to respond to the command come! is to say see! every time the dog moves in the direction where these you. Then reward it and caress it for having come toward you, even without that necessarily have done so in response to your command. Teach your dog to go to where your are this way makes that training is less intense and creates a very comforting situation both for you and for your dog. And now we teach your dog to sit! As teaching a? dog sit? The command sit! or sit! is usually one of the first people to teach your new dog.
However, personally I think that it is more convenient to learn first to go towards you – with the command come! we explained above and then teach him to sit before offering the reward. Teach a dog to sit is simple, but must be done with patience and dedication. Always reward your dog every time that it succeeds. Instead of simply pressing for down in the back of the spine and force him to sit – usual-, considered placing a hand there and the other under her breast, gently, then tell her sit! (remember that you don’t need to shout, but if using a tone of authority) while applying slight pressure to down in the back area and up in the chest area. Reward your dog with caresses, flattery and any cookie! when hit the goal. OK already is now want to know how to make your dog stays in place when your order is How many times do we need that! Once you’ve achieved that you feel, you’re ready to learn how to stay in your site. If you would like to teach a dog who stays on your site? Place your dog in position sitting and reward him with a cookie.
Now place your hand in front of the dog’s snout (without touching it), and di Quietus!. Begins to recede back by hand always forward. Di sake! if your dog stays at the site and allow you to go towards you for your reward after a few seconds. Each time that you repeat this process successfully, increases the time interval until you get your dog to stay at the site for a full minute. Always reward him with their cookies, caresses and praise for a job well done. It is preferable to carry out this training in a quiet place, however you can alternate practice at home and in a public park to reinforce Quietus! means staying on the site regardless of the environment where it can receive the command. I am Marcelo Perez, and I congratulate you for your progress!
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Social Activism ,Political Commetary and Solutions
TheVoiceOfJoyce Heat pumps should be on everyone’s shopping list. They are very efficient, effective, but costly. The savings in Carbon Dioxide and gas are enormous. Our $300-600 credit is too small, considering we Subsidize Big Oil for a $ Trillion a year! Heat Pumps now cost about $2000 for an a 1 BrApt – $10,000 for a home. Japan runs on heat pumps and has a reduced Carbon footprint and savings on gas! The EU needs American heat pumps and we need them, too!
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D.C. Circuit judges lift order that blocked Tennessee from taking over public resources from Mississippi
The battle between the state of Mississippi and Tennessee over control of water supplies in the Mississippi delta appears to be at an end.
After a nearly two-year political battle, two federal appeals court judges on Wednesday reversed the federal government’s ban on Tennessee taking over Mississippi’s entire drinking water.
The order from three judges of the US appellate court for the DC circuit (PDF) ends the years-long battle that pitted the states against each other over scarce water supplies.
Mississippi had asked for the ban to be lifted for the state to receive a share of the water that it has acquired by building pump systems, a request that Tennessee opposed.
The order on Wednesday lifts a January 2014 court order by a three-judge panel of the DC circuit that blocked Tennessee from taking over the Mississippi water.
This means that Tennessee may now start working with local governments and conservation groups to take control of public water systems and offer Mississippi residents water that is treated and safe enough to drink.
Tennessee still cannot touch water exports to other states, but long-term improvements in treatment technology could help protect it from environmental problems.
“I’m happy and relieved to see this in the rearview mirror,” Mississippi governor Phil Bryant told the Associated Press after the court’s order came down.
“What this does is put a statute in front of us that says yes, Tennessee can contribute to water protection efforts that are already being done in Mississippi,” he said.
The last point was made by the court on Wednesday.
Both Mississippi and Tennessee were once part of one kingdom, the Mississippi confederacy, which had sovereignty over the entire region. After the civil war, its state governments became independent of the empire.
But even after being founded separately, the states still met under federal supervision. The federal government supplied Mississippi with 5.5m acre-feet of water for its drinking, industrial and sewage systems from the mid-19th century until it stopped in 2007.
Tennessee gets less water. But it was able to tap into the south-western coastal plain due to previous court decisions that let it sue Mississippi for old water claims.
Tennessee pays no federal taxes and builds all its water systems with tax dollars, so it did not need a water grant from Mississippi.
When the state’s new governor, Bill Haslam, began pushing for control over the water, Mississippi’s Secretary of State Delbert Hosemann moved to stop the states from sharing it.
Haslam and Mississippi governor Phil Bryant sparred in the years since, but the dispute didn’t gain a serious political life after President Donald Trump, who was and is the son of a Tennessee resident, showed interest in the states’ dispute in early 2017.
After Trump proposed spending $19bn on a so-called “border wall” along the US-Mexico border, Mississippi’s governor Phil Bryant blasted the president and Tennessee governor Bill Haslam, whom he had both previously backed in the Republican primaries, saying they “should be ashamed of themselves” for pushing for a legal settlement.
Haslam fired back saying that it was “preposterous” to claim that the project was the nation’s priority.
“I haven’t had a chance to take a closer look at it, but to my reading, the whole thing looks pretty weak for all that’s being spent on it,” the Tennessee governor told the Knoxville News Sentinel in a Feb. 3, 2018 report.
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Nucleoplasty is a minimally invasive treatment for contained herniated discs. In nucleoplasty, advanced radio-frequency devices are used to remove soft tissue in open and minimally invasive spinal surgery. Tissue is ablated and coagulated through molecular disintegration, with only minimal thermal damage to surrounding tissue.
In some cases, nucleoplasty is the answer to quick, lasting relief -- but without the drugs or major surgery associated with other methods.
Although it is surgery, the procedure is relatively simple -- more like getting a vaccination or steroid injection. It's minimally invasive.
Directed to the precise source of the pain, the radio waves work to gently dissolve small amounts of unwanted spinal disc tissue, thus reducing the pressure in the disk. It's the pressure that can cause lower back and upper leg pain.
Nucleoplasty disc decompression is considered a "conservative" approach to pain management, much on the order of pain drugs, epidural steroid injections and physical therapy, he said, as opposed to radical approaches requiring more invasive surgical techniques.
To understand what a contained herniated disc looks like, one should think of a bicycle tire with a bulge in it. When a bulge or "herniation" appears in the shell of a disc, severe pain can result. This is because the disc is surrounded by sensitive nerve roots.
When the bulge becomes large enough to come in contact with these nerve roots, the sensation of pain can radiate throughout the lower back and upper legs.
So, in much the same way that a bulging tire can be reduced by releasing some of the air, a herniated disc can be treated by relieving pressure inside the disc.
The procedure begins with a local anesthetic and light sedative. With the patient awake, small amounts of raidio wave energy are released into the damaged disc through a catheter-like device that is about the thickness of a dime.
The energy creates a reaction at the molecular level that dissolves some of the spongy tissue inside the damaged disc. Then, as pressure inside the disc is reduced, the herniation in the shell retracts. Irritation to the nearby nerve roots is eliminated, and pain is relieved.
Typically, the entire nucleoplasty radio wave injection procedure takes 20 to 30 minutes, and the patient is ready to walk out of the clinic in about an hour.
According to clinical studies, the results are about the same as those of traditional disc surgeries -- but with a big difference. "With nucleoplasty, the patient does not experience the trauma, lengthy recovery period, high cost, or most other potential complications," the doctor said.
Based on these studies, he said, approximately four out of five nucleoplasty patients have seen successful results as measured by patient satisfaction scores, reduced pain, absence of narcotics use, and return to work.
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Looking for a job is always a challenge. You need to find the company that meets your expectations and then stand out from other candidates, show your knowledge and skills. Even in strong economies, a regular job search takes your time and energy. However, things have become even harder in the period of coronavirus pandemic. It is a no-brainer that it has significantly affected the job market, leaving many people in dire straits. On the other hand, it has opened many opportunities so that you shouldn't give up.
If you know your goals and are ready to develop new skills, you'll find a new job this year.
What Is the Status-Quo in the Job Market?
First of all, if you want to develop an efficient plan, you need to understand the current situation. According to the statistics provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor, there are two job searching people per each job opening. Though it doesn't sound pretty optimistic, it is even a huge improvement from the last year. There were periods with 6-7 unemployed persons for the one open position. But it is still nowhere near the coronavirus pandemic where there were more job opportunities than unemployed individuals.
What can be understood from these statistics? You still have a chance to find a job, but you need to run twice as fast to not stay in one place. Recruiters receive dozens of CVs and cover letters, so you need to find a way to impress them with your application.
Best Strategies to Bring Home the Bacon These Days
Whether you've lost your job, bold enough to switch careers, or are going to try yourself in a job hunt after college, some tips will help you to achieve your goal.
Prepare a Flawless Application
The first impression matters always. But it is extremely important when you're in the rate race. A non-professional CV can ruin everything.
Just imagine how many CVs a regular hiring manager receives every day. Recruiters of the top companies receive even more. The smallest of errors can be enough to forget about your application. It means that you can't approach this step lightly.
It goes without saying that your CV shouldn't contain typos or grammatical errors. But it is not enough to make the necessary impression. You need to make your resume and cover letter interesting and selling. So, consider using the best practices of resume creation, reading some samples to analyze them, trying design tools like Canva. It would also be a good idea to find as much information about the company as possible and use this knowledge in your cover letter. For example, you can read about the company's values and goals and show that you're the perfect match. And, for God's sake, don't send the same piece to several enterprises at once. Personalization is a king nowadays.
What If You're A Fresh Graduate?
If you've just graduated from college or university, chances are you have no work experience, but that doesn't mean you don't have any advantages at all. For example, while your seasoned colleagues struggle from burnout, you are full of enthusiasm. Younger people are more likely to generate new creative ideas, work in teams, and so on. Besides, they are ready to work at junior positions and earn less, so don't miss an opportunity to start a bright career. Writing a resume, indicate your experience even if it was not paid: group projects, volunteering, competitions, etc. You can include working on case studies, research, etc.
It would also be a good idea to discuss your ambitions and fears with a career expert. Find a professional in a specific field who will provide you with reasonable feedback.
Consider Your Salary Expectations
Along with reducing the number of open positions, the companies had to reduce their budgets. Most enterprises and, especially, small businesses hire just to stay aboard.
If you're a valuable professional with unique experience who can help the company overcome the COVID-19 crisis, you may ask for a higher salary. However, most people are looking not for financial benefits but some stability. Many professionals faced job loss and need to work their fingers to the bone for their families. Check some platforms like Glassdoor, Indeed, Zippia to find out what are the average salaries in different fields (and even specific companies) these days.
If you understand that you can’t earn a lot right now, think about how you can get the most out of your position. You can ask the employer about additional benefits, e.g., health insurance, partial employment, retirement plan. The company can pay for your education, support families with children, and so on.
Develop New Skills
If you understand that you're a regular job seeker without outstanding talents and hiring managers don't dream of joining their team, you have two options to choose from. You can take it personally and blame coronavirus that it is impossible to find a job. Or you can take every chance to change something.
Look around. The world has changed. Pandemic shows us that some jobs are not that necessary while others will be very popular in the next few years. For example, data science is a very promising field these days. There is also a great demand for software developers, healthcare experts, financial advisors, informational security experts.
Of course, you can’t change your profession rapidly, and it wouldn’t be the best choice if you need to bring home the bacon right now. What you can really do is to develop new skills.
There is a list of essential skills that you need to have to gain a competitive edge:
- Good communication;
- Public speaking;
- Critical thinking;
- Research skills;
- Software knowledge: Google Docs, Excel, Zoom, Slack, Trello, etc.;
- Social media management.
If you haven't tried online courses at Coursera, edX, Udemy and other popular platforms, create an account right now. The time that you spend at home checking job boards can be used wisely. Once you have new skill sets, you'll receive the chance to make your Linkedin profile and CV more interesting.
While many companies have to fire their employees because of the crisis, they still need somebody to do this job. Though they cannot pay the full salary and provide you with the office and other employment benefits, they may hire freelancers.
Such platforms as Upwork, Freelancer.com, Fiverr, etc., have a lot of job postings for content writers, designers, software developers, translators, accountants, sales managers, etc. You can find a one-time project to earn some money, train your skills, and develop your portfolio.
Expand Your Network
Though lockdown requires all people to isolate at home, it doesn't mean that you should be really isolated. Of course, we don't ask you to hang around during the pandemic, but you still have the Internet, right?
There are a lot of websites where people maintain their social connections. Linkedin, Facebook, Instagram, and even Clubhouse are full of exciting people who share their content and are ready for communication. You can add new contacts, e.g., recruiters, startup owners, professionals from your field. Send nice messages, comment on their posts, visit their meetings. You never know where you find the next job interview invitation.
Don't Give Up Too Early
Think about the traditional sales funnel with different stages. The same thing works here. If you send 50 applications, 25 phone calls, 13 video interviews, and only about 2 offers, you don't necessarily accept it. Once you start this search process, you'll easily notice some stages and typical patterns.
According to this example, if you need more offers, what should you do? Of course, you should double the number of your job applications. The more companies you reach with the CV, the better your chances to get the job. Fortunately, most employers don't organize face-to-face interviews these days, and you don't have to waste time commuting.
Besides, don't be too disappointed if some of your interviews are not as good as you expected. Analyze your answers, and think about how you can make them better next time.
Don't Make it a Secret
Looking for a new job during the COVID-19 pandemic, you should ensure that everyone knows about your plans. You can receive an interesting offer anywhere. Even the older woman from the next-door apartment may have a granddaughter looking for a specialist like you.
It would be a good idea to make a post on your social media describing your professional background and ambitions. Ask your friends to share it so that you reach a bigger audience. If you know some people from different companies you would like to join, send them messages asking about new positions.
Always Appreciate Feedback
Human resources managers working in different companies may have different expectations. It is important to understand that it is not about your personality if you don't get the offer. Maybe they were looking for a person who will match their team seamlessly. Or you can be overqualified for them. If you don't know a specific reason, it may ruin your motivation. So, if you feel that something is wrong, don't hesitate to ask the recruiter. In any case, you win: you receive valuable feedback to improve your skills or peace your mind down, knowing that you did your best.
Unfortunately, the COVID pandemic is a challenge for everyone on the job market. Businesses (especially smart startups) are going through hard times, people have to work their tails off to make ends meet. Desperate times call for desperate measures, so prepare for constant development, new challenges, and risks. However, when this crisis ends, your efforts will pay off.
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Download our latest podcast here.
Google Chrome designed for simplicity, speed and security
Google released its Chrome operating system to the open-source community on Thursday and said it has designed the netbook OS to be faster, simpler and more secure than existing ones. However, Google also made it clear that Chrome will not be able to replicate everything that other operating systems do. For example, Chrome OS will only run Web-hosted applications and its peripherals will have to comply with specific hardware reference designs. This means it will not even be able to run applications built for Google’s own Android mobile operating system. As such, when the first Chrome OS netbooks hit the market at the end of 2010, Google expects them to be “companion” devices whose owners will also have conventional PCs in their houses.
Dell sales down from last year
Dell reported third-quarter profits on Thursday that were down 54 percent from this time last year, though the company said it was encouraged by a slight uptick in sales from the prior quarter. Sales were down from last year in all of Dell’s main business units, including the large-enterprise division, where revenue dropped 23 percent, and the small-and-medium-sized business segment, where revenue fell 19 percent. Still, Chief Financial Officer Brian Gladden said Dell saw some “encouraging signs” and that business had started to improve in some commercial markets.
China conducting cyberwarfare against U.S.
Cyberattacks on the U.S. Department of Defense — many of them coming from China — have jumped sharply in 2009, a U.S. congressional committee reported Thursday. Citing data provided by the U.S. Strategic Command, the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission said that there were 43,785 malicious cyber incidents targeting Defense systems in the first half of the year. That’s a big jump. In all of 2008, there were 54,640 such incidents. If cyber attacks maintain this pace, they will jump 60 percent this year. The committee is looking into the security implications of the U.S.’ trade relationship with China. It released its annual report to Congress Thursday, concluding that a “large body of both circumstantial and forensic evidence strongly indicates Chinese state involvement in such activities.”
Remote optomotrist: there’s an app for that
An Indian eye hospital in Bangalore is piloting software that will push retinal images collected from patients in remote locations to doctors’ iPhones. Doctors can then quickly send their diagnosis and recommendations from their iPhones. Doctors are more likely to have access at all times to their mobile phones than their laptop computers. The hospital plans to use the technology to test infants for a potentially blinding condition called Retinopathy of Prematurity, besides other conditions such as ocular cancers.
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In July 2007, the Ontario Human Rights Tribunal ordered the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) to call out stops on all its surface routes after hearing a case by David Lepofsky, a blind lawyer who uses transit and argued that not calling the stops violated his rights.
This was the second such case. Two years previously, Lepofsky had successfully argued for the same service on subways, but the TTC had stubbornly refused to extend the stop calls to its surface routes without a second case.
Amazingly, the HSR argued at the time that the OHRT decision was not binding and would not apply to Hamilton transit.
However, the Ontario Human Rights Commission now requires that all public transit providers announce all transit stops. As a result, the HSR will install an automated system to call stops as part of a planned radio system upgrade this year.
With council voting to approve an additional $530,000 to expand the scope of the investment, the new system [PDF link] will cost $3.7 million to install and be paid out of the federal gas tax transfer.
It will include: new radio systems for fleet vehicles to communicate with central dispatching; a second transmitter to maintain radio contact even if one transmitter fails; fully automated audio and visual stop announcements; and automated vehicle location via GPS.
Possible future enhancements could include a web-based API with realtime data on vehicle location so transit users can see exactly where their bus is.
The existing radio system was installed in 1982, has far outlived its design life, and has failed four times since last Christmas.
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Rodent control bali methods is important because it is quite scary without us realizing it turns out that the problem of babies whose lives are threatened due to lack of parental supervision is still happening around us.
Seeing this, how important it is to take care of babies needs to be increased again for us as parents. It was recently reported that a three-month-old baby in China was attacked by a colony of rats when left at home without his parents’ supervision. Unfortunately, the baby’s face was bitten by a rodent and reportedly suffered over 100 injuries.
It was reported that parents of babies before leaving their babies, they did not wipe their faces from leftover food after feeding their children. After being left for 15 minutes without parental supervision, the baby was already in a dying state.
The baby’s mother was really shocked and immediately took her child to the hospital. But unfortunately it can no longer be saved. It’s terrible isn’t it? Rats, which are small animals that we take for granted, can actually endanger someone’s life, let alone frown on our favorite child.
Discussing rats further, we as a rat control service in Bali would like to provide information on how to eradicate rats naturally at least to suppress the rat population in your residence so that things that are not desired by you and your family do not happen.
Natural Ways to Get Rid of Rats
1) Peppermint Oil
Rats really don’t like the smell of peppermint. So by that peppermint can be used as a way to get rid of mice in your home in a natural way. The method that can be done is very easy, spray peppermint oil on the area that the mice feel is passing. This can help minimize the rat population in your environment
The earliest method of repelling mice was mothballs. Camphor is believed to be effective at repelling rats. Put some camphor in a place frequented by rats. Wear gloves to be more comfortable and always remember to wash your hands after handling camphor.
The second method to get rid of mice is to mix 2 tablespoons of detergent with a quarter cup of water. Place it in a place where rats often arise. This mixture will make mice feel insecure because they can’t stand the smell of detergent.
4) Environmental Sanitation
The most important thing to do is environmental sanitation. Seeing that rats are pests that like a dirty environment, it is recommended that we clean our dwelling or environment regularly. This is intended to maintain cleanliness and minimize or suppress the rat population to nest in our dwellings.
In addition, maintaining cleanliness is also beneficial for us to minimize diseases, viruses, bacteria that may multiply in our area. Isn’t it very good to prevent before things happen that you don’t want? It’s never too late to protect the environment.
Rodent Control Bali Methods
Based on our experience as a rat extermination service in Bali, rats can breed very quickly so it is quite difficult to handle alone. We’ve come to be your solution if you want to save your time tackling a large rat population.
We have a special method that is very unique and original in dealing with the problem of mice evenly. Stay away from things you don’t want like your child being killed by a rat, let’s suppress the rat population together. We are ready to help you anytime.
Best solution for your rodent problem
Fast respon and Free rodent inspection
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How-to: Edit your PDF documents with webPDF
With webPDF you can not only convert more than 100 different formats. It is also possible to archive business e-mails in a legally secure manner, to make graphics, scan & fax documents editable or to apply signatures and time stamps to PDF documents.
With webPDF, documents can be created or checked in PDF/A standard (ISO 19005) to use the PDF documents for archiving. OCR can also be used to convert graphics, scan and fax documents into searchable and editable PDF documents. These versatile features are especially useful when working with PDF documents.
Some of the most important functions of webPDF:
- Preview of the result of your PDF edits possible
- Zoom allows you to apply functions to individual pages and entire documents
- Individual pages and sections can be selectively deleted or extracted
- Document parts can be re-aligned using the rotation function
- Pages of documents or entire PDFs can be shared and merged
- You can insert watermarks (stamps) or digital signatures
- Optical text recognition (OCR): OCR text recognition of graphics, scans (convert graphics to searchable PDF documents) possible
- You can extract content and text from the PDF (text extraction as ASCII text file/ URL extraction of all links or via the “Info” function, which creates an XML file with information about the PDF document).
An interesting editing function of the webPDF-portal is also the modification of the document description (metadata) of the PDF:
It is possible to define or change the most different information of a PDF document with the service “Change description”. This service is based on the Toolbox web service and allows you to modify the document description according to your requirements. The dialog allows you to define the metadata of a PDF document, including the title, author or subject of your document:
The description can also be accessed via Adobe Reader under File/Properties. Additionally webPDF offers you the possibility to use the service “Graphic Export”, which is also based on the Webservice Toolbox. You can convert individual pages or the entire PDF into different graphic formats by calling up the “Export as graphic” dialog.
By the way: If you specify more than one page for the export, the webPDF portal creates a ZIP file with the pages to be exported.
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Nature enters the office
Every day, people living in the largest cities spend as much as 90% of their time indoors. So it is no wonder that three in every four people asked about a perfect office respond that it should be located next to a park or another outdoor green area. Our latest Warsaw project – the Forest office campus – is heavily inspired by nature, following the philosophy of biophilic design.
When we surveyed a few hundred office workers in Warsaw, as many as 72% of the respondents said they like to spend their breaks in a green space while 70% appreciate the opportunity to spend this time on a green patio or terrace on the roof of their office building. Forest is an ideal response to these needs, with a connecting courtyard and green recreation areas the size of two football pitches to be built between our buildings. The project will see us plant more than 400 trees and shrubs.
Biophilic buildings can positively affect people’s health in many different ways. First, they help them regenerate faster and restore full cognitive ability. This is especially important for people who deal with many routine tasks on a daily basis. Second, they improve our mental wellbeing, helping reduce stress levels. Finally, they work wonders for the body, including the respiratory and cardiovascular system as well as all our senses.
Forest will be a place where modern business meets nature in the best way possible!
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This is a superbly realistic model of an early steam road roller. Open the boiler
valve and use the supplied funnel to pore in some water. Put the valve back on.
Place a couple of the solid fuel tablets (supplied) into the burner, light with a match
and insert under the boiler. Wait a while for the boiler to build up steam. Give the
steam whistle a little toot to see if the pressure is up. Then use the control lever
to burst the engine into life. Drive belt can be removed to allow the engine to idle or
power some apparatus. A wonderful live steam model.
This brass model can be upgraded so it is radio controlled. See our radio control it.
- Working steam whistle
- Throttle/control level
- Water gauge
- Steam pressure safety valve
- Suitable for age 14+
- Adjustable steering
- Solid fuel burner (fuel included)
- Made in Germany
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With the emergence of the IoT alongside widespread connectivity, machines, processes and organisation can work together in order to boost productivity. Welcome to the factory of the future.
Why you need it
Following the initial real-world roll-outs of our SenseForge system, we have managed to improve the efficiency of industrial processes, through the use of wireless sensors that continuously monitor all types of processes and equipment, including those from the pre-digital era. SenseForge is demonstrating how smart technologies can improve operations, even in traditional factories. This level of sensoration enables detection, collection, calculation of data and decision-making in real time. The question when dealing with the major changes taking place as a result of the digital transformation of industry, is not how many of us are going to start using this, but rather who will start using it first. Get ahead with SenseForge
What it does
SenseForge is composed of a network of miniaturised devices capable of “learning” from their physical environment and detecting when a machine or tool is behaving differently than expected. SenseForge can therefore detect the key signals to anticipate and correct any malfunctions in factories.
One of its major benefits is its quick installation. The devices are interconnected by radio, doing away with cumbersome wiring. Once it is installed, you will inmediately notice the benefits of the better planning of end-to-end monitoring and maintenance.
Internet of things and machine learning to improve productivity in your industry.
Our key assets
Your asset status can be viewed online
Use of condition-based maintenance techniques
The system learns form its own data
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| 0.932167
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| 2.1875
| 2
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§ 6.3 p.m.
§ Lord Harris of Greenwich rose to ask Her Majesty's Government what action they propose to take on the report by the Chief Inspector of Prisons on HM Prison Wandsworth.
§ The noble Lord said: My Lords, I raise tonight a recently published report by her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons. The report is critical of the regime at Wandsworth; in a number of respects it is highly critical. However, as Mr. Hurd said in his response to the report, it is also constructive. I am sure that all who contribute to the debate tonight will want to be equally constructive.
§ Before I turn to the contents of the report I should like to refer briefly to the inspectorate. The prison inspectorate was established after Sir John May's report on the prison service. In my judgment it has been a remarkable success. The first chief inspector was Mr. William Pearce, a man of high ability and integrity whose early death was a great loss to the prison service. More recently it has been led by Judge Stephen Tumim, who, by a combination of firmness and good humour, has done a great deal to enhance its reputation.
§ The inspectorate consists of prison service staff seconded for a period of years to assist the chief inspector. Its reports are a model of what any 1280 independent inspectorate should endeavour to achieve. They are detailed and specific, sometimes critical —as on this occasion —but also balanced. The report we are debating this evening is just such a document. It is because it is so fair that its conclusions are so disturbing.
§ Consider for a moment two of its central conclusions: first, that the general regime at Wandsworth did not meet basic standards of humanity and propriety; and, secondly, that life there was a deadening experience broken only by conversation about routines or a future life of crime.
§ Those are harsh criticisms, but I accept there are special features about Wandsworth that make the task of the managers there peculiarly difficult. Not only is the prison itself 138 years old —an ancient, decaying building like so many in the prison system —but it also fulfills the role of the prison to which inmates in the South of England are sent if their behaviour is particularly tiresome. One question which, I believe, arises from the report is whether that role of Wandsworth should be reviewed. I hope that at some stage in the future that will be done by the prisons board. In addition, it is also a Rule 43 centre for prisoners who have to be removed from association either because of their offences or because of their conduct in prison.
§ These are undoubtedly two of the principal reasons why over the years the regime at Wandsworth has been so rigid. Many of the inmates see themselves as tough; and so do many of the staff. Those attitudes have spilled over into relations between management and staff. The new governor, who took up his post last December, told the inspectorate that when he arrived he had a strong sense that the staff culture was happy for him to take to his office, carry out the administrative and symbollic governor tasks but leave the real running of the prison to them.
§ That is the first matter I want to raise. I agree with the inspectorate that Wandsworth will not be a happy establishment until authority is both exercised and accepted throughout the whole of line management. I hope very much that we have seen the last of episodes such as the one that occurred earlier this year in which, because of a walk-out by uniformed staff, the Metropolitan Police had to come in and run the prison. Fortunately, since then there appears to have been some improvement in relations between staff and management. I very much welcome that.
§ It cannot be said too often that management has the clear responsibility for doing its best to create good relations with staff and for consulting them when appropriate. But in the final analysis its authority has to be accepted. It is impossible for a prison to be run satisfactorily if constant attempts are made to undermine the governor and his senior colleagues. That applies to Wandsworth and to other establishments in the prison service where unfortunately we have witnessed similar conduct.
§ I turn now to some of the other important matters which are raised in the inspectorate's report. First, I shall deal with some of the physical problems which are associated with the prison. One of the most 1281 urgent is internal sanitation. It is extraordinary that we are still discussing that issue. Everyone accepts that the process of slopping out is a shameful affront to human decency. At Wandsworth, as in some other prisons, the cells were originally equipped with integral sanitation, but that was torn out many years ago on the instructions of someone who has never been identified.
§ The inspectorate says that a reasonable level of integral sanitation could be provided within the prison within seven years. Unhappily, at present the Home Office plans to provide only 300 cells out of about 1,200 at Wandsworth with lavatories and washbasins during that period. Is it impossible to accept the inspectorate's proposal? I recognise that to do so would carry with it significant implications. The number of inmates at Wandsworth would have to be reduced substantially, but given the size of the present prison building programme, which I welcome, is it out of the question?
§ Is it right —this is the situation disclosed in the report—that 40 inmates must still share two lavatories, two urinals and two slop sinks? I should have thought not. Is it right that they must wash their eating utensils in the same bucket or bowl as that used for personal hygiene? Is it right for the one towel in each man's possession also to be used to dry those utensils? Again, I should think that both those practices are unacceptable. Are they to be ended? We look forward to hearing from the noble Earl on that question.
§ There is then the question of the central bathhouse or, as the inspectorate describes it, the ghastly central bathhouse. It seems that not all inmates even receive a weekly shower, mainly due to what is described as a shortage of kit. Again, I shall be grateful if the noble Earl will assist us on this point. Can he indicate whether, as a result of the Government's review of the report, a weekly shower can now be guaranteed? I should have thought that, in the deplorably overcrowded conditions at Wandsworth, it was not a great deal to ask.
§ I come next to the question of catering arrangements. Here there has been, as I am sure the noble Earl will tell us, a major refurbishment of the kitchen in recent years, costing about £1 million. At the recent inspection, the staff strength in the kitchen was only a governor grade five and four officers—just half the number of staff who are employed in dealing with the question of censorship. That is a matter to which I shall return. That small group of officers must control a work party of 44 inmates.
According to the inspectorate, the effect of that situation was that the general standard of cleanliness within the kitchen complex suffered, as did the overall supervision of the inmates. The inspectorate said that that was demonstrated by,
the deplorable state of the wash-up area".
§ That had become so bad that the health and safety officer had recently recommended that it be closed because it did not meet the minimum standards required under the Food Hygiene (General) Regulations 1970. The waste food collection area 1282 was also in a poor condition and there was a problem of pest infestation. There was evidence of the presence of both mice and cockroaches.
§ This issue goes well beyond Wandsworth. We have had a stream of complaints on the issue from the prisons inspectorate. They have covered many prisons including Maidstone, Pucklechurch, Hollesley Bay, Dartmoor and Blundeston. It is now essential that just as Crown immunity was removed from hospitals after the food poisoning outbreak at Stanley Royd Hospital in Wakefield it should also be removed from prisons. The practice whereby prisons cannot be prosecuted, however verminous their kitchens may be, is in my judgment no longer tolerable.
§ I now turn to two other issues before coming to the final matter that I want to raise. First, on the question of censorship, when there are so many references in the report to staff shortages at Wandsworth I find it bizarre that 10 uniformed staff are employed full time in censoring correspondence. As I have said, that is twice as many as work in the grossly understaffed kitchens in the prison. The inspectorate says, with remarkable restraint, that it is questionable whether full censorship is required of all outgoing mail. The full cost of that practice at Wandsworth is no less than £150,000 a year. We must ask ourselves —it is a term which trips off the lips of Ministers —whether we are getting value for money with regard to that extraordinary level of expenditure.
§ I am well aware that in the past prison management has sometimes been hesitant about cutting back on entirely unnecessary censorship practice because of staff attitudes. I well remember an occasion at the Home Office when was present at a meeting with the then Home Secretary in which it was made clear to us that, if we extended the number of establishments where censorship was to be abandoned, immediate industrial action would be taken against us. I hope that, despite those problems, the Minister will be able to indicate whether there can be a sharp cut-back in the resources made available for censorship at the prison.
§ Secondly, there is the question of the library for inmates, who are, as we all know, sometimes locked up for very long periods of the day. One of the few ways of making their life more tolerable is to be able to obtain a library book. It is alarming —that is the term used by the inspectorate —that inmates have sometimes not been able to change their books for several weeks. The inspectorate's modest proposal is that that should be possible at least once a week. I ask the noble Earl: can that now be guaranteed?
§ I now come to the final issue that I want to raise. In some respects it is one of the most fundamental. It is the question of race relations. About a third of the inmates of Wandsworth are black. Yet, according to the inspectorate's report, of the 30 orderly jobs in the main prison —jobs which are some of the most popular with inmates —not one is held by a man with a black face, despite the fact that about 33 per cent. of the inmates of that prison are black. We must ask why that should be so. It is also clear from the report that people of ethnic minority background 1283 are overrepresented among the unemployed in the prison.
§ There is little doubt that one of the reasons for this is racial prejudice among a minority —I believe that it is a minority —of prison officers. Just as it was an initial assessment report at Wandsworth Prison some years ago that led ultimately to a judicial finding that an inmate at Parkhurst, Mr. John Alexander, had been unlawfully discriminated against, I believe that, despite all the efforts which have been made to eliminate those practices, some of them linger on.
Perhaps I may make quite clear what I am saying. I do not believe that the record of the prison service is worse than that of the probation service, the private sector, social work agencies, journalism or the profession of politics; indeed, in some respects it is a great deal better. But why is there still not one black orderly at Wandsworth? Why —I now refer specifically to paragraph 3.59 of the inspectorate's report —has management in the past allowed,
many staff [to wear] unofficial insignia"?
§ The inspectorate makes clear that those insignia have clear racial connotations. The inspectorate adds that slashed peaks to uniform hats are no less intimidating.
§ I have not the slightest doubt that the noble Earl will take the same view of such practices as do the rest of us. They are unacceptable. If a policeman or a soldier wore a similar badge or defaced his cap, he would soon find himself on a disciplinary charge. Precisely the same principle should now be extended to the prison service and it should be done at once. I hope that it will be done not only at Wandsworth but at any other prison department establishment where similar practices exist.
§ In conclusion, I believe that there are many men and women in the prison service at Wandsworth and elsewhere who work with devotion to make tolerable the conditions for inmates. Some significant improvements have been made despite the huge number that this country holds in custody. I hope that the noble Earl will be able to reassure the House that prompt action is now being taken to rectify the serious shortcomings that have been disclosed in this report.
§ 6.22 p.m.
§ Lord Donaldson of Kingsbridge
My Lords, I shall pursue the argument of my noble friend in general but hope to offer some details other than those that he has so far given to the House. This report should be compulsory reading for every magistrate and judge in the country. Those who have the power and the duty to send people to prison should be aware of what they are doing. This objective and courageous report should act as an extra argument in addition to the many others for not sending anyone to prison if it can possibly be avoided.
I do not want to make attacks on the Minister or the Home Office but it is impossible not to lay some blame on the Government for the deplorable conditions revealed in this report. The Government have had 10 years of an alleged economic miracle in which to put things right. Deplorable building 1284 conditions can be put right only by money, so one would have thought that an economic miracle would have been just the job.
Not all prisons are as terrible as this report depicts Wandsworth to be. However quite a few of them are as bad. Several local prisons are far more overcrowded than Wandsworth, which has 25 per cent. overcrowding. Bascially overcrowding is the root of all evil in the prison system. In Wandsworth the crude building conditions are intolerable but even that could be lived with if the 25 per cent. excess over the CNA (certified normal accommodation) were removed and the shortage of staff, which is referred to all through this report, were made good. There would then be some chance of easing the bad conditions which, we are told, will not be put right until the next century and then only up to 87 per cent.
I am fully aware that Wandsworth takes largely men who have been difficult to handle, as my noble friend pointed out. Both officers and men seem to take a pride in being in a "tough nick", as they call it, and to some extent they play up to it. Overcrowding and staff shortages in such conditions cannot fail to lead to bad staff relations and trouble.
When this House discussed the prison department's on the whole excellent Fresh Start scheme for reorganising staff duties, almost every speaker said that it would succeed only if the recommended staff were in fact made available. It is now one and a half years since the change; yet in a prison which has the most unsatisfactory conditions and which holds particularly difficult inmates the recommended staff are still not available.
We were told in paragraph 2.28 that both management and staff were feeling badly let down by the department's failure to produce the 10 officers owing to the prison in April under Fresh Start; nor has the flexible working envisaged in the Fresh Start scheme been applied. Paragraph 2.31 speaks of a shortfall of 17 staff at officer level. Paragraph 2.33 refers to staff vacancies running at around 20 per cent. If there is a 20 per cent. staff shortage and 25 per cent. overcrowding, what can be expected? It seems to me that management and staff must be congratulated on keeping the lid on at all in such circumstances.
Let me turn briefly to the building side of the problem. The Government seem content to neglect current repairs to prison buildings as readily as they have neglected current repairs to museums and galleries, which have been a great deal in the news lately. Keeping up with current repairs is simply a question of men and money, not of prison psychology or anything else. Clearly both are inadequate.
Paragraph 2.08 of the report states that neither the current levels of work-staff nor the resources allocated are enough to maintain the prison in its present state, let alone deal with a heavy backlog of repairs. As my noble friend mentioned, the prison department has installed integral sanitation in eight cells as a pilot scheme. I gave notice to the noble Earl of my intention to ask the following questions, but an answer by letter will do as well as an immediate reply this evening. I want to know how 1285 much it cost, how many workmen were involved and how long it took. I want to know whether any prison labour was used, whether any work was contracted out, whether extra staff were taken on or whether the backlog of repairs was simply allowed to increase while this pilot job was done.
I understand that the Government have rejected the chief inspector's clear recommendation to make that 150-year overdue improvement within seven years. If that is not true I shall be very glad to hear it. This recommendation must be adopted, cost what it may. I hope that the noble Earl will explain why it cannot be done in three or four years rather than in seven. The building trade is slackening at the moment and the Government can exercise their favourite discipline imposed on local authorities to contract out for the whole job. I believe that it is simply a question of money and that the highest priority should be given to putting right what is so inhumanly wrong.
So much for the longer-term problems. A number of shorter-term problems have been referred to by my noble friend, and some of them can be put right very quickly. I shall not go through the list which I sent to the noble Earl but feel that I must refer to the question of two towels. That was a recommendation that was sent to the Director General. I hope to make it quite clear in this House that I believe that the Director General ought to agree to that recommendation, and jolly quickly. Secondly, there is the question of the two bowls to which my noble friend referred. That is elementary and obviously right. Thirdly, I shall speak about only one further matter which again was referred to by my noble friend; namely the question of baths, showers and lavatories. Slopping out is a great horror. We all hate it. But after a prisoner has slopped out, if he is then stuck with overcrowded baths and ill kept lavatories, the position becomes almost shameful.
I want to say a few words about the palliatives for strict confinement, the most important of which in my view are work, books and visits. Wandsworth seems to me to get no more than one or two marks out of 10 for any of them. With regard to work, we are told that the workshops in operation can cope with 400 or so persons, but once again owing to shortage of staff the average attendance over the past six months has been 215. That is out of a population of 1,500. At best two-thirds of the inmates are left with nothing to do. In particular, those in the G, H and K cells are on Rule 43; they are kept in the cell most of the time.
On the subject of books, why should access to the library be, in the words of the report, "only patchy"? Why should some men be unable to change their books for several weeks? In many prisons libraries give a very good service but not, it seems, at Wandsworth Prison.
Most important of all is the subject of visits. The recommendations to the governor, numbers 77 to 84, are all about visits and are a serious attempt to remedy the very unsatisfactory arrangements described in paragraphs 3.66 to 3.70 in the report.
Last week we had a most interesting talk at the NACRO AGM from Mr. Brendan Reynolds, who is 1286 number two in the Canadian prison service. I asked him about their visiting arrangements and told him that ours depended to a high degree on private charity. He replied that in Canada they regarded money spent on improving visiting conditions as a wise investment, as visits above all other factors tend to reduce tension, and tension is the most dangerous and ultimately expensive condition possible in prisons. I hope that the noble Earl will consider that point. It seems to me that throughout the prison service although some visiting conditions are good, many are very bad. To improve the visiting conditions is a very constructive way of making the situation better.
I wish to described what at the worst may happen to any man who finds himself incarcerated in Wandsworth Prison. He will be locked up for 23 hours a day in a cell designed 150 years ago for one person, sharing it with two others and their chamber pots. He may receive a change of clothing and have a bath sometimes as seldom as once in three weeks. Books are changeable sometimes as seldom as every three weeks. He has nothing to do. I do not pretend that this account describes every prisoner's lot all the time but it may apply to anyone for long periods and it applies to many quite frequently. If it were me, I should hate everyone concerned in any way with my imprisonment: the Home Office, the governor, the prison officers, the probation officers and the police. If I did not go mad I should commit murder or suicide.
All of us who have spoken today, and those who will speak, know very well that the problems confronting the noble Earl and his colleagues are real, formidable and not able to be solved without difficulty and expense. We know also that the noble Earl and his colleagues are just as distressed as we are at the seriousness of the problems, especially that of sanitation. My difficulty is that I have been speaking on this issue for 30 years and nothing has happened. Matters have become observably worse. As a so-called civilised nation, we cannot go on like this any more.
I do not expect the noble Earl to tell me that plans exist to put everything right in no time. However I beg him to persuade his colleagues in the Government to give real priority, with not inconsiderable sums of money, to the righting of this wholly unacceptable state of affairs. We must have a major effort to deal with the minor problems, and a major switch of resources to deal with the large problems of sanitation, building repairs and shortage of staff. Not many problems respond to money being thrown at them, but building problems will respond to nothing else. If tonight we can between us say anything that will hurry up such a priority, the time of the House will not have been wasted.
§ 6.35 p.m.
§ The Lord Bishop of Chelmsford
My Lords, a number of debates have been held in your Lordships' House in recent years about the prison service and custodial sentencing. Each time we are faced with fundamental questions as to what prisons are for, how we value people who are imprisoned and what our grossly overcrowded prisons say about the state of British society and its legal system. This debate 1287 is about a particular prison. I therefore wish to observe, only very briefly, that Christian principles require us to hold together a belief in justice and values with a belief in mercy, because God is merciful and we all need his mercy. Morever, Christans, along with many others, believe in the funadmental value of each human being, in the possibility of change and reform and in the need to create conditions which make reformation possible.
The prison service of England and Wales has an aim in line with such principles. It issued a new statement of purpose at the beginning of this year which includes these words:Her Majesty's Prison Service serves the public by keeping in custody those committed by the Courts. Our duty is to look after them with humanity and to help them to lead useful lives in custody and after release".It is against that background that I wish to speak very briefly about the report.
I am deeply sorry that the right reverend Prelate the Bishop of Southwark is unwell and is prevented from being here today. Wandsworth Prison is in his diocese. He has been there a number of times and he maintains regular contact with the prison chaplains to whom the report refers. However, in much that I say I shall echo his reactions to the report and his concern.
Appendix 1 of the report reproduces an "Agreed Action Document" for Wandsworth Prison 1988–89. It gives content to the statement of purpose to which I have referred. However, it is instructive to compare the two columns, which show where the specific aims contained in CI 55/1984 have been modified to suit the conditions obtaining at Wandsworth Prison. I note that under Function No. 17 the phrase,individual and collective leisure activitieshas disappeared, unless there is some reference to it in the unpublished annexes. Under Function No. 18, the phrase,to enable prisoners to spend the maximum possible time out of their cells",has been considerably weakened to read,to provide, where possible, opportunities for prisoners to spend time out of their cells".Reading the report it is quite clear that a great many prisoners spend almost the whole time banged up, as it is called, deprived of even the minimum fortnightly visits to a library and with little prospect of useful work or activity of any kind. There is a continuing failure to provide a regime at Wandsworth Prison which can be described as humane or reformatory in any meaningful way. Thus the report expresses the conclusion that for prisoners, life at Wandsworth was a deadening experience broken only by conversation about routines or about a future life of crime.
Paragraph 3.39 of the report is headed "Inmates' Perceptions". It is a list of those things which are experienced as being most difficult to bear and so induce the most negative feelings about the whole regime. Outsiders, including the press, tend to fasten more readily on the lack of adequate sanitation and hygiene and on the resulting need for slopping out —in the case of some inmates less frequently 1288 than need be. Noble Lords have already spoken at some length about this very distressing and dehumanising necessity —if it is a necessity —in the life of our prisons today and I share their distaste.
But it is the perception of many who work in the prison that what is most difficult to bear is the isolation, not only the physical isolation from other people inside the prison which results from the lack of work and leisure activity but isolation from family and friends because of the extraordinarily strict limitations on visiting and on mail. Chaplains spend hours and hours dealing with written applications for news of family or special visits, and these are almost always generated by anxiety and too much time to brood in loneliness.
Paragraphs 3.66 to 3.70 give a dismal picture of the inadequacies to be found in this area of prison life, inadequacies of which most people are quite unaware. Is there no way in which adequate levels of staffing can be obtained in order to break down some of this unnecessary isolation? Is there no way in which the prison authorities can be encouraged to approach local voluntary bodies, churches and so on to try to provide better facilities for visitors? And why on earth should new prisoners be deprived of visits for so long?
Whenever criticism is made of prison life there are always two immediate explanations—overcrowding and staff shortages. The report makes clear that Wandsworth already works under such dreadful constraints, and I doubt whether any of your Lordships would find it easy to work in such an institution; I know I would not. But the conclusions in Chapter Four spell out some things which can begin to change now and paragraph 4.08 states this unequivocally.
We must all be grateful to the judge and his staff for this honest report, to the Home Office for publishing it and to the many people inside Wandsworth Prison itself who gave frank replies to searching questions and who clearly want to see matters improve. It is a matter of great urgency. I believe that it is a matter which should concern us all, and we very much look forward to hearing the noble Earl as he speaks on these serious matters.
§ 6.44 p.m.
§ Lord Gisborough
My Lords, reading the report on Wandsworth is rather sobering. Wandsworth is, of course, the peak of the pyramid of prisons, most of which are overcrowded. I believe that the Government are building a lot of prisons at the moment, and I have no doubt that we shall hear about that from the Minister.
It is often said that there are too many people sent to gaol by magistrates. I sit as a magistrate, like many other noble Lords, and certainly I can say that there is enormous effort made at all times not to send people to gaol. However, the fact is that, inevitably, it is necessary from time to time. But what one discovers is that there is a never-ending variety of crime, a never-ending variety of criminals and their backgrounds and only a very limited means of disposal.
Some people obviously have to go to prison because they are a positive danger to the public or 1289 their crimes are on such a scale that there is no alternative. But there are many other people who are eventually sent to prison, such as, for example, the persistent petty offender who repeatedly drives without insurance, who is continually fined, who then refuses to pay his fine, gets community service and in the end, because there is no alternative has to go to gaol. But such a person is not dangerous and gaol is not the right place to send him. He is often 21 years old, is unemployed, has a girl friend and two children and has no money with which to pay any fine.
We see people of this sort over and over again. Every magistrate must know them. Such people go to prison, they do little, they learn little, they learn to be even more idle than they were before, they learn expertise in crime and they learn degradation. We have heard all about this at Wandsworth. It does not do them any good, but what else can one do?
I believe that there should be more alternatives to sending people to prison. We already have community service, probation and so on. These can be used to a great extent and they are very good, but the more alternatives we can find the better. There should be more options than the extremes of fines and imprisonment. What is needed are methods of punishing people so that not only do they get punishment, but, if possible, they learn how to work, to get up in the morning and to get going, so that when they finish their time they are of some use to themselves and have the motivation to get a job and to get going in life.
What is needed are simple jobs which offenders have to do as a punishment. I am talking about repetitive stuff which can get them going. It is very difficult to find jobs of this sort, though community service goes some way towards it. But the point of my speech is to suggest just one such job. It relates to forestry. I want to talk about forestry for a moment. The Forestry Commission have cast acreages of forest throughout the country, most of which is unbrashed. It is like a jungle and there are branches not cut off. Because of that, the forest will remain a jungle and be of low value for the country in the future.
I believe that this could provide work as a substitute for prison. Certain unmotivated youngsters could be sent out to brash specific areas, which they would have to finish before they were allowed out into the community again. They would need little supervision and they would learn how to get up in the morning, because as soon as they had done their stint they could leave. There would be competition to get on and get the job done quickly. Having worked hard for so many acres, which might take weeks or months, they could then go, so they would learn to work quickly and to get on with the job.
There would obviously be a problem with unions, but this work, if it is not done by the equivalent of community service labour, will not be done at all. Having been done, however, the woods would then be available for thinning, which would employ more 1290 labour. So it would increase the paid labour needed by the Forestry Commission in the future.
I hope that the Home Office will give serious study to this scheme. I believe that it could be worked out and, if it would enable some people to be kept out of prison, that would leave more room for those who have to go to prison, and it would make a contribution towards solving the overcrowding in the prisons of this country.
§ 6.50 p.m.
§ Baroness Ewart-Biggs
My Lords, from everything that has been said so far, there is really no doubt at all that all of us who are concerned and involved with standards within our prisons are extremely grateful to the noble Lord, Lord Harris., for bringing this report by the Chief Inspector of Prisons to our notice. I should like to add my words of tribute to Judge Stephen Tumim for producing such a very excellent, frank report.
It is clear from what all speakers have said that it is a particularly damning report. Speaking for myself, I must confess that when reading parts of it, particularly its conclusions, I could hardly believe that it was a British institution which was being described. I could not believe that it was a British prison being described when the report stated —and the noble Lord, Lord Harris, has already referred to this —in the first lines of the recommendations that,The regime for inmates does not meet basic standards of humanity and propriety".To read such a description of a prison in this country has a very profound effect on all those of us who are very concerned about the standard of our prisons.
As the right reverend Prelate said, there is a cruel paradox between those words and the inscription on all our prison walls which described the aims of our prison service and which conflicts so very harshly with the words of the Chief Inspector.
I should like to speak as the chairman of the New Bridge. I should like to add that this critical report confirms many of the comments which I have heard from the New Bridge volunteers who visit those who they befriend in Wandsworth Prison. Indeed, some would maintain that however bad this report may be, much of it is not saying anything new. They would say that it effectively repeats complaints raised on countless occasions. Those volunteers —and I stress that they are very experienced in this field —describe the prison as a place apart with a regime, system and atmosphere of its own. They find it a very much harder place in which to carry out their befriending role.
Perhaps I may give an example. During the postal strike one of our volunteers who lived close to Wandsworth wished to deliver a letter by hand in order that his client should receive it. He took it to the gates of the gaol and was turned away with the words, "We only accept letters from the Royal Mail". That would seem to substantiate the report's description when it refers to adopting an attitude of giving nothing to prisoners.
The noble Lord, Lord Harris, and other speakers have made some very important points. I do not wish to repeat them all but I should like to stress 1291 some issues which have been raised and to give my support to many of the points mentioned.
First —and I think it is impossible to refer to this report without referring to the part on sanitation —I cannot understand why the prison department proposes to install integral sanitation in only 408 cells. As the noble Lord, Lord Donaldson, asked: how on earth could it possibly take seven years? Indeed, I understand that it may take even longer. At that rate, it will be a photo finish between the building of the Channel Tunnel and the integral sanitation at Wandsworth Prison. It is inconceivable to think of anything which is so deeply needed taking such a very long time.
Again, how can it possibly be that the inmates, who already have so few showers, can only have clean clothes when they have had those very spasmodic showers so that they neither have showers nor clean clothes? As the noble Lord, Lord Harris, said, the health risks brought on by the extraordinary practice described in the report of prisoners washing up their eating utensils in containers used for personal hygiene is quite appalling.
Perhaps I could just say a few words about visits. I was very interested to hear the noble Lord, Lord Donaldson, quote the example from Canada. I believe it is important that a lot of attention is given to visits as that is a very important part of the rehabilitation of the prisoner. From the point of view of the prisoner, I should also like to know how the practice arises whereby sometimes prisoners are denied visits twice per month until they have been there for three and a half months. That seems a particularly harsh practice and I wonder how that arose in Wandsworth Prison.
From the viewpoint of the visitors, what strikes me in the report is the lack of a visitors' centre. I have always wondered why it is the wives and children of our prisoners who are punished. Why do we make them wait such long periods in such terribly bad conditions to see their husbands, fathers or sons? That point is borne out by a letter to The Times from the director of the New Bridge in which he described his own visit to Wandsworth. He talked about the degrading conditions experienced by visitors to HM Prison Wandsworth. He wrote:Hardly a week goes by without a complaint from a New Bridge voluntary associate…about the circumstances to which all visitors are subjected. It seems incredible that for a 30-minute visit you have to spend up to two hours trying to get in and out of the place".He then described the very successful plans being made in other London prisons for visitor centres which are being started up by volunteers. I believe that a visitor centre at Wandsworth seems absolutely imperative.
I should like to say a few words about staff training. There seems to be a rather strange feature that Wandsworth of all places should fill the national role for fielding inquiries about careers in the prison service. It runs initial assessment tests for applicants and also provides a 10-day orientation course before the start of training. Perhaps the Minister could explain why that very unrepresentative prison should have been chosen to fill that all-important function of providing an example to new entrants.
1292 That cannot be the right introduction for people entering into the prison service.
The section dealing with the medical staff says that of the 32 hospital officers, at least five are working exclusively on administration and do not deal with patients. That seems a terrible way of using medical expertise, if there are as many as five people working exclusively on administration.
The section which describes suicide prevention says that there is a serious defect in reporting self-injury on the Form 220. It says that the statistics were graded in five degrees of seriousness ranging from gesture to serious attempt. There was no record of what was actually done; for example, wrists slashed or attempted hanging. It says that those shortcomings should be rectified at once. I very much hope that the Minister will tell us that there is an intention to do that.
I was also surprised to see in the report that there was a 37-bed ward facility standing empty and yet the report talked about the presence of many inmates with psychiatric problems who were not receiving treatement.
Of course, there are many other important questions in this report and many have been covered today. I shall not cover any more specific points except I should like to give my very strong support to what the noble Lord, Lord Harris, said about alleged racism among the staff.
I should also be very grateful to hear from the Minister what action has been taken on those members who, it is said, slashed the peaks of their caps and whether or not it is true that insignias have been worn on uniforms. I should have thought that it went right against the prison rules for members of the staff so to change their uniforms.
Will the Minister also comment on the very worrying point in the report which the noble Lord, Lord Harris, has brought up, that black inmates, who total nearly one-third of the population, appear to be discriminated against and are treated worse than the white prisoners? This is a very serious question to which I feel we need an answer.
I conclude by saying a word about the staff of Wandsworth Prison. It is quite clear from the report that they operate a hard regime; but when one considers the ingredients, so to speak, making up this prison, it seems very much less surprising that they are constricted to such a hard regime. First, there is the building itself which was built in the 1850s and is of a "tired nature", as it is described. Secondly, Wandsworth was never intended to hold such a huge number of prisoners —450 Rule 3 inmates who are locked up 22 or 23 hours a day without treatment therapy, a structural programme of training or anything.
Thirdly, Wandsworth is a receiving establishment for difficult prisoners from other prisons. This brings to the staff all the problems which go with that. The chief inspector's report stated that two-thirds of the inmates were unemployed. The truth is that out of those 1,500 there are rarely more than 250 prisoners on a daily basis able to work. The report says:Both management and Staff Association felt badly let down by the Department's failure to produce the ten officers owing to the prison on 1 April under the Framework Agreement".1293 I too believe, as previous speakers have said, that such a shortfall must be very difficult for the prison to carry. Those points have been brought out many times by the staff at Wandsworth.
All in all, when Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons described the impoverished regime, how nothing is given, the prisoners' attitude and how staff operated a thoroughly institutionalised routine by imposing many simple basic rules, he was quite right to add that by the same token the operation of such an inadequate regime blunts staff development and gives only limited job satisfaction.
As the right reverend Prelate said, this report underlines the lack of any kind of therapy, remedial or rehabilitation treatment. It strongly stresses the need for the public to take more interest in what happens in their prisons. The public take a great interest in what happens in schools and hospitals; if they focused their interest on what was happening inside their own prisons I cannot help but believe that the conditions which have come about in Wandsworth Prison would not be allowed.
I shall be very grateful for some answers from the Minister to my specific questions and I share a hope with all those who have spoken that Judge Tumim's very frank report, its recommendations and this debate will result in vast improvements to this prison and will remove what I can only see as a very grave blot on this country's reputation as a humane society.
§ 7.3 p.m.
The Minister of State, Home Office (Earl Ferrers)
My Lords, the House will be grateful to the noble Lord, Lord Harris of Greenwich, for raising this subject today because it is one which exercises your Lordships and your Lordships have been traditionally concerned with prisons —what they are like inside and what happens to those who reside in them. That concern has been expressed again today. It is always difficult to get the balance right between removing people from society as a punishment or to protect society and then ensuring that they are not subjected to a waste of life when they are in prison. The right reverend Prelate the Bishop of Chelmsford made quite clear his concern about that. He gave us the benefit of the difficulties to which prisoners are subjected and to which his own pastors are subjected when they try to help the prisoners.
I was also interested by the suggestion of my noble friend Lord Gisborough of using prisoners for work in forestry. It is an interesting suggestion. There are nowadays fewer prisoners who are suitable to work outside the establishment without supervision. This has come about mainly because of the increased use in recent years of non-custodial sentences. In areas where there are open prisons agricultural work and contributions to local community work are carrried out by inmates and these arrangements are operating very satisfactorily. My noble friend is quite right, however, that it gives people an opportunity to do something constructive.
The noble Baroness, Lady Ewart-Biggs, said that she wished more people would take greater notice of what happens inside prisons. One of the advantages of the publication of the inspector's report is precisely that; these reports are now published and 1294 are public knowledge. As has been quite evident today, those of your Lordships who have read the report are interested by what they have discovered.
The report by Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons, his honour Judge Tumim, on his inspection of Wandsworth Prison in April 1989 was published on 20th October with a statement setting out the action which was being taken in response. Copies were placed in the Library. The chief inspector provided in the report a constructive —in some places critical —assessment, pointing to serious shortcomings in the regime and in the ethos at Wandsworth. He identified several areas where he considered that improvement was necessary. These included the overall management of the establishment, some aspects of the buildings, the regime for inmates and the facilities for visitors and staff.
I am grateful to the noble Lord, Lord Harris, for his observation regarding the governor and his staff. He said that the governor must do all that he can to create good relations between himself and his staff but in the end the governor had to govern. The noble Lord, Lord Harris, was quite right in that, if I may say so. He was right also to underline that very simple but very important point.
The chief inspector recommended that Wandsworth's functions should be more clearly defined and that priorities for management action should be set. As all noble Lords will agree, Wandsworth has always been somewhere which has housed what one might call the heaviest of criminals: those who have raped and mugged, Rule 43 prisoners and those who have been sent there from other prisons because they were not suited to their easier regime.
In that respect Wandsworth has always been a tough place. But its virtue is that its very toughness has enabled other prisons to house less hardened people and therefore to be able to have more enlightened regimes. One should not lose sight of that fact. In other words, it has enabled the rest of the prison system to function better.
Wandsworth is the main prison in London for long sentence prisoners, a function which it carries out very well. Long-term prisoners start their sentences at Wandworth and are allocated from there to other prisons. If a prisoner fails to respond at the prison to which he is allocated, it is clearly best for him to be returned to Wandsworth where he was originally assessed. He can then start again. This inevitably means that Wandsworth has more than its share of difficult prisoners.
The right reverend Prelate the Bishop of Chelmsford was worried about a prison's ability to reform and to understand its prisoners. I believe he said that prisoners were banged up with nothing to do. He rightly reminded us of the chaplain's difficulties in trying to help prisoners. Nobody denies that it is a difficult position. Governors can and should incorporate the help of voluntary services. I believe that this is a matter about which the right reverend Prelate was concerned. With the best will in the world there are roles which voluntary and Christian agencies can undertake better, more 1295 sensitively and more personally than even the best of the prison regimes. The governor of Wandswroth is making as much use of voluntary agencies as he can. These kinds of agencies are being involved in setting up arrangements for improved visitors' facilities. The New Bridge organisation, of which the noble Baroness, Lady Ewart-Biggs, is the chairman, is also involved in that work.
The inspectors were not impressed with Wandsworth's agreed functions document. They considered that a vital early task should be to review the existing statement of functions, and in particular they considered that the function of the Rule 43 wings should be reviewed and the prison's role in coping with difficult prisoners who had failed in other prisons in the South-East region should be examined. This criticism was accepted.
The governor and his senior staff are completely revising the establishment's functions document and its priorities, with the assistance of headquarters specialists. They are drawing up what they call corporate objectives for all groups of staff. That is what one might call prisonspeak for the functions document. There are no plans in the near future to change the basic role of Wandsworth, which will continue to house Rule 43 prisoners in G, H and K wings and which will receive from other prisons in the region inmates who do not find it easy to accept the more open regimes which other prisons offer.
The noble Lord, Lord Donaldson, said that it is only money that will put the prison business right. He has frequently said that, and I understand his concern to improve the prisons and his view that a great deal of money has to be spent. During the present year, 1989–90, £123 million is being spent on work in existing prisons. In addition, £200 million is being spent on building new prisons. At Wandsworth £5 million of building work is in hand and over £500,000 is for work due to start early next year. The noble Lord, Lord Donaldson, may well say that that is not enough, but in his customary generosity he will accept that it is quite a lot of money and that a good deal is being done.
The noble Baroness, Lady Ewart-Biggs, the right reverend Prelate the Bishop of Chelmsford and the noble Lord, Lord Harris, referred to the visits of relatives and said how important they were. They are important because they enable a prisoner to keep in touch with his family. I do not know how it came about that prisoners were being denied visits twice a month until they had been at Wandsworth for three-and-a-half months. The present governor found that this was the practice when he was appointed and it was then stopped.
The noble Lord, Lord Harris of Greenwich, asked about the condition of the buildings. A major survey carried out at the end of 1984 showed that most of the buildings needed to be repaired and to be upgraded. A 10-year programme of work was prepared and that has started. The inspectors recommended that integral sanitation should be installed in all cells at Wandsworth within seven years, and that showers should then be installed in the recesses which have been previously used to 1296 house toilets. There is a programme to install integral sanitation in 300 cells at Wandsworth as part of the initiative which was announced by my right honourable friend the then Home Secretary in February this year.
We have considered whether the programme could be speeded up and expanded, but the overall building programme at Wandsworth in the next few years is very extensive, as the report points out. This work is essential if we are to maintain and improve the fabric and the services; if we are to upgrade security and if we are to provide new facilities, including a new reception facility which the chief inspector's report identified as being urgently required. Work is also in hand on the upgrading of the drainage system and is shortly to start on reroofing the wings.
This overall programme of work will extend the works department at Wandsworth to the full, and any additional work at this stage would jeopardise this vital programme. We have accepted the inspectors' recommendation that the works department should be provided with additional resources, and its complement has been increased by six. It is against this background that it would simply not be practicable to speed up the provision of integral sanitation at this time, notwithstanding the fact that it is desirable. I shall give way in a moment to the noble Lord, Lord Donaldson, but this point is important. We have first to get the main drainage system and the water supply system upgraded before we can implement the new integral sanitation. It simply will not function until the other work has been done.
§ Lord Donaldson of Kingsbridge
My Lords, the noble Earl has given me half the answer; namely, that certain things have to be done first. I hope that when they are done the noble Earl will try to get assurance that the work will not depend only on the existing staff but will be contracted out in order that the project may be completed much more quickly. Obviously, this work cannot be done before the more urgent work but it should be done immediately afterwards.
My Lords, I can quite understand the noble Lord's concern. He will realise that these undertakings have to move in progression. What we wish to achieve is to get the drainage work done first. Then it is our intention to have the sanitation work completed as soon as possible. I cannot give a guarantee to the noble Lord as to the method by which this will be done. It is planned to start the integral sanitation once the drainage system at Wandsworth —which at present is being totally disruptive —has been completed. One of the problems is the necessity to decamp prisoners into alternative accommodation while the integral sanitation is being installed. It is preferable that this should be done by closing a whole wing, but that merely compounds the difficulty of prisoner accommodation.
The noble Lord, Lord Donaldson, asked about the pilot integral sanitation scheme which has already been installed at Wandsworth. He was kind enough to say that I could answer by letter, but I shall be 1297 quite happy now to give the noble Lord the answer which he requires. I am sure he will then be generous enough to say that I have given him the full answer and not only half of it.
Eight cells have had lavatories and washbasins with cold running water installed. The work took six weeks to complete and cost £925 per cell, £475 of which was accounted for by materials. It was undertaken by three prison work staff and six inmates. No contractors were involved in the work. In addition, the opportunity is now being taken, while refurbishing is being done in K wing, to install integral sanitation into 10 cells in K wing.
It is only right to point out that the prototype was installed into cells which are close to existing sanitary recesses where all the services are provided and which therefore makes for relatively simple and easy installation. Installation of integral sanitation throughout all the wings will involve more drainage, cold water tanks, boilers and pipes, and will be a much more complicated task.
We recognise that much needs to be done in order to improve the poor visiting facilities which exist at Wandsworth. The recommendations which were made by the chief inspector to the governor of Wandsworth have been accepted in full. The need for a visitors' centre and for facilities for nursing mothers was identified before the inspection report, and a committee was set up at Wandsworth in order to look at proposals for a visitors' centre.
The Butler Trust and the prisoners' wives representatives at Brixton Prison have been approached for suggestions as to how the facilities can be improved. It is hoped that a building close to the prison will be converted. This new visitors' centre will include a play area and an area for nursing mothers. The noble Baroness, Lady Ewart-Biggs, asked when the visitors' centre will be open. I cannot give a date for that at present. The proposals are still at an early stage but they will be implemented as soon as it is possible to do so.
The noble Lord, Lord Harris, referred to catering. The chief inspector made five recommendations. Catering staff at Wandsworth have increased by six in recent months. The staff now consists of one principal officer, two senior officers and seven officers. A board has recently been held to fill the vacant governor 5 catering post, and the one officer vacancy in the kitchen will also be filled soon.
Work on the major refurbishment of the kitchen wash-up area is due for completion at the end of this month and a full range of food samples is now being retained in case it may be necessary to subject the food to testing at a later date. Funds have been made available for the provision of sterilising sinks in the wings for the washing of trays and arrangements will be put in hand shortly for the installation of these. The relocation of the places from which food is served away from recesses which contain the toilets is a major works programme. This is still being considered. As an interim measure, toilet recesses are not used at times when meals are being served.
The issue of Crown immunity is frequently referred to. At present, the catering facilities of 1298 prison service establishments are exempt from the requirements of the Food Hygiene (General) Regulations 1970. These include the requirement which allows environmental health officers of the local authority the right of access to premises to carry out inspections. We are, though, acutely conscious of the need for food hygiene practice in prison establishments to be of a high standard. Despite the fact that prisons have, by tradition, received Crown immunity, it is the Government's policy that prisons should meet the same standards of hygiene as if they did not have that immunity.
To assist in this, a programme of inspections is undertaken by professionally qualified officers in the Home Office, all of whom hold the Diploma in Food Hygiene from the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene. Under this programme, the catering facilities of each establishment are the subject of a formal inspection at least once a year. This programme is supplemented by a series of 12 independent validation inspections each year by an environmental health officer from the Department of Health. Establishments receive no prior warning of either the internal or the validation inspections.
Governors and medical officers have a crucial role to play in the day-to-day monitoring of standards and in identifying shortcomings. Medical officers in particular have a specific responsibility for supervising hygiene standards in their establishments, and they are required to carry out full inspections twice a year. In order to help medical officers and line managers, comprehensive guidance on hygiene was issued in July of this year. Health and safety policy statements were also circulated to the service in August. These set out improved arrangements for monitoring standards and they impose a requirement that governors should include a section on hygiene standards in their annual reports on their establishments. I hope that this will help to improve the standards of hygiene.
There are no plans at present to consider the removal of Crown immunity from the kitchens of prison establishments, as we think that the present arrangements serve to set and to maintain the standards which are required by the regulations. We shall continue to seek ways of making improvements, and we will keep under review the whole question of Crown immunity.
I have some sympathy with what the noble Lord, Lord Harris, said about the intrusiveness of censoring of inmates' correspondence and the effect which this has on relationships between inmates and staff. It is also, as he pointed out, a time-consuming and costly procedure. We recognise that there would be advantages in reducing censorship, not only at Wandsworth but also at all Category B establishments. Noble Lords may know that, in recent years, we have substantially reduced censorship at lower security establishments. There is now no censorship at open prisons, which are Category D prisons, and merely random monitoring of some 5 per cent. of the mail at Category C establishments. Where remand and other Category B prisoners are concerned, the implications for security and control are clearly more serious and will need to be examined in some detail before a decision 1299 on a possible reduction of censorship is taken. I can assure the House that this is now being closely considered.
The noble Lord drew attention to the chief inspector's recommendation concerning race relations at Wandsworth prison. The governors have accepted and have acted on all these recommendations.
The noble Baroness, Lady Ewart-Biggs, asked whether disciplinary action had been taken against staff at Wandsworth who were wearing unofficial insignia or who had slashed the peaks of their caps. I understand that no disciplinary action has been taken. The instructions which the governor issued on the matter were complied with, and there was no need to consider any further action. Disciplinary action is probably not the best way of dealing with this kind of problem, which is more a matter of staff attitudes. We should try to seek changes in other ways.
The noble Lord, Lord Harris, and other noble Lords referred to the position of black people in Wandsworth. The noble Lord said that there were no black prison officers. There are at least two black orderlies—
§ Lord Harris of Greenwich
My Lords, I was asking why no black prisoners were used as orderlies. The inspector pointed out that there were 30 such jobs. In a prison where 33 per cent. of the inmates are black, there was not one black face in that group of orderlies. Is that question also being addressed?
My Lords, I can tell the noble Lord that there are at least two black orderlies, including the governor's orderly. The governor is now monitoring the employment of inmates and other activities in order to ensure that there is no discrimination. Allocation of work is now in the hands of a governor grade officer.
The noble Lord, Lord Harris, and the right reverend Prelate the Bishop of Chelmsford referred to the difficulty of changing library books and asked why this could not be done at least once a week. That is the aim but there are certain logistical problems. Arranging for some 1,500 inmates to visit the library, escorting them there and taking them back presents severe logistical problems. The library can hold only 20 or 30 inmates at a time. It is sometimes necessary to cancel a library visit in favour of other activities such as taking prisoners to court. I can assure the House that it is the governor's aim that visits to the library should take place once a week.
The inspectors acknowledged that Wandsworth had carried out a difficult range of functions for more than 20 years without an escape or a major disturbance. But they stated that this had been achieved by imposing a most basic and restrictive regime which gave inmates a low quality of life and which blunted staff development. The right reverend Prelate, among others, referred to this matter. The chief inspector recommended that urgent steps should be taken to improve the regime for inmates. We agree. But progress on the regime will need to be made in stages, and by looking at each group of prisoners separately. This process has begun.
1300 The first groups to receive attention were the vulnerable prisoners in G, H and K wings and the long-term population. Prison officers now lead courses in G, H and K wings in order to help prisoners cope with living in prison and to prepare them for their release. There are also plans for further courses for prisoners in mid-sentence. Cell hobbies, evening chess clubs and hobbies clubs have been introduced. By the end of this month, prisoners on these wings will have access to showers there. The governor, with the help of regional office at Woking, is now examining proposals in order to improve the regime in other parts of the prison.
However, the chief inspector also found some positive features in the existing regime. He commented on the large amount of devoted work which is being undertaken by the staff. This was also referred to by the noble Lord, Lord Harris of Greenwich, and by the right reverend Prelate the Bishop of Chelmsford. As I say, he noted the large amount of work carried out in a devoted fashion. He mentioned favourably the industries at the prison, which has spacious workshops providing some 450 places in tailoring, textiles, carpentry, brushmaking and contract services, as well as work being undertaken in the laundry.
The noble Baroness, Lady Ewart-Biggs, asked why 37 beds in the hospital were not being used. The chief inspector and his team criticised the prison hospital because they found that ward facilities were under-used and that hospital staff were employed on administrative rather than nursing duties. A thorough appraisal of the hospital accommodation, staff and facilities was recommended.
This recommendation has been accepted by the Director of Prison Medical Services, and a thorough appraisal of the hospital accommodation, staff and facilities has been carried out. There happened to be no particular call on some of the ward facilities. The opportunity has been taken to have a thorough review in order to use the space which is available more efficiently.
The medical director has also taken steps to strengthen medical management within the establishment, and it is expected that at least two hospital officers who are at present engaged on administrative duties will be released to nursing duties shortly.
These measures, taken together, will enable the hospital facility at Wansdworth to play a significantly greater part in the medical and nursing care of prisoner patients in the South-East region. I am most grateful to the chief inspector for the impetus he has given to furthering that desirable objective.
We welcomed the wide-ranging nature of the chief inspector's report. Work was put in hand on many other matters which the report brought to the attention of the director general, the regional director and the governor.
The noble Lord, Lord Donaldson, was kind enough to give me advance notice about the points about which he was concerned. He highlighted some of the recommendations, as indeed did the noble Lord, Lord Harris of Greenwich. I can assure your Lordships that the Government have been acting 1301 upon them. For example, a second bowl and a second towel will be issued to each inmate as soon as supplies are received. The recommended improvements in the arrangements for showers and for changes of clothing are being met.
The noble Lord, Lord Harris of Greenwich, asked whether we can guarantee one shower a week. I can tell the noble Lord that that is in fact the aim. However, the question of unforeseen staff demands, such as escort duty and so on, may on occasion make this difficult. I cannot give him a guarantee but I can tell him that it is our aim that this should be so.
A project is being started on the introduction of a personal kit system. Inmates can now buy stamps from their private cash and there are also proposals further to improve the canteen facilities by providing separate facilities for G, H and K wings and for the rest of the prison.
As your Lordships will be aware, the prison department has a thorough procedure for following up inspection reports. This report itself will be followed up by the Deputy Director General of the Prison Service, and he has arranged to visit Wandsworth in the near future in order to do so. Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons will be informed of the progress on his recommendations.
The chief inspector commended staff at Wandsworth for coping as well as they do, and he noted a determination in the senior staff to see through the alterations which had been started. The noble Lord, Lord Harris, also commended the work carried out by the staff at Wandsworth. I am grateful to him for his remarks because the staff receive some fairly robust treatment at times. It is good to know, despite the difficulties, that their work is appreciated. Moreover, I should certainly like to express my thanks to them for their work.
§ Baroness Ewart-Biggs
My Lords, perhaps I may just ask the Minister about the part of the report which refers to the department's failure to produce the 10 officers who under the framework agreement were owing to the prison on 1st April. He has spoken on several occasions about the shortages of staff and what would happen should the situation continue. Can he comment on that part of the report?
My Lords, I have tried to cover most matters in my response. If I may, I should prefer to leave that part of the report for the moment. However, if necessary, I shall investigate the matter and write to the noble Baroness accordingly.
We all recognise the fact that there is much to be done at Wandsworth. The chief inspector's report provides a generally realistic and encouraging prescription. We are all concerned to put this into practice as soon as possible. Perhaps I may say to the noble Lord, Lord Harris of Greenwich, that our discussions this evening have shown just how valuable this kind of a debate can be. He has been good enough to put the matter forward and I must say that it has given noble Lords the opportunity to express their concern. I hope that it has given me the opportunity of, if not allaying such concerns, at least telling your Lordships what is being done and how the Government see the matter.
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Plating anodes are, in fact, made of lead alloys of different compositions for greater conduction of electricity and corrosion resistance. Each type of lead anode has benefits that make it suitable for different applications.
Lead anode alloys generally consist of tin, silver, and antimony. The favored alloys, based on the specific application, are lead- antimony tin as well as lead-silver alloys. One reason for this is because of the alloys’ resistance to corrosion in the sulfuric acid that’s used for electrolytic solutions. (Lead-alloy anodes are used in electro winning – also known as electro extraction – as well as for plating metals such as manganese, copper, nickel, and zinc.) Lead anodes have superior attributes, such as being highly resistant to the corrosive effects of seawater.
The ongoing demands for continuous improvement in the plating industry has led to changes in the manufacture of lead anodes. In addition to various lead alloys, different formats of lead anodes are manufactured for different purposes. For example, in the effort to improve plating processes, plating operations have increasingly made the move from rectangular and/or flat anodes to solid round anodes.
Round anodes have an active electrical surface around the anode’s entire perimeter. This is advantageous because it means less voltage is required to carry the electrical current. As well, more amperage can be carried without disproportionate heating. Furthermore, round anodes do not have “dead spots” where there is no electric current; a problem that would otherwise result in the shortened life span of the anode. This is just one example of a preferred format that offers a longer lifespan with more assured electrical efficiency.
Lead anodes can be manufactured in formats to suit different purposes. This is one of the areas of expertise of Canada Metal North America (CMNA), which manufactures lead anodes in various formats and of different alloys to suit specific client requirements and applications. Canada Metal’s lead anode formats include:
- Cored stick (Up to 2.5”dia. Cu core.)
Lead anodes and the various types of alloys used for anodes are of central importance to a broad range of industries. Canada Metal is a longstanding producer of metals with a history dating back to its origins in 1893. The company serves industries in aerospace, defense, commercial marine, oil and gas, and more. To learn more about anode formats and materials, as well as to understand the benefits of each, Canada Metal welcomes inquiries.
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One of my goals as a teacher is to help my students grow as independent learners. Inherent in that goal are essential skills like accountability and communication and qualities like motivation and reflection. Often, these are lessons learned through experience and are hard to teach to students, no matter the age.
But yesterday, when I received an e-mail, Remind chat message, and private message on Google Classroom, I began to reflect on ways that technology can help improve communication and address these goals. All of these messages has specific questions from students regarding their homework so they could do their best work before the assignment was due. Through technology, students and teachers have more avenues for safe communication, allowing us to continue to build relationships and help students learn and grow before, during, and after our actual class time.
We use a lot technology in my class, but the more I think about it the more I realize one its main purposes and impacts. Sure, it can and often does transform our learning experiences. But just as importantly, it helps foster stronger communication and relationships. My students can reach out to me anytime and I have so many opportunities to help them make progress, especially during the learning process. Instead of waiting for work to be turned in and reacting to it, I can work with students to improve through formative assessment and proactively impact their achievement. Even better, I can help them discover tools and strategies to advocate for themselves and communicate effectively.
Check out George Couros’s post, "It’s not about the technology…or is it?"
For more of my writing about teaching students accountability to impact achievement, check out 3 Tips for Maintaining Teacher Sanity While Building Independent Learners and Improve Feedback & Student Work in Google Classroom with the Blank Doc.
Technology for Communication
Twitter. Remind. Google Classroom. E-Mail. There are countless communication tools out there--take your pick. I tell my students that we use Twitter to share with the world, our Google+ Community to share with the class, and Classroom to share with the teacher. Remind now allows for the two-way chat, which adds another tool for immediate communication. I use them all regularly and try to emphasize the different purposes I see for each. Maybe it’s too much but I think it works for me--do what works for you.
But those students who send the Remind message, Classroom note, or E-mail are the ones who reflected, grew, and got the help they needed. These are the students who consistently end up with the strongest work and take advantage of the opportunities to succeed. Instead of turning in weak work, or no work at all, they asked for help and got it--and the learning was evident.
Because we have tools that allow for safe, immediate, and meaningful communication, I have a better relationship with my students, a stronger class community, and my students learning and achievement is always improving.
Image from www.hippoquotes.com
How can we use technology to enhance our human interactions to avoid Einstein’s fear?
There’s nothing more frustrating than the student who interrupts the start of class to find out what we did when they were absent. Or the e-mail that reads, “Can I come for extra help?” Of course you can, but the series of back and forth e-mails to find out when and why are not the best use of anyone’s time and efforts.
I want to help my students succeed but also want to teach them to be responsible and to advocate for themselves in a meaningful way, with specificity and purpose. Technology helps here by providing students with resources to get the information or resources they need. For me, this includes a Google Appointment Calendar for extra help and an Assignment Calendar with all of my lesson resources. When students are absent or need help, they can check these resources at their convenience and then come to me with specific questions or concerns. That way, our time is used more productively, the students are actively working to make progress, and they are responsible for their own success.
And when I make a mistake or need help, I like for them to hold me accountable, too. Students can fill out a grade change form if I made a grading error and often give me electronic feedback about the class, too. I like to model the growth mindset and show how technology makes me a more effective communicator and teacher, too.
These ideas aren’t new or revolutionary but they’ve found some success in my classroom and with my students lately. I hope to see my students’ communication skills and responsibility continue to grow.
What are your favorite tools or strategies for communicating with and helping students succeed through technology? Share your ideas in the comment or on Twitter.
cross posted at www.aschoenbart.com
Adam Schoenbart is a high school English teacher, Google Education Trainer, and EdD candidate in Educational Leadership. He teaches grades 10-12 in a 1:1 Chromebook classroom at Ossining High School in Westchester County, NY and received the 2014 LHRIC Teacher Pioneer Award for innovative uses of technology that change teaching and learning. Read more at The SchoenBlog and connect on Twitter @MrSchoenbart.
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By Sofia Osborne
When Jasper Kanes was two years old, their parents took them whale watching for the first time. As is the case for many whale enthusiasts, that first encounter sparked a life-long devotion.
“There are photographs of me with my inflatable whale that I was in love with as a tiny, tiny toddler,” Kanes tells me. “Apparently I cried when my parents deflated it after giving it to me for Christmas so that we could drive home.”
Kanes went on to study whales during their undergraduate degree, starting with research projects for which they would observe whales from boats. “As I learned more about these animals, I realized just how important sound is to their world,” Kanes says. “They see with sound. They communicate with sound. It’s the most important sense to them. So I thought to myself, if I really want to understand them, I need to start looking at sound.”
British Columbia is especially well primed for this type of acoustics-based research, as the province’s coast is believed to house more underwater microphones—or hydrophones—for research purposes than anywhere else in the world. These hydrophones lie below the waves, recording the grunts of fish, the calls of whales and the rumbling of ships 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and producing mountains of data for scientists to comb through.
“It’s become very inexpensive to collect passive acoustic data,” Kanes, now a junior staff scientist for Ocean Networks Canada, explains. “Hard drives are getting really, really cheap. It’s getting easier to do autonomous deployments. And so everybody who’s collecting passive acoustic data has suddenly arrived at this point where we have gigabytes upon gigabytes—some of us have petabytes of data—that we just don’t have the time to look through … It’s very exciting because there’s lots to look at, but it’s a real challenge to figure out how [to] analyze all of this data? So a big push in the community right now is to develop automated tools.”
Such tools utilize artificial intelligence (AI) in similar ways to the speech recognition technology many of us already use, like Apple’s Siri or Amazon’s Alexa, explains Oliver Kirsebom, a senior staff scientist on the Meridian project at the Institute for Big Data Analytics at Dalhousie University. In similar ways to the algorithm-based speech recognition software, speech recognition tech is being used to recognize and analyze whale calls.
“The idea with these algorithms is that you can train them by feeding them examples of, in our case, sound clips,” he says. “So you know if this particular sound clip contains the call of a certain whale or not, and then this neural network learns to determine if that call is present in this sound clip through this training process.”
The possibilities of advancing research into, and management of, whales with this technology are particularly vital in a time when so many whales in the Salish Sea—a stretch of ocean that runs from southern BC into Washington State—are threatened by many factors, including vessel strikes, ship noise and a dwindling food supply.
The Salish Sea is famously home to the southern resident killer whale, an orca ecotype that is critically endangered, with only 75 members remaining. But it is also vital habitat for other species and ecotypes: the marine-mammal-eating transient or Biggs killer whale, the northern resident killer whale, and a recent resurgence of the humpback whale. Being able to know where these whales are in real time, based on alerts from AI derived from hydrophones up and down the coast, could mean the prevention of countless whale deaths going forward, as vessels could be warned to slow down or vacate an area if there are whales present.
There is also tremendous research value in this archive of acoustic data. Certain whale calls can be indicative of particular behaviours, from humpback whales bubble-net feeding (a feeding method that involves vocalization to coordinate a group of whales to circle a group of fish, creating a “net of bubbles” that disorients the fish and signals through a call when the whales should open their mouth and feed) to orca foraging for fish. Often, pods and even families of orca have their own distinct calls, and researchers are able to identify which groups are using certain areas and during which times of the year.
With so many benefits to be gained from collecting and analyzing this data, many organizations, including NGOs, First Nations, government agencies and private companies, have started to set up their own hydrophone projects.
Tom Dakin, an underwater acoustician who installs hydrophones up and down the coast for clients including the BC Coastwide Hydrophone Network—a coalition of NGO hydrophone projects—the Department of Fisheries and Oceans and Transport Canada, says there will soon be 21 hydrophones in the water for the network alone, collecting about 183 terabytes of data per year.
“It’s incredibly expensive to put things under water for long periods of time,” Dakin says. “So the sacrifices and the scrounging that people have done in order to be able to do the research that they’re doing is really awe-inspiring. They’re shining examples to the rest of us of the dedication that people can have.”
Janie Wray, CEO of the North Coast Cetacean Society and Science Director for Orca Lab, helped start the hydrophone network project with Dakin as a way to link the NGO hydrophones along BC’s coast. They also approached First Nations like the Heiltsuk of Bella Bella and the Kitasoo/Xai-xais of Klemtu to set up their own hydrophone projects in their territories.
The goal of the network is to bring all of the hydrophone equipment in the water up to the same level so that the data is comparable across the coast. They ultimately plan to create a website that will display an ocean noise health index, where the public will be able to look at noise levels throughout the province. The data collected by the hydrophones will also be available to anyone for their own research projects.
“It’s phenomenal how many hydrophones are in the water,” Wray says. “And it’s great because all these different organizations are listening to whales, we’re all gathering data, but we’re also gathering data on ocean noise … Each hydrophone that we have in the water has an acoustic story to tell us about that habitat.”
As these hydrophone projects grow, so too do the AI projects that will allow scientists to parse through this important data. However, developing and training these algorithms is not without challenges, most notably a lack of annotated data sets—data that has been labelled by a bioacoustician and can be used to teach the AI what to look for.
“Although these algorithms can be trained to do really impressive things, they are kind of dumb too, in the sense that they require just a lot of data before they get to that point,” explains Kirsebom. “Although we keep talking about them as artificial intelligence, they’re still far away from what a human is capable of, which is to recognize a sound having heard just a few examples of that sound. And with a neural network, we have to show it so many examples before it starts to recognize that sound. And even then it will still make mistakes.”
Kanes, who specializes in studying passive acoustics, is one of very few people in the country creating annotated data sets that will be widely available for anyone to use in their projects.
“I’m in a unique position at Ocean Networks Canada to really help move things forward because I’m not being paid to fulfill the requirements of a specific project … I don’t have to keep my data confidential. All of the data I work with are available for anyone to use,” Kanes tells me. “My mandate is really just to help science move forward. So I’m quite free to produce datasets that are very, very public and to promote them to people to use.”
To label the data, Kanes does not usually listen to the recordings; instead, they look at spectrograms—visual representations of the sound data—which show time on the X axis and the frequency of the sound—how high or low the sound is—on the Y axis. With a practised eye, Kanes can recognize the shapes certain calls make in the spectrograms, and more quickly pick out important pieces of data.
“It’s a real treat when I have cause to actually listen to the whales, but if I was to listen to the data we collect in real time, it would take far too long,” Kanes says. “We have more than 20 hydrophones in the water. They’re streaming to us 24 hours a day. There’s no way that I could ever catch up with our data collection if I was listening in real time.”
Another challenge faced by those creating whale AI is the presence of similar sounds that can lead to false positives—when the AI believes it is identifying a whale call but is actually hearing something like a bird call or the sound of a boat winch.
“There’s always going to be new sounds,” Kirsebom tells me. “So even when you’ve trained the network on all sorts of sounds, a new vessel may come by like a ship that makes a sound that the network has never heard before, and again, that’s where the networks sometimes struggle in a way that we humans don’t struggle … We’re not there yet in terms of mimicking our capacity to generalize.”
Kanes tells me about one memorable day when a humpback whale call detector made 300 detections in the span of one hour in the Strait of Georgia. Kanes looked closer at the data, and found that it was actually the shaft rub on a boat’s propeller creating a very convincing humpback-like sound.
“With all of that context, I can look at it and be like, actually that’s shaft rub,” Kanes says. “But … it would be so hard to account for all of the factors that go into my decision [that] actually this isn’t a humpback. ‘Cause it has the right shape, it’s the right timbre—which is sort of like the quality of the sound— it’s the right frequency, it’s the right duration.”
In this way, these whale AI networks are still far behind humans when it comes to analyzing the context around a sound.
“That’s one thing that we’re lacking right now in the algorithms that we’ve been working with, is that knowledge of what happened … a minute ago or 50 minutes ago,” Kirsebom explains. “That’s very challenging.”
While some may fear AI will make humans obsolete, the reality is that this type of whale AI will probably not be replacing the role of bioacousticians. Instead, the two will work together as a team.
“Now that I’m really in it and I see how a lot of these machine learning algorithms function and how well they perform and all of the nuances that confuse them and all of the contexts that I actually use as a human annotator, I’m starting to realize actually, no, I’m probably not going to put myself out of a job,” Kanes says. “These tools will probably make my job easier in that they’ll pick out sounds without me having to go through them.”
As NGOs continue to work on whale AI projects, tech giants are jumping into the fray too. In 2018, at a workshop in Victoria, Google pitched the idea of developing real-time whale detection to Canada’s Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO)—the company had already developed similar technology for humpback detection in Washington for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Paul Cottrell, Marine Mammal Coordinator for the DFO, whose team has 20 hydrophones in the water, was excited to partner with Google on this project. They also collaborated with Rainforest Connections, a non-profit tech group that previously worked with Google to create a web interface that would alert wildlife officials when chainsaw sounds were detected in the Amazon Rainforest.
“It’s just been incredible,” Cotrell says. “To actually pay to have this put in place would have been so expensive; if we had to do it without these collaborations, it wouldn’t have been possible. So this really only happened because of this Google team of amazing engineers that could put this cutting-edge programming together.”
Cottrell and his team have been provided with Google phones which notify them when the AI has picked up an alert at one of their stations. They can then listen to the hydrophones to determine if what the AI has detected is indeed a whale call. The DFO network utilizes experts in the field to identify the calls, pinpointing not just what species and ecotype of whale has been heard, but often even what pod the whale may belong to. This information is fed back into the AI, allowing it to improve constantly.
While the AI is still in its training phase, the hope is that it will soon be used to make real-time management decisions. For example, if the DFO knows that a large pod of southern residents is moving through a pass, they can alert vessels to slow down or avoid the area.
On top of their ability to prevent vessel strikes, Cottrell believes this AI could be a key tool if the area was to experience an oil spill. “If there ever was a catastrophic or a large, significant spill in the Gulf Islands, we would be able to know where the whales are,” he says. “If we knew the spill trajectory we could get in front of that and prevent the whales from moving into an area to get exposed. So that’s another big piece of this project is to look at this threat minimization from anthropogenic threats.”
South of the border, other tech companies have been lending their programming prowess to the fight as well. In the summer of 2019, at a Microsoft hackathon in Seattle, a group of Microsoft employees began working on another algorithm to detect whale calls in real time. The project, called Orca Hello, has been in development ever since, with the team volunteering in their spare time to design and train the algorithm. It has now been deployed on three hydrophones in Washington run by the non-profit Orca Sound.
“We didn’t believe it till we saw it with our own eyes,” says Prakruti Gogia, a Microsoft software engineer who works on the HoloLens smart glasses, and a member of the Orca Hello team. “To actually see it work live, that was a really, really incredible experience.”
The algorithm was deployed in late September, 2020, and it sent its first real-time alert a few days later. “The first thing it actually got were a couple of false positives,” Gogia says.
“Otter squeaks!” Gogia’s teammate Akash Mahajan adds excitedly. Mahajan, a Microsoft applied scientist, says that the speech recognition AI he works on for his day job is usually trained on tens of thousands of hours of labelled data. Orca Hello was trained on just fifteen.
“From the beginning … we wanted to create a prototype or a reference design for a system that by design has a feedback loop,” he says. “So the way we’ve set up our system is that we start with some small amount, but we can turn on those hydrophones and when false positives and things come back in they’re exactly from what we need, and we can use that to refine and continue to improve.”
Soon the AI was picking up the calls of orcas and even humpbacks.
“The very first time we heard humpbacks and the system actually picked up detected humpback calls in the audio, that was an incredible moment because they’re really, really distinctive calls, and so echoey,” Gogia says. “It was amazing for me. Like that was the wow moment.”
Scott Veirs, who co-founded Orca Sound with his father Val, calls these spectacular audio events “live concerts,” and views them as a way to forge a connection between humans and whales that will—he hopes—result in an increase in empathy for, and activism around, the plight of the whales, particularly the southern resident killer whales. That is the ethos behind Orca Sound, which utilizes live streaming of their network of three hydrophones to allow anyone to listen in on the underwater world in real time.
“The app itself is trying to engage folks in acting on behalf of the whales—that’s its primary purpose—but it’s also trying to engage them as citizen scientists,” Veirs says. “So from a student’s perspective, maybe the most interesting thing to do is to use some of our learning resources to teach your students about what killer whales sound like and what other common sounds in the Salish Sea are, and then get them pressing the button.”
With so many talented scientists investing their energy into these AI projects, progress in the field of whale AI is set to grow exponentially.
“Over the many decades that this research has evolved to where we are now … I look at this and think, wow, in 10 years, what are we going to have? Because what’s changed in the past 10 years has been amazing,” Cottrell says. “The technology, the artificial intelligence, the programming … is just changing so rapidly. And to keep up with that and help the whales is so important.”
In addition to its benefits for whale research and protection, these hydrophone and AI technologies could be used to study other parts of the underwater ecosystem as well. As part of his PhD research, Xavier Muoy, a PhD student at the School of Earth and Ocean Sciences at the University of Victoria and an acoustician at JASCO Applied Sciences, is using hydrophone data to identify and monitor the sounds made by different fish species. This research could be particularly beneficial for fish that require conservation strategies, like rockfish.
“As I started to look at data from hydrophones that were collected along the coast … I could still find, pretty much everywhere, these very low frequency sounds that were super grunty and not from a marine mammal,” Muoy tells me. “I found out that those are fish, and so if we can hear fish in most of the hydrophones that we have along the coast, that means there’s also good potential to monitor fish just using their sounds.”
As this field of underwater AI continues to grow on the west coast, the many disparate projects are working to come together and collaborate—after all, the whales don’t recognize borders.
“Coast-wide, there’s a lot of hydrophones out there and they’re all in different networks,” Cottrell says. “And I think linking those in as well, is going to be important and I think a challenge going forward, but something that hopefully we can connect … and help the whales.”
Sofia Osborne is a writer, reporter and audio producer based in Vancouver. Her environmental journalism has appeared in The Tyee and The Narwhal, and she is the co-host and producer of Beyond Blathers, an Animal Crossing science podcast.
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According to a study carried out by the State of JS portal, VueJS is one of the best front-end libraries that developers would most like to learn, so it is necessary to know the skills that every VueJS developer must possess to achieve successful management of this framework.
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language and CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. Combined, both determine the appearance and navigation of a website. VueJS applications and websites are created using its Single File Components structure, within these comes the HTML code and the CSS style.
Vue will render HTML from the template for display to the user. Hone your HTML and CSS skills so that you can display the elements correctly on the web page.
Every VueJS developer should have knowledge of how Git is handled and have a profile on GitHub or GitLab. Git is a distributed version control system, in its short definition. It allows you to keep track of all development needs and you can also manage all the changes made in applications, codes, websites and other information associated with the process of building a software.
Knowledge of Git enables software developers to better collaborate and cooperate with their coworkers.
To be a successful VueJs developer well ... you need to have knowledge about the Vue programming language, of course, right? But it seems that some software developers do not take it into account when working with this framework. If you have an existing application, you can use Vue in only part of its interface. Or you can create a complete application within Vue.
These are the basic tools that every VueJS developer must have and update over the years. At Rootstack we have a team of expert developers in this popular framework, with which they have managed to solve the technological problems presented by our clients from all over the world.
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https://www.rootstack.com/en/blog/vuejs-developer-skills/
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How to create a BICS connection
How to create a BICS connection to a SAP BEx query.
What is BICS?
Business Intelligence Consumer Services
BICS is the BW data access layer for BEx tools
In the information design tool, you can create an OLAP connection to connect to SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse (BW) using Business Intelligence Consumer Services (BICS) connectivity. BICS connectivity is the recommended way for BI tools to connect to Business Explorer (BEx) queries on the SAP NetWeaver BW server.
In this tutorial, you will create OLAP connections to connect to an SAP NetWeaver BW data source based on a BW server, a cube, and a BEx query.
- 1. OLAP “look and feel Can interact with data in BW as well as non BW sources No longer need to manually create / maintain universes (for example, if the underlying BEx Query changes)
- 2. Improved reporting performance
When SAP BW 7.3 is your source, BICS connections are recommended by SAP. You can connect directly to a SAP BEx query or a SAP BW Info Provider. In the next steps you can see how to create a BICS connection to a SAP BEx query.
Log in to Information Design Tool
Select create new
Observe the all connection
Now I am discussing how to create the OLAP connections
Select the project and give the project name, location.
Now project is created
Select the project (TEST1)
Create new – select the OLAP connection
Select the BICS connections
Give the system credentials.
Select the specify a cube in the connections.
Select folders (info areas and favorites)
Select the next
Click on the test connections
How to publish the connection to repository
Select the OLAP test connection -> Right click -> publish connection to repository
Choose repository file
Give the system credentials
Please observe the system credentials.
Click ton test connection
Now connection was published.
Hopes it is helps..…
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://blogs.sap.com/2013/10/24/how-to-create-a-bics-connection/
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1)The serological responses of 29 cases of human yellow fever infection were studied by hemagglutination-inhibition (HI), complement-fixation (CF) and neutralization (N) tests.
2)The cases were divided into two groups, chiefly according to the pattern of CF antibodies to a variety of Group B agents. The 17 cases in the first group are considered to be primary infections of yellow fever; the 12 cases in the second are considered to be infections of yellow fever in individuals who had previously been infected with another Group B virus.
3)In primary infections of yellow fever specific HI antibodies appear first, followed rapidly by antibodies to other Group B viruses. The titers of homologous HI antibodies are always as high as, or higher than, the titers of heterologous antibodies.
4)In primary infections there is great variation in the time after onset at which CF antibodies become demonstrable. Complement-fixing antibodies are produced over a long period and may still be increasing when HI antibodies are diminishing. The pattern of CF antibodies is remarkably specific. Overlaps with other antigens occur only when the homologous CF antibodies are high.
5)In primary infections the development of N antibodies as determined by the standard intracerebral test is quite specific. Heterologous N antibodies are developed to a limited extent.
6)In cases of secondary infection, the production of HI and CF antibodies is both massive and very rapid. There is no suggestion of specificity in the patterns developed and, in fact, as a rule the highest HI and CF antibodies were heterologous. Furthermore, in secondary infections the production of heterologous N antibodies is stimulated to a greater extent than in primary infections. In the present 12 cases, the heterologous response was so great that in all but one of the cases accurate diagnosis of the current illness by N test was impossible.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.ajtmh.org/abstract/journals/tpmd/7/6/article-p585.xml?rskey=hDryT4&result=4
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The 505(b)(2) new drug application (NDA) pathway can provide unique advantages from the nonclinical development perspective that can save significant time, money, and resources. Compared to the 505(b)(1) NDA pathway, which is more standardized and follows the general guidance provided by the International Conference on Harmonisation , the nonclinical development program under the 505(b)(2) pathway can be highly variable and dependent on the types of changes to the new drug product compared to the listed drug (LD) along with how robust the nonclinical database is for the LD.
FDA guidance provides general information and recommendations on the types of nonclinical studies that may be required for reformulated drug products and drug products administered by an alternate route. Although this guidance is very helpful, 505(b)(2) drug development programs may require more limited or more comprehensive nonclinical programs. The nonclinical requirements can be dependent on the drug product formulation, clinical indication, clinical population, specific FDA review division requirements, and other factors.
To illustrate the nuances in 505(b)(2) nonclinical development, below are examples of several specific changes to a drug product that qualify it for the 505(b)(2) pathway, along with nonclinical programs that were required to support the NDA. As a general concept, in addition to the specific considerations listed below, systemic and sometimes local exposure to the drug from the new drug product typically need to be equal to or less than exposure to the LD in order to rely on the nonclinical information in the LD-approved labeling.
Some examples of those drug product changes:
Different form of the drug substance (active ingredient)
If the LD is a racemic mixture and the new drug is a single enantiomer, comparative nonclinical toxicity testing is often required to ensure that the enantiomer does not exhibit greater toxicity than the racemic mixture. If the new drug is a different salt form of the LD, some salts (e.g., hydrochloride, sodium, potassium) may require no-to-limited nonclinical studies to support their safety, while others (e.g., strontium) can raise concerns with the agency and lead to targeted nonclinical studies to justify the safety of the salt itself. Furthermore, prodrugs often require nonclinical studies to demonstrate that the prodrug breaks down quickly and is not detected at appreciable levels systemically. Depending on the route of administration, local toxicity assessments may be required for prodrugs.
If the excipients in the new drug product are listed in the FDA’s Inactive Ingredient Database (IID) for the given route of exposure, and the amounts in the new drug product are at or below IID maximum potency levels, additional nonclinical qualification of the excipients is typically not required. However, if a given excipient is not listed in the IID, if it is listed but not for the new route of exposure, or if it is proposed to be dosed at levels higher than the maximum potency level in the IID, nonclinical testing will likely be needed to qualify the excipient. In addition, nonclinical studies may be needed if there were any unexpected or potential interactions between the excipients, degradants, and/or impurities. The nonclinical testing can range from including appropriate control groups in any new toxicity studies to a full nonclinical program to qualify the safety of the excipient as outlined in the FDA’s excipient guidance.
Changes in the route of administration
Changing the route of administration often requires nonclinical studies to demonstrate at least the local safety of the new route of administration. Systemic safety may also be required depending on differences with the LD (e.g., route-specific metabolic differences).
Different dosing regimen
Nonclinical testing may be needed if the clinical exposure for the new regimen is higher than the exposure for the LD dosing regimen. However, it may be possible to leverage existing toxicity studies, even if they did not use the new dosing regimen, since they often use a maximum tolerated dose or maximum feasible dose that may support different dosing regimens.
New clinical indication
When a new drug product has a new clinical indication and the route of exposure, dose, dosing regimen, and duration of use are similar for the new indication and the LD’s indication, no new nonclinical studies may be needed. However, if there are any differences from the approved indication (e.g., going from an acute to chronic dosing indication), nonclinical studies of appropriate duration would likely be required.
Overall, for a 505(b)(2) NDA, the nonclinical program is highly dependent on the drug product and requires extensive expertise and insight to understand the potential differences between the new drug and the LD that need to be addressed nonclinically. Furthermore, it requires accurate understanding of the 505(b)(2) pathway and strategic input when designing appropriate nonclinical programs that will meet applicable regulatory requirements and be accepted by the FDA to support IND-enabling initial clinical trials, ongoing clinical trials, and an eventual 505(b)(2) NDA.
To learn more about how Premier Consulting can assist with your nonclinical strategy, contact us.
William Salminen, PhD
Director of Scientific and Regulatory Affairs
International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH): “Guidance on nonclinical safety studies for the conduct of human clinical trials and marketing authorization for pharmaceuticals M3(R2),” June 11, 2009.
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https://premierconsulting.com/resources/blog/505b2-nonclinical-development-examples-and-advantages/
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- 1 When should I plant tulips in my zone?
- 2 What is the best month to plant tulip bulbs?
- 3 What happens if you plant bulbs in the spring?
- 4 Is it too early to plant tulip bulbs?
- 5 How do you plant tulips in the spring?
- 6 How do you plant tulips in Zone 10?
- 7 What happens if you plant tulips in the spring?
- 8 How deep should I plant tulip bulbs?
- 9 Can I plant tulips that have already bloomed?
- 10 How long will bulbs last unplanted?
- 11 Should you soak bulbs before planting?
- 12 What happens if bulbs are not planted deep enough?
- 13 What time of year should you plant bulbs?
- 14 What happens if you plant bulbs too early?
- 15 Do tulips multiply?
When should I plant tulips in my zone?
HOW TO PLANT TULIPS. When to Plant: Tulip bulbs should be planted in mid to late fall, any time after the first frost and before the ground freezes. For best results, plant the bulbs within a month after you receive them.
What is the best month to plant tulip bulbs?
Tulip bulbs should be planted in the fall. The soil needs to have cooled off from the summer growing season before you plant, which could mean September in cold climates (zones 3 to 5), October in transitional climates (zones 6 to 7), and November or December in warm climates (zones 8 to 9).
What happens if you plant bulbs in the spring?
Waiting until spring to plant the bulbs will not satisfy these requirements, so spring -planted bulbs will likely not bloom this year. The bulbs likely won’t bloom this spring, but they may bloom later in the summer, out of their normal sequence, or they may just wait until next year to bloom at the normal time.
Is it too early to plant tulip bulbs?
Ideally, bulbs should be planted at least six weeks before hard, ground-freezing frost can be expected in your area. Bulbs aren’t like seeds. They won’t survive out of the ground indefinitely. Even if you find an unplanted sack of tulips or daffodils in January or February, plant them and take your chances.
How do you plant tulips in the spring?
- Plant the bulb pointy side up in a small plastic pot with potting soil.
- Seal the whole pot in a plastic bag.
- Put the pot in the refrigerator and keep the soil moist until the tulip has sprouted.
- Move the pot out of the bag and into a sunny place inside, watering frequently.
How do you plant tulips in Zone 10?
Zones 8, 9 and 10 As an alternative, plant your tulips in USDA zones 8 and 9 during late November into early December. For the warmer zone 10, wait until early January to bury the bulb approximately 6 inches under well-draining soil.
What happens if you plant tulips in the spring?
Tulips Need Cold to Grow When planting tulips in the spring, the warm soil may not allow the bulbs to break out of their dormant state and grow. For spring bulb blooms, you have to start in late winter for outdoor planting or indoors for transferring to warmer soil.
How deep should I plant tulip bulbs?
How to Plant Tulips
- Plant bulbs fairly deep —6 to 8 inches deep, or about three times the height of the bulb.
- Set the bulb in the hole with the pointy end up.
- Water bulbs right after planting.
- If you’re planning to raise perennial tulips, feed them a balanced fertilizer when you plant them in the fall.
Can I plant tulips that have already bloomed?
Some are just not hardy; others have been pampered and forced into bloom leaving little vitality or endurance after blooming. Still others are fine. So it doesn’t hurt to give them a chance. Your tulips should be planted as soon as the soil is workable.
How long will bulbs last unplanted?
Most bulbs, if stored correctly, can be kept for about 12 months before needing to be planted.
Should you soak bulbs before planting?
Soak fall- planted bulbs for 12 hours in warm water before planting. Soaking allows suitable bulbs to absorb enough water to begin growth immediately, saving two or three weeks of time. This is particularly helpful in northern climates, where early-arriving winter weather limits leisurely rooting.
What happens if bulbs are not planted deep enough?
To plant flower bulbs too shallow can expose them to damaging temperature spiking. Planting flower bulbs too close together can cause root systems to strangle each other or cause them to dehydrate or starve due to limited water and nutrition.
What time of year should you plant bulbs?
Tulips, Daffodils, Fritillaria and all other spring flowering bulbs can be planted throughout September, October and November. Many types will perform perfectly well, even if planted well in to December but the trick is to get them in before the risk of frost, so that they can start producing roots.
What happens if you plant bulbs too early?
Plant bulbs too early when temperatures are still warm, such as late summer or early September and you run the risk of confusing the bulb into thinking its spring. The ground could be frozen or the bulbs may not have enough chill time before spring arrives. Again, you’ll get foliage without flowers.
Do tulips multiply?
Species tulips not only return year after year, but they multiply and form clumps that grow bigger each year, a process called naturalizing.
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The Venetian Arsenalia (or Neoria) in Chania Old Harbour are imposing buildings you cannot miss. The name arsenalia, or neoria, means dockyards.
The Old Venetian Harbour is the great architectural legacy the Venetians left in Chania city, which has retained its bygone glory as the prominent attraction in today’s city, and is a pleasure to experience.
The first Venetian Harbour was built in the mid-14th century, and was expanded to its present shape in the 16th century, when the first Venetian Arsenalia (Neoria) were built.
Venetian Arsenalia (Neoria) in Chania Old Harbour: Connected to the city’s history through the centuries
The Venetians originally built 18 arsenalia in Chania Old Harbour in the 16th century, and later other 5 arsenalia on the easternmost part of the harbour in the 17th century. They were all built in the so called “inner harbour”, which was the most protected part.
The 16th century was the era of the Venetian domination in the Mediterranean. It was also the time when the Ottoman threat from the east was evident, so the Venetians heavily fortified the Chania Old Harbour to protect it.
It is estimated that during the 16th century, Chania city was the biggest Venetian naval base in the eastern Mediterranean, hosting at any time about 40 Venetian galleys. The Venetian Arsenalia, or Neoria, were the dockyards that catered for the construction, the maintenance and the repairs of all this great naval force of its time.
Later, in the 17th century, when the Ottomans laid sieges to the city, many of the Venetian Arsenalia changed its use from dockyards to huge food storage facilities that helped Chania city survive for months during these harsh periods.
The Venetian Arsenalia (Neoria) in today’s Chania Old Harbour: An architectural landmark
Today, from the 18 original Venetian Arsenalia that were built in the 16th century, the 8 survive. At the back of the inner Old Harbour there are the Great Arsenali, and the 7 smaller arsenalia (or neoria) adjacent to each other. In a similar manner, from the 5 Venetian dockyards that were built at the eastern end of the Old Harbour, the 3 survive.
The most known of all the old Venetian Neoria is the Great Arsenali. It is an exquisitely beautiful building, which was masterfully renovated in 1997, when it became the building hosting the newly founded Center of Mediterranean Architecture. A true masterpiece, combining fine centuries-old and modern architecture, the Great Arsenali – Center of Mediterranean Architecture today hosts an array of interesting exhibitions, conferences and events every year.
The 7 adjacent small neoria close to the Great Arsenali give to the inner Old Chania Harbour its characteristic, picture-perfect setting. They provide the ideal background of the new Chania marina in front of them, as you look at it from the Venetia Sea Wall or the Chania Lighthouse.
The 3 Venetian dockyards that survive until this day on the eastern part of the Old Venetian Harbour, are also called Moro’s Neoria, from the name of the Venetian local governor that built them. Today, one of them hosts the Chania Sailing Club, and another one is part of the Naval Museum of Chania, where you can find an exact replica of an ancient Minoan ship of the 15th century BC.
The Venetian Arsenalia (Neoria) in Chania Old Harbour have played a crucial role as dockyards in past centuries, decisively helping the city survive and thrive. Today, they still play a vital role in the modern city, as prominent historical buildings in the magnificent Chania Old Harbour: from the Great Arsenali, the modern Center of Mediterranean Architecture, to the 7 adjacent arsenalia, and the Moro’s Venetian Arsenalia (Neoria), these centuries-old dockyards still define with their architecture the inner Old Harbour.
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You may consider winter a dead, drab month for your garden. Not much grows, there isn’t much wildlife about, and it’s cold and frosty. But, if you want to care for your garden, you’ll need to prepare it for the Winter months. Don’t worry too much! There are only a few small tasks that you can complete over a weekend or two to ensure your outside space is neat, protected, and maintained throughout winter so you can fully appreciate it once it begins to warm up again.
Winter is a great time to maintain your garden as it’s the least lively of seasons. To start, rake up any dead leaves and debris from your lawn. Prune back your trees and shrubs to keep them compact for the cold weather and clean up your pathways and patios. Warm soapy water will quickly clear away dried-on dirt from stone or wood, or you could always spray them with a pressure sprayer. You’ll also want to clean out water features and ponds if you have any so that no pipes get clogged, or natural habitats become too murky and stagnant to thrive.
Winter weather isn’t great for patio furniture and outdoor decorations. Cold and rain can cause rust, rotting, and discolouration, and as we’re less likely to use our outdoor space during Winter, you might not notice the damage until it’s too late. To put your mind at ease and protect your outdoor possessions, make sure to cover them all over or store them away. You can find lots of different patio covers in our Outdoor Living section, all specially designed to fit various sizes and shapes of patio furniture, BBQs, and more. To take your storage to the next level, move smaller items into a garden shed or storage container, or utilize a garage for more oversized items. You can also pick up thermal flower bed covers, which will allow your plants an extra layer of protection against the cold and any wildlife that braves the Winter.
Make sure you and your garden are super prepared by taking the time to plant some Spring-flowering bulbs. These are ideal for planting in the Winter, allowing them the long germination period they need to grow beautifully. Some perfect choices to plant now are daffodils, snowdrops, or crocus. To protect your bulbs from frost and allow them to grow properly through the cold months, mix some sharp sand and bone meal in your soil to allow for lots of insolation, water drainage, and slow release of nutrients.
Just because it’s winter doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy your garden! During those days that seem magically sunny and frosty yet fresh, spending a little time outside can help clear our minds, so consider picking up a patio heater that will allow you to appreciate the fresh Winter air for a little longer. Garden lighting can also help add a little brightness to your patio on cloudier days and may help you find a new appreciation for your garden in a time you usually wouldn’t think about it.
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LiveData Migrator for Azure's metrics page offers a visual overview of your data and metadata migrations.
To access the page:
- In the Azure Portal, navigate to your LiveData Migrator's resource page.
- On the Overview screen, select the Monitoring tab.
Here you can view charts displaying different data and metadata migration metrics for the selected time period (1 hour by default). Select any chart for more details.
LiveData Migrator for Azure transfers data at two different stages.
- A new migration will scan the source filesystem for files to transfer to the target and transfer them immediately. This migrated data is referred to as the "initial scan data".
- Data changed on the source is migrated to the target in real-time. This data is referred to as "live data". One-time migrations don't process live data.
|Initial Scan Data Migrated in Bytes||The total bytes of initial scan data migrated across all migrations.|
|Live Data Migrated in Bytes||The total bytes of live data migrated.|
|Total Migrated Data in Bytes||The total number of bytes successfully transferred by the migrator in all migrations. Includes both initial scan data and live data.|
|Files Migration Count||The total number of files migrated. This includes the initial migration of files and any file updates that are transferred to the target filesystem.|
|Directories Created Count||The total number of directories created on the target side across all migrations.|
|Number of Excluded Paths||The total number of all files and directories excluded from migrations. See changing your exclusion rules for more information.|
|Number of Failed Paths||The total number of files and directories that have failed to transfer.|
|Total Transactions||The total number of data-changing operations performed by the migrator. Useful to estimate billing.|
|Migrator CPU Load||The percentage of available processing power used by the migrator.|
|System CPU Load||The percentage of available processing power used by the migrator and all other processes.|
|Bytes per Second||The rate of data migration in bytes per second.|
Similarly to data migrations, metadata migrations transfer items at two different stages. The initial scan transfers metadata files present on the system when the migration begins, and later transfers any metadata items discovered after the initial scan.
|Initially Discovered Hive Items||The number of items discovered during only the first scan of a metadata migration.|
|Initially Migrated Hive Items||The number of metadata items migrated as a result of the initial scan.|
|Items Added After Scan||The total number of new metadata items added to metadata migrations after initial scans.|
|Discovered Hive Items||The total number of metadata items discovered at the source, both during and after initial scans.|
|Migrated Hive Items||The total number of metadata items migrated, both during and after initial scans.|
|
<urn:uuid:6ec44d7e-8da0-4018-87e7-b69f99c8259a>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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|
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| 0.835551
| 632
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| 2
|
Hello writerly friends!
Today, in our three act structure of The Hero’s Journey, we’re coming up to All Is Lost, which leads us to Dark Night Of The Soul before we enter Act Three. (Look at me capitalising everything, the perks of being german)
At this point, we often have a betrayal, or a death. Things go very wrong, the plan has to be adapted. Our characters are frustrated and have lost hope. It looks like they can’t win.
Let’s compare this section to the Heroine’s Journey.
The through-line of the Heroine’s Journey is the forming of a network. Friendship, found family, a team of experts, that the kind of thing a Heroine searches for on their journey. For the Heroine, isolation is a threat. Their enemies will try to isolate them to weaken the Heroine.
This also brings us to an All Is Lost moment at this point, where something goes wrong inside of the team the Heroine has built. The All Is Lost moment for the Heroine is something like a betrayal from a member of the team, the enemy successfully separating the team, a trusted contact failing. It looks like the network will fail and they can’t win.
To enter the third act, the Heroine and the Hero have to adapt to the new situation, by finding a compromise, working through emotional conflicts. Both Journeys are not that different at this point.
If you want a little reminder about the workings of the Heroine’s Journey, complete with swearing when Sasha Black realises why the writing of her book has been such a struggle, listen to this episode of the Rebel Author Podcast: [https://sachablack.co.uk/2021/03/03/075-the-heroines-journey-with-gail-carriger/]
Originally posted on tumblr: https://the-wip-project.tumblr.com/post/683400886063693824/day-7590
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https://the960writers.wordpress.com/2022/05/05/day-75-90/
|
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This shot is a good example of Murnau's mastery of image composition.
The arch in Wismar dominates the frame while still being large enough to dwarf the subject.
The lines are simple yet powerful. Image composition is one thing. But how did Murnau get
the ship in the background?
Thanks to our friend Jonas for sending us these images.
Give up? Murnau's camera was through the gate in the photo on the right looking back at us. (duh)
Rather than construct large sets, Murnau used elements of nature and existing structures. Some of the most striking imagery in the film was shot at Orava Castle in Slovakia. A detailed history and images can be found at this
Slovak Heritage web site.
A very detailed image and brief history is available at
See Scene-by-scene descriptions of the scenes used in Shadow of the Vampire
|
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Tech companies are trying to make emojis a little more inclusive. It took way too long for them to adopt emojis with different skin tones, and emojis that are more gender-inclusive. Now, it’s taking steps to make emojis a little more inclusive of those with disabilities.
The new emojis include service dogs, people with canes, hearing aids, wheelchairs, and more, as first reported by BuzzFeed News. It’s important to note that the new emojis won’t show up in your iPhone just yet — instead, they have simply been proposed by Apple to the Unicode Consortium, the group that governs emojis. According to Apple, the emojis were developed in partnership with the American Council of the Blind, the National Association of the Deaf, and the Cerebral Palsy Foundation.
“This new set of emoji that we are proposing aims to provide a wider array of options to represent basic categories for people with disabilities,” Apple said in its proposal. “This is not meant to be a comprehensive list of all possible depictions of disabilities, but to provide an initial starting point for greater representation for diversity within the emoji universe.” You can see the newly proposed emojis for yourself below.
New emojis are proposed to the Unicode Consortium pretty regularly, and they’re not always accepted. It’s hard to see why Apple’s newly proposed emoji wouldn’t be accepted, but they still have to be reviewed by the Unicode Technical Committee. Once they’re reviewed (and approved), it’s up to phone manufacturers like Apple and Google to come up with their own designs for their particular platform — part of the reason why emojis look different depending on whether you use an iPhone or an Android phone.
One-hundred and fifty-seven new emojis are actually set to make their way to phones sometime in August, including emojis of people with red hair, more skin tone options, female superheroes, and pirate flags. In recent years, there has been a much bigger push to introduce more inclusive emojis, which has led to a range of new offerings. Hopefully, tech companies will continue to develop inclusive emojis that represent different people from all walks of life.
- Google Pixel 7 duo pops up on video, gives a close look at the size difference
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- Does the Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 4 have an SD card slot?
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Auteurs : Petra Nordqvist
Department of Sociology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Date de mise en ligne : 2019
In recent decades, reproductive medicine has become a widespread global phenomenon. Within the field, donor conception, and the use of donated eggs, sperm or embryos from a third party, plays a key role. Despite the importance of those individuals who donate, there has been scant research exploring their experiences. Seeking to contribute to the growing, albeit still small, body of research on donors, this paper advocates bringing the process of donating into dialogue with a sociology of personal life. It suggests that important new insights about the donor experience can be achieved by utilising such a theoretical perspective. The paper applies a broad framework of a sociology of personal life to demonstrate that the decision to donate reverberates within donors’ everyday lives and relationships, and explores, primarily theoretically, how it is that acts of donation bring such issues into play. To this end, the paper examines in detail three ways in which donating interacts with dimensions that are integral to personal life: “living” genetic connectedness, relationality and the intimate body. Ultimately, the paper suggests that a sociology of personal life shows light on new, unexplored questions for this field that demand greater scholarly attention.
Citation : Nordqvist, P. (2019), Un/familiar connections: on the relevance of a sociology of personal life for exploring egg and sperm donation. Sociol Health Illn, 41: 601-615. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.12862
licence : This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Lien du document : : https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.12862
Mots clés : egg donors, sperm donors, genetic connectedness, personal life, relationality, intimacy
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Judge: No-fly list violates constitutional rights
PORTLAND, Oregon — The U.S. government offers no adequate method for people to challenge their placement on its no-fly list, a federal judge ruled Tuesday in a case involving 13 Muslims who believe they're on the list.
U.S. District Court Judge Anna Brown found people lack a meaningful way to challenge their placement on the list, and the 13 people who sued the government have been unconstitutionally deprived of their right to fly.
"This should serve as wakeup call to the government," said American Civil Liberties Union attorney Hina Shamsi. "This decision also benefits other people wrongly stuck on the no-fly list because it affords them (an opportunity to challenge) a Kafkaesque bureaucracy."
U.S. Justice Department spokeswoman Dena Iverson said government attorneys were reviewing the decision.
Thirteen people challenged their placement on the list in 2010, including four military veterans.
Initially, Brown said she couldn't rule on the case. In 2012, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals disagreed and sent the case back to her. Brown ruled in August that the 13 people challenging their presence on the list had a constitutional right to travel and, on Tuesday, found the government violated that right.
"For many," Brown wrote in Tuesday's decision, "international travel is a necessary aspect of liberties sacred to members of a free society."
The judge said placement on the no-fly list turns routine travel into an "odyssey," and some of those on the list have been subjected to detention and interrogation by foreign authorities.
The no-fly list, a well-protected government secret, decides who is barred from flying at U.S. airports, and is shared with ship captains and 22 other countries. The FBI has said the list requires secrecy to protect sensitive investigations and to avoid giving terrorists clues for avoiding detection.
The plaintiffs argued being on the list harms their reputations. Several who filed suit said they have been surrounded at airport security areas, detained and interrogated.
Brown expressed skepticism at the government's arguments in several court hearings in 2013 and earlier this year. U.S. government attorneys cautioned the judge not to engage in "policymaking" were she to rule against them.
The ruling shows Brown heeded that caution. She did not create a new procedure for those on the list to challenge their placement. Instead, Brown said the Department of Homeland Security needs to find a way to disclose to those on the list the unclassified information used to place them there.
Since much of what is used for placement is classified, Brown said the government should provide people on the list with the nature and extent of the classified information, the type of threat they pose to national security, and the ways in which they can respond to the charges.
Her suggestions for an overhaul of the system hewed closely to those prescribed by the 9th Circuit in a separate case involving an Islamic charity.
The process "does not provide a meaningful mechanism for travelers who have been denied boarding to correct erroneous information in the government's terrorism databases," Brown ruled.
In January, a California woman successfully challenged her placement on the list, but the ruling did not address the broader constitutional implications.
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We assume that you’ll be hitting the weight room this summer with one goal: to get better than last season. Jotting down the details of each workout in a logbook is one surefire way to make sure you reach that goal. For the best, most efficient way to use a logbook, we hit up Colin Quay of Elite Athlete Training Systems and a member of the Nike SPARQ training network. He explains why tracking your workouts will improve your track sheet.
STACK: Why should athletes use a training log?
CQ: The main purpose for training is obviously to get faster and stronger. Having a plan will help you reach that goal. Training without a plan—not knowing how much weight to use, the number of reps you should be doing and what you’re trying to improve—is like taking a road trip without a map. Your main goal is to improve on what you did before; that’s called progression. Any workout without progression means you’re not improving, which means you didn’t have a very good workout. Being able to see how you performed in your last workout, as far as your weight and reps, means you can easily set a goal for your next workout.
STACK: Any other benefits?
CQ: Consistency. You need to make sure that you continuously overload your muscles and you continuously progress—or else you’ll plateau and not make any gains. You avoid plateaus by always improving, always increasing the weight or reps.
STACK: Should every athlete keep a training log?
CQ: Yes, regardless of the sport you’re training for. If you are strength training, working on speed or getting timed on resistance training, you want to make sure that you’re keeping track of what you accomplish each time. A log can help you reach any athletic goal.
STACK: What should an athlete track?
CQ: When an athlete starts a program, it’s good to start with a baseline in terms of height, weight and body fat-to-muscle ratio. You can always review progress in those terms. When working out, record the weights and reps you were able to perform at each weight for each exercise.
Rest is another important component of a quality strength training routine. Rest ensures that your body has recovered and gives your muscles time to repair themselves and heal so they are stronger than before. It is good to have a set day for rest to allow your muscles to recover.
STACK: Should athletes track their diet and nutrition, too?
CQ: It’s a good idea—at least until they start getting an idea of how many calories they eat in a day. That way, they can put into perspective how much more they might need to eat if they’re trying to gain extra weight.
STACK: Is there any downside to using a logbook?
CQ: No, as long as using one doesn’t take away from the workout. You want your workout to flow. You don’t want to have to stop all the time to record too much data. Just the basic weight and reps is sufficient. It shouldn’t be a huge task.
STACK: Can athletes use a regular notebook or should they buy a specifically formatted book?
CQ: The most basic form of a notebook is fine. A lot of people use an Excel file and make a spreadsheet or workout card. It’s really personal preference.
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Genre: Bluegrass Style: Bluegrass (Scruggs) Key: G Tuning: Standard Open G (gDGBD) Difficulty: Intermediate
Posted by corcoran, updated: 6/20/2019
Notes: This is a nice straightforward song that, to my knowledge, the Foggy Mountain Boys never recorded in the studio. However, there are several versions from other sources floating around, and I have tabbed two of Earl Scruggs’s breaks. The first is from a radio recording, WSM air checks, apparently from the middle or late 1950s. Earl’s break shows how he would depart from formulaic use of the standard rolls we associate with Scruggs style. The second break is from one of the Flatt and Scruggs tv shows on WSM, from July 1961. It can be found on #5 of the DVDs released by Shanachie, but you can also find it on youtube. This break also shows Earl’s propensity for improvisation in those days.
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'Jack of Diamonds' 6 hrs
'Ome Tupelo Slothead' 7 hrs
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- be absorbed in thought；say to oneself in a thoughtful manner
- an instance or period of reflection.
verb: muse, 3rd person present: muses, gerund or present participle: musing, past tense: mused, past participle: mused
noun: muse, plural noun: muses
- 1. be absorbed in thought he was musing on the problems he faced
- ▪ say to oneself in a thoughtful manner “I think I've seen him somewhere before,” mused Rachel
- ▪ gaze thoughtfully at he sat on the edge of the bank, legs dangling, eyes musing on the water
- 1. an instance or period of reflection.
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From Propaganda to Channeling: The Changing Digital Strategies of the Chinese Government
- Date: Oct 27, 2021
- Time: 05:00 PM - 06:30 PM (Local Time Germany)
- Speaker: Jennifer Pan
- Stanford University, Department of Political Science, School of Humanities and Sciences
- Sign up: firstname.lastname@example.org
The rise of digital media has fragmented audiences and disrupted the ability of governments to reach large audiences through broadcast channels. This talk shows how the Chinese government is moving beyond propaganda and other forms of persuasive communications to a new, digital strategy of "information channeling."
Jennifer Pan is an associate professor of Communication, and an associate professor, by courtesy, of Political Science and Sociology at Stanford University. Her research resides at the intersection of political communication and authoritarian politics, showing how authoritarian governments try to control society, how the public responds, and when and why each is successful.
- King, Gary, Jennifer Pan, and Margaret E. Roberts. 2017. "How the Chinese Government Fabricates Social Media Posts forStrategic Distraction, Not Engaged Argument." American Political Science Review, published online 27 July 2017.
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Czech towns employ land consolidation to make rural areas greener and less flood-prone, for the benefit of farmers and the public alike.
“Do something about it, or we won’t extend your policy,” the insurance agent told Hana Blechova after her house flooded for the sixth time, when a downpour sent water and mud from the fields into her garden and then the ground floor of her home.
“But what could we have done about it?” she recalls.
Runoff flooding had plagued Cervene Pecky, a small town 60 kilometers east of Prague, since the 1960s. During heavy rains, water and topsoil from the fields above the village flowed into houses, gardens, and streets.
Cut to 2020. Flash floods triggered by rainstorms hit many Czech villages that July, but not Cervene Pecky and neighboring Dolany, also once prone to flooding. They stayed dry, thanks to the 2013-2018 transformation of the surrounding agricultural land.
Today, the field that used to channel water into Dolany is divided by a wide grass strip of grass. “It’s planted with trees and there are also ditches to capture some of the water and divert it,” says Cervene Pecky Mayor Lubomir Jirku.
“Water that manages to flow through the green belt runs into a polder lying just above the village as the last defense,” the mayor adds.
Grass belts and tree alleys now soak up water from storms on fields in the Cervene Pecky area. Even during the rain this past May, the water flowed into the polder and grass belts, “and it did no damage. It soaked in nicely, just as planned,” Jirku says.
A Powerful Land Use Tool
Cervene Pecky made its farmlands greener thanks to land consolidation, an administrative tool that allows officials to work with landowners to resolve longstanding problems resulting from the patchwork of land use patterns. Officials and landowners redraw property lines and add improvements such as water-management features and roads, with the aim of making the land more useful to farmers and the public alike.
What is land consolidation?
In land consolidation, local landowners and public authorities work together to make improvements on rural land and introduce more sustainable practices. In the Czech Republic, the beginnings of land consolidation can be traced to the abolition of feudal labor duties in the 19th century and the subsequent possibility for landowners to increase their holdings. The current program was established in 1991, after four decades of Communist land planning that had turned small fields into huge collective farms. For Central and Eastern Europe, the objective of modern land consolidation “should be to improve rural livelihoods rather than to improve only the primary production of agricultural products” and further to support “community renewal through sustainable economic and political development of the whole community, and the protection and sustainable management of natural resources,” according to the UN Food and Agriculture Program.
“Land consolidation is a ‘win-win,’ ” says Roman Smid of the Prague geodetic services company Gepard, who designed the consolidation projects for Cervene Pecky. “If you know what you want, then basically you can have it.
“Those who want to consolidate their properties can do it. Those who want to move their properties, those who want to divide up land in joint ownership – it works for them.”
Smid says rural landowners now have a good idea of what problems land consolidation can resolve. “It settles disagreements about land registration, quarrels between neighbors that ran on for years. This is an immediate plus.”
Project designer Zuzana Skrivanova has worked on several land consolidation projects. She calls the method “the most powerful and complete tool for landscape planning there is in the Czech Republic today.”
Land consolidation is managed by the State Land Office. There is one big caveat, however. The owners of the majority of land in one cadastral area must agree before the Land Office can start work. Majority agreement is essential, because land consolidation can affect all landowners in the area.
“The biggest landowner here at that time was baron Hruby. The first step was to persuade him,” Jan Dvorak, a former mayor and now a town councilor, recalls the start of the process.
Cervene Pecky filed its application for land consolidation with the local State Land Office branch in 2003-2004.
“And then there was the waiting phase, until the Land Office had the money. Then came the project design, and that dragged on, because it’s a complicated thing,” Dvorak says. With Smid moderating, negotiations on land swaps and deciding what physical changes to implement took years.
Above all, landowners in Cervene Pecky wanted to stop rainwater from sweeping topsoil from the fields into their homes. They also wanted to build roads through the fields for better access.
“I have a framework for suggested changes,” Smid says of the talks. “Then I have to fit all the people into it. Their interests often collide. People are jealous of one another; family members don’t speak to one another; and they can’t agree on anything. We sit with them for two to three days in the town hall and talk about their fences.”
To make the plan work, private owners of land designated for improvements such as roads, polders, and grass strips had to transfer ownership to the town, in return for replacement land elsewhere.
The project team also held individual meetings to solve special problems with about 30 landowners, sometimes meeting with them up to 10 times, Smid says. He made some 50 visits to Cervene Pecky and Dolany during the long negotiations.
Land consolidation is considered successful if at least 60 percent of landowners agree to abide by the negotiated solution. In Cervene Pecky, this point was reached in November 2011. The building work began in Cervene Pecky and Dolany in 2013, after yet another flood that April.
“The time period is long because relatively extensive measures are required, and they must be implemented gradually,” says Lenka Ruzkova, a spokeswoman for the State Land Office.
From Drawing Board to Transformation
Even after all the necessary changes are approved, from roads to dikes, work can’t begin until the State Land Office finds the money. In the great majority of land consolidation projects, that does not happen immediately upon final approval.
Lack of funds brings another limitation: it is usually not possible to make all the changes proposed in the original plan. This is almost a rule of thumb for complex land consolidation projects: You have to prioritize. In Cervene Pecky and Dolany, the priorities were flood control and new roads. This involved an unusually large investment in grass strips and tree planting, compared to other land consolidation jobs.
The plan included running asphalt roads through the fields. “Sometimes roads are criticized from the environmental point of view,” says Smid. “But roads are a priority, because in the end the local people are responsible for caring for the land. If there are to be beehives, they need to reach them. Because of roads, land consolidation makes it possible to use the land.” In some cases, the promise of new roads is the major factor in convincing landowners to sign up.
Cervene Pecky Mayor Jirku says asphalt was favored because it provides a firm surface for farm machinery and for recreational use by cyclists and skaters and requires little maintenance – a key point because the town is responsible for maintaining the roads.
Road building may be the most desired outcome by most landowners, but it is also by far the most expensive part of land consolidation. In 2019 – the most recent year for which figures are available – expenses for building roads in such projects amounted to 1 billion crowns ($45 million) nationwide. Spending for water management came in at 203 million crowns; other measures, such as erosion control and ecological improvements, totaled about 150 million crowns.
Czech land consolidation by the numbers
- 5,501: Number of completed land consolidation projects in the Czech Republic, as of 2019
- 35.3%: Amount of arable land on which land consolidation has taken place
- 12.6%: Amount of arable land on which land consolidation projects are under way
- 3,464 kilometers: Total length of roads built within land consolidation projects
- 34.1 billion crowns ($1.6 billion): Total costs of land consolidation, 1991–2019
Paved farm roads are not universally popular, however. It’s unclear whether asphalt is more economical than gravel in the long run, according to Radim Jarosek of the Czech Nature Conservation Agency, who through his affiliation with the regional landscape protection authority helps assess land consolidation projects in northeastern Moravia.
One big supporter of the paved roads is the biggest local farmer, Robert Hofman of the agribusiness Poline. But the new roads bring more people into the fields, and with them problems such as litter and, for a while, illegal waste dumps.
“Many roads were built, and they now get a lot of use. “Hofman says. “Cyclists and people on skates think that now that there’s an asphalt surface, it’s for them and not us. So when we use the roads in the fall when it’s wet and leave mud there, they complain they can’t ride there.”
Asphalt roads also come in for criticism from environmentalists, who say they worsen the water situation by increasing the speed of runoff, raise the temperature, increase evaporation, and have a negative influence on organisms such as invertebrates and amphibians.
Communities do tend to prefer asphalt, says Smid. There is also rising demand for copses – preferred by hunters as they provide hiding places for game animals. And, of course, water. “Every village wants its pond,” Smid says.
The new green belts are a hit with the residents of Cervene Pecky.
“It’s great, we take walks there with the dog and our granddaughter,” says Marie Belzova, whose house is near a grass strip. Other residents say they enjoy bike rides with the kids on safe, paved roads.
And the village no longer gets flooded.
“It works,” says Blechova. Her house on the town square has been free of flood damage for seven years.
The State Land Office also is satisfied. The evidence shows that the project was correctly carried out, with adequate anti-erosion protection and sufficient protection against heavy rain in built-up areas, says spokeswoman Ruzkova.
Compromises had to be made, however, and the project’s designer is somewhat critical of the result.
“I don’t like the flood control system,” Smid says. “It’s a technical measure.” The main water-absorbing grass strip runs in a straight line, 7 meters wide. Grass belts in the landscape don’t have to have regular shapes, but farmers prefer straight lines for easier maintenance.
Mayor Jirku notes the benefits of land consolidation but also the expenses, mainly for maintenance. The town bought two large mowers to maintain the grass strips. “We paid 2 million crowns [$92,000] for the two machines alone.”
Some critics argue that land consolidation projects don’t always deliver the promised returns.
“The experience gained by many offices of the Nature Conservation Agency shows that in many cases, some expected results aren’t fully realized,” says Jarosek. He mentions soil protection and reclamation, runoff control to limit the effects of floods, and improved ecological stability as areas where results have failed to match expectations.
Still Waiting for the Promised Landscape
The country around Cervene Pecky and Dolany still falls short of the designers’ original vision. Seventeen years after the two communities applied for land consolidation, just 40 percent of the recommended changes have been implemented. The rest awaits the day when the State Land Office finds the money.
This is not an exception. With most land consolidation projects, the larger part of the proposed measures remains on paper only. As the Agriculture Ministry admits in its most recent report on the state of farming, published in 2019, even taking into account the duration and costs of land consolidation projects, “they still do not meet the needs of municipalities, owners, land users, and the relevant organs of the state administration.”
Another challenge for land use in the Czech Republic is adapting to climate change. While the country remains prone to summer flooding, drought could become just as serious a challenge. Years of low precipitation have left the soils parched in many areas. In 2020, the Agriculture Ministry introduced a drought-fighting strategy for the next decade, stressing the role of land consolidation and especially the need to implement follow-up projects.
Jarosek says the strategy has until now not delivered any significantly innovative proposals.
Lack of funds is the main barrier to “greener” land consolidation, says Smid. Pressure to select the lowest bidder in public tenders forces design offices to slim down their projects. “It could be done better if there was more money,” he says.
In the past few years, the state budget has allocated 700 million crowns ($32 million) annually to land consolidation. Other sources, mainly EU funds, substantially increased that figure to 1.6 billion crowns in 2020, according to the State Land Office. The budgeted amount for 2021 is about 3 billion crowns.
The demand for land consolidation projects is much bigger, however. The Land Office estimates that 2.6 billion crowns would be needed to meet the annual need, Ruzkova says. Lack of qualified staff is also holding back approval of new projects, she says.
Land consolidation makes the countryside at once more productive and answers many of the needs of those who work the land and live nearby. Sometimes it can also add greenery to the fields – mainly where flood-control measures are built. The potential is far from being fulfilled, however. Of the hundreds of projects awaiting approval, many are designed to retain water and plant trees and shrubs.
Cervene Pecky and Dolany can be counted as successful projects, at least as far as the 40 percent of the original plans that have been implemented is concerned. This year work began on another field road, and work to seed a biocorridor of trees and bushes across the fields will start in the fall.
Over the 17 years of planning and building, Cervene Pecky has held three local elections. Lubomir Jirku, who took over as mayor from Jan Dvorak after one election, has a message for other mayors who eye his town’s success: “You can count on the fruit of a land consolidation project being enjoyed by your successor.”
Zdenka Kovarikova is deputy editor in chief of the Czech environmental news magazine Ekolist.cz. Translated by Ky Krauthamer.
Photos by Zdenka Kovarikova/Ekolist.cz. Reproduced under a Creative Commons license.
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1. We’re grateful to know Jehovah, our God,
For in his Word we find:
Although he is great in wisdom and might,
Jehovah is loving and kind.
2. Christ Jesus invites the weary at heart
To leave their cares behind.
How kindly his yoke, how light is his load,
For he is refreshing and kind.
3. We see in our God and Jesus our Lord,
The persons we should be.
In all that we do, we want to reflect
Their kindness and true empathy.
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<urn:uuid:95d9c094-f155-4fed-932a-59d814149d3c>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.jw.org/en/library/music-songs/Sing-to-Jehovah/The-Power-of-Kindness/
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Don’t throw cash out of the window…save heat and money by investing in Weatherglaze energy efficient products.
How much money can you save?
If you currently have single glazed or older double-glazing in your home then you could be losing more heat than necessary, and therefore money, literally out of the window. However, by switching to Energy Efficient Windows you can save energy and reduce your household bills by as much as €520* per year.
*in an electrically heated house taken from DTI Quarterly Energy Prices
How much Carbon can you save?
If you live in a single glazed house and install Energy Efficient Windows, you could reduce the energy you use by 0.30 tonnes or 18%. In addition to other simple energy saving measures – such as insulating your home and turning down the central heating by 1° C – and you could be making a real impact on reducing your carbon footprint.
How it Works
1) Advanced Spacer Technology!
Weatherglaze has achieved high levels of energy efficiency by introducing Warm edge technology to the complete product range. This warm edge innovation combines composite components inside the spacer bar; this maximizes the visual quality while maintaining the highest levels in energy rating.
2) Award Winning Profile!
Weatherglaze use the multi-chambered Duraflex suite of profiles to achieve maximum thermal and sound breaks. Its design also provides maximum strength and rigidity to the structure.
3) “Memory” Weather-seals!
The Weather-seal gaskets used by Weatherglaze incorporate a memory material that maintains the shape of the seal regardless of the weather conditions. The Q-Lon systems ensure that the do not shrink, rot or fade overtime. This ensures the weather seal is maintained year on year for the lifetime of the product.
4) Thermally Efficient Glass!
Weatherglaze has partnered with Pilkington’s to provide the leading Low E glass for the Weatherglaze product range. Our Glazing units meet the guidelines of the EnergiKare scheme by adequately utilizing the natural heat from the sun to capture warmth and prevent it leaving trough the glass.
OptiWhite Glass Weatherglaze now supply “as standard” Optiwhite glass and K-Optiwhite for a brilliantly clear view without the tint of normal glass. Optiwhite also Greatly improves Solar gain or “G-value” of the window.
Argon Gas Weatherglaze supply Argon Gas Filling “as standard” to all products to greatly improve the thermal efficiency.
Guide to Buying
How to tell if my windows are energy compliant and what does the label mean?
The BFRC rating is a system for rating the energy efficiency of windows and is recognised within the Building Regulations as a method to show compliance for your replacement windows installation.
Window Energy Ratings use the traffic-light style A-E ratings guide similar to that used on fridges and washing machines. This ratings label can be used by you to make more informed choices about the energy efficiency of the windows you are looking to purchase.
With carbon emissions high on the global agenda and the current high cost of fuel, we are all looking for ways to make our homes more energy efficient.
How much do Energy Efficient Windows Cost?
The cost varies not only between the various ratings (A to E) but is also dependent on the frame materials used and the size and style of window. A rated window will cost more than B, C, D and E rated windows, but this has to be set against the energy savings you will make as you go up the ratings scale.
The rule of thumb is that Energy Efficient Windows cost less than the heat lost through old windows, over a given period of time.
Where can I find more information on energy windows?
You are more then welcome to contact us through our online form or by calling our lo-call number 1890 533 800. However, there is a detail ‘Buyers guide’ on energy efficient windows that includes a concise list of reasons why you should invest in them. www.bfrc.org
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The bad newsworthiness is that getting damaged teeth fixed can be dearly-won. Depending on the condition of the break tooth, your other tooth, and your bones and gums, you may be looking at a bill ranging from $ 800 to several thousand dollars. And the price goes room up if you want or need a dental plant .
typically, a dentist fixes a break tooth with a root duct to clear out any infect tissues, followed by a crown – which is basically a partial or full substitute for the damaged tooth. In some cases, the break dance tooth can be repaired with overlays, bind, or other techniques. Your dentist will explain the options.
Don ’ thyroxine delay getting break in teeth fixed. In some cases, when the damaged tooth is in the binding of your mouth, you may be tempted to merely leave it alone because it doesn ’ metric ton show when you smile. But a break tooth can leave your gums open to infection, can cause your other teeth to shift position, and cause other dental and health problems. You do have options for low-cost dental worry !
Community Dental Clinics
Community dental clinics offer provide dental services for a depleted fee. Your local populace hospital may have a community dental clinic or may be able to refer you to one. You can besides do an internet search for “ community dental clinics. ”
besides check with the American Dental Association ( ADA ) web site, where you ’ ll find a “ dental health ” function that lists all of the barren and low cost dental treatment programs within each express. The map will point you to dental schools, clinics, dental care access programs, and organizations devoted to helping people access low-cost alveolar consonant concern .
Another set to look for low-cost manage is The Bureau of Primary Health Care, a service of the Health Resources and Services Administration. Call 1-888-Ask-HRSA to find out about federally-funded community health centers across the country that provide loose or reduced-cost health services, including dental caution .
Community clinics can be a capital means to get dental care affordably. Since many people struggle to come up with the money for dental care, be aware that you may spend a fiddling time on a waiting list before you can be seen by a dentist. The preferably you start the action ; the sooner you ’ ll be able to get care. Some clinics will expedite concern for people whose teeth are infected, so if your break teeth have abscesses or are causing you dangerous pain make sure to mention that when you speak to the folks at the clinic so they can schedule you accordingly .
dental students need to acquire on-the-job trail and feel before they can be licensed. The caution may not be free – most schools work on a sliding scale basis – but it is always identical low-cost. The tradeoff is that you ’ ll likely spend more meter in the dentist ’ s chair – as students are working under supervision of a license dentist who needs to check their work carefully and spend batch of time one-on-one with each scholar and patient¬ – and so you may need to visit the clinic numerous times to complete your discussion plan. You can find a list of dental schools here .
many dentists are open to working with people who need care that they can ’ triiodothyronine give for immediately. Some dentists may have an in-house finance program, may offer discounts to uninsured patients, or may be able to plan out treatment over respective months so that you don ’ t have to pay off a huge union all at once. Some dentists offer treatment priced on a sliding scale, meaning they will adjust their rates to your income .
Don ’ triiodothyronine be embarrassed to ask about requital options, or to let the dentist know how much you can afford to pay for alveolar consonant concern per travel to. You surely won ’ thyroxine be the first – or the last – affected role with budget concerns. Consider setting up an appointment for a checkup, and let the person who books the appointment know you have alveolar consonant health issues, don ’ t have insurance and want to discuss a discussion design with the dentist to understand your options .
If you have dental indemnity already, call the company that issued the policy – or check with your company ’ sulfur HR department – to understand your options .
If you ’ rhenium reading this article, though, we can assume that you don ’ t have dental policy or have already used up your annual $ 1000- $ 1,500 annual spend limit and need another solution to help you get your break tooth fixed .
Purchasing dental policy in the hopes of cutting the cost of alveolar consonant treatments that you need right nowadays isn ’ t typically a feasible plan. With a new-to-you plan, you ’ ll normally have to wait six months to get coverage for basic recuperative services or a year for major corrective services. And dental indemnity often will not pay to restore teeth that were missing before you purchased the policy ; any may not play for work that was afoot anterior to the policy going into effect .
The exception to the above is if you had dental policy within the last 30-60 days. If indeed, some plan providers may waive the waiting period. But check to make certain that the treatment that you need is covered by the plan, and that your coverage is available deoxyadenosine monophosphate soon as the plan is activated .
Your best option to save on any dental care that you need right now will probable be a Cigna dental savings plan, besides referred to as Cigna dental discount plans. In line to policy, these Cigna dental plans have no waiting period before you can access concern, and there are no restrictions on obtaining concern for preexisting conditions. As a Cigna plan penis, you have access to a network of dentists who have agreed to offer decreased rates to members, the savings range from 10-60 %.
Save 10% to 60%* at the Dentist!
With a Dental Savings Plan.
Start Saving Now
Find a plan
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Former US administrations of both parties formulated their policies toward Georgia in a context of European and Euro-Atlantic interests. Viewing Georgia (along with Azerbaijan) as a strategic asset for energy transit to Europe and for Allied outreach to Asia, those US administrations led the way in anchoring Georgia to the West, in preparation for integration. “Georgia on our mind” became an overused cliché describing US engagement with that country under past US administrations. For its part, the Obama administration seems to have changed that motto to “Russia on our mind,” shaping its Georgia policy mainly as a derivative of its Russia policy.
A study just released by the Center for American Progress (CAP), a think-tank closely linked with the Obama White House, reflects the current policy toward Georgia (Samuel Charap and Cory Welt, “A New Approach to the Russia-Georgia Conflict,” October 2010, www.americanprogress.org). It seems to view it through the prism of US-Russia bilateral relations, without a guiding US strategic purpose toward Georgia or the South Caucasus region, and lacking any contextual references to European energy interests, the implications for Turkey and NATO, the supply corridor to Afghanistan, or Georgia’s own contributions to US-led operations there.
The authors accurately describe Moscow’s case for violating the 2008 armistice agreement: “Russians say that they fulfilled the agreement. The forces that fought did withdraw, it’s just that new ones took their places. And they say that the document was signed in a world where the ‘independent states’ of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which now have basing agreements with Russia, did not exist. That world, they explain, is no more.” This being Russia’s position, “the Obama administration has made a conscious decision to not condition other aspects of the US-Russia relationship on progress on the conflicts — a sensible policy, given the multitude of critical security issues on the bilateral agenda.” Apparently, Russia faces no consequences for breaking agreements, while no lessons were learned about the credibility of the Kremlin’s signature on new agreements with this administration.
CAP’s study lists “four key [US] policy objectives [regarding Georgia]: preventing a future outbreak of violence, managing the humanitarian situation on the ground, reducing the conflict’s role as a roadblock to cooperation with Russia on other critical security issues, and facilitating the reunification of Abkhazia and South Ossetia with Georgia in the long run.” The first three of these goals imply conserving the existing situation, and are backed up with specific recommendations in the study. The fourth objective is not accompanied by policy recommendations, other than those derived from the three status-quo-oriented goals.
On the first and foremost goal, preventing renewed conflict, the study seems to regard both Georgia and Russia as possible sources of new hostilities. Georgia gets the greater emphasis in this regard. “Russian tanks are firmly ensconced in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which are not pulling back any time soon and will deter any rash Georgian efforts to take back the territories by force.” This appears to be the same rationale for Russia’s stationing of “peacekeeping” troops there from1994 to 2008.
Without discussing Russia’s own responsibility for the 2008 war, the study brings up Georgia’s presumed co-responsibility for it. This leads the authors to reject out of hand the idea of supplying defensive arms (anti-tank, air defense) to Georgia. While Tbilisi has submitted such requests through regular diplomatic procedures, only CAP seems to be hearing the Georgian government “become more and more vociferous” on this issue. It is true to say that Washington’s “unspoken policy” of non-approval continues the preceding administration’s policy. However, the threat calculus has changed radically since then while the policy has been maintained.
To stabilize the situation, the study recommends US support for: returning South Ossetia’s authorities to the existing Incident Prevention and Response Mechanism, from which Tskhinvali walked out on; a monitoring visit to South Ossetia by international representatives, “preferably” [i.e., not necessarily] from the existing European Union Monitoring Mission (EUMM); possibly leading to periodic, scheduled visits, potentially to be followed by regular monitoring access to South Ossetia and Abkhazia as “the ultimate aim” in this context. Freezing the existing situation would be the undeclared net result for the foreseeable future, reflecting an overriding concern with long-term stability.
Emanating as it does from a think-tank linked with the White House, this study takes exception to some State Department positions. Thus, the “US declaration that the Russian military presence constitutes an occupation under international law,” or “sternly repeating to Russia the mantra of abiding by its international commitments,” are described as ineffective and counterproductive in this study. The State Department, however, does cite that “mantra” to Moscow, while Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has in fact introduced the terms “Russian occupation” and “occupied Georgian territories” to official usage since July of this year.
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Things You'll Need
Clear plastic water or soda bottle
Scissors or box cutter
Clear plastic tubes are used in a variety of projects. They are particularly useful when preparing a science fair project or when making crafts like ornaments or school supplies. A large plastic tube can be decorated and sealed off at one end to create a pencil cup. A smaller tube might be used to move liquids from one beaker to another for a science project. A clear plastic tube is not difficult to make and can be part of fun family projects.
Video of the Day
Coat the bottle's label in cooking oil and let sit for 24 hours.
Peel off label. If the label does not peel off easily, repeat step one.
If the bottle remains sticky once the label is removed, coat the sticky area with cooking oil and let sit overnight.
Wipe off leftover glue and label remnants and wash bottle in soap and water to remove oil.
Use scissors or box cutter to cut the top and bottom off of the plastic bottle to create a clear plastic tube.
If you need a narrower tube, cut through the length of the bottle.
Trim away excess plastic and roll the rest into the tube size that you would like.
Hold edges together and heat with heat gun. This will melt the plastic edges together, securing the tube.
If you need to make a tube longer than a water bottle, you can make multiple tubes by following the above steps and then use the heat gun to fasten them together.
If you do not own a heat gun, you can also secure edges and tubes with tape or glue.
Heat guns get very hot, so use with caution. If you are doing this project with children, it is best for the adult to perform this step.
Box cutters are very sharp. If you are doing this project with children, it is best to use scissors and closely supervise the child or have an adult cut the plastic.
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2Crl3 is a hypoeutectoid steel. Raise the temperature to the austenite transformation temperature, hold it for a period of time to make its austenite nucleate more evenly, and then cool it rapidly. This process is called foreign fire. The MS of Crl3 stainless steel is 250-350 ° C according to the different C content, and 2Crl3 is 280 ° 0 according to the data. Figure 1.3 shows the general Austenite Isothermal Transformation Curve of Crl3 stainless steel. After the change of Cr content, the “C curve” shifts to the right, This is because CR reduces the sensitivity of cooling rate.
Generally speaking, the quenching temperature of 2Cr13 is about 100ctc, and the dissolution effect of carbides in the matrix at low temperature is not good, so that Cr and other alloy elements can not play a good solid solution strengthening, resulting in poor strong bremsstrahlung effect and corrosion resistance effect of 2Crl3, More seriously, the “carbide net” will separate and split the matrix structure, but when the temperature is about 105ctc, it may produce coarse crystal nucleus and improve the sensitivity to tempering brittleness, which we need to further study and discuss. However, the quenching temperature of high carbon content steels such as 3013 and 4Crl3 can be appropriately increased without coarse structure, because the increase of carbides improves the stability of the matrix, and high-temperature unmelted carbides prevent the growth of crystal nucleus.
Crl3 stainless steel also has good temper brittleness resistance on the premise of rich Cr content. The general high-temperature tempering temperature can also maintain good strong initial property, because the matrix structure is not completely recrystallized and the degree of alloying is high. The sorbite formed after high-temperature tempering has the martensite morphology of quenching structure, This is also a basis to look at the morphology and size of the original austenite. If the size of martensite is large, the grain size of the original austenite is also large, and the overheating is coarse and easy to see. Figure 1.4 shows the temperature at 920 ° C + LH
Compared with the microstructure diagram of 1050 ° C + LH pan fire, there is an obvious difference in the size of the original austenite grain. After heat at 1050 ° C, the austenite is coarse, and the martensite size is greater than 50 due to foreign fire μ m 。
Another situation may occur in 2Crl3 under high temperature quenching conditions, that is δ － The precipitation of ferrite and cooling form the mixture of carbide and austenite. This common eutectoid phenomenon in stainless steel is δ Eutectoid process δ － Ferrite precipitates carbides between austenite grain boundaries, δ－ Ferrite is unstable and transformed into austenite, adjacent to δ － Ferrite will also be unstable and transformed into austenite and carbide, which makes the film layer between carbide and austenite. The microstructure as shown in the figure is obtained by querying the data. All performance indexes of this kind of tissue decreased.
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Rich Dixon has spent a lot of time following maps. So when he questions them in today’s post, it’s worth paying attention.
I think a lot about compasses.
It’s weird, because I couldn’t tell you the last time I used a real, physical compass. On the other hand, we use lots of maps on our bike tours.
Start here. Follow this road. Turn there. We’ve learned the hard way that good maps make everything go more smoothly. Beginning with “a general idea of the route” is a recipe for a bad day.
However – life isn’t a bike tour, and that what’s got me thinking about compasses. Maps work great for trips on pre-defined roads. We get off course when we try to force a map onto a journey designed for a compass.
+ + +
Too often you and I treat Jesus like a map. We parse His words for turn-by-turn, red-letter instructions. I don’t think Jesus meant to provide those kinds of directions, because He so frequently used parables and phrases like “Follow Me” and “The kingdom of God is like…”
Those aren’t maps. They’re a compass. They point toward an eternal True North and invite us to use it to navigate our own circumstances.
Intentional or not, when we treat Jesus like a map we’re acting a bit like the religious leaders of Jesus’ day. We’re searching for ways to follow the directions while we ignore the entire purpose of the journey.
I recall from Boy Scouts that navigating by compass was frustrating. A detailed map with would have been much easier, but easy wasn’t the point. We were learning how to negotiate unknown terrain by referencing dependable, unchanging markers.
Jesus wanted to prepare us for unfamiliar terrain. So instead of a map, which becomes outdated as roads change, He gave us a set of eternal principles, a True North by which we can navigate even the most difficult, unexpected terrain.
Oh, and He promised He would always travel with us.
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Inside the Tsar-era prison in central Vilnius, a surreal display of lights and eerie music is part of an alternative Christmas venue, complete with a water-fountain Christmas tree and ominous, blinkering LED screens, light displays and interactive swings.
The prison closed in summer 2019, after serving its purpose across multiple generations, and under Tsarist, Nazi, and Soviet regimes, as well as during inter-war and present-day Lithuania.
Due to its history, some researchers compare Lukiškės to Rakowiecka prison in Warsaw or La Modelo in Barcelona. Both of these facilities were recently closed and converted to public spaces, according to Vilnius authorities.
In the prison’s 115-year history, various criminals, political prisoners, refugees, and important figures were incarcerated. These included Israel’s former prime minister and Nobel Peace Prize winner Menachem Begin, and the Lithuanian Independence Act signatory Jonas Vileišis among others.
Today, the prison’s closed walls protect its architectural heritage, artwork and extensive history. Since the prison was built in the time of the Russian Empire, the territory of the prison includes the Saint Nicholas Orthodox Church, adorned with paintings, carpets, and traditional icons, according to Vilnius City Council.
The prison complex also houses a medical facility, where General Adolfas Ramanauskas-Vanagas, a Lithuanian post-WW2 partisan commander maimed by the Soviet KGB interrogators, was treated.
You can visit the installation everyday from 16:00 to 22:00, from December 20, 2019 until January 5, 2020, The entrance is free.
The installation is closed on December 23-25, and also on December 30-31,
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What does “Catfish” have in common with cookies?
Max Joseph, the filmmaker and producer of “Catfish,” an MTV reality show that exposes people who lie about themselves online, is helping Israel-based monetization platform Perion promote its cookieless technology product, called SORT, with a satirical short film that highlights the perils of data collection on the internet and the great lengths one would have to go to in order to avoid it completely.
(For example, the protagonist turns off GPS in favor of paper maps, replaces dating apps with fax machines, burns off his fingertips and eventually chops off a limb and moves to Norway as a pirate in disguise. Anyway, it makes sense in context.)
The point is, people can’t be expected to write off technology as a means to protecting their personal privacy online.
Responsibility for data privacy protection should start with the companies that collect consumer data, Perion CEO Doron Gerstel told AdExchanger after a screening of the film in New York City this week.
(Although don’t judge Perion for the cookie permissions that still pop up on its own site – cookieless is a work in progress, after all.)
Perion first launched SORT in October. Rather than third-party cookies, the tool relies on contextual signals and user actions such as clickthrough rates (CTR) to determine which segments, so-called “smart groups,” are most likely to respond to display or video ads across any device.
Does contextual work?
The challenge is keeping the scale and performance of contextual on par with that of cookie-based targeting.
Although the scale of contextual is limited, “the more campaigns we run, the more granular contextual signals we [amass] and the more [advertising] budgets we attract,” Gerstel said.
Perion, which has run 125 campaigns for clients using SORT since its launch last year, found that the clickthrough rates for contextual campaigns were twice as high as third-party cookie-based campaigns. The contextual campaigns also generated higher return on ad spend.
But SORT also has a consumer-facing element.
Each ad served through SORT includes a logo at the bottom with three colored circles inside of a shield, meant to signify to users that the ad is safe to click because it won’t collect any personal data. It’s a bit like the blue verification check on Twitter, said Gerstel, who claims the symbol is part of what’s helping drive high CTRs.
And Perion doesn’t directly integrate SORT with other ad tech companies because it’s too risky from a data protection standpoint, he said.
For example, publishers are increasingly relying on “anonymized” identifiers, such as hashed emails. But hashed email-based IDs can still be used to identify an individual device, Gerstel said, which is problematic considering that they’re being positioned as a privacy-safe alternative to third-party cookies.
Gerstel said he questions the viability of solutions that are dependent on hashed IDs and emails, such as The Trade Desk’s UID 2.0.
Fishing for context
But even if Google wasn’t planning to end support for third-party cookies in Chrome, people have become a lot more aware of online data collection.
Joseph hatched his idea for the film about SORT based on his work producing MTV’s “Catfish,” a TV show about fake or misleading online relationships.
“Once we started the first season [in 2012] and told people what our new show was about, I knew this idea would strike a nerve,” said Joseph, who noted that being conned into an online relationship doesn’t only happen in romance. Brands do it with consumers all the time.
People tend to assume that others, including advertisers, have their best interests at heart, which isn’t always the case. And what users can do to protect their individual data is mostly limited to customizing the location and data tracking settings on their devices – which most people don’t take the time to do.
“There was an earlier version of the film that made fun of all the different customization settings available for tracking in the iPhone,” Joseph told AdExchanger. But early screeners said they didn’t use most of those settings, opting rather to opt out through the “Ask App Not To Track” modal.
Although the film is itself an ad for an ad tech product, albeit a cookieless one, Joseph said he hopes to raise data privacy awareness both with consumers and within the media and advertising industry.
Many publishers and brands have a direct relationship with customers – and therefore an obligation to respect user privacy.
Agencies, for one, are starting to get serious about testing privacy-safe solutions, including contextual targeting.
In the past, “we felt we did our due diligence with brand safety,” said Stephanie Ventura, an associate director of programmatic at MediaCom who was also at the film screening. User safety online wasn’t a priority.
“But now we also have to advise our clients on [complying with] the new privacy regulations coming out, including California’s CPRA and updates to iOS,” she said. “And we’re already testing contextual solutions to show clients that they work – we’re not waiting for doomsday.”
This article has been updated for accuracy.
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What Does it Mean to Foster a Dog?
fos· ter (def)
- encourage or promote the development of (something, typically something regarded as good).
- develop (a feeling or idea) in oneself.
- bring up (a child that is not one’s own by birth).
Why the formal definition?
We, at Stray Network, believe that when someone steps up and agrees to foster a dog, they meet both meanings of this word.
- A foster provides a dog in need with a loving home while a furrever home is found.
- A foster encourages and supports the physical, emotional and mental growth and development of the dog, (and furthers the rescue’s mission).
Often times, Stray Network will pull a dog from a high kill shelter where the dog in need has been scheduled to be euthanized We are often working under urgent conditions and short timelines. In many cases dogs are pulled the very same day they are scheduled to be euthanized, literately at the eleventh hour and just in the nick of time.
Stray Network and our family of fosters, steps in and takes that dog into our loving arms, so she can have a chance at life.
It is only by having willing and able foster volunteers that we are able to save the lives of these helpless dogs.
A Foster provides love and shelter to that dog, beginning a permanent stay of execution, and forever changing that dog’s world! It is an incredibly rewarding experience and at the same time a selfless act of giving. As the saying goes, a single foster may not be able to change the world, but for that dog the world has been forever changed.
We believe for more. We believe that together not only can we change the lives of countless dogs, we can change the world.
What a foster provides
Rescued dogs first need somewhere for them to stay once they are pulled off the street, from a “shelter”, or removed from horrible situations. They need a place to be safe, decompress and and begin to learn that people and the world can be beautiful.
The foster provides a temporary home as the dog(s) receive their medical exams, shots, spay/neuters and whatever else may be necessary to get them healthy and ready for their furrever home.
During this time the foster helps prepare the dog(s), medically, socially and emotionally for their future and furrever home. Fosters most importantly help by giving the dog(s) lots of love and a place to lay his head prior to heading off to his future!
Are you ready?
Are you ready to play an important part in saving a dog’s life?
Are you ready to make a difference?
Without fosters we can not save dogs!!!
Complete an application to become a Foster today!
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Düsseldorf Business School offers a 21-month part time master, which was designed for students who have graduated from university or an equivalent institution of higher education but do not have any formal education in economics or business administration. Due to its structure and schedule the part time master allows students to coordinate their work with their studies. Classes for the part time master are held on evenings of weekdays and on Saturday mornings.
The part time master in finance and business administration is made up of eight compulsory modules and two elective courses. The compulsory modules of the part time master are divided into four main sections with the first of these introducing students to the basics of business administration. The second section of the part time master deals with processes and financial management. The third and fourth sections examine value and environment as well as strategies and integration management respectively.
If you are enrolled for the part time master program, you are granted unlimited access to the University and State Library Düsseldorf, which is a large academic library known for its large collection of works from many fields of study.
Then you should visit our website http://www.duesseldorf-business-school.de and read all about our MBA programs.
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UPDATE: We are open for orders and advice. Most deliveries are still being made from stock. Some lead times are extended; contact us on 0117 244 4099 if you need an item quicker than the specified delivery time as we may be able to improve on this date. Thank you for your support!
All domestic properties create wastewater, from flushed toilets to drained sinks, to washing machines. All of this water goes into a wastewater system. If you have a property that cannot be connected to the mains sewage system, it is important to find an alternative, and getting a septic tank is one option. Another is to get a sewage treatment system.
Sewage treatment systems can be put anywhere that there is space and an electricity supply that can be used to power it. It works through a series of processes that cleanse the dirty water, resulting in water that is clean enough to be discharged into a drainage area, or even streams and ditches without causing any environmental harm.
There are three main parts to the treatment of sewage to make it clean enough to discharge into the local area. However, before the treatment begins, it is important to remove any larger items in the waste. Any materials that have the potential to block the system or pipes are removed – materials such as nappies, baby wipes, leaves, plastic, or sanitary products, for example.
The primary treatment refers to the first chamber in the sewage treatment system. The wastewater enters the chamber – or settlement tank – where the solids are allowed to settle on the bottom of the tank, and grease and oil rise to the top.
The grease and oil can normally then be scraped off the top of the water, whilst the sludge that has settled at the bottom can be gathered by scrapers and then disposed of.
The secondary treatment occurs in the next chamber of the system. The water that remains from the first chamber flows into the second. This water still contains pieces of sludge and particles that did not separate in the first phase.
In the second chamber, air is pumped into the water, which helps the bacteria that are present to break down any organic matter, cleaning the water. The more the bacteria break down, the cleaner and purer the water becomes. This is known as ‘aeration’.
There are other filtering processes that can be used instead of aeration – biofiltration – a process that uses sand, trickling, and contacting filters to ensure that any sediment is filtered out of the water, and oxidation ponds – often used in warmer climates and uses natural water bodies such as lagoons, passing the water through the lagoon and then retaining it for a few weeks afterwards, for example.
This is the most rigorous part of the water treating process.
The tertiary treatment is the final part of the water treatment process. It aims to remove any inorganic substances that are still present in the water. Viruses, bacteria, and substances like phosphorus and nitrogen can be removed and, if required, this step can be used to make the water suitable for drinking.
Once that the water is cleaned through a sewage treatment system, it can be discharged safely into local areas such as ditches, streams, and watercourses.
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With the passage of the bill in the National Assembly for the incorporation of Seoul National University in 2012, the SNU Department of English is under fire once again. Under the new system, all SNU departments will be reformed for greater efficiency, just like a commercial company. The English Department has much work to be done and still seems like a dinosaur: mammoth in size, hopelessly old-fashioned and highly inefficient. Hence, the once flourishing and much admired English Department is now facing an unprecedented crisis.
University administrators, for example, wonder why the English Department has to have so many faculty members. “Why does the English Department need a group of professors for each period and each genre?” they ask in suspicious tones. Indeed, it seems quite a luxury to have a specialist for 18th century British literature, one for the 19th century and another for the 20th century.
In the case of faculty members at the University of Tokyo, which has already been incorporated, their business cards carry titles such as Professor of English Fiction, Professor of English Poetry, or Professor of English Drama. Indeed, wouldn’t it be enough to have a specialist for each genre? Perhaps we may need one more expert on British literary theory. Then four faculty members would be enough to cover British literature, as well as four for American literature. Then the remaining 20 professors in the SNU English Department must be surplus men. At least, the administrators seem to believe so.
Meanwhile, students, too, do not hesitate to express their disappointment in the English Department. “We entered the English Department expecting to improve our English proficiency,” they complain, “but we find few courses that serve our intentions.” They also grumble, “We do not want to be specialists in 18th or 19th century British literature. What does it have to do with our future careers anyway?” After graduation, most English majors find jobs at private companies, secondary schools or government agencies. So they want to take practical English courses such as “English Conversation,” “English Composition” or “Business English,” all of which are not readily available in the English Department.
Company personnel offices criticize the English Department as well. They protest: “We hired English majors because we thought they could speak fluent English. But they could not say a word when foreign buyers came to us.” Naturally, companies want the English Department to train its students either as fluent speakers of English or as specialists in British and American culture. Unfortunately, the English Department seems to fail in both.
The Department of English also has enemies within SNU. With the rapid decline of enrollment in foreign languages, other language departments, especially the German and French departments, have been blaming the English Department for their unpopularity. “Only the English Department is flourishing in this age of crisis in the humanities,” they cry out in exasperation. “They sweep up all the incoming students and prosper while we suffer sharp decline.” They argue that students should learn European languages as well. In reality, however, students are only interested in learning English. The English Department is hardly responsible for such a phenomenon. Nevertheless, it has unwittingly become the target of other language departments’ jealousy and grudges.
These situations all seem to point to a fundamental question: “What is the identity of the English Department in Korea?”
Professors of English assert that they are not English language teachers and therefore the English Department is not a place where students learn conversational or business English. “If you want to improve your English proficiency,” mutter professors of English, “you should go to a hagwon (private academy), not to the English department.”
It is true that the English Department is not an English language institute. Nevertheless, we should consider the fact that our English Department is different from those of English-speaking countries, because English is not our native language. Accordingly, we need to modify our age-old curriculum and teaching methods to suit our unique situation. Some professors mistakenly insist that the sole aim of the English Department is to produce scholars of English literature. This may be true when it comes to graduate students, but certainly not of undergraduate students.
There may be a way to solve this dilemma and create a win-win situation. We can improve our students’ English skills and simultaneously serve the goals of liberal education by reading intermediate literary texts. Reading masterpieces written in English and discussing them in English will surely enable our students not only to improve their English proficiency, but also to experience intellectual adventures and cultural understanding
It would be inappropriate, indeed, if we forced our undergraduate students to take 18th or 19th century British literature. We should also offer a host of interesting courses which are helpful to our students, such as “Race, Gender and Identity in English Literature,” “Literature and Film” or “American Pop Culture.” Then we may be able to kill two birds with one stone, free from criticism.
By Kim Seong-kon
Kim Seong-kon, a professor of English at Seoul National University, is president of the Association of Korean University Presses. ― Ed.
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Download original image
Variations in the relative abundance of ciliate functional groups defined according to (A, B) life mode (sessile ciliates are represented by Heterotrichea, Peritrichia and Suctoria), (C, D) feeding type and (E, F) food acquisition mechanism during the spring (day 1–day 42) and summer (day 1–day 43) colonization period in the Lake Sakadaš.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.
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Society often considers February the month of sharing and expressing love. It should, after all, be done on a daily basis. To make the best out of this special day, I decided to share 6 ways you can prioritize your well-being during Valentine’s Day.
1. Don’t focus too much on ravish spending
Your love for someone doesn’t have to be measured based on expensive or flashy products you purchase for them. If you feel you can afford it, go for it; otherwise, save yourself from future stress this will bring. Your humble efforts to make the day special with simple gifts alone are worth a standing ovation, and a true loved one will be grateful for people like you.
2. Spend time with those you are comfortable with
As much as possible, just stay away from anyone or anything which brings you bad vibes. Make the day special with immeasurable and great memories from those you love, cherish, and admire. You deserve a dose of happiness on such a wonderful day like this.
3. Limit social media usage
On occasions like this, it’s no surprise to find people either sharing a luxurious gift they received or gifted someone they loved via their social channels. This gives some people the illusion that they aren’t doing enough for their loved ones. Social comparisons definitely have adverse effects on our mental health so it’s better to be safe than sorry.
4. Listen to music
Different types of music have unique effects on our overall mood. Some good, others, nothing good to write home about. Identify the one’s that give you happy vibes, curate a playlist if you want, and binge-listen as and when.
5. Get moving nevertheless
At times, the weather shows no mercy by ruining your fun outdoor plans. If that ever happens to be the case for you, brainstorm on some fun alternatives; you can try cooking or baking something you love, or even do a fun DIY indoors. Just try not to let idleness steal a large chunk of your time.
6. Have enough sleep
To end this, it will be really important to highlight the importance of rest by reminding you to have adequate sleep; without it, your day might just be ruined with mood imbalance like a rocking chair.
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You might also have your continuing education from regular college university. Take notice that the courses can’t be straight from college or division colleges. These are sometimes acknowledged as university extension or additional faculties. There are additionally group colleges that are design for adults who want to proceed their education. Basically, these are simply the continuation of what they have learned earlier than. This will not include introduction to any particular topics as a result of it’s understood that the coed has their degree of information to learn.
Lecturers which might be presently working in the college techniques are being confronted with challenges and obstacles day by day. With the appearance of latest challenges coming, we are offering the prospect for educators to expand their knowledge and increase their skills by reaching for the subsequent degree in their education.
Fundamental education continues for eight years.
Step Two Complete a Diploma Program Monitoring sufferers for any destructive reactions to treatment or remedy obtained Sadly most employers ignore staff who have private money administration issues as a result of they don’t notice the excessive cost of doing so. The truth is that workers’ personal monetary administration problems cost employers a lot of money.
Analysis requires you to take an trustworthy unbiased audit of your company and services / products you provide. How will you incorporate what you have been studying into your business to get a better return on investment? Spending the time to guage your self honestly will save you time within the next part. Address any excellent or lingering issues that could possibly be an impediment.
Let’s look a bit of deeper at these numbers.
When you’ve got by no means taken any early childhood courses you are in for an actual deal with. They’re enjoyable and eye opening. Lessons vary from baby psychology to curriculum planning. One of many nice benefits of taking programs is the fascinating stuff you’ll learn about young children. Conserving issues simple but inventive are all a part of studying about early childhood. Once you start taking the courses you’ll find the advantages spill over into different areas of your life. Early childhood improvement lays the foundation for instructing as a whole. Once you acquire your diploma, you’ll carry these foundations with you a lifetime.
The system that he’s introducing will let you create or start your personal business with out you quitting your current job. His educational system allows no interference in your each day routine. For just a few hours every week his system will allow you to generate income in a non demanding scenario. His educational system works well even with your busy schedules or in your hectic job. His web educational system proves to be working.
Be sure to talk to friends and family and see if anybody you understand has gone to highschool online. A recommendation from a successful graduate is a good place to start out. Double test that the school you are contemplating is an accredited establishment and that you’ll transfer the items you earn must you decide to.
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August is here, the new school year is about to begin, if it hasn’t already. Take some time as a family to try some new activities!
- Gather Flowers: The August flower is the Gladiolus. The meaning of the August Birth Flower is
sincerity and symbolizes strength of character.
- Visit an Art museum: Or create your own master pieces as a family and share some art history with your kids- it’s American Artist Appreciation Month!
- Have an Adventure: Get out as a family and have a great adventure this month is American Adventures Month!
- Make a Happy List: August is also Happiness Happens Month. Gather the family and make a list of all the things that make you happy! http://sohp.com/society-celebrations/happiness-happens-month/
- Free Kids Workshops: Every other week, some of the major home improvement stores offer free kids workshops where kids can not only build a free project (that typically involves hammers, paint and stickers…or some combination of them all!), but will also receive an apron and certificate of completion.
- Watch a movie a new way: take the kids to a drive in theater.
- Encourage physical activity: go swimming, biking, hiking or just put on some music and dance!
- Create your own Shark tank: August 10th is the start of shark week. Learn all about these majestic animals and make some crafts to go along! (FIND SHARK WEEK CRAFTS).
- Squeeze Summer’s Last Drop: “National Lemonade Day” is Aug. 20th, have a lemonade stand or experiment with making your own flavors to celebrate!
- Be creative in the Kitchen: Who doesn’t love making banana splits? August 25th is national banana split day, the perfect day to set up a table with toppings and let your kids have fun creating and eating!
- Glow in the Dark: This recipe for glow in the dark slime is sure to incite lots of science and creative talk at home! – http://domesticcharm.blogspot.com/2011/10/glow-in-dark-slime.html
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The documentary filmmakers need to make several casting decisions. These include deciding who to cast, what they will do, and why. Even though the people in the documentary won’t be ‘acting’ like the normal films, but you will still need to take their auditions. So, the casting process is not easy. Here are some tips for casting your documentary.
The best documentary films wouldn’t exist if it wasn’t for the brilliant casting. If it’s an archival documentary like the civil rights movement of America, then you need to interview those who took part in that movement.
If the incident took place years back and you can’t get those people, then you can find various records about them like diaries or letters. You must then look for actors who will read their words with their voices.
Sometimes, a cast is needed to exemplify themes that the filmmaker wants to explore. For example, if you want to make a film about how an academic program can help children living in poverty, then you need to cast children from the lower-income group for your film. You need to find a family who is struggling to give proper education to their children.
When you pick scholars to talk about a topic relating to your film, you should do thorough research. Don’t just include the bit of the interview that is relatable to your story. Choose a scholar who fits the storyline.
If your story is about any controversial issue, then don’t just present the opposing sides. If two opposing sides talk past one another then the audiences won’t understand anything. It will misrepresent the issue.
If, for example, the majority of people give one view and only a few give the opposite view, and you allocate equal time for both sides then it will give the wrong message to the audiences.
To learn more about casting, you must watch more documentary films. That way you will understand the roles the featured characters play in the film. You must spend a lot of time casting. Otherwise, wrong casting may ruin your film. With good casting and storyline, your documentary film will be loved by many people.
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Everyone has a different point in their day where they are most productive. Sometimes you can create a productive block of time to work by paying attention to how your body functions and what it takes to get you to peak performance.
Many of the most productive people in the world do a great deal of work before others even wake up. I am not naturally a morning person, but I’ve found that capturing morning hours can be very very productive. If I get up early and start working at 5, I can be three or four hours into my day before the rest of the world even starts logging on to their computers.
It can be hard to be fully functional at five in the morning if you aren’t geared that way naturally.
But with a little effort you can learn what it takes to get you quickly to your peak performance. For me, if I get up, spend 15 to 30 minutes exercising, eat something healthy and then take a shower, I’ll be pretty much at my peak. If it is dark outside, making sure that I’m in a well lit area helps, as well.
Personally, the exercising thing works pretty well to clear my head and get me back where I can focus. If I exercise again in the late afternoon, I’m good for another 4 or 6 hours of work. For some people, they may be able to get to their peak productivity by drinking a cup of coffee or taking a shower with caffeinated soap (I’m not joking. It is really a product.)
The point is to figure out what you have to do to make your mind work at its best. This may take some time experimenting to find out what works best, but the results are well worth it.
Originally published June 5, 2oo7.
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Umoja is the first principle of Kwanzaa and means unity in Swahili, the Caribbean Cultural Center African Diaspora Institute notes in announcing their virtual “Umoja: A Year-End Celebration Of Our People’s Unity.”
“Unity is at the core of who we are as a community and reminds us of the importance of togetherness in our families, neighborhoods, nation, and the Diaspora, even if togetherness means gathering in the digital space as it has for us throughout much of this year,” CCCADI notes in their statement about the event.
“Before we welcome in 2022, let’s come together virtually once again and enjoy highlights from some of our 2021 musical presentations! Our program will feature performances from Rue Brown, Soul Science Lab, Cvgebird, Banda DNA Urbano and from the talented musicians showcased in our Sacred Traditions: El Nuevo Oro program.”
This celebration will also feature a Kwanzaa table-setting demonstration and introduction to the seven principles led by CCCADI Alumna Fatima Logan Alston.
You can view their Umoja celebration on their website on Dec. 26, 2021 at 7 p.m. (EST). The program will also be available on CCCADI’s Facebook and YouTube channels.
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Peters First Nation’s three-member band council were allocated hundreds of thousands of dollars over a two-year period to operate a band with 12 homes on 131 hectares and little infrastructure.
The money was much more than what band council claimed to Indigenous Affairs from 2013 to 2015 according to the First Nations Transparency Act.
But the money just didn’t go to council.
It was also allocated to members who are known to vote for council every two years. A close look at the finances over those years indicate that over 90 per cent of all expenditures to band members went to those who voted for council.
This happened while the British Columbia reserve was in a bitter membership battle that continues to this day on a nation that receives around $300,000 in annual funding from Indigenous Affairs.
But it doesn’t end there.
Documents show questionable payments not only to the children of council but one of their mothers received tens of thousands in social assistance and allegedly didn’t qualify, while one councillor had over 10 jobs, an APTN National News investigation has uncovered.
A recent audit uncovered that the band kept little paper trail of supporting documents for social assistance, and council members were signing cheques over to themselves, all of which the auditor said opened the band to the potential for “inappropriate payments” during the fiscal year of 2014/2015.
Indigenous Affairs (INAC) approved the audit without question.
More so, Indigenous Affairs funded the National Child Benefit program that year without any supporting documents, asking the band to submit details of how the money would be spent later.
That was just one of the many programs led by Victoria Peters, a longtime councillor who is also – to name a few – the band manager, bookkeeper, income assistance administrator, community health representative, on the membership committee, accounts payable/receivable and social worker.
Chief Norma Webb has refused to comment directly on any part of APTN’s investigation supported by confidential ledgers, audits, band council resolutions, internal emails, INAC documents and interviews with band members spanning more than three months.
APTN has also been following two court cases involving Peters band council where band members are suing the council for breaching its fiduciary duty by allegedly misusing band money, not keeping records and appointing themselves to all the jobs.
The band council, at the same time, is trying to enforce an injunction to have “confidential” documents returned to the office, alleging former employee Frances Genaille and her son, Andrew stole them and, in part, are using the documents against council to seek INAC to investigate the band council.
“Andrew has disclosed confidential information regarding the Peters social assistance program that could only have been obtained from Peters’ files,” wrote the band council recently in its petition for an injunction. “INAC has requested an immediate review of Peters social assistance program as a result.”
Andrew Genaille wrote to INAC March 20 alleging former councillor Leanne Peters’ mother, Donna Peters, had been receiving social assistance since 2011 and didn’t qualify.
“Donna Peters owns her own home,” he wrote. “Donna Peters husband, Clifford Peters, already receives disability. Clifford Peters also receives a paycheque from Peters First Nations. Donna Peters is Leanne Peters mother, and sister in law to both Victoria Peters and Norma Webb.”
Victoria Peters used that email to amend Peters’ petition for an injunction two weeks ago, that was first filed last November.
APTN can confirm between 2012 and 2015 Donna Peters received all the social assistance funding – about $12,000 annually – based on the band council’s ledgers for those years. APTN can also confirm Clifford Peters received about $9,000 a year from the band during that time partially for odd jobs, like snow removal.
When APTN called the home of Donna and Clifford Peters, Donna answered and quickly hung up when asked about the payments.
Peters also refused to comment on the allegations. Webb first said she couldn’t comment because the documents were stolen, then suggested they may be fabricated and demanded to know APTN’s source of information.
APTN informed Webb the ledgers showing the allocations were, at the very least, with their accountant who prepared them, as APTN has emails the accountant sent council during those years. The emails had digital copies of the ledgers as attachments.
INAC was also told by another member of the band in March that she was aware that other people were being denied social assistance.
“Due to all of the court proceeding in progress at the Band Level, this was used to deny access to the social program delivery at the request of Peters Band Members,” wrote Samantha Peters to INAC. “I would like it noted on record that Victoria is getting paid to deliver a program that nobody seems to have access to.”
APTN is unaware of where Indigenous Affairs is with its investigation into the social assistance program but INAC has appointed a financial investigator in Ottawa to assist the Vancouver regional office.
Samantha Peters has been a thorn in the side of council since 2012 when she first began fighting for 66 people to become members of the band. The majority had status through Peters but were not members and not has been approved for membership, including children of current band members.
But it’s been a fight that started much earlier and has been happening since Peters got control over its membership through Section 10 of the Indian Act about 30 years ago.
Council is accused of limiting membership since 1987, thus staying in power all these years as Peters band is basically one big family – everyone is related, yet don’t get along.
It’s divided the nation, just not evenly as the one side has had the votes to stay in power leaving Samantha Peters’ side of the family, about 18 members, on the outside, as previously reported by APTN.
A review of the ledgers between 2012 and 2015, show the lion’s share of funding those years went to members who are known to vote for council.
In fact, in the 2014/15 fiscal year 93.1 per cent of funding, just under $500,000, went to council, their families and those who voted for them.
The fiscal year before that it was 91.2 per cent of about $400,000 in funding.
On top of the funding from INAC, Peters band also receives money for health and payments for hydro and forestry. APTN has learned the band council was able to draw from other revenue and trust accounts to make up for deficits, like in 2013-14 when it pulled about $285,000 from the accounts according to a band council resolution and an email from their accountant.
Some members who voted for council are said, according to court documents, to allegedly received “questionable payments”.
Andrew Genaille, a filmmaker and writer, and his sister Lisa Genaille, who is taking steps to start medical school, are suing the band for “misusing their powers” by allegedly appointing themselves to paid positions, refusing band members “equitable access” to resources and receiving inappropriate payments.
Both were once close to the council and describe growing up in the band office as their mother, Frances Genaille, worked there for three decades as the assistant band administrator until late last year when she was fired. She is suing the band for wrongful dismissal.
The siblings were so close to council that when it received 66 membership applications in 2013 council hired the siblings to review the applicants.
Lisa and Andrew say when they got access to all the band’s files and they learned how the band was allegedly being operated.
“The band’s archives and record keeping were done very poorly and were very disorganized,” Andrew alleges in court, saying he was given “unlimited access” to files.
He tried to hold council accountable but it didn’t last long.
“Once I began questioning Victoria Peters about questionable payments being made,” Andrew details in an affidavit, “she would not provide answers to any of my questions and I was no longer allowed access to the archives.”
Those questionable payments allegedly include money going to Victoria Peters, as a review of the ledgers show she was allocated much more than what she claimed to INAC in the band’s annual audits.
Victoria Peters claimed about $90,000 in salary and $8,000 in expenses but a review of the ledger that year shows she was allocated closer to $170,000, while Webb claimed $35,000 and was allocated $63,000. Leanne Peters claimed $12,000 and was allocated $17,000.
In the 2013/14 fiscal year, Victoria Peters claimed $88,000 while the ledgers shows she allocated $142,000. Webb claimed $24,000 and was allocated $53,000. Leanne claimed $6,000 and was allocated $9,000.
Various programs Victoria Peters was in charge of saw her collect large sums but when asked about them Victoria Peters refused to respond.
One of the questions was about allocations made to one of her children, a minor – one was for hundreds of dollars for “rent” and $6,000 under the National Native Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program and another $15,000 was allocated to Victoria from a total budget of $31,000.
APTN has been told there is nothing to suggest the child qualified for the funding and Victoria Peters refused to comment when asked.
Victoria Peters also controlled a large budget co-funded by the First Nations Health Authority and INAC.
In 2014/15, the band council received about $140,000 in funding under the FNHA and $70,000 was allocated to Victoria Peters, while the majority of the rest was allocated to people who vote for council and just under $8,000 went to families known to vote against council.
Victoria Peters would not respond to questions about her qualifications to hold the position or why she was claiming so much money from the programs.
That same year the Peters band had its books audited by a firm in Chilliwack, B.C. who found a list of issues with Victoria Peters’ bookkeeping.
“Supporting documents for social assistance and payroll transactions are weak,” wrote the firm MNP after an audit of the bands books. “Cheque requisition forms should be used to show evidence of council approval for social assistance and payroll expenditures.”
MNP also found that social assistance reporting to INAC was not consistent with “actual expenditures incurred.”
Program reimbursement forms and invoices didn’t have signed authorization of chief and council and complete budget information was not prepared for all band operations.
“Expense approval process and supporting documentation is weak which could result in inappropriate payments,” wrote MNP. “In addition, insufficient processes and controls results in increased audit work.”
MNP also had a problem with people receiving payments from the band that had cheque-signing authority, which was Victoria Peters and Chief Norma Webb.
“Recipients of payments who have cheque signing authority should not sign cheques made out to themselves,” the auditor wrote. “Cheques should be signed by authorized individuals who are not also the payee on the cheque.”
Meanwhile, the two elders on Peters say are not surprised by APTN’s investigation.
“We’ve known this for 30 years,” said Robert Peters Jr., whose son is currently before the Federal Court of Canada asking the court to appoint him as a member as council rejected him.
“It’s just awful how they treat people.”
His brother, Ed Peters, 74, is the eldest and his children are not members either as their applications were part of the 66 that were denied. They are members of the Seabird Island First Nation just across the Fraser River.
“We just want it to be fair for everyone,” said Ed Peters, adding he believes council is fueled by “greed.”
He also said jobs Victoria Peters holds, and all others held by Webb and former councillor Leanne Peters, were never posted to for everyone to apply.
“My daughter is the financial advisor for Seabird. She could run the finances at Peters but she never got the chance,” he said.
Samantha Peters also had to look for work at a different nearby First Nation where she works in the forestry sector of the band. Peters has logging rights to land and Samantha said she’s never been approached to help the band.
“On more than one occasion I have openly extended an invitation to chief and council to help with negotiations, agreements, forestry, resources,” she said. “I never heard back from them.”
She said there are a number of qualified people from Peters with various expertise but are not included.
“They use their own personal discretion too often and it’s unprofessional and it costs the band money,” said Samantha. “This is what they learned and it’s dangerous.”
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Food safety hazards can occur at any stage in the food chain and the consequences to consumers can be severe. The development of ISO’s food safety management standards helps organizations to identify and control these hazards. Applying an internationally recognized Food Safety Management System (FSMS) and conducting audits of FSMS, will help you reduce organizational risk, increase customer satisfaction and acquire a competitive advantage.
Gain the knowledge and skills to audit your company’s Food Safety Management System with our Lead Auditor ISO 22000 training course.
This online course covers the principles of ISO 22000 FSMS, how they are implemented and the methods used to effectively conduct an audit of FSMS of an organisation.
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Degree Granting Department
Gregory Milton, Ph.D.
Giovanna Benadusi, Ph.D.
Thomas Williams, Ph.D.
Aragon, Biblical Allusions, Political Capital, Warrior King, Pedro I of Castile
Pere III of Catalonia (1319-1387) began his reign in 1336. As count-king, he reigned over Aragon, Catalonia, and Valencia. The Chronicle of Pere III of Catalonia covers the years 1319-1369, fifty years of a nearly seventy year life. Pere wrote this chronicle in collaboration with his chancery office. Bernat Descoll was the main contributor from the chancery, and he consulted with the king as he wrote it. The chronicle reflects spiritual justifications for actions that occurred during Pere's reign, such as his conflict with the Uniòns of Aragon and Valencia, as well as his conflict with Pedro I of Castile. In the prologue to the chronicle, Pere compares both himself and Catalonia to several events in the reign of King David of Israel. References to Biblical kings are not featured in the rest of the chronicle; however, there are many general spiritual references to God. It is my contention that Pere chose to emulate David becauseDavid was a highly respected Biblical king, as well as the fact that David's history as a warrior could be used to spiritually justify the military actions of Pere. I will seek to prove this by reviewing ancient and medieval interpretations of David's reign, and by analyzing both the representations of David in the prologue and Pere's religious references in the main text of the chronicle. This study shows that Pere used the idea of King David in an aberrant way to serve his own purposes. Prior to Pere's usage, David typically served as an example of a humble, righteous, servant king in political and theological works, not the righteous warrior king that Pere co-opts to justify his reign.
Scholar Commons Citation
Cook, Marrissa Lynne, "A Tale of Two Kings: The Use of King David in the Chronicle of Pere III of Catalonia" (2011). USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations.
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Here is, I. The preparation for Jacob's funeral, ver 1-6. II. The funeral itself, ver 7-14. III. The settling of a good understanding between Joseph and his brethren after the death of Jacob, ver 15-21. IV. The age and death of Joseph, ver 22-26. Thus the book of Genesis, which began with the origin of light and life, ends with nothing but death and darkness; so sad a change has sin made.
The Burial of Jacob (1689 B.C.)
1 And Joseph fell upon his father's face, and wept upon him, and kissed him. 2 And Joseph commanded his servants the physicians to embalm his father: and the physicians embalmed Israel. 3 And forty days were fulfilled for him; for so are fulfilled the days of those which are embalmed: and the Egyptians mourned for him threescore and ten days. 4 And when the days of his mourning were past, Joseph spake unto the house of Pharaoh, saying, If now I have found grace in your eyes, speak, I pray you, in the ears of Pharaoh, saying, 5 My father made me swear, saying, Lo, I die: in my grave which I have digged for me in the land of Canaan, there shalt thou bury me. Now therefore let me go up, I pray thee, and bury my father, and I will come again. 6 And Pharaoh said, Go up, and bury thy father, according as he made thee swear.
Joseph is here paying his last respects to his deceased father. 1. With tears and kisses, and all the tender expressions of a filial affection, he takes leave of the deserted body, v. 1. Though Jacob was old and decrepit, and must needs die in the course of nature—though he was poor comparatively, and a constant charge to his son Joseph, yet such an affection he had for a loving father, and so sensible was he of the loss of a prudent, pious, praying father, that he could not part with him without floods of tears. Note, As it is an honour to die lamented, so it is the duty of survivors to lament the death of those who have been useful in their day, though for some time they may have survived their usefulness. The departed soul is out of the reach of our tears and kisses, but with them it is proper to show our respect to the poor body, of which we look for a glorious and joyful resurrection. Thus Joseph showed his faith in God, and love to his father, by kissing his pale and cold lips, and so giving an affectionate farewell. Probably the rest of Jacob's sons did the same, much moved, no doubt, with his dying words. 2. He ordered the body to be embalmed (v. 2), not only because he died in Egypt, and that was the manner of the Egyptians, but because he was to be carried to Canaan, which would be a work of time, and therefore it was necessary the body should be preserved as well as it might be from putrefaction. See how vile our bodies are, when the soul has forsaken them; without a great deal of art, and pains, and care, they will, in a very little time, become noisome. If the body have been dead four days, by that time it is offensive. 3. He observed the ceremony of solemn mourning for him, v. 3. Forty days were taken up in embalming the body, which the Egyptians (they say) had an art of doing so curiously as to preserve the very features of the face unchanged; all this time, and thirty days more, seventy in all, they either confined themselves and sat solitary, or, when they went out, appeared in the habit of close mourners, according to the decent custom of the country. Even the Egyptians, many of them, out of the great respect they had for Joseph (whose good offices done for the king and country were now fresh in remembrance), put themselves into mourning for his father: as with us, when the court goes into mourning, those of the best quality do so too. About ten weeks was the court of Egypt in mourning for Jacob. Note, What they did in state, we should do in sincerity, weep with those that weep, and mourn with those that mourn, as being ourselves also in the body. 4. He asked and obtained leave of Pharaoh to go to Canaan, thither to attend the funeral of his father, v. 4-6. (1.) It was a piece of necessary respect to Pharaoh that he would not go without leave; for we may suppose that, though his charge about the corn was long since over, yet he continued a prime-minister of state, and therefore would not be so long absent from his business without licence. (2.) He observed a decorum, in employing some of the royal family, or some of the officers of the household, to intercede for this licence, either because it was not proper for him in the days of his mourning to come into the presence-chamber, or because he would not presume too much upon his own interest. Note, Modesty is a great ornament to dignity. (3.) He pleaded the obligation his father had laid upon him, by an oath, to bury him in Canaan, v. 5. It was not from pride or humour, but from his regard to an indispensable duty, that he desired it. All nations reckon that oaths must be performed, and the will of the dead must be observed. (4.) He promised to return: I will come again. When we return to our own houses from burying the bodies of our relations, we say, "We have left them behind;" but, if their souls have gone to our heavenly Father's house, we may say with more reason, "They have left us behind." (5.) He obtained leave (v. 6): Go and bury thy father. Pharaoh was willing his business should stand still so long; but the service of Christ is more needful, and therefore he would not allow one that had work to do for him to go first and bury his father; no, Let the dead bury their dead, Matt 8 22.
7 And Joseph went up to bury his father: and with him went up all the servants of Pharaoh, the elders of his house, and all the elders of the land of Egypt, 8 And all the house of Joseph, and his brethren, and his father's house: only their little ones, and their flocks, and their herds, they left in the land of Goshen. 9 And there went up with him both chariots and horsemen: and it was a very great company. 10 And they came to the threshingfloor of Atad, which is beyond Jordan, and there they mourned with a great and very sore lamentation: and he made a mourning for his father seven days. 11 And when the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites, saw the mourning in the floor of Atad, they said, This is a grievous mourning to the Egyptians: wherefore the name of it was called Abel-mizraim, which is beyond Jordan. 12 And his sons did unto him according as he commanded them: 13 For his sons carried him into the land of Canaan, and buried him in the cave of the field of Machpelah, which Abraham bought with the field for a possession of a buryingplace of Ephron the Hittite, before Mamre. 14 And Joseph returned into Egypt, he, and his brethren, and all that went up with him to bury his father, after he had buried his father.
We have here an account of Jacob's funeral. Of the funerals of the kings of Judah, usually, no more is said than this, They were buried with their fathers in the city of David: but the funeral of the patriarch Jacob is more largely and fully described, to show how much better God was to him than he expected (he had spoken more than once of dying for grief, and going to the grave bereaved of his children, but, behold, he dies in honour, and is followed to the grave by all his children), and also because his orders concerning his burial were given and observed in faith, and in expectation both of the earthly and of the heavenly Canaan. Now, 1. It was a stately funeral. He was attended to the grave, not only by his own family, but by the courtiers, and all the great men of the kingdom, who, in token of their gratitude to Joseph, showed this respect to his father for his sake, and did him honour at his death. Though the Egyptians had had an antipathy to the Hebrews, and had looked upon them with disdain (ch. 43 32), yet now, that they were better acquainted with them, they began to have a respect for them. Good old Jacob had conducted himself so well among them as to gain universal esteem. Note, Professors of religion should endeavour, by wisdom and love, to remove the prejudices which many may have conceived against them because they do not know them. There went abundance of chariots and horsemen, not only to attend them a little way, but to go through with them. Note, The decent solemnities of funerals, according to a man's situation, are very commendable; and we must not say of them, To what purpose is this waste? See Acts 8 2; Luke 7 12. 2. It was a sorrowful funeral (v. 10, 11); standers-by took notice of it as a grievous mourning. Note, The death of good men is a great loss to any place, and ought to be greatly lamented. Stephen dies a martyr, and yet devout men make great lamentations for him. The solemn mourning for Jacob gave a name to the place, Abel-Mizraim, the mourning of the Egyptians, which served for a testimony against the next generation of the Egyptians, who oppressed the posterity of this Jacob to whom their ancestors showed such respect.
Joseph Comforts His Brethren (1689 B.C.)
15 And when Joseph's brethren saw that their father was dead, they said, Joseph will peradventure hate us, and will certainly requite us all the evil which we did unto him. 16 And they sent a messenger unto Joseph, saying, Thy father did command before he died, saying, 17 So shall ye say unto Joseph, Forgive, I pray thee now, the trespass of thy brethren, and their sin; for they did unto thee evil: and now, we pray thee, forgive the trespass of the servants of the God of thy father. And Joseph wept when they spake unto him. 18 And his brethren also went and fell down before his face; and they said, Behold, we be thy servants. 19 And Joseph said unto them, Fear not: for am I in the place of God? 20 But as for you, ye thought evil against me; but God meant it unto good, to bring to pass, as it is this day, to save much people alive. 21 Now therefore fear ye not: I will nourish you, and your little ones. And he comforted them, and spake kindly unto them.
We have here the settling of a good correspondence between Joseph and his brethren, now that their father was dead. Joseph was at court, in the royal city; his brethren were in Goshen, remote in the country; yet the keeping up of a good understanding, and a good affection, between them, would be both his honour and their interest. Note, When Providence has removed the parents by death, the best methods ought to be taken, not only for the preventing of quarrels among the children (which often happen about the dividing of the estate), but for the preserving of acquaintance and love, that unity may continue even when that centre of unity is taken away.
I. Joseph's brethren humbly make their court to him for his favour. 1. They began to be jealous of Joseph, not that he had given them any cause to be so, but the consciousness of guilt, and of their own inability in such a case to forgive and forget, made them suspicious of the sincerity and constancy of Joseph's favour (v. 15): Joseph will peradventure hate us. While their father lived, they thought themselves safe under his shadow; but now that he was dead they feared the worst from Joseph. Note, A guilty conscience exposes men to continual frights, even where no fear is, and makes them suspicious of every body, as Cain, ch. 4 14. Those that would be fearless must keep themselves guiltless. If our heart reproach us not, then have we confidence both towards God and man. 2. They humbled themselves before him, confessed their fault, and begged his pardon. They did it by proxy (v. 17); they did it in person, v. 18. Now that the sun and moon had set, the eleven stars did homage to Joseph, for the further accomplishment of his dream. They speak of their former offence with fresh regret: Forgive the trespass. They throw themselves at Joseph's feet, and refer themselves to his mercy: We are thy servants. Thus we must bewail the sins we committed long ago, even those which we hope through grace are forgiven; and, when we pray to God for pardon, we must promise to be his servants. 3. They pleaded their relation to Jacob and to Jacob's God. (1.) To Jacob, urging that he directed them to make this submission, rather because he questioned whether they would do their duty in humbling themselves than because he questioned whether Joseph would do his duty in forgiving them; nor could he reasonably expect Joseph's kindness to them unless they thus qualified themselves for it (v. 16): Thy father did command. Thus, in humbling ourselves to Christ by faith and repentance, we may plead that it is the command of his Father, and our Father, that we do so. (2.) To Jacob's God. They plead (v. 17), We are theservants of the God of thy father; not only children of the same Jacob, but worshippers of the same Jehovah. Note, Though we must be ready to forgive all that are any way injurious to us, yet we must especially take heed of bearing malice towards any that are the servants of the God of our father: such we should always treat with a peculiar tenderness; for we and they have the same Master.
II. Joseph, with a great deal of compassion, confirms his reconciliation and affection to them; his compassion appears, v. 17. He wept when they spoke to him. These were tears of sorrow for their suspicion of him, and tears of tenderness upon their submission. In his reply, 1. He directs them to look up to God in their repentance (v. 19): Am I in the place of God? He, in his great humility, thought they showed him too much respect, as if all their happiness were bound up in his favour, and said to them, in effect, as Peter to Cornelius, "Stand up, I myself also am a man. Make your peace with God, and then you will find it an easy matter to make your peace with me." Note, When we ask forgiveness of those whom we have offended we must take heed of putting them in the place of God, by dreading their wrath and soliciting their favour more than God's. "Am I in the place of God, to whom alone vengeance belongs? No, I will leave you to his mercy." Those that avenge themselves step into the place of God, Rom 12 19. 2. He extenuates their fault, from the consideration of the great good which God wonderfully brought out of it, which, though it should not make them the less sorry for their sin, yet might make him the more willing to forgive it (v. 20): You thought evil (to disappoint the dreams), but God meant it unto good, in order to the fulfilling of the dreams, and the making of Joseph a greater blessing to his family than otherwise he could have been. Note, when God makes use of men's agency for the performance of his counsels, it is common for him to mean one thing and them another, even the quite contrary, but God's counsel shall stand. See Isa 10 7. Again, God often brings good out of evil, and promotes the designs of his providence even by the sins of men; not that he is the author of sin, far be it from us to think so; but his infinite wisdom so overrules events, and directs the chain of them, that, in the issue, that ends in his praise which in its own nature had a direct tendency to his dishonour; as the putting of Christ to death, Acts 2 23. This does not make sin the less sinful, nor sinners the less punishable, but it redounds greatly to the glory of God's wisdom. 3. He assures them of the continuance of his kindness to them: Fear not; I will nourish you, v. 21. See what an excellent spirit Joseph was of, and learn of him to render good for evil. He did not tell them they were upon their good behaviour, and he would be kind to them if he saw they conducted themselves well; no, he would not thus hold them in suspense, nor seem jealous of them, though they had been suspicious of him: He comforted them, and, to banish all their fears, he spoke kindly to them. Note, Broken spirits must be bound up and encouraged. Those we love and forgive we must not only do well for but speak kindly to.
The Death of Joseph (1635 B.C.)
22 And Joseph dwelt in Egypt, he, and his father's house: and Joseph lived an hundred and ten years. 23 And Joseph saw Ephraim's children of the third generation: the children also of Machir the son of Manasseh were brought up upon Joseph's knees. 24 And Joseph said unto his brethren, I die: and God will surely visit you, and bring you out of this land unto the land which he sware to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob. 25 And Joseph took an oath of the children of Israel, saying, God will surely visit you, and ye shall carry up my bones from hence. 26 So Joseph died, being an hundred and ten years old: and they embalmed him, and he was put in a coffin in Egypt.
Here is, I. The prolonging of Joseph's life in Egypt: he lived to be a hundred and ten years old, v. 22. Having honoured his father, his days were long in the land which, for the present, God had given him; and it was a great mercy to his relations that God continued him so long, a support and comfort to them.
II. The building up of Joseph's family: he lived to see his great-grand-children by both his sons (v. 23), and probably he saw his two sons solemnly owned as heads of distinct tribes, equal to any of his brethren. It contributes much to the comfort of aged parents if they see their posterity in a flourishing condition, especially if with it they see peace upon Israel, Ps 128 6.
III. The last will and testament of Joseph published in the presence of his brethren, when he saw his death approaching. Those that were properly his brethren perhaps were some of them dead before him, as several of them were older than he; but to those of them who yet survived, and to the sons of those who were gone, who stood up in their fathers' stead, he said this. 1. He comforted them with the assurance of their return to Canaan in due time: I die, but God will surely visit you, v. 24. To this purport Jacob had spoken to him, ch. 48 21. Thus must we comfort others with the same comforts with which we ourselves have been comforted of God, and encourage them to rest on those promises which have been our support. Joseph was, under God, both the protector and the benefactor of his brethren; and what would become of them now that he was dying? Why, let this be their comfort, God will surely visit you. Note, God's gracious visits will serve to make up the loss of our best friends. They die; but we may live, and live comfortably, if we have the favour and presence of God with us. He bids them be confident: God will bring you out of this land, and therefore, (1.) They must not hope to settle there, nor look upon it as their rest for ever; they must set their hearts upon the land of promise, and call that their home. (2.) They must not fear sinking, and being ruined there; probably he foresaw the ill usage they would meet with there after his death, and therefore gives them this word of encouragement: "God will bring you in triumph out of this land at last." Herein he has an eye to the promise, ch. 15 13, 14, and, in God's name, assures them of the performance of it. 2. For a confession of his own faith, and a confirmation of theirs, he charges them to keep him unburied till that day, that glorious day, should come, when they should be settled in the land of promise, v. 25. He makes them promise him with an oath that they would bury him in Canaan. In Egypt they buried their great men very honourably and with abundance of pomp; but Joseph prefers a significant burial in Canaan, and that deferred too almost 200 years, before a magnificent one in Egypt. Thus Joseph, by faith in the doctrine of the resurrection and the promise of Canaan, gave commandment concerning his bones, Heb 11 22. He dies in Egypt; but lays his bones at stake that God will surely visit Israel, and bring them to Canaan.
IV. The death of Joseph, and the reservation of his body for a burial in Canaan, v. 26. He was put in a coffin in Egypt, but not buried till his children had received their inheritance in Canaan, Josh 24 32. Note, 1. If the separate soul, at death, do but return to its rest with God, the matter is not great though the deserted body find not at all, or not quickly, its rest in the grave. 2. Yet care ought to be taken of the dead bodies of the saints, in the belief of their resurrection; for there is a covenant with the dust, which shall be remembered, and a commandment is given concerning the bones.
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|Battery Life||4,000 cyclesℹ|
|Charge Time||3 hours|
The PCX Electric is a electric scooter from the famous Japanese brand Honda.
The PCX Electric has a 4,200 watt electric motor for a top speed of 37 mph. The speed of the scooter can be limited to 31 mph.
The scooter has two of Honda’s latest swappable lithium batteries. The batteries provide a range of 25 miles.
The batteries can be shared between many vehicles and robots and can be swapped in seconds in special vending machines provided by Honda. Honda also provides several mobile battery swap solutions and an easy to use wireless home charger.
The scooter has a small built in charger that enables to charge the batteries using a wall outlet. The charge time with the built-in charger is 6 hours.
The scooter has a front disc brake with ABS.
The scooter has a wireless RFID key that provides in anti-theft.
The scooter is available in the color Pearl Glare White with Candy Blue accenting.
2022 Honda models
Honda Motor Europe LTD
Bracknell, RG12 1HL
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Collapse of Nature on Earth
A group of 200 top scientists indicates that Earth is on the brink of a mass extinction that could drive a million animal species into oblivion in the coming decades, which could cause a collapse of Nature on Earth.
Yearly, 180 million tons of toxic, chemical and ☢️ radioactive waste is dumped into the oceans. It is 'invisible water pollution' that accumulates and increases every year. Hazardous waste has been accumulating in the ocean water for 150 years to such an extent that today, 🐋 whale babies are not able to be born healthy. Industrial companies treat the ocean as a bottomless pit with the idea “out of sight, out of mind”
View report about toxic waste dumping in the oceans:
Some zones in the ocean that are larger than land continents are called ‘death zone’ where no fish can live.
Dozens of death whale babies that washed up in Norway in recent years show that they are already contaminated with toxic chemicals shortly after they are born and Japan recently denied a shipment of toxic whale meat from Norway.
Source: Live Science | The Guardian
In Brazil, one-fifth of the jungle is to be burned in the coming years for the purpose of industrial development. The Amazon rainforest is expected to be gone within decades.
In the past decades, 67 percent of all seabirds have died. Many seabird species could become extinct within decades.
In the past decades, 75 percent of all insects have died. Within decades, a tipping point could be reached beyond which a collapse of nature becomes inevitable.
On top of it all, eugenics on nature (GMO) is forced with corruption.
Opponents of GMO punished with “retaliation and pain“.
View report about eugenics on nature (GMO): GMODebate.org For animals and plants!
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Join Zulya Rajabova's presentation at Smithsonian Associates
Conde Nast and Travel+Leisure Award winning tour operator and travel guide ZULYA RAJABOVA BRINGS IMMERSIVE EXPERIENCE OF CENTRAL ASIA TO THE SMITHSONIAN on Thursday, April 21, 2022 - 6:45 p.m. to 8:15 p.m. ET
There are few places left to explore for the traveler who longs to discover the truly exotic.China has gone global, and India is a tourist paradise. The nations of Central Asia, long closed to the west behind the Iron Curtain have recently opened their arms to the world, offering the treasures of fabulous landscapes and thousands of years of history, tradition, and culture.
Zulya Rajabova is an expert in travel to this fascinating Central Asia region. Having grown up in Bukhara, Uzbekistan, she was an in-demand tour guide there prior to settling in the USA where she has founded and is president of Silk Road Treasure Tours.On Thursday April 21, she will unlock those treasures for us and present an immersive journey into the culture and history of Central Asia.
Ms. Rajabova will be sharing not only her knowledge but also her boundless enthusiasm and pride for her heritage. We will learn of the sweeping history of her homeland as a center of trade, travel, and learning along the Silk Road, how gorgeous mosques, mausoleums and madrassahs bear witness to the wealth and might of the ruling dynasties which rose from this mercantile hub. She will also lead us to a pristine wilderness; to sapphire lakes and glowing sunsets against the Tian-Shen Mountains where we can envision the conquering hordes of Chinggis Khan's cavalry surging through the vast stretches of steppe and taiga. Ms. Rajabova will take us into the homes and daily lives of the people of Central Asia, and into craftsmen's studios see them create wondrous works of folk-art using centuries old skills. We will be entertained and enlightened and come to know more about this heart of the medieval world, the center of the great Silk Road routes. Weaving fact with folklore, Zulya's Zoom presentations are as intricate and rich as a fabled Turkmen carpet, connecting the ancient world to the present for her audience.
Ms. Rajabova has earned her place as a pioneer in travel to Central Asia. She speaks five languages fluently and has been helping clients discover the true soul of Central Asia with her transformational tours for over 20 years. She has worked with heads of state, first ladies, celebrities, academics, and travel industry professionals from all over the world. Conde-Nast and Travel Leisure Magazines have been naming her as a "A list "and Top Travel Specialist for Central Asia. Zulya Rajabova is an unique Central Asia Travel expert who has been giving presentation about Central Asia and Caucasus in different organizations across the US including American Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian, Asia Society, Columbia and New York Universities, Consulates of Central Asia countries, New York Times Travel Show, Women Travel Clubs and Historical and cultural societies and travel clubs across the country.
Ms. Rajabova' love for her work started when she was still a child playing on the ancient streets near her ancestral adobe home just outside Bukhara. She would often be stopped by tourists wanting to take her picture.She recalls "It was here, at the age of 4 or 5, that I learned my very first English words! Since then I have had a passion to share my country's beauty with others."
Join Zulya on April 21 to unlock the treasures of Central Asia.
For more information about Ms. Rajabova Smithsonian presentation, visit: https://smithsonianassociates.org/ticketing/tickets/travel-along-central-asias-silk-road-history-culture-people
When you subscribe to the blog, we will send you an e-mail when there are new updates on the site so you wouldn't miss them.
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Sexual and Domestic Violence Advocates
How to get the support you need to better support others.
Supporting your clients every day without your own support network can be a harrowing task. The RAFT Project focuses on you, enabling your continued ability to make a difference in people’s lives—while maintaining stability in your own.
We understand the struggles that come with working as a sexual and domestic violence advocate. Everything from the inability to switch roles when you get home, to the compassion fatigue that robs you of your ability to empathize the way you once did. And let’s not forget plain-old exhaustion.
As a person who’s dedicated your life to the well-being of others, we’re excited to provide you a new set of tools you can use to improve your own well-being.
“The workshop you held at Shakti was so very beneficial! I have been able to reset boundaries and really change some of my old behaviors that were no longer serving me. It was and continues to be a game changer…I use these new skills every day.”
– Mel, 2014
Our research on advocates has found that the better we are at taking care of ourselves, the better we are at taking care of others. That’s why the RAFT curriculum offers a number of tools that teach you to:
- Deal with the feeling of being overwhelmed and the exhaustion that leads to burnout
- Build resilience to compassion fatigue so you can remain empathetic
- Take care of yourself and your loved ones when you leave work
- Continue to show up and support your clients
- Set boundaries for yourself and others so you don’t feel depleted
- Decrease physical, emotional, and mental stress with tangible relief techniques
"Self-care is absolutely essential for the work we do as licensed counselors. This training has been completely insightful, informative, and highly effective for us to be our best personally and professionally. Keep doing what you do!"
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I normally do not write about products or technical stuff because, frankly, squirting mustard on a hot dog is a big mechanical challenge for me.
But I am excited enough about a new product today to write a piece about it, because it is on the verge of significantly changing my neighborhood — the machining world.
A little robot made by a small Danish company, Universal Robot, is showing this week at FabTech in Chicago. Their product, the UR5, is cheap, versatile and easy to program. I probably couldn’t do it, but I am pretty sure you can. It is a $30,000 weapon of mass production destruction. It can be put to work the same day you take it out of the box. It seems like a product that almost any job shop could use. By simply modeling the task you want the robot to accomplish, you get most of the way home on the setup. Also, in most cases you don’t need to add extra guarding which enhances its quick changeover. You can team it with a machining center, then stick it on a Citizen, schlep it over to a tube bender and let it finish its week on a Cincinnati Centerless. The simplicity of usage of this mini-robot is its value proposition. This exquisite little machine is the 3,000 square-foot job shop’s China killer.
It enables a tiny firm to compete with Johnson and Johnson on making titanium kneecaps. This machine turns a machine tender into a programmer and director. Potentially, a company can get a 6 month return on investment, putting it in almost any firm’s reach.
The fancy, rugged expensive robots from behemoths like Fanuc, ABB, and Kuka have their place at Ford or a foundry, but the job shop robot has finally arrived.
It means fewer people and less headaches. Unless you are one of those fewer people who is now going to have a major headache.
Question: Are you afraid or excited about robots?
Check out the video made about a shop in Southern California using the UR5.
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- Research article
- Open Access
Mid-pass whole genome sequencing enables biomedical genetic studies of diverse populations
BMC Genomics volume 22, Article number: 666 (2021)
Historically, geneticists have relied on genotyping arrays and imputation to study human genetic variation. However, an underrepresentation of diverse populations has resulted in arrays that poorly capture global genetic variation, and a lack of reference panels. This has contributed to deepening global health disparities. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) better captures genetic variation but remains prohibitively expensive. Thus, we explored WGS at “mid-pass” 1-7x coverage.
Here, we developed and benchmarked methods for mid-pass sequencing. When applied to a population without an existing genomic reference panel, 4x mid-pass performed consistently well across ethnicities, with highc recall (98%) and precision (97.5%).
Compared to array data imputed into 1000 Genomes, mid-pass performed better across all metrics and identified novel population-specific variants with potential disease relevance. We hope our work will reduce financial barriers for geneticists from underrepresented populations to characterize their genomes prior to biomedical genetic applications.
Over the past decade, population and statistical genetics have relied heavily on genotyping panels as an alternative to costly sequencing approaches for generating genome-wide datasets. Due to their sparse coverage, arrays require informed selection of variants a priori and reference panels for downstream imputation. Genomic analyses of array data have revolutionized understanding of human disease and population histories, but the focus has been predominantly on individuals of Western European ancestry [1,2,3]. When combined, people with Latin American, African, or Indigenous ancestries represent only 4% of all participants in published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) . Underrepresentation of diverse populations has resulted in a lack of reference panels for imputation and insufficient optimization of variant panels to adequately capture genetic variation at a global scale [5, 6]. As a result patients from underrepresented populations receive less accurate diagnostic predictions, are often excluded from clinical trials that require genetic stratification, and can be unresponsive to therapeutics that have been optimized for individuals of European ancestry [7,8,9,10]. Additionally, current barriers-to-entry are significantly higher for Indigenous and minority geneticists to characterize their communities’ genomes in a manner that is best aligned with their cultural values . Ultimately, the democratization of genomic technologies will require the costs of generating genome-wide datasets to be dramatically reduced .
Unlike array-based genotyping, whole genome sequencing (WGS) is better able to capture novel genetic variation. While the cost of WGS has been decreasing, it remains prohibitively expensive for all but the best-funded genomic studies. To address this, the concept of “low-pass” sequencing, where each position in the genome is covered by reads at a lower depth than the gold standard 30x, has been gaining traction as a cost-effective alternative to genotyping arrays for applications such as GWAS and polygenic scores [13,14,15,16]. To date, many low-pass approaches have been focused on genomic coverage levels of 1x and lower, bringing costs in line with arrays . Even off-target data from whole exome studies has been shown to be sufficient . However, at such low coverage levels, imputation into large pre-existing reference panels is still required, preventing applications of low-pass sequencing to studies with underrepresented populations.
While the 1000 Genomes Project reference panel has become popular for the study of diverse populations, it is limited in size and significant improvements have been demonstrated when using a more appropriately matched, larger panel [19,20,21]. More extensive panels exist but are still limited in diversity and poorly represent many populations [22, 23]. Importantly, access restrictions around genomic data will, at least in the foreseeable future, continue to make large external reference panels, which usually require data to be uploaded to a server, of limited practical use.
Given this limitation, we explored the utility of a self-contained approach that is independent of external reference panels and makes use of standard, well-established and well-maintained software packages for variant calling and imputation. We investigated the performance of WGS across different coverage values ranging from 1-7x, which we term “mid-pass”. This strategy is not without precedent, as mid-pass sequencing followed by within-cohort imputation has been applied in the context of global surveys of genetic diversity and population-based studies [19, 21, 24,25,26,27,28]. However, to our knowledge, there has not been widespread uptake of the approach, in part due to the lack of a comprehensive evaluation of the usefulness of current standard software packages across a number of relevant metrics such as cohort size and coverage levels.
To address this, we developed and benchmarked methods for mid-pass sequencing and applied them to identify genetic variation in a population that lacks an existing genomic reference panel. This is an essential step before genome-wide and targeted approaches to understanding genetic contributions to disease pathogenesis. First, we benchmarked the performance of cost-effective, low-pass library generation kits against more expensive high-pass kits at mid-pass coverage levels. Next, we developed an optimized bioinformatics pipeline around the widely-used GATK Best Practices [v4.1.4] coupled with Beagle for within-cohort variant calling and imputation to produce high quality individual-level genotype calls from mid-pass data. This is in contrast to approaches estimating only population allele frequencies . We also assessed if combining mid- and high-pass data could improve the quality of genotype calls cohort-wide. Lastly, we applied our mid-pass approach to characterize genetic diversity in an underrepresented population and extensively benchmarked it against genotyping arrays. Our aim is to establish a framework for cost-effective studies that democratize genomic analyses by making the generation of genomic data more affordable and accessible.
Low-pass optimized methods for high-throughput library preparation scale to intermediate coverage levels and produce consistent data
As a result of the increasing adoption of low-pass sequencing, library preparation kits that facilitate highly multiplexed processing of DNA samples for low coverage (≤1x) WGS are now commercially available. High-throughput processing is required for low-pass approaches, since many samples are sequenced simultaneously (on the same flow cell) as compared to gold standard 30x WGS. However, many kits that are designed for low-pass sequencing have not been comprehensively tested at an intermediate coverage level of 4x. Thus, we began by assessing if a commonly used library preparation kit designed for low-pass sequencing would be suitable at an intermediate coverage level. To compare library preparation methods quantitatively, we obtained DNA from 12 HapMap individuals (see Methods), generated 4 replicate libraries using the low-pass kit, and generated 2 replicate libraries using a standard high-pass WGS kit. While we sequenced low-pass libraries at target coverages of 1x (LP1) and 4x (LP4), high-pass libraries were sequenced at a target coverage of 4x (HP4).
First, we observed that the low-pass kit produced more consistent coverage across pooled libraries than the high-pass kit (Fig. S1a). This is particularly important in low-pass applications, as high variability in coverage at low depths may result in large disparities in genotyping quality across samples. Next, we compared read duplication rates across the two library types. Duplication rates were consistently higher for the low-pass kit across all coverage levels and increased proportionally with coverage. In contrast, duplication rates for the high-pass kit were consistent across the coverage ranges tested (Fig. S1b). Specifically, at target coverages of 1x and 4x, samples had median duplication rates of 10.8 and 17.2%, respectively, which were 1.5x and 2.4x greater than the high-pass kit. Next, we assessed genotype quality (GQ) scores derived from standard sample-level genotype calling (Fig. S1c). At 4x coverage, GQ scores derived from low-pass kit data did not significantly differ from GQ scores derived from high-pass kit data (p = 0.78, Wilcoxon rank sum test).
Next, we compared both overlap and concordance of genotype calls between replicates across coverage levels and kits. At 4x coverage, there was no evidence for a significant difference in the proportions of overlapping genotype calls across replicates at all sites (p = 0.89) nor at high-confidence sites (GQ > 20, p = 0.80) when comparing data from low- and high-pass kits, suggesting distributions of genomic coverage are similar (Fig. S1d). At 1x coverage, the proportion of all sites overlapping was substantially lower than at 4x (medians of 0.101 and 0.435, respectively), demonstrating the random nature of genomic coverage across low-pass replicates. When examining genotype call concordance at 4x coverage, we again found no evidence for a significant difference at all sites (p = 0.10) nor at high-confidence sites (p = 0.068) between the low- and high-pass kit (Fig. S1e). At 1x coverage, we observed a reduction in genotype concordance at high-confidence sites when compared to 4x coverage (medians of 0.931 and 0.978 respectively), which is likely driven by lower overall genotype qualities in the former (Fig. S1c).
Finally, we evaluated variant calls across the library kits for 4 of the 12 individuals that are also part of the 1000 Genomes high-coverage call set . Using the high coverage call set as ground truth and measuring recall, precision, and non-reference concordance rates (NCR) (see Methods, Fig. S1f-h) we observed no significant difference between kits in recall (p = 0.97 and p = 0.61 for low- and high-confidence sites, respectively, Wilcoxon rank sum test) or NCR (p = 0.74 and p = 0.12) and a small but significant 0.93% increase in precision with the high-pass kit at low-confidence sites (p = 0.0027; p = 0.30 for high-confidence sites). Furthermore, we observed that while NCR improves with GQ (Fig. S1h), there is a large fraction of true variants at low GQ (Fig. S1f) that would get filtered out with standard thresholds such as GQ20.
Based on our observations, we conclude that low-pass optimized kits are suitable for mid-pass applications at a target coverage range of approximately 4x.
Optimized joint variant calling and imputation by combining high- and mid-pass whole genome sequencing
Having established a cost-effective and scalable method for generating sequencing libraries for mid-pass applications, we next sought to apply the strategy to genotyping an ethnically-diverse cohort lacking an existing reference panel for imputation. To date, individuals of Polynesian ancestry have been underrepresented in genomic studies and are not present in commonly used multi-ancestral reference panels such as 1000 Genomes . To this end, we performed a combination of high- and mid-pass WGS on a cohort of 1510 individuals of Polynesian ancestry recruited from the Māori and Pacific populations of Aotearoa New Zealand (Fig. S2). We sequenced the genomes of 100 individuals at a median coverage of 35.2x using the high-pass WGS library kit and all 1510 at a median coverage of 3.67x using the low-pass library kit (see Methods). A subset of the cohort had previously had their genomes sequenced using high-pass WGS (n = 106 individuals, median coverage 37.9x) and genotyped using an array (n = 1293 individuals) . Together, these provide an optimal data set for methods development and benchmarking. Throughout the following analyses, we used the pre-existing 30x high-pass WGS data as a truth set to assess recall, precision, and non-reference concordance rates (NCR) of genotype calls derived from the mid-pass approach (see Methods). Unless otherwise noted, we restricted analyses to high-confidence regions of the genome which exclude difficult-to-map regions such as segmental duplications and other highly repetitive sequences as have been defined by the Genome In a Bottle Consortium .
We hypothesized that for populations without existing reference panels, inclusion of high-pass data alongside mid-pass data would improve genotype calls. Our strategy to combine mid- and high-pass data was to perform individual-level calling followed by joint genotyping and within-cohort imputation using standard software and best practices (Fig. 1a) [29, 36,37,38]. While bespoke methods exist for low-pass data , we believed that it would be more desirable at mid-pass to optimize a widely established pipeline in order to facilitate broad adoption of the approach (see Methods). Following standard site-level filtering using variant quality score recalibration (VQSR), we performed stringent call-level filtering. We reasoned that low-quality calls, which are abundant at lower coverage levels, would negatively impact the performance of imputation. However, too stringent filtering would result in too few markers for imputation and also negatively impact performance. Thus, we sought to identify an optimum value of genotype call filtering that maximized imputation performance. For imputation, we again deployed a commonly used software with standard settings, so as to maximize compatibility with existing pipelines . By testing a range of GQ filtering values (> 0–30) and comparing post-imputation genotype calls to the 30x truth set, we found that using variant calls with GQ > 17 provided an optimal balance of recall, precision, and NCR for single nucleotide variants (SNV) (Fig. 1b-d). While we primarily focused on SNVs since they make up the vast majority of variant calls, we observed the same threshold to be optimal for indels albeit at a slightly reduced overall performance (Fig. S3).
While GQ filtering of low-confidence calls markedly improved imputation performance, it still results in informative data being discarded. To leverage data at sites with filtered genotype calls we devised an approach to compare imputed genotype calls to GQ-filtered calls (Fig. S4a). We characterized variants as belonging to one of four categories: not imputed, or imputed and identical to the filtered call (IM0); imputed and not inconsistent with the filtered call (IM1); and imputed and inconsistent when the filtered call was either heterozygous (IM2) or homozygous (IM3). “Inconsistent” here is defined as the loss or disappearance of an allele after imputation. Given the nature of mid-pass sequencing data, where we expect to frequently only observe one of two alleles due to low coverage, we categorize the addition or appearance of an additional allele after imputation as “not inconsistent”. By comparing recall, precision, and NCR across variants stratified by IM flag, we found that, as expected, variants where the imputed genotype was inconsistent with the filtered call had significantly worse performance (Fig. S4d-i). In particular, performance at IM3 variants, where the filtered call was homozygous for one allele and the imputed genotype was homozygous for the other allele, was particularly poor. However, these variants only account for a small fraction of the total number of calls (Fig. S4b-c). Thus, due to the lower NCR, we suggest that calls flagged as IM3 and potentially IM2 be filtered out for any downstream applications that are particularly sensitive to incorrect genotype calls.
Next, using the established GQ filtering threshold, we examined post-imputation performance across coverage levels (Fig. 1e-g, Fig. S5). We observed a steep drop off in overall performance for individuals sequenced at 1x when compared to 2x or greater. At 4x coverage, our optimized best-practices based approach yielded high recall (98.0%), precision (97.5%), and NCR (95.2%). As expected, indel calling performed slightly worse overall, with median recall, precision, and NCR of 96.9, 91.9, and 92.1%, respectively. Extending the analyses to the whole genome (i.e., including repetitive and highly variable regions) still yielded high recall (96.1%) for SNVs at 4x but came with a loss in precision (90.8%) and NCR (92.5%) (Fig. S5a). This loss in precision and NCR was more strongly pronounced for indels (Fig. S5c). Strict filtering criteria would be required to make these variants suitable for downstream analyses.
Finally, our study design allowed us to compare the effectiveness of including high-pass data in the joint genotyping and imputation stages to approaches relying on mid-pass sequencing of the entire cohort. To this end, we produced two imputed call sets and assessed their respective performances: the first included high-pass data for 100 individuals and mid-pass data from 1410 individuals (MP + HP); the second included mid-pass data for all 1510 individuals (MP). Inclusion of high-pass data improved performance across all metrics and coverage levels, but improvements were greater for individuals with low (1-3x) coverage levels for SNVs (recall = + 1.05%, precision = + 0.64%, NCR = + 1.85%, Fig. 1h-j) with more pronounced improvements for indels (recall = + 2.47%, precision = + 2.08%, NCR = + 3.24%). Analyzing performance pre- and post-imputation revealed that the inclusion of high-pass data yielded minor improvements in joint-genotyping precision, but that most improvements came post-imputation (Fig. S6). This suggests that having a subset of high-confidence, complete genotype calls is able to improve imputation in the mid-pass sequenced individuals, albeit to a minor extent.
Based on our analyses, we found that with optimization, standard best-practices based variant calling and imputation pipelines are suitable for genotyping using mid-pass WGS and generate comprehensive and accurate genotype calls. Furthermore, the inclusion of a subset of individuals sequenced at high-pass yielded better performance in the entire cohort, largely through improved imputation performance.
Mid-pass whole genome sequencing outperforms array-based genotyping for diverse ethnicities
After establishing genotyping methods for mid-pass WGS, we next applied the approach to characterize genetic variation. The cohort comprised individuals with self-reported ethnicities drawn from the Māori and Pacific populations of Aotearoa New Zealand with representation of both Eastern and Western Polynesian nationalities (Fig. S2h).
First we examined principal components (PCs) derived from imputed genotype calls. We found that PC1 was highly correlated with the degree of European ancestry admixture (Spearman’s ρ = − 0.89, p < 2.2e-16, Figs. 2a, S7). PC2 robustly captured Eastern vs Western Polynesian ancestry, with Samoan and Tongan people clustering at one end of the spectrum, Aotearoa New Zealand Māori clustering at the other, and Cook Island Māori in the middle. Reassuringly, PCs 3 and 4 also clearly corresponded to self-reported Pukapukan and Niuean ethnicities, respectively (Fig. S8). When examining the correlation between PCs and technical factors, we found that PC5 was linearly correlated with log(sequencing coverage) (Fig. S8j).
Next we assessed the performance of our mid-pass approach across self-reported ethnicities. Overall, we found that differences in performance across ethnicities were minor, being smaller in magnitude than differences due to coverage level (Fig. 2b). Performance was best for individuals of self-reported Aotearoa New Zealand and Cook Island Māori ethnicity, most likely because this is the best represented group in the cohort (N = 834 combined). Individuals of Western Polynesian nationality (N = 298 combined between Samoan and Tongan people) had slightly lower NCR, but comparable recall and precision values to other self-reported ethnicities.
While the full cohort was ethnically diverse, we sought to benchmark our mid-pass approach in the context of smaller, more homogenous cohorts. To do this, we focused on individuals with self-reported Aotearoa New Zealand Māori ethnicity, as this comprised the largest group, and subsetted to 750, 500, and 250 individuals. Subsetting was performed by selecting individuals that showed less European ancestry admixture (Fig. S9a) and the proportion of individuals sequenced at high vs mid-pass was kept approximately constant across the subsets (6.5–9.2%, Fig. S9b). We found that recall, precision, and NCR were similar across the cohort subsets as compared to performance when the entire cohort was used (Figs. 2c, S9c-h). In fact, precision tended to be slightly higher in the smaller, less admixed cohorts, although the differences were minor and the small improvements in recall and NCR slightly more pronounced.
Finally, we compared genotype calls derived from our mid-pass approach to those derived from array-based genotyping followed by imputation into 1000 Genomes, which is commonly used for diverse genomic studies (see Methods). Examining overall recall, precision, and NCR for individuals with truth sets derived from 30x WGS, we found that array genotyping followed by imputation resulted in much lower recall compared to all mid-pass coverage levels (Fig. 2d). Precision however, was comparable to mid-pass individuals sequenced at 3x coverage, while NCR was comparable to mid-pass at 2x coverage. When examining performance as a function of minor allele frequency (MAF) we found that with the exception of precision at low frequency (MAF ≤ 2%) variants, 4x mid-pass WGS outperformed array genotyping with 1000 Genomes imputation across all metrics and frequencies (Fig. S10).
Through these analyses we found that our mid-pass sequencing strategy effectively identified the genetic variation present in a diverse study cohort, was minimally affected by technical covariates, and performed consistently across ethnicities and cohort sizes. When compared to genotyping arrays followed by imputation into 1000 Genomes, mid-pass better identified genetic variation while at the same time having higher recall and precision across most coverage levels.
Mid-pass sequencing identifies novel, potentially population-specific genetic variation with putative functional impact that is missed by imputation into 1000 Genomes
A major advantage to whole genome sequencing as compared to array genotyping is the ability to detect novel genetic variation that could contribute to disease etiology. For our final analyses, we examined genetic variation that is detected using our approach but missed when using array genotyping followed by imputation into 1000 Genomes. We characterized variants that were common (MAF > 5%) in the study cohort and either absent from or rare (MAF < 1%) in 1000 Genomes (Fig. S11). Mindful that this may enrich for false positive genotype calls, we restricted our analyses to all SNVs, where our analyses showed false-positive rates to be low (Fig. S5a), and only included indels found in high-confidence regions of the genome (Fig. S5d). Using this approach, we identified 426,256 SNVs and 44,235 indels that were common in the cohort but absent from 1000 Genomes, and an additional 152,113 SNVs and 5475 indels were rare in 1000 Genomes (Fig. 3a). Further classifying these variants based on predicted class revealed 22,649 regulatory and 3514 coding variants that were absent from 1000 Genomes, representing a substantial amount of potentially Polynesian-specific genetic variation with putative functional impact (Fig. 3b). Finally, we examined the predicted effect of genetic variation, as this is often of primary importance in genomic studies (Fig. 3c). Mid-pass sequencing identified 155 putative loss of function variants (across splice donor, splice acceptor, stop-gained, and frameshift variants) as well as 2089 missense variants that were absent from 1000 Genomes, but common in the study cohort. When examining variants with putative regulatory impact we found 14,264 regulatory region variants, 6247 UTR, 1521 transcription factor binding site, and 519 splice-region variants that were absent from 1000 Genomes and common in the study cohort.
From our analyses of kits for library generation, we conclude that those optimized for low-pass sequencing facilitate high-throughput processing while providing data that are largely consistent with high-pass kits. The pooled processing of a high number of samples offered by low-pass kits reduces variability of coverage, number of batches, and cost, which is especially important for low-pass studies. However, a notable drawback is that we observed higher duplication levels when a low-pass kit was used. This could be a result of the much smaller amount of input DNA used for the low-pass kit (5–25 ng) vs the high-pass kit (200 ng), resulting in lower library diversity. Based on this observation, we would not suggest exceeding target coverage levels of 4x using current generation low-pass optimized library preparation methods because of diminishing returns attributed to increased read duplication rates. However, at a target coverage level of 4x, we believe the workflow and cost benefits of low-pass optimized kits outweigh the drawbacks from increased duplication rates. If higher coverages are desired, we suggest using high-pass library preparation kits. We have made the sequencing data from HapMap individuals generated for library kit benchmarking publicly available to facilitate broader adoption of low- and mid-pass sequencing strategies and to further encourage development of computational genomic methods (see Data and Code Availability).
In this work we sought to develop and share a bioinformatics pipeline for processing mid-pass data that made use of commonly used software packages. We reasoned that such a pipeline would be more accessible, as many users would already be familiar with the various components. However, we found that our “off-the-shelf” approach fared poorly at coverage levels ≤1x. It is very likely that at this coverage level, low-pass optimized variant calling and imputation methods would perform much better than our more standard approach .
With respect to downstream analyses that make use of mid-pass data, such as GWAS, we suggest filtering out imputed calls that are discordant with sequencing reads and provide scripts to do so (see Data and Code Availability). Furthermore, while the mid-pass approach yielded high-quality genotype data that largely correlated with self-reported ethnicity, we found that coverage level did introduce sources of variation. Thus, we suggest that any downstream applications should appropriately control for this technical factor.
We also explored the performance of various mid-pass study designs. We found that sequencing the genomes of a subset of individuals at high-pass and including them in joint-genotyping and imputation led to minor improvements in performance across the entire cohort. While these improvements were small, there are other potential benefits to including high-pass sequenced genomes that are not explored here. For example, variants that are harder to identify from short-read data such as large indels and structural variants may benefit more substantially from high-pass data and could then be genotyped in individuals with mid-pass data. We also explored the performance of the mid-pass approach as a function of study size. For more homogenous cohorts, we found that mid-pass WGS performed well even at a cohort size of just 250 individuals, making it a robust approach for smaller scale studies.
It is important to consider the strengths and weaknesses of mid-pass WGS in the broader context of genotyping strategies. At present, researchers carrying out population-scale genomic studies have options including 30x WGS, whole exome sequencing (WES), mid−/low-pass WGS, and genotyping arrays, roughly in order of cost. Ultimately, there is not one perfect solution, so researchers must decide on the strategy that best fits their needs and budget. Based on our work, we would suggest mid-pass WGS for cost-effective, population-scale genetic studies of individuals that are not well represented in existing genomic reference panels. This is a particularly effective approach for studies that aim to identify variants that are rare globally but common locally . For population-scale genetic studies of European ancestry individuals, low-pass WGS has been demonstrated to be a highly effective strategy . When high confidence, individual-level genotypes for rare protein-coding variants with predictable effects are of the utmost importance, for example in clinical studies, WES remains the most effective strategy, despite its narrow scope and relatively high cost. However, the lack of genome-wide data from WES makes it much less powerful for population-scale studies, and usually necessitates the generation of additional complementary data from genotyping arrays.
In the context of diverse genomic studies, a recent cost-effective approach has been to use WGS to sequence the genomes of a subset of individuals in the population of interest, and use these data to design custom arrays that capture population-specific variants and/or produce a population-specific reference panel for imputation use. While this has been an effective interim solution, the power to detect novel genetic variation is still limited to those few individuals selected for WGS, unlike mid-pass approaches where novel variant discovery is possible in every individual. In addition, the process of designing custom arrays is in itself costly and time intensive. Thus, we believe the advantages of mid-pass WGS outweigh this approach.
Finally, we present mid-pass WGS not just as a cost-saving strategy for generating genomic datasets with populations that have previously been underrepresented in human genetic research, but also as a means to democratize statistical and population genetic tools. For over a decade, GWAS and polygenic score methodologies have been applied, optimized, and reapplied to cohorts of largely Western European ancestry. Consequently, public health outcomes from genomics research disproportionately benefit individuals of Western European ancestry and globally reinforce institutional disparities that Indigenous communities are actively fighting to dismantle [41, 42].
Our mid-pass sequencing approach identified many potentially population-specific variants with functional impact potentially important in disease etiology that would have been missed by array genotyping followed by imputation into 1000 Genomes. Common population-specific variants are implicated in metabolic disease in Polynesian populations. The Gln allele of the CREBRF p.Arg457Gln variant associates with increased BMI but reduced risk of diabetes , the Ser allele of the IL37 p.Asn182Ser variant with gout , and the Western Polynesian-specific Leu allele of the ABCC4 p.Pro1036Leu variant with gout . The Māori and Pacific populations of Aotearoa New Zealand are affected by a range of polygenic conditions such as type 2 diabetes, gout, and other diseases with a metabolic basis. The underpinning genetic causes differ to various extents relative to the larger European population . While structural inequities contribute to the increased prevalence [43, 46], we expect population-specific genetic variants to contribute to health status. Studying these population-specific variants will provide insights into disease pathogenesis directly relevant to Māori and Pacific people.
While mid-pass WGS provides a technical solution to overcome the lack of diversity in genomics research, greater change in research practices will be needed to course-correct human genetics. Specifically, given that Western researchers have a documented history of ignoring, overlooking, and abusing BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, people of color) populations, sweeping revisions of how underrepresented peoples are engaged in genomics research are required [4, 11]. Rather than imposing Western perspectives of genetic privacy, data sharing, and disease priorities, researchers should engage in community-led partnerships that empower participants of genetic research to define the parameters under which their genomes are studied [47, 48]. Lastly, partnerships should bring impactful changes not only to science and medicine but also to participants and their communities. Approaches that ethically engage populations, build genomics capacity, and return both short and long-term benefits are long overdue.
Our work has demonstrated that mid-pass WGS is a cost-effective strategy for generating high quality genomic datasets from diverse populations without reliance on external datasets or reference panels. In order to maximize adoptability, we have established a framework for mid-pass WGS that uses commercially available reagents and optimized pipelines consisting of widely used software packages. Methods and approaches that improve accessibility and affordability will empower researchers around the world to carry out their own genomic studies and improve global diversity in genomic studies.
HapMap sequencing pilot
We selected 12 HapMap individuals (NA12877, NA12878, NA12879, NA18954, NA18995, NA19238, NA24143, NA24149, NA24385, NA24631, NA24694, NA24695) to test sequencing coverage and data quality of low-pass kits. We generated 10 replicates per DNA sample: 4 replicates at 1x using plexWell LPS384 library preparation, targeting 150Gb total bases (corresponding to 3.125Gb per sample on average); 4 replicates at 4x using plexWell LPS384 library preparation, targeting 600Gb total (12.5Gb per sample); 2 replicates at 4x using plexWell WGS24 library preparation, targeting 300Gb total (12.5Gb per sample). Libraries were sequenced on NovaSeq 6000 instruments, with 2x151bp reads. Library preparation and sequencing were done at Psomagen Inc. (USA).
Aotearoa New Zealand study participants
Individuals of self-reported Māori and / or Pacific ethnicity aged ≥16 years, primarily from the Auckland, Waikato, and Christchurch regions of Aotearoa New Zealand, were recruited to the Genetics of Gout, Diabetes, and Kidney Disease in Aotearoa New Zealand Study. 65 participants were recruited as part of a partnership with the Pukapuka Community Group (Mangere, South Auckland). The cohort consisted of 716 males and 794 females and the median age was 47 years. 421 individuals were diagnosed with kidney disease, 247 were diagnosed with gout, and 438 were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. 908 individuals had not been diagnosed with any of the above.
DNA sequencing of 1510 mid-pass and 100 high-pass whole genomes
DNA was extracted in Aotearoa New Zealand and shipped to Psomagen Inc. (USA) for library preparation and sequencing. Mid-pass libraries were prepared using plexWell LP384 kits and subsequently sequenced targeting an average of 16Gb per sample. We targeted a higher coverage than for the HapMap sequencing pilot to account for the higher duplication rate observed when using the plexWell kits. In addition, when pooling large numbers of samples some variation in coverage is unavoidable, so targeting a higher coverage ensures more samples will be in a usable coverage range for our purposes (>1x). High-pass libraries were prepared using TruSeq PCR-Free (350 bp) kits and sequenced at a target coverage of 30x per sample. All sequencing was done on NovaSeq 6000 instruments with 2x151bp reads. After sequencing and QC, DNA samples were returned to Aotearoa New Zealand to be disposed of in a culturally appropriate manner.
Pre-existing whole genome and array data
Previous to this study, 106 individuals from the cohort had their genomes sequenced to high coverage (TruSeq Nano libraries sequenced on HiSeqX) and 1293 individuals were genotyped using Illumina Infinium CoreExome arrays (v1.0–1.3) . We reprocessed the 106 whole genomes to obtain joint variant calls as detailed below. For the array data, GRCh37 genotype calls were lifted over to GRCh38, resulting in 471,499 genotyped positions on autosomes which were then further imputed into the 1000 Genomes mapped onto GRCh38 reference panel using Beagle v5.1 (beagle.27Apr20.b81.jar).
Processing of whole genome data
Raw sequencing data were inspected with fastqc (v0.11.7) and adapters were trimmed using cutadapt (v2.10). Trimmed reads were then processed following the GATK Best Practices guidelines (BWA-mem v.0.7.15, GATK v.18.104.22.168) to produce joint-called and VQSR-filtered multi-sample VCFs. We set --truth-sensitivity-filter-level to 99.8 for SNPs and 99.0 for indels in VQSR and only retained PASS filter sites for further analyses. The GATK Best Practices guidelines are thoroughly outlined here: https://gatk.broadinstitute.org/hc/en-us/articles/360035535932-Germline-short-variant-discovery-SNPs-Indels-, and we provide some key command lines as well in https://github.com/variant-bio/mid-pass. For single sample genotyping we ran GenotypeGVCFs on HaplotypeCaller-generated individual GVCF files without any additional filtering (unless GQ thresholds where indicated).
GQ filtering, imputation, and site flagging
We used custom scripts to filter genotype calls below our chosen threshold of GQ < =17. Subsequently, Beagle v5.1 (beagle.27Apr20.b81.jar) was run without a reference panel and specifying the ‘gt=’ input parameter for within-cohort imputation. The resulting VCFs were re-merged with the original unfiltered VCF to flag sites by consistency with the filtered calls. Call flagging script as well as command lines used can be found at https://github.com/variant-bio/mid-pass.
Performance evaluation data
The genomes of 106 individuals with previously available 30x WGS data were joint-genotyped as detailed above and all PASS filter variants and genotypes with GQ > 20 were used as truth set in the subsequent evaluations. For MAF-based analyses, we additionally applied a variant call rate filter of 50%. Out of the 93 individuals with mid-pass and 30x reference data available (Fig. S2), one individual was excluded from evaluations due to sample contamination, resulting in 92 genomes total for most of the evaluations. Comparisons including array data were limited to the genomes of 84 individuals for which array data were additionally available. Cohort size evaluations were limited to include individuals with self-reported Aotearoa New Zealand Māori ethnicity, and individuals were included based on PC1 and PC2 to form sub-cohorts of 250, 500, and 750 individuals (Fig. S8a). Cohort size evaluations were limited to the genomes of 22 individuals that were part of the smallest sub-cohort and for which both MP and 30x reference data were available.
Performance assessment methods
Throughout the performance assessments, we used recall, precision, and non-reference concordance (NCR) to assess accuracy of variant calls. Recall and precision serve as (coordinate-based) variant site metrics whereas NCR further assesses allele and genotype accuracy. Recall is defined as the number of true positive variant sites divided by the total number of variant sites in the truth set. Precision is defined as the number of true positive variant sites divided by the total number of variant sites in the test set. Non-reference concordance is the fraction of correctly called genotypes, excluding homozygous reference matches. For MAF-based performance comparisons, we used minor allele concordance rather than non-reference concordance, i.e. alt and ref. allele were flipped where variant allele frequency was greater than 0.5. High-confidence regions of the genome were defined as regions present in the “GRCh38_notinalldifficultregions.bed “file provided by the Genome in a Bottle Consortium and described in https://opendata.nist.gov/pdrsrv/mds2-2190/GRCh38/union/v2.0-GRCh38-Union-README.txt. Pipeline optimization (Fig. 1) as well as subcohort experiments (Fig. 2c) were limited to chromosome 1 only. Comparisons on imputed array data were limited to autosomes. All other comparisons were genome-wide excluding chrY and alt contigs. All pairwise comparisons between test and reference genotype call sets were done using vcf-compare (v0.1.14–12-gcdb80b8).
Principal component analysis
PCA was performed on imputed genotypes using Hail v0.2. Briefly, for individuals with ≥1.5x mean coverage, SNPs and indels in high-confidence regions with MAF > 1% and imputation rate < 30% were LD-pruned using the ld_prune() function with parameters r2 = 0.2, bp_window = 100,000. Principal components were calculated using LD-pruned variants using the hwe_normalized_pca() function with parameters, k = 20.
European admixture analysis
Genotype calls for 91 British individuals (GBR) from 1000 Genomes high coverage sequencing and mapping to GRCh38 were downloaded . Chromosome 1 was subsetted, and merged with the genotype calls from Polynesian individuals using the Hail function union_cols(), which performs an inner join on the two call sets. Allele frequencies were calculated in the combined call set and variants were filtered based on MAF > 1%. To remove indels and multiallelic variants, VCF files were subset to biallelic SNPs using bcftools. Thereafter, to thin variation, LD pruning was performed in PLINK (v1.90b6.16) with settings --indep-pairwise 50 10 0.1 followed by random down-sampling of the remaining variation with settings --thin-count 245,000. Using the resulting set of 245,000 biallelic SNPs as input for ADMIXTURE (v1.3.0), we estimated ancestry-specific allele frequencies and fractions assuming k = 2.
Overlap with 1000 genomes variants and functional annotation
All variants with MAF > 5% in the study cohort, excluding indels in non-high-confidence regions, were compared to 1000 Genomes phase 3 variants. Variants were classified as either rare (< 1% MAF in 1000 Genomes) or novel (absent from 1000 Genomes) and annotated for functional impact using Variant Effect Predictor with cache version 102 (homo_sapiens_vep_102_GRCh38). Variant class was defined as follows: coding (frameshift_variant, inframe_deletion, inframe_insertion, missense_variant, start_lost, stop_gained, stop_lost, stop_retained_variant, synonymous_variant), regulatory (5_prime_UTR_variant, 3_prime_UTR_variant, mature_miRNA_variant, regulatory_region_variant, splice_acceptor_variant, splice_donor_variant, splice_region_variant, TF_binding_site_variant, TFBS_ablation), and other (downstream_gene_variant, intergenic_variant, intron_variant, non_coding_transcript_exon_variant, upstream_gene_variant).
Availability of data and materials
Sequencing data from the 120 libraries generated for the 12 HapMap individuals has been deposited to the NCBI BioProject database under accession number PRJNA697982. An outline of the mid-pass variant calling pipeline including tool command lines used and code to flag sites for downstream filtering can be found on Github at https://github.com/variant-bio/mid-pass. Scripts are made available for non-commercial use only. The Polynesian genetic data generated in this study are protected and cannot be made publicly available in respect of the consent and IRB regulations. Data may be available from T.R.M. on a collaborative basis for research consistent with participant consent. The 1000 Genomes datasets are documented and accessible through the 1000 Genomes website: https://www.internationalgenome.org/data-portal/data-collection. Specifically, the unphased high-coverage 1000 Genomes Project data (used for HapMap recall/precision/NCR calculations as well as European admixture analysis) was downloaded from http://ftp.1000genomes.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/ftp/data_collections/1000G_2504_high_coverage/working/20201028_3202_raw_GT_with_annot/, the phased 1000 Genomes data mapped on GRCh38 (used as imputation reference panel for genotyping array data) was downloaded from http://ftp.1000genomes.ebi.ac.uk/vol1/ftp/data_collections/1000_genomes_project/release/20190312_biallelic_SNV_and_INDEL/, and the official Phase 3 data lifted over to GRCh38 (used for allele frequency and functional impact comparisons) was downloaded from http://ftp.ensembl.org/pub/data_files/homo_sapiens/GRCh38/variation_genotype/.
Black, Indigenous, people of color
Minor allele frequency
Non-reference concordance rate
Single nucleotide variant
Variant quality score recalibration
Whole exome sequencing
Whole genome sequencing
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We would like to thank the study participants for their contributions. The Pukapukan community based at the Pukapuka Community Centre (Mangere, South Auckland) is thanked. Study recruiters Chris Franklin, Meaghan House, Roddi Laurence, Gabrielle Sexton, and Beula Vincent are thanked. Edana Lord is thanked for technical assistance. We thank Psomagen Inc., and seqWell Inc., for their contributions towards the testing of library preparation kits. We thank members of Variant Bio for their contributions to the project, including Sarah LeBaron von Baeyer at Variant Bio for reviewing the manuscript. The Health Research Council of New Zealand and Lottery Health Research are thanked for funding.
T.R.M. was supported by funding from the Health Research Council of New Zealand and Lottery Health Research.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Ethical approval for this study was given by the NZ Multi-Region Ethics Committee, Ministry of Health, New Zealand Governmental Agency (MEC/05/10/130; MEC/10/09/092; MEC/11/04/036). All participants provided written informed consent for the collection of samples and subsequent analysis.
Consent for publication
S.E.C. is a co-founder, Chief Technology Officer, and stock owner at Variant Bio; K.W. is a co-founder, Chief Science Officer, and stock owner at Variant Bio; A.K.E. is an employee and stock owner at Variant Bio; C.S.G. is an employee and stock owner at Variant Bio.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Benchmarking of libraries generated with low-pass kits sequenced at intermediate coverage levels. a) Mean coverage across the library types. b) Per-sample duplicate rate over (deduplicated) sequencing coverage. c) Genotype quality (GQ) as a function of mean GQ (averaged over 2 × 12 samples). Fraction of variant calls that overlap between replicates (d), and their genotype concordance (e) at either all variants (GQ > 0) or high-confidence variants (GQ > 20). f) Recall, g) Precision and h) Non-reference concordance rates computed per sample against the 1000 Genomes high coverage call set as “truth”. The single HP4 sample with coverage>10x was excluded from this comparison. Figure S2. a) Overview of data types available for participants and how they overlap. b) Distribution of de-duplicated sequencing coverage per sample for low-pass samples, c) TruSeq PCR-free high-coverage samples, d) TruSeq Nano high-coverage samples. e) Distribution of sequencing duplicate rates per sample for low-pass samples, f) for TruSeq PCR-free samples, and g) for TruSeq Nano samples. h) Breakdown of number of individuals by self-reported ethnicity and sequencing type. Figure S3. Effect of GQ filtering on indel calling performance. a) Recall, b) Precision, and c) NCR for indels over varying GQ thresholds. Figure S4. Accuracy of flagged sites by flag type. a) Overview of the different flag types that characterize variants by comparing (filtered) sequencing-based genotype with genotype after imputation. A call is flagged with IM = 0 if sequencing-based genotype and imputed genotype agree fully. Given low coverage, we consider the lack of sequencing data evidence for an imputed allele as “not inconsistent” while the disappearance of an allele after imputation is categorized as “inconsistent”. IM = 1 therefore flags imputed calls that are not inconsistent with the sequencing-based call (either because it was missing or we may have only observed one of two alleles in sequencing). IM = 2 and IM = 3 flag sites that are inconsistent between sequencing-based and imputed calls, where IM = 2 calls were heterozygous in sequencing (potentially due to sequencing or mapping artifacts or contamination, or an error in imputation) and IM = 3 calls were homozygous for the opposite allele. b) Fraction of SNV calls in each IM flag category. c) Fraction of indel calls in each IM flag category. d) Recall (normalized to each individual’s overall SNV recall), e) Precision, and f) NCR of SNVs. g) Normalized recall, h) Precision, and i) NCR of indels. Figure S5. Detailed performance (recall, precision, and NCR) of SNV and indel calling both genomewide (including repetitive regions) as well as in high-confidence regions only, shown over coverage. a) SNVs genomewide, b) SNVs in high-confidence regions, c) Indels genomewide, d) Indels in high-confidence regions. Figure S6. Performance comparison across different pipeline stages/runs. a) Overview of tested call sets. “Single” refers to individually called mid-pass data (GQ > 17). “MP” and “MP-HP” refer to the joint-called (“joint”) and imputed (“imp”) call sets using mid-pass data from 1510 individuals (MP) and mid-pass data from 1410 individuals plus high-pass data from 100 high-pass individuals (MP-HP) For more details see methods. b) Recall, c) Precision, and d) NCR for SNVs. e) Recall, f) Precision, and g) NCR for indels. Figure S7. Analysis of European admixture in the study cohort. ADMIXTURE was run assuming two populations on the cohort with 91 British individuals from 1000 Genomes (GBR) included to capture European ancestry. Shown are the proportions of ancestry estimated (population 1 = red, population 2 = orange). Individuals are ordered by cohort (GBR/Polynesian). Analysis of PC1 from PC analysis versus proportion of population 1 ancestry from ADMIXTURE analysis found that PC1 is highly correlated with the degree of estimated European ancestry (Spearman’s ρ = − 0.89, p < 2.2e-16). Figure S8. Principal component (PC) analysis of imputed genotype calls. a-i) PC1 vs PC2–10, labeled based on self-reported ethnicity. j) PC5 vs log(coverage) with data points colored by sequencing depth and symbols corresponding to library type (plexWell LP384 used for low-pass sequencing and TrueSeq PCR-Free used for high-pass sequencing). Individuals with ≥1.5x coverage and both SNVs and indels in high-confidence regions of the genome were used for the analyses. Figure S9. Effect of cohort size on performance. a) PCA of self-reported Aotearoa New Zealand Māori individuals that were included in the analysis. b) Sequencing type breakdown within subcohorts (MP, mid-pass, HP, high-pass). c) Recall, d) Precision, and e) NCR for SNVs. f) Recall, g) Precision, and h) NCR for indels. Figure S10. MAF-based comparison of variants in high-confidence regions, split by coverage level. a) Recall, b) Precision, and c) NCR of SNVs over the full MAF range. Panels d), e), and f) show the same plots zoomed in on the 0–7.5% MAF range. Panels g) to l) show the same for indels. Figure S11. Allele frequency distribution of common (MAF > 5%) variants in the study cohort that are either absent from (a) or rare in (b) 1000 Genomes. Indels located in high-confidence regions of the genome and all SNVs were included in the analysis.
About this article
Cite this article
Emde, AK., Phipps-Green, A., Cadzow, M. et al. Mid-pass whole genome sequencing enables biomedical genetic studies of diverse populations. BMC Genomics 22, 666 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07949-9
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Windows 98 for lack of a better term is basically a revision to Windows 95 – not entirely different but like Windows 95 with some niceties, some bug fixes, better hardware support and able to do a much better job integrating your computer with the internet (world wide web).
If I may be allowed to interject a bit of humor, Windows 98 is simply Windows 95 after a couple of years on the job. It is a little bit faster, a little bit more reliable and a tad bit better at navigating itself (and you) out of tricky (computer) situations.
What’s New With Windows 98?
Better Reliability and Performance
What’s the worst thing that can happen to us when we are working on an important document? You guessed it, the dreaded systems crash. Windows 98 has greater stability, improved systems management tools and a better help system.
Features At A Glance
- Better Help Desk
- Tune-Up Wizard (helps keep your computer running great)
- Windows System Update (receive update via the internet)
- Faster Shutdown and more…
Entertainment and Multimedia Improvements
Windows 98 supports a wider range of hardware including support for “New Generation” hardware (DVD Drives, Zips, scanners, etc.). It was designed to take greater advantage of your entertainment and multimedia devices.
Features At A Glance
- Support for new generation hardware
- Multimedia support
- Active movie and more…
More User Friendly (easy to use)
With new features such as FAT32 an improved version of the file system, it is now possible to use larger hard drives without the 2 Gigabyte (GB) partition limit. Also new to Windows 98 were improved wizards for power management, remote access and support for multiple displays (you can now use two monitors at once).
Internet Integration Enhancements
Using the new Integrated Internet Shell (active desktop) feature, you can make our internet experience. Active Desktop makes your desktop feel as if it is one big browser (Internet Explorer). Other features were Dial Up Networking Improvements, Advanced Web Browsing and an Online Services folder. Increased Manageability and System Maintenance Helps to make your computer easier to network and also made it easier to update your system files.
A Different Version of Windows 98 – Enter Windows 98 SE Windows 98 SE or Second Edition, was a bug fix for windows 98. It also included a feature known as Internet Connection Sharing, which let’s you share your internet connection with other computers on your home network.
Next Windows Operating System
Image Credit: http://winsupersite.com
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The CIS Network Administration Concentration prepares students with the technical knowledge and skills to excel in administering complex IP networks, which are increasingly integral to the functioning of any large business, from manufacturing to finance to food service to science and government services.
Through a partnership with the Cisco Networking Academy we offer courses which provide interactive learning tools and activities to help students develop practical experience and 21st century career skills such as problem solving, collaboration, and critical thinking.
Some courses are not eligible for Financial Aid. Please check the list here when considering a course.
Optional costs for certification exam fees are approximately $200-$300 each for the CompTIA and Cisco Certifications. However, students can qualify for discounts on the Cisco exams with scores above 75% in a qualifying course.
Graduates that successfully complete the curriculum of this program will be eligible to sit for several industry certification exams including:
CompTIA A+ (PC Pro)
CompTIA Network+ (Network Pro)
Cisco Systems CCENT
Cisco Systems CCNA
Cisco Systems CCNA Security
Many of the courses in this program are transferable and some may be applied to four-year degree programs at other institutions. CNM currently has transfer agreements with many colleges and universities in New Mexico and elsewhere.
The employment outlook should be favorable for network administration occupations as firms invest in newer, faster technology and mobile networks. Growth is expected in healthcare industries as their use of information technology increases. More administrators will be required to manage the growing systems and networks found at hospitals and other healthcare institutions. Administrators with proper training will be needed to reinforce network and system security as information security concerns are increasing for many businesses and industries.
Prospects are even better for applicants with a bachelor’s degree in computer science and who are up to date on the latest technology. So students should consider transferring their AAS credits into a four-year program.
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|Register for This Course|
Endoscope reprocessing workshop providing information that enhances the knowledge for those responsible for processing endoscopes. It is an additional tool to understand the background, overview, work area practice, cleaning and sterilization practices for best infection prevention.
Participants will receive continuing education hours for attending the course. The information will assist those interested in pursuing the Certified Endoscope Reprocessor (CER) credential through the Healthcare Sterile Processing Association (HSPA).
Dates: October 1-2, 9:00 am – 3:00 pm
Instructor: Kaley Anderson
Location: Anoka-Ramsey Community College, Professional Training Building, D100
11200 Mississippi Blvd NW, Coon Rapids
Recommended textbook (additional fee): Endoscope Reprocessing Manual, 2nd Ed., Healthcare Sterile Processing Association
Dates & Times:
|10/1/2022 9:00AM – 3:00PM||Anoka-Ramsey Community College, Professional Training Building, D100|
|10/2/2022 9:00AM – 3:00PM||Anoka-Ramsey Community College, Professional Training Building, D100|
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George was born on the private Oakley Estate in Shropshire where his father was the mechanic / chauffeur. He first started working as a gardener at Betton House, Market Drayton and this proved to be the making of him. It was here that George trained under Harold Peto's Head Gardener, a great plantsman, Bill Harris. Mr Harris knew both Gertrude Jekyll and Edwin Lutyens and he became George's mentor. George became inspired by the enthusiasm and knowledge that Mr Harris imparted. Even today George pays tribute to the great man but regrets never having been able to tell him. "He brought the people and the stories alive" says George. "I can't believe how lucky I was to train under him, he was truly an inspiration to me"
George must have been a great pupil, because when Mr Harris retired, George took over the role of Head Gardener at Betton House. Later, he learnt new skills and sub-tropical plants when he went to work at The Abbey Gardens on Tresco. But George's place in history was sealed when he moved to The Dorothy Clive Garden run by The Willoughbridge Garden Trust. Here, his great skills as a plantsman came to the fore in developing the entire garden, but the Woodland, Rock Garden and Scree, Waterfall and ornamental borders are all noteworthy examples of his work. George is recognised within the PGG as one of the very best plantsmen in the country and he has passed on some of this knowledge to his two sons, also professional horticulturists.
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Commuting to work in heavy traffic is enough to steam even the calmest of drivers. And with 130 million American workers sharing the roads each day, it can be tough to stay relaxed behind the wheel. However, finding ways to chill out while driving helps you stay road safe and also protects your health by reducing cortisol and blood pressure levels. How do you do it?
- Plan in advance: Having fewer chores in the morning helps keep you running on time and less worried about getting it all done. Each night, pack you and your kids’ lunches, choose an outfit and set the timer on the coffee maker. Trimming even ten minutes off your morning routine can be a big relief and reduce your stress levels before hitting the road.
- Utilize flexible hours: While some employers may stick to rigid work hours, many jobs are now allowing their employees more flexibility to provide a better work-home balance. Talk to your supervisor to see if you can work from 10 to 6 instead of 9 to 5, or whatever hours work best for your schedule. Missing the bulk of rush hour traffic can reduce a lot of the commuting stressors.
- Turn on the radio: While it’s important to stay focused on the road, you can distract yourself from the frustration by listening to music. Classical music in particular has been studied for its ability to lower blood pressure and anxiety levels. If that’s not your cup of tea, try listening to an audiobook, a talk radio show or learn a new language. What better way to multitask!
- Put the phone down: Chatting on the phone, texting and checking emails behind the wheel is not only dangerous, but it can also be a source of stress if you’re having a frustrating conversation or reading an email about a problem at work. Our modern world makes information accessible and current, but it will all still be there once you’re safely parked.
Learn about more ways to stay safe on the road. Call Key City Insurance at (435) 656-8100 for more information on Victorville auto insurance.
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Xbox 360 Wifi Usb Wiring Diagram – There are numerous kinds of electronic gadgets on the market. The majority of them use USB cable. The cable can be used to transfer information from 1 device to another. It can also connect device to a power supply for charging purpose. Knowing xbox 360 wifi usb wiring diagram will probably be useful for you.
The diagram for USB cable will help if there’s an issue with it. Knowledge on recommending elements of USB will aid consumer in finding out that part that should be fixed. For crafty users that want to construct their particular USBs, this diagram will function as a principle.
Building USB Cable Based on USB Wiring Diagram
USB cable is also known to be a serial bus. The cable is made up of four threaded wires. Two wires, GND and +5v, are especially for power. The remaining two cables are for data signals. They’re called Dand D+. Before learning Xbox 360 Wifi Usb Wiring Diagram, there is another thing to find out about this cable.
There are four kinds of data rates in USB cable. The first one is Low Rate with transfer speed about 1.5 Mbit per second. Complete speed has transfer speed of about 12 Mbit per second There’s also Hi-Speed data transfer rate approximately 480 Mbit per second. The Super Speed rate goes past that with transfer speed of 4800 Mbit per second.
To be able to build a USB cable, then you have to collect these substances.
- Cat-5 cable of desired length
- USB connectors
- Shrink tubing
- Sharp knife
- Soldering iron
- Electric meter
- Stripper for wires
According to Xbox 360 Wifi Usb Wiring Diagram, there are just four wires used in the cable. Typically it uses black, green, red and white cable colors. Black cable serves as ground, just like in every other apparatus. The red one is to get sure cable with DC power of 5 liter. Green and white function as data cable with green indicates negative and white as positive.
If you are using Cat-5 cable then take only four of those cables with colours specified as in the former part. Utilize the solid wires, instead of the stripped ones. Strip about a centimeter from the ends. After that, pay for the whole wires with big shrink tubing. Each cable must also be covered by smaller shrink tube.
The following part is also essential in the process of creating USB cable. It is soldering the wires into the connector on an end. Being as neat as you can during this procedure is quite important. The cables shouldn’t cross each other as then the USB cable cannot be used in any respect. Depending upon the Xbox 360 Wifi Usb Wiring Diagram, each wire is completely protected from one another.
After the first end was finished, it’s time to proceed to the other one. To begin with, the electrical meter ought to be set into Ohm functioning. Match both ends till the meter creates a sound that indicates circuit. Once that happens, it is the right time to solder each cable into their respective parts. Twist the wires with shrink tube also.
Once the USB cable was fully created, it is time to check the tool. User can check if the cable may help charging electronic apparatus that supports USB connection. Trying out the cable to check its data transfer capability is also highly recommended.
With knowledge of Xbox 360 Wifi Usb Wiring Diagram and its parts might help user discovering what’s wrong with the apparatus when it isn’t working. It can also help person building their own USB cable according to specific requirements, such as speed and cable length. Hopefully, this information will be placed to a good use!
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NAS currently has no provider, so no NAS services will be offered at this time.
What is Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome or NAS? NAS is a group of conditions caused when a baby withdraws from certain drugs he/she is exposed to in the womb before birth. NAS is most often caused when a woman takes drugs called opioids during pregnancy. There have been more than 4,000 reported cases of NAS in Tennessee since surveillance begin in 2013. According to the Tennessee Department of Health the highest rates of NAS in 2018 have occurred in the Northeast and Upper Cumberland Health Regions, and Sullivan County. https://www.tn.gov/health/nas.html
What are signs and symptoms of NAS? Signs/Symptoms may include: Trembling (tremors) Fever Irritability Seizures Excessive sucking Rapid breathing Poor ability or inability to feed High pitch cry
How long does NAS last? Symptoms related to NAS can last from one week to six months. Most babies are hospitalized for one to two weeks.
How is NAS treated? Treatment may include: taking medicines to treat or manage server withdrawal symptoms, receiving fluids through an IV, drinking higher-calorie baby formula. Skin to skin contact, swaddling, quiet surroundings and keeping lights low help comfort a baby with NAS
Key Points NAS is group of conditions caused when a baby withdraws from certain drugs he/she is exposed to in the womb before birth. NAS is most often caused by drugs called opioids. If you’re pregnant and taking opioids, talk to your healthcare provider before you stop taking them. If you’re not pregnant and you’re using opioids, use birth control until you’re ready to get pregnant.
The Sullivan County Regional Health Department is addressing Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome by working within the community to reduce the NAS rates through the following services: Works in collaboration with community initiatives to provide NAS and Family Planning education and resource referrals to high risk population within Sullivan County Provides information sessions for patients/clients regarding NAS and Family Planning services to Medication Assisted Treat-ment Clinics, Pain Clinics, and Recovery Centers and through the Judicial System. Works to educate local providers on community resources and provides up to date guidance on best practices regarding NAS epidemic
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WASHINGTON D.C. – Leslie Caldwell, assistant attorney general in the criminal division of the Department of Justice announced on Thursday the creation of a new team within its Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section (CCIPS) during a talk at a Georgetown Law conference titled, “Cybercrime 2020: The Future of Online Crime and Investigations.” Known as the Cybercrime Unit, the team is tasked with enhancing public-private security efforts.
Caldwell made sure to distance herself, the new cybercrime unit, and the Justice Department as a whole from what she described as the overarching misconception that privacy is an afterthought in the DOJ.
Of course, misconception is in the eye of the beholder given more than a year of unflattering revelations about government surveillance and alleged abuses of investigatory practices on the part of U.S. law enforcement agencies.
However, a large part of the Cybersecurity Unit’s mission will be to quell the growing distrust many Americans have toward law enforcement’s high-tech investigative techniques. Even if that lack of trust, as Caldwell claimed, is based largely on misinformation about the technical abilities of the law enforcement tools and the manners in which they are used.
“In fact, almost every decision we make during an investigation requires us to weigh the effect on privacy and civil liberties, and we take that responsibility seriously,” Caldwell said. “Privacy concerns are not just tacked onto our investigations, they are baked in. Privacy concerns are in the laws that set the ground rules for us to follow; the departmental policies that govern our investigative and prosecutorial conduct; the accountability we must embrace when we present our evidence to a judge, a jury, and the public in an open courtroom; and in the proud culture of the department.”
She went on to note that the DOJ dedicates significant time and resources to protecting the privacy of Americans from criminals who steal financial and credit card information, online predators that stalk and exploit children, and cyber thieves who steal the trade secrets of American organizations.
“Prosecutors from the Cybersecurity Unit will provide a central hub for expert advice and legal guidance regarding the criminal electronic surveillance statutes for both U.S. and international law enforcement conducting complex cyber investigations to ensure that the powerful law enforcement tools are effectively used to bring the perpetrators to justice while also protecting the privacy of every day Americans,” Caldwell said. “The Cybersecurity Unit will work hand-in-hand with law enforcement and will also work with private sector partners and Congress.”
The fight against online crime and privacy violations, she said, is a fight the government cannot win alone.
Beyond the new unit’s private partner outreach and public engagement missions, CCIPS team will simultaneously strive to ensure that cyber-legislation is shaped to most effectively protect networks and victims from attacks.
As an example of the sorts of outreach the Cybersecurity Unit will be involved in, Caldwell explained that earlier this year telecom providers were uncertain about the Electronic Communication Privacy Act’s restrictions on cyber-threat-related information sharing. This uncertainty, she claimed, limited the lawful sharing of information that could better protect networks from cyber threats. So CSIPS released a white paper in May examining the legality of information-sharing practices, explicitly stating that the sorts of information sharing those companies were being encouraged to take part in were completely legal.
*Image via Wikimedia Commons user Sembol; licensed under Creative Commons
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Lansley, G., & Longley, P. (2016). Deriving age and gender from forenames for consumer analytics. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 30, 271-278.
This paper explores the age and gender distributions of the bearers of British forenames and identifies key trends in British naming conventions. Age and gender characteristics are known to greatly influence consumption behaviour, and so extracting and using names to indicate these characteristics from consumer datasets is of clear value to the retail and marketing industries. Data representing over 17 million individuals sourced from birth certificates and market data have been modeled to estimate the total age and gender distributions of 32,000 unique forenames in Britain. When aggregated into five year age bands for each gender, the data reveal distinctive age profiles for different names, which are largely a product of the rise and decline in popularity of different baby names over the past 90 years. The names database produced can be used to infer the expected age and gender structures of many consumer datasets, as well as to anticipate key characteristics of consumers at the level of the individual.
Identifying the Dataset
This study uses the 2011 CACI Consumer register, which holds the credit card records of 44.8 million individuals, and birth certificate records to examine the popularity and gender assignment of names across time in the UK.
The datasets were spread across four distinctive places - the O2, a football stadium, a business district, and a shopping centre - for spatial analysis purposes. Researchers sought to remain true to the contemporary UK population as well as achieve an overview of the names and age ranges collected over the past few decades. Their strategy involved clustering, reclustering, allocating and reallocating data with an interactive algorithm that continuously changes data pieces based on other inputted data and their nearest centroids/ categories.
Key Assumptions Stated by Authors
Experiments in this study are founded upon the idea that consumption patterns are significant to the construction of individual gendered identities - patterns which are inherently different for men and women. Authors noted exclusion criteria that largely revolved around age and place of birth - namely that not all people (especially those below 18 or of low socioeconomic status) would have access to credit cards, and that a person may not be shopping for themselves only. Moreover, they recognise the incompleteness of the dataset in terms of multitude of adults born outside of the UK who now belong to the UK's adult population.
Despite the iterative machine learning processes, the datasets used limit the scope of the adults and genders included. This gender binary is then translated into consumption patterns. If a study is based on pre-conceived or axiomatic notions of gendered consumption, it is likely that the study and learned models will reproduce those same biases - creating a vicious cycle of stereotypical market identification and targeting.
While most names are uniquely distributed across ages and gender, some are more uniform and therefore not all names can serve as effective discriminators. In addition to showing the demographic attributes of credit card holders and the adult UK population, the study demonstrates that night-time residence or permanent addresses are not necessary for geospatial analyses. Lastly, the authors propose that this study can be useful for advertisement targeting.
This approach may not be as relevant in contexts where population data infrastructure is not archived or available. Additionally, it would be of little use in settings where credit cards are not the primary mode of payment.
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By Huw Jones
LONDON (Reuters) -Harmonised insurance protection schemes of last resort are needed across the European Union as consumers increasingly buy policies from outside their country, the bloc's insurance regulator said on Tuesday.
Petra Hielkema, chair of the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA), said cross-border premiums have been steadily increasing over the past five years compared with domestic premiums.
It also means that consumers are buying policies without knowing who is ultimately responsible if things go wrong, she said.
"Unfortunately we are seeing more cases, with policyholders in one member state receiving less protection and in case of failure less compensation than policyholders in another member state," Hielkema told EIOPA's annual conference.
"That, in my opinion, is unacceptable. It is therefore that EIOPA stresses that minimum harmonisation of insurance guarantee schemes is very much needed."
Insurers are regulated by their home supervisor, with EIOPA and watchdogs in EU states where products are sold by insurers from elsewhere in the bloc having little say over them.
The EU is currently amending its insurance rules and Hielkema said she was in discussion with the European Parliament on possible new powers, such as issuing a product warning, making binding recommendations to a national regulator, and stopping new sales of poor value products.
"When we talk to EU institutions, they listen, they see the need to support us on this," she told reporters.
The EU has set up a single banking supervisor, the European Central Bank, to directly regulate big banks in the euro zone.
Nevertheless, efforts by euro zone finance ministers to go further and create a common bank deposit guarantee system failed again last week as some states fear they will end up helping weaker banks in other countries.
Hielkema said there was no appetite for a single insurance supervisor like the ECB, but there was a need to better harmonise insurance policy protection and police poor value products more effectively.
"The problem will not go away," she said.
(Reporting by Huw Jones; editing by Jason Neely and Alex Richardson)
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In the modern age, skin conditions are becoming more prominent in people of all ages. It can be due to the environment in which the people grow up. Or the contaminants the air carries with itself. Either way, people now find themselves in a tight condition with their skin.
Acne is a common problem that young and old people face these days. Different issues bring different symptoms and causes. Often it becomes hard to predict the nature of the problem. And even a good treatment does not prove fruitful in most cases.
You can consider acne as one of those issues. Many dermatologists even say that acne can be persistent even after undergoing professional treatment. Anyhow, we need to be relevant to the title we need to focus on. However, before we begin, it is good to outline the key areas we will focus on. The following read will guide you through:
● Acne Causes and Symptoms
● Scar Reduction through Dermaplaning
● Blackheads Removal through Dermaplaning
● The Procedure in General
● When to Postpone
● Side Effects and Potential Risks
1. Acne Causes and Symptoms
Hence, let us begin with the causes of acne. Acne is a skin deficiency that develops in people of all ages. It is hard to predict the nature of the issue and its ages. However, some general and visible symptoms explain the picture a lot. Such an issue arises around the hair follicles present on your face.
The empty space houses portions of oil and the dead skin cells. Often you will find your hairdresser informing you about the black shades developing on your face. It is because, with practice and treatment, it becomes easy to predict the problem.
However, acne is not visible through one form or from one perspective only. The sufferers tell tales of how different symptoms lie under the same branch. Hence, you will find different ways acne can develop on your face below.
● Small pores that are closed from the front known as whiteheads
● The same pores but covered from the front known as blackheads
● Pimples develop on the skin as soft pores
● Red bumps develop on the face that can be stiff
● Large lumps on the face often become hard and thus result in pain
● Lumps developing under the skins that seem more painful than the ones on the skin
A good question arises regarding when to see a dermatologist. The best timing is hard to predict but only you can consider the right one. Researchers often say that once you try a good amount of home remedies and do not face a positive response, look for a probable cure.
Apart from your home remedies, you can also try out a significant and certified acne treatment. And such treatment is known as dermaplaning. The patients find and receive good and decent relief from acne through the following treatment.
However, the results do not last long but we do not have to go there now. First, let us consider what dermaplaning is. Such a treatment involves removing the top layer of your skin. This layer removing step also skims off the dead cells on your skin along with removing your hair too.
Dermaplaning, is also known by the name of blading. The process removes your acne scars deep under your skin alongside removing wrinkles. However, this perfection only comes when you consult a professional.
A skillful operator also minimizes the risks and side effects that might arise. But since the treatment procedure is not time-consuming, thus looking for a professional is the only major task on your hands.
The operators’ tool to skim off your skin is a dermatome. This tool contains an oscillating blade that removes your skin layer by moving back and forth.
Is dermaplaning good for acne? You will find dermatologists claiming that the process is great. But also you will find information regarding how the process can be a short living one. Most treatment operators claim that it lasts for around three weeks at maximum. However, if you plan to visit a dermatologist for dermaplaning, you must consider treatment for the following issues:
● Acne scars
● Skin damage from the sun
● Wrinkles that are mostly fine
● Dull and dry skin issues
3. Scar Reduction through Dermaplaning
People ask a lot about how dermaplaning can help acne scars. Dermatologists and dermaplaning have the best benefit and cure for acne scar reduction.
Blackheads result from acne deficiency and thus your skin becomes dull. However, the procedure for the treatment has to be such that the skin does not face damage. It is why most guides want you to locate a professional operator for your skin.
In addition, your scar reduction therapy does not always prove fruitful. In essence, there are some cases you need to consider when going for a scar reduction procedure. Many people find that adding in a chemical peel after a dermaplaning session is the best way to maximize your chances of clear skin.
However, at first, let us begin with the benefits of dermaplaning for acne. The dermaplaning procedure removes a layer of your skin i.e. the top one. This layer takes away most of your dead cells on the skin alongside the oils. Once the hair goes away, there is no remaining spot for the oils to get in. Such a procedure does not guarantee you complete removal of symptoms. Often you need to leave or postpone your treatment.
4. Blackheads Removal through Dermaplaning
Acne is a wider perspective or viewing angle for smaller issues it includes. Of all the issues regarding acne, people have to face blackheads the most. It is because blackheads appear more prominently than whiteheads. And thus, their presence and clogging on the skin appear bad. Hence, you need to look for a probable cure for blackheads and dermaplaning is one of those. Dermaplaning removes blackheads at best. Although acne treatment alone takes care of blackheads, people can get treatment especially for blackheads alone too.
Blackheads develop on the skin through dirty oils clogging on the skin. Importantly, the skin holes’ exposure to oxygen also causes blackheads. Such exposure causes these spots to develop, clog, and thus damage the skin. Through a professional dermaplaning treatment, you can make sure these spots stay away for long.
5. The Procedure in General
Derma facial treatment is the one to carefully begin, observe, and finish. Patients hand over their skin to you for treatment, and thus the importance is magnified. Most operators provide the patients with some anesthesia that keeps them awake. However, they remain in a relaxing phase. At first, acid cleaning removes makeup and other dirt from the face skin. Next, the treatment operators use iodine on your skin. It is so the acid cleaning on your face goes.
Then, your face becomes neat and ready for the major process. Dermatome with a blade of number 10 begins the work by slowly making contact with the face. An angle of 45 degrees is maintained to operate favorably. The best thing about this treatment is that the patient can instantly walk out of the treatment room after the procedure. However, at best, patients observe redness of the skin within a while of the treatment.
6. When to Postpone the Treatment
Treatment is always a stepping path towards the refinement of your body. For dermaplaning, there too are certain cases to skip. If you come directly from heavy or intense facial treatment processes, do not go for dermaplaning. It is because the following process removes your skin layer. And if you have undergone a similar tough process, your skin is under more threat than before. Often, high medicines do not require you to go for skin treatment. Thus, make sure you consult your doctor before going for such processes.
7. Side Effects and Potential Risks
Every treatment, rehab, or general medication procedure carries some risks. When a certain treatment needs to go on your skin, the risks multiply. The initial effects you will develop are your face turning red or some whiteheads developing. A person can witness major issues are scars developing after a few days. For this, your doctor or operator will need to soften them through some injections. Skin pigment development is also known as a side-effect. It develops near the areas where the dermaplaning procedure goes on.
Once you get the treatment, do not panic if you develop the effects. It is because a skin treatment through steroids always results in some issues. But within several days, the issues begin to go away or reduce. Moreover, the skin becomes brighter once you begin to observe after some days. You will see a considerable difference between dermaplaning acne scars before and after the treatment. But the downside is that within three weeks, the results will begin to vanish!
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This will be a multi-part posting describing the key features of BBB.
Base-By-Base (BBB) is a Java (platform independent) multiple sequence alignment (MSA) editor. Development was begun many years ago to provide a virologist-friendly tool to work with MSAs of proteins, gene sequences and also genome sequences (up to about 500 kb). Over the years we have added many unique features, as they have been needed by our own research with a variety of virus genomes; development has been driven by the users – who spend a lot of their day looking at a variety of MSAs!
BBB is available here.
The program is Open Source and freely available to all academic labs.
- The program edits MSAs and uses a unique system to display differences between sequences in a MSA. This makes it easier for the user to spot mis-aligned regions that need correcting (Figure 1A-D). The differences can be from adjacent pairs of sequences, sequences compared to a consensus, to the top sequence (Figures 1A and B).
- Sequences can be temporarily hidden/revealed. See “eyes†at left of window.
- 3-frame translations can be displayed for DNA sequences (Figure 2A).
- Top or Bottom strand can be shown for DNA sequences; compare Figures 2A and B.
- Sequence annotations can be read from a GenBank file, or added by the user (Figure 3). Users can also use a text window (Edit menu: Edit MSA notes) to jot down notes about an alignment; these are saved with the alignment in the .bbb file.
- You can also edit sequences! i.e. change the nucleotides or amino acids; see Figure 4. This can be very useful when you need to edit an assembled/annotated sequence for an occasional sequencing error.Figure 1A. Differences between sequences are high-lighted. Blue=nt substitution; Green=nt deletion; Red=nt insertion.
Figure 1A. Differences between sequences are high-lighted. Blue=nt substitution; Green=nt deletion; Red=nt insertion.
Figure 1B. Edited version of Figure 1A (my opinion).
Figure 1C. Same alignment as 1B, but differences are set for compare against top sequence.
Figure 1D. Same alignment and differences setting, but Sequence-2 has been moved to the bottom of the alignment (use arrows on left edge of window).
Figure 2A. Two sequences have been hidden. 3-frame translation is shown. Top strand is shown by default.
Figure 2B. Switched to bottom strand display (use top right button; 5’Top3’ in Fig. 2A). Notice direction of arrows in aa translation.
Figure 3. Gene annotations from GenBank file (pink); mouse-over gives gene annotation (#083) and nucleotide position. User-added comments: Blue=comment on Top stand; comments associated with strand not currently displayed are shown as outlines.
Figure 4A. Editing a sequence. First, select a region.
Figure 4B. Editing a sequence. Second, delete the selection.
Figure 4C. Editing a sequence. Third, add new nucleotides.
- Save alignments as .bbb files on your local computer. These documents can be reloaded back into BBB.
- You’ll find the Preferences menu, under the File menu.
- You can edit the names of the sequences (Edit menu)
- Paper+Pencil icon is for editing; Paper+arrow icon is for selecting.
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Easy e-paper finally comes to microcontrollers, with this breakout that’s designed to make it a breeze to add a tri-color eInk display. Chances are you’ve seen one of those new-fangled ‘e-readers’ like the Kindle or Nook. They have gigantic electronic paper ‘static’ displays – that means the image stays on the display even when power is completely disconnected. The image is also high contrast and very daylight readable. It really does look just like printed paper!
We’ve liked these displays for a long time, but breakouts were never designed for makers to use. Finally, we decided to make our own!
This breakout has a 2.7″ tri-color (red, black, and white) display. It has 264×176 black and red ink pixels and a white-ish background. Using our CircuitPython or Arduino libraries, you can create a ‘frame buffer’ with what pixels you want to have activated and then write that out to the display. Most simple breakouts leave it at that. But if you do the math, 264 x 176 pixels x 2 colors = 11.5 KBytes. Which won’t fit into many microcontroller memories. Heck, even if you do have 32KB of RAM, why waste 12KB?
For ultra-low power usages, the onboard 3.3V regulator has the Enable pin brought out so you can shut down the power to the SRAM, MicroSD and display.
We even tossed on a MicroSD socket so you can store images, text files, whatever you like to display. On the front is 4 user buttons labeled A, B, C, and D – they are all shared on the analog A3 pin so you only need one pin to determine what pin was pressed. Everything is 3 or 5V logic safe so you can use it with any and all microcontrollers.
Stop breadboarding and soldering – start making immediately! Adafruit’s Circuit Playground is jam-packed with LEDs, sensors, buttons, alligator clip pads and more. Build projects with Circuit Playground in a few minutes with the drag-and-drop MakeCode programming site, learn computer science using the CS Discoveries class on code.org, jump into CircuitPython to learn Python and hardware together, TinyGO, or even use the Arduino IDE. Circuit Playground Express is the newest and best Circuit Playground board, with support for CircuitPython, MakeCode, and Arduino. It has a powerful processor, 10 NeoPixels, mini speaker, InfraRed receive and transmit, two buttons, a switch, 14 alligator clip pads, and lots of sensors: capacitive touch, IR proximity, temperature, light, motion and sound. A whole wide world of electronics and coding is waiting for you, and it fits in the palm of your hand.
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ST. LOUIS (KTVI) – Zach Becker is the creator of Cal the Kidney.
“You know the idea is that he’s just terrible at his job so he just quits,” says Zach Becker.
His web comic he’s creating takes a page from his real life story.
Zach needs a new kidney.
“I had a lot of time in the hospital,” says Becker. “I spent about two weeks in the hospital. I might as well be proactive and take the energy and turn it into something good.”
His solution while waiting for an organ donor was to create a collaborative project.
He’s come up with a musical album featuring local artists and storytellers, and he’s also working on a web comic that tells the tale of a kidney that’s gone kaput.
“It’s getting more and more common with social media,” says Ellen Qualls, Transplant Coordinator for St. Louis University Hospital.
Becker is not alone.
While he’s using the information superhighway to spread the word, St. Charles resident Susan Sebacher is turning to local highways and roadways.
She’s asked relatives to put magnetic stickers on their vehicles.
Ellen Qualls, the transplant coordinator for St. Louis University Hospital has seen an increase in the last five years of creative ways people are looking to raise awareness and hopefully find organ donors.
“Social media like Facebook, putting out a website, a letter to their community newspaper,” says Qualls. “Some people have actually sent out letters to their family and friends telling them of the need for a transplant.”
In the meantime, while waiting on a match, Becker will be hard at work on the adventures of Cal the Kidney who will hopefully find a new home, just like his real life counterpart.
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Sarcos to debut snake robot with potential for fluid handling applications
Sarcos, a global manufacturer of advanced robotic systems, has announced its Guardian S snake robot, a first-of-its-kind robotic unmanned ground vehicle (UGV).
The Guardian S is the first-ever commercially available energetically autonomous snake robot, developed after years of research and in-field trials, and it is protected by more than 50 issued patents.
It is the newest addition to the Sarcos Guardian robot product line, and is designed for use in a wide range of industries, including oil and gas, maritime, mining, infrastructure inspection, public safety, security, and disaster recovery.
The Guardian S is expected to be available commercially in late autumn of 2015.
It weighs less than 8lbs, has up to 16 hours of battery life, can carry a full suite of sensors, and facilitates two-way real-time video and voice communications.
The robot is intuitive to use and can be tele-operated from miles away.
It can scale the inside and outside of storage tanks, pipes, maritime vessels, vehicles, and other vertical surfaces, and reliably traverse challenging terrain, including passing through narrow pipes and culverts or climbing stairs.
Sarcos will make the Guardian S available pursuant to a Robot-as-a-Service (RaaS) offering, with Sarcos providing free maintenance and upgrades to the robot.
Pricing for the service starts at $1,500 per month, making the robot more economical than UGVs with similar capabilities.
However, due to the robot’s obvious military nature and restrictions imposed by the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), the Guardian S may only be supplied to companies and government agencies located within the United States, unless prior approval has been secured from the United States Department of State.
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The Many Forms of a Flight-Qualified AntennaJune 2020
In a previous post, we mentioned some of the environmental testing standards that JEM Engineering follows in order to classify and qualify our antennas. In this post, we explore what makes a “flight-qualified” antenna, as well as the many forms it can take.
In order for an antenna to be qualified for mounting onto a non-stationary ground plane, it has to meet stricter vibration testing standards than it would for stationary mounting. Additionally, atmospheric factors have to be considered. A stationary antenna, if mounted outdoors, will also have to withstand harsher temperatures and weather conditions, and therefore pass more rigorous temperature, wind, dust, humidity, and corrosion tests, to name a few.
Naturally, a vehicular antenna, especially one mounted onto the exterior of the vehicle, will need to withstand the aforementioned non-climate controlled conditions, in addition to increased shock and vibration. A flight-qualified antenna, however, has to meet even higher standards than a vehicular antenna. Additionally, it has to operate well in high altitudes.
A flight-qualified antenna can come in many different forms.
We are proud to offer a variety of flight-qualified antennas, ranging from flat panel, to box-type, to blades, and even flexible peel-and-stick antennas. These antennas are suitable for a various applications, including multi-band communications, EW, ISR, SIGINT, as well as satellite communications.
Among our many box-style antennas is the JEM-238MFC, which comes in an ultra-low-profile form factor designed for 1.2″ (3.18 cm) cavity depth.
It is one of our Magnetic Flux Channel (MFC) antennas, which means it does not utilize electric charge to achieve propagation. That being said, it be placed directly on, or even within, conducting structure with no ill-effects on radiation or impedance match performance.
All measuring less than 9″ (22.6 cm) long, and weighing 1lb (0.45kg) and under, our box-type wideband sector antennas (WSAs) are portable and multi-functional. They feature 90-degree angle brackets, which allow for easy mounting and dismounting.
Specifically designed for aerodynamics, blade antennas are often mounted to the exterior surface of an aircraft. Ranging in size and frequency band, our UVW products used for ground-to-ground, air-to-ground, and ground-to-air communication systems. They are also optimal for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications. The UVW-0430A is suitable for sensor systems and low drag operations.
As the name suggests, a flat panel antenna, or FPA, is a simple directional antenna that is low-profile.
It’s very likely that you’ve heard the term “5G.” 5G means much more than faster speeds for one’s mobile devices. In this post, we briefly introduce 5G and contextualize the technology’s potential in the defense sector.
In this post, we explore some of the opportunities and challenges facing unmanned operations in the defense sector.
Artificial intelligence (AI), which manifests itself in different forms, from website chat boxes to unmanned military operations, is broadly defined as any system or machine that is designed to imitate human intelligence, in order to perform tasks and improve upon itself using the increasing amount of information it collects.
This year for Black History Month, we celebrate Dorothy Vaughan, Katherine Johnson, Mary Jackson, and Christine Darden for their perseverance despite the inequality they faced, and for their distinguished careers at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), where they lent their talents to furthering aeronautics and space travel.
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Table of Contents
What are the three parts of a grain?
All whole grain kernels contain three parts: the bran, germ, and endosperm. Each section houses health-promoting nutrients. The bran is the fiber-rich outer layer that supplies B vitamins, iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, antioxidants, and phytochemicals.
What do grains improve?
Grains are naturally high in fiber, helping you feel full and satisfied — which makes it easier to maintain a healthy body weight. Whole grains are also linked to a lower risk of heart disease, diabetes, certain cancers and other health problems.
Why are whole grains important?
Whole grains are packed with nutrients including protein, fiber, B vitamins, antioxidants, and trace minerals (iron, zinc, copper, and magnesium). A diet rich in whole grains has been shown to reduce the risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and some forms of cancer.
What are grains food group?
What is in the Grains ( cereals ) group? Grain foods are mostly made from wheat, oats, rice, rye, barley, millet, quinoa and corn. The different grains can be cooked and eaten whole, ground into flour to make a variety of cereal foods like bread, pasta and noodles, or made into ready-to-eat breakfast cereals.
Do we need grains?
Grains are not essential, and there is no nutrient in there that you can’t get from other foods. At the end of the day, grains are good for some, but not others. If you like grains, eat them. If you don’t like them, or they make you feel bad, then avoid them.
What is the healthiest grain?
Oats are among the healthiest whole grains you can eat. They’re not only packed with vitamins, minerals and fiber but also naturally gluten-free. What’s more, oats are rich in antioxidants, especially avenanthramide. This antioxidant has been linked to a reduced risk of colon cancer and lower blood pressure ( 6 ).
Do whole grains keep you full longer?
The benefits of whole grains Foods made from whole grains can help you avoid weight gain. The outer coatings contain bran or fiber, which keeps you feeling full longer.
Why do we need grains?
Grains are important sources of many nutrients, including complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber, several B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folate), and minerals (iron, magnesium, and selenium).
What does the grain group do for us?
Introduction. The grain group includes foods such as bread, tortillas, rice, pasta, and breakfast cereals made from wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, barley, or other grains. Foods from this group provide B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and folate), minerals (iron), and fiber.
Why is grain bad for you?
Refined Grains Are Extremely Unhealthy Because the carbs have been separated from the fiber, and perhaps even ground into flour, they are now easily accessible to the body’s digestive enzymes. For this reason, they get broken down fast, and can lead to rapid spikes in blood sugar levels when consumed.
Can you live without grains?
A grain-free diet allows most foods, as long as they’re devoid of grains. This includes fruits, vegetables, legumes, meat, fish, seafood, eggs, dairy, pseudocereals, nuts, seeds, and non-grain-based flours.
What are grains used for?
Around the globe, grains, also called cereals, are the most important staple food. Humans get an average of 48 percent of their calories, or food energy, from grains. Grains are also used to feed livestock and to manufacture some cooking oils, fuels, cosmetics, and alcohols.
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TIRANA, May 21
Numerous newspapers, television networks, travel websites are writing about Albania as the place to visit during 2018. Recently, the Spanish daily newspaper La Vanguardia wrote a similar article to its readers. The tourism industry is one of the most important sectors of the economy in Spain. While millions of tourists flock to the country every year, Spanish people are looking for destinations not affected by mass-tourism and Albania is perfect for them.
Two days ago, the Spanish daily newspaper La Vanguardia proposed to its undecided readers to travel to Albania if they are looking for a cheap and tempting summer destination to visit this season.
“It is likely that it never crossed your mind to include Albania among your possible holiday destinations. The reason is nothing more than the lack of information about a country that was isolated for decades,” La Vanguardia begins its introduction for Albania.
Moreover, it warns the reader that they will commit a serious mistake in case they don’t include Albania in their travel plans.
“Albania is shaping up as one of the regions with a huge tourism potential. If you like to discover authentic gems, consider visiting it before the country is overcrowded with tourists,” the article says.
The article highlights the incredible coastline full of unspoiled and even deserted beaches washed by the crystal clear waters of the Ionian Sea. In the meantime, cultural and historical elements from the past can be noticed almost everywhere.
“The impressionable ruins of Butrint, with more than 3,000 years of history, the historic center of Gjirokastra, one of the few well-preserved sites of Ottoman architecture, castles and bunkers are some of the many wonders, not to forget natural destinations like the Blue Eye, not to be missed in Albania” La Vanguardia concludes.
The article listed four other destinations including Montenegro, Croatia, Romania, and Morocco.
News Source: La Vanguardia
Photo Credit: Arton Krasniqi
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What is Kawasaki disease?
Kawasaki (say: "kah-wuh-sock-ee") disease is an illness that young children can get (usually children under age 5). It can cause any of these symptoms:
- Skin rash
- Bloodshot eyes
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Heart problems
- Joint problems
Kawasaki disease is an illness that involves the skin, mouth, and lymph nodes, and most often affects kids under age 5. The cause is unknown, but if the symptoms are recognized early, kids with Kawasaki disease can fully recover within a few days. Untreated, it can lead to serious complications that can affect the heart.
Kawasaki disease occurs in 19 out of every 100,000 kids in the United States. It is most common among children of Japanese and Korean descent, but can affect all ethnic groups.
Signs and Symptoms
Kawasaki disease can't be prevented, but usually has telltale symptoms and signs that appear in phases.
The first phase, which can last for up to 2 weeks, usually involves a persistent fever higher than 104° Fahrenheit (39° Celsius) and lasts for at least 5 days.
Other symptoms that typically develop include:
- severe redness in the eyes
- a rash on the stomach, chest, and genitals
- red, dry, cracked lips
- swollen tongue with a white coating and big red bumps
- sore, irritated throat
- swollen palms of the hands and soles of the feet with a purple-red color
- swollen lymph nodes
During the second phase, which usually begins within 2 weeks of when the fever started, the skin on the hands and feet may begin to peel in large pieces. The child also may experience joint pain, diarrhea, vomiting, or abdominal pain. If your child shows any of these symptoms, call your doctor.
How does my doctor know my child has Kawasaki disease?
Your doctor has given your child an exam and asked about his or her symptoms. There isn't a special test for Kawasaki disease, but your doctor may do some tests to see if another illness could be causing the symptoms.
Children with Kawasaki disease have a fever (sometimes as high as 104°F) for 5 days or longer. Usually, they also have at least 4 of the following symptoms:
- A red, patchy rash that may cover the whole body
- Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
- Swollen and red hands and feet and, later in the illness, peeling skin on the fingers and toes
- Changes in the lips and mouth, such as red, cracked lips, a very red tongue and redness in the mouth and the back of the throat
- Red, bloodshot eyes
Some children with Kawasaki disease have diarrhea, vomiting and stomach pain. Kawasaki disease might make your child very irritable and cross.
Doctors can manage the symptoms of Kawasaki disease if they catch it early. Symptoms often disappear within just 2 days of the start of treatment. If Kawasaki disease is treated within 10 days of the onset of symptoms, heart problems usually do not develop.
No single test can detect Kawasaki disease, so doctors usually diagnose it by evaluating the symptoms and ruling out other conditions.
Most kids diagnosed with Kawasaki disease will have a fever lasting 5 or more days and at least four of these symptoms:
- redness in both eyes
- changes around the lips, tongue, or mouth
- changes in the fingers and toes, such as swelling, discoloration, or peeling
- a rash in the trunk or genital area
- a large swollen lymph node in the neck
- red, swollen palms of hands and soles of feet
How is Kawasaki disease treated?
Your doctor will prescribe medicines to make your child feel better and to prevent the problems Kawasaki disease can cause.
Your doctor may give your child high doses of aspirin to lower the fever. Aspirin also helps with the rash and the joint pain. It can keep your child's blood from making clots.
After the fever goes down, your doctor might give your child a lower dose of aspirin for several weeks to reduce the chance of heart problems. (However, if your child gets the flu or chickenpox during this time, you'll have to stop giving your child aspirin for a while. When children take aspirin during the flu or chickenpox, they might get another illness called Reye's syndrome.)
Your doctor might also give your child a medicine called immunoglobulin to help prevent heart problems. Immunoglobulin is given intravenously (through your child's veins) for several hours. It has to be given in the hospital.
For more information, medical assessment and medical quote
as email attachment to
Email : - firstname.lastname@example.org
Contact Center Tel. (+91) 9029304141 (10 am. To 8 pm. IST)
(Only for international patients seeking treatment in India)
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Converting carbon into fuel is the next exciting frontier in the ever changing energy landscape. For this week’s Future Positive podcast, we get the scoop on the future of fuel with two finalists of the $20M NRG COSIA CARBON XPRIZE who are now successfully turning carbon into fuels.
First, journalist Amelia Abraham interviews Brooklyn based Staff Sheehan of Air Company, then she catches up with Jason Salfi of Dimensional Energy based in Ithaca, New York.
Staff Sheehan is the Chief Technology Officer at Air Company. He is a scientist and entrepreneur in the Renewables & Environment industry. Skilled in green chemistry, electrochemistry, process chemistry, chemical engineering, heterogeneous catalysis, and carbon dioxide conversion.
Jason Salfi is the CEO and Co-founder of Dimensional Energy, he is also a board member of Scale for ClimateTech which is dedicated to helping companies navigate time-sensitive, critical decisions throughout the full manufacturing process.
Enjoy listening and if you like what you hear, please subscribe, rate and leave us a review on Apple or wherever you get your pods.
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Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport
Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport, commonly referred to as BWI or BWI Marshall, is an international airport in the Eastern United States serving mainly Baltimore, Maryland and Washington, D.C.
With Dulles International Airport and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, it is one of three major airports serving the Washington–Baltimore metropolitan area. Located in an unincorporated area of Anne Arundel County, the airport is 9 miles south of Downtown Baltimore and 30 miles northeast of Washington, D.C.
BWI Thurgood Marshall Airport, a base for Southwest Airlines, is the 22nd busiest airport in the United States and the busiest in the National Capital region. It is named after Thurgood Marshall, a Baltimore native, who was the first African American to serve as an Associate Justice on the U.S. Supreme Court. This airport also draws large numbers of travelers from the Richmond, Harrisburg and Philadelphia metropolitan areas. BWI covers 3,160 acres of land.
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As a femaleundergoes menopause studyshows that their body fat tends to gettransferred Menopause Belly Support System much less in theirupper legs, arms, and also hips as well as more in their tummy location. Currently back to why womengainmorebelly fat thenmen as they obtain older. If you wish to stir-fry your veggies, do so in the so called "good" oils such as olive, soybean, sunflower or sesame oil. Avoid deep frying and hefty, fat packed sauces.
When cooking veggies, steaming or steaming will certainly not add any type of calories. Rather, use fresh herbs and seasonings to add flavour. There is inadequateevidence to claim much else concerning Menopause Belly Support System it "effectively". Also in the area of cancer cellsprevention, the evidence is only "solid", not definitive. It reduces your threat of prostate or Menopause Belly Support System discount breastcancer cells. There is lots ofevidence from studiesworryinggreen tea as well ashealth to make the followingdeclaration.
You must delight in activities that you delight in so regarding maintain your tension degrees to a minimum. Attempt to Stay Clear Of Being Emphasized: Many times, stress and anxiety is the largest contributing factor to adding weight. In this way, natural medicine will aid to boost your weight management. One example of alternating medicine will certainly be yoga exercise. When it comes to acupuncture, by applying stress near your ear, it will certainly aid you to minimize craving for food; after that for some teas and Menopause Belly Support System natural herbs, they can aid to detox your body, making you feel healthier.
You'll think twice before you taking those unhealthy as well as fatty foods once more when you have gone through this process. Practising yoga exercise will help you relax a lot more as well as their low influence stretching will aid you to have less depression or Menopause Belly Support System + Turmeric Curcumin No.1 DiscountMenopause Belly Support System + Turmeric Curcumin No.1 rage. Acne originates from the Greek word acme, which suggests a place. To understand exactly how pimples obtain developed it's finest to recognize just how the skin works.
First what triggers acne and how does it begin? Fantastic concern and I'm glad you were considering this. Fat melting foods are foods that push the on button for your body's metabolic process. The more quickly your body can melt fat the much faster your fat disappears. That suggests meeting your goals faster which has to be excellent. Fat shedding foods are foods that are enzyme-rich as well as they cause the quicker failure of food as well as more effective absorption.
The Turmeric Curcumin No.1 Heater strategy is a lot more reliable as opposed to numerous other weight decrease books also it's been weight management primary seller in last 2 years. Though the overview's name would truthfully sound a little overblown that stated, Weight loss Heating system is easy and also can be performed with much much less will power in contrast to various other fat loss programs. A look around at the thousands of Weight loss Heater site testimonials will confirm this.
Some dietary studies have concluded that those that consume an egg for morning meal on a day-to-day basis, in addition to or rather than salute as well as cereal, lose double the amount of weight as dieters who eat a carb based morning meal. Menopause belly fat conflicts with the liver and is a contributing element in a number of diseases, including type II diabetics issues, heart condition and also high cholesterol. While the storage space of any additional fat is bad, visceral fat is particularly negative.
Gingko is an additional remarkable her that can minimize the unpleasant menopause. But organic solution will never ever have negative effects. Yet over dosage may create any type of serious results. So you need to take them after consulting the experts. Additionally hormonal agent substitute therapies are readily available now; it has its own adverse effects. Many of the Menopause Belly Support System ladiesdeal with the issue ofjoint and also muscular pains. So, when you go on a diet regimen your body bangs on the hormonal brakes as well as your fat-burning prospective plummets.
Your body can not establish that you are lowering calories to suit your swimsuit or obtain trim for your secondary school reunion. Instead, use fresh natural herbs and also seasonings to add flavour. Guide clear of deep frying as well as hefty, fat packed sauces. When cooking vegetables, steaming or steaming will certainly not include any calories. If you desire to pan-fry your veggies, do so in the so called "great" oils such as olive, soybean, sunflower or sesame oil.
Remember, fresh is normally best.If you acquire icy fruits, see to it there is no added sugar. Fine examples of fruits that suit this category are nectarines (~ 60 calories), plums (~ 35 calories), Menopause Belly Support System + Turmeric Curcumin No.1 Review peaches (~ 65 calories), strawberries, apples, raspberries, Turmeric Curcumin No.1 discount and also blackberries Menopause Belly Support System + Turmeric Curcumin No.1 Discount . Second of all, you will not get here totally famished and also will certainly be able to maintain your eating plan. This idea serves a pair of functions.
Firstly, the about of healthy protein in the salad will most likely be insufficient to keep you pleased. If you enjoyed this write-up and you would certainly such as to obtain even more info concerning does protein burn fat kindly go to our web-page. Demand fruit, sorbet, or coffee for an after supper reward!
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Representation Being Made for CXC Students Affected by Blackout
Tuesday 7th May, 2019-The Director of Education is assuring students affected by Monday’s power outage during their EDPM exams that the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology is making representation on their behalf.
An investigation is being conducted by APUA to determine what led to the outage for more than an hour on Monday morning, just as students across the island had begun the first CXC administered exams for May/June, 2019. The power suppression halted the examination, since the paper that was being worked on required the use of computers.
Director of Education, Clare Browne has apologized for the inconvenience and says the ministry has already held discussions with CXC officials in Bridgetown, Barbados.
Director Browne explained that he had held discussions with APUA officials who gave the assurance that there were no planned outages, but what occurred appeared to have been unavoidable. He added that following the outage, every effort was made to ensure students were not deprived of the time in which the examination was to be completed.
A total of 2,317 candidates in Antigua and Barbuda have registered for the May/June Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate Examinations (CSEC). The first examinations on Monday were Electronic Document Preparation and Management (EDPM), Music Practical, Clothing & Textiles Paper 2 and Chemistry Paper 3.
Mr. Browne detailed that with some students affected during the EDPM exam, CXC will likely resort to an estimated grade.
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