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In the first debate, I began
It is a thorough and utter disgrace that anyone should be homeless in the 21st century in our country. It makes me wonder whether the welfare state safety net has any meaning whatever when people are out there, dying on our streets—and I do mean dying on our streets, because on Christmas day in 2006, Josie Razzell died in the stairwell of Easton Street car park in High Wycombe. She died of exposure. As a result, the Churches in High Wycombe came together in a story similar to that told by my hon. Friend the Member for Torbay (Mr Sanders). They were determined to ensure that never again would anyone die of exposure on our streets.
Read the short speech in full here. Later, I spoke in the debate on food banks:
The quality and quantity of welfare produced by the state has not been good enough for a very long time. It is astonishing and shaming that the welfare state can tax and spend so much, and yet leave people hungry. Some 12,000 children in Buckinghamshire live in income poverty, and one in five children in Wycombe go to bed hungry—that increases to one in three in some parts of my constituency. It is a scandalous indictment of the safety net that is the welfare state that this happens. But I am proud of the One Can Trust, run by Sarah Mordaunt, Kate Vale and more than 100 volunteers in Wycombe, which steps in with emergency food when the state fails.
The rest of that contribution is here.
For a long time, I believed it was enough to vote Conservative and get on with making a living and a life. I saw the scale of taxation, state spending and politicians’ promises and believed the welfare state was working. Too often it fails those most in need. It did when I was a child, it does now and it always will.
Even as the welfare state falls short, we cannot afford it. Already welfare states across the developed world have resorted to direct money creation – quantitative easing – to suppress interest rates so they can keep borrowing. It is wrong, it is counterproductive and it cannot go on forever.
The state may be populated like every other human endeavour by both virtuous and flawed, compassionate and indifferent individuals but it is in the end an instrument of power constrained by rule following. As I indicated in the first speech, there is another way. It is the unwanted solution, the one which is seized when all else fails. It is founded on love for neighbour and, often, love for God.
This Christmas, I hope many more people will hear the message which goes beyond the story of the birth of Christ and sets out the narrow road to real life. Both debates showed how much it is needed. | <urn:uuid:97de0d72-ac1b-48d8-95ff-1bfec430d6a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.stevebaker.info/2013/12/rage-against-the-machine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.975317 | 564 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Why didn’t ancient Rome have Dungeons and Dragons? I am talking, of course, about the game. Anton Howes presents the general problem:
A theme I keep coming back to is that a lot of inventions could have been invented centuries, if not millennia, before they actually were. My favourite example is John Kay’s flying shuttle, one of the most famous inventions of the British Industrial Revolution. It radically increased the productivity of weaving in the 1730s, but involved simply attaching a little extra wood and string. It involved no new materials, was applied to the weaving of wool — England’s age-old industry — and required no special skill or science. Weaving had been “performed for upwards of five thousand years, by millions of skilled workmen, without any improvement being made to expedite the operation, until the year 1733”, was how Bennet Woodcroft — one of the nineteenth century’s most important historians of technology — put it. (Lest you doubt that description of Woodcroft, he was, in addition to being an inventor himself, the man who compiled and categorised England’s entire patent record up to 1852, and who collected the inventions that would later form the basis of London’s Science Museum, particularly some of the earliest steam engines — among the most important machines in human history — that grace its engine hall today. My hero!) Weavers had been around for millennia, as had shuttles: one is even mentioned in the Old Testament (“My days are swifter than a weaver’s shuttle, And are spent without hope”). As a labour-saving invention, Kay’s flying shuttle was even technically illegal.
I keep coming back to this example, because it goes against so many common notions about the causes of innovation. When it comes to skill, materials, science, institutions, or incentives, none of them quite seem to fit. But I keep seeing more and more such cases. There’s the classic example, of course, of suitcases with wheels – why so late? Was the bicycle another candidate?
…The economist Alex Tabarrok calls these cases “ideas behind their time”. I tend to just call them low-hanging fruit. Hanging so low, and for so long, that the fruit are fermenting on the ground. I now see them everywhere, not just in history, but today — probably at least one per week. And I now have a new favourite example, suggested yesterday on Twitter by Jordan Chase-Young: tabletop role-playing games.
Was it lack of the right the bureaucratic mindset? Lack of numeracy? Lower population densitie? Were such games invented but then lost to history? Ultimately Howes rejects these explanations, I think correctly.
Physically, there was nothing that actually stopped the invention of such games centuries or even millennia earlier. It required no special level of science, skill, or materials. So why did it take so long? Rather than there being any constraints, soft or otherwise, I think it’s simply because innovation in general is so extremely rare. It’s a matter of absence, rather than of barriers. The reason we have had so many low-hanging fruit throughout history is just because very few people ever bother to think of how to do things differently. We are, most of us, quite set in our ways. So even today, when there are many more inventors alive than at any previous point in human history, the fermenting fruit still abound.
Innovation doesn’t happen very often. How many people have ever invented a new way of doing anything? If stasis is the norm, then we should expect that many great ideas are routinely overlooked. For an economist this is an uncomfortable thought because we tend to think that profit opportunities are quickly exploited (no $500 bills on the ground). But while that is certainly true for choices within constraints it may not be true for choices that change constraints. This is also consistent with Paul Romer’s views on the combinatorial space of possible innovations—when the combinatorial space is vast and the explorers few, the innovations will be few and far between. What times, places and institutions generate more explorers?
Jason Crawford on twitter has more background and thoughts.
Americans are worse at The Price Is Right than they used to be. On the game show, which has been running since 1972, four contestants are asked to guess the price of consumer products, like washing machines, microwaves, or jumbo packs of paper towels. The person who gets closest to the actual price, without going over, gets to keep playing and the chance to win prizes like a new car. In the 1970s, the typical guess was about 8% below the actual price. People underestimate the price by more than 20% in the 2010s.
This finding comes from recently released research by Jonathan Hartley, a data analyst currently studying public policy at Harvard University. A longtime fan of the show, Hartley was inspired to conduct his research after reading a research paper from 1996 that reveals contestants don’t use optimal bidding strategies—they too rarely bid just a dollar over the highest previous bid—and is one of the early economics papers to show how people could be irrational. Hartley wondered what else the data might show. He found that the accuracy of people’s guesses sharply decreased from the 1970s to the 2000s, and then stabilized in the 2010s.
And why? There are three main hypotheses:
First, inflation in the US was much higher and much less stable in the 1970s and 80s. When inflation is high and variable, people become more attentive to prices, noticing they are paying more for goods than before.
Second, the rise of e-commerce may have made people less sensitive to price. Research by the economist Alberto Cavallo finds that online competition has made prices more similar across sellers, both online and off. As a result, people may feel less of a need to do price comparisons.
Third, there are more products than ever. There are 50 times as many products at a grocery store than 80 years ago, according to the economist James Bessen.
Here is the full 2019 piece by Dan Kopf, via Rasool Somji.
Here is the transcript and audio, here is part of the summary:
Tim joined Tyler to discuss the role of popular economics in a politicized world, the puzzling polarization behind Brexit, why good feedback is necessary (and rare), the limits of fact-checking, the “tremendously British” encouragement he received from Prince Charles, playing poker with Steve Levitt, messiness in music, the underrated aspect of formal debate, whether introverts are better at public speaking, the three things he can’t live without, and more.
Here is one bit near the opening:
COWEN: These are all easy questions. Let’s think about public speaking, which you’ve done quite a bit of. On average, do you think extroverts or introverts are better public speakers?
HARFORD: I am an introvert. I’ve never seen any research into this, so it should be something that one could test empirically. But as an introvert, I love public speaking because I like being alone, and you’re never more alone than when you’re on the stage. No one is going to bother you when you’re up there. I find it a great way to interact with people because they don’t talk back.
COWEN: What other non-obvious traits do you think predict being good at public speaking?
HARFORD: Hmmm. You need to be willing to rehearse and also willing to improvise and make stuff up as you go along. And I think it’s hard for somebody to be willing to do both. I think the people who like to rehearse end up rehearsing too much and being too stiff and not being willing to adapt to circumstances, whereas the people who are happy to improvise don’t rehearse enough, and so their comments are ill formed and ill considered. You need that capacity to do both.
And another segment:
HARFORD: …Brian Eno actually asked me a slightly different question, which I found interesting, which was, “If you were transported back in time to the year 700, what piece of technology would you take — or knowledge or whatever — what would you take with you from the present day that would lead people to think that you were useful, but would also not cause you to be burned as a witch?”
COWEN: A hat, perhaps.
HARFORD: A hat?
COWEN: If it’s the British Isles.
HARFORD: Well, a hat is useful. I suggested the Langstroth beehive. The Langstroth beehive was invented in about 1850. It’s an enormously important technology in the domestication of bees. It’s a vast improvement on pre-Langstroth beehives, vast improvement on medieval beehives. Yet, it’s fairly straightforward to make and to explain to people how it works and why it works. I think people would appreciate it, and everybody likes honey, and people have valued bees for a long time. So that would have been my answer.
COWEN: I’ve read all of your books. I’ve read close to all of your columns, maybe all of them in fact, and I’m going to ask you a question I also asked Reid Hoffman. You know the truths of economics, plenty of empirical papers. Why aren’t you weirder? I’ve read things by you that I disagreed with, but I’ve never once read anything by you that I thought was outrageous. Why aren’t you weirder?
The conversation has many fine segments, definitely recommended, Tim was in top form. I very much enjoyed our “Brexit debate” as well, too long to reproduce here, but I made what I thought was the best case for Brexit possible and Tim responded.
This one is better than the other available conversations with Reid, here is the transcript and audio. Here is part of the CWTeam summary:
Reid joined Tyler to talk about all these leverage points and more, including the Silicon Valley cultural meme he most disagrees with, how Wittgenstein influenced the design of LinkedIn, mystical atheism, what it was like being on Firing Line, why he’s never said anything outrageous, how he and Peter Thiel interpret The Tempest differently, the most misunderstood thing about friendship, how to improve talent certification, what’s needed from science fiction, and his three new ideas for board games.
COWEN: If we think of Peter Thiel and Elon Musk, they could arguably, by the standards of many people, be called weird. I’ve reviewed all the books you’ve written and a lot of your public talks. I can’t recall you saying a single thing that’s outrageous in any way whatsoever. Why aren’t you weirder?
HOFFMAN: [laughs] Maybe I mask it better. That’s my Straussian element, that I hide my weirdness. I would say that a little bit of it comes down to a theory about what is the right way of evolving discourse.
I think I probably do have a variety of views that people would think is weird. I, for example, think of myself as a mystical atheist, which is neither the full atheist category nor any religious category, but some blend in the middle. Or the fact that I actually think that the notion of capitalism is one of the world’s leading interesting technologies, but it’s not a particularly good philosophy, and you’d think that’s odd for an entrepreneur or an investor, and so forth.
So I have areas where I would say groups of people would think I’m weird. I may not highlight it because I tend to always speak in a way to, how do I think I help us make the most progress? And I would only say the weird things if I thought that was the thing that would result from that.
COWEN: So there are weird things that are in your mind?
HOFFMAN: Yes, yeah.
COWEN: How did your interest in the late Wittgenstein influence the construction and design of LinkedIn? I’m sure they ask you this all the time in interviews.
HOFFMAN: [laughs] All the time. The question I’ve always been expecting. I would say that the notion of thinking about — a central part of later Wittgenstein is to think that we play language games, that the way that we form identity and community, both of ourselves and as individuals, is the way that we discourse and the way that we see each other and the way that we elaborate language.
That pattern of which ways we communicate with each other, what’s the channel we do, and what’s the environment that we’re in comes from insights from — including later Wittgenstein, who I think was one of the best modern philosophers in thinking about how language is core to the people that we are and that we become.
COWEN: What else from philosophy influenced the construction and design of LinkedIn?
Recommended. For help in arranging this Conversation I am very much indebted to Ben Casnocha.
The Duke of Cambridge has spoken of his “sadness” at the broken bond with his brother and voiced sorrow that the royal family is no longer a “team”.
As the Queen called emergency peace talks tomorrow at Sandringham to end the Windsors’ civil war, The Sunday Times can reveal that Prince William has said he feels sorrow that he and Prince Harry are now “separate entities” and expressed hope that they might pull together again in future.
“I’ve put my arm around my brother all our lives and I can’t do that any more; we’re separate entities,” he told a friend.
…Tom Bradby, who did the recent ITV interview in which Harry and Meghan confessed their sense of isolation, warned failure to keep the pair on side could lead the Duke and Duchess of Sussex to do a “no-holds-barred” interview that could damage the monarchy further.
…Harry and Meghan may have their security downgraded, with protection squad officers armed only with Tasers rather than guns.
That is the topic of my latest Bloomberg column:
Just hours after Iran’s missile strike this week on U.S.-Iraqi bases in Iraq, the Iranian government made an incredible claim: The attack, it said, had killed 80 Americans and wounded about 200, all of whom were immediately removed from the site by helicopter. U.S. officials, meanwhile, said that there were no U.S. casualties…
U.S. officials may be quite happy that Iran is claiming this “victory” without any Americans having to die. In essence, manufactured casualties may now be able to substitute for actual casualties, at least for some limited purposes.
The most likely purveyors of these fake-news casualties are the weaker sides in military conflicts. They can use fake news reports of revenge to pacify their populations. And the prouder a nation’s citizens are, the more useful such fake-news casualties will be. Fake-news casualties are also easier to fabricate in countries with censorship of the press, such as Iran.
To use the game-theoretic language of deterrence: Threats to retaliate in a painful way are now less credible because lying about retaliation is now an alternative.
Note that the U.S. does not have a comparable ability to invoke fake-news casualties….
But not all is rosy:
The possibility of fake news means that when more powerful countries wish to take action, they need to do something quite vivid and dramatic. There is no doubt — in either the U.S. or Iran — that America did in fact kill Soleimani.
All in the tradition of Thomas Schelling of course. Solve for the equilibrium!
That is the topic of my latest Bloomberg column, here is one excerpt:
Maybe Trump’s threat to attack cultural sites was not meant literally, but rather as a brash reminder that his retaliatory actions will not be constrained by world opinion, international law or the views of American elites. If so, such a signal, to be effective, has to harm the Iranian regime. Trump’s message shows that he doesn’t understand the calculus of retaliation very well.
Assassinating a military leader by drone, by contrast, is something the U.S. can do but the Iranian government cannot, at least not easily or without provoking even greater retaliation. That makes such a policy an effective deterrent in the short run, as it hurts the actual decision maker, and indeed that is what Trump chose to do.
By mentioning cultural sites, he in essence has decided to follow a very strong signal of action with a much weaker signal of words. If you are a hawk, you should understand that Trump’s talk of cultural sites is weakening his core message that retaliation will be effective. It is usually better game theory to follow up a highly impactful action with relative silence, but silence never has been Trump’s strong suit.
There is much more to the argument at the link.
Hosted by Alibaba’s founder Jack Ma, the four-hour entrepreneurial talent show had all the production values of The Apprentice.
But the glitzy televised extravaganza, in which 10 contestants battled for $1m in prize money in front of a boisterous audience, took place neither in the US nor China. The action unfolded instead on a stage in Ghana, the first of what is set to be an Africa-wide annual contest as one of China’s best known businessmen scours the continent for younger versions of himself…
Mr Ma came up with the idea of the $1m prize — and the Africa Netpreneur television show to go with it — after meeting young Kenyan entrepreneurs on his first trip to the continent as a special adviser to the UN agency Unctad in 2017…
The Netpreneur show is due to be broadcast in mid-December on two channels with a pan-African presence, South Africa’s DStv and StarTimes, a Chinese media company. During the filming, Mr Ma sat on a raised dais next to three fellow judges: Strive Masiyiwa, the billionaire Zimbabwean founder of telecoms and media company Econet Wireless, Ibukun Awosika, chairman of First Bank of Nigeria, and Joe Tsai, executive vice-chairman of Alibaba.
Where are the Smothers Brothers? Here is the full David Pilling FT story.
He’s one of rock’s biggest stars, but Sir Rod Stewart has finally revealed the fruits of his other great passion – model railways.
In between making music and playing live, Sir Rod has been working on a massive, intricate model of a US city for the past 23 years.
He unveiled it as part of an interview with Railway Modeller magazine.
He then phoned in to Jeremy Vine’s BBC Radio 2 show to rebuff the host’s suggestion he had not built it himself.
“I would say 90% of it I built myself,” he insisted. “The only thing I wasn’t very good at and still am not is the electricals, so I had someone else do that.”
Sir Rod has released 13 studio albums and been on 19 tours during the time it took to build the city, which is modelled on both New York and Chicago around 1945.
Here is more, via the BBC. Via Ilya Novak.
That is the topic of my latest Bloomberg column, here is one key excerpt:
A second factor, however, pushes in the opposite direction. If Trump is viewed as too corrupt, too poisonous or too unreliable by swing voters, some of these senators also run the risk of losing their jobs. These senators therefore wish to rein in Trump, if only for selfish reasons. Trump and his policies are not very popular, as illustrated by numerous polls. And some senators might decide that loyalty to country, and to the future of the world, also argues for constraining Trump.
Reining in Trump does not have to mean forcing the leopard to change its spots, which is probably impossible anyway. But it could mean nudging Trump to be less outrageous: Don’t respond to the Ukraine accusations by encouraging China to investigate Joe Biden’s son, for example. Be more careful in your dealings with Turkey and the Kurds. Refrain from calling Never Trump Republicans “human scum.”
OK, so now to take the next step: How can these senators possibly check Trump? The threat of impeachment is their most potent weapon…
The upshot is that McConnell’s power over the president is growing. These are exactly the kinds of wrist slaps Trump notices.
The question, of course, is how Trump will respond to critical signals from Republican senators. My guess is that he will not play a cooperative “tit for tat” strategy, trading signals in a rational manner to keep senators in line and proceeding toward an orderly resolution of the impeachment judgment from the House. Rather, the signals sent his way might enrage him or raise his stress level to the point where he behaves less rationally than usual. Then the Senate will have to work all the harder to constrain Trump, thereby upping the stakes — and the stress — once again.
We will see.
Learning to drive small cars helps rats feel less stressed, scientists found.
Researchers at the University of Richmond in the US taught a group of 17 rats how to drive little plastic cars, in exchange for bits of cereal.
Study lead Dr Kelly Lambert said the rats felt more relaxed during the task, a finding that could help with the development of non-pharmaceutical treatments for mental illness.
Time spent on social media has been blamed for increased suicides and depression, just as were other new technologies and pastimes such as phones and Dungeons and Dragons.
… but is social media the real culprit? Or are we engaged in a moral panic, perhaps not understanding the root of the problem? One major limitation of the current literature is that the vast majority of research on SNSs and mental health are cross sectional and cannot speak to developmental change over time or direction of effects. Additionally, research to date rely on traditional regression techniques that model between-person relations among variables. These techniques ignore individual processes that are vital to our understanding of the true relationship between these variables. Thus, the aim of the current study is to test a causal model of the associations between time spent using social media and mental health (anxiety and depression), using both between and within subjects analyses, over an 8-year-period of time, encompassing the transition between adolescence and emerging adulthood.
That’s from an impressive, 8-year long study. It’s not a random experiment but this is the most credible research on the question I have read to date.
Of course, this raises the question of why mental health is down and fragility is up among the young. One answer is that the evidence on mental fragility is flimsy, which is true in general, but the data on suicides is reasonably good and suicides among youth have increased a lot since 2000. I’m not sure of the answers but although social media fit the time trend I now down weight that explanation.
Hat tip: The awesome Rolf Degen.
The bi-polar confrontation between the Soviet Union and the USA involved many leading game theorists from both sides of the Iron Curtain: Oskar Morgenstern, John von Neumann, Michael Intriligator, John Nash, Thomas Schelling and Steven Brams from the United States and Nikolay Vorob’ev, Leon A. Petrosyan, Elena B. Yanovskaya and Olga N. Bondareva from the Soviet Union. The formalization of game theory (GT) took place prior to the Cold War but the geopolitical confrontation hastened and shaped its evolution. In our article we outline four similarities and differences between Western GT and Soviet GT: 1) the Iron Curtain resulted in a lagged evolution of GT in the Soviet Union; 2) Soviet GT focused more on operations research and issues of centralized planning; 3) the contemporary Western view on Soviet GT was biased and Soviet contributions, including works on dynamic stability, non-emptiness of the core and many refinements, suggest that Soviet GT was able to catch up to the Western level relatively fast; 4) international conferences, including Vilnius, 1971, fostered interaction between Soviet game theorists and their Western colleagues. In general, we consider the Cold War to be a positive environment for GT in the West and in the Soviet Union.
That is from a new paper by Harald Hagemann, Vadim Kufenko, and Danila Raskov, via Ilya Novak and Beatrice Cherrier. And via Kevin Vallier, here is a new paper on how Schelling’s game-theoretic notion of stability may have come from his very early work on macroeconomics.
The engagement ring (size 6.25) is in the fourth machine in the B3 slot, almost hidden among the more colorful gifts. Made by Fitzgerald Jewelry of Williamsburg, Brooklyn, it features a yellow rose-cut diamond surrounded by gray-colored diamonds set in 14-karat gold band with matte finish. It costs $800 before tax…
Ms. Kelly jokingly added that you could almost pull off an entire wedding with items from the vending machines. Grooms can wear the Duncan Quinn cuff links ($525) and a necktie ($285). Brides can carry a dried bouquet that stays fragrant for three years ($25). Photos can be taken with a Polaroid camera ($100). The machine even sells Polaroid film in color or black and white ($17 each).
Here is more from the NYT.
Robert Sapolsky, who studies stress in primates at Stanford University, says a chess player can burn up to 6,000 calories a day while playing in a tournament, three times what an average person consumes in a day. Based on breathing rates (which triple during competition), blood pressure (which elevates) and muscle contractions before, during and after major tournaments, Sapolsky suggests that grandmasters’ stress responses to chess are on par with what elite athletes experience.
“Grandmasters sustain elevated blood pressure for hours in the range found in competitive marathon runners,” Sapolsky says.
It all combines to produce an average weight loss of 2 pounds a day, or about 10-12 pounds over the course of a 10-day tournament in which each grandmaster might play five or six times. The effect can be off-putting to the players themselves, even if it’s expected. Caruana, whose base weight is 135 pounds, drops to 120 to 125 pounds. “Sometimes I’ve weighed myself after tournaments and I’ve seen the scale drop below 120,” he says, “and that’s when I get mildly scared.”
He has even managed to optimize … sitting. That’s right. Carlsen claims that many chess players crane their necks too far forward, which can lead to a 30 percent loss of lung capacity, according to studies in the Journal of Physical Therapy Science. And, according to Keith Overland, former president of the American Chiropractic Association, leaning 30 degrees forward increases stress on the neck by nearly 60 pounds, which in turn requires the back and neck muscles to work harder, ultimately resulting in headaches, irregular breathing and reduced oxygen to the brain.
Here is the full ESPN article, via multiple MR readers. | <urn:uuid:519bd56e-5d47-4c96-9320-78e0398139b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/category/games/page/5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.960227 | 5,904 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Food banks and charitable organizations are preparing for an increase in clients as federal unemployment benefits expire this week.
Through the Federal Pandemic Unemployment Compensation, recipients were eligible to receive $600 per week on top of their state benefits.
In North Carolina, which has some of the lowest unemployment benefits in the country, this made a marked difference.
Starr Markham, who has worked as a stagehand at local theaters for three decades, says she receives $187 from state unemployment.
"There's going to be a lot of people that are now going to be really, really reliant on other local services. That means churches, other community organizations are going to be overwhelmed," Markham said about the ending of the additional $600 payments.
Both the Food Bank of Central and Eastern Carolina and the Salvation Army of Wake County tell ABC11 they have seen an increase in the number of first-time clients since the beginning of the pandemic.
"We have definitely seen an increase in need since we started our initial response on March 16th. Using some Feeding America Data and projecting ahead, right now what we're seeing is about a 38 percent increase in food insecurity over what we were seeing prior to the crisis hitting," said Jessica Whichard, with the Food Bank of CENC.
While requests for help have tapered off since the beginning of the pandemic -- due in part to enhanced unemployment benefits and rehirings -- Whichard is preparing for some of that progress to stall with the end of the payments.
"Kind of for our own purposes, we're kind of getting ourselves back in that mindset of the very early days of this crisis," said Whichard.
"Families already experiencing homelessness, as those (benefits) run out I think we'll see that need. But also families and individuals who may be entering homelessness maybe for the first time. And just trying to think ahead and preparing for the need increasing," said Katie Gonzalez, with the Salvation Army of Wake County.
Both Whichard and Gonzalez said they are grateful for strong community support in the form of donations, but acknowledged a dip in volunteers, largely due to social distancing guidelines and health concerns.
"We have not had the larger groups that we were used to seeing. We're keeping those numbers small which has been a little bit of a challenge in terms of turning the bulk food that we get turned around into family-sized items. We also were really fortunate to have the National Guard with us for quite a few weeks to help kind of offset the dip in volunteers. They actually finished their tour with us so we are looking to continue the call for volunteers who are comfortable and able to come in," said Whichard.
Gonzalez shared which items were of particular need.
"Those non-perishable goods, canned greens, rice, pasta, and fruit," Gonzalez said.
The nonprofit Center on Budget and Policy Priorities found about 26 million American adults did not have enough to eat due to financial constraints -- a problem that also ensnared another 8 to 15 million children. Black and Hispanic families felt this burden at more than twice the rate of white families.
"I've talked to a few of the other food pantries too and they're also anticipating that need increasing so that's why there's donations coming in and everything as we prepare for that. We might (be) okay right now, but we will need to anticipate for the coming months of that need increasing," said Gonzalez.
Lawmakers are continuing to discuss a future plan to extend or replace the $600 weekly benefits from Federal Pandemic Unemployment Compensation.
Early indications are that future funding would be for a lesser weekly amount. If you're interested in donating to the Food Bank of Central and Eastern Carolina, click here. If you're interested in volunteering, click here. If you're in need of assistance, click here. If you're interested in donating to The Salvation Army of Wake County, click here. If you're in need of assistance, click here. | <urn:uuid:3bea287e-2a05-4f65-8557-a0c5bdf4727c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://abc11.com/food-bank-nonprofit-federal-unemployment-benefits-nc/6333213/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.976941 | 818 | 1.585938 | 2 |
About this project
In progress 2020 - 2023
DIDUNAS addresses an issue of concern in several countries of European Union, that is, students' under-achievement in mathematics. Students who do not achieve a satisfactory level of competence in mathematics are not equipped with the basic skills to cope in a numerate society. Engagement with mathematical topics develops the knowledge, skills and thinking capacity required by the majority of available jobs in the modern world. Further, mathematics is not only a core topic across all curricula but also mathematics competence influences students’ performance in other science subjects. By focusing on students' under-achievement in mathematics, DIDUNAS intends to enhance students’ learning opportunities and to reduce the percentage of students who leave school early without a qualification to get a job, which hinders the future prosperity and social cohesion of the EU as it is a major risk for unemployment and poverty.
Student difficulties in mathematics are seen to begin from early primary education and can – due to insufficient support – cascade into severe mathematical problems during learner biographies, which can even lead to functional innumeracy of students when leaving school. Therefore, it is significant to identify and characterize learning difficulties early in schooling, for teachers to be aware of initial difficulties and unfavorable preconditions, and to foster students adequately. Yet, identifying student difficulties at an early age is a challenging task for teachers – not least because young children tend to lack the ability to report meta-cognitively about their difficulties.
The overall purpose of DIDUNAS is to address students' under-achievement in mathematics early in schooling in Grade 1, in particular to contribute to the identification of underachievement and to the support of under-achieving students. For this purpose, DIDUNAS will (1) develop a digital tool to identify under-achieving students using eye-tracking technology (DIDUNAS-ET), which will circumvent the issue of students’ problems to verbally report on their mathematical difficulties. Students will work on digital basic mathematical tasks at a computer screen and eye tracking will be used together with Artificial Intelligence (AI) to identify students in need based on their eye movements. Based on this, DIDUNAS will (2) develop an App for the identification of under-achieving students (DIDUNAS-App): To make DIDUNAS available to a wide range of users, the App will work without eye tracking. For this purpose, dependencies will be used that will be established using machine learning and statistical approaches. Through such dependencies, mathematical difficulties can be studied even without eye tracking, e.g., based on patterns of response times or student error rates. To support identified under-achieving students DIDUNAS will also develop (3) support material for students (e.g., worksheets that respond to particular student difficulties etc.), material for teachers, and for students’ parents (DIDUNAS-Material). These materials will contribute to support students adequately, based on the identified profiles of difficulties.
Finally, DIDUNAS will make the insights and tools developed in this project timely available to young students, teachers and parents in the EU and communicate them to institutions and policy makers with the goal to substantially lower the number of under-achievers in mathematics.
- Andreas Johansson | <urn:uuid:c2e89e9e-30bb-450e-889a-f3b7b87bcbc3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oru.se/english/research/research-environments/ent/AASS/research/?rdb=p2435 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.931337 | 695 | 3.25 | 3 |
Class Dojo is our whole school reward system which allows parents and teachers to communicate effectively about our children and to work together to promote great progress both academically and socially. Please speak with your child's class teacher to ensure that you are signed up.
The All-Seeing Eye
(Prendergast Primary School Parent)
If my four-year-old daughter was ten years older, she’d be livid at the intrusive view my wife and I have of her time at school. We can peer into her daily life in a way that previous generations couldn’t have dreamt of. But this isn’t some form of Foucauldian hell for us to monitor and discipline, but rather an extra way for us to have quality discussions about her day, her friends and the activities she’s been doing when we talk in the evening.
We’re thrilled with her ‘big school’ for all the usual reasons – great atmosphere, brilliant staff, good facilities and, most of all, that the children are happy. There may be the occasional protest at drop-off but they are short-lived. The cherry on top of all this is the app, ClassDojo, which her teacher uses to keep the parents updated on what the class is up to.
At the press of a button we can see a photo stream of what they have all been doing, how many reward points have been given out and use an instant messenger function to have a quick and easy exchange with her teacher. I received a message earlier today asking us to bring in vegetables to be turned into soup later in the week – the class are reading The Enormous Turnip and the soup cooking is all part of a numbers learning exercise. Surely this is a much better way of finding out than a crumpled slip of paper in the bottom of her book bag.
Within five minutes of arriving at school, she is tearing up the home corner, playing on the playground, collecting tomatoes from the nature garden or learning a song for assembly. We know when there is a new class book, project or theme. We can see when she is given reward points and we know when she will be heading to the cooking classroom to make soup. The value of all this ‘virtual insight’ isn’t that it satiates our information-hungry natures (well, not just that anyway), but more that it encourages a quality exchange after pick-up time and helps us to complement the school activities at home. Whilst the app is not a silver bullet for seamless communication it does, so far, seem to be a way of encouraging good conversations about the day – and certainly helps to get beyond the typical ‘nothing’ or ‘can’t remember’ reply to the question ‘what did you do today?’.
With the best will in the world, there is only so much the teachers can update on at collection time when mobbed by a playground full of keen parents. It seems, perhaps counter-intuitively, that the demand on the teachers from parents is reduced, or certainly managed, by keeping them informed about the daily activities via the app. Or, if a message is received that warrants a proper conversation, time can be made to make sure this happens.
For me, a simple piece of tech that can lessen the load from the teaching staff whilst enabling parents to be confident in what their children are learning and how they can get involved can only be a good thing. We’re making the most of it whilst we can – by the time our daughter turns fourteen, for her sake and ours, our nosiness will no doubt have come to an end.
Posted on 13th October 2016 | <urn:uuid:dbd90587-5f34-4e66-addf-e6a575011a6e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.prendergast-ladywell.com/323/class-dojo | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.967585 | 772 | 1.851563 | 2 |
The first step in document management in a VDR is to create a document make up. Most VDRs have a bulk creation option. When you have created a document structure, you need to upload the files in the VDR. Always set up access levels to your consumers so you can control who can see which in turn documents and which info. After you have published the papers, you can give permission amounts to different users, which can be done with the help of data room computer software.
A electronic data place also known as a deal breaker room is known as a secure on the web repository for documents that multiple users require access to at the same time. Often , these areas are used by simply businesses intended for joint endeavors, mergers, and audit experditions. The security with this type of database is way superior to that of a physical storage facility where files can be taken and dropped. A VDR can be more accessible than a classic data place because it https://onlinevpnsoftware.com/the-importance-of-anti-malware-software is quickly available and widely available.
Document management in a VDR should be intuitive and easy to use. Users should be qualified to easily sort through the docs inside the VDR and start with the information they want. A VDR with this functionality may be difficult to do a comparison of since many arrive bundled which has a number of features. While this may sound like a good option, you should assess the different attributes of each VDR before doing. A VDR with these types of features may well provide an good ROI. | <urn:uuid:cb367970-53fa-4897-8169-97308ec6434d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://xetaihaiduong.com/document-management-in-a-vdr/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936399 | 324 | 1.632813 | 2 |
How to build a solar still to distill alcohol. This is a chapter from a book all about home production of ethanol to run your car, but I’m sure the Dukes would find a way to make moonshine with it. Obviously it works better the more sunshine you get, but I think it would work almost as well with winter sun as with summer, albeit for shorter periods. The active solar still described could have its pump powered by solar cells and theoretically run faster when there’s more sunlight, solving the regulation problems.
I’m against the production of ethanol as it’s currently envisioned by governments and corporations, because it’s taking away chunks of food producing land. The mash for the first brew should come from sugar loaded waste, not from perfectly good food products. On a domestic level would it be possible to make, say, an apple peel (and other compostables) brew that would taste vile but be a good basis for distillation?
Update Onfurther investigation I’ve found that the book has chapters on fermenting various base materials including starchy sources such as potatoes and cellulose materials including cor stalks and paper.
Technorati tag: EcoHouse | <urn:uuid:7f88a86b-8f62-49e2-8625-f7cd7cee6885> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://spinneyhead.co.uk/2008/10/08/wanna-become-a-solar-powered-good-ole-boy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963696 | 250 | 2.890625 | 3 |
OR WAIT null SECS
Two experts believe health tech can speed up processes in a physician’s workflow.
It’s no secret that physicians feel that health technologies like electronic health records (EHRs) are fueling burnout. What’s more, burnout has been shown to lead to suboptimal patient care and downstream costs of approximately $4.6 billion a year across an already high-priced U.S. healthcare system.
But the technology can also play a pivotal role in the fight against burnout.
“I think there are a variety of ways that health technology can help alleviate burnout,” Daniel Durand, M.D., chief innovation officer of Lifebridge Health, told Inside Digital Health™ at World Health Care Congress 2019 in Washington, D.C. He pointed to telemedicine and virtual visits as an opportunity to help extend the physician’s reach to underserved populations.
“If there’s a business model as well as a technological model that can get that done for a physician, then I don’t know any physicians that wouldn’t want those urgent visits taken out of the middle of their day so they can focus on the more complex patients and operate at the top of their license,” Durand said.
Technology can also help serve the right data to physicians at the right time within their workflow, helping them provide the best, most informed care for their patients, said John Bulger, MBA, chief medical officer of Geisinger Health Plan.
Moreover, health technology can automate many processes to help physicians manage tasks more quickly and in a more efficient manner. But it’s important to make sure that those processes fit well into the physician’s workflow, Bulger said.
“You have providers that are part of coming up with what that workflow is going to be, as opposed to something that’s forced upon the provider and they say, ‘Here’s this thing that’s going to help you,’ and it turns out it doesn’t because it creates more work for them in the long run,” he said.
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Reduce Physician Burnout | <urn:uuid:efbb3cb8-67b6-4d41-99fb-7567886c1378> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.chiefhealthcareexecutive.com/view/health-techs-role-in-decreasing-physician-burnout | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.9585 | 472 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Plausibility in Futures Studies (Journal)
“Covering methods and practices of futures studies, the journal Futures (Futures: The Journal of Policy, Planning and Futures Studies) seeks to examine possible and alternative futures of all human endeavours.” As part of the 50th anniversary celebrations of the journal, we call for a range of papers that deal with one of the central theoretical and practical issues in Futures Studies which is what we mean by ‘plausible’: What is a plausible future?
The concept of plausibility has a long history in Futures Studies and practice. Indeed, there is consensus around the view that the goal of Futures Studies should not be to merely focus on probable futures and quantitatively evaluate their consequences. If our goal is to open the mind to alternative futures and foster creative thinking, we might want to consider a range of possible futures whose likelihood cannot be determined.
But sufficiently complex problems with a long-term temporal scale generate many possible futures. For pragmatic reasons, we cannot explore them all, and need to narrow down our investigation to a subset of possible futures that remain challenging and are relevant to the problem at hand. Yet these criteria (challenge and relevance) on their own may still be insufficient to yield a small number of significant alternative futures to explore. Several criteria have been put forward, but perhaps none has been so ubiquitously appealed to than “plausibility.” In Futures Studies, plausible and implausible futures are routinely distinguished. However, both in theory and practice, the criteria for characterizing those futures remain either vague, objectionable, or implicit. In practice, the criteria used to assess plausibility of a future often boil down to its degree of deviation from the most probable futures. Plausibility, then, turns into a redundant concept and does not help to fill the gap between the narrow space of probable futures and the broad space of possible futures.
The goal of this issue of Futures is to make decisive progress in addressing the problem of plausibility. Is this a notion that can be pinned down and be made explicit thanks to concepts and tools borrowed from other disciplines? Or does plausibility have to remain partly implicit and based on impossible to fully articulate background knowledge and interests? Does it have to be abandoned altogether and replaced by other notions that could fulfill the same functions?
The contributions we expect for this issue of Futures should endeavor to advance the debate over the theory and practical use of plausibility in Futures Studies in novel ways and offer concrete pathways to make theoretical progress or change in futures practice. This special issue builds on three pillars: (1) Futures Studies practice; (2) Futures studies theory; (3) relevant work on plausibility in other fields and social practices that could help to rethink plausibility in Futures Studies. Thus, possible topics that we encourage include, but are not limited to:
1. Plausibility in Futures Studies Practice
Papers could address the role of plausibility in different epistemic, cultural, social, and political communities using Futures Studies. Is the notion of a plausible future equally important within all of them? How is it is construed, used, and challenged, for example, vis-à-vis surprising developments? Is plausibility deployed differently in high stake contexts where value pluralism about desirable futures prevails, such as societal futures, technological futures, the futures of food, the futures of governance? Do political or economic assumptions about the feasibility of some visions of the future (ideals, utopias), or the lack of desirability of other visions (dystopias, catastrophes) influence plausibility judgments? Does plausibility contribute to consensus-building or are some familiar clichés about emotionally resonating futures reinforced through participatory futures processes? Are there cases where a Futures Study team deliberately selected implausible futures they deemed worth exploring? What did they learn from such experience and what were the outcomes of their study, how was their choice perceived by their peers, study commissioners and users?
2. Plausibility in Futures Studies Theory, Methods, and Approaches
Papers could examine plausibility in Futures Studies with respect to a variety of theories, methods, and approaches in Futures Studies, and build on general theories, as well as more specific scholarship e.g., in the wake of Cynthia Selin’s Plausibility Project 2009-2012. See https://www.cynthiaselin.com/plausibility-project.html. For instance, how is plausibility theorized in modelling (boundary conditions), in contrast to scenario-building or visioning? Do some theorists provide tools for better conceptions of plausibility or compellingly argue for its dismissal? Should plausibility be understood as a descriptive notion or as a normative one? Is plausibility an attribute of worlds, events, entities, or explanations? How do various conceptions of plausible futures relate to tensions between realist and constructivist ontologies in Futures Studies?
3. Transferring Notions of Plausibility from Other Fields
None of us wants to reinvent the wheel. Relevant fields that have worked out the notion of plausibilityindependently of Futures Studies include history, law, economics, STS, anthropology, sociology, narratology, linguistics, cognitive science, psychology, philosophy, informal logic, urban planning, architecture, and design. Could rival or complementary notions of plausibility developed to answer other questions shed light on debates in Futures Studies? For instance, could pluralistic theories of explanations in philosophy help us to evaluate the plausibility of different explanations of how we could get from here to a possible future? Does narratology offer us tools to rethink plausibility’s aesthetic function in addition to its epistemic one? How could ways of conceiving and reconstructing plausible pasts from dispersed traces inform the construction of plausible futures?
Deadlines and submission instructions
It is advisable to discuss an abstract of the paper with the Guest Editors before submitting the full paper to the journal
· Papers may be submitted from March 1st 2018
· Deadline for submissions of new papers is August 31st 2018
· Expected date of online publication of papers is 3-4 weeks from final acceptance
· Each accepted paper will be published in print in the next available volume after acceptance.
· When all papers for the Special Issue are accepted, a virtual special issue will be available online containing all the final papers.
· Expected final date of Special Issue is February 2019.
Please read the guidance to authors before submitting:
Submit papers online at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/futures/
· Click on “Submit Your Paper”
· Log into the Elsevier online submission system ‘EVISE’, registering if you are not already registered.
· On the page titled Enter Manuscript Information:
· Select type of Issue: “SI: Plausibility in Futures Studies”
· Article type: (normally full-length article)
About the Journal:
Futures® is an international, refereed, multidisciplinary journal concerned with medium and long-term futures of cultures and societies, science and technology, economics and politics, environment and the planet, individuals and humanity.
Covering methods and practices of futures studies, the journal publishes new contributions to knowledge which examine possible and alternative futures of all human endeavours, as well as humankind's multiple anticipatory relationships with its futures. Futures® seeks to promote divergent and pluralistic visions and ideas about the future based on research and scholarly reasoning. | <urn:uuid:8eb228a8-e553-4213-8a3d-7422422c682f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.inth.ugent.be/news/plausibility-futures-studies-journal | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.914117 | 1,591 | 1.9375 | 2 |
A Closer Look at Warman v Fournier: Good news for online journalists
In my previous posting which focused on linking and its implications for copyright infringement, I mentioned the recent Federal Court of Canada decision in Warman and National Post v Fornier (2012 FC 803).
The case is important for some other reasons as well, and the Hon. Justice Rennie’s June 21st decision should be read by anyone interested in blogging, tweeting or other aspects of online journalism. The controversy involved three separate claims for infringement of copyrighted works. The first two claims involved articles, the third a photograph. Applicants Richard Warman and the National Post claim that the respondents, Mark and Constance Fournier, who operate the website www.freedominion.com, infringed their copyright in the respective works.
The first claim involved a 2005 speech by Warman entitled, “Maximum Disruption: Stopping Neo-Nazis By (Almost) Any Means Necessary”. The text of the speech had previously been entered as an Exhibit into a Canadian Human Rights Tribunal case and the respondents posted a scanned copy on www.freedominion.com without Warman’s consent, who then demanded it be taken down. The court found that Warman was the author and owner of the work and that the respondents authorized its communication by uploading a copy of it onto their server, thereby establishing the elements for a prima facie case of copyright infringement. But the court held that the claim was time-barred by the limitations of section 41(1) and it was therefore unnecessary to delve further into potential defenses.
The second claim was about a National Post article written by Jonathan Kay entitled “Jonathan Kay on Richard Warman and Canada’s Phony-Racism Industry”. The respondents posted a copy of the article on www.freedominion.com, but took it down and replaced it with excerpts after receiving demand to remove it from the website. Warman alleged that the remaining excerpts were still substantial reproductions of the work within the meaning of section 3(1) of the Act. In a very significant passage analyzing the meaning of the substantiality requirement in section 3, the court found that the requisite substantiality was lacking and that there was no infringement. In determining substantiality, the court applied a five part test:
“The relevant factors to be considered include:
a. the quality and quantity of the material taken;
b. the extent to which the respondent’s use adversely affects the applicant’s activities and diminishes the value of the applicant’s copyright;
c. whether the material taken is the proper subject-matter of a copyright;
d. whether the respondent intentionally appropriated the applicant’s work to save time and effort; and
e. whether the material taken is used in the same or a similar fashion as the applicant’s: U & R Tax Services Ltd v H & R Block Canada Inc, FCJ No 961, at para 35″ [para 23].
As to the first substantiality factor, the court said:
“Quantitatively, the reproduction constitutes less than half of the work. The Kay Work itself consists of a headline and eleven paragraphs. The reproduction on Free Dominion included the headline, three complete paragraphs and part of a fourth. Qualitatively, the portions reproduced are the opening “hook” of the article, and the summary of the facts on which the article was based. Most of the commentary and original thought expressed by the author is not reproduced” [para 25].
As to the fourth substantiality factor, the court stated:
“It does not appear that the excerpts of the Kay Work were reproduced to “save time and effort”. Based on the context of the posting, the respondents reproduced portions of the Kay Work to preserve a record of the facts summarized in the article, so that members of Free Dominion could continue to discuss those facts on the forum. Also, contrary to the applicant’s argument, the reproduction does include a summary or paraphrase of part of the work, specifically the second paragraph” [para 27].
The court did not find the other substantiality factors particularly relevant to this dispute and concluded that
“. . . considering the matter as a whole I find as a fact that the applicant has not established that the excerpts of the Kay Work reproduced by the respondent constitute a “substantial part” of the work, and there is therefore no infringement” [para 28].
But the court continued its analysis to find that “even if the reproduced portions of the Kay Work amount to a substantial part, I find that the respondents’ reproduction constitutes fair dealing for the purposes of news reporting, pursuant to section 29.2 of the Copyright Act“[para 29].
Before turning to an analysis of the six fair-dealing factors, Justice Rennie reiterated the CCH doctrine that fair dealing is best understood as an integral part of the copyright regime and as a user’s right, and that news-reporting should be given the same “large and liberal” interpretation as research:
“The SCC stated in CCH, at paragraph 51, that the fair dealing purposes (in that case, research) “must be given a large and liberal interpretation in order to ensure that users’ rights are not unduly constrained.” Applying this large and liberal interpretation to news reporting, I find that the respondents’ dealing in respect of the Kay Work falls within this purpose. They posted the excerpts of the Kay Work on Free Dominion to promulgate the facts recounted in that article. Thus, the first criterion for fair dealing is met. The news reporting exception also requires that the source and author be mentioned, which is also satisfied in this case“ [para 31].
Turning then to the 6 fair dealing factors, [(1) the purpose of the dealing; (2) the character of the dealing; (3) the amount of the dealing; (4) alternatives to the dealing; (5) the nature of the work; and (6) the effect of the dealing on the work] the court held that:
These factors militate in favour of a finding of fair dealing in this case. As discussed above, the dealing was for one of the allowable purposes under the Copyright Act. The amount of the dealing was very limited. The reproduced portion of the Kay Work contained mostly facts and did not contain most of the original commentary by the author. The nature of the work favours a finding of fair dealing. The Kay Work is not currently published, which supports a finding of fair dealing because one of the purposes of copyright law is to promote wider dissemination of works: CCH, at para 58. Furthermore, the dealing is not competing with the applicant’s use of the Kay Work because he does not seek to publish it. [para 33]
On the other hand, the court also found that some of the factors weighed less strongly in favor of fair dealing:
“…there was arguably an alternative to the dealing, namely providing a summary of the Kay Work instead of reproducing excerpts. Also, the character of the dealing does not strongly support a finding of fair dealing. The excerpts are widely distributed on the internet as opposed to the making of a private copy.” [para 34]
Balancing all the factors together, the court found that “the reproduction of the Kay Work falls within the fair dealing exception for the purposes of news reporting” [para 34].
“Thus, because the reproduction of the Kay Work did not constitute a substantial part, and even if it did, the reproduction falls within the scope of fair dealing for the purposes of news reporting, the application in respect of the Kay Work is dismissed” [para 35].
It is with respect to the third claim that the issue of linking arises. This claim involved a photograph of Warman (taken by photograher Barrerra and assigned to Warman) which Warman had posted on his personal website. Fournier never uploaded the photo to www.freedominion.com, but linked back to the Warman site. Later, Warman removed the photo from his website at which point the link from www.freedominion.com did not cause the photograph to be displayed. The court applied the general rule that “making a work available on an internet website accessible to the public constitutes authorization of communication by telecommunication” [para 36] and found that:
“The evidence is clear that the Barrera Work was posted on the applicant’s personal website and thus the communication of the Barrera Work occurred by creating a hyperlink to the applicant’s own website. Thus, the applicant authorized communication of the Barrera Work by posting it on his website and therefore there is no infringement” [para 37].
The court again stressed that Warman’s posting of the photo on his own website was within his own control:
“As the respondents submit, the Barrera Work was within the applicant’s full control and if he did not wish it to be communicated by telecommunication, he could remove it from his website, as he eventually did” [para 38].
While it is this last aspect of the case that is directly relevant to the issue of linking, bloggers, tweeters online journalists of all sorts can take much comfort in this decision. For one thing, we have another instance of a court giving purposeful effect to the language in section 3 that says the owners’ reproduction right is not even triggered without an initial substantiality analysis. For another, the broad application given to research in CCH is being applied here to “news-reporting.” And the treatment given to linking is consistent with the normal expectations of internet practice, previous case law, the statute and just plain common sense. | <urn:uuid:1fb80e39-3293-44ec-b36d-06f4f98590bf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://samtrosow.ca/2012/06/26/a-closer-look-at-warman-v-fournier-good-news-for-online-journalists/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948976 | 2,057 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Waterproofing the basement can be done inside or outside the basement with large differences in the work and costs involved. The outer seal on the surface is much cheaper and can be done to prevent water from reaching the walls, but will not face the hydrostatic pressure of a high-water table if present. If the problem is the hydrostatic pressure (high water table) or walk drains of external or internal page will be needed to relieve pressure. If you are looking for the service for water proofing then you can visit at https://www.waterproofingbathroom.com.au/.
Image Source: Google
Outer seal at the bottom of page requires installation footer drain tiles that are usually connected through the wall of the pump inside the house. This, however, requires digging a trench about 4 feet wide and 8 feet deep around the house. This is often complicated by plants, patios, sidewalks, etc., must be removed first. This requires a lot of work and is very expensive and is usually done as a last resort.
Interior waterproofing covers a multiple of solutions from the excavation of the perimeter of the inside of the basement and install footer drainage pipes which channel water into a casing pot where it is collected and then pumped by a pump sump for the descent outer hose or another line discharge. | <urn:uuid:494de27b-cb6f-43ce-b14b-5db4d7ff5d95> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://malibukiwanischilicookoff.com/tag/roof-water-proofing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.937958 | 268 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Discovery tour of Paris
This guided tour is a stroll through the 1st district of Paris, one of the oldest districts of the capital. We will start our visit on the Ile de la Cité, where we can admire the remains of an old Royal Palace and where, if the heart tells you so, I will tell you the fascinating story of these kings of France who ruled the country until the French Revolution.
Without ever entering monuments or museums, this walk will allow us to understand how Paris was built, to enjoy one of the most beautiful views from the Seine, to talk about the difference between a gargoyle and a chimera… and to admire the Pyramid of the Louvre inaugurated in 1989.
After a short detour through the gardens of the Palais Royal where we can enjoy the calm to discuss art in Paris and Street art or French restaurants and gastronomy, we will discover the Tuileries gardens up to the Place de la Concorde. At the end of the visit you can continue your stroll along the Champs-Elysées and walk to the Arc de Triomphe if you still have some strength in reserve.
I recommend this guided tour if you want to have a first approach of Paris and if you are looking for an easy and fun visit to do with your family. The children will be able to take advantage of breaks to run in the gardens we will cross. An easy visit rich in anecdotes and little stories that will make you want to know more about Paris and the Parisians who forged its history…
Useful information :
- Guided tour from € 180.00 (example price for up to 4 people)
- Meeting directly on the spot or possibility to organize transport to the meeting place, contact me
- Opening hours: every day from 10 am to 6 pm | <urn:uuid:0bfb3977-9c55-43f2-9bbe-c74b54dc6bd8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.en.astridparisguide.fr/discovery-tour-of-paris/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.921654 | 373 | 1.5625 | 2 |
When certain foods have been allowed to ferment in their own sugars and carbohydrates, a process begins whereby they become more than the modest vegetables they started out as – they turn into superfoods.
The healing powers of fermented foods can assist a multitude of health issues like leaky gut, IBS, digestive issues and can boost your immunity.
Kimchi is a traditional fermented Korean vegetable side dish that is salty, sweet and sour. It is a tasty companion to salads and hot dishes. As a fermented food, health benefits of kimchi include improved cardiovascular health and digestive system. The wealth of antioxidants in kimchi exercise healing effects in the medical conditions like cancer, diabetes, obesity, atopic dermatitis and gastric ulcers.
For those who aren’t dairy intolerant, incorporating a daily dose of fermented dairy can be incredibly beneficial.
Sometimes referred to as ‘cultured dairy’, fermented dairy contains powerful probiotics and enzymes which can aid in healing our gut.
Fermentation can occur naturally or by adding in lactobacillus bacteria, a bacteria already present (yet benign) in our gut. The lactobacilli then feed on the sugar and starch in milk, creating lactic acid and acting to preserve the milk.
The beneficial enzymes which are released in this process aid in the creation of various strains of probiotics that are excellent for everything from gut maintenance, to repairing the gut after a dose of antibiotics.
Kombucha is a drink made by fermenting sweet black tea with a living colony of bacteria and yeast. It’s lovely and refreshing, and is also a probiotic that promotes gut health.
Sweet & Sour Beetroots
Enjoy delicious beetroot all year long with this simple technique – you’ll never reach for the store-bought canned variety again!
Also known as fermented cabbage, sauerkraut is a powerful gut healer. It has been known to have an impact on brain health, with added benefits helping depression and anxiety.
“Probiotics also reduce inflammation of the gut… because anxiety is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms, reducing gut inflammation helps alleviate those symptoms,” said Matthew Hilimire from the College of William and Mary. | <urn:uuid:85611d5a-650e-46bf-9cfe-793e783034fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mindfood.com/article/fermenting-for-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.938126 | 472 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Daily electricity consumption in Türkiye decrease by 0.92% on Friday compared to the previous day, totaling 920,597 megawatt-hours, according to official figures of Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation (TEIAS) on Saturday.
Hourly power consumption peaked at 44,048 megawatt-hours at 12.00 local time (0900 GMT), data from TEIAS showed. The country's electricity usage dropped to the lowest level of 30,420 megawatt-hours at 07.00 local time (0400 GMT).
Electricity production amounted to 911,974 megawatt-hours on Thursday, marking a drop of 1.1% compared to Wednesday.
Electricity production from natural gas plants constituted 21.2% of total generation, while hydro power and wind energy contributed 17.3% and 17.1%, respectively.
On Friday, the country's electricity exports amounted to 9,921 megawatt-hours and imports totaled 18,544 megawatt-hours.
By Firdevs Yuksel | <urn:uuid:44621ac3-b776-4f17-90e0-a1b66627d0a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aa.com.tr/en/energy/electricity/turkiyes-daily-power-consumption-down-092-on-june-3/35521 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.839524 | 229 | 2.09375 | 2 |
A Tool for Researching Corporate Regulatory Infringements in the United Kingdom
Violation Tracker UK is the first wide-ranging database of enforcement actions brought against companies by government regulators in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. It contains more than 68,000 cases involving issues such as financial misconduct, workplace abuses, environmental offences and anti-competitive practices. Modelled on the U.S. Violation Tracker, it combines cases resolved since 2010 from 48 regulatory agencies. Violation Tracker is produced by the Corporate Research Project of Good Jobs First. Send inquiries to Philip Mattera. | <urn:uuid:b58ec240-28cd-4d78-95c5-0b86c419f694> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://violationtrackeruk.goodjobsfirst.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.934173 | 116 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Welcome to Blarney Manx cats
After over 30 years, we are no longer showing and breeding manx.
Please use our site as a resource for buying and caring for manx, information about manx syndrom, and how to pick out respectable breeders.
Commandments For Manx Kitten Buyers
- Don't hurry. Take your time. If getting a Manx, any Manx, right now, is your goal, then you could be sorry, and you will get what you ask for: just any Manx!
- Read more than one book. Do not base your whole understanding on generic descriptions.
- Talk to Manx breeders about temperament and personality.
- Contact the national breed club. Basic information on the breed is free, A local club representative can handle specific questions.
- Ask for names of club members you may talk to and learn from.
- Plan on attending cat shows that have Manx entered
- Be honest when you contact breeders about what you are looking for and your past experience with Manx cats.
- If you are not ready to bring a Manx into your home, have changed your mind, are still searching or have purchased a Manx from someone else, contact the breeder to have your name removed from the waiting list.
Reputable Breeders that We Recommend
Lovingly raised under foot
Puppies Occasionally Available.
Please Contact Them for More Information.
The Manx Syndrome Myth: The Myths & The Truth
by Richard Cullen & Sherman Ross, BS Eng.Phy., MS Ed, President, American Manx Club.
Technical Consultant: Karen Commings for Manx Cats: Complete Pet Owners Manual, (Barons, 1999) & Joanne Mattern for The Manx Cat, (Capstone Press, 2002)
Manx Syndrome is a subject of great concern to all lovers of the Manx breed. It is fraught with emotion, steeped in misinformation, and perpetuated by the ignorant. Perhaps some light can be shed on this subject by comparing some of the myths of Manx Syndrome to the actual truth.
Manx Syndrome is any of several birth defects related to the Manx gene and afflicting the Manx breed.
There is no common definition of what Manx Syndrome is. All of the conditions commonly called Manx Syndrome occur in other breeds of cat and other species of animals. Therefore these conditions cannot be linked to the Manx gene.
Manx have shorter backs than other cats because they have fewer vertebrae. This leads to severe neurological problems.
The Manx gene does not impact the spine above the pelvis. The gene causes the cat to have fewer caudal vertebrae causing a shorter tail. Manx have the same number of vertebrae in the upper spine as any other cat.
Spina Bifida is a Manx condition.
Spina Bifida is a condition found in all animal species that have spines. It is caused by the neural tube that forms the spine not closing completely in the fetus. It is not related to the Manx gene. It has been shown to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. In humans the environmental trigger is insufficient folic acid during pregnancy. The environmental factor in cats is not known. Some Veterinarians have bred Manx with Spina Bifida in their genes and related it as a Manx Syndrome. This is really bad science. But unfortunately, since it was published in a Veterinary Journal, many vets believe this.
Urinary and fecal incontinence is a part of Manx Syndrome. It is due to insufficient nerve endings.
Incontinence occurs in all breeds of cats; it is not related to the Manx gene. There is no diagnostic for missing nerves except extremely careful and complete autopsy. Incontinence is related to spina bifida.
The homozygous rumpy is an automatic lethal, and is never born.
The Manx gene for taillessness is a variable-expression gene. This type of gene is also called an incomplete dominant. The gene is always present, but always variable. It acts very much like the white spotting or bicolor gene. Homozygous rumpy is in fact a meaningless term.
It is necessary to use tailed Manx in the breeding to prevent Manx Syndrome.
This is demonstrably untrue. A good MANX breeder can point to sound healthy Manx without tails in the pedigree for six generations. A much more important consideration is the length of the upper spine. Breeding excessively for shorter bodies causes the individual vertebrae in the upper spine to be shorter. Bred to the extreme, this causes problems in any breed.
You have found someone that raises Manx, & now you need to know:
Is This Breeder Reputable?
How do you know if the breeder you have contacted is a person of integrity committed to bettering the Manx breed?
Following are a few guidelines to help you make that determination.
A Reputable Breeder:
- Requires that pet-quality animals be spayed or neutered before they go to their new homes. Be very wary of breeders who do not mention altering.
- Requires a contract, these can vary, but spells out the rights of both the seller and buyer, health information, altering and buy-back/return policy.
- Shows a great interest in, love for and knowledge about the breed. He or she cares about placing their kittens in good homes and will interview potential buyers thoroughly, ask for references and refuse to sell a kitten if necessary. Be wary of a breeder that is eager to get rid of their kittens.
- Is actively involved in the cat fancy, including showing or breed clubs. A person who is not involved with others in the breed can be suspect.
- Guarantees a kitten's general health for a certain period of time. While no one can guarantee against inheritable diseases, a reputable breeder is well-informed about genetic problems in their breed and bloodlines, routinely has cats/kittens tested for problems and passes this information along to buyers. Beware of breeders who scoff at genetic testing and say their particular breed/line is problem-free.
- Is willing to provide answers to questions you may have and is willing to provide names of others who have their Manx.
- Will allow you to meet the kitten's parents if available and, if the father isn't available, be willing to show pictures.
- Follows up on placements. He or she is interested in how the Manx develop physically and mentally, difficulties in the owner/cat relationship and health problems.
- Rarely has more than four (4) litters a year.
- Sells to a Pet Shop
- Sells at Flea Markets
- Offers Manx For Auction
The environment, (raised "underfoot" in the home) in which the Manx are kept should be clean and well-maintained: Trust your insticts on this!
How To Select A Reputable Breeder
A large number of the kittens raised in the U.S. are raised by people who NEVER have another litter. Relatively few of these people are well informed, prepared for the experience and do a good job. They don't usually stand behind their kittens. Very few are equipped to take adequate care of all their kittens until they can be placed in good homes, regardless of how long that takes. Another LARGE PERCENTAGE of kittens are raised by "Kitten mills" that sell numerous litters of many breeds, or sell to retailers for resale.
A responsible breeder never sells to pet shops
That leaves relatively small percentages of kittens being raised by experienced people who are dedicated to one or two breeds and raising kittens for reasons other than maximum profit. Not all of these breeders are knowledgeable and conscientious.
How Do You Identify An Experienced and Conscientious Breeder?
- When you inquire about a Manx, the breeder will interview you. You know they will not sell you a Manx kitten simply because you want one and have the money to pay for one. They want to know that you can house and raise their Manx appropriately and that their kitten will have one "For Ever Home".
- You will talk to and buy the Manx from the breeder who raised the litter and owns or co-owns the mother. Conscientious breeders don't trust other people to screen new homes for them and would NEVER offer a Manx as a prize or for an auction. Their Manx kittens don't cost any more because there is no "middleman". All kittens will have had all of their Vaccinations.
- The breeder will know the ancestry of the kittens, not just Parents, but Grandparents, Great Grand Parents, etc. Not just titled and colors, but strong points and weak points of personality and structure.
- The breeder will tell you what genetic screening is necessary for the Manx, and will be willing to discuss problems.
- You won't see multiple litters of multiple breeds. One to three breeds is typical and one to five litters a year TOTAL is typical. You will see evidence (photos, books, awards) of long term interest and activity in the Manx breed. The kittens environment will be clean with ample room for exercise, and socializing.
- The kittens will not have been separated from their mother and littermates at less than 14 weeks of age. Many breeders consider 14 weeks ideal, some wait until the Manx kitten is 16 weeks or older.
- All things discussed and implied will be written down in a contract. The breeder will be there to help and advise you throughout the life of your Manx. The breeders will ask you to bring the kitten (or cat) back to them at any age, if for any reason you can't keep him.
- Unless you are very serious about becoming a student of your breed and a conscientious breeder, and dedicated to showing to improve the Manx breed (or any other breed), the kitten will be spayed or neutered before going to his/her new home. The breeding of a Manx is a responsibility that shouldn't be entered into lightly.
- The breeder will insist that you prepare an appropriate place at home for your kitten before you take him/her home. They will give you thorough personal instructions on feeding, care and a record of vaccinations and worming.
- If CFA registration application will be sent home with the kitten.
Be aware that CFA registration does not mean quality, or health. It only means that your Manx is registered. "Pet quality" kitten should be considered as just that! Even litters from very well bred parents usually contain only a few "show or breeding" quality kittens. The rest of the litter sold as pets and the buyers realize that these kittens are not to be used for breeding
What In Fact Is A "Reputable Breeder"?
Because just about anyone can throw two cats together and produce kittens, I have outlined a few guidelines for choosing a reputable breeder.
A reputable breeder:
- Takes responsible care of all of his or her cats (breeding stock & kittens), and provides:
- Sufficient companionship, affection, interaction & attention
- Nutritious quality food & fresh clean water
- Adequate shelter
- Proper vet care
- Parasite prevention/treatment
- Belongs to a national (and/or local) breed club.
- Abides by their breed club's Code of Ethics.
- Tests their breeding stock for any congenital diseases, conditions and strives to eliminate genetic problems by breeding only sound cats (shown to be free of any serious physical conditions and/or temperament problems).
- Only breeds cats that have excellent temperaments.
- Is very knowledgeable about their breed.
- Strives to better their breed.
- Immunizes their kittens' Sires and Dams (& their Kittens) against: Rhino, Calici. Panaleukepenia, & Rabies.
- Screens potential owners thoroughly, and does not sell to those who are unsuitable.
- *Educates potential owners, and discloses any pertainent information about their breed
- Discloses info about (and abides by) "The CAT Lemon Law".
- Neuters and spays all kittens that are not of superb quality.
- Offers new kitten/cat owners guidance and support (for the kitten's entire lifetime).
- NEVER sells kittens to brokers, pet shops or animal outlets of any kind (including so-called "Kennel/Cattery Clubs"). Period.
- * Shows and titles their cats *
- Supports or participates in breed rescue work whenever possible.
- Never breeds out of greed (and never over-breeds).Will take back a kitten or cat that doesn't work out.
- * A reputable breeder wants to know as much about you, your household, your schedule and your ability to properly care for a kitten (throughout its entire lifetime), as you want to know about the breeder's kittens.
Important Note: Many pet stores and puppy outlets tell prospective buyers that their kittens come from reputable breeders, even though the large majority of these places actually get their kittens from kitten/puppy mills and second-rate commercial breeding facilities
The bottom line is: No reputable breeder will ever sell their kittens to a pet store or kitten/puppy outlet, and no pet store or kitten or puppy outlet will ever admit to getting their kittens from a kitten or puppy mill | <urn:uuid:14b7bd42-dcb8-4623-abad-c44c5479229d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://manxcats.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.93585 | 2,851 | 1.609375 | 2 |
18363 is an odd composite number. It is composed of two distinct prime numbers multiplied together. It has a total of four divisors.
Prime factorization of 18363:
3 × 6121
See below for interesting mathematical facts about the number 18363 from the Numbermatics database.
Names of 18363
- Cardinal: 18363 can be written as Eighteen thousand, three hundred sixty-three.
- Scientific notation: 1.8363 × 104
Factors of 18363
Divisors of 18363
Bases of 18363
- Binary: 1000111101110112
- Hexadecimal: 0x47BB
- Base-36: E63
Squares and roots of 18363
Scales and comparisonsHow big is 18363?
- 18,363 seconds is equal to 5 hours, 6 minutes, 3 seconds.
To count from 1 to 18,363 would take you about five hours.
This is a very rough estimate, based on a speaking rate of half a second every third order of magnitude. If you speak quickly, you could probably say any randomly-chosen number between one and a thousand in around half a second. Very big numbers obviously take longer to say, so we add half a second for every extra x1000. (We do not count involuntary pauses, bathroom breaks or the necessity of sleep in our calculation!)
- A cube with a volume of 18363 cubic inches would be around 2.2 feet tall.
Recreational maths with 18363
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"Number 18363 - Facts about the integer". Numbermatics.com. 2022. Web. 9 August 2022.
Numbermatics. (2022). Number 18363 - Facts about the integer. Retrieved 9 August 2022, from https://numbermatics.com/n/18363/
Numbermatics. 2022. "Number 18363 - Facts about the integer". https://numbermatics.com/n/18363/
The information we have on file for 18363 includes mathematical data and numerical statistics calculated using standard algorithms and methods. We are adding more all the time. If there are any features you would like to see, please contact us. Information provided for educational use, intellectual curiosity and fun!
Keywords: Divisors of 18363, math, Factors of 18363, curriculum, school, college, exams, university, Prime factorization of 18363, STEM, science, technology, engineering, physics, economics, calculator, eighteen thousand, three hundred sixty-three. | <urn:uuid:ab5145cc-afab-4c6d-ac3f-ecec53a9272a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://numbermatics.com/n/18363/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.861222 | 605 | 2.15625 | 2 |
In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) model developed in order to estimate the average monthly soil temperatures in the Aegean Region of Turkey based on the topographic data. The soil temperatures, which have been taken from Izmir, Mugla, Aydin, Denizli, Usak, Manisa, Kutahya and Afyonkarahisar meteorological stations, have been measured between the years 2000 and 2006 by the Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS), and temperatures have been measured at depths of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 cm respectively below the ground level. The latitude, longitude, altitude, depth and lunar information have been used in the input layer of the built artificial neural network model while the soil temperatures recognized as a target data have been used in the output layer. An estimation model has been developed employing MATLAB program and the derived results have been compared with the actual values. As a result, it has been seen that the error values have been found within the acceptable limits. | <urn:uuid:aa85c8b0-8b13-4284-9dd6-c586a7d7605c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://avesis.cu.edu.tr/yayin/2c085301-22ec-4cc6-a720-9278301772be/determination-of-the-soil-temperatures-in-aegean-region-by-artificial-neural-network-method | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.934333 | 209 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Fire on board because of unseaworthiness?
A ro-ro carrier, UND Adriyatik, owned by the defendants UN Ro-Ro IsletmeleriAS,washalfwaybetweenPort Pendik (Istanbul) in Turkey and Trieste in Italy, on 6 February 2008 in Croatian watersintheAdriaticSea.At05.30,afire signal appeared on the bridge’s control panel. As it was not clear if this was a real alarm, the chief mate sent one crew member from the bridge and one from the engine room down to check as fast as they could.A fire, the cause of which was unknown, was raging on the main deck where trucks were carried.
The technical management and ISM/ISPS management were carried out by a ship manager established in UK.The crew’s certificates, as required by STCW Rules in force at the time that UND Adriyatik was built (2001), were genuine and accurate. The requirements of the ISM Code were satisfied and proper logs were kept.
However, the crew failed in fighting the fire in practice.The master of UND Adriyatik decided to abandon the vessel 38 minutes after the first fire signal on the control panel.The vessel stayed on fire for approximately six days,following which she was declared a total loss and sold for her scrap value. Despite the fact that all necessary certification and equipment were appropriate according to the SOLAS rules in force, all crew attempts to extinguish the fire failed due to inexperience and panic in heavy smoke, which impaired breathing and caused poor visibility.
More than 350 court cases are pending in Turkish courts with truck operators and their cargo owners and insurance companies as claimants. In Çobantur TurizmTicaret ve Naklyat Ltd v UN Ro-Ro Isletmeleri AS,1 the truck operator sued the ro-ro carrier. The Admiralty Court judge regarded the case as a test case.
The claimants argued that the ro-ro owner/carrier was under strict liability since the vessel was unseaworthy at the beginning of the voyage, per findings in the report of the Italian coastguard indicating that the fire pumps failed and the sprinkler system did not work. However,the defendants argued that the carrier was not liable since the damage had occurred due to navigational fault and/or the fire. Even if damage had occurred due to crew negligence, those two exceptions were envisaged in s1062/2 of the Turkish Commercial Code (TCC) and Hague-Visby Rules (HVR), art IV rule 2(a) and (b).
The defendants also disputed the claim on the ground that the certifications were clear and the fire extinguishing and pumping systems were operational.They argued that the fire had originated in one of the trucks on the main deck and that therefore cargo owners were liable.
Expert findings of fact
The judge requested the views of two court experts: one oceangoing master and one academic and practising lawyer regarding the responsibility of the ro-ro carrier.They concluded the following.
The fire had started at the trailer trucks stationed in the main deck of UND Adriyatik and spread from vehicle to vehicle, resulting in the destruction of the ship. She was built in 2001 and compliant with all relevant rules in force as of the construction date. There was no conclusive evidence concerning the true cause of the fire. The documents of the fire detection alarm system and fire extinguishing equipment on UND Adriyatik seemed to be in compliance with rules in effect on the date of the fire. The fire detection system of UND Adriyatik worked properly. However, due to the failure to report the fire and to raise the alarm on time, early firefighting measures of vital importance became impossible because of the lack of confidence and experience of the crew and a period of 15 to 20 minutes was wasted. The fact that an insufficient number of crew tried to reach the fire and that the firefighting equipment was not operational, probably due to high heat, caused doubts about the seaworthiness of the ship. The expert report also noted that the findings in the present case were insufficient to support the argument that the technical competence of the ship was insufficient. There was a want of solid evidence of the technical incompetence of the ship.
Cross-examination of witnesses showed that only the chief mate (second officer) was on the bridge, although one officer and one crew member were required to be on bridge duty. The court expert captain found inconsistencies in the witness statements and concluded that the manning was inadequate for navigating the vessel. Once the fire alarm had fulfilled its function, the best thing to do was to reset the system and send someone to the main deck to check the accuracy of the alarm and, if there was a fire, start firefighting according to the regulations. As the crewman was not at the bridge a visual inspection of the fire could not be performed in time. Indeed the chief mate was in such disarray that, although he reset the alarm a few times, alarms went not only from the section where the first alarm went, but also from other sections to the bridge. As the crewman was not with him, he had the bosun woken, notified the master and sounded the fire alarm. Crucial minutes were wasted, being the main reason for the fire spreading throughoutthevessel.Ifthefirefighting had started when the first alarm went, the fire could have been extinguished.
There was evidence that the two crewmen sent to the main deck were improperly equipped – they did not use their gas masks and one of them wore no protective suit; they could not breathe and abandoned the main deck.They thus failed in their mission of preventing the fire spreading due to non-compliance with the firefighting requirements.
The court experts concluded that the reason for the spread of the fire was not technical incompetence of the ship in firefighting, but crew failure to perform their duties during the fire.On this crucial finding, the court experts based their opinion. The shipowner could be held liable because of the unseaworthiness of UND Adriyatik. She was unseaworthy before and at the beginning of the voyage due to crew incompetence, although the documents reflected the contrary. This was the situation envisaged in TCC s1019/1 and 2 and HVR art III rule 1(a) and (b). The court experts concluded that the vessel was unseaworthy just before the beginning of her voyage with regard to crew competency. According to TCC s1019 a shipowner is responsible for making the vessel seaworthy in all respects for her voyage, including crew competency:
‘In every kind of contract of carriage of goods by sea, the carrier is obliged to ensure that the ship is seaworthy and suitable for her voyage (s817) and to ensure that cargo holds including the cooling system are suitable for accepting to load, carry and preserve them (cargoworthiness). The carrier is liable for damage resulting from unseaworthiness unless the carrier exercised due diligence but he could not discover the incompetency until the beginning of the voyage.’
Proof of due diligence in searching for unseaworthiness before the start of the voyage would have been the only possibility of exemption from liability for the shipowner.There might have been a causal link between the damage and the actual operational incompetence of the crew in firefighting, although their professional papers showed satisfactory competence, but the experts could not find any clarification of how a shipowner could discover crew incompetence where IMO certificates and training records were adequate. Their report emphasised that although it was open to debate whether the crew was incompetent in actual firefighting, the shipowner would in any case have been unable to detect their incompetence until the start of the voyage.
There was also a separate issue about the electricity cables of UND Adriyatik. IMO made amendments which came into force in 2005. UND Adriyatik was built in 2001 and exempt from any compulsory obligation to comply with those rules, including the requirement for heat resistant electricity cables. Although there was no compulsory regulation the court experts left the issue open as being academic whether a prudent shipowner should have taken action to renew all electricity cables to provide a more secure vessel for his employees, cargo owners and even for itself. The shipowner was not under any legal obligation to replace the electricity cables due to the fact that the revised IMO regulation put no obligation on older vessels.
The experts discussed limitation of liability with reference to the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims 1976 (LLMC) art 6(1)(b), to which Turkey has been a party since 1998. UND Adriyatik was 22,900 gross tonnes. 167,000 units of account per 500 tonnes and 167 units of account per tonne between 501 tonnes and 26,496 tonnes x 25,995
tonnes, that is, 4,341,165 units of account plus 167,000 makes 4,508,165 units of account. One SDR equals 1,8761 Turkish lira as of 6 February 2008, therefore global liability will be 4,508,165 SDR x 1,8761 = 8,457,768.36 TL. The sum of such of the amounts together with interest thereon from the date of the event giving rise to liability until the date of the constitution of the fund per LLMC art 11(1) should be added to the liability.
In the report it was stated that the certificates of seaworthiness of UND Adriyatik and the crew competence have the force of being prima facie evidence open to rebuttal; thus the claimant could not succeed in proving that the shipowner had failed to exercise due diligence in checking the seaworthiness of the ship at the beginning of her voyage.Therefore the ship was, de facto, seaworthy, unless the contrary was proven by the claimant. The claimant could not prove the unseaworthiness of the vessel at the beginning of her voyage. The judge also expressed his decision on the ground that this was a case of loss by fire, and that such loss was an exception from liability for the carrier not only under TCC s1062/2 but also under the new Turkish Commercial Code (NTCC) in force in July 2012, HVR and indeed the Rotterdam Rules.
TCC s1062 stipulates absolute non- liability for the carrier (see also NTCC s1180) if the damage results from fire or navigational fault:
‘The carrier is responsible for the faults of his workers and seamen as if it is his own fault. If the damage results from a technical fault or a fire, then the carrier is only responsible for his own fault. The precautions related to the benefit of carried goods are not considered as navigation or management of the ship. In case of uncertainty, the damage shall be deemed as not being a consequence of technical management.’
For this reason, the opinion in the expert report that ‘TCC is already very old; in new conventions non-liability for navigational fault is abandoned’ is arguably inappropriate. In this case, there is no possibility for the carrier to discover the deficiency resulting in theunseaworthinessoftheshipatthe beginning of her voyage:TCC s1019. In conclusion, the carrier cannot be held liable for loss caused by fire, nor for the unseaworthiness of the vessel before her voyage since due diligence was exercised in accordance with TCC s1019.
There is in the event no place for applying TCC s1019/2, and, by concluding non-liability of the owner/ carrier under s1062/2 TCC, it is understood that the defendant is liable neither for fault in the navigation or management by the crew members nor for the fire damage. In accordance with the expert report, the judge thus held that the defendant was right in its reliance on the exception in s1062/2 of TCC.The judgment has been appealed to the Appeal Court of Turkish Republic ‘Yargıtay’.
The Rotterdam Rules art 17(5) provides that the claimant must prove that the loss, damage or delay was or was probably caused by or contributed to by the unseaworthiness etc – the expectation that the claimant proves the unseaworthiness is therefore inevitable. Furthermore, seaworthiness is required throughout the voyage, not only in the beginning. NTCC will not modify the rule in TCC s1019. The shipowner is still not responsible for any defects giving rise to unseaworthiness if the shipowner can prove that it exercised due diligence in this respect and was not privy to any defect before the beginning of the voyage.
This should be changed in Turkish maritime law. The shipowner should be responsible for making the vessel seaworthy and keeping her in this condition throughout the voyage. In the present case, the judge should have discussed the issue of whether actual crew incompetence in firefighting might lead the discussion into the shipowner’s liability for making the vessel seaworthy. If the Turkish
Government adopts the Rotterdam Rules, NTCC will require amendment.
Government adopts the Rotterdam Rules, NTCC will require amendment.
Author: Prof Dr Vehbi S Ataergin | <urn:uuid:d2e82296-d4c0-4e00-a4f3-5b36bcdcc156> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://ataergintanriverdi.com/p/828/Fire-on-board-because-of-unseaworthiness | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.974483 | 2,789 | 1.507813 | 2 |
SpiderOak on Wednesday introduced a new syncing service for users of multiple cross-platform computers that want to sync documents, photos and other types of media.
The sync service provides users of the Mac, Windows and Linux systems to set up an umlimited number of sync routines between two or more locations. It does the sync without changing the folder structure on any of the computers.
The synced information can be on desktop computers, laptops, external hard drives, network drives or any combination of those devices.
SpiderOak says your files will remain safe with its ‘zero knowledge’ data encryption plus perpetual file and version storage that ensures access to older and even deleted files at any time.
SpiderOak Sync, which includes backup, storage, sync, file sharing and remote file access from any Internet-enabled device, is free for the first 2 GBs, and costs $10 a month from 2 to 100GB. There is an additional cost of $10 a month for each additional 100GB increment for an unlimited number of devices. | <urn:uuid:c9eaeb8d-fce5-4647-b5d7-c0252620ac4d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.macworld.com/article/196130/spideroak.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.91053 | 210 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Working and homeschooling at home this fall? The structure of school and work can help limit our eating to designated meal times. When we’re all at home all day, though, we may graze on less-than-healthy choices. What to do?
- Involve the whole family in planning meals and menus. Family members can suggest weekly menu items, including something new. The ISU Extension and Outreach Spend Smart. Eat Smart. (spendsmart.extension.iastate.edu/) website has planning tips and a Five Day Meal Planning Worksheet (tinyurl.com/yyhaf3w2).
- Get the family involved in preparation and cooking. They may be more inclined to help if the menu was their suggestion. Children will learn colors, shapes, reading, math, and science as they cook, without realizing they are “learning.”
- Prep meals in advance. View this video to learn how to Cook Now, Enjoy Later (vimeo.com/419747928).
- Make snack bins in your fridge and on your kitchen table for both perishable and nonperishable snacks.
– Nonrefrigerated Snacks: peanut butter; washed fresh fruit such as pears or bananas; individual bags of nuts, seeds, dried fruit, whole-grain crackers, or trail mix; individual applesauce or fruit cups; or Apple Cinnamon Bread (see featured recipe).
– Refrigerated Snacks: low-fat yogurt; precut vegetables and fruits such as apples, carrots, and celery; or high-protein foods such as cottage cheese, cheese sticks, hummus, or hard-cooked eggs.
- Keep sweet and salty snacks out of sight.
- Everyone “starving” right before a meal? Set cut-up raw vegetables out while the meal is being prepared. Watch Veg Out! (vimeo.com/419742344) for more on vegetables.
- Remember you don’t have to be perfect at this. Do your best as a family and have fun.
Adapted from American Institute for Cancer Research (aicr.org).
For more snack ideas see the ISU Extension and Outreach publication Snacks for Healthy Kids (store.extension.iastate.edu/Product/4605). | <urn:uuid:a47bbc48-d4d0-43bd-a6e5-d2047bce9aa6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogs.extension.iastate.edu/wellness/2020/10/27/lunch-and-learn/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.920351 | 484 | 3.28125 | 3 |
1. Design of Coastal Nature Based Solution
2. Valuation of the Biosphere – Ecological Value Stacking
3. Regenerative Management Tools
1. Design of Coastal Nature Based Solutions
The Weather Makers are experienced in designing Nature-Based Solutions at the coast
Water quality improvement
Sequestration of greenhouse gases
Regenerative fish catch
We are unique in applying engineering and execution methods for ecological poly-cultures fully integrated with dredging and reclamation works, such that it can be combined with other infrastructural projects. We strive to improve the water quality by mimicking nature, reinforcing natural processes and, boosting biodiversity through intelligent re-use of sediments in combination with eco-machine technologies.
WE CAN OFFER YOU
• Practical dredging methods (equipment, cut/fill balance, etc) as a starting point for large scale ecological development; • We have a multi-disciplinary engineering team and an extensive worldwide network • We provide low tech practical implementation methods; • We develop holistic business cases: use ecosystem function as a bases for sustainable harvesting of ecosystem services; • We deliver adaptive management solutions for stakeholders, based on monitoring;
2. Valuation of the Biosphere - Ecological Value Stacking
Restoration of the biosphere creates ecological values, including important UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The growth of the biosphere, or increase in biomass and soil organic matter, accumulates greenhouse gases (SDG 13 Climate Action). A larger and stronger resilient biosphere allows the growth of complex life forms and biodiverse food webs (SDGs 14 & 15: Life below water & Life on land). Increasing infiltration and retention of water improves water availability and quality (SDG 6: Clean water and sanitation). This is applicable to almost every project that includes earthworks.
WE DISTINGUISH THREE MAIN CATEGORIES FOR THE VALUATION OF THE BIOSPHERE
BIOMASS – WATER – BIODIVERSITY
We can offer to value your project in relation to its role within the biosphere and the contribution to weather and climate following the above three categories. We create a framework to quantify the project’s contribution to carbon sequestration, water quality, water availability, water safety, biodiversity, all based on the recycling of nutrients, ecological growth and natural (food web) relations.
WE DELIVER A PROJECT SPECIFIC HOLISTIC FRAMEWORK THAT CAN SUPPORT POLICY MAKERS AND DEVELOPERS IN DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE PROJECT
• Development: Selection of alternatives (e.g. in infrastructural projects, which alternative is best for biosphere, weather and climate?); • Procurement: As part of the Best Value Procurement within the tender process. • Execution: Dedicated monitoring to follow up the design during execution and validate the added values to the biosphere of the project.
On April 1st 2022 the consortium consisting of the Triodos Regenerative Money Centre, KplusV and The Weather Makers made an offer to the municipality of ‘s-Hertogenbosch to use the methodology Ecological Value Stacking as a foundation to develop the right financial instruments and governance structures to regenerate the Henriëttewaard. With the Ecological Value Stacking methodology we make it possible to model, calculate and monitor the benefits generated by ecosystem regeneration.
You can download the offer here: “Aanbod Natuurpark Henriëttewaard”. (Dutch only)
3. Regenerative Management Tools
The Weather Makers believe that every person involved in the regeneration and management of the ecosystem can provide an optimal value to the process when there is an environment of trust and respect. We build trust by monitoring and providing transparent results to all stakeholders involved by implementation of a Pro-Active Adaptive Realisation® (PAAR) methodology. This enables all stakeholders to give input to the system that is acted upon. | <urn:uuid:1d5886bf-4897-4d10-b19d-3eff0e7eb2ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theweathermakers.nl/elementor-1936/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.846749 | 842 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Life coaching is useful for a variety of reasons. Life coaches can be helpful for many different reasons. Some people might need assistance in their work and others may want help in improving their relationships at home and romantic partnerships.
There are many kinds of coaches. But what happens if you’re looking to develop your spirituality and become a better coach? It’s good news for clients who require assistance with their souls (and possibly other stuff too), this new term known as “spiritual” or ” spiritually focused ” coaching has emerged. The benefits could be significant for helping people to find the peace they seek and work towards living a happy and authentic lifestyle.
Individualization is a spiritual journey that allows the person to be more aware of themselves and feel more confident about their abilities. They’re guided by a coach, who is there to provide support for their journey to self-discovery . While working to achieve the goals of the client. what they want out of life. They also discover the meaning behind it all.
Clients’ goals are achievable through the coach’s listening skills. Although it might seem difficult initially, this skill becomes second-nature as time passes. You can hear people’s words through their body tone and language. This makes it possible to listen intently which allows you to gather vital information that could assist your client achieve their goals.
The client has to express their goals when seeking assistance from a coach. This will ensure that assessments and preliminary assessments reflect the goals of the client.
If someone is having difficulty developing integrity, the coach can assist him or her get on the right track. Life coaching is created to assist individuals in achieving their goals. They provide advice and assistance, as well as advice for those looking to make a difference in their lives.
This article explains the ways that a spiritual coach can assist people with different requirements. For example, helping people to establish good boundaries and an intuitive understanding of their own needs. They offer their services to all who wish to lead a an authentic life which is satisfying and enjoyable.
Life coaches have many tools they can employ to analyze their present state of their client and boost their chances of success. These abilities are naturally acquired and require continuous learning to develop these methods But most coaches know-how as it’s a part of theirs too.
Individuals who want to be life coaches need to be ready to dedicate an amount of time helping others in their spiritual journey. It is important to understand the basics. For instance what’s the distinction between a novice and an advanced Christian? This will depend on how long you’ve been practicing professional counseling skills. While it might seem that all terms are the same but new coaches might not be aware of the distinctions in them. This could make their job easier.
For more information, click spiritual self-help books los angeles | <urn:uuid:1853e656-5352-4267-a3fc-9c12f575443d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cubanparadises.com/spiritual-life-coaching-what-you-need-to-know/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.976619 | 589 | 1.796875 | 2 |
On July 19, the U.S. Department of State released its annual 2022 Trafficking in Persons Report, which assesses efforts by foreign governments to combat human trafficking.
Human trafficking is a global crisis affecting nearly 25 million men, women, and children worldwide. Victims of human trafficking are often lured with false promises by people they trust and are forced into prostitution, domestic servitude, and other forms of modern slavery.
This year’s report analyzes the performance of 188 countries and territories around the world, detailing how governments prevent trafficking, protect victims, and prosecute traffickers.
The State Department places countries in one of four categories.
Tier 1 is the highest-ranking tier whereby “governments fully meet the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000’s (TVPA) minimum standards for the eliminations of trafficking.”
Tier 2 and the Tier 2 Watch List are reserved for countries that don’t meet the TVPA standards but are working to make “significant efforts” to be brought into compliance.
Tier 3 is the lowest tier and includes governments that don’t meet the TVPA standards and are not making an effort to comply.
The State Department notes that 21 countries including Cyprus, Germany, and Iceland, were upgraded a tier for their increasing efforts to combat human trafficking. A total of 18 countries, however, were downgraded, including Brunei, Cambodia, and Vietnam.
Tragically, the report concludes that 11 countries have a “government policy or pattern” of human trafficking. This state-sponsored trafficking occurs in government-funded programs, through forced labor in government-affiliated sectors, sexual slavery in government camps, or through the recruitment of child soldiers.
As this year’s report makes clear, the scourge of human trafficking is a crime that knows no borders and is a stain on all of humanity. The fight to eradicate human trafficking strikes at the very core of our moral responsibility as human beings.
Survivors of human trafficking play a crucial part in the fight against this abhorrent evil. They engage in public outreach efforts, train law enforcement officers, support fellow survivors, work with government officials, and advocate before legislatures.
As the 2022 TIP report affirms, “Engaging survivors as partners is critical to establishing effective victim-centered, trauma-informed, and culturally competent anti-trafficking policies and strategies that address prevention, protection, and prosecution efforts. Meaningful engagement means collaborating with survivors in all aspects of anti-trafficking efforts.”
Human trafficking is one of the most tragic human rights abuses of our time. Ending this global scourge demands not only action, but also, cooperation. No single government or individual can do it alone. Governments, faith-based organizations, civil society, and survivors must work together.
Along with the TIP report, the Department of State honors courageous individuals who dedicate their lives to combatting human trafficking. This year, the State Department recognized six individuals from Bangladesh, Jordan, Liberia, Poland, Thailand, and Ukraine.
TIP Report Heroes are recognized for their tireless efforts – despite resistance, opposition, and even threats to their lives – to protect victims, punish offenders, and raise awareness of ongoing criminal practices in their countries and abroad.
These Heroes are a testament to the impact that each one of us can have in the fight against human trafficking. As honoree Mohammed Tariqul Islam said, “The TIP Report Heroes give us hope. The network of heroes is a reminder of the power each of us has to respond to the growing issues of human trafficking.”
The 2022 Trafficking in Persons Report and the recognition of this year’s TIP Heroes reinforce our nation’s commitment to eradicating human trafficking. | <urn:uuid:b359f47b-dda1-4db3-9ae0-0510a456a923> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gingrich360.com/2022/07/23/human-trafficking-a-global-crisis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.937783 | 771 | 2.5 | 2 |
In Elucidat authoring tool, with the help of its default features and inbuilt templates, we can create courses in less time. Though Elucidat does not allow extensive customization, it allows us to create our own templates to an extent. The output can be easily viewed in all devices.
The different navigation types that can be used in an Elucidat course are:
- Scrolling type course
- Navigation course
Scrolling type course
If you’re going with scrolling type courses, then need to add sections on the single page in the project and add the content in the layout mode, which will be viewed as a scrolling type course.
If you’re going with navigation, then you can add different pages and add links to navigate through different slides. This is ideal when you are dealing with large content and need to link slides.
Creating Brand style:
Once we are done with project planning, we need to create a style for the project. Style in Elucidat is all about the look for the project, which includes the colors, fonts, font size, logo, Elucidat elements colors, padding, button, button colors, and other features. So once we design the style with our standard colors and requirements, then every time we insert any element (accordion, flip-card intaerctivity, etc.), the color, font and other standards will be set as required.
Your brand style can be created by following the below steps:
Step 1: Click the ‘Theme’
Step 2: Click on ‘New Style’
Step 3: Give your Style a name
Step 4: Apply the colors, logo, font, etc.
Step 5: Once you are done with all the changes, click the ‘Save Changes’ button and the style is ready.
The options we will go through in creating the style will be of two types. One will have basic styles and other will have advanced styles. The list of all the options are shown below:
- Specific Logo
- Background colour for all pages
- Background image for all pages
- Font size
- Font for titles and headings
- Text colour
- Text background colour
- Main Navigation
- Media Player
Once all the changes are applied, we can use these style when we create a project. On clicking ‘Create new project’, you will be directed to select the ‘Style’ and ‘Name’ option. And if we want to make any further changes, simply click on ‘Edit Style’ from your project or go to ‘Styles’ and make the changes. | <urn:uuid:352d00fa-09d5-40b3-b7df-aede00bbccf2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.swiftelearningservices.com/planning-your-project-and-creating-brand-style-elucidat/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.852027 | 583 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Last modified: Wednesday, April 14, 2010
Nonfiction books by two IU professors selected for 2010 Magill's Literary Annual
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
April 14, 2010
BLOOMINGTON, Ind. -- Books by two Indiana University professors of English were selected for the 56th Magill's Literary Annual by Salem Press, a review of significant fiction and nonfiction published in 2009.
Judas: A Biography, by Ruth Halls Professor and Distinguished Professor Susan Gubar, and Slang: The People's Poetry, by Associate Professor Michael Adams, were among the 200 titles deemed the best in fiction, non-fiction and poetry for a general readership.
In Judas, Gubar analyzes how Judas personifies a composite Judeo-Christianity that illuminates ambivalent relationships between Christians and Jews -- as well as changing attitudes toward the body, blood and money; greed and hypocrisy; suicide and repentance; and homosexuality and divinity.
Gubar is also the subject of a one-day symposium this Friday (April 16), at which her former students and colleagues are invited to celebrate the impact of her books, articles, essays and teaching. For more information, see https://www.indiana.edu/~engweb/gubarSymposium.shtml.
In Adams' Slang, he describes slang as the creative expression of the every day, also delving into how people use language to form identity and how our brains actually process language.
Some of the authors included in this year's Magill's Literary Annual are Buzz Aldrin, Margaret Atwood, Dan Brown, Ha Jin, Edward Kennedy, Michael Connelly, Alice Munro, Dave Eggers and John Updike.
The essay-reviews in Magill's Literary Annual 2010 are about four pages long and are arranged alphabetically by title; each volume begins with a list of all covered books that provides readers with the title, author, a brief description of each work and a brief biography of the author or authors.
The text of each essay analyzes and presents the focus, intent and relative success of the author, as well as the makeup and point of view of the work under discussion. Essays are supplemented by a list of additional review sources for further study in a bibliographic format.
Salem Press was founded by Frank N. Magill in 1949; he remained its publisher and editor-in-chief until 1997.
For more information about Judas, named to the New York Times Editors' Choice list last spring, see https://newsinfo.iu.edu/news/page/normal/10535.html. For more information on Slang, named an Outstanding Academic Title for 2009 by Choice Magazine, see https://newsinfo.iu.edu/news/page/normal/11204.html. | <urn:uuid:3e082bad-2a3e-4972-9bcc-fc09cf562f01> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newsinfo.iu.edu/news/page/normal/14155.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.937404 | 588 | 1.609375 | 2 |
by Danny Roth
George created a thosand digit number by repeating the same non-zero digit one thousand times. He then replaced its first and last digits with another non-zero digit to create a thousand digit number with only two different digits.
Martha commented that the resulting number was divisible by seven. George added that it was actually divisible by exactly seven of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 11.
What were the first two digits of this number? | <urn:uuid:9c3bc0aa-c222-45eb-a93d-e47fb4d0104f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://brg.me.uk/?p=1800 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.953188 | 105 | 3.5625 | 4 |
To start out making an investment, separate your investment goals and objectives into permanent, short term, and long term (over several years). Then, figure out how much money you would want to build up for each and every purpose over the up coming several years. Calculators are helpful to discover your focus on volume inside of a a lot more concrete way. Next, it happens to be time to create your investment approach and begin investing. There are lots of locations to get started on committing: your ownstocks and your home, shared finances, and insurance coverage. Just pick which way appears probably the most sensible to suit your needs and start off.
When beginning making an investment, you will need to remember that you are an investor and not just a customer or vendor. Because of this you must know a thing about the stock exchange before shelling out. Read ebooks and examine organizations. Ask loved ones individuals who will be currently associated with committing for their information. Begin with recording things you should know, then look at them in assurance with others and in your own tone of voice, on paper if necessary.
It is recommended setting apart some cash to get started investment beginning, to ensure there is no need to dip involved with it during tough times. Your money you add besides to get going investing should be at the least three or four per-cent of the all round account harmony. You must also look into making use of substance fascination to raise your financial savings.
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Another way to commit is with diversification of your own investment portfolio. Diversification means dispersing your risk. So, as opposed to investing all of the profit an individual precise online business or firm, why not branch out your investment portfolio in different types of markets? In case you have other health insurance coverage plans, shares or some other bonds, why not put money into other forms which may interest you down the road.
Diversification does not necessarily mean getting all of your chicken eggs in a basket, for example. You should remember that you have threats in every financial investment, exactly why not earn some computed risks? You will probably have a smaller amount possibilities of experiencing economic setbacks as a whole for those who position your dollars into one kind of business. This way, you may lessen the complete potential for your collection and take full advantage of returns. There are a number of ways to realize good diversification from your investment strategies.
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Lastly, another great procedure for investing is through commodities investing, possibilities and currency exchange (Forex). There is no need to consider keeping an extended position considering that the selling prices have a tendency to go up and down in accordance with the up-to-date require and offer by using these. In order for that you receive far more, you should start placements at once or have got a limited situation. Using this type of, many others will not know that you are currently trying to pull out investments that you just may ultimately dispose of.
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Extreme temperatures have led to widespread problems and disruption to Britain’s railways, as trains operate at slow speeds and main lines are closed. Airport runways and some roads have also shown that they can be subject to heat.
Steel bars expand and tend to bend in temperatures – whatever the climate. according to railway network, railways around the world are designed to operate in the 45°C range, depending on local conditions. In the UK, steel bars are pre-stressed to the summer temperature of 27°C, while in countries with hotter climates, the bars are pre-stressed to higher temperatures.
Sleepers and ballast must keep rails in place in winter and summer in Britain. When the temperature reaches 40°C, the bars can reach 60°C, stretch and twist. A train traveling fast over the rails can speed up this process through the heat generated by friction, and can be at greater risk if flexing occurs – hence the Speed restrictions are widespread.
Overhead wires on electrified roads also expand and hang in the heat, and contract in cold weather. Engineers have solutions, with tension relieved automatically by a pulley system. But eventually, the counterweights hit the ground and the wires sag — making them more susceptible to tangling in the pantomizer, the device on top of the train that draws power from the lines.
Highways and strategic roads have been built with modified asphalt surfaces that – until now – must not begin to melt, be flex after 60°C, or an equivalent air temperature of 40°C, according to National Highways. However, the basic asphalt materials used in domestic roads – the vast majority – can begin to soften at temperatures up to 50 ° C. At this point, “The road can become soft and greasy, and hard for cars to brake,” says Professor Xiangming Zhou, Head of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Brunel University. This is why councils have put rock trucks, usually used in icy weather, on standby to cover the roads with sand and dust. He says paved and asphalt roads are cheaper and less abrasive to tires than some materials, but because they are black, they tend to heat up more quickly in the scorching sun.
About 4% of roads in Britain are built of concrete, which is more popular abroad for motorways and motorways and can be more flexible, but it is not immune to the problems of extreme temperatures, as the closure of the A14 shows. The Double Road near Cambridge was built with asphalt over old concrete slabs that expanded and curved in the heat, creating enough bumps to close the road overnight for emergency repairs.
Rick Green, of the Asphalt Industry Alliance, says the route to handle all temperatures presents a “huge challenge for design engineers”. At very high temperatures, “the surface does not melt, but the bitumen in it can soften,” “which increases the risk of deformation.”
Again, some of them can be tangible – but LutonAsphalt was the problem once temperatures rose in the mid-30s, Chu says. In the airport’s words, “high surface temperatures caused a small part to lift” — a buckle in the runway that engineers fixed within hours, but still caused major disruption to passengers. While local roads are often shaded by trees and houses, runways are completely exposed and exposed to more heat stress from planes landing and taking off. Repairs and maintenance are frequent.
Heathrow, which was hotter than Luton on Monday, also had a runway problem last week, when overnight repairs were not completed in time to land the planes. However, it has two listings and has not been forced to halt operations.
so what It’s the solution
Network Rail already spends hundreds of millions of pounds annually on climate change mitigation. However, most of it is to counteract erosion or damage through rainfall or storms. Future infrastructure can be measured for a warmer climate – but then it may be more likely to fail and crack in cold winter weather when the bars shrink. Some track materials, such as concrete girders, are more resilient in wider ranges of temperatures and conditions – and are significantly more expensive.
The bars are already painted white in critical places to combat the heat. Countries with extreme weather are making seasonal adjustments on a larger scale to track, which is time-consuming and costly. Air conditioning was not a standard feature of the old trains still operating. Flexibility would become an economic and political option – and a few days of heat breaks each year might be seen as preferable to the bill for adjustments.
“Infuriatingly humble alcohol fanatic. Unapologetic beer practitioner. Analyst.” | <urn:uuid:52eafb02-92fa-48e9-a547-59c9adf5c636> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.balkantravellers.com/why-do-britains-roads-melt-and-rails-harden-in-the-heat-infrastructure/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963633 | 975 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Results of cranial electrotherapy stimulation to children with mixed anxiety and depressive disorder
Chen Yixin, Yu Lin, Zhang Jiuping, Li Lejia, Chen Tunong, Chen Yi. Results of cranial electrotherapy stimulation to children with mixed anxiety and depressive disorder. Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry, 19(4):203-205, 2007. Download Article in English.
Download Article in Chinese
The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of CES for the treatment of mixed anxiety and depressive disorder (MAD) in children.
This study used a randomized, sham controlled clinical trial design in which subjects in the active CES and sham groups had CES treatments for 15 days.
Primary Effectiveness Endpoint
The primary effectiveness endpoint was the change from baseline in the last post-treatment scores on the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) compared to the sham CES group at the endpoint of study.
Key Inclusion Criteria
• Male or female children between 8 to 16 years of age.
• Diagnosis of mixed anxiety and depression disorder (MAD) by a “specialist physician” prior to acceptance into the study (Experimental group only).
• Must score > 40 on the combined scores of the SAS and SDS.
Key Exclusion Criteria
• Pregnancy, planning to become pregnant or nursing.
• Presence of implanted pacemakers, pumps or electrical stimulators.
• Subjects have taken drug therapy for MAD or emotional disorders.
Subjects for the experimental group were randomly selected from children with MAD who met the criteria for entry into the study and who were patients at the Children’s Psychological Health Clinic at Nanjing Brain Hospital. Subjects for the control group were randomly selected from a group of children with emotional problems who were recommended by their teacher at elementary or middle schools in the city and met the > 40 score criteria on combined SAS and SDS scores but did not meet the diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorder or depressive disorder. Baselines measures were done prior to the first active or sham CES treatment and endpoint measures were done after the completion of the final CES treatment.
Device Application Protocol
The current of the active CES device was set at a comfortable level for the active group subjects, between 100 – 500 µA. The current of the sham CES device was increased until the sham subject felt a “skin sensation,” then decreased and shut off, so that the device did not emit electricity. Neither group felt any sensation from the device for the remainder of the treatment. The length of each treatment was 10-15 minutes. The treatment schedule was 5 daily CES treatments followed by 2 days off and then this schedule was repeated 2 more times.
The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to measure anxiety and depression. Both scales have established reliability and validity (Zung et al., 1971; 1965).
There were 60 subjects in the study, 30 in each group. In the active CES group there were 25 males and 5 females. In the sham group there were 19 males and 11 females. All subjects were between 8 to 16 years of age. There were no significant differences in gender and age between the two groups.
Chi-Square and ANOVA were used to analyze the data.
There was a significant difference between the active and sham groups for anxiety at endpoint of study (p<0.01), Figure 1.
Figure 1. Mean Anxiety Scores by Group.
There was a significant difference between the active and sham groups for depression at endpoint of study (p<0.01), Figure 2.
Figure 2. Mean depression scores by group.
Quality of the Research
Strengths of this clinical study are: the investigators used a randomized, sham controlled design; the diagnosis of MAD was verified by a physician prior to acceptance into the study for the experimental group; sham CES devices were the same as active CES devices except they did not emit electricity; and Based on the effect sizes for anxiety and depression in other Alpha-Stim® CES studies, this was an adequately powered study with an N of 60. A limitation of this study is that the sham group did not meet the criteria for MAD. One possible explanation for this is that recruitment of enough children with MAD was a problem. Other limitations are: the current for the active group (100 – 500 µA) and length of CES treatment (10 – 15 minutes) for all subjects were not the same. The findings from this study on the significant effect of CES on anxiety and depression are similar to those found by Lu in children (Lu et al., 2005) and in other Alpha-Stim® CES studies with adult subjects.
All authors: Child mental health research center, Nanjing Bran Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Zung WWK. A rating instrument for anxiety disorders. Psychosomatics. 1971; 12: 371-379
Zung WWK, Richards CB, Short MJ. Self-rating depression scale in an outpatient clinic Further validation of the SDS. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1965 Dec;13(6):508-15. | <urn:uuid:5225bcc3-91b1-4c02-95e2-502477c72ef2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.stress.org/results-of-cranial-electrotherapy-stimulation-to-children-with-mixed-anxiety-and-depressive-disorder | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.946541 | 1,126 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Geoffrey Kay, birding optometrist, put together a trip to Namibia in 1986.
We landed in Windhoek, picked up a VW kombi and rigged it up with a nice big hebcooler in the back. Ice, beer, gin & tonic. Now we were ready for any emergency.
West to Daan Viljoen game park where a lion’s roar welcomed us that first night. On through the Khomas Hochland into the Namib Desert. Then on to the Atlantic Ocean at Swakopmund. On to Spitzkoppen; Usakos; Erongo Mountains; Karabib; Omaruru; Otjiwarongo; and Outjo;
Then up to Etosha: Okakuejo, Halali and Namutoni camps. In Etosha we saw a very rare night ‘bird‘; Seldom seen.
Then on to Tsumeb; the Waterberg; Okahandja; And back down to Windhoek.
Geoff Kay, Jurgen Tolksdorf, Jill Seldon, Mick Doogan, Me & Aitch; Three optometrists and three normal people.
We spotted 200 bird species that week! Also a new mammal for me: The Damara DikDik.
Jurgen Tolksdorf newbie birder spotted many birds for us with his keen eye. “What’s that?” he’d say. In Etosha one night we woke up to the b-b-b-b-bhooo of a white-faced owl near our tents. We shook everyone awake and grabbed our torches and binocs and went to look for it. Except Jurgen. He said “A WHAT?” and rolled over and went back to sleep. We searched in vain and got back to bed very late, disappointed.
Next morning after a short night’s sleep, on our way back from breakfast we met Jurgen who had risen late after a long night’s sleep and was now on his way to eat. While we chatted he looked up in the tree above our heads and said “What’s that?”.
While we were birding in Namibia in 1986, a comet buzzed past us.
Englishman Edmond Halley, in his 1705 Synopsis of the Astronomy of Comets, used Newton’s new laws to calculate the gravitational effects of Jupiter and Saturn on cometary orbits. He realised that a comet that had appeared in 1682 was probably the same one that had appeared in 1531 (observed by Petrus Apianis), and 1607 (observed by Johannes Kepler). Halley concluded they were the same object returning every 76 years and predicted its return for 1758. He died in 1742 before he could observe this himself, but his prediction of the comet’s return proved to be correct! It was seen on 25 December 1758.
And then – significantly – again by us in Namibia in 1986, thus conclusively proving Halley was no poephol even if he was an Engelsman.
Petrus Apianis in 1531
Johannes Kepler in 1607
Edmond Halley in 1758 if he hadn’t died away – and . .
Petrus Swanie in 1986
We lay on our backs in Etosha on a beautifully clear night with our birding binocs and telescopes and had a good look at a tiny little fuzzball* far away while a white-faced owl went b-b-b-b-bhooo in the near distance. If the truth be told, our view of Halley’s looked more like one of the tiny dots in the right of this picture rather than the swashbuckling zooming thing on the left. But it did have a tail, so we convinced ourselves we HAD seen it. Halley’s Comet!!
*Even the keenest astronomers said the view of Halley in 1986 ended up being underwhelming in observations from Earth. When the comet made its closest approach it was still a faint and distant object, some 62 million km away. However, we humans did send a few spacecraft up which successfully made the journey to the comet. This fleet of spaceships is sometimes dubbed the ‘Halley Armada.’ Seven probes were up there looking, with the European Giotto craft getting closest – to within 596km. The Challenger space shuttle would have been the eighth but it blew up two minutes after it launched.
The Giotto got this pic of the 15km X 8km X 8km rock:
Halley’s is due again on 28 July 2061. I’ll be keeping a 106yr-old eye out. | <urn:uuid:ad115ab5-c940-421a-9bb1-7a2d72c2d1ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bewilderbeast.org/tag/jill-seldon/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.958431 | 1,011 | 2.375 | 2 |
Social protection – Raising Living Standards for all through people, processes and technology
Recall the face of the poorest and weakest man you have seen, and ask yourself if this step you contemplate is going to be any use to him.”
― Mahatma Gandhi
The world is constantly changing, both from an economic and social perspective. Economic and social development are closely interlinked, with global economic shocks having a significant impact on social protection systems. From the beginning of the 00´s with incredible GDP growth rates, historically low unemployment rates, private spending levels exploding, expansion of social protection coverage in emerging markets such as Brazil and China. To the economic crises hitting the world, and the “new black” was “austerity” and where governments as a response to the world financial crises, rapidly implemented new reforms on pension, benefit programs and unemployment schemes.
Social Protection can be defined in terms of policies and programs designed to reduce poverty and vulnerability by promoting efficient labor markets, diminishing people’s exposure to risks, and enhancing their capacity to manage economic and social risks, such as unemployment, , sickness, disability and old age.
SAP has a long association with Social Protection organizations around the world. We work closely with all level of Government – Local, Regional and Central – in all areas of Social Protection, such as Child Welfare, Support & Protection, Employment, Social Security, Pension Administration and Social Care delivery.
For years Indiana’s infant mortality rate, a measurement of infant deaths within the first year of life and an important public health indicator has ranked near the bottom nationally. A partnership between SAP and State of Indiana was formed, and a SAP solution based on HANA and Analytics was implemented to Lower Infant Mortality and Child Fatality.
In Australia, Queensland is using a real-time data platform to reduce fraud and non-compliance .
The Department of Human Services have implemented a nationwide Fraud management strategy, based on Investigative Case management, helping them to reduce Fraud and non-compliance in delivery of Government benefits.
In Germany, Singapore, UK, South Africa, US and numerous other countries, SAP solutions are helping Government reduce unemployment by optimizing job matching as well as improving citizens’ employability through up-skilling and learning programs.
SAP is helping customers around the world deliver benefits, manage complex and ever changing rules and legislation and providing caseworkers with the best tools to manage their engagement with citizens.
Each country has a different approach to social policy. Social policy is one of most dominant features of national identity with social norms characterized by the way society addresses social risks. It provides a safety net for people in economic and socially vulnerable situations.
Empowering people is the new mantra within a modern social protection organization – this means giving people the skills and capability to manage their lives through the life events they experience such as employment/unemployment, children, disability, sickness, with minimal direct involvement by government.
Government’s social policy objectives are to enable people to economically and socially participate within society and only to lend a helping hand when needed.
The socially empowered citizen will develop trust in government through their active engagement in society rather than losing confidence in government through regulatory driven engagement with the service delivery system. | <urn:uuid:603e884a-a426-4232-adde-eb964c68d329> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogs.sap.com/2014/11/20/social-protection-raising-living-standards-for-all-through-people-processes-and-technology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.942923 | 663 | 2.28125 | 2 |
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FOUR PERFECT PEBBLES
By Lila Perl and Marion Blumenthal Lazan
Long before dawn crept through the windows of the wooden barrack, Marion stirred in Mama’s arms. She had slept this way, wrapped in her mother’s warmth, for many weeks now, ever since her family had arrived at the concentration camp of Bergen-Belsen in northwestern Germany.
All around her were the sounds of other women and children, lying in the three-decker bunks that ran the length of the barrack. As Marion came awake, the muffled noises sharpened. There were gasps and moans, rattling coughs, and short, piercing cries. And there was the ever-present stench of unwashed bodies, disease, and death.
Hardly a morning passed without some of the prisoners no longer able to rise from their thin straw mattresses. When the guards came to round up the women and children for roll call, they stopped briefly to examine the unmoving forms. Later those who had died in the night would be tumbled from their bunks onto crude stretchers, and their bodies would be taken away to be burned or buried in mass graves. Soon new prisoners would arrive to take their places. As many as six hundred would be crowded into barracks meant to hold a hundred.
Mama nudged Marion. “Get up, Liebling. It’s time.” As soon as Mama withdrew her arms, thin as they had become, the warmth vanished, and the chill of the unheated room gripped Marion’s nine-year-old body. Cold and hunger. In her first weeks at Bergen-Belsen, Marion had been unable to decide which was worse. Soon, however, the constant gnawing sensation in her belly began to vanish. Her stomach accustomed itself to the daily ration of black bread and a cup of watery turnip soup, and its capacity shrank. But the bitter chill of the long German winter went on and on.
On one of her earliest days in the camp Marion had actually believed that she saw a wagonload of firewood approaching. Perhaps it would stop in front of the barrack and some logs would be fed into the empty stove that was supposed to heat the entire room, for a few hours of glorious warmth. But she had been horribly mistaken. The wagon trundled past, and a closer look told her that it was filled not with firewood but with the naked, sticklike bodies of dead prisoners.
As on all winter mornings, getting dressed in the predawn grayness took no time at all. Marion had slept in just about everything she owned. All she had to do was to put her arms through the sleeves of the tattered coat that she had used as an extra covering under the coarse, thin blanket the camp provided.
Soon the cries of the Kapos (Kameradshaftspolizei, or police aids) – privileged prisoners who served as guards – were heard as they moved from barrack to barrack.
“Zum Appell! Appell! Raus, Juden!”
Marion and Mama must now find a way to relieve themselves before hurrying to the large square, with its watchtower and armed guards, where the daily Appell, or roll call, took place. There was not always time to visit the communal outhouse, about a block away from the barrack. The toilets in the outhouse were simply a long wooden bench with holes in it, suspended over a trench. There was no water to flush away the waste, no toilet paper, and of course, no privacy.
Some mornings Marion and mama and the other prisoners had to use whatever receptacles they owned as night buckets – even the very mugs or bowls in which they received their daily rations. Before leaving the barrack for Appell, the prisoners had to make sure the room was clean, the floor swept, and their beds made. Each inmate stood in front of her bunk for inspection. If the blankets were not tucked neatly enough around the sagging straw mattresses, punishments were meted out. The slightest infraction could mean losing one’s bread ration for the day.
Roll call was held twice a day, at six in the morning and again after the prisoners had returned from their work assignments. It was held in winter and summer, in ice and snow, in rain and mud. If a single person was missing because of sickness, death, or an attempted escape, all the prisoners were made to stand at attention in rows of fives, for hours – even for a whole day – without food or water or any way to relieve themselves.
Some prisoners did try to escape but very few succeeded. Each section of the camp was surrounded by a high fence of barbed wire. The fence was charged with electricity and had pictures of death’s-heads posted on it as a warning. Prisoners who attempted to scale the fence were electrocuted. Others who tried to escape while on a work detail, outside the fenced area, were almost always caught by the watchful eyes of the armed guards, by keen-nosed police dogs, or at night by sweeping searchlights.
Marion hoped, as she did every morning that the roll call in the square would be over as quickly as possible. Then, after dismissal, there might be a few moments to see Papa and her eleven year old brother, Albert, who were imprisoned in a separate barracks in the men’s section
In Westerbork, the Dutch camp where the family had lived before, all four of them had been housed in crude but private quarters. However, no such arrangement existed for any of the prisoners in Bergen-Belsen. Actually they were told they should consider themselves “lucky” to be in the section of the camp known as the Sternlager, or Star Camp. Here male and female prisoners were allowed to meet briefly during the day. Also, they could dress in their own clothes instead of striped prison uniforms. But of course, they must wear the yellow Star of David high up on the left side of the chest, as they had been forced to do for many years now. In the center of the six-pointed star the word Jude (German for “Jew”) was inscribed in black.
Today, possibly because of the icy temperature, the barracks guards had begun reporting their head counts quickly. There were two prisoners missing. But they had already been found. They had “run into the wires” sometime during the night. This was the term the Kapos used to describe the act of committing suicide when prisoners died by hurling themselves against the electrified barbed-wire fences.
In just under one hour the roll call had been completed. Already Marion and Mama had spotted Albert and Papa across the frozen ground of the square. Now the entire family came together in a hasty, wordless embrace, for there was never much time.
At once Papa began to push into Mama’s hands the extra rations he had managed to trade for cigarettes. In the weeks since the family had come to Bergen-Belsen, the male prisoners in the Sternlager had been receiving a small number of cigarettes once every few days. Papa, who did not smoke, immediately went about exchanging with other prisoners for bits of food, such as a small chunk of bread, a turnip, or even a potato. Mama, after making sure that Papa had kept enough for himself and Albert, squirreled these items away for herself and Marion.
Albert, too, usually had a small horde of secret treasure. He carefully collected the tobacco from partially smoked cigarette butts and made his own trades to get extra rations.
Marion had brought along her own secret treasure this morning, but hers was not anything to eat. She felt in her coat pocket to make sure the three pebbles were still there. Then she carefully drew them out and opened her palm for Albert to see.
Albert, whom seemed to be growing taller and more skeletal every day, looked down at Marion’s hand. “Yes, I see,” he said with a wan smile. “That again.”
“That again.” Marion mimicked him. Her deep- set eyes grew fiery. Look closely. I have the three pebbles, exactly matching. Today I shall find the fourth. I suppose you think I’m silly.”
“No, no.” Albert calmed her. He had always been the soothing, protective child. Marion was the excitable one.
“Four perfect pebbles,” Marion said proudly, watching her own breath form a mist in the frosty air. One for each of us. You’ll see. I’ll show you the fourth one tomorrow.”
Albert placed a hand on her shoulder. “Yes, of course.”
Marion flashed him a look, part love, part impatience. Big brothers were all the same. Time and again Albert told her that there could be no such thing as even two perfectly matching pebbles. Pebbles were like snowflakes. Every single one was different from every other one.
But Marion ignored such scientific reasoning. She had a fixed idea, one that was important for her to hold on to. If she could find four pebbles of almost exactly the same size and shape, it meant that her family would remain whole. Mama and Papa and she and Albert would survive Bergen-Belsen. The four of them might even survive the Nazis’ attempt to destroy every last Jew in Europe.
Over and over Marion had collected such pebbles in groups of four, terrifying herself when she could find only two or three and not a fourth that matched. A foolish pastime? A superstition? Perhaps. But the sets of pebbles were her lucky charms, and they gave her a purpose.
Searching for a complete set was a way to fill the succession of empty days. Each day at Bergen-Belsen was the same, with nothing to do but stand at roll call and worry about when Mama would reappear from her work detail. In Westerbork, where they had lived for the past four years, some of the camp inmates taught informal classes. But here there was no schooling or even any work for a child of nine.
There was only Marion’s self-invented game. It was her way of keeping her family together. It was also a way of linking a past she could vaguely remember with a future that she could hardly imagine.
How had Marion’s family become caught in the Nazis’ trap? Why had Papa’s carefully thought-out plans to escape from Germany failed? When, in fact, had all their troubles started?
Marion was too young to remember having lived the beginning of the story. But Mama remembered. She knew it all, and she would tell it to Marion as they lay whispering on their bunk at night.
As Mama told it, their family story sounded like a fairy tale that grew more and more frightening as it went on. Its ending had not been written yet. But it did have a fairly happy beginning. “Of course, you don’t remember” – Mama would sigh as she drew the covers more tightly around them – “when you were just a baby in that small town in Germany…” | <urn:uuid:71cffaac-c7e8-4c95-97f2-030a0d93cb2a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fourperfectpebbles.com/the-book/chapter-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.988492 | 2,473 | 1.773438 | 2 |
When confronted with a week-long challenge to stay away from all forms of screens, at least one Grade 3 student said she felt like she had to confine herself to her room. Another, teacher Leah Rogerson says, melted down completely for a day when he heard the assignment.
"[He was] sobbing, crying, on the ground in a fit," she said.
Ms. Rogerson, who teaches at Belmont Elementary in Langley, gave her class the No Screen Challenge last week, and said the reactions ranged from "This is going to be hard" to "I can do that."
Fellow teacher Jason Proulx said only about half of his 21 students managed to avoid smartphones, tablets, video games or televisions during the challenge. He said at one time, nearly his whole class could be screenless for the week without slip-ups. Now, he said, he sees kids more addicted to technology.
"They're more aggressive about having to get their fix of electronics, and TV and video games," he said.
The ubiquity of and dependence on electronics could present a challenge as young children enter adolescence, a key stage in life when people need more sleep, said Elizabeth Saewyc, a professor of nursing at the University of British Columbia.
She said that is because longer screen time, shorter sleeps and increased levels of stress are linked.
"If you're on your screen the last thing before you're going to bed and you're really intellectually stimulated and engaged, … it can take you a longer time to relax yourself and [fall asleep]."
More and more, youth are using a variety of screens for communicating with parents and friends, playing games and social networking.
More than 90 per cent of youth surveyed in 2013 by the McCreary Centre Society, an organization that focuses on the health of young people, had their own cellphone and were using it before, during and after school. Nearly all of them reported using it the previous day.
In the same study, youth reported staying plugged in after the time they were expected to be sleeping: 59 per cent were surfing the Internet, 57 per cent were talking or texting; about the same proportion were chatting online or using social networks; and one-third were playing online games.
Only about one-quarter of adolescents surveyed were sleeping the recommended nine hours or more.
For Dr. Saewyc, the link between screens and sleep is concerning.
"What that means is we've got nearly half of youth who are not getting the recommended amount of sleep, and part of that is you've got 85 per cent of girls and 79 per cent of boys who are online or on their phone after they were supposed to be asleep," she said.
The study also showed positive benefits of mobile devices: Youth who used cellphones to communicate with their parents were more likely to report having family members and other adults they could turn to for help with serious problems.
Ms. Rogerson said the challenge made her students more aware of how technology affects their lives.
Before, for instance, one of her students could not focus in class because he was thinking about his video game at home.
"[He said,] 'I can't focus on my work because I'm worried my village is being raided,'" she said.
The student's anxiety has since disappeared, she said.
Keeley Read, 8, said she lasted the whole week of Mr. Proulx's challenge, despite having to give up her morning ritual of watching TV with breakfast. She also gave up her iPod and her camera, but didn't miss them much, she said.
"I really liked [the challenge]. It was cool … because I could spend more time outside and with my family," she said.
Eight-year-old Emily Linde went electronics-free for six days until she accidentally looked at the screens at her church, she said. Emily also spent more time outside. "We went to Williams Park, and I really liked that," she said.
Mr. Proulx said he has noticed a change in the screen dependence of parents, as well, who in the past have participated in the challenge with their kids.
"This, I think, was the first year I didn't get parents coming to me saying they enjoyed this," he said. "The parents weren't willing to engage in the whole week without TV."
For Dr. Saewyc, one means of ensuring technology does not interrupt sleep is to keep the devices in the living room or kitchen over night.
"But that requires parents to do that, too," she said. "It's important to be good role models." | <urn:uuid:a54fc757-116b-4d95-8d40-29611c23a812> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/british-columbia/digital-detox-challenge-gets-mixed-response-from-students-and-parents/article25032763/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.989554 | 962 | 2.671875 | 3 |
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The vast majority of people in the world believe that the purpose of life is to be happy. So why don’t we teach happiness? Yes, like geometry, happiness can be taught and Positive Psychology has shed light on how we can take control of it. According to researchers, 50% of happiness is determined by our genetics, 10% is determined by our situation, but the remaining 40% is completely controlled by the individual. In this module, we introduce the science of happiness and give you proven techniques for boosting you and your students’ happiness.
Mindfulness allows students to get in touch with what’s really happening, both in their environment and internally. Research has shown that ten minutes per day of mindfulness can increase both teachers’ and students’ executive functioning, emotional regulation, self calming, and social skills. Since the teacher is the pulse of the classroom, we start our mindfulness training there, providing instructions that can be passed onto students as the teacher becomes comfortable. With practice by teachers and a dedicated portion of time in the classroom, a mindful teacher can have a dramatically positive effect on the learning environment.
We all know that we have unique strengths and weaknesses, but do you really know what yours are? Do your students? Dr. Martin Seligman, the founder of Positive Psychology, has shown that effective character education can lead to higher levels of student and teacher well-being. We use the VIA Character Strengths Test to help teachers and students document their strengths and remain focused on those, not their deficiencies. Empowered with this knowledge, Aviva trained teachers boost students’ confidence, sense of self, and academic achievement.
Every day your students tackle new academic challenges and their mindsets have a huge impact on their level of success. Do they fear failure or do they see failure as a stepping stone to growth? The difference is huge. Research has shown that students with a growth mindset go on to achieve more than those that don’t. But, growth mindset is not something that comes naturally; it needs to be taught in the classroom. In this module, we use Carol Dweck’s research to show how teachers can alter their language in the classroom to cultivate a growth mindset in students. The students of Aviva trained teachers embrace more risk, failure, and ultimately, growth, in their quest for learning.
Gratitude is proven to increase happiness and it comes in many forms. From gratitude journals to structured appreciation sessions, there are countless ways that teachers can incorporate gratitude into their own lives and their classrooms. Using gratitude as a positivity enabler allows teachers and students to appreciate the small things in everyday life. In conjunction with our happiness training, this module empowers teachers to make their classrooms more joyful and supportive. Gratitude is truly a gift worth learning.
We all face obstacles to success: lack of confidence, negative self-talk, or trauma. However, students that persevere utilize skills that can be taught to any student. The skills that make up this ability are known as Grit. Recent research has sparked a national conversation on how students that demonstrate high levels of Grit have higher levels of academic achievement and success later in life. In this module, teachers get their hands dirty with research-backed strategies for bringing Grit and resilience into their own lives and their classrooms.
Besides their families, students spend a majority of their time with their teachers and classmates. Because of this, school is the most important source of social emotional learning (SEL) in a child’s education.
Whether or not it’s explicitly taught, social emotional learning occurs naturally. Students learn how to play, share, communicate their needs, and listen to the needs of others. Unfortunately, without leadership, students’ social emotional learning will be stunted. In this module, instructors learn to teach social and emotional skills to their students without even changing the subject of their lessons. SEL has both short and long term benefits in students, including increased awareness of self and techniques for self-care, higher capacity for empathy, and better decision-making skills for both intrapersonal and interpersonal choices.
Authentic happiness is created by living a life filled with purpose and intention. It also comes from acknowledging that constant happiness is unrealistic. However, recent research has shown that by deeply pursuing activities that we feel passionate about, we can achieve states of “flow.” In these states of flow, we shut out all distractions and become fully immersed in the present. Common in professional musicians, engineers, and other highly trained individuals, flow is linked to long-term happiness. By applying one's strengths and creating flow activities in life and in the classroom, we can cultivate an environment which students and the school culture can thrive.
Appreciative Inquiry redistributes power to a group by asking a simple question, “How can we be better?” When leaders ask this question, something amazing happens – people speak up with great ideas, become more engaged in their work, and feel a greater sense of ownership in their school. Appreciative Inquiry is a collaborative, mindfulness-driven process of improving an organization, which can be anything from a single classroom to a whole school. When done well, participants leave the process with a renewed sense of purpose and enthusiasm. In this module, we teach the five principles of appreciative Inquiry and give you concrete strategies for incorporating it into your classroom or your whole school.
The Science of Happiness
What determines our happiness? A common misconception is that happiness is largely dependent on our situation or external factors. However, a relatively new field of psychology called Positive Psychology is shedding light on how we can take control of our individual happiness. According to researchers, 50% of happiness is determined by our genetics. 10% is determined by our situation. However, the remaining 40% is completely controlled by the individual. Clinical studies have identified specific intentional activities that we can integrate into our lives that will increase our overall happiness and wellbeing.
- History of Positive Psychology
- Definition of Happiness
- Intentional Activities
- Positivity Ratio
Research has shown that 10 minutes per day of mindfulness can increase children’s executive functioning, emotional regulation, self calming and social skills. Since the teacher is the pulse of the classroom, it is important that the teacher has the ability to connect their mind and body. With consistent personal practice by teachers and a dedicated portion of time in the classroom, a teacher can have a dramatic positive effect on the learning environment.
Dr. Martin Seligman's research demonstrates that effective character education can lead to higher levels of student well-being. Identifying students’ character strengths and focusing on their strengths rather than their deficiencies provides another pathway to creating flourishing classrooms. Teachers will learn how to use Dr. Seligman´s VIA Character Strengths to create a strengths-based classroom.
- Introduction to Character
- Character Strengths in the Classroom
- Character Growth Cards
- Feedback Matters
This module is based on Carol Dweck’s research on Fixed vs Growth Mindset. The teacher will learn how to adopt a growth mindset for themselves and then how to alter their language in the classroom to cultivate a growth mindset in students. In the process of shifting from a fixed to a growth mindset, teachers and students may bump into deceptive brain messages such as, “I am not good at math.” These fixed mindset messages can be changed due to the neuroplasticity of the brain. By simply adding the word “yet” to the end of a fixed mindset message, one can change the mental outlook and allow for a more positive outcome. The growth mindset message is, “I am not good at math….yet.”
- Fixed vs Growth mindset
- Deceptive Brain Messages
Expressing gratitude is one of the proven intentional activities that boosts positive emotions thus increase overall happiness and wellbeing. Using gratitude as a positivity enabler will allow one to appreciate the small things in everyday life. Giving and receiving gratitude is a gift worth learning.
- Gratitude: A positive emotion
- Benefits of gratitude
- Gratitude in Education
- How to give and receive gratitude?
Through learning and teaching grit and resilience, teachers will cultivate a classroom where students learn to persevere through difficulties and challenges. So even as life's up and downs occur, students will continue to flourish and grow from each experience.
- Bouncing Back
- Post traumatic growth
- What does it mean to be gritty?
Emotional and Social Intelligence
Emotional self awareness and the ability to identify the emotions of others is a skill that can be developed. The more awareness you have of your own emotional state, the more equipped you will be to healthfully express those emotions. While we tend to desire positive emotions and avoid negative emotions, it is important to know that negative emotions are a natural part of being human and should not be avoided. In fact, they should be fully embraced as they arise. If they are allowed to be fully felt, the quicker one can get back to feeling authentic positive emotions.
- Self control
- Self regulation
- Self Awareness
- Relationship Management
Being happy 100% of the time is not reality and definitely not sustainable. Authentic happiness is created by living a life filled with purpose and intention. By applying ones strengths and creating flow activities in life and in the classroom, we can cultivate an environment which the school culture can thrive.
- Self concordant goals
- What is your purpose?
- Are you in alignment with your intention?
- Life Cycles
Start by asking the right questions. What is working well in the school, in the classroom, and in each lesson plan. By choosing to focus on what is working well then you will attract more of the good and will be able to effectively learn from challenges.
- What is working?
- What is working best!
- How can we grow and improve
- Vision boarding | <urn:uuid:b3ffaa0c-07f0-4984-833b-56163e759f44> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://avivaeducation.com/curriculum/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948581 | 2,685 | 2.421875 | 2 |
An assembly of sensors, denoted an electronic tongue, is undergoing development as a prototype of compact devices for use in measuring concentrations of contaminants in water. Thus far, the electronic tongue has been tested on ions of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Fe and shown to respond to concentrations as low as about 10 parts per million. This electronic tongue is expected to be capable of measuring concentrations of other metal ions and organic compounds. Potential uses for electronic tongues include monitoring the chemical quality of water in a variety of natural, industrial, and laboratory settings; detecting micro-organisms indirectly by measuring microbially influenced corrosion; and characterizing compounds of interest to the pharmaceutical and food industries.
This version of the electronic tongue includes a heater, a temperature sensor, an array of ion-specific electrodes, an oxidation/reduction sensor pair, an electrical-conductivity sensor, and an array of galvanic cells, all on one compact ceramic substrate (see figure). Special-purpose electronic excitation and readout circuitry for the sensors has also been constructed.
The main advantage of the electronic tongue, relative to electrodes of this type used traditionally to assess water quality, is extreme ruggedness.
The types of measurements that can be performed by use of the sensors on the electronic tongue are quite varied. The best combination of types of measurements for a given application depends on the specific contaminants that one seeks to detect. Experimental studies to identify such combinations were in progress at the time of reporting the information for this article.
This work was done by Marlin Buehler and Gregory Kuhlman of Caltech for NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. For further information, access the Technical Support Package (TSP) free on-line at www.techbriefs.com/tsp under the Electronics/Computers category.
In accordance with Public Law 96-517, the contractor has elected to retain title to this invention. Inquiries concerning rights for its commercial use should be addressed to:
Innovative Technology Assets Management
Mail Stop 202-233
4800 Oak Grove Drive
Pasadena, CA 91109-8099
Refer to NPO-30601, volume and number of this NASA Tech Briefs issue, and the page number.
This Brief includes a Technical Support Package (TSP).
Electronic Tongue for Quantitation of Contaminants in Water
(reference NPO-30601) is currently available for download from the TSP library.
Don't have an account? Sign up here. | <urn:uuid:58eec79d-4e31-4a87-8e2b-999f3004c566> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/tb/pub/briefs/electronics-and-computers/608 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.911111 | 547 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Spring is in the air, and Snowman Paul sets his sights on winning the Big Easter Egg Painting Contest. He finds the perfect egg for the occasion, but Miss Hen is not ready to cooperate!
Follow the adventures of Pasquale the Easter Bunny! When there is a heavy snow before Easter, how will the Easter Bunny deliver Easter baskets to all the children? This is an excellent read for beginning and early readers. Each story is easy to read and exciting with cute and bright illustrations for younger readers.
Bunny Letters: A Night Before Easter Family Tradition
When an odd duck, which looks very much like a bunny, pops out of a shell in Mother Duck’s nest, she is astonished but not put off. “Not to worry,” says Mother Duck. “He’ll grown into a fine feathered duck when he grows up!” | <urn:uuid:ad03ce8a-930b-4d83-8450-8a67f47d89c8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hamptonroads.myactivechild.com/blog/tag/easter-book/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.947845 | 180 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Covid-19: Dr Hilary calls for return of masks as cases rise
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The first vaccine rollout in 2021 helped Britain return to a sense of normality after a year of disruption and lockdown. The new booster programme is designed to help keep the most vulnerable safe from the effects of Covid.
Who is eligible for the booster jab?
Autumn Covid boosters will be offered to people aged 50 and over, residents and staff in care homes for older adults, frontline health and social care workers, unpaid carers, individuals aged five to 49 in clinical risk groups and household contacts of those who are immunosuppressed.
Prime Minister Boris Johnson said: “Our vaccination programme has been one of the fastest and most successful in the world. Because of our collective efforts, from our NHS who got those jabs in arms, to everyone who came forward to keep themselves and those around them safe, we were able to open up our country while protecting lives and livelihoods.
“Today we have confirmed the next phase in our booster programme to keep our defences strong over autumn and winter. Vaccines were our way out of this pandemic, and now they will make sure covid can never haunt us in the same way again.”
Health and Social Care Secretary Steve Barclay said: “I have accepted the independent advice of the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation to offer an autumn Covid booster to people aged 50 and over, residents and staff in care homes for older adults, frontline health and social care workers, unpaid carers, individuals aged five to 49 in clinical risk groups and household contacts of those who are immunosuppressed.
“NHS staff and volunteers provided an outstanding service to the public through the biggest and fastest vaccination rollout in England’s history, which saved countless lives and allowed us to live with this virus without restrictions on our freedom.
“Viruses spread more easily in the colder seasons with people socialising inside, so the risk of getting Covid is higher. It is absolutely vital the most vulnerable groups receive a booster vaccine to strengthen their immunity against serious disease over winter to protect themselves and reduce pressure on the NHS.
“The flu virus could also be highly infectious at this time of year, so today I am also announcing that those eligible for a free flu vaccination this year will include everyone aged 50 and over, primary school children and secondary school pupils in years 7, 8 and 9, as well as people in clinical risk groups, unpaid carers and household contacts of those who are immunosuppressed.
“If you or your child are eligible for a Covid or flu vaccine, I urge you to come forward as soon as you are invited by the NHS.”
Covid cases have been slowly rising in recent months, as the UK population is mixing in outdoor and indoor venues with restriction.
The vaccine did not eradicate the virus, but it is helping to keep people safe and allow the country to come out of lockdown.
Companies such as Astrazeneca, Pfizer, and Moderna developed vaccines which were distributed nation-wide in social settings around the UK.
As part of the UK’s efforts to keep people healthy over winter, flu vaccines will also be given to some of the most vulnerable people.
This includes everyone aged 50 and over, primary school children and secondary school pupils in years 7, 8 and 9, as well as people in clinical risk groups, unpaid carers and household contacts of those who are immunosuppressed.
Viruses spread more easily in colder weather conditions, which means when temperatures drop in winter lives could be at risk as Covid is able to move around more easily.
This article will be updated shortly…
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You need to keep your carbohydrate intake high for the whole week before the ride, while gradualy reducing your training. This will cause your body to store extra carbohydrate (glycogen).
On the morning of the ride, get a high carbohydrate meal in at least 1 hour before the ride (2 hours if its going to be an intense start). As soon as you are riding eat more carbohydrate foods and energy drink. Given the length of the ride, something sold like jam sandwiches or energy bars will go down well. Also don't make your energy drinks too strong (keep them at 7% or less).
Aim to drink lots during the ride as this will affect your ability to ride the distance at speed. | <urn:uuid:06f46003-1418-4d6a-b0fc-1531f1d7a235> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cyclingforums.com/threads/300kms-round-a-lake.3558/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.941617 | 143 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Cuban Pro-democracy Organizations on the Island and in Exile bring:
A UNITED MESSAGE TO THE SEVENTH SUMMIT OF THE AMERICAS
Cuban Opposition, Civil Society and Democratic Social Actors
The Summits of the Americas must be the place for participation and representation of all the democracies in the Americas. Of their States and of their free citizens. All this passes through the increasing incorporation of civil society and social actors in the process of the Summits, such that the topics of discussion acquire real significance and it is required of governments that they represent their people.
Here we present: In the roles of the Cuban opposition, civil society and the democratic social actors that we have assumed, after a long struggle of establishment and strengthening, principles of agreement expressed from a rich diversity, in the Agreement for Democracy, in the Points of Cuban Consensus, in the proposals of the Forum for Rights and Freedoms, and the Open Forum Four Points of Consensus.
Our shared mission is the defense and promotion of all democratic principles, fundamental freedoms and human rights, that comprise the cultural, historical and political base in this hemisphere, thanks to this rich diversity.
It is clear that a strong civil society is only possible where the independence of citizens is recognized and their rights and fundamental freedoms are respected. The Seventh Summit of the Americas is the opportunity for the Western Hemisphere to recognize the legitimacy of independent Cuban civil society within the lsland and the Diaspora as a valid interlocutor of the Cuban people.
It is also the scenario to make clear that the full insertion of the Cuban government in the inter-American system is incompatible with the principles of the Inter-American Democratic Charter.
This is because of:
- the repression in Cuba of those who exercise the rights of expression, assembly, association and demonstration,
- the existence of political prisoners and prisoners of conscience,
- the constant harassment of the nascent entrepreneurial sector,
- the unwillingness to ratify the United Nations Covenants on Civil and Political Rights; and on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, signed by the government but not ratified by the National Assembly of People’s Power,
- the existence of a single party regime that does not allow the rotation of power,
- the refusal to consult the Cuban people about their future and the inability of citizens to choose between political alternatives, and
- the prohibition of multi-party representative democracy.
None of the goals of this Summit, which as opposition and civil society we support, may be achieved while Cuba denies the human rights, understood in their entirety, of the Cuban people.
“I am Cuba” is our motto of identity, with which most of our alternatives are committed to working together, in order to return Cuba as a free and sovereign nation to a hemispheric environment where democracy and institutional respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms prevail. | <urn:uuid:0ca13e7c-0812-4a53-b156-150ac42c42f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://translatingcuba.com/a-united-message-to-the-seventh-summit-of-the-americas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.932473 | 586 | 2.1875 | 2 |
We get it, winter weather makes it difficult to exercise. Fear not! Check out these 5 easy ways to get exercise when the weather is dreary:
When it’s rainy or cold out, sometimes even getting to the gym can be a challenge. Why not try an exercise video? There are free videos on Youtube for all fitness levels. Plus, this can be a fun, no-strings attached way to try out a new type of exercise!
Malls and indoor shopping centers can be used for more than just shopping. Pick up extra steps by doing a few laps around the mall or get in a quick stair workout for cardio and muscle toning. Just make sure to get there early to beat the crowds!
If you have access to a staircase at home or at work, you can get in a quick, quality workout. To prevent injuries, remember to include a warmup and slowly increase the workout intensity overtime if you are a beginner.
Staying motivated to exercise in the winter can be challenging to do alone. Why not grab a friend and take an exercise class? Most community centers offer free or low cost classes, and most gyms offer your first class free. Plus, a friend can help keep you stay accountable and on track with your fitness goals!
Sometimes the best way to beat bad weather is to embrace it! Bundle up and try a new activity such as snowshoeing, cross-country skiing, winter hiking, ice skating, or even walking in the rain fully suited up!
Note: Always check with your doctor before making changes to your exercise or activity routine.
Chat soon 💬 | <urn:uuid:a47d222f-8598-477d-95b3-f03462c68184> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.brook.health/5-easy-ways-to-exercise-when-the-weather-is-dreary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936432 | 333 | 1.640625 | 2 |
This is a sponsored post written by me on behalf of Stride Rite for IZEA. All opinions are 100% mine.
Running, playing, jumping, skipping. They are the hallmarks of childhood. Most children seem hardwired to want to do them as soon as possible, and as often as possible, after birth. You don’t really need to teach children how to run and play, generally.
However, you may have to teach them how to build endurance!
A big part of physical fitness for kids is helping them push through physically hard tasks and encouraging them to keep going when they want to stop! Because, we all want children who can go longer without complaint.
Endurance is important, because while it can seem that children have all the energy in the world, it is often on their terms, during their playtime at the park or backyard, and not when you, the parent may want it to show up. If you ask them to do something they don’t want to do right then, it can be like pulling teeth to get them come along! All of a sudden their feet no longer work, and they are so tired…
You really want to teach kids how to build endurance because it will help your children realize their potential, value exercise for exercise sake, and see themselves in a new light.
In our family, we have taken our young children on walks from a fairly young age. We love going on family walks, and try to do it on a regular basis. But, building up to a mile or more of a walk or hike can seem impossible for some young toddlers and preschoolers. So, here are some things I highly recommend to help your child build endurance, so that even your two year old son or daughter can walk over a mile with your family, like our son does now.
How to Build Endurance – Prepare for the Physical Fitness
First, you have to set the right tone for your walk, jog, or other long-distance adventure with your toddlers. Because, physical fitness for kids is not so pick up and go.
Make sure the conditions are right
This means that you should plan out your trips. Look at the weather and make sure it won’t rain, snow, be sweltering hot, or freezing cold. Plan out appropriate clothing for the weather.
I know kids love building independence by getting themselves dressed, but if you want success, you might want to monitor what they’re heading out in the day of your adventure. Jeans can be really good to help prevent against skinned knees and mosquito bites, as long as it’s not too hot.
Schedule the outing around nap time and meal times, and be sure to change diapers and/or use the potty beforehand too! Potty accidents and bathroom emergencies can definitely cut short any grand hikes you may have had in mind.
Have the Right Supplies
Prepare for Spills (and not of the drink variety)
Nothing has killed our outings faster than a spill on the sidewalk or trail by one of our kids. And somehow they seem to take place right as we get to our destination, or right smack dab in the middle of our walk. To counteract the wailing, screams, and pleas to be held then the entire rest of the walk, we make sure we always have some bandages and some antiseptic spray in our car.
Just the other day our daughter took a spill immediately once we got to the park to go for a hike. We sprayed and bandaged her knee, comforted her, but then made her walk! As a five year old, she’s no stranger to skinned knees, so we did our best to help her overcome herself and push on. That is the essence of endurance, right?
Wear proper footwear
In order to prevent skinned knees as much as possible, as well as general trips, falls, and scrapes, we always make sure our kids are equipped with the right shoes! Sandals or flip-flops are not proper shoes for hiking on rocks, running, or skipping. We tend to be sticklers about this sometimes, despite how hot it may be, or even if they already put their footwear on.
We recently picked up some Made 2 Play Shoes from Stride Rite. They are awesome because they are comfortable for kids with their memory foam insoles, anti-stink lining (kids feet can so totally smell), grip & go strap for easy on and off for my kids, and are machine washable! Plus, your kids don’t even need to wear socks with them, which is great for my kids, who don’t really love to wear socks, as the socks are upstairs (and make your feet hotter).
You can pick up a pair of shoes from the Made 2 Play Collection. The Stride Rite Made 2 Play for boys and the Stride Rite Made 2 Play for girls selections for great shoes for your toddlers and preschoolers, so they will be best equipped to endure.
Other items to think about bringing are some food, like a little trail mix or snack (bananas or apples are great as they can be eaten as you walk, can be grabbed right as you’re going out the door, and then can be chucked along the way to biodegrade!), as well as some water. I prefer to just bring one water bottle for everyone to share, mostly because it seems like I’m the one who ends up carrying them for everyone the rest of the trip otherwise.
You may also want to put on sunscreen or bug spray beforehand. My daughters hate getting bug bites, as do I! And we seem to have the right blood to draw them to us, no matter how short we are outside! In fact, often one of our daughters will complain of a nasty, itchy bug bite as soon as we get to our destination to go for a walk, and be miserable the whole time because it’s bothering her so bad! So, be mindful of any pain or ailments your kids have before heading out the door, and think about packing or having some anti-itch cream or spray so that your child can move on and enjoy the hike.
How to Build Endurance in Toddlers and Preschoolers
Making sure you are prepped and ready for common occurrences that may happen during an outing with your kids, will help you focus on the quality time with your child, instead of focusing on comforting tears, carrying children, or looking for a bathroom! So, assuming you’ve prepped as best you can (life still happens, so just roll with it), the following are basic tips on how to build endurance in toddlers and preschoolers. Our five years old twin daughters can now walk over two miles without much complaint, and already our two year old son can walk a mile without too much stopping.
Small trips walking to the mailbox, or the corner playground, or around the block, can help build endurance in the youngest of children. Don’t buckle your toddler into the stroller, or even bring the stroller with you, but have them walk with you. Plan on lots of stops, wandering, and distraction from the youngest of toddlers, so be patient, and give them that opportunity to dwaddle (safely). The more you go for these small walks, and set up expectations (see below) for them, the more confident your child will become, and be able to start taking those steps toward enduring.
Set expectations of how far/long you expect your young child to walk and when. Maybe you’ll let them ride in the stroller until you cross the busy street or get out of the parking lot, but then expect them to walk the rest of the time you are hiking, or at the zoo, mall, or park. Or maybe you’ll time them, and tell them they have to walk for at least 20 minutes before they are allowed to get in the stroller or be carried.
Other expectations to set are things pertaining to safety, like making your child needs to stay on the sidewalk, stop at the corners, look both ways before crossing a street, hold your hand in a parking lot, or stop when mom or dad tells them to do so. These are really important when first taking your toddlers out. The sooner they understand these, the more confident you will be with them walking freely about.
Be the Role Model
With just about everything in parenting, it’s important that we are setting a good example for our kids to follow. This means you need to set the tone for your outing. You need to keep a good attitude and encourage your children.
Part of this means leading your children as well as encouraging them. I like to think about how a good shepherd leads their sheep: not by pushing them constantly from behind, but by going ahead of them, showing them the way.
I set a (slow) pace when walking with my young children, and expect them to walk along with me. I don’t drag them along, demand they hold my hands the entire time (even with my less than 2 year old toddlers), or yank them off the ground when they stop. Instead, I walk ahead of them. I show them how to keep a good pace and to keep going. I will then occasionally stop and wait for them to catch up, usually without too much prompting.
Other times I encourage my kids to run ahead, race their siblings or myself, or otherwise challenge them. And just like I wait for them when they are behind, they tend to wait for me when I fall behind eventually too. It’s a give and take.
Make it Fun
The other part of this leading and being a role model is to make exercise, walking, hiking, and general enduring, fun!
Sometimes that means telling stories, walking backwards, skipping, avoiding stepping on cracks, having running contests, throwing stones, singing songs, screaming or laughing at the top of our lungs, or giving my kids a little side kick with my foot on their bum, and letting them do it back.
If my husband is with me, it may even mean spinning our children around in circles, or lifting them up and swinging them between us. (For more ways to be a fun, silly parent, be sure to read THIS).
Part of enduing is often just being able to think about something else, anything else, than the fact that we are exercising or walking really far, or that we are experiencing some level of pain or discomfort. So, teaching your children these same skills, definitely helps them build endurance, and overcome physical limitations.
Another way to make it fun is to have your kids wear the best fitness tracker for kids, like a Fitbit. My husband and I both have Fitbits, so giving your children something that lets them track their own steps ups the level of competitiveness for them, and for you. Win for both of you as they challenge you to get more steps in too.
When your child successfully walks the entire time, or goes without complaining or whining, or otherwise endures, praise them! Tell them how awesome they are for doing something hard, for not giving up, for keeping a good attitude, for enduring when they wanted to quit.
I really believe that teaching kids endurance is important. While I mostly focused on walking (whether on a family hike or thru a venue), endurance is essential to build in kids.
What are your tips on how to build endurance in kids? Do you think it’s an essential part of physical fitness for kids? | <urn:uuid:c114438d-8dc4-415c-87ed-f082d5143b80> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://homecleaningfamily.com/physical-fitness-for-kids-how-to-build-endurance-in-toddlers-and-preschoolers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.964653 | 2,398 | 2.546875 | 3 |
The Basics is the new USNI News video feature in which our staff takes on fundamental concepts, jobs and missions inside the Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard and breaks them down for those who might not be as familiar with the ins and outs of the Sea Services. This month we explain the building blocks of the U.S. Marine Corps, the Marine Air-Ground Task Force, with Col. Patrick Keane, the Deputy Director of the MAGTF Staff Training Program at Marine Corps Base Quantico, Va.
The MAGTF (pronounced MAG-TAF) is the soul of how the Marines organize themselves, from the 500 Marine special purpose units forward deployed in Europe, to the Marine Expeditionary Brigades (MEB) built around a 15,000 Marine infantry regiment, to the 40,000 strong Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF).
The idea is – under a single commander – any MAGTF is a self-contained
fighting force that can sustain itself with limited outside assistance far from home. “Expeditionary,” in Marine speak.
Expeditionary as a concept is important to the Marine ethos, as the force is structured to deploy from amphibious ships at sea to land on hostile shores with a minimal amount of equipment.
No matter the size, all MAGTFs share the same parts — the ground combat element (GCE), the air combat element (ACE), the logistics combat element (LCE) and a command element.
The GCE “includes infantry, artillery, reconnaissance, armor, light armor, assault amphibian, engineer and other forces as needed,” according to the Marine’s 2013 Concepts and Programs. That includes the Marine’s M1-A1 main battle tank that lands onshore on Navy connectors, to the decades old Amphibious Assault Vehicles that swim themselves to the beach, to the Marines’ Light Armored Vehicles, heavy trucks and humvees.
The ACE handles “assault support, anti-air warfare, offensive air support, electronic warfare, control of aircraft and missiles and aerial reconnaissance.” Those missions are undertaken by aircraft like the tilt-rotor MV-22 Osprey, assault helicopters like the AH-1Z Viper, and strike aircraft like AV-8B Harrier and the F/A-18 Hornet fighters Marines fly from amphibious ships and aircraft carriers.
Rounding out the basic functions, the logistics element is responsible for getting Marines the “bullets, beans and bandages” they need for the fight, and the command element tells MAGTF where to go and what to do.
The start of the air-ground task force came with the introduction of the helicopter and resulted in the first MAGTF in 1953, Keane said.
A fundamental idea behind the force is MAGTFs are scalable – it can grow and shrink due to need – but still retains the basic elements inherent to the concept.
MAGTFs is also designed to be combined with other military units in large-scale joint operations, most often with their partners in the Navy but also the Army and the Air Force. | <urn:uuid:9f3d6932-56aa-4f10-971f-052d1e6a56b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.usni.org/2016/04/07/the-basics-how-the-u-s-marines-fight | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.927077 | 640 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Copyright 1994 - 2022 Bill's Bible Basics
Authored By :
Published On :
July 12, 2020
Last Updated :
March 15, 2022
A Problem On The Social Networks, Take Me Out Of This Place, Express Train To Heaven, Is Selfishness A Sign Of Our Times?, Lord Let Me Stay Long Enough To Complete My Work, My Personal Health Issues, Exercise: And Bring Your Body Into Subjection, My Future Goals, Run The Race Of Faith, Crown Of Life For The Winners, He Which Hath Begun A Good Work, Destroy The Wicked, Worsening Wickedness Despite Political Change, Jesus Rebukes Disciples For Hard-Heartedness, Jesus Didn't Come To Destroy Men's Lives, USA Is Begging For God's Wrath, Abraham Pleads For Sodom And Gomorrah, Show Mercy To The Wicked, God Desires Repentance, Our Earnest Desire For Heaven, It's More Needful For Us To Remain On Earth, Get Busy For The Lord, God Doesn't Like Freeloaders, Parable Of The Talents, Salvation Is Free, Rewards Must Be Earned, A Lifelong Commitment, Paul's Advice Regarding Lazy Loafers, Feed God's Sheep, Sacrificial Service, Persecution: Example Of First Century Christians, God Rewards According To Our Works, Closing Remarks, Suggested Reading List
For quite some time now, I have observed what I view as a serious problem within the Body of Christ. This problem is particularly noticeable on some of the social networks, such as Facebook, where I have been a member since early 2011. So what is the nature of the problem of which I speak? Sadly, I have seen so many of my Christian brethren saying or praying something like "Lord, this world is so wicked now. Please, Lord, come soon and take me out of this terrible place." In other words, some of these Christians seem to want an express train to Heaven. They want an easy ride out of here. Is this your attitude?
Well, my friends, I am sorry to tell you, but if that is your attitude, then based on my understanding of the Scriptures, my opinion is that it is the WRONG attitude to have. In fact, for those of you who may be guilty of doing this, I hope that you can see that having such an attitude really borders on selfishness. This is a subject which I likewise discuss in my four-part series entitled "Selfishness: A Prophesied Sign of Our Times?". You may want to read it after finishing this current article.
Personally, the aforementioned attitude is NOT my attitude whatsoever. Quite to the contrary, it is the exact opposite. My attitude has long been along the lines of "Lord, please give me the health, the strength and the stable mind I need to complete the work which you have begun in me. Please give me enough time, Lord, so that I can complete everything which I would yet like to accomplish for You." That is how I have personally prayed, and I mean every word of it. I am in no hurry to take an express train to Heaven. No bullet train for me.
My prayer has become more earnest in recent years, because as some of my longtime friends and readers will know, since 2017 I have been hospitalized twice for two occurrences of DVT -- Deep Vein Thrombosis -- and also for Acute Bilateral Pulmonary Emboli. In other words, due to my rather sedentary life, and spending so many long hours sitting at my computer desk, I have had a serious issue with blood clots forming in my legs and throughout my lungs. As some of you will know, if a blood clot migrates to my heart or to my brain, I could die quickly. Thus, I am now required to take an anticoagulant -- or blood thinner -- on a daily basis for the remainder of my mortal life.
I have a number of other long-standing health issues as well which have forced me to slow down considerably in regards to the amount of work I can accomplish for the Lord each day. As I have mentioned a few times before, it is not like the 1990s when I was a lot younger and could write and write and write, and get by on very little sleep for a few days straight. It's clear that those days are now long gone. At any rate, after almost a two-year hiatus due to my two bouts with DVT, I was finally able to muster some self-discipline, and I have begun my exercise regimen again. I use light dumbbells, along with a set of body weight exercises, which I perform several times each week. But it is not easy at my age, my friends. The old flesh rebels daily and I have to bring it into subjection, as the Apostle Paul writes in the following group of verses:
"Know ye not that they which run in a race run all, but one receiveth the prize? So run, that ye may obtain. And every man that striveth for the mastery is temperate in all things. Now they do it to obtain a corruptible crown: but we an incorruptible: I therefore so run, not as uncertainly: so fight I, not as one that beateth the air: But I keep under my body and bring it into subjection: lest that by any means, when I have preached to others, I myself should be a castaway."
1 Corinthians 9:24-27, KJV
So to reiterate my earlier point, unlike some of my Christian brethren, personally, I am not looking for a fast exit from this current earthly life, or for an express train to Heaven. There is still so much that I want and feel that I need to do with the Bill's Bible Basics and the Christian Social Network ministries before Jesus calls me to my Eternal Home. I have so many articles and series which remain to be completed that have been sitting in limbo for literally years now. Likewise, I have many older articles which now require an update. More KJV Bible Verse Lists will no doubt be compiled in upcoming years as well, and more poems will be composed as inspiration leads. And, of course, I'll never be done making new graphics for the BBB Graphics Library. So, as you can see, I want to run the full course of my earthly race before my time runs out here. I am reminded of the following additional verses regarding running the race of faith:
"Let thine eyes look right on, and let thine eyelids look straight before thee. Ponder the path of thy feet, and let all thy ways be established. Turn not to the right hand nor to the left: remove thy foot from evil."
Proverbs 4:25-27, KJV
"Ye did run well; who did hinder you that ye should not obey the truth?"
Galatians 5:7, KJV
"Holding forth the word of life; that I may rejoice in the day of Christ, that I have not run in vain, neither laboured in vain."
Philippians 2:16, KJV
"Brethren, I count not myself to have apprehended: but this one thing I do, forgetting those things which are behind, and reaching forth unto those things which are before, I press toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus."
Philippians 3:13-14, KJV
"For I am now ready to be offered, and the time of my departure is at hand. I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith: Henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous judge, shall give me at that day: and not to me only, but unto all them also that love his appearing."
2 Timothy 4:6-8, KJV
"Wherefore seeing we also are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which doth so easily beset us, and let us run with patience the race that is set before us. Looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of our faith: who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is set down at the right hand of the throne of God. For consider him that endured such contradiction of sinners against himself lest ye be wearied and faint in your minds."
Hebrews 12:1-3, KJV
As the Apostle Paul wrote above in his first Epistle to the brethren at Corinth, we run this race of faith, in the hope that when all is said and done, and we have finally finished running our course in this present life, we will each receive our Crown of Life in Heaven. Here again is a set of some of my favorite Scriptures regarding this subject of receiving our Crown of Life. I hope that you enjoy them as much as I do:
"Blessed is the man that endureth temptation: for when he is tried, he shall receive the crown of life, which the Lord hath promised to them that love him."
James 1:12, KJV
"And when the chief Shepherd shall appear, ye shall receive a crown of glory that fadeth not away."
1 Peter 5:4, KJV
". . . be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life."
Revelation 2:10, KJV
"Behold, I come quickly: hold that fast which thou hast, that no man take thy crown."
Revelation 3:11, KJV
So as I mentioned earlier, I want the Lord to perform and to complete the good work which He has begun in me, so that in the end, by God's Grace, I will be able to claim my Heavenly Reward. That is, my Crown of Life. That is in fact one of the reasons why I have begun to exercise again. I believe that I need to give the Lord my cooperation by doing what I can to keep my body healthy and pliable. If you are also an elderly person, then I am sure you also understand how the human body begins to stiffen up, loses muscle mass, and becomes a lot less pliable if we become too sedentary, exactly as I've been doing in recent decades. Need I even mention the extra fat around the sides and belly which I really do not like? As the Apostle Paul wisely wrote to the Philippians:
"Being confident of this very thing, that he which hath begun a good work in you will perform it until the day of Jesus Christ:"
Philippians 1:6, KJV
Getting back to the problem I mentioned earlier, what saddens me even more is that it is compounded by the fact that on a number of occasions, I have actually seen people on Facebook -- meaning my Christian brethren -- say such things as "Lord, destroy the wicked!", meaning the wicked people who run the United States. Look, my friends; we all know that there is a lot of wickedness in this present world, including in the US. I am not going to enumerate the sins and evils here, because we all already know what they are. As I have said before, it does not matter which political party is in power. It does not matter who is president. It does not matter who sits on the Supreme Court of the United States. Decade after decade, the blatant rebellion against God's Laws, sin and depravity just keep getting worse and worse.
But, my friends, here's the thing. Do you honestly think that the world was any less evil during the First Century when the Lord walked the Earth? People are people. Sin, and our fallen nature, has been the same for thousands of years. Yet, even though Jesus was fully aware of that fact, when the Disciples made a slip-up similar to what some of these Christians are saying on Facebook today, consider how the Lord reacted to their callous lack of love and mercy:
"And it came to pass, when the time was come that he should be received up, he stedfastly set his face to go to Jerusalem, And sent messengers before his face: and they went, and entered into a village of the Samaritans, to make ready for him. And they did not receive him, because his face was as though he would go to Jerusalem. And when his disciples James and John saw this, they said, Lord, wilt thou that we command fire to come down from heaven, and consume them, even as Elias did? But he turned, and rebuked them, and said, Ye know not what manner of spirit ye are of. For the Son of man is not come to destroy men's lives, but to save them. And they went to another village."
Luke 9:51-56, KJV
Just think about that. Jesus turned around and rebuked His very own followers, because they wanted to wipe out a town who chose not to receive Him. Now, tell me. How is that any different from these Christians today who say "Destroy the wicked, Lord!"? Do you see my point? Let me tell you this. Those of us who understand God's Word realize that sooner or later, yes, God is indeed going to have to pour out His Wrath on the United States. They have been begging for it for literally decades by scoffing at the Lord and His Word. I honestly don't know when it will happen, or exactly how it is going to happen. However, when it does begin to happen, I am willing to bet that you will be sorry that you ever said "Lord, destroy the wicked!", because I suspect that it will be very bad. Even people you know and love might feel His Wrath. Please think about that for a moment.
I have shared the story of Abraham before. No doubt, Abram was fully aware of how vile and evil Sodom and Gomorrah and the other cities of the plain were. They were probably a lot like Las Vegas or New Orleans, or any other big city where fleshly lust is trafficked. They had their reputation. Now, on top of that, to complicate the situation, Abraham's own nephew, Lot, lived in that wicked city with his family. Who knows. Maybe it was good for his business. Yet even though he knew how absolutely wicked those cities were, did Abram say "Destroy the wicked, Lord!"? No he did not. That dear man did the exact opposite. He pleaded with the Lord. He bargained with Him. He started out at fifty righteous, then forty-five, then forty, then thirty, then twenty, and then finally merely ten righteous. Of course, as you can read in Genesis 18 and 19, the Lord had His way anyway, and those cities were utterly destroyed.
But the point is, just like Abraham and Jesus, God expects us to show mercy to the wicked, because that is the way God is Himself. If He is forced to destroy a city or nation, it is usually as a last resort, because they are simply beyond redemption and totally incorrigible. Just stop and think for a moment about how the Lord constantly preached about love, forgiveness and mercy in the Gospels. Following are some additional verses which describe not only the extent of the Lord's Mercy, but His desire that we all come to repentance:
"Say unto them, As I live, saith the Lord GOD, I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked; but that the wicked turn from his way and live: turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways; for why will ye die, O house of Israel?"
Ezekiel 33:11, KJV
"For the Lord will not cast off for ever: But though he cause grief, yet will he have compassion according to the multitude of his mercies. For he doth not afflict willingly nor grieve the children of men."
Lamentations 3:31-33, KJV
"Take heed that ye despise not one of these little ones; for I say unto you, That in heaven their angels do always behold the face of my Father which is in heaven. For the Son of man is come to save that which was lost. How think ye? if a man have an hundred sheep, and one of them be gone astray, doth he not leave the ninety and nine, and goeth into the mountains, and seeketh that which is gone astray? And if so be that he find it, verily I say unto you, he rejoiceth more of that sheep, than of the ninety and nine which went not astray. Even so it is not the will of your Father which is in heaven, that one of these little ones should perish."
Matthew 18:10-14, KJV
"For the Son of man is come to seek and to save that which was lost."
Luke 19:10, KJV
"For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved."
John 3:16-17, KJV
"Repent ye therefore, and be converted, that your sins may be blotted out, when the times of refreshing shall come from the presence of the Lord; And he shall send Jesus Christ, which before was preached unto you: Whom the heaven must receive until the times of restitution of all things, which God hath spoken by the mouth of all his holy prophets since the world began."
Acts 3:19-21, KJV
"For this is good and acceptable in the sight of God our Saviour; Who will have all men to be saved, and to come unto the knowledge of the truth."
1 Timothy 2:3-4, KJV
"The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count slackness; but is longsuffering to us-ward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance."
2 Peter 3:9, KJV
"And ye have forgotten the exhortation which speaketh unto you as unto children, My son, despise not thou the chastening of the Lord, nor faint when thou art rebuked of him: For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth. If ye endure chastening, God dealeth with you as with sons; for what son is he whom the father chasteneth not? But if ye be without chastisement, whereof all are partakers, then are ye bastards, and not sons. Furthermore we have had fathers of our flesh which corrected us, and we gave them reverence: shall we not much rather be in subjection unto the Father of spirits, and live? For they verily for a few days chastened us after their own pleasure; but he for our profit, that we might be partakers of his holiness. Now no chastening for the present seemeth to be joyous, but grievous: nevertheless afterward it yieldeth the peaceable fruit of righteousness unto them which are exercised thereby. Wherefore lift up the hands which hang down, and the feeble knees; And make straight paths for your feet, lest that which is lame be turned out of the way; but LET IT RATHER BE HEALED."
Hebrews 12:5-13, KJV
In light of all the previous verses I have now shared with you, we can conclude that the errors of some of these online Christians are basically two. First, some of them seem to think that they deserve a quick and easy exit to Heaven. "Alright, Lord. Just beam me up! I am ready to go! Any time now will be just fine, Lord!" And then, to compound their first error, they add "Oh, and by the way, Lord, destroy the wicked while you are at! Just wipe them all out!" Can you see how contrary that attitude is to the Scriptures we have examined? Can you see how selfish and self-righteous such an attitude is?
Don't get me wrong. We all desire our Heavenly Home, myself included. But if God needed you there, and wanted you there, you would be there already. However, you are NOT there. So what does that tell you, or what SHOULD it tell you? In my view, it should tell you that your job here on Earth is not finished yet, and that God still needs you here, and NOT up there in the City of Light. The First Century Christians understood this. They too desired their Heavenly Abode. But at the same time, they realized that they still had a very important job to fulfill here on the Earth first. In fact, the Apostle Paul contemplated this very same issue in his Epistle to the Philippian brethren. Paul desired Heaven. He wanted to go be with Jesus. Yet he realized that it was more needful for him to remain on Earth for the time being, as we can clearly determine by the following set of verses:
"For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain. But if I live in the flesh, this is the fruit of my labour: yet what I shall choose I wot not. For I am in a strait betwixt two, having a desire to depart, and to be with Christ; which is far better: NEVERTHELESS TO ABIDE IN THE FLESH IS MORE NEEDFUL FOR YOU. And having this confidence, I know that I shall abide and continue with you all for your furtherance and joy of faith; That your rejoicing may be more abundant in Jesus Christ for me by my coming to you again."
Philippians 1:21-26, KJV
So the lesson is rather clear. You need to stop your whining and complaining about how wicked the world has become, stop demanding the express lane to Heaven, and get busy doing the job which the Lord has for you to do in the here and now. If you really want the reward -- meaning your Crown of Life -- you need to do the work first. God does not like freeloaders. Do you remember Jesus' Parable regarding the talents? Do you recall how the lazy servant was rebuked, and in fact lost his talent? If not, consider the following verses:
"For the kingdom of heaven is as a man travelling into a far country, who called his own servants, and delivered unto them his goods. And unto one he gave five talents, to another two, and to another one; to every man according to his several ability; and straightway took his journey. Then he that had received the five talents went and traded with the same, and made them other five talents. And likewise he that had received two, he also gained other two. But he that had received one went and digged in the earth, and hid his lord's money. After a long time the lord of those servants cometh, and reckoneth with them. And so he that had received five talents came and brought other five talents, saying, Lord, thou deliveredst unto me five talents: behold, I have gained beside them five talents more. His lord said unto him, Well done, thou good and faithful servant: thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over many things: enter thou into the joy of thy lord. He also that had received two talents came and said, Lord, thou deliveredst unto me two talents: behold, I have gained two other talents beside them. His lord said unto him, Well done, good and faithful servant; thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over many things: enter thou into the joy of thy lord. Then he which had received the one talent came and said, Lord, I knew thee that thou art an hard man, reaping where thou hast not sown, and gathering where thou hast not strawed: And I was afraid, and went and hid thy talent in the earth: lo, there thou hast that is thine. His lord answered and said unto him, Thou wicked and slothful servant, thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and gather where I have not strawed: Thou oughtest therefore to have put my money to the exchangers, and then at my coming I should have received mine own with usury. Take therefore the talent from him, and give it unto him which hath ten talents. For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath. And cast ye the unprofitable servant into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth."
Matthew 25:14-30, KJV
As I point out in the series entitled "Parable of the Sower: Salvation and Service", Salvation is indeed free through the Sacrifice of Jesus Christ. However, we each need to earn our rewards by dedicating our lives to the Lord's service in some fashion. And, unlike the Mormons who do a two-year stint as missionaries for their church on some far-flung field, and then return to the world, serving the Lord is supposed to be a lifelong commitment. Consider what the Apostle Paul wrote in the following verses regarding certain lazy loafers who were a problem in the First Century Church:
"For even when we were with you, this we commanded you, that if any would not work, neither should he eat. For we hear that there are some which walk among you disorderly, working not at all, but are busybodies. Now them that are such we command and exhort by our Lord Jesus Christ, that with quietness they work, and eat their own bread."
2 Thessalonians 3:10-12, KJV
So, tell me, my friends. What is YOUR attitude? Do you put God's lost and hungry sheep first? Do you feed His lambs as He instructed us to do with the pure waters of His Word? Do you offer up your life and body on the altar of sacrificial service to the Lord? Are you a witness of your faith as much as lies within you? Do you truly redeem the time and use it wisely for His glory? Are you crucified with Christ? Do you deny yourself and take up your cross daily? Or are you like some of these Christians I see on Facebook who basically say "Forget about the lost sheep! Just get me out of this wicked place, Lord! Pronto!"? Do you just think about saving your own skin, and avoiding any risk of persecution, pain and suffering for His Name's sake? Do you demand that God rains down hellfire on the wicked?
As we have now clearly seen by way of the Scriptures, that certainly was not the attitude of the First Century Apostles and Disciples. They were known by their love for each other, and their love for the lost, even when it was to their own hurt. Yes, it was indeed hard for them, but so many of them gladly suffered persecution, and willingly gave their lives as a testimony of their faith in Christ. Why? Because their eyes were set firmly on the recompense of the reward. They knew that their works for the Lord would follow them into the Next Realm, and that a Crown of Life awaited them there, as we can easily determine by the following set of verses:
"If thou sayest, Behold, we knew it not; doth not he that pondereth the heart consider it? and he that keepeth thy soul, doth not he know it? and shall not he render to every man according to his works?"
Proverbs 24:12, KJV
"Behold, the Lord GOD will come with strong hand, and his arm shall rule for him: behold, his reward is with him, and his work before him."
Isaiah 40:10, KJV
"Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you, and persecute you, and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake. Rejoice, and be exceeding glad: for great is your reward in heaven: for so persecuted they the prophets which were before you."
Matthew 5:11-12, KJV
"For the Son of man shall come in the glory of his Father with his angels; and then he shall reward every man according to his works."
Matthew 16:27, KJV
"Blessed are ye, when men shall hate you, and when they shall separate you from their company, and shall reproach you, and cast out your name as evil, for the Son of man's sake. Rejoice ye in that day, and leap for joy: for, behold, your reward is great in heaven: for in the like manner did their fathers unto the prophets . . . But love ye your enemies, and do good, and lend, hoping for nothing again; and your reward shall be great, and ye shall be the children of the Highest: for he is kind unto the unthankful and to the evil."
Luke 6:22-23, 35, KJV
"Now he that planteth and he that watereth are one: and every man shall receive his own reward according to his own labour. For we are labourers together with God: ye are God's husbandry, ye are God's building . . . Every man's work shall be made manifest: for the day shall declare it, because it shall be revealed by fire; and the fire shall try every man's work of what sort it is. If any man's work abide which he hath built thereupon, he shall receive a reward. If any man's work shall be burned, he shall suffer loss: but he himself shall be saved; yet so as by fire."
1 Corinthians 3:8-9, 13-15, KJV
"Let no man beguile you of your reward in a voluntary humility and worshipping of angels, intruding into those things which he hath not seen, vainly puffed up by his fleshly mind,"
Colossians 2:18, KJV
"And whatsoever ye do, do it heartily, as to the Lord, and not unto men; Knowing that of the Lord ye shall receive the reward of the inheritance: for ye serve the Lord Christ."
Colossians 3:23-24, KJV
"Cast not away therefore your confidence, which hath great recompence of reward. For ye have need of patience, that, after ye have done the will of God, ye might receive the promise. For yet a little while, and he that shall come will come, and will not tarry."
Hebrews 10:35-37, KJV
"But without faith it is impossible to please him: for he that cometh to God must believe that he is, and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him . . . By faith Moses, when he was come to years, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh's daughter; Choosing rather to suffer affliction with the people of God, than to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season; Esteeming the reproach of Christ greater riches than the treasures in Egypt: for he had respect unto the recompence of the reward."
Hebrews 11:6, 24-26, KJV
"And if ye call on the Father, who without respect of persons judgeth according to every man's work, pass the time of your sojourning here in fear:"
1 Peter 1:17, KJV
"Look to yourselves, that we lose not those things which we have wrought, but that we receive a full reward."
2 John 1:8, KJV
". . . I am he which searcheth the reins and hearts: and I will give unto every one of you according to your works."
Revelation 2:23, KJV
"And the nations were angry, and thy wrath is come, and the time of the dead, that they should be judged, and that thou shouldest give reward unto thy servants the prophets, and to the saints, and them that fear thy name, small and great; and shouldest destroy them which destroy the earth."
Revelation 11:18, KJV
"And I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, Write, Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord from henceforth: Yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labours; and their works do follow them."
Revelation 14:13, KJV
"And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works. And the sea gave up the dead which were in it; and death and hell delivered up the dead which were in them: and they were judged every man according to their works."
Revelation 20:12-13, KJV
"And, behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to give every man according as his work shall be."
Revelation 22:12, KJV
In conclusion, my friends, do not look for an express train to Heaven. Yes, keep your sight on Heaven, but concentrate on what the Lord wants you to do in the here and now. And please don't be too quick to condemn the wicked, or to demand their destruction. After all, at one time, you were lost as well, and living in rebellion against the Lord.
With these thoughts I will bring this article to a close. It is my hope that you have found it to be both informative and enlightening, and I pray that it has been a blessing in your life as well. If you have an account with Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr or with any other social network, I would really appreciate if you would take the time to click or tap on the corresponding link that is found on this page. Thanks so much, and may God bless you abundantly!
For additional information, you may want to refer to the list of reading resources below which were also mentioned in this article, or which contain topics that are related to this article, and which are likewise located on the Bill's Bible Basics web server.
Are You a Burning Ember for the Lord?
Are You Crucified With Christ?
Are You Redeeming the Time?
Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah: A Warning to Modern Society
Don't Ever Underestimate Our Spiritual Enemy
My Personal Vision and Your Challenge
Parable of the Sower: Salvation and Service
Selfishness: A Prophesied Sign of Our Times?
Sluggards and Sloths: Are You Diligent and Faithful in the Affairs of God's Kingdom?
Study, Work and Don't Be Ashamed
The Heavenly Vision: Have You Got It?
This Little Light, Glory of the Lord and Our Bright Future
What is God's Will for My Life?
Why Did the Apostle Paul Have a Low Opinion of Physical Exercise? | <urn:uuid:2fe488aa-6e5e-4816-b392-e567ea608654> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.billkochman.com/Articles/forget-the-express-train.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.972432 | 7,337 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Winter mortality of entire honeybee colonies can have multiple causes, such as poor quality and inadequate food, diseases and parasites such as viruses and Varroa mite, and possibly by pesticides. This type of mortality occurs between September and April.
What is bee mortality?
Bee mortality cannot be interpreted as a single concept. If only few bees die, then this is usually not a problem. But if much of a bee colony or an entire colony dies, then the alarm bells start ringing. Bee mortality can have multiple causes. During the growing season, bee mortality can be caused by pesticide spraying or certain diseases such as Nosema and Acarapis. But lack of food can also be a cause.
Winter mortality of entire bee colonies is a different matter entirely. This type of mortality occurs between September and April and is often multifactorial. An important role is played by factors that have a direct negative impact on the health of 'winter bees'. This generation of long-lived bees is needed for colonies to survive the winter. The lifespan and physiology of winter bees can be affected by poor quality and inadequate food, diseases and parasites such as viruses and Varroa mite, and possibly by pesticides. To make it even more complex, these factors also vary over time (for instance between seasons) and between regions, sometimes by country or region, or even per apiary. Bijen@wur investigates which factors play a role in winter mortality and how they influence each other.
Colony collapse disorder (CCD)
Winter mortality is often confused with the terms disappearing disease and colony collapse disorder (CCD). These 'symptom complexes' can cause winter mortality, but not all winter mortality is associated with them. For example, winter mortality can occur because a colony loses its queen or simply starves. CCD and disappearing disease have a number of similarities; the most obvious characteristics are the following:
- The beehive is entirely abandoned (possibly with a few dead bees with the queen, in or near the hive),
- Presence of capped brood,
- Presence of food stores, both honey and bee pollen.
CCD has so far been described only in the USA, where in some years it is responsible for most bee mortality (60% of all mortality in the winter of 2007-08, compared with 15% in the winter of 2008-09; Ellis et al. 2010, Journal of Apicultural Research 49(1): 134-136).
Disappearing disease is not a recent phenomenon, but was described for instance in 1990 by Ko Zoet in the periodical Bijen of the Association for the Advancement of Beekeeping in Netherlands (VBBN). At that time it was primarily associated with the consequences of Varroa destructor. Moreover, the 'Beekeeping Workbook' of Speelziek (published around 1980, before the first Varroa mite infestations) devoted a page to this disease. | <urn:uuid:3cbe1504-1616-4de5-9e5d-02a860c85f7f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wur.nl/en/research-results/research-institutes/plant-research/biointeractions-plant-health/bees-1/bee-research/bee-mortality.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.952913 | 606 | 3.90625 | 4 |
Sustainable urban mobility paradigm has recently gained prominence in both developed and developing cities, yet the transition process raises important concerns and issues. Socio-technical transition perspective provides a useful way to interpret the social and technical dynamics and complexities involved in sustainability transitions. However, the context of developing megacities presents significant differences with that of the developed cities in terms of institutional settings, governance structures, and urban mobility challenges. This paper proposes a socio-technical transition perspective to examine and analyze the urban mobility systems in developing mega cities. In addition, a multi-level perspective is offered to understand the dynamics of sustainable urban mobility transitions. The case study of Istanbul, a developing megacity having a population of nearly 15 million people with many urban mobility problems such as chronic traffic congestion, overcrowded public buses, traffic accidents and injuries, air and noise pollution, helps substantiate the proposed socio-technical perspective. The theoretical insights and empirical findings strongly suggest the potential usefulness of this perspective for other megacities grappling with similar problems. | <urn:uuid:cda655ff-e03d-4c96-b458-cda7a9de944a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://avesis.itu.edu.tr/yayin/a8d9aa5c-901e-4f14-be83-a16eb3c0b74f/pathways-to-sustainable-urban-mobility-in-developing-megacities-a-socio-technical-transition-perspective | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.920823 | 202 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Syria’s civil war has been going on for more than two years. Seventy thousand people have been killed, most of them civilians. More than 3 million Syrians have been driven from their homes, nearly a million taking refuge in Turkey, Jordan, and Lebanon. The war, increasingly a sectarian battle between the Sunni majority and the ruling Alawite minority, may yet ignite a more direct confrontation between Shiite Iran and Iraq and their Sunni antagonists in Saudi Arabia, the Gulf States, and Turkey. There have already been bombings in Turkey and Lebanon, and the Israelis have made preemptive strikes against Hezbollah in Syria. The extremely precarious situation seems to call for a robust international response. Yet as the United States learned in Iraq and Afghanistan, any large-scale military intervention in the Islamic world is more than likely to fail.
Bashar al-Assad, Syria’s Baathist dictator, continues to cling to power thanks to the protection and aid provided by Russia, a long-standing ally, and the military and material assistance of his Iranian and Iraqi co-religionists. The Alawite minority of 4 million remains loyal to Assad, fearing they will be slaughtered should the Sunnis come to power, and willing to resort to ethnic cleansing themselves to forestall that outcome. On the rebel side, radical Islamists have flocked to Syria and are now the dominant opposition force. Their goal is to create an Islamist state, a prospect that alarms Israel, the United States, and the Arab monarchies in equal measure. Military aid to the rebels, mostly from Sunni Arab states, is being funneled through the more secular opposition leaders, but fear of arming jihadists has limited the types of weapons being supplied. Without anti-aircraft missiles, the rebels cannot contest the regime’s air superiority. The result is stalemate.
No one knows which side will prevail in this savage conflict, and few knowledgeable observers think the fighting will soon end even if the United States provides the rebels with more potent weaponry. Nevertheless, enormous political pressure is building for the United States to act in some decisive way, especially in the aftermath of what appears to be the use of chemical weapons by the regime. Although his policy is widely derided as timid or worse, President Barack Obama appears determined not to allow the United States to be drawn into yet another war. Such caution should be commended. Only the most unrepentant advocates for the invasion of Iraq think the United States has the tools and the knowledge to fundamentally change the course of events in Syria. U.S. intervention might be warranted if there were a reasonable prospect that it would bring the killing to a quick end, but almost no one thinks that would happen under the current conditions.
Still, there are many eloquent, morally serious advocates calling for intervention, and their views should not be dismissed lightly. Most of them urge the United States to supply the rebels (but somehow not the jihadists) with advanced weapons, establish a no-fly zone, and create “humanitarian corridors” where refugees can be protected from Assad’s murderous militias. Even the administration’s most vocal critics, however, do not advocate sending in ground troops. Yet what if these partial measures were to fail, as they are likely to? At that point, the pressure to commit ground forces will be nearly impossible to resist, especially if U.S. military personnel are at risk. Containing Assad’s large stockpiles of chemical and biological weapons presents an even more daunting problem. Bombing those facilities is not an option, and the best-case scenario for securing the weapons would require at least seventy-five thousand U.S. troops and would most likely result in significant civilian and U.S. military casualties.
There are no good military options available to stop the carnage in Syria. One possible sign of hope is the agreement between the United States and Russia to convene a conference on Syria within the next few weeks. Up until this point, Russia has blocked every effort to oust Assad. Evidently the Syrian regime’s willingness to use chemical weapons has set off alarms in Moscow, which has its own reasons not to want such weapons to fall into the hands of jihadists in control of a failed state. Russia also knows that the United States and the international community will feel compelled to act should Assad use those weapons on a broader scale. At the moment, the best chance for a negotiated settlement—one that would include elements of the current regime in a coalition government, thus avoiding the sort of anarchy that followed the overthrow of Saddam Hussein—depends on the Russians exerting pressure on Assad. That is not much of a hope, but every possible alternative must be pursued before we resort to military intervention.
May 14, 2013 | <urn:uuid:49e019f6-60d2-4422-b889-615f80237070> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/time-intervene?tid=55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.962021 | 964 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Colours of Drama - an Instrumental Musictheatre for Cello, Cello Bow and Cellist.
With her cello and and all its infinite acoustic colours and playing techniques, the cellist and pianist, Anna Lang, conjures musical orchestration and imagery on the stage. The works – mainly her own compositions – are inspired by the colours, forms and facets of musical and performing arts.
Among the compositional influences in Anna Lang's music are the rhythms and tonal effects of jazz and extemporised music, but also the indestructible and valuable background of her classical musical training is incorporated. Especially in the solo programme Colours of Drama her creative passion to create something innovative and her enthusiasm for the fine art and performing arts is demonstrated.
Portions of scenes in which each unit has its own storyline, alternate with musical drama which is narrated in multiple acts.
Anna Lang finds her creative impulse in paintings, print graphics, in different snapshots of fascinating charcters as well as in the diverse perspectives, which may reflect a special atmosphere or moment.
Music and Komposition: Anna Lang
Production: Anna Lang
Dramatic Structure: Anna Lang
Rehearsal: Alois Eberl
Story/Creative Impulse: Pictures and paintings, print series, dramatic characters of everyday life, moods and moments of life …
Cellist = Pianist (double role)
Lieselotte Lang or freely improvised
( Pictures by Maria Frodl )
Krone Kultur / 07 / 2018 / B. Sulzer
„(..) the, in technique and affect presentation masterful pianist, composer and above all cellist, Anna Lang.“
Krone Donauwellen / 07 / 2018 / M. Stöger
„The cellist, Anna Lang, played her way into the hearts of the audience (..)“
Volksblatt / 07 / 2018 / G. Szeless
„The cellist and pianist Anna Lang, astonished with her dazzling technique on both instruments as well as her highly-demanded own compositions. In this age of self-playing pianos, one does not need to be amazed how the talented musician combines art and technique in a peaceful manner to create sound experiences.“
Kulturzeitschrift Bamberg / 01 / 2013 J. Gräber
„Cello, piano or oboe? No problem, Anna Lang can handle it – all in a personal union.“
„(...) full of atmosphere, the orchestra accompanied the sololist Anna Lang during one of the most difficult cello concerts, the cello concert in D-major by Joseph Haydn (…) The artist Anna Lang (…) was convincing with her creative force and mastered sovereignly the exacting musical demands the composition makes upon the soloist.“
„(...) Romance for the violoncello and orchestra by Richard Strauss (…) Anna Lang played the solo part (…) the intonation was frequently close to the expression of the human voice.
Neues Volksblatt / 2012/ J. Gebetsroither
“ Four premiere compositions (composed by Anna Lang) at the beginning drew the audience together (…) Despite the boisterousness and obliqueness of the compositions, one could not escape the eccentric, perfection and simultaneous beauty. Highest marks!"
Kronen Zeitung / 2011/ Peter Baumann:
“Anna Lang's compositions alternate between romantic longing and racy frolicking. This evening introduced a poetess of tones who has no fear of melodies...." | <urn:uuid:38288e00-84a5-4ad1-8d74-7c782a2b3a30> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://anna-lang-cello-piano.at/en/colours-of-drama.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.876367 | 886 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Cats do a lot of unusual things, but one of the creepiest is sleeping with their eyes open.
This is not just scary, but some owners believe it is a warning that something is awry.
Cats are known for sleeping with one or both eyes open. When they do, the third eyelid is likely to appear (nictitating membrane). This prevents damage to the cornea.
When cats are in the lighter slow-wave sleep, they sleep with their eyes open (SWS).
They do this to defend themselves from harm by keeping a physical eye on what’s going on around them when sleeping, when they’re most vulnerable.
It might, however, be an indication of a painful injury that prevents cats from closing their eyes.
While it’s normal for cats to keep their eyes open, you should be on the lookout for symptoms of disease or injury.
Why Do Cats Sleep with Their Eyes Open?
Cats fall asleep with their eyes open for a variety of reasons. The most prevalent reason is that your cat is programmed to escape from danger.
This is a necessary aspect of a wild cat’s daily life, thus it must keep its eyes awake at all times. Predation is a possibility if the cat cannot run soon enough.
That is not, however, the sole reason.
Cats sleep with their eyes open because:
1. Light Sleep
Your cat is most likely resting with its eyes open since it is in a light nap. As previously stated, this enables cats to respond to danger.
If your cat sleeps with one or both eyes open, it is most likely not in the deepest stage of slumber. As a result, a light sound or touch might quickly wake it up.
Cats preserve energy by sleeping in tiny spurts throughout the day so they can hunt at night.
Cats are also affected by the weather, so when it’s chilly and rainy, they’re more prone to sleep lightly.
2. Noisy Environment
Domestic cats are less concerned about environmental risks, although they will keep their eyes open if the surroundings is loud and there is a lot going on.
Cats will tuck themselves away to sleep while keeping at least one eye open, especially if the house is full of people (even strangers) during the day.
This helps them to keep a close watch on any risks they may need to flee from.
Provide access to a quiet, dark room where your cat may tuck itself away to sleep if it looks uneasy in its surroundings.
Place your pet’s bedding and toys in the area to indicate that they are yours. This should make your cat feel at ease enough to go asleep in a deep quick eye moment.
3. Injured Eyes
Cats get into fights on a regular basis, especially if they venture out late at night.
They might easily wind up with a severe scratch across their eye or eyelid if they come across a territorial cat on their excursions. As a result, shutting them down may cause discomfort to the animal.
The third eyelid, in particular, can become lacerated if it is injured. This is a typical injury observed in active cats involved in fights, according to Greenside Animal Hospital.
Scratches can also lead to painful cornea ulceration.
The following are some of the most common signs and symptoms of ocular trauma:
- Inflammation and redness
- Eyes that have watery discharge
- A scrape that may be seen
- The presence of cloudiness
- Grabbing the eyeball
Eye medications can be used to treat these injuries, but in the most severe cases, suturing may be required.
4. Foreign Bodies
Foreign objects in the eye, such as glass, sand, or thorns, can create painful sores and ulcers, preventing the cat from resting with its eyes closed.
If the foreign body isn’t removed soon, it might cause an infection in the eye.
Items that barely penetrate the cornea’s surface can be removed using a local anesthetic. If the foreign body has penetrated deep into the body, it will need to be surgically removed.
5. Dry Eye
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca is the scientific name for dry eye in cats (KCS). When the cornea gets irritated and the surrounding tissue dries up, dry eye develops.
The failure to create enough tear duct film, which lubricates the eye and eliminates dirt and debris, causes it.
The following are some of the most prevalent causes of KCS, according to VCA Hospitals:
- Immune system weakness, which is frequently hereditary
- Herpes virus in cats
- A number of medicines are available.
- The consequences of an inner ear infection on the nervous system
- Cats with KCS are more likely to have:
- Eyes those are red and inflamed
- Squinting and blinking excessively
- Unattractive appearance
- Yellow, thick discharge
Some cats can’t close their eyes at all because they hurt too much, while others can’t close them at all because they hurt too much.
As a result, to minimize discomfort, they will sleep with the injured eye open.
6. Watching Out For Owners
Cats who have developed a strong attachment with their owners find it difficult to be apart from them and like to know where they are at all times.
Cats attach themselves to their owners and utilize them as a sense of security, according to a publication called Current Biology.
Researchers noticed that when their owners returned following a brief absence, cats that had built a deep link with them were less worried and calmer.
According to this study, some cats keep their eyes open when sleeping to keep a watch on their owners. If their owner leaves the room, the cat will wake up and follow them to stay nearby.
7. Waiting For Food
Hungry cats sleep little and often in order to save their energy.
If they are aware that food is around or that dinner is approaching, they will become more awake – even when sleeping – in order to prepare themselves for food.
Similarly, greedy or opportunistic cats keep their eyes wide so that they may respond as soon as their owner enters the kitchen or a storage room where food is kept.
They’ll follow in the hopes of winning goodies or food.
You might find it interesting to read about why is my cat closing one eye
Why Does My Cat Sleep With His Eyes Half Open?
When cats sleep with their eyes half open, their third eyelid is exposed. When a cat closes its eyes, the first two eyelids form on the top and bottom of the eye, meeting in the middle.
The third eyelid, commonly known as the nictitating membrane, is positioned at the inner corners of the eye.
When a cat blinks, the third eyelid operates like a windshield wiper, cleaning dust, pollen, debris, and other foreign substances. It also causes up to half of a cat’s regular tears to be produced.
Cats’ eyes occasionally remain open while they are calm and go into a deep slumber, as previously described.
Similarly, if the eyelids are closed at first, they will gradually open as the cat’s muscles relax.
During the cat’s resting periods, the third eyelid becomes more evident to protect the cornea and hydrate the eye.
When seeing a cat’s third eye while it’s resting is natural, seeing it when the cat is up and aware might be an indication of disease.
Among the signs and symptoms of an illness are:
- Urination or thirst problems Frequent trips to the litter box
- Appetite decreases or increases
- Increased articulation
- Weight gain or decrease
- Grooming practises have changed.
- Stale breath
- Hide and seek
As a result, keep an eye on your cat’s third eyelid to see if it’s still visible when he or she wakes up. If it does, consult a veterinarian.
While it may appear like cats sleep with their eyes wide open, their third eyelid protects them from dirt and debris.
Cats have a lot in common with their wild counterparts. As a result, even when they’re safe within their house, they have advanced instincts to protect themselves from threat.
Can Cats Sleep With Their Eyes Open?
YES. Cats are capable of sleeping with their eyes open. Many cats sleep with their eyes slightly open when they are sleeping.
The feature is more frequent in older cats, according to researchers. Despite the fact that this is natural behaviour, it’s still a good idea to keep an eye on your cat.
Sleeping with wide eyes, on the other hand, is rarely a reason for worry.
If you’re reading this, you’ve undoubtedly already seen your cat sleeping with her eyes open throughout the day.
Not all cats can do it, and those that can don’t always do it. It might be startling to find your cat sleeping with her eyes open for the first time.
It appears eerie, and you may begin to suspect that something is wrong with her.
Sleeping with their eyes open might suggest a medical problem in certain rare circumstances. Schedule an appointment with your veterinarian if you find your cat sleeping with her eyes open and twitching.
You might have seen and wondered why cats twitch when sleeping and dreaming.
If you’ve observed anything like this, keep in mind that it might be a symptom that your cat has epilepsy. In these situations, it’s always best to be safe and see your veterinarian.
While this isn’t exceptional, you might be curious as to why cats can sleep with their eyes open. The reasoning may astound you and make you even more enamoured with your cat.
Cats, like humans, have a sleep cycle with various phases. Their eyes are more likely to open while they are in a light slumber.
Even when they are sleeping, their bodies are nonetheless aware of their environment and react to what is going on.
You may also observe their ears twitching and turning toward whatever has piqued their interest. While your house is a secure haven for your cat, his instincts never rest.
Your cat can maintain track of her surroundings and feel more at peace if she sleeps with her eyes open. Most cats will not sleep with their eyes open during the deeper REM (rapid eye movement) sleep cycle (though it is still possible).
Because of an injury, a cat may also sleep with its eyes open. Underneath the other two eyelids, cats have a transparent third eyelid.
Your cat may be unable to shut her eye if this eyelid is injured. When your cat is awake, an eyelid injury is simple to see. If the cat’s eyelid is injured, surgery may be required.
Fortunately, eyelid injury is uncommon, and it’s unlikely that your cat is sleeping with her eyes open.
If your cat is exhibiting any additional symptoms, take her to the doctor for a thorough examination.
Cat Sleeps With Eyes Open: Should You Be Concerned?
No, there’s no need to be concerned because your cat is sleeping with her eyes open in the vast majority of situations.
If she exhibits additional signs such as twitching, seizures, or ocular injuries, you should make an appointment with your veterinarian. They’ll be able to tell you whether your cat has a medical condition.
A cat sleeping with wide eyes is, for the most part, quite natural — though eerie. Your pet is in perfect health.
Cats perform a lot of strange, humorous, and baffling things that we don’t understand. It might be unsettling to see your cat sleeping with its eyes open.
But keep in mind: Cats want to be aware of their environment at all times, thus they may snooze with their eyes open.
As far as cats go, they’re very typical; nothing to get worked up about.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is my old cat sleeping with eyes open?
Nocturnal lagophthalmos is usually caused by a problem with the face’s muscles or nerves. Sleeping with the eyes open can be caused by anything that causes weakening or paralysis in the orbicularis oculi muscle (the muscle that shuts the eyelids).
Why are cats eyes open when they die?
Because muscle control is required to keep a cat’s eyes closed, they prefer to stay open after death. After examining the subjects: After a cat dies, the pupils often seem bigger than usual.
Do cats only sleep when they feel safe?
Cats may sleep for up to 16 hours every day. Because they are at their most vulnerable while resting, your cat’s resting quarters must be safe and secure.
Cats can and do occasionally sleep with their eyes open. It will happen more frequently in certain cats than in others.
Sleeping with their eyes open can occur for a variety of reasons, but it seldom indicates that something is amiss. It’s also something to look out for in elderly cats.
Just keep an eye on your cat for any unusual behaviour or vocalisations of discomfort. If you sense something isn’t quite right, contact a veterinarian as soon as possible. It’s not worth taking the chance.
Drop your questions in the comments section below! | <urn:uuid:11b5a94f-e746-4c6e-9cf9-9aa740b3c4a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://askmycats.com/cat-sleeps-with-eyes-open/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95446 | 2,844 | 3.125 | 3 |
Anxiety is a completely natural, healthy emotional state in a variety of situations. In fact, anxiety can keep you safe. Feeling anxious is the mind’s way of warning us that something in our environment is dangerous, potentially harmful, or could negatively impact our lives. Feeling mild anxiety when driving in traffic can help you stay alert to prevent an accident. Experiencing anxiety before a business presentation or test can motivate you to do your best. Unfortunately, some people experience disordered levels of anxiety that can start having a negative impact on their ability to complete daily tasks. When this happens, it may be time to consider anxiety counseling in Albuquerque, NM with the Talking Circles Therapy & Wellness team.
Is it Anxiety, or am I Just Worried?
This is a valid question, and many people say they didn’t visit us for anxiety counseling before because they just weren’t sure they really had a problem. A little extra stress or worry – is that really a problem? Isn’t everyone stressed? Maybe, but you don’t have to accept the effects of anxiety as “normal.” Therapy sessions with our team can help. Still not sure you’re really dealing with anxiety? Consider whether or not the following experiences sound familiar:
- Frequently experiencing racing thoughts, nervousness, and/or restlessness
- Fearing the worst or experiencing a sense of doom regularly
- An inability to stop worrying, quiet ruminating thoughts, or stop thinking of the same negative scenario over and over again
- Experiencing physical symptoms, such as racing heartbeat, rapid breathing, stomach issues due to nervousness, or pain from chronic tension
- Sleep issues because the thoughts won’t stop
Why Should I Consider Anxiety Therapy?
These are just a few symptoms of anxiety that may be causing acute or chronic distress in your life. Many times, avoidance of emotions can become the go-to response, and this may initially work, however avoidance often backfires and usually ends up feeding the anxiety. This is where counseling comes in! Through commitment and collaboration with your therapist you can learn to manage these intrusive thoughts and physical symptoms. There are many proven techniques our therapists will teach you; giving you the needed skills to effectively manage, reduce or eliminate anxiety all together. Getting the support of a therapist can be a game changer. Take that first step to feeling better and contact us to schedule an appointment.
Get Started Today
Take that first step and contact us to schedule an appointment for counseling in Albuquerque by calling (505) 261-9770 or visit our contact page. There is never an obligation, and if we are not a good match, the Talking Circles Therapy & Wellness team is happy to provide you with a referral. | <urn:uuid:fa1f7d08-21af-445b-a440-1ce25072696f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://talkingcirclestherapy.com/anxiety-counseling/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.931387 | 567 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) is among the most common conditions we see in our patients at Eye Specialists of Mid Florida. The American Academy of Ophthalmology estimates that approximately 5 million Americans are affected by dry eyes. Prevalence increases with age, and women tend to be more susceptible, likely due to hormonal changes throughout life. Although most dry eye is mild, it can become a serious issue that dramatically impacts vision, comfort, and quality of life.
Understanding dry eye and what causes it requires a bit of understanding about the structure of the eye and the film of tears that covers it. The tear film consists of three layers:
- A lipid (oily) layer covers the outside of the tear film, creating a lubricating, smooth surface and slowing down the evaporation of the tears. This is produced by a network of glands in the eyelids called Meibomian glands.
- An aqueous (watery) layer is the middle of the tear film, which cleans the surface of the eye and washes away any foreign debris. This is produced by the lacrimal glands of the eyelids.
- A mucus layer is the innermost part of the tear film and helps to ensure that the rest of the tears adhere properly and are evenly spread out over the surface of the eye. Certain cells within the cornea secrete this mucus.
A problem with any of these layers will result in poor tear function and dry eye syndrome. The two most common types stem from deficiencies in the aqueous layer and the lipid layer. Aqueous deficient dry eye arises from decreased lacrimal gland activity, and lipid deficient dry eye, called Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), arises from either decreased oil production or a blockage of the Meibomian ducts that carry the oils to the surface of the eye. Both cases lead to a poor quality tear film that cannot perform the basic functions of keeping the eye smooth, clean, and lubricated. This results in symptoms of scratchiness, grittiness, burning, stinging, redness, foreign body sensation, and light sensitivity. Long term the friction of the lid rubbing on the eye can lead to inflammation, corneal abrasions or erosions, scarring, and potentially vision loss.
Proper diagnosis of dry eye syndrome requires careful examination to rule out other, often similar feeling eye conditions such as allergic conjunctivitis or infection. Your doctor may perform different tests to determine the amount of tears you produce and their quality. This is vitally important, as there is no one-size-fits-all treatment approach to dry eye. Aqueous dry eye is managed differently than Meibomian gland dysfunction. Some types of treatment aim to restore normal production volume while others focus on ensuring proper flow and balance of oil to aqueous in the tears. While there is currently no cure for dry eye syndrome, it can be successfully managed with the right treatment. The doctors at Eye Specialists of Mid-Florida are here to help with your dry eye issues. Visit their website www.eyesfl.com or call 800-282-3937 to schedule your next eye exam. #2020YourVisionOurFocus
Bio: Daniel Smith, O.D. is an optometrist that practices at Eye Specialists of Mid-Florida at their Clermont location. | <urn:uuid:31b966ef-5518-4ed2-a396-76bfd364abba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://centralfloridahealthnews.com/what-is-dry-eye-syndrome/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.92933 | 690 | 3.390625 | 3 |
The lottery is a game of chance, in which you pick numbers and wait to see if they match the ones drawn. This is a fun and easy way to win life-changing amounts of money, such as the jackpot. Lottery jackpots vary in size, but a large jackpot doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll win it! Generally, people want a big jackpot, but a small one may be just right for you, too.
Legalization of online gaming has not reached online lotteries, but the legal landscape does favor additional states to offer online lottery ticket sales. This is a natural development given the budgetary pressures faced by legislatures across the nation. The online lottery market is growing faster than online casinos, and is the most direct way for states to benefit from expanded gaming. There are currently six states that allow online lottery sales, and many others are considering it. In many ways, the lottery industry is becoming more popular than online casinos, but the legalization of online gambling is still a long way off.
You should know that lottery websites are not different from land-based distribution points. Tickets sold online are sold at the same price as those purchased in physical stores. Purchasing a lottery ticket online is a similar experience to buying a lottery ticket from a physical location, but the process is different. Each official lottery distributor can do things their way, and many online lottery sites don’t require a physical address to buy tickets. Whether you purchase a lottery subscription for a single game or an entire year, you’ll be participating in the same game. | <urn:uuid:25c10dc6-c136-4d40-9bc3-903f56c91cfd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hmgproperties.com/how-to-play-the-lottery-online-10/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.960693 | 322 | 1.851563 | 2 |
I’m amazed that Cecil Roberts actually found time to write. As well as having a wife, he had affairs with the Duke of Kent (the Queen’s uncle), tennis player Gottfried von Cramm, Laurence Olivier and Somerset Maugham. Anyway, in between chasing after, or being chased by, famous blokes, he was a journalist, and also wrote several books. They included this one, published in 1937, about a number of very different passengers on the 4:30pm train from London Victoria, the boat train which travelled through France and Switzerland to Austria, and then connected with the Arlberg-Orient Express and went on to Hungary, Romania and Greece. You’d think that a journalist would have known that a) Salzburg was not in Tyrol and b) Russians had patronymics rather than middle names, but apparently not. But, despite that, it’s really very entertaining.
It’s a strange mixture. We’ve got a Ruritanian prince, but we’ve also got very harsh reality with a German actor who’s being persecuted by the Nazis because of his Jewish connections, and a number of passengers who lost loved ones in the First World War. And, perhaps more in the spirit of the 1920s than the 1930s, we’ve got the romantic ideal of leaving the world behind and going off to live amongst “simple peasants” in little villages. One lady has left London to become a nun in Transylvania. As you do. And one man is on the hunt for his errant nephew, who’s dropped out of his studies and is eventually found shacked up with a hunky cowherd in Alpine Austria. It should be noted that the cowherd is actually from a well-to-do middle-class family, as otherwise they’d have had no money, and that would obviously never have done. Oh, and there’s a bit of Orientalism as well – it turns out that a Turkish man with a French wife has a mini-harem hidden away in Istanbul.
It really is a very good read. I know I’ve just been a bit sarcastic, but most of the stories are genuinely moving and serious, with the shadows of the First World War and the Russian Revolution, and the menace of Nazism, hanging over many of the characters. It’s generally very well-written, and, as someone who much prefers lakes and mountains to beaches and swimming pools, I love the fact that the dream holiday destinations of the day are Tyrol and Ticino.
Obviously, this only applied to people with a lot of time and a lot of money: the comments about “everyone” heading off to the Alps in August are countered by a young porter who can only dream of taking his future wife on honeymoon to Lugano. But, if you did have the time and money, how lovely to travel on this luxury train … and to wonder about all the other passengers. Oh, and most of them are travelling alone. Even better.
So, who have we got? A young couple going for a Tyrolean honeymoon before taking up a posting in Burma. An author who’s lost the plot and is looking for a new one, and finds inspiration from a woman with a complicated story about her husband being thrown in prison. A single man who’s somehow ended up as a cash cow for his married siblings and their children, and has decided to leave them all behind and go and see the Pyramids – good for you, mate! The man looking for his nephew. The French-based Turkish man with the various wives.
Then there’s the elderly lady who’s a nun in Romania: this is a very moving story, because she’s come home to London to consult a doctor, who’s told her that she’s dying, and she knows she’ll never see her children, grandchildren or home city again. And a very dignified man who was once a senior officer in the Tsarist army, but, following the Russian Revolution, now works as a tour guide driving rich American ladies round Austria.
It’s all very bitty. I thought that, as with Love Actually, it would turn out that everyone was somehow connected, but they aren’t. And, given that they’re all from very different backgrounds, it wouldn’t make much sense if they were. There’s one chapter about each of them, and then we see them all briefly when they reach their destinations. Some of the stories are very sad. The German actor with the Jewish connections tries to gas himself. A Greek waiter who’s been working in London arrives back in Athens to find that his sweetheart’s been hit by a car and will never walk again.
And then there’s the Swiss maid who’s been working in France and has been seduced by her mistress’s nephew, who was then killed in an accident (keep up!) and gives birth to an illegitimate child, with the elderly nun acting as midwife. The baby is adopted by a widowed conductor who’s involved with the Salzburg Festival and decides that he’d like to have a child. The poor maid doesn’t have much choice other than to give the baby up.
Last but not least, there’s young Prince Paul of Slavonia, who’s been at school in England but is having to return home because he’s now King Paul of Slavonia, his father having been assassinated. If this is 1937 and he’s in his early teens, could he be the father of Leopold, Fazia and co in the Sadlers Wells books? Principal Role was published in 1957, and Leopold must be at least 20 then … er, no, that doesn’t work. Must be a different Slavonia! Bizarrely, this Slavonia – and bear in mind that there is a real place called Slavonia, in Croatia – is actually set in a real part of the Balkans, in Serbia, with its capital at Nis. That’s totally mad. Having a Ruritanian prince in the middle of all the reality is also totally mad, but the story of the grieving, frightened young boy is very touchingly told.
There are a lot of different characters and different stories, and so it’s very bitty and there’s no proper ending. There are that many characters that, by the time I’d got to the end of the first bit, I’d have been struggling to make a list of them. But, if you can handle the fact that the book’s episodic and there’s no story running right through it, this is well worth reading.
I was about to say “Oh, what wouldn’t I give to head off on a train to Tyrol or Ticino?”, but the answer is probably actually not much, because Austria’s in lockdown and, with trains not running between Switzerland and Italy due to virus issues, it’s probably a bit manic at stations in Ticino at the moment. But we can dream … | <urn:uuid:fb9049fb-92cd-4b23-bfb0-303ece856d95> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://setinthepast.wordpress.com/2020/12/09/victoria-four-thirty-by-cecil-roberts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.978169 | 1,529 | 1.617188 | 2 |
After The departure of the beloved one, the principal task will be to manage the ashes left behind besides memories that are memorable. There are many ways which people are utilizing the ashes.Some people believe in choosing a trip or else emerging the ashes into the sea. They believe that the soul will always be with their nearest ones as it flows with all the river.There are many thoughtful ways for example planting it into the trees; yet nonetheless, it is beneficial. It is likewise an exceptional way for folks to consider their loved ones since there’s nearly a tangible presence in the shrub.
Encourages The ash in the form of diamonds
New Techniques which people are applying to keep the deceased person attached to their body is by turning human ashes into diamonds. This is one of the most useful techniques as it really is similar to a slice of memorable jewellery that people are always able to wear to consider their nearest and dearest for ever. The internet sites try so whole process, and you have to order it online. The prices may also be quite reasonable, plus they require tremendous attention of the ashes when turning them to diamonds. It’s similar to a symbol which may always be close to one’s center of individuals. These diamonds are extremely amazing to look at and also hold profound sentimental price.
People Use the ashes by mixing them with the tattoo ink and then imbibing them into their bodies.
Ashes Will be the very last remains of those dear and near ones, profoundly mounted on people’s emotions. Death is almost always a tricky scenario to cope with in someone’s lifetime, but the only solution is to try and joyfully lead your entire life with the memories of the deceased one. | <urn:uuid:0d348b7a-9e12-499e-bcaa-b3b9cbf74202> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://arbucklegolfclub.org/2021/05/11/convert-human-ashes-into-diamonds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.97106 | 352 | 1.765625 | 2 |
LAS VEGAS (KLAS)— October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month and it is estimated one in eight women will get that dreaded diagnosis.
Three doctors — oncologists — surgeons who had breast cancer. The roles were reversed, they got to see what it was like to be a patient, and they learned a few things in finding the right cancer team for them.
“I call myself a dual citizen – a doctor and a patient,” Dr. Weiss said.
Breastcancer.org founder and chief medical officer Marissa Weiss shares observations with other physicians on their breast cancer journey.
“I learned the doctor-patient relationship is so sacred, you are really trusting someone to protect and cherish your life and your life is your greatest gift,” Dr. Weiss added.
Each expert recommends meeting with a few doctors if you can. Ask for referrals. Read reviews. And come prepared upon that initial meeting.
“Someone who has the expertise the judgment the knowledge the experience you need in order to get the best care possible. The best care possible means the greatest benefits and the least side effects,” Dr. Weiss added.
A doctor who listens to the patient. Hears the patient. Takes the patient seriously. And will help get the patient back to the person they were before the diagnosis.
“The only way that I was going to get the care that I needed was to advocate for myself to find my voice to speak up,” Dr Weiss added
Although it’s a club none of them wanted to be in — they came out the other side — with a better understanding of what it’s like to be a patient and a survivor. | <urn:uuid:31349140-5168-4c4c-80f6-fe8e2861ce4b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.8newsnow.com/news/local-news/buddy-check-finding-the-right-fit-to-help-battle-breast-cancer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.964434 | 351 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Meat eaters should go cold turkey
Britain's ongoing mad cow and hoof-and-mouth debacles should give pause to those who remain committed to a meat-centered diet. Certainly both hoof-and-mouth and mad cow disease are not part of a program of divine retribution meant to even the score between humans and the billions of animals we abuse in the process of rearing them for slaughter. These maladies are just the most recent, and certainly not even the most compelling, reasons to eliminate meat from one's diet.
Imagine that the black sheep in your family is a heroin addict. He could seek treatment and try to quit, dealing with his addiction in a difficult yet sensible way. Or he could continue shooting up and hope that doctors and government agencies would develop a treatment that might allow him to do so without suffering the consequences.
On a similar note, last week the United States moved to block the import of all livestock and fresh meat of European origin. In the short run, the blockade makes sense. In the long run, and in the context of a nation that slaughters nearly 10 billion animals a year for food, the trade barrier will merely make meat-eating in the United States slightly less of a public health disaster.
In the recent flurry of dire hoof-and-mouth headlines, it would be easy to lose sight of the herd for the cows. Hoof-and-mouth disease poses a threat to animals but virtually no threat to human health. And while the suffering and deaths of mad cow disease victims should not be downplayed, it is important to remember the broader public health context. To date, fewer than 90 people have died as a result of the human variant of mad cow disease. Meanwhile, millions suffer and die every year from heart disease, cancer and complications arising from obesity and hypertension -- all conditions aggravated by eating meat and other high-fat foods.
According to Neal D. Barnard, president of the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, "Every day, 4,000 people in the U.S. suffer a heart attack -- many of them fatal. Most of those people could be saved if they followed this simple prescription: a low-fat, vegetarian diet. Weaker diet changes, such as the chicken and fish diets some doctors have recommended, do not go far enough."
Have we grown comfortable with diet-related chronic and fatal diseases? The hullabaloo generated by Britain and the rest of Europe's livestock problems highlights an ironic, myopic fixation.
These new livestock woes add emphasis and urgency to long-standing public health concerns surrounding the practice of raising animals for human consumption. Switching to a plant-based diet is a simple alternative to an unhealthy and wasteful reliance on animals for subsistence. Given what is known about the deleterious health effects of meat consumption, we should kick the habit cold turkey.
Peter Brandt is a Seattle-based writer. Samuel Jacobs, an associate professor at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School in New Jersey, is a member of the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. | <urn:uuid:a99eac22-e45a-496f-94b2-df848a7f179d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theledger.com/story/news/2001/03/24/meat-eaters-should-go-cold-turkey/26720420007/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949107 | 620 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Dalgety Bay may become the first area in the UK to be designated contaminated land after further radioactive contamination was discovered.
Campaigners have revealed that more radioactive contamination has been discovered buried at a nearby wood.
The latest contamination follows demands by the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) that the MoD clean up the area. It comes on top of significant discoveries of radioactive material found on the beach last year.
The contamination is thought to be the result of an old wartime base used to store world war 2 aircraft.
Former Labour Prime Minister Gordon Brown, who has only recently joined calls for the MoD to clean up the area, has come in for criticism following revelations that he did nothing when in power.
A report compiled when he was PM revealed that MoD scientists had refused to handle the material for fears it could lead to cancer.
SEPA has given the MoD until the 31st of March in order to clean up the area. If the MoD fails to do so then SEPA has indicated it will designate the land contaminated. | <urn:uuid:a04bd6b5-3aed-477a-a1aa-ad58cfc7ee50> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newsnet.scot/archive/more-radioactive-contamination-discovered-at-dalgety-bay/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965972 | 215 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, Nov.13
By Huseyn Hasanov- Trend: The meeting of the joint Turkmen-Uzbek commission for trade and economic, scientific and technical and cultural cooperation took place in Ashgabat, with the participation of the sectorial ministries and agencies of the two countries, a message from the Turkmenistan government said.
According to the message, the Uzbek delegation at the meeting was headed by the country's Minister of Foreign Economic Relations, Investments and Trade Elyor Ganiyev.
'Special attention is being paid to the issues of practical implementation of the project for formation of a transport-transit corridor between Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Oman and Qatar. The main link in this project will be Turkmenistan which seeks to provide new access to world markets and to contribute to the increase of international transit cargo flow', the message said.
Turkmenistan and Iran with the participation of Kazakhstan have already begun the implementation of the trilateral project for creation of a new North-South rail corridor. On the recreated transport and trade system, road cargo will be transferred to the Gulf countries, Indian Ocean, Europe and other regions without delay.
According to preliminary estimates, the annual volume of own and transit cargo transportation will be 10-12 million tons.
The agreement on the establishment of an international transport and transit corridor between the governments of Iran, Oman, Qatar, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan was signed in Ashgabat on April 25, 2011 at the level of the foreign ministers of these countries.
The new corridor will allow the Central Asian countries to be connected with the ports of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman on the optimal route in the long term prospect.
Observers said that Russia and China can also get the access to the new markets. It may give great economic benefit to the trans-regional project.
Member countries interested in cooperation think the initiative was timely. It will contribute to the further progress and prosperity of each country in the region by expanding the volume of general trade and reducing costs for the transit of goods.
It is necessary to explore the prospects for cooperation in the field of customs, freight traffic by road, rail and sea transport and joint investments at an expert level. The project is particularly important for Uzbekistan, having no direct route to the sea.
It was previously reported that Turkmen President Gurbanguli Berdimuhamedov is expected to pay an official visit to Uzbekistan in November 2013. | <urn:uuid:1966ee4e-3392-4332-8ef3-7927f3d8f36b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.trend.az/business/economy/2211646.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.932095 | 515 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Albert Ellis Biography
Albert Ellis introduced a new approach to the field of psychology in the 1950s called rational emotive behavior therapy, a treatment that stressed short-term counseling and immediate action on the part of the patient. His ideas differed sharply from the prevailing treatment of the time, which was still largely Freudian-based, and held that extended exploration and analysis of childhood experiences would lead patients to an understanding of their problems. Ellis dismissed those theories as a waste of time, deciding that patients should confront the irrational thoughts that led to self-destructive behaviors, and then follow up with action.
A controversial figure, Ellis was disliked and derided by many of his peers, but his influence continued to grow. He opened his own practice in 1950, specializing in sex and marriage therapy, and founded the Manhattan Institute in 1959. He also led Friday night group seminars for gatherings of 100 or more at the Institute for many years, and was known for his humorous, provocative delivery.
Ellis is credited with helping to provide the basis for cognitive behavior therapy, a form of treatment that has been shown to be at least as effective as medication for many people in dealing with anxiety, depression, and other conditions. His confrontational, pragmatic style has been hugely influential in modern psychology and in American culture. (Dr. Phil's approach, for example, owes much to Albert Ellis.)
Ellis remained very active until his death at 93 from kidney and heart failure. | <urn:uuid:10150d6c-b99d-4fc9-a28d-fa2319393e37> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.infoplease.com/biographies/science-technology/albert-ellis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.980803 | 294 | 3.109375 | 3 |
75th anniversary: Fleming Showcase Archive Exhibition
About the exhibition
In designing the programme for our 75th anniversary in 2020, we undertook research of the Microbiology Society’s early history at the Wellcome Collection in London, where the archives for the Society for General Microbiology (our original name) are held. From this research, we were lucky enough to uncover several items including letters and photographs that provide a unique insight and visual guide to the founding days of the Society. The aim of the founding members, which included Sir Alexander Fleming FRS and Marjory Stephenson FRS, was to bring together scientists working in different areas of microbiology to form a Society that would offer the benefits of interdisciplinary discussion and provide microbiologists with a common meeting ground. 75 years later, this aim remains central to our purpose.
In producing this small exhibition, we have collaborated with Public Health England’s (PHE) National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC) team, who kindly re-produced items relating to the work of Sir Alexander Fleming from their own archives. One of the founding members of the Society, Ralph St John- Brooks, was also the first curator of the National Collection of Type Cultures from 1920 until 1946.
Public Health England's National Collection of Type Cultures
The National Collection of Type Cultures itself is a repository and provider of a diverse range of authentic bacterial pathogens, medically relevant bacterial strains and bacteriophage. Established in 1920, NCTC is currently celebrating its centenary. Like the Microbiology Society, supporting a diverse scientific community of microbiologists and their collaborators remains central to its remit.
The value of such a collection to microbiologists is well illustrated by Fleming’s use of it throughout his career; from acquiring strains to test and characterise the then newly discovered lysozyme in the 1920s, to depositing strains of contemporary biomedical interest such as NCTC 6571 (“The Oxford Staphylococcus”) which was used by Fleming during the penicillin trials of the 1940s. Through these strains’ use in research and their maintenance in the NCTC, the legacy and work of microbiologists past and present, including Sir Alexander Fleming, is preserved; and presented here today.
We hope you enjoy this exhibition, alongside our Fleming Showcase which is dedicated to the legacy of Fleming Prize winners and aims to demonstrate the impact of both established and up-and-coming scientists in addressing important global challenges.
Browse through images sourced from the Wellcome Collection's Society for General Microbiology archives.
Browse through the National Collection of Type Cultures archives.
Image credits:Wellcome Collection Society for General Microbiology Archives
Public Health England Archives
National Culture of Type Cultures | <urn:uuid:f6f38a72-52d4-4a09-930f-b15252338fa8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://microbiologysociety.org/our-work/75th-anniversary-fleming-archive-exhibition.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.93477 | 568 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Rwanda’s youth seek to heal genocide wounds
01 May 2021 | 7:39 am
In 1994, Rwanda's ethnic Hutus massacred an estimated one million Tutsis. The country's younger generation is seeking to heal old divisions between the two ethnic groups, but this comes with its own set of challenges.
A former Guatemalan dictator has been found guilty of genocide and sentenced to 80 years in prison. The charges stem from the bloodiest period of the country's 36-year civil war.
Myanmar's treatment of its Rohingya Muslim population is set to be formally determined as a genocide by Washington. This is expected to boost international pressure on the country's military-led government.
British Premier Boris Johnson has announced a proposal to send unauthorized migrants to Rwanda for processing. The African country has in the past been slammed for a range of human rights violations.
Rwanda has struck a £120 million deal with the UK to take in asylum seekers that arrive in Britain illegally. Tens of thousands of people could be resettled under the agreement over the years. Refugee groups have slammed the move as unethical and expensive. Human Rights Watch tells us the move is cynical and unsafe.
UK plan to fly asylum-seekers to Rwanda draws outrage Britain announced a deal with Rwanda on Thursday to send asylum-seekers thousands of miles to the East African country, which it said would deter people-smugglers, but has been called inhumane.
In an interview with FRANCE 24, Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba urged France and President Emmanuel Macron to call atrocities committed by Russian forces in Ukraine a "genocide”. Macron earlier this week refused to use the term, a decision that Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky called "painful".
Kigali is hitting back at critics, justifying the controversial deal to relocate asylum seekers in Britain to Rwanda. Human rights groups and the United Nations have slammed the agreement as "unethical."
Africa's demographic growth is having a considerable impact on the continent's capital cities. Kigali, for example, is set to double its population by 2050. In one of the most densely populated areas in the world, authorities are trying to organise this growth in terms of urban planning and economics. Rwanda, which holds great ambitions on the continent, has plans to turn Kigali into Africa’s major international hub of business and finance.
A Rwandan government official has said the first 50 asylum seekers, sent from the UK under a controversial scheme, could arrive by the end of the May.
Rwanda has said the Congolese military shelled Musanze district in the north of the country, wounding several civilians.
Clashes between the Congolese armed forces and the M23 militia group have sent thousands of people over the border to Rwanda seeking shelter. Meanwhile, the UK and Rwanda are to settle 50 undocumented migrants who arrived on British shores in the Rwandan capital Kigali; we take a closer look. And Zimbabwe wants to sidestep international conventions to sell its $600 million stockpile in black market ivory – not without controversy.
2 hours ago
Official results have yet to be announced, but the two leading candidates are running neck and neck in results tallied by local media. Disappointingly, Tuesday's election witnessed a low voter turnout compared with 2017.
3 hours ago
A deadly fire at Cuba's main oil terminal Matanzas is still burning days after one of its gas tanks was struck by lightning. Mexico and Venezuela have deployed teams to help contain the blaze.
4 hours ago
Footage circulating on social media shows black smoke rising in the area of a Russian military air base in Crimea. Meanwhile, Russian oil transit has been reportedly halted to three EU countries.
4 hours ago
Serena Williams delivered an impressive physical performance in challenging conditions to return to winning ways at the Toronto Open on Monday and then said she can see the light at the end of the tennis tunnel in her career. Williams was forced to dig deep during her 6-3 6-4 first-round victory over Spain's Nuria Parrizas Diaz that saw the two women exchange blasts from the baseline in sweltering conditions on a hot and humid centre court.
5 hours ago
The leaders of Estonia and Finland have called for European nations to stop issuing tourist visas to Russians. Both nations are being used as a route for Russian tourists seeking to skirt an EU ban on air travel.
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Stacks of hairy yams line a market in Ibadan, Nigeria, where traders haggle over quality and price before loading them into cars for the last mile to consumers. Nearby, a man navigates heavy traffic with a hand cart piled high with the tubers. Yams - pounded into paste, ground into flour, boiled or fried – provide sustenance and livelihoods across West Africa. | <urn:uuid:97d094b4-ba0d-40cb-a41b-493febcd3851> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tv.guardian.ng/news/african-news/rwandas-youth-seek-to-heal-genocide-wounds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.946115 | 1,039 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Introduced by Granular, a software and data science tools for growers in April 2015, AcreValue is an interactive map of land prices across the US. It is used by farmers, landowners, investors, bankers, brokers, and industry professionals to analyze the value and productive capacity of farmland and to research and transact more efficiently.
AcreValue Land Prices
AcreValue analyzes terabytes of data about soils, climate, crop rotations, taxes, interest rates, and corn prices to calculate the estimated value of an individual field. Designed to evaluate available farmland and for our purposes is useful for learning about rural land and how people talk about it.
As with all such tools, AcreValue is educational. The listings are unlikely to list all land for sale and some may be already sold. But it is a good tool for learning how people talk about land (vocabulary again). It provides a realistic measure of how land is sold and what may be available for how much where. And very useful, you can compare one state or region with another.
It is particularly helpful to have prices listed so you begin to look at money realistically.
However, commercial developers inform me that many pieces of land are not announced to the public. Local networks of professionals carry information to business realtors, architects, developers, etc. In the end, you will have to connect locally for a real land search. | <urn:uuid:9468297f-3eed-4626-b2ff-11a8c0de4a59> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://passtheolives.com/glossary/acrevalue-land-prices/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.940934 | 284 | 2.546875 | 3 |
There's no doubting it; captchas are ultimately hackable and as such are not much of a defense against the determined. The spammer's workaround scenario (which is in practice as we speak) goes like so:
- An unscrupulous spammer finds a board or guestbook (the victim) that has been protected by a captcha.
- He trains a spambot to the victim's form.
- Somewhere on another site (the bait, also run by the spammer), some user (an unknowing agent) manually clicks for a form to post something to that site.
- The bait site calls the spambot which grabs a form from the victim site, fills it with spam, pulls the URL of the captcha image served with the victim form, and feeds that captcha URL in the bait's form.
- The unknowing agent fills the bait form, decodes the captcha (which appears to come from the bait site), and submits.
- The bait site passes the captcha code to the spambot and then goes about its business.
- The spambot then adds the final captcha piece to the puzzle and submits the spam-filled form to the victim site
You folks are correct to say it is an arms race. There are several tacts one could take to forego any nefariousness, but rest assured that if the stakes are high enough the forgoing will be foregone.
Never take your eye off the smart bully.
(Ph) Phaysis (Shawn)
If idle hands are the tools of the devil, are idol tools the hands of god?
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Anger Management Issues Mindfulness approaches - French Language
Mindfulness approaches, Sex Therapy
Mindfulness approaches help clients to be focused in the here and now. Generally rooted in Eastern meditative techniques, Mindfulness approaches offer a non-judgmental alternative therapy for dealing with stress and other psychological issues.
By observing worrisome thoughts and learning to accept situations for what they are, people can learn to cope with issues better and make more productive choices.
Mindfulness approaches include a range of models, including dialectical behaviour therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. These approaches can be used in a wide range of settings to reduce the symptoms of a broad spectrum of psychological issues. These therapies can be practiced effectively in individual or group therapy.
If you are looking for a therapist who offers Mindfulness approaches, please browse our list of practitioners below..
Sex Therapy addresses an important aspect of life and committed relationships. Issues that are directly and indirectly related to sexuality can be addressed through Sex Therapy.
Sessions will involve talking about sex and related difficulties that bring people to a therapist, or that come up during the course of counselling.
Many issues can be addressed during Sex Therapy, including sexual addiction, lack of libido, sexual anxiety, gender issues, undesirable impulses and compulsions, body image issues, promiscuity, loneliness, and relationship issues. Therapists see people who are in recovery from sexual assault or sexual abuse all the time, and offer a safe and secure relationship in which to heal. Couples who have imbalanced or conflicting sexual desires can use Sex Therapy as a tool to find common ground or to learn coping mechanisms.
If you are looking for a therapist who offers Sex Therapy, please browse our list of practitioners below.. | <urn:uuid:f53dd85d-5144-4a4f-ad18-ec2983da6bd0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://counsellingbc.com/counsellors/approach/mindfulness-approaches-227/approach/sex-therapy-248/language/french-51/practice/anger-management-issues-98?postalcode= | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.933513 | 357 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Hair care is usually a basic term for common appearance and hygiene in regards to curly hair that thrives about the go, into a certain scope, and also to some degree, your hair that expands around the non-top of your head locks. Hair care practices can vary according to the bodily and ethnic attributes of a person’s frizzy hair as well as in line with one’s own personal way of life. This papers will briefly discuss your hair attention practices which can be common to the majority of ethnicities on the globe, although these procedures may differ from lifestyle to lifestyle.
For hair care methods to get relevant to a particular group of people, they have to comply with normal norms of finegood hygiene and well being, and correct head of hair kinds. A good hair care regimen entails many basic steps. Examples include (but they are not restricted to) showering and using a bathroom, scrubbing one’s head of hair two times a day using a light hair comb, flossing one’s pearly whites one or more times each day, putting on skin-care solutions, laundry one’s experience which has a moderate shampoo and putting on moisturizer, removing one’s makeup, implementing moisturizers in the middle levels of one’s pores and skin, not only that exfoliating the hair and washing the frizzy hair to remove any old skin debris. A good hair care schedule can be produced a lot more helpful by which includes some exercises for instance playing with or rolling the hair though cleansing it.
One more part in a good hair care regimen is to try using good hair care products and solutions. A nicely-thorough schedule will include cleansers for greasy hair, moisturizing masques, masks, toners and skin lotions depart-on treatment options, and styling gels. Cleansers useful for greasy curly hair, particularly if made use of every morning, should incorporate salicylic acid solution to lessen gas construct-up. Face masks must be employed right before style to stop build up-up and aggravation.
When styling, you may want to try using an in-depth cleansing face mask as part of your regimen. A deep cleanup cover up will take off excess normal water through your curly hair and pores and skin and definately will give your hair a smooth and bright visual appearance. You may want to also try out a make-on conditioner. For the best benefits, find one that is made of all-natural components and contains no sulfates. You might also consider a moisturizing lotion right after your treatment method to bring back natural dampness amounts in the hair and skin.
After your conditioner has become utilized, you might want to use a design support just like mousse to find the highest carry and pick up through your curly hair. Design supports are often creme-structured and provides hair the slip it must get those past few divided concludes from its curly hair and on top of the surface. Once your mousse has actually been used, you are able to end your styling by using a straightening balm to provide your strands extra body system and stand out. This balm is commonly made use of prior to when the style support is used towards the balms will keep to the finishes of the strands.
Head of hair face masks are a different way to eliminate frizzy your hair and provide rear sound level. There are numerous curly hair masks on the market today, but not every one of them work nicely for every single form of your hair. If you suffer from dryness, then you might use a wetness cover up. A mask will prove to add humidity back in your curly hair and command the amount of split ends your own hair encounters. These masks could be used 1-2 times per month.
Healthy protein therapies are a very good way to fight frizzy and dried up hair. A health proteins solution should be carried out once every 7 days to supply hair the nutrition it needs. This moisturizes your own hair, helps to keep divided stops from taking place, and provide the rebound you are entitled to. There are numerous protein treatments that you can buy, so it’s easy to find the one which can be useful for hair kind. Healthy protein therapies will even give your own hair the glow and volume it wants.
As there is no miracle cream or shampoo which will cure your frizzy curly hair, these very simple recommendations can help you keep your locks smooth and healthy and balanced. Working with conditioner frequently, employing curly hair face masks to hydrate, and taking advantage of temperature protection treatments as required will provide you with nutritious, glistening hair. Your own hair may possibly gleam underneath a sizzling hot bikini!
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Great tips relevant to the subjects in this posting, you will like: | <urn:uuid:2597c80a-bc3a-4d15-a557-11f4ec537574> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://iolhost.com/taking-care-of-your-frizzy-curly-hair/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948572 | 1,027 | 2.1875 | 2 |
A major body of building surveyors warned that house prices in Britain could fall in 2008. The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (Rics) say they may fall to an extent not seen since the 1990s.
Some factors for the price falls are interest rate rises (which affect how much homeowners pay each month) and the fact that many banks have imposed stricter lending policies.
House price falls mean that the new batch of homes put up for sale will be cheaper to buy. House prices in Britain, particularly in the South East, are unrealistically high, due to the fact that the number of properties being built each year has fallen in real terms (it’s in line with government policy). The demand for new homes has never been greater, but the supply has never kept up.
There needs to be a major campaign to increase the number of new homes built each year in order to tackle the real crisis. Surely a home for most people should be a place to live, not a virtual cash cow. | <urn:uuid:ae671e53-9469-419f-9efb-60d1a0a351d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://armchairnews.co.uk/2008/01/16/house-prices-fall-thats-the-good-news/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.958228 | 211 | 2.5625 | 3 |
“Who is the head of family?” I asked a boy from Chikiti Block of Odisha. His response was the same as my earlier experiences of Tehri Garhwal, Uttrakhand.
“The father or the male member is the head of the family,” he replied. The same answer was replicated by many other individuals in my field. When I asked why the father is the head of the family, they concluded that the father is the earning member and thus runs the family. However, upon talking about the family structure and their daily lives, their conclusions about the head of the family seemed juxtaposed for me. It included women’s work more than the work of the male members – and here I am not only talking about the domestic work, but the work in fields as well.
If work actually matters to make a person the head of the family, then according to the labor a woman completes over her lifetime, no other member can defeat this. But it’s not about the work. It’s about the socialization and psyche of the person and the society which have this implanted notion that only a man can be the head or have the power to lead others. And till 2016, it was legally accepted that a woman can’t be the head of the family. Till the time a case was registered and the female won and amendment happened in the law, in which a news of Times of India concludes now “women are eligible to become the legal head of a family, a position hitherto reserved only for the eldest male.” Despite this legal landmark, however, I doubt the active implementation and awareness about the same to the majority of Indians.
I am working as an AIF Fellow in Chikiti block, Odisha. Here if you go around the area, you will definitely find either all females or majority females in the fields. Especially in the month of transplantation and cutting, the landowners need more laborers to get the work done fast. The majority of the laborers are women as per my experience. According to one analysis, women form 32% of the workforce that prepares the land for cultivation, 76% of those sowing seeds, 90% of people engaged in transplantation 82% of those transporting the crop from field to home, 100 percent of workers processing food, and 69% of those in dairying . So “she” works at home and outside the home still “she” doesn’t get recognition of her work and appreciation is something which is even harder to imagine.
Instead of recognition and appreciation, others generally dismiss her work as chota mota (of minimal value). In a conversation with a male member who works in development sector, I heard this expression. I was surprised by his answer, wondering if I’d heard correctly. I asked him again, questioning his referral of the women’s work as chota mota. I asked him what would happen if women would not work and not take care and do daily toiling in the field after the male migrants had left the field for cities. He remained silent. His silence for me affirmed the acceptance of the structural hierarchies that exist in the social structure. His usage of the expression chota mota reflects on how the work of a woman is looked down upon and valued less within the larger economic arena when it comes to the division of labor between men and women.
The fact is that rural women in Odisha play a significant role in agriculture and allied activities. They actively participate in all ranges of agricultural activities, including pre-harvesting and post-harvesting. The rural women, besides looking after the family and performing all sorts of household activities, very actively remain busy from dawn to dusk in such agricultural operations to supplements their family income. Despite such a huge contribution, her role has not yet been recognized .
Women who have always been considered the second gender, despite their hard work and contributions, are still struggling to be recognized as heads of their families. This hesitation comes even when we know that she can be the head. I always ask this question to every woman I meet: “what do you do?” Almost all of them will respond “nothing.” But when you talk to them further and ask about their daily routines, then they will tell you about the work which is hard to complete in a day, and yet they will feel inferior to others as that’s what they are made to believe about themselves from society.
“She” has been made to think like this because if “she” will recognize her work’s worth, then the power dynamics will take on a different shape and patriarchy would not be able to handle it. It’s hard to question norms and rethink the truths we are growing up with. It’s hard to question your own (self-) beliefs and values, no matter if we are old or young, educated or illiterate. As a woman growing up in a patriarchal structure of society and having studied in a top university, it took me 20 years to even realize what and why all this happens. I still find myself uncovering the layers.
- Sainath, P. “Visible Work, Invisible Women – A Lifetime Bending.” Youth Ki Awaz, July 2015. https://www.google.co.in/amp/s/www.youthkiawaaz.com/2015/07/indian-women-cultivators-labourers-photo-story/amp/
- Das, Lipishree. “Work Participation of Women in Agriculture in Odisha.” IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (20.7): July 2015. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/eca3/7d23cf8323b65b3155bdd5cd62dea969e2d0.pdf | <urn:uuid:714c8a10-ae28-470f-9bf4-aad7d9a98e34> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aif.org/she-the-invisible-bread-earner-part-i/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.97449 | 1,232 | 2.265625 | 2 |
iPrism Web Security and ePrism Messaging Security Solutions provide malware detection and virus protection including defense against dangerous botnets. EdgeWave solutions offer virus and malware protection with both inbound and outbound filtering of Internet and email traffic. iPrism leverages our powerful and unique malware protection technology, to provide continuous outbound protection, while ePrism Email Security provides both inbound and outbound botnet protection with exclusive zero-minute defense and its outbound malware protection technology.
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Among virus and malware protection efforts, bot security can be the most challenging. Bots are autonomous applications that gain access to your network and can stay hidden for weeks. They can invade any OS, including Windows antivirus solution and malware protection used by most companies may not detect them. Once they ‘phone home’ to command and control outside your network, they join together with other computers to form botnets. These hijacked computers are called zombies and most traditional malware protection solutions are ineffective against them. An efficient antivirus solution is the best answer when it comes to botnet protection and malware removal.
Botnets invasions can have serious consequences including:
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At the core of iPrism’s malware protection center, is our exclusive botnet threat technology that prevents bots from ‘phoning home’. Once a bot has been detected and blocked, users are alerted via email and Real-Time Monitor so they can remediate compromised endpoints. iPrism on-box reporting will show compliance with regulations that protect users’ identities and data. You get constant botnet malware protection because the botnet threat index, provides real-time updates to stop new botnet threats. The iPrism threat index has no false-positives and performs without incurring any network latency for the best botnet protection. | <urn:uuid:5d345f97-54ec-427a-9f7d-dcc9006616c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://threatdefender.com/Botnet-Protection.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.891917 | 500 | 1.507813 | 2 |
The attempt to kill the Macondo well in the Gulf of Mexico by pouring heavy mud down the well bore may have been defeated by an instability that led to turbulent mixing of the oil and the mud. The instability, called the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, also is responsible for waves in the ocean and, occasionally, waves in the sky, as shown here.
On May 25, 2010, the online arm of Upstream, a newspaper for the international oil and gas industry, reported that British Petroleum had started top-kill procedures on the Macondo well in the Gulf of Mexico.
“The company said that the operation, which will pump heavy mud down the wellbore in an attempt to gain control of the oil flow and ultimately kill the well, began at 1 pm CST,” Upstream reported.
The article continued: “Earlier BP Chief Tony Hayward gave the top-kill procedure a 60 percent to 70 percent chance of success.”
The oil platform drilling the Macondo well, the Deepwater Horizon, exploded and burned on April 20, 2010. The explosion killed 11 men and injured 17 others. As the world watched in stunned disbelief, the crippled well continued to spew oil for three months, until it was capped July 15. It wasn’t declared “effectively dead,” until early in September.
Physicists watching the situation with interest, were skeptical. One of them, Jonathan Katz, PhD, professor of physics in Arts & Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis, had earlier suggested a simple fix, a change to the mud recipe, that might have altered the odds.
His plan was not adopted and the top kill failed.
After it failed, Katz and colleagues at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ran experiments with a scale model of the oil well to test his idea.
Their analysis, published in the Physical Review Letters, a peer-reviewed scientific journal that focuses on the rapid dissemination of significant, or notable, results, shows that had Katz’s recipe been followed, the top kill might have worked, plugging the gushing well in May instead of two months later.
When the top kill was proposed, Katz was serving on the science panel Secretary of Energy Steven Chu, PhD, had organized to advise the administration of President Barack Obama about the oil well disaster. Katz and Richard Garwin, PhD, an eminent physicist who also was a panelist, discussed the kill plan and realized they had misgivings.
“We were worried that a phenomenon known as a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability would disperse the dense mud into tiny droplets that would be carried out of the well by the leaking crude oil,” Katz says.
A Kelvin-Helmholtz instability can occur whenever two fluids move past one another at different speeds. When wind blows over water, for example, the instability manifests itself in the form of waves that rise gently and then curl into chaotic turbulence.
The two physicists made some calculations that showed the interface between the descending kill mud and the ascending crude oil would be similarly unstable.
Katz then realized that a novel mud might suppress the instability. Something had to be added to the mud that would change its dynamic properties.
Ketchup vs. quicksand
To work for the top kill, the mud would need to behave less like ketchup and more like quicksand.
Ketchup is what is known as a shear-thinning fluid (or a Bingham plastic, after the scientist who first mathematically characterized such fluids). Initially it resists flowing. It begins to flow only when the pressure of your fingers on the bottle produces a stress on the condiment that is greater than what is called the yield stress. But after that, it flows freely.
Or as they used to say in the ketchup commercial “Anticipation is making me wait.”
Other examples of shear-thinning fluids are toothpaste, mayonnaise, mustard, and — crucially — drilling mud, which is typically a slurry, or watery mixture, of clay and other minerals.
To suppress instability, the mud needed to be a shear-thickening rather than a shear-thinning fluid — like quicksand. As every reader of the Worst Case Scenario Survival Handbook knows, when you fall into quicksand, it is important to move slowly. The faster you move, the more the quicksand resists your movement.
The additive Katz suggested wasn’t esoteric or expensive. It was the kitchen staple cornstarch.
If you mix cornstarch and water, pour it in a cookie pan and slap it with your open hand, it doesn’t spatter. You can let your hand sink into it, but you can’t easily jerk it out. Children play with it, and recipes for cornstarch “oobleck” can be found on the web.
“It can flow slowly as a liquid, but turns stiff and elastic when flow is rapid,” Katz says. “If an instability were to occur, this stiffness would suppress it, and the novel mud would sink in the well, accumulating at the bottom until its pressure became sufficient to stop the leak.”
For an amusing demonstration of how a liquid mixture of cornstarch and water solidifies when it is thumped, watch a video on YouTube of people running across a cornstarch pool: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2XQ97XHjVw.
A foregone conclusion
But the oil industry is conservative and BP stuck with variations on methods that had worked in the past, even though Katz and Garwin predicted failure.
In late May, crews pumped more than 30,000 barrels of heavy mud down the well in a top-kill attempt. As the physicists had feared, the well spat out the mud and crude oil like a toddler spewing strained peas.
The leak was not stopped until mid-July when the well was finally capped.
Afterward the top-kill attempt, Katz couldn’t help but wonder whether his suggestion would have worked. Together with collaborators at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, he constructed a model oil well consisting of a six-foot length of transparent plastic tube filled with a clear oil.
“We poured cornstarch ‘mud’ into the top of the oil column and observed that, as predicted, the instability was suppressed. The surrogate ‘mud’ sank rapidly through the oil to the bottom of the tube,” Katz says.
Based on this experiment, the addition of a shear-thickening polymer like cornstarch to a dense top-kill mud might have allowed slugs of mud to descend against the upwelling oil instead of being ripped up and spat out of the well. Eventually, the column of mud would have prevented any further infiltration from the oil reservoir, killing the well.
Katz hopes there will never be an opportunity to repeat the experiment at full scale and under field conditions, but recommends the Boy Scout motto: “Be prepared.” | <urn:uuid:91e2a9a4-f9b4-4f34-8447-5259b40d7318> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://source.wustl.edu/2010/12/cornstarch-might-have-ended-the-gulf-spill-agony-sooner/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965266 | 1,481 | 2.984375 | 3 |
As we pass the one year anniversary of the COVID-19 Pandemic, new rules regarding COVID-19 mandates in the workplace are imminent. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”) is preparing an Emergency Temporary Standard (the “Emergency Standard”) to better protect workers from the virus. The Emergency Standard could be released as early as this week, and take effect soon thereafter. Employers should be aware of the imminent release of the Emergency Standard and know what to expect from it.
Although certain areas of the country are relaxing their mask mandates, the Biden Administration is expected to reinstate masking and other social distancing rules within the workplace. Specifically, employers should anticipate a strict face-covering requirement for indoor workers. The Standard could also include a requirement to make sure employees have free access to the vaccines, by paying for their time and reimbursing their expenses. This requirement would conflict with the current advice from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”), so employers should expect the EEOC to clarify its advice following the official release of the standard.
The need for the Emergency Standard resulted from OSHA and its state counterparts receiving over 60,000 complaints about COVID-19 safety issues. Recently, the U.S. Department of Labor cited a Massachusetts employer for neglecting COVID-19 protocol safeguards. An inspection revealed that the owner of a Massachusetts tax preparation service prohibited her employees and customers from wearing masks, did not enforce social distancing, failed to provide adequate ventilation in the workplace, and failed to implement controls such as physical barriers, pre-shift screening of employees, enhanced cleaning, and other methods to reduce transmission of the virus. The business now faces $136,532 in penalties.
Employers should be aware that, even before the official release of the Emergency Standard, they must comply with state regulations regarding COVID-19 safety in the workplace. OSHA can and will conduct inspections after receiving referrals of employers not following protocols.
If you have any questions regarding the Emergency Temporary Standard or any other COVID-19 related workplace issues, please do not hesitate to reach out to any member of Mirick O’Connell’s Labor, Employment, and Employee Benefits Group. | <urn:uuid:d3d1248c-40e1-4383-a289-a42fd0c9170c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://offtheclockemploymentblog.com/2021/04/22/covid-19-mandates-in-the-workplace/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95191 | 460 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Some people speak the same language at home as they do in the office, even if the office is filled with microarrays and next-generation sequencing machines. Two science diplomas in the den means one can mention “loss of heterozygosity” or “Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium” without pausing to explain to the other what that means—which gives them more time to decide which new Netflix series they’re going binge watch.
It’s no surprise that many couples meet at work. Science is no exception. According to National Science Foundation data analyzed by the Committee on Maximizing the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering, in 2008 between 75 and 80 percent of women and between 45 and 50 percent of men in physical sciences, engineering and mathematics are married to someone with at a bachelor’s or higher level degree in science; in biological sciences more than 60 percent of women and about half of men were married to another scientist.
ScientificAmerican.com decided to ask what it means to share nuptials as well as a life in science. As the couples we interviewed can attest, there’s a lot to be said for spending your life with someone who shares your passion for science, especially if they are as obsessed as you are with a particular subfield of study. But there are plenty of challenges to establishing a family with another scientist: Not only do you both have to go through the rigors and stresses of a higher education program, you then have to find jobs at the same institution, or at least in the same state. If you want to raise children, you have to find time in the middle of two demanding careers. And what happens when one gets a dream job somewhere where the other has no career opportunity? This “two-body problem” often leads to long commutes or one person putting their aspirations on hold. (Wikipedia helpfully mentions that one surefire solution to this problem is the death of one spouse.)
» Related: Take a poll on the two-body (career) problem
For generations, couples have navigated these issues, and we talked to six couples that have done so successfully: a pair of psychologists whose relationship was shaped by an experiment that famously went wrong; a beaver expert and a mink expert who found love—and work—in the southernmost city in the world; two neuroscientists introduced by a Nobel laureate; a couple just starting their careers as physician scientists, waiting to see if they wind up in the same city for their residencies; a scientist studying loneliness who fell for a scientist studying love; and a pair of paleontologists who discovered several new dinosaur species, two of which they named after their children.
Here are their love stories.
Social Psychologists Christina Maslach and Philip Zimbardo
Instead of ending their relationship, their first big fight cemented it.
It was August 1971 and social psychologist Philip Zimbardo was five days into the study he would become famous for: the Stanford prison experiment. He had asked psychologist Christina Maslach to interview some of the study’s participants, so she came by one evening to observe for awhile.
Zimbardo and Maslach were newly—and at long last—a couple. Zimbardo had been hired three years earlier by Stanford University’s psychology department while Maslach was working on her PhD there, and for him, “it was love at first sight,” he says. “Then I had to practice incredible restraint for three years.” That restraint had finally lifted that summer, after she completed her dissertation—with him as her advisor—and was hired to teach at the University of California, Berkeley. They were already discussing marriage
That August evening, however, what she would propose was not marriage, but separation.
Zimbardo had designed the experiment to study the power of social roles to diminish the sense of personal identity. For the experiment, two dozen students were randomly assigned roles as either prisoners or guards, parts they were meant to play for two weeks in a mock dungeon in the Stanford psych department’s basement as Zimbardo and other researchers observed. Famously, the students playing guards became so absorbed in the power of their roles that they began abusing their prisoners. By the time Maslach appeared, five prisoners had suffered emotional breakdowns and had been removed from the study.
That evening, as the guards placed bags over their prisoners’ heads, chained them together and marched them to the bathroom, Zimbardo watched Maslach’s eyes fill with tears. He was shocked. “I say, what’s the matter? And she says, ‘It’s just terrible what you’re doing to these boys!’ I' didn’t get it at all at first. I had so much invested in the research, I had been watching it progress over the course of days, and I was on autopilot. I couldn’t see what was wrong with it,” he says.
At first, Zimbardo and his colleagues teased Maslach about being a softie, downplaying her objections. After she stormed out Zimbardo followed her to the parking lot. It was there they had the first serious fight of their relationship. She told him the experiment had gone too far, it was harming the students, and he was taking part in cruelty. “I couldn’t understand how someone I thought I knew well, who I trusted and loved, would not see any problems with this,” she says.
For awhile, Zimbardo continued to defend the merits of the experiment, but she persisted. “She told me, there’s a chasm between us, and you are on the other side of a chasm, and I don’t understand who you are. If this is the real you, I’m not sure I want to have any more to do with you,” Zimbardo recalls. “It was like a double slap in the face: she was saying, first, you are failing in your ethical obligation to the students and, second, you are failing as a possible suitor.”
Only after she threatened to end the relationship was Zimbardo shaken enough to reassess the experiment and his role in it, which he began to realize had shifted from observer to unwitting participant. By the end of the conversation, he had agreed to end the study.
Although cut short, the experiment launched Zimbardo into fame, and ultimately shaped both of their careers. Maslach became interested in how people dehumanize others, which in turn led her to study job burnout, the thrust of her research for years. Zimbardo continued to study the effects of individuation and social influence as well as therapeutic techniques for survivors of trauma.
Although the two supported one another’s careers in myriad unofficial ways, they rarely collaborated on research—not out of lack of desire to do so, but rather an effect of the “old sexist days” in academia, Maslach says. “When I arrived in Berkeley, it was made really, really clear that any publication I did with Phil would not count. In fact, it would count against me because people would assume he was the author, not me,” Maslach says.
But now that Maslach has retired, she and Zimbardo have had cause to collaborate again. Zimbardo has launched a nonprofit called the Heroic Imagination Project, which teaches young people how come to the aid of those in need, even when there are risks involved. In lectures they frequently discuss the moment when Maslach argued with Zimbardo in the parking lot, which Zimbardo describes as an act of heroism, because she stood up for her principles even though she knew the consequence might be losing his and his colleagues’ approval—and ending a relationship she cared about.
Maslach says she didn’t feel heroic at the time—she felt scared. But, she says, that fight bode well for their relationship. "It ultimately helped us communicate better, and to feel like even if something is really, really difficult and serious, we can handle it, we can deal with it,” she says. “We know we can hash anything out. We know we can hear each other.”
Christina Maslach, a professor emerita of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley, is best known for her pioneering research on job burnout. She has served as the chair of Berkeley’s Academic Senate, vice provost for undergraduate education and as the president of the Western Psychological Association. She has received national recognition for teaching.
Philip Zimbardo is a professor emeritus of psychology at Stanford University. His research focused on individuation the negative forms of social influence (such as conformity, obedience and the bystander effect) and the use of time perspective as therapy after trauma. He is founder of the nonprofit Heroic Imagination Project, which teaches individuals to take courageous action in challenging situations.
Biologists Alejandro Valenzuela and Christopher Anderson
What do an invasive beaver expert and an invasive mink expert talk about over the kitchen table? “We talk about invasive species a lot,” Christopher Anderson, the beaver expert, admits. “Probably too much.”
His husband, Alejandro Valenzuela, the mink expert, chimes in, “But now we’re building a house, so we talk about that, too.” The house Anderson and Valenzuela are building is in Ushuaia, Argentina—a city that sits near the southern tip of Tierra del Fuego, a part of the region of Patagonia that is undergoing major changes in its ecology because of the species they study.
It was the study of invasive animals that brought each of them independently to the region years ago. And although they worked in neighboring cities and on the same issues, it took them years to meet one another. They had visited each other’s labs, but only when the other was away. They had e-mailed back and forth about projects, but never about anything personal. In fact, somewhere early in their correspondence Valenzuela had somehow formed the impression that Anderson was “an old German guy.”
So in 2007 when the two finally had occasion to meet in person at the beginning of a workshop in Santiago, Chile, Valenzuela turned to another colleague and whispered, “Who was that?” When she said it was Chris Anderson, Valenzuela asked, “Are there two Chris Andersons?”
Within weeks they were a couple, although a long-distance one. Once a month Anderson, an American who was working as a postdoctoral fellow in Punta Arenas, Chile, would take the 11-hour bus ride to visit Valenzuela, who was completing his PhD in Ushuaia. After two years of nurturing the long-distance relationship with these trips, Anderson was offered a job to coordinate a binational program between a university in Texas and one in southern Chile, a job that required him to spend half his time in each country. Valenzuela would come spend three months at a time with him in the U.S.—the longest his tourist visa was allowed.
It was in that period that Argentina became the first Latin American country to recognize same-sex marriage, passing the Marriage Equality Act in July 2010. Prior to that Anderson and Valenzuela had never considered marrying. “We always had this attitude that marriage is irrelevant—so many people get divorced anyway, it’s just become a tradition without real meaning,” Anderson says. “But the moment it became legal it changed your perception of it. And once we got married we both felt like there was a before and after. The social and legal approval of a relationship makes it have meaning.”
They married in January 2012—the first full month of Patagonian summer—in Ushuaia, surrounded by friends and family on the shores of the Beagle Channel. But their marriage did not allow Valenzuela to spend more time with Anderson in the U.S. because the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which prevented same-sex couples from applying for green cards after marriage and was still the law of the land. Valenzuela was still limited to traveling on a tourist visa. “The visa became the bane of our lives,” Anderson says. “A tourist visa is a privilege, not a right, so if you show up to the airport and someone in immigration decides you might be trying to game the system, they don’t have to let you in.”
That fear dominated every trip, Valenzuela says. “Even though everything was always legal, I was always with that feeling that someday I would go to the airport and something would go wrong,” he adds.
Living in such anxiety was unsustainable, and so they decided their future was in Argentina. They both found ideal jobs in Ushuaia, Anderson as a research scientist at the Austral Center for Scientific Research and Valenzuela as the conservation coordinator for Southern Patagonia National Parks.
Although DOMA was finally abolished last year by the U.S. Supreme Court, they plan to continue their lives here for now, because “finding a U.S. university interested in hiring two experts on Patagonian invasive species at the same time—that’s not going to happen,” Anderson says. Nevertheless, he says, it is a relief to know that if they had to return to the States, say to care for an ill parent, they now have the ability to do so.
In the meantime they are happy in Ushuaia, where they are absorbed in their work and in the house they are building, and are exploring options for adopting children. The couple has found broad social support in Ushuaia, and even more now that they are married. “At the bank the other day they took pictures of us because we were the first marriage equality couple they have given a mortgage to,” Valenzuela says.
Alejandro Valenzuela is conservation coordinator for Argentina's Southern Patagonia National Parks and a laboratory instructor at the National University of Tierra del Fuego. His research has focused on the ecology and management of invasive species in Patagonia, particularly American minks.
Christopher Anderson is a research scientist at the Austral Center for Scientific Research, an institute of the Argentine National Scientific and Technological Research Council, a professor at the Institute of Polar Sciences at the National University of Tierra del Fuego and an adjunct assistant professor of forest resources and environmental conservation at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. His research has focused on the socio-ecological dimensions of invasive species in Patagonia, particularly American beavers.
Neuroscientists Susana Martinez-Conde and Stephen Macknik
Stephen Macknik’s courtship of Susana Martinez-Conde was more a sales pitch than a love song.
They had met nearly five years before when Harvard University Nobel laureate David Hubel hired them both to work in his lab. Macknik and Hubel went to the airport to pick up Martinez-Conde when she flew in from Spain to start the job, and right away the intellectual sparks flew. The pair immediately developed a rapport and began collaborating on visual neuroscience research. Soon they were sharing an apartment, walking back and forth from work together, and spending most of their spare time with one another. A few years later they both moved to England to work at University College London, where again they both worked and lived together.
But for all that time, they were just friends. One or the other was always dating someone else, and for awhile Martinez-Conde was engaged to another man. But after the engagement dissolved they both were finally single at the same time, and Macknik decided it was time to bring up the obvious. He proposed they give romance a try.
Martinez-Conde wasn’t sure that was a good idea. “I think in the back of our minds it might have been a possibility for awhile,” she admits. “But it gets complicated, right? Because we had a successful scientific collaboration for four or five years. What if you date your main collaborator and it doesn’t work out and you hate each other, what’s going to happen to the science? It seemed risky.” Macknik, however, didn’t give up, arguing that they were already best friends who spent all their time together. “He even told me at one point that I wouldn’t even be able to tell the difference,” Martinez-Conde laughs. “I didn’t know if that was a good or bad argument.”
In the end, Macknik prevailed. Three months later they were engaged and nine months later they were married. There was an ease to the relationship because they’d already worked out how to handle communication and conflict. “We’d had disagreements, we’d been mad at each other and made up as collaborators, so we already had a dynamic where we didn’t have to be walking on eggshells around each other,” Martinez-Conde says.
Her fears that their work would be harmed by a romantic relationship have certainly proved unfounded. After three years in London they moved to Arizona to work at the Barrow Neurological Institute, where Martinez-Conde now directs the Visual Neuroscience Research Lab, and Macknik the Laboratory of Behavioral Neurophysiology. They have collaborated on dozens of papers, including seminal work on how microscopic eye movements affect perception. They co-author a column and blog for Scientific American about illusions, and in 2011 they published Sleights of Mind, a book about the neuroscience of magic. As for their chief success, they list their family: They have three children whom they try not to bore with incessant technical science talk—and occasionally conduct experiments on.
But in many ways, their relationship isn’t so different than it was all those years ago when they began working together. They continually run ideas past one another, which Martinez-Conde considers the biggest benefit of being in a partnership with another scientist. “The science is always there, you talk about it in the car, having dinner, watching TV. Something pops into your mind and you ask the other person: Is this crazy? Does it make sense to you? What holes can you find in it? You feed off each other and waste fewer good ideas,” she says. “We make each other stronger in that way.”
Susana Martinez-Conde directs the Visual Neuroscience Research Laboratory at the Barrow Neurological Institute. She received her PhD at the University of Santiago de Compostela in Spain. Today, her research focuses on understanding the neurology behind our visual experience. With her husband, she co-authors the Scientific American blog Illusion Chasers. With Sandra Blakeslee, the couple wrote the international bestseller Sleights of Mind: What the Neuroscience of Magic Reveals about Our Everyday Deceptions. Martinez-Conde is the executive chair of the Neural Correlate Society, which she helped found with Macknik; they both help organize its annual “Best Illusion of the Year Contest.”
Stephen Macknik directs the Laboratory of Behavioral Neurophysiology at the Barrow Neurological Institute and is an adjunct professor at Arizona State University. He received his PhD in neurobiology in the laboratory of Margaret Livingstone at Harvard University. He directed a laboratory in the Department of Visual Science at University College London before moving to Arizona. For his collaborations with Martinez-Conde, see the previous bio.
Physician Scientists Carolina Montano and Andre Kydd
It was a stressful time for Carolina Montano: She had one month left to study for the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT), the results of which would decide where she would spend the next several years of her life—and whether it would be with her boyfriend, who was already studying at Johns Hopkins University.
Her boyfriend, Andre Kydd, chose that moment propose marriage. “I was trying to tell her that no matter what happens, wherever you wind up, I’m committed to you and we’ll make it work,” Kydd says.
Montano accepted—but was furious. “I told him, how could you propose to me now? I am already so stressed out, and now all I want to think about is the wedding, but instead I have to think about the MCAT,” she says. “I was so mad at him.”
The couple laughs about it now—easy to do because Montano had no trouble getting into the Johns Hopkins MD/PhD program. Seven years later Kydd has a PhD in cellular and molecular medicine and is about to finish his MD. His research has focused on the epigenetic pathways of cancer. Montano is about to complete her PhD in genetics, with a focus on epigenetic mechanisms in psychiatric disease, and has two more years of medical school.
Kydd and Montano met in 2004, when he was at Harvard and she at Brigham Young University. They had each been granted a federal scholarship for low-income science scholars and spent a summer interning at the National Institutes of Health with 14 other students. Montano fell for Kydd immediately. “There was something about him. Something about his eyes, his Afro. He was so different. I thought, I need to get to know him,” she says.
It quickly became apparent to everyone around them—“even the shuttle drivers”—that the pair had chemistry. But it took Kydd until summer’s end to work up the nerve to make a move. “I didn’t want to assume she was into me and then for it to go wrong. That would have been very, very embarrassing,” he says.
Once it finally happened, “we never looked back,” Montano adds. They come from very different backgrounds—Montano is Colombian and moved to the U.S. at the age of 20, Kydd is African-American and was raised outside of Philadelphia. But in addition to being science nerds, they shared a political outlook, a penchant for dissecting human behavior and—crucially—a love of dancing. “Once she saw I could bust moves, it was over,” Kydd says.
They also share the experience of being people of color in an elite academic institution and in a field that is overwhelmingly white. They have helped one another navigate the complicated dynamics that sometimes play out around race, class and gender in such circumstances. “I don’t know everything about the African-American experience and he doesn’t know everything about the Latina experience, but it’s similar enough that we can be empathetic,” Montano says. “It’s so nice to have someone to come home to and say, ‘Wow, do you know what happened today?’ and know the other person understands and can reassure you that you’re not crazy.”
But most of their struggles are common to all science couples starting their careers. Kydd is now applying for residencies, which Montano will do in two more years. Kydd is carefully applying to programs that could have positions for Montano once she finishes her studies and is hoping the move won’t force them to live apart. “I’m trying to sell us as a two-for-one deal,” Kydd says.
In the long run they have dreams of collaborating on research and medical projects both in the U.S. and in Montano’s native Colombia. Meanwhile, they are considering when to fit in parenthood, which they are committed to despite the chaos it could bring to their lives and careers. “The girls I mentor, their number-one question is always whether they will be able to get married and have a family if they go into science or medicine, and I’m always telling them, ‘yes, yes, yes,’” she says. “You can make an important contribution to science and also have a family. It’s complicated, but you can do it.”
Carolina Montano is in her seventh year of the MD/PhD program at Johns Hopkins University. She is completing her doctorate in genetics. Her research has focused on studying epigenetic mechanisms in psychiatric disease and she hopes to focus on brain development after finishing her degree. She did her undergraduate work at Brigham Young University.
Andre Kydd is completing the MD/PhD program at Johns Hopkins University. He received his PhD in cellular and molecular medicine and his research focused on the epigenetics of cancer. He completed his undergraduate degree at Harvard University.
Social Neuroscientists John Cacioppo and Stephanie Cacioppo
He was studying loneliness and isolation. She was studying love and desire. When they found themselves together, they gravitated toward her end of the continuum of social connection.
John Cacioppo was living in Chicago and Stephanie Ortigue in Geneva when they met—in Shanghai. Cacioppo had helped found the Chinese chapter of the Society for Social Neuroscience and Ortigue had been asked to speak at their first meeting. On the last night of the conference, they happened to be seated next to one another at an official dinner, and soon became absorbed in conversation. “She was wonderful and brilliant and funny and I was completely taken by her,” Cacioppo says.
They both felt the chemistry but had to return to their respective homes the next day. Before parting ways they walked out of the restaurant together and noticed a beautiful moon hanging over the city. He snapped a picture of it. “A couple weeks later, she e-mailed me and asked if I could send her the picture,” Cacioppo says—a request his wife now confesses was just an excuse to strike up another conversation.
Within weeks they arranged to meet again, and from there their love unfurled. They happened to be speaking at several of the same conferences over the next few months, so they saw each other regularly. Within eight months they were engaged, and a season later they had married. They still didn’t call the same country home: Stephanie Ortigue became Stephanie Cacioppo before the pair had even lived together.
In fact, that proved to be a sticking point for some of her colleagues. “When we got married I had more than 50 publications under my maiden name, so when I changed it my colleagues kept saying, what are you doing?” she says. “But I didn’t mind. For me the love is more important than having a big ego about my name and publications.”
The month after they married, she moved to Chicago, where John Cacioppo is director of University of Chicago’s Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience. Previously, Stephanie Cacioppo had been directing labs and teaching at the University of Geneva and at Syracuse University. She was soon hired to direct the University of Chicago’s electrical neuroimaging laboratory.
The transition from living an ocean away from one another to living under the same roof was easy, they say, and now their lives are intertwined completely—they share an office, and even a desk, both at work and at home. They began collaborating and over the course of the last four years have co-authored 17 articles about the neurology and epigenetics of social connection. But as two people who spent much of their careers obsessed with their research, they find in one another a reason to leave it behind sometimes. “We’ve also learned to walk away from the desk and enjoy each other, because when we return to the desk, we get a lot more work done,” John Cacioppo says.
Stephanie Cacioppo directs the High Performance Electrical Neuroimaging Laboratory at the University of Chicago’s Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, and is a research assistant professor there. Her research has focused on the neural bases for sexual desire and love, the brain mapping of social desire and other neurological studies of the continuum of social connection. She previously was an assistant professor at Syracuse University in New York State and at the University of Geneva in Switzerland.
John Cacioppo helped found the field of social neuroscience. He directs the Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, the university’s Social Neuroscience Laboratory and its doctoral program in social psychology; he is the university’s Tiffany and Margaret Blake Distinguished Service Professor. His research examines how social context affects genetic expression and how social isolation disrupts perception and alters behavior and physiology. He has co-authored several books about social neuroscience, including Loneliness: Human Nature and the Need for Social Connection.
Paleontologists Thomas Rich and Patricia Vickers-Rich
Thomas Rich and Patricia Vickers-Rich’s love blossomed over bird carcasses.
The two paleontology students at U.C. Berkeley had gradually come to know one another around the department, but their first real date took place after a big storm hit the Bay Area. They’d heard there were some seabird fatalities, so they decided to scour the beach for specimens they could turn into skeletons and compare with fossils.
It was a portent of things to come: Over the next 47 years they would spend much of their time collecting bones together. The couple became famous in the 1980s for excavating Dinosaur Cove in Australia, where several new dinosaur species were discovered.
Working on dinosaurs wasn’t their original plan. From childhood, Rich was gripped by the idea of finding the prehistoric mammals that coexisted with dinosaurs, and Vickers-Rich was fascinated by ancient birds. But after the pair joined a field trip to Australia with American Museum of Natural History staff in the early 1970s, Vickers-Rich was hooked on the continent’s prehistory. She returned a few years later with a Fulbright scholarship and her husband tagged along. He was soon hired as the curator of paleontology at the Museum Victoria in Australia, a post he still holds.
Over the course of decades they conducted field excavations together, the most productive of which was at a small inlet on Australia’s Victoria Coast. They led a small group of volunteers and quickly discovered that the cove was a trove of dinosaur bones—all the more remarkable, they were from an era when Australia and Antarctica were connected, and the species were the first to be discovered that had wandered the white continent. The inlet became internationally known as Dinosaur Cove.
Meanwhile, Rich and Vickers-Rich traveled around the world to participate in other digs. Their two children, Leaellyn (for whom they named the Australian dinosaur Leaellynasaura) and Timothy (the namesake of the Timimus), were frequently on site as well, “draftees in the dinosaur army,” Rich jokes.
Today the couple continues to work together on dinosaur and early animal research in southwestern Australia, but over the last decade Vickers-Rich has pursued another line of research, studying Precambrian animals at sites around the world. But whether together or apart they have an ease and broad trust to their partnership that makes conflict rare. Rich says they often make big decisions without needing to consult one another. “If one makes a decision, the other one automatically backs them up,” Rich says. “If she was a dressmaker and I was a scientist, I couldn’t do the things I do because she might have different priorities. But because we are both scientists, we see things in the same way. We’re incredibly lucky in that way.”
Indeed, that ease and mutual understanding marked the relationship from the start. As students at Berkeley, they gradually arrived at the conclusion that they would marry, rather than either formally proposing marriage. One day, as they were on an errand, Vickers-Rich simply turned to Rich and suggested they get married at Bushy-Tailed Blowout—a well-known fossil site in eastern Wyoming. He immediately agreed. The next summer they were there. “After the ceremony, Pat said, ‘Now let’s scour the outcrop,’” Rich recalls. “We did, and my mother found an exquisite mammal tooth.”
Thomas H. Rich is senior curator of vertebrate paleontology and palaeobotany at the Museum Victoria in Melbourne. With his wife he led a decade’s worth of excavations on Australia’s Victoria Coast that discovered several new species of dinosaurs as well as a handful of prehistoric birds and mammals. He later—after many years of searching—discovered an Australian Mesozoic mammal specimen. Dozens more have been found since. He has co-authored many books on paleontology.
Patricia Vickers-Rich is an emerita professor of paleontology at Monash University in Melbourne. In addition to her prominent work on dinosaurs and mammal fossil excavations on the Victoria Coast, Vickers-Rich has pursued research on the soft-bodied Precambrian creatures, which lived between 600 million and 540 million years ago and preceded the hard-bodied animals that appear in the fossil records. She has co-authored many books about prehistoric birds, dinosaurs and animals. | <urn:uuid:2a6235dc-b42c-44b0-b952-dc38d8f75a16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/when-scientists-are-mad-about-each-other/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.980959 | 6,991 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Review of Short Phrases and Links|
This Review contains major "Robert Byrne"- related terms, short phrases and links grouped together in the form of Encyclopedia article.
- Robert Byrne is a bestselling author, hall-of-famer and a master teacher of billiards, and this book presents his most impressive effort yet.
- ROBERT BYRNE is a bestselling author on billiards history, has appeared in countless instructional tapes, and was named best writer by Billiards Digest.
- Robert Byrne is a columnist for Billiards Digest and in the United States he is considered one of, if not the best, billiards and pool teacher.
- In 1956 he was one of the top-ten players in the US, and was also the brother of a well-known American grandmaster, Robert Byrne.
- His brother, International Grandmaster Robert Byrne, was also a leading player of that time.
- Collins had taught several top players, including Robert Byrne and William Lombardy.
- He tied for first place in the 1972 U.S. Championship, losing the playoff for an interzonal slot to Robert Byrne.
- In pool, unlike other sports, there are few real teachers, Robert Byrne is a great teacher for the beginner to the very advanced player.
- Fischer then drew against Korchnoi in their postponed game and beat Robert Byrne in round twelve.
- When it wasn't, he would often go on to win, as in his game with grandmaster Robert Byrne.
- I specifically remember being struck by his annotations to his game against Robert Byrne, quite possibly the greatest game ever played.
- Byrne.org is devoted to the works of Robert Byrne.
- Established players such as Fine and Dake lost rating points to rapidly improving teenagers such as Evans, Bisguier and Robert Byrne.
- As well, Reshevsky tied for that tournament title in 1972, but lost the playoff in 1973 to Robert Byrne.
- Other GMs like Pal Benko, Robert Byrne and Larry Evans made valiant efforts to vie for top honors.
- One of those games, against Robert Byrne, is often cited as among his most brilliant.
- Fischer began 1966 by winning the U.S. Championship for the seventh time despite losing to Robert Byrne and Reshevsky in the eighth and ninth rounds.
- Have an invitational event for American players he competed with, like Evans, Pal Benko, Robert Byrne, Arthur Bisguier, et al.
- Reference > Titles > Chess Grandmasters > Pal Benko
- Bestselling Author
Books about "Robert Byrne" in | <urn:uuid:84cc1f8c-e680-456f-8bc0-51694a31c302> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://keywen.com/en/ROBERT_BYRNE | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.962065 | 619 | 1.5 | 2 |
Diagnostic radiographers help diagnose illnesses or injuries by capturing images of the inside of the body using imaging technology.
You could be:
using complex equipment and techniques such as x-rays, ultrasound, fluoroscopy, CT, MRI, nuclear medicine, angiography and mammography to get images which identify damage or disease
assessing patient to determine appropriate radiographic technique
putting dyes into a patient’s body to highlight soft parts
talking to a patient to explain what is happening and to encourage or calm them
examining the images and providing evaluations of results
checking equipment on a regular basis and reporting any faults
providing an update of images to colleagues.
Within the NHS Agenda for Change scales radiographers' salaries are on Band 5, £26,104 to £32,915 a year. With experience this can rise to Band 6, £33,072 to £40,736 a year. Advanced radiographers salaries are on Band 7, £40,872 to £47,846 a year. The current pay scales are from April 2021.
Work would be mainly in a specialist department in a hospital.
You may work with mobile equipment, in other parts of a hospital or in the community.
You may have to work evenings or weekends in Accident and Emergency.
You would wear a uniform.
For some work, you would wear clothing which protects you against radiation and you would carry equipment to measure radiation.
It can be a physically demanding job, with moving and lifting patients and equipment.
confident in operating complex equipment and aware of safety procedures
able to get on well with people from all backgrounds and of all ages
caring, supportive and able to calm patients
able to explain procedures clearly
interested in biology, anatomy and physiology
accurate and precise
able to deal with difficult patients in Accident and Emergency
willing to accept responsibility and make decisions
adaptable to learning new skills.
Once you have gained state registration, training is on the job.
You would be expected to keep up to date with new technologies by completing Continuing Professional Development (CPD).
You can join the Society and College of Radiographers (SCoR) as a student. They provide courses, conferences and seminars where you can swap ideas with colleagues and update skills.
You could do a post-registration course approved by the Consortium for the Accreditation of Sonographic Education (CASE) to become a specialist in ultrasound. Other specialist areas include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) or specialist screening procedures.
Some diagnostic radiographers work with specific groups of patients such as breast screening, children, stroke patients or cancer patients.
You might move into a senior post or into management.
The Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) is the UK-wide regulatory body responsible for setting and maintaining standards of professional training, performance and conduct in the following health care professions: Arts Therapists; Audiologist; Biomedical Scientist; Chiropodist and Podiatrist; Clinical Scientist; Dietician; Dramatherapist; Occupational Therapist; Operating Department Practitioner; Orthoptist; Paramedic; Physiotherapist; Practitioner Psychologist; Prosthetist and Orthotist; Radiographer; Speech and Language Therapist. (The HCPC may regulate other healthcare professions in the future.) The HCPC website contains a register of all approved courses in the above professions. | <urn:uuid:26ff9e06-de63-4f36-9bfd-336d4b5da2a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.planitplus.net/JobProfiles/View/314/78 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.925234 | 729 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Synonyms of playing field
- 1. playing field, circumstance
- usage: the circumstances under which competition occurs; "the government's objective is to insure a genuinely level playing field for American industry and commerce in Europe"
- 2. playing field, athletic field, playing area, field, tract, piece of land, piece of ground, parcel of land, parcel
- usage: a piece of land prepared for playing a game; "the home crowd cheered when Princeton took the field"
All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:e89c82d1-7d62-44a2-9b6e-3730c5abbd41> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.factmonster.com/thesaurus/playing-field | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.943167 | 108 | 1.984375 | 2 |
The poet pursues ferocious inquiries into sociality, intimacy, precarity, the Puerto Rican diaspora, the condition of Puerto Rico, the US federal âresponseâ postâHurricane Maria, and the continuing catastrophe of state-sponsored dispossession. But when youâve written five books collectively, and you swap poems constantly and discuss poetics, and share a lot in common whilst being so different in life expertise, you know each other. When you are performing literary evaluation on a poem, you employ quotations to again up the argument you’re making concerning the author. Therefore, if you make a citation, move on to talk about why you used it.For instance, when you quoted the first two traces of Byron’s poem, you can use it to talk about Byron’s use of similes. Unlike different types of writing, poetry takes as its main task to insist, depend on, and have fun the troubled relation of the word to what it represents. In following what is beautiful and unsure in language, we get to a truth that’s past our capability to articulate after we try to âuseâ language to convey our ideas or tales.
Enrolled in each Helen Vendler’s well-known “Poems, Poets, Poetry” course and William Corbett’s expository writing class, McLane sat at the dulcarnoun of scholarly exegesis and inventive studying. At the intersection of canonical and modern poetry, she stood in a “vale of unknowing.” Poetry provides new meaning to life; it depicts the philosophy of life in all its glory and human dimensions. Every yr in the month of February lovers, wives, husbands, and people of all walks of life will flock the outlets to buy Valentineâs Day Cards for their lovers and beloved one. They wonât purchase a novel or historic textbook, but a Valentine card, often with well-crafted poetry in it.
They exist to be learn with flashlights beneath wool blankets at night time. When we are attentive to the language of poetry, to the phrases we see before us within the poem, we begin to get a glimmer of the reality, the paradox, complexity, and uncertainty that lie behind the way we often understand the world. Words and ideas can loosen and break away for a second, so we will experience them anew.
Can the meaning of the poem be seen; what does the author expect from the audience? Itâs fairly probably that the poet merely makes a comment or expresses themselves with out anticipating a reaction from the gang. Nobody knows whether Shapiro has seen the mishap or came upon about it in the information.
For that, youâll need to write down a complete, efficient essay that argues an correct interpretation of the work beneath examination in the Free Response Question section. They are both English teachers that met on a Twitter chat in 2014 and have been collaborating ever since. Their mission is to share good ideas and bring pleasure to school rooms. Figurative Language in Kipling’s “My Boy Jack”Rudyard Kipling is an English poet who received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1907. He wrote a poem named âMy Boy Jackâ after his loss of his son John in France on the Battle of Loos in 1915. Since 2011, Creative Nonfiction’s on-line courses have helped 1000’s of https://ottawaarchitectureweek.com/archive/ writers from all around the world tell their tales better.
Shelleyâs argument for poetry in his crucial essay is written within the context of Romanticism. This month, I actually have four new poems printed in The Lonely Crowd, a beautiful literary journal based mostly in Wales. Besides these there are many different types of verse compositions just like the dirge, the mock-epic and the satire and so on. A thorough dialogue of all such types would demand a wider canvas than what we will afford in these pages.
The Hook is among the finest ways to make your essay stand out. It is an announcement that should be based on the theme of the query chosen. So, for question 1 from the past paper, the theme can be the treatment of women. Question 2’s theme would be significance expertise or events. In each CSEC poetry question you get, components one and two of the question will ask you to describe, discuss or clarify some side of the poem.
Here, as in a lot of his crucial work, he argues for a poetry of âformal dissentâ that does not comply with the patterns of âofficial verse cultureâ although he does not say in detail what that tradition consists of. The remainder of the essay is usually concerned with an argument about cultural diversity. That is, cultural diversity cannot be fully conveyed via a transparent mode of writing that addresses ethnicity through content somewhat than form. How poetry creates the poetic frame of mind in a reader is the central query of this e-book.
Thus, the author provides a negative angle in the direction of this imagery. This brings us to a different massive topic of fine and evil mentioned within the poem. To write a winning poem analysis essay, use the template beneath or order an essay from our professionals. Explore hidden meanings – When analyzing poem, make sure to look past the words. Instead, concentrate on discovering broader, hidden concepts that the creator wanted to share via his piece. Read it totally – If you’re questioning tips on how to analyse poetry, the first step you canât go without is rigorously reading the chosen poem multiple times and, ideally, out loud. | <urn:uuid:72ce102b-2ca5-469e-b955-b6e5dbd3617a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dafocasion.com/essay-poems-by-donald-wellman/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.946737 | 1,158 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Knights of Daro — [18th Dec] Office Hours
To reach financial goals, one should have a strategy which should be followed with complete discipline & consistency.
This is also called investment philosophy. An ideal investment philosophy should help you achieve your goals along with peace of mind.
Don’t you have one for yourself?
Here’s how you can design one….
DEFINING BUYING RANGE -
The range where one usually buys a coin/token at a price they feel is cheaper, in order to book profit in future.
For eg- Buying range for one for BTC could be $20K-$25K and they could sell it once the BTC price goes 2x or 3x.
Various strategies to buy in BUY RANGE is as follows-
STEP 1 — In bear market some people usually buy as shown below-
They double their MPI ( money put in) after every 50% drop.
STEP 2 — Some people start buying after 80% drop when the bear market comes-
MPI is 2x’ed after 80% drop and then 2x’ed after every 50% drop after that.
STEP 3 — Personally in the bear market, i follow this strategy-
STEP 4 — In the bull market, i personally follow this strategy-
*Also i would have invested on a weekly basis to dollar cost average.
For example if you see the chart below of ETH in 2018-
In the eth chart above, I would’ve bought it weekly where ETH’s price was fluctuating between “$74-$284”, since it dropped by more than 80%.
The key is to double the MPI(money put in), the lower it dips in your buying range.
DEFINING SELL RANGE -
Sell range is where coins/tokens are usually sold in order to book profits.
“Sell range” varies from person to person depending upon their goals, risk appetite and expected returns-
Couple of sell strategies could be-
- Selling 50% of coins/tokens at 2x and selling 5% at every 3x, 4x etc.
- Selling 50% of coins/tokens at 2x and then 10% at every 4x, 6x, 8x etc.
Personally, I follow this-
IN BULL MARKET-
- Sell 50% of tokens/coins at 2x and then 5% at every 3x,4x etc.
IN BEAR MARKET -
- Sell 50% at 2x and then sell the rest of tokens/coins in the bull market.
- If another 30%-40% price drop happens, we can then buy again.
- Shortlist coins/tokens you’ll buy.
- Put support and resistance level.
- Decide levels at which you will buy.
- Money to be invested at each level.
- Place “buy” orders accordingly and forget about it.
ARE STABLECOINS GOOOOOOD?
Short answer, YES, they definitely are, here’s why-
- They don’t crash in the bear market, but they crash in the real world.
- Can be used to cash out and hold fiat positions.
- Since USDT is pegged to USD & the USD/INR chart below shows how INR has been losing its value consistently to USD.
Therefore, holding USDT itself for over a long period of time can give good returns-
- At any given point of time stablecoins is 10%-15% of the total market cap.
Once the market crashes, the money starts to move to stablecoins and the above percentage increases.
HOW TO BUY ASSETS WITH ASSETS
Here’s an APPROACH which you can mimic by understanding the LOGIC & REASONING behind it first, otherwise it might get you REKT.
FOR EG- let’s say somebody has $48K to invest and can either buy 1 BTC or 12 ETH out of it.
What they could’ve done here is-
1. Use that $48k to buy 1 BTC.
2. Buy ETH from BTC, when ETH/BTC was 0.02.
3. Buy BTC from ETH when ETH/BTC got 0.06.
4. Move money from BTC to USDT etc.
This way you could’ve bought 3 BTC out of those ETH instead of letting it sit idle in your wallet.
After buying 3 BTC you could’ve moved money BTC to USDT and buy BTC again when it gets in your buy range and repeat the same.
We’ve got bonus for you -
After buying 50ETH from 1 BTC in the above example, you could’ve achieved even higher returns-
- Could’ve bought BNB from ETH once when BNB/ETH became cheaper.
- Then could’ve bought FTM from BNB when it FTM/BNB became cheaper.
- Could’ve bought UNDEAD using FTM when UNDEAD/FTM became cheaper.
- As soon as UNDEAD/FTM price 2x, could’ve bought back FTM.
- As soon as FTM/BNB price 2x, could’ve bought BNB.
- As soon as ETH/BNB price 2x, could’ve bought ETH.
- As soon as ETH/BTC price 2x or 4x, could’ve bought BTC.
- Buy USDT using BTC and using USDT to buy the dips.
Here’s how you could’ve made 32X or more instead of letting your BTC sit idle in your wallet.
If you want to learn how to generate trustfree ROI then you may like what we’re doing at Fidaro.
Here are some useful links to save and reference. Let’s go and help you achieve your goals. | <urn:uuid:d9fc8249-c193-46a5-a25c-ef58cec5df46> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://coinfidaro.medium.com/knights-of-daro-18th-dec-office-hours-b151ad141cfb?source=post_internal_links---------7---------------------------- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.907395 | 1,280 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Full course description
- CTE GT cluster teachers will complete a book study using Jonathan Mooney's book Normal Sucks. He was a featured presenter at CAGT 2020. Learners will increase their understanding of learning differences in twice-exceptional students, and better understand how to support them.
- Lead Learner (Facilitator): Ashley Jakubowski
- Credit(s) and Type: 10 Hours Relicensure | Staff Development
Date, Time & Location
- Date: Begins 2.4.2021 and runs weekly for 8 weeks
- Time: Please see Ashley Jakubowski for meeting time
- Google Meet link: please enroll for details
Here are the outcomes for the course:
- Increase understanding of learning differences
- Increase understanding of impact of efforts to support twice-exceptional students.
- Plan for supporting 2e students in your classroom. | <urn:uuid:3b1877bd-9ac0-4660-a521-3c74165bcd2f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dcsdk12.catalog.instructure.com/browse/professionallearning/sbc/276/courses/cte-book-study-jonathan-mooneys-normal-sucks | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.879935 | 195 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Click the play button for the audio version of this Research Summary
Roadmap toward therapies targeting alpha synuclein
Experts from academia and industry have produced the first consensus white paper to guide the discovery of safe and effective therapies targeting alpha synuclein, aimed at disease modification for Parkinson’s.
Why is it important?
- Novelty 80% 80%
- Proximity 70% 70%
- Deliverability 65% 65%
Alpha synuclein, the protein which when misfolded causes damage to neurons, is one of the most promising targets to slow or stop the progression of Parkinson’s. Alpha synuclein clusters together, forming dense aggregates called Lewy bodies, which are often seen in the brains of people who had Parkinson’s. We also know that mutations in its gene, SNCA, cause heritable Parkinson’s and some variants increase the risk for 90% of cases. But what is best strategy in this ambitious and complex quest for a disease modifying game changer? How will we find therapies that engage alpha synuclein in the brain, and stop it from damaging neurons, both safely and effectively in terms of reducing or preventing symptoms? Leaders in Parkinson’s research from academia and industry convened to form the Alpha Synuclein Clinical Path Working Group, an initiative of The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research, to produce a guiding framework for future research efforts toward this critical goal.
1) target engagement: that indicates that any intervention/drug gets to where it needs to be and engages with its biological target.
2) whether a biological response has occurred in the body
3) disease monitoring, with consecutive measurements, will help establish two important milestones that relate to the level of confidence in data coming in at different decision points: first, Proof of Principle (PoP) is achieved when a biomarker indicates the intervention changes the underlying biology of Parkinson’s in humans (for example, misfolded alpha synuclein). Building on this, Proof of Concept (PoC) may be achieved by evidence of a clinical response in a larger population in people with Parkinson’s, on the basis of a data and a clinical response generated in humans. Key considerations for the transition from PoP to PoC here are ensuring that the effects observed are truly disease modifying rather than symptom alleviating, determining the patient groups with whom these studies are to be conducted, and considering those in prodromal phases as well, and deciphering what the most meaningful clinical endpoint may be – for example, how is the cut off for a meaningful change in UPDRS motor score or other outcome measure best determined? This and other issues pertaining to adaptive trial designs and more advanced statistical methods are essential to optimise.
4) whether the therapeutic is safe, through monitoring potential toxicity.
The authors emphasise the need for using the same biomarkers and endpoints to allow maximal comparability and consistency, as investigations progress through the translational pipeline, that is from cells to animal models of Parkinson’s that aim to recreate the condition, to humans. In this process, the authors acknowledge that no existing animal model is perfect in this sense, and the strengths and limitations of each are discussed. Although most of these animal models are in rodents, newer models in non-human primates are being developed which remain to be full characterized but have the potential for real contribution to these efforts.
How do we establish target engagement? Therapies targeting alpha-synuclein should lead to a reduction in deposits, and this is an important Proof of Principle endpoint. It is recommended that prior to moving to a larger trial in people with Parkinson’s, the dose required to bring about a measurable reduction in alpha synuclein deposits should first be established through a smaller study in the same population. An important open question concerns the species, or kind of alpha synuclein, which existing methods detect. MJFF has launched two initiatives to validate and compare these methods through the work of the Investigating Synuclein Consortium and LEAPS (Linked Efforts to Accelerate Parkinson’s Solutions).
The authors go on to review other investigations such as brain imaging, heart scanning, and sampling tissue from around including the colon and salivary gland in which alpha synuclein has also been found. Although at the moment, there is no imaging marker that can measure treatment effectiveness, some of these can help establish whether a drug crosses from the blood into brain (as not all molecules can) and subsequently target engagement, which can be useful in Proof of Concept studies in people with Parkinson’s. Given the intrinsic variability of Parkinson’s, these experts also review mobile technologies for continuous remote symptom monitoring, but report the need for studies that utilize meaningful endpoints and track meaningful symptoms. Only 5% of the 850 published studies actually used technologies that were available or soon to be on the market. They do however recommend the use of these technologies in all future trials and set out further recommendations for their use. | <urn:uuid:6bbadc89-35ca-42b8-b4cc-e0a769b0d01c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.parkinsonsmovement.com/alpha-synuclein-roadmap/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936053 | 1,044 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Length: 192 pages
Audiobook Length: 5 hours and 49 minutes
First Published: 1897
This masterpiece of science fiction is the fascinating story of Griffin, a scientist who creates a serum to render himself invisible, and his descent into madness that follows.
Quotes from The Invisible Man
All men, however highly educated, retain some superstitious inklings.
Alone– it is wonderful how little a man can do alone! To rob a little, to hurt a little, and there is the end.
I went over the heads of the things a man reckons desirable. No doubt invisibility made it possible to get them, but it made it impossible to enjoy them when they are got.
Movie Trailer for The Invisible Man (2020)
About H. G. Wells
Herbert George Wells was an English writer best known for his science fiction. His works include The Time Machine, The Island of Doctor Moreau, The Invisible Man, and The War of the Worlds. He died in 1946 at the age of 79. | <urn:uuid:d122a352-2f8c-486b-91a3-3f34dad0f666> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.booklistqueen.com/the-invisible-man-hg-wells/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.940642 | 222 | 2.46875 | 2 |
With another mass recall of dog foods earlier this year, many dog owners are scared and concerned for their dog’s well-being. They now want to know exactly what type of dog food ingredients are in the food they buy for their pets.
Pet food labels can be confusing to look at. If you have never read the ingredient label on your dog’s food, here are a few pointers. The ingredients are always listed in descending order, starting with what has the highest percentage/amount present. The top five or ten are the most important. Since the recall, if one of those is a rice/corn/wheat product, it’s a good idea to look at another brand.
Another ingredient to watch out for is meat meal or bone meal. These are not approved by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (or AAFCO) and can actually contain contaminated meat sources.
Any type of hydrolyzed product can be listed as a protein, but don’t be fooled. Most of these are indigestible proteins, so it is just basically a “space filler” type of ingredient.
You need to look at specifically what type of dog food ingredients are included. See what they have listed as the main protein, carbohydrates, fiber, fat and nutrients. More importantly, see if there are any unwanted ingredients, like preservatives or the aforementioned meat meal/bone meal.
One tactic to watch out for is when a manufacturer breaks down an ingredient and lists it as several different items. They do this to hide the fact that it’s actually one of the major ingredients. If there are several corn or rice or other supplemental ingredients, combine them together and you’ll probably see that it is actually one of the main ingredients. This should set off a warning for you to look at another product.
Dog food with ingredients that have met the AAFCO standards will have their stamp of approval on the label. This does not guarantee the purity of the food, but does show that the manufacturer made an attempt to provide quality dog food.
The bottom line here is that to make sure you are feeding your pet the best dog food ingredients you can. You should do your own research. Then decide if there is a brand you feel is safe or even if you should even consider making your own. You can make a difference in your dog’s life … starting today.
Start your research with Dog Food Secrets. If it isn’t everything I have been trying to share with you, get your money back. It is fully guaranteed.
I don’t endorse or sell many dog products, but as a dog trainer I do believe in quality of life for our dogs. I know you have had or know someone whose dog died at an early age due to disease. What if this could have been prevented?
I personally have lost dogs to cancer and kidney failure. My daughter’s Himalayan cat just died to renal failure, kidney disease and cancer (Yes. Cat food is not any better.). It was gut wrenching to watch. I am going to do my best to prevent anything like this from happening again.
Once again, Dog Food Secrets can help you and your pet. I truly believe it. | <urn:uuid:46cad9de-674a-4f18-9576-343dca3bfbb6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.jimhodgesdogtraining.com/dog-food-ingredients-how-to-read-your-dog-food-ingredients-label/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.964549 | 668 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Rosa rugosa Thunb.
Synonyms: R. ferox Lawrance
A shrub 4 to 6 ft high, and one of the sturdiest of roses. Stems stout, densely covered with prickles of unequal size, the largest 1⁄3 to 1⁄2 in. long, they, as well as the stem itself, downy. Leaves 3 to 7 in. long, with large downy stipules. Leaflets five to nine, oblong, 1 to 2 in. long, shallowly toothed except towards the base, downy beneath, the very conspicuous veins giving them the wrinkled appearance to which the specific name refers; common stalk downy and armed with hooked spines. Flowers very fragrant, 31⁄2 in. across, purplish rose, produced singly, or a few in a cluster from early summer onwards; petals overlapping. Receptacle glabrous, but the flower-stalk and sepals downy, the latter 1 to 11⁄4 in. long. Fruits rich bright red, tomato-shaped, 1 in. or more in diameter, crowned with the sepals.
Native of the Russian Far East, Korea, Japan and N. China, commonest in sandy soils near the sea; described in 1784 by Thunberg, who gives the Japanese name as ‘Ramanas’ – a probable slip of the pen or misprint for ‘Hamanas’, the actual name used for this rose in Japan being ‘Hama-nashi’ or shore-pear. R. rugosa was in cultivation in Britain at the end of the 18th century under the name R. ferox, though how and whence it arrived is uncertain (see further under var. ventenatiana). If ever common in gardens in the earlier 19th century, it must have become rare by 1870, for when introduced about that time, as R. regeliana, it was hailed as something new and soon became valued for its handsome foliage, long flowering period, fine fruits and ease of cultivation. It was even said to have stimulated a taste for single-flowered roses, then quite thrust aside by the productions of the commercial breeder.
R. rugosa is said to have been cultivated since a.d. 1100 in China, where the ladies of the Court long prepared a kind of potpourri from its petals mixed with camphor and musk. But the forms introduced in the last century came from Japan, where too R. rugosa has long been grown and many colour forms selected, varying from crimson to pink and white. No rose hybridises more readily with others, and if seed be sown from plants growing with or near other roses, little of the progeny comes true. The consequence was that a worthless lot of mongrels appeared, some of which were named, but ought never to have been allowed to survive their first flowering. But, for the breeder, R. rugosa has important qualities, notably its great hardiness, and disease-resistant foliage. Many deliberate crosses have been made between it and garden roses, some of which are described by Graham Thomas in his section starting on p. 169. Most of these hybrids are highly sterile, but a notable exception is R. kordesii, mentioned below.
cv. ‘Alba’. – Flowers blush in bud, opening pure white, single. Vigorous and free-fruiting. The origin of this form is uncertain; it may descend from the white-flowered seedling raised by the nurseryman Ware of Tottenham early in the 1870s.
var. ventenatiana C. A. Meyer R. rugosa var. kamtschatica (Vent.) Reg.; R. kamatchatica Vent. – This differs from typical R. rugosa in having the stipular (nodal) prickles distinct from the more scattered bristly ones, in the leaves being more obovate and rounded at the apex, and in the smaller fruits. It is a distinct race, confined to S. Kamchatka, and is considered by some authorities to be a natural hybrid between R. rugosa, which is found on the peninsula, and R. amblyotis, a close relative of R. majalis. It was described in 1800 from a plant cultivated by the French nurseryman Cels, and was probably introduced around 1770 though by what means is not known. Since R. rugosa itself also grows on Kamchatka it is possible that the first introduction of the species, known as R. ferox, came at the same time.
R. ‘Calocarpa’. – A handsome rose with branches less thick than in R. rugosa, clusters of bright red fragrant flowers borne over a long period, followed by globose, scarlet fruits 3⁄4 in. wide, crowned with the sepals. Raised by Bruant of Poitiers and sent out about 1891. A hybrid of R. rugosa crossed with “R. indica”, possibly some form of Crimson China. It was stated by the raiser to come true from seed, a statement of very doubtful validity (R. rugosa calocarpa André; R. × calocarpa Bak. in Willmott).
R. ‘Hollandica’. – A hybrid of R. rugosa, much used as a stock for garden roses, especially standards. It is a suckering shrub with mauvish pink, almost single flowers, of no value as an ornamental, though often seen in neglected gardens. It flowers from summer to autumn.
R. × iwara Sieb. ex Reg. R. yesoensis (Franch. & Sav.) Makino; R. iwara var. yesoensis Franch. & Sav. – A natural hybrid between R. rugosa and R. multiflora, occurring occasionally in the wild. Of spreading habit, intermediate between the parents. The introduced form (as R. yesoensis) had small white flowers and could be described as two beautiful species spoilt.
R. × jacksonii Baker in Willmott, Gen. Rosa, Vol. I, p. 63, t. (R. rugosa × R. wichuraiana) – This cross was made at the Arnold Arboretum by Jackson Dawson, towards the end of the 19th century. Here belong ‘Lady Duncan’, named by Dawson, and ‘Max Graf’, of independent origin (see further on p. 190 and also R. kordesii below).
R. × micrugosa Henkel R. vilmorinii Bean; R. wilsonii Hort., not Borrer (R. rugosa × R. roxburghii (microphylla)) – One of the best primary crosses, being intermediate in habit and foliage, and having large, single, pale pink flowers 4 or 5 in. across. The fruits are greenish and bristly. It was found as a self-sown seedling in the garden of the Strasbourg Botanical Institute and described by Henri de Vilmorin in Revue Horticole 1905, p. 144. From the original hybrid Dr Hurst raised R. × micrugosa ‘Alba’ with white, fragrant flowers borne over a long period. The growth is more erect, and the foliage lighter green.
R. × paulii Rehd. (R. rugosa × ? R. arvensis). – See ‘Paulii’, p. 194.
R. kordesii H. D. Wulff – This rose, raised by the famous German breeder Wilhelm Kordes, is an interesting example – one of many now known – of how what is in effect a new species can arise in cultivation as a result of hybridisation followed by a doubling of the number of chromosomes. The parent of R. kordesii is ‘Max Graf, a very vigorous and hardy hybrid between R. rugosa and, probably, R. wichuraiana, both diploid. Herr Kordes acquired a plant as soon as ‘Max Graf was put into commerce in 1919 and, seeing its potentialities as a parent, attempted to breed from it. But, like most hybrids of R. rugosa, it proved to be sterile both in crossing and when selfed. However, two fruits were eventually obtained, from which two seedlings were raised. One of these proved to be completely fertile and was found, on cytological examination, to be tetraploid. This was named R. Kordesii in 1951. Using R. kordesii as a parent, Herr Kordes raised a group of repeat-flowering climbers with glossy, disease-resistant foliage, of which several are described in the second section (W. Kordes, in The Rose Annual 1965, pp. 99-102). | <urn:uuid:b334d428-7058-480e-b478-b1eb0ac5f8a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/rosa/rosa-rugosa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.958961 | 1,882 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Exploring The Information Technology Job Industry In Kansas City
Kansas City lies within Jackson County, Missouri. Kansas City has been famous for its jazz music and culture. Kansas City is called "City of Fountains" and "Soccer Capital of America." Kansas City enjoys a humid continental climate. Kansas City experiences significant tornadoes every year. The best time for visiting Kansas City is during May, June, and September. CareNow, Truman Medical Centers, Deloitte, The Home Depot, and Garmin are some IT organizations in Kansas City.
A Quick Understanding Of The DBA Skill Job Prerequisites
Database administrator jobs require professionals with a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science with relevant experience in handling database products. Database administrators create user-profiles and ensure system security by allocating authenticated user permissions.
Investigating The Job Responsibilities Of A DBA Candidate
The primary responsibility of database administrators is to create a backup and recovery strategy for the database, backup regularly to ensure proper usability. It is also the main responsibility of database administrators to monitor and optimize the performance of databases using automated or manual testing tools.
Evaluating The Salary Scale Of A DBAs Candidate In Kansas City
The average annual salary for certified Database administrators ranges from $48,480 to $132, 420. | <urn:uuid:12d0a7d9-e287-425e-aabd-bd3d8f5c51cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.techfetch.com/it-jobs/dba-c-kansas-city-s-mo.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.869265 | 259 | 1.648438 | 2 |
|Other name||National Union Party|
Alvan E. Bovay
|Founded||March 20, 1854|
Ripon, Wisconsin, U.S.
|Preceded by||Liberty Party|
Free Soil Party
North American Party
|Headquarters||310 First Street SE,|
Washington, D.C., 20003
|Membership||35,732,180 (2021 est.)|
|Colors||Red (since 2000)|
^ a: The GOP has been evaluated by political scientists as a conservative-liberal party.
The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (meaning Grand Old Party), is one of the two major political parties in the United States. It is the second-oldest extant political party in the United States after its rival, the Democratic Party.
In 1854, the Republican Party emerged to combat the expansion of slavery into American territories after the passing of the Kansas–Nebraska Act. The early Republican Party consisted of northern Protestants, factory workers, professionals, businessmen, prosperous farmers, and after the Civil War, former black slaves. The party had very little support from white Southerners at the time, who predominantly backed the Democratic Party in the Solid South, and from Catholics, who made up a major Democratic voting block. While both parties adopted pro-business policies in the 19th century, the early GOP was distinguished by its support for the national banking system, the gold standard, railroads, and high tariffs. The party opposed the expansion of slavery before 1861 and led the fight to destroy the Confederate States of America (1861–1865). While the Republican Party had almost no presence in the Southern United States at its inception, it was very successful in the Northern United States, where by 1858 it had enlisted former Whigs and former Free Soil Democrats to form majorities in nearly every Northern state.
With the election of its first president, Abraham Lincoln, in 1860, the Party's success in guiding the Union to victory in the American Civil War, and the Party's role in the abolition of slavery, the Republican Party largely dominated the national political scene until 1932. In 1912, former Republican president Theodore Roosevelt formed the Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party after being rejected by the GOP and ran unsuccessfully as a third-party presidential candidate calling for social reforms. After 1912, many Roosevelt supporters left the Republican Party, and the Party underwent an ideological shift to the right. The GOP lost its congressional majorities during the Great Depression (1929–1940); under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Democrats formed a winning New Deal coalition that was dominant from 1932 through 1964.
After the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Southern Strategy, the party's core base shifted, with the Southern states becoming more reliably Republican in presidential politics and the Northeastern states becoming more reliably Democratic. White voters increasingly identified with the Republican Party after the 1960s. Following the Supreme Court's 1973 decision in Roe v. Wade, the Republican Party opposed abortion in its party platform and grew its support among evangelicals. The Republican Party won five of the six presidential elections from 1968 to 1988. Two-term President Ronald Reagan, who held office from 1981 to 1989, was a transformative party leader. His conservative policies called for reduced social government spending and regulation, increased military spending, lower taxes, and a strong anti-Soviet Union foreign policy. Reagan's influence upon the party persisted into the next century. Since the 1990s, the Party's support has chiefly come from the South, the Great Plains, the Mountain States, and rural areas in the North. Today, it supports free market economics, social conservatism, and originalism in constitutional jurisprudence. There have been 19 Republican presidents, the most from any one political party.
The American party system had been dominated by Whigs and Democrats for decades leading up to the Civil War. But the Whig party's increasing internal divisions had made it a party of strange bedfellows by the 1850s. An ascendant anti-slavery wing clashed with a traditionalist and increasingly pro-slavery Southern wing. These divisions came to a head in the 1852 election, where Whig candidate Winfield Scott was trounced by Franklin Pierce. Southern Whigs, who had supported the prior Whig president Zachary Taylor, had been burned by Taylor and were unwilling to support another Whig. Taylor, who despite being a slaveowner, had proved notably anti-slave after campaigning neutrally on the issue. With the loss of Southern Whig support, and the loss of votes in the North to the Free Soil Party, Whigs seemed doomed. So they were, as they would never again contest a presidential election.
The final nail in the Whig coffin was the Kansas–Nebraska Act, passed by Democrats in 1854. It was also the spark that began the Republican Party, which would take in both Whigs and Free Soilers and create an anti-slavery party that the Whigs had always resisted becoming. The Act opened Kansas Territory and Nebraska Territory to slavery and future admission as slave states, thus implicitly repealing the prohibition on slavery in territory north of 36° 30′ latitude that had been part of the Missouri Compromise. This change was viewed by anti-slavery Northerners as an aggressive, expansionist maneuver by the slave-owning South. Opponents of the Act were intensely motivated and began forming a new party. The Party began as a coalition of anti-slavery Conscience Whigs such as Zachariah Chandler and Free Soilers such as Salmon P. Chase.
The first anti-Nebraska local meeting where "Republican" was suggested as a name for a new anti-slavery party was held in a Ripon, Wisconsin schoolhouse on March 20, 1854. The first statewide convention that formed a platform and nominated candidates under the Republican name was held near Jackson, Michigan, on July 6, 1854. At that convention, the party opposed the expansion of slavery into new territories and selected a statewide slate of candidates. The Midwest took the lead in forming state Republican Party tickets; apart from St. Louis and a few areas adjacent to free states, there were no efforts to organize the Party in the southern states.
New England Yankees, who dominated that region and much of upstate New York and the upper Midwest, were the strongest supporters of the new party. This was especially true for the pietistic Congregationalists and Presbyterians among them and, during the war, many Methodists and Scandinavian Lutherans. The Quakers were a small, tight-knit group that was heavily Republican. By contrast, the liturgical churches (Roman Catholic, Episcopal and German Lutheran) largely rejected the moralism of the Republican Party; most of their adherents voted Democratic.
The new Republican Party envisioned modernizing the United States, emphasizing expanded banking, more railroads and factories, and giving free western land to farmers ("free soil") as opposed to letting slave owners buy up the best properties. It vigorously argued that free market labor was superior to slavery and was the very foundation of civic virtue and true republicanism; this was the "Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men" ideology. Without using the term "containment", the Republican Party in the mid-1850s proposed a system of containing slavery. Historian James Oakes explains the strategy:
The federal government would surround the south with free states, free territories, and free waters, building what they called a 'cordon of freedom' around slavery, hemming it in until the system's own internal weaknesses forced the slave states one by one to abandon slavery.
The Republican Party launched its first national organizing convention in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on February 22, 1856. This gathering elected a governing National Executive Committee and passed resolutions calling for the repeal of laws enabling slaveholding in free territories and "resistance by Constitutional means of Slavery in any Territory," defense of anti-slavery individuals in Kansas who were coming under physical attack, and a call to "resist and overthrow the present National Administration" of Franklin Pierce, "as it is identified with the progress of the Slave power to national supremacy." Its first national nominating convention was held in June 1856 in Philadelphia. John C. Frémont ran as the first Republican nominee for President in 1856 behind the slogan "Free soil, free silver, free men, Frémont and victory!" Although Frémont's bid was unsuccessful, the party showed a strong base. It dominated in New England, New York and the northern Midwest and had a strong presence in the rest of the North. It had almost no support in the South, where it was roundly denounced in 1856–1860 as a divisive force that threatened civil war.
The Republican Party absorbed many of the previous traditions of its members, who had come from an array of political factions, including Working Men,[Note 1] Locofoco Democrats,[Note 2] Free Soil Democrats,[Note 3] Free Soil Whigs,[Note 4] anti-slavery Know Nothings,[Note 5] Conscience Whigs,[Note 6] and Temperance Reformers of both parties.[Note 7] Many Democrats who joined were rewarded with governorships,[Note 8] or seats in the U.S. Senate,[Note 9] or House of Representatives.[Note 10]
During the presidential campaign in 1860, at a time of escalating tension between the North and South, Abraham Lincoln addressed the harsh treatment of Republicans in the South in his famous Cooper Union speech:
[W]hen you speak of us Republicans, you do so only to denounce us as reptiles, or, at the best, as no better than outlaws. You will grant a hearing to pirates or murderers, but nothing like it to "Black Republicans." [...] But you will not abide the election of a Republican president! In that supposed event, you say, you will destroy the Union; and then, you say, the great crime of having destroyed it will be upon us! That is cool. A highwayman holds a pistol to my ear, and mutters through his teeth, "Stand and deliver, or I shall kill you, and then you will be a murderer!"
The election of Lincoln as president in 1860 opened a new era of Republican dominance based in the industrial North and agricultural Midwest. The Third Party System was dominated by the Republican Party (it lost the presidency only in 1884 and 1892). Lincoln proved brilliantly successful in uniting the factions of his party to fight for the Union in the Civil War. However, he usually fought the Radical Republicans who demanded harsher measures. Led by Senator William P. Fessenden and Congressman Thaddeus Stevens, Congress took the lead in economic policy, bringing in high tariffs, a new income tax, a national banking system, paper money ("Greenbacks") and enough taxes and loans to pay for the war.
Many conservative Democrats became War Democrats who had a deep belief in American nationalism and supported the war. When Lincoln added the abolition of slavery as a war goal, the Peace Democrats were energized and carried numerous state races, especially in Connecticut, Indiana and Illinois. Democrat Horatio Seymour was elected Governor of New York and immediately became a likely presidential candidate. Most of the state Republican parties accepted the antislavery goal except Kentucky.
During the Civil War, the party passed major legislation in Congress to promote rapid modernization, including a national banking system, high tariffs, the first temporary income tax (subsequently ruled constitutional in Springer v. United States), many excise taxes, paper money issued without backing ("greenbacks"), a huge national debt, homestead laws, railroads and aid to education and agriculture.
The Republicans denounced the peace-oriented Democrats as disloyal Copperheads and won enough War Democrats to maintain their majority in 1862. In 1864, they formed a coalition with many War Democrats as the National Union Party. Lincoln chose Democrat Andrew Johnson as his running mate and was easily re-elected. During the war, upper-middle-class men in major cities formed Union Leagues to promote and help finance the war effort. Following the 1864 elections, Radical Republicans Led by Charles Sumner in the Senate and Thaddeus Stevens in the House set the agenda by demanding more aggressive action against slavery and more vengeance toward the Confederates.
Under Republican congressional leadership, the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution—which banned slavery in the United States—passed the Senate in 1864 and the House in 1865; it was ratified in December 1865. In 1865, the Confederacy surrendered, ending the Civil War. Lincoln was assassinated in April 1865; following his death, Andrew Johnson took office as President of the United States.
During the post-Civil War Reconstruction era, there were major disagreements on the treatment of ex-Confederates and of former slaves, or freedmen. Johnson broke with the Radical Republicans and formed a loose alliance with moderate Republicans and Democrats. A showdown came in the Congressional elections of 1866, in which the Radicals won a sweeping victory and took full control of Reconstruction, passing key laws over the veto. Johnson was impeached by the House, but acquitted by the Senate.
With the election of Ulysses S. Grant in 1868, the Radicals had control of Congress, the party and the army and attempted to build a solid Republican base in the South using the votes of Freedmen, Scalawags and Carpetbaggers, supported directly by United States Army detachments. Republicans all across the South formed local clubs called Union Leagues that effectively mobilized the voters, discussed issues and when necessary fought off Ku Klux Klan (KKK) attacks. Thousands died on both sides.
Grant supported radical reconstruction programs in the South, the Fourteenth Amendment and equal civil and voting rights for the freedmen. Most of all he was the hero of the war veterans, who marched to his tune. The party had become so large that factionalism was inevitable; it was hastened by Grant's tolerance of high levels of corruption typified by the Whiskey Ring.
Many of the founders of the GOP joined the liberal movement, as did many powerful newspaper editors. They nominated Horace Greeley for president, who also gained the Democratic nomination, but the ticket was defeated in a landslide. The depression of 1873 energized the Democrats. They won control of the House and formed "Redeemer" coalitions which recaptured control of each southern state, in some cases using threats and violence.
Reconstruction came to an end when the contested election of 1876 was awarded by a special electoral commission to Republican Rutherford B. Hayes, who promised through the unofficial Compromise of 1877 to withdraw federal troops from control of the last three southern states. The region then became the Solid South, giving overwhelming majorities of its electoral votes and Congressional seats to the Democrats through 1964.
In terms of racial issues, Sarah Woolfolk Wiggins argues that in Alabama:
White Republicans as well as Democrats solicited black votes but reluctantly rewarded blacks with nominations for office only when necessary, even then reserving the more choice positions for whites. The results were predictable: these half-a-loaf gestures satisfied neither black nor white Republicans. The fatal weakness of the Republican Party in Alabama, as elsewhere in the South, was its inability to create a biracial political party. And while in power even briefly, they failed to protect their members from Democratic terror. Alabama Republicans were forever on the defensive, verbally and physically.
Social pressure eventually forced most Scalawags to join the conservative/Democratic Redeemer coalition. A minority persisted and, starting in the 1870s, formed the "tan" half of the "Black and Tan" Republican Party, a minority in every Southern state after 1877. This divided the party into two factions: the lily-white faction, which was practically all-white; and the biracial black-and-tan faction. In several Southern states, the "Lily Whites,” who sought to recruit white Democrats to the Republican Party, attempted to purge the Black and Tan faction or at least to reduce its influence. Among such "Lily White" leaders in the early 20th century, Arkansas' Wallace Townsend was the party's gubernatorial nominee in 1916 and 1920 and its veteran national GOP committeeman. The factionalism flared up in 1928 and 1952. The final victory of its opponent the lily-white faction came in 1964.
The party split into factions in the late 1870s. The Stalwarts, followers of Senator Roscoe Conkling, defended the spoils system. The Half-Breeds, who followed Senator James G. Blaine of Maine, pushed for reform of the civil service. Upscale reformers who opposed the spoils system altogether were called "Mugwumps.” In 1884, Mugwumps rejected James G. Blaine as corrupt and helped elect Democrat Grover Cleveland, though most returned to the party by 1888. In the run-up to the 1884 Republican National Convention, Mugwumps organized their forces in the swing states, especially New York and Massachusetts. After failing to block Blaine, many bolted to the Democrats, who had nominated reformer Grover Cleveland. Young Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge, leading reformers, refused to bolt—an action that preserved their leadership role in the GOP.
As the Northern post-war economy boomed with industry, railroads, mines and fast-growing cities as well as prosperous agriculture, the Republicans took credit and promoted policies to keep the fast growth going. The Democratic Party was largely controlled by pro-business Bourbon Democrats until 1896. The GOP supported big business generally, the gold standard, high tariffs and generous pensions for Union veterans. However, by 1890 the Republicans had agreed to the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and the Interstate Commerce Commission in response to complaints from owners of small businesses and farmers. The high McKinley Tariff of 1890 hurt the party and the Democrats swept to a landslide in the off-year elections, even defeating McKinley himself.
Foreign affairs seldom became partisan issues (except for the annexation of Hawaii, which Republicans favored and Democrats opposed). Much more salient were cultural issues. The GOP supported the pietistic Protestants (especially the Methodists, Congregationalists, Presbyterians and Scandinavian Lutherans) who demanded prohibition. That angered wet Republicans, especially German Americans, who broke ranks in 1890–1892, handing power to the Democrats.
Demographic trends aided the Democrats, as the German and Irish Catholic immigrants were mostly Democrats and outnumbered the British and Scandinavian Republicans. During the 1880s, elections were remarkably close. The Democrats usually lost, but won in 1884 and 1892. In the 1894 Congressional elections, the GOP scored the biggest landslide in its history as Democrats were blamed for the severe economic depression 1893–1897 and the violent coal and railroad strikes of 1894.
|% Dem||% GOP|
|Confessional German Lutherans||65||35|
|French Canadian Catholics||50||50|
|Less Confessional German Lutherans||45||55|
|Natives: Northern Stock|
|Free Will Baptists||20||80|
|Natives: Southern Stock (living in North)|
From 1860 to 1912, the Republicans took advantage of the association of the Democrats with "Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion.” Rum stood for the liquor interests and the tavernkeepers, in contrast to the GOP, which had a strong dry element. "Romanism" meant Roman Catholics, especially Irish Americans, who ran the Democratic Party in every big city and whom the Republicans denounced for political corruption. "Rebellion" stood for the Democrats of the Confederacy, who tried to break the Union in 1861; and the Democrats in the North, called "Copperheads,” who sympathized with them.
Demographic trends aided the Democrats, as the German and Irish Catholic immigrants were Democrats and outnumbered the British and Scandinavian Republicans. During the 1880s and 1890s, the Republicans struggled against the Democrats' efforts, winning several close elections and losing two to Grover Cleveland (in 1884 and 1892).
Religious lines were sharply drawn. Methodists, Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Scandinavian Lutherans and other pietists in the North were tightly linked to the GOP. In sharp contrast, liturgical groups, especially the Catholics, Episcopalians and German Lutherans, looked to the Democratic Party for protection from pietistic moralism, especially prohibition. Both parties cut across the class structure, with the Democrats more bottom-heavy.
Cultural issues, especially prohibition and foreign language schools became important because of the sharp religious divisions in the electorate. In the North, about 50% of the voters were pietistic Protestants (Methodists, Scandinavian Lutherans, Presbyterians, Congregationalists and Disciples of Christ) who believed the government should be used to reduce social sins, such as drinking.
Liturgical churches (Roman Catholics, German Lutherans and Episcopalians) comprised over a quarter of the vote and wanted the government to stay out of the morality business. Prohibition debates and referendums heated up politics in most states over a period of decade as national prohibition was finally passed in 1919 (repealed in 1933), serving as a major issue between the wet Democrats and the dry GOP.
The election of William McKinley in 1896 marked a resurgence of Republican dominance and was a realigning election.
Main article: Presidency of William McKinley
The Progressive Era (or "Fourth Party System") was dominated by Republican Presidents, with the sole exception of Democrat Woodrow Wilson (1913–1921). McKinley promised that high tariffs would end the severe hardship caused by the Panic of 1893 and that the GOP would guarantee a sort of pluralism in which all groups would benefit. He denounced William Jennings Bryan, the Democratic nominee, as a dangerous radical whose plans for "Free Silver" at 16–1 (or Bimetallism) would bankrupt the economy.
McKinley relied heavily on finance, railroads, industry and the middle classes for his support and cemented the Republicans as the party of business. His campaign manager, Ohio's Mark Hanna, developed a detailed plan for getting contributions from the business world and McKinley outspent his rival Democrat William Jennings Bryan by a large margin. This emphasis on business was in part reversed by Theodore Roosevelt, the presidential successor after McKinley's assassination in 1901, who engaged in trust-busting. McKinley was the first President to promote pluralism, arguing that prosperity would be shared by all ethnic and religious groups.
Main article: Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt, who became president in 1901, had the most dynamic personality of the era. Roosevelt had to contend with men like Senator Mark Hanna, whom he outmaneuvered to gain control of the convention in 1904 that renominated him and he won after promising to continue McKinley's policies. More difficult to handle was conservative House Speaker Joseph Gurney Cannon.
Roosevelt achieved modest legislative gains in terms of railroad legislation and pure food laws. He was more successful in Court, bringing antitrust suits that broke up the Northern Securities Company trust and Standard Oil. Roosevelt moved to the left in his last two years in office, but was unable to pass major Square Deal proposals. He did succeed in naming his successor, Secretary of War William Howard Taft, who easily defeated Bryan again in the 1908 presidential election.
By 1907, Roosevelt identified himself with the left-center of the Republican Party. He explained his balancing act:
Main article: Tariff in United States history
Protectionism was the ideological cement holding the Republican coalition together. High tariffs were used by Republicans to promise higher sales to business, higher wages to industrial workers, and higher demand for their crops to farmers. Progressive insurgents said it promoted monopoly. Democrats said it was a tax on the little man. It had greatest support in the Northeast, and greatest opposition in the South and West. The Midwest was the battle ground. The tariff issue was pulling the GOP apart. Roosevelt tried to postpone the issue, but Taft had to meet it head on in 1909 with the Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act. Eastern conservatives led by Nelson W. Aldrich wanted high tariffs on manufactured goods (especially woolens), while Midwesterners called for low tariffs. Aldrich outmaneuvered them by lowering the tariff on farm products, which outraged the farmers. The great battle over the high Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act in 1910 ripped the Republicans apart and set up the realignment in favor of the Democrats. Insurgent Midwesterners led by George Norris revolted against the conservatives led by Speaker Cannon. The Democrats won control of the House in 1910 as the GOP rift between insurgents and conservatives widened.
See also: 1912 United States presidential election
In 1912, Roosevelt broke with Taft, rejected Robert M. La Follette, and tried for a third term, but he was outmaneuvered by Taft and lost the nomination. The 1912 Republican National Convention turned a personal feud into an ideological split in the GOP. Politically liberal states for the first time were holding Republican primaries. Roosevelt overwhelmingly won the primaries—winning 9 out of 12 states (8 by landslide margins). Taft won only the state of Massachusetts (by a small margin); he even lost his home state of Ohio to Roosevelt. Senator Robert M. La Follette, a reformer, won two states. Through the primaries, Senator La Follette won a total of 36 delegates; President Taft won 48 delegates; and Roosevelt won 278 delegates. However 36 more conservative states did not hold primaries, but instead selected delegates via state conventions. For years Roosevelt had tried to attract Southern white Democrats to the Republican Party, and he tried to win delegates there in 1912. However Taft had the support of black Republicans in the South, and defeated Roosevelt there. Roosevelt led many (but not most) of his delegates to bolt out of the convention and created a new party (the Progressive, or "Bull Moose" ticket), in the election of 1912. Few party leaders followed him except Hiram Johnson of California. Roosevelt had the support of many notable women reformers, including Jane Addams. The Roosevelt-caused split in the Republican vote resulted in a decisive victory for Democrat Woodrow Wilson, temporarily interrupting the Republican era.
The Republicans welcomed the Progressive Era at the state and local level. The first important reform mayor was Hazen S. Pingree of Detroit (1890–1897), who was elected Governor of Michigan in 1896. In New York City, the Republicans joined nonpartisan reformers to battle Tammany Hall and elected Seth Low (1902–1903). Golden Rule Jones was first elected mayor of Toledo as a Republican in 1897, but was reelected as an independent when his party refused to renominate him. Many Republican civic leaders, following the example of Mark Hanna, were active in the National Civic Federation, which promoted urban reforms and sought to avoid wasteful strikes. North Carolina journalist William Garrott Brown tried to convince upscale white southerners of the wisdom of a strong early white Republican Party. He warned that a one party solid South system would negate democracy, encourage corruption, because the lack of prestige of the national level. Roosevelt was following his advice. However, in 1912, incumbent president Taft needed black Republican support in the South to defeat Roosevelt at the 1912 Republican national convention. Brown's campaign came to nothing, and he finally supported Woodrow Wilson in 1912.
The party controlled the presidency throughout the 1920s, running on a platform of opposition to the League of Nations, support for high tariffs, and promotion of business interests. Voters gave the GOP credit for the prosperity and Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover were resoundingly elected by landslides in 1920, 1924 and 1928. The breakaway efforts of Senator Robert M. La Follette in 1924 failed to stop a landslide for Coolidge and his movement fell apart. The Teapot Dome Scandal threatened to hurt the party, but Harding died and Coolidge blamed everything on him as the opposition splintered in 1924.
The pro-business policies of the decade seemed to produce an unprecedented prosperity—until the Wall Street Crash of 1929 heralded the Great Depression. Although the party did very well in large cities and among ethnic Catholics in presidential elections of 1920–1924, it was unable to hold those gains in 1928. By 1932, the cities—for the first time ever—had become Democratic strongholds.
Hoover was by nature an activist and attempted to do what he could to alleviate the widespread suffering caused by the Depression, but his strict adherence to what he believed were Republican principles precluded him from establishing relief directly from the federal government. The Depression cost Hoover the presidency with the 1932 landslide election of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Roosevelt's New Deal coalition controlled American politics for most of the next three decades, excepting the presidency of Republican Dwight Eisenhower 1953–1961. The Democrats made major gains in the 1930 midterm elections, giving them congressional parity (though not control) for the first time since Wilson's presidency.
Historian George H. Nash argues:
Unlike the "moderate," internationalist, largely eastern bloc of Republicans who accepted (or at least acquiesced in) some of the "Roosevelt Revolution" and the essential premises of President Truman's foreign policy, the Republican Right at heart was counterrevolutionary. Anticollectivist, anti-Communist, anti-New Deal, passionately committed to limited government, free market economics, and congressional (as opposed to executive) prerogatives, the G.O.P. conservatives were obliged from the start to wage a constant two-front war: against liberal Democrats from without and "me-too" Republicans from within.
The Old Right emerged in opposition to the New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Hoff says that "moderate Republicans and leftover Republican Progressives like Hoover composed the bulk of the Old Right by 1940, with a sprinkling of former members of the Farmer-Labor party, Non-Partisan League, and even a few midwestern prairie Socialists.”
Main article: Criticism of the New Deal
After Roosevelt took office in 1933, New Deal legislation sailed through Congress at lightning speed. In the 1934 midterm elections, ten Republican senators went down to defeat, leaving them with only 25 against 71 Democrats. The House of Representatives was also split in a similar ratio. The "Second New Deal" was heavily criticized by the Republicans in Congress, who likened it to class warfare and socialism. The volume of legislation, as well as the inability of the Republicans to block it, soon made the opposition to Roosevelt develop into bitterness and sometimes hatred for "that man in the White House.” Former President Hoover became a leading orator crusading against the New Deal, hoping unrealistically to be nominated again for president.
Most major newspaper publishers favored Republican moderate Alf Landon for president. In the nation's 15 largest cities the newspapers that editorially endorsed Landon represented 70% of the circulation. Roosevelt won 69% of the actual voters in those cities by ignoring the press and using the radio to reach voters directly.
Roosevelt carried 46 of the 48 states thanks to traditional Democrats along with newly energized labor unions, city machines and the Works Progress Administration. The realignment creating the Fifth Party System was firmly in place. Since 1928, the GOP had lost 178 House seats, 40 Senate seats and 19 governorships, though it retained a mere 89 seats in the House and 16 in the Senate.
The black vote held for Hoover in 1932, but started moving toward Roosevelt. By 1940, the majority of northern blacks were voting Democratic. Southern blacks seldom were allowed to vote, but many became Democrats. Roosevelt made sure blacks had a share in relief programs, the wartime Army and wartime defense industry, but did not challenge segregation or the denial of voting rights in the South.
Minority parties tend to factionalize and after 1936 the GOP split into a conservative faction (dominant in the West and Midwest) and a liberal faction (dominant in the Northeast)—combined with a residual base of inherited progressive Republicanism active throughout the century. In 1936, Kansas governor Alf Landon and his liberal followers defeated the Herbert Hoover faction. Landon generally supported most New Deal programs, but carried only two states in the Roosevelt landslide. The GOP was left with only 16 senators and 88 representatives to oppose the New Deal, with Massachusetts Senator Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. as the sole victor over a Democratic incumbent.
Roosevelt alienated many conservative Democrats in 1937 by his unexpected plan to "pack" the Supreme Court via the Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937. Following a sharp recession that hit early in 1938, major strikes all over the country, the CIO and AFL competing with each other for membership and Roosevelt's failed efforts to radically reorganize the Supreme Court, the Democrats were in disarray. Meanwhile, the GOP was united as they had shed their weakest members in a series of defeats since 1930. Re-energized Republicans focused attention on strong fresh candidates in major states, especially Robert A. Taft the conservative from Ohio, Earl Warren the moderate who won both the Republicans and the Democratic primaries in California and Thomas E. Dewey the crusading prosecutor from New York. The GOP comeback in the 1938 United States elections was made possible by carrying 50% of the vote outside the South, giving GOP leaders confidence it had a strong base for the 1940 presidential election.
The GOP gained 75 House seats in 1938, but were still a minority. Conservative Democrats, mostly from the South, joined with Republicans led by Senator Robert A. Taft to create the conservative coalition, which dominated domestic issues in Congress until 1964.
From 1939 through 1941, there was a sharp debate within the GOP about support for the United Kingdom as it led the fight against a much stronger Nazi Germany. Internationalists, such as Henry Stimson and Frank Knox, wanted to support Britain and isolationists, such as Robert A. Taft and Arthur Vandenberg, strongly opposed these moves as unwise for risking a war with Germany. The America First movement was a bipartisan coalition of isolationists. In 1940, a dark horse Wendell Willkie at the last minute won over the party, the delegates and was nominated. He crusaded against the inefficiencies of the New Deal and Roosevelt's break with the strong tradition against a third term, but was ambiguous on foreign policy.
The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 ended the isolationist-internationalist debate, as all factions strongly supported the war effort against Japan and Germany. The Republicans further cut the Democratic majority in the 1942 midterm elections in a very low turnout episode. With wartime production creating prosperity, the conservative coalition terminated nearly all New Deal relief programs (except Social Security) as unnecessary.
Senator Robert A. Taft of Ohio represented the wing of the party that continued to oppose New Deal reforms and continued to champion non-interventionism. Governor Thomas E. Dewey of New York, represented the Northeastern wing of the party. Dewey did not reject the New Deal programs, but demanded more efficiency, more support for economic growth and less corruption. He was more willing than Taft to support Britain in 1939–1940. After the war the isolationists wing strenuously opposed the United Nations and was half-hearted in opposition to world communism.
As a minority party, the GOP had two wings: The left-wing supported most of the New Deal while promising to run it more efficiently and the right-wing opposed the New Deal from the beginning and managed to repeal large parts during the 1940s in cooperation with conservative Southern Democrats in the conservative coalition. Liberals, led by Dewey, dominated the Northeast while conservatives, led by Taft, dominated the Midwest. The West was split and the South was still solidly Democratic.
In 1944, a clearly frail Roosevelt defeated Dewey for his fourth consecutive term, but Dewey made a good showing that would lead to his selection as the candidate in 1948.
Roosevelt died in April 1945 and Harry S. Truman, a less liberal Democrat became president and replaced most of Roosevelt's top appointees. With the end of the war, unrest among organized labor led to many strikes in 1946 and the resulting disruptions helped the GOP. With the blunders of the Truman administration in 1945 and 1946, the slogans "Had Enough?" and "To Err is Truman" became Republican rallying cries and the GOP won control of Congress for the first time since 1928, with Joseph William Martin, Jr. as Speaker of the House. The Taft–Hartley Act of 1947 was designed to balance the rights of management and labor. It was the central issue of many elections in industrial states in the 1940s to 1950s, but the unions were never able to repeal it.
In 1948, with Republicans split left and right, Truman boldly called Congress into a special session and sent it a load of liberal legislation consistent with the Dewey platform and dared them to act on it, knowing that the conservative Republicans would block action. Truman then attacked the Republican "Do-Nothing Congress" as a whipping boy for all of the nation's problems. Truman stunned Dewey and the Republicans in the election with a plurality of just over twenty-four million popular votes (out of nearly 49 million cast), but a decisive 303–189 victory in the Electoral College.
In 1952, Dwight D. Eisenhower, an internationalist allied with the Dewey wing, was drafted as a GOP candidate by a small group of Republicans led by Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. in order that he challenge Taft on foreign policy issues. The two men were not far apart on domestic issues. Eisenhower's victory broke a twenty-year Democratic lock on the White House. Eisenhower did not try to roll back the New Deal, but he did expand the Social Security system and built the Interstate Highway System.
After 1945, the isolationists in the conservative wing opposed the United Nations and were half-hearted in opposition to the expansion of Cold War containment of communism around the world. A garrison state to fight communism, they believed, would mean regimentation and government controls at home. Eisenhower defeated Taft in 1952 on foreign policy issues.
To circumvent the local Republican Party apparatus mostly controlled by Taft supporters, the Eisenhower forces created a nationwide network of grass-roots clubs, "Citizens for Eisenhower". Independents and Democrats were welcome, as the group specialized in canvassing neighborhoods and holding small group meetings. Citizens for Eisenhower hoped to revitalize the GOP by expanding its activist ranks and by supporting moderate and internationalist policies. It did not endorse candidates other than Eisenhower, but he paid it little attention after he won and it failed to maintain its impressive starting momentum. Instead the conservative Republicans became energized, leading to the Barry Goldwater nomination of 1964. Long-time Republican activists viewed the newcomers with suspicion and hostility. More significantly, activism in support of Eisenhower did not translate into enthusiasm for the party cause.
Once in office, Eisenhower was not an effective party leader and Nixon increasingly took that role. Historian David Reinhard concludes that Eisenhower lacked sustained political commitment, refused to intervene in state politics, failed to understand the political uses of presidential patronage and overestimated his personal powers of persuasion and conciliation. Eisenhower's attempt in 1956 to convert the GOP to "Modern Republicanism" was his "grandest flop". It was a vague proposal with weak staffing and little financing or publicity that caused turmoil inside the local parties across the country. The GOP carried both houses of Congress in 1952 on Eisenhower's coattails, but in 1954 lost both and would not regain the Senate until 1980 nor the House until 1994. The problem, says Reinhard, was the "voters liked Ike—but not the GOP".
Eisenhower was an exception to most Presidents in that he usually let Vice President Richard Nixon handle party affairs (controlling the national committee and taking the roles of chief spokesman and chief fundraiser). Nixon was narrowly defeated by John F. Kennedy in the 1960 United States presidential election, weakening his moderate wing of the party.
Conservatives made a comeback in 1964 under the leadership of Barry Goldwater, who defeated moderates and liberals such as Nelson Rockefeller and Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. in the Republican presidential primaries that year. Goldwater was strongly opposed to the New Deal and the United Nations, but rejected isolationism and containment, calling for an aggressive anti-communist foreign policy. In the presidential election of 1964, he was defeated by Lyndon Johnson in a landslide that brought down many senior Republican congressmen across the country. Goldwater won five states in the deep South, the strongest showing by a Republican presidential candidate in the South since 1872.
|Strength of parties in 1977|
|Party ID (Gallup)||22%||47%||31%|
|% House popular vote nationally||42%||56%||2%|
|in the East||41%||57%||2%|
|in the South||37%||62%||2%|
|in the Midwest||47%||52%||1%|
|in the West||43%||55%||2%|
|State legislature control||18||80||1[Note 11]|
|in the East||5||13||0|
|in the South||0||32||0|
|in the Midwest||5||17||1|
|in the West||8||18||0|
|States' one party control
of legislature and governorship
Since Reconstruction the white South identified with the Democratic Party. Few blacks voted after 1900. The Democratic Party's dominance was so strong that the region was called the Solid South. The Republicans controlled certain parts of the Appalachian Mountains and they sometimes did compete for statewide office in the border states. By 1964, the Democratic lock on the South remained strong, but cracks began to appear. Strom Thurmond was the most prominent Democrat to switch to the Republican Party. One long-term cause was that the region was becoming more like the rest of the nation and could not long stand apart in terms of racial segregation. Modernization brought factories, businesses and larger cities as well as millions of migrants from the North, as far more people graduated from high school and college. Meanwhile, the cotton and tobacco basis of the traditional South faded away as former farmers moved to town or commuted to factory jobs. Segregation, requiring separate dining and lodging arrangements for employees, was a serious obstacle to business development.
The highly visible immediate cause of the political transition involved civil rights. The civil rights movement caused enormous controversy in the white South with many attacking it as a violation of states' rights. When segregation was outlawed by court order and by the Civil Rights acts of 1964 and 1965, a die-hard element resisted integration, led by Democratic governors Orval Faubus of Arkansas, Lester Maddox of Georgia, Ross Barnett of Mississippi and, especially George Wallace of Alabama. These populist governors appealed to a less-educated, blue-collar electorate that on economic grounds favored the Democratic Party and supported segregation.
After passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, most Southerners accepted the integration of most institutions (except public schools). With the old barrier to becoming a Republican removed, Southerners joined the new middle class and the Northern transplants in moving toward the Republican Party. Integration thus liberated Southern politics from the old racial issues. In 1963, the federal courts declared unconstitutional the practice of excluding African-American voters from the Democratic primaries, which had been the only elections that mattered in most of the South. Meanwhile, the newly enfranchised black voters supported Democratic candidates at the 85–90% level, a shift which further convinced many white segregationists that the Republicans were no longer the black party.
The New Deal Coalition collapsed in the mid-1960s in the face of urban riots, the Vietnam War, the opposition of many Southern Democrats to desegregation and the Civil Rights Movement and disillusionment that the New Deal could be revived by Lyndon Johnson's Great Society. In the 1966 midterm elections, the Republicans made major gains in part through a challenge to the "War on Poverty." Large-scale civic unrest in the inner-city was escalating ( reaching a climax in 1968) and urban white ethnics who had been an important part of the New Deal Coalition felt abandoned by the Democratic Party's concentration on racial minorities. Republican candidates ignored more popular programs, such as Medicare or the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, and focused their attacks on less popular programs. Furthermore, Republicans made an effort to avoid the stigma of negativism and elitism that had dogged them since the days the New Deal, and instead proposed well-crafted alternatives—such as their "Opportunity Crusade." The result was a major gain of 47 House seats for the GOP in the 1966 United States House of Representatives elections that put the conservative coalition of Republicans and Southern Democrats back in business.
Nixon defeated both Hubert Humphrey and George C. Wallace in 1968. When the Democratic left took over their party in 1972, Nixon won reelection by carrying 49 states.
Nixon's involvement in Watergate brought disgrace and a forced resignation in 1974 and any long-term movement toward the GOP was interrupted by the scandal. Nixon's unelected vice president, Gerald Ford, succeeded him and gave him a full pardon, giving Democrats a powerful issue they used to sweep the 1974 off-year elections. Ford never fully recovered. In 1976, he barely defeated Ronald Reagan for the nomination. First Lady Betty Ford was notable for her liberal positions on social issues and for her work on breast cancer awareness following her mastectomy in 1974. The taint of Watergate and the nation's economic difficulties contributed to the election of Democrat Jimmy Carter in 1976.
Main article: Reagan Era
Ronald Reagan was elected president in the 1980 election by a landslide electoral vote, though he only carried 50.7 percent of the popular vote to Carter's 41% and Independent John Anderson's 6.6 percent, not predicted by most voter polling. Running on a "Peace Through Strength" platform to combat the communist threat and massive tax cuts to revitalize the economy, Reagan's strong persona proved too much for Carter. Reagan's election also gave Republicans control of the Senate for the first time since 1952, gaining 12 seats as well as 33 House seats. Voting patterns and poll result indicate that the substantial Republican victory was the consequence of poor economic performance under Carter and the Democrats and did not represent an ideological shift to the right by the electorate.
Ronald Reagan produced a major realignment with his 1980 and 1984 landslides. In 1980, the Reagan coalition was possible because of Democratic losses in most socioeconomic groups. In 1984, Reagan won nearly 60% of the popular vote and carried every state except his Democratic opponent Walter Mondale's home state of Minnesota and the District of Columbia, creating a record 525 electoral vote total (out of 538 possible votes). Even in Minnesota, Mondale won by a mere 3,761 votes, meaning Reagan came within less than 3,800 votes of winning in all fifty states.
Political commentators, trying to explain how Reagan had won by such a large margin, coined the term "Reagan Democrat" to describe a Democratic voter who had voted for Reagan in 1980 and 1984 (as well as for George H. W. Bush in 1988), producing their landslide victories. They were mostly white, blue-collar and were attracted to Reagan's social conservatism on issues such as abortion and to his hawkish foreign policy. Stan Greenberg, a Democratic pollster, concluded that Reagan Democrats no longer saw Democrats as champions of their middle class aspirations, but instead saw it as being a party working primarily for the benefit of others, especially African Americans and social liberals.
Social scientists Theodore Caplow et al. argue: "The Republican party, nationally, moved from right-center toward the center in the 1940s and 1950s, then moved right again in the 1970s and 1980s".
Reagan reoriented American politics and claimed credit in 1984 for an economic renewal—"It's morning again in America!" was the successful campaign slogan. Income taxes were slashed 25% and the upper tax rates abolished. The frustrations of stagflation were resolved under the new monetary policies of Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker, as no longer did soaring inflation and recession pull the country down. Working again in bipartisan fashion, the Social Security financial crises were resolved for the next 25 years.
In foreign affairs, bipartisanship was not in evidence. Most Democrats doggedly opposed Reagan's efforts to support the contra guerrillas against the Sandinista government of Nicaragua and to support the dictatorial governments of Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador against communist guerrilla movements. He took a hard line against the Soviet Union, alarming Democrats who wanted a nuclear freeze, but he succeeded in increasing the military budget and launching the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)—labeled "Star Wars" by its opponents—that the Soviets could not match.
Reagan fundamentally altered several long standing debates in Washington, namely dealing with the Soviet threat and reviving the economy. His election saw the conservative wing of the party gain control. While reviled by liberal opponents in his day, his proponents contend his programs provided unprecedented economic growth and spurred the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Detractors of Reagan's policies note that although Reagan promised to simultaneously slash taxes, massively increase defense spending and balance the budget, by the time he left office the nation's budget deficit had tripled in his eight years in office. In 2009, Reagan's budget director noted that the "debt explosion has resulted not from big spending by the Democrats, but instead the Republican Party's embrace, about three decades ago, of the insidious doctrine that deficits don't matter if they result from tax cuts". He inspired conservatives to greater electoral victories by being reelected in a landslide against Walter Mondale in 1984, but oversaw the loss of the Senate in 1986.
When Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in Moscow, many conservative Republicans were dubious of the growing friendship between him and Reagan. Gorbachev tried to save communism in the Soviet Union first by ending the expensive arms race with America, then in 1989 by shedding the East European empire. Communism finally collapsed in the Soviet Union in 1991.
President George H. W. Bush, Reagan's successor, tried to temper feelings of triumphalism lest there be a backlash in the Soviet Union, but the palpable sense of victory in the Cold War was a triumph that Republicans felt validated the aggressive foreign policies Reagan had espoused. As Haynes Johnson, one of his harshest critics admitted, "his greatest service was in restoring the respect of Americans for themselves and their own government after the traumas of Vietnam and Watergate, the frustration of the Iran hostage crisis and a succession of seemingly failed presidencies".
Main article: Neoconservatism
Some liberal Democratic intellectuals in the 1960s and 1970s who became disenchanted with the leftward movement of their party in domestic and foreign policy became "neoconservatives" ("neocons"). A number held major appointments during the five presidential terms under Reagan and the Bushes. They played a central role in promoting and planning the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Vice President Dick Cheney and Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, while not identifying themselves as neoconservatives, listened closely to neoconservative advisers regarding foreign policy, especially the defense of Israel, the promotion of democracy in the Middle East and the buildup of the United States Armed Forces to achieve these goals. Many early neoconservative thinkers were Zionists and wrote often for Commentary, published by the American Jewish Committee. The influence of the neocons on the White House faded during the Obama years, but it remains a staple in Republican Party arsenal.
After the election of Democratic President Bill Clinton in 1992, the Republican Party, led by House Minority Whip Newt Gingrich campaigning on a "Contract with America", were elected to majorities to both Houses of Congress in the Republican Revolution of 1994. It was the first time since 1952 that the Republicans secured control of both houses of U.S. Congress, which with the exception of the Senate during 2001–2002 was retained through 2006. This capture and subsequent holding of Congress represented a major legislative turnaround, as Democrats controlled both houses of Congress for the forty years preceding 1995, with the exception of the 1981–1987 Congress in which Republicans controlled the Senate.
In 1994, Republican Congressional candidates ran on a platform of major reforms of government with measures such as a balanced budget amendment and welfare reform. These measures and others formed the famous Contract with America, which represented the first effort to have a party platform in an off-year election. The Contract promised to bring all points up for a vote for the first time in history. The Republicans passed some of their proposals, but failed on others such as term limits.
Democratic President Bill Clinton opposed some of the social agenda initiatives, but he co-opted the proposals for welfare reform and a balanced federal budget. The result was a major change in the welfare system, which conservatives hailed and liberals bemoaned. The Republican-controlled House of Representatives failed to muster the two-thirds majority required to pass a Constitutional amendment to impose term limits on members of Congress.
In 1995, a budget battle with Clinton led to the brief shutdown of the federal government, an event which contributed to Clinton's victory in the 1996 election. That year, the Republicans nominated Bob Dole, who was unable to transfer his success in Senate leadership to a viable presidential campaign.
The incoming Republican majority's promise to slow the rate of government spending conflicted with the president's agenda for Medicare, education, the environment and public health, eventually leading to a temporary shutdown of the U.S. federal government. The shutdown became the longest-ever in U.S. history, ending when Clinton agreed to submit a CBO-approved balanced budget plan. Democratic leaders vigorously attacked Gingrich for the budget standoff and his public image suffered heavily.
During the 1998 midterm elections, Republicans lost five seats in the House of Representatives—the worst performance in 64 years for a party that did not hold the presidency. Polls showed that Gingrich's attempt to remove President Clinton from the office was widely unpopular among Americans and Gingrich suffered much of the blame for the election loss. Facing another rebellion in the House Republican Conference, he announced on November 6, 1998 that he would not only stand down as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, but would leave the House as well, even declining to take his seat for an 11th term after he was handily re-elected in his home district.
George W. Bush, son of George H. W. Bush, won the 2000 Republican presidential nomination over Arizona Senator John McCain, former senator Elizabeth Dole and others. With his highly controversial and exceedingly narrow victory in the 2000 election against the Vice President Al Gore, the Republican Party gained control of the presidency and both houses of Congress for the first time since 1952. However, it lost control of the Senate when Vermont Senator James Jeffords left the Republican Party to become an independent in 2001 and caucused with the Democrats.
In the wake of the September 11 attacks on the United States in 2001, Bush gained widespread political support as he pursued the War on Terrorism that included the invasion of Afghanistan and the invasion of Iraq. In March 2003, Bush ordered for an invasion of Iraq because of breakdown of United Nations sanctions and intelligence indicating programs to rebuild or develop new weapons of mass destruction. Bush had near-unanimous Republican support in Congress plus support from many Democratic leaders.
The Republican Party fared well in the 2002 midterm elections, solidifying its hold on the House and regaining control of the Senate in the run-up to the war in Iraq. This marked the first time since 1934 that the party in control of the White House gained seats in a midterm election in both houses of Congress (previous occasions were in 1902 and following the Civil War). Bush was renominated without opposition as the Republican candidate in the 2004 election and titled his political platform "A Safer World and a More Hopeful America".
It expressed Bush's optimism towards winning the War on Terrorism, ushering in an ownership society and building an innovative economy to compete in the world. Bush was re-elected by a larger margin than in 2000, but won the smallest share ever of the popular vote for a reelected incumbent president. However, he was the first Republican candidate since 1988 to win an outright majority. In the same election that year, the Republicans gained seats in both houses of Congress and Bush told reporters: "I earned capital in the campaign, political capital, and now I intend to spend it. It is my style".
Bush announced his agenda in January 2005, but his popularity in the polls waned and his troubles mounted. Continuing troubles in Iraq as well as the disastrous government response to Hurricane Katrina led to declining popular support for Bush's policies. His campaign to add personal savings accounts to the Social Security system and make major revisions in the tax code were postponed. He succeeded in selecting conservatives to head four of the most important agencies, Condoleezza Rice as Secretary of State, Alberto Gonzales as Attorney General, John Roberts as Chief Justice of the United States and Ben Bernanke as Chairman of the Federal Reserve.
Bush failed to win conservative approval for Harriet Miers to the Supreme Court, replacing her with Samuel Alito, whom the Senate confirmed in January 2006. Bush and McCain secured additional tax cuts and blocked moves to raise taxes. Through 2006, they strongly defended his policy in Iraq, saying the Coalition was winning. They secured the renewal of the USA PATRIOT Act.
In the November 2005 off-year elections, New York City, Republican mayoral candidate Michael Bloomberg won a landslide re-election, the fourth straight Republican victory in what is otherwise a Democratic stronghold. In California, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger failed in his effort to use the ballot initiative to enact laws the Democrats blocked in the state legislature. Scandals prompted the resignations of Congressional Republicans House Majority Leader Tom DeLay, Duke Cunningham, Mark Foley and Bob Ney. In the 2006 midterm elections, the Republicans lost control of both the House of Representatives and Senate to the Democrats in what was widely interpreted as a repudiation of the administration's war policies. Exit polling suggested that corruption was a key issue for many voters. Soon after the elections, Donald Rumsfeld resigned as secretary of defense to be replaced by Bob Gates.
In the Republican leadership elections that followed the general election, Speaker Hastert did not run and Republicans chose John Boehner of Ohio for House Minority Leader. Senators chose whip Mitch McConnell of Kentucky for Senate Minority Leader and chose their former leader Trent Lott as Senate Minority Whip by one vote over Lamar Alexander, who assumed their roles in January 2007. In the October and November gubernatorial elections of 2007, Republican Bobby Jindal won election for governor of Louisiana, Republican incumbent Governor Ernie Fletcher of Kentucky lost and Republican incumbent Governor Haley Barbour of Mississippi won re-election.
With President Bush ineligible for a third term and Vice President Dick Cheney not pursuing the party's nomination, Arizona Senator John McCain quickly emerged as the Republican Party's presidential nominee, receiving President Bush's endorsement on March 6, six months before official ratification at the 2008 Republican National Convention. On August 29, Senator McCain announced Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska as his running-mate, making her the first woman on a Republican presidential ticket. McCain surged ahead of Obama in the national polls following the nomination but amid a financial crisis and a serious economic downturn, McCain and Palin went on to lose the 2008 presidential election to Democrats Barack Obama and running mate Joe Biden.
Following the 2008 elections, the Republican Party, reeling from the loss of the presidency, Congress and key state governorships, was fractured and leaderless. Michael Steele became the first black chairman of the Republican National Committee, but was a poor fundraiser and was replaced after numerous gaffes and missteps. Republicans suffered an additional loss in the Senate in April 2009, when Arlen Specter switched to the Democratic Party, depriving the GOP of a critical 41st vote to block legislation in the Senate. The seating of Al Franken several months later effectively handed the Democrats a filibuster-proof majority, but it was short-lived as the GOP took back its 41st vote when Scott Brown won a special election in Massachusetts in early 2010.
Republicans strongly opposed Obama's 2009 economic stimulus package and 2010 health care reform bill. The Tea Party movement, formed in early 2009, provided a groundswell of conservative grassroots activism to oppose policies of the Obama administration. With an expected economic recovery being criticized as sluggish, the GOP was expected to make big gains in the 2010 midterm elections. However, establishment Republicans began to see themselves at odds with Tea Party activists, who sought to run conservative candidates in primary elections to defeat the more moderate establishment-based candidates. Incumbent senators such as Bob Bennett in Utah and Lisa Murkowski in Alaska lost primary contests in their respective states.
Republicans won back control of the House of Representatives in the November midterm election, with a net gain of 63 seats, the largest gain for either party since 1948. The GOP also picked up six seats in the Senate, falling short of retaking control in that chamber, and posted additional gains in state governor and legislative races. Boehner became Speaker of the House while McConnell remained as the Senate Minority Leader. In an interview with National Journal magazine about congressional Republican priorities, McConnell explained that "the single most important thing we want to achieve is for (Barack) Obama to be a one-term president".
After 2009, the voter base of the GOP changed in directions opposite from national trends. It became older and less Hispanic or Asian than the general population. In 2013, Jackie Calmes of The New York Times reported a dramatic shift in the power base of the party as it moved away from the Northeast and the West Coast and toward small-town America in the South and West. During the 2016 presidential election, the Republicans also gained significant support in the Midwest.
In a shift over a half-century, the party base has been transplanted from the industrial Northeast and urban centers to become rooted in the South and West, in towns and rural areas. In turn, Republicans are electing more populist, antitax and antigovernment conservatives who are less supportive — and even suspicious — of appeals from big business.
Big business, many Republicans believe, is often complicit with big government on taxes, spending and even regulations, to protect industry tax breaks and subsidies — "corporate welfare," in their view.
In February 2011, several freshmen Republican governors began proposing legislation that would diminish the power of public employee labor unions by removing or negatively affecting their right to collective bargaining, claiming that these changes were needed to cut state spending and balance the states' budgets. These actions sparked public-employee protests across the country. In Wisconsin, the veritable epicenter of the controversy, Governor Scott Walker fought off a labor-fueled recall election, becoming the first state governor in U.S. history to defeat a recall against him.
After leading a pack of minor candidates for much of 2010 and 2011, former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney, despite outmatching his opponents in both money and organization, struggled to hold on to his lead for the 2012 GOP nomination. As the presidential campaign season headed toward the voting stage in January 2012, one candidate after another surged past Romney, held the lead for a few weeks, then fell back. According to the RealClearPolitics 2012 polling index, five candidates at one time or another were the top choice of GOP voters: Texas Governor Rick Perry, motivational speaker Herman Cain, former Speaker Newt Gingrich, former senator Rick Santorum and Romney himself.
After losing to Santorum in Iowa and Gingrich in South Carolina, Romney racked up a number of wins in later contests, emerging as the eventual frontrunner after taking the lion's share of states and delegates in the crucial Super Tuesday contests, despite an embarrassing loss in the Colorado caucuses and near-upsets in the Michigan and Ohio primaries. Romney was nominated in August and chose Congressman Paul Ryan, a young advocate of drastic budget cuts, as his running mate. Throughout the summer polls showed a close race and Romney had a good first debate, but otherwise had trouble reaching out to ordinary voters. He lost to Obama 51% to 47% and instead of gaining in the Senate as expected, Republicans lost seats.
The party mood was glum in 2013 and one conservative analyst concluded:
It would be no exaggeration to say that the Republican Party has been in a state of panic since the defeat of Mitt Romney, not least because the election highlighted American demographic shifts and, relatedly, the party's failure to appeal to Hispanics, Asians, single women and young voters. Hence the Republican leadership's new willingness to pursue immigration reform, even if it angers the conservative base.
In March 2013, National Committee Chairman Reince Priebus gave a stinging postmortem on the GOP's failures in 2012, calling on the party to reinvent itself and to endorse immigration reform and said: "There's no one reason we lost. Our message was weak; our ground game was insufficient; we weren't inclusive; we were behind in both data and digital; and our primary and debate process needed improvement". Priebus proposed 219 reforms, including a $10 million marketing campaign to reach women, minorities and gays; a shorter, more controlled primary season; and better data collection and research facilities.
The party's official opposition to same-sex marriage came under attack. Meanwhile, social conservatives such as Rick Santorum and Mike Huckabee remained opposed to same-sex marriage and warned that evangelicals would desert if the GOP dropped the issue. Many leaders from different factions spoke out in 2013 on the need for a new immigration policy in the wake of election results showing a sharp move away from the GOP among Hispanics and Asians, but the Republicans in Congress could not agree on a program and nothing was done. Republicans in Congress forced a government shutdown in late 2013 after narrowly averting similar fiscal crises in 2011 and 2012.
The Tea Party fielded a number of anti-establishment candidates in the 2014 Republican primaries, but scored very few notable wins. However, they managed to unseat House Majority Leader Eric Cantor in his Virginia primary race. GOP attacks on Obama's unpopular administration resonated with voters and the party posted major gains around the country. They regained control of the Senate and increased their majorities in the House to the highest total since 1929. They took control of governorships, state legislatures and Senate seats in nearly all Southern states, except Florida and Virginia.
Great divisions in the House GOP conference were apparent after the 2014 midterm elections, with conservative members, many of them from the right-leaning Freedom Caucus, expressing dissatisfaction with congressional leadership. John Boehner's surprise announcement in September 2015 that he would step down as Speaker sent shockwaves through the House. After Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy bowed out of the race to replace Boehner due to a lack of support, House Ways and Means Chair Paul Ryan announced he would run, with the Freedom Caucus' support. Ryan was elected Speaker on October 29.
Main article: Presidency of Donald Trump
Businessman Donald Trump won the 2016 Republican primaries, representing a dramatic policy shift from traditional conservatism to an aggressively populist ideology with overtones of cultural identity politics. Numerous high-profile Republicans, including past presidential nominees like Mitt Romney, announced their opposition to Trump; some even did so after he received the GOP nomination. Much of the Republican opposition to Trump stemmed from concerns that his disdain for political correctness, his support from the ethno-nationalist alt-right, his virulent criticism of the mainstream news media, and his expressions of approval for political violence would result in the GOP losing the presidential election and lead to significant GOP losses in other races. In one of the largest upsets in American political history, Trump went on to defeat Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election.
In addition to electing Donald Trump as president, Republicans maintained a majority in the Senate, in the House, and amongst state governors in the 2016 elections. The Republican Party was slated to control 69 of 99 state legislative chambers in 2017 (the most it had held in history) and at least 33 governorships (the most it had held since 1922). The party took total control of the government (legislative chambers and governorships) in 25 states following the 2016 elections; this was the most states it had controlled since 1952.
In 2017 Donald Trump promised to use protective tariffs as a weapon to restore greatness to the economy.
Sources differ over the extent Trump dominated and "remade" the Republican Party. Some have called his control "complete", noting that the few dissenting "Never Trump" Republican elected officials retired or were defeated in primaries, that conservative media strongly supported him, and that his approval rating among self-identified Republican voters was extraordinarily high. While approval among national voters was low.
According to Trump and others, his policies differed from those of his Republican predecessors (such as Reagan) in being more oriented towards the working class, more skeptical of free trade agreements, and more isolationist and confrontational with foreign allies.
Others suggested that Trump's popularity among the Republican base did not translate into as much GOP candidate loyalty as expected. Still others opined that Republican legislation and policies during the Trump administration continued to reflect the traditional priorities of Republican donors, appointees and congressional leaders. Jeet Heer of New Republic suggested that Trump's ascendancy was the "natural evolutionary product of Republican platforms and strategies that stretch back to the very origins of modern conservatism";
Donald Trump is the first president in US history to be impeached twice. The first impeachment was in December 2019 but he was acquitted by the Senate in February 2020. The second impeachment was in January 2021 where he again was acquitted after he left office.
In the 2018 United States elections, the Republican Party lost the House of Representatives for the first time since 2011 but increased their majority in the Senate. In the 2020 United States elections, the Republican Party lost the Presidency and the Senate. Despite the loss, Donald Trump initially refused to concede and attempted to overturn the election. This culminated in the storming of the United States Capitol in 2021 as some tried to disrupt the Electoral College vote count. After the storming, Donald Trump conceded the following day that "a new administration" will take over the White House, although he has yet to concede that he lost the election. Motivated by claims of widespread election fraud in the 2020 election, Republicans initiated an effort to make voting laws more restrictive following some temporary easing of voting laws or their enforcement in that election.
In 2021, Republican-controlled state legislatures "advanced their most conservative agenda in years" and were more aggressive in doing so than previous years.
The Republican Party had a progressive element, typified in the early 20th century by Theodore Roosevelt in the 1907–1912 period (Roosevelt was more conservative at other points), Senator Robert M. La Follette, Sr. and his sons in Wisconsin (from about 1900 to 1946) and western leaders such as Senator Hiram Johnson in California, Senator George W. Norris in Nebraska, Senator Bronson M. Cutting in New Mexico, Congresswoman Jeannette Rankin in Montana and Senator William Borah in Idaho. They were generally progressive in domestic policy, supported unions and supported much of the New Deal, but were isolationist in foreign policy. This element died out by the 1940s. Outside Congress, of the leaders who supported Theodore Roosevelt in 1912, most opposed the New Deal.
Starting in the 1930s, a number of Northeastern Republicans took liberal positions regarding labor unions, spending and New Deal policies. They included Mayor Fiorello La Guardia in New York City, Governor Thomas E. Dewey of New York, Governor Earl Warren of California, Governor Harold Stassen of Minnesota, Senator Clifford P. Case of New Jersey, Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. of Massachusetts, Senator Prescott Bush of Connecticut (father and grandfather of the two Bush Presidents), Senator Jacob K. Javits of New York, Senator John Sherman Cooper of Kentucky, Senator George Aiken of Vermont, Governor and later Senator Mark Hatfield of Oregon, Governor William Scranton of Pennsylvania and Governor George W. Romney of Michigan. The most notable of them all was Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller of New York. They generally advocated a free-market, but with some level of regulation. Rockefeller required employable welfare recipients to take available jobs or job training.
While the media sometimes called them "Rockefeller Republicans", the liberal Republicans never formed an organized movement or caucus and lacked a recognized leader. They promoted economic growth and high state and federal spending while accepting high taxes and much liberal legislation, with the provision they could administer it more efficiently. They opposed the Democratic big city machines while welcoming support from labor unions and big business alike. Religion was not high on their agenda, but they were strong believers in civil rights for African Americans and women's rights and most liberals were pro-choice. They were also strong environmentalists and supporters of higher education. In foreign policy they were internationalists, throwing their support to Dwight D. Eisenhower over the conservative leader Robert A. Taft in 1952. They were often called the "Eastern Establishment" by conservatives such as Barry Goldwater. The Goldwater conservatives fought this establishment from 1960, defeated it in 1964 and eventually retired most of its members, although some became Democrats like Senator Charles Goodell, Mayor John Lindsay in New York and Chief Justice Earl Warren. President Richard Nixon adopted many of their positions, especially regarding health care, welfare spending, environmentalism and support for the arts and humanities. After Congressman John B. Anderson of Illinois bolted the party in 1980 and ran as an independent against Reagan, the liberal GOP element faded away. Their old strongholds in the Northeast are now mostly held by Democrats.
The term "Rockefeller Republican" was used 1960–1980 to designate a faction of the party holding "moderate" views similar to those of Nelson Rockefeller, governor of New York from 1959 to 1974 and vice president under President Gerald Ford in 1974–1977. Before Rockefeller, Thomas E. Dewey, governor of New York (1942–1954) and GOP presidential nominee in 1944 and 1948 was the leader. Dwight Eisenhower and his aide Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. reflected many of their views.
An important moderate leader in the 1950s was Connecticut Republican senator Prescott Bush, father and grandfather of Presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush, respectively. After Rockefeller left the national stage in 1976, this faction of the party was more often called "moderate Republicans", in contrast to the conservatives who rallied to Ronald Reagan.
Historically, Rockefeller Republicans were moderate or liberal on domestic and social policies. They favored New Deal programs, including regulation and welfare. They were supporters of civil rights. They were supported by big business on Wall Street (New York City). In fiscal policy they favored balanced budgets and relatively high tax levels to keep the budget balanced. They sought long-term economic growth through entrepreneurship, not tax cuts.
In state politics, they were strong supporters of state colleges and universities, low tuition and large research budgets. They favored infrastructure improvements, such as highway projects. In foreign policy they were internationalists and anti-communists. They felt the best way to counter communism was sponsoring economic growth (through foreign aid), maintaining a strong military and keeping close ties to NATO. Geographically their base was the Northeast, from Maine to Pennsylvania, where they had the support of major corporations and banks and worked well with labor unions.
The moderate Republicans were top-heavy, with a surplus of high visibility national leaders and a shortage of grass roots workers. Most of all they lacked the numbers, the enthusiasm and excitement the conservatives could mobilize—the moderates decided it must be an un-American level of fanaticism that drove their opponents. Doug Bailey, a senior Rockefeller aide recalled, "there was a mentality in [Rockefeller's] campaign staff that, 'Look, we have got all this money. We should be able to buy the people necessary to get this done. And you buy from the top down'". Bailey discovered that the Rockefeller team never understood that effective political organizations are empowered from the bottom up, not the top down.
Barry Goldwater crusaded against the Rockefeller Republicans, beating Rockefeller narrowly in the California primary of 1964 giving the Arizona senator, all of the California delegates and a majority at the presidential nominating convention. The election was a disaster for the conservatives, but the Goldwater activists now controlled large swaths of the GOP and they had no intention of retreating. The stage was set for a conservative takeover, based in the South and West, in opposition to the Northeast. Ronald Reagan continued in the same theme. George H. W. Bush was more closely associated with the moderates, but his son George W. Bush was firmly allied with the conservatives.
From its inception in 1854 to 1964, when Senate Republicans pushed hard for passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 against a filibuster by Senate Democrats, the GOP had a reputation for supporting blacks and minorities. In 1869, the Republican-controlled legislature in Wyoming Territory and its Republican governor John Allen Campbell made it the first jurisdiction to grant voting rights to women. In 1875, California swore in the first Hispanic governor, Republican Romualdo Pacheco. In 1916, Jeannette Rankin of Montana became the first woman in Congress—and indeed the first woman in any high level government position. In 1928, New Mexico elected the first Hispanic U.S. Senator, Republican Octaviano Larrazolo. In 1898, the first Jewish U.S. Senator elected from outside of the former Confederacy was Republican Joseph Simon of Oregon. In 1924, the first Jewish woman elected to the U.S. House of Representatives was Republican Florence Kahn of California. In 1928, the Republican U.S. Senate Majority Leader, Charles Curtis of Kansas, who grew up on the Kaw Indian reservation, became the first person of significant non-European ancestry to be elected to national office, as Vice President of the United States for Herbert Hoover.
Blacks generally identified with the GOP until the 1930s. Every African American who served in the U.S. House of Representatives before 1935 and all of the African Americans who served in the Senate before 1979, were Republicans. Frederick Douglass after the Civil War and Booker T. Washington in the early 20th century were prominent Republican spokesmen. In 1966, Edward Brooke of Massachusetts became the first African American popularly elected to the United States Senate.[Note 12]
Main article: Southern strategy
Some critics, most notably Dan Carter, have alleged that the rapid growth in Republican strength in the South came from a secretly coded message to Wallacites and segregationists that the GOP was a racist anti-black party seeking their votes. Political scientists and historians point out that the timing does not fit the Southern strategy model. Nixon carried 49 states in 1972, so he operated a successful national rather than regional strategy, but the Republican Party remained quite weak at the local and state level across the entire South for decades. Matthew Lassiter argues that Nixon's appeal was not to the Wallacites or segregationists, but rather to the rapidly emerging suburban middle-class. Many had Northern antecedents and they wanted rapid economic growth and saw the need to put backlash politics to rest. Lassiter says the Southern strategy was a "failure" for the GOP and that the Southern base of the Republican Party "always depended more on the middle-class corporate economy and on the top-down politics of racial backlash". Furthermore, "realignment in the South quote came primarily from the suburban ethos of New South metropolises such as Atlanta and Charlotte, North Carolina, not to the exportation of the working-class racial politics of the Black Belt".
The South's transition to a Republican stronghold took decades and happened incrementally, with national politics gradually influencing state and local politics. First the states started voting Republican in presidential elections—the Democrats countered that by nominating Southerners who could carry some states in the region, such as Jimmy Carter in 1976 and Bill Clinton in 1992 and 1996. However, the strategy narrowly failed with Al Gore in 2000. The states began electing Republican senators to fill open seats caused by retirements and finally governors and state legislatures changed sides. Georgia was the last state to shift to the GOP, with Republican Sonny Perdue taking the governorship in 2002. Republicans aided the process with redistricting that protected the African-American and Hispanic vote (as required by the Civil Rights laws), but split up the remaining white Democrats so that Republicans mostly would win.[dubious ]
In addition to its white middle class base, Republicans attracted strong majorities from the evangelical Christian community and from Southern pockets of traditionalist Roman Catholics in South Louisiana. The national Democratic Party's support for liberal social stances such as abortion drove many white Southerners into a Republican Party that was embracing the conservative views on these issues. Conversely, liberal voters in the northeast began to join the Democratic Party.
In 1969, Kevin Phillips argued in The Emerging Republican Majority that support from Southern whites and growth in the South, among other factors, was driving an enduring Republican electoral realignment. In the early 21st century, the South was generally solidly Republican in state elections and mostly solidly Republican in presidential contests. In 2005, political scientists Nicholas A. Valentino and David O. Sears argued that partisanship at that time was driven by disagreements on the size of government, national security and moral issues, while racial issues played a smaller role.
American conservatism is a form of classical liberalism.
Whichever way you look at it, American conservatism has embraced a great chunk of classical liberalism-so much of it that many observers have argued that American conservatism was an oxymoron; that it is basically classical liberalism in disguise.
Of course, the original conservatives had not really been conservatives either. They were merely classical liberals. It seems to be the case in American that most so-called conservatives have really been something else. This has confused not only external observers of American conservatism (be they on the European Right or on the American Left), but it has confused American conservatives as well.
Locke's classical liberalism is American conservatism, a conservatism whose core ideas went virtually unchallenged until the New Deal.
Moreover, Americans do not use the term liberalism in the same way that Europeans do. In fact, classical European liberalism more closely resembles what we (and what Americans generally) call conservatism.
The American conservative system of individualism, free markets, economic competition and deep respect for tradition...
Conservatism generally is associated with pro-business, anti-labor, and strong-national-defense stances, all of which lead to support for free trade principles.
Conservatives had a fear of Communism shared by most Americans. During this time a popular anti-Communist culture emerged in America, evident in movies, television programs, community activities, and grassroots organizations. This popular anti-Communist culture generated patriotic rallies, parades, city resolutions, and an array of anti—Communist groups concerned about Communist influence in the schools, textbooks, churches, labor unions, industry, and universities.
For most conservatives, if there is a common culprit in explaining society's descent into moral chaos, then it is relativism – the notion that there are no absolute values or standards, merely different interpretations and perspectives.
The Case for Polarized Politics: Why American Needs Social Conservatism.
More than half of all Christian right candidates attend evangelical Protestant churches, which are more theologically liberal. A relatively large number of Christian Right candidates (24 percent) are Catholics; however, when asked to describe themselves as either "progressive/liberal" or "traditional/conservative" Catholics, 88 percent of these Christian right candidates place themselves in the traditional category.
Even within the secular heartlands of Western Europe and the United States religion began to force its way into the political agenda with the emergence of the American Christian Right as a new force in social conservatism in the late 1970s and in the UK with the issue of fatwas calling for the death of British author Salman Rushdie, promoted by the publication of his book The Satanic Verses, which was declared blasphemous by Ayatollah Khomeini, Supreme Leader of Iran, in 1989.
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Joe Biden (b. Nov. 20, 1942) was Barack Obama's Democratic running mate in the 2008 Presidential election. He is currently the vice-president-elect for the United States. Biden also ran for reelection in the U.S. Senate against Christine O'Donnell (R) which he won. His replacement will be named by the Democratic governor of Delaware.
Joe Biden Articles | <urn:uuid:522a9d32-e844-486a-8afd-25888f0a0982> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://m.zimbio.com/Joe+Biden/articles?Page=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.967345 | 81 | 1.625 | 2 |
Spreadsheets, which have long been a disruptive force to enterprise IT, to some extent are the "killer" applications that helped drive the adoption of personal computers (PCs) in the enterprise. Spreadsheet products such as Lotus 1,2,3 - and early versions of Excel on the Mac - saw rapid adoption by business users. Inevitably, these users pushed the boundaries of the spreadsheet model, using spreadsheets as databases, and even to develop simple business applications. In the late ‘80s, it was typical to see corporate IT rolling out massively expensive mainframe-based solutions, while departmental users got their real work done on spreadsheets running on cheap PCs.
The more things change, the more they stay the same. Spreadsheet capabilities have changed dramatically since the early days of PC computing, but spreadsheet users continue to employ the spreadsheet as a mini-database, data-entry platform or for a myriad of other uses that corporate IT would rather they did not. Nowhere is this more clear than in the arena of business intelligence (BI). Almost all enterprises have a corporate IT solution such as Cognos or Business Objects, but end users continue to create spreadsheet-based solutions - often called "spreadmarts" - to bridge the gap between corporate and departmental business intelligence demands.
With Office 2010 and the Microsoft PowerPivot, Microsoft hopes to capitalize on the widespread use of Excel as a self-serve BI platform by providing specific features that help the Excel user capture, analyse and publish Business Intelligence data.
PowerPivot is an add-on to Excel 2010 that leverages - but does not require - new features in Sharepoint 2010 and SQL Server 2008 R2. It's not expected that the Excel PowerPivot component will require additional licensing, though to experience the full power of the solution you'd need to use the server side components delivered in SQL Server 2008R2 and SharePoint 2010. Microsoft presumably hopes to monetize Excel PowerPivot through SQL Server and PowerPoint licenses.
PowerPivot in Excel 2010 is an evolutionary improvement to the familiar Pivot Table model. Excel users can import or link to data in the usual way - via ODBC (Open Database Connectivity), or the like - and construct Pivot tables for aggregation, filtering and exploration. Excel users will find the data connectivity and basic pivot table functionality very familiar.
PowerPivot has significant performance advantages over older pivot tables, however. PowerPivot tables can take advantage of far more memory and handle much greater worksheet sizes than previous versions of Excel. On 64-bit workstations, massive amounts of memory can be utilized and enormous data sets manipulated.
The PowerPivot interface also includes some useful new capabilities, such as the "slice" capability that allows real time drilldown into subsets of the data. Furthermore, PowerPivot allows the combination of multiple views of the data on a single dashboard-like page. Data Analysis eXpressions (DAX) includes more powerful functions for BI type data manipulations, including iterative expressions, grouping, linking, and filtering.
The full promise of PowerPivot is realized when the Excel plug-in is combined with SQL Server PowerPivot for SharePoint. When these server components are present, analyses developed in Excel can be published to SharePoint, refreshed at regular intervals and accessed in a browser without the need for Excel. In this way, business users can construct fairly attractive BI dashboards without the need for sophisticated programming.
PowerPivot doesn't claim to solve the "corporate" BI goals of Cognos or Business Objects. These tools are designed to solve corporate requirements where consistency and compliance are more important than flexibility. But, for people who use Excel to perform department-level BI, PowerPivot should be a very welcome innovation. | <urn:uuid:e4048585-c781-40f2-826d-a62954e6a98e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dbta.com/Columns/Applications-Insight/Microsoft-PowerPivot-Adds-to-Excels-BI-capabilities-66369.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.905976 | 772 | 1.726563 | 2 |
When it comes to food energy intake, most people are often concerned with figuring out their calorie deficit so they may shed any excess weight that they are carrying. While this is important information to have, not everyone is looking to lose weight. Some are quite comfortable with where they are and would like to know how to find maintenance calories to keep them at their current weight.
While the issue of maintenance calories may not be as widely discussed as that of caloric deficit it is no less important. Finding out your calories to maintain weight is a good way to keep you on track with your fitness goals, ensuring that you do not lose any more weight or gain any extra unwanted pounds.
What Are Calories And Why Are They Important?
Before digging more into how to accurately find maintenance calories, it is first important for you to understand what a calorie is, what a calorie deficit is and what are maintenance calories:
- Calorie. This is a unit of energy that equates to the approximate amount of energy required to raise one gram of water by one degree Celsius (6).
- Calorie deficit. Also known as an energy deficit, it is when you consume less food energy intake than what your body requires on a day to day basis. The main reason why people do this is to help them shed a few extra pounds.
- Maintenance calories. According to healthline.com, maintenance calories are the exact number of calories your body needs to support energy expenditure. In layman’s terms, these are the exact number of calories that you need to consume to prevent any weight loss or gain – this number serves to maintain the current state.
What Factors Determine Your Daily Calorie Intake?
Another thing to realize before figuring out how to accurately find maintenance calories, is the simple fact that daily food energy intake differs from person to person. When it comes to daily calorie intake, there are multiple factors that affect how much food energy intake a person requires. Some of these factors have been outlined in the 2015 – 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and they include (1):
- Age. Children, teens, as well as young adults often require more energy not only because they are still growing and developing, but also because more often than not they are more active and have faster metabolisms than older people.
- Height. Shorter people need fewer calories than taller people to maintain their weight (3).
- Gender/Sex. According to a 2000 study by the Journal of Applied Physiology, on average, men have about 36 percent more skeletal muscle than women (8). This excess muscle contributes to males having a higher basal metabolic rate which means they burn more calories than women just through usual bodily processes and functions.
- Activity level. The more active you are, the more food you need to consume for your body to have enough energy to help you keep up with your daily activities.
- Body size and composition. The larger and heavier you are, the more food energy intake you will require as compared to a smaller person.
Some other factors that can affect this include:
- Occupation. People with more physically demanding jobs need to eat more than those who spend their days stuck behind a desk.
- Illness. Sick people may be required to eat more than usual, not only to give their bodies the energy required to recover, but also to give them important disease fighting nutrients.
- Special needs. Pregnant and breastfeeding women will often eat more than others their age and weight as they need to provide enough food and nutrients for their foetus or infant. The CDC recommends an additional 450 to 500 kilocalories (kcal) of healthy food calories per day for breastfeeding mothers (7).
Whether you’re looking to simply pep up your fitness routine, jazz up your diet with mouth-watering low-calorie recipes or want to get your act together and significantly drop that number on your scale – BetterMe app has got you covered! Improve your body and revamp your life with us!
How To Find My Optimal Maintenance Calories?
While the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics states that the daily estimated calorie intake range for men and women is from 2,000 to 3,200 per day and from 1,600 to 2,200 per day, respectively, the numbers give too wide a range for anyone to use them as their maintenance calories (5).
For you to find out how much food energy intake you need to maintain your current weight, the simplest way to do this is by using an online calorie maintenance calculator. If you are wondering ‘how to find my maintenance calories’ using this online calculator, the steps are quite simple. You will be required to enter:
- Your age in years
- Height (in feet and inches if using US units or in centimeters if using metric units)
- Weight (in pounds if on US units or kgs if using metric units)
- Level of usual/weekly physical activity – which ranges from inactive/sedentary to very active. Some sites will also have the option to just use your BMR for this.
Once all this is filled in, the site will do the math for you and give you a close estimate of what your maintenance calories should be.
How To Find Maintenance Calories By Hand?
If you are not looking to have some site do the calculations for you, then you can opt to get a pen and paper and find your ideal food energy intake to remain at the same weight. To do this you will be required to first determine your basal metabolic rate (BMR) and then your total daily energy expenditure.
Over the years, scientists have come up with multiple BMR calculations but as of today only three – Harris-Benedict, WHO/FAO/ONU and Mifflin-St Jeor (MJ) methods – are commonly used. Despite their common use, however, it is important to note that scientific groups continue to debate on which of these three is the most accurate equation to offer the best results (4, 2).
To help you decipher how to find maintenance calories, we are going to be showing you the Revised Harris-Benedict equation and the Mifflin-St Jeor Formula:
- Revised Harris-Benedict equation for men = 88.4 + (13.4 x weight in kg) + (4.8 x height in cm) – (5.68 x age in years)
- Revised Harris-Benedict equation for women = 447.6 + (9.25 x weight in kg) + (3.10 x height in cm) – (4.33 x age in years)
- Mifflin-St Jeor Formula For Men = (9.99 x weight in kg) + (6.25 x height in centimeters) – (4.92 x age) + 5
- Mifflin-St Jeor Formula For Women = (9.99 x weight in kilograms) + (6.25 x height in centimeters) – (4.92 x age) – 161
Using either one of these calculations helps you find your BMR, but this is not all. To obtain a more realistic value for maintaining your current weight you will have to find your total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) by including your daily activity levels in the calculations. Here is how to do it:
- Sedentary lifestyle (very little to no exercise) = BMR x 1.2
- Lightly active (light exercise/sports activity for 1-3 days/week) = BMR x 1.375
- Moderately active (moderate exercise/sports events 6-7 days/week) = BMR x 1.55
- Very active (hard exercise every day, or exercising 2x/day) = BMR x 1.725
- Extra active (hard exercise 2 or more times per day, athletes, professional sportsmen and women, etc.) = BMR x 1.9
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How To Find Your Maintenance Calories Women: Why Is The Formula Different For Men And Women?
As you have seen above, while the Revised Harris-Benedict equation and the Mifflin-St Jeor Formula use the same variables in determining BMR (age, weight, and height) the formulas are quite distinct in differentiating between men and women. Even online calorie calculators will require you to input your gender before telling you what your maintenance calories should be.
So, why is this?
The matter goes back to the simple fact that men and women are built differently, especially in terms of muscle. As seen above in the 2000 study by the Journal of Applied Physiology, men have significantly more muscle than women.
Not only does the extra muscle make them stronger physically, but it also means that their bodies store less fat and burn calories much faster than women’s bodies. At the end of the day even if a man and a woman are of the same age, weigh the same, are probably the same height, and may even do the same exercises, the woman cannot consume the same food energy intake as the man. She would end up gaining weight while he remained the same weight.
How To Find Your Maintenance Calories Bodybuilding?
A bodybuilder who wishes to maintain his weight and not risk cutting or bulking will still use the same methods listed above. These equations work not only for normal people, but also for athletes as well.
An important fact to note, however, is that maintenance calories are not set in stone. Because they rely on many different factors – and especially your physical activity level, you do have to calculate them periodically but most especially, if you change how much you workout per day/week.
The Bottom Line
Figuring out how to find your maintenance calories is not as hard as one may think, especially with the easy use of an online calorie maintenance calculator. If you have reached your ideal weight and would like to stay the same, be sure to do these simple calculations and find out exactly how much food energy you need per day to keep your hard earned results.
This article is intended for general informational purposes only and does not address individual circumstances. It is not a substitute for professional advice or help and should not be relied on to make decisions of any kind. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any medical conditions. Any action you take upon the information presented in this article is strictly at your own risk and responsibility!
- 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines (n.d., health.gov)
- Analysis of Predictive Equations for Estimating Resting Energy Expenditure in a Large Cohort of Morbidly Obese Patients (2018, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
- Body mass index is increasing faster among taller persons (2008, academic.oup.com)
- Comparison of predictive equations for resting metabolic rate in healthy nonobese and obese adults: a systematic review (2005, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
- How Many Calories Do Adults Need? (2021, eatright.org)
- Illustrated Glossary of Organic Chemistry (n.d., chem.ucla.edu)
- Maternal Diet (2020, cdc.gov)
- Skeletal muscle mass and distribution in 468 men and women aged 18–88 yr (2000, journals.physiology.org) | <urn:uuid:8fe26727-d7a1-4db2-b1d4-073266898ac8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://betterme.world/articles/how-to-find-maintenance-calories/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936611 | 2,410 | 2.9375 | 3 |
It doesn't matter what you do, he said, so long as you change something from the way it was before you touched it into something that's like you after you take your hands away. The difference between the man who just cuts lawns and a real gardener is in the touching, he said. The lawn-cutter might just as well not have been there at all; the gardener will be there a lifetime.”
When I read that Ray Bradbury passed away earlier this week, I teared up. I know that might sound silly to some of you, but I have a deep connection to some of Bradbury's work. Fahrenheit 451 is definitely one of my favorite books. It inspires me every time I read it, and I cherish my copy from when I was in 7th grade.
The year I was in the 7th grade, my family moved across town, and I went to a new school. It was a bit of a hard time for me, and that year was fraught with difficulties. I had to make new friends, figure out a way to fit in, and learn the ropes of a new school. That year was harder and more emotional when a friend was shot and killed by her brother halfway through the year. We all struggled with it, and as it was my first experience with death, I didn't know how to really handle it.
It was a just a couple weeks later that we were assigned a reading project for English class. I was wandering around the library when my teacher, Mrs. Fitzgerald, stopped me to talk to me about what book I was going to choose. I think she was surprised that I hadn't picked yet, that I was unsure. Truth was that I was still struggling to handle all of the change in my life, and Laura's death was still having a huge impact on me. I remember that we talked for a moment before she told me that she had the perfect book-one that would help me become inspired again. She handed me a copy of Fahrenheit 451.
It might seem like an odd choice, but it was what I needed. Something about Bradbury's book inspired me and helped me come to terms with the idea of life and death, of being born and reborn. I became a girl obsessed-learning more about the power of the phoenix, a symbol Bradbury uses throughout the book. I ended up getting my own copy of the book and reread it often as I grew older, finding more and more to love in it with each read.
Near the end of my college career, we had to develop a unit plan on a book of our choice. I picked Fahrenheit 451. It was a book that I knew I wanted to share with teenagers at some point in my life. It changed me and helped heal me. Seeing it on my shelf reminds me of that.
Bradbury and his work has meant more to me than many of the authors on my shelves. I felt that he spoke to me and helped me understand the importance of leaving behind memories of myself that would make me proud.
I will certainly miss him, but I know that I will be sure to share his stories with students so that they may be as inspired, and saved, as I have been.
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Passover is officially upon us, and for many Jewish people practicing social distancing without friends or family, the first holiday in isolation is hitting particularly hard. My family has never been much for Jewish tradition, which is why I’ve always relied on friends to include me in their Passover seders; as I chug Manischewitz, eat matzo, and make chitchat with their elderly family members, I feel like I’m part of something bigger than myself.
Luckily for me and other members of the tribe who must celebrate Passover solo, a group of celebrities—including Ben Platt, Billy Porter, Andy Cohen, Idina Menzel, Henry Winkler, Josh Groban, Billy Eichner, and more—is hosting a virtual online seder this Saturday at 8 p.m. ET.
The seder will, according to tradition, tell the biblical story of the Exodus from Egypt—helped along by comedy and music—and will raise money to help first responders fighting the coronavirus pandemic. “In a time of confinement and uncertainty, a rag-tag team of Jews and non-Jewish Passover enthusiasts felt it was more important than ever to channel creative energies and gather community,” said head writer Alex Edelman in a statement.
Of course, celebrities aren’t the only ones virtually celebrating Passover; Twitter proves that quarantine isn’t stopping regular people from putting together pared-down seders, even if they don’t look quite like they did in the old country. (Yes, I’m currently imagining explaining Zoom to my ancestors on the Russian shtetl.) | <urn:uuid:1df63730-3ed8-4189-a889-802da9397a5a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vogue.com/article/billy-porter-idina-menzel-andy-cohen-passover-seder-zoom-charity | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.929219 | 343 | 1.5 | 2 |
In a marriage of two disciplines that don’t often overlap — politics and medicine — a study by Matthew Gabel, PhD, professor of political science in Arts & Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis, finds that group consensus is an effective method for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease.
Unlike many diseases, Alzheimer’s — a condition affecting 4.5 million Americans — is a condition for which there is no diagnostic biomarker, such as a blood test. While there is evidence that PET and MRI scans can diagnose or predict Alzheimer’s, physicians typically make a clinical subjective diagnosis based on family testimony and testing the patient’s memory and other cognitive skills.
In a study published in the December 2010 issue of the Archives of Neurology, Gabel and his colleagues found that a particular consensus panel called the modified Delphi was generally more accurate than individual experts when considering conventional diagnostic information.
Distinguishing Alzheimer’s from frontotemporal dementia (FTD) was the panel’s primary task. An accurate diagnosis is critical for patients and their loved ones, because mistaking Alzheimer’s for another form of dementia can result in unnecessary treatments and the inability to prepare for the progression of the disease.
“Alzheimer’s is a long-term, devastating disease not just for the patient but for the family. If you don’t know why your loved one is now yelling at you at 5 p.m. every day, for example, it’s extremely stressful,” Gabel says. “If you don’t know what’s coming, as a family member, the odds escalate that you will get divorced, go bankrupt or have your own major health problems.”
Method compares to gold standard of diagnosis
The study consisted of two six-person physician panels, one made of experts in dementia diagnosis, the second consisting of trainees. Panelists considered clinical information as well as fludeoxyglucose F18 positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) images for 45 now-deceased patients.
In keeping with the modified Delphi method, each member first offered an anonymous individual opinion, the results of which were tallied and then revealed to the panelists. After discussion, the panelists attempted to reach a consensus. If they were unsuccessful, dialogue continued until a consensus opinion emerged.
It was up to the panels to determine if “consensus” meant complete agreement among all members or a simple majority.
The consensus opinion was then checked against autopsy results that serve as the only definitive diagnosis for Alzheimer’s, but are, of course, not an option for living patients.
“Using a modified Delphi protocol to arrive at a consensus diagnosis is a reasonable substitute for pathologic information,” Gabel wrote in the study. “This protocol improves diagnostic accuracy and certainty when panelist judgments differ and is easily adapted to other research and clinical settings while avoiding the potential pitfalls of group decision making.”
One setting in which Gabel’s findings will provide enhancement is in scientific drug trials in which he collaborates with neurologists to develop medications to slow the onset of Alzheimer’s in at-risk patients. A key determination in those trials is whether or not subjects have developed Alzheimer’s.
“The whole study hinges on getting that decision right,” Gabel says.
The findings also have important applications for other diseases for which there is no definitive test.
“I think there are pretty clear implications this could help advance the quality of Americans’ health and American health policy,” Gabel says.
An unexpected turn
Gabel never expected that his social science career world lead to his being published not just once but twice in a medical journal. His ongoing work in dementia diagnosis was sparked by his 1996 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Scholars Program award, connecting social scientists such as political scientists, sociologists and economists to medical issues.
“I’m a guy who had no agenda to do any research having to do with American health policy or any health policy,” Gabel says. “I went into the program and I was exposed to studies on consensus panels that piqued my curiosity.”
Previous consensus-panel researchers began with an assumption that two heads are better than one.
“But they stopped at that,” Gabel says. “I wanted to know if anybody had ever examined the effectiveness of these panels.”
Gabel envisions future studies that will dig deeper into the reasons why panelists make different errors in diagnosis, since these differences improve panel decision making.
“What’s the source of their differences? Is it because they trained in different regions and had different types of patients? Is it because they trained under a particular person? Is it because they’re a psychiatrist versus a neurologist?” Gabel asks. “What we want on a panel are people who make mistakes for different reasons.”
Gabel earned a doctorate in political science from the University of Rochester in 1994. He also completed a master’s degree in advanced European studies at the College of Europe in Brugge, Belgium. He spent 1996-98 at the University of Michigan as a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Scholar in Health Policy Research, and he was awarded a 2010 fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation.
His research interests include the political economy of European integration, comparative democratic processes and American health policy. He also is associate editor of the journal European Union Politics. | <urn:uuid:f0743904-8218-46d1-b56c-db8f9ad67f28> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://source.wustl.edu/2011/01/many-heads-better-than-one-in-alzheimers-diagnosis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.957317 | 1,157 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Changes in invasive pneumococcal disease serotypes in a regional area of Australia following three years of 7vPCV introduction
Background: Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a serious bacterial disease. Vaccination can prevent disease for many of the current serotypes. The aim of this investigation was to describe the notification rates of IPD in a regional area of Australia, explore changes in rates since the introduction of the population vaccine programmes in 2005 and to describe changes in the distribution of serotypes in relation to the available vaccines after three years.
Methods: Annualized IPD notification rates were calculated for residents of a regional area in northern New South Wales. Rates were analysed according to serotypes covered by available vaccines. Changes in serotypes were compared for the periods 2002–2004 and 2008–2010.
Results: The annualized notification rate of IPD in all ages for the period 2002–2004 was 13.7 per 100 000 population, and 8.3 per 100 000 population for the period 2008–2010 (rate ratio [RR], 0.61, confidence interval [CI]: 0.51–0.72). The largest decline was observed in 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vPCV) types across all age groups (RR, 0.17, CI: 0.12–0.24) and in the zero to four year age group (RR, 0.03, CI: 0.01–0.11). The six serotypes included in the new 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, but not in the 7vPCV, accounted for 40.6% of IPD cases in the zero to four year age group during the period of 2008–2010.
Discussion: The introduction of 7vPCV significantly reduced the overall notification rate of IPD caused by the serotypes contained in this vaccine. This decline in IPD rates in children can be directly attributed to the use of 7vPCV, and in adults it is most likely an indirect effect of the 7vPCV programme in children.
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The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained on the website is complete and correct and shall not be liable whatsoever for any damages incurred as a result of its use. | <urn:uuid:47424f84-e26a-470e-b739-ff456411c062> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ojs.wpro.who.int/ojs/index.php/wpsar/article/view/145 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.909394 | 1,084 | 2.015625 | 2 |
House Bill 844
(As Sent to Governor)
AN ACT TO CREATE THE MISSISSIPPI VEHICLE PROTECTION PRODUCT ACT; TO DEFINE CERTAIN TERMS FOR THE PURPOSE OF THIS ACT; TO PROVIDE THAT VEHICLE PROTECTION DEVICE, SYSTEM OR SERVICE THAT IS SOLD IN THIS STATE WITH A WARRANTY MUST MEET CERTAIN REQUIREMENTS PRESCRIBED BY THIS ACT; TO PROVIDE THAT VEHICLE PROTECTION WARRANTIES ARE NOT CONTRACTS OF INSURANCE AND ARE EXEMPT FROM THE LAW REGULATING INSURANCE; TO REQUIRE WARRANTORS OF VEHICLE PROTECTION PRODUCTS TO REGISTER WITH THE MOTOR VEHICLE COMMISSION; TO REQUIRE CERTAIN FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OR WARRANTY REIMBURSEMENTS TO BE MAINTAINED BY A WARRANTOR; TO REQUIRE WARRANTORS TO DISCLOSE CERTAIN INFORMATION TO THE WARRANTY HOLDER; TO PROHIBIT CERTAIN ACTS OF WARRANTORS; TO REQUIRE WARRANTORS TO RETAIN AN ACCURATE RECORD OF ACCOUNTS, BOOKS AND RECORDS CONCERNING TRANSACTIONS REGULATED BY THIS ACT; TO AUTHORIZE THE MOTOR VEHICLE COMMISSION TO ESTABLISH CERTAIN ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTIONS AND IMPOSE PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS OF THIS ACT; TO AUTHORIZE THE MOTOR VEHICLE COMMISSION TO ADOPT RULES AND REGULATIONS RELATING TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS ACT; AND FOR RELATED PURPOSES. BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI:
This act shall be known and may be cited as the "Mississippi Vehicle Protection Product Act."
As used in this section:
- "Administrator" means a third party other than the warrantor who is designated by the warrantor to be responsible for the administration of vehicle protection product warranties.
- "Motor Vehicle Commission" means the Mississippi Motor Vehicle Commission.
- "Incidental costs" means expenses specified in the warranty incurred by the warranty holder related to the failure of the vehicle protection product to perform as provided in the warranty. Incidental costs may include, without limitation, insurance policy deductibles, rental vehicle charges, the difference between the actual value of the stolen vehicle at the time of theft and the cost of a replacement vehicle, sales taxes, registration fees, transaction fees and mechanical inspection fees.
- The term "vehicle protection device, system or service" shall include, without limitation, alarm systems, body part marking products, steering locks, window etch products, pedal and ignition locks, fuel and ignition kill switches and electronic, radio and satellite tracking devices.
- "Vehicle protection product warranty" or "warranty" means a written agreement by a warrantor that provides that if the vehicle protection product fails to prevent loss or damage to a vehicle from a specific cause, then the warranty holder shall be paid specified incidental costs by the warrantor as a result of the failure of the vehicle protection product to perform pursuant to the terms of the warranty.
- "Vehicle protection product warrantor" or "warrantor" means a person who is contractually obligated to the warranty holder under the terms of the vehicle protection product warranty agreement. "Warrantor" does not include an authorized insurer.
- "Warranty holder" means the person who purchases a vehicle protection product or who is a permitted transferee.
- "Warranty reimbursement insurance policy" means a policy of insurance that is issued to the vehicle protection product warrantor to provide reimbursement to the warrantor or to pay on behalf of the warrantor all covered contractual obligations incurred by the warrantor under the terms and conditions of the insured vehicle protection product warranties sold by the warrantor.
- No vehicle protection product may be sold or offered for sale in this state unless the seller, warrantor and administrator, if any, comply with the provisions of this act.
- A vehicle protection product warranty provided or sold in compliance with this act is not a contract of insurance.
- Warranties, indemnity agreements and guarantees that are not provided as a part of a vehicle protection product are not subject to the provisions of this act.
- A person may not operate as a warrantor or represent to the public that the person is a warrantor unless the person is registered with the Motor Vehicle Commission on a form prescribed by the Motor Vehicle Commission.
- Warrantor registration records shall be filed annually and shall be updated by the warrantor within thirty (30) days of any change. The registration records shall contain the following information:
- The warrantor's name, any other names under which the warrantor does business in the state, principal office address and telephone number;
- The names of the warrantor's executive officer or officers directly responsible for the warrantor's vehicle protection product business;
- The name, address and telephone number of any administrators designated by the warrantor to be responsible for the administration of vehicle protection product warranties in this state;
- A copy of the warranty reimbursement insurance policy or policies or other financial information required by Section 6 below;
- A copy of each warranty the warrantor proposes to use in this state; and
- A statement indicating under which provision of Section 5 of this act that the warrantor qualifies to do business in this state as a warrantor.
- The Motor Vehicle Commission may charge each registrant a reasonable fee to offset the cost of processing the registration and maintaining the records. Such fee shall be set by the Motor Vehicle Commission in an amount not to exceed the amount necessary to defray the Motor Vehicle Commission's expenses in administering this act.
- If a registrant fails to register by the renewal deadline, the Motor Vehicle Commission shall give the registrant written notice of the failure and the registrant will have thirty (30) days to complete the renewal of the registration before the registration is revoked. Revocation for failure to renew a registration does not require any additional notice or a hearing.
- An administrator or person who sells or solicits a sale of a vehicle protection product but who is not a warrantor shall not be required to register as a warrantor or be licensed under the insurance laws of this state to sell vehicle protection products.
- No vehicle protection product shall be sold or offered for sale in this state unless the vehicle protection product warrantor can prove financial solvency as provided under subsection (2) of this section or is insured under a warranty insurance policy meeting the following conditions in order to ensure adequate performance under the warranty:
- The warranty reimbursement insurance policy is issued by an insurer authorized to do business in this state and provides that the insurer will pay to, or on behalf of, the warrantor one hundred percent (100%) of all sums that the warrantor is legally obligated to pay according to the warrantor's contractual obligations under the warrantor's vehicle protection product warranty;
- A true and correct copy of the warranty reimbursement insurance policy has been filed with the Motor Vehicle Commission by the warrantor; and
- The policy contains the provisions required by Section 6 of this act.
- As an alternative to warranty reimbursement insurance under subsection (1) of this section, the vehicle's protection warrantor or its parent company must:
- Maintain a net worth of stockholders' equity of Fifty Million Dollars ($50,000,000.00); and
- Provide the Motor Vehicle Commission with a copy of the warrantor's or the warrantor's parent company's most recent Form 10-K or Form 20-F filed with the Securities Exchange Commission within the last calendar year or, if the warrantor does not file with the Securities Exchange Commission, a copy of the warrantor's or the warrantor's parent company's audited financial statements that shows a net worth of the warrantor or its parent company of at least Fifty Million Dollars ($50,000,000.00). If the warrantor's parent company's Form 10-K, Form 20-F or audited financial statements are filed to meet the warrantor's financial stability requirement, then the parent company shall agree to guarantee the obligations of the warrantor relating to the warranties issued by the warrantor in this state. The audited financial statements filed pursuant to this subsection shall be exempt from public disclosure under the Mississippi Public Records Act of 1983.
No warranty reimbursement insurance policy shall be issued, sold or offered for sale in this state unless the policy meets the following conditions:
- The policy states that the issuer of the policy will reimburse or pay on behalf of the vehicle protection product warrantor all covered sums which the warrantor is legally obligated to pay, or will provide all service that the warrantor is legally obligated to perform according to the warrantor's contractual obligations under the provisions of the insured warranties sold by the warrantor;
- The policy states that in the event that payment due under the terms of the warranty is not provided by the warrantor within sixty (60) days after proof of loss has been filed according to the terms of the warranty by the warranty holder, the warranty holder may file directly with the warranty reimbursement insurance company for reimbursement;
- The policy provides that a warranty reimbursement insurance company that insures a warranty shall be deemed to have received payment of the premium if the warranty holder paid for the vehicle protection product and the insurer's liability under the policy shall not be reduced or relieved by a failure of the warrantor, for any reason, to report the issuance of a warranty to the insurer; and
- The policy has the following provisions regarding cancellation of the policy:
- The issuer of a reimbursement insurance policy shall not cancel such policy until a notice of cancellation in writing has been mailed or delivered to the Motor Vehicle Commission and each insured warrantor;
- The cancellation of a reimbursement insurance policy shall not reduce the issuer's responsibility for vehicle protection products sold prior to the date of cancellation; and
- In the event an insurer cancels a policy that a warrantor has filed with the Motor Vehicle Commission, the warrantor shall do either of the following:
- "Vehicle protection product" means a vehicle protection device, system or service that:
- Is installed on or applied to a vehicle;
- Is designed to prevent loss or damage to a vehicle from a specific cause; and
- Includes a written warranty.
- Any product offered without a warranty shall not be considered a vehicle protection product and shall not be covered by the provisions of this act.
- File a copy of a new policy with the Motor Vehicle Commission, before the termination of the prior policy, provided that there is no lapse in coverage following the termination of the prior policy; or
- Discontinue acting as a warrantor as of the termination date of the policy until a new policy becomes effective and is accepted by the Motor Vehicle Commission.
- Every vehicle protection product warranty shall be written in clear, understandable language and shall be printed or typed in an easy-to-read point size and font and shall not be sold or offered for sale in the state unless the warranty:
- Contains a disclosure that reads substantially as follows: "This agreement is a product warranty and is not insurance.";
- Identifies the warrantor, the administrator (if any), the seller and the warranty holder;
- Sets forth the procedure for making a claim, including a telephone number;
- Sets forth the total purchase price and the terms under which it is to be paid, however, the purchase price is not required to be preprinted on the vehicle protection product warranty and may be negotiated with the consumer at the time of sale;
- Sets forth any terms, restrictions or conditions governing transferability of the warranty, if any;
- Conspicuously sets forth all of the obligations and duties of the warranty holder such as the duty to protect against any further damage to the vehicle, the obligation to notify the warrantor in advance of any repair or other similar requirements, if any;
- Conspicuously states the existence of a deductible amount, if any;
- Specifies the payments or performance to be provided under the warranty including payments for incidental costs, the manner of calculation or determination of payments or performance and any limitations, exceptions or exclusions;
- Sets forth the conditions on which substitution will be allowed;
- Conspicuously states that the obligations of the warrantor to the warranty holder are insured under a warranty reimbursement insurance policy;
- Conspicuously states that, in the event a warranty holder must make a claim against a party other than the warranty reimbursement insurance policy issuer, the warranty holder is entitled to make a direct claim against the insurer upon the failure of the warrantor to pay any claim or meet any obligation under the terms of the warranty within sixty (60) days after proof of loss has been filed with the warrantor; and
- Conspicuously states the name and address of the issuer of the warranty reimbursement insurance policy. This information need not be preprinted on the warranty form but may be stamped on the warranty.
- At the time of sale, the seller or warrantor shall provide to the purchaser:
- A copy of the vehicle protection product warranty; or
- A receipt or other written evidence of the purchase of the vehicle protection product and a copy of the warranty within thirty (30) days of the date of purchase.
- No vehicle protection product may be sold or offered for sale in this state unless the vehicle protection product warranty clearly states the terms and conditions governing the cancellation of the sale and warranty, if any.
- The warrantor may only cancel the warranty if the warranty holder does any of the following:
- Fails to pay for the vehicle protection product;
- Makes a material misrepresentation to the seller or warrantor;
- Commits fraud; or
- Substantially breaches the warranty holder's duties under the warranty.
- A warrantor canceling a warranty shall mail written notice of cancellation to the warranty holder at the last address of the warranty holder in the warrantor's records at least thirty (30) days prior to the effective date of the cancellation. The notice shall state the effective date of the cancellation and the reason for the cancellation.
- Unless licensed as an insurance company, a vehicle protection product warrantor shall not use in its name, contracts or literature the words "insurance," "casualty," "surety," "mutual" or any other word that is descriptive of the insurance, casualty or surety business, or that is deceptively similar to the name or description of any insurance or surety corporation or any other vehicle protection product warrantor. A warrantor may use the term "guaranty" or a similar word in the warrantor's name.
- A vehicle protection product warrantor shall not make, permit or cause any false or misleading statements, either oral or written, in connection with the sale, offer to sell or advertisement of a vehicle protection product.
- A vehicle protection product warrantor shall not permit or cause the omission of any material statement in connection with the sale, offer to sell or advertisement of a vehicle protection product.
- A vehicle protection product warrantor shall not make, permit or cause any false or misleading statements, either oral or written, about the performance required or payments that may be available under the vehicle protection product warranty.
- A vehicle protection product warrantor shall not make, permit or cause any statement or practice that has the effect of creating or maintaining a fraud.
- A vehicle protection product seller or warrantor may not require as a condition of sale or financing that a retail purchaser of a motor vehicle purchase a vehicle protection product that is not installed on the motor vehicle at the time of sale.
- All vehicle protection product warrantors shall keep accurate accounts, books and records concerning transactions regulated under this chapter.
- A vehicle protection product warrantor's accounts, books and records shall include:
- Copies of all vehicle protection product warranties;
- The name and address of each warranty holder; and
- The dates, amounts and descriptions of all receipts, claims and expenditures.
- A vehicle protection product warrantor shall retain all required accounts, books and records pertaining to each warranty holder for at least two (2) years after the specified period of coverage has expired. A warrantor discontinuing business in the state shall maintain its records until it furnishes the Motor Vehicle Commission satisfactory proof that it has discharged all obligations to warranty holders in this state.
- Vehicle protection product warrantors shall make all accounts, books and records concerning transactions regulated under this act available to the Motor Vehicle Commission for the purpose of examination.
- The Motor Vehicle Commission may conduct examinations of warrantors, administrators or other persons to enforce this act and protect warranty holders in this state. Upon request of the Motor Vehicle Commission, a warrantor shall make available to the Motor Vehicle Commission all accounts, books and records concerning vehicle protection products sold by the warrantor that are necessary to enable the Motor Vehicle Commission to reasonably determine compliance or noncompliance with this act.
- Any person or entity examined shall pay any and all appropriate and reasonable costs incurred by the Motor Vehicle Commission during the examination, including, but not limited to, the compensation of such experts, actuaries, examiners or other persons as may be contracted for by the Motor Vehicle Commission or the Motor Vehicle Commission's designated appointee for the purpose of assisting in the examination. Such compensation shall be fixed at a reasonable amount commensurate with usual compensation for like services and shall be contracted for in accordance with applicable state contracting procedures, if applicable.
- The Motor Vehicle Commission may take action that is necessary or appropriate to enforce the provisions of this act and the Motor Vehicle Commission's rules and orders and to protect warranty holders in this state. If a person or entity violates this act and the Motor Vehicle Commission reasonably believes such violation threatens to cause irreparable loss or injury to the property or business of any person or company located in this state, the Motor Vehicle Commission may:
- Issue an order directed to that warrantor to cease and desist from engaging in further acts, practices or transactions that are causing the conduct;
- Issue an order prohibiting that warrantor from selling or offering for sale vehicle protection products in violation of this act;
- Issue an order imposing a civil penalty on that warrantor; or
- Issue any combination of paragraphs (a) through (c) of this subsection, as applicable.
- The Motor Vehicle Commission may bring an action in any court of competent jurisdiction for an injunction or other appropriate relief to enjoin threatened or existing violations of this act or of the Motor Vehicle Commission's orders or rules. An action filed under this section also may seek restitution on behalf of persons aggrieved by a violation of this act or orders or rule of the Motor Vehicle Commission.
- A person or entity who is found to have violated this act or orders or rules of the Motor Vehicle Commission may be ordered to pay to the Motor Vehicle Commission a civil penalty in an amount, determined by the Motor Vehicle Commission, of not more than Five Hundred Dollars ($500.00) per violation and not more than Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000.00) in the aggregate for all violations of a similar nature. For purposes of this section, violations shall be of a similar nature if the violation consists of the same or similar course of conduct, action or practice, irrespective of the number of times the conduct, action or practice is determined to be a violation of this act.
- Any warrantor doing business in this state in accordance with this act shall be deemed to have appointed the Motor Vehicle Commission its true and lawful attorney upon whom may be served all lawful process in any action or proceeding against it.
- Any warrantor doing business in this state, operating without the authority provided by this act, shall be deemed to have appointed the Secretary of State to be its true and lawful attorney upon whom may be served all lawful process in any action or proceeding against it.
The Motor Vehicle Commission may adopt rules and regulations to establish procedures for implementing the provisions of this act as are necessary. Such rules and regulations shall include disclosures for the benefit of the warranty holder, record keeping requirements, registration fees, penalties and procedures for public complaints. Such rules and regulations shall also include the conditions under which surplus lines insurers may be rejected for the purpose of underwriting vehicle protection product warranty agreements.
This act applies to all vehicle protection products sold or offered for sale on or after July 1, 2007. The failure of any person to comply with this act before July 1, 2007, shall not be admissible in any court proceeding, administrative proceeding, arbitration or alternative dispute resolution proceeding and may not otherwise be used to prove that the action of any person or the affected vehicle protection product was unlawful or otherwise improper
The adoption of this act does not imply that a vehicle protection product warranty constituted insurance prior to the effective date of this act.
This act shall take effect and be in force from and after July 1, 2007. | <urn:uuid:111a6b8f-9c49-4680-9234-e8d07791ccc7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mmvc.ms.gov/house-bill-844-0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.908386 | 4,395 | 1.632813 | 2 |
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In a recent study published in the BMJ, researchers investigated the factors that might influence the long-distance (more than two meters) airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in real-world indoor settings, e.g., workplaces and residential apartments.
Over a short-range, i.e., under two meters, SARS-CoV-2 transmits via respiratory droplets and aerosols. However, there is a lack of evidence on whether it transmits for long distances via aerosols indoors.
Study: Long distance airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: rapid systematic review. Image Credit: NIAID
About the study
In the present study, researchers comprehensively skimmed through epidemiological observational studies and outbreak investigations published between January 2020 and July 2020 to identify places where human-to-human SARS-CoV-2 transmission most likely occurred. Two reviewers independently screened these studies using an online tool Rayyan Systems, and a third reviewer resolved discrepancies if there were any.
The data sources included Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, medRxiv, Arxiv, and the World Health Organization (WHO) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) research database. The primary study outcome was an incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection contracted through long-distance and factors influencing the same.
The quality criteria checklist comprised ten questions, with four critical questions. The researchers strictly adhered to quality assessment related to exposure of transmission routes and the validity of outcome assessment. Finally, they used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework to classify the evidence for a specific outcome as high, moderate, low, or very low certainty.
The researchers identified 18 studies, all investigating clusters of COVID-19 outbreaks across Asia, Europe, Oceania, and the United States. These studies covered indoor settings, such as apartment blocks, hotels, restaurants, buses, food processing facilities, courtrooms, offices, and singing concerts.
Seven outbreaks identified via these studies occurred between January and March 2020, i.e., the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic when community transmission was likely higher than perceived. Consequently, these studies considered only symptomatic participants as potential secondary cases. Moreover, the authors concluded that long-distance airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission likely occurred for some or all transmission events in 16 of 18 studies. More importantly, inadequate air replacement, unidirectional airflow, and activities associated with increased aerosol emissions, such as singing or speaking, increased the likelihood of long-distance aerosol transmission.
Four of 18 studies made observations based on extensive epidemiological investigations and genome sequencing. Hence, they provided solid evidence for long-distance airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The first such study was by Eichler et al.; however, they could not exclude close contact or the fomite route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission for the secondary cases. The studies by Shah et al., Groves et al., Han et al., Hwang et al., and Vernez et al. fetched limited results (could not rule out fomite completely) due to their methodological limitations. However, their findings suggested that long-distance airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission could have occurred for some if not all the events. Finally, Sarti et al. reported an uncertain prospect of long-distance airborne transmission in an office outbreak despite adequate COVID-19 measures in place.
Further, 11 of the 18 studies mentioned that masking was compulsory in the indoor settings of interest without reporting on adherence to the mask use. Due to limited information, the study reviewers could not find evidence of long-distance airborne transmission. Also, the SARS-CoV-2 transmission setting and distance over which airborne transmission was perceived to have occurred could not be graded due to the observed heterogeneity between studies.
The evidence from the current rapid systematic review was of very low certainty. It highlighted the challenges in identifying long-distance SARS-CoV-2 transmission events and their under-reporting. More importantly, it demonstrated that COVID-19 outbreaks related to long-distance airborne transmission were rare. Nevertheless, the study found evidence supporting the feasibility of airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission as an important route in indoor settings, especially in poorly ventilated spaces. Therefore, ventilation systems in indoor settings should be paid attention to when found inadequate. Also, activities like singing and loud speaking that increase aerosol emissions should be avoided in indoor public settings (e.g., pubs, restaurants).
Future outbreak investigations should deploy mixed methods, from genomic analysis to environmental assessments for robust results. Additionally, such studies should be conducted as early as possible to lessen recall bias.
- Long distance airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: rapid systematic review, Daphne Duval, Jennifer C Palmer, Isobel Tudge, Nicola Pearce-Smith, Emer O’Connell, Allan Bennett, Rachel Clark, BMJ 2022, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ bmj-2021-068743, https://www.bmj.com/content/377/bmj-2021-068743 | <urn:uuid:406c4efb-0bdb-41d9-9b82-d0b554214156> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.news-medical.net/news/20220630/Evidence-review-on-long-distance-airborne-transmission-of-SARS-CoV-2.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.926972 | 1,107 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Did you know that temperature fluctuations of just a few degrees in frozen food storage significantly impact the flavor and quality of frozen food?
The Importance of Safety and Quality in Frozen Food Storage
Quality frozen food distribution is essential for businesses that sell unique items and transfer them across states, regions, and the country.. These foods offer several benefits, including:
- More diverse menus
- Cost and labor savings
- Reduced food waste
- High nutrient retention
- Decreased spread of bacteria
Food processors and distributors have to manage their products’ temperature throughout the supply chain from production to table to ensure safety and quality. To keep your frozen food safe during the chilled food logistics process, focus on the following:
Temperature-Controlled Fulfillment and Distribution
Ensure your frozen food doesn’t thaw during travel, distribution, and fulfillment, so it’s safe to eat once it’s unfrozen. Fluctuations of even a few degrees can disastrously impact frozen foods’ flavor, color, texture, odor, and cooking performance.
Food not kept at a safe, constant temperature during transportation may have:
- Dehydration (also known as freezer burn) on food surfaces
- Breakage due to improper handling
- Frost forming inside the packaging
- Discoloration, particularly in meats
These are symptoms of a failed supply chain, resulting in wasted food and loss of trust in your supply chain providers.
To prevent inconsistent temperatures, store sensitive products in climate-controlled areas while traveling and warehouse them in temperature-controlled fulfillment centers.
Frozen foods must be held in clean and sanitary conditions during the shipping process.
Shippers must clean their equipment and trucks between shipments to ensure the safety of their frozen food. Failure to do so invites a higher risk of contamination, bacteria, and pest infestations.
Implementing Quality Freezing Methods
There are several methods of freezing food, including:
- Contact freezing
- Blast freezing
- Brine freezing
- Cryogenic freezing
But, they’re not all created equal. Blast freezing is one of the most effective frozen food storage methods because:
- It minimizes bacteria growth.
- It prevents nutrient deterioration, so your food stays full of nutrients.
- It freezes food in as little as 24 hours, whereas other methods take longer.
FW Logistics Is Your Local Cold Storage and Shipping Expert
How does your business handle frozen food storage and logistics? At FW Logistics, we pride ourselves on providing the best supply chain logistics services to meet our clients’ needs.
If you want to develop your cold supply chain plan and enhance your frozen food storage, we have a dedicated team that provides consulting and management services. We analyze your weaknesses and elevate your strengths, so that you can provide quality food for your customers.
We offer superior solutions for:
Contact us today to experience our logistics and cold storage expertise and find the right solution for your business. | <urn:uuid:2478edd8-b0e0-42a0-a1cf-db84f5845786> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fwlogistics.com/frozen-food-storage-guide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936458 | 614 | 2.5 | 2 |
If you've used the CONTOUR function, you know how easy and fast it is, but you also know that it's difficult to extract the actual polygon coordinates of the contour lines in your data. Such coordinates are needed for any calculation beyond simple contour plotting. Two examples would be (1) determining whether a particular point is within a contour line, and (2) determining the area of a region inside a contour line. This function provides that capability in a user-friendly way.
GETCON - compute coordinates of contour lines (Matlab 7 or later)
[xc,yc] = contour(X,Y,Z,v)
X,Y,Z = coordinates of a function Z=f(X,Y), where X and Y are matrices of the sort generated by meshgrid or ndgrid and Z is the value of the function of X and Y at each corresponding matrix element
v = one or optionally, more than one, contour altitude(s)
If v is a scalar:
[xc,yc] = Column vectors containing the NaN-delimited polygon(s) defining the contour slice at altitude v
If v is a vector:
[xc,yc] = Cell arrays of column vectors. Each entry cell array entry contains the NaN-delimited polygon(s) defining the contour slice at the altitude in the corresponding entry in v. For example, if v is a vector with three entries, then xc and yc will be cell arrays, each with three entries. The first cell array entry in xc and the first cell array entry in yc will each contain a vector. Those vectors are the x and y coordinates of the NaN-delimited polygons defining the contour slice at the altitude specified by the first entry in v.
(1) Version 1.0, initial writing, Michael Kleder, Sep 2005
(2) This application is VERY SENSITIVE TO MATLAB VERSION. This function is written for MATLAB 7.
(3) No warranty. Use at your own risk.
Michael Kleder (2022). Slicing 3-D data: Obtaining Coordinates of Contour Polygons (https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/8453-slicing-3-d-data-obtaining-coordinates-of-contour-polygons), MATLAB Central File Exchange. Retrieved .
MATLAB Release Compatibility
Platform CompatibilityWindows macOS Linux
Community Treasure Hunt
Find the treasures in MATLAB Central and discover how the community can help you!Start Hunting! | <urn:uuid:24c3cd98-5e51-4e60-a36a-fb555fcdb9aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://au.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/8453-slicing-3-d-data-obtaining-coordinates-of-contour-polygons?s_tid=prof_contriblnk | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.793438 | 571 | 3.140625 | 3 |
For most kids, enjoying some candy on Halloween is part of the fun – all things in moderation. But a scary thought for many parents is their children consuming so much Halloween candy that little tykes turn into sick or sleepless little monsters, says Jill Walls, assistant professor of child development at Ball State University.
“I think it’s important that parents remember that children, just as adults, are subject to the stimulating effects of chocolate and sugar, ” says Walls, a faculty member with Ball State’s Department of Family and Consumer Sciences. “If you don’t want them to be up all night long, regulate their intake of candy.”
Walls points out that chocolate contains a substance called theobromine, which can have side effects similar to caffeine. While it has less of an impact on the human central nervous system than caffeine, too much theobromine can cause sleeplessness, tremors, restlessness and anxiety. Additional side effects include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and withdrawal headaches.
“Parents of children younger than 2 years of age should find appropriate and healthy alternatives to the traditional Halloween candy, such as fresh fruit, ” says Walls, the mother of a 3-year-old girl. “For toddlers and preschoolers, I’d suggest limiting their candy. Children are starting to become more independent at this age so you can honor that by providing them with a choice of candy but limit them to a certain number of pieces. So you might say something like, ‘Tonight, you may choose two pieces of candy.’ ”
Some kids will completely forget about Halloween candy if it’s out of sight. If not, it might be best to save candy consumption for the weekends.
Want more from The Mother List? Sign up here! | <urn:uuid:b6a15ac0-e5fb-4ac0-919f-cefd47e2d2bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://themotherlist.com/much-chocolate-halloween-may-create-little-monsters/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95327 | 380 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Students in school, farmers in the field
Ayhan Teltik, the provincial director of national education in Kayseri:
“Conscious agriculture is important in food crisis and development”
KAYSERİ – Students studying agriculture at a high school in the Bunian district of Kayseri are cultivating the field with the theoretical knowledge they have learned in school. Ayhan Teltik, the provincial director of national education in Kayseri, who visited the district to examine the students’ work, said “there is a great deal of importance in agriculture in terms of food crisis and development.”
Forty-nine students studying agriculture at the Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School in Byuktujhisa in the district are practicing in the field after receiving information about spray, weed control and planting operations in the school. Students, who prepare the planting site with a tractor, complete the planting process after cleaning with a spade. Saying that the school is a great benefit especially for children whose family is farmers, Aihan Teltik, Provincial Director of National Education, said that it is important to take advantage of this opportunity to continue conscious agriculture for the students studying in the village.
Aiming to use the fields more efficiently with the education provided by the department, Ayhan Teltik, the provincial director of national education in Kayseri, said: The agricultural land has become vacant. Against the food crisis that will arise, our goal is that our children living in the villages, who are interested in this field, cultivate more consciously, so that all our villages have cultivable land, provided there is no vacancy. Our fields are used more efficiently by teaching how to plant products and teaching in our schools.We think that our students who want to pursue higher education in this field and who want to take advantage of extra points should fill the school.But the capacity of this school About 800. We invite our students to become more aware of agriculture, especially our 49 students who are here today. They have shown themselves and worked in our case. Kusum trees have been planted here and from here we will get about 5 tons of Kusum oil and it will contribute to the production of raw materials in our country. We believe that development will start from the village. We have already urbanized and we believe that development will accelerate when the young people here practice conscious agriculture and show interest in it. We believe this will solve the food crisis and we invite all our young people to our school, ”he said.
Noting that students studying in the village should choose these categories, 11th class student Hawa Nur Topchu said, “My story of entering this school, my family is already a farmer. I have inherited farming from my ancestors and grandparents. To help them. And to apply what I have learned in a more knowledgeable way to our own case. I chose this school. Here, corn is planted, beets are planted, yams are planted. Barley and wheat are also planted, but they are a little smaller. Order, if there is an anchor, we anchor it. Then the pipes are lined up. Irrigation is done, the lines are changed. Finally he said: “What our school has done for us is really great. We see activities in different places. Suitable for agriculture. I advise the students studying in the village to choose these departments, ”he said.
Mustafa Kan Basar, one of the students at the school, said they took advantage of the school and said, “I came from Sariogan district to study here. I chose this because we have a laboratory department in our school and my family is a farmer. Want and we use it ৷ “I recommend it to our friends who will come to our school I recommend it especially for farming children, “he said
Osama Mustafa, a student, said he was involved in both animal husbandry and agriculture and applied the knowledge he had learned in school to the field, adding: School because I also do animal husbandry and do field work. We get information from the school and “our department is very beautiful and unique, and people living in the village have to learn in school and do what they learn. Field, ”he said. | <urn:uuid:a831ba4e-280d-413a-95ca-0b6d3140511d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://drag2drop.com/2022/05/28/students-at-school-farmers-at-the-field-at-the-last-minute/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970787 | 886 | 2.125 | 2 |
The house built on a new site in 1822 by Thomas Lee, a Barnstaple architect, for Newton Fellowes. It was an early example in the county of an embattled Tudorstyle for a country house. It was dismantled in 1917. Now an eminently picturesque large ruin standing against the sky, surrounded by the woods of the Taw valley, like thebest of follies. Revd John Swete visited in 1796 and wrote that ‘the landscape had nothing in it of the wild, or romantic, it was a sweetly-pleasing picture, touched by the soft,
the minute, the elegant pencil of nature. Art did not seem to me to have used much of its interference in the embellishment of this little paradise.’ In 1806 Polwhele wrotethatit was ‘built about the year 1718 of brick, much increased and improved by the present possessor who has also laid out the grounds about it with much elegance and taste under the direction of the late Mr Richmond; woods well interspersed, considerable plantations and the river Taw contributing much to enrich and beautify the scene.’
White (1850) noted that ‘Old Eggesford House was the seat of the I.ords Chichester in the 17th century, and was rebuilt by W. Fellowes, Esq., in 1718, but was taken downabout 26 years ago. The present seat of the Hon. Newton Fellowes is a neat mansion, standing in the adjoining parish of Wembworthy. ’ Stockdale described it as ‘latelytaken down’. The sale particulars of 1913 particularly noted the walled kitchen gardens of three acres while that of 1914 noted the mile long drive and that the walks
were noted for the specimen trees. The Parkland survives. Within the former grounds are a nursery and garden.
Cherry & Pevsner: The Buildings of England – Devon, 1989: 352,
T Gray: The Garden History of Devon,1995: 71,
T Gray: Devon Country Houses and Gardens Engraved Vol I, 2001: 109 | <urn:uuid:0b7d5ed5-9931-412a-a09a-d72abf69d892> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://devongardenstrust.org.uk/gardens/eggesford-house | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.9701 | 441 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Expert Advisors, also known as EA, are automated trading systems written in MQL4 or MQL5 programming languages. They are designed to automate trading activities in the MetaTrader trading platform so that they perform all trading activities automatically. Orders are then sent directly to the server, stop loss, take profit and trailing stop values are managed and adjusted. Expert Advisors follow various rules or algorithms to find the right time to enter and exit the market.
Backtesting is a method of seeing how well a strategy or model would have performed in the past. Backtesting assesses the viability of a trading strategy by finding out how it would perform using historical data. If a strategy works in backtesting, it can be concluded that it will do so in the future. Nevertheless, one must always be aware that future results may not match historical results. For example, realistic backtesting is absolutely critical to whether the results are trustworthy. Furthermore, a so-called overfitting may have taken place. In this case, one has turned the parameters of the strategy until these parameters have been adjusted absolutely perfectly to the historical data and discovers that the strategy no longer works with the future data.
MetaTrader 4 (MT4) and MetaTrader 5 (MT5) are electronic trading platforms widely used by online forex traders. It was developed by MetaQuotes Software is licensed to forex brokers who provide the software to their clients.
We have often asked ourselves, what is risk and how can it be minimized? Here are a few thoughts and incentives on this.
A famous quote from Robert Kiyosaki (successful real estate investor):
"What I know makes me money. What I don't know loses me money."
Here it becomes clear, it is not so much the investment that is risky, but rather the investor who acts risky.
Warren Buffett says the following about risk:
"Risk comes from not knowing what you're doing."
Conversely, the best way to minimize risk is to invest in yourself. Only with education, knowledge and mathematics does risky action turn into a correctly assessed investment. And this is what matters, in order to be successful in the long run, a realistic risk assessment must always take place. Warren Buffet himself spends a lot of time learning and claims that he spends 80% of his day reading.
"I just sit in my office and read all day." – Warren Buffett
The Sortino ratio is a measure of the risk-adjusted return on an investment. It is a modification of the Sharpe ratio. While the Sharpe ratio takes into account the volatility of the investment, the Sortino ratio only takes into account the part of the volatility generated by downward movements. The upward movements are considered favorable and are included in the calculation with a value of zero. As a result, the volatility component responds only to the frequency of downward movements.
The Calmar ratio is a measure of the performance of investment funds such as hedge funds. It is a function of the fund's average annual total return compared to its maximum drawdown. The higher the Calmar Ratio, the better the risk-adjusted performance over a given period (often 36 months).
Sharpe ratio describes the extent to which the return on an investment exceeded the risk-free interest rate and the volatility with which this return was achieved. The Sharpe ratio can be used in retrospect for a direct comparison between different financial investments in order to make a portfolio less risky. The idea behind the Sharpe ratio is to provide a way to measure the excess return of a fund per unit of risk. In this way, it is possible to assess whether the relationship between the return and risk of a fund is positive or negative.
Like the Sharpe ratio, the return drawdown ratio is a key figure that measures the risk-return ratio of an investment. It is calculated by dividing the return achieved by the investment by its maximum drawdown over a given period. The higher the return drawdown ratio, the better the risk-return ratio.
Return drawdown ratio = r/ DD
r = investment return
DD = maximum drawdown
By definition, a virtual private server (VPS) is a virtual machine (VM) that uses the resources of a physical server and provides users with various server functionalities comparable to those of a dedicated server. In most cases, a high-performance physical machine usually hosts several virtual private servers, each of which has its own operating system (for example, Microsoft Windows Server 2012 or newer) and grants users full access via the Internet.
For trading with Expert Advisors, using VPS offers many advantages over using a computer at home. The server runs around the clock and you can use your home computer without affecting your trading. Due to these advantages we always recommend the use of VPS.
Scalping is a trading method based on real-time technical analysis. The main goal of a scalping strategy is to make small profits over a very short period of time. Often trades are open for only a few seconds to minutes. Here, for example, one takes advantage of strong and rapid changes in the market or one uses night scalping. The disadvantage is that due to the often very small profits, you have to increase the lot size. This brings the risk that losses can be very large. Especially when the market moves very fast, open trades can not be closed quickly enough, which can cause large losses. With night scalping, the often significantly larger spread must be taken into account.
Martingale belongs to a very risky and dangerous strategy where you can suffer a total loss. This strategy will even mathematically sooner or later lead to total loss. Therefore, the use of this strategy is not recommended.
Martingale is a gambling strategy that involves increasing the stake in case of a loss. Typically, the bet is even doubled in case of loss. So you bet on the occurrence of a certain event. If this does not occur, you double the bet and bet again on the occurrence of this event. This is continued until the desired event occurs.
The more trades are made with this strategy, the more likely it is to catch a long losing streak. The statistical profile of this strategy corresponds to the Taleb distribution. This means that the strategy has a payoff profile with a small positive return, but a small and very significant risk of total loss. One has here a high probability of a small profit, but a low probability of a significant loss. The expected value of this strategy is thus even rather less than zero. The risk increases exponentially with this strategy, while the payoff profile of the profit behaves only linearly.
It is human nature to prefer steadiness, continuity and predictability. We want certainty because it makes it easier to plan. We love to know what is coming.
This is also true for investing. We would prefer to always know how much return we will get for our money and that this amount will always remain the same.
This is exactly the weakness that many trading strategies, such as Martingale, exploit. It promises us regular, steady and even predictable profits. In other words, exactly what we all want. When investing, we are so obsessed with this predictability that we tend to forget that a real large loss is possible at any time. This will sooner or later wipe out all the gains and possibly even the initial deposit.
Especially for a trader it is important to be aware of this innate weakness and to slow oneself down. Therefore, stay away from dangerous strategies based on Martingale, Grid, Hedging and various hybrids.
Slippage refers to the situation when the price at which your order is executed does not match the price at which it was requested. Slippage occurs when the original price has changed during the period when your broker executes your order.
Slippage can occur at any time and basically has three causes. The first one is high volatility of the market. If there is a sudden price movement beyond, the trade might not be opened or closed in time and, for example, the stop might not be triggered at the originally set level. The second cause is a price gap in the market – this happens when the market moves seriously up or down and there is little or no trading during the rest periods. The third cause, which occurs especially in the case of market orders, is the time delay in the execution of the trade due to processing and transmission of information regarding the trade. For example, a large local distance between the trader and the broker server can cause a high ping. | <urn:uuid:c3a9c796-a46c-4b07-b06b-b6f2251decb4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.forexdecrypted.com/faq | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.953953 | 1,745 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Blue Mummy Bead Necklace
Blue Mummy Bead Necklace
ALSO AVAILABLE: Disc-shaped Mummy Beads Necklace in Silver and Gold
Above: From the Vatican Gregorian Egyptian Museum
For thousands of years, artisans in Egypt and Mesopotamia created vibrant ceramics to echo the beauty of rare jewels. Once known by the Egyptian word tjehenet or "that which shines", the bright finish is the result of a chemical process we know today as efflorescence.
Beginning with ground quartz, elements such as copper, cobalt, and magnesium are combined to form a malleable, earthy paste. When fired at temperatures over 800°C, metallic oxides migrate through the porous material, cooling at the surface, and leaving behind the rich colors and glass-like surface thought to capture the visual essence of immortality.
There are two styles of beads in the current collection:
- Barrel-shaped bead - A single barrel-shaped bead presented on a 14k Gold-Filled cable necklace. All beads in this style are blue as shown in the sample pictures.
- Disc-shaped beads - A unique assortment of beads with multiple colors, available on Sterling Silver or 14k Gold-Filled 18” cable necklaces and matching accent beads. Click here to see this version.
Each style features hand-selected Egyptian faience beads dating to the 1st Millennia BCE. The necklaces come in a decorative box and include a small information card. The card serves as the certificate of authenticity and can be found underneath the padded lining of the display box.
Please Note: While we've done our very best to ensure that each necklace is beautiful, keep in mind that each bead was handmade thousands of years ago. This means the texture, size, and condition of each bead will vary. As a result, your necklace will be absolutely unique.
Acquisition: The beads come from a private collection acquired through the Egyptian Museum in Cairo during the late 1970s. This acquisition was reviewed by a private dealer in Washington, DC who is also a member of the American Research Center in Egypt and the Association of Dealers & Collectors of Ancient & Ethnographic Art.
About Egyptian Faience
Egyptian faience is made of silica, ash, and lime. The silica came from sand or quartz pebbles, natron or ash provided the alkali, and limestone contributed the lime. Craftsmen would pulverize the materials, combining them with copper, cobalt, magnesium, and other metals to create a powder which they then made into a malleable paste. When fired, metallic oxides migrated through the porous material, cooling at the surface, and leaving behind the rich colors and glass-like surface.
In the largely pre-literate ancient world, colors had intense cultural, social, and communicative value. For example, the vibrant blues and blue-greens of Egyptian faience spoke of the heavens, water, life, and rebirth. The color was imbued with spiritual significance and a sense of magic.
Faience first emerged in Mesopotamia during the 5th millennium BCE. Egyptian artisans began working with it the following millennium. During the Predynastic Era, production techniques were relatively simple. Craftsmen shaped objects by hand, then carved and abraded them to create detail after the drying process was complete. A copper-infused glaze applied before firing gave Egyptian faience its characteristic shine and color. The Egyptian word for this material speaks volumes. They called it "tjehenet" which roughly translates to dazzling or brilliant.
The middle of the 2nd millennium BCE witnessed an explosion of faience production in Egypt. Artisans began using clay molds to work with the material, and a new method of glazing, efflorescence, became popular. Instead of applying glaze after the shaping of an object, craftsmen began including glazing materials in the paste itself. The use of molds and the innovation of adding glaze directly to the paste led to the mass production of faience products, including rings, amulets, and tiles.
The history of faience is tightly linked to the importance of visual symbols in a world in which most people could neither read nor write. Elites relied on visual imagery to communicate their wealth and legitimize their power. Ancient Mesopotamians were fond of using gold for this purpose. The scarcity of gold in Mesopotamia led to the development of trade routes designed to obtain the precious metal. Egypt had the gold the elites of Babylon and other Mesopotamian city-states wanted. Artisans familiar with faience production and faience objects themselves flowed along trade routes and eventually made their way to Egypt. | <urn:uuid:3f8a3628-e868-40eb-9c59-f728a6859897> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shop.minimuseum.com/collections/islandtime/products/blue-mummy-bead-necklace | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.942848 | 980 | 2.015625 | 2 |
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