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Check out the newly released Teen Services Competencies! The Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA), a division of the American Library Association, released new teen competencies late in 2017.
The new document includes 10 competencies that are intended to set a foundation for the education and professional development of all library staff, regardless of job title, and to provide guidance for determining practitioner skills and knowledge. Read the competencies now.
YALSA will host free live monthly webinars beginning in March 2018. Each one will be facilitated by knowledgeable youth development experts and library staff and focus on a different competency in YALSA’s brand new Teen Services Competencies for Library Staff.
All free webinars will be held from 2:00 – 3:00pm, eastern, the second Thursday of the month. These webinars are free and open to any interested individual, regardless of job or membership status.
Webinar recordings will be available for those who can’t participate in the live session. Reserve your free seat for the webinars you are interested in attending by selecting the link in the table below. (Note: each webinar will be capped at 100 participants in order to guarantee a high-quality learning experience.)
- Teen Growth and Development: Knows the typical benchmarks for growth and development and uses this knowledge to plan, provide and evaluate library resources, programs, and services that meet the multiple needs of teens.
- Interactions with Teens: Recognizes the importance of relationships and communication in the development and implementation of quality teen library services, and implements techniques and strategies to support teens individually and in group experiences to develop self-concept, identity, coping mechanisms, and positive interactions with peers and adults.
- Learning Environments (formal & informal): Cultivates high-quality, developmentally appropriate, flexible learning environments that support teens individually and in group experiences as they engage in formal and informal learning activities.
- Learning Experiences (formal & informal): Works with teens, volunteers, community partners and others to plan, implement and evaluate high-quality, developmentally appropriate formal and informal learning activities that support teens’ personal and academic interests.
- Youth Engagement and Leadership: Responds to all teens’ interests and needs, and acts in partnership with teens to create and implement teen activities and to foster teen leadership.
- Community and Family Engagement: Builds respectful, reciprocal relationships with community organizations and families to promote optimal development for teens and to enhance the quality of library services.
- Cultural Competency and Responsiveness: Actively promotes respect for cultural diversity and creates an inclusive, welcoming, and respectful library atmosphere that embraces diversity.
- Equity of Access: Ensures access to a wide variety of library resources, services, and activities for and with all teens, especially those facing challenges to access.
- Outcomes and Assessment: Focuses on the impact of library programs for and with teens and uses data to inform service development, implementation, and continuous improvement.
- Continuous Learning: Acts ethically, is committed to continuous learning, and advocates for best library practices and policies for teen services. | <urn:uuid:9c908e9e-0c7f-4272-91e2-71031899e930> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wvls.org/new-teen-services-competencies-and-2018-webinars/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.905006 | 648 | 1.859375 | 2 |
How To Clean Up a Traced Bitmap Image in Vision Pro 8 Engraving Software
In last week’s blog post, we took a look at how to vectorize a bitmap image in Vision Pro 8 software. This week, we’ll look at how to clean up a bitmap that’s been traced using Vision Pro 8.
Screen shot 1: Our original bitmap and the traced result.
The traced result is a group of objects. Select the result and click on “Ungroup” in the Layout menu.
Screen Shot 2: Shown here are the different objects after the ungroup. There are 5 main objects and some tiny ones from the trademark.
Screen Shot 5: You can just engrave the outlines or fill the graphic with a toolpath and engrave it as a relief. The image below shows an S-Sweep toolpath applied to the object. It is often desirable to use Node editing to modify the traced result. This can make the engraving process quicker and also drastically improve the quality.
Screen Shot 7: To clean up the inner ear section, select the object and click on “Duplicate” in the Edit menu. Select the duplicate object and left-click on any color in the palette at the bottom other than the original one so that the 2 objects are different colors.
Screen Shot 11: While holding down “Control,” left-click on the color of the original image in the palette at the bottom. This will disable that color. Black is now disabled. We can edit the nodes of the Red object and the Black object will remain the same. Now we can remove nodes and move them around to clean up the Red object using the Black object as our guide.
Screen Shot 13: Deleting extra nodes is sometimes referred to as “Node Reduction”. You can select one node at a time or hold down “Shift” and select as many as you want. The selected nodes turn Red. Here, we’ve selected many nodes to delete.
Screen Shot 14: Press the delete key on your computer and all selected nodes are deleted. You can see the shape still looks mostly the same as the guide shape (black dotted lines) but it has significantly fewer nodes. You now can move the nodes around if you need to match the original better.
Screen Shot 15: Finish editing the nodes in all areas of the object then click on the “Apply” button at the top to apply your changes. (If you are working on large project, you may want to apply changes in segments, just in case something goes wrong.)
You now have a cleaner copy of the object. A cleaner copy will always engrave faster and the quality will be greatly improved! | <urn:uuid:6fc2ec5f-b00e-4870-8acd-2f97b9f33d35> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://blog.visionengravers.com/archives/2010/08/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.90896 | 574 | 1.5 | 2 |
A Minimally Invasive Treatment for Early GI Cancers
An in-depth look at the current indications for endoscopic submucosal dissection in the evaluation and treatment of patients with early gastrointestinal neoplasms.
Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services Policy
The treatment of early esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancer is changing.1 For many years, surgery was the mainstay of treatment for early-stage gastrointestinal cancer. Unfortunately, surgery leads to significant loss of function of the organ, resulting in increased morbidity and decreased quality of life.2
Endoscopic techniques, particularly endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), have been developed and are widely used in Japan, where gastrointestinal cancer is more common than in the West. This article reviews the indications, complications, and outcomes of ESD for early gastrointestinal neoplasms, so that readers will recognize the subset of patients who would benefit from ESD in a Western setting.
Since the first therapeutic polypectomy was performed in Japan in 1974, several endoscopic techniques for tumor resection have been developed.3
EMR, one of the most successful and widely used techniques, involves elevating the lesion either with submucosal injection of a solution or with cap suction, and then removing it with a snare.4 Most lesions smaller than 20 mm can be removed in one piece (en bloc).5 Larger lesions are removed in multiple pieces (ie, piecemeal). Unfortunately, some fibrotic lesions, which are usually difficult to lift, cannot be completely removed by EMR.
ESD was first performed in the late 1990s with the aim of overcoming the limitations of EMR in resecting large or fibrotic tumors en bloc.6,7 Since then, ESD technique has been standardized and training centers have been created, especially in Asia, where it is widely used for treatment of early gastric cancer.3,8–10 Since 2012 it has been covered by the Japanese National Health Insurance for treatment of early gastric cancer, and since 2014 for treatment of colorectal malignant tumors measuring 2 to 5 cm.11
Adoption of ESD has been slow in Western countries, where many patients are still referred for surgery or undergo EMR for removal of superficial neoplasms. Reasons for this slow adoption are that gastric cancer is much less common in Western countries, and also that ESD demands a high level of technical skill, is difficult to learn, and is expensive.3,12,13However, small groups of Western endoscopists have become interested and are advocating it, first studying it on their own and then training in a Japanese center and learning from experts performing the procedure.
Therefore, in a Western setting, ESD should be performed in specialized endoscopy centers and offered to selected patients.1
Ideal candidates for endoscopic resection are patients who have early cancer with a negligible risk of lymph node metastasis, such as cancer limited to the mucosa (stage T1a).7 Therefore, to determine the best treatment for a patient with a newly diagnosed gastrointestinal neoplasm, it is mandatory to estimate the depth of invasion.
The depth of invasion is directly correlated with lymph node involvement, which is ultimately the main predictive factor for long-term adverse outcomes of gastrointestinal tumors.4,14–17 Accurate multidisciplinary preprocedure estimations are mandatory, as incorrect evaluations may result in inappropriate therapy and residual cancer.18
Other factors that have been used to predict lymph node involvement include tumor size, macroscopic appearance, histologic differentiation, and lymphatic and vascular involvement.19 Some of these factors can be assessed by special endoscopic techniques (chromoendoscopy and narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy) that allow accurate real-time estimation of the depth of invasion of the lesion.5,17,20–27 Evaluation of microsurface and microvascular arrangements is especially useful for determining the feasibility of ESD in gastric tumors, evaluation of intracapillary loops is useful in esophageal lesions, and assessment of mucosal pit patterns is useful for colorectal lesions.21–29
Endoscopic ultrasonography is another tool that has been used to estimate the depth of the tumor. Although it can differentiate between definite intramucosal and definite submucosal invasive cancers, its ability to confirm minute submucosal invasion is limited. Its use as the sole tumor staging modality is not encouraged, and it should always be used in conjunction with endoscopic evaluation.18
Though the aforementioned factors help stratify patients, pathologic staging is the best predictor of lymph node metastasis. ESD provides adequate specimens for accurate pathologic evaluation, as it removes lesions en bloc.30
All patients found to have risk factors for lymph node metastasis on endoscopic, ultrasonographic, or pathologic analysis should be referred for surgical evaluation.9,19,31,32
Before the procedure, the patient’s physicians need to do the following:
Determine the best type of intervention (EMR, ESD, ablation, surgery) for the specific lesion.3 A multidisciplinary approach is encouraged, with involvement of the internist, gastroenterologist, and surgeon.
Plan for anesthesia, additional consultations, pre- and postprocedural hospital admission, and need for special equipment.33
The main steps of ESD are circumferential marking of the lesion, submucosal injection, circumferential incision, and submucosal dissection (Figure 1). The endoscopist must do the following:
Define the lateral extent of the lesion using magnification chromoendoscopy or narrow-band imaging. In the stomach, a biopsy sample should be taken from the worst-looking segment and from normal-looking mucosa. Multiple biopsies should be avoided to prevent subsequent fibrosis.33 In the colon, biopsy should be avoided.34
Identify and circumferentially mark the target lesion. Cautery or argon plasma coagulation can be used for making markings at a distance of 5 to 10 mm from the edges.33 This is done to recognize the borders of the lesion, because they can become distorted after submucosal injection.14 This step is unnecessary in colorectal cases, as tumor margins can be adequately visualized after chromoendoscopy.16,35
Lift the lesion by injecting saline, 0.5% hyaluronate, or glycerin to create a submucosal fluid cushion.19,33
Perform a circumferential incision lateral to the mucosal margins to allow for a normal tissue margin.33 Partial incision is performed for esophageal and colorectal ESD to avoid fluid leakage from the submucosal layer, achieving a sustained submucosal lift and safer dissection.16
Submucosal dissection. The submucosal layer is dissected with an electrocautery knife until the lesion is completely removed. Dissection should be done carefully to keep the submucosal plane.33 Hemoclips or hemostat forceps can be used to control visible bleeding. The resected specimen is then stretched and fixed to a board using small pins for further histopathologic evaluation.35
Postprocedural monitoring. All patients should be admitted for overnight observation. Those who undergo gastric ESD should receive high-dose acid suppression, and the next day they can be started on a liquid diet.19
The incidence of gastric cancer is higher in Japan and Korea, where widespread screening programs have led to early identification and early treatment of this disease.36
Pathology studies37 of samples from patients with gastric cancer identified the following as risk factors for lymph node metastasis, which would make ESD unsuitable:
Based on these findings, the situations in which there was no risk of lymph node involvement (ie, when none of the above factors are present) were accepted as absolute indications for endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer.38Further histologic studies identified a subset of patients with lesions with very low risk of lymph node metastasis, which outweighed the risk of surgery. Based on these findings, expanded criteria for gastric ESD were proposed,39,40 and the Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines now include these expanded preoperative indications9,17 (Table 1).
The Japanese Gastric Cancer Association has proposed a treatment algorithm based on the histopathologic evaluation after resection (Figure 2).9
In the largest series of patients who underwent curative ESD for early gastric cancer, the 5-year survival rate was 92.6%, the 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 99.9%, and the 5-year relative survival rate was 105%.41
Similarly, in a Japanese population-based survival analysis, the relative 5-year survival rate for localized gastric cancer was 94.4%.42 Rates of en bloc resection and complete resection with ESD are higher than those with EMR, resulting in a lower risk of local recurrence in selected patients who undergo ESD.8,43,44
Although rare, local recurrence after curative gastric ESD has been reported.45 The annual incidence of local recurrence has been estimated to be 0.84%.46
ESD entails a shorter hospital stay and requires fewer resources than surgery, resulting in lower medical costs (Table 2).44 Additionally, as endoscopic resection is associated with less morbidity, fewer procedure-related adverse events, and fewer complications, ESD could be used as the standard treatment for early gastric cancer.47,48
Since the prevalence of gastric cancer in Western countries is significantly lower than in Japan and Korea, local data and experience are scarce. However, experts performing ESD in the West have adopted the indications of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society. The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy recommends ESD for excision of most superficial gastric neoplasms, with EMR being preferred only in lesions smaller than 15 mm, Paris classification 0 or IIA.5,32
Patients with gastric lesions measuring 15 mm or larger should undergo high-quality endoscopy, preferably chromoendoscopy, to evaluate the mucosal patterns and determine the depth of invasion. If superficial involvement is confirmed, other imaging techniques are not routinely recommended.5 A surgery consult is also recommended.
Due to the success of ESD for early gastric cancer, this technique is now also used for superficial esophageal neoplasms.19,49 It should be done in a specialized center, as it is more technically difficult than gastric ESD: the esophageal lumen is narrow, the wall is thin, and the esophagus moves with respiration and heartbeat.50 A multidisciplinary approach including an endoscopist, a surgeon, and a pathologist is highly recommended for evaluation and treatment.
EMR is preferred for removal of mucosal cancer, in view of its safety profile and success rates. ESD can be considered in cases of lesions larger than 15 mm, poorly lifting tumors, and those with the possibility of submucosal invasion (Table 3).5,45,49,51
Circumference involvement is critical when determining eligible candidates, as a defect involving more than three-fourths of the esophageal circumference can lead to esophageal strictures.52 Controlled prospective studies have shown promising results from giving intralesional and oral steroids to prevent stricture after ESD, which could potentially overcome this size limitation.53,54
ESD has been shown to be safe and effective, achieving en bloc resection in 85% to 100% of patients.19,51 Its advantages over EMR include en bloc resection, complete resection, and high curative rates, resulting in higher recurrence-free survival.2,55,56 Although the incidence of complications such as bleeding, perforation, and stricture formation are higher with ESD, patients usually recover uneventfully.2,19,20
As data on the efficacy of EMR vs ESD for the treatment of Barrett esophagus with adenocarcinoma are limited, EMR is the gold standard endoscopic technique for removal of visible esophageal dysplastic lesions.5,51,57 ESD can be considered for tumors larger than 15 mm, for poorly lifting lesions, and if there is suspicion of submucosal invasion.5
Patients should be evaluated by an experienced endoscopist, using an advanced imaging technique such as narrow-band imaging or chromoendoscopy. If suspicious features are found, endoscopic ultrasonography should be considered to confirm submucosal invasion or lymph node involvement.5
Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide.58Since ESD has been found to be effective and safe in treating gastric cancer, it has also been used to remove large colorectal tumors.59 However, ESD is not universally accepted in the treatment of colorectal neoplasms due to its greater technical difficulty, longer procedural time, and higher risk of perforating the thinner colonic wall compared with EMR.21,60
According to the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, ESD should be reserved for lesions that are not amenable to snare removal (> 20 mm in size, intramucosal tumors with fibrosis, localized lesions that result from chronic inflammation, and local residual carcinoma) (Tables 4 and 5).21,61 Colorectal ESD should be performed only by a trained endoscopist.11
Piecemeal resection is one of the predictors of recurrence after endoscopic removal of colorectal cancer.62 Therefore, the cumulative rates of en bloc resection and curative resection are higher and the recurrence rate is lower for en bloc ESD than for EMR.62–65 Complication rates and procedural time are higher for ESD than for EMR.59,66
Tumor size of 50 mm or larger is a risk factor for complications, while a high procedure volume at the center is a protective factor.60
EMR is the gold standard for removal of superficial colorectal lesions. However, ESD can be considered if there is suspicion of superficial submucosal invasion, especially for lesions larger than 20 mm that cannot be resected en bloc by EMR.32ESD can also be used for fibrotic lesions not amenable to complete EMR removal, or as a salvage procedure after recurrence after EMR.67 Proper selection of cases is critical.1
Patients who have a superficial colonic lesion should be evaluated by means of high-definition endoscopy and chromoendoscopy to assess the mucosal pattern and establish feasibility of endoscopic resection. If submucosal invasion is suspected, staging with endoscopic ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging should be considered.5
Endoscopic surveillance after the procedure is recommended, given the persistent risk of metachronous cancer after curative ESD due to its organ-sparing quality.68Surveillance endoscopy aims to achieve early detection and subsequent endoscopic resection of metachronous lesions.
Histopathologic evaluation assessing the presence of malignant cells in the margins of a resected sample is mandatory for determining the next step in treatment. If margins are negative, follow-up endoscopy can be done every 6 to 12 months. If margins are positive, the approach includes surgery, reattempting ESD or endoscopic surveillance in 3 or 6 months.3,32 Although the surveillance strategy varies according to individual risk of metachronous cancer, it should be continued indefinitely.68
The most common procedure-related complications of ESD are bleeding, perforation, and stricture. Most intraprocedural adverse events can be managed endoscopically.69
Most bleeding occurs during the procedure or early after it and can be controlled with electrocautery.49,69 No episodes of massive bleeding, defined as causing clinical symptoms and requiring transfusion or surgery, have been reported.20,43,55
In gastric ESD, delayed bleeding rates have ranged from 0 to 15.6%.69 Bleeding may be prevented with endoscopic coagulation of visible vessels after dissection has been completed and by proton pump inhibitor therapy.70,71 Excessive coagulation should be avoided to lower the risk of perforation.33
In colorectal ESD the bleeding rate has been reported to be 2.2%; applying coagulation to an area where a blood vessel is suspected before cutting (precoagulation) may prevent subsequent bleeding.21
For gastric ESD, perforation rates range from 1.2% to 5.2%.69 Esophageal perforation rates can be up to 4%.49 In colorectal ESD, perforation rates have been reported to be 1.6% to 6.6%.60,72
Although most of the cases were successfully managed with conservative treatment, some required emergency surgery.60,73
In a case series of 532 patients undergoing gastric ESD, stricture was reported in 5 patients, all of whom presented with obstructive symptoms.74 Risk factors for post-ESD gastric stenosis are a mucosal defect with a circumferential extent of more than three-fourths or a longitudinal extent of more than 5 cm.75
Strictures are common after esophageal ESD, with rates ranging from 2% to 26%. The risk is higher when longer segments are removed or circumferential resection is performed. As previously mentioned, this complication may be reduced with ingestion or injection of steroids after the procedure.53,54
Surprisingly, ESD of large colorectal lesions involving more than three-fourths of the circumference of the rectum is rarely complicated by stenosis.76
ESD requires a high level of technical skill, is time-consuming, and has a higher rate of complications than conventional endoscopic resection. A standardized ESD training system is needed, as the procedure is more difficult than EMR. Training in porcine models has been shown to confer competency in ESD in a Western setting.13,16,33
Colorectal ESD is an even more challenging procedure, given the potential for complications related to its anatomy. Training centers in Japan usually have their trainees first master gastric ESD, then assist in more than 20 colorectal ESDs conducted by experienced endoscopists, and accomplish 30 cases before performing the procedure safely and independently.
As the incidence of gastric cancer is low in Western countries, trainees may also begin with lower rectal lesions, which are easier to remove.77 Incorporation of ESD in the West would require a clear treatment algorithm. It is a complex procedure, with higher rates of complications, a prolonged learning curve, and prolonged procedure time. Therefore, it should be performed in specialized centers and under the special situations discussed here to ensure that the benefits for the patients outweigh the risks.
The optimal method for resecting gastrointestinal neoplasms should be safe, cost-effective, and quick and should also completely remove the lesion. The best treatment strategy takes into account the characteristics of the lesion and the comorbidities and wishes of the patient. Internists should be aware of the multiple options available to achieve the best outcome for the patient.1
Endoscopic resection of superficial gastrointestinal neoplasms, including EMR and ESD, has been a subject of increasing interest due to its minimally invasive and potentially curative character. However, cancer can recur after endoscopic resection because the procedure is organ-sparing.
ESD allows resection of early gastrointestinal tumors with a minimally invasive technique. It can achieve higher curative resection rates and lower recurrence rates compared with EMR. Compared with surgery, ESD leads to less morbidity, fewer procedure-related complications, and lower medical costs. Indications should be rigorously followed to achieve successful treatments in selected patients.
Multiple variables have to be taken into account when deciding which treatment is best, such as tumor characteristics, the patient’s baseline condition, physician expertise, and hospital resources.48 Less-invasive treatments may improve the prognosis of patients. No matter the approach, patients should be treated in specialized treatment centers.
Internal medicine physicians should be aware of the advances in treatments for early gastrointestinal cancer so appropriate options can be considered.
This article originally appeared in the Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 2017 September;84(9):707-717. | <urn:uuid:baa20c33-bb16-499d-9f16-7b7cf813956b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/a-minimally-invasive-treatment-for-early-gi-cancers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.931024 | 4,363 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Laser Byte sat down and sketched out what was required, a sort of outline specification.
We didn't try to specify everything that would be required. We have found that, with project as large as this, it is impossible to pre-emt all of the requirements. It is just too complicated and big for anyone to predict every requirement. It is better to brak the task into bite sized chunks and deal with each problem as it emerges. If one has access to the right tools, a good conceptual knowledge of the project, and a high IQ, then these things are not that difficult.
Suffice to say, the project was not easy. There were many moments of head scratching. There were times of trying out ideas. There were times of frustration. But there were more times of elation as the project took shape.
There were many problems which we had not envisaged when the statement of "We want to open up branches in the USA and Ireland" was first made by the Managing Director. But this was a team effort. Laser Byte did the design and programming, and Easirent's team guided us through the project.
It is what we call prototyping, and this project shows that it can be used on a huge project. And the result was faster and cheaper to produce than any conventional approach could achieve. It is what we call Just In Time Programming, and it is very successful. | <urn:uuid:22285e89-0c76-4558-a9a3-e43f401e98a7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://laserbyte.com/UK/Easirent2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.989458 | 289 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Research we’re watching
A preliminary study published Sept. 14, 2015, in JAMA Internal Medicine reported that older women in Spain who ate a traditional Mediterranean diet enhanced with extra-virgin olive oil were less likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer. The study was part of a large Spanish clinical trial, Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED).
PREDIMED looked at three different groups of women. One followed the Mediterranean diet plus extra servings of olive oil. A second followed the diet plus extra servings of nuts. Those in the third group were ad-vised to reduce their fat intake. The study followed about 4,300 women ages 60 to 80 for five years.
During the study period, 35 breast cancers were diagnosed. There were 62% fewer cancers in the group who ate the olive oil–enhanced diet, compared with women just told to cut their fat intake. The rate of breast cancer in the group who ate the Mediterranean diet plus extra nuts was not statistically different from that among the women told to reduce fat intake. These results need to be confirmed by longer, larger studies.
The PREDIMED research is helping to establish olive oil—and the Mediterranean diet in general—as a cornerstone of a healthy diet. Although olive oil isn’t likely to be the answer to breast cancer prevention, using it generously isn’t likely to hurt. | <urn:uuid:3e51714f-f0f2-4942-86c9-d847647a6ef3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.manhealthway.com/10735/olive-oil-can-help-you-lower-cancer-risk | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.966782 | 290 | 2.625 | 3 |
- 1 What flowers go best with roses in a bouquet?
- 2 What do you put in a rose bouquet?
- 3 Do roses and lilies go together in a bouquet?
- 4 What are the white flowers they put with roses?
- 5 What is a good ground cover for roses?
- 6 What flowers should not be in a wedding bouquet?
- 7 Why is bleach good for flowers?
- 8 How do you keep a bouquet of flowers overnight?
- 9 What do you do with a rose bouquet?
- 10 What do roses and lilies mean?
- 11 What do red roses signify?
- 12 What does a pink lily symbolize?
- 13 What are the tiny white flowers in bouquets called?
- 14 What is the most popular wedding flower?
- 15 What does the different color roses represent?
What flowers go best with roses in a bouquet?
Flowers You can Pair with Rose to Make It Perfect Valentine
- 1) Clematis and Roses. Generally, clematis is paired up with roses.
- 2) Pincushions with Roses.
- 3) Solomio and Rose Flowers Bouquet.
- 4) Chrysanthemums with Rose.
- 5) Roses and Carnations.
- 6) Tulips and Rose.
- 7) Roses with Eucalyptus.
What do you put in a rose bouquet?
Fill a Vase with Fresh Water and Flower Food You can also mix two ounces of mouthwash with a gallon of water or add lemon-lime soda to the water to substitute for flower food. Both of these mixtures provide sugar to nourish the fresh roses as well as inhibit bacterial growth.
Do roses and lilies go together in a bouquet?
Scented lilies and roses perfectly complement each other in this classic arrangement.
What are the white flowers they put with roses?
White baby’s breath flowers are a familiar choice for adding mass to floral arrangements, but the flowers are easy to tint in any color, increasing their versatility for your wedding day. Also known as gypsophila, baby’s breath flowers are available in single or double varieties.
What is a good ground cover for roses?
Shallow-rooted perennials such as yarrow, those with deep vertical roots and many annuals work well as ground cover among roses. Avoid annual or perennial twining vines, such as morning glories or Virginia creeper, and potentially invasive perennials with deep runners, such as spearmint.
What flowers should not be in a wedding bouquet?
The Worst Wedding Flowers
- Tulips: Keep Them Planted. When you see them planted in a garden, you’d think tulips are a tempting choice for a wedding.
- Hydrangeas: Must Stay Hydrated.
- Daffodils: The Daffodil Itch.
- Chrysanthemums: High Pollen Count.
- Calla Lily: Poisonous Beauty.
Why is bleach good for flowers?
Watering cut flowers with bleach is one of the secrets to keeping your flower arrangements looking fresher, longer. It also helps prevent your water from getting cloudy, and inhibits bacteria growth, both of which can cause your flowers to lose their freshness.
How do you keep a bouquet of flowers overnight?
To keep your bouquet strong and healthy, try this super-simple flower tip: Store the flowers in the refrigerator overnight. It’ll help slow down the process of water loss and keep your blooms looking crisp. To store the flowers properly, fill a vase about ¾ full with water, and then put the flowers in the vase.
What do you do with a rose bouquet?
What to Do With Dried Roses: 8 Creative Ideas
- Create a Wreath. Our first creative idea for your dried roses would be to create a wreath.
- Make Your Own Potpourri.
- Create a Dried Flower Crown.
- Press and Frame the Petals.
- Make a Rose Perfume.
- Make a Dried Flower Bouquet.
- Add Them to Your Bath Water.
- Create a Romantic Setting.
What do roses and lilies mean?
Both the rose and the lily are often associated with love. The Lily conveys the idea of purity. It is often associated with “Ideal Love” or a purely innocent and true love. Roses and Lilies are often mixed together to represent a union of the two ideas and make for beautiful mixed flower arrangements.
What do red roses signify?
It’s no secret that red roses signify love. Even The Bachelor has confirmed that! Whether it’s a single red stem, a dozen beauties, or an anniversary room strewn with petals, red is the ultimate hue when it comes to conveying feelings. The shade can also communicate passion, which makes sense when you’re in love!
What does a pink lily symbolize?
Pink lilies stand for love, femininity and admiration.
What are the tiny white flowers in bouquets called?
Baby’s Breath (Gypsophila) You may know baby’s breath best as a cliche filler in Valentine’s bouquets, but this perennial flower shines in the garden. Although these tiny white flowers and thin, wispy stems have a delicate appearance, they are quite resilient in the landscape.
What is the most popular wedding flower?
Top 10 Most Popular Wedding Flowers
- Peonies. Quite possibly one of the most popular wedding flowers of all time, peonies are beloved by brides and highly sought-after when they’re in season.
- Garden Roses.
- Sweet Peas.
What does the different color roses represent?
Darker shades of pink convey a sense of appreciation, while pale pinks are generally used to give a sense of admiration, joy or gentleness. Lavender: In the language of flowers, lavender roses are used to tell someone that you’re enchanted by them. They also represent desire and love at first sight. | <urn:uuid:355793a3-972d-43e9-a1f6-5216f714f7a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://flowersbylynne.com/interesting-about-bouquets/question-what-flowers-go-with-roses-in-a-bouquet.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.882363 | 1,330 | 1.773438 | 2 |
You have to begin by taking the dimensions of your home, choosing the furnishings that fits your style, and determining on the budget plan. Ted’s Woodworking Plan promises to finish the problems.
Teds Woodworking Plans plan is a excellent option for woodworkers that would certainly wish to attempt distinct tasks on a daily basis. It, for that reason, offers 16,000 different woodworking job plans with organized advice and video clip tutorials to assist you begin. Even more, this guide claims to offer a list of devices you will need to complete each new task. Is it worth purchasing? Is it a scam? We have the answers.
WHAT IS TED’S WOODWORKING PLANS?
Ted’s Woodworking Plans, Created by Ted McGrath, is a collection of over 16,000 woodworking plans as well as projects that you can follow to make your garden chairs, residence furniture, bird feeders, sheds, and several other products without working with a professional. All the plans in this guide are extremely easy as well as simple to adhere to as well as the writer overviews the individuals from the start to finish. You will certainly get the exact dimensions of every furniture piece or structure you intend to construct and all needed materials.
Ted attracts every representation with utmost care as well as concentrates so that the users can identify just how to construct it conveniently. You will certainly discover the building procedure easywhether you are creating a shaking chair, a toy, or a poultry coop due to the fact that the layouts are clear and concise in all facets, as a result, supplying a problem-free experience.
What’s more, the writer gives images from all angles to ensure that individuals can determine points also before starting the structure process. And also due to the fact that this overview provides all information, you do not require to be a specialist to start using it. The author believes that you can be a nonprofessional and still build strikingly beautiful furnishings items. The directions and also the pictures will certainly help you complete every task conveniently and also the 16,000 one-of-a-kind tasks indicate that you will always have something brand-new to try. The guide likewise includes a number of bonuses.
THAT IS TED MCGRATH?
McGrath is a competent woodworker who has dealt with several projects in his life. He made a decision to develop this guide to put his several years of experience into something beneficial as well as to help newbies develop their woodworking skills and also make cash.
Along with this guide, Ted published many other books as well as articles on woodworking to make the work of woodworkers very easy. Ted’s Woodworking guide has several positive reviews and it is helping several woodwork lovers learn and enhance their abilities.
WHAT TO EXPECT IN TED’S WOODWORKING GUIDE?
After buying the Ted’s Woodworking strategies, you will have access to a wide array of projects created by Ted McGrath himself. To supply you with the experience you require, the author offers you the possibility to attempt both little as well as large jobs such as cutting boards as well as structure boxes, barns, and also cabins .
DETAILED WOODWORKING PLANS
The lots of projects vary from beginner-level projects to advanced-level projects to challenge you. They additionally reveal that the author provides styles for every project, from beginner-level to skilled degree.
After getting this course, the very best point to do is begin with the projects implied for newbies before progressing to those indicated for expert-level and also intermediary woodworkers. The beginner-level jobs are very easy to finish, consequently, providing the users with a excellent beginning area. On the other hand, the challenging and also comprehensive ones will aid you brighten and craft up the new skills.
This program will certainly cater to all your yard and also house needs if you are an experienced carpenter. It will certainly help you develop barns, sheds, furniture, decks, and carts. The newbie-level tasks are additionally a good choice for professionals as well as children that would intend to polish up their abilities. Speaking of the expert-level projects, they will assist you equip your entire residence or office.
GUIDELINES HANDBOOK AND ILLUSTRATIONS
The Instructions Handbook and Illustrations is the 2nd point you should anticipate in Ted’s Woodworking Kit. It is an guidelines handbook for the 16,000 tasks expected in this program.
The directions and also illustrations are a lot more like woodworking lessons for the customers. You can read them as you progress with the projects you select to be certain that you are doing the best point. Ted presents these instructions in a user-friendly and also easy-to-understand fashion to make sure that they can offer the role of an expert holding your hand on each step of your journey.
In addition to the easy-to-understand and user-friendly directions, Ted provides thorough pictures for every step. The kinds of pictures to anticipate to consist of 3D illustrations, schematics, close-up illustrations, annotations, and also dimensions . You will see exactly how every task ought to end up prior to starting it, something that removes chances of uncertainty. As you might already understand, precision and also perfection are important in woodworking.
THE PURCHASE GUIDE
Ted McGrath further includes a thorough listing of equipment as well as products you need to buy for every task. Anticipate to discover a in-depth listing of devices and the kind of wood required for every layout.
The details will get rid of uncertainty when it pertains to the selection of materials and also removes the possibilities of overbuying or buying the incorrect products. A lot more, the author includes the specific quantity of every product, consequently, aiding users save cash as well as time throughout the buying component.
The writer more deals woodworking videos for people who appreciate seeing tutorials. Each of them reveals a master woodworker completing a job. This may be all you need to polish up your craft as well as assembled numerous tasks efficiently.
After signing up for this training course, you will certainly get various other goodies as a bonus. They consist of DWG or CAD visitor, which will provide you a premium aesthetic side, for your design work. You will certainly have access to several exceptional woodworking videos from skilled woodworkers made to provide you with even more ideas, strategies, and also ideas .
In addition to leading you on making tasks, Ted will certainly educate you on exactly how to establish a woodworking service. Anticipate to obtain a guidebook on running an enterprise as well as starting together with the tips and also tricks you require to transform your enthusiasm into a profitable service.
IS TED’S WOODWORKING LEGIT?
You are most likely to find throughout people who assert that the woodwork projects are not authentic. Others claim that Ted McGrath is not a real person which the developers of the woodworking tasks have copied information from many sources and place it together to develop the guide. They, as a result, declare that Ted’s Woodworking is a rip-off and also the intention behind it is lucrative.
While Ted might have borrowed some ideas from other resources, the layouts and also designs of every job are original. The evaluations launched just recently show that the Woodworking plans are stuffed and also resourceful with comprehensive overviews and also suggestions.
CONS aS WELL AS pros
Prior to purchasing any kind of product online or registering for an on-line course, you ought to take your time to check out the pros and cons . Here are the benefits and drawbacks of Ted’s Woodworking Guide.
- Provides professional strategies
- Gives lots of projects so that the individuals can select those that match their requirements
- The directions are extremely easy to adhere to
- The writer uses comprehensive illustrations as well as layouts
- The strategies use precise measurements and annotations
- Comes with thorough tutorials and also video clips
- The standard strategy features giveaways
- Provides a listing of devices and products required for every job
- It is low-cost
- A few of the strategies are not like others are
- The bonus videos are not of top quality
- The program is online based and you will therefore require the internet to gain access to it
Unlike numerous various other woodworking programs, Ted’s Woodworking is budget-friendly. It will cost you $67 only.
It includes a corresponding incentive, which contains DWG, DXF, and DWF Plan Viewer worth $97 in addition to 150 Premium Woodworking Videos worth $77. In addition, you will certainly have a overview worth $27 to assist you develop your woodworking company.
Speaking of the money-back guarantee, the author provides a 100 percent safe money-back assurance. For that reason, you can ask to have your cash back if you are not satisfied with what you get.
WHY CHOOSE TED’S WOODWORKING PLANS?
If you pick any kind of various other program, Ted’s Woodworking Plans come with several benefits that you are not likely to take pleasure in. Right here are several of the reasons you should choose this program.
REGULAR MONTHLY AND LIFETIME PLANS
In addition to the life time strategies, you will likewise have accessibility to month-to-month strategies that you can download and install any time. The firm better uses lifetime consumer assistance with its website and also helpline. You can ask for tailored drafts if you realize that something is missing out on in the initial blueprints.
The many plans will provide you with suggestions and inspiration to keep your imagination moving. After managing sufficient projects on your own and also your family, you can make use of the strategies to develop your business. This is a excellent method of transforming your leisure activity into a successful service.
SMOOTH REFUND PROCESS
If you happen to obtain something different from what you anticipated, you can require to have your money back. You simply need to open the official ClickBank website as well as provide your information. Afterwards, consumer assistance will launch the reimbursement procedure.
TASKS FOR EVERYONE
You do not require to be a expert woodworker to gain from the plans. The author offers tasks that are suitable for both experienced and also beginner-level woodworkers. All tasks feature systematic directions and also pictures to ensure that you can finish them without the requirement for professional aid.
Unlike other training authors, Ted presumes that all his trainees have no history in woodworking. He, therefore, makes sure that all guidelines are listed straight.
COMPREHENSIVE PROJECTS WITH VISUALS
In addition to the instructions manuals, you will certainly have accessibility to 3D images, comprehensive sketches, schematics, as well as images to reveal you the full tasks from all angles. The function of the images is to help remove mistakes and also permit the creation of superior styles.
Although you may not like several of the Projects, you will have the choice of combining numerous of them to find up with something you such as. Finishing a lot of the jobs, beginning with the beginner-level ones, will enable you to understand the woodworking craft.
Ted’s Woodworking Plans provides over 16000 woodworking tasks, which is potentially greater than you need to furnish your residence and also start a service. All the strategies are well organized and also complete and they come with in-depth directions. You can make use of the program to find out a new craft or polish up your skills.
Ted’s Woodworking Plans, Created by Ted McGrath, is a collection of over 16,000 woodworking blueprints and also jobs that you can comply with to make your garden chairs, house furniture, bird feeders, sheds, and lots of various other products without working with a expert. The directions and the photos will certainly help you finish every task easily as well as the 16,000 special projects suggest that you will constantly have something brand-new to try. After purchasing the Ted’s Woodworking strategies, you will have access to a vast range of jobs developed by Ted McGrath himself. The several projects vary from beginner-level jobs to advanced-level jobs to test you. Ted’s Woodworking Plans uses over 16000 woodworking tasks, which is possibly more than you require to provide your home and begin a organization. | <urn:uuid:8e9ed08c-0052-4861-b148-6962c3c524a4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.yamamotowoodworker.com/ebay-teds-woodworking/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.957953 | 2,615 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Creating the best training materials for your company is always important. It makes sure that your employees will become equipped with all the right information and skills to perform at their best in their work. One way of creating great training materials is by creating corporate training videos. This article will dive deep into what corporate training videos are, why you should make them, what is the usual process of making them, and most importantly, the 10 tips you should follow to improve your corporate training videos.
What are Corporate Training Videos?
Corporate training videos are videos used to educate and instruct employees about policies, procedures, or new products in the company and also general matters like health and safety, career, and skills development.
Because of the many different advantages it offers, corporate training videos should always be a part of any corporate training strategy that your company has.
Table of contents
- What are Corporate Training Videos?
- 6 Reasons Why You Should Create Corporate Training Videos
- 1. Corporate training videos are a cost-effective option.
- 2. Videos are great at breaking down complex information.
- 3. It is easier to measure the success of your corporate training with videos.
- 4. You can make corporate training videos that are interactive.
- 5. Corporate training videos can be versatile and cover a variety of topics.
- 6. Videos can be easily accessible for everyone.
- How to Make Corporate Training Videos
- 10 Tips to Improve Corporate Training Videos
- 1. Make sure you have a plan before creating the videos.
- 2. Determine the KPIs of your training videos.
- 3. Choose the best video types to use.
- 4. Make your learning objectives clear in the video.
- 5. Present your information in a way that is easy to understand for all types of learners.
- 6. Vary your presentation to keep viewers engaged.
- 7. Incorporate characters to elicit a connection with the viewers.
- 8. Include branded elements into your training video.
- 9. Keep your training videos short and concise.
- 10. Analyse the performance of your training videos.
- 5 Different Types of Videos You Can Use For Corporate Training
6 Reasons Why You Should Create Corporate Training Videos
1. Corporate training videos are a cost-effective option.
If you want to invest in classroom training sessions, you are more likely to spend more on the instructors and other travel costs compared to the actual training materials your employees will use.
When you use videos for corporate training, you will not have to worry about any of that. All your employees need to do to begin their training is press play and they can watch these videos anywhere as well.
In addition to those cost-saving benefits, another reason why videos are cost-effective is that you will only be paying once to create these videos which you can use for a long time.
2. Videos are great at breaking down complex information.
Whether it is covering a specific company policy, a software program you have to use, or even a topic about your industry, videos can do a great job of breaking down this complex information into something that is easily understandable.
This is especially true when you use animated videos to tackle specific complex topics that may be hard to visualise through live action. You have more creativity and freedom to visualise certain elements when you choose to create animated videos.
Along with being easy to break down information, it is also easy to just go back and replay part of the video if you missed a part or just want to go back and review everything you have learned so far.
3. It is easier to measure the success of your corporate training with videos.
If you hold classroom training sessions or provide employees with development materials and books, you can never be sure they will actually read or digest all the information unless you make them take a test.
However, with videos, it is a lot easier to track and measure how effective your training is because typical video hosting providers like YouTube give you access to important metrics like views and watch times.
This gives you a better idea of how many people are watching your corporate training videos and actually finishing the videos as well.
4. You can make corporate training videos that are interactive.
Another reason you should create corporate training videos is that you can add the element of interactivity to these videos to enhance the learning experience of your employees.
Interactive training videos can not just make learning easier for your employees but also helps you to measure everyone’s success when watching these videos.
These interactive videos allow training to be tailored to whoever is watching because its content will adapt based on how you will interact and answer in the video itself.
This helps companies track who is doing great and who will need more help in their training so that they can fix their mistakes as soon as possible.
5. Corporate training videos can be versatile and cover a variety of topics.
What is great with using videos for corporate training is that you can create a lot of them to cover specific topics or concepts to help your employees.
From onboarding and compliance to demonstrations of what software you will use and even fire safety or performance support, employees can easily learn about all of these if you provide great videos about them.
Having a lot of different video resources available for most of the important topics in your company makes it easier for employees, whether they are new or old, to easily learn about a particular topic.
6. Videos can be easily accessible for everyone.
If you try to use traditional training methods, it can be difficult to create and prepare all of your learning materials for the large number of employees that will need it.
When you create training videos, you will never have to worry about training preparation because your videos will be accessible by everyone in your company and even some consumers who are interested in learning about certain topics as well.
It is also a lot easier for everyone because they can watch these videos anywhere and at any time, even outside office hours if they want to.
How to Make Corporate Training Videos
Here are the usual steps that are taken to create great corporate training videos:
1. Organise your teams that can prepare the video’s script.
When you have to develop your video’s content and script, you have to gather the experts of specific subject matters you will want to cover in your training videos.
Once you have gathered these experts, it is important to organise all of them and the information that they will provide. You will also need them to go over the content of the training videos to review and approve them.
With the right people, you will be equipped to write the script of your video. It is good to plan for about 150 words per minute in the training video.
Make sure that you use a conversational tone and make sure to explain certain acronyms or terms that may not be familiar to everyone.
Also, keep your script as concise as possible. Training videos should be as short as possible so that employees can easily digest and retain as much information as possible.
2. Decide on who will do the voice overs for the training videos.
Your company can decide to have either internal or external resources to read your script. If the video is a recruitment or company history video, you should consider one of your company leaders to do the voice over.
However, for other topics that you want to cover, you should also take a look at professional voice over artists so that your script can become as lively and as engaging as possible.
It is also a lot easier to find voice over artists nowadays. You can either find freelance artists on your own or you can hire a video production company like fewStones which will also include their own voice over artist as part of their package.
3. Prepare the corporate training video content that you want to make.
There are a lot of different ways to record the corporate training videos that you want to make depending on what specific content you will prepare:
Screen Capture Programs
If you are going for a screencast video, screen capture programs allow you to record your screen and any accompanying narration. These are great for instructors to walk through how to use programs and applications.
Live Action Videos
Choosing to create live action videos for your training requires you to have a video production. You may either do this on your own and buy your own equipment or you can hire a professional video production company like fewStones who can do all the work for you.
To create animation videos, you have an option of finding affordable and easy websites and programs that aid you in making animations on your own or hire a video production company that can also create animations.
4. Edit your video and include captions.
Once you are done recording or shooting your training video, you can now edit it using a video editing software. The best software programs for editing allow you to create titles, transitions, and sound effects.
If you want to edit on your own, you can take a look at Adobe Premiere, Pinnacle Studios, Vegas, or Final Cut Pro. However, if you work with a video production company, they can do all the editing for you as well.
Another important element to include while editing is captions for the videos. Including captions makes for a better user experience because they can also read the content of the video while watching it.
This makes it easier for them to learn, understand, and eventually remember any important details about the training topic in the video.
5. Host the videos onto a video sharing platform.
With a finalised corporate training video, you can now host it and make it public. First thing you should do is store all of your training video files internally into company training folders.
After that, you can also share these videos onto a video sharing platform like YouTube or Vimeo so that people outside your company can also have a look and learn from all the training videos you have created.
10 Tips to Improve Corporate Training Videos
1. Make sure you have a plan before creating the videos.
Videos are a powerful way of delivering information in an effective way. However, it is not a substitute for poor planning or organisation by your company.
Make sure that you start the whole process by having a clear plan of how you will use all of your training videos to present important information and content.
Creating scripts and crafting storyboards are two effective ways to properly plan out the content and delivery of your training videos.
2. Determine the KPIs of your training videos.
Determining what you want your training videos to achieve early on will help you make educated decisions and create the best corporate training videos for your company.
If one of your KPIs is to train your team how to use a specific software, you will need to create an interactive or explainer video. Creating a text-based video or a talking-head video will not be effective for this topic.
When you decide what you need to achieve, it can help you with making more focused decisions on how your training videos should look.
3. Choose the best video types to use.
Your KPIs and your production budget for your training videos will be the two main factors that will dictate the best type of videos you can create.
You will have a lot of different options to choose from which will be discussed in the next section. However, you should also remember that you don’t need to just stick to one specific type all throughout a training video.
4. Make your learning objectives clear in the video.
Do not leave your viewers guessing about why they are watching a specific training video. This may make them confused or unsure of what information to expect and learn.
Clearly state the learning objectives of the video as soon as possible so that everyone can immediately understand the purpose of the video and prepare themselves accordingly.
5. Present your information in a way that is easy to understand for all types of learners.
Communicating complex information can be difficult to comprehend immediately, especially if this is something that average viewers are not completely familiar with.
Make sure you get to break down your training content into smaller, more digestible chunks because it may be hard for most people to take in a lot of new information all at once.
You can start videos by clearly defining some key terms that will be prominent all throughout the training. Being able to clearly define terms at the beginning of training can improve the quality of your video and eliminate confusion as quickly as possible.
You should also take full advantage of visual representations that can easily explain complex or abstract concepts to viewers. This makes it easier for them to picture them and understand them.
6. Vary your presentation to keep viewers engaged.
Great corporate training videos are able to incorporate various styles of presentation so that viewers are constantly engaged and interested with the content.
Just like other types of content, solely relying on just one presentation method can easily turn off viewers and cause them to immediately lose interest.
The key with these training videos is finding the different ways to communicate with your viewers effectively so that the video does not feel stale or boring.
You can find different ways to present important information and mix them up on the video. Covering the same topic or explaining the same meaning of a term will not feel redundant if you do it in different and creative ways which is important for learning.
7. Incorporate characters to elicit a connection with the viewers.
If you want to appeal to the emotions of your viewers, you should incorporate and use characters that they can easily relate to.
This could be an animated character, a professional actor the viewer can relate to, or even a colleague from the company that a lot of people know.
This can make the training more engaging because they get to watch people that are placed in a similar situation as them which can make it easier for them to picture themselves in those scenarios.
8. Include branded elements into your training video.
Your corporate training videos are a great opportunity to strengthen the relationship between the viewer, whether they are your employee or consumer, and your brand.
Remember to include the necessary brand elements in your videos like your logos, color, or music in a natural way that does not interfere with the content and information in the training video.
You can also choose to shoot your live action training videos in a familiar location like in one of your branches or even your main company office.
9. Keep your training videos short and concise.
To make sure all of the information in each of your corporate training videos are easily understood and remembered, you will have to keep them short and concise for your viewers.
If you want to cover a lot of topics or concepts, it would be better to just create multiple shorter videos instead of creating one longer video.
Shorter videos can help keep viewers engaged for longer and will make it easier for everyone to watch the videos until the very end.
10. Analyse the performance of your training videos.
Analysing how well your training videos perform is an important step in making sure your training strategy can be as great as it can be.
You can use video analytics to track important video statistics like watch times and which part of a video do viewers occasionally drop off.
This helps you track what type of content works best for most people and can help you fix and improve certain parts of training that are not as effective to most viewers.
5 Different Types of Videos You Can Use For Corporate Training
1. Live action videos
Live action videos will have actors on screen who will act out a specific scenario to help viewers picture themselves and better understand what they need to do in a certain interaction or situation.
They can be great options for training viewers how to handle face to face interactions like sales calls, technical support processes, and other forms of social interactions with customers.
Make sure to have a good video production company to help you so that your video’s acting, locations, and editing will be sorted out.
2. Animated videos
Animated videos are usually explainer videos that will use text and graphics to simplify abstract and complex concepts that can not be easily visualised in real life.
They take some technical expertise to create, but there are a lot of animation tools online that can help you create your own animated videos.
There are also a lot of animation studios and video production studios that can create these animated videos for you.
Screencasts are recordings of what is happening on your computer screen. This is what you should use for your training videos if you want to teach viewers how to use a specific program or system in their computers.
You can show the basics of the program and then talk about the specific features your employees will use through the screencasts.
Microvideos are short videos, normally between ten to fifteen seconds, which demonstrate a single topic, idea, or process.
Some microvideos do not rely on narration because of its short runtime but instead will use visuals or text on the screen.
These videos can be a good option if you have a lot of simple processes to teach that do not take up enough time to warrant creating a longer video for all of them.
5. Interactive videos
Interactive videos allow viewers to interact with the video and make choices that can affect the story or progression of the events in the video.
These videos are a great way to engage and involve your viewers and can also be an effective alternative to quizzes since you can incorporate questions into the interactive video itself.
Hopefully, all this information about corporate training videos and all of these tips can help you create your own videos for your company. | <urn:uuid:5c06b3da-dfb7-4197-9d11-b0373525d2a9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fewstones.com/10-tips-to-improve-corporate-training-videos | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.94259 | 3,622 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Research Area: Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) utilizes more nodes to forward messages and information from source node to destination node and these nodes are battery-powered devices. Thus, Energy saving is always vital role of Routing Protocols which need to maximize the lifetime of WSN. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) are self-starting and self-constructing multichip wireless networks in which, the assembly of the system deviates vigorously. This is mainly due to the mobility of the nodes. The nodes in the network not only act as hosts but also as routers that route data from other nodes in network. MANETs require an efficient routing protocol that achieves the quality of service (QoS) mechanism. They are not considering the mobility as one constraint for those problems. Because, mobility of nodes causes frequent link failures and high error rates, so it makes difficult to maintain the desired QoS in the network. To overcome those problems, we propose mobility aware routing protocol for MANET using hybrid optimization (MARP-HO) algorithm, which maximizes the QoS in data transmission. The proposed routing protocol comprises of two phases. The clustering process consists of cluster formation and cluster head (CH) selection. First, the energy efficient clustering is done by improved animal migration optimization (IAMO) algorithm. Then, we gather multiple constraints are energy consumption, received signal strength, mobility and cooperative rate from each cluster member. The gathered constraints used to compute the node cost of each cluster member, here the highest cost node act as CH of cluster. Second, we compute routing path between source–destination using improved ant colony optimization (IACO) algorithm. The proposed MARP-HO routing protocol is compared with existing state-of-art routing protocols in terms of energy consumption, delivery ratio, loss ratio, link stability, delay, network lifetime, number of dead nodes and throughput.
Author(s) Name: K. Karthick,R. Asokan
Journal name: Wireless Personal Communications
Publisher name: Springer
Volume Information: volume 119, pages 3063–3087 (2021)
Paper Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11277-021-08387-2 | <urn:uuid:285f58f0-97a8-42a3-9488-c8c3373e5294> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://slogix.in/mobile-ad-hoc-networks/mobility-aware-quality-enhanced-cluster-based-routing-protocol-for-mobile-ad-hoc-networks-using-hybrid-optimization-algorithm/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.887493 | 506 | 2.5625 | 3 |
“You will remain my prisoners until you’ve told me what really happened in Masada.”
Those words are spoken by Flavius Josephus, the real-life historian for the Romans who chronicled the Siege of Masada. In The Dovekeepers, Josephus is talking to two iron-willed female prisoners who also happen to be among the few people who survived the attack. Their story is told in flashback, and this two-part miniseries brushes up against some interesting points about who gets to write humanity’s history. But in telling the story from a female perspective — an admirable, out-of-the-box idea — this miniseries reduces a complex, fascinating historical event into a stiff, protracted soap opera.
Set in 70 A.D., the two-part CBS miniseries opens with Josephus (Sam Neill, hamming it up amusingly) demanding the truth from his two striking prisoners. Shirah (Cote de Pablo) goes first and details her move to Jerusalem to serve as a nursemaid for a cruel distant relative’s (Manuel Cauchi) two young children: Amram and Yael. As the Romans gradually descend on Jerusalem, Shirah falls in love with a married warrior named Eleazar (Mido Himada), who is also the leader of a group of Jewish rebels known as the Sicarii. After Shirah becomes pregnant with Eleazar’s son, she is disgraced and banished to the desert, where she remarries, has another child, and cultivates her image as an enchanting mystic.
“My mother warned me…love would be my undoing.”
Josephus’ other prisoner is a grown-up Yael (Rachel Brosnahan), whose life choices eventually mirror Shirah’s. Her brother Amram (Diego Boneta) grows up to become a Sicarii warrior himself who famously wounds Roman general Flavius (Sam Hazeldine). The infuriated general resolves to destroy Jerusalem, so Yael and the rest of the Jews flee to Masada, a seemingly-impregnable mountain fortress in the desert. On the way there, Yael also falls in love with a married man and becomes pregnant with his child. Although she doesn’t have Shirah’s outwardly mystical lineage, we witness the spiritual toll Yael’s forbidden romance eventually takes. Speaking of Shirah, when she gets word that her true love Eleazar is headed toward Masada, she packs up her two children — daughter Aziza (Kathryn Prescott) doesn’t know Eleazar is her father — and resolves to meet him there.
The Dovekeepers is based on the 2011 best-selling novel of the same name by Alice Hoffman, who is credited as a producer here. As many copies as Hoffman’s book may have sold, it’s still not nearly as much as the Bible, which served as the basis for two popular miniseries previously created by the husband-and-wife producing team of Mark Burnett and Roma Downey (the former star of Touched by an Angel). While The Dovekeepers flopped compared to the duo’s The Bible and A.D. The Bible Continues, it shares several qualities with those two projects.
Burnett and Downey have obviously found a way to adapt material that is overtly spiritual in a manner that is palatable to a mass audience. The Bible set ratings records while largely sidestepping the controversy that inevitably follows religious-themed projects. Of course, the downside of avoiding controversy is that a filmmaking team often refrains from taking artistic chances. While that might be a savvy move when adapting the Bible, taking a similarly bland approach to a property that’s not nearly as well-known feels lazy.
I haven’t read “The Dovekeepers”, so I can’t say for sure if that’s the case here. All I know is that neither director Yves Simoneau nor writer Ann Peacock do much to spice up a pretty standard melodrama. And comparably shoddy production values is another thing The Dovekeepers has in common with The Bible and A.D. (Nevermind Cecil B. Demille productions; the presentation here feels chintzy compared to a dozen other historical cable dramas on the air right now.) Then again, substandard sets are really the least of this miniseries’ troubles.
Each of the two parts feels overly repetitive. I get that Part One seeks to establish how both Shirah and Yael are felled by their hearts’ desires — so much for them being strong, independent women — but it would help if all of the women in the story didn’t fall in love with slight variations of the same tall, dark and handsome warrior with uncommonly-trimmed facial hair. (To be fair, Yael does switch things up a bit by connecting with a blond Roman soldier) The pacing and presentation of the siege pushes almost all of the action to the second half of Part Two, which tests the audience’s patience when you consider the miniseries clocks in at 172 minutes. The Dovekeepers also can’t seem to decide how much to build up Flavius and his Roman army as antagonists: one moment they’re getting wiped out by badly undermanned Sicarii rebels, the other they’re ingeniously devising a way to infiltrate Masada.
It’s too bad because some of the performers here were absolutely game. De Pablo (appropriately wily and exotic as Shirah) and Brosnahan (conveying Yael’s resoluteness in the face of constant heartbreak) make for a pair of compelling leads. Unfortunately for them, the presentation of Shirah and Yael’s story is so fragmented that neither ends up being as effective as they could’ve been. (It might’ve been interesting to make Shirah and Yael the stars of their own Parts.) Neill seems to be enjoying himself as Josephus drips with disdain during his interrogation. (On the other hand, Hazeldine makes for a supremely bland bad guy as the Roman general.) I was also impressed by Prescott’s pluck as Aziza, who longs to be a warrior.
Even when The Dovekeepers touches on an intriguing notion, the execution is bungled. Shirah and Yael are tasked with passing down the noble story of the Sicarii, while Josephus’ inclination is to diminish and undermine their memory. The idea that the people who win wars are the ones who get to write history is fascinating, but it becomes less so when you have characters outwardly talking about how important it is for their stories to live on. Unfortunately for The Dovekeepers, it’s probably already been forgotten by anyone who tuned in.
The Dovekeepers is presented in an aspect ratio of 1.78:1. The 1080p image is arrived at with an AVC MPEG-4 codec at an average of 18 mbps. I mentioned the relatively lo-fi production values — this ain’t exactly Game of Thrones — but the strong visual presentation here gives the proceedings a slight boost. The image is clean, warm and blemish-free. I know this is a TV miniseries, but some filmic grain would’ve been beneficial here. Instead, much of the presentation has an artificial sheen that took me out of the time period. (At least the sheen is purposeful during Yael’s dream sequences.) Fortunately, fine detail is impressive throughout while revealing texture in the costumes and set design. My favorite part was the deployment of color: as the action flashes back to the past, the image gradually becomes more saturated. There are also pleasing pops of color among faded, black and white memories.
The DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1 track does a better job of replicating the scope of a large-scale production than the visual presentation. There’s an understated-yet-effective sense of immersion during busy scenes in the streets of Jerusalem and even during the more desolate stretches in Masada. The march of the Roman army also feels appropriately impactful thanks to the robust sound spread across all speakers (including the subs). And even though the climactic confrontation could’ve felt bigger than it was from a sonic perspective, there are subtle bits of directionality as flaming arrows fly from one channel to another.
All of the bonus material is presented in HD.
The Dovekeepers Taking Flight: (29:06) A pretty in-depth “Making of” documentary that covers all aspects of the production, starting with Downey reading (and becoming obsessed) with Hoffman’s novel on a transatlantic flight. The author pops up to offer commentary, and we learn she had story and casting input. We also see how the crew practically built a village in Malta and used special effects to incorporate footage of the real-life Masada.
Network On-Air Promos: (2:16) Four commercials touting CBS’ airing of the miniseries.
You may or may not be wondering why this thing is called “The Dovekeepers.” Other than the fact that Shirah, Yael, and Aziza are shown working in a dovecote in Masada for less than a handful of scenes — the birds were used to send messages of love —I honestly have no idea.
I admire The Dovekeepers for trying to bring back the network miniseries — coincidentally, this historical event was previously adapted into a 1981 miniseries with Peter O’Toole called Masada that aired on ABC — and for approaching its story from a different angle. (I thought Lifetime’s The Red Tent was more successful in bringing a female-fronted, faith-centered story to life.)
Unfortunately, this miniseries reduces the story of ostensibly resourceful women into a tragic melodrama that doesn’t deliver on its promise. | <urn:uuid:dc63fe02-abeb-405c-a467-e33fabfdc9a4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://upcomingdiscs.com/2015/08/14/the-dovekeepers-blu-ray/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.955898 | 2,097 | 1.59375 | 2 |
ACTC Conferences have become an important part of the landscape of Higher Education in North America and, increasingly, the world. This is in large part due to the excellence of so many ACTC members as scholars and teachers, but also because of our institutional commitment to a conference format that fosters serious, open-ended conversation.
Panels at our conferences are round tables. Papers must be unconventionally brief- no more than five pages long. And our panel sessions are unconventionally long — we strive to protect at least half of every session for open discussion. Each ACTC panelist must also commit at least twenty percent of their paper to serious engagement with a core text (with “core” being defined or problematized in whatever way the author sees fit). So, unlike at many conferences where papers are longer and Q&A is brief, at ACTC, we are deeply committed to creating opportunities for real conversations anchored by important texts.
We are also committed to interdisciplinarity. While many of the papers presented at ACTC would fit neatly within the conventions of an academic discipline, we also welcome essays that transgress those boundaries. So, we offer a distinctive opportunity for faculty and administrators to discuss timely issues of art and science, politics and individuals, the literary traditions of the West and the World, ethnicity, multiculturalism, and gender through the lens of thousands of years of texts and many intertwined traditions.
We also explicitly invite discussions of teaching. We have panels on learning communities, on how to conduct discussions, on how and why particular seem to be so effective, on the impact of writing and technology, and the many other efforts that programs and teachers put into making instruction more effective and more intellectually alive for our students. In short, we are about the special relationship forged by teachers and students over a good book.
And, we invite some of the most thoughtful, important voices in liberal education to be our plenary speakers. These are speaker who committed to producing scholarships at the highest levels and are just as deeply committed to thinking about the pedagogical and curricular challenges of teaching core courses.
Our plenary speakers and the attendees from North and South American, European, Middle Eastern, and Asian institutions bring with them the interests and concerns in building liberal arts curricula for undergraduates composed of core texts, that is, world classics.
These distinctive earmarks of ACTC conferences exist in their own ways in all of our conference programs, whether in North America or abroad, whether those gathered are professors, instructors, administrators, graduate or undergraduate students. | <urn:uuid:3d84f5e8-7b3c-4edb-83f7-1021b6893c7e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.coretexts.org/conferences/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.955495 | 522 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Multi-factor Authentication (MFA), is a second layer of security that reduces the risk of unwanted access to your account. It requires a two-step identification process every time you login to your account.
Depending on how your account has been configured by your financial professional, you may be asked to complete MFA setup immediately upon logging in. If your firm has not enabled MFA, you can choose to enable MFA within your client portal to add a second layer of security.
Once MFA is configured, you will use your email address and password to log into your portal and then verify your identity by either entering a temporary code from the Google Authenticator app which you install on your mobile device or answering a set of security questions that have been configured by you.
How secure is your client portal?
My firm has enabled Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA). How do I access my account?
How to do I enable/disable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) for my client portal?
How data feeds with Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) work | <urn:uuid:c1054a11-e99d-4a57-946c-a148071bd6d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://support.mpwealthportal.com/hc/en-au/articles/5145722287247-What-is-Multi-Factor-Authentication-MFA- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.923148 | 221 | 1.90625 | 2 |
1. Know Your Limits
The very first action is diagnose what exactly are your own boundaries in certain aspects of lifestyle.
Since most of us bringnaˆ™t actually ever considered it knowingly, we are not also clear of our very own boundaries. When someone crosses them, we become unpleasant but canaˆ™t truly specify as to why the audience is experiencing uneasy and just what boundary performed each other violate.
Whenever we aren’t free from our personal boundaries how can we count on the other person to learn and trust them.
Just take a pencil and report and spend time with yourself. Echo over the circumstances for which you believed your own boundaries may have been entered. Decide what borders had been those.
Identify what exactly is acceptable for your in certain markets and understanding not acceptable.
2. Communicate Your Boundaries Obviously and Properly
After you’ve demonstrably defined their limits, decide the right time to stay and go over all of them with your spouse. Pick a https://datingranking.net/blackpeoplemeet-review/ period when these include complimentary, calm, and somewhat available to tune in.
Getting polite, but precise inside selection of keywords. Stay away from over explaining, ranting, or rambling. Make it to the idea and connect the limitations really precisely.
Donaˆ™t fill the conversation with additional fluff or your own information will not be communicated demonstrably and can wander off in every the additional chat. Clearness in talk enables your lover to absorb the precise message youaˆ™re attempting to communicate and it will end up being more relaxing for them to remember the aim of this conversation.
Eliminate argumentative, nagging, and whining hues, as that might activate defensiveness and act as a distraction from the essential content, i.e. the borders.
3. Communicate exactly why is it so essential to put those Boundaries (in addition to Consequences of Not Maintaining these)
Just like you talk your boundaries with quality, you have to also connect why it’s so important for your relationship to maintain them, and exactly how breaking those limits will (or has been) adversely affecting their union together with your spouse.
If itaˆ™s about a significant material, you might like to put specific effects of breaking some borders. In reality, relating to some therapists, itaˆ™s difficult to set limits if there’s no conclusive outcome of breaking them.
Donaˆ™t exaggerate whenever position outcomes. Set useful effects that you could execute anytime the limitations include crossed, and which give enough comments and a clear information to another individual that they should end messing with your limits.
The magnitude of effects ought to be in positioning making use of the magnitude of boundary breach. If itaˆ™s limited boundary violation, let the effect be moderate. If itaˆ™s a significant boundary infraction, make sure the effect youaˆ™ve arranged is enough to send a clear and firm information.
4. Repeat the next & third action as numerous Time as You Have to
So now you might have to hold reminding your partner time and again when they forgetfully get across those borders.
Position limits can be something totally new on their behalf and call for them to alter her ways and objectives, therefore it might take sometime for them to conform to it, and there is a good chance that at first theyaˆ™ll cross the limits although youaˆ™ve only spoken of they.
End up being mild, however solid, and permit them the amount of time to regulate.
5. follow the borders and sustain Them
Remember that at the end of the afternoon, you only need to cannot manage more peopleaˆ™s actions and actions. You can do your best to communicate and discuss if their behaviors are bothering you, but you cannot stop anybody forcefully.
One of the keys in this situation is stay glued to your boundaries, and also the consequence youraˆ™ve set upon the infraction ones.
If you donaˆ™t stick to keeping your very own borders and beliefs, your partner may think really ok to cross all of them. Thus to coach visitors to respect their limits, youaˆ™ve surely got to remain consistent at maintaining all of them yourself.
6. trust their Partneraˆ™s limits to build up admiration for each and every Otheraˆ™s Boundaries
Presently there are several those who have their own protect up in relation to unique boundaries, nonetheless donaˆ™t hesitate in invading othersaˆ™ area and borders. When the other individual, in response, do exactly the same for them, they feel offended and uncomfortable.
Sow what you want to experience. Combat other individuals as you would want to feel managed. Admiration other people borders, prices, likings, and disliking, with the intention that ideally they actually do the exact same for your needs.
7. Set Limits As Quickly As Possible, Itaˆ™s Easier
It is much easier to say No to some thing in the beginning and get away from acquiring left or committing to things your donaˆ™t genuinely wish to.
Itaˆ™s much more difficult to say No to one thing when youaˆ™ve said indeed just to please each other.
Though itaˆ™s never ever too-late for course-correction and generating amends, itaˆ™s better to set limits as early in their connection as it can in order to avoid frustration and resentment later on. | <urn:uuid:fd27b694-e00c-46e0-b1a0-d20ec46a9af4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mypastaroom.com/the-second-key-should-gather-within-the-nerve-to/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948298 | 1,180 | 1.5 | 2 |
Disability Awareness Booklet
Teach your students about disabilities with this fun booklet! Simple, kid-friendly descriptions and clipart make these complex disabilities more understandable for students.
Disabilities Covered in this Booklet Include:
1. Visual Impairments
2. Hearing Impairments
4. Learning Disabilities
5. Physical Impairments
6. Emotional Impairments
7. Speech & Language Impairments
8. Cognitive Impairments
There is also a bonus page on anti-bullying included.
So Many Ways to Use Them!
National Learning Disabilities Awareness Month - October
National Disability Employment Awareness Month - October
Developmental Disabilities Awareness Month - March
Large or Small Group Instruction | <urn:uuid:b35cceea-d7c1-4414-b1ee-f44c55434be0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.teachergems.com/copy-of-long-vowels-freebie-5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.800846 | 178 | 3.734375 | 4 |
For anyone who loves theater, this contemporary history of Broadway is a pure joy! As audiences prepare for the return of live theater after an unprecedented absence of 18 months, an all-star cast tells the inside story of the last time Broadway came back from the brink. ON BROADWAY shows how this revival helped save New York City, thanks to innovative work, a new attention to inclusion, and the sometimes uneasy balance between art and commerce. Interviews with legends of the stage and screen, including Hugh Jackman, Helen Mirren, Christine Baranski, August Wilson, James Corden, Alec Baldwin, John Lithgow, Viola Davis, and Ian McKellen take us behind the scenes of Broadway’s most groundbreaking and beloved shows, from A Chorus Line to Hamilton. Archival clips of iconic performances by Lin Manuel Miranda, Patti Lupone, Bernadette Peters, James Earl Jones and Mandy Patinkin punctuate this hurly-burly ride through the main street of American show business. Now that New York City is facing an uncertain path forward in its recovery from a devastating pandemic, this documentary from Academy Award®-nominated director Oren Jacoby and the producers of RBG shows how Broadway led the way in the city’s last great rebirth and provides a model of how it can come back again.
"Critic's Pick! On Broadway sure knows how to work a theater-lover’s heart."
“This smart and spirited film reminds us that there’s still nothing in American entertainment like... Broadway.”
“Fast-paced and entertaining… Enhanced by a wealth of archival footage and clips.”
“On Broadway plays as a love letter to theatre, a lament for days gone by, and a cautious look toward the future of an American institution.”
“Watching the film could make any theater-lover’s mouth water.”
“On Broadway shows the theater has come back from many crises and that LGBTQ+ creators and performers have always been a part of it.”
“A captivating overview of how Broadway — once a cultural lodestar in America — lost its way, then reinvented itself... and continues to do so.”
“Delves into the 1970s’ near-demise of the Great White Way and the unconventional minds behind its revival, among them Stephen Sondheim, Andrew Lloyd Webber and Jonathan Larson.”
Directed by Oren Jacoby | <urn:uuid:0fe1db2f-aa1a-45d2-aa32-1e4d93ad73ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kinonow.com/film/on-broadway/60fb10104911f20001c71a85 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.897423 | 551 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Labour shortages and other issues have prompted 55% of managers at Canadian businesses to give their employees wage hikes, says a Bank of Canada report.
“Businesses’ most pressing concerns in recent months have been labour shortages, supply chain disruptions and the costs associated with these two challenges,” the Bank wrote in a report called, “Business Leaders’ Pulse: An Online Business Survey,” according to Blacklock’s Reporter
The survey was based on questions issued to managers on a monthly basis in many sectors, ranging from ranchers to factory operators, including those with fewer than 20 employees.
“Across almost all industries, businesses reported labour shortages are causing a loss of sales,” said the survey.
In addition to raising wages, 36% of managers said they were turning away sales, 33% were increasing overtime, 25% were contracting out work, 20% were offering workers bonuses and new benefits, and 15% were reducing minimum qualifications to hire untrained employees.
We apologize, but this video has failed to load.
In a June 1 report, the labour department said unionized private sector wage gains to date in 2022 were running at 2.3%, the highest average since 2014, while the hospitality industry was seeing average pay gains as much as 3.4%.
“If we were to see wages run substantially ahead of productivity growth, it would become a concern that in that situation, higher wage growth could start to become an independent source of inflation,” Bank Governor Tiff Macklem testified last at the Commons finance committee last April. | <urn:uuid:87f373c6-3ecc-4007-b3e1-c475187c154b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hiking.164news.com/over-half-of-canadian-business-managers-hiking-wages-bank-of-canada-toronto-sun/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.985016 | 322 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Summary of Types of Bonds, Classified by Issuer
Types of bonds
In the above table, bonds are classified according to their issuing bodies. Local Government bonds are regarded as public bonds in the same fashion as government bonds and government agency bonds.
In this diagram, publicly offered bonds bonds, joint bond government bonds, citizen participatory-type public market offering bonds, and private placement bonds are recorded in the Local Government Bonds plan drawn up by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, with the section inside the dotted line indicating Local Government Bonds issued as bonds.
Issuing groups include prefectural governments, government-designated cities, and municipalities.
Within these, public market offering bonds and joint Local Government Bonds are designated national-level public offering market bonds.
Resident target issre of public offering bonds public market offering bonds are bonds where the type of intended investors is extremely limited.
Private placement bonds are not sold by public offering and are not highhy marketable. | <urn:uuid:dabb6870-537f-4bf4-aaa2-4e19dfae42ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.chihousai.or.jp/english/04/overview06.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936792 | 199 | 2.5 | 2 |
Hyperspectral remote sensing of river macrophyte vegetation: towards an assessment of wildfowl and fish habitat quality
Conference: RSPSoc Annual Conference: New Dimensions in Earth Observation
Dates: 8-11 September 2009
Place of Publication: LeicesterAbstract:
Submerged macrophytes are key components of freshwater ecosystems but can prove difficult to monitor using digital imaging. In chalk streams, water crowfoot Ranunculus pseudofluitans ssp. pseudofluitans, a perennial, submerged macrophyte, is a keystone species forming a fundamental structural component which influences flow patterns and silt deposition, maintains river depth during summer low flow, and supports high densities of invertebrates. This serves to enhance system productivity to the benefit of fish populations. In addition, water crowfoot provides grazing habitat for mute swans Cygnus olor. To maintain aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem stability, there must therefore be a balance between the distribution and abundance of water crowfoot, mute swan population size and grazing, and the conservation of salmonid populations. This paper explores the relationships between hyper-spectral reflectance characteristics and the surface cover and depth of water crowfoot in a chalk stream. Soft classification techniques are explored as a method for assessing vegetation amount with increasing submergence in the water column. | <urn:uuid:4da14a47-99d1-42a1-9526-d05ded14ac14> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://staffprofiles.bournemouth.ac.uk/display/conference/12230 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.866542 | 278 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Scripture Reading: 1 Thessalonians 4:1-8
Scripture Quote: My Father has given me everything, and he is the only one who knows the Son. The only one who truly knows the Father is the Son. But the Son wants to tell others about the Father, so that they can know him too. Matthew 11:27 (CEV)
Just as the Word tells us that faith is dead without works, knowledge is dead without practice. It is not enough that we have faith in the Word, because we also must bring that faith to life. It's not just about persevering until the end. We must also grow better and walk more closely with God in the now. Our knowledge of the Word needs to be practiced with accompanying actions that live it out in our day to day existence. To talk about our faith but not to live it out will never get us into heaven or help anyone else. The aim and ambition of every Christian should be to please God by our actions and to be accepted by Him as we share what we learn with others.
Let the wonderful kindness and the understanding that come from our Lord help us to keep on growing and actively contributing. This is the blessing held out to us in the Gospel. We are given justification through His blood, sanctification by His Spirit, and eternal glory because of His intercession. His Word breathes life into all who receive it and its up to us to keep it alive for the generations to come - Pass your faith on.
Today’s meditation: Share the Word by living it.
Memory Verse: You protect ordinary people, and when I was helpless, you saved me. Psalms 116:6 (CEV) | <urn:uuid:0d9c19e7-22eb-4d4d-b5b6-7ce8f58ddceb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.writingforthemaster.com/daily-devotional/daily-devotion7310102 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.962328 | 355 | 1.5 | 2 |
With regards to vehicle insurance policies, there are lots of unique facets that influence your insurance quality. Staying Protected and liable with your driving can lessen your quality. When you are evaluating premiums, it can be crucial to acquire into consideration your vehicle’s product and product, the value, in addition to the frequency you travel it. If you frequently generate extended distances, you usually tend to be involved with accidents. Getting the appropriate policy to suit your needs is the best strategy to lessen your insurance policy prices.
Auto homeowners who will be average within their spending can be accountable for spending anyplace concerning $1100 and $five,000. Prices fluctuate drastically involving states and. In specified states, the worth for total coverage is twice that of bare minimum coverage. Here are some guidelines that can help get the most effective Price tag. Some states involve only an volume of liability minimal. Total coverage includes a $five hundred utmost deductible.
Selecting the proper vehicle is vital since some cars and trucks are more expensive than Other people, producing greater insurance policy premiums. Coverage premiums may also be greater for vehicles that are extra expensive to keep up and swap. Drivers with excellent driving documents are likely to get decreased premiums. Insurance coverage charges will also be impacted by gender and age. Young drivers are usually more risky than motorists of older ages. Insurers can also use credit rating scores to calculate the expense of insurance. Specified states have handed regulations that prohibit this kind of use.
You will find six primary types of vehicle coverage coverages. This coverage allows for the modification of your respective plan to protect various scenarios. It’s also crucial that you have legal responsibility coverage. Legal responsibility insurance coverage is required by legislation in most states, nevertheless you might decide on a distinct sort of coverage in the event you’d favor. Liability insurance coverage covers the motive force of your automobile therefore you during the event you are at fault in a mishap. It addresses The prices of Others’s accidents and damages, too professional medical payments.
A standard coverage will incorporate several forms of protection, which include liability, collision, comprehensive, uninsured/underinsured motorist, and healthcare payments. These coverages are vital, so make sure you have the proper quantity. Specific of those coverages could possibly be obligatory in certain states, while some will not be. To ascertain the most ideal car coverage protection for your needs, visit a web site which include Freeway Insurance plan. This can Allow you to help save money and time by presenting various protection choices.
Each individual point out has its own list of minimal specifications for auto insurance policies. These rules could be damaged into three figures. California requires you to have least protection of 15/30/five for bodily injuries legal responsibility insurance policies and thirty/50/5 for residence problems liability. These quantities can be quite distinct, and it’s essential to check the requirements of the condition previous to driving. Alternate insurance possibilities are a possibility, but it is not constantly the most suitable choice.
Most states have bare minimum needs for coverage. But some lenders involve full coverage. Total protection refers to the two collision and comprehensive insurance plan. It may be essential by the lender after you finance your automobile. Even though legal responsibility insurance policies covers damage to house of Other folks, it does not safeguard your vehicle otherwise you. To make sure the very best protection and one of the most reasonably priced Charge, you’ll be able to blend residence injury liability and bodily injury insurance coverage.
It all relies on what your situation is. It isn’t required by law but lenders will most certainly have to have it should they’re funding your car or truck. When you have a home loan or personal loan, the lender may perhaps have to have you to obtain collision insurance plan. For many people financing a car either new or 2nd hand, this coverage is needed.
Collision coverage pays the total worth of your automobile in case you’re linked to a collision. The insurance company could protect the complete expense of repairs however it will not be capable to switch your automobile if the vehicle is ruined beyond maintenance or stolen. You may additionally have to pay some personal funds to switch the car. This kind of insurance policies may demand you to find out the conditions before you purchase motor vehicle insurance policies. You should also have an understanding of the deductible, which can be different from your collision deductible.
There are numerous aspects to just take into consideration when choosing on a car or truck coverage Invoice. Sure states involve minimal levels of Home and Uninsured motor motor vehicle insurance policy. It handles the distinction between your charges as well as coverage boundaries on the at-fault motorist. Other states Do not demand underinsured driver protection. Here are some handy guidelines that can assist you discover the very best insurance policy plan to fulfill your preferences. These tips are meant that will help you narrow your search and get monetary savings.
To ensure your safety from injuries together with home damages, you will call for liability insurance coverage on your own automobile insurance policies. If you’re located to generally be at fault in an accident, this coverage will go over the expense of settlement or defense. There are a selection of alternatives available to select from for insurance coverage. It’s important that you already know the distinctions involving them to stay away from costly unpredicted fees. Condition Farm provides a median price for differing types of protection. A medium protection amount may possibly demonstrate to get much more beneficial.
In virtually all states, it truly is necessary to have legal responsibility insurance in your plan, which addresses damages to the home of Some others in addition to accidents to Other people. This type of insurance coverage will likely go over you in the event that you cause a collision with other drivers. This can be the common policy in the majority of states and advised For lots of motorists throughout the world. It is important to realize that the limits for legal responsibility insurance in each individual state are diverse. Your legal responsibility Restrict will determine the amount of coverage you would require.
In virtually every point out in the vast majority of states, driving without having legal responsibility coverage is in opposition to the regulation. Liability coverage will go over maintenance costs when you lead to harm to assets. Your car insurance plan coverage will not be capable to deal with harm to your automobile. There could exist diverse prerequisites inside the point out you reside in for liability protection. It is important that you simply verify your insurance coverage prior to buying it. Also, you need property insurance policy to safeguard your economical security. You are able to stay clear of substantial insurance coverage payments during the function within the celebration of a collision.
So as to deal with you in the event of a crash the policy you choose to get will have to have insurance for residence destruction. This protection covers any hurt you need to do on the automobile of An additional and features repairs. Also, it addresses the elimination of debris subsequent a mishap. A few figures are commonly used to address property. This handles bodily damage coverage for every person and residence hurt coverage for each specific. Bigger limitations present better protection. If you’ll find limits or exclusions, ensure you evaluate the policy.
Big apple legislation means that you can declare uninsured driver protection if another driver does not have sufficient insurance plan. This kind of protection is available in the event that the driver who caused the collision will not be identifiable plus the incident was successful-and–run. The Insurance Legislation SS 5217 states that the uninsured motorist insurance coverage must be ordered in almost any physical collision, nonetheless courts have interpreted this provision to only utilize inside a physical collision.
In selected states, the uninsured motorist and underinsured coverage can be obtained as an option. In other states, nevertheless the two are required to be obtained. Both equally of such coverages are able to be mixed to provide extra security while in the occasion of professional medical bills together with other fees. Uninsured motorist coverage will pay for repairs if the motorist is not insured. It is far from mandatory, but it could be useful to possess the minimum liability protection.
If you have not viewed as vehicle insurance policies, It can be an outstanding way to save money although also getting inexperienced. Decrease your insurance rates by purchasing an auto with protection functions like airbags and antilock brakes. Other basic safety capabilities, like anti-theft alarms/daytime working lights, may help you get discounts. Payment anxieties will likely be eliminated if you shell out your quality annually in the entire quantity. Around 50 percent of coverage organizations offer a reduction in this way of spending.
Your policy can be eligible for savings if it’s been in existence for numerous years. The discount rates presented vary determined by just how long you happen to be Together with the plan. On the other hand there are numerous corporations which provide discount rates for loyal buyers. If you buy your coverage within seven days of one’s renewal date, you could be suitable for an extra fifteen % discount. These reductions aren’t the only real Advantages supplied by selected firms. Some providers also give discount rates to employees in selected professions. Academics, As an illustration, get ten% off in their rates by Liberty Mutual. Geico provides 15% price reduction for military services personnel.
Will you be a younger driver in search of low-priced automobile insurance policies quotes. There are a selection of stuff you can perform to save money when acquiring car insurance plan. The following pointers could help you save many hundreds of bucks yearly on your automobile insurance coverage. You will also have the capacity to get the top premiums. Continue reading To find out more. You’ll be happy for it.
Young motorists can cut down on their car insurance policy fees by using safer driving, driving less and permitting the insurance company keep track of their driving actions. You can also minimize your rates by buying all around for vehicle insurance coverage. You’ll want to look around for by far the most very affordable automobile insurance coverage fees for you. This is straightforward With all the no-cost on line quote Resource for comparison. Additionally, many motor vehicles may be set together and presented a discount in the exact insurance policies supplier.
When you are searching for a policy, You should definitely Examine several offers before settling on the one particular with the best price and the highest excellent. Additionally it is probable to uncover an insurance provider who will get the job done together with you. This lets you adjust the plan as your driving routines adjust. Be sure to check out procedures that give equivalent sorts of coverage during the perception that the deductibles and limitations could come up with a an infinite change. A superb policy must include enough protection for drivers that are young to stay away from financial damage.
Reductions for no statements on vehicle insurance policies is a good way to suit your needs to save money on your rates. Check with your insurance company how they apply the price cut. Dependant upon the insurer the discount can range among 30 and sixty five% in the initial yr up to 65% in five years. Remember that For those who have a mishap, You will be responsible for two a long time of no claims bonus. Several statements also can do away with the no-promises bonus. It really is critical to notify your insurance provider right away When you are injured in a collision. If this isn’t finished, subsequent promises could be denied.
Coverage companies supply no-declare price reduction safety for around PS25. You can make a predetermined number of promises for every annum without worrying about the cost of your insurance plan climbing. It can be done so as to add it to an present plan Should you have no-promises bonus. In addition, you can transfer your no-statements price cut to a different insurance provider if you want. Switching providers on a yearly basis is a great way to maintain the no-claims price reduction.
When you are in search of low-Price car or truck insurance, growing your deductibles will assist in getting decreased fees. Increase your deductibles to avoid wasting 15%-thirty% in your cost, determined by selected estimates. The personal savings you will get will rely upon your driving habits plus your driving record along with the laws of one’s state. Your yearly top quality is often lessened by elevating your deductibles to as many as 40%
Whilst raising your deductible might not be the appropriate option for every individual, it could create a change in preserving you Countless pounds Over time. Authorities propose that you simply help save at least two months of residing bills, despite the amount of you choose to boost your deductible. It will even lower the cost of coverage you pay out monthly. It may also conserve you a major amount of money must you ever need to file an insurance policy assert.
For anyone with terrible credit score, it is possible to acquire a policy by means of an insurance provider that is regional. This will let you get monetary savings each month on the price of your month-to-month coverage and in addition provide fantastic customer help and Distinctive discount rates. It is feasible to obtain the coverage in all fifty states. It truly is achievable to also Assess premiums throughout states to determine essentially the most inexpensive charge. It can be crucial to understand that you may need developing your credit rating rating in excess of the class of. Particular motorists with undesirable credit rating histories can pay more than $four hundred annually.
Erie Insurance policies provides cost-effective vehicle insurance policy. The company is situated in Pennsylvania which is functioning considering that. Erie presents vehicle insurance coverage, as Together with home and life insurance policy. Erie provides coverage only in certain states. There more than 13,000 unbiased brokers all through The us. You can pick out in between an agent or an insurance company that is regional determined by your prerequisites. On the other hand, it is suggested that you choose to go through all high-quality print before making a choice.
It is best to Assess automobile insurance policy prices if you are a substantial hazard driver. Discover the most suitable plan for your preferences. Look into the level of protection that is obtainable within your location to determine if it can be done to get much less expensive fees. It could be a lot more affordable to buy far more coverage when there is fewer threat. It is all depending on your requirements. There are numerous options.
If You are looking for The most affordable auto insurance coverage quotes for high-chance motorists, Then you really are in luck. With only two or three clicks, you should be able to Identify one particular. Online can provide you with numerous estimates and coverage for under traditional insurance plan for cars and trucks. The online world helps make signing approximately insurance policy effortless. It’s all you have to do is complete an internet application and spend your premium. You’ll receive a card through the insurer as evidence of the insurance policies protection. At the time that is definitely done, you can begin driving using your coverage policy.
A great deal of insurance coverage corporations check out you like a significant-chance driver When you’ve got a bad credit rating score. As you are less likely to be able to file an insurance declare than an individual with great credit score, this is due to The truth that: Credit score scores are an essential Think about the way in which coverage businesses watch you. A DUI/DWI may possibly cause your quality to rise by as large as 65 %. This quantities to a $677 enhance with a six thirty day period policy. Insurance plan businesses also consider your driving record. A DUI/DWI could enhance your insurance coverage premium by around $174. Also the cost of a dashing ticket could enhance your quality by 45%..
A DUI conviction on the document could help you end up picking the most reasonably priced insurance company. There are a selection of solutions, together with American Spouse and children, Progressive, Point out Farm and American Loved ones. These corporations present lower charges to significant-threat motorists. They can also take into account your credit rating score in identifying the top quality. Insurance policy companies think about these facets when determining the amount of you pay for your plan. You may get your insurance plan fees better Should you have poor credit rating. Prior to making an investment, it is important to evaluate your credit history rating.
There are a variety of features to just take into consideration When picking one of the most reasonably priced vehicle insurance policy for motorists who’re younger. Your marital standing as well as age of your children are significant in the cost of your automobile insurance. Your premium may depend upon the kind of vehicle you push. It can be dearer to insure higher-performance autos compared to small-performance cars. It is crucial to select a auto with a lot of security measures for getting the bottom automobile insurance policy.
A terrific way to reduced the cost of motor vehicle coverage for young drivers is to lessen the quantity of number of protection you call for. Coverage corporations usually offer you reductions for students and motorists who’re in training. Should you be wounded in a collision on the other hand, slicing your coverage may result in massive out-of-pocket prices. This can be why you must carefully weigh the benefits and select the most value.
It is tough for teenagers to find reasonably priced car coverage. A policy for your sixteen-calendar year outdated driver is more expensive than a single for an adult. However, you could reduce the Charge by incorporating a teen on to an existing policy. The standard cost is amplified by $1,461 per year, but is often less expensive than paying for an insurance coverage on its own. For anyone who is a youthful driver, it’s possible you’ll qualify for reductions along with other Added benefits.
The expense of vehicle insurance coverage may differ As outlined by who you’re. This could result in These with higher threat needs the minimum reasonably priced insurance. Coverage corporations choose into consideration several different facets when selecting if they should insure you. These include things like your driving history and demographics together with your General risk profile. Five important facets to recollect when evaluating insurance policies rates. Understand that reduced costs don’t involve you to sacrifice excellent.
To start with, think about your zip code. Individuals residing in spots with substantial criminal offense fees will face more expensive prices. Insurance plan corporations consider the amount of traffic into account. Insurance corporations also think about visitors quantity. This could influence the price of your insurance plan. Make sure to Look at your regular monthly rates in order to avoid having to pay extra. In case you have multiple policies within the exact insurance provider, you could be ready to avail a reduction for many procedures.
Although credit score scores might not be lawfully used by insurance coverage firms in each individual condition nonetheless, they have to be viewed as when comparing vehicle policy rates. Hawaii motorists with poor credit rating will probably be billed 168% a lot more than very similar clear motorists. Massachusetts higher-danger drivers make 30 percent a lot more than standard motorists. Costs will rise for drivers who are new because of DUI, speeding tickets and weak credit score. It is critical to take a look at numerous estimates before you decide.
The cost of insurance policies is significantly affected by where you reside. If you live in a location with an excessive number of criminal offense and substantial premiums of accidents, it is possible to anticipate for being billed additional for coverage estimates. The cost of insurance policies could be influenced by things like visitors quantity or accident background. Insurance plan organizations also get into account a driver’s driving record in deciding the value they ought to demand for his or her policy. Generally, motorists having a very poor driving heritage are charged more above whoever has an excellent driving document.
As the cost of health care carries on to increase, vehicle insurance has elevated by fifty-one hundred pc in the last 5 years. Uninsured and PIP protection are mandatory for motorists. These necessities are bigger than regular. Big apple, in contrast to other states, needs drivers have PIP and legal responsibility insurance policies. These optional coverages increase the price of insurance coverage and may raise the price of insurance plan. Also, it is necessary to pay attention to their protection boundaries considering that some procedures give a reduced bare minimum volume of protection than other insurance policies.
New Yorkers invest two.eight percent on their own auto insurance coverage. That is a little lower in comparison to the nationwide normal of 2.40 p.c. The standard particular person pays slightly under those of their 30s and 40s. The rates are larger for those aged 70and above than Those people with significantly less driving encounter. Partners pays a bit extra, but nevertheless decrease than single persons.
In combination with reduced prices, drivers may also enroll in defensive driving courses. The lessons run for around 3 several hours and include dialogue about driver attitude and visitors procedures. They teach defensive driving that will help to scale back insurance coverage prices. They may enable to improve their driving capabilities by finishing a category, which could lessen the cost of an auto insurance coverage quote. Nonetheless the Insurance coverage Details Institute is able To help you in figuring out the exact coverage you demand.
When fuel prices may well differ throughout states, car insurance policies premiums in other states could be A lot more or less as opposed to charges in your own personal state. The proportion of drivers who are uninsured, condition insurance legislation and the rate for theft may all Enjoy a role Within this. Negative temperature may affect the price of insurance policy. The following desk illustrates the expense of motor vehicle insurance in every state. These estimates have been determined by an Examination of your coverage requirements of each condition.
Missouri is the sole condition which gives auto insurance coverage with complete coverage for less than the expense of Louisiana. Missouri expenses just $944 greater than Louisiana. It also has the lowest Value per capita and is particularly fifth in cost of dwelling. Texas motorists shell out 33% in their earnings on car or truck insurance policies. This is likely because of significant figures of drivers that are not insured in Texas and several lawsuits.
The typical national price of total protection automobile insurance in The usa is $1,771 for each annum. The state which has the costliest coverage Expense is Louisiana, using a high quality of $2,839, a 19% maximize from 2020. Maine’s insurance plan normal top quality is $858. It is because no-fault states have greater insurance policy rates. It is possible that the cost of auto insurance policy in One more point out is considerably more expensive than below. You’ll want to take into account several components, including the laws of your respective condition relating to insurance policy.
Have you been searching for superior-danger driver insurance plan in your area? Substantial-risk motorists usually fork out better rates for insurance policy than typical motorists. This is due to they have a tendency to get additional incidents or violations on their information. The state may possibly limit some time for this being 3 years, five many years, or perhaps for a longer period. Sometimes, special discounts may very well be supplied if you are taking a driver safety education program.
While the nationwide averages for top possibility driver motor vehicle insurance policies near me are rather consistent, you’ll find that premiums range wildly from condition to point out. There are some businesses that adapt their prices based on the point out These are in. You may uncover just one insurance policies service provider that offers one of the most comprehensive defense in a lessen Price regardless of whether your state is just not bundled. The most cost effective higher-risk driver vehicle insurance policies close to me arises from Condition Farm, that has a lengthy-standing track record for delivering superb provider.
You can find large-possibility driver vehicle coverage near to me by typing as part of your ZIP code and comparing estimates. Even though large-hazard insurance plan on cars is usually priced in a different way in numerous states, nearly all massive insurers will offer the protection. National Basic and other significant-threat companies supply insurance policy protection. When you have superb grades, a minimal danger car or truck, and can acquire an insurance policy plan that may be decrease you might be able to get 1.
Comparing car or truck insurance policy organizations has lots of Gains. We are going to examine The most crucial aspects, including ratings and discount rates together with customer support. It is vital to pick the ideal plan for your personal protection. So choose time and energy to go through the guidelines of various businesses. By the time you complete looking through this post, you’ll need a clear concept of which insurer provides the best coverage at by far the most affordable Price. Below are a few ideas to assist you to pick the finest 1.
You are able to check out prices from different corporations to ascertain the most aggressive motor vehicle insurance coverage price. Coverage expenses are determined by lots of elements. It is important To judge your distinct needs and Look at prices from many companies. It truly is costlier to insure sports activities cars and trucks than regular cars. Your driving file and your house of residence can affect on the costs you pay. It is feasible to check premiums and identify the bottom Expense Along with the similar protection as well as the exact deductibles through the use of a comparison Software.
The price of insurance plan is issue to substantial variants. It is actually consequently crucial that you find out the best way Each and every policy operates. The key variables that impact the expense of insurance coverage contain driving background, age, as well as credit history history. Compare the benefits offered by each enterprise, for example accident forgiveness or roadside aid. This could seem to be overwhelming having said that It truly is probable to match offers from various providers and select the most fitted just one. Here are some ideas that may help you get going.
In regards to the comparison of automobile coverage businesses it is suggested to begin with the J.D. The J.D. Power rating of auto insurance policies businesses. They can be dependant on the final results of shopper fulfillment surveys that go ahead and take sort of surveys that survey countless numbers of consumers of vehicle insurance nationwide. These scores are transformed into numerical scores which mirror the typical buyer gratification score. These rankings are revealed at the time a each year. The gold medals are awarded to the best-rated insurance plan corporations for every course. How does one determine if the coverage companies you are thinking about are reliable?
There are a variety of solutions to assess the economical strength of vehicle insurance providers. To begin with, you are able to Check out the AM Ideal insurance provider score, which supplies fiscal security scores for car insurance policy organizations. Ahead of choosing the appropriate plan, it can be crucial to find out if the insurance company is stable. This is an important facet of customer service. Before you decide to come up with a decision, you should definitely undergo all of the reviews and wonderful specifics.
There are several discount rates provided by insurance plan organizations. The bargains supplied by auto insurance plan organizations aren’t available to all consumers. So, It truly is important to Check out the web site to discover no matter if you qualify to the discounts. A lot of firms supply various discount rates. It is feasible to inquire your agent if you are experienced to acquire any special discounts. The method is usually rapid and normally takes less that one hour. Below are a few examples of possible vehicle insurance plan bargains.
Legacy Bargains: Motorists who are new can be qualified for a reduction when they acquire their policy in the dad and mom. The discounted usually is about 10%. This low cost may be used to thank your mothers and fathers through the years for his or her help of your small business. It could also make it easier to lower your expenses on insurance plan for your car. A lot of insurance policies companies provide reductions for more mature motorists. It really is well worth seeking into no matter if your enterprise gives such bargains. It is usually achievable to examine the procedures offered by American Loved ones, Farmers, or USAA.
There are several organizations that consistently deliver exceptional consumer treatment while in the coverage marketplace. Esurance, for example, acquired a rating of 4 out of five in the J.D. Customer support Ability Rankings are a superb indicator the mum or dad business has substantial expectations. The company scored much better than its rivals in all other spots, which include pricing and coverage solutions and its Internet presence and simply call centre Reps. (personalised support)
Although protection is The most crucial component for shoppers when obtaining insurance for their automobile, the customer service is equally significant. Prospects want to be able to Make contact with their insurers swiftly and have courteous provider. What this means is consumers want to listen to again from their insurers rapidly and be capable of speak with a person who is prepared to pay attention and supply solutions. Even though all car insurance plan firms may possibly give excellent customer care, selected are better than Some others. (Rideshare insurance policy) (just two clicks).
There are numerous factors that impact the premiums of car insurance coverage providers. Driving historical past and age are two significant aspects. Premiums will increase for motorists with undesirable driving documents or low credit rating scores. The expense of dwelling in the region you reside in can even influence the premiums. This is why, it is vital to compare charges of different insurance providers to find out the one which is best suited to your budget and your driving tactics. There are a selection of tips on how to reduced the cost of insurance policies, like cutting your protection or getting a defensive driving program. You can also pay back upfront for the full year of coverage. (Invoice on-line) (employee discounted) (at fault incident or coated accident
Other variables could boost your high quality aside from Individuals outlined. Your insurance policies provider may reassess the quality When you have a short while ago built a declare or have been charged with a visitors violation. You may also be suitable for a discount should you complete a safe driving study course. Insurance plan companies constantly modify their versions so as to determine the charges they cost. If you don’t have a driving history, you may see a lower in the expense of your insurance policies. (use-primarily based insurance) (rental automobiles);(car or truck repairs);(Secure driver price cut).
A comparison of insurance plan can help you to avoid unreliable suppliers. If a quote doesn’t involve selected protection or assumes improperly concerning the driving practices of one’s driver, it could be inaccurate. You could look at the ranking of insurance firms and their A.M. Very best ratings to determine one of the most reliable insurance policies supplier inside your region. Learn the way automobile insurance comparisons could allow you to get monetary savings. Subsequent, Review the highest insurance plan providers to locate the most reasonably priced offer to suit your needs. (incident no cost)
Your score on coverage based on credit history could be a excellent indicator of the chance you happen to be probably to tackle, but you should not Allow it dictate your rates. Coverage firms are not allowed to use credit score record by itself to lift prices. California, Massachusetts Massachusetts, Oregon, Utah and Vermont have legislation from insurers from using credit heritage to determine the costs of coverage. (could conserve)(new motor vehicle)(auto assert)
This type of insurance plan isn’t presented in every single point out. Shoppers are not able to make a decision if a business uses your credit score to find out the quantity they’ll be charging. California, Hawaii and Massachusetts prohibit insurance coverage determined by credit rating. Other states have similar constraints. The ultimate conclusion is your choice as for the degree to which your credit rating is suitable for you. (bike insurance policies),(roadside help protection),(bundling motor vehicle)(pet insurance plan),(true worth of funds benefit),(remarkable assert company) (yacht insurance coverage).
The expense of vehicle insurance plan bargains is influenced by a range of aspects, which includes age. Age has a greater affect around thirty per cent within your costs. In certain states, young motorists is ready to pay nearly four moments just as much for motor vehicle insurance being a thirty-yearold. Inexperience is an additional major explanation, because young drivers usually tend to be involved in incidents. You will get lower prices by understanding the aspects that have an effect on your prices. These are definitely just some of the numerous ways that your age could influence your insurance policy for your vehicle.
In general the older you are definitely the reduced your insurance policy rates might be. The expense of vehicle insurance coverage is going to be influenced once the male is more mature. Even though younger male drivers are more affordable than more mature counterparts, rates for drivers who will be in their sixties and seventies maximize drastically. Studies suggest that males are 2 times as likely to be in a vehicle incident than ladies. The gender gap as we age also shrinks. (coverage alternatives)(homeowners insurance)
It isn’t really stunning to discover that automobile coverage prices for males are more expensive than Gals. There are lots of explanations why Adult men drive badly, leading to much more mishaps and promises. But there are many variables which make Males more costly to insure. These are generally the top motives. Find out more with regards to the top rated components that impression vehicle insurance policies premiums by gender. The following pointers may help you decreased your premiums For anyone who is nevertheless unsure. (vehicle coverage guidelines)(car coverage estimate)(motor vehicle insurance fee)
Oregon Division of economic Regulation has issued Recommendations to car insurance coverage organizations to just accept individuals that never specify their gender. Insurance plan businesses are needed to report fees starting January one, 2019 within the occasion of discrimination against non-binary folks. These prices might be higher than All those for feminine and male drivers. Females can cut costs providing they are not way too superior. Will not be worried about the “non-binary” fee for younger drivers. (car insurance policy assert), (gap Insurance plan) (automobile plan). | <urn:uuid:35a5e9b4-f36c-4fd8-8d85-e165a67af636> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://joubonjatra.com/car-insurance-in-conneautville-pa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.956518 | 6,959 | 1.640625 | 2 |
have launched surveys about Plant Phenotyping on a biennal basis, in the last 6 years. The survey data are the main source which collect information by allowing us to identify the possible gaps and questions of users.
The results have been shared with the community and they are available on IPPN & EMPHASIS projects web-sites now.
IPPN & EMPHASIS have combined their effors this year so as to carry out a survey that gives us the possibility of having a global picture about how Plant Phenotyping is used within the community.
The GLOBAL PLANT PHENOTYPING SURVEY 2020/21 has been extended to ALL phenotypers in the word!
It will take 10 minutes of your time to fill out the survey by clicking on the link below: | <urn:uuid:12f039ce-e3a9-4afc-bd2c-49e8af3b8c37> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.sipav.org/en/47/GLOBAL_PLANT_PHENOTYPING_SURVEY_2020-21/396/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.906912 | 201 | 1.554688 | 2 |
THE CARNEGIE CLUB IS COVID SECURE
Carnegie Club Blog
Posted: 14 November 2017
Over the past few years the century-old glasshouses at Skibo has been undergoing careful conservation and renovation in order to restore them back to their former Victorian glory. The complex was designed and built by Glasgow-based firm Mackenzie & Moncur – the premier glasshouses designers of their day – for Andrew Carnegie. The firm also designed the Palm House at Windsor Castle, the glasshouses for the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew and even the original Skibo swimming pavilion. The records of Mackenzie & Moncur reveal that when Andrew Carnegie placed the order for the glasshouses in 1899, the cost of works was estimated at £3,583.
When they were first built, these steel and glass-paned glasshouses, supported by frames of Burmese Teak, were a riot of colour and fragrance. Filled with fruit, vegetables and flowers for the castle they were lovingly tended to by a large team of gardeners. The passage of one hundred and fifteen years had, however, sadly taken its toll on the once impressive glasshouses and they were in danger of falling into complete disrepair.
In order to restore the complex to its former glory, a programme of conservation and renovation has been undertaken over the past few years on these Grade-A listed buildings by The Carnegie Club. This listed status means that any work undertaken on the complex requires consent from planning authorities to ensure that is historically sympathetic, and that as much of the original structure as possible is retained with any replacements made with like-for-like materials.
Over the past few years, the Tomato House, Strawberry House and Melon House have all been restored, and even though work on the complex has not been completed in full, the club chefs are already reaping the benefits of the renovations. This summer the restored glasshouses were bursting with delicious produce and there was a constant stream of chefs trailing up from the castle’s kitchen to harvest plump and ripe tomatoes, chillies, courgettes, bell peppers and more. Micro herbs were also sown every two days and grown under a UV light to ensure a constant supply for the kitchens.
In the past month, work has begun on the Vinery. As well as the challenge of retaining as much of the original building as possible, this glasshouse has presented the club with an additional obstacle: the Vinery is home to a century-old vine originally planted by Andrew Carnegie. It has been shielded and protected from the work, and restoration is going on around the vine. The club hope that with some tender loving care, it will once again fruit white grapes soon.
Work on the Vinery is set to be completed in 2018, when the team will then tackle the most complex of the glasshouses: the Rose Walk. Following the completion of this work, the Mackenzie & Moncur glasshouses will once again be the crowning glory of the Skibo gardens.
Afternoon Tea is a quintessentially British activity, taken at country homes across the nation for over 150 years and still enjoyed at Skibo today.
An exhibition of legendary artist Ralph Steadman’s work on show at Skibo to members of The Carnegie Club is extended due to popular demand. | <urn:uuid:05735a29-2627-4982-884a-f57aea9c9ccd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.carnegieclub.co.uk/blog/2017/11/skibos-glorious-glasshouses-restored/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.971407 | 675 | 2.0625 | 2 |
UX Design Service
Our UX Design experts can help you to create the perfect user experience. Our professional and experienced team designs software user Interfaces, be it for applications being developed by One Beyond, or for our clients who wish to implement the designs and guidance into their own software.
UX, which is short for ‘User Experience’, plays an important part in designing software. Put simply, it is the way a user interacts with a piece of software or app, and how they feel when interacting with it.
UX Design at One Beyond
What is UX Design?
UX Design consists of a series of processes in which the user’s tasks, role, function, technology requirements, demographics and other needs are carefully considered at each stage of the software design.
Understanding the User
To put the user as the centre of the design process we first need to understand them, we need to get answers to important questions, such as:
- What tasks they need to complete, and in what order of importance and frequency?
- Where do they work from and what devices do they use?
- What are their frustrations with any relevant existing software?
These are just some of many questions that need answering to understand the user. At One Beyond, our UX Designers collaborate with our Solution Architects to run UX workshops, surveys and online/face-to-face interviews.
What is a UX Workshop?
In a UX workshop, our Architects and Designers create mind maps with the users. First, we discover the different end-user functions that the software must cater for. Once the functions are known we create personas for each function and then list the tasks in order of importance that each persona will need to carry out when using the software.
Our UX Designers and Software Architects will create an interactive prototype for the software using Axure RP (Rapid Prototyping).
Building the prototype page by page is a cost-effective way of understanding the software structure and allows us to walk through the user journeys for each task relevant to each user persona.
The end-user is engaged throughout the process and is encouraged to provide as much feedback as possible.
The prototype is adjusted and improved as the feedback is received from the end-user, and the user personas created in the previous step are validated against it.
Find out more about how we create prototypes in our Planning, Prototyping & Documentation section.
Once the prototype is agreed and we know the software page structure, we can take a more detailed look at the on-screen interactive components.
Our UX Designers and Solution Architects work closely with you and review all research data to agree the design and formatting for the user interface controls and presentation of visual information.
Visual Design plays an important part in the User Centred Design process. A good quality software product not only needs to be appealing to the eye but each element must have the right amount of prominence according to its own importance, guiding the user without them needing to think about where to click or type.
Behind our design, there is always an idea based on the original concept, and all aspects of the design work will be connected to our design proposal. This coherence helps the user to be comfortable and familiar with using the application
An interactive element like a primary function button with an action like ‘Add to Basket’ should be more obvious to the user than a secondary button with an action like ‘Cancel’ or ‘Close’. On touch screen devices the position of these buttons would be near the bottom of the screen, closer to the user’s thumb. The text shown on a button would also as descriptive as possible, for example ‘Send Email’ is clearer to the majority of users than the word ‘Submit’.
The image below shows a visual design for a mobile application designed and built by One Beyond, the design demonstrates the right balance in colour and prominence of elements, plus the position of buttons and spacing between text and imagery, allowing the user to interact easily and efficiently.
At the end of the process, our UX designers create detailed guidelines for the front-end developers, who then apply the approved design and implement required interactions into the application. This detailed guidelines help the developers to create great quality, intuitive applications for our clients. | <urn:uuid:2f8cd953-5d3f-4eb8-ba0e-7fc9a7263f92> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.one-beyond.com/services/ux-design-service/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.924156 | 892 | 2.0625 | 2 |
The Royal Law of Love Excludes Prejudice
1My dear brothers and sisters, fellow believers in our glorious Lord Jesus Christ—how could we say that we have faith in him and yet we favor one group of people above another? # 2:1 The Aramaic can be translated “Don’t be taken in by the face mask of people, but hold to the faith in the glory of our Lord Jesus the Messiah.” 2Suppose an influential man comes into your worship meeting wearing gold rings and expensive clothing, and also a homeless man in shabby clothes comes in. 3If you show special attention to the rich man in expensive clothes and say, “Here’s a seat of honor for you right up front!” but you turn and say to the poor beggar dressed in rags, “You can stand over here,” or “Sit over there on the floor in the back,” # 2:3 The Aramaic can be translated “Sit on the floor before our footstool.” 4then you’ve demonstrated gross prejudice among yourselves and used evil standards of judgment!
5So listen carefully, my dear brothers and sisters, hasn’t God chosen # 2:5 The Greek word for “chosen” is eklegomai, which is a form of lego (speak). the poor in the world’s eyes to be those who are rich in faith? # 2:5 See 1 Cor. 1:27–28. And won’t they be the heirs of the kingdom-realm he promised to those who love him? 6But yet you insult and shun the poor in your efforts to impress the rich! # 2:6 See also 1 Cor. 11:22. Isn’t it the wealthy who exploit you and drag you into court? 7Aren’t they the very ones who blaspheme the beautiful name of the One you now belong to? # 2:7 Or “the worthy name which was invoked over you (at your baptism).”
8Your calling is to fulfill the royal law of love # 2:8 It is a royal law because it is given by our King, but since he has made us kings and priests, it becomes the royal law of love given to his royal sons and daughters who are heirs with him. as given to us in this Scripture: “You must love and value your neighbor as you love and value yourself!” # 2:8 See Lev. 19:18; Matt. 19:19; 22:39; Mark 12:31; Luke 10:27; Rom. 13:9; Gal. 5:14.
For keeping this law is the noble way to live. 9But when you show prejudice you commit sin and you violate this royal law of love!
10For the one who attempts to keep all of the law of Moses but fails in just one point has become guilty of breaking the law in every respect! 11For the same One who tells us, “Do not commit adultery,” also said, “Do not murder.” # 2:11 See Ex. 20:13–14. Now if you don’t commit adultery but do commit murder, you are still guilty as a law-breaker. 12So we must both speak and act in every respect like those who are destined to be tried by the perfect law of liberty, 13and remember that judgment is merciless for the one who judges others without mercy. So by showing mercy, you take dominion over judgment! # 2:13 As translated from the Aramaic. The Greek is “Mercy triumphs over judgment.”
14My dear brothers and sisters, what good is it if someone claims to have faith but demonstrates no good works to prove it? How could this kind of faith save anyone? 15For example, if a brother or sister in the faith is poorly clothed and hungry 16and you leave them saying, “Good-bye. I hope you stay warm and have plenty to eat,” but you don’t provide them with a coat or even a cup of soup, what good is your faith? 17So then faith that doesn’t involve action is phony. # 2:17 Or “dead (fruitless).” See also v. 20.
18But someone might object and say, “One person has faith and another person has works.” # 2:18 Many scholars conclude that the ambiguity of the Greek text makes this the most difficult verse in all of James and perhaps in all of the New Testament to translate. Go ahead then and prove to me that you have faith without works and I will show you faith by my works as proof that I believe. 19You can believe all you want that there is one true God, # 2:19 Or “that God is one,” which is the Jewish Shema (see Deut. 6:4). that’s wonderful! But even the demons know this and tremble with fear before him, # 2:19 The Aramaic can be translated “they writhe on their bellies in the dirt!” yet they’re unchanged—they remain demons.
20O feeble sons of Adam, # 2:20 As translated from the Aramaic. The Greek is “O empty man.” do you need further evidence that faith divorced from good works is phony? 21Wasn’t our ancestor Abraham found righteous before God because of his works when he offered his son Isaac on the altar? 22Can’t you see how his action cooperated with his faith and by his action faith found its full expression? 23So in this way the Scripture was fulfilled:
Because Abraham believed God, his faith was exchanged for God’s righteousness. # 2:23 Or “Abraham’s faith was credited to his account for righteousness.” See Gen. 15:6.
So he became known as the lover of God! # 2:23 Or “the one whom God loved,” as translated from the Aramaic. Although the Greek text is most often translated “friend of God,” the Greek word philos can also be used as the love that bonds friends together. See also 2 Chron. 20:7; Isa. 41:18; Dan. 3:35 (LXX). 24So now it’s clear that a person is seen as righteous in God’s eyes not merely by faith alone, but by his works.
25And the same is true of the prostitute named Rahab who was found righteous in God’s eyes by her works, for she received the spies into her home and helped them escape from the city by another route. # 2:25 See Josh. 2. 26For just as a human body without the spirit is a dead corpse, so faith without the expression of good works is dead! | <urn:uuid:5efa2017-7964-43f1-8c97-eaaf75b3550e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bible.com/bible/1849/JAS.2.TPT | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.960987 | 1,449 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Middlesboro, KY, USA
Latitude and longitude coordinates are: 36.616894, -83.739494.
Middlesboro is the largest city in the region, located in the southeastern part of Kentucky, United States. Situated only one mile west of the Cumberland Gap, the city has a few nicknames like "The Magic City" or "Queen City of the Cumberlands", etc. It was incorporated on March 14, 1890, and named after the town in North Yorkshire, England. Local attractions include The Alexander Arthur Museum, Bell County Historical Society, Cumberland Gap National Historical Park Visitor Center, Ford's Wood Park, Middlesboro Mall, and Middlesboro Country Club. The city is home to Southeast Kentucky Community & Technical College. Middlesboro Bell County Airport is located close to the city's center. U.S. Route 25E also serves the area.
Where is Middlesboro, KY, USA on Map?
Road map of Middlesboro, KY, USA shows where the location is placed.
Satellite Map of Middlesboro, KY, USA
Middlesboro, KY, USA Lat Long Coordinates Info
The latitude of Middlesboro, KY, USA is 36.616894, and the longitude is -83.739494. Middlesboro, KY, USA is located at United States country in the Cities place category with the gps coordinates of 36° 37' 0.8184'' N and 83° 44' 22.1784'' W.
|DMS Lat||36° 37' 0.8184'' N|
|DMS Long||83° 44' 22.1784'' W|
Coordinates of Middlesboro, KY, USA is given above in both decimal degrees and DMS (degrees, minutes and seconds) format. The country code given is in the ISO2 format.
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- Aberdeen, MD, USA (39.514877, -76.174110) | <urn:uuid:af68c768-9291-412f-ae87-c36e6196c94f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.latlong.net/place/middlesboro-ky-usa-32469.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.819867 | 700 | 2.015625 | 2 |
A continuation of the non-digital Four Rectangles and a Circle
project. The core algorithm generates a band of
N columns across a prescribed box width (say 400px or 10% of the canvas width). To achieve a resonable fit we run two loops: the first
starts at box width / 2 and works to the left, first adding half a gap, then adding a column, then a full gap and a column and so on
until we hit the left of the box. The second loop performs the same task bbut moving to the right. This means there may be a slightly
larger gap either side of the box but they will at least be even and the gaps between the columns will be consistent.
The colour palette was pulled direct from one of the Four Rectangle studies, effectively a red, green, blue, yellow and orange. In one of
the additional works in the series I chose a blue range to emulate rain drops.
The algorithm is run 3 times to create three streams, each stream is backed by a white rectangle slightly larger than the box and
and tiny loop runs at the end to generate a stack of coloured boxed under the streams. | <urn:uuid:8a6f5037-9c34-4e1e-b78a-70cab0c6e5ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tobyskinner.co.uk/algorithmic/streams/index.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.872 | 244 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Friendly Versus Hurtful Teasing Boom Cards PLUS A Teasing Strategy Wheel
About This Product
In this product, students will learn the differences between friendly versus hurtful teasing. There are 25 scenarios that students will analyze and answer using a thumbs up or down. There is also a Word doc that can be uploaded and converted into a Google doc reflection sheet to send to students via Google classroom to reinforce the topics. Additionally, there is a teasing strategy wheel students can color and make (they will need a fastener to fasten the arrow).
To use Boom Cards, you must be connected to the Internet. Boom Cards play on modern browsers (Chrome, Safari, Firefox, and Edge). Apps are available for modern Android, iPads, iPhones, and Kindle Fires. For security and privacy, adults must have a Boom Learning account to use and assign Boom Cards. You will be able to assign the Boom Cards you are buying with "Fast Pins," (a form of play that gives instant feedback to students for self-grading Boom Cards). For assignment options that report student progress back to you, you will need to purchase a premium account. If you are new to Boom Learning, you will be offered a free trial of our premium account. Read here for details: http://bit.ly/BoomTrial.
A PDF with a paid link embedded into an image PLUS a printable of a teasing strategy wheel.
you may also like...
Check out these other great products | <urn:uuid:f7d49ff5-957f-400c-8acd-5d5aa6c8d6ed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://teachsimple.com/product/friendly-versus-hurtful-teasing-boom-cards-plus-a-teasing-strategy-wheel | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.928193 | 307 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Both stretch marks and cellulite are, truth be told, very natural parts of growing older. They are signs that you have lived a life and lived it well, perhaps borne the next generation or achieved personal athletic feats. Stretch marks and cellulite occur naturally as part of the body’s naturally-occurring aging processes and are very, very normal. That said, however, many people are interested in getting rid of them due to a host of reasons: excessive amounts of stretch marks or cellulite, regaining confidence in the body, or even for job reasons (specifically, for those whose careers involve maintaining a pleasing look to the body).
How, then, can you undergo stretch mark removal in Singapore or cellulite treatment in Singapore to make these marks go away and regain flawless, baby-smooth skin?
These treatments are prevalent across the market and provide ease of availability, accessibility, and affordability for those who prefer the convenience of at-home methods. They include over-the-counter topical creams and treatments (that you apply directly to the skin) as well as nutritional supplements that purport to promote the body’s natural processes. Stretch mark removal Singapore is rarely that easy, however, and so potential consumers of these products must know what they are looking for.
Common ingredients that are known to help with stretch marks and cellulite include Vitamin A – retinols and retinoids – hyaluronic acid, and centella, all of which may be familiar names to those who are beauty-savvy as they are frequently featured in many Korean skincare products. Other components that may help and soothe the skin include aloe vera and coconut oil, both easily found in your local grocery store.
Do ensure as always that your skin is suited for these treatments. Like with food items in general, you should always test out potential products on the inside of your wrist to ensure that you are not allergic to any ingredients in any of the products that you purchase. Even if you are not allergic to the main product, you may find that additional ingredients in the cream or supplement may cause a reaction in your body.
If you are also earth-conscious, you may also want to check out the company and product to see if they match your requirements for shopping organic or natural. As these labels are not necessarily well-regulated, there may be mislabelling in regards to what a product actually is. As always, research is essential to ensure that the products are what they say they are.
Your aesthetician or dermatologist may also have take-home options for you to try. Many will have their own recommendations or carry products that they have tested to be effective over the years. If you have a preferred or trusted provider, you may speak with them about this and ask what options they may have.
Your local dermatologist or aesthetic clinic may also provide aesthetic procedures for stretch marks and cellulite treatments in Singapore. Laser-based therapies are one of the most common, non-invasive treatments available to address stretch marks and cellulite. While they differ in approach, the basic concepts are roughly the same – these treatments use laser energy to penetrate the skin and promote the body’s natural processes – for instance, the additional production of collagen, which is important to the body’s elasticity. This additional collagen helps tighten the skin, and thus assists with stretch marks and cellulite as you can imagine. Radiofrequency treatments can do the same, except with energy waves rather than a laser, and some research has shown that when combined with other treatments it can penetrate deep down into the skin to promote collagen production at very low levels.
Other clinical procedures may include microdermabrasion, microneedling, and chemical peels. All three of these work rather differently to achieve a similar goal, to remove the dead skin cells from the affected area and thus stimulates collagen production as well. All three are clinical procedures done by experienced professionals, and are therefore much more comprehensive and potentially more effective than any over-the-counter or at-home treatments.
Which ones should you go with?
It does depend on the severity of the stretch marks or cellulite that you have. Less serious cases may do perfectly fine with a little over-the-counter or at-home treatment, but more serious situations may require aesthetic or dermatologic interventions by experts and professionals to tackle.
Overall, we recommend that you speak with a professional to assess the state of your skin, including but not always limited to stretch marks and cellulite. Our team at Healthsprings Aesthetics will be able to advise you on which direction to best take in terms of addressing stretch marks and cellulite removal in Singapore, regardless of what the state of your skin may be. We look forward to hearing from you! | <urn:uuid:6a4f16ed-56e3-4058-b134-e95e48b5ebce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.healthspringsaesthetics.com.sg/blog-page/everything-you-need-to-know-about-stretch-marks-and-cellulite/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.955908 | 989 | 1.5 | 2 |
As an architecture and city lover, it’ll probably surprise you that I’ve never been to Chicago. I think it may have to do with the fact that it has always felt like a sister to Toronto–another Great Lakes city of comparable size. And when you travel, you often want something novel.
But that’s no excuse.
Thankfully I’m happy to report that last week I booked a trip to Chicago for this August. I’ll be there for an extended long weekend. But since it’s for a bachelor party, it remains to be seen how much archi-touring I’ll actually get a chance to do.
When most people think of skyscrapers they think of New York. But in actuality, if there’s one city that gave birth to the modern skyscraper I would argue that it was Chicago. And it was made possible by the steel industry.
Before the late 19th century, tall buildings were largely built with their exterior walls supporting most of the loads. This meant that the taller you went, the thicker the walls had to be near the bottom of the building. This is why older buildings often feel so heavy and permanent.
But when structural steel became widely available, a new building form was created. All of a sudden architects and builders could create relatively light weight structural steel frames to support the building. The skin, or outside of the building, was no longer carrying the weight.
That made images like this possible:
For most of us today, this building under construction looks fairly typical. First the structure goes up and then it gets clad with its window and exterior skin. But at the time, this sort of construction technique–with the 3rd and 4th floors still unenclosed and the upper floors finished–would have blown people’s minds. It was an entirely new way of building.
Steel framed buildings removed the technical limitations of building tall and also opened up entirely new possibilities for architectural expression–such as the all glass building. Today, there’s a lot of criticism around our glass buildings. But it’s interesting to note that it started as the futuristic dream of architects.
Freed from the technical limitations of load-bearing exterior walls, architects such as Mies van der Rohe began dreaming of transparent, all glass buildings. For them it represented modernity. It was the future. Above is an early charcoal sketch of that dream by Mies.
But our fixation with glass and transparency has never been because of environmental efficiency. It was about light, transparency and feelings of modernity. So as sustainability becomes increasingly critical, we should remember that there’s still lots of innovating left for us to do.
Art and architecture has always been a representation of the time and era in which it was created–which is one of the reasons I’m so interested in technology today. It’s our era. It’s our “structural steel”. And it’s going to impact our cities.
When posterity looks back on us and what we’ve done, I’m sure that will be clear. | <urn:uuid:90f34502-07e0-4bde-b555-281afd21e6b3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://brandondonnelly.com/2014/06/22/the-birth-of-tall-buildings/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970506 | 656 | 2.21875 | 2 |
What is an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?
An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is a device that helps to fix fast, abnormal heart rhythms.
The ICD acts as a pacemaker but also has the ability to deliver a shock to your heart to slow down the fast heart rhythm and return it to normal.
An ICD is required when there is a disturbance in the heart’s ability to transmit electrical impulses. This results in the heart beating too slow or irregularly. Heart rhythm disturbance can cause dizziness, fatigue or a feeling of being generally unwell.
You will have a general anaesthetic for the entire procedure so any shocks delivered during testing of the device will not be felt.
How long does the procedure take?
An implantable cardioverter defibrillator procedure takes about one to two hours.
How long will I be at the clinic for?
You will be admitted to the clinic on the morning of your procedure, and then required to stay overnight as you will need to return to the laboratory to have your newly inserted device tested.
How do I prepare for an implantable cardioverter defibrillator?
Provide informed consent
Your doctor will explain your procedure to you and answer any questions you may have. You will then be asked to sign a consent form.
You will find a copy of the consent form below. Please download and read this document in advance of your visit. Your doctor will discuss this with you on your arrival, if they have not already done so.
Consent for Implantable Cardioverter/Defibrillator (ICD)
If you have any questions or concerns, or require any additional information about your procedure in advance of your visit, please let your doctor know.
If you have access to a printer, then please print your consent form and bring it with you on the day of your procedure. Otherwise we will provide you with a copy on the day to sign with your doctor.
If you have already signed the consent in your doctor’s rooms, then please disregard this instruction.
Contact us the day before your procedure
Please ring us between 12 noon and 3pm on the day before your procedure [tel: 02 9382 0700] to confirm your time of arrival, fasting and medication instructions. Please ring on a Friday if your procedure is on a Monday.
If you have special needs (these are outlined in the Before my visit patient guide) please let us know one week in advance of your visit.
All patients attending Eastern Heart Clinic are fasted prior to their procedure. Please follow the fasting instructions that are given to you when you ring us the day prior to your procedure.
- All patients must cease solid food six hours before their admission time
- All patients must cease clear fluids two hours before their admission time (note: clear fluids are NOT cloudy or milky drinks)
- From two hours before your admission – nil by mouth
For example, if your admission time is 7:00 am (please tailor this to your admission time)
- You can eat food up until 1:00 am
- You can have clear fluids (water, black tea/coffee, clear juice etc) up until 5:00 am
We will confirm the time of your procedure and when you need to start fasting when you call the clinic the day before your procedure (please refer to our detailed instructions in the Before my visit patient guide).
Patients prescribed Warfarin
If you take the medication Warfarin you will need to consult with your referring cardiologist who will advise you if you need to stop taking your Warfarin three days before your procedure. Your cardiologist may also advise that you need to take a substitute anticoagulant (blood thinner). It is very important that you do not stop taking your Warfarin until you have discussed this with your cardiologist.
Patients prescribed Lasix
On the day of your procedure:
If your procedure is scheduled for before 12:00 pm: Withhold your Lasix and bring in your tablets so staff can give them to you after your procedure
If your procedure is scheduled for after 12:00 pm: you may take your Lasix
Patients with diabetes
If you are prescribed insulin we suggest you take half your regular insulin dose on the day of your procedure. Remind the booking staff that you are on insulin and we will attempt to schedule your procedure as early as possible.
Insulin dependent (IDDM): You should take half (½) of your regular insulin dose (please bring in insulin)
Non-insulin dependent (NIDDM) – tablet controlled: You should continue your medication as normal
Non-insulin dependent (NIDDM) – diet controlled: Fast as per the instructions above
Oral Sodium Glucose Inhibitors
If you take any of the following medication – Forxiga, Xigduo, Qtern, Jardiance, Jardiamet, Glyxambi, Steglatro, Segluromet, Steglujan – please contact Eastern Heart Clinic for instructions prior to your procedure.
Aspirin, Plavix, Prasugrel, Ticagrelor, Pradaxa, Apixaban, Rivaroxaban
Your cardiologist will provide advice regarding if and when to stop other medication. All other medications include Aspirin, Plavix, Prasugrel, Ticagrelor, Pradaxa, Apixaban, Rivaroxaban.
We will discuss your medications with you when you call the clinic the day before your procedure (please refer to our detailed instructions in the Before my visit patient guide).
Skin and nails
There are no special requirements before your procedure in terms of skin care, so just shower or bath as usual. However, please do not wear nail polish to your appointment.
What to bring
Please bring your current medications as well as any blood results. Please read our patient guide Before my visit for other items to bring with you on the day, and for how to prepare for your procedure.
Can I drive (or fly) afterwards?
You are advised not to fly for 24 hours after your procedure. Please arrange for someone to drive you home if travelling by car, or to accompany you if you are travelling by taxi or Uber.
Please note that some airlines place restrictions on patients flying after certain procedures. Our staff will be able to provide you with guidance and advice.
As a general rule you should not drive for at least two weeks following the implantation of your defibrillator. This is to ensure that the leads have had time to become fixed into position. It is important that you abide by your surgeon’s instructions about when you can return to driving as there may be legal implications if you have an accident even if you are not the driver at fault.
What if I have questions or concerns?
If you have any questions about your forthcoming procedure, please contact your referring cardiologist or Eastern Heart Clinic on tel: 02 9382 0700.
What will happen before, during and after my procedure?
For a detailed overview of how to prepare for your procedure and what to expect before, during and after your visit to Eastern Heart Clinic, please read the following patient guides: | <urn:uuid:117e301e-44d9-45c3-a2a2-a384739d3a7e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ehc.com.au/implantable-defibrillator/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.916339 | 1,545 | 2.109375 | 2 |
CUI Sensor / CUI Prediction – Fusion 310
Trisense has developed a wireless RH/T Sensor to measure Relative Humidity, Temperature and Water Presence inside the insulation of cladded piping. Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI) is often the most costly challenge for the process industry. Each year the processing industry, e.g., Oil & Gas companies, spends significant amounts of money connected to inspection and upgrade of insulated pipelines to prevent risks associated with CUI
Data from the CUI sensor is used to monitor kilometers of insulated piping to detect abnormalities and just as important – to eliminate unlikely areas of CUI. In this way removal and re-installation of cladding and insulation in unaffected areas can be reduced significantly
The sensors are designed for use in hazardous areas and comes with ATEX, Zone 0 certification.
No need for gateway deployment as the sensor is communicating via the 4G cellular network utilizing NB IoT/LTE technology. | <urn:uuid:b99cff09-fd01-41f7-aae4-4885160905f6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://trisense.no/products-services/relative-humidity-sensor/cui-sensor-relative-humidity-fusion-310/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936965 | 193 | 1.898438 | 2 |
I don’t know what’s going on. My son needed a filling. I told my dentist I wanted him to have a white filling. He said children can’t get white fillings. I told him that’s all my nephews have and he relented. The filling fell out two weeks later and all he said is, “I told you children can’t have white fillings and you wouldn’t listen.” So, is he right? If so, how do my nephews have them?
Here’s the situation. The bonding procedure for the amalgam (silver) fillings is completely different from the procedure for the composite (white) fillings. If he doesn’t place many composite fillings he’s likely not as skilled in getting them secure.
The only real problem in placing them on children is the fact that they have to remain completely dry during the bonding procedure. Children are naturally wiggly and their tongues can get in the way. If any moisture sneaks in it will break the bond.
That doesn’t mean that your son has to get the amalgam fillings. He just needs to see a dentist who is skilled at placing them and also treats children. In all honesty, that’s not nearly as hard as it sounds.
The first thing I’d look for is a mercury-free dentist. These dentists only place white composite fillings and are therefore skilled in the procedure to place them. Then, you just need to know if they treat children.
Must Children See a Pediatric Dentist?
General Dentists are qualified to treat children, so your son doesn’t have to see a pediatric dentist. They’ve all done a pediatric rotation. However, if you want your son to have a good experience, you need to be certain the dentist actually enjoys treating children.
One way to do that is to ask what age they first like to see them. If they say around 8 or 9 years old they don’t really enjoy children. However, if they say 2 or 3 then you can be sure they like taking care of children.
Though, do check their reviews. It’s important children have positive experiences with the dentist. Most people who avoid the dentist as an adult, do so because of traumatic experiences in their childhood. If they love the dentist while their children, they’re much more likely to keep going in adulthood.
This blog is brought to you by Auburn Dentist Dr. Raymond Bolt. | <urn:uuid:829cffae-7a01-4abe-bca6-4102dbc66560> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://auburnfamilydentist.com/blog/pediatric-dentist-blames-son/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.966244 | 540 | 1.648438 | 2 |
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Master of Science (MS) in Biology
The fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has led to the decline and extinction of many amphibian populations, but some bacteria in the skin microbiome can inhibit its growth. In Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge (TNWR) in eastern Washington, Bd is highly prevalent, but the role of the skin microbiome in Bd infection dynamics have not been examined in this region. We hypothesized that frogs with lower Bd infection intensities would have higher skin bacterial diversity and more abundant anti-Bd bacteria, indicative of a more protective function. Our study combined cultureindependent and culture-dependent methods to assess the relationship between Bd and the microbiome of the Columbia Spotted Frog (Rana luteiventris, N=46) and the Pacific Chorus Frog (Pseudacris regilla, N=72) in TNWR. We characterized skin bacterial diversity with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing on Illumina MiSeq, and quantified Bd infection intensity with qPCR. P. regilla had significantly higher Bd infection intensities (14,480 zoospore equivalents, number of zoospores per swab) and prevalence (91.43%) compared to R. luteiventris (intensity: 1,647.36 zoospore equivalents, prevalence: 67.74%). To evaluate whether these infection differences correlate with the skin microbiome, a culture-dependent method was used to determine which bacterial isolates produce anti-Bd metabolites in in vitro co-culture assays, followed by a comparison of culture and culture-independent DNA sequences to determine relative abundance of anti-Bd bacteria on wild frogs. PCF and CSF had significantly different skin microbiomes (p=0.001, pseudo-F=19.07, PERMANOVA), and the two species varied in the interaction between the microbiome and Bd. Bd infection intensity was significantly correlated with the skin microbiome in P. regilla (Mantel test, r=0.43, p=0.02), which had higher Bd levels, but this pattern was not observed in the less infected R. luv (Mantel test, r=-0.0086, p=0.93). Lastly, for P. regilla only, skin microbiomes varied across wetland sites (PERMANOVA, p=0.004), which could explain the variation in Bd infection intensities observed across sites in this species (p=0.038, Kruskal-Wallis). These results are a basis of understanding for the Bd-microbiome relationship and for frog conservation in this area.
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Dodd, Krista S., "The role of the skin microbiome in amphibian pathogen susceptibility in Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge" (2022). EWU Masters Thesis Collection. 747. | <urn:uuid:03ab2f99-0075-4a3e-8a7b-db605be1d481> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dc.ewu.edu/theses/747/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.873882 | 743 | 2.078125 | 2 |
When people get interested in trading, there is usually only one reason behind it: money. And there is nothing wrong with that! Trading is a great opportunity to generate an income where you are not paid by the hour but by your performance. And as a swing trader, trading can even become an almost passive income where you only need to put in a few hours every week.
Being motivated by money can be a great driver. However, this can also quickly change into the contrary when a trader approaches his monetary goals from a wrong perspective and forgets about the whole picture.
In this article, we want to highlight some research findings that show that when people view money in the wrong context it can actually harm their trading and, then, we want to help you adopt a healthier relationship with it to set yourself up for success.
If you need money, you won’t get it – research confirmed
When it comes to being driven by money, there are usually two things that happen when a trader has a wrong perception:
#1 Unrealistic expectations
We are all guilty of that to some degree: when starting out as new traders, we projected that it would only take a few years to turn a few hundred or thousand Dollars into a huge pile of cash and quit our day jobs. Having unrealistic goals quickly leads to frustration when those expectations aren’t met. The quitting rate for new traders is astronomical (40% quit within 1 month) and one of the main reasons are probably wrong ideas and expectations.
Once a trader sees that trading isn’t going to be the easy and fast way out, there are usually three things that happen: he either quits, he takes a riskier approach to trading (larger positions, more trades, gambling mentality), or he starts system-hopping if he still believes that there must be a trading method out there that can generate those returns.
“Investors with a large differential between their existing economic conditions and their aspiration levels hold riskier stocks in their portfolios.”
– Kumar: Who Gambles In The Stock Market? – Accessed through: econ.yale.edu
#2 The need to trade
High expectations, as we said, can lead to taking more trades and increased risk-taking to meet one’s return goals.
Especially traders with small accounts struggle with that because they soon realize that a small account will not get them to where they want to be. Although you can read that trading a small account is no different, it’s just not true. Trading with less capital is definitely harder – much harder. With a small trading account, your wins are often close to meaningless which then creates the need to trade more and introduce more risk in your trading.
“High net worth investors are likely to have lower turnover.”
– Anderson, Stranaham: Account Turnover and Demographic Profiles: Which Investors Trade Too Much? – Accessed through: Bradley.edu
What not do when it comes to trading goals
When it comes to setting goals, there are a few don’ts and I will explain why you have to avoid them at all costs if you want to become a better trader.
#1 Daily/weekly return goals
I see so many traders say that they want to generate 3%, 4% or 5% per week because they have calculated that this will help them achieve their goals in a certain amount of time.
Monetary goals are the worst of all because it creates the need to trade and it puts the traders in a constant state of hunting for signals. 99% of the time, such traders will never meet their goals and they end up losing money because they take mediocre trades, hoping to realize their target.
You can’t control how much you can take out of the market. The only thing you can control is the risk of your trade and the types of trades you take. The outcome is not in your hands. Some weeks, you will get more and better trades and sometimes you just have to sit it out. You have to eliminate the need to trade as much as you can.
#2 Capturing x points per week
Go to any trading forum and you’ll see people looking for methods that give them 20 pips per day or 100 pips per week. Again, those traders tackle the problem from the wrong side and measuring performance in pips is meaningless because you neglect the risk-aspect of your trades.
Traders who set themselves points/pips related goals are more likely to close winning trades too early when they hit their goal and rob themselves of making larger gains. Or, they desperately try to ride trades too long and then end up with nothing. Always stay open-minded and take what is available.
Characteristics of good goals
When it comes to goal-setting, whether it’s trading-related or in your regular life, you have to set goals that can be achieved through your own actions. Often, people set goals that they have no control over and then they are frustrated when they don’t reach them.
This becomes obvious when we come back to our two anti-examples. Setting yourself the goal of achieving a certain amount of %-return is not going to work because you have no control over it and no matter how hard you try, your actions don’t control the outcome. You can’t control if the market gives you enough signals, if the signals lead into profitable trades and how long you can ride your trades.
The graphic below compares the things that we as traders can’t control and the things we can control in our trading. At first glance, it is obvious that 90% of all traders focus exclusively on the left side and they try to control the uncontrollable. They are even often completely blind to the fact that as traders we have so many things we can influence and then see themselves as victims.
By the way, there is a great non-trading related TED talk about setting goals, being your own coach and think in terms of the process: Building your inner coach by Brett Ledbetter
The right goals
Now let’s explore how goal setting is really done in trading and what you should be focusing on if you want to become a better trader. Here are 4 things that will almost guarantee trading success:
This is also the so-called process-oriented mindset where you detach yourself from the outcome of a trade and only focus on making the best trades possible and follow your rules as closely as possible. It sounds cliché, but it’s the so important if you want to improve as a trader.
Even with a good system, you will often have losing trades and there is nothing wrong with that. You only have to control your reaction to those losses. Thus, you should accept that as long as you follow your rules, you have done your job as a trader and that it’s not your job to force trades into winners.
Many (or most) losing traders don’t follow a routine and their trading is all over the place. A good routine will help improve your trading A LOT because it adds structure and a new level of professionalism. I love and honor my routine and it gives me structure and certainty. I know that as long as I follow my routine and do my work, I have done everything I was supposed to do.
My edge is directly related to the quality of the work I put into my trading.
#3 Habits to form a routine
This ties in with the previous point. We have all heard the quote below so many times that it has lost its meaning, but it so true. A professional trader is a structured and organized trader who has adopted good and helpful habits.
We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. Aristotle
Here are some of my personal habits that I connect with successful trading:
- Setting a few hours aside every Sunday to recap my last trading week and create extensive trading plans for the upcoming week.
- Using a physical checklist before entering trades to make sure I avoid unnecessary mistakes.
- Journaling all my trades after I have taken them.
- Performing a detailed performance review each Saturday and going over all my past trades once again to find weaknesses and analyze trading behavior.
You can see, there is no secret or something earthshattering new here. Successful trading is the sum of repeating good habits that form your routine.
A personal tip: create an environment where you enjoy the process. Each Sunday, I start with a gym workout, I go for a swim and have a good breakfast at my favorite restaurant. Then, I head to my favorite coffee shop and do my Sunday prep for the next 4/5 hours while enjoying amazing coffee, nice company, and some good music. I wouldn’t miss this routine for the world and for me this does not have anything to do with work.
#4 Recognize and focus on progress
This is especially important for new traders or people who trade with small trading accounts. It’s very easy to get demotivated and frustrated if you are not seeing the level of success you were hoping for. However, to make sure that you are growing, focus on how far you have come already. Remind yourself of where you are coming from and how you started and how much progress you have made already. It’s unrealistic to believe that you can become a professional trader within 1 or 2 years, but by making constant improvements week after week, succeeding is not an accident but it’s plannable.
“You don’t try to build a wall. You don’t set out to build a wall. You don’t say ‘I’m going to build the biggest, worst, greatest wall that’s ever been built.’ You don’t start there. You say ‘I’m gonna lay this brick as perfectly as a brick can be laid,’ and you do that every single day, and soon you have a wall.” – Will Smith | <urn:uuid:28fab79e-ba0c-42b9-b567-e1b62824c782> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tradeciety.com/tips-and-tricks-for-setting-goals-and-performance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.96286 | 2,092 | 2.125 | 2 |
Talking to Friends
In his new book, Malcolm Gladwell works with the stories of Bernie Madoff, Amanda Knox, Jerry Sandusky, Sandra Bland, Larry Nassar, and others. He walks us through “things misunderstood and overlooked.”
Malcolm Gladwell is a storyteller who easily persuades his listeners that he is an expert. He works nimbly with other people’s ideas and makes them accessible for mass consumption by giving old ideas a catchy new name (outlier, blink, or tipping point) and weaving familiar stories around them. In his new book, Talking with Strangers, he works with the stories of Bernie Madoff, Amanda Knox, Jerry Sandusky, Sandra Bland, Larry Nassar, and others. The approach he uses is similar to what he does on his popular podcast, “Revisionist History.” He walks us through “things misunderstood and overlooked.”
The conversation to which Gladwell invites us begins with a conundrum. As our contacts have become more global and our circles of interaction more diverse, we inevitably find ourselves communicating with strangers. How do we know we can trust them? Gladwell asserts that most of us begin with the assumption that strangers are telling us the truth (Truth Default Theory) and that what we see in our first impressions is who the stranger really is (Transparency). At the same time we don’t assume that everything about us is immediately apparent, because we know we are complex and variable. This difference in the way we perceive ourselves and strangers Gladwell calls The Illusion of Assymetric Insight.
Much of the time the assumptions with which we begin work out okay, but sometimes they don’t and communication goes off the rails. Others aren’t as transparent as we think, and we misjudge them. Sometimes we make the wrong gamble in determining truth and falsehood. Gladwell’s stories are demonstrations of how quickly things can go wrong (Sandra Bland and Amanda Knox) and how long the miscommunications can flounder before the house of cards collapses (Bernie Madoff, Jerry Sandusky, and Larry Nassar). When things fall apart there is a scramble to assign blame. Why didn’t someone do something to stop the travesty? We refuse to see that the failure to stop bad from going to worse is due to others doing what we ourselves do, most of the time. We assume people are transparent and are revealing the truth about themselves, and we trust our own perceptions.
What gets us off track sometimes is our failure to balance immediate considerations with longer-term considerations. This Gladwell calls myopia, a word play on short-sightedness. Furthermore we often fail to modulate our perceptions by considering their context. It’s as true of others as it is true of us that we act in certain ways because the context allows it. In a different context our actions might be different.
Obviously Gladwell is distressed by those incidents in which matters took a disastrous turn. He grasps for ideas that could help us deal more effectively with strangers. It seems the best he has to offer is that we should accept our limits. We should admit to ourselves that we aren’t very good at figuring out the strangers with whom we interact.
“Whatever it is we are trying to find out about the strangers in our midst is not robust…. The thing we want to learn about a stranger is fragile. If we tread carelessly it will crumple under our feet. And from that follows a second cautionary note: we need to accept that the search to understand a stranger has real limits. We will never know the whole truth. We have to be satisfied with something short of that.” (p. 262)
What if we move beyond what Gladwell is offering and compare the way we deal with strangers and the way we deal with friends. Real friends, deep friends, aren’t all the people in the contact lists of our computers. They aren’t just people we like for the moment. They are people we know well, in many settings over many years, and even through the course of experiences that have changed them.
That’s the way real friends know us too. They’ve been with us in our good and bad moments, in the times when we were shaken and those times when we were steady. They’ve observed us when our characters were shiny and good and also the other times when the tarnish was more visible.
Are we inept dealing with strangers because we are neglecting time engaged with friends? We are spending more time in one dimensional, quickly passing encounters with people we don’t know, and we don’t intend to know. We interact with them because we want to get something done. More and more our lives are organized that way. That’s bad news for the strangers with whom we deal. It’s also bad news for us because over time our own default position shifts, and we are more comfortable acting like a stranger than a friend.
This is not a new idea. It is nearly two decades ago that Robert Putnam suggested in his book Bowling Alone (2000) that our communities are dissolving as we engage in fewer activities together. It is nearly a decade ago that Sherry Turkle warned us in Alone Together (2011) that technology separates us from each other. She followed that up with Reclaiming Conversation (2015) in which she cautioned that the flight from face to face encounters reduces our comfort with relationships and our capacity for empathy.
Is it possible that the more we neglect time spent with others who know us deeply, the more comfortable we become acting like strangers? Is our own default position shifting from that of friend to that of stranger? Our habitual ways of perceiving strangers is one dimension of the problems we have trusting strangers, but an equally important dimension of the problem is our own discomfort acting like a friend. The test is not whether I perceive the other as a friend or a stranger. The real test is what I assume about myself in any given situation. Which persona is my own default? Am I more tuned into being a friend or being a stranger? | <urn:uuid:55feee01-7075-47f9-81d4-286140ec4954> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://maryvandergoot.com/tag/social-commentary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.958465 | 1,273 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are key drivers of growth and innovation across all industries, and the education sector is no different.
The pandemic completely changed the way education was delivered, with online classes, assignments, and tuitions, technology was key. According to eLearning Industry, upwards of 47% of learning management tools will be enabled with AI capabilities in the next three years.
The artificial intelligence market size in the education sector in the US has the potential to grow by US$253.82 million during 2021-2025, and the market’s growth momentum will accelerate at a CAGR of 49.22%, found technavio.
AI has the power to optimise both learning and teaching, helping the education sector evolve to better benefit students and teachers alike. We take a look at three different ways AI has been used in education.
3. Task automation
Repetitive tasks that are done on a daily basis such as marking and administrative work can be made easier with the help of AI. For example, at universities, admission staff are often asked about the admissions process, which can become quite repetitive. For a situation like this, an AI-powered chatbot could be used, relieving staff.
2. Accessible learning 24/7
AI-powered learning can allow for fewer restrictions. It can help students learn at their own pace and also make it learning possible from anywhere and anytime. Students can often find it difficult in school if they cannot keep up with the pace, AI can allow for personalised programmes and studying at the pace that suits the student. This flexibility reduces the burden on the students which can have a very positive impact on their final grades.
Many students require additional help after actual lessons to clarify certain concepts. AI tutors can help solve this issue. For instance, Cloudbot AI can converse with students about the problems that they are facing and further, correct the mistakes of the students in real-time.
1. Personalised learning
As diversity increases in education (language, background, etc), more educators are needed to provide individualised support to students. A way of doing this is through technology, using AI to personalise every student’s learning journey.
AI can help teachers by figuring out how to assist students with learning, and it can create personalised lesson plans to meet the specific needs of the students. The Harvard Business Review reported that AI-based learning systems provide educators with information like the learning style of the students, their progress, and abilities.
With personalised learning, the students are offered an educational approach that caters to their individual needs and abilities and thereby, increasing their motivation. Technology can provide each student with individual learning material based on their knowledge gaps, learning pace, and preferences. Likewise, educators are able to more easily track students’ progress. | <urn:uuid:a847976b-1d83-4deb-aff7-c8e26918a88f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aimagazine.com/technology/3-ways-implementing-ai-has-changed-education | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.961541 | 580 | 3.015625 | 3 |
This appeared as an article in ALOE 38:31 (2001). Unfortunately there was a problem with illustrations and captions and these are corrected here. A comment is also added as an addendum to respond to criticism by I.Breuer published in Alsterworthia 2:13(2002).
I described Haworthia serrata in 1973 (Jl S.AFr.Bot.39:249, see Figs.1) from Oudekraal, southwest of Heidelberg. I commented then on the wisdom of describing a new species when “the recognition, estimation of taxonomic rank and circumscription of elements in Haworthia…” was so problematic. The new species was said to resemble H. emelyae var. multifolia (Figs.2). In respect of its distribution, I said it was closest to H. heidelbergensis at Heidelberg (Figs.3 JDV87/1) and as at Matjestoon (Fig.4 JDV87/3), and also to H. sublimpidula at Swellendam (now known to be H. floribunda var. major (Fig.5 MBB6859, taxonomically with little connection to H. rossouwii). The implication was that it could have been taxonomically related to those elements in terms of geographic distribution. I was still puzzled by the relationships of H. serrata when I wrote (New Haworthia Handbook :55, 1982) that collections by C.Burgers from the Coastal Limestones might throw more light on the matter (Fig.6 MBB6985 H. mirabilis var. calcarea).
In his revision of Haworthia (1983), C.L.Scott recognised my species. He confused it, and illustrated it, with a photograph of H. mucronata var. mucronata sensu Bayer (1999), which he called H. mclarenii. This does exemplify the problem of look-alikes in the subgenus, and this curiously does have some connection to the actual problem.
When I wrote Haworthia Revisited (1999), I was still not sure what the real affinities of H. serrata were. I mentioned that my 1982 observations were vague because of the unusual elements which occurred in the Coastal Limestones. I described these as new: H. mirabilis var. calcarea from DeHoop (see Fig.6), H. variegata var. petrophila (CBurgers2158) from Karsriver and H. heidelbergensis var. minor from N Bredasdorp (Figs.7 JDV86/5). In my 1999 classification, I placed H. magnifica var. paradoxa (Figs.8 JDV86/78 & 94/89) in H. mirabilis, suggesting that it may have a connection there via the var. calcarea and an element from the Potberg (CBurgers 2018) which I have not yet seen in the field myself (since I wrote the article I have in fact seen this population, MBB7356, and it is discussed in the Chapter re H. mirabilis). The connections of paradoxa must be viewed in its relationship to H. emelyae var. major, in the same way that serrata is compared with H. emelyae var. multifolia. I also suggested that H. serrata had a very close resemblance to some forms of H. mirabilis var. sublineata from south of Bredasdorp. This present paper addresses some of these observations again.
In June 1999, I revisited H. serrata at Oudekraalkop (MBB166) again, this time together with J.D.Venter. Despite rumours of over-collection, it was still very abundant, although localised. It was also still present at Koppies (Fig.9 JDV99/6) a short distance to the west, but in very low numbers at a badly burnt site. P.V.Bruyns (priv. comm.) has reported it at a more northerly site as well. This could be where J.N.O.Uys also showed it to me at a second site on Oudekraal when he first introduced me to this species. It struck me again how similar the plants were to H. mirabilis (particularly the var. sublineata, Figs.10 MBB6639, bearing in mind the vast variation that exists there) and to H. heidelbergensis var. minor. The visit in June ’99 was a general excursion to explore the reported presence of H. maraisii at Koppies (ex E. Esterhuisen), in relation to that species and heidelbergensis as I know it in that general area. Our finds and observations led us later in the year to explore the area north of the Potberg. The extraordinary finds there led me to further explore westward to Bredasdorp itself and to see for myself the var. calcarea in the DeHoop reserve. Two visits for that purpose were fruitless, but thanks to Dennis DeKok, I did locate it in the company of Lawrence Loucka in July 2000 (MBB6985-fig.11). This latter excursion was particularly fruitful because, by great good fortune, we discovered H. serrata in unmistakable form north of Bredasdorp (Soutkloof, Fig.12a & b MBB6983), and Nooitgedacht, MBB6984). Both sites are west of Rooivlei where heidelbergensis var. minor occurs. We also collected variegata var. petrophila (Fig. 13 MBB6986) west of the Karsriver limeworks. For that variety I have C.Burger’s record (CB2158) from east of the limeworks, and a collection I made at Renosterfontein (Fig.14 MBB6632) on the east bank of the Karsriver in 1997. This latter collection, in particular, reminded me in both form and colour of H. emelyae var multifolia (see fig.2).
The conclusion from seeing H. serrata north of Bredasdorp, and both var. calcarea and var. petrophila, is that this is the prime connection. It seems now more improbable that the var. petrophila is as close to H. variegata as I had supposed, and that the var. calcarea is closely connected to both H. serrata and to var. petrophila. The other observations remain valid viz. that there is a strong resemblance between serrata and mirabilis var. sublineata; but particularly that serrata may be connected to heidelbergensis via the var. minor. However, heidelbergensis in its general relationships is extremely complex. It is interfused with H. maraisii, it may be the direct (if complex) geographic extension of H. mirabilis in the context of the relationship between that species and maraisii, and it may have affinities and continuity with both H. variegata and H. floribunda. There is still another problem: H. variegata var. modesta at Kathoek (Figs.15 JDV97/24) and Potberg (Figs.16 MBB6542). My collection of this element at Kathoek (Figs.17 MBB2551) suggests that it is possibly a small very proliferous sand dwelling serrata. J.D.Venter’s collection from the same farm is a more robust element with rather longer, more erect leaves which suggests H. variegata. My Potberg collection (fig.16) is another small element which I relate to variegata although the leaves are shorter and more turgid. It must be borne in mind that H. variegata var. hemicrypta occurs north of the Potberg on the gravelly flat so that there is ecotypic variation in evidence. Further work will have to be done to elucidate what could be an unresolvable situation ie. the Potberg is home to variants which link all the elements so far named. The evidence for this is already available, but insufficient to crystallise a solution.
There will be difficulty in considering the extent and the degree of similarity of H. serrata to other populations. Some of these which include serrata-look-alikes are:-
Some of these populations and their variants are dealt with in other chapters (Particular note must be made of H. elizeae which has to be considered in relation to H. rossouwii).
H. serrata was coming into bud in July a good five months after mirabilis had started to flower. This shows that my predictive thoughts about the relationship with calcarea and petrophila may not be particularly sound if flowering time is considered. Calcarea flowered a little before mirabilis var. sublineata in January, petrophila flowered in February while Roovlei heidelbergensis and Leeurivier (Drew) heidelbergensis flowered in December and March respectively. Flowering time for other collections needs to be observed, noting that this is not necessarily definitive either (for example while H. mirabilis var. badia is essentially late-summer flowering, single plants may flower in winter.
When I consider how much time I have spent in the area, it was really surprising to find serrata so far west. It means that something very interesting can still be found in the large triangle Swellendam/Bredasdorp/Riviersonderend, and that exploration will have to be done on a very small scale. The Karsriver and Renosterfontein petrophila are just smaller more spinose versions of Oudekraal, and the leaves are more spotted on the reverse. Calcarea was previously known from two clones which had rather shorter leaves and, perhaps, fewer leaves per rosette. This, the locality, and the spotting on the back of the leaves would have been the reason for opting for a relationship with mirabilis. We only found it with quite detailed directions because it was such a small population and so cryptic, consisting of three tiny locations under bush with a total of about 15 clumps. One location could have been the product of vegetative propagation with six to seven clumps. The second was similar with only two clumps and evidence of porcupine activity around the clumps. The third covered about 15sqm and there were another 15 or so plants as clumps or as single rosettes. These did vary and only one clump really resembles the two I have seen in cultivation viz. the Karoo Garden plant of C. Burgers, and a plant I received from Dennis DeKok. Burgers, however, appears to have made two collections from DeHoop; this needs to be confirmed. The plants seen by me in habitat do vary quite a bit and the range of variation equates that of both serrata ex Oudekraal (the Koppies population is reduced to about five plants) and north of Bredasdorp. The mean length of the leaves and leaf number per rosette may be shifted to the shorter and fewer, respectively.
The two Bredasdorp populations of H. serrata are remarkable for the similarity of the plants to serrata at the type locality. The habitat is a little different and at the westernmost of the populations, the plants cluster much more freely than the Heidelberg populations. At Koppies the plants are on a Witteberg substrate, whereas at Oudekraal and N Bredasdorp, it is Bokkeveld shale. We may have a slightly biased image of serrata with turned out leaves; the plants can be quite globose, and I did illustrate a plant like that in my original description when I drew the comparison with herbacea.
Where serrata really differs from mirabilis is by the greater number of leaves per rosette, the thinness of the leaves, narrowness at their bases, lack of a mid‑leaf swelling and by the incurving of the leaf tip; that character is fairly significant. H. mirabilis var. sublineata grown recently from seed has proved to be remarkably variable, but none of the plants have incurving leaves. Some of the clones are very similar to serrata, but the flowering time is earlier in the year and more in keeping with H. mirabilis in that respect.
H. variegata var. petrophila and H. mirabilis var. calcarea should be transferred to the species H. serrata. The same may be true for H. heidelbergensis var. minor. However, H. heidelbergensis has a complex distribution and there are other complexities in variation that preclude a definitive statement. It is quite probable in the light of the findings discussed in Haworthia Update Vol.1, that there is no discontinuity which satisfactorily and convincingly can be claimed to distinguish species. This is probably just another example of a more general problem which I have experienced with the identification and classification of many plant genera.
I am conscious that I have not dealt fully with the problem in omitting mention of co-occurrence (I mean sympatry – when two obviously different elements grow together at the same site or very closely adjacent). I see this as the best measure of discontinuity. Thus if two elements grow in close proximity, even if not sharing the same habitat, they are probably discrete. This does not preclude the possibility that they are simply ecotypes and this is taken into consideration. However, I have before pointed out that a taxonomic solution which can be deduced in this way for populations might not be true for the entire distribution of the species concerned. It is evident that serrata generally occurs alone. At Oudekraal and at Koppies, there is a floribunda/maraisii element in the vicinity. In the case of heidelbergensis var minor, both turgida and maraisii are present. I have always been struck by the similarity of mirabilis and serrata, and by the fact that they do not co-occur. Mirabilis, in the context of this paper, is presently not known east of Napier except at Bredasdorp and Mierkraal south of Bredasdorp. This is as the var. sublineata and var. mirabilis respectively, which differ from serrata in respect of flowering time, less leaves per rosette, and the non-incurving leaves. Curiously, it appears that mutica, at least in the Bredasdorp area, grows generally alone too, although at Haarwegskloof (Bredasdorp) it does grow with heidelbergensis. At Drew it is in the close company of both maraisii and heidelbergensis, and south of Stormsvlei is near to a maraisii/mirabilis intermediate. Thus even an element as apparently different as H. mutica may presumed to be, cannot be ignored.
However, another consideration now enters the picture with the discovery of serrata so far west. There are three poorly understood elements which were reported to have come from Bredasdorp and Napier respectively. The first of these was H. bijliana VPoelln. that does, however, seem to belong rather with H. arachnoidea than with anything else. G.G.Smith appears to have had a plant of this ilk which he received from Maj. Venter 9, from Caledon. The other two, however, are H. altilinea var. bicarinata Triebner and H. rossouwii VPoelln. They were both described from the same collection viz. Napier at Bredasdorp, Rossouw in Triebner 1059. The former was never illustrated and the description is rather brief..”Backs of leaves always with two keels and with teeth. Leaves 3-5cm long, 6-8mm broad, with 4-6 dark lines in lighter part, with two keels at back, keels with upto 2mm long denticulata”. This description is in the joint paper by Triebner and Von Poellnitz, but authorship is attributed to Triebner alone. Von Poellnitz later retained this variety when replacing the name altilinea with mucronata (note that in the context of the names which I use, Scott confused my serrata with mucronata as well). This is very curious because it is evident from the description of H. rossouwii, which is very much more detailed, that another plant from the same collection is in fact again described. The differences are essentially that von Poellnitz gives the leaves as 5-6cm long, and 8-10mm wide as opposed to the respective 3-5cm and 6-8mm by Triebner; and with three lines on the ‘end surface’ as opposed to four to six by Triebner. This says a great deal about the detailed descriptions which are routinely called for, and which in Haworthia seldom amount to much because of the problem of look-alikes, and the variability within and between populations.
I repeat the von Poellnitz description here to illustrate that it is a very good description that nevertheless omits some key information:-
“H. rossouwii von Poellnitz spec.nov. (Stemless rosette, spirally many-leaved. Leaves rather pale green, nearly oblong lanceolate, acuminate, on the face somewhat retused near the apex thus forming a triangular face; on the back, towards the apex, with sub-pellucid tubercle-like spots, denticulate on the margins and keels; the triangular face strongly acuminate, sub-translucent, not tubercled, but carrying some sub-pellucid small teeth, and traversed by a few longitudinal lines).
Stemless many-leaved rosette about 5-6cm in diameter. Leaves more or lss erect, 5-6cm long, 8-10mm wide, about oblong-lanceolate, tapering gradually, pointed, slightly widened at the base, almost straight or a little bent to one side near the tip, rather light green, dull. On the face flat or usually somewhat convex, near the tip slightly bent backwards (retused) at an angle of 20 degrees; on the back, from the middle outward or near the tip obliquely keeled, or somewhat more rarely with two keels, near the tip with a few, often elongated, very often raised slightly pellucid spots, and frequently with a few leaf-coloured tubercles. The end-surface half-pellucid, 20mm long or somewhat longer, 7-9mm wide at the base, triangular, tapering very gradually, pointed at the tip often slightly curved inward, somewhat convex, smooth, rarely with a few indications of tubercles, but with some semi-translucent teeth (these teeth loosely arranged in a lengthwise middle line, now and then also in another line nearer the margin and very rarely scattered about in small numbers) with three long, occasionally interrupted, green lengthwise lines, of which only the middle one may reach almost to the apex, and usually with a few very short line; leaf margins and keel with pale teeth, or near the base often leaf-coloured, teeth, up to barely 2mm long; end-bristle pale, with small side bristles, 5-7mm long.
… On account of the teeth on the end surface stands near to H. schuldtiana and to H. paradoxa (I treat these respectively as H. maraisii and H. mirabilis var. paradoxa) but is easily distinguished from both. Its flowers are thus far unknown”.
The ommisions are the flower of course, and there is no stipulation of the approximate number of leaves, and leaf thickness. The weakness is that it is a single plant description, evidenced by the fact that another plant from the same collection is accepted as a variant of a totally different complex.
In the past I have I regarded rossouwii speculatively as a synonym of H. mirabilis, due largely to the fact that it was recorded from the Bredasdorp area (and to the ambiguity of the type). Another reason was the similarity I observed between the illustration of H. rossouwii in Kakteenkunde with H. heidelbergensis var minor and with H. mirabilis var sublineata. I opted for the latter (with which Scott was in accord) and the similarities are also recorded in the discussion above. I dismissed bicarinata as insufficiently known because I assumed that Triebner may have had some better reason to have equated his specimen with the Little Karoo H. mucronata. Possibly there has been a mistake in the Triebner numbers. It is this discovery of serrata so close to Bredasdorp, and equidistant from Napier, which revives and also casts new light on the problem. I conclude that my H. serrata is a later synonym of H. rossouwii of von Poellnitz.
There are still two other considerations. In my 1999 revision, the fact is that I placed paradoxa as a variety of mirabilis while discussing the possible connection of these elements via calcarea. In the light of this paper it is evident to me that paradoxa could also be linked to serrata rather than with mirabilis. The same is true for emelyae var. multifolia. I would not like to commit myself to this probable solution at this stage, as I think more evidence should be obtained. It is also improbable that, however attractive, the solution will not avoid impacting on H. emelyae, H. magnifica and H. heidelbergensis. It is also evident that the requirements of the ICBN are that should paradoxa indeed need to be incorporated into serrata, more name changes will result, as paradoxa will have priority over rossouwii. My opinion is that this is a fundamental weakness in the code, which inhibits speculative treatments, and also which results in smaller taxa becoming the typical main element of a species. My further opinion is that it is a weakness of the Code that the description of an element automatically creates an equivalent taxon. This may be acceptable and desirable where the elements are clearly separable and geographically defined, but not where the typical element is required to absorb any other variants which are not so defined. Thus H. paradoxa var paradoxa could become the main component of a species where it is actually a geographical isolate. In a system which does not have an adequate general definition for ‘species’, this probably does not matter; whereas it might if there is a definition which suggests that the ‘species’ is an operating living system (see Bayer in Asklepios 77:3, 1999).
The formal statement of this paper, which would better be regarded as an hypothesis subject to test, is thus as follows:-
H. rossouwii Von Poelln. in Kakteenk.7:75 (1938). Type: Napier near Bredasdorp, collected by Mr Rossouw, South Africa Police in Napier, Triebner 1059. Not preserved. Lectotype: designated by Breuer & Metzing 1998, icon in Kakteenk. non syn. H. mirabilis sensu Scott 1985, Bayer 1976, 1982, 1999.
H. altilinea var. bicarinata Triebn. in Triebner & von Poellnitz in Feddes Repert.Spec.Nov. 45:170 (1938). Type: Napier at Bredasdorp leg. Mr Rossouw (=Triebn.1059). Not preserved.
H. serrata Bayer, Jl S.Afr.Bot. 39:249(1973). Bayer :55(1976). Bayer :147(1999). non Scott :62(1985). Type: CAPE‑3420(Bredasdorp): Oudekraalkop, Heidelberg (‑BA), Bayer 166 (NBG).
Material seen:- 3420(Bredasdorp): Soutkloof, Bredasdorp (-AC), Bayer 6983; Nooitgedacht, Bredasdorp (-AC), Bayer 6984; Oudekraalkop, Heidelberg (‑BA), Bayer 166 (NBG); Koppies (-BA), Bayer 4902 (NBG); N. Oudekraalkop (-BA), Bruyns 6260 (NBG).
H. rossouwii var. calcarea (Bayer) comb.nov. H. mirabilis var. calcarea Bayer in Haworthia Revisited :110(1999). Type: CAPE-3420(Bredasdorp): De Hoop (-AD), C. Burgers 1648 (NBG, Holo.).
Material seen:- 3420(Bredasdorp): NNE. Buffelsfontein, Potberg (-BC), Burgers 2018 (NBG). De Hoop (-AD), C. Burgers 1648 (NBG), Bayer 6985.
H. rossouwii var. petrophila (Bayer) comb.nov. H. variegata var. petrophila Bayer in Haworthia Revisited:159(1999). Type: CAPE-3420(Bredasdorp): Renosterfontein (-AC), Burgers 2158 (NBG, Holo.).
Material seen:- 3420(Bredasdorp): Renosterfontein (-AC), Burgers 2158 (NBG), (-CA), Bayer 6632; Karsriver (-AC) Bayer 6986;
The provisions of this solution are that the epithet paradoxa may be instated preferentially, and that emelyae var. multifolia and variegata var. modesta also be included.
A second provision is that the species H. bijliana VPoelln. be rejected as insufficiently described and sourced, and that the type (the illustration in the Berlin herbarium) is ambiguous – as indeed are many Haworthia types and descriptions based on single plants and not correctly tied to geographical origin. This is demonstrated by the citation by VPoelln. (Feddes Rep. 1936) of this species viz. bijliana from Klawer and Eenriet and also Feddes Rep. in 1937 from Springbok – which cannot be anything other than H. arachnoidea. In this last publication he cites a specimen from Bonnievale, another from Ezeljacht Oudtshoorn and also sinks fergusoniae here which in fact was supposed to have come from ‘near’ Grahamstown.
H. bijliana Poelln. in Feddes Repert. 27:134 (1929); Bredasdorp, Mrs va der Bijl. Type van derBijl s.n. in (B). Not preserved. Lectotype desig. Breuer 1999, unpublished photo. icon. (B). Species rejecienda.
I am grateful for the company on the field trip of Lawrence Loucka of Connecticut (USA), and that of my wife, Daphne. The assistance of Paul Botma of Cape Nature Conservation is acknowledged over and above the general acknowledgement to that Department. Mr C.L.Neethling, Mr Thys Swart and Mr Pieter deKok were most kind and helpful in respect of access to sites. I am also grateful to Kobus Venter for support, advice, and constructive exchange of ideas. Not least to Steven Hammer, with comment from Bob Kent, who was so kind as to read this manuscript critically and make corrections. Residual errors will be mine.
Alsterworthia Vol 2:13(2002) “A comment on Bayer’s latest taxonomic contribution” by Ingo Breuer.
With reference to the comments in Alsterworthia 2:13(2002) regarding the identity of H. rossouwii and H. serrata:-
Fig. 27 A copy of the Von Poellnitz lectotype of H. rossouwii.
Figs 28a & b Black and white profiles from two angles, of the same one plant actively growing, undessicated and turgid. The plant is a clone from Bayer 6984 Nooitgedacht, NW Bredasdorp. This is correctly H. rossouwii, and correctly H. serrata.
Figs 29a & b. The colour originals of the preceding.
Fig.30 A second plant of MBB6984. This is a more vigorous grower and it shows the differences that obviously confound the uninitiated. There were not many plants at Nooitgedacht. I only collected from two clones and this is a photograph of the second.
Fig.31 A photograph of a plant of MBB6983 Soutkloof, north of Bredasdorp. Showing a plant in which the convexity of the mid-upper surface (and concavity of the lower surface) is virtually absent. I could have, from this sample (MBB6983), produced pictures to match Figs.27 to 29. So no one should claim that Fig.30 is a different species as someone now well might.
Figs 32a & b. Scanned and manipulated copies of figs 28a & b.
Fig.33 Flowers of MBB6672 H. maraisii Koningsrivier, SW Robertson.
Figs.7a, b & c. These are clones of JDV86/5 H. heidelbergensis var. minor, Rooivlei, NNE Bredasdorp. This is a small population, of also small plants, from northeast of the collection MBB6984, Nooitgedacht. The plants partly resemble H. rossouwii from there, and partly the var. petrophila from Karsriver. Classifying them as a variety of H. heidelbergensis is not necessarily correct. Considering habitat and substrate, one must consider that ecotypification is playing a role, and that was habitat available, there would be further populations which would confirm continuity with these known collections.
Regarding Figs.28a & b. A bit of play with light and focus and the keel and under-leaf spotting could be varied. I would like to suggest that they be considered them faded, less sharply focused, printed with less contrast and on a coarser grained paper. Figs.32a & 32b are in fact such scanned copies of Figs.29a & b. I do not think it even necessary to consider that the original rossouwii of Fig.1 endured a long journey in the post to a foreign land. The assertion by Breuer in Alsterworthia is that not only are the plants I figured as H. rossouwii different from Fig.1, but that this Fig.1 lectotype is “probably” of the maraisii-complex. This is at variance with…
1. the Triebner description of the same collection as a variety of H. mucronata;
2. with Col. Scott who regarded it as H. mirabilis. What to say of VonPoellnitz’ own assessment – the man who described both species i.e. maraisii and rossouwii in the first instance.
3. with the facts of the pictures before you.
What should an observer make of maraisii growing very near to rossouwii at Oudekraal and near to rossouwii at Napier? Can we really see a closer resemblance of Figs 27 & 28 with those long attenuate, double-curved, thin leaves – to H. maraisii rather than to H. serrata. I truly do not see that such a judgement can be seriously considered in the light of Breuer’s interpretations. It is of course valid when one considers all the variants that I illustrated in my article above and in terms of my over all classification.
Generally these plants of the SW Cape tend to have the double curvature of the leaves as is evident in the VonPoellnitz lectotype, but one can find in the same population and/or taxon, clones with incurved, outcurved or erect leaves (see fig.30). Broadly speaking H. maraisii has thick recurved leaves. But this is a non-argument even if one (outside of a “lumping vs. splitting” red-herring) considers the complexity of the so-called maraisii-complex, and I am sure that Breuer does not. I frankly think that most observers cannot even dream how complex it is and that it is just braggadocio to write as though anyone can. Breuer implies that one can make the inference of similarity between rossouwii and maraisii from the illustration (Fig. 27), the description and its given locality. This is patently and self-evidently false as is evident from the fact that I used this same information to reasonably deduce the similarity of rossouwii and serrata.
I did not originally submit a copy of the Von Poellnitz lectotype, perhaps because I felt that the response “you will see that rossouwii is quite a different plant from serrata“, is what I could have expected from an uninformed audience! The fact is that all the evidence, circumstantial and descriptive, show that they are the same. Including the lectotype would have just been “overkill” and I have never before felt required to write for a readership with less than common sense or basic knowledge, nor for obstructive readers.
It should not be necessary to say this, but the character of the flowers cannot be specified in the way that writers are inclined to suggest. They have this same enormous range of variability and it is just fraudulent to say that there are floral characters by which these taxa (the varieties of H. rossouwii which I now recognise) can be unmistakeably differentiated. It is the typological concept which drives people to think there is a single description which can encompass the description of a taxon. This is nonsense. It is a statistical problem and we have the difficulty of establishing the probabilities associated with “decision”. Breuer writes…”..Von Poellnitz’ description probably depends only on 1 or very few selected plants and no other records are reported for this taxon”. This is circa 1945 circumlocution, it is unnecessary and it is untrue. There was never a question of “selection”, and furthermore we have the Triebner description of the same collection as H. altilinea var. bicarinata. Why this sudden doubt about the interpretation of types. It is a shifting of goalposts.
There are few collections in flower now in April, but I could take this picture of three flowers from the one collection MBB6672 H. maraisii – Koningsriver, SW Robertson (Fig.33). It is not an exceptional case or an exceptional collection. But one can see the differences in thickness of peduncle and variation in the individual flowers. It can happen like this, albeit to lesser degree, on the same plant. Colour is also frequently quite variable between and often within collections. Many years ago I undertook to illustrate all the flowers in my maraisii collections. But they were so variable that I just gave it up. The variability in the flowers mirrors the variability of the rosette and the latter is just a little easier to deal with. One has the added problem with flowers, of the changes which take place during the opening and aging process. So then how does one define the flower, say, of H. mirabilis. It cannot even be done for the range of leaf rosettes, and this has now been shown in the literature many times.
May I also point out that one of my understandings of botany and plant classification is that there is a tendency to overreach ones talents. I have freely admitted that I am there because of the paucity of talent. I frankly do not think the environment is enriched by the particular article I now refer to in these added notes.
I can point out that there are writers who really persist in flogging dead horses. The result is phantasmagoric fanfaronades. The article concerning the name H. correcta (Alsterworthia 1:6, 2001) is not particularly accurate either and indeed it may be my own fault. Smith explained that Mrs Blackburn did not in fact collect correcta ‑ it was a Mrs le Roux and the plants came from near Vanwyksdorp. Later Mrs Ferguson sent a plant from 26 miles east of the town. Thus from this information H. correcta has to be a later synonym for H. emelyae.
Regarding types:- the painful realisation was actually expressed by Schelpe in the distant past, and brought home to me many times. These old types are doubtful and ambiguous. I was faced with that option long ago – just forget them all, or try to reach a compromise with the understanding and information available at the time. H. rossouwii is a case where there is real new information which would have made me use the name rossouwii in 1976 and before, had it been available. But here, had I persisted with the name serrata for this new material MBB6983 and 6984, there is absolutely no doubt in my mind that I would have been criticised for failing to see the connection to rossouwii. Not that this would concern me unduly, for I think there is actually very little benefit in this mindless re-interpretation of types which takes us nowhere. Notwithstanding, and without compromising, anything so far written:- the really disconcerting thing about the whole matter is that without the locality data, it will be possible to generate an argument bolstered by illustrations, to show that rossouwii was in fact H. decipiens, H. cooperi or H. herbacea (among others), of the option less improbable than H. maraisii.
The closing paragraphs of the article are a rather hackneyed parody sung by most “wannabe” taxonomists. Of course it is right when Breuer says if we lump it means we would have to lump many other things. It is just as true to say, if we split we have to split many other things. That does not make sense either. This is ancient stuff of 60 years ago and it seems strange that it still provides so much fodder for writers, who have in fact no rational species concept to begin with. The Linnaean system was based very largely on floral characters and hence taxa at all levels are based on “related floral characters”. To suggest that this pertains in some special way to “series” is not correct. This sums up the article in Alsterworthia. | <urn:uuid:37c900d3-446c-4114-9fab-0ef5cd260cae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://haworthia-updates.haworthia.org/2011/11/06/chapter-12-haworthia-rossouwii-vpoelln-and-the-demise-of-h-serrata-bayer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.945788 | 8,438 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Some people know from the off what they want to do in life, right from their time as schoolchildren.?Personally, I always had my heart set on being a plumber since the age of nine.
However, for most I think it’s a pretty big ask to decide what career you’re going to spend your life doing at any age, never mind when you’re asking schoolchildren.
Usually, when kids are asked about dream jobs they come back with the same sorts of answers.?A singer for example, a footballer, maybe an astronaut, but it seems that maybe schoolchildren are growing up in a different world now and looking at alternative ways of what it means to be successful.
According to a new study from Barclays, we have a country of budding entrepreneurs, as 42 per cent of schoolchildren aged eight to 16 plan to start a business when they?re older. But, as it stands, only six per cent of UK startups were run by under 25s in 2016.
As a country, we need to do our best to encourage and guide these young, aspiring entrepreneurs. The report suggests that if we do this successfully, we could have 100,000 new companies by 2025, an extra £23.3bn for the UK economy and 400,000 jobs.
There’s some debate over what it takes to become a successful business owner. In fact, 45 per cent of those surveyed feel that you need to take risks, 27 per cent think luck is a requirement, and 17 per cent believe having the right contacts in the family will open doors.
Whether you think it’s down to luck or hard work, and to be honest it’s probably a mixture of the two, a lot of schoolchildren still think that the only way to get a proper start in life is to go to university. The way things have been going lately, however, I’ve never felt more strongly that this isn’t the case.[rb_inline_related]
In fact, I?m going to go so far as to say that universities are actually cash-hungry fraudsters, forcing students to run up eye-watering debts of more than £50,000.
Fees are now up to ?9,000 a year, and the way the university industry puts bums on seats is by promising a better life because of a degree, which in thousands of cases just isn’t true.
It’s fraud, plain and simple; and there seems to be nobody calling them out on their lies because they are considered to be untouchable, just because they are educators.
Students are being encouraged to rack up huge debts on the premise that there is no good life without university, and that going to one and getting a degree is worth the money you pay, because it will provide you with a high paying job that arms you with the skills to make it on your own. This is nothing short of a con-job (pardon the pun).
There are tens of thousands of new graduates every year who cannot get jobs, and many more who wind up in jobs that they could have got before they shelled out for university. This is enough to knock anyone’s self-worth for the long-term and bring those dreams of one day setting up a business to an immediate halt.
There is of course at least one other path to a fulfilling career, with the money and confidence to make it in life and that’s an apprenticeship. Apprenticeships also come with the added bonus of having no fees, so no debt and you actually get paid while you’re learning your trade.
As I’ve said before, obviously, the same thing doesn’t work for everyone and the same goes for entrepreneurs. There’s the ones who will have been to university and the ones, like me, who haven?t.
Moving forward, we need to make a conscious decision to do what it takes to make sure that childhood dreams and passion can transcend into adulthood. This can be done by giving them the right tools to begin with.
We need to look at means of education and support for these potential entrepreneurs, and others that could take an alternative route to higher education, rather than punishing them with heaps of debt at the very start of their working career. | <urn:uuid:fd941425-8e34-425d-a5f6-78cb215aa013> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://realbusiness.co.uk/cash-hungry-fraudsters-want-to-feed-off-the-dreams-of-schoolchildren | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.971673 | 895 | 2.1875 | 2 |
First responders honored for saving man’s life
A perfect combination of training and timing helped Basalt first responders save a man from the grip of death after a recent heart incident.
Eight members of the Basalt Fire Department and two Basalt Police Officers, as well as three emergency dispatchers and an Eagle County deputy sheriff, were recognized for actions that helped save the life of Greg Shugars on Oct. 30.
Basalt Fire Chief Scott Thompson said that during his 30-year career as a firefighter and in law enforcement he rarely has seen a chain of events that worked so well and resulted in a victim in so dire of condition emerging in such good condition. “If the chain’s broken, the person doesn’t survive,” Thompson said.
Thompson handed out certificates of recognition to the responders Tuesday night at the council meeting as well as Life Saver pins they will wear on their uniforms. Shugars hugged each of the responders when they received their certificates during a moving ceremony at Town Hall.
“The chain of survival worked,” Thompson said. “We’re here to celebrate (Greg) being alive.”
According to Thompson’s comments at the ceremony and an interview prior the event, here is the sequence of events:
Shugar’s heart “quit on him” at about 6:18 p.m. His wife, Gayle, called 911. Three emergency dispatchers got involved in collecting information from Gayle and relaying it to first responders.
The fortunate part was Basalt Police Officer Josh Bennett was patrolling close to Hillcrest Drive and was en route to the scene in one minute. Scott Garcia, an 11-year volunteer and fire officer with Basalt Fire Department was heading downvalley on Two Rivers Road after parent-teacher conferences at Basalt Elementary School when he heard the call for an unresponsive male. He, too, was en route in one minute. Garcia was in the house less than four minutes after the call came in, almost simultaneously with Bennett.
They found Shugars on the floor with no vital signs. Garcia started CPR while another police officer, Phil Martin, arrived and started efforts to get Shugars to breathe. The men also hooked Shugars up to an automated external defibrillator (AED), a laptop-sized device that diagnoses cardiac arrhythmias. If the condition is detected in a patient, the device alerts the technicians and advises then to apply a shock, which is designed to stop the arrhythmia and allow the heart to re-establish a regular rhythm.
Bennett carried an AED in his patrol car and brought the portable device into the house with him. They had Shugars hooked to the AED in six minutes after the call and applied the shock just 29 seconds later, according to the fire department’s log of the incident.
Paramedics arrived on the scene less than 6½ minutes after the call came in and took a variety of additional actions to stabilize Shugars. CPR continued and Shugar’s breathing and blood flow were restored. He was in an ambulance headed to a hospital 21 minutes after the call.
It was a true team effort, Garcia and Thompson said. Having first responders so close by was a fortunate first link in the chain, Thompson said. The training of first responders from the fire and police departments was critical.
“It was a great save,” Garcia said. “It’s one of those events that when you walk out of there, you say ‘I can’t believe that happened.’ It was so fast.
“I got home and I told my wife, ‘I think we saved somebody’s life,’” he said.
Thompson said the first critical step in the chain, in this case, was Gayle Shugar’s immediate call to 911. “Gayle, you saved your husband’s life,” he told her at the ceremony.
Thompson said another key was the accessibility of the AEDs. There are 18 placed in strategic places in Basalt and the midvalley, ranging from Basalt Town Hall and the Eagle County government building to the Roaring Fork Club and in the cars of on-call officers with the fire department and the Basalt Police Department patrol cars.
Basalt Fire Department applies for grants for the devices and makes the decision on placement. The Aspen Medical Foundation formerly helped with matching funds for the grants, a role now handled by SaveaLifePitkinCounty.com. The devices are designed so that layman can operate them.
Following are the people that were recognized Tuesday for helping save Shugar’s life. From Basalt Fire Department: Brian Benton, Christine Benton, Pete Bradshaw, Scott Garcia, David Herrera, Karl Oliver, Isaac Portz and Robert Sardinsky.
Law enforcement officials Josh Bennett and Phil Martin from Basalt Police Department and Todd Sauer from Eagle County Sheriff’s Office.
From Pitkin County Communication Center: Ginny Boltman, Ritz Martinez and Thomas Wright.
Roaring Fork District schools in Glenwood Springs, Carbondale and Basalt are heading into the new school year more fully staffed than in recent years.
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Each donation will be used exclusively for the development and creation of increased news coverage. | <urn:uuid:8a14ac56-2632-41bd-ab7e-76cc4d3d3f6c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aspentimes.com/news/first-responders-honored-for-saving-mans-life/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.961854 | 1,209 | 1.5 | 2 |
Most parents would shiver at a 48-year-old man writing to their 8-year-old son, “I am very fond of you. But don’t tell anybody.” But by the time that letter was sent in 1908, J.M. Barrie had written his way into the heart of the Llewelyn Davies family.
For more than a century since the 1904 London stage debut of “Peter Pan,” audiences have not been able to resist Barrie’s tale of the eternal boy who teaches the enthralled Darling children to soar. And for almost as long, the story of the famous author and the real-life family that inspired him has proved equally fascinating. The film “Finding Neverland” (2004) polished the patina for a new generation; a musical of the same title is currently running on Broadway. | <urn:uuid:f3eb1af4-149c-4cc3-9a9d-f587c16838b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wsj.com/articles/peter-pans-dark-shadow-1471031377 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.981577 | 182 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Family’s gift aids quest to explore epilepsy link to mental health
February 2018: A major fund has been established to support pioneering research into mental health and early death in people with epilepsy.
The crucial investment – named The Juliet Bergqvist Memorial Fund – was made possible by a generous gift from a family affected by suicide.
The Bergqvist family set up the fund in memory of Juliet, who was affected with epilepsy and took her own life in 2016 after battling severe depression.
More than 500,000 people in the UK have epilepsy, a brain condition that is linked to a risk of premature death. It is not clear how many of these deaths are linked to mental ill-health or could be preventable.
To address this, scientists from the University of Edinburgh are using anonymised health data to link a diagnosis of epilepsy to diagnoses for mental health conditions and causes of death.
The researchers hope to use this information to create a risk profile that identifies people who might require increased support.
Juliet Bergqvist, who was 51 when she died, was a former student of the University, having graduated with a degree in Psychology.
Her mother, Patricia Bergqvist, said, "Our daughter and sister, Juliet, was an epileptic who in her fifties suffered from severe depression and desperately sought help from many sources, but in the end, finding none, took her own life. We, as a family, are keen to assist any research that relates to depression and suicide for those with epilepsy. Some of Juliet's happiest years were her time at Edinburgh."
We are extremely grateful for the Bergqvist family’s support for this important research. The Juliet Bergqvist Memorial Fund will transform our abilities to research mental health and suicide and epilepsy and identify ways that we could pinpoint those most in need. | <urn:uuid:944217f6-50dc-4931-ac76-cbe5704cfd61> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ed.ac.uk/clinical-brain-sciences/news/news-jan-jun-2018/memorial-fund-epilepsy-mental-health | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970178 | 373 | 2.09375 | 2 |
For the first time ever, college-educated women appear on track to outnumber college-educated men in the workforce, a milestone in what has been a decades-long trend. However, those women still trail their male peers in compensation.
One potential explanation: Many women specialize in lower-pay fields, such as elementary education, both in the college classroom and in the labor market.
According to research from University of Chicago economists, this has started to change: Compared to their predecessors, recent generations of college women are sorting into traditionally male-dominated majors more often.
Published by the Becker Friedman Institute, the new working paper also found that this gender gap in major choice strongly predicts gender wage gaps—even when accounting for occupation choice.
The paper was co-authored by Prof. Dan Black of the Harris School of Public Policy and Prof. Erik Hurst of the Booth School of Business. The lead author was Carolyn Sloane, MBA’10, PhD’16, a UChicago alum who is now an assistant professor of economics at the University of California, Riverside.
“Why have we seen women moving into fields as disparate as pharmacy, accounting, biology—in fact, becoming the majority of graduates for those fields of study,” Black said, “and not seen them make as much progress in other disciplines, such as engineering, computer science and economics?”
It is difficult, Black added, to empirically separate women who are not interested in engineering as a subject, from those who decided not to pursue engineering to avoid facing sexism in a male-dominated field.
The authors studied recently released data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS), including responses from millions of college-educated people about their choice of major and their career outcomes.
Among their findings: For baby boomers born between 1950 and 1954, only one woman majored in engineering for every 20 men. For millennials born 40 years later, the ratio changed to one woman for every five men. This trend is also recorded in the physical and life sciences. Among biology majors, women outnumber men.
“The knowledge we develop and use in our occupations is built upon all the specialized learning investments we’ve made our entire lives,” said Hurst, the Frank P. and Marianne R. Diassi Distinguished Service Professor at Chicago Booth. “For that reason, people who work as biochemical engineers have science and not humanities majors as their primary undergraduate major.
“If men and women sort into field of study in systematically different patterns, it follows that major choice should affect the college gender wage gap.”
To examine the wage effects of these decisions, the researchers assigned each person a potential wage solely on the basis of their major choice—the wage the individual would receive if they were compensated like a native-born white male in his peak earnings years who studied the same subject. The idea was to isolate the specific effect of these choices.
When Sloane, Hurst, and Black documented patterns in potential wages across five-year birth cohorts by gender, their analysis revealed that, on average, women chose majors with lower potential wages than men did.
But while there is an ever-present female penalty in potential wages, that gap has also narrowed. Overall, women born in 1950 chose majors that reduced their potential wages, relative to their male counterparts, by 12.5%. For those born in 1990, that gap narrowed to 9.5%.
However, the research also suggests that women who major in a high-wage field such as chemical engineering may still end up working fewer hours and making less money. Curious about the connections between educational specialization and occupational specialization, the researchers find that—conditional on making the same major choice—women still sort into occupations with lower potential pay and fewer hours than their male peers.
Sloane pointed out that although women are twice as likely to major in education, men who choose the same major are twice as likely to end up in high-level management roles. Women, on the other hand, are twice as likely to end up in administrative support roles.
“The differences in occupational paths for men and women who major in the same subject are stark,” said Sloane, who previously taught at Harris Public Policy as a visiting assistant professor. “We see this in potential wages based on occupation, in the rank or prestige of the occupation, and even in the variety of occupations.
“When market returns to a major are low, men tend to disperse into a wider set of occupations—kind of throw anything at the wall. In contrast, when market returns to a major are high, men hone in on a narrower set of occupations.”
Understanding why this happens is a topic for future research, the authors noted.
“Campuses have a lot of women relative to men,” Black said. “I think firms have got to get ready for the new era. You’re going to have a lot of talented people that are, quote, ‘the wrong gender’ by the firms’ own standards. Keeping these women in the workforce and working is going to be very important.” | <urn:uuid:c8608961-e94d-4ec1-8961-0c71d4169891> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.uchicago.edu/story/study-college-major-choices-can-predict-gender-wage-gaps | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.975519 | 1,073 | 2.640625 | 3 |
History - Western Civilization: Getting Started
Topic Exploration: Begin Here
Library Catalog Searches (Pre made, by subject!)
Roman republic (ending at the rise of August Caesar and the death of Cleopatra of Egypt)
attila and the huns (Should be the name of a Rock Band, like "Susie Saxon and the Anglos."
byzantine empire (aka "Eastern Roman Empire)
Middle Ages There are so many results from this search that you might want to add another term-- England, Religion, Women, etc.
the enlightenment (with some odd Buddhist titles mixed in)
Getting a book from the PCC Library
- Enter a search in the PCC Library search box.
- If the book you want has a linked message starting with Available at..., and the book is available on your home campus, write down the location and call number.
- If the book is available from another campus, click on the "Request item" button in the "Get It" section, (NOTE: You will need to login with your MyPCC username and password after clicking the blue "Sign in" button to see the "Request item" button), and specify the campus to which you'd like the book to be sent.
- If the book is not available from PCC, you can order it from Summit using the "Request from another Summit library (about 5 days)" button (located in the "Get It" section); and if not available from Summit, request it through Interlibrary Loan. | <urn:uuid:9376a09f-8914-482c-a9f2-3a39c2716b43> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://guides.pcc.edu/c.php?g=225959&p=1497799 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.873998 | 316 | 2.28125 | 2 |
There may be situations when we need to check if a browser tab is focused or not. The reasons for this include:
- Prevent sending network requests if the page is not being used by the user as this would reduce the amount of load on the server. Also, this would save upon the cost if we are using a paid third-party API.
- Stop playback of media when the tab is not focused.
- Automatically pause an in-browser game when the user switches to another window or tab.
- Many sites track the time period for which the user was actually interacting with the website using this functionality.
In this article, we will learn how to implement this functionality. We have the following two methods:
Using the Page Visibility API: HTML5 provides the Page Visibility API that lets the developer know if the tab is currently visible or not. The API sends a visibilitychange event when the user minimizes the window or switches to another tab. This API adds the following two properties to the document object and both properties are read-only.
The document.hidden property: This property returns false when the current tab is ‘visible’, else returns true. The visible keyword has a special meaning here. Suppose you open another small window on top of the current tab, the document.hidden would return false even though the tab isn’t in focus because the rest of the tab is still visible which is not covered by the small window.
The document.visibilityState property: This property returns a string indicating the document’s current visibility state. Possible values are:
- visible: The page content is visible or at least partially visible as explained above.
- hidden: The page content is not visible to the user, either due to the document’s tab being in the background or part of a window that is minimized, or because the device’s screen is off.
- prerender: The page has been loaded but the user has not viewed the page.
- unloaded: The page is in the process of being unloaded from memory i.e. it is about to be closed.
Example: We will create a webpage that would change the color when the user switches tab or minimizes the window.
Using the window.onfocus and Window.onblur events:
- window.onfocus: This event gets fired when the tab has received focus.
- window.onblur: The blur event fires when the user minimizes the window, switches to another tab, or uses another window. The blur event gets fired even when we use another small window and the tab is still partially visible or even when we click on the location bar of the browser.
Example: We will create a webpage that would change the color when the tab looses focus. Here we will try to switch to another window and understand the difference between document.hidden and window.onblur. | <urn:uuid:ed4b0107-888c-4047-ab34-b8a81a637981> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-to-return-true-if-browser-tab-page-is-focused-in-javascript/?ref=rp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.891647 | 624 | 2.78125 | 3 |
You may seem like your connection is too…Psychologist In Zahle…. poisonous to even bother with employing a marital relationship family therapist, but you’ll be shocked. Relationships that are not simply on the rocks but diminishing the side have actually seen incredible healings in the past thanks to locating the right scientific community service therapist or marital relationship family members specialist.
Discover a therapist that specializes in chemical abuse to assist you if you find yourself addicted to drugs or alcohol. A drug abuse therapist is someone who assists those addicted to materials that are messing up one’s life. Many individuals believe there is shame in seeking a substance abuse therapist, but that’s just not true.
Confessing you have an issue is the very first step towards stopping it. Many people most likely to a chemical abuse specialist so they can determine where to go from there. Chemical abuse can bring about several troubles, such as spoiling a family, eating problems that can bring about hazardous weight management as well as even fatality, anxiety, stress and anxiety, and other mental issues. If you or a liked one is coping drug abuse, talk with a specialist today. Their health services can help you.
Some individuals that have a dependency can take care of that addiction with outpatient therapy, but those that have serious drug or alcohol troubles may gain from checking into therapy centers.
Navigating therapy facilities in the USA can be daunting, however they have therapists who are created to direct you out of drugs and alcohol in one of the most comfortable means. Treatment facilities permit the client to detox from drugs or alcohol in the most safe means possible. Usually, detoxing is dangerous. This is why it is vital to discover the appropriate specialist that comprehends your unique situation. Likewise, therapy facilities instruct you methods to avoid alcohol and also medications and help you to identify any triggers you might have concerning them. If you wonder about obtaining rehab, try one out near you.
One of the many mental health services a therapist can supply is taking care of pain as well as loss. A specialist of this caliber can aid you cope with losing your friends and family, be it an untimely fatality or a relative with a long battle with cancer or an additional deadly health problem. You can discover more about the grieving process, including the awareness that it’s not so black and white, as well as you can discover not to “overcome” the loss of your buddy or relative, yet learn how to continue without them. Locate a specialist who focuses on dealing with despair and also loss if you feel stuck or unable to proceed in your grieving process.
Kid And Also Adolescent
A child and teenage specialist does just what the title says it does. They help kids, adolescents, and their households handle the many family problems as well as family disputes one may face in the early years. For children, they might have behavioral problems such as borderline personality, discovering impairments, household problems, and also managing schools as well as grades. For adolescents, there are several troubles as well. Feeling distressed over expanding pains, feeling anxious regarding what comes after secondary school, obtaining a task, taking care of partnerships, therefore much more.
Kids, teenagers, and grownups need a great speaking to if they want to address their behavioral health-related problems. A specialist is experienced at assisting individuals and also can guidance kids to senior grownups. For many parents, feeling sorry for youngsters, adolescents, and even a young adult is an obstacle, and also a specialist in this group knows how to do it.
An additional specialist one might talk to is a separation therapist. Often a marital relationship therapist or a family members therapist isn’t sufficient, and also the couple has made a decision to separation. Divorce specialists can provide divorcing couples treatment and also they are experienced at aiding individuals browse the rough waters of separation.
They may make use of the collaborative process. The joint procedure is a divorce technique that includes working with a therapist or other professional to come up with a contract. Clearing up points in court is pricey and psychologically exhausting. The joint procedure is made to aid every person get to an amicable agreement. If you can regulate your disapproval for your spouse, the collective procedure may be worth trying.
A divorce specialist can help you exercise any injury you might have had, such as residential abuse.
Team treatment entails assisting people in a huge team with others that have comparable problems. You might locate specialists through your insurance plan who offer group treatment. Group treatment can help individuals do not hesitate to review their issues and remedies for therapy with like-minded people.
could be the spectrum of course and so first off on rate it was 320 for a month 80 bucks a week which include a weekly video session and limitless messaging which you know what does that imply it just indicates a couple messages with your therapist however i was impressed that the rate was okay you understand i have actually done therapy in the past and it can be really pricey specifically if you’re getting somebody who is proficient at what they’ve done i have actually both done it when i was in seminary i needed to go through some counseling a part of my program and it was simply effectively priced done some other counseling and marital relationship therapy and i what sticks out to me on this was the marriage therapy we went to a pretty reliable organization a place that was popular published the the couple with the released uh authors and it was 80 dollars with a pastoral discount rate so that just sort of leads you to believe what you know the complete
Is a psychologist a psychiatrist? Psychologist In Zahle
price is quite costly therefore uh 320 bucks is not bad particularly and we’ll discuss this on the tech side the assistance was excellent you understand in the past when i’ve done counseling in both group or you understand individually you’re typically not connecting with your trainer continually it’s typically just around your sessions but to build a practice start digitally there’s something about more access to your therapist that i actually liked and my counselor was pretty good at checking in on me and simply asking things throughout the week even when we were not satisfying so there was a process for you to get a discount if that was not um if it was excessive they asked your monetary circumstance so you can receive less i didn’t go through that process also consult your insurance supplier if you have it to find out if you certify however the prices i felt specifically for the um the know-how of my counselor i was very | <urn:uuid:34586692-c97e-47ab-b32e-d66a88052584> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ami07.info/psychologist-in-zahle/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.971567 | 1,332 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Improving engine performance not only increases power but also keeps the fuel consumption and efficiency constant. For this reason, many people are looking for the latest techniques that can effectively improve engine performance.
There are several ways to improve engine performance, such as adding special accessories, power chips, engine upgrades, diesel chips, and many more. You can know more about diesel engine tuning upgrades.
Image Source: Google
Here are some effective ways to improve engine performance:
1) Replace the existing computer chip: the control module (engine control module) is responsible for the maintenance of fuel, speed, and efficient engine operation. Therefore, you can replace this computer chip with a power chip such as a diesel chip, power chip, etc. which is offered by parts dealers for parts as a performance enhancement.
2) Try using light parts: depending on the part, engine power can vary widely. So if you replace all the existing heavy parts with lighter parts, the engine output will increase.
3) Use a good quality filter: It is important to maintain airflow effectively. Check filters regularly and replace them with new ones if they are dirty or damaged. Try to get a quality filter that uses heavy-duty cotton gauze. If this is a standard filter, you can use it for several years just cleaning it.
4) Use an intercooler to cool the intake air: It is important to cool the intake air as hot air expands only slightly as it enters the cylinder during combustion. So you can use the intercooler to cool the intake air before it reaches the cylinder. | <urn:uuid:9c3d3922-17c7-489e-931d-bf1e359087fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://foxhallgallery.com/tag/diesel-engine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.930222 | 319 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Free dictionary and thesaurus of English. Definitions, synonyms, antonyms and more...
Hint: double-click any word to get it searched!
Noun education has 6 senses
- education, instruction, teaching, pedagogy, educational activity - the activities of educating or instructing or teaching; activities that impart knowledge or skill; "he received no formal education"; "our instruction was carefully programmed"; "good teaching is seldom rewarded"
--1 is a kind of activity
--1 has parts:
--1 has particulars:
- education - knowledge acquired by learning and instruction; "it was clear that he had a very broad education"
--2 is a kind of content, cognitive content, mental object
--2 has particulars:
- education - the gradual process of acquiring knowledge; "education is a preparation for life"; "a girl's education was less important than a boy's"
--3 is a kind of learning, acquisition
--3 has particulars:
- education - the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
--4 is a kind of profession
--4 has particulars: teaching, instruction, pedagogy
- education, training, breeding - the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior); "a woman of breeding and refinement"
--5 is a kind of upbringing
- Department of Education, Education Department, Education - the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979
--6 is a kind of executive department | <urn:uuid:331448da-f36d-4827-a0e7-791b77ef50ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.wordnet-online.com/education.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948964 | 337 | 3.265625 | 3 |
The ‘Batman Effect’: How having an alter ego empowers you
By David Robson 18th August 2020
Thinking of yourself as a separate entity can reduce anxiety, while also kicking up some major benefits for your confidence and determination.
How do the world’s top stars muster the poise and determination to stand on stage, despite the nerves and anxiety of having a bad performance? For both Beyoncé and Adele, the secret has been the creation of an alter ego.
Although the embodiment of a fictional persona may seem like a gimmick for pop stars, new research suggests there may be some real psychological benefits to the strategy. Adopting an alter ego is an extreme form of ‘self-distancing’, which involves taking a step back from our immediate feelings to allow us to view a situation more dispassionately.
“Self-distancing gives us a little bit of extra space to think rationally about the situation,” says Rachel White, assistant professor of psychology at Hamilton College in New York State. It allows us to rein in undesirable feelings like anxiety, increases our perseverance on challenging tasks, and boosts our self-control.
Beyoncé debuted her Sasha Fierce alter ego in 2008, which she says boosts her confidence and improves her performance (Credit: Alamy)
Adopting an alter ego is an extreme form of ‘self-distancing’, which involves taking a step back from our immediate feelings to allow us to view a situation more dispassionately
Adele performing in 2015 in Germany. She followed Beyoncé's example and fashioned her own persona called Sasha Carter (Credit: Alamy)
The eye on the prize
Self-distancing seems to enable people to reap these positive effects by leading them to focus on the bigger picture – it’s possible to see events as part of a broader plan rather than getting bogged down in immediate feelings. And this has led some researchers to wonder whether it could also improve elements of self-control like determination, by making sure that we keep focused on our goals even in the face of distraction.
By boosting their sense of self control, self-distancing can also improve people’s health behaviour. It can increase people’s intentions to exercise, for instance, and helps them to resist the temptation of junk food. This is no mean feat. “Few self-control strategies to date have successfully improved eating outcomes,” says Celina Furman, a social psychology researcher at the University of Minnesota.
The ‘Batman Effect’
The possibility that self-distancing could increase willpower is particularly exciting for child psychologists, given that self-discipline is thought to be as important for academic performance as IQ.
What would Beyoncé do?
If you want to try it yourself, White suggests picking a different person for different types of goals – maybe a wise member of your family for a personal dilemma, or a work mentor for a professional problem. “When I was a postdoc, we had a little saying in our lab that if you're an undergrad, pretend to be a grad student. If you are a grad student, pretend to be a postdoc, and if you're a postdoc, pretend to be the leader of the lab – just to get you to that next level,” she says.
Whatever persona we choose, the practice should create some psychological space away from potentially distracting feelings, while also reminding us of the behaviours we want to emulate. Whether we’re placing ourselves in the shoes of a friend, a religious figure, or Beyoncé herself, a little imagination might put us all a little closer to the person we wish to become. | <urn:uuid:8079193e-3d9d-49ae-be3f-46a41f2dc4d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.caiyunapp.com/yi-ge-jian-dan-de-ti-gao-zi-wo-kong-zhi-li-de-fang-fa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949439 | 794 | 2.3125 | 2 |
You can’t always get what you want, as the song goes, but if a Florida State University researcher’s new theory on motivation holds true, you may not want it anymore anyway.
Francis Eppes Professor Roy Baumeister, a renowned social psychologist, has conducted several experiments to learn how satisfaction influences motivation. Baumeister will present his theory at the annual convention of the Association for Psychological Science being held May 24-27 in Washington, D.C.
At the heart of Baumeister’s theory is the idea that humans adapt to want what they can get. It goes something like this: When we want something and get it, the subsequent feeling of satisfaction reinforces and increases the strength of that desire when it returns. Conversely, chronically unsatisfied desires may diminish the intensity of motivation.
"Obviously, we want much that we cannot get, but gradually we want these things a little less," Baumeister said. "It’s the ‘getting’ that begets wanting."
Standard theories of motivation hold that satisfaction reduces subsequent motivational drive. But three experiments conducted by Baumeister and colleagues indicated otherwise.
In one experiment, participants were asked to work a crossword puzzle or play a hand-held video game, and in another, participants were asked to take 15-minute naps on four out of eight days. In a third experiment, participants were asked to read the top news stories on a popular Web site for two weeks. The follow-up to the experiments showed that getting people to engage in an activity led them to want to perform the activity more over time.
This theory of motivation may even explain certain addictive behavior, Baumeister said.
"Addiction may be typical of many motivations, and, in fact, may be less a special case than a common pattern," Baumeister said. "In addiction, getting leads to more wanting. One example is alcohol: Most people can live without it before they discover it, and getting pleasure from it does increase the wanting. Why this process stops short of all-out addiction for some people and not others we don’t know."
The second part of Baumeister’s theory holds that social and cultural factors may shape motivation more strongly when the motivation is weak. The best example of this, according to Baumeister, is that female sexuality is more affected than male sexuality by social and cultural factors because the female sex drive is less intense. By contrast, women have a stronger desire to take care of children, most people believe, and the mother role changes far less with social and cultural factors than the father role.
The study of motivation is important because psychology boils down to two things: wanting and thinking. Most research in recent decades has focused on the thinking component, cognition, while little attention has been paid to the wanting component, or motivation, according to Baumeister.
Understanding what motivates people could eventually help psychologists more effectively treat certain patients, Baumeister said. | <urn:uuid:a1049fbd-b418-4654-a900-f3922f0081b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.fsu.edu/news/education-society/2007/05/24/no-satisfaction-zaps-motivation-fsu-psychologist-says/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948325 | 614 | 2.75 | 3 |
To Make Sweet Dough:
In 2-cup measuring cup, combine milk and 1 tablespoon sugar. Sprinkle in yeast and whisk to blend. Allow to stand 5 minutes or until yeast is foamy. Add eggs; whisk until smooth. Continue below with either the food processor method or mixer method.
14-cup Food Processor Method:
Combine remaining 4 tablespoons sugar, flour, salt and cold butter in food processor bowl with dough or cutting blade. Process 5 seconds. With motor running, slowly pour milk mixture through feed tube until combined. Continue to process about 45 seconds or until dough forms.* Continue with Proofing below.
In large mixer bowl fitted with beaters, combine remaining 4 tablespoons sugar, flour, and salt. Mix in milk mixture. With mixer running, add 1/2 cup butter, one tablespoon at a time, mixing well between additions. Continue beating on medium speed for 1 minute.
Replace beaters with dough hook. Knead bread dough on medium-high speed for 8 to10 minutes, until dough is soft and silky and pulls away from the edge. Add one tablespoon flour to dough and mix dough, just to clean the sides of the bowl.* Continue with Proofing.
Brush melted butter or oil inside 3-quart bowl. Form dough into a ball and place in bowl. Brush top of dough with melted butter. Place bowl in Wolf oven on Rack 3. Place pie plate with hot water on rack below dough in oven. Bake in PROOF at 110ºF for 1 to 1 1/2 hours or until dough is doubled in size.**
Position oven rack to rack position 3. Preheat oven on CONVECTION at 325°F.
To Make Topping:
Spread pecans on jelly roll pan. Toast 10 to 12 minutes or until fragrant and slightly darker. Let cool completely.
Melt butter in 2-quart saucepan on Wolf cooktop over medium heat. Stir in brown sugar, cream, honey, salt, and orange rind. Bring to a boil, reduce heat to low, and simmer 3 to 4 minutes or until golden brown and glossy. Pour 1 cup mixture into 8-inch square pan, spreading to coat bottom and sides of pan. Set aside remaining sauce. Sprinkle 1/2 cup toasted pecans over bottom of cake pan and let cool.
To Make Filling:
In mixer bowl combine butter, brown sugar, cinnamon, nutmeg and salt. Beat on medium speed 2 to 3 minutes or until light and fluffy. Set aside.
To Assemble Buns:
Punch down dough and place on floured surface. Roll dough to 12x16" rectangle. Place long side in front. Spread filling over dough leaving a 1 inch border on long side opposite you. Sprinkle with 3/4 cup pecans. Beginning with long edge, roll dough into a log, tightening as you roll, and patting in ends. Pinch seam together to seal. Place seam down. Using unflavored dental floss, cut dough into 9 equal pieces, crossing the floss at the top to cut the rolls.
Place each bun cut side up into pan spacing them evenly apart. Gently flatten slightly.*** Store remaining nuts and topping in separate airtight containers.
Loosely cover pan with plastic wrap or a kitchen towel. Let buns rise in a warm draft-free area until double in size, 45 minutes to 1 hour or 1 1/2 to 2 hours if dough has been chilled overnight. Preheat oven in CONVECTION to 325°F. Whisk egg with 1/2 tsp. water in a small bowl. Brush tops of buns with egg wash. Bake 50 to 55 minutes or until buns are golden brown, and a thermometer inserted into the center of a bun registers 185°F. Let cool for 5 minutes. Turn rolls over onto serving plate. Brush or spoon remaining glaze over buns. Sprinkle remaining 1/2 cup pecans and seas salt over rolls. Serve warm or at room temperature.
*The dough can be made 1 day ahead and covered with plastic wrap. Place in Sub-Zero refrigerator.
**Refrigerated dough will take 30 to 45 minutes longer to proof.
***Prepared rolls can be made 1 day ahead, covered and refrigerated overnight in Sub-Zero refrigerator. | <urn:uuid:cb2ec20f-891e-4888-b468-c6ae912821fa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ca.subzero-wolf.com/en/use-and-care/recipes/sticky-buns | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.873123 | 910 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Don't mention the climate
By The Economist | NEW YORK
WHAT do the Christian Coalition, GM, General Electric and Shell have in common with the NRDC, the BlueGreen Alliance and the AFL-CIO?
They all signed their names to this statement:
How will America take back control of its energy future while enhancing our national security?
When will the U.S. economy regain its competitive edge instead of letting other countries corner the emerging global clean energy market?
How can we get the U.S. back on track by creating American jobs in the new low-carbon economy?
How can we protect our natural resources and future generations from climate change?
We believe it's time for Democrats and Republicans to unite behind bi-partisan, national energy and climate legislation that increases our security and limits emissions, as it preserves and creates jobs.
Notice what comes first ("national security"), second ("competitive edge") and third ("creating American jobs"). Now notice what has to wait until fourth place ("protect...future generations from climate change").
It's going to take a lot of bottom-up pressure of this kind to make any greenhouse-gas bill happen in 2010. Arguments based on the climate alone—let's not destroy the climate system in defence of our inalienable right to get eight miles to the gallon—have little traction in the country right now. So its proponents are trying everything else they can: stop sending money to terrorists! Beat China in this round of high-tech competition! Create jobs! Oh, and mumble mumble climate mumble mumble.
This is the kind of thing Lindsey Graham tried out on angry constituents after signing an op-ed with John Kerry on limiting emissions. And notice the title of the Senate bill: "Clean Energy Jobs and American Power Act". No "climate" to be found. This is the only way to sell it. And even then, it's a hard sell.
Thinning out the field of Democrats could focus minds on the way to Iowa’s caucuses
Matt Bevin, the unpopular incumbent, hopes to survive a formidable challenge by aligning himself with the president
The gerrymandering fix could help Democrats keep the House in 2020 | <urn:uuid:c14b250e-2c31-48d9-8732-6bfc96390eb1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.economist.com/democracy-in-america/2010/01/21/dont-mention-the-climate | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.907123 | 455 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Regional health information exchanges in California, Indiana, and Massachusetts have been collaborating on a prototype for a nationwide health information network, first under the auspices of the Markle Foundation's Connecting for Health program and now under contract to the Department of Health and Human Services' Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. Since mid-2004, this collaboration has evolved from a collection of regional efforts to a standards-driven cooperative and now to one of four prototype national networks fostered by federal efforts. This development reflects a maturing market for interoperability and integration in healthcare information technology, starting with RHIOs, and suggests one response to the industry's need for the type of plug-and-play information exchange available in other industries. The authors share their experiences and their views of how RHIOs and a Nationwide Health Information Network will further develop to make interoperable electronic health records a reality in coming years. The content of this article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official view of the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||8|
|Journal||Journal of healthcare information management : JHIM|
|State||Published - 2006|
ASJC Scopus subject areas | <urn:uuid:c38e73f4-22f7-4e24-a74c-3627a0350667> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nyuscholars.nyu.edu/en/publications/a-tale-of-three-cities-where-rhios-meet-the-nhin | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.889279 | 295 | 1.609375 | 2 |
by Craig Klugman, Ph.D
In the last few weeks, you may have heard from central and left-leaning media that Scott Atlas, a radiologist who appears to be leading White House COVID policy, has managed to make “herd immunity” the official federal response to COVID-19.
If you prefer right-leaning media, then you may have heard of the Great Barrington Declaration, an international document led by three scientists that urges against lock downs, quarantine, and isolation, and instead suggests letting young people get COVID to help build herd immunity. “The most compassionate approach that balances the risks and benefits of reaching herd immunity, is to allow those who are at minimal risk of death to live their lives normally to build up immunity to the virus through natural infection, while better protecting those who are at highest risk.”
A recent Washington Postarticle looked at philosophical theories and how they respond to the Declaration. While possibly permissible under utilitarianism and notions of the “common good”, most other theories find this a problematic proposal. But what about a bioethics analysis?
To begin, the CDC defines herd immunity as “A situation in which a sufficient proportion of a population is immune to an infectious disease (through vaccination and/or prior illness) to make its spread from person to person unlikely. Even individuals not vaccinated (such as newborns and those with chronic illnesses) are offered some protection because the disease has little opportunity to spread within the community.” For example, if you had a flock of sheep and a virus was infecting them, at a certain point enough sheep would have been infected (and survived) that the virus would not have a sufficient number of new hosts to infect to keep the epidemic going. Not every sheep will have had the disease, but they will be protected by those who survived infection and developed immunity.
“Never in the history of public health has herd immunity been used as a strategy for responding to an outbreak, let alone a pandemic. It is scientifically and ethically problematic,” said WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. In humans, herd immunity is used to mean the percent of people who need to be vaccinated against a microorganism before the infection cannot get a toehold in the population. For measles, herd immunity is 93-95%. For polio, the rate is 80-86%. When that level of the population is immune (usually through immunization), then the disease will not establish in the population. This offers protection for people who cannot be immunized because they are allergic to a component of the vaccine or have had a bad reaction to receiving some vaccines previously. When population level immunity drops below that rate, then the infection can establish to infect, maim, and kill people.
For COVID-19, approximations are that 10% of the world has been infected. Based on its characteristics, epidemiologists estimate that the herd immunity rate is 58-65%, far lower than other diseases. But the death rate for COVD-19 is consequential. In the US, the death rate is 67.57/100,000 and the case fatality rate is 2.7%. To achieve the 58% herd immunity would mean vaccinating at least 192 million Americans. This can be achieved once we have a safe and effective vaccine, have produced it in sufficient volume, and have delivered it to the population. Since a vaccine is controlled (either a dead or weakened form of a virus, or a new technology that stimulates the immune system to act like it was attacked by the virus), the chances of getting sick with COVID from the vaccine are nil and death rates are equally low.
The Barrington proposal, though, says we do not have time to wait for a safe and effective vaccine, to have sufficient doses, and to deliver it. Instead, the writers suggest removing our public health restrictions for anyone not in a “high risk” group (co-morbidities, elderly) and let them get infected to build up to herd immunity. Knowing that if young people get infected and are then subject to life-long health issues (“long-haulers”) and that they are very likely to spread the virus to others, the life-cost of this approach would be between 2.3 and 5.1 million deaths in the U.S. alone. Unlike a vaccine which is safe and has no chance of giving the COVID disease to a person, this proposal is that people get infected with the live virus and that has a high risk of morbidity and mortality.
The proposal also makes a factually unproven assumption—that being infected confers long-term immunity. Studies show that people who have recovered from COVID infection do not have detectable t-cells (and in some cases antibodies) after a few months. Immune response over time (and we have been in this for less than a year) seems to correlate with severity of the infection (more severe=stronger immunity). This does not bode well to the idea of long-term immunity. In fact, for many months there have been stories of people being reinfected with COVID-19 and even peer-reviewed studies showing the same. Research in this area is stymied in part by lack of universal testing (every country seems to have its own tests) and by lack of surveillance testing (lack of data on how widespread infection really is).
Bioethics also encourages us to consider social justice in analyzing a case. COVID-19 disproportionately affects communities of color, people who are older, and people with co-morbidities. The Barrington Declaration is, in fact, an ageist sand ableist statement since it clearly states that the lives of the old and inform are less important that the young: The Declaration states, “We know that vulnerability to death from COVID-19 is more than a thousand-fold higher in the old and infirm than the young. Indeed, for children, COVID-19 is less dangerous than many other harms, including influenza”. Thus, even if the science and ethics were not enough to show the fallacy of this approach, it’s discriminatory basis and application certainly shows that this is a direction that should not be followed.
In response to this Declaration, 5,300 scientists have signed the “John Snow Memorandum” which argues against the Declaration and explains that public health measures are necessary for controlling the pandemic and saving lives. WHO Director-General Ghebreyesus in his biting response to the Declaration said, “Allowing a dangerous virus that we don’t fully understand to run free is simply unethical. It’s not an option.”
The bioethics principles of nonmaleficence and beneficence mean we have a duty not to cause harm and to protect from harm. The Barrington Declaration would lead to a large number of deaths on the level of a genocide of the aged, the disabled, and the sick. This concept would allow COVID to kill a population equivalent to the entire state of South Carolina or Alabama or the nations of Costa Rica or Norway. Not to mention, that this is a disease associated with a percent of people experiencing long term sequelae that includes terminal lung damage, kidney damage, liver and brain function changes. No one knows who gets the long term health problems and who does not. From a public health ethics perspective, solidarity is the key value—reducing morbidity and mortality. Barrington does the opposite, maximizing morbidity and mortality.
The Barrington/Atlas approach cannot be the approach of a civilized, compassionate, and ethical society. It is up to every one of us through our words (write, call, email) and our actions (voting) to make sure this draconian proposal is never enacted. | <urn:uuid:0b7fed78-542c-457f-b1dc-6e277d3cd867> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bioethicstoday.org/blog/why-the-heard-mentality-approach-only-increases-suffering/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963692 | 1,615 | 2.9375 | 3 |
My experience learning Dutch has been enjoyable thus far for someone who is at an A2 level. I admit it’s not the easiest language nor sounds as endearing to the ear like French or Spanish. However, with an eagerness to learn and a great teacher you can steadily make your way towards fluency. While this is definitely the case when you’re in a classroom setting; once COVID-19 hit this became a challenge for all institutions, teachers, faculty and students. What was once traditional face-to-face classroom learning came to a halt. From June 2020 my peers and I resumed class online via distance learning. We were already in a small group of seven for personalized learning.
The reality is that remote learning, virtual learning or whatever you want to call it may be here to stay indefinitely. Transitioning to an online environment can take some time. It took 5 months of adjustment for myself with learning Dutch but for others this will vary. So the questions is with Dutch being one of hardest languages to learn, is it difficult to learn Dutch online? Over the past 5 months this is the conclusion I’ve come to.
Pronunciation Can be Hard to Get Down
I find this to be the biggest struggle of them all. Without the person to person interaction that you get in class, exact pronunciation may be a bit more difficult to master. I cannot count the number of times our teacher says for us to repeat after her then the internet starts lagging. This can make it especially hard to hear what your teacher is saying as well as waste valuable class time. However, I appreciate what my current teacher is doing to ensure we get to practice. She creates outbreak sessions in Zoom where we are paired off with other students. This way we practice a dialogue or listening exercise to have speaking time. After 10 minutes our teacher joins us to help correct any mistakes. It can hard to correct three students at a time but this method is still better than not doing an oral exercises.
If you worry that your pronunciation is still not being developed it’s a relief that the internet is at your disposal. There are countless Youtube videos and shows to watch and better help with this. I love watching videos from Bart de Pau and Dutchies to Be.
Self Discipline Really Comes into Play
Let’s face it, with distance learning your workload may have increased. Also add to the fact that you may now have less contact with your teacher. What do you do then? Learning Dutch online means that you have to be more self disciplined and work efficiently since your on your own. Your teacher is not there to give you reminder or make sure you’re following the schedule or syllabus in place.
Time management is one of the important skills that comes to mind. For instance, if I have two chapters of homework due on Wednesday, I’ll be getting a head start in order to be prepared. There is also a lot of self study when it comes to distance learning so having a set schedule really helps. I like to fill my Google Calendar with blocked times for study and homework. It’s also easy to get disorganized with all the papers and coursework. Have self discipline encourages me to put all this material in respective binders and folders so I can find things easily.
There Can Be a Lack of Social Interaction
One of the best aspects of class is meeting new students and interacting with one another. In the classroom environment our teacher would put us into different groups. It gave us a chance to get to know other students and make friends. Now, our interactions are on Whatsapp, email and discussion groups. While this is great it can feel unfulfilling compared to interacting in person. Our teachers are attunely aware of the separateness, but overall the classroom experience promotes better collaborative learning than e-learning does.
Learning Dutch Online Can Be More Cost Efficient
The option to have an in person Dutch class with 4 people or less is more expensive than online. This in turn eased the stress on my wallet. Not to mention there is no need to spend extra cost or time on commuting to your lesson.
Your Work Space Must be Functionable
For both teachers and students having a suitable workspace can have an effect on the learning experience. If you need to sit in a chair for three hours make sure it’s a comfortable one. Is the lighting okay? Having too much backlight can distort your figure so if you can go for natural light that is the best option.
To Break or Not Break?
Breaks are essential for any type of learning. It’s proven to increase students’ focus and productivity. However, what I notice is that I take less breaks when learning online. That 5 minutes is so crucial for me to check over any corrections or misunderstandings (or maybe there were too many distractions and I need these 5 minutes). I feel that breaks have different meanings when you’re learning from home. There’s all kinds of distractions around and it’s easier to make excuses and procrastinate. Do yourself a favor
Limit your social media time, put your phone in another room if you need to
Teachers have Done a Great Job of Adapting
We really need to give more credit to our instructors for adapting to the ‘new normal’. They are working tirelessly and have done an exceptional job of transitioning to an online environment. Some of them had nor prior distance learning experience and are now experts! My first Dutch teacher switched us online when the Netherlands first went into lockdown. She had to think of new and innovative ways to encourage and motivate us throughout the lesson. With each week the transition became smoother with each lesson. I’ve heard from other friends that their teachers adjust well to challenges such as technical difficulties and other disruptions. Since our teachers have adapted so well we students feel comfortable to learn Dutch online.
Is it Hard to Learn Dutch Online?
Whether taking Dutch or another class shifting to an online environment has been a trial and error process for us all. If you’re debating whether to wait and take a class until the pandemic is over, I recommend to reconsider. There is a possibility the wait will be long. If you’re thinking that Dutch is too hard of a language to learn online you are not necessarily wrong. It’s not an easy language but in hindsight, you can master anything with good motivation and persistence. With any language you need to step out of your comfort zone and just start practicing. Nonetheless, education must continue on and teachers are doing a fantastic job of conducting lessons online. | <urn:uuid:dd883a7b-ea96-4d5e-aacc-7c7969298b8c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://charmingmarie.com/dutch-culture/is-it-difficult-to-learn-dutch-online-a-students-perspective/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.961923 | 1,356 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Getting started with pediatric floor physical therapy
Physical therapy services are typically initiated once you have discussed your condition with your healthcare provider. Physical therapy is a conservative treatment approach for pelvic muscle dysfunction. If your health care provider is not familiar with this treatment we would be happy to provide information to them regarding our treatment protocols. In the state of New York, you have limited direct access to treatment by a physical therapist without a physician referral. However, insurance guidelines may require a prescription for reimbursement. If you come to therapy without a previous medical assessment, we may request a visit to your healthcare provider if the therapist feels it is in your best interest. Discuss your condition with your healthcare provider and ask for a referral.
To schedule an appointment, call (914) 552-9639, or complete the contact form. Once you have scheduled your appointment, please read and completed the appropriate patient information and determine what your out of network insurance benefit is prior to your first visit.
Please print and sign the following forms we have provided on this website:
- Pediatric Health History & Screening Questionnaire
- Pediatric Consent to Treat
- Receipt of Privacy Notice
- Bladder Log (print 3 copies)
- Bladder Log Instructions
Please review our Notice of Privacy Practices and Financial/Cancellation policies.
What to expect at your child’s initial visit
We believe in treating the whole patient. Prior to your first visit, your therapist will ask you to fill out a 3 day diet/bladder/bowel diary. At your initial evaluation, your physical therapist will take a detailed description of your child’s medical history and current concerns. Please have all pertinent medical records available (medication list, surgical reports, x-rays, urodynamics study etc) as well as your referring doctor’s written prescription.
A comprehensive physical examination will be performed including an assessment of your child’s posture, flexibility, balance, and coordination. A pelvic floor muscle visual evaluation will then be conducted to observe the integrity of your child’s skin, ability to contract the pelvic floor muscles correctly, and to check for normal sensation/reflexes of the anus with a light external touch. There are absolutely NO internal vaginal or rectal exams performed by physical therapists in the pediatric population. Your therapist may choose to perform a biofeedback evaluation to assess the muscle activity of your child’s pelvic floor. This involves the use of external muscle sensors near the rectal opening which enable you to see how your child’s muscles are responding on a computer. All initial visits are 60 minutes long and are performed with a parent or guardian present.
How long will my child need therapy?
While total length of treatment varies from child to child, a course of treatment may last 2-5 weeks. Follow up visits are 60 minutes.
Appointments available! Call (914) 713-5078 today.
440 White Plains Rd, Eastchester, NY
Did you know?
About 50% of pregnant women will suffer from some kind of low back pain at some point during their pregnancies or during the postpartum period.
Meet your physical therapist
Marina Castellanos, MPT has extensive training in therapeutic treatments for women and children experiencing pelvic floor dysfunction. | <urn:uuid:fdc0c196-60bd-43a5-8dee-4b31140c3582> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://marinacpt.com/resources/what-to-expect-at-pediatric-pelvic-floor-therapy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.91132 | 683 | 1.554688 | 2 |
The plan still requires approval from the federal government, but universities have expressed their desire to get international students in Australia back as soon as possible.
Under the plan, arrivals would be required to quarantine for two weeks at Parafield Airport in Adelaide’s north.
In 2019, international students were worth over $40 billion to the local economy, with that figure down by $9 billion during the pandemic, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics.
Overseas students already in Australia can continue to study, however, since the closure of the international borders those abroad have been barred from returning.
Adelaide CBD medi-hotels would continue to be used for returning Australians under the state’s proposal.
Earlier this month Prime Minister Scott Morrison said the government was working on schemes to allow international students back in New South Wales, the Northern Territory as well as SA.
Mr Morrison told 2GB’s Ben Fordham the commonwealth was working with states and the university sector on the proposal, which would be paid for by universities. | <urn:uuid:c0fcaa0c-6167-43b6-8b4d-1ba63ce4f442> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://global.newstarsec.com.au/?p=2265 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.956326 | 286 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Healthcare in the United States is based on the medical–pharma model of “one drug for one bug.” Pharmaceuticals typically work by blunting pathways in the body for effectiveness, which frequently comes with detrimental side effects. Cannabis with THC and whole plant CBD, on the other hand, work by enabling pathways, creating balance and homeostasis. Could the endocannabinoid system and cannabis be the answer to health and wellness? The more practitioners and researchers learn, the more the answer points to yes. The question of how much cannabis each person needs to produce the desired health effect is a bit trickier.
CBD is regarded among researchers as a generally safe product because of its lack of dangerous side effects. The most common side effects of CBD among otherwise healthy individuals are fatigue, diarrhea, and changes in appetite. That being said, if you have any health concerns whatsoever, it is important to speak with a healthcare professional competent in cannabinoid medicine before taking CBD. CBD can have harmful drug interactions (see The Grapefruit Rule below) and can even worsen some conditions, such as glaucoma.
Select CBD products based on individual needs, meaning that the dosage, the delivery method, and other factors are personalized for you specifically. There is no one-size- fits-all solution for any given condition. Two similar people with similar conditions can have completely different reactions to CBD delivery methods and dosages. Work under the guidance of a practitioner who is well versed in integrating cannabis into health and wellness.
FIND YOUR SWEET SPOT
CBD products indicate a wide range of dosages on their labels. That is partly because of the biphasic nature of CBD and partly because different cultivars and different doses work differently for different individuals—even for the same conditions. It is similar to diets—different food plans work for different people with the same conditions. That is partly because of biochemical individuality.
Finding your specific sweet spot for CBD—the product, delivery format, and dose—can take trial and error. A cannabis clinician can guide you on your journey with cannabis for health and wellness.
Here are some guidelines to help you get started:
- GIVE IT TIME. CBD can have subtle effects, so sometimes changes are not obvious. Other times, particularly for anxiety relief, CBD’s effects can happen very quickly when using sublingual products.
- SPREAD IT OUT. Depending on the format and recommended dose, dividing doses throughout the day may be helpful.
- LAYER PRODUCTS. Using various CBD formats can be helpful to gain maximum benefits.
- BE OBSERVANT. Watch for changes in your mood, sleep, and health condition. Keeping a journal can be helpful.
The grapefruit rule
Although CBD has a great safety profile, it can impact the clearance of other drugs because it is a P450 inhibitor—just like grapefruit. That means that it can affect how you metabolize medications such as painkillers, statins, blood thinners, and insulin. Cancer and epilepsy medications may also be affected by the presence of CBD. Always check with your prescribing doctor before adding CBD to your daily regimen if you take any medications. As a general rule, if grapefruit interferes with your meds, CBD probably will, too.
Less Is More: Start Low and Go Slow
CBD is biphasic, meaning it can have two different effects depending on the dose. Typically:
- A LITTLE CBD is stimulating.
- A LOT OF CBD is sedating.
That sweet spot is key. Think of it like a curve, but the size and slope of the curve depend on the individual. A dose that helps one person focus may make another person’s eyelids droop. Taking too much CBD can cause the opposite problem: while a low dose may mellow your mood, a high dose may amplify anxiety. That is why experts suggest to “start low and go slow.”
The grapefruit rule
- Choose your method. Pick the delivery method that works for you.
- Start low. Sometimes a little bit is all you need, so start with a low dose of CBD. And remember that because CBD is biphasic, taking too much can make it less effective.
- Talk to your primary care provider. If you have a primary care physician or other clinician, be sure to keep him or her informed about the supplements you are using, including CBD.
What to Watch For
Though CBD usually does not have serious effects, there are things to be mindful of:
- DRY MOUTH. Not everyone experiences dry mouth, but it is the most common side effect of ingesting hemp extracts. Some consider it a small price to pay for relief.
- DIZZINESS OR FAINTNESS. Dizziness and faintness may be good indications that CBD is working as a sedative rather than a stimulant.
- INCREASED ANXIETY. If you notice stress levels are rising, you may be overdoing it on the dosage or CBD may not be right for you.
- DRUG INTERACTIONS. CBD lowers the activity levels of certain enzymes in the P450 detoxification system in the liver. Because that system is responsible for clearing many drugs from the body and activating other drugs, it is important to talk to your pharmacist about potential interactions. See “The Grapefruit Rule” for more info.
Partnering with a Cannabis Clinician
Consulting with a healthcare professional who is well versed in integrating whole plant CBD with holistic modalities is preferable. Professionals who simply replace your medications with CBD are not necessarily working with you to optimize your health. Cannabis is not meant to be a bandage approach. An integrative cannabis clinician can truly guide you on your journey to wellness using CBD and other approaches to influence your overall health.
If your doctor does not know about the endocannabinoid system or does not appreciate holistic medicine, look for a practitioner who does. When it comes to your health, it is essential to explore all different avenues. Western medicine is based on treating symptoms that accompany disease, rather than healing the root cause of an issue. CBD can have powerful medicinal properties, so partnering with a clinician who understands and appreciates the benefits of cannabis is essential.
BE SMART ABOUT CBD
Deciding to integrate CBD into your lifestyle is an important step on your journey to health and wellness, a smart decision. Now what? How do you decide what type of product you need? What dose and timing are best for you and your specific needs? What are the differences among brands? These are just a few questions to ask as you set out to find your individualized path with CBD.
As with all supplements and personal products, caveat emptor—buyer beware. It is up to you as the consumer to know what you are buying. It is that simple and that challenging. Reading labels is a must, as is consulting with a healthcare practitioner knowledgeable about canna- bis. Doing a bit of research before you buy a product is key, but here is some guidance for getting started.
Whole Plant hemp oil
The term hemp oil is a bit confusing. What we are talking about in this book is whole plant CBD oil extract from the hemp flower. Whole plant means that the product contains various cannabinoids, terpenes, and other plant materials, creating the entourage effect. Many products are labeled “whole plant hemp oil” instead of “CBD oil” for that very reason. For products that you consume by mouth, whole plant hemp oil is generally preferred to CBD isolate. For skincare and beauty products, CBD isolate is acceptable.
Know Hemp Oil versus Hemp Oil
Confusing, right? The CBD oil, or extract, that is made from the flower is what this book covers. And then there is hemp seed oil that is used in cooking and on salads. These are two different products made from different parts of the hemp plant. These oils can be easy to differentiate, simply based on bottle size and price. The healing oil with CBD extract and other cannabinoids (known as whole plant) is typically in a smaller bottle with a dropper and costs more per ounce. Hemp oil that is in the food category has a lower price per ounce, similar in price to other cooking and salad oils.
Read the Label
A hemp-derived CBD label, which belongs in the dietary supplement category, can provide a lot of information. Look for:
- Name of the product and company
- Type of CBD—whole plant or isolate
- Milligrams of extract in the total product and per serving
- Source of the plant—organic, sustainable farm or not
- Ingredients listed in descending order of amount
- Supplement facts
- Directions for use and the recommended dosage
- Extraction method used
- GMP, or Good Manufacturing Practices
- Third-party testing verification
Consult with a cannabis practitioner to determine what is important for you specifically.
Cannabis is a bioaccumulator, meaning it draws toxins from the soil. Any contaminants that are in the soil can be absorbed by the whole cannabis plant. Toxins are absorbed more into the seed than the flower. When CBD is extracted and concentrated, it too will contain pollutants that were present in the soil. So it is important for CBD products to come from plants grown on farms that use organic growing practices, free of pesticides and other harmful chemicals. Unfortunately, some whole plant CBD brands tend to throw the term “organic” around lightly; again, buyer beware. There is currently no USDA certification for organic cannabis.
AVOID ARTIFICIAL OR UNNECESSARY INGREDIENTS
CBD does not require any chemical fillers, additives, preservatives, or flavors. Check the label for harmful ingredients such as:
- Artificial ingredients—colorings, flavorings, sweeteners
- High-fructose corn syrup
- Thinning agents, such as propylene glycol
Select products that have zero or little sugar. Sugar contributes to inflammation, which is the exact opposite of what you want from a CBD product. Many cannabis edibles contain sugar, so be sure to read labels.
regenerative agricultural practices
Some hemp farmers are using more organic and regenerative farming methods that increase soil health through crop rotation, cover crops, use of compost, and elimination of synthetic chemicals. Conventionally grown hemp, however, uses synthetic fertilizers and may be grown on land previously used for crops that used the herbicide RoundUp, which contains glyphosate. Glyphosate is a health hazard and has been associated with cancer, autism spectrum disorder, and ADHD. Research indicates that glyphosate is harmful to the gut microbiome, impacting the gut–brain axis. That means that certain hemp brands may do more harm than good because of trace levels of glyphosate in the whole plant CBD extract. Together with a cannabis clinician, you can make smart choices. Health begins in the soil, and consumers supporting organic and regenerative farming help create a better planet.
From The CBD Oil Miracle by Laura Lagano. Copyright © 2019 by the author and reprinted by permission of St. Martin’s Publishing Group.
Photography by Alyson Brown
Original Red Belly Honey
$79.49 – $208.47 | <urn:uuid:2d71f462-5c82-4595-8d64-5e449d83cd8b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://redbellyhoney.com/learn-about-cbd-dosage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.938857 | 2,372 | 2.296875 | 2 |
There were notable aspects of U.S. engagement with Uzbekistan from September 2001 until 2004, when Karimov allowed U.S. forces to use the Karshi-Khanabad air base in southern Uzbekistan as a hub for U.S.-led coalition missions in neighboring Afghanistan. In a span of two years, Uzbekistan saw visits from then-U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld (three, in fact), Secretary of State Colin Powell, and nearly 80 U.S. Congressmen.
U.S. concern over widespread poverty and human rights abuses in Uzbekistan was in evidence in May 2005, after Karimov cracked down on violent antigovernment unrest in the eastern city of Andijan, killing hundreds of unarmed protesters.
Washington responded with criticism and demanded an international investigation. Uzbek officials subsequently ordered U.S. forces to vacate the Karshi-Khanabad air base, and they have since banished U.S. nongovernmental organizations and media.
The largest U.S. business venture in Uzbekistan also fell victim to Karimov's anti-Western campaign.
Colorado-based Newmont Mining Corporation's $250 million venture with Kazakhstan's Zarafshan operates the largest open-pit gold mine in the world, at Muruntau, in Uzbekistan's Qyzylqum Desert. It was the first major joint venture by a Western mining company in the former Soviet Union. One year ago, Uzbek authorities seized gold and other assets from the venture and lodged tax claims against it. Authorities gave the company three years -- until 2005 -- to pay those back taxes. Zarafshan-Newmont eventually filed for bankruptcy, and a yearlong dispute over the joint venture concluded in July. The result forced the Americans from the country and eliminated any hope that they could run the mine on their own.
Newmont has already written off a large part of the investment. The company was forced to turn to international arbitration in Stockholm. Fearing such litigation and the prospect of an international ruling, Uzbek officials approached U.S. officials with a dispute-settlement proposal. Under the terms of that proposal, Newmont will reportedly transfer its stake in the joint venture to Uzbekistan and receive one-third of what it invested during 13 years of operation.
The U.S. investor in Coscom -- an Uzbek-U.S. joint venture that is Uzbekistan's third-largest mobile operator -- has been forced out of the country. The company agreed to sell outstanding shares to TeliaSonera, the Nordic-Baltic telecommunications group.
Asked about U.S. business interests in Uzbekistan during a visit to Tashkent in 2006, Richard Boucher, the assistant secretary of state and top U.S. official for Central Asia, suggested that investors will draw their own conclusions based on the actions taken in specific cases.
A meeting in June of Uzbek officials with representatives of the American Chamber of Commerce underlined the obscurity of Uzbek-U.S. economic cooperation. At that Washington meeting, Uzbekistan's minister for foreign economic relations, Elyor Ganiyev, offered up Uzbek investment possibilities. But he added that it is mainly Russia and his country's Asian neighbors who exploit them. Trade turnover with the United States is low enough that the Uzbek minister offered a total for the past five years in a single figure of $500 million. By comparison, bilateral trade between Uzbekistan and Russia grew in 2006 by an annual 51 percent, to some $3.1 billion.
Uzbekistan, which plays a key geostrategic role in Central Asia, might well appear distant and unimportant in terms of economic cooperation to U.S. observers. But American business in neighboring oil-rich Kazakhstan is thriving.
Uzbekistan has unique potential for natural resources and other raw materials. The total mineral and raw-material potential of the country is estimated at some $3.5 trillion. Uzbekistan is in the top 10 on a list of global producers of copper and resource uranium. It also possesses enormous opportunities and potential in the area of gold mining: Uzbekistan is the world's 9th largest producer of gold, and the second largest among 15 former Soviet republics; it is the group's biggest per-capita producer of gold. The gold-mining industry is among the most attractive in Uzbekistan for foreign investors.
The government in Tashkent prefers the country's traditional route for gas exports, which is through Russia. Its oil resources can only meet the needs of domestic consumption, if they are managed well. The United States previously had a stake in gold mining, the construction of the oil and gas infrastructure, and farming machinery, but most of those ties have disappeared.
On the other hand, Uzbekistan could well become a key U.S. ally and economic partner in the region. It enjoys an important geostrategic location, and its population of 27 million makes it Central Asia's largest potential market. It is little wonder that, in the mid-1990s, U.S. companies like Procter & Gamble initially located their regional hubs in Tashkent -- until the Uzbek government limited its currency's convertibility and diverted many investors out of Uzbekistan into Kazakhstan.
The most recent assessment of the London-based Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) describes the political risk in Uzbekistan as extremely high. Although Uzbekistan is starving for investment, EIU Uzbekistan analyst Ann-Louise Hagger says the investment environment there is currently especially unfavorable for Westerners.
Russia, China, and Southeast Asian countries are getting used to the environment, however.
The new U.S. ambassador to Uzbekistan, Richard Norland, is expected to take up his post at the embassy in Tashkent soon. Economic cooperation with Uzbekistan looks to be one of his main challenges.
Uzbekistan, Russia, And The West
President Karimov (left) with Russian President Putin in July 2005 (epa)
BETWEEN EAST AND WEST: One of the ramifications of the May 2005 bloodshed in Andijon has been a souring of relations between Tashkent and the West, accompanied by a raproachment between Uzbekistan and Russia. Following sharp U.S. and European criticism of the Andijon crackdown, Uzbekistan kicked the United States out of the Karshi-Khanabad air base and began actively courting Moscow.
"Today, we are reaching an unprecedented level in our relationship," Uzbek President Islam Karimov said during a November 2005 summit with Russian President Vladimir Putin, at which the leaders signed a strategic-partnership agreement. "I understand and we all understand in Uzbekistan that it is unprecedented that Russia signs such a partnership agreement with Uzbekistan."
For an annotated timeline of the Andijon events and their repercussions, click here. | <urn:uuid:08faaf1b-2ad6-4087-b23e-66fa0c8b5271> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rferl.org/a/1078168.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.958379 | 1,429 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Directly, the medical services industry is in incredible need of expert qualified doctor colleagues and on the off chance that you are intending to be one; at that point you are setting your vocation destined for success. Be that as it may, ensure before you select with one, you have all pertinent subtleties, for example, coursework, work obligation and compensation possibilities. These days, doctor associate positions are increasing another rush of prominence. Inferable from their ubiquity, such positions are among most generously compensated in the market. Besides, it requires no unique legitimacy to enlist yourself into the course, as only fulfilling qualification encourages you discover a seat.
As a piece of educational program, you require examining different science subjects that identify with restorative fields. You require contemplating subjects, for example, science, science, organic chemistry, microbiology, radiology, material science, software engineering, instrumentation, and pharmacology and life systems. Notwithstanding, you scarcely need to read coursework intended for enlisted doctors. Rather, the coursework for the program depends on understanding the hypothesis and inside and out comprehension on the practicals. Any understudy with a normal IQ could undoubtedly clear the accreditation coursework to discover him/her an early activity. You can hope to discover rewarding compensations directly from the time you join as a beginner. Undoubtedly, doctor collaborator occupations hold a worthwhile profession, which develops with the experience you gain in the field.
In the event that you convey an enthusiasm for thinking about basic aptitudes that you require working for driving an effective profession, at that point you need visiting facilities and check with them genuinely. You may visit a center and interface with doctor colleague there and find about the outstanding tasks at hand that he/she meets. Most importantly, you can weight on watching them while they play out their obligations. As you watch them, you will see that much Karl Anthony Simon Physician Assistant of the activity goes into performing primer evaluations, taking care of hardware, making reports, regulating sterilization of gear, and managing patients. Besides, as a component of their timetable it expects them to manage a wide range of guests and taking care of crisis cases.
Doctor associate positions will give you chance to increase an early budgetary freedom If you get a vocation not long after finishing the program. Additionally, the compensation bundles are comparable to those offered for generally specialized or proficient administration courses. Further, you work in helpful movements with end of the week occasions or concerning the standards of the center. Consequently, you get rewarding compensation when determined on every hour premise, which is set to increment with additional time and mastery picked up in the field.
To comprehend work jobs and obligations related with doctor collaborator occupations in a superior manner, you may visit an emergency clinic yourself and by and by meet with doctor colleagues. You may see how they manage their bustling timetable and work through their duties in dealing with different kinds of cases. | <urn:uuid:ebb8f48c-0c92-4821-adf2-08cc9c67d0b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.faracuvinte.com/health/a-brief-description-on-karl-simon-physician-assistant-jobs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.94147 | 587 | 2 | 2 |
Celebrity chef José Andrés: 'We are a food planet'
Chef and World Central Kitchen founder José Andrés has been delivering meals to food-insecure areas that have been hit particularly hard by Covid-19.
Mr Andrés says that there are about 40 million Americans who don't know where their next meal is coming from.
On 9 June, the National Bureau of Economic Research declared the downturn in the US a recession.
More than 20 million people lost their jobs in March and April.
Video by Bill McKenna, Lara Hartzenbusch and Aiden Johnson | <urn:uuid:3a9e6919-7a8f-4e58-86e6-6e35c82bc00b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-us-canada-53023704 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.955383 | 124 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Want to deepen your knowledge of a specialty area, grow your professional expertise, or get up to speed on the latest evidence-based practices? Johns Hopkins School of Education graduate certificate programs are a great place to start.
Prepares students to be eligible for certification as board-certified behavior analysts and for leadership roles in ABA practices and methods.
This advanced 30-credit, post-master’s program offers a concentration in counseling and clinical supervision for counselors who wish to enhance those skills. Students develop individualized programs with specialized concentrations.
This 15-credit program designed to prepare master’s degree-holding counselors and other human service professionals for specialized areas of practice through the provision of advanced preparation and supervised experience.
This 18-credit certificate program, available online, emphasizes effective teaching by health professionals, and can be taken as a stand-alone program or as the first component of the Master of Education in the Health Professions.
This 18-credit program is designed for teachers seeking knowledge and skills in curriculum, instruction, and assessment for academically talented students in their classrooms. Recognized by the Maryland State Department of Education as meeting requirements for Gifted and Talented Specialist certification.
This 18-credit, online certificate is designed for parents, educators, and other community members interested in gaining practical knowledge and interventions to support children and adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in pre-K through 12th grade educational settings.
This 18- to 21-credit program, available online or in-person, is approved by the Maryland State Department of Education (MSDE) for Administrator I certification in school administration and supervision, and is designed for school-district employed certified teachers and other certified personnel pursuing K-12 leadership positions.
This graduate certificate program serves the needs of directors, heads of schools, principals, and other professionals responsible for the management of non-public schools.
This 15-credit online certificate program prepares master teachers to become proficient at integrating technology into standards-based curriculum to improve student learning.
This 15-credit fully online program equips pre-K-20 teachers, administrators, and student support personnel to explore how research from the learning sciences has the potential to inform the field of education.
This 18-credit program, available online or in-person, assists early-career certified teachers and other education professionals in understanding, valuing, and contributing to schools and communities in urban and urbanizing settings in order to enhance learning outcomes for all students. | <urn:uuid:e9d18ed7-7328-4251-be37-68a5462c20f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://education.jhu.edu/academics/graduate-certificate-programs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.929841 | 521 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Scientists have made drug-like molecules inspired by a chemical found in a tropical flower, that could in the future help to treat deadly pancreatic cancer.
Cancer Research at Bath
Our mission is to improve cancer patient outcomes by fostering links between Bath’s scientists and clinicians.
New molecules which scientists hope could one day become drugs for both cancer and diabetes have been created at the University of Bath.
A simple colour changing test to help scientists investigate potential cancer drugs has been developed by University of Bath scientists.
We're exploring how compounds derived from natural products found in daffodils could be used in potential cancer treatments.
Please help our students and researchers to look further than ever before, by making a regular donation to support our work.
Thanks to donations we are able to offer limited funding for cancer-related research. Find about what funding is available and how to apply.
Awards up to £2,000 maximum are available for projects/activities related to cancer research and are open to PhD students and Postdoctoral Researchers. | <urn:uuid:628b1656-33f4-4cf6-8dfd-f70ddf6dca3a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bath.ac.uk/research-groups/cancer-research-at-bath/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.960831 | 212 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Play a whispering game with your child and experiment with what a different way this is to communicate! Agree that for five minutes you will whisper everything you say to each other.
Notice how you have to be closer together to hear what is said, and how you have to look at each other to notice if anyone is talking at all. Also notice how much louder other sounds in the environment suddenly seem to be. Can you whisper softer or louder? Can you make a shout/whisper?
For a fun extension when your child has friends over, play a simple version of the old favorite game, "Telephone." Sit in a circle and start the game by whispering a word into the ear of the child next to you. That child then whispers the word to the next child and so on until the word has gone all around the circle. Does the same word come out as the one that started? Or is it a really silly word? | <urn:uuid:0a17640a-30f8-4f66-8c00-80af138f1a32> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://peepandthebigwideworld.com/en/parents/activities/120/whisper-it/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.958486 | 191 | 2.734375 | 3 |
|국가/구분||United States(US) Patent 등록|
|미국특허분류(USC)||141/108 ; 141/391 ; 15/2571|
|발명자 / 주소|
|인용정보||피인용 횟수 : 16 인용 특허 : 0|
A waste collection device is designed to assist a person in the collection of yard wastes. The device is in the form of a rectangular generally box-shaped configuration. It includes side wall, a bottom wall, a back wall, a top wall and an open front. The top wall has a generally elliptically shaped opening extending from the front end near the open front toward the back wall but terminating short of the back wall. The opening allows a user of the device to push yard wastes into the box and backward into the box so as to compress the materials therein. A ...
A waste collection device for the collection of waste materials especially yard wastes comprising: a rectangular back wall; a pair of rectangular side walls having a front and a rear end; a rectangular bottom wall having a front and a rear end; and a rectangular top wall having a front wall and rear end, said top wall also having a generally elliptically shaped opening extending form the front end toward the rear end but terminating at an apex short of the rear end, the generally elliptically shaped opening originating at corners of the front end of the ... | <urn:uuid:e81bf417-ae00-4b7a-9506-39274a6bf7ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scienceon.kisti.re.kr/srch/selectPORSrchPatent.do?cn=USP1992025088531&dbt=USPA | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.888497 | 418 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Before I taught in an elementary science lab, I taught special education and second grade. I used anchor charts in both of these settings. Naturally, I would use this beneficial tool in my science/STEAM lab. Science concepts can be particularly difficult and complex, so having anchor charts is particularly useful.
What is an Anchor Chart?
An anchor chart is a chart or poster that supports student learning. Although you can buy premade charts, the ones with the most value are those created with your students. This type of chart is like an anchor. It holds the students’ learning in place.
What are the Benefits of Using Anchor Charts?
Anchor Charts Get Students Actively Engaged
Using anchor charts is one of my favorite strategies because creating a chart is interactive. It gets students actively participating in the lesson.
One of my favorite charts to start a new science topic with is a KLEWS chart. It is like a KWL (What I know, what I want to know about, what I learned), except it is specifically made for science. You can see that it is similar to a KWL, but students need to look for evidence, and there is a spot devoted to science vocabulary. This is a chart that you can download to use with your students. We do have a larger more colorful KLEWS chart that you can post in your classroom.
At the beginning of a unit, students brainstorm about what they know. Students write questions they have under the W or “what we wonder section.” This brainstorming can be done with the whole class, in a small group, or with a partner. If done in a small group or with a partner information can be shared with the class and put on a larger chart.
Students can also use this KLEWS worksheet as a simple note-taking form.
As students learn about a topic, a good way to wrap up each daily activity is to add to the L “what we learned,” E “what evidence do we have,” and S “science vocabulary” sections.
You don’t have to use a KLEWS chart for every topic. If you did, students might get bored with it. You can create charts or posters for almost any science topic. For example, if you are teaching about planets, students can share what they know. The class will most likely know the names of the planets. You can create a poster for each one by writing the planet’s name at the top. As students learn about a planet, someone can draw a picture of the planet and write about it underneath.
Once students have contributed to a chart, they have a vested interest in learning about the topic.
These Charts Make Student Learning and Thinking Visible
As a teacher, you can look over an anchor chart and see what the students have learned because their thinking is visible. You also see what students still need to learn. Because of this, you can provide the right experiences and materials to help guide your students.
Anchor Charts Improve Students’ Understanding of Concepts
Because anchor charts stay up during a unit (and sometimes beyond), the charts of referred to over and over again. This is especially true if students have difficulty understanding a topic or are visual learners. Think about how this will help your English Language Learners and your students who have short attention spans.
Anchor Charts Can Be Used for Review
Anchor charts of all types can be used as a review before a test.
Sometimes it is a good idea to review a certain concept before going on a new topic. For example, if your class is going to learn about the conservation of matter, reviewing posters on the states of matter is good.
You Have Classroom with Rich Decor!
Anchor charts make for colorful, print-rich classroom decor! This is perfect for a science lab or the science area in your room.
Ideas for Science Anchor Charts
Because I taught in a K-4 science/STEAM lab, I devoted each of my walls to a specific type of chart. The front wall was devoted to procedures and processes, such as rules for the lab, voice level expectations, and the steps in the scientific method. One wall was devoted to life science, another to earth science, and the last one to physical science. This made it easy for older students to refer back to charts that younger grades had created before going onto a related but more complex topic.
If you are teaching the same topic to multiple classes, you might want to use Post-It notes on the chart. You can remove the notes before using the chart with the next class. Using an erasable pen also works. Take a quick photo of it before you erase the ideas. Show each class the other classes’ ideas if it helps. For example, “That’s what the other class thought too.”
While you don’t want to make the whole anchor chart ahead of time, you do want to have an idea of what you want on the chart. Then you can guide the students to come up with the ideas whether it be through questioning, experimentation, research, etc.
That being said, we have many anchor charts in our Teachers Pay Teachers shop. Use our posters as inspiration/guidelines for making your own posters. Or, use them for review as you move onto a new topic. After all, you have already led them to find all or almost all the information on these science topics.
Find some inspiration here.
And remember, it’s all science! | <urn:uuid:75faef1a-5ef1-426c-9d49-0218d3dc064b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scienceandsteamteam.com/5-benefits-of-using-anchor-charts-in-the-science-classroom/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.940237 | 1,174 | 3.625 | 4 |
Cold sores can start with a tingling feeling close to the edge of your lip or at the corner of your mouth. Then you usually feel a burning sensation and then little red sores begin to appear. The sores will then begin crusting. It can be a nasty sight.
Cold sores don’t just occur on the outer part of your mouth. They can also occur on the inside in which case you will feel some pain and white splotches will begin to appear inside the mouth. While the name “cold” may suggest that they may be largely a harmless lesion, they usually are not. A budding cold sore may not warrant the doctor’s appointment. There are various home remedies and interventions that you can use to alleviate the pain and also make the sores appear a little “nicer” as they begin to heal.
What causes cold sores?
The cold sores are caused by a common virus that is known as herpes simplex labialis. You can be exposed to this virus as early as in your infancy and since it is incurable, it will remain in your system throughout your life. Normally, the virus will not even cause cold sores and other associated symptoms.
How does the virus spread?
It spreads mainly through close contact. You can contract the herpes simplex virus when you kiss someone that has the virus or touch the face of someone with the virus and then your own face afterwards without washing your hands.
The virus can also be contracted by sharing items such as lip balms, razors, mugs or a fork. If someone has an active cold sore, you are more likely to contract the herpes simplex virus from them although it is still possible to contract it from someone who has the virus lying dormant in their bodies. Outbreaks usually occur and then disappear as the virus goes dormant in your body.
What are some of the main triggers for outbreaks of cold sores?
These include the following:
• Exposure to too much sun
• Illness or a cold
• Trauma as a result of recent dental work
• Anything that compromises the immune system such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy.
• Food allergies
How to Manage and Cure Cold Sores
There are various interventions that you can undertake to manage and treat cold sores. These include the following:
• Apply ice: A cold compress will help numb the pain. However, avoid putting ice directly on the skin as it is likely to damage the skin surface.
• Use pain relievers: This is a management solution. Buy over-the-counter pain relievers to manage the pain.
• Use OTC creams: There are over-the-counter creams that can be used to alleviate the pain from the cold sores or to keep the skin soft during the healing process.
• Use aloe vera gel: Aloe vera gel is usually used for sunburns and may also help your skin to heal.
• Avoid cold sore triggers: Take note of the main triggers listed above and avoid them to be on the safe side. Limiting your exposure to the triggers may also reduce the severity of the cold sores.
• Avoid touching them: Avoid picking your cold sores as you may end up spreading them to other parts of your body. If you have cold sores, you should avoid touching your mouth and make sure you wash your hands more often. | <urn:uuid:3a229603-1ce8-408e-b0c4-01585aab19ba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cosmetic-dentist-melbourne.com.au/management-and-cures-of-cold-sores/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.949412 | 719 | 3.078125 | 3 |
The visa is a permit of entry and residence, transit or airport transit, issued by the Republic of Bulgaria.
Any foreign citizen who wishes to apply for a Bulgarian visa must have a regular overseas travel document that meets the following requirements:
- its validity expires at least three months after the intended date of departure from the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria or in the case of multiple visits - after the last intended date of departure from the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria;
- it contains at least two blank pages for affixing visas;
- it has been issued within the last 10 years.
Visas are issued by the diplomatic missions and consulates of the Republic of Bulgaria.
The list of countries for whose citizens, holders of ordinary passports, a visa is required/not required for a short stay (up to 3 months) in the Republic of Bulgaria, can be downloaded from HERE.
The list of countries for whose citizens, holders of diplomatic and service passports, a visa is required/not required to enter the Republic of Bulgaria, can be downloaded from HERE.
Types of visas
- Visa Type A (for an airport transit) – more information can be downloaded from HERE.
- Visa Type C (for a short stay for a transit passage or a planned stay) - more information can be downloaded from HERE.
- Visa Type D (for a long-term stay) - more information can be downloaded from HERE.
All foreign citizens who will long reside on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria /exceeding three months/ need a visa Type D, including those who enter under the visa-free regime. The visa is issued by the diplomatic and consular missions of the Republic of Bulgaria abroad.
After affixing the visa to the national ID document, a foreign citizen needs to submit to the Migration Directorate at the Ministry of Interior, within the term allowed for stay, an application for a residence permit by submitting the same supporting documents that were attached to the visa application.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Bulgaria
Consular Relations Directorate
Address: Sofia 1113, 2 Aleksandar Zhendov Str.
Phone: +359 2 948 2999 Operator
Working hours of the Consular Relations Directorate: 09.00 a.m. – 5:30 p.m.
- on visa issues: Tel. +359 2 948 3016
- on general non-visa consular information: Tel. +359 2 948 2005
- on legalization / verification of documents: Tel. +359 2 807 64 23; +359 2 807 64 26 | <urn:uuid:201c92d8-8264-404a-98bf-920e2830abcc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://psc.egov.bg/en/web/guest/bulgaria-visas | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.891484 | 574 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Burning a joss stick is a traditional part of worship in several Asian countries and is common among those who practice Taoism, Confucianism, Chinese folk religion, and Chinese Buddhism. The upper portion of the stick is coated in a paste made from joss wood dust, which comes from materials such as machilus wood or cinnamon tree. Joss sticks may be adorned with carvings such as deities, phoenix motifs, and dragons. Small joss sticks can be coreless or have bamboo stick cores covered with joss wood dust and water paste, while large ones are made by layering joss dust dough onto a wooden stick.
What Is the Difference Between a Joss Stick and an Incense Stick?
Incense sticks are sticks covered with perfumed plant materials, sometimes infused with essential oils, that are rolled onto or in the shape of a stick that gives off a fragrant smoke when burned. The fragrance can be used in several ways, such as to aid meditative practice, for relaxation, for ceremonial and religious rituals, to deter wicked demons and pacify gods with its pleasant fragrance, or even to mask unpleasant smells or repel bugs.
Joss sticks are a type of incense stick. The difference between a joss stick and any other incense stick is that, traditionally, a joss stick is burnt in front of a joss—a Chinese idol or religious statue.
Several reasons for this practice have been given. Some say that burning joss sticks is meant to purify the worship space and create a tranquil mood. Others take the burning of the joss stick as a form of offering.
History of Joss Sticks
Although the recorded use of incense especially for religious purposes can be traced to 3,300 BCE, the recorded history of joss sticks goes back to just the first century CE. This record by Chinese poet Yu Jianwu (487–551) refers to the use of calibrated incense sticks as timekeeping devices in Buddhist monasteries. The practice seems to have moved into Chinese society from here.
In India, the use of incense sticks flourished in the early 1900s when the Maharaja, King of Mysore, introduced the idea of rolling incense paste onto bamboo sticks and developed it into popular art. These thin sticks were easy to use at home and in small spaces.
Incense-stick burning has, for close to two centuries, been a daily practice in Chinese religion. Joss sticks come in different types and colors for different purposes.
Most are long and thin. The thick ones are used in particular ceremonies, such as funerals. Spiral sticks have long burn times and are mostly found in temples. In some places, such as Malaysia, Singapore, or Taiwan, you can find large, dragon incense sticks that are burned outside during the celebration of the Ghost Festival. Joss sticks come in red, yellow, and sometimes black.
What is Joss Stick Made of?
Joss sticks are made of a supporting core, joss wood dust paste, and an outer protective coating.
Joss sticks are a type of direct-burning incense. It is the paste that burns, which is the top part are made of joss stick. Joss dust is ground from sappy trees such as machilus wood that grows in Thailand, China, and Malaysia. Each joss stick has four layers of this paste, with the outermost layer smoothened to give a good finish.
For large joss sticks, the dust and water are made into a dough that a piece of wood is layered with. Each layer takes about two weeks to dry before the next is added. This means a large joss stick takes about two months to layer the joss dust paste before the cravings are added.
The carver will use a knife, a rolling pin, or a wooden model to make each design. It takes between half an hour and ten hours to finish, depending on how intricate it is. After the design is complete, a coat of clear polyurethane is applied for protection.
Small joss sticks can be coreless, meaning they are made of 100% joss dust paste rolled into the shape of a stick.
How to Make Incense Sticks with Essential Oils
To make incense sticks you will need:
Unscented incense sticks of about 30 cm. This you can get ready-made.
Essential oils in the scents of your choice. Each stick will take about 20 drops of pure essential oil, so plan accordingly.
Dipropylene glycol (DPG). DPG is used to reduce the black smoke burned by incense sticks. You will need 1 to 1.5ml of DPG per stick. (optional).
A long, shallow container or dish to soak the sticks in. Use one that is not used with human or animal food, especially if you are going to use DPG. You can also make one out of aluminium foil.
Steps for making incense sticks using essential oils
Lay an unscented incense stick on the flat container or dish.
Mix the essential oils that you want to use and the optional DPG.
Using a dropper, sprinkle the essential oil all over the unscented incense stick, covering the entire stick as much and as thoroughly as possible.
Store the now-scented incense stick in a glass jar and let it dry for at least twenty-four hours.
Once the incense stick or sticks are dry, they are ready for use.
Notes for making incense sticks with essential oils
It is best to try one stick at a time to establish which scents work best for your needs.
Some popular essential oils for your DIY incense sticks include rose, lavender, patchouli, sandalwood, and jasmine.
What is Joss Stick used for?
A joss stick is used in worship in Taoism, Confucianism, Chinese traditional religion, and Buddhism. Buddhists believe that burning a joss stick aids in divine communication. It also serves as an offering. Joss sticks are normally burnt as part of rites carried out during the fourth day after Chinese New Year; the seventh, the eighth, and the ninth moons in the lunar calendar; and during the birthdays of the heavenly deities.
When were Joss Sticks made?
Buddhist tradition holds that Buddha himself made the first stick. He then passed the know-how to his followers. In China, the earliest records of joss sticks go back to the first century CE. However, the use of incense for worship pre-dates this by several centuries. There is evidence of its incense use from other parts of the world, including in ancient Egypt, India, and parts of Asia as early as 3300 BCE, spreading to China around 2000 BCE.
How to use Joss Sticks
How Many Joss Sticks To Pray Ancestors?
According to Tibetan Buddhist tradition and rituals, you use one joss stick to pray to god and ancestors. This is the number that signifies preventing the violation of taboos, protecting against temptation, and giving you lucidity, intelligence, mental release, and endurance.
How to Light Joss Sticks
Joss sticks are used for veneration, and therefore, there is what is considered acceptable etiquette when it comes to lighting and stopping a burning stick. If you have a home altar or shrine and want to offer incense to Buddha, you start by lighting a candle. Hold your palms together and bow, then leave one of your hands in the palms together position and stretch the other to pick up and light the stick on one end using the candle.
Hold the stick in the candle flame until it ignites. Remove it from the flame, and if the stick is still flaming, give it a little shake to put off the flame, but leave a glowing ember. If there is no ember, it means the stick is not lit or burning properly, so hold it in the candle flame again. If successful, place the stick in the holder. Take care not to burn yourself or your surroundings while doing all this.
How Long Do Incense Sticks Burn
A standard incense stick will burn for between 20 and 40 minutes, depending on its length, thickness, and quality. Larger sticks will, of course, burn longer.
How To Put Out Incense Sticks
Water is the most effective way to put out an incense stick. Break off the stick slightly below the burning end and drop the piece with fire into the water. Don’t douse the whole stick as it might get too wet and not light up the next time.
How To Burn Incense Sticks Without Holder?
You can use a bucket or bowl filled with rice, sand, or salt. Push the stick’s bottom into the sand or other grain in the bowl so that it stands on its own. The ash from the burning incense stick will fall on the grain. You can also angle it if the bowl is large enough. Just make sure the tip is within the bowl.
How Many Incense Sticks To Burn A Day?
One incense stick per day is enough. The scent and effect are likely to last for about 24 hours. However, if you are burning incense sticks for worship, then you will need to burn as many as prescribed in the rituals. According to the Buddhist ritual, the incense sticks you burn will be in odd numbers.
How Many Incense Sticks To Burn For Good Luck?
You need to burn three incense sticks for good luck. These are supposed to help you move towards equilibrium, stability, and infinity.
How Many Incense Sticks To Burn For The Dead?
For the dead, some suggest you also burn three sticks. Three sticks represent the motion towards stability, equilibrium, and infinity. Others hold that seven incense sticks will serve you well, as they are supposed to bring peace to roving souls.
How Many Incense Sticks To Burn For God?
One incense stick to burn for god. One stick is the “incense of the heart.” It means preventing the violation of taboos, protecting against temptation, and giving you lucidity, intelligence, mental release, and endurance.
How Many Incense Sticks To Burn For Love?
Spiritual practices hold that burning three incense sticks will bring love to your heart. Whatever kind of love you need, be it for a woman and a man or in the family, burning three incenses will be helpful, according to Buddhism.
Incense Sticks meaning
Black Incense Sticks’ Meaning
Black incense sticks are used to banish evil energy and malice. They are meant to put an end to every bad situation. To do this, it is recommended to burn three incense sticks at the same time.
1 Incense Sticks Meaning
One incense stick emphasizes everything related to spirits and ghosts in a house. It represents the whole, unity, and fusion of the female and male principles. Buddhists light one incense stick when they want to release the “incense of the heart”, to prevent violation of taboos, protect against temptation, gain lucidity and intelligence, emancipation, and for endurance.
2 Incense Sticks Meaning
Burning two incense sticks is uncommon, if not unheard of. Most people, especially in Asian countries, burn incense sticks almost exclusively in odd numbers as they are considered lucky. The most favoured numbers to burn are 1, 3, 5, or 7 sticks. Even numbers such as 2, 4, and 6 are considered to bring bad luck, which no one wants to have.
3 Incense Sticks Meaning
The three incense sticks are all about worshipping Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha. You burn three incense sticks to lord Buddha when you are facing challenges and wish to get rid of them. Burning 3 incense sticks is the most common practice and is the number used for good luck.
Three sticks represent the motion towards stability, equilibrium, and infinity.
Studies have shown breathing incense smoke increases the risk of cancer. That being the case, it would serve you well if you avoided breathing incense as much as possible, and under no circumstance do it all day long if you must. There is a less harmful, less polluting alternative which is to offer dried petals instead of incense. The petals can be disposed of as compost once the offering bowl is full. In some temples, people are now encouraged to offer less grandiose joss sticks by being supplied with a limited number of sticks per person to reduce the level of population.
My name is Yelang, I love my country. I love Chinese history, Chinese cultureandChinese food, I want to share my story to friends all over the world. Truly, without any political bias, let you know my motherland. For this reason, I have traveled all over China's 20 + provinces and visited more than 100 + cities. At the same time, I read a lot of books and articles, and let you know through the website of sonofchina. At the same time, I hope to get to know friends all over the world and know different countries in the world through sonofchina.So, if you have any questions, please let me know. | <urn:uuid:7394ebbc-ff78-442a-ba91-c3b1155a5e8b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sonofchina.com/chinese-symbols/what-is-joss-stick-in-chinese/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936184 | 2,768 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Yeah, this might be a rather simple statement, mainly because the word Compilation really truly starts with the letter: 'c'. However, the idea also extends to the C language. Anytime a C program is built and sent off to its consumers there is a semi-complicated, definitely fiddly make/build process. This is what defines a compiled language like C or Golang from there interpreted brethren. An example of some interpreted languages would be the following: Ruby, Python, Forth. Is there an actual Forth "official" website? If for some reason you are human, and don't quite "grok" what Forth is, this is a pretty good explanation.
So why on earth is this worth another blog post? There exists an awash of blog posts, Quora answers and miles of Wikipedia edits concerning these topics. Glad you asked. All of this hoopla can be summed up in this one exciting NPM module called Harp. Harp, if you read their website, is an exciting static site blogging tool that will save you all the trouble of running one of those WordPress things. Which, if you read and listen to much of the Internet (no worries, it is chill you likely choose not to read), is like running a third world country.
Could this get any better you maybe asking? Well you could write all of your HTML in smaller, completely unmanageable chunks because only 50 out of every 328 web developers understands Jade enough to juggle where they are currently in that pipe field of hell.. But, no worries, Jade is way less fiddly because you don't have all of those brackets (shit, that's why I love HAML and SLIM because writing inline tags is a breeze and expected output is at an all time high). Except, when you want to include someone in the project who has no idea about Jade and tries to modify the compiled source because it just makes sense... to every web developer. Then we have trouble. Though now, how do you compile the compiled source? Yeah I don't know either. Presumably, and this is almost always a likely:
'Because I am not smart enough.'
Ok, so there are quite a few glaring issues with compiling things when the runtime is actually a perfectly good server. However, there must be some reasons for these kind of static site generators? Sure! Pet projects, quick one offs, LaunchRock style landing pages and personal blogs are perfect use cases. However, due to the technical knowledge required for bringing new team members up to speed, their reliance on committing compiled code to the VCS repository, and their somewhat beta 0.0.1-ness these should remain within the personal realm. Also, having to wait for someone to return from their lunch break just to get something compiled must be a boon for the entire teams velocity. | <urn:uuid:2a297745-a527-41f7-a251-2973610bbf6f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cloudbacon.com/posts/2014-10-07-compilation-is-for-hard/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.957598 | 819 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Recently, astrophysicist Neil DeGrasse Tyson wrote an essay in which he summarized the scientific method as this: “Do whatever it takes to avoid fooling yourself into thinking something is true that is not, or that something is not true that is.” He went on to say that objective truths exist outside of one’s perception of reality, and that they remain true whether or not one believes in them. He was exactly right. The problem, of course, is that Tyson does not appear to apply this view of truth to the existence of God. Tyson carefully avoids being categorized as an atheist, but as a practical matter that’s what he is. Like many in science nowadays, he fools himself into thinking that something is not true that is indeed true.
This is Brian Myers with your Caffeinated Thought of the Day.
Remember you can listen on air at 8:00a and 6:00p on Saturdays on The Truth Network 99.3 FM if you live in the Des Moines Metro area. You can also listen online live here. Also our podcast of the radio show can be found on iTunes and Stitcher. You can also subscribe to the podcast on your Android-based phone. | <urn:uuid:295e5d37-6ba8-4329-9f09-7cb2922e35b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://caffeinatedthoughts.com/2016/03/caffeinated-thought-of-the-day-tyson-and-scientific-method/?amp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.968357 | 248 | 1.992188 | 2 |
DIGITIZATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT PROCESSES
Numerous gains can be achieved by optimizing and automating processes at the waste disposal center, for example, in the area of dumpster rotation requests and service quality measurement.
Rotation of dumpsters on demand: gain in efficiency!
In many waste disposal facilities, requests for rotation are made by telephone. This method wastes the time of the applicant as well as the receiver, who must be reachable. The risk of error or dispute is also very high.
With the Smilio A terminals, this operation can be fully automated:
- The applicant presses the button corresponding to the full bucket.
- The receiver receives a text message, an email, or even an automated call, indicating the requested operation and its location.
- The request is archived and can be consulted at any time in the cloud, by both the provider and the requester.
- As an option, the applicant can validate the request when it has been made, or this validation can be done by the provider on the box (by magnetic key ring).
Measurement of user satisfaction
User feedback is a valuable tool for measuring service quality.
Rather than conducting occasional surveys that require staff to ask questions or distribute paper questionnaires, Skiply offers a simple and automated solution: place a wireless terminal at the entrance or exit of the waste management center.
A 2 question terminal (waiting / service) will allow you to measure in real time. It is also an effective tool to mobilize staff around user satisfaction.
Our expert pack includes the terminal and services for a period of 3 years (renewal at the end of the 3-year period: 9.90 EUR / month) | <urn:uuid:b192145d-4d6f-4d68-944f-fd5bbcf9ca44> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.skiply.eu/en/optimization-of-waste-management-processes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.925236 | 354 | 1.585938 | 2 |
By Ryan Witton
By the close of the COP26 climate conference late last year, 77 countries and organisations had signed the ‘Global Coal to Clean Power Transition Statement’. In it, signatories pledged to phase out coal power and move away from the carbon-intensive fuel while scaling up investments in renewables. 28 new members signed up to the Powering Past Coal Alliance, joining more than 150 countries, sub-nationals and businesses, accounting for over US$17 trillion in assets. With nearly three quarters of global greenhouse gas emissions stemming from energy production, the transition towards clean energy sources is a necessity for tackling climate change and keeping global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius. Africa is a continent which still relies heavily on fossil fuels and biomass for its energy needs, yet has terrific potential for renewable power. The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) perhaps puts it best:
“Endowed with substantial renewable energy resources, Africa can adopt innovative, sustainable technologies and play a leading role in global action to shape a sustainable energy future,” – IRENA, Scaling up Renewable Energy Deployment in Africa.
Africa’s Clean Energy Transition
Global economic and technological shifts are lending themselves towards cheaper and more accessible renewable power in Africa. The cost of solar PV energy decreased by 77 per cent between 2010 and 2018, and the price tags of other innovative technologies, like green hydrogen and lithium-ion energy storage, are also expected to continue falling. Independent power producers like AMEA Power are supporting this transition, with one example being the Sheikh Mohammed Bin Zayed solar PV power plant in Togo, which will provide 50 megawatts (MW) of clean energy to 600,000 households and 700 small to medium-sized enterprises in the region. Another example is the Kipeto Wind Power Project in southwest Kenya, which is the second largest wind power project in the country with a generation capacity of 100MW of clean electrical energy.
Financing remains the most significant challenge to large-scale renewable energy in Africa, according to the International Monetary Fund, so investment managers with knowledge and expertise to mobilise funds for large-scale projects on the continent are sorely needed. African Infrastructure Investment Managers (AIIM) develops and manages private equity funds which invest in long-term African infrastructure projects. Through its IDEAS Managed Fund, AIIM made a significant investment into Witkop Solar Park, a 30MW solar PV facility supplying electricity to over 6,000 households in the Limpopo region of South Africa. Witkop is connected to the national grid under the South African Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Programme, an initiative designed to facilitate private sector investment into grid-connected renewable energy.
Olusola Lawson, co-managing director at AIIM, highlighted the importance of developing strategies that are “cognisant of certain constraints, like financing, to maximise the near-1.5TW renewable energy generation potential across the continent.” He described return on investment in African renewable energy as being potentially very high as upfront costs fall and regulatory and financing barriers lift. Bboxx is another excellent example of an AIIM investment with a scalable model, which in just over a decade has grown from inception to now operating in 10 countries to provide over two million people with clean electricity and utilities.
Green Hydrogen’s potential
Hydrogen produced through electrolysis and powered by renewable energy is labelled as ‘green’. This potentially zero-emission energy source could supply up to 25 per cent of the world’s energy needs and become a US$10 trillion addressable market by 2050, predicts Goldman Sachs. Despite its credentials, green hydrogen currently accounts for less than five per cent of hydrogen produced globally, the rest is primarily ‘grey hydrogen’, which is produced through carbon and methane-intensive methods. The African Hydrogen Partnership (AHP) is a continent-wide association dedicated to the development of green hydrogen, hydrogen-based chemicals, and hydrogen-related business opportunities across Africa. In an interview with Gong for its Africa Net Zero series, AHP co-founder and secretary general Siggi Huegemann describes green hydrogen as a key factor for decarbonising nations worldwide as they become green energy importing nations. He sees African countries as having enormous potential for producing huge amounts of low-cost green hydrogen to meet this demand. “One cannot decarbonise Europe without African hydrogen,” Siggi says, expanding on the need for large-scale hydrogen projects spanning several countries to diversify energy sources for importing nations.
The ‘Net Zero by 2050’ scenario proposed in the International Energy Agency’s World Energy Outlook 2021 predicted a strong emergence of inter-regional hydrogen trade. COP26 saw the inception of the Africa (and Latin America) Green Hydrogen Alliance to kickstart the development of the low-carbon fuel for use in both domestic and international industries. In a space where cross-sector dialogue, engagement and participation are pivotal for global scalability and the adoption of this relatively nascent technology, collaborations like the African Green Hydrogen Alliance and AHP will be critical. | <urn:uuid:a11b09e2-e1e4-4af6-82f8-9fbc7b0608ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gongcommunications.co.ke/renewable-energy-in-africa-a-post-cop26-outlook/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.925004 | 1,047 | 2.78125 | 3 |
The Narrows of Fear (Wapawikoscikanik) by Carol Rose GoldenEagle , Cree and Dene with roots in Sandy Bay, northern Saskatchewan, navigates the unsettling, but necessary. When love of, and respect for, culture goes awry, it is our Indigenous women who bring us back to what is important. This novel is an interweaving of stories centred on a range of characters, both male and female, though the women, for the most part, are the healers. Abused in their own communities or in residential schools, these women are smart and loving and committed to helping one another. They eagerly learn to celebrate their culture, its stories, its dancing, its drums, and its Elders. Principal of these Elders is Nina, the advisor at the women's shelter. With the help of Sandy and Charlene, both of whom are educated and courageous, overcoming losses of their own, Nina uses Indigenous practices to heal the traumatized Mary Ann. This novel is sometimes brutally violent, sometimes healing, sometimes mythical, and always deeply respectful of the Indigenous culture at its heart. | <urn:uuid:2d57a9aa-99fa-4789-973a-7aa5d24b6c94> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://goodminds.com/products/9781771337892 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970161 | 229 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Coronavirus deaths in Russia hit a new record Tuesday and new confirmed cases remained high two days after a nine-day work stoppage ended in most of the country’s regions.
The state coronavirus task force reported 1,211 COVID-19 deaths, the highest daily death toll in the pandemic, and 39,160 new cases. The task force has reported around 40,000 cases and over 1,100 deaths every day since late October.
Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered many Russians last month to stay off work between Oct. 30 and Nov. 7. He authorized regional governments to extend the number of non-working days if necessary, but only five Russian regions have done so.
Other regions have restricted access to restaurants, theaters and other public places to people who either have been fully vaccinated, have recovered from COVID-19 within the last six months or tested negative in the previous 72 hours.
The daily tallies of new cases and COVID-19 deaths remained high throughout the non-working period. Officials in the Kremlin argued Monday that it was too early to tell whether the measure had the desired effect.
Russia’s fall surge in infections and deaths comes amid low vaccination rates, lax public attitudes toward taking precautions and the government’s reluctance to toughen restrictions.
Less than 40% of Russia’s nearly 146 million people have been fully vaccinated, even though Russia approved a domestically developed COVID-19 vaccine months before most countries.
In all, Russia’s coronavirus task force has reported over 249,000 deaths in the pandemic, making it the worst off in Europe and one of the top five hardest-hit nations in the world.
However, reports by Russia’s statistical service Rosstat that tally coronavirus-linked deaths retroactively reveal much higher mortality numbers: 462,000 people with COVID-19 died between April 2020 and September this year.
Russian officials have said the task force only includes deaths for which COVID-19 was the main cause and uses data from medical facilities. Rosstat uses wider criteria for counting virus-related deaths and takes its numbers from civil registry offices where registering a death is finalized.
—Daria Litvinova, The Associated Press | <urn:uuid:6cd4336c-22a5-49da-8b64-636bcab213a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.keremeosreview.com/news/virus-deaths-in-russia-hit-daily-record-despite-work-halt/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.947724 | 462 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Sandkuchen is the German version of a poundcake, not quite as rich as a traditional poundcake, it is full of bright lemon flavor and topped with a light lemon glaze.
This lemon loaf cake is the perfect summertime cake! It is light and moist without being dense like a traditional pound cake. Don’t skimp on the lemon glaze – it adds the perfect punch of lemon flavor to the loaf cake!
How do I know when my loaf cake is done?
To check and see if your sandkuchen is finished baking, insert a toothpick or wooden skewer into the center of the cake. When you pull the tester out, it should be clean -without any raw dough. The edges of the cake should also begin to pull away from the sides of the pan. Additionally, this lemon sandkuchen will become a deep golden brown color when it is fully baked.
How long does my Sandkuchen need to cool?
With loaf cakes, it is important to allow them to cool for at least 30-45 minutes. It should be cool or just slightly warm to the touch. If the loaf is turned out to early it may split in half or sink.
How is Sandkuchen different from Poundcake?
Poundcake originally got its name because it uses exactly one pound of flour, eggs, sugar, and butter. Sandkuchen on the other hand uses completely different proportions – the only real similarity between the two is that they are both baked in a loaf pan.
What if I don’t have a Double Boiler?
If you don’t have a double boiler, simply fill a medium sauce pot with about 1″ of water. Place a medium/large bowl over the pot, making sure the bowl is not touching the water. Then add the ingredients listed in the recipe to the bowl – this will give the same effect as using a double boiler.
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Tips for making Lemon Sandkuchen
- Follow the order of the instructions of the recipe. Once you have whipped the air into the eggs and sugar, you don’t want to leave it sitting around while you pull everything else together.
- When whipping the eggs and sugar over the double boiler, make sure that they double in size, become light and fluffy, and that you can no longer feel sugar granules.
- I always just spray my loaf with baking spray that includes flour. However, if you want to be extra safe, line your loaf tin with butter and flour or butter and a parchment paper sling for easy removal! If you only use baking spray, wait to spray the pan until right before adding the batter, if it is added too early, the spray will run down the sides of the pan and pool at the bottom.
- Don’t under bake this loaf, it should get a deep golden brown color – otherwise otherwise the center will sink while cooling.
- All Purpose Flour: Any all purpose flour will work for this lemon loaf! I have not yet tried any other flours with this recipe.
- Cornstarch: This recipe uses half cornstarch and half flour. However, I have found that Arrowroot starch can be used in place of the cornstarch.
- Eggs: I use standard large eggs from the store. For this recipe, the eggs do not need to be at room temperature.
- Sugar: This sandkuchen uses granulated sugar in the batter and powdered sugar in the lemon glaze.
- Lemons: Both the zest and juice are used in this recipe. Before zesting the lemons make sure to wash them with soap.
- Salt: Salt is there to balance out the sweetness of the loaf cake as well as accentuate the lemon flavor.
- Butter: Butter adds moisture and richness to this cake. This recipe calls for the butter to be melted and cooled before folding it into the batter. This means the butter does not need to be room temperature before starting.
How to make Sandkuchen
- Preheat the oven to 375 F – if your oven has the option, use the convection setting and preheat the oven to 350 F. Place an oven rack just below the middle of the oven.
- Line the pan according to the instructions in the Tips section above.
- In a medium bowl, sift together the flour and starches. In a separate microwave safe bowl, melt the butter on 10-15 second intervals until it is fully melted. Set aside to cool.
Whipping the Eggs
- In a double boiler add in the sugar, salt, lemon zest, and eggs. Place the pot over medium heat and continually whisk the mixture using a handheld electric whisk. Start on a low speed and increase the speed as the mixture begins to grow in volume. Continue whisking, making sure to scrape the bottom and sides of the bowl, until the mixture is light and frothy.
- When the egg mixture is fully whisked and all the sugar is dissolved, pour it into the bowl of a stand mixer. Using the whisk attachment, whip on high speed for about 5 minutes – this will help to cool down the mixture.
Mixing the Batter
- Dump the sifted dry ingredients into the bowl with the whipped eggs. Use a rubber spatula to gently fold the dry ingredients into the wet. Do not stir the mixture or go to quickly, otherwise you will deflate the eggs and your loaf won’t rise.
- Once the dry ingredients are fully mixed in, pour in the melted and cooled butter. Using the same folding technique, fold the butter into the rest of the batter. The butter will have a tendency to run to the bottom of the bowl, underneath the batter, so it can be helpful to tip the bowl while folding to make sure to get all of the butter mixed in.
Baking the Lemon Loaf
- Pour the batter into the prepared loaf pan and bake in the preheated oven for 35 minutes. If not baking on convection, be sure to rotate the pan after 20 minutes to ensure even browning and baking of the loaf.
- After 35 minutes have passed, check the loaf by inserting a toothpick or wooden skewer into the center of the loaf. The loaf is done baking when the tester comes out clean.
- Remove the loaf from the oven and place on a cooling rack to cool for 30-45 minutes until the pan is cool to the touch. Carefully lift/flip the loaf out of the tin and leave to cool on a wire rack until fully cooled.
Making the Lemon Glaze
- In a medium bowl, whisk together the powdered sugar and lemon juice until a thick, but still fluid, glaze is made.
- Pour the glaze over the lemon loaf. Optionally, top the loaf with lemon wedges for decoration.
- 125 grams ap flour
- 125 grams corn starch can substitute arrow root starch
- 230 grams granulated sugar
- 1/4 tsp salt
- 2 lemon zest
- 5 eggs
- 180 grams butter melted
- 250 grams powdered sugar
- 2 tbsp lemon juice more as needed
- Preheat the oven to 375 F – or 350 F if baking on convection (this is preferred if possible). Place one oven rack just below the middle point of the oven.
- Prepare/line the loaf pan as directed in the tips section above.
- Sift together the flour and starches in a medium bowl.
- Melt the butter and allow to cool while you whisk together the egg mixture.
Whipping the Eggs
- Place all wet ingredients except the butter into a double boiler and heat over medium heat while whisking. Using an electric hand mixer, start on low and slowly raise the speed until the egg mixture is light and airy – about 5 minutes.
- Then, remove the mixture from the heat and pour into the bowl of a stand mixer and whisk on high for 5 more minutes. The mixture should now hold the lines of the whisk but it won't be stiff.
Mixing the Batter
- Fold the dry ingredients into the egg mixture, being careful not to deflate the egg mixture by stirring too vigorously.
- Once there are no more dry bits visible, fold in the melted butter. I have found that it is helpful to tip the mixing bowl frequently to make sure all the butter is incorporated and hasn't all sunk to the bottom.
Baking the Loaf
- Once the butter is fully incorporated, pour the batter into the prepared loaf tin.
- Bake in the oven for 35 to 40 min or until a toothpick comes out clean. Rotate the pan after 20 minutes if not baking on the convection setting.
- If it looks like it is getting too dark, cover with foil to prevent further browning – however, this loaf should get a nice golden brown color on top.
- Once a toothpick comes out clean, remove the loaf from the oven and set on a cooling rack to cool – do not remove from the tin until it is cool.
- Once the loaf is completely cooled, make the glaze for the top of the loaf.
- Whisk the powdered sugar and lemon together in a medium bowl. Add more lemon juice or powdered sugar until you reach your desired consistency.
- Pour the glaze over the loaf. | <urn:uuid:66de1631-bd11-4ff9-9919-bcda4908d33f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://redcurrantbakery.com/lemon-sandkuchen/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.89877 | 2,057 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Wimbledon has officially started! The stats behind The Championships are immense, and it goes without saying that tennis is a very data-driven sport. So much so that IBM is using AI and its hybrid cloud to provide insights into it. We looked at these analyses and also checked data from other sources to take a deep-dive into the legendary tournament.
Focusing on the Open Era starting in 1968, we created a few data visualizations to celebrate the start of Wimbledon and get you inspired.
Wins at the Grand Slam tournaments contribute to positioning tennis players among the world’s best, but they are not the only factor. Tennis professionals use the Pepperstone ATP rankings to determine qualification and seeding for all singles and doubles tournaments, based on merit.
For instance, Russian tennis player Daniil Medvedev has only won a single Grand Slam title so far but is still ranked as world number one by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). In comparison, Rafael Nadal has blown the competition away 22 times at Grand Slam tournaments, but ranks fourth according to his 2022 ATP points.
The visualization above shows the correlation between games won during the 2021 Wimbledon tournament and the overall ATP points (please note that the ATP points are accurate prior to the start of last year’s competition – stats may have since changed). The results may not come as a surprise to tennis fans, especially since high performance in the Grand Slam brings the most ATP points. However, while Djokovic leads in both rankings, Berrettini and Medvedev are two more obvious exceptions to the overall trend.
Speaking of trends, historical data from Wimbledon shows that there is a general upward trend in the number of tie-breaks per tournament. The chart below shows how tie-breaks have increased on average since the late 80s, although their absolute number has declined in the past couple of years. It was recently announced that a 10-point tie-break would now be the official way to win the match instead of the previous extended sets.
The decision aims to “create greater consistency in the rules of the game” but whether this will result in more or less tie-breaks remains to be seen.
Although Wimbledon is considered to be one of the most prestigious sports events in the world, the championship only enacted equal prize pay for men and women in 2007. For comparison, other Grand Slam tournaments such as the US Open introduced equal pay in 1973 – just five years since the start of the Open Era.
The years following the Open Era saw significant progress in narrowing the gender pay gap, but men were still paid 26% more than women on average. The pay gap was finally closed in 2007, when respected names in tennis such as Billie Jean King and Venus Williams voiced their opposition to the inequality.
Now let’s focus on the winners of the Wimbledon tournament. Roger Federer and Martina Navratilova are grass royalty, holding the most titles for the singles events with 8 and 9 wins respectively.
If we take a look at where Wimbledon champions for the Singles events are from, we see that the United States and Australia are the top places on the list. The likes of John McEnroe, Serena and Venus Williams, Peter Sampras, Ashleigh Barty, Rod Laver or Billie Jean King, come from these two countries.
Switzerland, Spain, Germany and the UK are also lands of champions across both male and female events. However, the number of winners doesn’t always equal number of championships won. Roger Federer racks the most titles in the Men’s Singles and he is the only male winner from Switzerland. The same happens to Novak Djokovic, the defending champion and 6-time title holder, who is the sole winner from Serbia.
The map below plots bubbles on top of the winners’ country of origin. Click the buttons to size the bubbles by the number of winners per country or the number of championships. You can also toggle between Men and Women’s events.
This is an example of a non-linear navigation story that gives the user full control on how they go through a Flourish story. Check out our help center to learn how to make your own.
A forehand crosscourt, two-handed backhand, an overhead smash… It goes without saying that tennis players use their hands a lot. But is being left-handed an advantage in tennis? Depending on whether you ask a leftie or a rightie, the answer will vary greatly!
Taking into consideration that lefties make up about 10-12% of the world’s population, it is interesting to see that more than a quarter of Men’s and Women’s Singles finalists are using their left hand during a game. Besides, some right-handed players such as Maria Sharapova and Margaret Court are naturally left-handed but learned to use their right arm more during their training.
Last year, Wimbledon drew a cumulative audience of 15.5 million people on the BBC, but Björn Borg’s defeat against John McEnroe still stands as the most viewed game in the history of the tournament. See other Wimbledon viewership milestones below!
Although spending hours watching a game may be more comfortable in front of the TV, nothing compares to seeing your favorite tennis star playing in person. However, the popularity of the tournament and the limited capacity of an average tennis court make in-person attendance a costly experience.
Nonetheless, we will certainly be glued to the screen for the next two weeks, munching on strawberries and cream. 🍓 In the meantime, explore some of our previous blog posts or reach out at email@example.com to share your favorite Wimbledon coverage made with Flourish! | <urn:uuid:f5a510fb-f0a0-4045-b884-87a652f85cd0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://flourish.studio/blog/visualizing-wimbledon-2022/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.954257 | 1,195 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Channel partners and their customers have been investing in the public cloud for a number of well-documented reasons, but it's not the best option for everyone.
Some customers have applications that are too sensitive or expensive to move to the cloud. Instead of giving up on all the advantages the cloud can offer, companies have sought ways to bring the cloud on premises, and partners and cloud providers are working with them to make that happen.
An on-premises cloud, often referred to as a private cloud, isn't a new concept.
"But the technical resources and the business needs required to make a private cloud happen … have rapidly accelerated -- beyond where they were even one or two years ago," said Chris Weis, director of private and hybrid cloud solutions at World Wide Technology (WWT).
Channel partners should care about on-premises cloud opportunities because not every customer is going to move every workload to a public cloud such as AWS, Google or Microsoft Azure, said Paul Wilkinson, chief growth officer at 1901 Group, an MSP in Reston, Va., and a Leidos company. "So, there is going to remain a need for on-premises capabilities or private clouds to meet customers' needs."
Technologies, consumption models mature
The technology offerings, combined with service-delivery automation practices available in the private-cloud market, are at a point where enterprises can build and operate on-premises clouds for internal customers, clients and partners, Weis said. "Software-defined data center technologies, the maturation of platform and DevOps practices, and new hardware and software consumption models are all enabling this."
Chris WeisDirector of private and hybrid cloud solutions, World Wide Technology
With an on-premises data center, companies tend to overbuy infrastructure, whereas in the public cloud they pay only for what they use, said Kent Christensen, practice director for the Cloud and Data Center Transformation organization at Insight Enterprises, a solutions integrator in Chandler, Ariz. In the public cloud, "you don't have to deal with Capex," he noted.
That said, "public cloud is not always cheaper and sometimes is more expensive," Christensen said. This opens an opportunity for private clouds.
"On-premises cloud is growing hundreds of percent a year for us," Christensen said. "The number of clients is blowing up and they're trying to get their hands on it."
Security, networking and as-a-service are Insight's top three offerings, he added.
Colocation extends on-premises clouds
Wilkinson believes the big trend right now is to move workloads into the public cloud. On-premises or private clouds are usually geared to one tenant, with that cloud residing in a customer's data center or colocation facility, he said.
Colocation is often used to extend a customer's on-premises cloud when there is a need for underlying physical core infrastructure for bandwidth or disaster recovery services, Wilkinson said.
"We're seeing customers moving out of legacy data centers into a colo and then they're starting to use those [facilities] to support their on-prem cloud and connecting that into public cloud," he said.
WWT views colocation simply as a different location to build and operate a private cloud -- although who does the building and operating varies greatly by customer client and colocation provider, Weis said.
"We see good alignment between the colocation providers and the MSPs -- and sometimes they're the same entity," he said. "Some customers' clients may want to build and operate their private clouds housed in colocation facilities. Others may choose to only operate them but let the colocation provider manage the builds."
Many customers' clients are looking for a fully managed offering of build and operate so they can focus exclusively on consumption, Weis added. "This sounds a lot like public cloud, and, in many ways, it is -- which is why it resonates well within the industry."
"Ultimately for enterprises, it's a tradeoff between complexity, cost and flexibility," Weis said. "The MSP, plus colocation model, offers a wide range of individualization."
Other private cloud options
Also trending right now is for cloud services providers to extend their capabilities into a customer's on-premises environment. For example, AWS has a service called Outposts, which provides its infrastructure and services on-premises. Similarly, Microsoft offers Azure Stack.
"Essentially, they're providing you with what they'd provide [in the public cloud] but packing it up and moving it into your environment," Wilkinson said. "So it's a reverse move."
For customers that have legacy apps and don't want to use a public cloud environment, data-center-as-a-service gives them the ability to lease or rent what they consume in an on-premises model, Wilkinson said. "It allows you to provide an on-prem private cloud in a way that's paying for consumption without having to buy capital equipment," he said.
The downside is that the public cloud has been providing capacity, infrastructure, storage and compute on demand at scale, "so as-a-service data centers will struggle to keep up with that momentum," he said. "The use case for as-a-service data centers will probably shrink over time because they're competing" against the major cloud providers, and it's hard to achieve economies of scale.
But Wilkinson noted that there will always be companies that don't want to put data in the public cloud.
Partners can help customers restructure their on-premises data centers to more closely resemble cloud environments, creating services that map to their needs and growth strategy at a potentially lower cost, Christensen said.
Wilkinson agreed that partners must understand the customer's needs so they can provide the right offering. This requires knowledge of a customers' apps, security and environment, he said. | <urn:uuid:2d5b54bc-b252-4d84-b955-48bdafa884aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.techtarget.com/searchitchannel/feature/Partners-see-growth-in-maturing-on-premises-cloud-technology | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.96344 | 1,222 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Having recently completed the Productive Muslim masterclass I thought to myself: I have received many tools to improve my life – but how will I determine when to apply what I have learned?
The young engineer in me wanted to fix “everything”, apply all I learned to overhaul my mornings, evenings, and daily schedules.
Then, the older battle hardened 9-5er kicked in and said “whoaaaa there, shouldn’t we be a bit more cautious? I mean I don’t want to be over committing here”.
Both sides of my personal improvement equation were right. Urgency is important, but so too is doing so in a disciplined approach.
All too often do we take off to change the world only to return frustrated by lack of progress.
As such, I decided to apply some of my professional training in my personal life.
Ask Shiekh Google about continuous improvement and he will share with you several methodologies, the two most relevant to me are Lean and Six Sigma.
Both methodologies were born out of the manufacturing industry, and look to help organizations improve their processes to maximize the quantity or quality of their outputs while maintaining or reducing their inputs.
This methodology has been tried and tested over generations and across multiple industries (i.e. aviation, healthcare, and banking), so why not my personal life?
A tool that stood out to me right away was one by the name of “Leader Standard Work”.
Its purpose is to enable an individual to document what is important for them, track how often they achieve it, and why if they didn’t.
Sounds perfect right?
I took to task designing one that better aligned to what life I was looking to achieve: a productive Muslim one!
Below is a sample of what I created.
How to use this tool
The tool is designed to be a daily task organizer mixed with my ongoing priorities.
On the far left is a column for daily objectives. As mine was geared towards my family and spiritual life I focused on before and after work.
I had pre-typed those actions that I wish to occur consistently on a daily basis.
Below it I have left some room to hand write that which is important the day of.
On the far right is the same but for the week. The actions typed I would like to occur sometime during the week.
If it is something I would like to occur multiple times in the week but do not wish to tie to a specific day, I make multiple entries for. As such as any of my actions over the course of the day/week are completed, I check them off.
Now comes the most important part. In the centre of the sheet is a column titled “Flow interrupters” or as Brother Faris has coined “Shaitan interrupters”.
This column is meant to be used daily as a way to reflect what occurred during the course of the day/week that prohibited or did not allow me to check off a task I was supposed to do.
In my case, some of my Shaitan interrupters are Netflix (oh Daredevil why must you be so good?), ad-hoc Business meetings, and going to bed too late.
Now a novice would stop here and feel good with the knowledge of what is in their way.
But an expert like you would go further and answer the question: What must I do differently tomorrow/next week to reduce/eliminate the risk of this interrupter from happening again?
Or what action can I regularly do to proactively stop this issue from occurring?
In my above examples, some proactive solutions are: Setting a timer on my Wi-Fi to stop it at a certain time of the night. (Be sure to get agreement on what that time is from anyone sharing the connection!). Plus, pre-blocking repeatable times in my work calendar for spirituality/family priorities.
As you can see this tool is very versatile and can be reformatted to be used for your professional duties, or reformatted to be focused on your monthly tasks.
The longer the cadence the more strategic versus task oriented the tool becomes.
I pray this tool helps you too, happy planning! | <urn:uuid:5acf1688-cbf7-4faa-bfe7-5baf6fea583a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://productivemuslim.com/set-personal-work-standards/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970567 | 879 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Brochs are the most spectacular of a complex class of round house buildings, and there is now little doubt that these towers are unique to Scotland. They vary from 16 to 50 ft (5 to 15 m) in internal diameter, with around 10 ft (3 m) thick walls. The only surviving complete broch in Scotland, at Mousa in the Shetlands, stands 42 ft (13 m) tall.
Broch walls are almost always double skinned, but were tied together with linking stone slabs, which probably could have served as steps to higher floors (known as galleries). These slabs may also have been access ladders to the roof. Most brochs have ledges around the inner walls known as scarcements which would have supported timber floors. Some brochs may have had second and even third floors. | <urn:uuid:eb50993f-3d91-4738-98eb-7f06b9f08084> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.highlandbrochs.com/brochs.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.984691 | 169 | 3.53125 | 4 |
As a relatively new college president, there are many things that keep me awake at night: supporting the well-being of the 1900-plus students entrusted to me; ensuring we are fulfilling the mission our founding order established 100 years ago; wondering how we will raise the dollars to grow our endowment; and presenting a balanced budget in the face of flat net tuition revenue.
While each of these items is vitally important, the most frequent nightly worries I face involve the overwhelmingly negative narrative about higher education that is currently unfolding. I say this because while many of my worries are local, the public discourse about higher education is global and has potentially devastating consequences for the young people involved. There are two parts to the narrative, both disturbing and worthy of my night terrors.
The first part of the prevailing narrative states that a college education, especially a liberal arts education, is not a worthwhile investment. It posits that, in fact, young people can expect to have healthy, happy and economically rewarding lives without going to college. Health and happiness may not be directly related to college attendance (though some evidence suggests otherwise) but the evidence of the economic value of a college education is irrefutable. So why, then, is it being refuted?
In the midnight hour, one’s thoughts run wild and I often wonder if it’s not an attempt to maintain seemingly entrenched class differences. You see, the messages questioning the value of college, especially liberal arts colleges, are not being sent to the very wealthy. Rather, the suggestion is that those of us who grew up in working class or impoverished families (I count myself among this group) need not worry ourselves about the outcomes of a liberal arts education. We can eke out a perfectly fine existence if we are “job ready.”
Let’s ignore the data that college graduates earn twice their counterparts. Let’s ignore that many skilled labor jobs have been replaced by technology or continue to leave the United States. Instead, we should not seek access beyond our current circumstances. We should cede the liberal arts to those for whom it is intended (the wealthy) and the rest of us should focus on job readiness.
I find this narrative disheartening and incredibly troubling for several reasons. The liberal arts educate toward liberation, toward the ability to excel within any context, toward the ability to expand one’s own world and degrees of freedom. Collectively, these freedoms empower not only self but can also be used to uplift a community. If anyone merits a liberal arts education, it’s those to whom it has been so systematically denied; those who are told they don’t need it and should simply be made job ready. What about life ready? What about leadership ready?
In the face of this narrative, higher education leaders must ask ourselves a critical question: is higher education merely an extension of existing privilege or is it a place of opportunity for those who have systematically been denied access? For me, an African-American woman who came from very little means, it was the latter. Like some of our students today (from a variety of demographics), I had been told college was not “for me” and that I should set my sights on a different trajectory. Yet it was a liberal arts education — the very education our current discourse is pushing so many young people away from ― that saved me. It granted access to a world and network that expanded my own and equipped me with the interpersonal, communication, critical and creative thinking, and problem-solving skills needed to not only pursue whatever professional opportunities I’d like, but to be able to envision my current job.
Our current narrative is attempting to reduce higher education to job readiness and defaulting to existing class structures. The promotion of education as a tool for social mobility has given way to education as a tool to support the status quo. This should keep all of us awake.
How are people justifying the argument that higher education — especially a liberal arts education — is a waste? Well, that’s the second part of the current public narrative. The prevailing wisdom is that higher education is a bad financial investment. Exhibit A: Student debt is out of control.
Sadly, the student debt conversation is completely un-nuanced. First, very few students have six-figure loan debt. In fact, only 2 to 4 percent of college graduates face that level of debt. Yet to hear the public discourse, one would assume 10 times those numbers graduate that deeply in debt. There is little mention of the fact that, according to the Brookings Institute, the monthly student loan repayment obligation has been stagnant, or decreased, over the past 20 years. Also, interestingly, no one mentions that 25 percent of students graduate with no debt at all, a fact that has received scant attention. A more thoughtful conversation would explore default rates of college graduates versus those who do not persist to completion as well as indebtedness levels and default rates at for-profit institutions versus those at not-for-profit and public institutions.
Yet the most disturbing part of this narrative is that it misleads young people about what matters over the course of their lives. Here’s an example: the average student loan debt in the United States, for those who attend a private college, is $19,500. The average new car loan debt is $27,000. While a new car depreciates significantly the moment you drive it off the lot, a college education increases in value over time. Eventually, a car will be utterly worthless (trust me, I’ve driven that car) but an education can never be taken away from the graduate and never ceases to appreciate in value.
While I am loathe to present college as a commodity, I can no longer lay awake at night and know that young people are being systematically turned away from college due to this debt argument. Many young people who don’t know how to deconstruct these arguments are scared away without availing themselves of the opportunity of a college education. Are there costs associated with college? Yes. Do we in higher education need to be attentive to cost structure and more aggressively correct our economic model by identifying efficiencies? Yes. Must we work diligently to ensure our students persist to graduation to make the debt worthwhile? A resounding yes! Collectively, many of us in higher education address these issues each and every day.
If higher education is really only about equipping you for your first job out of college, then the debt argument may make more sense. But I cannot imagine that any college strives toward ensuring only short-term learning and immediate opportunities as its mission, no matter what pending federal metrics may suggest. College is a lifelong investment with lifelong dividends.
I am, admittedly, a new college president. However, I ask my higher education leadership colleagues: how long are we going to stand by and allow these arguments to unfold, not only doing harm to our institutions, but harming the young people we are committed to serving? We must take back the narrative about who we are and what we have to offer. The competition is no longer just among institutions competing for students. We must now turn our gaze externally and demand that the media, the government and the public in general stop making these false arguments. At least then I will be able to get a little sleep at night.
Mary Dana Hinton is president of the College of Saint Benedict in St. Joseph, Minnesota. | <urn:uuid:c4c88fdd-3497-423f-b3b8-1aa019bf6231> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.diverseeducation.com/leadership-policy/article/15097653/the-negative-narrative-that-keeps-a-college-president-up-all-night | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.961509 | 1,519 | 1.875 | 2 |
It seems as though whenever you leave the relative safety of the clean bathroom in your own home, there is always a risk of encountering a much less sanitary facility elsewhere. Public restrooms are provided as a convenience for shoppers at malls and in food courts, and for diners at restaurants, and at a great many other public venues as both a courtesy and an intentional strategy to keep you on the premises. If you leave the store because it has no bathroom, that store has probably just lost your business.
Then too, portable toilet trailers are usually made available by event organizers for much the same reason – first as a courtesy to patrons, and secondly to ensure that you don’t have to leave the event unsatisfied. Here again, you may not find the same level that you enjoy in your home.
Neither of these scenarios should be a surprise, since the sheer volume of traffic at a public restroom will always be far greater than at home, so there are many more opportunities for unsanitary conditions to develop. Coupled with that is the fact that human nature being what it is, people are simply less likely to be motivated to keep a public restroom clean because they don’t own it and will not have to clean it themselves at the end of the day.
So it’s fairly obvious that no public bathroom facility will be as clean or hygienic as the one in your house – but which of the two types of away-from-home bathrooms are cleaner, public restrooms or portable toilet trailers? Everyone is sure to have an opinion on this, because most people have had plenty of opportunity to experience both, and have been either pleasantly surprised, shocked and horrified, or somewhere in between.
Digging Up the Dirt on Public Restroom Cleanliness
Here’s something you might find surprising – the toilet in a public restroom is probably the cleanest object in the room. It’s the one thing that always gets attention from maintenance personnel during cleaning, and studies have conclusively determined in the past that you cannot contract illnesses from toilet seats.
The real germ-fest in a public restroom is taking place right on the floor itself. If you place an object on the floor, then pick it up and later touch your face with the same hand, you have quite likely transmitted something nasty to one of your body’s entry points. Typical public restrooms have been shown to harbor such potent germ and bacteria strains as step, E-Coli, staph, rotavirus, coliform, and even the powerful methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) virus, which can cause some very serious infections in humans.
Toilet Trailers Cleanliness
There is of course the potential for toilet trailers to be in a much worse state than even a public restroom, due to the fact that the events at which they are used have the potential for much rougher behavior. For instance, portable toilet trailers at a county fair or rock concert are likely to be used more harshly than is the restroom in a suburban mall.
However, there are other factors which operate very positively in favor of the portable toilet trailer. A restroom trailer rental for a specific event usually includes the option of having an attendant on hand whose sole responsibility is to maintain cleanliness and hygiene throughout the duration of that event. Not only does this ensure that messes never get out of hand, but with periodic antiseptic mopping, bacteria and germs are also kept at bay and accommodate up to 800 flushes!
Which is Cleaner?
Public restrooms are maintained at different levels – some are addressed once each day, others perhaps two or three times daily. In samplings conducted on the subject, the cleanest public facilities were found to be in hospitals, while the worst were discovered in airports and airplanes.
Typically portable toilet trailers are manned continuously at an outdoor event in anticipation of possible rough usage, and it is because of this greater attention to hygiene that portable trailers are more likely to be cleaner and more germ-free than their counterparts in public buildings everywhere.
So just what makes these portable toilet trailers so clean? For starters, the sanitation supplier you choose for your event has a lot to do with its quality and cleanliness. When good hygiene, cleanliness, and overall quality are a priority for your event, turn to the experts in portable toilet rentals and sanitation supplies by contacting the team at Mr. John. With their commitment to cleanliness and quality, Mr. John goes above and beyond when it comes to delivering your temporary sanitation solutions. Don’t settle for anything less than sparkling clean for your event, contact the portable toilet rental experts at Mr. John when it comes to planning your next event. | <urn:uuid:451fd0fa-30b1-473b-b31b-46e9e1c0bce7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mrjohnpit.com/portable-toilet-trailers-cleaner-public-restrooms/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965611 | 964 | 2.015625 | 2 |
The essential symptoms of fibrositis--widespread aching and pain, disturbed sleep, morning stiffness, and fatigue--are common in both rheumatic and nonrheumatic patients. But the essential sign of fibrositis--widespread local tenderness over specific anatomic sites ("tender points")--is rare in any patients except those with fibrositis. Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of fibrositis rely heavily on a high tender point count in the presence of characteristic fibrositic symptoms. Multiple tender points are uncommon in normal subjects and in those with rheumatic and nonrheumatic disorders. The tender point count thus also serves to distinguish fibrositis from other musculoskeletal diseases. | <urn:uuid:9efde340-fddf-4110-af80-ae37072f276d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3532785/?dopt=Abstract | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.849332 | 145 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Closed petition Make it a legal requirement for cyclists to use cycle paths where available
Make it a legal requirement for cyclists to use cycle paths where they exist.
The increasing popularity of cycling is impacting road safety and the capacity of the road network.
Often this occurs in spite of purpose built cycle paths being available providing a safe environment for those cycling and clearing potential congestion from the roads
This petition is closed All petitions run for 6 months | <urn:uuid:241632e9-7bfb-463c-b1d0-7017ddf79ff7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://petition.parliament.uk/petitions/593714 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.916384 | 98 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Acts 27:14-26 — Caught in a Storm
14 But not long after, a tempestuous head wind arose, called Euroclydon.
15 So when the ship was caught, and could not head into the wind, we let her drive.
16 And running under the shelter of an island called Clauda, we secured the skiff with difficulty.
17 When they had taken it on board, they used cables to undergird the ship; and fearing lest they should run aground on the Syrtis Sands , they struck sail and so were driven.
18 And because we were exceedingly tempest-tossed, the next day they lightened the ship.
19 On the third day we threw the ship’s tackle overboard with our own hands.
20 Now when neither sun nor stars appeared for many days, and no small tempest beat on us , all hope that we would be saved was finally given up.
21 But after long abstinence from food, then Paul stood in the midst of them and said, “Men, you should have listened to me, and not have sailed from Crete and incurred this disaster and loss.
22 And now I urge you to take heart, for there will be no loss of life among you, but only of the ship.
23 For there stood by me this night an angel of the God to whom I belong and whom I serve,
24 saying, ‘Do not be afraid, Paul; you must be brought before Caesar; and indeed God has granted you all those who sail with you.’
25 Therefore take heart, men, for I believe God that it will be just as it was told me.
26 However, we must run aground on a certain island.”
not long after (v.14) — after rounding Cape Matala
arose (v.14) = lit. “came down it” — winds off the 7,000-foot mountains on Crete
Euroclyldon (v.14) = lit. “wind causing broad waves” — the Northeaster or Levanter
Cauda (v.16) — A small island 23 miles south of Phoenix — today called Gozzo
secure the boat (v.16) — hauled in the ship’s boat which had been towing behind the ship — it was surely filling with water
undergirding (v.17) — The process called “frapping” by sailors, stout ropes being passed under the vessel transversely to prevent the timbers from starting apart.
Syrtis Sands (v.17) — There were two formidable quicksands of this name, the dread of sailors, Syrtis Major (referred to here) and Syrtis Minor, on the north coast of Africa, the one off the shores of Tripoli, and the other off Tunis more to the west. The east-northeast wind would drive them straight on to it, in the direction which they had been following from Crete to Cauda.
struck sail (v.17) — They now lowered the great main-sail, which they had not been able to reef and set before because of the rough weather. With that still set, the wind would drive them rapidly on to the quicksands. It may also include the lowering of the heavy yard-arm and other gear from aloft, except a small storm-sail necessary to enable them to keep the ship’s head to the wind and to alter her tack. Under such circumstances, sailors would bring the head of the vessel as near to the wind as possible and adjust a small sail to steady her. She would then be driven leeward, and, with a strong east-northeast wind blowing, would drift west by north, the average rate of drift being about a mile and a half per hour. — Walker, pages 553-554.
lightened the ship (v.18) = lit. “began to do a throwing out” — a technical term for tossing cargo overboard
tackle (v.19) — spare fittings, furniture, everything that wasn’t essential
neither sun nor stars (v.20) — they could not navigate and had no idea where they were
This entry was posted in Acts
. Bookmark the permalink | <urn:uuid:615366ba-c695-4c47-8514-2296fa188ec8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://versebyverse.carpelibra.org/?p=2011 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.967172 | 916 | 1.601563 | 2 |
“The Civil Rights Act… was not a product of charity of white America for a supine black America, nor was it the result of [their] enlightened leadership. This legislation was written in the streets.”
In March 1965, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., made this comment about the groundbreaking Civil Rights Act of 1964, often described as the crowning achievement of the Civil Rights Movement. We must remember that Black activists organized an interracial “coalition of conscience” to create laws for a more equitable society. On Friday, January 17th the University Club of Phoenix hosted presenters who spoke on Black activism and how it connects us all as we approach Black History Month.
Firstly, the event was preceded with a dedication to the life and legacy of community activist, Tameka Spence, who tragically lost her life in a crash in downtown Phoenix on December 22nd, 2019. The ASU graduate worked for the Arizona Coalition for Change as a black census organizer and was beloved in the community. Rest in power, Tameka.
The first presenter, Rashaad Thomas, father, USAF veteran, poet and essayist, provided rousing poetic musings that honored the legacy of Martin Luther King Jr. His reflections and personal experience helped inspire those in attendance leaving a legacy and with his rhythmic cadence inspired reflection on their past, present and future.
Next, Channel Powe, Balsz School Board President, shared stirring stories of local activism by highlighting the Black impact of civic change throughout Arizona’s history. Additionally, Powe encouraged a persuasive call to action to become a part of progressive leadership by joining local school boards, serving on city council panels and participating in the various Black community events around the Valley.
The final presenter, J.T. Roane, Assistant Professor in African and African American Studies at Arizona State, delivered an educational keynote address on environmental activism and urban renewal in the Black community. The focus of rehousing poor and Black displaced people was work continued long after King’s assassination. Organizations such as Mothers for Housing, a collective of homeless and marginally housed mothers and MOVE, the esoteric black liberation group that combined revolutionary ideology and work for animal rights, were cited as movements that were designed to take Dr. King’s vision forward. Roane also lead a Q&A after his presentation that received many engaging questions from the group.
“This event was truly eye opening,” shared Robert V., a A.T. Still University student. “I feel like I learned a lot about the Black contribution to Arizona history and activist groups such as MOVE, which I’d never heard of. The speakers make me feel like I want to get more involved in the community.”
This powerful event was well received by the nearly thirty culturally diverse attendees and allowed them to take home pieces of history and perspective to reflect on and share long past Black History Month.
“I thought the presentations were both educational and thought provoking,” stated Jaime B., an IT specialist in Phoenix. “The call to action makes me want to be more personally responsible about my attendance within my community. I want to be an advocate, not just for us, but for everyone.”
Today, this legacy of Black civic engagement is strong in Phoenix. The demand for more events reminiscent of this is one will help foster more introspective gatherings to help shape the future and improve conditions in our Phoenix communities.
Phoenix Black Historical Sites:
415 E. Grant St.,
Phoenix, AZ 85004
George Washington Carver High School (formerly known as Phoenix Union Colored High School), was a segregated high school in Phoenix, Arizona. The school’s building was the only one ever built exclusively to serve African American high school students in Arizona and is now part of the Phoenix Historic Property Register.
1549 E Jefferson St,
Phoenix, AZ 85034
Eastlake Park has been the focal point of African American history in Phoenix for much of its existence. The park was the home of the annual Martin Luther King Jr. Birthday Celebration, and has been home to many civil rights rallies, visits from civil right leaders and the starting point of all civil rights marches to the Capital. It is home to the Annual Juneteenth Celebration and the Phoenix Arts Commission Civil Rights Memorial.
1333 East Washington Street
Phoenix, AZ 85034
This non-profit Thespian group has been providing soulful entertaining theatre reflecting the African-American experience for over 30 years; Performances take place in the Helen K. Mason Center for the Performing Arts, and have included plays by August Wilson, Pearl Cleage, and Cheryl West encompassing productions like The Old Fiddler, Mahalia and Black Nativity.
617A North Scottsdale Road
Scottsdale, Arizona 85257
See exhibits that emphasize the contributions of African American and African cultures to the progress of humanity.
In March 1965, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., made this comment about the groundbreaking Civil Rights Act of 1964, often described as the crowning achievement of the Civil Rights Movement. We must remember that Black activists organized an interracial “coalition of conscience” to create laws for a more equitable society.
Today, this legacy of Black civic engagement is strong in Phoenix. Channel Powe, Balsz School Board President, will share stories of local activism. J.t. Roane, Assistant Professor in African and African American Studies at Arizona State, will deliver a keynote address on environmental activism in the Black community. Rashaad Thomas, father, USAF veteran, poet, and essayist, will provide poetic musings for to help us reflect on our past, present, and future.
Join us this Friday, January 17, 2020 from 5:30 pm- 7:30 pm at the University Club of Phoenix, 39 E Monte Vista Rd, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, for this thought provoking, free event. Everyone is welcome! Complimentary appetizers and a cash bar is available. Please R.S.V.P. at 602-254-5408 or email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:8f46bc06-3323-46f9-bf9c-4c697baf856c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://professorpratcher.com/2020/01/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950119 | 1,264 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Ethiopia’s new dam on Nile, so far called “Grand Millennium Nile Dam Project’”, is renamed “Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Project” by the decision of the Council of Ministers. The Council approved the new name on Friday when it issued a regulation for the establishment of ‘a National Council in charge of coordinating public participation for construction’ of the new dam, according to the news from Ethiopian News Agency.
The new Council is will be entrusted with coordinating Ethiopians at home and abroad. It is also mandated to promote the “Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Project”, in neighboring countries particularly Egypt and Sudan.
It appears the Council will be a large consultative forum in the style of the ‘Ethiopian Millennium Festivity Council’. As it is to consist personalities to be drawn from ‘federal and regional government institutions as well as different public organizations, among others,’ while an Executive Committee and a Secretariat will be responsible for its operational activities.
The Council will be directly responsible to the Prime Minister who will assign its Presidency and executive members.
In a related development, the Ministry of Water and Energy (MWE) launched on Friday ‘a Multi-stakeholders Forum’ on Benefits and Costs of Cooperation’.
The forum was addressed by State Minister of MWE, Kebede Gerba, who said ‘the key objectives of the forum are update stockholders on the current programs of NBD, Nile River Basin cooperation process, the International strengthening Program (ISP) and developments in Easter Nile Subsidiary Action Program (ENSAP).’
The news doesn’t indicate the specific composition of the participants, nor the length of the forum. However, it states that ‘dialogue on the actual and potential positive impact of the Sub-Regional Power Interconnection and Watershed Management Projects on local communities’ is among the objectives of the forum. | <urn:uuid:a5b020ac-b848-4d9f-936c-898e41446e27> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hornaffairs.com/2011/04/17/ethiopia-millennium-dam-gets-a-council-and-new-name/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.924633 | 403 | 1.8125 | 2 |
I utilise the format of the workshop as a method to gain knowledge, both collective and individual. I believe that an activation of the body within a creative / arts process will expand this process and add dimensions of learning through the body's physical movement. In the workshops I emphasise the individual participants work and development within a group process. The participants should be able to focus on themes and subject matters that they wish to explore. This process is placed within a larger group experience of common exercises and experiments. The aim is to create a safe working environment where the participants can explore new territories both as a group and individually.
Jan - Apr. 2018. Bildkonsten Jämtland
The creative process often engages with the unknown, that which we don't know anything about. Listening as strategy is a series of conversations on the creative process. We will meet to explore thinking, seeing and the way we speak. In the conversations we will adress the relationships between the senses.
'To listen is to have a relationship to the not-knowing, and that is exactly why we need to listen', Jonna Bornemark, philosopher.
Studieförbundet Vuxenskolan Upplands Väsby
Studieförbundet Vuxenskolan Östersund
Courses in watercolour painting focussing on individual creative development whilst going through painting techniques and materials.
22-23 Oct. 2017
A two day drawing workshop on seeing and listening as means to develop artistic practice. Drawing excercises include searching outlines, inbetween spaces, shadows and mark making in order to observe and intensely scrutinise the inside and the outside.
workshop at the Royal Institute of Art Research Week What is a Mask? in Stockholm.
24 January 2017
The Wanting Difference workshop intervention builds upon a course session with Catherine Malabou on her book Changing Difference. The Feminine and the Question of Philosophy. In Wanting Difference we are reaching for practical approaches to difference through workshops and the ideas of acting change. Following Malabou's position of talking from her specific position as a French woman philosopher we approach the subject from our positions as artists, each departing from their specific fields of interest. Organised with Anita Wernström.
research sessions in Vallentuna and Östra Lagnö in Sweden
22 May and 6 June 2016
Using the body as the research tool we explore movement sequenced in chapters and create an inventory of the relationship to the objects in our surroundings, from pine needles to the vastness of the sky.
With Siri Osterman and Jimmy Offesson.
ABF Stockholm, Kottla Vårljus refugee center for unaccompanied minors, Stockholm Sweden
13-17 June 2016
Hällsboskolan, specialist school focussing on language disorders, Stockholm Sweden
1st and 3rd June 2016
The workshops are focussed on drawing with movement and drawing derived from movement. The marks made in drawing and the moulding of the clay become dictated by the body's movement. The workshops are explorations into creative expression as a process and of how the material is made to follow the body and its movements.
In the workshops that were devised for children diagnosed with language disorders we were looking at questions of how it is possible to move the body with and without music, and how the internal (bodily) feelings evoked by the movement can be expressed in drawing.
IntraGalactic arts collective, Stockholm, Sweden
December 2015 - March 2016
Through the Body. Text and Clay. is a four session reading group. For each session the participants get a piece of clay to hold and/or knead while they listen to a reading of a fictional text. The length of the reading vary between 10 and 40 minutes and is followed by a discussion. The motivation for this reading group is to explore how text moves through the body and whether listening is enforced or hindered by the the presence of the clay.
The clay also creates a personal relationship to the land as it has been dug from the ground in Rinkeby, Stockholm, and prepared to be used in the reading group.
Tensta konsthall, Stockholm, Sweden
5-6 September 2015
A drawing workshop for six participants aged 8 years and upwards (including adults). During 45 minutes we draw on a large wall and the movement of the body guide the drawing. Each participant work on their own drawing but as we are all working on the same wall the result in a large commonly created art piece.
Peckham Truth Booth, Copeland Park Industrial Estate, London, UK
23 August 2015
Walking-Breathing is a workshop devised to explore breath as an instigator to movement. Using the act of breathing as a point of departure we explore modes of walking through tempo, step length and distances between participants. We create a collective choreography where each participant focus on their internal experience of the movement created by the group.
© Copeland Gallery
Färgfabriken, Stockholm, Sweden
6-7 June 2015
Hosting a two day workshop in animation techniques. The workshop included making flip books, thaumatropes and smartphone stop frame animation and was part of the educational programme during the art film weekend Turtle Salon in the Project Rooms.
Färgfabriken blog entry on the weekend and the workshop.
A few of the stop frame animations created by workshop participants.
Gaaltije kulturcenter, Östersund, Sweden
16-17 May 2015
Leading a two day workshop in visual art departing in visual recollections and physical memories. Through excercises that activates the body in relation to the process of image making the participants can be invited to use all of their senses when painting and drawing. Co-organised with Jeanette Wahl for Galleri Utopi.
Cigarrvägen 13, Hökarängen, Sweden
21 March 2015
Organising a one day lab for visual artsts working in performance. The participants showed ongoing work and each presentation was followed by a moderated discussion. Co-organised with Maria Högbacke for IntraGalactic arts collective.
Studio Mossutställningar, Stockholm, Sweden
4 oktober 2014
Leading a one day workshop within the exhibition Tiden märks av färg / Time marked by colour where the group of participants explored their physical presence in the gallery space through body, objects and paint. The starting point for the workshop is a wish to explore creative processes starting in the body and its movements, and to explore how a movement based investigaition can further an artistic process.
The Artist Colony at Finca el Juncal, Spain
A walking session at the top of the Las Palomas mountains in Spain. The session was inspired by the painter Helmer Osslund who went on walks that lasted several months to paint the landscape of Northern Sweden. In the session that lasted a few hours we utilised the very strong sunlight and the sensory impressions of being surrounded by vast views to make internal body paintings.
Jamtli Museum, Östersund, Sweden
24-25 november 2012
Balett Mekanique was a performance commissioned as a closing event of the Jamtli Museum workshop Lördagsakademien. I decided to invite the workshop participants to become part of the performance piece and during two days we worked on creating our own objects in paper combined with group exercises in space, spatiality and voice. One participant chose to show his work on a plint rather than physically participate in the piece.
Lowry Theatre, Salford, UK
March - April 2012
Working remotely with a group of middle school pupils with learning difficulties on costumes for a dance performance they were preparing for showing at the Lowry Theatre in Salford, UK. Using my art practice as a point of departure for inspiration I recorded a video lesson on ideas for costume making. After the initial video lesson the pupils worked on their ideas and we had three skype sessions discussing the costume designs and development towards the finished costumes. With Oakwood High School, Salford, UK.
SEQUENCES ARTS FESTIVAL, Reykjavik, Iceland
2-6 november 2009
Comodín Silverhammar Curates was a workshop with students from the Iceland Academy of the Arts. They were invited to become part of a performance piece devised by Anita Wernström and myself. Our curator personas Julia Comodín and Annika Silverhammar curated an evening of performance art in which the students participated with their own performance pieces. The idea was to create a situation where the students were allowed to test their ideas within a gallery context and in front of a live audience.
Tänd Mörkret!, Jamtli Museum, Östersund, Sweden
3-14 november 2008
Bränn inga Broar is the result of a two week workshop at Östersunds konstskola. The students worked independently within a group process lead by exercises in outer and inner space, through body, voice and movement. The students chose the pictorial world of the Hieronymus Bosch painting ‘Garden of Earthly Delight’ for visual inspiration. Bränn inga Broar was performed during the opening of the exhibition ‘Tänd Mörkret!’ at Jamtli Museum, Östersund. | <urn:uuid:4304742b-bf5e-4b76-af0e-1642623f7519> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://malinstahl.se/workshops/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936688 | 1,979 | 1.851563 | 2 |
More than 1,000 grasses planted for endangered finch
Date published: 29 April 2021
A local habitat home to the black-throated finch is growing thanks to the planting of more than 1,000 native grasses in the Oak Valley Nature Reserve.
Townsville City Council is planting the native grasses – including Cockatoo Grass, Golden Beard Grass, and Clustered Love Grass – to increase the amount of suitable grass seeds available to the endangered finch.
Community Health, Safety and Environmental Sustainability Committee Deputy chairperson Margie Ryder said the project involves revegetating potential black-throated finch habitat in Oak Valley.
“Townsville is very lucky to be one of the remaining areas where the southern sub-species of the black-throated finch can still be found. Council officers have been working on a project to increase the availability of foraging grasses in the reserve for the endangered species,” Cr Ryder said.
“Over the past 12 months, several projects have been completed in the Oak Valley Nature Reserve to assist the protection of the black-throated finch habitat.
“These projects include the revegetation of over 1,000 native grasses, planting of trees to assist in erosion control along Sachs Creek, clearing of invasive weeds and the installation of a water trough to provide a year-round water source for the finches.
“These native grasses are a food source for the black-throated finch and will increase their access to native grass seed, with the new water trough providing access to water during the dry period when Sachs Creek typically runs dry.
“Additionally, the planting of the native grasses and clearing of high-priority weeds will assist in suppressing weed growth in the area.
“This work is ongoing, and our officers will continue to work with Coastal Dry Tropics Landcare Inc (CDTLI) and Skilling Queenslanders for Work trainees to maintain and protect the site.”
CDTLI Project Officer Brittany Butler said Landcare has been working with Council for several months to propagate the grasses needed to deliver the project.
“Our staff and volunteers have been working with Council to propagate the native grasses for the revegetation works at our Bush Garden Nursery,” Ms Butler said.
“It is always exciting to see native provenance species we provide to the community used to restore eco-systems and bring back biodiversity in the region – in this case focusing on the endangered black-throated finch.
“Our Skilling Queenslanders for Work trainees enjoyed having the opportunity to work alongside Council staff to assist with the revegetation and to provide them an opportunity to put their conservation and land management training to practical use.”
Cr Ryder said the Oak Valley Reserve was chosen because it borders already existing black-throated finch habitat.
“In recent decades, the range of the black-throated finch has shrunk by 80 per cent – with the species no longer found in NSW – due to clearing and modification of its habitat,” she said.
“The main factors contributing to the decline in the black-throated finch include land clearing, introduction of invasive weeds, decline in native grass seed availability, decreased access to year-round water sources, and predators.” | <urn:uuid:3f0c0702-c849-4f99-869e-92ffcf9f31f8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.townsville.qld.gov.au/about-council/news-and-publications/media-releases/2021/april/more-than-1000-grasses-planted-for-endangered-finch | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.938306 | 694 | 2.5 | 2 |
Fresh From the Field — Lost Time Project
To coincide with International Women’s day this week our Fresh from the Field feature’s a collaboration by two Aotearoa creative women which sparks action and conversation around the gender pay gap. Lost Time Project visualises the 15.5% disparity, in stark black and white. “As soon as you see data visually represented, it comes to life making the problem accessible to all. We believe in the power of design to make change. It feels like now people are ready to listen, and speak up, for change. The status quo has been the status quo for too long.” – Alice Murray, Associate partner, Pentagram and Lost Time Project co-founder
After being involved in the exhibition ‘Present Tense : Wāhine Toi Aotearoa’ by Catherine Griffiths through Designers Speak (Up) we had the ambition to contribute something towards closing the gender pay gap ourselves.
The gender pay gap exists but the statistics sometimes aren’t enough to resonate with everyone, so we wanted to make something physical to visually demonstrate it. As female creatives, and with the gender pay gap being felt keenly in the creative industry, we wanted to use our craft as a way to spark conversations and ignite action.
It’s easy to talk about change, to complain about inequality and feel like there’s nothing you can do to change the status quo. We both believe creativity has the power to make meaningful change – to catch someone’s eye, start a debate, change the way people think. And, graphic design has the power to turn something that’s so everyday (there’s nothing more mundane than a wall planner!) come to life, be beautiful and have meaning.
The Design Response:
Our aim was simple to start with: we wanted to make something as eye-catching as it was meaningful, and give all the profits to charity. And so Lost Time was born.
The project is a large-scale B1 wall print in the form of a calendar, using spot UV to show the days “lost” by women due to the gender pay gap.
Shifting the narrative to be about the time lost, instead of focusing on the monetary difference, was important to us. After all, time is money. We wanted the design to land that message in a simple, provocative way. That’s why we grouped the invisible days as we did, and used Spot UV gloss for the time lost. It’s a simple message, a simple fact – so the design needed to be simple, too.
The print serves as a daily visual reminder of the gender pay gap – a real conversation-starter – that highlights the gap. And what better way to put the conversation on the wall (and the agenda) of creatives, agencies, studios and companies all over the world.
We are two NZ-born creatives – Alice Murray (associate partner at Pentagram) and Lauren Priestley (creative director at Redwood BBDO) – who have been friends for more than two decades. We have both just moved back to Auckland and continue to work with our London teams. We’re passionate about being able to use our craft for meaningful change, instead of just talking about it. Over a Friday night paneer curry we came up with the idea of Lost Time. Little did we know 2020 would be such a tough year to launch a personal project (!) but partnering together meant the project never felt like work, only play. We have to give a particular shout out to Catherine Griffiths from Designers Speak (Up), who has been an amazing support to us, as well as Ladies, Wine & Design and Creative Equals. What these amazing nonprofits are doing is so empowering for female creatives around the world, and we wanted to help shine the light brighter on each of them and so all proceeds go to these organisations.
Social handles: @losttimeproject @alicelmurray @laurenpriestley
Website URL: losttimeproject.com | <urn:uuid:45fb26dc-b716-4547-b42c-eb5e9ab346a4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://designassembly.org.nz/2021/03/10/fftf-lost-time-project/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.94456 | 852 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Ben Furman: Kids’Skills for Professionals for self-study 3 cr
What is Kids’Skills?
Kids’Skills is a practical educational method to help children overcome behavioral and emotional difficulties. The tool consists of 15 steps and it is founded on the principles of solution-focused psychology.
The method was developed by Dr Ben Furman in Finland. Dr Furman is a psychiatrist and internationally renowned trainer of solution-focused therapy and coaching.
Kid'Skills for Professionals 3 cr
Kids’Skills Academy offers you online training to learn about the Kids'Skills method both in theory and in practice. This video-based online course is addressed to
- professionals in the field of childcare and education: teachers, kindergarten teachers, special education teachers, counsellors, headmasters, therapists, students etc.
- parents who are interested in creative parenting and possible collaboration with professionals applying Kids'Skills method
In this course you will learn
- The basics of the Kids’Skills method
- The 15 steps of Kids’Skills
- How to apply the method to help children overcome their problems and difficulties
What you get
- 51 lessons with videos and chat forum
- 6 learning diaries
- 1 quiz, 1 essay test
- 12 month access to all materials
Assessment of Kids'Skills Report 2 cr
After the online course you can apply the Kids'Skills method in practice and have your report assessed by Helsinki Brief Therapy Institute. Purchase the assessment here
The Assessment process
- Apply the Kids'Skills method with one child
- Then write a report about the process.
- Send the report to helena.lehtimaki at oppimaa.fi
- The report will be assessed by Helsinki Brief Therapy Institute / Dr Ben Furman
- Then you will receive a certificate for 5 credits
Finally, you can register as a certified Kids'Skills Coach here
What is Kids’Skills Academy?
Kids’Skills Academy is an online training platform maintained jointly by Oppimaa Ltd. and Helsinki Brief Therapy Institute. The Academy is dedicated to spreading information about the Kids’Skills method and other solution-focused methods used in working with families and children.
Contact: Helena Lehtimäki, Producer
helena.lehtimaki at oppimaa.fi Oppimaa Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
© Oppimaa Ltd & Helsinki Brief Therapy Institute Ltd
- The 15 steps
- How to get started
- Step 1. Converting problems into skills
- Step 1. ‘Skilling’ – finding the skill behind the problem
- Step 1. Learning to do the right thing
- Step1. We can all help to find a skill
- Step 1. A skill is not stopping something
- Step 1. When a child has multiple problems
- Step 2. Agreeing on the skill to learn
- Step 2. How to get the child interested in learning a skill
- Learning Diary 2
- Step 9. Defining the skill
- Step 9. Defining the skill together with the child
- Step 10. Going public
- Step 11. Practising the skill
- Step 11. Show me! A natural way for children to practice
- Step 11. Supporting the child
- Step 11. Triple praise
- Step 11. Praising through a third person
- Step 12. Reminding the child
- Learning Diary 4 | <urn:uuid:67014a4e-400d-4ac0-8431-713fa2f16c82> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kidsskillsacademy.com/course/ben-furman-kidsskills-for-professionals-3-cr/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.869952 | 726 | 2.21875 | 2 |
2.1 Soil characterization
A greenhouse study was performed in the city of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The surface layer (0 – 0.2m) of an Haplic Gleisol was collected and used for rice cultivation in pots (7 dm³). Samples were air dried and physically and chemically characterized according to Teixeira et al. (2017) and PTE’s were analyzed following the methodology preconized by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 3051A (USEPA 2007) (Table 1).
2.2 Steel mill wastes characterization
The steel mill wastes chosen to be used in this study were: Metallurgical press residue (FPM), Filter press mud (FPM) and Phosphate mud (PM), collected in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, where a metallurgical industry is installed. The available contents of macro and micronutrients in these wastes were analyzed following Mehlich-1 extraction and they were also analyzed regarding PTE’s following USEPA 3051A (USEPA 2007) (Table 2). The elements analyzed were: P, S, Mg, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb, all of them determined by spectrophotometry of atomic absorption with air-acetylene flame, except for phosphorus that was determined by colorimetry and K that was analyzed by flame photometry (Malavolta et al. 1989).
2.3 Experiment conduction
The experiment was set in a completely randomized design with a factorial scheme (3×7) in triplicates, consisting of three steel mill wastes combined at seven wastes doses (0; 0.5; 1; 2; 4; 8; 16 t ha-1) which corresponds to the following doses per pot: 0; 1; 2; 4; 8; 16 and 32 g pot-1.
Soil samples and metallurgical wastes were weighed, mixed homogeneously in plastic bags and incubated for 60 days. Then, soil samples (7 dm³) were fertilized with N, K, P, Mg, S, B, Cu, Zn and Mo (450; 450; 200; 30; 50; 0.5; 1.5; 5 and 0.2 mg kg-1 respectively) following recommendations of Malavolta (1981) and using analytical grade reagents. Iron and Mn were not added due to the natural content of them in soil and their low demand by plants. Micronutrients and S were added at once during cultivation while N and K were split out in topdressing applications. The first nutritional supplementation occurred 32 days after installing the crop. From then on, N and K were supplied weekly. Cultivation was performed in pots with 7 dm3 capacity.
Rice crop (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Curinga was chosen due to the interest in studying PTE’s behavior under flooding and because rice is an important staple food all over the world (Laborte et al. 2012). Twelve seeds were cultivated per pot but only five seedlings were carried on until the end of five months. Most of rice crops are conducted in floodplain soils, and in order to approach such condition, a 5 cm water blade was maintained until the end of the experiment.
2.4 PTE’s in rice parts
Plant material was cleansed with distilled water in order to remove any soil particle and avoiding contamination, especially roots. After drying the plant material in an oven with forced air circulation at 65 ºC up to constant mass, the shoots, husk, grain and roots dry matter of rice was determined. Then, the material was ground in a Wiley mill and digested with nitroperchloric method in a digester block. About 1 g of plant material was added to each tube in the digester, together with 6 ml of HClO4 + HNO3 solution in a 1:2 ratio. Samples were allowed to pre-digestion for approximately 4 hours and then, they were gradually heated until temperature reached 190ºC. When samples became colorless and a 2 mL aliquot was left, digestion was completed. After cooling down, the extracts were diluted with distilled water to 16 mL and filtered through Whatman 40 filter papers (Scott 1978). PTE’s concentration (Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) was then determined in an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS).
2.5 Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) and Translocation Factor (TF)
PTE’s concentrations (Ni, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Mn) in the plant and in the soil were calculated based on dry weight. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) is an index that shows the plant's ability to accumulate an element according to the concentration of that element in the soil. Thus, BAF was calculated according to the following equations (Galal and Shehatab 2015; Usman et al. 2013; Usman and Mohamed 2009):
BAF (grain) = Mgrain / Msoil (1)
BAF (husk) = Mhusk / Msoil (2)
BAF (shoot) = Mshoot / Msoil (3)
BAF (roots) = Mroot / MCsoil (4)
Where Mgrain, Mhusk, Mshoot and Mroot are the concentrations of Ni, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Mn in the grains, in the husk, in shoot and root, respectively, and Msoil is the concentration in the soil.
The translocation factor (TF) evaluates the relative displacement of Ni, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Mn from plants’ roots towards other plants’ parts such as shoots, grains and husk. The TF is calculated using the following equations (Azzia et al. 2017):
TF (grain) = Mgrain / Mroot (5)
TF (husk) = Mhusk / Mroot (6)
TF (shoot) = Mshoot / Mroot (7)
2.6 Health Risk Assessment
2.6.1. Health Risk Index (HRI)
Health risk index is calculated to verify exposure risks of PTE’s through food intake. It reveals the risk of consuming contaminated foodstuffs. HRI is the ratio between the exposure and the reference oral dose (RfD) (USEPA, US Environmental Protection Agency 2002). It is generally used in EPA non-cancer health assessments. The RfD values used in this study were 0.02, 0.04, 0.004, 0.001, 0.03, 0.30 mg kg-1 for Ni, Cu, Pb, Cd, Mn and Zn, respectively. (USEPA, 2010; WHO, 1993; Food and Nutrition Board, 2004). Therefore, the health risk index was calculated as in the following equation:
HRI = (DI) × (Cmetal) / RfD × B (8)
Where DI is the daily rice intake rate (kg per day), Cmetal is the metal concentration in the grain (mg kg-1), RfD is the oral reference dose for the metal (mg kg -1 per weight per day) and B is the human body mass (kg). The DI used was 34 kg year-1 for adults and for children (0 to 6 years) the consumption was established as 1/3 of the rate for adults (IBGE 2004, 2006; WHO 1993). The average B value was 70 kg for adults and 19.5 kg for children (IBGE 2004, 2006; Guerra et al. 2012; WHO 1993).
HRI greater than 1 for any metal in rice grains is considered unsafe for human health and serious health risks are possible. However, HRI < 1 means that oral exposure to PTE’s is considered safe. (Storelli 2008).
2.6.2 Hazard Index (HI)
The potential health risk from exposure of several metals in rice grains (HI) was calculated according to the EPA guides for health risk assessment (Ogunkunle et al. 2016) using the following equation:
HI = ΣHRI= HRICd + HRINi + HRIPb + HRICu + HRIMn + HRIZn (9)
For the Health Risk Index (HRI) and Harzard Index (HI) calculations, the three metallurgical wastes (Metallurgical press residue; FPM: Filter press mud; PM: Phosphate mud) were considered at 8 t ha-1 dose.
2.7 Quality Control and Quality Assurance
The qualitative detection limit for each analytical method (MDL) was calculated after determining Ni, Cd, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu in seven blank samples and using the equation below (APHA 2012): MDL = (x + t × s)×d, whereas, x is the average content of the substance in seven blank samples, t is the Student value at 0.01 probability and n-1 degrees of freedom (for n+7, α = 0.01 and t = 3,14), s is the standard deviation of these seven samples, d is the diluton eventually applied. The MDL for Zn, Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni and Pb were 2.9, 2.35, 7.7, 11.6, 1.36 e 0.72 µg kg-1, respectively. All glassware used was rinsed several times with 10% HNO3 in order to avoid contamination. An internal sample was used to ensure quality control, and determination was only run if recovery was higher than 90%.
2.8 Statistical Analysis
Statistical analysis was performed by conducting a variance analysis (F test, P <0.05). The effect of steel-mill wastes application and their doses on the soil regarding the contents of Zn, Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni and Pb in husks, grains, shoots and roots were evaluated with the Tukey test (P <0.05).
For bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF), only the effect of steel-mill wastes was evaluated through the mean of all doses (n = 18) by applying the Tukey test (P <0.05). | <urn:uuid:97dc67aa-fd24-4860-a3a4-3f1de94c363f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-186992/v1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.94925 | 2,213 | 2.625 | 3 |
I have a friend who lends or gives us money to help us out.
Am I allowed to give him mishloach manos on Purim – or would this be considered some kind of ribis?
Would it be better to give it from our family to their family?
The main issue is the concern of interest (on a rabbinic level) for a current or recent loan.
If you give the friend mishloach manos every year on Purim (including a period of time before he lent you money), and you give him the same sort of mishloach manos this year as you give him every year, it is permitted. If you do not give him every year, or if you usually give him a small mishloach manos and this year you wish to give him a large one, it is forbidden.
In addition, you may not have intention of giving the mishloach manos in return for the loan.
Sources: See Yoreh De’ah 260:10, and commentaries. The above applies for a time in which money is actually owed to the friend. If money is not currently owed to the friend, giving a larger-than-usual mishloach would be permitted only if this would not be associated with the loan, meaning that a considerable time has passed. | <urn:uuid:f04a65d0-be85-4b55-a35d-41d9cb62a799> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dinonline.org/2011/02/22/mishloach-manos-to-creditor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.9737 | 275 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Be Smart In Your Running a blog Attempts
Be Smart In Your Running a blog Attempts
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Mentioned previously just before, running a blog satisfies a fantastic need to have since most people features a message they need to discuss. People have things they would like to say. Figuring out the easiest method to reveal your information implies you will have to make sure choices. This article comprised many ideas to assist you to make use of your weblog most effectively. | <urn:uuid:e06fa859-971b-4afd-8f3d-2650657d923b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bessmastnews.is-blog.com/17096640/be-smart-in-your-running-a-blog-attempts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.954915 | 955 | 1.59375 | 2 |
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Indo-China, the most easterly of the three great peninsulas of Southern Asia, is bounded on the north by the mountains of Assam, the Plateau of Yun-nan, and the mountains of Kwang-si; on the east by the province of Kwang-si (Canton), the Gulf of Tong-king, and the Sea of China; on the south by the Sea of China, the Gulf of Siam and the Strait of Malacca; on the west by the Gulf of Martaban and the Bay of Bengal. This territory is divided political into: Upper and Lower Burmah, which belong to Britain; the Malay Peninsula, which England shares with Siam; the Empire of Siam; and French Indo-China, which includes the Colony of Cochin China, the vassal kingdoms of Cambodia and Annam, the Tong-King and Laos Protectorates and—although not geographically included in Indo-China — the territory of Kwang-chau-wan, leased in 1898 for ninety-nine years from the Chinese Government. The length of the peninsula from the Chinese frontier to Cape Cambodia is about 1200 miles; at its widest point between the Gulf of Tong-king and the Bay of Bengal, its breadth is 1000 miles. Its approximate area is 735,000 square miles, or about one-fourth the area of the United States. Its population is estimated at 34,000,000, that is 40 inhabitants to the square mile. In the present article only general reference will be made to the British territories and Siam, for particulars concerning which the reader is referred to the articles India and Siam respectively in The Catholic Encyclopedia.
While manifesting a certain degree of uniformity in its physical formation, in the ethnological relations of its inhabitants, and, to a lesser degree, in its fauna and flora, Indo-China lacks that political unity which characterizes its sister-peninsula, Hindustan. As both this want of unity and the comparatively deserted state of the Indo-Chinese peninsula are almost entirely due to the configuration of the land, a clear exposition of the natural formation of the peninsula must naturally precede every attempt to treat intelligently of its history, civilization, peoples, and produce. In Indo-China we have a vast tract of territory almost four times the size of France, blessed with a soil capable of producing almost any crop, free of the barren wastes which mar so many countries in the same latitude, richly watered by innumerable rivers and streams, possessing a mineral wealth not greatly inferior to its agricultural possibilities, endowed by nature with numerous superb harbours, the natural rendezvous of traders between the West and the Far East, situated in the midst of an ocean of vast islands—many of which are unexcelled for the richness of their soil—and yet exhibiting in spite of all these natural advantages a backwardness difficult at first to understand. Though perhaps referable to some extent to the character of the inhabitants, the cause of the backward state of Indo-China, compared to Hindustan, as already stated, is primarily a geographical one. Francis Garnier, the famous explorer of the peninsula, compared the territory to the human hand with extended fingers. The fingers serve to indicate roughly the courses of the five great rivers which rise in the high plateau to the north of the peninsula: the Song-koi (Red River), flowing through Tong-king, the Me-kong through Laos and Cambodia, the Me-nam through Siam, and the Salwin and Irawadi through Burmah. The upper basins of these rivers are effectually separated from one another by lofty mountain ranges, the geographical continuation of the Great Tibetan Plateau. As one descends to the south, the river-valleys widen, the soil falls rapidly, and consequently the variation of climate, soil, animals, and plants is much more abrupt than that occasioned by a mere change of latitude. Thus, while the mountains between the river basins were an effectual bar to the feeling of national unity among the tribes occupying the upper course of the great rivers, the difficulties arising from the rapid change of climate served as an almost equally effectual check to their natural tribal growth, which in ancient times was effected by migration along the banks of the rivers. In India on the other hand, where all the great rivers, except the Indus, run parallel to the equator, this natural growth of the population could take place without the necessity of encountering absolutely novel climatic and agricultural conditions.
The principal mountain ranges are the mountains of Assam (the Blue Mountain, 7100 feet), and the Arakan-Yoma between the Brahmaputra and the Irawadi, the Shañ-Yoma, between the latter and the Salwin, which rises to the height of 10,500 feet; the Tanen-taung-gyi Mountains between the Me-kong and the Salwin, (Lai-pang-ngoun in the Shan Country, 8100 feet). The mountains between the Me-kong and the Song-koi continue southwards as the Annamite Coast Range between the Me-kong and the sea, turn westwards on reaching the south of the peninsula, and, thus describing a figure which may be compared to a rude S, have a very important influence on the climate of the different countries. Another chain runs parallel to the western cost, many peaks of which exceed 7000 feet.
The early periods of the history of Indo-China are shrouded in a darkness illumined only by such stray gleams of information as can be obtained from a comparative study of its people, languages, civilizations, and customs. It is now universally accepted that its primitive inhabitants were savage tribes of Malay origin, probably from the islands of the Pacific, and that they are represented today by the numerous wild tribes scattered over the great eastern range of mountains from Yun-nan to Cochin China. They are variously named in the different localities: Moïs in Annam, Pnongs in Cambodia, Khas in Laos, etc. They probably occupied at first the greater portion of the peninsula, but were driven by the invading races into the mountains, where they lead today a wretched, if practically independent existence. They are in general small (about five feet), dodichocephalic, of a swarthy complexion, and wavy hair. The differences of type found among them is due mainly to intermarriage with the members of the invading races who fled to the mountains to evade war, justice, or creditors. They represent every degree of civilization from the almost absolute savagery of the Khas and Souïs on the banks of the Se-bang-hieng on the western slopes of the Annamite Range to the half-civilization of the Muongs in the north-east of Tong-king and the Thos of the river Lang-son. The Muong are possibly more nearly related to the Laotines (see below); their writing is phonographic, as distinct from the idealogical characters of the Chinese and Annamites, while their language bears more than the usual resemblance to Laotine. As one proceeds southward the mountain tribes become less and less civilized—a phenomenon traceable to the increasing dread of the people of seeing their women being carried off by bands of kidnappers from the plains to be sold as slaves on the markets of Laos, Siam, and Cambodia. This form of slave-hunting is practiced mainly by the Laotians. The various tribes of the Annamite Range name themselves Phou-tays, Souïs, Bahnars, Stiengs, Moïs, Kuoys, Pnongs, etc.: almost all are of Malay origin, and their language always resembles Laotine.
At a very remote period two great floods of immigration poured into Indo-China. the first of these currents consisted of the tribes of Aryan race coming from northern India via Burmah and Siam — a tradition of the royal house of Cambodia makes the neighbourhood of Benares the cradle of the Khmer people. Driving the primitive inhabitants to the mountains, the Aryans possessed themselves of the districts known today as Laos, Cambodia, Siam, Cochin China, and Central and Southern Annam. That all these territories were once inhabited in the mighty Khmer empire seems established by the numerous existing monuments and inscriptions, by the striking similarity between the constitutions of Cambodia and Siam, and by the many resemblances between the characteristics, legends, and languages of the Khmers and Ciampas. It seems impossible to fix definitively the date or sequence of the Aryan and Mongol invasions of Indo-China. We are, however, justified in supposing that the Khmers anticipated the peoples of yellow race unless indeed the organization of their realms was much more rapid.
The second current of early immigration was that of the Mongols from the plateaux of Southern China. Establishing themselves first in Tong-king, they later proceeded southwards, occupied North Annam, and founded the Annamite Empire. If credence is to be attached to local legends, these invaders — whom we may henceforth call the Annamites—intermingled freely with the primitive inhabitants and gradually absorbed them. A reference to the Annamites as the Giao-chi (i.e. the "big-toed"—the wide separation of big toe from the others is still a distinctive characteristic of the Annamites), found in the Chinese annals of 2357 B.C., affords us a faint clue to the great antiquity of the Annamite race, which some ethnologists believe not descended from, but coeval with the Chinese. According to Annamite legends, however, their first rulers were descended from the royal house of China, and the Chinese dynasty ruled Annam as vassals to the Celestial Empire until 257 B.C. From 257-110 B.C. the Annamite empire was governed by two native dynasties, both feudatory to China, but in the latter year China occupied Annam, and from 110 B.C. to A.D. 930 Annam was administered by Chinese governors, except during the domination of a few short-lived native dynasties.
It is also to the Chinese annals that we are indebted for our first documentary information concerning the Khmer Empire. From these we learn that early in our era China reduced the Khmers to a state of vassalage, though the entire absence from Chinese records of all mention of Angkor until 1296 seems to suggest that the suzerainty of China may perhaps been of a shadowy kind. As their subjugation by China must be taken as the first indication of Khmer decadence, our documentary information concerning the Khmer Empire, meagre as it is, relates only to the period of its decline. What the history of Khmer civilization may have been is still a mystery, but its glorious remains are ample evidence of the mightiness of Khmer power in the day of its greatness. Only a nation, to whom fear of invasion was unknown, could conceivably have undertaken public works of such magnitude; a long period of peace was indispensable for the completion of such monuments, and for the evolution of that high standard of civilization, whose existing remains indicate a culture unsurpassed in the Far East. The striking resemblance of the carving and of the features of the statues to the productions of Hindu art demonstrate clearly that the artistic greatness of the nation was contemporaneous with Aryan predominance, and the decline of the Khmers is probably to be attributed to the weakening of the Aryan element in the population as occasioned by the intermarriage with the surrounding yellow races and Malays. A second indication of Khmer decline was the establishment of the Kingdom of the Ciampas in Central and Southern Annam about the fifth century. That the Khmers and Ciampas belonged to the same race is now undisputed, although some hold that the latter belonged to a later Indian immigration than that of the Khmers.
Concerning the first nine centuries of our era, we have little historical information about Indo-China. About the beginning of the tenth century, the Annamite chiefs revolted, cast off the Chinese yoke, and set up a native dynasty, although China continued to exercise a nominal suzerainty over Annam until the intervention of the French in the nineteenth century. At this point Annamite influence extended only over Tong-king and Northern Annam, but henceforth, unembarrassed by China, Annam directed all its forces against the Ciampas. The vigorous opposition to the Annamite influence may be judged by the fact that, notwithstanding the almost constant warfare, Hue was still the capital of the Ciampese Kingdom as late as the fifteenth century. Forced subsequently into the southern provinces, the Ciampas chose Chaban as their head-quarters, but, towards the close of the fifteenth century, Chaban was also seized by the Annamites, and by the end of the seventeenth century the kingdom of Ciampas had disappeared. The ruin of the Khmer empire occurred about the same period. In 1658 the King of Cambodia was defeated by the united Annamites and Ciampas on the northern frontiers of Cochin China, and compelled to acknowledge himself;f as Annam's vassal. Civil war having broken out in his territories, Annam interfered in 1675 to re-establish peace, and, on the pacification of the country, set up one king at Odong and another at Saigon. In 1689 Annam took advantage of the new revolution in Cambodia to establish in the country a royal commissary, which colonized various districts with malefactors from Annam. The empire of Annam now included all the territories of the modern countries of Tong-king, Annam, and Cochin China, and was furthermore suzerain of Cambodia. Southern Annam and Cochin China formed one province, administered by a governor of the Nguyen family.
The last decades of the eighteenth century are notable for the great insurrection called the Tay Shon Thong Tac (the War of the Great Mountains of the West) which has given the name Tay-Shons" to its leaders—two brothers of the Nguyen family, Nguyen van Nhac and Nguyen van Hue. The rebellion was at first entirely successful, the last member of the royal family of Le being forced to take refuge in China. Subsequently Nguyen-an, hereditary governor (chua) of the southern province, succeeded in eliciting French assistance, seized Saigon in 1789 from the Tay-shons, and Hue in 1801. In 1802 he entered Ke-so (Hanoi), the capital of Tong-king, and had himself declared emperor under the title of Gia-long—a name he was destined to make famous.
Now undisputed master of all the territories (except Laos) embraced in the present French Indo-China, Gia-long devoted his whole energy to the organization of the country. To him the peninsula is indebted for the number of its canals and roads, especially for the great road which, starting from Saigon, traverses Annam and Tong-king, and passing through Hue and Hanoi, terminates at Lang-song on the Chinese frontier. Minh-mang (1820-41), Gia-long's successor, was as notable for hatred of, as his father had been for benevolence toward Europeans. During Minh-mang's reign (1834), Siam snatched Cambodia from Annam, and made it tributary to the Siamese government, annexing the provinces of Battambang and Siem-reap (see below, under Cambodia) to Siamese territories. It was the policy initiated by Minh-mang that lead finally to French intervention, the history of which is so closely bound up with that of Christianity that it may be more properly considered under that heading.
The centre of the Indo-Chinese peninsula had meanwhile been the scene of a third invasion. Whether the Thais or Shans (both terms signify the "Free"), the last of the great invading races, came originally from the north-east of China or the plateaux of Southern China is still disputed; they first appear in history about the beginning of our era, when they occupy the upper basin of the Irawadi. As in the case of other invading races, our information concerning the history of the Thais is very meagre. Having established themselves in territories known today as Laos and the Shan States, they began their march southward towards the end of the sixth century, and before 1160—a date established by an inscription—had extended their domain to the Gulf of Siam. They early split up into two branches: The Thai-nyai—the "Great Thaï" or Shans proper, of whom the Laotines are direct descendants—and the Thai-noi, the "Little Thaï" or Siamese, whose history will be more fully treated under SIAM. The Shans were the first to found a powerful empire. According to their own histories, all the early conquests of the Thais until the end of the thirteenth century are to be attributed to the Shans. Later their power began to wane, while that of the Siamese increased. Incessant wars with Burmah and China during the fourteenth and sixteen centuries resulted in a great diminution of the Shan territories and at the close of the seventeenth century Shan power was represented mainly by the Laotine kingdom with Vien-tian as its capital. Enfeebled by the protracted quarrels with the hill-tribes, the Laotines were so unfortunate as to invoke the aid of Siam. From this moment Siam gradually extended its dominion over the Laos states, and by the middle of the eighteenth century, Laos was a Siamese dependency. The Laotines made an attempt to shake off the Siamese yoke in 1767, after the Burmese had sacked Ayuthia, but their effort was unsuccessful. In 1820, exasperated by the merciless pillaging of the Siamese officers connived at by Siam, the king of Vien-tian made a final attempt to break the fetters which bound his nation. The Siamese general, Praya Mitop (to this day the bugbear of Laotine children), was at once dispatched against Vien-tian, seized and destroyed the town, burnt numbers of the people alive, and, in obedience to true Oriental ethics of warfare, performed every imaginable barbarity to impress upon the people the awfulness of Siamese wrath. Luang Prabang, after Vien-tian the principle Laotian centre, showed more prudence on this occasion, and, though having to submit to the numerous indignities always heaped by Orientals on subject native races, is still the principal center of the Laotine nation. Eastern Laos (see below) became a French protectorate in 1893.
Neglecting the wild tribes which occupy the mountainous district, the distribution of races at present day is as follows: (1) the French colony of Cochin China, for which alone proper statistics are forthcoming, includes in its population 1,968,000 Annamites, 232,000 Cambodians (Khmers), 92,000 Chinese, 7,200 Europeans (including about 2,500 French troops); (2) in Annam and Tong-king the population is almost exclusively Annamite; (3) Cambodia is peopled by the descendants of the ancient Khmers and Ciampas, and some Annamite and Chinese colonies; (4) the people of Laos (the Loatines) are probably the purest race in Indo-China, and the direct descendants of the Thaï or Shan nation.
French Indo-China, which embraces the whole of the eastern, and a large portion of the northern and southern sections of the peninsula, is bound by the north and north-east by the Chinese provinces of Yu-nan and Kwang-si; on the east and south-east by the Gulf of Tong-king and the Sea of China; on the west by a conventional line drawn between Siam and Cambodia and then by the right bank of the Me-kong, which separates it from Siam and Burma. Its area has been estimated at 262,000 square miles, but this does not include (a) the provinces of Battambang and Siem-reap restored to Cambodia in accordance with the Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1907; (b) the neutral zone 25 kilometres wide (roughly 15.5 miles) on the right bank of the Me-kong, which is placed under French control; (c) the new region between the basins of the Me-kong and the Me-nan, estimated approximately at 77,000 square miles, lately conceded to French influence. The Annamite range extends from the extreme north, where it branches out into numerous steep and ragged ranges, to Cape St. Jacques in the south. It is covered for the most part with thick forests, and towards the centre and the south approaches so close to the sea that it seems at times to rise abruptly from the waters. This range separates the basin of the Me-kong from the river systems of Tong-king and Annam. French Indo-China has a coast-line of about 1500 miles. Beginning in the north, the first 375 miles of the shore are washed by the gulf of Tong-king. For about 100 miles the sea is studded with islands—Ka-bao, Kak-ba, and the Pirate Islands, long the haunt of Chinese corsairs, being the most notable. To the south of Kak-ba, the coast is low-lying and marshy, and characterized by the numerous mouths of the rivers Thai-bing, Song-koi, Song-ma, Song-ka, whose alluvium has formed the delta of Tong-king, as well as the fertile plains of Thanh-hoa and Nghe-an. From Cape Bung-kwiua to Cape St. Jacques, steep promontories—the termination of minor chains thrown off by the Annamite range—alternate with low sandy plains formed by the numberless short rivers which run down from the mountains into the Sea of China. The principal harbours are that formed by the River of Hue (at Thuan-an), the Bay of Turan, the Ports of Kwi-hnon and Song-kau, the Bays of Van-fong, Nah-trang, Kam-rang, and Fan-thiet.
From Cape St. Jacques to Ha-tien, the coasts are again low and intersected by the numerous embouchures of the Me-kong, to the alluvial deposits of which this fertile section of Indo-China owes its existence. From Ha-tien to the conventional Siamese frontier cliffs and sandy plains again alternate. The Me-kong, the great river to which so much of Indo-China owes its fertility and territory, rises in the central plateaux of Asia and on entering the peninsula is already a mighty river. Owing to its numerous rapids, the river can be used for purposes of navigation only on restricted stretches, until below the rapids of Khone. Even later there are some minor rapids which are not, however, an insurmountable obstacle to traffic. From Pnom-pehn, where the river divides into two branches, the navigation is easy. These branches, known to the French colonists as the Fleuve antérieur and the Fleuve postérieur—subdivide in turn, and form the network of streams which are the chief means of communication between the various commercial centres of Cochin China and Cambodia. Other rivers of importance will be referred to later in treating of the separate political division.
Although the climate of Indo-China is, in general, like that of other intertropical countries, characterized by great heat and dampness, there exists a great difference in the climatic conditions of the various districts. In Cochin China, the wet and dry seasons succeed each other with the utmost regularity, and correspond with the monsoons. The period of the north-easterly monsoon, which blows from October to April, is the dry season, during which the thermometer registers between 78.8° and 80.6° by day, and 68° by night. About the middle of April, the monsoon changes to the south-west, the temperatures rise to 98°, and the season of daily rains begins. The climate of Cambodia resembles in general that of Cochin China, except that, deprived in the north of the sea breezes, the heat is much more rigorous. In Annam the climate is less regular. The heavy rains do not coincide with the southwest monsoon, which is intercepted by the Annamite Range, but fall usually during the season of the north-east. In Hue, they begin in December and last until September, the temperature falling below 60°, and so consistent and heavy is the downpour that it is often impossible to leave the house for several successive days. The other seasons are by no means rainless; there is however no regularity in the intervals between the showers, which are very heavy but last only a few hours. Tong-king has two very clearly-defined seasons corresponding with the monsoons: a winter from October to April, and a summer during the remaining period of the year. April and October are themselves months of transition, and resemble somewhat our spring and autumn. During the winter, the temperature is comparatively low, the thermometer falls to 42° or 40°, and instances of white frost have been recorded. During this season the wind blows from the north-east, but when it chances to veer to the south, the thermometer suddenly rises 10, 12, or even 20 degrees. The weather is most changeable, being now bright and clear, and now foggy and rainy. Heavy rains are, however, rare, and the length of the winter allows one to recuperate one's strength after the exhausting summer. A fine rain falls almost unceasingly from January to April. In the latter month the wind changes to the south-east, and the temperature rises to 75°. In July and August, the hottest months, the temperature varies between 80 and 86, although not infrequently the thermometer rises to 95°, 100°, and even 104°, and remains there for several days. During the summer the rains are rare, and usually very heavy and accompanied by violent storms. The heaviest showers fall between May and August, and a rainfall of four inches within twenty-four hours has been recorded in the latter month.
Between the climatic conditions of Northern and Southern Laos there is a marked difference. In general there are two clearly defined seasons: the dry from October to March, with very occasional rain-storms, and the wet from April to October, during which period there are abundant and almost daily rains. In Northern Laos the temperature during the former season is relatively low—43° (even in the most elevated districts) in December and January. During the summer especially in April and May the heat is overwhelming: the temperature often rises to 100° and 104°, and there is little difference between the day and the night readings. The climate of Southern Laos is much more tolerable, and is free from the rapid variations in temperature common in the north. The northern territories of Indo-China, particularly Tong-king, are frequently visited by typhoons, the southern sections very rarely. Two kinds are distinguished: (1) the continental cyclones, which originate in Siberia and Eastern China and advance towards the sea; (2) the typhoons which originate in the Pacific ocean. Though frequent during both seasons, the typhoons are much more violent in winter. When the barometer falls to 28.5° a typhoon may be confidently predicted. Notwithstanding the terrific rapidity of its rotary motion, the typhoon advances with comparative slowness, and warning is generally received by telegraph from observatories along the southern coast of China in ample time to permit shipping and inhabitants to seek shelter before its approach. The typhoons of 1851 and 1882, when the sea invaded the northern coasts of Tong-king, are the most violent recorded. Father Legrand de la Lyraie relates that 10,000 perished in 1851 in consequence of the inroads of the sea. In 1882, the sea rose twenty-seven feet above its ordinary level at high tide, and 40,620 corpses were recovered, 205 having entirely disappeared.
The climate of Indo-China is very unhealthy for Europeans, who can never become acclimatized. As a rule the mountainous and wooded regions are most insalubrious—a phenomenon attributable partially to the accumulation of animal and vegetable detritus in the dense brushwood, undisturbed for centuries, and partly to the dampness caused by the nocturnal mists and the excessive density of the vegetation. Here intermittent fevers (e.g., the terrible wood fever) and dysentery menace the inhabitants at every season, and spare neither colonist nor native. Reasonable exploitation of the timber, for which however proper modes of conveyance are still wanting, or the clearing away of the vast sections of forests which cover the land, should have a beneficial effect on the hygienic conditions of these regions. The low, cultivated plains are the least unhealthy for, though even here the intermittent fevers are by no means rare, they have not the severity one witnesses in other localities. In no district can the European escape dysentery and anæmia, but by avoiding heavy exercise and every excess, and by guarding against the extreme heat of the day and the dampness of the night, he can evade all the more serious attacks of the maladies. Periodic sojourns into less rigorous countries to recuperate his strength are of course indispensable. The maritime districts are the most tolerable for Europeans; the regular breezes from the sea counteract to a great extent the injurious effects of the climate, and facilitate sleep. The winters in Tong-king, which necessitate warmer clothing and even the artificial heating of the houses, allows the settler to recover his strength after the exhausting summer. The hot season is, however, terrible, and intermittent fevers, affections of the liver, and cholera make for great ravages among the French troops. To engage in industrial or agricultural labour is always fatal for Europeans. Thanks for its favourable situation along the coast, the summer heat in Annam is less extreme, and the maladies are neither so frequent nor so serious as in Tong-king. Of all the divisions of Indo-China, the heat of Cochin-China is the severest test for foreigners, in consequence of the unvarying elevation of the temperature, especially in the districts remote form the sea. Only the most careful avoidance of mid-day heat and all unusual exertion can safeguard the European. He must also take great care to guard against changes in temperature, for even the slightest variation at night often suffices to occasion attacks of dysentery almost impossible to cure. Wooded and mountainous, Laos is in general very unhealthy, and the climate is rendered the more intolerable for foreigners by the privations necessitated by the absence of proper or regular communication with Tong-king and Annam.
The authority of the French Republic is represented by the Governor-General, whose powers have been defined by a decree of 21 April, 1891. Having the sole right to correspond with the French Government, he is in direct communication not alone with the ministers in France, but also with the French diplomatic representative in the Far East. He has complete control of the land and sea forces in Indo-China, and only in the case of an emergency which demands immediate action, can any military or naval operation take place without his authorization. He is also intrusted with the organization and administration of the native police and public services. All or any of his powers may be delegated to the Lieutenant-General of Cochin China, or to the Resident Superior of any of the other political divisions. The residents Superior, in addition to their political and diplomatic relations with the sovereigns of the vassal territories, have charge of the local budgets and the general administration of the political divisions to which they are appointed. The Governor-General is assisted by two councils, the Conseil supérieur of Indo-China, and the Conseil de défense. To the former belong the Governor-general (president), the commanders-in-chief of the French naval and military forces, the Lieutenant-General of Cochin China, the Residents Superior of the other divisions, the heads of various councils, and two indigenous members appointed annually by the Governor-General. This council sits each year to consider the general budget for Indo-China (including Kwan-chau-won since 1900), and the local budgets for the five constituent territories, to make the necessary naval and military appropriations, and to discuss in general matters of public interest. The place of assembly lies in the discretion of the Governor-General. The Conseil de défense, which also sits under the presidency of the Governor-General, is attended by the chiefs of all the important divisions of the land and sea forces, its deliberations being mainly concerned with measures for the preservation of peace within the territories. Though all effective authority is thus vested in French representatives, certain local powers are exercised in matters of purely native interest by the native sovereigns.
On taking possession of its Indo-Chinese territories, France found itself confronted with a very serious judicial problem. The natives had of course to be judged in conformity to their own laws which were not merely completely unknown to the Europeans, but were either written and not translated, or customary and not formulated. The appearance in French of many excellence treatises on native law having made its study possible for Europeans, a decree of 25 January, 1854, declared that henceforth the Annamite Law should regulate all civil and commercial conventions and litigations between natives and Asiatics in general, while all other causes were to be decided by French law. The chief law officer for the French possessions is the Procureur Général at Saigon. At present there is one Supreme Court of Appeal for Indo-China, with three chambers, two at Saigon and one at Hanoi. To decide civil disputes, three mixed tribunals have been instituted—at Saigon, Hanoi, and Haiphong. There is one general court of first instance at Saigon; tribunals of first instance (first class) at Mytho, Vinh-long, Hanoi, and Haiphong and (second class) at Bentré, Chaudoc, Travinh, Long-xuyen, Cantho, and Pnom-penh. In Cochin China the French tribunals are competent to decide even purely native disputes, and here remains no trace of the ancient indigenous justice. Of the native courts some mention will be made in treating of Annam.
In spite of the increasing tendency to centralize all the fundamental offices of government, the organization of public education in the various divisions is still entrusted to the five territorial Conseils. A short description may here be given of the educational system in Cochin China, where alone it is at present properly developed. The direction of education in this colony is trusted to a Directeur, immediately responsible to the Lieutenant-General. Every village of any importance has its école cantonale (primary school) at which the native children above six years are first instructed in French and quoc-gnu, and elementary arithmetic. The écoles d'arrondissement (district schools) impart secondary education, and are directed by a European professor, assisted by native teachers. The Ecole professionelle at Saigon aims at producing expert workmen for various industries (e.g., bookbinders, leatherworkers, coach builders, etc.), a special staff of professors giving the practical instruction, while the scientific is supplied by the staff of the Collège Chasseloup-Laubat. This last-named college, together with that at Mytho, are the leading educational institutions of the peninsula. Ecoles de caractères chinois, in which the Chinese and Annamite idealogic characters are taught, are kept by old native scholars in almost every canton. Save in the case of these alone, education in Indo-China is free. In imitation of the native custom throughout the Far East, the French make no provision for the education of the native women. For the daughters of European or European and native parents the Institution municipale has been instituted, as also an Ecole maternelle. The mistress and staff of both these institutions are appointed by the Mayor of Saigon. In 1809 the Ecole française l'Extrême-Orient was founded at Saigon for the study of the history, races, language and religions of Indo-China, while, within the last few years, a Grande école has been instituted as Cholon to supply the young Chinese with the education they had previously sought in Japan. The recent organization of a Conseil supérieur de l'enseignement indigène for Indo-China is another instance of the growing desire of France to respect the ancient civilization of the people, while imparting to them a proper acquaintance with Western learning. The numerous schools carried on by the various religious orders will be carried on under the heading of Christianity.
(1) Cochin China
This term, which formerly applied to the territories of the Annamite empire (Tong-king, Annam, and Cochin-China proper), is now confined to the French colony in the south-east of the peninsula. Cochin proper is bounded on the north and north-east by Cambodia and the province of Binh-thuan (Annam), on the east and south by the Sea of China, and on the west by the Gulf of Siam. Its area is estimated at 23,000 square miles, its population at 2,973,128 inhabitants (1909). For the purposes of administration the colony is divided into 21 arrondissements (districts), comprising 207 cantons, and 2,425 communes. Each arrondissement is administered by a French functionary known as the administrateur des affaires indigénes, and through its conseil d'arrondissement voters a special budget, called the budget régional. The islands of Poulo Condore are included in Cochin China, the largest being used as a penitentiary for criminals whose sentence is at least ten years. Cochin China is represented in parliament by one deputy. Situated on the route of Europe and India to Japan and China, Cochin China seems destined by nature to play a leading part in the development of the Far East. Its plains, watered by the various arms of the Me-kong, and numberless canals and arroyos (sc. natural channels which connect them) must be reckoned among the most fertile in the world. More than one-fourth of the whole surface is devoted to the cultivation of rice, of which 2,000,000 tons are produced annually. After rice the chief crops are areca-nuts, earth-nuts, peppers (the cultivation of which has greatly increased in recent years), betel-nuts, pine-apple, mulberry, maize, cotton and indigo. River and sea-fishing provides occupation for a great number of natives, over 75,000 boats being engaged in this industry. Cochin China being one of the greatest rice-producing countries in the world, its principal export is naturally rice ($30,000,000 in 1907). Rice is shipped principally to China, Manila, Japan, France, and other European countries. The other important exports are fish and fish oil ($2,000,000), pepper ($1,385,000), live animals, cotton, gamboge, indigo, hides, silks, and woods (bamboos, iron-wood, rotang, tamarind, etc.). There are some important salt mines at Bien-hoa and Chau-doc; to the last-mentioned Cochin China is indebted for the stone necessary for the construction of roads.
Saigon, the former capital of French Indo-China, is situated on the Saigon River about forty miles from the coast. It has a population of 50,870 inhabitants, of whom 5,000 are French. Owing to the great depth of the river, ships of the largest tonnage can sail upstream to the port of Saigon, from which 824 ships of 1,290,430 tons cleared in 1907. Under the French Saigon has assumed the aspect of a European city. Its streets are wide, well-planned, and decorated with gardens and monuments. It possesses a celebrated collection of the flora and fauna of Indo-China in its botanical and zoological gardens, while its government palace has an architectural fame throughout the Far East. Saigon is one of the seven chartered cities of French Indo-China. The mayor is elected according to a restricted franchise: its Conseil municipal also includes ten French members and four native councillors. Cholon, the chief commercial center (163,000 inhabitants) is situated about four miles to the southwest of Saigon. It is inhabited mainly by the Chinese who, here as elsewhere throughout the peninsula, almost monopolize the commerce. It is the centre of the rice trade, the rice being here prepared and put in sacks. Cholon is connected to the capital by a steam railroad and by an arroyo. The former passes through the celebrated "plain of the Tombs", a vast deserted wilderness of imposing mausoleums and modest tombs. This is the Annamite cemetery, and the mournful appearance of the scene is increased by the treeless and almost verdureless character of the landscape. The Mayor of Cholon, nominated by the Governor-General, is assisted by three deputies—one French, one Annamite, one Chinese — and nine councillors, three being from each of the representative races. The French are nominated by the Lieutenant-General; the Annamite and Chinese by the notables (see below, under Annam) among the inhabitants. Mytho (226,000), the chief town of the homonymous arrondissement, was the ancient capital of the Annamite province of Dinh-Toung. It is situated on the left bank of the northern arm of the Me-kong, at a distance of about 23 miles from the sea and 44 miles from Saigon, with which it is connected by railway and by the boats of the Service des Messageries fluviales. The centre of a rich rice-producing district, it is an important port of call for trading vessels.
Annam, which formerly contained nine of the thirty-one provinces constituting the Annamite Empire—Tong-king being composed of sixteen and Cochin China of six—embraces today twelve provinces, Thanh-hoa, Nghe-an, and Ha-tinh having been added to its territory by the Treaty of 6 June, 1884. Its coastline extends from Cape Bake in the south to Tong-king frontier about twenty-six miles north-east of Thanh-hoa—that is about 810 miles. It is bounded on the north by Tong-king, on the west by Laos — from which it is separated by the Annamite Range—and Cochin China, while on the south and east it is washed by the Sea of China. Of its numberless rivers only the Song-ma and Song-ka, which water the rich alluvial plain in the extreme north of the territory, are of importance. The mountainous region between Annam and Laos — known as the territories of the Mois, Pou-euns, and Phou-tays—are direct dependencies of Annam. The distance between the sea and the foot of the mountains varies from eighteen to fifty miles. The area of Annam is about 52,000 square miles, and its population, according to a recent estimate (1909), 7,096,465 inhabitants. Although the people of the Annamite dependencies are receiving increased attention in recent years, even an approximate estimate of their numbers is impossible; the area of their territories is about 27,000 square miles. Hue, (population 100,000), the capital of Annam, is situated on the left bank of the river of the same name. It has two distinct divisions: the citadel fortified according to plans supplied by French engineers, and occupied by the French and Annamite administrations and French troops, and the districts occupied by the natives. The principal ports in Annam are Turan, Kwi-nhon, and Xuan Day.
While the soil of Annam is most fertile, and admirably adapted to the cultivation of the most varied of crops, its advantages are marred on the one hand by the terrible droughts of the dry season—which, as distinct from the climate of Cochin China, is also its summer—and on the other by the devastating inundations of the rivers which rise in the mountains and hurl themselves after a short course into the sea. At present, although two crops are sown annually, one in every three harvests fails, and the rice produced is insufficient to satisfy local needs. To overcome these obstacles to cultivation, proper systems of irrigation and protective measures against the inundations must be instituted on a large scale. Tea and coffee, the planting of which is a comparatively recent experiment of the Europeans, are now extensively grown, and the excellence of the former leads one to believe that Annam will rapidly develop into a serious rival of India and China in the production of this commodity. The other agricultural products include maize, sugar, potatoes, cotton, earth-nuts, mulberry, ricinus communis (castor-oil plant), indigo, coca, areca-nut, tobacco, and cinnamon. Apart form agriculture the chief industries of Annam are the threshing and winnowing of rice and the extraction of the oil, the shelling of cotton, and the preparation of jute, indigo, and tobacco. Silk is manufactured everywhere, but little pains are taken to produce a high quality. Of more importance is crepon, in the manufacture of which the Annamite excels the Chinese. The river and the sea fishing are both of great importance, dried fish forming an important article of diet here as well as elsewhere in Indo-China. The sugar industry is monopolized by the Chinese. the salt-mines of Kwi-nhon, Phu-yen, Binthuan, and Ha-tinh supply a sufficient surplus over local needs to permit the export of more than 1,000,000 tons of salt yearly. Pure anthracite coal is mined at Nong-son in the province of Turan; the mine is situated about forty miles from the coast on the banks of a river whose mouth is unfortunately obstructed by a bar. Copper mines are found at Duc-bo and gold at Bong-nieu. The latter, which were worked for centuries by the natives, are being at present exploited by a French company. The domestic animals are the buffalo, ox, horse, and pig. In the unpopulated districts of the interior, the tiger, leopard, elephant, stag, peafowl, and numerous species of reptiles abound. The wild game include teal, snipe, wild goose, and quail.
A little space may be devoted to a description of the domestic organization of Annam, which formerly extended (and still extends with modifications, more or less serious) also to the Tong-king and Cochin China. The whole constitution is patriarchal, i.e., the sovereign—the "son of heaven", the "infallible one"—is regarded also as the father and high priest of the community. The emperor thus enjoys at least theoretically absolute authority; his acts may no more be questioned by his subjects, than the actions of parents by their children. He is assisted by a Co-mat, or secret council, without whose advice he gives no important decision. Apart from this idea of absolute authority, rather sentimental than really operative, there is complete equality among registered citizens; all are eligible for public office, and the only social distinctions are the adventitious ones of fortune or office. The inhabitants are divided into two classes: the registered (inscrits, Dzan-bo) and the non-registered (non-inscrits, Dzan-lan). By the latter are meant the citizens who are considered too poor to be placed upon the role of tax-payers. The registered citizens alone enjoy civil rights, and only of their number does the government keep a record. It is on this list of tax-payers that every estimate of the population is based, the ratio between assessable and the non-assessable citizens being accepted as one to fifteen. Only the registered citizens can become "notables" (i.e., hold office). According to the importance of their office, the notables are divided into two classes, major and minor. The notables, who are appointed by their predecessors for a fixed period (though varying in different localities), constitute the Conseil de commune, in which the minor notables may advise but have no vote. In addition to his duties as councillor, each major notable fulfils some special function in the community. The mayor, who is nominated by the major notables, is the only official whose election must be submitted for the sanction of the government. He is neither the head nor president of the council, but merely its agent. It is his duty to execute all the orders of the Government respecting his commune, to collect taxes, and, as chief of the communal police, to bring to justice all delinquents. The constitution of the higher councils is analogous to that of the communal, and their powers are strictly defined by law and custom.
In Annam legislative and judicial powers are never separated. Every legal action, criminal and civil, begins in the commune and is first investigated by the communal administration, which, having heard the evidence, either pronounces sentence, or, if the matter be grave, refers the case to the tribunal of the sub-prefecture or of the prefecture. The competence of every court is carefully defined by Annamite Law. Very grave matters must be referred to the governor of the province, and every penalty of death must receive the emperor's sanction before being put into execution. In civil matters disputes between members of the same family are usually decided by the head of the family, against whose decision there is rarely an appeal.
There are very few countries in which education is held in higher esteem than in Annam, and very few in which the instruction is less scientific and less practical. Almost every village possesses its school, and illiteracy is very rare among the natives. Although all state functions are open to public competition, the instruction is confined to the history, customs, and laws of the country, and to the tenets of Confucianism. Even among the most accomplished there is absolute and universal ignorance of our physical, mathematical, and natural sciences. Although attendance is not compulsory, few children absent themselves from the communal schools kept by private teachers dependent upon the contributions of the parents. Upon leaving the private schools, those who wish to continue their studies attend the district schools, the principals of which are appointed by the state. Provincial examinations (Khoa) are held periodically, and successful students are exempted from portion of the military service.
The Annamite is of low stature, his limbs are short, his body well-made but ungraceful, his hair black and coarse, his mouth big, his lips thick, his nose flat, and his nostrils dilated. His skull is short and rather wide, his cheek-bones protrude, his eyes are lozenge-shaped, his complexion varies from brown to yellow. In Annam both men and women wear their hair rolled up in a chignon, but in Tong-king the women wear their hair in coils around their head. The great blot on the Annamite character is an overpowering tendency towards deceit and dishonesty, which Christianity — as attested by hostile French officials—has done much to remove. In general sober and industrious, the Annamite is greatly attached to his family and his home, and, though naturally of a gentle and timid disposition, exhibits on occasion a courageous scorn of death. Devoted to song, poetry, the theatre, and feasts, his literature is composed mainly of ballads, dramas, romance, and legends—almost all of which are borrowed from the religious traditions of the Khmers— and countless philosophical treatises. Although theoretically Annamites, as Buddhists, should not believe in a God (at least in the Western acceptation of the term) they pray to Ong-phat (the Supreme Being), the Governor of the World, whose image one remarks on the altar at the hearth in almost every home. Nor are they free from superstition, maleficent genii dominating even the most highly educated. Today, indeed, the absolute idea of the Buddhist nirvana exercises as little influence among the masses of the people as Confucianism does among the rich. The real religion of the Annamite is ancestor-worship. Every house has its altar consecrated to the ancestors, before which on fixed occasions (e.g., the beginning of the new year, on the anniversaries of the deaths of his paternal ancestors for four generations) the head of the family prostrates himself in the presence of all his kinsmen, and on which he burns offerings of wine, rice, and odiferous twigs. These ceremonies are performed in the morning, when the manes are supposed to arrive, and again in the evening, when they take their departure. At Tet—the beginning of the year—they are performed on three consecutive days. In rich families, a certain portion of their property is reserved for the necessities of this worship, and the greatest concern of the Annamite is to leave a son—since females are ineligible to officiate—to discharge his obsequial honours.
Polygamy is recognized by Annamite law, but the first wife alone is married officially and with all the formal rites. Should the first wife die, the husband may take another official wife, even though he has wives of second rank still living. On the death of the husband, the whole management of the family devolves upon the official wife, except in the matter of the sacrifices, which are performed by the eldest son. Even on his marriage the son seldom leaves the house of his parents; to leave home without his father's permission is contrary at once to the laws consecrated by custom and those enacted by the State. It is this very principal which constitutes the sharp distinction between Annamite and Western legislation. To the Annamite legislator, individuals and their interests are no concern—the defence and preservation of these he leaves to the family and the commune. The office of the laws of Annam is to watch over the family and society, to secure obedience to the parental and royal authority.
Tong-king is bounded on the north and north-east by China, on the east by the Gulf of Tong-king, on the south by Annam, and on the west by Laos. Its area is about 43,600 square miles; its population is estimated variously between ten and fifteen millions. Its surface may be divided into three distinct sections: (1) the flat alluvial plain (the Delta) to the south and east, which constitutes about one-seventh of the total surface; (2) an intermediate plateau of about 15,000 square miles, and (3) the mountainous and mineral region bordering China. The Delta, which alone contains about 10,000,000 inhabitants, is the great centre of industry, and, both in the fertility of its soil and in the number of its waterways, bears a striking resemblance to Cochin China. The principal rivers are the Song-koi (Red River) which rises in Yu-nan, and its two great tributaries, the Song-lo and the Song-bo (the Clear and the Black River). Linked by a myriad of canals and arroyos, these afford an easy, if slow means of communication between the various commercial centres, but their utility is greatly impaired by the violence of their currents during the wet season, and by the bars, shelving ridges, and shallows, which obstruct their courses. The remarkable absence of large trees in the Delta is attributable to the typhoons; the great forests of the interior are practically unexploited owing to the lack of proper means of transport. It is a noteworthy fact, for which no scientific explanation seems yet forthcoming, that along the coast of Tong-king there is but one tide daily for the greater portion of the year. This is believed to be the only part of the world where this phenomenon occurs.
As elsewhere in Indo-China, rice is the principal crop. It gives two harvests annually, but periodical failures, here as in Annam, contrast unfavourably with the constancy of the harvests in Cochin China. Maize, sugar-cane, buckwheat, millet, sorgho, and tea are also extensively cultivated. All the European vegetables thrive in the country, and experimental plantations of coffee have met with a most gratifying success. The gardens surrounding the villages are filled with banana, orange, papaw, tamarind, cinnamon, and pine-apple trees. Cotton and mulberry trees are cultivated everywhere along the banks of the rivers, while the cultivation of jute has greatly increased of recent years. Some of the mines of Tong-king are of great importance, although the disturbed history of the country has prevented their development. Along the coast is a large base of anthracite of excellent quality, which is at present being worked at Hongay and on the island of Ke-bao. The mountainous regions contain almost every variety of mineral, but little attempt has yet been made to exploit them. Lead, argentiferous copper, sulfur, tin, cinnabar and nitre have received attention; the gold-mines, however, are almost abandoned, and on the silver and iron mines work has ceased.
Although the administration of Tong-king bears a great resemblance to that of Annam, there are some marked differences, all tending to inflate the influence of France. In Tong-king the office of France is not confined to a general direction of the central government and public services as in Annam: the Treaty of 1884 entitles her to appoint, side by side with Annamite functionaries, residents in all important centres where their presence should be deemed desirable. Although these officials take no part in the details of the local administration, they control the acts of the district mandarins, and thus have virtual direction of the political, judicial, and financial administration of the interior. Hanoi (106,260), the chief town of Tong-king, replaced Saigon as capital of French Indo-China on 1 January 1902. It is situated on the right bank of the Song-koi, about eighty miles from the coast. Founded during the early centuries of our era, it was until recently little more than a collection of native villages. Rid today of the marshes which disfigured it, it is rapidly becoming a charming town. Its green lawns, luxuriant shrubberies, and quaint intermixture of native and European building form a pleasing frame to the celebrated Pagoda of Vong-dinh. The railroad from Hanoi to Haiphong passes over the huge bridge across the Song-koi. In view of the extreme fierceness of the river during the period of the floods, this bridge (about 1.25 miles in length) must be regarded as a triumph of engineering skill. Haiphong, the principal commercial port of Tong-king, is situated at the confluence of the Cua-cam and Song-tam-bac, about twenty miles from the coast. Vessels of more than twenty feet draught can cross the bar only at high tide. When Haiphong was conceded to France by Annam in 1874, the town was only a small native market; today it is a prosperous city of over 20,000 inhabitants. Hanoi and Haiphong are both incorporated cities administered by a mayor and municipal council. Besides the mayor, who is appointed by the Governor-General, each council contains fourteen members—ten elected by French residents and naturalized citizen of France and four by notables. At Hanoi the four native councillors must be Annamite; at Haiphong, two are Annamite and two Chinese.
Cambodia, the centre of the ancient Khmer empire, is bounded on the north and northwest by Siam and the Laos territories; on the east by Annam; on the south by Cochin China; on the southwest by the Gulf of Siam. To celebrate the restoration of the provinces of Battambang and Siem-reap—in which territory stand the famous ruins of Angkor, the capital of the Khmer Empire—the Conseil Supérieur met at Pnom-penh in December, 1907, on which occasion King Sisowath declared the deep debt of gratitude which Cambodia owed to France. The area of Cambodia is about 37,500 square miles; it population is estimated at from 1,500,000 to 2,500,000. The population of Cambodia is almost entirely confined to the vicinity of the ports and the banks of the rivers. The country is covered with immense forests yielding gamboge, gumlake, and cinnamon, and frequented by elephants, tigers, and countless other species of wild game. From the elevated regions of the western territory rush down impetuous torrents, which on reaching the plain, develop into great rivers, and after a short course enter the sea or the Me-kong. The chief agricultural products are rice, cotton, areca-nut, indigo, mulberry, cardimoms, and pepper. Successful experiments within late years have been made in tea and coffee plantation. Fishing is an important industry in the country—not alone for the fish ascending the Me-kong and along the coasts, but also for mother-of-pearl and holothures. The little port of Ha-tien has become the central market of the mother-of-pearl industry, which is practically monopolized by the Annamites. The silks woven by the Cambodia women according to a method inherited from a long-past civilization are much sought after. Cambodia possesses iron, gold, and sapphire mines, still in general waiting development. Being a maritime country, it has a brisk commerce. This is almost entirely in the hands of the Chinese, who import European produce, and export rice, pepper, mother-of-pearl, shells, and silk. Jet is found on the island of Fu-kwok; of this the natives make charming trinkets mounted on gold, which have a brisk demand.
Cambodia is divided into fifty-seven provinces, and the administration differs little from that of Tong-king. Pnom-penh (population 50,000) on the right bank of the Me-kong is the capital of the country and the seat of the royal residence. Its mayor is always chosen by the Governor-General from the ranks of the higher civil servants of Indo-China. The municipal council also includes five French and three Asiatic (Cambodian, Annamite, and Chinese) councillors, all of whom are appointed by the Resident Superior on the recommendation of the mayor. Kampot, situated opposite the island of Fu-kwok, is an important port-of-call for coast-traders. Situated near the northern shore of Tonli Sap in the midst of dense forests are the ruins of Angkor Thom (great Angkor) once the capital of the Khmer empire. Its former extent can be traced from the remains of the fortification, fifty feet broad and thirty feet high, and from the ditch 380 feet wide, which surround the ruins. There were once four entrances to the town, across bridges supported by gigantic statues. Within the walls still remain superb palaces, bastions, terraces, a glorious temple of three stories with concentric galleries, above which rise forty-two turrets (covered like the walls with delicate carvings, and a central tower 130 feet high, looming above the central colonnades. Between these ruins and the lake stands the temple of Angkor-Wat, perhaps the vastest and most glorious monument raised by the hand of man in the Far East. It is constructed with massive blocks of sand-stone, many weighing more than eight tons and fitted together with the greatest accuracy although no cement was used. The surrounding galleries, the towers, the gigantic and seemingly endless stair cases, the square and round columns are covered with carvings rivalling the most beautiful remains of Hindoo art (cf. Clifford, "Further India". pp. 146-66. It is impossible to fix definitely the date at which this temple was built, but we may assume that its erection must have occurred during the golden period of the Khmer power and civilization. Whether the temple was consecrated to Buddha, or whether the sanctuary in the central tower, ornamented with gigantic statues looking towards the cardinal points contained an enormous lingam is also disputed, but in view of the numerous lingams found in various parts of Cambodia, the latter opinion is more probable.
The Cambodians or Khmers, although their type is in general greatly modified by intermarriage with other races, still preserve the Aryan characteristics. Taller than the Annamite or Thai, their eyes are rarely oblique, their nose is straight and, though their complexion is now yellow, they preserve their agglutinative or polysyllabic language intact in the midst of races speaking isolating or monosyllabic tongues. Though lazy, given to opium-smoking, and unfit for almost any employment, they have, apart from their mysterious and glorious past, a great attraction for the sociological student, owing to their gentleness, courtesy. loyalty, and their native pride which makes them prefer to submit to any misery rather than labour for another. They practice Buddhism slightly tinged with Brahmanism. Very superstitious, they believe that the noise of trumpets drives away evil genii, and that a man seen in an open country silhouetted against the sky above the horizon is doomed to an early death. Attached to each pagoda is a college of bonzes, who are highly esteemed by every class. The bonzes are easily distinguished from the rest of the people by their shaven heads and yellow robes; they are bound to celibacy, live in community, and depend for their sustenance on the rice they receive each day ready-cooked in the villages. At definite periods they assemble the men in the pagoda and read from the sacred books, written in a language not seldom unintelligible to both reader and audience. Besides the religious books and romances concerning the past existences of the Buddha, the libraries connected to the pagodas contain ancient works dealing with astrology, chiromancy, the vulgar Cambodian tongue, and Pali, together with works on education and historical treatises unfortunately relating only to recent times. The bonzes are also the teachers of the Cambodian youth, and the only teaching body in the kingdom, excepting of course the Catholic orders. The Khmer are monogamous and greatly attached to their families. Marriages, religious ceremonies, the celebration of the first day of the year, the ceremony of the first cutting of the hair, which occupies an important place in the social life, are all occasions of great rejoicing. The theatre is the great national amusement, from the Royal Theatre at Pnom-penh to the little travelling shows which play under the palm or fruit-tree. The parts are enacted by little girls of about fourteen, dressed in costumes exactly like those seen on the bas-reliefs of the ancient ruins.
The principalities of the Laos or Lawa nation included at the most flourishing period of its history the whole valley of the Me-kong from China to Cambodia, the upper basin of the Me-nam, and portion of the basin of the Salwin. Today its extent is confined to the valley of the Me-nam (Western Laos) which is subject to Siam, and the valley of the Me-kong (Eastern Laos) which, being under the protection of France, alone concerns us in the present article. French Laos is bordered by China on the north, by Tong-king and the Annamite Range on the east, by Cambodia on the south, while on the west it is separated from the Siamese and British territories by the Me-kong, except that a narrow strip of country on the right bank of the Me-kong and to the west of Luang Prabang, averaging about fifty miles in breadth, is included in French Laos. Within these limits Laos has an area of 98,000 square miles, and a population of perhaps 1,000,000. The whole north of the country is occupied by a lofty and compact group of mountains, between ridges of which the Me-kong has hollowed out a narrow and rocky course. About 18° north latitude, the basin widens and the river thenceforth pursues its course through undulating plains which keep on enlarging until the delta is reached. The whole country is covered by an immense forest, which covers the sides of the mountains, crowns their summits, descends into the deep gorges, and stretches over the plains. Almost every genus of trees grows on this wonderfully fertile soil. Teak, benzoin, cinnamon, gamboge and cardamom are furnished by the plains, while the higher altitudes supply varieties of oak, chestnut, elms, and other tress, usually associated with countries in a more northern latitude.
The Laotians have established themselves in little villages along the banks of the rivers. Their plantations of cabbage-palm, bananas, and cocoa-trees stand out in welcome relief from the gloomy background of the forest. In these little settlements, rescued from the forests, the cultivation of rice occupies the foremost place. Buckwheat, potatoes, peaches, pears, prunes, and various other fruits are also grown. Tea is produced in considerable quantities and, as an indication of its unrivalled quality, it may be mentioned that here are grown the famous teas reserved for the Emperor of China. Laos possesses no coast-line, but its river-fishing is of great importance. The Me-kong yields a gigantic fish, called by the natives the pla-beuk, which, when dried, forms an important element of the native dietary. Another industry of the Laotians is the raising of cattle and buffaloes for the Cambodian and Siamese markets. Laos contains some important iron mines exploited by the natives; deposits of sapphire, copper, and gold are very numerous—gold being also found in the beds of various streams. Sulphurous thermal springs abound in the country, and there are several notable salt-mines. Many concessions have been recently given to French mining-companies, but progress at present is greatly retarded due to the almost inaccessible position of the country for commercial purposes. The construction of the long-canvassed railroad to connect Laos with the coast would afford the country an opportunity for competing in the outer markets, but a tremendous development of the country would have to be effected before a line, presenting so many engineering difficulties, could be a financial success. The government of Laos is directed by a French administrator in the name of the king; six-thirteenths of the administration is borne by Cochin China, five-thirteenths by Annam-Tong-king, and two-thirteenths by Cambodia.
The Laotine is taller than the Annamite, and more graceful if less robust. His forehead is high and narrow, his face long and oval, his complexion varies from yellow to brown. His eyes in general have the obliquity characteristic of so many Far Eastern races, his hair is straight and black, and he seldom wears moustache or beard. Light-hearted and indolent he limits his exertions to such as are indispensable at the moment, the fertile and inexhaustible soil of his smiling valleys making all serious struggle unnecessary. The men work but six months of the year, during which they prepare the rice fields, fish, hunt, or ply on the great river their trim pirogues, guiding them with a careless skill through the most dangerous rapids. The reminder of the year is spent peacefully in the midst of their families, and all labour is thrown henceforth exclusively on the women, without, however, lessening to any degree their imperturbable gaiety. In the Laotine home a word of anger, a dispute is unknown; the gravest misfortunes are accepted in a spirit of quiet resignation, the outcome equally of the attractive disposition and the religious beliefs of the people. It is at Luang Prabang, the residence of the king and the French administrator, that Laotine life may be seen under the most favorable conditions. Situated in the midst of lofty mountains clad with primeval forests, life in this town is one endless succession of promenades, choral entertainments in the cool of the evening, dances, theatres, regattas, etc. The old capital, Vien-tien, destroyed by the Siamese in 1828, is already overgrown with jungle. Apart from its historical associations it contains today nothing to attract the visitor save the remains of the palace and a pagoda, which for beauty of architecture and originality of ornamentation are still unrivalled in Laos. For the Catholic Vien-tien possesses a further interest as the scene of the first attempt to preach Christianity in the then-extensive Kingdom of Laos. The Portuguese Jesuit, Giovanni Maria Leria, preached the Gospel here for five years, until, in consequence of the violent opposition of the bonzes, he was compelled to leave in December, 1647.
In Laos as in Annam, Buddhism, though its tenets have somewhat tinged popular beliefs, can no longer be regarded as the popular religion. Its philosophy, scarcely understood by a few bonzes and educated laity, is a mystery to the mass of the population. The Laotine of the present day is a nature-worshipper and a fatalist. Pha ya gnom phi ban, the great chief of the Phi-ba (or genii), watches over all beings on this earth, and each day sends his emissaries to distribute illness and health to men in accordance with the decrees fixed from all eternity. With a curious disregard for consistency in his fatalism, the Laotine believes that these phis, the immediate cause of all good and evil, are accessible to prayer. The supposed intervention of these occult powers is sufficient explanation for every natural phenomenon. If a native falls ill and ordinary medicines fail, the phis are the cause and the sorcerer alone can save the invalid. The sorcerer consulted proceeds, after certain proscribed prayers, to half-bury an egg in a bowl of rice. Some additional grains are then let fall on the egg, and the even or odd number remaining thereon is conclusive proof of the presence or otherwise of the phi in the invalid's body. If present, the phi is questioned in the same manner as to his wishes. Is it the sacrifice of a buffalo or a pig that he desires? According to Laotine belief, spirits are everywhere, and one must exercise the greatest care to preserve health and life. The Ngnuoc lies in wait for boatmen who fail to discharge their debt of prayers and offerings; the Phi-pet and the Phi-loc infest the villages; the Phi-huen can be prevented from entering the house and insinuating themselves into the bodies of the owners only by daily offerings of water and rice placed on the little altars built for the purpose near the huts. In Laos there are certain men—the Phi-pop—who are supposed to communicate with the demons and have marvelous powers of making themselves invisible, introducing evil genii into the bodies of men to consume their vitals, etc. Once suspected of belonging to this class, a native is no longer tolerated in the village, but is banished to one of the numerous hamlets especially reserved for the Phi-pop and avoided by all travellers. Although amulets are common in Laos. There are seldom worn on the person. The retailing of the teeth of a boar, horns of a stag, and religious verses as amulets, is an important prerequisite of the bonzes.
According to the terms of the Franco-Chinese Convention of 10 April, 1989, China agreed to lease to France a bay on its southern coast, and granted to the latter country, among other concessions, permission to build a railway—at present in course of construction—from Tong-king to Yun-nan. The group of little islands at the entrance to the bay were ceded to France in August, 1899, the total French territory having now an area of about 200 square miles and a population of 180,000. The bay is situated near Hai-nan Strait, about 200 miles west-south-west of Hong-kong. It has two narrow, easily defended entrances, is about twenty miles in length, and is perfectly sheltered from storms. A large river empties itself into the bay, and on its bank stands the town of Chek-hem, an important commercial center with an extensive coast-trade. The imports include cotton yarns, cotton, and opium; the principals exports are earth-nuts, mats, sacks, and sails. As the possession of the bay includes the control of the prefectures of Lei-chau, Lien-chau, and Ka-chau, the whole peninsula of Lei-chau is under French influence.
There are numerous references to Indo-China — the classical Chryse, i.e., the Golden Island, as it was first esteemed, or the Golden Chersonese—in early Western literature. In the "Antiquities of the Jews", Josephus identifies it with the Ophir from which Solomon drew his stores of gold. Cosmas Indicopleustes, the Alexandrian monk, visited it between 530 and 550, and was the first to spread clear ideas concerning the relative positions of it and other countries of the Far East. We owe much of our earliest information concerning the customs of the natives to blessed Odoric of Pordone, a Franciscan who journeyed through the East between 1318 and 1330. But it was only after Vasco da Gama had doubled the Cape of Good Hope in 1497 that regular communication between the West and the Far East was made possible, and the work of evangelization could begin in earnest.
The appearance of Christianity in Indo-China may fitly be dated from the beginning of the sixteenth century, when it was preached by some Portuguese missionaries. The early missions do not seem to have made much impression on the natives, owing perhaps to the great hatred of Europeans infused into the Easterners by the cruelties of the Portuguese filibusters, but on the arrival of Jesuit missionaries in the early decades of the seventeenth century Christianity began at once to make rapid headway. Both in Cochin China and in Tong-king the Jesuits worked with incredible zeal from 1618. Between 1627 and 1620 Fathers Alexander de Rhodes and Antoine* Marquez of the French Province converted over 6,000, including numerous bonzes, who, during the temporary expulsion of the Jesuits dictated by the fear of their wonderful success, kept alive the Faith. So rapidly did the Christian community increase that in 1659 the spiritual administration of Tong-king and Cochin China was entrusted to Mgr. Pallu and Mgr. de la Motte-Lambert, the first vicars Apostolic of the Society of Foreign Missions. Under their direction, parishes were established, seminaries were built, and many foundations of the Amantes de la Croix (i.e., Votaries of the Cross) instituted. Recognizing that amicable relations with a Catholic country could not fail to inculcate a deeper respect for and knowledge of Christianity, Mgr. Pallu's great ambition was to establish commercial relations between France and Tong-king. in 1672, he urged Colbert, the French minister, to establish a French counting-house in the latter country, and later petitioned Louis XIV to use his influence to prevail on King Le-hi-tong to allow the freedom of Christian worship. Louis dispatched a letter accompanied by presents to the Annamite monarch, in which he made overtures for a commercial agreement between the countries, described the beauty and grandeur of the Christian Faith, and urged the king to protect and embrace it. Although Louis' mission did not effect the removal of the interdiction of Catholic worship, it secured for the Christians a few years of comparative peace, and the cessation of the many annoyances caused them by the avaricious and spiteful mandarins. In 1678 the Vicariate Apostolic of Tong-king was divided into two vicariates, those of eastern and western Tong-king; the former was entrusted to the Spanish Dominicans who were destined later to bear the brunt of the terrible persecutions, and the latter to the Society of Foreign Missions. The rapidly growing religious influence soon led to a renewal of persecution, and for over 100 years the missionaries had to contend with every imaginable obstacle. Banished repeatedly from the country, they had scarcely lost sight of the shore before they turned their ships toward land again. Their single-minded, unremitting zeal during this period presents none of those striking situations which constitute the framework of history; it was only when the day of active persecution later called for martyrs, and thousands of Annamites—a race whose name has become a byeword for fickleness—gladly laid down their lives for the Faith, that we recognize how exceedingly fruitful had been the ministry of those hidden apostles.
On 2 November, 1741, was born at Béhaine, France, a man who was destined to influence profoundly the whole subsequent religious and secular history of Indo-China. This was Pierre-Joseph Pigneaux. After the usual preparation for the priesthood, he set out for the Far East in 1765, and there displayed such zeal that in 1771 he was named Vicar Apostolic of Cochin China and Bishop of Adran. On one of his journeys through his spiritual dependencies, he met Nguyen-an, then a fugitive from the rebellious Tay-shons. A friendship having quickly sprung up between the bishop and the exiled prince, who had already spent years of fruitless effort in trying to recover his lost kingdom, Mgr. Pigneaux offered to enlist the help of France against the Tay-shons. Nguyen-an accepted the proposal, and entrusted his young son, and the grand seal of Cambodia to the bishop to serve as his credentials at the French court. Without delay Mgr. Pigneaux set out for France and, as plenipotentiary of the Annamite prince, signed a convention on 28 November, 1787, according to which France was to assist Nguyen-an to recover his throne, and was to receive in return the Port of Turan and the Island of Poulo-Condore, as well as the exclusive privilege of trading with Cochin China. Assured of French assistance, the bishop returned to his vicariate, but on his arrival was dismayed to find that France had—owing probably to the terrible crisis at home—entirely abandoned its project of aiding Nguyen-an. Setting out immediately for Pondicherry, Mgr. Pigneaux succeeded in prevailing on 20 officers and about 500 men to accompany him. Thanks to this assistance of the force—far from insignificant when contrasted with the badly armed, ill-disciplined Annamites—Nguyen-an succeeded not only in recovering his lost territories in Cochin China, but in making himself emperor of Annam.
Christianity made wonderful progress throughout the Annamite Empire during the reign of Gia-long (Nguyen-an), as if in preparation for future trials. In 1819, the Christian community included 4 bishops, 25 European and 180 native priests, 1000 catechists, and 1500 nuns. Gia-long was succeeded by the cruel and profligate Minh-mang (1820-41), who immediately manifested his fierce hatred of Christianity. Having dismissed M. Chaigneau, the French Consul and Gia-long's trusted friend, he engaged on a campaign to obliterate every vestige of Christianity within his realms. He first issued an order excluding all new missionaries and summoning all those already in the country to appear at court, believing that the flock, deprived of its pastors, would disperse. His object was, however, defeated at once by the zeal of the missionaries, who regardless of personal danger neglected the decree, and by the venality of the mandarins who, granted that sufficient bribes were forthcoming, were always willing to close their eyes when new missionaries arrived in port. The advocacy of the Viceroy of Cochin China, an old soldier of Gia-long who fearlessly remonstrated with Minh-mang for his persecution of the missionaries to whom his father owed his throne, prevented the emperor from adopting more serious measures for a time, but the viceroy's death in 1832 was quickly followed by the edict of 6 January, 1833. This ordered all Christians to renounce their Faith, and in token of the sincerity of their recantation, to trample the crucifix underfoot. All churches and religious houses were to be razed to the ground, and teachers of Christianity to be treated with the utmost rigour. In 1836, all ports were closed to Europeans except Turan, and penalty of death pronounced against priests. Ships coming to port were submitted to a rigid examination, and all officials were commanded under threat of the severest penalties to hunt down the missionaries, for which duty special troops were also appointed. A secret clause of the edict ordered the immediate dispatch of all priests to the capital. These edicts were the signal for the start of a persecution which, with short intermissions, lasted for fifty years.
In 1833 Father Gaglin, Pro-vicar of Cochin China, was arrested and beheaded. Father Marchand was sentence in 1835 to "the one hundred wounds", Father Cornay to dismemberment in 1837. Martyrdom awaited Mgr. Boray in 1838, in which year Bishop Delgado, then in his eighty-four year, died in prison, his coadjutor (aged eighty-one) being executed with numerous Dominicans and native Christians. In 1840 Father Delamotte died in prison. Flying from place to place to administer the consolation of religion and to instruct their spiritual children, the intrepid missionaries managed to keep the lamp of Faith burning during this terrible period. No little credit is due to the fidelity of the natives to their pastors; regardless of danger, they sheltered the proscribed priests, escorted them by concealed paths to their next place of hiding and ministry, and though the prisons were filled with Christians, cases of apostasy were extremely rare. Even the unfortunate Christians, who, subjected to horrible tortures, renounced their religion, seized in almost every instance the first opportunity to become reconciled with the Church, which only physical weakness had led them to forsake.
The persecution abated somewhat on the death of Minh-mang in 1841. The new emperor, Tien-tri (1841-7), had not the energy of his predecessors, and was in addition sobered by the English successes in China and the threat of France to intervene if the persecution continued. In 1844, Cochin China was divided into the Vicariates Apostolic of Eastern and Western Cochin China, while in 1846 the Vicariates Apostolic of Western and Southern Tong-king replaced the ancient Vicariate of Western Tong-king. Cambodia and the northern provinces of Cochin China were formed into new vicariates in 1850. The accession of Tu-duc in 1848 was followed quickly by an edict setting a price on the heads of the missionaries. In 1851 a second edict was issued, accusing the Christians of conspiracy against the emperor, and ordering the European priests to be cast into the sea or rivers, and the native priests to be cut in two. The first result of this sanguinary edict was the decapitation of Fathers Augustin Schoffler (1851) and Bonnard (1852). In 1855 a universal proscription of Christians was issued; Christian mandarins were commanded to abjure the Faith within a month, all others within six months, while a reward of $480 was offered for the detention of each European, and $160 for the detention of each native priest. The persecution was now renewed with increased fury, and at last Napoleon III determined to intervene. The ships, however, which accompanied the French convoys, were separated in a storm, and thus deprived of the force necessary to impress the native potentate, the embassy failed to achieve anything tangible. Before departing, M. de Montigny, the French plenipotentiary, was seized with the unlucky thought of threatening Annam with French vengeance, if the execution of Christians continued. This only left the Annamite authorities of suspecting the Christians of having invited French intervention, and thenceforth a political motive for persecution was added to the religious one. On 20 July, 1856, Father Tru was beheaded, and the general massacre of Christians began. The Spanish bishop, Mgr. Diaz, was executed in 1857; in January, 1858, a town occupied by the Christians was set aflame, and all the inhabitants butchered. Roused by the slaughter of their countrymen, France and Spain took action in autumn of 1858 to demand redress for the violence committed against the Christians of the Annamite Empire (then estimated at 600,000). On 31 August, 1858, the joint expedition under Vice-admiral Rigault de Genouilly and Colonel Lanzanrote seized Turan, and defied every attempt of the Annamites to dislodge them. Having vainly awaited reinforcements for some months, Genouilly, finding that sickness was decimating his troops, changed his tactics, sailed southwards, and seized Saigon in early 1859, but, through lack of proper forces, was again prevented from pressing his advantage home. Seeing no opportunity for reinforcements, since France was fully occupied with the war against Italy, Genouilly retained only the fort to the south of Saigon, sailed back to Turan, and resumed possession of that town.
The persecution meanwhile raged with unabated vigour: Bishop Hermosilla, and three other Spanish bishops, twenty-eight Dominicans, and thousands of Christians were tortured and executed. Two other European priests, who had been imprisoned and tortured, were only saved from execution by the Peace of June, 1862. But perhaps the greatest glory of this self-sacrificing mission lies in the number of native Christians who joyfully laid down their lives for the Faith. Within the space of a little more than four years (1957-62), the list of martyrs included 115 Annamite priests (one-third of the native clergy), 100 Annamite nuns, and more than 500 of the faithful. This list of executions gives only a faint idea of the horrors of the time. All the prisons were filled with confessors of the Faith; eighty convents and almost one hundred towns, the centres of the Christian community, were razed to the ground, and their inhabitants scattered throughout the land. According to the most conservative estimated, of the 300,000 Christians thus dispersed, about 40,000 died of ill-treatment, starvation, and unheard-of miseries, while all the possessions of the remainder were confiscated.
The Peace of 1862, which brought to a close this terrible period, was in no way due to a change in Tu-duc's feelings, but entirely to his fear, lest the revolutionary party which had taken up arms in Tong-king, should secure the support of France. According to this treaty, Annam ceded to France the southern provinces of Cochin China (Bien-hoa, Saigon, and Mytho), paid an indemnity of $4,000,000 to France and Spain, and guaranteed freedom of religious worship, provided that no compulsion should be used to force the natives to become Christians against their will — a strange proviso, in view of the "compulsion" which had been used during the preceding years. Relieved of the ban of proscription, and fertilized by the blood of so many martyrs, the missions began again to yield abundant fruit. The fearlessness shown by the Christians in the face of torture and death had greatly impressed the natives, who, seeing that converts were no longer viewed with marked displeasure by the administration, now hastened to seek instruction in the Christian Faith. In 1865 the baptisms of adults numbered 1365; in 1869 the number baptized was 4005. A still greater number of Annamites came to the missionaries, and, while declaring that they themselves were too old to change their religion, begged that their children might be received into the Church. In 1863 Mgr. Miche used his influence with King Norodum of Cambodia to bring about the treaty, according to which Cambodia placed itself under the protection of France.
While the Christians in the South were thus enjoying complete freedom from interference, their brethren in other regions of the Annamite Empire were not equally favoured. Removed from the centre of French power in the peninsula, they were subjected to many molestations and annoyances owing to the hatred of the mandarins. The ill-feeling among the pagan natives culminated in the assassination of Francis Garnier and four companions by the Black Flags on 21 December, 1873. Fearful of the consequences, the mandarins had already yielded to the influence of Mgr. Puginier and Mgr. Sohier, and expressed their readiness to sign a convention guaranteeing the security of Christians and foreigners, when a letter was received from M. Philastre, French inspector of Native Affairs at Saigon, ordering the suspension of all negotiations until his arrival. Disregarding every dictate of prudence and the reiterated warning and entreaties of Mgr. Puginier, this functionary ordered the immediate evacuation of Tong-king, and thus made France break faith with the huge body of Christians, who had accepted Garnier's proposals, and had promised to assist France in its endeavour to secure liberty of worship and civil recognition for Christians. Misinterpreting the French departure for weakness, as Mgr. Puginier had foreseen, the pagans now prepared to surfeit their hatred against the Christians. The whole vicariate of Western Tong-king was completely wrecked; that of Southern Tong-king was left a heap of ruins. In view of this system of universal butchery the missionaries had given the faithful permission to take up arms, when the persecution came to an abrupt close in a remarkable manner. In the Province of Nghe-an (Northern Annam), one of the periodic local revolts, with which Annamite history is littered, had assumed threatening proportions: the royal forces had been signally defeated in several enhancements, a large tract of country had within a short period fallen into the hands of the rebels, and it needed only the defection of certain high dignitaries, then wavering in their allegiance, to assure the complete success of the revolution. In this crisis the mandarins hastened to summon to the defense of legitimate authority the Christians, whom they had but a few days before delivered over to massacre and pillage. Reinforced by the Catholics, the regular army defeated the rebels in several successive engagements, and quickly restored tranquility throughout the territories. On 15 March, 1874, a new treaty was signed between France and Annam, which guaranteed explicitly religious freedom and the safety of the missionaries. All enactments against the Christians were annulled; perfect liberty was accorded to the Annamites to embrace and practice Christianity; religion was to form no obstacle to public employment; all terms and phrases in public codes etc., objectionable to Catholics, were to be removed; priests and bishops were accorded unrestricted freedom to move about the empire without being subjected to interrogation or espionage; all confiscated property, not yet occupied, was to be restored to its Christian owners.
From 1874 to 1882 the Christians enjoyed a period of relative peace, but in the latter year the mandarins had begun to act with such an absolute disregard for the treaty that France was once more compelled to intervene. Finding it impossible to secure any satisfactory agreement from the mandarins, Commander Riviére seized the citadel of Hanoi 25 April, and then occupied Nam-dinh, but was slain in an engagement with the Black Flags on 19 May. On 26 May Father Becket and numbers of his catechists and flock were decapitated by the Annamites. A proposal in the Council to decree of general massacre of Christians was vetoed by Tu-duc. This was one of the Annamite monarch's last important acts, and contrasted favourable with his general policy throughout his long reign (1847-1883). Stirred now from its inaction, France dispatched strong reinforcements under General Bouet and General Courbet. The bombardment of Thuan-an and the capture of Hue led to the Treaty of 25 August, 1883. As, however, the Black Flags still continued to massacre and pillage about Hanoi, Admiral Courbet proceeded against Son-tai, and, despite its desperate defense, captured the town on 17 December. To avenge themselves for their defeats the Annamite authorities forthwith declared a general massacre of Christians. Troops were dispersed throughout the country to rob, burn, pillage, slay, and leave no trace of Christianity in the land. The French troops meanwhile gained victory after victory: Bac-ninh, Kep, Thai-nguyen, and Hung-hao were successively captured and on 2 June, 1884, a treaty was signed promising indemnity for the Christians, and a general amnesty for those who had assisted France. But the ambuscade laid by the Annamites and the Chinese for the French at Bac-le (24 June, 1884) indicated clearly what confidence could be reposed in Annamite faith. France at once attacked China, annihilated the Chinese fleet, bombarded Fou-chou, and blockade Formosa. Such salutary terror did this prompt action cause the Chinese authority that they hastened to conclude peace on 9 June, 1885. The Franco-Annamite Treaty of 1884 was ratified on 23 February, 1886. Annam became a French protectorate, and the influence which China had exercised over its affairs for more than 400 years came to an end.
A detailed description of the sufferings of the missions during the "Great Massacres" cannot be attempted here. The following figures given in Piolet (op. cit. infra, II, pp. 470-1) will sufficiently indicate the ruthlessness of the butchery and the fierce determination of the Annamite authorities to destroy every vestige of the Christian faith. In Eastern Cochin China the martyrs included 15 priests (7 native), 60 catechists, 270 nuns, 24,000 Christians (out of 41, 234); all the charitable institutions and ecclesiastical buildings of the mission—including the episcopal curia, churches, presbyteries, 2 seminaries, a printing establishment, 17 orphanages, 10 convents, and 225 chapels — were destroyed. In Southern Cochin China 10 native priests and 8585 Christians were massacred in the Province of Quang-tri alone—the two remaining provinces supplied hundreds of martyrs; two-thirds of the churches, presbyteries, etc. of the mission were pillaged and burned. In the Mission of Southern Tong-king, 163 churches were burned; 4799 Catholics were executed, while 1181 died of hunger and misery. These figures apply only to the year 1885; in 1883-4 eight French missionaries, one native priest, 63 catechists and 400 Christians were massacred in Western Tong-king, while 10,000 Catholics only saved themselves by flight. The carnage extended even to the remote forests of Laos, where seven missionaries, several native priests, and thousands of Catholics were butchered.
Present Condition of the Catholic Church in French Indo-China
Although but twenty-five years have elapsed since it had to endure a persecution, unparalleled since the fiercest days of the Reformation, the Catholic Church has never been in so flourishing a condition in Indo-China as it is today (1910). Beginning with 5287 conversions of adults in 1887, the annual figure mounted rapidly and steadily, and averages at present about fifty thousand. It will be instructive to set down here the latest statistics (at the beginning of 1909) for the twelve vicariates apostolic, at the same time warning the reader that the vicariates are not to be taken as conterminous with the geographical territories suggested by their their names.
(1) Western Cochin-China: vicar, Mgr. Mossard, titular Bishop of Medea (residence, Saigon); total population, 1,566,000; Catholics, 63,640; catechumens, 1600; priests, 134 (58 European); 50 catechists; 2 seminaries with 122 students; 72 Brothers of the Christian Schools; nuns (Carmelite, St. Paul of Chartres, Filles de Marie), 6 houses with 713 sisters; 237 churches and chapels; 122 schools with 7960 pupils; 15 orphanages with 1109 inmates; 15 hospitals; 15 pharmacies;
(2) Eastern Cochin-China: vicar, Mgr.Grangeon, titular Bishop of Utina (residence, Bihn-dihn, Annam); total population, 3,500,000; Catholics, 83,000; catechumens, 10,000; priests, 101 (64 European); 83 catechists; 2 seminaries with 204 students; Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres, 1 house with 6 religious; Amantes de la Croix, 10 houses with (in 1901) 238 religious; 555 churches and chapels; 42 schools with 1889 pupils; 20 orphanages with 1567 inmates; 1 hospital; 3 dispensaries;
(3) Northern Cochin-China: vicar, Mgr. Allys, titular Bishop of Phacusa (residence, Hue, Annam); population, 2,700,000; Catholics, 58,633; priests, 100 (48 European); 47 catechists; 2 seminaries with 123 students; Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres, 3 houses with 11 religious; Filles de Marie, 18 houses with 523 religious; Brothers of the Christian Schools, 1 house with 8 religious; 205 churches and chapels; 30 schools with 707 pupils; 3 orphanages with 478 inmates; 2 hospitals (1 for lepers); 8 pharmacies;
(4) Cambodia: vicar, Mgr.Bouchut, titular Bishop of Panemotic (residence, Pnom-penh); population, 2,300,000; Catholics, 36,107; catechumens, 4500; priests, 77 (45 European); 95 catechists; 1 seminary with 103 students; Sisters of Providence 168 (37 European); Filles de Marie, 32; 156 churches and chapels; 72 schools with 4235 pupils; 6 orphanages with 951 inmates; 7 hospitals; 5 pharmacies;
(5) Laos — formerly included in the Vicariate Apostolic of Siam — erected on 4 May, 1899: vicar, Mgr.Cuaz, titular Bishop of Hermopolis Minor (residence, Nong-seng); population, 2,500,000 (about one-third in French territory); Catholics, 10,682; catechumens, 1172; 33 priests, (29 European); 33 catechists; 1 seminary with 8 students; Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres, 2 houses with 8 religious; Amantes de la Croix, 15; 54 churches and chapels; 35 schools with 797 pupils; 22 orphanages with 304 inmates;
(6) Maritime Tong-king—erected on 15 January, 1901: vicar, Mgr.Marcou, titular Bishop of Lysiade (residence, Phat-siem); population, 2,000,000; Catholics, 90,000; priests, 88 (33 European); catechists, 172 seminaries 2, with 223 students; Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres, 3 houses with 12 religious; Amantes de la Croix, 6 houses with 112 religious; 356 churches and chapels; 453 schools with 10,400 pupils; 5 orphanages with 1173 inmates; 8 hospitals (2 for lepers with 324 patients);
(7) Southern Tong-king: vicar, Mgr.Pineau, titular Bishop of Calama (residence, Xa-doai); population, 2,000,000; Catholics, 132,266; catechumens, 350; priests, 115 (37 European); 280 catechists; 2 seminaries 342 students; Amantes de la Croix, 6 houses with 148 religious; 395 churches and chapels; 182 schools with 5932 pupils; 6 orphanages with 1730 inmates; 12 pharmacies;
(8) Western Tong-king: vicar, Mgr.Gendreau, titular Bishop of Chrysopolis (residence, Hanoi); population, 2,200,000; Catholics, 140,379; catechumens, 6329; priests, 134 (42 European); catechists, 380; seminaries 2, with 288 students; Carmelite Sisters, 1 house with 17 religious; Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres, 1 house with 35 religious; Amantes de la Croix, 16 houses with 330 religious; 502 churches and chapels; 600 schools with 17,480 pupils; 5 orphanages with 2436 inmates; 5 hospitals, 2 pharmacies;
(9) Upper Tong-king—erected 15 April, 1895: vicar, Mgr. Ramoud, titular Bishop of Linoe (residence, Hang-hoa); population, 2,000,000; Catholics, 21,130; 47 priests (28 European); 87 catechists; 1 seminary with 64 students; Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres, 2 houses with 12 religious; Amantes de la Croix, 4 houses with 106 religious; 117 churches and chapels; 75 schools with 1599 pupils; 3 orphanages with 165 inmates; 7 hospitals (3 for lepers); 5 pharmacies;
(10) Central Tong-king: vicar, Mgr.Munagorre y Obyneta, titular Bishop of Pityus (residence, Bui-chu); population, 2,000,000; Catholics, 219,650; 114 priests (22 European); 259 catechists; 2 seminaries with 150 students; Third Order of St. Dominic, 16 houses with 427 sisters; Amantes de la Croix, 3 houses with 33 religious; Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres, 15; 615 churches and chapels; 679 schools; 5 orphanages with 500 inmates; 7 hospitals (5 for lepers with 500 inmates);
(11) Eastern Tong-king: vicar, Mgr. Arellanos, titular Bishop of Cocussus (residence, Hai-duong); population, 2,000,000; Catholics, 54,200; catechumens, 400; 57 priests (17 European); 110 catechists; 2 seminaries with 102 students; Third Order of St. Dominic, 4 houses with 81 religious; Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres, 2 houses with 23 religious; 264 churches and chapels; 104 schools; 4 orphanages with 352 inmates; 7 hospitals;
(12) Northern Tong-king: vicar, Mgr.Velasco, titular Bishop of Amorium; population, 2,500,000; Catholics, 31,016; 40 priests (20 European); 66 catechists; 2 seminaries with 46 students; Third Order of St. Dominic, 2 houses with 45 religious; Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres, 3 houses with 12 religious; 162 churches and chapels; 167 schools; 3 orphanages with 43 inmates; 1 hospital.
Total for the twelve vicariates (an asterisk indicates that returns are incomplete); population (estimated) 27,266,000; Catholics, 940,703; catechumens, 24,351*; bishops, 12; priests, 1046 (433 European); catechists, 1662; 21 seminaries with 1775 students; 109* convents with 3122* sisters; 3618 churches and chapels; 80* Brothers of the Christian Schools; 2561 schools with 50,999* pupils; 97 orphanages with 10, 808 inmates; 70* hospitals; 50* pharmacies.
The native clergy are more numerous in Indo-China than in any other missionary country in the world. Their intimate acquaintance with the feelings and superstitions of their compatriots, whose mentality differs so widely with that of Western races, renders them of incalculable service to the missions. Of the solidity of their faith they have given abundant testimony during times of persecution, when their constancy rivalled that of their European apostles. Twenty-six of their number have been already declared venerable. In accordance with the regulations of the Synod of 1795 each priest chooses a certain number of the most promising boys from the leading Catholic families of his district: as the choice is considered universally among the Christian flock to confer a great honour upon the family, the priest finds no difficulty in recruiting a sufficient number of neophytes.Their training usually begins between the ages of ten and twelve; they serve the priest, study the Chinese characters, and learn a little elementary Latin. At the age of seventeen or eighteen those who have given evidence of a true vocation are sent to the seminary to follow the course of studies proper to the priesthood: the others remain with the priest until the age of twenty or twenty-two, when they are sent to the school of catechists. Each priest is expected to supply at least one candidate for the priesthood annually, but so healthy is the Christian sentiment of the people that the seminaries are unable to accommodate all who seek admission. After a course of six or seven years' study, the candidates are subjected to a most searching catechetical examination to test their competence to teach Christian doctrine. If successful they receive the diploma of catechists, are attached to one of the parishes — each is supposed to have at least three—and begin their real apostolate. Under the guidance of the priests, they instruct the catechumens, prepare the people for the reception of the sacraments, attend the sick, and discharge many of the minor duties of the ministry. After about six years of this valuable training, the catechists, who have been especially conspicuous for their exemplary conduct and Christian zeal, are sent to the theological seminary, where after three years' further study they are admitted to the priesthood — usually between the ages of thirty-five and forty.
The principal religious institute for women in Indo-China is the (native) Congregation of Amantes de la Croix, who have in Cochin China recently modified their regulations and adopted the title of Filles de Marie. Founded more than two centuries ago, they evinced, like the native priests, an unflinching faith during all the persecutions, sheltering the fugitives, nursing the sick and wounded, carrying food and consolation to the prisoners, and in many cases bearing the Viaticum to those who were about to seal their faith with their blood. The aims of the congregation are personal sanctification, the performance of works of charity, and the instruction of catechumens. They are often called upon—since the priests and catechists are often unable to fulfil all the duties of the rapidly growing missions—to proceed to remote villages and instruct rude and uncultured neophytes in the truths of Christianity. This apostolate has been blessed with wonderful results: to the activity of a single religious (Sister Mieu), Father Gernot, a recent pro-vicar Apostolic at Saigon, declared he owed 1200 converts. The order itself has been the first vindication of womanhood in Indo-China. Living in the midst of a pagan society, which regards women as creatures of a lower order and their education as nugatory, these sisters have been conspicuous indications of the Catholic ideal of the dignity of woman. To Catholicism belongs the credit, in Indo-China, as in so many other countries, of having undertaken the education of the native women — a task with which it alone concerns itself even at the present day.
The Brothers of the Christian Schools first appeared in Indo-China in 1867, but their numerous and flourishing schools were closed in 1881-82 by order of the colonial administration, which has seldom shown a proper appreciation of the great work of civilization performed by the missions. Since their recall in 1895 they have been taking an even more prominent part in the education of the natives, and now direct many prosperous schools.
The Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres and the Sisters of Providence also render important service to the missions. In addition to the military hospital at Saigon, the former have opened numerous orphanages and hospitals for lepers (e.g., at Hue); the latter have been entrusted with the principal schools of the missions in many districts, with the Orphanage of the Holy Childhood, and various native hospitals.
It is impossible to do adequate justice to the service with the Society of Foreign Missions, the Order of St. Dominic, and in earlier days the Society of Jesus have performed throughout the peninsula in the name of Christianity and civilization. The value of their services to the cause of religion may be judged by the present healthiness and vitality of the Church in Indo-China, while, as the pioneers of civilization, they have laboured unaided for centuries to raise the lot of the natives and are even today practically the sole civilizing agent throughout these vast territories. The widespread respect which the inhabitants feel for the Western races was won by the French missionaries, who, deserted by their fellow country-men, remained to face torture and death with their flock, when every dictate of prudence seemed to urge them to take flight. Judging France not by her breaches of faith in the past, nor by her unsympathetic administration (see Ajalbert, op cit., infra, passim), but by her noble sons, who sacrificed everything at the call of duty, the native Christians have given a ready acquiescence to the French domination. To the missionaries we are indebted to our present knowledge concerning the languages, history, and customs of the inhabitants. The ingenious system (quoc-gnu), by which, with the aid of certain accents and signs, we can represent the Annamite sounds in our letters, we owe to the Jesuits. This system, which has spared both Annamite and Western the infinity of pains necessary to master the complicated Annamite ideographic system, is at present taught in all the Christian and government schools. The Society of Foreign Missions was the first to issue dictionaries of the various Indo-Chinese languages and dialects; it has regularly supplied interpreters to the French Government, and has laboured earnestly to foster among the natives a respect for French authority—services which few unbiased students of the history of Indo-China will declare have yet been repaid.
For a complete and scientifically compiled bibliography see Cordier, Bibliotheca Sinica (Paris,1904—), or Idem, Bibliotheca Sinica: Essai d'une Bibliographie des ouvrages relatifs à la presqu'îte indo-chinoise in T'oung P'ao Archifs pour servir à l'étude . . . de l'Aise Orientale (2nd series), IV (Leyden,1903—). Concerning the geography, hydrography, etc. of the peninsula, consult Reclus, Nouvelle Géographie Universelle, VIII (Paris, 1883); Pavie, Mission Pavie Indo-Chine, 1879-95. Géographie et Voyages (Paris, 1899-1906); de Lanessan, La Colonisation française en Indo-Chine (Paris, 1895), which furthermore gives an excellent account of the state of the French possessions toward the close of the nineteenth century; Henri d'Orléans, Autor du Tonkin (Paris, 1894), tr. Pitman, Around Tonkin and Siam (London, 1894); Garnier, Voyage d'Exploration en Indo-Chine (2 vols., Paris, 1873). For native history, populations, etc. see Launay, Histoire de l'Annam (Paris, 1884); Legrande de la Lyraie, Notes historiques sur la nation annamite (Paris, n. d.); Truong-vinh-ky, Cours d'histoire annamite (Saigon, 1875); Les Annamites: religions, mæurs, coutomes (Paris, 1906), ed. Challamel; Voyages de Siam des Pères Jésuites (Paris, 1686); Rémusat, Nouveaux mélanges asiatiques (Paris, 1829); Pallegoix, Description de Royaume Thaï au Siam (Ligny, 1954); a standard work on Siam: Campbell, Noyes on the Antiquities, etc., of Cambodian Journal of the Royal Geog. Soc., XXX (London, 1860) 182-98; Mouhut, Travels in the Central Part of Indo-China (2 vols., London, 1864); Bastion, A visit to the Ruined Cities, etc., of Cambodia in Journal of the Royal Geog. Soc, XXXV, (London, 1865), 74-87; Delaporte, Voyage en Cambodge l'Architecture Khmer (Paris, 1880); Reinach, Le Laos (Paris, s. d.); Aymonnier, Voyage au Laos (Paris, 1895); Idem, Le Cambodge (3 vols., Paris, 1900-04); Lemire, Le Laos annamite (Paris, 1894); Tunier, Notice sur la Laos français (Paris, 1900); For Annamite Law consult Philastre, Le Code annamite (2 vols, Saigon, 1876). The following works may also be consulted, especially with reference to the French occupation: De Caillaud, Histoire de l'intervention fançaise au Tonkin (Paris, 1880); Barral, Le Colonisation fançaise au Tonkin et en Annam (Paris, 1899); de la Bissachère, Etat actuel du Tonkin, de la Cochinchine, etc. (Paris, 1812); Monnier, Le Tour d'Asie: Cochinchine, Annam, Tonkin (Paris, 1896); Bonhoure, L'Indo-Chine (Paris, 1900); Depuis, Tong-kin et L'Intervention française (Paris, 1897); Lagrilliére-Beauclerc, A travers Indo-Chine (Paris, 1900); Neton, L'Indo-Chine et son avenir économique (Paris, 1903); Verschnur, Aux Colonies d'Asie et dans L'Océan Indien (Paris, 1900); Ajalbert, Les destinées d'Indo-Chine (Paris, 1909); Madrolle, Indo-Chine (guide-book, Paris, 1902). Much valuable information, particularly on ethnography, native languages, religions, and customs, has not yet found its way into book form. For this, consult the files of the Bulletin des Etudes Indo-Chinoises de Saigon (Saigon); Bulletin de l'Ecole Française l'Extréme-Orient (Hanoi); Revue internationale de sociologie (Paris); Bulletin de la Société normande de geographie (Rouen); Le Nouvelle Revue (Paris); Annuaire Général de Indo-Chine (Paris). For commerce: Indo-Chine Française: Rapport général sur les Statistiques des Douanes (Annual, Hanoi); Bulletin économique de l'Indo-Chine. Concerning the Catholic missions and their history see Le Blant, Les martyrs de Extréme-Orient et les persécutions antiques (Arras, 1877); Launay, Histoire générale de le Société des Missions Etrangéres (3 vols., Paris, 1804); Idem, L'Indo-Chine française in Piolet, Les missions catholiques françaises au XIXe siecle, II (Paris, s. d.), 407, sqq; Lesserteur, Les premiers prêtres indigènes du Tonkin (Lyon, 1883); Faure, Mgr. Pigneaux de Béhaine, évêque d'Adran (Saigon, 1897); Louvet, La Cochinchine religieuse (2 vols, Paris, 1885); Dépierre, Situation de catholicisme en Cochinchine à la fin du XIXe siècle (Saigon, 1900); Pallu, Histoire de l'expedition de Cochinchine (1861) (Paris, 1864); Documents diplomatiques: Affaires du Tonkin (1874-1883) (Paris, 1883); Lesserteur, Paul Bert et les missionaires du Tonkin (Paris, 1888); Les Annales de la Propagation de la Foi and Missiones Catholicæ, passim.
APA citation. (1910). Indo-China. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07765a.htm
MLA citation. "Indo-China." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07765a.htm>.
Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by M. Donahue and J. Donahue.
Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. June 1, 1910. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.
Contact information. The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. My email address is webmaster at newadvent.org. Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads. | <urn:uuid:cf1584f9-ce2b-4c98-a0ed-5b3a8d8125e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07765a.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.954536 | 25,914 | 3.25 | 3 |
please provide a literature review commenting on the relationship between family stress and physiological health among emerging adults. Include a briefdescription of methods used for each article, but the focus your paper should be on the key findings from each article, summarized in your own words, citing appropriately.
This assignment needs to:
1) be at least two pages, double spaced, 12 point font,
2) utilize at least 5 peer-reviewed research journal articles,
3) provide a reference list formatted according to APA guidelines, and
3) include your course name, section, and instructor name on an APA-formatted cover page.
NB: We do not resell papers. Upon ordering, we do an original paper exclusively for you. | <urn:uuid:5b429cae-e429-415b-826c-b97749dad53e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://essayfurious.com/please-provide-a-literature-review-commenting-on-the-relationship-between-family-stress-and-physiological-health-among-emerging-adults/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.897137 | 150 | 1.6875 | 2 |
A couple of days ago I went to see the movie “Taken” with a few of my friends. I’m a fan of action movies, and I went to see this one with a particular curiosity. I’d heard it was about a father rescuing his daughter who was kidnapped by a sex trafficking ring while vacationing in Europe. Since I had written a 20 page research paper on sex trafficking last semester, I had a lot more thought and emotion invested in the movie than I normally would.
That the father takes down a highly sophisticated sex trafficking ring singlehandedly was a bit of a stretch. However, the content of the movie confirmed much of what I had researched with realistic accuracy, opening the eyes of the public to a variety of horrific brutalities associated with the sex slave trade. After the movie, it was interesting to note the differences in attitudes that the males held versus the females in our group. Identifying themselves with the hero of the show, the guys were energized and talked animatedly about the explosions, car chases, shoot-outs and hand-to-hand combat we had just witnessed. The girls, on the other hand, seemed a little more withdrawn and reflective. Although they agreed with the guys that it was a good movie, it had left them with much deeper thoughts than the chivalry of blowing things up and wiping out bad guys. They identified themselves with the females in the show and were disturbed—almost agitated—comprehending the nightmarish reality of the sex slave trade on a far more personal level than did the guys. Part of their disconcertion came from the fact that the guys could not possibly view the movie with the same perspective as they themselves had.
I was led to reflect on my own feelings. While doing research I actually had had nightmares, especially after reading detailed articles of the atrocities of the sex slave trade. I often thought to myself, “That could easily have been me,” and pondered on the multiplicity of damages suffered by victims of the sex slave trade. I thought of the guys who had watched the movie with us. I wished for there to be a way that they could relate to the story as did the girls and therefore be impassioned and fully converted to the abolition of sexual slavery, or at least be recommitted to the better treatment of women in general. In the end, the theme of sex trafficking made an exquisite nightmare for Hollywood to exploit, and I had to recognize the fact that movies are generally meant more to entertain than to inform or evoke emotion.
While the movie did expose the ills and evils of the sex slave trade to some extent, it was only the females in my group who seemed truly disturbed and angered by it. I know if my father were to see the movie, he would be frustrated and saddened as well (he already sits uneasy with my un-chaperoned world travels). Men who have daughters are often the greatest advocates for women. But what about the youthful men of my own generation? What does it take for them to feel that way? I wonder if most of them will have to wait until they are fathers of daughters for those emotions to be stirred—to have a deeper love and concern for the females in their lives…? | <urn:uuid:96041920-d954-4335-8725-55f7a416ac3c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://womanstats.wordpress.com/2009/02/21/the-movie-taken-sex-trafficking-and-the-reaction-of-my-friends/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.986227 | 670 | 2.03125 | 2 |
puuuhh, old question, not yet answered?
the comments from @Regina and @mariosv clarify the problem, to have more than one auto-filtered range on a sheet you need to define ‘data ranges’, sometimes also called database ranges.
‘data ranges’ and ‘named ranges’ are different in function (dunno how and why but that), to apply autofilters you need ‘data - define range’.
(for reasons of comfort?) calc also allows you to create one - and only one! - autofilter per sheet without defining a range first, if you call autofilter somewhere where no range is defined then calc will automatically try to use the smallest rectangular area delimited by empty rows and columns as temporary database area. if it doesn’t find a suitable area (e.g. nothing that could be used as headers) then ‘autofilter not possible’ will appear.
this area and the filters defined in it are cleared as soon as a autofilter is applied to another area that is not explicitly defined.
a similar automatism works for standard filters ‘data - more filters - standardfilter’, this can be done for more than one area of a sheet.
where from I could select ANY of the values of the above mentioned “region”
imho it’s very difficult - and would be a logical problem - to select filtering conditions for multiple columns from one cell and / or to use values for filtering from other columns, but you may play with everything up to programming macros …
my state of knowledge as of now, no warranties
the filtering situation and options are powerful, and thus not ‘simple’ and require some effort to learn about … the behaviour is idiosyncratic in some respects, e.g. automatically expanding defined areas, try and find out, and be aware that ‘comfort’ in sight of some users may cause irritations for others.
gave ‘one header for any value of a range’ one more thought …
with [data - validity] you can predifine a selection list for a cell presenting all values appearing in a range, even sorted,
with advanced filter you can define multiple definition ranges for multiple filtering ranges, and in the definition you may reference the cell with the selected value, ‘or’-ing it by having it in multiple columns in separate rows,
and now the pity … advanced filter is not dynamic … after every change in the definition you have to re-apply it to the filtered ranges to get it evaluated
but may be this combination comes near(est) to OP’s request?
and now the challenge … a macro to refresh / re-apply the filtering for all ranges once the selection cell changes it’s value, … never say never, but complex and complicated … ‘dynamic mode’ for filtering - as it is for conditional formatting - would be easier,
ok, as i have already written such long … perhaps for the use case of the OP the following construct would be good? one ‘selection cell’ out of the data area with data - validity allowing all occuring data values, and for all cells in the data ranges conditional formatting to highlight them when they are the same or in a defined relation to the selection cell … tested - works!
enough for today … | <urn:uuid:a901cef2-4c51-4121-982b-a357bc7b708f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ask.libreoffice.org/t/multiple-autofilters/38111 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.890572 | 728 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Take a piece of paper and mark its length using the ruler and the pencil in such a way that you obtain a perfect square-shaped paper after cutting along the marks with scissor.
As you will fold the paper, there will be four papers within the fold. Now fold one of the papers upwards in a way that it seems to be folded right from the center thus forming a triangle.
After folding one paper, now fold the remaining three in the same way from the center but in the opposite direction such that the resultant is a right-angled triangle.
On one side of the triangle, there will a slight fold. Now inserting a finger, fold the entire triangle by pressing it on the opposite sides.
Upon folding the triangle will again form a square shape with two closed and two open sides. At the point where the two sides of closed surface are joining, open the square moving both sides opposite from each other.
As you open the square, stretch the two ends with mild force moving them in opposite directions. Now you can see a ship with a yacht in the center. | <urn:uuid:00d4954e-2dde-4ab7-b69c-4ba2603bda30> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.stepbystep.com/how-to-do-origami-for-kids-4219/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.944643 | 252 | 3.46875 | 3 |
Instances of credit card fraud increased by 44.6% from 2019 to 2020. If you’re one of the thousands who’ve had your credit card lost or stolen, it’s hard to avoid feelings of helplessness. Take solace in knowing that you aren’t alone. Of those who’ve had their credit information stolen, 54% reported a sense of helplessness or powerlessness, 69% felt fearful over their personal financial safety, and 42% said they felt fear for the financial security of their family members. But fear no more! As long as you follow the next steps, you can take back control of your finances, with a renewed sense of safety to boot.
Contact your financial institution immediately
Once you’ve realized your credit card may be compromised or stolen, it’s imperative to reach out to your credit card issuer immediately. You will be able to recoup any funds that exceed $50 if you dispute them within 60 days of receiving the bill, per the Fair Credit Billing Act. That said, most credit card issuers are sympathetic to victims of credit card fraud, and will work with you to resolve fraudulent charges. But don’t delay! Acting swiftly and contacting your credit card issuer is your only chance to regain stolen funds. Every second counts, what are you waiting for?
Change your login and password
The average American has 27 online accounts that require passwords, with less than half willing to change their password due to a data breach. With sensitive credit card information being saved on various websites, your finances have never been as vulnerable as they are today. When your credit card information is saved through a third-party, you are now relying on them to safeguard your finances, a practice that has burned countless victims of credit card fraud. For these reasons, it’s important to delete your credit card information on any websites, and any other place your credit card information might be saved.
Watch your transactions like a hawk
Keeping a watchful eye over potential fraudulent charges is the next step in protecting yourself from any further theft. Review your online statements and transactions daily. Additionally, set up alerts for all charges to your credit card account. By doing this, you will better be able to keep track of all fraudulent charges and increase the likelihood of full restoration of your funds. Finally, ensure your credit score remains unaffected. Free credit checking resources from sites like Experian allow you to track updates to your score.
Stay in constant communication with your issuer
In writing, disclose all the charges to your account that are fraudulent. Make a list to ensure you have them all recorded properly. Once you’ve completed that process, your credit card issuer has 30 days to reply. Take care to make sure they’ve settled all disputed transactions, and nothing has slipped between the cracks. You are not liable for any fees or subsequent charges stemming from the fraudulent transactions. If you think your lender has violated the FCBA, file a complaint with the FTC.
Protect your future self from credit card fraud
At this point, you probably feel like tapping out of the emotional rollercoaster you’ve been on. But, the work isn’t done. If you don’t want to experience the stomach-dropping turns of credit card fraud ever again, you need to take some measures to protect your future self. Here’s some tips to prevent credit card fraud:
- Guard your credit cards vigilantly, and don’t ever let your card get out of sight.
- Don’t keep your credit card in your car! If you think it’ll never happen to you, it will.
- When online, decline having your credit card information saved to any websites.
- Never give your information to someone whom you’ve never met in person.
- Review your creditors financial statements thoroughly. The job is never finished. Being aware of fraudulent charges is half the battle.
Staff. (2021, June 21). 25 Credit Card Fraud Statistics To Know in 2021 + 5 Steps for Reporting Fraud. Retrieved from: https://mint.intuit.com/blog/planning/credit-card-fraud-statistics/ ↩︎
Staff. (2012, August). Disputing Credit Card Charges. Retrieved from: https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0219-disputing-credit-card-charges ↩︎
Staff. (2019, October). The United States of P@ssw0rd$. Retrieved from: https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-uniblog-publish-prod/documents/PasswordCheckup-HarrisPoll-InfographicFINAL.pdf ↩︎ | <urn:uuid:a8d79c6e-23d7-4375-b8e6-095314e4c698> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.speedycash.com/resources/537/personal-security/what-to-do-when-your-credit-card-is-compromised/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.933957 | 988 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Last modified: Friday, April 20, 2012
Media advisory: Earthquake simulator will be at Sheraton at Keystone Crossing on Tuesday
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
April 20, 2012
INDIANAPOLIS -- The Indiana Geological Survey invites the news media to learn about and experience an "earthquake" on a portable simulator at 8:30 a.m. Tuesday, April 24, at the lobby entrance of the Sheraton Indianapolis Hotel at Keystone Crossing.
The simulator, called a Quake Cottage, will be available for media only at that time. This is not a public event. The simulator can produce the shaking equivalent to a 5.5 to 8.0 seismic event. It is 22 feet long, 8 feet wide and 14 feet high, and is completely portable and mounted on a dual-axle trailer. The interior replicates a typical living room.
This is the kickoff to a two-year, statewide education program by Indiana Geological Survey, a research institute of Indiana University. | <urn:uuid:1a0fc3b8-ffbc-4961-9b8b-1554aba63dd8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newsinfo.iu.edu/news/page/normal/22075.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.920478 | 203 | 1.601563 | 2 |
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