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198,293 Worldometrers https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
193,843 John Hopkins https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html
CDC Covid-19 numbers are consistently lower than other sources. Their reasons for why this is so are listed below.
There are, of course, political reasons why a public agency would minimize a crisis.
‘How Could the CDC Make That Mistake?’
The CDC and Federal Government are completely inept.
DRAIN THE SWAMP!! | <urn:uuid:99a801d1-bf2a-4c2d-8b7e-c77fc7197375> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://covidcooties.blogspot.com/2020/09/covid-19-deaths-sep13-2020-1400.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.807744 | 125 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Studies show that people who have excess belly fat have a higher risk of developing chronic disease even when they are not overweight. Sounds like a contradiction, but where we store our body fat can put us at three times greater risk of death from cardiovascular disease and can double the risk of early death from other causes, as compared to those with a normal waist to hip ratio. Abdominal or visceral fat is a key player in many health concerns. Visceral fat is not the same fat that can be grasped with your hand; it lies deep within the abdominal cavity and fills the spaces surrounding our internal organs. Subcutaneous fat, which you can pinch, lies just underneath the skin. Women tend to have more subcutaneous fat than men, generally on their hips and thighs. However, as women age and go through menopause, they are more likely to develop larger waistlines and store more visceral fat, as their estrogen levels naturally decline.
What are the health dangers associated with visceral fat? Research suggests that abdominal fat cells are metabolically and biologically active and actually function like an endocrine gland, releasing hunger hormones, such as leptin, and influencing insulin response. Visceral fat appears to disrupt the normal functioning of these hormones, which typically aid health by regulating hunger and insulin, burning stored fat and protecting against diabetes. The excess release of these and other chemicals, including some that are released by the immune system, can promote insulin resistance, diabetes and heart disease. Visceral fat surrounds critical organs such as the liver and is linked to unhealthy cholesterol levels, fatty liver disease and low-grade inflammation.
The good news is that visceral fat responds well to a healthy diet and exercise. Visceral fat metabolizes fairly easily into fatty acids, which can then be used for cellular energy production. As the belly shrinks and fat is reduced, the associated health risks, including high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels are also reduced. Waist measurement is a good indicator of visceral fat. For an average sized woman, waist measurement should not exceed 35″. For an average sized man, a waist measurement above 40″ is cause for concern. If you are trying to lose weight and belly fat and are not seeing results, changes to your routine can help.
- Include the appropriate fat burning exercise in your exercise routine. Cardio workouts for at least 30 minutes a day most days of the week are critical to weight loss. To get full exercise benefits for belly fat loss, you must also to weight train several days a week. Weight training helps to burn fat by increasing muscle mass, which takes more energy to maintain and revs your metabolism to increase calorie burn throughout the day.
- Skip the processed foods, which increase inflammation and hinder the ability to lose belly fat. Eat whole foods like vegetables and fruits that naturally contain antioxidants and have anti-inflammatory properties.
- Be sure to eat healthy fats. Contrary to popular belief, eating healthy dietary fat does not make you gain weight. Healthy fats found in olive oil, fatty fish, avocados and nuts help to prevent belly fat. Fats provide energy, protect our organs and help process nutrients. Healthy fats help to lower the risks of chronic disease by lowering LDL and raising HDL cholesterol levels, boost brain function and keep skin and eyes healthy.
- Take a break from stress. High stress levels mean higher levels of cortisol, which has been linked to higher levels of visceral fat. Chronic stress may not only cause overconsumption of unhealthy calories, but may also make it harder to lose weight.
- Get a good night’s sleep on a regular basis. Studies show that sleeping too much (more than 8 hours), or too little (less than 5 hours), can result in increased visceral fat. Aim for about 7 hours each night and keep it consistent.
- Even though some people are genetically disposed to gaining weight around the middle, a combination approach to weight loss that includes weight training and cardiovascular exercise, a lower carb, higher fat diet and reduced sugar consumption will help you to overcome obstacles and lose visceral fat.
- Eat fewer calories but eat better calories. Calorie reduction should not be radical, as too few calories can put your body in starvation mode and slow your metabolism, making it harder to lose weight. To recap, eat lots of vegetables, lean protein, moderate amounts of fruit and include some healthy fats. Limit processed foods, sugary drinks and trans-fats.
Products to aid in weight reduction include:VFM-100™ by Complementary Prescriptions aids in suppressing the formation of visceral fat and has been shown to reduce body weight, waist circumference and abdominal fat in conjunction with a healthy diet and lifestyle program. CLA by Ortho Molecular contains Conjugated Linoleic Acid obtained from safflower seed oil that naturally supports reducing body fat while increasing muscle tone when combined with a healthy diet and exercise. 7-Keto Lean by Integrative Therapeutics has been clinically shown to burn fat and promote weight loss when used in conjunction with a healthy diet and exercise program. Super HCA (98028) by Douglas Laboratories supplies 1400 mg of Garcinia cambogia extract that may aid in normal appetite regulation and may be useful for weight management by preventing the conversion of excess glucose from dietary carbs into stored body fat. | <urn:uuid:9e3ec817-3a3c-4452-ac5f-da4bd5fff67c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://blog.professionalsupplementcenter.com/the-health-risks-of-belly-fat/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.944547 | 1,073 | 3.03125 | 3 |
The Language of Numbers
(From the March 3, 2007 issue of Thoroughbred Times)
Like most disciplines, the science of breeding thoroughbred racehorses has its own language of descriptive statistics aimed at analyzing and predicting performance and subsequent value. Though a full understanding of this language may seem daunting, there is a core group of statistics that if understood fully, shed light on potential pitfalls and help breeders sift through the hype and improve the performance of their bloodstock portfolio.
Perhaps the most important aspect to understanding statistics in the thoroughbred industry is that numbers are just that, numbers. Mark Twain said it best when he said “There’s lies, damn lies, and statistics”. Regardless of what statistics may or may not infer, in the end, the owner with the best individual will have more success than the owner with poor individuals whose only credentials are statistics. Statistics are best used as supporting evidence of qualityindividuals, rather than a starting point for developing a successful bloodstock portfolio.
One of the most commonly used descriptive statistics is a sire’s average earnings per starter. Unfortunately, it is also one of the least discriminating and most easily skewed of all the breeding statistics. A simple computation, it is derived by taking a sire’s total progeny earnings and dividing it by the number of starters.
Mildly effective as a starting point for evaluating stallions, the average earnings per starter allows mare owners to get a general idea of how a sire compares to his counterparts. But because such a large portion of the stallion population falls into the $25,000 – $40,000 average earnings range, it’s often times non-describtive, telling mare owners little about the class of a sire’s progeny. Also, this statistic is subject to being heavily skewed by the sire’s top earner, best illustrated in the case of Skip Trial, where Skip Away accounts for nearly 30% of his total progeny earnings. Knowing this, Skip Trial’s average earnings per starter of $91,704 can hardly be taken as an accurate indicator of his runner’s quality.
A useful number for breeders wanting to delve into the quality of a sire’s progeny from top to bottom rather than just those in the headlines, the median earnings per starter gives us an amount that 50% of a sire’s progeny have earned more than, and 50% have earned less than. To understand this, imagine a hypothetical situation where a sire has only 11 starters. Individually, they have earned the following amounts:
In this scenario, the median earnings per starter is $40,000. Exactly half of his progeny have earned less than $40,000, and half have earned in excess of $40,000. A sire’s median earnings is an effective indicator of a sire who gets a large number of poor individuals, assuming we’re dealing with a significant sample size much larger than the example above. If we’re researching a sire and discover his median earnings to be just $7,500, we know that at least 50% of that sire’s progeny fail to pay their way, a strong indication that investors should look elsewhere.
The obvious benefit is that median earnings are immune to heavy skewing by a single runner. The one shortcoming is that a sire lacking racing class in his progeny can achieve an inflated median earnings if he sire’s durable progeny. Though they’re not fast enough to possess class, they aren’t fast enough to hurt themselves either, leading to longer careers that inflate a sire’s median earnings, convincing some that a sire’s foals have more ability than they actually have.
One of the most commonly used indexes to measure the earning power of a sire’s progeny relative to the progeny of other stallions, the Average Earnings Index (AEI) is the average earnings for a sire’s progeny during a calendar year, with 1.00 being the average for the breed. Like the SSI, the AEI allows comparisons of stallions from different time periods, but is subject to skewing by a leading runner. Also, the AEI favors sires who throw durable types who can make more starts during the year, even if they are competing on weaker circuits.
An attempt to measure the quality of mares bred to a particular stallion, the CI (Comparable Index) is the average earnings in a calendar year for foals out of the same mares, but sired by different stallions. For instance, if a group of mares sent to a 1st year stallion had previously produced foals with an AEI of 1.50, that same number would represent the new sire’s CI. The idea here is to assess the quality of mares being sent to any given sire, thereby allowing future interpretations as to whether a sire is improving on his opportunities or simply riding the coattails of his mares.
The primary shortcoming of the CI is that we never know the quality of sires previously bred to a group of mares. Such is likely the case of highly touted stallion prospects like Mineshaft. Many of the mares in his first two books had previously seen the likes of Storm Cat and A.P. Indy. Those opportunities are sure to raise the earnings power of the resulting foals, creating a disproportionately high CI that may create the illusion that Mineshaft is dragging his mares down. But just because he can’t raise his mares to the extent of a Storm Cat or A.P. Indy, shouldn’t be held against him.
The SI (Sire Index) is similar to the AEI except that it measure earnings power based on average earnings per start, and not a calendar year. Like the AEI, the SI also categorizes according to sex and year of birth, but does not allow a group of cheaper, durable types to skew the figure.
One of the best illustrations of how the SI differs from the AEI is Airdrie Stud’s Indian Charlie. A known source of unsound individuals, Indian Charlie’s SI is 2.29, more than double the breed average, indicating that he can sire talented individuals based on his progeny’s relative earning power per start. But when we employ the AEI, measuring his progeny’s relative earning power over a calendar year, the figure drops to 1.91. Not surprisingly, Indian Charlie’s sire, In Excess (Ire) emulates this pattern very closely.
Used in conjunction with a sire’s SI to measure the quality of mares being sent to a stallion, the ComSI (Comparative Sire Index) is based on average earnings per start of foals out of the mares bred to a particular stallion, but sired by different stallions. Like the CI, it is intended to help breeders decide if a stallion is improving upon his opportunities, or simply riding the coattails of his mares. The same problems that exist within the CI also pertain to the ComSI in that we don’t know what caliber of stallions these other foals were sired by. The primary difference, as in the case of the AEI and SI, is that the ComSI is based on average earnings per start, not over a calendar year.
Handicapping tools and vocabulary are slowly permeating the psyche of breeders, consignors, and buyers. Sales catalog supplements are at the forefront of this trend, offering buyers standardized ratings for individuals in the immediate female family. After all, the same information that helps handicappers predict the outcome of a race should help breeders in assessing racing ability in potential breeding stock.
Beyer Speed Figures (named after its creator, Washington Post columnist Andrew Beyer) aim to interpret a horse’s performance as functions of class and track variants. Average winning times within a certain class at a specified track ($40,000 open claimers at Del Mar, for example) are computed in order to establish a baseline whereby horses running below or above the average are assigned corresponding speed ratings. Track variants are added to the equation to account for time periods where a track was particularly fast. Beyer Speed Ratings range from the 120’s for grade 1 caliber horses down to the 40’s and 50’s for horses at the lowest levels of American racing.
Ragozin Numbers are probably the least understood of all the statistics currently available to breeders, even though handicappers and trainers have been using them for decades under their more commonly known name, The Sheets. Ragozin Numbers calculate an individual horse’s effort in a particular race as a function of time, track condition, weight carried, wind, and traffic difficulties (such as being boxed in or forced to run wide). Ragozin Numbers are unique in that lower numbers correspond with higher racing class. Ragozin numbers in the 20’s are commonly associated with bottom-level claiming horses, while the best horses in this country usually post Ragozin Numbers in the low single digits. The average Ragozin number for grade 1 races in this country is 1 to -1.
Two of the more commonly interchanged terms in the business are stakes winners and black-type winners. Black-type earners are just that, runners who have won or placed in stakes events that qualify for bold type under current cataloguing standards. Since January 1, 2004, only races with a minimum purse of $40,000 have been credentialed as true black-type events.
Black-type should not be confused with the more loosely used terms, stakes winner or stakes-placed. These latter terms do not adhere to domestic cataloguing standards and can apply to events run for as little as $5,000 on small regional circuits. This is typically one of the most abused numbers in the industry. Depending on what publication you’re reading, the percentages may or may not include actual black-type races. If an industry newcomer can learn just one thing early on, he or she would be wise to have an understanding of what actually constitutes a black-type event, and how stakes production numbers are often times inflated.
As is the case with all statistical inferences, it is the responsibility of the user to become familiar with the methodology and language behind the numbers, as well as the strengths and weaknesses in accurately describing a phenomenon. Only after breeders have familiarized themselves with the appropriate statistical language, can they start using it to effectively to avoid poor bloodstock investments. | <urn:uuid:6b26fcc0-4909-45e3-9959-4060bd3e631b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.thoroughbredreview.com/the-language-of-numbers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.947808 | 2,345 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Clock and watch repairers mend and restore clocks and watches.
In your day-to-day tasks you would:
- Inspect and take apart watches or clocks to identify faults
- Replace batteries
- Clean and oil parts
- Make new parts to replace worn ones
- Fit new watch straps
- Etch or engrave designs onto a watch face
- Maintain and repair equipment and ensure cleanliness of workshop
- Liaise with customer and sales team regarding specific orders or repairs
You could start this career in a jewellery shop dealing with customers who bring their watches and clocks in for repair. Some clock and watch makers specialise in working with luxury brands.
If you specialise in antique clocks, you could work in a museum conserving antique clocks, or work at an auctioneer as a valuer.
You could work in a workshop around the Black Country. The Jewellery Quarter in Birmingham in the heart of the Black Country will have opportunities. You tend to work a lot at a bench and on your own. You would occasionally have to speak to customers and visit large places. Even ‘Big Ben’ in London needs the occasional maintenance.
42 to 44 a week, you could also work weekends.
Salary: £20,000 – £40,000 per year.
Predicted trends -10.5% decrease Leading to: 2,365 fewer jobs by 2027.
You could try to find a trainee position with a watch or clock repair firm who would then put you through their own training programme. Most people access this career via an apprenticeship. If you have an EHCP you may be able to apply under the Dfe exemption which allows the apprentice to use Entry level 3 English and Maths qualifications. The apprentice would have to be component enough to successfully achieve all other aspects of the apprenticeship requirements, become occupationally competent and achieve Entry Level 3 in English and Maths before the end of their apprenticeship. | <urn:uuid:ef3e5e10-efdd-4a1a-963d-8c46164c501a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://yourfutureblackcountry.com/job/watch-and-clock-repairer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949563 | 423 | 1.890625 | 2 |
As the novel coronavirus continues to ravage Latin America, the death toll in Brazil topped 34,000 on Friday and passed 12,500 in Mexico.
In Brazil, 1,473 more fatalities over the past 24 hours raised the death toll to 34,021, according to the Health Ministry.
The total case count in the world’s second-worst hit country reached 614,941 as 30,925 more people tested positive for COVID-19.
In Mexico, 816 more fatalities pushed the death toll to 12,545.
A total of 4,442 more people tested positive for COVID-19 over the past 24 hours, raising the overall count to 105,680, the Health Ministry said.
The World Health Organization said this week that Latin America has become the "red zone" of coronavirus transmissions in the world and that solidarity and support are needed for these countries to overcome the pandemic.
Four of the 10 countries across the globe with the highest number of COVID-19 cases are located in Latin America, WHO emergencies director Michael Ryan said Monday.
Brazil, Peru, and Chile are suffering the highest daily increases, but numbers are also on the rise in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, and Haiti.
Worldwide, the pandemic has killed more than 391,200 people, with total infections reaching over 6.63 million, while more than 2.87 million people have recovered from the disease, according to figures compiled by the US’ Johns Hopkins University.Anadolu Agency website contains only a portion of the news stories offered to subscribers in the AA News Broadcasting System (HAS), and in summarized form. Please contact us for subscription options. | <urn:uuid:721737b1-33bb-41c9-814b-9b5fdf3e8bfe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/coronavirus-fatalities-climbing-in-brazil-mexico/1866012 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.933821 | 352 | 2.15625 | 2 |
The Cause of Snoring
iRollOver is an effective treatment for snoring. Causes of snoring are typically anatomical and/or behavioral. Snoring causes include: sleeping on your back, male gender, overweight, narrow airway, alcohol or sedative use, nasal problems and advanced age. The cause of snoring can be complicated and often includes one or more of the above listed issues. Causes of snoring in men and causes of snoring in women essentially do not differ. Life style choices tend to increase causes or snoring in men, whereas the onset of menopause dramatically increases snoring in women. Most snorers are far worse on their back, making iRollOver the most effective and least invasive treatment for snorers. | <urn:uuid:80f42422-ed19-45cb-859f-2243bff24689> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://irollover.com/snoring | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.933102 | 150 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Blood pressure control is something everyone needs to be concerned about. High blood pressure is a silent killer that can damage most organs in the human body, including blood vessels, without causing obvious symptoms.
For example, high blood pressure increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and also damages the kidneys and the retina, the light-sensitive tissue in the back of the eyes that allow us to see. Plus, the likelihood of being diagnosed with hypertension goes up with age, although it’s occurring at younger ages, as early as childhood, due to rising rates of obesity.
Six in Ten Adults Have It
How common is high blood pressure? According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, over 60% of adults over the age of 60 have high blood pressure. Since your blood pressure can be high without causing symptoms, it’s a vital sign you should follow closely and follow a heart-healthy lifestyle.
The standard therapy for hypertension is blood pressure-lowering medications. However, diet, lifestyle, and even supplements can reduce blood pressure in some people with mild hypertension and people who have borderline high blood pressure readings. One that shows promise is melatonin, a hormone with antioxidant activity that helps bring on sleep. Melatonin, released by the pineal gland in the brain, regulates the body’s sleep-wake cycle and has antioxidant activity.
Melatonin also has the vital job of setting the body’s internal biological clock. The pea-sized pineal gland in your brain releases the most melatonin between the hours of 2:00 a.m. and 4:00 a.m. However, light exposure can interfere with how much melatonin the pineal gland releases. That’s why it’s important to sleep in a dark room without electronics that emit light. Blue light from devices suppresses the release of melatonin and can disrupt the sleep-wake cycle.
What Impact Does Melatonin Have on Blood Pressure?
It’s important not to interfere with the body’s natural release of melatonin, a hormone that plays a role in the release of a number of other hormones in the body, including ones that affect blood pressure. Because of its impact on the sleep-wake cycle and setting the internal biological clock, could melatonin also play a role in regulating blood pressure?
One double-blind, placebo-controlled study published in the journal Hypertension looked at men with essential hypertension. Those who took 2.5 milligrams of melatonin an hour before bedtime lowered their systolic blood pressure by an average of 6 mm. Hg and diastolic blood pressure by 4 mm. Hg a significant drop. For some people, that might be enough to eliminate the need for blood pressure medications. As a bonus, the subjects also slept better, not surprising since melatonin affects the body’s sleep-wake cycle. One reason people take melatonin as a supplement is to improve sleep and treat jet lag.
Why might melatonin reduce blood pressure? Some people with hypertension have an overactive sympathetic nervous system, the “fight-or-flight” component that increases heart rate and blood pressure. Since melatonin sets the body’s biological clock, it alters the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. For example, studies show that melatonin can reduce noradrenaline, a key hormone released by the sympathetic nervous system that increases heart rate and blood pressure. By blocking hormones like noradrenaline, melatonin could lower blood pressure.
In addition, melatonin has an antioxidant effect that reduces inflammation within the lining of blood vessels. By improving endothelial function, how blood vessels behave, it may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease. One study found low levels of melatonin in people with cardiovascular disease. Expect to see more research looking into whether melatonin has protective benefits for heart health. Supplementing with melatonin may be even more beneficial for people with hypertension who also suffer from insomnia.
Is It Safe to take Melatonin for Hypertension?
As with any supplement, it’s best to consult with a physician before taking any supplement. Although melatonin may lower blood pressure in people with mild hypertension who aren’t on medications, there’s some evidence that it can raise it in people who take anti-hypertensive medications. So, it might be most useful for people with borderline or mild hypertension who aren’t already taking blood pressure pills and those who want to use a natural approach to treat mild hypertension. Melatonin appears to be safe short term, but some people may experience side effects such as daytime sleepiness, but melatonin usually has fewer side effects than prescription blood pressure medications.
The Bottom Line
Melatonin may prove to be a safe alternative to blood pressure medications for people with mild high blood pressure. Further studies can help determine the best dose and timing for the supplement and whether it’s safe to take melatonin at these doses for longer periods of time. In the meantime, healthy lifestyle habits such as not smoking, limiting alcohol, doing aerobic exercise, and eating a heart-healthy diet also help with blood pressure control.
Keep tabs on your blood pressure too by monitoring at home and see how it changes in response to your lifestyle. You can buy monitors for home use. The advantage of this is you can measure your blood pressure at different times of the day and get a more accurate picture of how your blood pressure changes from morning to evening. Be sure to keep a record of your readings to show your physician. This gives them more information than they get from an isolated blood pressure reading when you go in for physical examination. Keep tabs on your blood pressure! It’s important to your future health and well-being.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Hypertension Prevalence and Control Among Adults: United States, 2015-2016”
- HealthLine.com. “5 Functions of the Pineal Gland”
- Hypertension. 2004 Feb;43(2):192-7. Epub 2004 Jan 19.
- WebMD.com. “How to Pick a Home Blood Pressure Monitor”
- WebMD.com. “Take Charge of Your Blood Pressure”
- Hypertension Research volume 36, pages682-683(2013)
- Curr Opin Lipidol. 2016 Aug; 27(4): 408–413. Published online 2016 Apr 25. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000314.
- Front Physiol. 2018; 9: 528.Published online 2018 May 17. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00528. | <urn:uuid:92cd2b41-fc25-45ba-b45b-9e6725c8deab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dev.cathe.com/can-melatonin-lower-blood-pressure-naturally/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.902175 | 1,377 | 3.015625 | 3 |
We recently held some anti-bullying sessions in our junior 1 and junior 2 classes. Please see below an article about this subject from De Been 100% Jiu Jitsu Wodonga.
As parents, do you ever worry that your child gets bullied at school?
Most schoolyard bullies literally use their size advantage to push around smaller kids. You don’t want your child to be a victim. If your child is not bully-proof they might be suffering from the following:
- Symptoms of anxiety
- Low self-esteem
- Low level of resilience
- Symptoms of depression
- Sleep disturbance
- School avoidance
- Poor academic performance
- Lack of quality friendships at school
Even though schools are aware of this, the victims don’t seem to report the incidents. They are scared to deal with it. What’s scarier is that bullying takes many forms. Your child might be too fearful to let you know about them. Sadly, the consequences of bullying might affect your child for the rest of their lives. We can work together to avoid this. We can work together to put an end to bullying!
Say No To Bullying. Let’s Raise Confident And Disciplined Kids Now
Our bully-proof program empowers children to be confident. The program does not encourage punching or kicking, instead, it teaches them ways to process situations and turn them to their advantage. We encourage our Juniors to use their minds and not their fists in situations where they may be intimidated or bullied. The BJJ Kids classes include games that offset technique so that the children find it easier to adapt with little to no difficulty. They learn the fundamentals of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu as well as how to apply these to protect themselves. Here are some reasons why you should enroll your child to our program:
- Your child will develop fundamental skills such as agility, balance, and coordination. This allows them to perform better physically
- Your child will develop resilience through basic techniques which will improve the coping skills necessary for their everyday lives
- Your child will learn to thrive and work hard so they can be more disciplined and driven to achieve their goals
- Your child will develop confidence which will enable them to face day to day challenges with a smile
- They will gain new friends while they enjoy martial arts.
Please do not hesitate to discuss this topic further with your class coach if you have any concerns. | <urn:uuid:69c01f5d-57f7-4343-aacf-16e0f38708a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://dbjjdarwin.com/?p=2937 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.947621 | 497 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Abu Dhabi National Oil Company plans to establish a ‘hydrogen ecosystem’ as it looks to meet growing global demand for the lighter and cleaner gas that is emerging as an alternative to fossil fuels.
Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed, who is vice chairman of the emirate’s Supreme Petroleum Council, directed the state oil company to "explore and pursue potential opportunities in the field of hydrogen projects” and “enhance” the UAE’s position in the field, the company said in a statement on Sunday as it detailed its investment plan for the next five years.
Adnoc’s plan to ramp up production of hydrogen, which is already used in its downstream sector, will help meet “emerging global demand” for the gas and for ammonia derived from it.
“Adnoc is well placed to lead the development of international value chains and establish a hydrogen ecosystem for the UAE in partnership with other Abu Dhabi entities,” the company said.
Adnoc has “many advantages” that would allow it to benefit from growth opportunities in the global market for the fuel. The state oil company will rely on existing modern and integrated infrastructure facilities as well as its rich reserves of natural gas to develop its hydrogen potential.
Saudi Arabia, the world's largest oil exporter, is also putting together a strategy to develop hydrogen production capabilities as it looks for alternative fuels to diversify its energy mix, according to the country's energy minister.
Hydrogen is being trialled as a promising alternative to fossil fuels, particularly in transportation. Clean hydrogen can slash green house gas emissions from the hydrocarbons sector by 34 per cent, according to BloombergNEF. The growth of hydrogen can fuel a €120 billion ($142.3bn) industry in Europe by 2050, according to Aurora Energy Research. Meanwhile, McKinsey estimates that the development of a hydrogen economy could generate $140bn in annual revenue by 2030 and help support 700,000 jobs in the US.
Earlier this month, Adnoc said it was exploring the potential for hydrogen as part of broader plans to lower its carbon intensity.
“We all have a role to play and we as an industry can do more on climate change,” Dr Sultan Al Jaber, Adnoc group chief executive and Minister for Industry and Advanced Technology told an online energy event.
“Adnoc is already one of the least carbon intensive producers in the world ... and [over] the next 10 years, we will reduce our greenhouse gas intensity by ... 25 per cent,” he added.
Hydrogen has become increasingly important as a viable alternative fuel in many global economies as they evaluate its potential as an alternative to hydrocarbons. Proponents and producers of hydrogen are also looking at ways to lower the element's carbon intensity since it is currently manufactured using large volumes of fossil fuel.
Several economies have made green hydrogen a key part of their renewable energy transition plans. Dubai plans to trial a hydrogen fuel cell-powered fleet of cars during next year's Expo event. | <urn:uuid:d3080af7-8521-4778-907a-eda4be7bb8dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/energy/adnoc-plans-to-develop-a-hydrogen-ecosystem-in-its-latest-spending-push-1.1115854 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.961411 | 634 | 1.96875 | 2 |
We discuss a common presentation in orthopaedics – knee pain. What could be causing your knee pain? The knee joint is made up of bones, cartilage, muscle, tendons and ligaments. There are many things which could cause knee pain by causing damage to a component of the...
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Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. These cookies do not store any personal information. | <urn:uuid:9214f382-7389-491a-bc58-29583e80f6fd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mrkumar.co.uk/2020/08/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.946922 | 253 | 1.664063 | 2 |
What will the impact of President Trump’s tax reform mean for you?
You can hardly open a newspaper these days without seeing commentary about President Trump and the Republican Congress. Whatever political side you’re on is irrelevant; the important thing is to stay on top of what the government is doing with respects to tax reform. Ultimately, it just might mean more money for your family.
Will President Trump Cut Taxes?
What do we know is going to happen? Since they were part of President Trump’s campaign platform, decreases in personal income tax rates are likely to be a part of a tax reform proposal. Readers who are old enough to remember President Reagan might recall that, during his first term, he implemented new economic policies that were referred to as Reaganomics. One of the largest cornerstones of Reaganomics was the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981. This Act lowered the top marginal personal income tax bracket by a whopping 20 percent, from 70 percent to 50 percent, and the lowest tax bracket from 14 percent to 11 percent. Sounds good, right? To the unsuspecting citizen, perhaps, but here’s the catch: after the Act was passed and personal income tax rates decreased, the Treasury Department’s annual tax revenues did not suffer at all, as one might expect they would. Tax revenues actually increased during Reagan’s two-term presidency – from 18.1 percent to 18.2 percent of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP)! And the reason that those revenues increased was because the Republican Congress quietly passed other laws that raised other types of taxes! Uh, oh!
The Effect of the Trump Tax Plan
The non-partisan Tax Policy Center expects that there will be $7 trillion added to the federal deficit over the next decade if President Trump’s plan to restructure the personal income tax brackets is made in to law. With the country’s debt amounting to over 104 percent of our Gross Domestic Product in 2015, a reduction in the personal income tax rates could have a far-reaching and devastating effect unless they get money from somewhere else. I’ve been talking a lot about the Death of the Stretch IRA, and this is exactly why I believe that it is imminent. If the President’s promise to change the personal income tax brackets is made into law and the unsuspecting voters are appeased, he and Congress will be looking for new ways to minimize its effects on the country’s cash flow. With an estimated $25 trillion being held in previously untaxed retirement plans, it seems likely to me that one of the first things they will consider is accelerating the tax bill that will be owed by individuals who inherit that money. After all, they still have more money than they did before they received their inheritance, right? Why complain, even if it is less than they could have had?
Tax Reform and the Death of the Stretch IRA
I’ve said it before and I’ll say it again – I believe that the Death of the Stretch IRA legislation will be included as part of a major tax reform bill because it provides a way to pay for the personal income tax cuts that our politicians have promised. And while any personal income tax reform will receive intense coverage by the media, any included legislation that spells the Death of the Stretch IRA will probably be completely overshadowed by news of the latest celebrity wedding in Hollywood. If you subscribe to this blog, though, you’ll be notified as soon as it happens, so that you can take whatever steps are appropriate for your own situation.
Impact of Tax Reform
Unfortunately, it’s unlikely that those personal income tax decreases will be permanent. Historically, when one administration reduces taxes, the next administration does the reverse. President Reagan’s eventual successor, George W. Bush, famously promised Americans “Read my lips, no new taxes!”, but was unable to keep his word because the Democratic-controlled Congress voted to raise them. So what will the impact of a major tax reform mean for you? Even if President Trump is successful in pushing a tax reform bill through Congress, they’re not likely to stay as low as what he has proposed. Could this mean that Roth IRA conversions might suddenly make sense to far more people than in the past? We’ll have to wait and see just how low these new tax brackets might go! Stop back soon for more ramblings!
For more information on this topic, please visit our Death of the Stretch IRA resource.
P.S. Did you miss a video blog post? Here are the past video blog posts in this video series. | <urn:uuid:6da74d14-d833-4407-a065-fbdad2b41f5c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://paytaxeslater.com/structuring-estate-plan-around-trumps-tax-reform/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970557 | 952 | 2.171875 | 2 |
With the fall season in full effect, any anglers looking to target largemouth bass will begin to notice fish habits changing as the temperature drops and will need to adjust their fishing styles accordingly. There are a variety of tactics for effectively catching bass this time of year. Under the right conditions, fall fishing can yield some of the best results all year.
Austin Redding, a senior majoring in business and marketing, has been fishing around Ellensburg since the first day he arrived for freshman year. “Fall can be a great time of year to go fishing, especially if you are trying to catch a big one. [Bass] have been out deep all summer and it’s time for them to start feeding and getting fat for the winter,” Redding said.
To read the entire article, please click on https://cwuobserver.com/15905/scene/bass-fishing-during-the-fall-transition/ | <urn:uuid:8a915e80-0dc6-4a89-bc59-438a6a4f6629> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.fishingbriefing.com/bass-fishing-during-the-fall-transition/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.94962 | 198 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Question: How To Remove Curry Stains From Clothes?
- 1 Are curry stains permanent?
- 2 Can baking soda remove curry stains?
- 3 Can toothpaste remove curry stains?
- 4 Can curry stains be removed?
- 5 How do I get curry stains off my surface?
- 6 How does baking soda remove stains from clothes?
- 7 Why does a yellow curry stain on a white shirt turn red when it is washed with soap?
- 8 Why do turmeric stains turn red?
- 9 How do you get curry stain off shellac?
- 10 Will elbow grease remove curry stains?
- 11 Does curry stain teeth?
- 12 How do you get a curry stain out of a plastic tablecloth?
Are curry stains permanent?
The complex combination of spices in curry is what gives the dish its wonderful, exotic flavor. Unfortunately, it is those same spices that can permanently stain if the curry spill is not removed quickly. They are even used to dye fabrics. Learn how to save your clothing, carpet, and upholstery after curry spills.
Can baking soda remove curry stains?
Linens. If the stain is oil-based and still wet—say, from a curry—wipe off as much as you can. Sprinkle a bit of cornstarch, baking soda, or flour onto the stain and leave for 20 minutes; this will help draw the oil out of the fabric.
Can toothpaste remove curry stains?
The simple homemade solution: toothpaste Gently dab on a drop of toothpaste onto the stain. Leave for a couple of hours to allow the toothpaste to work its magic. Wash the garment as usual.
Can curry stains be removed?
Just mix one tablespoon of liquid dish washing detergent with a tablespoon of white vinegar and around half a litre of cold water, then apply the solution to the stain with a clean cloth. Use a sponge to soak up the excess liquid, if there is any. Repeat the process until the stain disappears.
How do I get curry stains off my surface?
Create a cleaning solution that contains two tablespoons of white vinegar, one tablespoon of baking soda, and a cup of warm water. Mix thoroughly and apply the mixture to the yellow stains. Let the mixture do its work for half an hour before giving the area a good scrub with a scouring pad.
How does baking soda remove stains from clothes?
Make a paste of two to three parts baking soda to one part water. Rub the paste on the affected areas. 2. Leave for 30 minutes, then rinse and scrub the stain off or put the garment into the washing machine.
Why does a yellow curry stain on a white shirt turn red when it is washed with soap?
Curry contains turmeric powder and soap is basic in nature. Bases turn turmeric red. Hence, when soap (which is basic in nature) is scrubbed on the stain, the stain turns red. When the cloth is washed with plenty of water, the soap is removed and the yellow colour of the stain reappears.
Why do turmeric stains turn red?
Turmeric stains are red because of the presence of tartaric acid in it. As tartaric acid is an acid and when it washed with soap which contains sodium hydroxide which is a base.
How do you get curry stain off shellac?
- Place your hand on a towel.
- Use a cotton ball to lift off the excess curry.
- Spray the affected nails with hairspray. The alcohol will help to lift the stain.
- Use a cotton ball to wipe off the curry stain.
- Wash your hands with soap and water.
Will elbow grease remove curry stains?
Give the fabric a spritz with Elbow Grease. You can either leave for a while then wash or put in the machine straight away, depending on the severity. Particularly tough stains like turmeric, mustard, or curry are a thing of the past with this stuff.
Does curry stain teeth?
Curry, a spice that works well in Indian food and exotic dishes, is also a cause of discolored teeth. Its deep pigmentation can yellow teeth over time. Due to its high staining factor, curry is something you may want to limit in your diet.
How do you get a curry stain out of a plastic tablecloth?
Mix equal parts water and baking soda to build a paste, and simply apply the paste onto the container. Allow for the paste to dry for about 15 minutes, and scrub away with warm water. | <urn:uuid:abcafd4b-331a-4379-adad-d790e26af7de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mannatcollections.com/clothes/question-how-to-remove-curry-stains-from-clothes.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.914261 | 949 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Saturday, June 11
Salvador Dali And His Cats Suspended In Space
The photo above is by an American photographer Philippe Halsman in a collaboration with the surrealist artist Salvador Dali and was taken back in 1948.
The theme of the photo - titled Dali Atomicus - is suspension. Dali himself, the three cats, the water, the bucket and a footstool are all suspended in mid air.
The picture was created as a reference to Dali's painting Leda Atomica - which can be seen to the right of the photograph behind two of the suspended cats.
A copy of the painting Leda Atomica is shown below and depicts Leda, the Queen of Sparta, with a swan - again all are suspended: Leda isn't actually sitting on the pedestal and the swan, together with an egg, stools, a book and set square all 'float' around the central nude figure.
The model for Leda was Dali's wife Gala.
Salvador Dali himself describes his painting thus:
"Dali shows us the hierarchized libidinous emotion, suspended and as though hanging in midair, in accordance with the modern 'nothing touches' theory of intra-atomic physics. Leda does not touch the swan; Leda does not touch the pedestal; the pedestal does not touch the base; the base does not touch the sea; the sea does not touch the shore ..."
As with atomic level particles we do not touch upon other things either unless, perhaps, by a meaningful coincidence or synchronicity.
In mythology Zeus raped Leda in the guise of a swan on her wedding night, while she slept with her new husband Tyndareus. This resulted in two sets of twins where one of each was immortal and the other mortal. Never trust a swan! | <urn:uuid:7dffb5b9-8a05-4145-ac73-5c42b56ff9c4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.67notout.com/2011/06/salvador-dali-and-his-cats-suspended-in.html?showComment=1307802026821 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.951184 | 387 | 2.5 | 2 |
In an examination of alleged rebellion in the church, Pastor Jason Cooley compared rebellion in the sacred assembly to rebellion within the context of the biological family.
As an example, the pastor provided the illustration of a husband telling his wife to do one thing while the wife responds how she feels led by the Lord to go in another direction.
But provided that either alternative is equally godly, wouldn’t a loving husband take into consideration what the wife had to say and perhaps in many instances even defer to her suggestion?
So why wouldn’t a pastor worthy of respect as such do similarly?
Rev. Cooley insists that, since such indolence would not be tolerated in the home, it should be just as quickly punished in the church.
Pastors insisting that they should be obeyed without question or hesitation like a parent in general and a father in particular need to be reminded of a fundamental assumption that cannot really be altered.
That is you have no say into what family you are born; however, an adult is perfectly free to up and leave any church in which they do not feel that they are being respected as a free human being.
This legalistic pastor admonished in this same homily posted at SermonAudio that one cannot have a foot in what would be considered a strict congregation in terms of the expectations imposed upon the members and the other foot outside in terms of refusing to relent to pastoral obedience.
So does Cooley intend to bestow a blessing upon those that depart such congregations to attend those that still adhere to essential Christian doctrine but which do not deem it necessary to clamp down so tightly regarding secondary matters?
Or will he hint at Hellfire in the attempt to frighten people from looking for more psychologically or methodologically balanced churches?
In this sermon, Pastor Cooley also criticized those that set out to establish churches on their own without proper authority.
By that, does that mean he intends to repent of being a schismatic and to return to the Roman Catholic Church?
By Frederick Meekins | <urn:uuid:50d06064-7261-4395-8e05-d2e9bcf2fdd1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://redstate.com/diary/fmeekins/2015/12/14/tyrant-pastors-insist-congregations-viewed-like-dimwitted-children-n231762 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.971685 | 417 | 1.820313 | 2 |
DISCOVER THE ESSENTIAL PROGRAMMING ELEMENTS TO CONSIDER FOR YOUR NEXT WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT.
By Taryn Grisham, Senior Project Manager
When it’s time to build a new website (or update your existing one), there are several elements to consider when choosing a content management system (CMS). The right decision here will help ensure you can easily access and edit a centralized library of website pages, images, videos, and other content. So, what factors should be on your shortlist? I asked our Senior Programmer, David Francis, for all the details. Read on for his list of seven content management system considerations.
- Hosting costs
- Mobile performance
- Support options
Find out more about these considerations when choosing a content management system below.
How popular is the content management system you’re considering? This factor may seem trivial on the surface, but it can make a significant difference in the future. Commonly used content management systems usually have more modules and plugins available to enhance the functionality on your website. Well-known systems also tend to have more support options available in the forms of discussion boards, support chats, or live programmers. Learn more about the importance of support later in the article.
To take your website to the next level, consider the enhancements you want to make before choosing a content management system. Check to ensure your desired modules or website plugins are compatible with the CMS you’re thinking of choosing – or have your programmer or digital marketing agency check for you. Even if a web developer can customize your site within your content management system, these programming edits can come with a high price tag. WordPress is one CMS example with a high volume of plugins that can help you add “custom” features at a fraction of the cost.
Some content management systems may appear to suit your needs – but when you dig deeper, you may discover costly or cumbersome hosting requirements. It’s important to add up all relevant costs to determine your true project investment before diving in. Avoiding these specialty types of systems can help reduce overhead costs and long-term headaches.
Usability is another consideration when choosing a content management system. In addition to having plenty of enhancement options, WordPress is also one of the most user-friendly CMS options out there, as illustrated by its unmatched usage. It has countless plugins available to do just about everything a business would need, including a robust e-commerce solution.
Drupal is another CMS that can be easy to use with some training. But if the website isn’t programmed intuitively, it can quickly become overwhelming and frustrating. If you are the primary website contact at your company, will it be easy to get someone else to make changes to the website when you’re out of the office? If the answer isn’t favorable, it might point you toward a different content management system for your website redesign.
There are many other user-friendly content management systems to choose from. To help find the best solution for you, contact our Madison-area website development experts today.
One of our philosophies of a well-performing website is that you must continually work on them to get the most out of your investment. This strategy is called website improvement. When you’re choosing a content management system, consider how easy it will be to make continual changes to enhance your website’s performance over time. A CMS might make launching the website easy (especially when using a template-driven option like Squarespace or Wix), but also make sure that future changes aren’t complicated or cost-prohibitive. Having the flexibility to change your website over time is key to getting the most from your investment.
As mobile use becomes increasingly popular, thanks to tablets and smartphones, it’s no coincidence that most content management systems have adopted a mobile-first mentality. While many are mobile compatible, some aren’t quite there yet. For example, Drupal and WordPress are both capable options, while .NET based systems like DotNetNuke and Sitefinity are not up to par. If a significant portion of your audience visits your website from a mobile device, be sure to consider the mobile offerings of your CMS.
Learn more about the importance of mobile-friendly designs here.
When embarking on a website development project, choose an established content management system with a broad support base. Access to CMS developers will ensure you have people who can assist with any glitches, security breaches, and software updates. If you encounter a CMS with a large, experienced support team, it can also signal their commitment to upgrading functionality and security over time.
With guidance and research, choosing a content management system for your next website build can end up saving you time and money. Are you ready to turn your wireframes and ideas into reality?
Contact our Madison-area website development team to get started today. | <urn:uuid:e3fe47f5-4ce6-4391-a2d9-78a4429d3b40> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sortismarketing.com/blog/which-content-management-system-should-you-choose-madison-wisconsin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.906842 | 1,065 | 1.539063 | 2 |
By Dr. IPS Kochar, Paediatric & Adolescent, Endocrinologist & Diabetologist, Kochar Endocrine Clinic
Knowing when to ‘intensify’ diabetes treatment is crucial. In many instances however, this step is delayed because of variations in guideline recommendations, the high cost of newer medications and the physician’s desire not to increase the pill burden. Blood sugar control can suffer as a result of this delay increasing the risk of diabetes-associated complications.
Current diabetes treatment protocol
We know that all therapeutic decisions for diabetes have a single goal: ensure consistent blood sugar control and prevent tertiary complications associated with diabetes. We also know that now it is no longer sufficient to encourage patients to simply monitor their daily blood sugar levels but to consistently do the HbA1C test and make sure that optimal levels are maintained.
Most international guidelines such as the ADA 1 state that patients diagnosed with diabetes should take the HbA1C test every 3 months and the goal of optimal sugar control should be a score of 7%. The International Diabetes Federation however recommends that HbA1c levels be 6.5%.
My own experience has shown that while most patients adhere to medication and understand the importance of daily blood sugar monitoring, they need more encouragement to get their A1C levels checked regularly. This is perhaps one of the better ways to be sure that our treatment protocols are working. When patients cannot achieve optimal blood sugar control within 3 months, I believe that treatment intensification must be initiated to achieve target HbA1C levels and minimize diabetes-associated tertiary complications.
What is treatment intensification?
ADA guidelines recommend starting new patients on monotherapy with metformin, when lifestyle modification fails to achieve blood sugar control. Today several classes of diabetes drugs, each with their own mechanism of action to control blood sugar levels are available in India. The choice of medicines for intensification would be influenced by how well the prescribed treatment is controlling blood sugar levels, whether hypoglycemia is being managed well and whether the patient has any cardiovascular disease or other condition. In many cases the cost of the changed or additional medication could also play into the decision.
Early intensification, the better option if control is an issue
We now have evidence to show that early intensification of antidiabetic medicines is linked to higher reductions in A1C levels, better blood sugar control, reduced risk of cardiovascular events and diabetes-associated complications. 3 I must however point out that most of the evidence at our disposal is the result of international studies. India, in my opinion, certainly needs its own research to support the early intensification approach and find ways to customize diabetes management for our population.
In closing, I would like to urge my fellow physicians not to hesitate in altering existing treatment regimens or to intensify diabetes treatment in order to achieve adequate blood sugar control. As we do this, we must also counsel these patients on the need for treatment intensification and the importance of adhering to newer regimens.
To avoid a shortage and help ensure patients have access to an adequate supply of the medicine, FDA will not object to the temporary distribution of Sitagliptin containing NTTP above the acceptable intake limit of 37 ng per day, and up to 246.7 ng per day.
The acquisition marks the entry of the group in the state of Haryana. The upcoming integrated healthcare complex located on the Golf Course Road at Gurugram would be commissioned in a span of 24 months. | <urn:uuid:8a38da41-1ae6-4bbf-b181-e363af57c12e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/diagnostics/monitoring-treatment-outcomes-is-a-must-for-optimal-diabetescontrol-dr-ips-kochar/66642853 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.921614 | 712 | 2.359375 | 2 |
The mechanism of sleep depends on two factors: tiredness from staying awake and mental alertness. The first factor is mostly physical. The more work and activity that is engaged in during the day (or night) the more tired you become. The longer you go without sleep the more tired you get and the easier it is to sleep. The second factor depends largely on your state of mind. The feeling there is something important you are doing or waiting for will keep you awake. When you feel bored, lazy, or free you tend to fall asleep easily. Also, the threat of danger or a promise of excitement can easily keep you awake. This is why kids find it harder to sleep the night before a special occasion or during festive seasons. The anticipation of excitement will keep sleep far away.
The second factor, mental alertness, is also affected by anxiety. Both of them are related to the state of mind, they also share similar neurochemicals. People with anxiety disorders find it hard to sleep because the feeling of anxiety mimics a present danger. It doesn’t matter that the threat may be absent or insignificant. There are a few tips and ‘‘sleep hygiene” techniques that can help you sleep better. | <urn:uuid:e2c755e9-00bb-4003-a07a-eb9dc76d8385> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://zensleep.com.au/2019/10/01/sleep-guide-for-anxiety/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.960305 | 251 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Aging is one of the biggest contributing factors to nocturnal urination.
In older adults, the risk of nocturnal urination is higher because the body produces fewer hormones that play a role in preventing ADH urinary tract (also known as anti-urinary hormones).
This hormone helps the body retain fluids, limiting urination incontinence.
When ADH levels decline, it leads to increased urine production, especially at night.
The muscles in the bladder are also at risk of becoming weaker as the body’s aging cycle makes it more difficult to keep urine in the bladder.
Urinating at night several times can cause problems: insomnia, affecting psychophysiology.
In addition, night urination can increase the likelihood of falls and injuries in the elderly.
Treatment of frequent nocturnal urination depends on the cause.
Some activities can reduce the frequency of night urination such as: taking naps in the afternoon helps the body rest more; Higher foot millet or compressed socks enhance fluid circulation and can also help minimize the frequency of night urination.
Some diuretics that help encourage urination earlier in the day help reduce the amount of urine in your bladder at night.
If you have tried to control the situation but the urinary condition does not improve at night, see a doctor for timely treatment.
Repeated nocturnal urination can be a sign of age, due to side effects of medications being taken or from inflammatory diseases in the urinary tract…
Regularly urinating at night can make it difficult for you to get a full night’s sleep.
If you urinate more than 2 times per night, chances are you have had nocturnal urination several times.
In the most severe form, the person can wake up 5 to 6 times at night.
Night urination is most common in people over the age of 60. Nocturnal urination often leads to insomnia and it can be due to multiple causes or as a symptom of a pre-existing pathology:
Pathologies of the urinary tract
Nocturnal urination can occur in parallel with an acute condition related to the urinary tract. Urinary-related pathologies include:
Bladder stones, cystitis (bladder infections), kidney stones, nephritis (kidney infections), urinary tract infections (UTIs) ,…
These pathologies cause inflammation that causes the person to show signs of urination urgently (the need to urinate suddenly due to urinary tract spasms).
This symptom lasts from day to night and causes night urination several times. | <urn:uuid:ce1eab78-5706-403e-aa90-aa67e376d912> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://alleseuropa.net/ae-news-health-fitness/why-do-you-pee-at-night-so-many-times/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.932445 | 531 | 3.21875 | 3 |
|Guide||♦||6 Triplogs||3 Topics|
Gambler Tales and the dark side of Black House
Overview: Kin Klizhin is one of several major Chacoan outliers that are protected by the National Park Service at Chaco Culture National Historic Park. This site actually lies within an isolated section of CCNHP that is separate and detached from the main section of the park. "Kin Klizhin" means "Black Charcoal House" in the Navajo language.
History (part 1): Kin Klizhin is a small Chacoan great house that lies about 7 miles south and west of the South Gap entrance to "downtown" Chaco Canyon connected by a major Chacoan Road. Tree-ring dates collected by Florence Hawley in 1932 indicate that a major construction period occurred about A.D. 1087. This indicates that this Chacoan tower kiva site pre-dates the other prominent tower kiva site, Kin Ya'a, by about 19 years. Great Houses are thought to be ceremonial centers utilized by many surrounding communities. The Kin Klizhin Wash shows evidence of earthen dams and primitive irrigation canals thought to sustain an agricultural community. The tower kiva is located in the central part of the building at the back west wall standing 4 stories tall. The 15 foot diameter circular kiva was surrounded within a solidly-filled, rectangular masonry enclosure, adding to the massiveness and stability of the tower. Today, the walls of the tower kiva stand 28 feet above the ground. The interior of the tower kiva may have contained 3 or 4 floors and had a very special ceremonial function (more on this later...). Four stacked kivas may have been symbolic of the 4 worlds central to Puebloan belief. Some researchers suggest that the towering structures may have been used for signaling to other communities. Less than a dozen tower kivas are known to exist in the Chacoan world, several of them located just south of the Chaco Canyon core. They occur late in Chacoan times. The great house is fronted on the east by a D-shaped plaza enclosed by a wall. Most of this wall is covered by wind-blown sand and reduced to fallen, scattered masonry. The plaza does not appear to contain any structures. Plazas are important areas at modern pueblos, where many activities take place; public ceremonies, trading, community gatherings, and daily activities. Aerial photographs reveal that a prehistoric roadway passes Kin Klizhin. This road originates in Chaco Canyon, heading south from South Gap (a natural break in the mesa). After leaving the gap, the road turns west and leads directly to Kin Klizhin. From Kin Klizhin the road continues due west to the Kin Bineola Valley and passes one mile north of Kin Bineola great house. Outliers share many of the typical Chacoan traits, such as architecture, masonry, roads, great kivas, enclosed plazas, pottery, etc. Some researchers believe the outliers were established by the people of Chaco Canyon as they expanded their world and influence into surrounding areas. Others believe that local populations embraced the Chacoan world and culture and emulated the great houses and their impressive architecture. The relationship between the outliers and the people of Chaco Canyon is not well understood. Were the outliers independent or did they support and serve the people in the core?
History (part 2): Kin Klizhin is forever tied to the Navajo myth about "Noqoilpi" (The Gambler). According to Navajo oral tradition, the Gambler rode on a large reptile and enslaved humans who lost in games of chance to him. In debt to the Gambler, the enslaved were forever tasked with constructing great houses like those found in Chaco. Those that failed in their task were assembled at Kin Klizhin, "a dark place" where the Gambler came "to swallow their souls." Further interpretation is left to the reader's imagination...
Hike: As you leave the Visitor Center at Chaco Culture National Historic Park, travel 3 miles south on Route 57 and then another 9 miles west on an unnamed double-track. The unnamed double-track passes south of South Mesa and West Mesa roughly paralleling an ancient Chacoan road. As you dip into Kin Klizhin Wash at about mile 12, you'll spot the ruins to the south on a rise within the flood plain.
On the western side of the wash you will notice a fork in the double-track. Some Navajo ruins are located at the west fork. Take the south fork through some brush towards Kin Klizhin trail head. Sign the registry and complete a CCNHP trail pass and explore the Kin Klizhin ruins at your leisure. You are likely to have this site all to yourself (the last entry we saw in the registry was 10 days prior). You will likely be drawn to the spire of the tower kiva. Note the thickness of the masonry wall as it tapers towards the sky.
Don't ignore the plaza ruins to the east of the main site. Sand has filled the walls and plaza leaving only some exposed rubble in segments. Although not as abundant as I expected, there's still many fine examples of Chacoan black and white pottery sherds to be examined here. Gaze to the east and also to the west and spot remnants of the earthen dams built by the Chacoans.
The double-track continues west towards the Kin Bineola outlier ruins. About 2 miles east of Kin Klizhin we entered an area of sandy dunes - too much for my 2WD stock F-150 so we retrace our tracks back to Route 57.
Summary: Kin Klizhin was my second experience exploring a Chacoan outlier. HAZ hike descriptions now exist for 3 additional Chacoan outliers - Kin Bineola, Pueblo Pintado, and Kin Ya'a. Go experience one for yourself! Enjoy!
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Art and the Victorian Gold Rush Striking Gold In Australia
Artists include: Elizabeth Shepherd, Elizabeth Parsons, Tommy McRae, Samuel Thomas Gill, David Tulloch, George Lacy, George French Angas, Charles Doudiet, Edwin Stocqueler, George Rowe, William Strutt, Nicholas Chevalier, Eugene von Guérard, Thomas Balcombe, Arthur Esam, Cyrus Mason, Edward Roper, Emil Todt, Ernest Decimus Stocks, George Browning, Henry John Douglas Scott, Henry Winkles, Horace Burkitt, J Anderson, J B Henderson, John Godfrey, Thomas Wright, Walter Mason, Walter Withers, William Taylor Smith Tibbits, John Skinner Prout, George Baxter, Julian Ashton, O R Campbell, R S Anderson, Samuel Calvert, T G Moyle, Thomas Wright, Henry Gritten, Frederic B Schell, A Fullwodd
A period in focus –
The Art of the Victorian Gold Rush
William Strutt, On Route to the Diggings, 1852
This article is dedicated to, and inspired by, my great, great grandmother, Frances Davis Harley, who arrived on the Victorian goldfields in the 1850s[i].
The importance of sketches, paintings and prints as a record of everyday life on the goldfields can’t be understated, particularly as the use of photography was still in its infancy in the 1850s[ii]. These images provide a lively and honest view of this period, and equally importantly, demonstrate how life in Australia changed irrevocably as a result of the gold rushes.
The impacts of the goldrushes on our fledgling colony, the country our indigenous people had lived in for many tens of thousands of years, have been far greater than we might at first realise.
Edwin Stocqueler, Gold diggings, Ararat, c.1855
This article will focus primarily on the gold rush period in Victoria, where the impacts included:
Increase in migration, with a tripling of the population
Significant increase to wealth of the colony
The period known as “Marvellous Melbourne[iii]”
Major changes to architecture and lifestyles
Support for the development of the arts, and a greater market for the sale of art, particularly watercolours and prints (such as lithographs and etchings)
An increase in exports
Increase in the breath of skills in colony
Boost to local business - from produce through to manufactured goods
Strengthening of regional centres
Increase in the development of public institutions
Improvements in transport and communication – the railway, Cobb & Co coaches, and the telegraph
Introduction of Collective bargaining – Eureka stockade
Source of the term “Diggers”
Introduction of the notion of mateship
Growth of a multicultural more egalitarian society
Introduction of the eight hour day
Opportunity for a more prosperous life for ex-convicts
Denudation and destruction of land
Changing the way in which indigenous Australians lived
Introduction of new species of animals and plants, including rabbits and blackberries
Devastation of rivers and waterways
Racism and the White Australia Policy
Gold was first discovered at Mount Alexander (between Bendigo and Ballarat) about the same time that Victoria was established as an independent colony in July 1851.
Whilst there were numerous, mainly amateur, artists in Australia in the early to mid-1800s, the gold rushes attracted professional artists from overseas who were drawn, like so many others, by the lure of gold.
Some of these overseas artists included Eugène von Guérard, William Strutt, Nicholas Chevalier, S.T. Gill, George Rowe and Edwin Stocqueler.
To provide some context, in England artists such as John Constable[iv] and J.M.W. Turner[v] were prominent until about 1850, when new movements such as the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (1848), the Anglo-Japanese style (c. 1850) and the Aesthetic Movement (c. 1850) were becoming popular. By the 1880s the Arts and Crafts Movement was becoming a trend across Britain and then internationally.
In France, Realism[vi], which portrayed subjects of every day (particularly rural) life, by artists such as Camille Corot[vii], Gustave Courbet[viii] and Jean François Millet[ix], was a key artistic style from the early 1840s until about the 1870s. By the late 1860s artists such as Claude Monet were painting in an Impressionistic[x] style.
In comparison, with the exception of those produced by a handful of artists, many of the sketches, painting and prints produced during the Victorian gold rush period in Australia appear almost naïve. Nonetheless, they are mostly truthful portrayals of what the artists were seeing, which adds greatly to their historic value.
The gold rushes contributed to the wealth of the colony and influx of professional artists and teachers, and with that the growth of professional art bodies, school and galleries.
By the 1880s the Australian artistic voice had begun to be heard, with significant improvements in the quality of art being produced. And with an increasingly middle class population, the desire to purchase artwork as a mark of success led to a more sustainable market for paintings, particularly landscapes and portraits. Prints, such as lithographs, which could be produced much more cheaply, increased in popularity.
Striking Gold in Australia
New South Wales
In the 1840s geologists such as the Reverend William Branwhite Clarke were exploring for minerals. Clarke, who was principal at King’s School, Parramatta and later the rector at St Thomas’ North Sydney, discovered particles of gold around granite slabs near Hartley while exploring the Blue Mountains for fossils in 1841.
In 1844 he informed Governor Gipps of his finds and later claimed that the governor directed him to 'Put it away, Mr. Clarke, or we shall all have our throats cut'. Gipps’ view was that the elite free settlers and squattocracy would be concerned about the impact on a predominantly convict population. The discovery could lead to greater crimes or result in a convict rebellion brought on by greed for gold, and may have upset the status quo of the ordered convict society[xi].
This early response is likely to have delayed the development of the colony's mineral wealth[xii].
Edward Hammond Hargraves is credited with discovering the first payable goldfields in Australia, in New South Wales. In early 1851, after returning from the Californian Goldfields, he travelled to Wellington, near Bathurst. Together with local men John Lister and brothers William and James Tom, he started panning for gold at Lewis Ponds Creek. Hargraves taught the others how to make a Californian wooden cradle, which could be rocked from side to side so that the heavy gold particles were retained when the lighter gravel was sifted through it.
Walter Withers, Seeking for Gold, Cradling, 1893, Creswick Vic
On 12 February, they discovered flecks of gold in the creek. He named that part of the creek the FitzRoy Bar after the Governor, and the general area Ophir, after the biblical city of gold.
Hargraves was feted as a hero and was rewarded with £10,000 by the government and provided with an annual pension of £250. He was also given the position of Commissioner of Crown Lands for the gold districts. Hargraves became the subject of many portraits – often appearing as a hero. The painting below by Balcombe is in the Romantic Style, with Hargraves standing tall above the mountains, taking centre stage, with the horse positioned behind and below him.
T.T. Balcombe, Mr E.H. Hargraves returning the salute of the gold miners 5th of the ensuing May, June 1851
It was some decades before John Lister and the Tom brothers received formal recognition of their part in the discovery of gold, finally being acknowledged by a select committee of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1890[xiii].
Hargraves was keen to promote the search for gold and published articles in the Sydney Morning Herald to build support for gold mining, as well as lecturing on mining techniques.
Then, on 22 May 1851, the government announced the gold discovery, although it was concerned that both people in Sydney and those working on the land would leave their employment at the prospect of finding gold, and this concern was well founded.
Governor FitzRoy wrote to Earl Grey on 29 May reporting that 'thousands of people of every class are proceeding to the locality, - tradesmen and mechanics deserting certain and lucrative employment for the chance of success in digging for gold, - so that the population of Sydney has visibly diminished’[xiv].
Ophir became a canvas town overnight as tents were set up along the hillsides. Prospectors then moved into areas north of Bathurst along the Turon River. It was winter and heavy frost and rain quickly turned the diggings to mud.
New goldfields were then opened up from Sofala, Gulgong, Hill End and Bathurst in the Central West and south to new diggings at Lambing Flat (Young), Braidwood, Tilba Tilba and Kiandra in the Snowy Mountains.
As the news of the gold finds spread, people from other parts of Australia travelled to New South Wales. This was disastrous for Victoria, which had been a bustling region with a population of 77,000 free settlers, six million sheep and a lucrative wool trade worth £1,000,000 annually. Now, the streets of Melbourne were all but deserted and farms literally emptied[xv].
In response to this exodus, Governor Charles J La Trobe assembled a Gold Discovery Committee on 9 June, who decided that a reward of £200 would be offered to diggers who discovered payable gold within 200 miles of Melbourne. By September ‘diggers’ (the newly coined term which has since become part of Australia’s lexicon to refer to soldiers who fought in world wars, particularly the ANZACs of WWI[xvi]) descended upon Ballarat and surrounding areas.
In 1852, thousands came from Van Dieman’s Land on small steamers, or sailed, rode or walked from South Australia. Later in the year nearly 300 ships sailed into in Melbourne or Geelong from the British Isles. Then, in the following year, another 900 ships arrived bringing immigrants from the United States, China, Germany and the British Isles. Chinese diggers, who were mostly indentured labourers from mainland southern China sent to Australia, disembarked at Robe in South Australia and walked overland to the gold fields.
Nicholas Chevalier, Emigrants Landing at the Queens Wharf, Melbourne
The Mount Alexander goldfield, 60 kilometres north-east of Ballarat, (taking in the goldfields of Castlemaine and Bendigo) was one of the world's richest shallow alluvial goldfields. Here the gold lay just under the surface and the shallowness meant that diggers could just scrape back soil to discover gold nuggets. It yielded around four million ounces of gold, most of which was found in the first two years of the rush and within five metres of the surface [xvii].
Map of Victoria showing location of goldfields, State Library, Victoria
Although most gold nuggets were small, weighing only a few ounces, occasionally a miner would unearth a spectacular find. In 1858 the largest single mass of gold, the ‘Welcome’ nugget, was found at Ballarat by a group of Cornish miners in a shaft 55 metres deep. It weighed 2,217 oz (about 62 kg).
Approximately 10% of miners made substantial fortunes and another 10% made enough to invest in a farm or business, while most miners just managed to sustain themselves[xviii]. Some lost money, considering the cost of getting to the goldfields and the purchase of their equipment.
Between 1850 and 1900, Bendigo produced the most gold in the world. The deep mines were never exhausted – despite having 140 shafts that went down more than 300 metres below surface level[xix].
S T Gill, Deep Sinking,
Bakery Hill, Ballaarat, 1853
Other finds within Australia
Significant deposits were discovered in Tasmania from 1852, in Queensland from 1857 and in the Northern Territory from 1871. In the 1890s a new series of rushes were triggered by the discovery of huge gold fields at Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie in Western Australia[xx].
Impacts of the Gold Rush in Victoria
As most of the population until the 1850s comprised either government officials, free settlers or convicts from England, Ireland and Scotland, immigration in response to the gold rushes resulted in some significant changes to the developing colony.
For the first 50 years of settlement about 40 per cent of the total colonial population in Australia were transported convicts – between 1788 and 1868 approximately 170,000 men and women, and some children, had been transported.[xxi]
During that time, wealthy squatters and landowners became heavily dependent on cheap convict labour.
However, opposition to transportation[xxii] had become a major issue in New South Wales in the 1830s, with the main opponents to it being the urban-dwelling, immigrant middle and working classes. Between 1830 and 1850 about one third of migrants who had come to Australia had paid their own way.[xxiii]
Finally, in August 1840, an Order in Council which prohibited transportation to the east coast of Australia became effective - with the final shipment of convicts arriving in Sydney in 1850, and Tasmania in 1853. However, shipments to Western Australia (still a separate colony) continued until January 1868.
Not surprisingly, once the discovery of gold was known about overseas, immigration quickly increased, with people from England, Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, America, Canada, the Caribbean and China flooding to Australia hoping to find gold.
It’s estimated that between 1851 and 1871 the Australian population quadrupled from 430,000 people to 1.7 million. Many new immigrants were educated and from middle-
class or merchant backgrounds.
George Baxter, Australia - news from Home, c1853
In Victoria, the gold rush saw a tripling of the population - from 77,000 in 1851 to 237,000 in 1854 and then to 411,000 by 1857.
Eugene von Guérard, Chinese in Melbourne, 1854
Elizabeth Parsons, Chinaman's Hut. Daylesford. c 1880
The largest group were the Chinese - in 1855 there were about 20,000 Chinese on the Victorian diggings.
During 1852, which was the peak year of the gold rush, 90,000 people arrived in Melbourne.
More than 160,000 women were among the 600,000 who arrived in Victoria between 1851 and 1860[xxiv] and unsurprisingly, there was also a significant increase in both marriages and the birth rate in the 1850s and 60s.
Establishing Digging Sites in Victoria
Most new immigrants arrived at the Melbourne port, although Geelong was closer to the gold sites. Melbourne’s Southbank became a tent town, acting as a staging ground for new arrivals before they headed to the fields. Initially, they followed the old bullock tracks, forged by the squatters and the early settlers of the district.
However, Chinese diggers, who were mostly indentured labourers from mainland southern China sent to Australia, disembarked at Robe in South Australia and walked overland to the gold fields.
S T Gill (attrib. to), Canvas Town, Melbourne's tent town in the 1850s. (The road in the middle became St Kilda Road and the NGV now stands near the butcher’s tent on the left)
On August 31 1852 Bendigo storekeeper William Kidd wrote:
"People are flocking in from all countries now, and there is not accommodation for a tenth of them. Some have to sleep in sheds, &c., who never knew anything but a feather-bed in England. We have had very heavy rains lately; several people have been drowned on their way to and from the diggings in attempting to swim the creeks, as the Government does not think of putting any bridges where required; indeed, the people are beginning to murmur against the abominable way in which our government is carried out."[xxv]
Edward Roper, Gold diggings, Ararat, c.1855
S T Gill, Township of Ballaarat from Baths Hotel, showing part of the Camp and the Logs, 1855
The towns they moved to were also originally made of tents, such as Bendigo, Ballarat, Castlemaine, Daylesford, and Creswick. (In 1847 the Ballarat township boasted some huts, a store, a hotel, a doctor and a church.)
Caroline Chisholm[xxvi], who had demonstrated great concern and support for migrants during the early 1800s, set up a female Immigrants' home in Sydney in the 1840s and, together with her husband, gained sufficient patronage to establish a Family Colonization Loan Society to assist families to emigrate to eastern Australia and to find employment on arrival. Chisholm toured the Victorian goldfields in 1854, and proposed that a series of shelter sheds along the routes to the diggings be built to help make travelling conditions more comfortable. With some government help, ten shelters were under construction by the end of 1855[xxvii].
S T Gill, The New Rush, 1865
Prospectors often walked to the fields, sometime pushing wheelbarrows, or carrying their supplies of tents, shovels, sieves, cradles, buckest, pickaxes, blankets, cooking utensils and flour, tea and sugar.
They were accompanied by workers involved in a large number of support industries: carpenters, blacksmiths, foundries, provisioners, banks with vaults and lines of credit, hotels, and, much to the dislike of colonial authorities, taverns, breweries and distilleries[xxviii].
Local settlers responded to the growing need for supplies by people on their way to the goldfields. For example, brothers Dr Robert and George Hope, who held grazing leases at Batesford near Geelong, built a flour-mill on the Moorabool River and another on the Barwon River near Inverleigh, and supplied meat, bread and vegetables to the diggers on the route from Geelong to the goldfields.
To address the shortages as the population grew, land around Melbourne was allotted to selectors, typically urban working and lower middle-class men and women, on the provision they cleared it and made it productive within five years.
Without refrigeration, produce was best grown close to the city and the Dandenongs, Warrandyte, Yarra Valley and beneath Mount Macedon were popular sites.
Thomas Wright, Sandhurst in 1862
S T Gill, Forest Creek, Mt Alexander, 1852
Rough tracks were created between the goldfields and these would be dotted with shops, grog shanties and amusements halls, usually built of canvas on a wooden frame. Wooden buildings began to appear at the larger sites and settlements were formed with houses, hotels, dance halls, shops, and public buildings[xxix].
Fields became filled with tents, lean to huts and the diggings themselves, with mounds of spoil.
Edward Roper, The Goldfield of Australia 1858, Ararat
William Bentley, Mt Alexander Gold Diggings, 1853
By 1862 a railway line had been built between Geelong and Ballarat and in 1889 the Melbourne to Ballarat line was opened.
The legendry Cobb & Co[xxx] coach company was also established in 1853 to service the Victorian goldfields. Mail contracts were awarded to the company which operated a gold escort, passenger and mail service based on their reliable and efficient schedules. Cobb & Co became a success and household name across Australia, operating for 70 years.
William Bentley, Mt Alexander Gold Diggings, 1853
Arthur Esam, Cobb and Co Coach, Pakenham, 1889
At the same time, the telegraph was introduced in Victoria by an Irish-Canadian engineer named Samuel Walker McGowan, who won the contract to erect 'a line of electric telegraph between Melbourne and Williamstown'. The first electric telegraph line in Victoria opened in March 1854 and by December the telegraph line to Geelong was completed. The telegraph was used effectively to share shipping information and European news[xxxi], however, the first message sent to Melbourne gave news of the Eureka Stockade.
Samuel Calvert, Planting the first pole on the Overland Telegraph line to Carpentaria, Melbourne, c1870
There was a government camp on each goldfield with gold commissioners, police, and soldiers, usually situated on a hill overlooking digging. Their responsibility was to manage the licensing system, adjudicate mining disputes, issue licences for stores and other businesses, prosecute sly grog dealers and respond to other crimes.
Edward La Trobe Bateman (attrib to) The Government Camp. May Day Hill, Ovens. Australia, ca. 1852-1881
Some towns grew out of the diggings, such as Castlemaine, but as other goldfields were decimated, diggers would move on, “leaving behind wrecked shaftheads and mounds of muck, rivers filled with sludge, hillsides scoured down to clay or bedrock, or river flats so sluiced that they became fields of stone”.[xxxii]
Ernest Decimus Stocks, Buninyong from Bowen Hill, 1875
Building a Democratic Society
Because gold attracted people from all classes of society, from convicts who’d served their sentences, people (mainly young men) seeking a quick fortune, farmers, professionals, tradespeople, craftsmen, the established middle class and artists, the goldfields became a melting pot where prospectors tended to be labelled by the period they’d spent on the fields – ie whether they were ‘old chums’ or ‘new chums’. Generally, living at close quarters meant that people from different countries and different backgrounds learnt to live comfortably with each other.
The term ‘mate’, which had initially referred to a two-man digging partnership, became extended to include a larger group of four to six people working a claim, and then more generally to comradeship. As Donald Horne wrote “it did not matter what people had been before, what mattered was how they would react to the challenges of the diggings”[xxxiii]. Mateship as a term has endured in Australia and embodies equality, loyalty and friendship.
Emil Todt, The Gold Diggers, 1854, Melbourne
This sense of mateship and fair play was evident during the events which led up the Eureka Stockade[xxxiv] rebellion in 1854 (which resulted from an unfair licensing system and an intense dislike of policing methods) and this event is credited with influencing moves towards a democratic form of government.
George Lacy, First Commissioner Hardy Collecting Licences - Diggers Evading, c 1851
Rafaello Carboni, the only eyewitness to give a full account of the incident, wrote about the licensing system:
“One fine morning … I hear a rattling noise among the brush. My faithful dog, Bonaparte, would not keep under my control. "What's up?" "Your licence, mate," was the peremptory question from a six-foot fellow in blue shirt, thick boots, the face of a ruffian, armed with a carabine and fixed bayonet. The old "all right" being exchanged, I lost sight of that specimen of colonial brutedom and his similars, called, as I then learned, "traps" and "troopers." I left off. work, and was unable to do a stroke more that day”.
“The search for licences, or "the traps are out to-day"—their name at the time—happened once a month. The strong population now on this gold-field had perhaps rendered it necessary twice a month. Only in October, I recollect they had come out three times”. [xxxv]
Charles Doudiet, Burning of the Eureka Hotel, 1854
J B. Henderson, Eureka Stockade riot, Ballarat, 1854
Geoffrey Blainey commented in 1963 that:
"Eureka became a legend, a battlecry for nationalists, republicans, liberals, radicals, or communists, each creed finding in the rebellion the lessons they liked to see." ..."In fact the new colonies' political constitutions were not affected by Eureka, but the first Parliament that met under Victoria's new constitution was alert to the democratic spirit of the goldfields, and passed laws enabling each adult man in Victoria to vote at elections, to vote by secret ballot, to stand for the Legislative Assembly"[xxxvi]. (‘Adult male’ did not mean indigenous males.)
This didn’t apply to all races, and the Chinese, in particular, were not treated well. (The pressure of anti-chinese feelings led the NSW government to introduce the Immigration Restriction Act and Regulations in 1861 in order to reduce numbers of Chinese immigration, and paved the way for the first piece of Federal government legislation in 1901 - the Immigration Restriction Act, which became known as the “White Australia policy”.)
Horace Burkitt, Creswick Chinese Camp, 1859
Australia’s Indigenous Population
The impact on Australia’s Indigenous population was significant, with non-indigenous prospectors showing little regard for the Aboriginal people’s ownership of and relationship to the land they were mining.
However, Aboriginals did participate in activities on the goldfields. In his paper, Black Gold Aboriginal People on the Goldfields of Victoria, 1850-1870, Fred Cahir writes:
“Their experiences, like those of non-Indigenous people, were multi-dimensional, from passive presence, active discovery, to shunning the goldfields. There is striking and consistent evidence that Aboriginal people, especially those whose lands were in rich alluvial gold bearing regions, remained in the gold areas, participated in gold mining and interacted with non-Indigenous people in a whole range of hitherto neglected ways, whilst maintaining many of their traditional customs[xxxvii]”.
Tommy McRae, Scenes from Aboriginal Life, Aboriginal dancers and animals, including emus and lizards, taking part in a ceremony, 1862
Their roles included acting as police, gold escorts, guides to new goldfields, bark cutters, trackers, postal deliverers, child minders, fur merchants, bushrangers, entertainers, prostitutes and prison guards.
Cahir also states that:
´there is no evidence that Aboriginal people attached any great economic or spiritual significance to the heavy yellow metal” but “much evidence shows Aboriginal people quarrying for crystal, greenstone, sandstone, obsidian, kaolin, ochres and basalt across Victoria”[xxxviii].
Eugene von Guérard, Aborigines met on the road to the diggings, 1854
Native Police Encampment, Thomas Ham Engraver, 1854
Life on the Goldfields
‘Homes’ on the goldfields were usually calico tents (although some diggers built slab or bark huts) with only an outside fire for cooking, with boxes, chests, sacks or tree trunks for furniture. Meals mainly comprised mutton chops, damper and pannikins of tea.
Writing about life on the goldfields, historian Donald Horne said:
“In some ways the gold rushes were like a kind of safe, minor military campaign for which a man would volunteer with growing affection for the rest of his life: there were not many deaths; there was plenty of fresh air and there were the excitements of failure or success, the bonds of exclusive comradeship, and the feeling of free choice that can come from an unpredictable event”[xxxix].
This is somewhat of an idealised view, as many diggers were ruined as they didn’t find enough gold to support themselves, ‘homes’ were rough, women had a tough life, mostly acting in support roles, illness followed the seasons, and the cost of supplies could be highly inflated. Pigs, fowls, dogs and goats ran riot on the streets in townships.
Eugene von Guérard, Georg Griffiths and Carl James Morgan, Tent, Ballarat, 16 July 1853
S T Gill, Butcher's Shamble, Forest Creek, 1869
Diggers faced a continual battle to keep flies, cockroaches and spiders from food, bedding and themselves. Water was often contaminated from multiple use, so infections and fevers were quickly spread. Toilets were drop holes dug into ground and raw sewerage ran in open drains throughout mining townships. Dysentery was the curse of the Ballarat goldfields in the 1850s, taking a particularly heavy toll on infants[xl].
There were only two private tent hospitals set up by medical practitioners in Ballarat (neither of which were available for birthing), and a third at the Government camp, that was initially for Government servants only.
However, people on the goldfields found many ways to entertain themselves.
S T Gill, Dancing Saloon & Grog Shop Main Road Ballarat, May 30th 55, 1855
John Skinner Prout, Night Scene at the Diggings, c 1852
Walter Mason, Diggers at a Sly Grog Shop warned of the approach of a Commissioner, 1857
Diggings often had an improvised main street with ‘shops’ selling supplies, eating-houses, theatres, saloons, sly-grog booths, brothels and gambling dens. Impromptu music was popular with fiddles, banjos, accordions and pipe and brass instruments.
Singing and dancing were also popular in the canvas theatres. Unfortunately, alcohol abuse on the Victorian goldfields was considered to be at epidemic levels between the 1850s and 1860s [xli] and had particularly severe consequences on Aboriginal communities.
The betting game of ‘two-up’ (now played nationally in Australia on Anzac day) was also popular.
The Sabbath was observed by many, and church meetings were common, with people wearing their ‘Sunday Best’.
Cyrus Mason, Open Air Services at the Diggings, 1854
Women on the Goldfields
The majority of women on the goldfields juggled between assisting with gold digging and undertaking domestic duties and rearing children. Immigrant Sarah Davenport[xlii] wrote:
“we had not been thair maney days when me and another wife whent a looking around the hills we had each a knife and a tin plate to get goold in if we shold find anny ...i soon picked up a piece about a quarter of an ounce".
In 1854 only 208 of over 4,000 women (only five percent were single) living on the Ballarat goldfields were officially recorded as being in paid employment, mostly as domestic servants. Some women worked as storekeepers, running tearooms or boarding houses, milliners and dressmakers.
Elizabeth Shepherd/Woodmansey, Simmons Reef, Mount Blackwood, 57 Miles from Melbourne, Victoria, 1858
Fro example, in the painting above, you can see a shop sign E Shepherd, with the artist and child standing in the doorway.
The infant mortality was high, with one quarter of all the recorded deaths in Ballarat being children under five[xliii]. Women often took on the role of untrained ‘nurses’ and lay midwives. (In 1862 the Royal Women's Hospital in Melbourne began training nurses as 'ladies monthly nurses' who, having observed one hundred births and assisted at births under supervision, were qualified as midwives.[xliv])
However, by the end of the 1850s in Castlemaine, women were working in a number of traditional male occupations such as printers, cattle dealers, quarry workers, brick makers, and blacksmiths[xlv].
The 1861 Census of Victoria showed that women were performing many roles normally undertaken by men across goldrush communities.
William Strutt, Victoria the Golden, c.1851
S T Gill, Zealous diggers Bendigo, 1854
Becoming a Wealthy Colony
As a newly proclaimed colony, Victoria suddenly found itself very wealthy.
Profits from the sale of gold were often reinvested back into local communities as successful diggers took up businesses and farms. Banks and lending societies sprang up and in 1857 Main Street Ballarat was lined for 2.5km with stores, hotels and workshops[xlvii]. (The Art Gallery of Ballarat, which was Founded in 1884, is the oldest and largest regional gallery in Australia.)
Ballarat enjoyed a natural protection from overseas and interstate competition. Proximity to markets and protection from imported grain by distance and freight costs were key to its success. Goods were supplied locally and the manufacturing of candles, soap, boots, harness, agricultural implements and many other items were boosted.
Weston Bates wrote "Miners’ clothing and equipment, their high protein food and housing needs stimulated primary and secondary industry to a degree not experienced in pastoralism and agriculture”[xlviii].
Historian Geoffrey Blainey wrote that before the discovery of gold, graziers were at the mercy of fluctuating overseas prices for wool. But the new population brought by the gold fields meant they could profit from local demand for meat and hides.
"The demand for meat and hides meant that Victoria’s cattle population doubled and the breeding of horses as ‘engines’ for puddling machines, drays and coaches became profitable".[xlix]
William Taylor Smith Tibbits, Residence of Mr Robert Mark, Scarsdale, c1870s
Nicholas Chevalier, Gum Trees, Pool and Cattle Victoria, c 1860, National Gallery of Australia
Most middle-class immigrants returned to the larger towns and Melbourne after the initial rush where many became prominent in business, politics and law. They helped in the development of institutions such as churches, schools, hospitals, newspapers, libraries and sporting clubs.
Immigrant artists became involved in teaching and setting up formal art societies and galleries, with the National Gallery Art School, School of Design, accepting its first students in 1867.
William Tibbits (attrib to) The Victorian Artists Society
Fletchers St Gallery, Collins Street
The growing wealth of Victoria was particularly evidenced in the significant growth of Melbourne and improvements in the lifestyle of Melbournians, which by the 1880s was known as Marvellous Melbourne[l]. Jobs came from new factories, new roads and railways, house-building (in 1861 about a third of the population in Victoria was still living in tents, huts or canvas houses) and all the support industries necessary to sustain such a large population. Building workers gained and eight hour day (although the eight hour movement was slow to spread to other industries and colonies) and a Trades Hall was established in Melbourne[li].
George Rowe, View of the City of Melbourne, 1858
1880s panorama of Melbourne - with one of worlds earliest great skyscraper buildings
A degree of economic stability was achieved through the increase in the size of the labour force, with gold as an export that was practically immune to market shocks. The economy became less prone to the effects of changes in international markets.
Impacts on the Environment
But this prosperity came at a cost. The gold rush disrupted and rapidly destroyed ecosystems which had been largely undisturbed for millions of years, and put increasing pressure on the native flora and fauna.
Charles Lyall, View over a goldfield, c 1854
Eugene von Guérard, Warrenheip Hills near Ballarat, 1854, National Gallery of Victoria
And the paintings of the time depict this – consider the stark contrast between the landscapes depicting rolling hills and grassed valleys, and the denuded country of the goldfields.In many areas, once diggers had felled trees and cleared land, they moved on to another site where the process was repeated. Creeks were muddied and dammed, and entire river beds diverted or washed Creeks were muddied and dammed, and entire river beds diverted or washed away This led to a significant range of environmental issues, such as soil erosion, the decline of water quality and salinity, the growth of noxious weeds and extinction of native animals[lii].
Charles Lyall, View over a goldfield, c 1854
George Rowe, Ballarat, 1858, Dixson Galleries
As a writer of the time, William Howitt, predicted:
“...we had quietness and greenness, and the most deliciously cool water, sweet and clear. But this quietness and greenness cannot last. Prospectors will quickly follow us. We foresee that all these bushy banks of the creek will be rapidly and violently invaded. The hop-scrubs will be burnt, the bushes in and on the creek cleared away, the trees on the slope felled, and the ground torn up for miles around. The crystalline water will be made thick and foul with gold-washing; and the whole will be converted into a scene of desolation and discomfort"[liii].
Henry Winkles, View of a Goldfield, Victoria, c1853
There were also great economic incentives to introduce new plants and animals, with the realisation that reliance on gold and wool to maintain the economy would not be sustainable.
The Royal Society of Victoria argued for an increase the colony’s range of agricultural products by experimenting with a varied range of plants – particularly those from Britain with which they were most familiar, including wheat, barley, oats, potatoes, cabbages, cauliflower, peas, beans, onions, carrots, parsnips, apples, pears, plums, cherries, apricots, peaches, figs and walnuts[liv]. Many of these plants adapted well, but in the 1860s, Ferdinand Von Mueller, who was then director of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Melbourne, spread Blackberry seeds from his saddlebag while on travels through Victoria. Blackberries have continued to be a major concern for agriculturalists as they are extremely difficult to eradicate. English hedging plants hawthorn and gorse were also introduced and these became weeds that ran wild and choked native plants.
A large number of animals were also introduced, and in 1859 rabbits were released near Geelong as ideal hunting game - they quickly became one of Australia’s greatest pests as they multiplied in plague proportions. Buffalos were also introduced and destroyed vegetation with their heavy hooves. Cats were commonplace at gold diggings and cats hunted small marsupials and birds, often becoming feral.
William Strutt, Preparing to Start, Thomas Ham Engraver
Not only were fish such as trout introduced, but also European carp - which have remained an ongoing problem in stirring up silt and muddying rivers and dams, decreasing their nutrient levels.
The era of the goldrushes was a defining period in Australia’s history. It brought with it a range of improvements, from an increase in wealth, to skilled and culturally diverse immigrants, to major developments in all areas of infrastructure, health and science, together with greater independence from England. But just as this legacy of growth endures, so does the legacy of denudation and the introduction of species which have upset the country’s ecosystem. Some people made their fortunes, which provided increased opportunities for future generations, others paid heavily for the investment in prospecting, or living on land being taken over by miners.
The notions of mateship, egalitarianism and the digger spirit can be linked to the goldfields, as can a move towards a democratic society. Unfortunately, the converse was the introduction of the White Australia policy and the lack of recognition of Australia’s first people as citizens. Women had the opportunity, often driven be necessity, to take on a range of roles previously only available to men, but their place in society still remained limited, and their experiences and contributions are largely hidden in Australia’s history.
The Art and Artists of the goldfields of Victoria
The style of art during the key decades of the gold rush period is known as Colonial[lv] art and the subjects that were most popular were landscapes, seascapes, portraits (which drew valuable commissions) and views of townships and homesteads.
In particular, it was a period when the everyday life of those involved in the goldrush was portrayed. Little was idealised in the 'romantic' style of European art, except when painted by overseas artists such as Chevalier and von Guérard, who had studied in this style.
These and other professional artists who attracted by the goldrushes were bringing with them their own values about art and art styles, as well as training in technique, composition, and colour, and this added to the development of art in Australia.
Edward Roper, Christmas in the Colonies, A Christmas dinner at the Diggings.
Not surprisingly, the professionalism of art in Victoria increased markedly between the 1850s and 1880s. This came about largely as a result of a push by artists who were strongly motivated both make a name for themselves, but also to establish a strong arts culture. The increasing wealth in the colony, and a growing middle class, provided opportunities for an arts culture to flourish. Most importantly, money was spent on public bodies which enabled this to occur.
Melbourne University was established in 1853, and began to admit women in 1880 (except in study of Medicine), the first town hall building was completed in 1854, the Public Library, now known as the State Library of Victoria, opened in Melbourne in 1859, and the National Gallery of Victoria opened in the 1860s, with the Government granting it the princely sum of £2000 to purchase art work.
This led to the establishment of the National Gallery School, private schools and galleries and budding art societies. (However, the trustees of public bodies were conservative men whose idea of high art was classical and academic painting and sculpture from England and Europe, making it more difficult for a younger generation of artists to develop a unique style more suited to country with a very different history and way of viewing the world.)
By the 1880s, artists such as McCubbin, Streeton, Roberts, Boyd, Sutherland and many others were becoming interested in representing an Australian impression of our landscapes, borrowing in part from French Impressionism. By the 1880s there was also a greater market for oil painters.
Paintings and Prints of the Goldfields
In reviewing the art of the goldfields, it’s clear to see that the value of much of the work lies in its recording of the miners at work, together with those in support industries. Some activities recorded faithfully, others with a touch of humour.
Many people in the camps wanted mementos or pictures to send home to family and friends or simply to collect for themselves. They were interested in easily transportable works on paper – watercolours, lithographs and etchings.
Other key subjects were larger scale works of camps, with families, shops, entertainment, hunting and animals.
Paintings also record key activities that took place which shaped Victoria at the time, such as; massive immigration; the development of regional centres; improvements in transport and communication; the railway; Cobb & Co coaches; the telegraph; Eureka stockade; the building of Marvellous Melbourne; the impact on Aboriginals; racism toward the Chinese; denudation and destruction of land and the introduction of new species of flora and fauna.
Prints from The Picturesque Atlas of Australasia
A number of publications included prints from the goldfields, including the Illustrated Australian Magazine, Illustrated Melbourne News, Illustrated Melbourne Post and the Picturesqure Altas of Australia which was produced in the 1880s.
Numerous artists painted at the goldfields with varying degrees of proficiency. Unfortunately, I can only find two women professional artists, Elizabeth Parsons and Elizabeth Shepherd Woodmansey, who have extant paintings from this time. No doubt there were other professional and amateur women artists who painted related scenes, although during this period it would have been difficult for women to be supported as an artist, travel to the goldfields for the purpose of painting, and to receive acknowledgement and payment for their work.
Elizabeth Shepherd, Simmons Reef, Mount Blackwood, 57 Miles from Melbourne, Victoria 1858, 1882
It appears that Elizabeth Shepherd may have lived on the goldfields as the owner of a shop, as the name ‘E Shepherd’ is prominently signed above the shop in her painting. Little is known about her except that according to the National Library she came to Victoria in September 1855 and lived there until February 1884. A similar version of this painting is signed by Elizabeth Woodmansey and dated 1882 – presumably her married name. (It’s possible that she married a John Woodmansey and travelled to the UK after his death in 1884.)
Elizabeth Parsons, A Country Lane, Woodend, c1875
Elizabeth Parsons (1831–1897) painter and printmaker, arrived in Melbourne from England in 1870 and she quickly established a name for herself – teaching art students from her home. Her landscape paintings were also represented in several major Melbourne and international exhibitions.
One of the first professional women artists to work in Victoria, she exhibited with Heidelberg School artists Tom Roberts, Frederick McCubbin, Arthur Streeton and Charles Conder.
Parsons was the first and only woman to be elected to the prestigious Victorian Academy of Art council, a position she held for two years. She was also the only woman artist amongst those whose works were selected for inclusion in the Art Union of Victoria’s 1880 illustrated publication of Henry Kendall’s poem, Orara.[lvi]
Elizabeth Parsons, At Berwick, 1882
Tommy McRae, Squatter with Aboriginal Stockman, near Chinese man amongst trees, Wahgunyah Region, Victoria, 1881
Tommy McRae, Aboriginal man chasing Chinese man and Aboriginal men fighting, Wahgunyah Region, Victoria, 1881, NLA
There was also at least one indigenous artist depicting the impact of the life on the goldfields - Tommy McCrae.
Tommy McRae (c.1835–1901), was the most prolific nineteenth-century Aboriginal artist from south-eastern Australia, who produced several books of drawings, and boosted his income from the sale of his artworks. His Aboriginal names have been recorded as Yackaduna or Warra-euea, and he was probably from the Kwatkwat people, whose country stretched south of the Murray River near the junction of the Goulburn River in Victoria[lvii].
His books mostly recorded traditional Aboriginal life, such as ceremonies and scenes of hunting and fishing. He also produced a number of sketches which included squatters and Chinese.
Samuel Thomas Gill
The artist who was probably the most prolific on the goldfields was S T Gill, producing numerous watercolours. On his headstone he is referred to as The artist of the Goldfields.
Samuel Thomas (S. T.) Gill (1818 – 1880) arrived in South Australia, from England, at the age of 21. He arrived with his parents and siblings on the Caroline in 1839, and almost immediately began his career as a watercolourist, illustrator and printmaker.
According to art historian Sasha Grishin, Gill may have learnt art from his father who was an amateur poet and artist, as well as from drawing masters within his family and at Dr Seabrook’s Academy, which he attended as a boarder. He also apparently received training in lithography and engraving in London.
Grishin writes that Gill may have worked as a carver and gilder in Plymouth and subsequently studied with artists in London, where it appears he worked as a draughtsman and watercolourist for Hubard Profile Gallery.[lviii]
Grishin observes that Gill’s early drawings are characterised by three features – a love of social caricature, precise attention to detail and a preoccupation with commenting on death and the struggle between virtues and vices.[ix]
The first two of these features are particularly obvious in Gill’s recording of life on the Victorian goldfields. It appears he first arrived at the Mount Alexander in early 1852, and by August that year he published a set of 24 lithographs in Sketches of the Victoria Diggings and Diggers As They Are [lx], and these were supplemented by a second set of lithographs only two months later. These small lithographic prints received a warm review in the Argus.
What stands out particularly about S. T. Gill’s work is the way in which he sought to humanise and convey the drama of the goldfields, while at the same time accurately recording details, for example, the layout of the landscape, the clothing, tools and equipment of the diggers, the names of tents, and the dates of his drawings. At same time, while he might often describe positive aspects of a digger’s life, he also showed the converse.
Because of this his work can be considered to be a fairly accurate recording of what he saw and the changes to the landscape over such a short period of time. Aside from a short period in New South Wales, Gill spent most of the rest of his life in Victoria, where he died in 1880.
S.T. Gill was not the first printmaker on the Victorian goldfields. In 1851 illustrator and engraver David Tulloch was commissioned to make sketches of the diggers and the diggings. These illustrations appeared in Thomas Ham’s Illustrated Australian Magazine, first published in July 1850. By January 1852 Tulloch had finished five sketches, which Ham published as Ham’s Five Views of the Goldfields of Mount Alexander and Ballarat in the Colony of Victoria, Drawn on the Spot by D. Tulloch. These are among the earliest known views of the Victorian diggings.
Little is known about his background, other than that he arrived from Scotland in 1849. In 1852 he set up his own business and went into partnership with a map engraver, James Davie Brown, in 1853. Their work, including several maps and specimens of commercial engraving, won awards at the 1854 Melbourne Exhibition at the Victorian Industrial Exhibition.
In 1889 Herbert Woodhouse, of the Victorian Lithographic Artists and Engravers Club, called Tulloch “an excellent engraver on steel and copperplate of both artistic and mechanical subjects, besides being a good draftsman”.[lxi]
David Tulloch, Great Meeting of the Gold Diggers, December 1851 - 52
David Tulloch, Commissioner's Tent Ballaarat,
This first drawing above was made only a few months after gold was first discovered in Victoria, and already you can see felling of trees and large dugouts.
Another artist who has some similarities to S. T. Gill was George Lacy, (c.1817-1878)
but Lacy often made light of the hardships faced by the mining community and this was reinforced by his use of humorous titles, often several lines in length. He was almost exclusively interested in depicting activity scenes and conflict between authority and the underdog[lxii], tending to sketch in backgrounds with broad, sweeping strokes.
Although little is known about his background, Lacy was a painter, illustrator, writer and teacher, who is thought to have had some formal art school training in England. He arrived in Sydney in 1842 on the Wilmot before moving to Victoria around 1855, where it’s believed he sold his paintings at stores at the diggings.
Including his goldrush paintings, he is known to have painted 100 drawings of the early days of Australia's inland settlement and bushranging activities, particularly those in New South Wales. (He is considered to be the artist identified only as 'G.L. of Wollongong’ who contributed ten works to the second Society for the Promotion of the Fine Arts in Australia exhibition held at Sydney in 1849.[lxiii]) All Lacy’s surviving works are in watercolour, wash and ink or, occasionally, pencil.
Unlike many other artists in the goldfields, Lacy had great interest in painting activities which involved families, usually taken a humorous approach.
Lacy produced illustrations for the Illustrated Sydney News, Illustrated Melbourne News, Illustrated Melbourne Post and Sydney Punch in the 1860s, and published his reminiscences in the Albury Southern Courier.
He moved to Bathurst in 1876 where he died of heart disease two years later, aged 60.
George Lacy, A kangaroo on the Tambaroora Goldfields, 1852
George French Angas
In the 1850s’ Lacy contributed to a portfolio of prints, Sketches In Australia: Plates From G. F. Angas - Six Views Of The Gold Field Of Ophir (Published by) Sydney, Woolcott, And Clarke, 1851, and Original Sketches By G. Lacy[lxiv]. Also included in that publication were works by George French Angas.
George French Angas (1822-1886) was naturalist and painter who studied in England for a time under Waterhouse Hawkins, a natural history artist.
Angas sailed for Australia in 1843 in the Augustus, arriving in Adelaide. He continued to travel within Australia and overseas for several years, producing a number of drawings and watercolours which were reproduced as lithographs in publications such as South Australia Illustrated, The New Zealanders Illustrated, Savage Life and Scenes in Australia and New Zealand, Six Views of the Gold Field of Ophir (Sydney) and Views of the Gold Regions of Australia.
Aside from his paintings of the goldfields, Angas was essentially a naturalist, with interests in ethnology and conchology, although his oeuvre was quite broad. A gifted draftsman with a concern for detail, he took care to depict native vegetation accurately. In his landscape paintings he applied colour with gently gradated tints, demonstrating a feeling for space.
In 1853 Angas was appointed secretary to the Australian Museum in Sydney, a position which he held until 1860. While there he supervised the work of classifying and arranging the first public collection of Australian specimens, especially shells[lxv]. He returned to London in 1863, where he died in 1886.
Another artist to arrive at the beginning of the goldrush in Victoria was Charles Doudiet. He came from Canada in 1852, with a sketchbook given to him by his father to record his time in Australia[lxvi]. Little is known about any artistic training he may have had.
His "Australian Sketchbook" records the period from February 1853 in Melbourne to September 1855 in Ballarat, two years before he returned to Canada.
About half of the work in the original sketch book is now in the collection of the Ballarat Fine Art Gallery. While the watercolours are clearly amateurish, they are important as the record the events at the Eureka Stockade. They include Eureka Riot, Swearing Allegiance to the Southern Cross and Eureka Battle (Eureka Slaughter 3 December).
Edwin Roper Loftus Stocqueler (1829-95) was born in Bombay and educated in England before travelling to Australia with his mother, Jane. Unforturnately nothing is known about his artistic training, but Stocqueler came to the goldfields with the specific intention of making money from art, rather than digging for gold.
Stocqueler and his mother were on the Bendigo diggings by 1853 and made Sandhurst (now Bendigo) their headquarters, and according to Dr Martha Sear, travelled up and down the Murray River, Goulburn River and Ovens River in a canvas boat.
"He was interested in natural history and in recording the landscape of those places, and he also recorded his encounters with Aboriginal people”[lxvii].
Edwin Stocqueler, Digging for Gold, 1880 from 1854 sketches
Digging for Gold shows just how quickly the land was decimated around Bendigo at the beginnings of the goldrush. Another interesting aspect to this painting is the large scar tree to the left in the foreground. It shows that part of the bark has been stripped away, possibly to be made into a canoe by local Aboriginals, and this simple inclusion in the painting demonstrates how the goldrush must have impacted local tribes.
In 1857, Stocqueler created a panorama in Bendigo called The Golden Land of the Sunny South. His father had been a narrator for a panorama in London, and Stocqueler thought he could create something similar.
The painting took about four years to complete and was one mile (1.6 kilometres) in length. It was presented in two parts, each consisting of at least twenty-five paintings. The first half mainly comprised views of Melbourne, Sandhurst, the Bendigo goldfields and the Goulburn River country, while the emphasis in the other half was on north-eastern Victoria, mainly around Beechworth but concluding with several views of Castlemaine[lxviii]. People paid to hear a narrator, accompanied by sound effects, describing the scenes as the paintings on canvas were unfurled from a spindle.
Residents of the newly established town on Bendigo creek flocked to the exhibition, which later travelled to Melbourne, but overall it didn’t attract the audiences he was hoping for.
Like many of this works, it’s not known if this panorama still exists. Visiting his studio in 1857, a reporter from the Bendigo Advertiser noted some seventy paintings of native birds and animals and referred to other 'very numerous and interesting sketches and paintings’, and the location these is also not known.
Stocqueler remained in Australia until about 1870. Unfortunately, he died penniless at the age of 65 in London, where he had been reduced to chalking art on the pavement trying to make a living.
George Rowe (1796-1864) painter and lithographer, arrived in Melbourne in 1857 at the age of 60, and although he only stayed for three years, he painted a number of panoramas of the goldfields as well as around Melbourne. As a master lithographer, he had been one of England’s most successful producers of picturesque and topographical views[lxix].
Like many others he came to Australia in search of gold to rebuild his family’s fortune but was unsuccessful as both a miner and a storekeeper, so returned to his earlier vocation as an artist, and his work proved to be very popular.
His early watercolours of the diggings were generally small in size, for example Australian Settlers’ Tents painted in 1853. He painted an average of two pictures a day, and charged between one and five guineas for each painting[lxx].
George Rowe, Australian Settler’s Huts, 1853
George Rowe, Beauchamp's Australian Stores, Victoria Place, Bendigo, 1853
Like the Romantic artists of Europe, such as Henry Fuseli who was painting in the late 1700s, Rowe expressed the romantic concept of the insignificance of humans compared with the majesty of nature. He also demonstrated a strong empathy with Australia’s first people.
In 1857 he exhibited 50 of his watercolour views of Bendigo, Castlemaine and Forest Creek for an Art Union. The Bendigo Advertiser reported with enthusiasm and at length:
“In every instance the artist has succeeded admirably in a correct delineation of the scenes he has undertaken… Of all the pictures enumerated, which, with others, are all of well known localities in the Bendigo district, we feel it is impossible to speak in too high terms of praise”.[lxxi]
In 1858 Rowe undertook a sketching tour of the Western District of Victoria (its spectacular mountain scenery also attracted such artists as Eugène von Guérard and Nicholas Chevalier). He was particularly taken by the views from Mount William, the highest peak in the Grampians Ranges. Rowe recorded the visit in his diary, “I sketched the scene and treasured up in my memory the glorious effects which I was privileged to witness, and hope someday to find time to depict them in another fashion”[lxxii].
George Rowe, Aborigines in an Australian Landscape
Interestingly, Rowe also painted horse racing scenes, with the first running of the Melbourne Cup being during the goldrush period, in 1861. (By 1880, 100,000 people travelled to Flemington to attend the Cup. As Melbourne’s population was only 290,000 at the time, this attendance was quite phenomenal.)
George Rowe, Victorian Race Meeting at Sunbury, 1858
Whilst on the goldfields Rowe also painted flags used to identify businesses, dwellings and claims wrote writing letters for the many illiterate diggers.
After he returned to England, Rowe exhibited ‘Six watercolour paintings of scenery in Victoria’ in the International Exhibition, London in 1862. Rowe was the only artist to be awarded a medal, which the jurors stated was: “For faithful and beautiful delineation of the country, workings, and other relations of the gold fields[lxxiii]”.
William Strutt, Black Thursday, February 6th, 1851, 1864
Strutt stated that he wanted to create epic pictures for what he saw as an age rich ‘with splendid subjects[lxxv]’. His dramatic painting of the bushfire that raged across Victoria on the 6th of February in 1851 is an example of the style of work being painted in France, by such artists as Ernest Meissonier[lxxvi]. Not immediately recognisable as a painting of an Australian scene, it nonetheless captures the horror and fright of those fleeing from the fire, amongst the devastation from the 1850 drought.
Strutt visited Ballarat in 1851 and painted a number of depictions of goldfields life, some of which were later printed as lithographs.
“Here, indeed, was an extraordinary sight. A piece of ground about two or three acres in extent sloping down gently towards a moderate-sized creek was perfectly honeycombed with holes, some just beginning to be dug, but in most of them the diggers were deep down below getting out the auriferous soil, which others were hauling up in buckets to carry in barrows to the cradles, where this washing stuff, as it was called, was most thoroughly washed at the side of the creek by being rocked to and fro in the sieve, [and that] which falls through to be collected from the bottom of the cradle. The creek was lined as thick as it could be packed. Every claim holder had a right to a space in front of the running stream where his cradle stood ... The whole field of operations reminded one of a huge ant hill, just disturbed, with the distressed insects hurrying about hither and thither to set things in order once more”[lxxvii]. | <urn:uuid:5417bb4e-9ff7-49bd-8146-e9b7a7e2a2da> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.australianarthistory.com/the-art-of-the-victorian-gold-rush | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.972877 | 13,526 | 3.140625 | 3 |
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VII.— THE CREATION OF THE TRIBE PTOLEMAIS
AT ATHENS. 1
The archon for the year 229/8 should have a name of not
more than ten letters (IG. II. 859). I have suggested the
name XvmOtiSri's for this year (A. J. P. XXXIV, p. 409). It
should be noted that it is also possible to restore Alexandros
or Pythokritos. From the forms of the letters in IG. II. 862,
I should infer that Pythokritos belonged to the last decade of
the century if not later. Alexandros has been dated by
Buecheler ca. 230 (Index Herculanensis Academicorum Philo-
sophorum, 1869, p. 17; cf. Ferguson, Athenian Archons, p.
35), and his name is the most logical restoration in IG. II.
859, line 1.
If Alexandros is dated in 229/8, Lysitheides must be placed
ca. 250-245 or more probably ca. 210-200 b. c. (cf. Wilhelm,
Oesterr. Jahres., 1902, p. 130, n. 1).
The date of IG. II. 431 must be reconsidered in the light of
Roussel's restoration of the deme of the secretary (Ee'na 1912,
p. 85). Professor Ferguson has kindly written that we should
read [' Ay] KvXffiev or possibly ['A'jvKvX.ijdev. In that case Arche-
laos II. may be dated by the secretary-cycle in 194/3, assum-
ing that the meeting of the assembly in the Eleusinion was
after the celebration of the Mysteries in 195/4. This is more
satisfactory than my original date for this archon in 191/0.
Ankyle was divided between Attalis and Aigeis, and we might
also date the decree in 192/1, but the latter date is much
I wish to thank Professor W. S. Ferguson and Mr. C. W.
Blegen, Secretary of the American School of Classical Studies
at Athens, for furnishing information about inscriptions in the
Epigraphical Museum at Athens. Both agree with me in
reading Alpha as the initial letter of the deme in IG. II. 2 791
'See A. J. P. XXXIV 381-417.
80 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY.
(II. 334), though the photograph which I published does not
show the cross-bar very clearly. Both confirm Roussel's read-
ing of IG. II. 5. 381b, and Mr. Blegen adds that a small
additional fragment has been found which puts the matter
beyond dispute. IG. II. 5. 381b accordingly remains in 227/6.
Allan Chester Johnson. | <urn:uuid:5e99c78e-fa68-44a3-8d55-ab86e4ccf3f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wpracetech.com.wstub.archive.org/stream/jstor-289206/289206_djvu.txt | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.876527 | 941 | 2.25 | 2 |
Celebrate the first day of second grade with this awesome unicorn sign printable! Download to your computer, change the year, and print. So easy! Use the sign as a photo prop to remember the happy first day of 2nd grade.
NOTE - this is a digital file; no physical items will be mailed.
© Digital Art Star | All Rights Reserved. This file is for PERSONAL USE ONLY. No sharing of the file, distribution of the file, or commercial use of any kind is allowed for either the PDF file or any printed materials you make from it. | <urn:uuid:7ab4423c-a106-48db-a707-8bc599fce437> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://digitalartstar.com/products/first-day-second-grade-unicorn-sign-printable | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.861699 | 127 | 1.6875 | 2 |
As an autism boarding school for Utah teens, Seven Stars helps teens struggling with neurodevelopmental disorders such as Autism, ADHD, and Nonverbal Learning Disorder. In addition to offering an accredited academic program, our autism boarding school provides Utah teens with clinically advanced therapeutic programming. Seven Stars helps Utah teens struggling with behavioral, emotional, and social issues related to neurodevelopmental disorders like autism.
We aim to guide Utah adolescents who struggle with autism towards meeting their goals and discovering their dreams. Instead of focusing on weaknesses and shortcomings, we focus on strengths and positive feedback. Our strengths-based mentoring approach helps Utah students build important skills and boosts their self-confidence.
Our autism boarding school is located in Utah, but we help families from across the country. As a Utah autism boarding school, we are surrounded by some of the most beautiful mountain ranges and bodies of water in the country.
Because we’re so close to nature, students have the opportunity to engage in outdoor adventure activities like hiking, rafting, and skiing. Adventure programming allows students to learn new skills in a supportive, stress-free setting. During these outings, Utah students are able to get outside of their comfort zone and improve their social skills.
Getting Help At An Autism Boarding School for Utah teens
Finding the best therapeutic option for your teen working through the challenges of autism or another neurodevelopmental disorder can be a difficult journey. At Seven Stars, an autism boarding school for Utah teens, we understand how challenging the process of choosing the best program for your child can be. Our programming was specifically developed to meet the needs of young people on the autism spectrum.
Our autism boarding school’s clinical approach provides optional stabilization for families in need of those services. All students undergo an assessment process throughout their time at the program. Our assessments help determine the individual strengths of students. From the observations of our assessments, we are able to build a tailor made treatment plan for your child.
Each of our dedicated team members have the expertise and compassion needed to help your child find success. Throughout the program, we focus on working with your family. Family programming is highly individualized based on your family’s specific needs. As we work with your family, we help create a communication strategy to help restore and rebuild relationships.
Our autism boarding school combines on-campus therapeutic and academic programming with off-campus adventure therapy excursions. By switching between structured, home-like environments on campus and exciting adventures off campus, we help teens reach outside of their comfort zone.
Who does Seven Stars help?
Seven Stars helps teens struggling with:
– Issues with developmental immaturity
– Sensory Related Issues.
– Attention Deficit Disorder
– Issues making and keeping friends
– Not attending school
– Issues related to trauma.
– Issues succeeding academically.
– Attachment Issues
– Mood Disorders
– Video Game Addiction
– Learning-Related Challenges.
– Family Problems
– Autism-related issues
– Feelings of Anxiety
- Uncharted Territory: Internet Safety for TeensIt is no secret that the internet has increasingly gained popularity, particularly in our youth. In fact, it is estimated that American teenagers spend an average of 9 hours per day online. This number is astounding, as it indicates the average teen spends more time online than they do on... Read more »
- Autism and the Outdoors: How Nature Can Help Teens ThriveAutism and Nature Autism is a developmental disorder that affects communication and social interaction to varying degrees. It is complex and affects everyone slightly differently. For many teens, autism can be a particularly stressful challenge. They may feel like they don’t fit in with their peers, or they may not know... Read more »
- A Deficit of Attention: Finding the Right ADHD Treatment for YouthAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a medical and therapeutic term that is being used to diagnose young adolescents when it comes to their uncontrolled behaviors. While the disorder has been noted over multiple medical logs over the span of 200 years, its familiarity and acceptance have only recently taken... Read more » | <urn:uuid:cc3a0063-5692-4c4b-a7b7-bbef09ab9693> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://discoversevenstars.com/b/autism-boarding-school/utah/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.939317 | 845 | 1.820313 | 2 |
SUMMARY: Computer security experts estimate that over 1/3 of personal computers contain malware. If your computer is infected with malware, criminals can potentially steal your private information.
According to statistics, Americans spend over six hours each day online. It is virtually impossible to get through a day without a good internet connection so you can hop onto your favorite webpage or social media account. Regardless of whether you are on a computer running Microsoft Windows or on a Mac or Apple device running IOS, unless you take proper security precautions, you are at risk of a malware attack.
Malicious software can cause a host of problems for your computer. If you start to notice a lot of annoying pop-up windows or pop-up ads, your web browser is running slow, or you realize you are a victim of a phishing scam, your PC may have been compromised with a computer virus. Follow these six steps to help limit the information hackers can access and to recover your infected computer.
1. Don't Sign In to any Websites that Access Your Personal or Financial Data
A type of malware called keyloggers are designed to record everything you type and send the information back to cybercriminals. If you have malware, and you sign in to a website, such as your bank or email accounts, the keylogger can capture your login information. Once cybercriminals have your login info, they can access your personal accounts to commit fraud or send copies of the malware to people in your contact list.
As long as you don't sign in to any site on the web websites, the cybercriminals won't get the information they need to commit fraud.
2. Update Your Anti-Virus Software
Malware comes in many different forms — e.g. spyware, ransomware, Trojan Horse — but anti-malware or anti-virus software can only recognize the malware it knows about. Criminals constantly make new types of malware to infect computers, and while Norton and other anti-virus programs release new versions to try to stay ahead of them, they are only effective if you have them loaded on your computer. So, it is critical that you are downloading the latest versions regularly.
Updating your anti-virus software will make it easier to prevent a malware infection. Not all software developers, however, know about the same threats. It's a good idea to use at least two types of anti-virus software to make sure you're protected.
You can also use free scans from companies like ESET to get a second opinion about any malware that's currently on your computer. Getting a second (or even a third) opinion is an especially good idea when you suspect your computer has a virus that your security software can't find.
It's also a good idea to keep your operating system and applications updated. Many programs are updated when the publisher becomes aware of potential exploits, so your security solution must include regular software updates.
3. Run Anti-Virus Software in Safe Mode
Sophisticated malware knows how to embed itself deep in your computer's system. When this happens, running an anti-virus program may not solve the problem completely. Even if the software finds some of the malware, other pieces will remain hidden on your hard drive and in your operating system and other applications.
The best way to eradicate troublesome malware is to boot your computer in Safe Mode and run your anti-virus software. You can enter Safe Mode by going to the start menu of your Windows computer, selecting restart, and repeatedly pressing the F8 key (this may be F4 on different Windows versions) while your operating system loads. When you do this, you'll see a menu that lets you choose what boot option to use. Choosing Safe Mode will prevent third-party applications, including any malware, from running.
Once your computer reboots in Safe Mode, launch your anti-virus software. The malware won't have as many defenses to protect itself, which makes it easier for your software to locate and succeed at the malware removal.
4. Boot Your Computer From an Anti-Virus CD, DVD, or Flash Drive
Running anti-virus software in Safe Mode will usually solve any problems. On some occasions, though, you may have to get more aggressive. If you have caught a particularly smart piece of malware that knows how to defend itself in Safe Mode, then you should try booting your computer from an anti-virus CD or DVD. If your computer doesn't have a disc drive, then you can put the software on a flash drive.
Note that you should make your CD or flash drive on a computer that hasn't been infected, which may mean using a friend's computer.
When you boot your computer next, insert the CD, DVD or flash drive to give the anti-virus software a chance to work in a clean environment. The malware won't have a good way to hide, so this approach almost certainly ensures that you'll fix your computer.
5. Disconnect from the internet
Disconnecting from the internet blocks communication between your computer and the attacker that planted the malware. It’s essential that as soon as you have your anti-virus software updated you disconnect from all networks. This immediately limits the amount of personal data that can be lost and will break any remote access for the attacker. If you’re using ethernet, this can be done by pulling out the cable to your computer. Alternatively, if you’re on WiFi, use the button on your keyboard or in the taskbar to turn off the WiFi.
6. Change all your passwords
If your computer has been compromised, it’s best to change all the passwords for your online accounts. There’s no telling what information the malware has managed to collect, especially if you aren’t sure how long it’s been there, so secure everything to be on the safe side. This is best done from another computer or mobile device so that the malware isn’t able to log your keystrokes as you type in the new passwords.
The amount of malware in the world won't decline anytime soon, so it's important to learn how to protect yourself and your computers. | <urn:uuid:0fd2b536-827a-4138-94ce-c580ade5147b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.tdecu.org/what-to-do-when-you-suspect-you-have-been-infected-with-malware | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.922211 | 1,278 | 3.21875 | 3 |
A story shared by Reeni Kennedy, in their own words:
“James Farrell, my 2nd great grandfather (1864 – 1898) hailed from Ireland, I have not discovered which part yet nor at what point did he come to Scotland. There is no way of telling whether he met Mary Bradley (1866 – 1947) in Stranraer, where she was born, lived and worked until at least 1881. What is known is that during the 8 years they were together, there was no time or desire to marry. They did however produce 5 children – Rebecca Walker Bradley (1891 – 1973) my paternal great grand mother, was the eldest. She was born at McLean Street in Govan. Mary’s address is given as Duncraig, Uddingston whilst James is at Adelphi Street, Glasgow. Adelphi Street is where the family are at the time of 1891 census which was taken on the night of 5/6 April. Mary has taken Farrell as her name and is recorded as wife.
When James Farrell (1892 – 1975) comes along the family have moved to Middle Row, Blantyre, 2 years later Charles Farrell (1894 – 1951) is born at Front Row, Blantyre, followed 2 years later by Harry Bradley (1896 – 1978) at the same address. Throughout this period James senior is working as a furnace keeper – Middle Row, Front Row and Cross Row are all addresses associated with miners housing in Blantyre however James could have also been working in the cotton mills or at Blantyre Foundry. All industries used coal in furnaces either to heat water for steam power or in other operations.
Tragedy hits the family in September 1898, when James is working as a furnaceman at Greenfield Foundry. Cause of death is given as poisoning by sulphur fumes at just 34. Newspaper report of the accident said he was found dead with his head in the furnace and it was assumed he had been overcome by fumes. Was he aware that Mary was pregnant with Robert Farrell Bradley (1899 – 1959) born just 5 months later? Mary remains with the children at Cross Row until at least 1915, where she is recorded on valuation roll as resident at Ulva Place, Station Road, Blantyre. She lives there until her death.
It is son Robert that deals with the paperwork when his mum Mary passes away in 1947, and despite all the children been declared illegitimate on birth certificates, she is recognised as Mary Farrell on her death certificate.
It took some time to find my paternal great grandmother due to illegitimacy, the varying names and how the online records where recorded. Certainly a lesson in searching using all available name data!” | <urn:uuid:5334c4e4-65ce-4d3a-964e-3d9646c62b5f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blantyreproject.com/2016/04/james-farrell-and-mary-bradley/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.98657 | 564 | 1.5 | 2 |
People also ask
What is the residual volume of a tube feeder?
Although the literature suggests that continuous NGT feeding at a gastric residual volume of 400 mL is safe, practical experience has revealed inconsistency in withholding tube feeding depending on residual volume. What does it mean to have a high residual in tube feeding? The amount of fluid/contents in the stomach is referred to as residual.
How often should a feeding tube be flushed?
For continuous feedings, check residual volume every 4 to 6 hours, and just before each intermittent feeding. How often should a feeding tube be flushed? Even tubes that aren鈥檛 used need to be cleansed with water at least once a day to keep them from clogging.
What are the disadvantages of tube feeding?
The disadvantage of this monitoring is that when residuals are high, tube feeds are sometimes stopped, resulting in inadequate nutrition. After tube feeding, how long should the head of the bed be elevated?
When to halt feeding tube feeding due to GRV?
When the gastric residual volume (GRV) is twice the flow rate, typical nursing practice is to halt tube feedings. With a measured GRV of 80 mL, a feeding rate of only 40 mL per hour could be maintained. Next post: How often do you change feeding tube tubing? | <urn:uuid:78eddec5-931b-43d1-b83d-e29ff69ee7e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.shinemax.top/how-much-residual-is-ok-for-tube-feeding-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.951428 | 279 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Possibilities include downsizing your home, selling assets, working longer and taking out a reverse mortgage. Each has its challenges and risks…
The safety net is almost gone, the nest egg is cracking.
Many Americans have recently found themselves changing their retirement plans after losing a substantial amount of home equity as the housing market and the overall U.S. economy struggle. These folks face years of living on fixed incomes from sources such as pensions, 401(k)s, individual retirement accounts and Social Security but don’t have the time to recover their losses.
Homeowners who tapped their home equity find themselves with no more funds to extract. Some have been laid off, relinquished their home in a foreclosure or lost pensions after their employers’ business failed. Ideas of a comfortable retirement full of relaxation and travel have been abandoned.
The good news is that about 30% of homeowners have no mortgage at all. So even though their properties are probably worth less now than a few years ago, these people can tap into that equity cushion if necessary.
The bad news, however, is that about 1 in 6 with a mortgage now owe the bank more than their homes are worth, according to Moody’s Economy.com. Most of these are property owners who purchased their homes within the last few years or refinanced their properties and siphoned off too much equity.
With that in mind, it’s time for Americans to explore options other than relying on home equity, especially if they have no retirement investments or savings. These include downsizing their home, selling assets, postponing retirement by working longer and signing up for a reverse mortgage. Each option has its challenges and risks.
Ken King, 61, once planned to retire in his early to mid-60s. The value of his home has dropped $70,000, so he has scrapped plans to sell the five-bedroom house and downsize, because the savings won’t be substantial enough to make it a smart move. He’s also seen his 401(k) lose value.
King, a credit counselor in Sheboygan, Wis., said he probably would work into his early 70s to compensate.
“This is something I wouldn’t have considered even thinking about 1 1/2 years ago,” said King, adding that priorities have changed this year among those he counsels.
“Now we’re talking to people about what they have to do to survive,” he said.
King’s own strategy of working longer is a growing trend. AARP reported in April that almost 1 in 4 people ages 45 to 54 planned to delay retirement, with 1 in 5 people ages 55 to 64 thinking the same.
Staying on the job has benefits besides a paycheck. Employment is often a requisite in qualifying for mortgage refinancing, a good option for those with equity and good credit because rates have fallen to historic lows. But refinancing becomes almost impossible for seniors on fixed incomes with no job or equity.
The scenario becomes more difficult if the senior has stopped working and wants to return to the workforce, especially as health issues crop up and competition for jobs increases, said George Moschis, director of the Center for Mature Consumer Studies at Georgia State University.
By working later in life, pre-retirees also can consider putting off collecting Social Security, a strategy that could lead to higher monthly payouts once they do start collecting.
Finding a smaller and less expensive home has long been relied upon to bolster retirement budgets. Ideally, profits from the sale of a larger home can be used to buy the smaller home with cash, with no mortgage, and the homeowner can pocket the rest. But the current environment of falling home values and tight credit has made selling a more difficult proposition in many markets.
Another way to shore up retirement accounts is selling off assets, including cars, second homes, stocks and expensive jewelry.
Options such as working longer and selling assets are not as risky as reverse mortgages or selling life insurance policies, two instruments marketed as ways to free up retirement cash.
A reverse mortgage allows homeowners to borrow from the home’s equity in a lump sum, line of credit or regular payments, while not having to pay a monthly mortgage. The homeowner retains title and must pay insurance and property taxes while living in the house.
The loan and fees are due once all parties listed on the deed die or the home is vacant for 12 straight months. The home is usually sold, and the proceeds from the sale are used to pay off the loan, plus interest and fees that can be as much as 8% of the loan.
Reverse mortgages have become more attractive because the government raised lending limits to $417,000 last year, noted Eric Bachman, chief executive of Golden Gateway Financial in Oakland. But as equity drops, so does the amount one can borrow in a reverse mortgage, so timing is key.
However, experts such as AARP financial “ambassador” Jonathan Pond say reverse mortgages should be something of a last resort, because of high fees and the complicated nature of the loans. Reverse mortgages also mean the home will probably be sold at the end of the loan, mainly because the homeowner, or an heir, will want cash to pay off the mortgage.
Education is key, because of fears that reverse mortgage complexities could be used to trick seniors. The American Assn. of Residential Mortgage Regulators and the Conference of State Bank Supervisors established guidelines to be used starting early this year to review lenders and brokers selling reverse mortgages to seniors.
The guidelines are meant to guard consumers against fraud and abuse, “such as the simultaneous sale of unsuitable investments or deceptive sales practices,” according to a December news release from the groups.
An alternative for desperate seniors is to sell their life insurance policy, either back to their insurer or on the private market.
This move, called a “life settlement,” is risky because it leaves consumers without the life insurance and financial security they had once desired to leave behind for loved ones. | <urn:uuid:cb9a2e7f-b5ff-487c-b623-d93ef8661c00> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ginnycerrella.com/home-equity-tapped-out/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.971227 | 1,248 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Users of the Uniswap decentralized exchange could be at risk thanks to a new Google ad.
“URGENT WARNING FOR ANYONE USING UNISWAP,” crypto influencer and YouTuber, BitBoy, said in an Aug. 11 tweet.
Tagging Google’s Twitter accounts, he added:
“Google you should be ashamed. Whoever runs GoogleAds is FAILING MISERABLY. On YouTube where scammers get ads through and now on your own platform.”
According to BitBoy, entering a Google search for “UniSwap” returns an advertisement link as one of the first results at times. “When you click that ad, it will take you to a site that looks JUST LIKE Uniswap, but it will ask you for the seed phrase of your wallet,” the influencer detailed as part of his tweet.
Inputting said security phrase then results in funds stolen from the associated storage. The Uniswap con cost one of BitBoy’s compatriots $30,000, the influencer detailed.
The false Uniswap con site is not the first nefarious effort to slide past Google’s overwatch either. A number of fake advertisements and videos have popped up on Google’s daughter company YouTube. Such videos urge viewers to send crypto to an address while promising they will receive a greater amount of crypto sent back to them — an age-old crypto fraud maneuver.
Meanwhile, many legitimate crypto YouTubers have fought their way through account bans and strikes since December 2019. | <urn:uuid:006a7e55-0fa7-4ab4-bf93-649c94382615> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bitcoindose.com/2020/08/14/google-ads-is-failing-to-protect-people-from-crypto-scams/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.885518 | 335 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Franchisees need to know how much tax to pay
Why you need to know your tax obligations for a franchised business
The Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (ACCC) is the government body responsible for enforcing the Franchising Code of Conduct, and if you or someone you know are considering entering into a franchise arrangement, this will probably be a good starting point to get an idea what to expect.
It imposes strict obligations on franchisors to make sure that franchise agreements are fair. Use the search tool on the ACCC’s website to find the code.
Franchisees and franchisors to act in good faith with each other
It is a requirement that both franchisees and franchisors act in good faith in all their dealings with one another. Another significant point that should be kept in mind is that penalties for failure to comply can be significant.
However, if you’ve got a plan and are determined to forge ahead, it is also good to know that from a tax point of view, starting and running a franchise business is broadly the same as starting and running most other small businesses.
There are, however, some additional considerations that need to be faced in that there are different tax treatments for franchise-specific payments and transactions between franchisee and franchisor.
Are you a franchisee or a franchisor?
The franchisor is the person who grants the right to use a business under some brand name or trademark, and the right to manufacture and distribute their products or services. The person who receives these rights is known as the franchisee.
The franchisor and each franchisee need to have separate Australian business numbers (ABNs).
Franchise fee deductions
The initial franchise fee or transfer fee that is paid to the franchisor forms part of the cost base for your franchise business as a capital asset. As these fees are capitally invested in the business, you as the franchisee do not deduct the fee as a business expense from your annual income tax.
Franchise renewal fees
Depending on the circumstances, franchise renewal fees may form part of a franchisee’s cost base.
Any franchise renewal fees not included in the cost base may be deductible as a business expense and subject to the prepayment rules. Generally, you can deduct the fees paid to the franchisor for ongoing training as a business expense.
The prepayment rules cover expenses incurred in a current income year under an agreement for something to be done, in whole or in part, in a later income year. This alters the timing of a deduction for certain prepaid expenses that would ordinarily be immediately deductible in full in the year they were incurred.
The subsequent timing of such a deduction can generally be made over an “eligible service period”, which in most cases means the period during which the agreement is in force.
Payments made to the franchisor will generally also include a goods and services tax (GST) component, as in most cases the franchisor will be GST registered.
If you as the franchisee are also GST registered, you will be able to claim a GST credit from the ATO for the GST amount included in:
- Initial franchise fees
- Franchise renewal fees
- Franchise service fees or royalties
- Advertising fees
- Transfer fees
- Training fees
Royalties or interest payments
An agreement to purchase a franchise often includes ongoing payments of royalties, interest payments or levies to the franchisor. These payments typically cover head office expenses, such as administration, advertising and technical support.
Unlike the initial upfront fee, when you work out your annual income tax liability you are generally able to deduct payments of royalties, interest payments and levies in the year these are incurred, as they are and will be a continuing expense in carrying on the business.
Ending a franchise agreement
If you either transfer a franchise to another party or terminate your franchise agreement, you may need to alert us in case there are both capital gains tax (CGT) and GST consequences.
When you transfer or terminate a franchise, the initial franchise fee or transfer fee that is included in the business’s cost base may be relevant in working out the net capital gain (if any) to include in a subsequent tax return. | <urn:uuid:0e12f394-b740-492d-af76-61ee34c1e1c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wwenandco.com.au/tax-obligation-of-a-franchised-business/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.960848 | 883 | 2.21875 | 2 |
The vast archipelago with greater than 17,000 islands, 300 ethnic cultures, as well as countless all-natural landscapes is appealing to discover. From magnificent hills to glorious temples, find one of the most attractive locations in Indonesia.
Perched at 2,000 meters (6,562 feet) over water level, Dieng Plateau is one of the coolest locations in Indonesia, and not simply weather-wise. Both an all-natural and also cultural destination, there are several things to see and also carry out in Dieng Plateau. Aside from the sweeping hill view of jungles as well as far-off villages, this highland also has a multi-colored lake, thermal spring, and old Hindu holy places. Annually, tourists group to the area for a much-anticipated celebration that consists of standard rituals, performances, as well as jazz over the clouds.
The world’s biggest Buddhist haven is a must-visit tourist attraction, not only due to its religious significance yet additionally for its elegance and also beauty. Developed around the 8th century, this temple is a representation of the country’s long as well as complex history that covers faith, society, customs, design, as well as much more. Vacationers can observe the elaborate as well as exciting stone carvings, gaze of the major grand framework, and submerse themselves in the bordering scenic view that includes the dawn, jungles, as well as far hillsides.
Komodo National Park
A mighty and also otherworldly lizard, the Komodo is probably one of one of the most fascinating animals in the world– one you can just encounter in the wild at Indonesia’s Komodo National Park. Fascinating as it is, the Komodo is barely the only fascinating point in this string of unique islands that make up the Komodo National forest. The three islands– Komodo, Padar, and also Rinca– have remarkable hills as well as a beach view, together with an impressive coast, lavish tropical hillsides, and thriving underwater wild animals. The Komodo Island also has the famous pink sand beach, while Padar Island has a legendary hillside with a view of 3 wonderful bays.
With among the liveliest underwater scenes in the world, this world-famous exotic paradise is house to over 530 types of coral, 700 species of mollusk, and 1,300 kinds of fish. Regardless of the magnetism of exotic species as well as a spectacular island sight, Raja Ampat stays largely pristine as a result of its remote location and huge locality. Greater than simply a scuba divers’ heaven, Raja Ampat additionally makes a remarkable location for birdwatchers, digital photographers, adventurers, and even those that wish for a high-end trip with a remarkable view in a far island.
This volcano, frequently surrounded by smoke as well as a multi-colored sky, has actually turned into one of one of the most famous views from Indonesia. Watching the sunup at Mount Bromo from Java Island is a popular tour that provides and memorable experience. The volcano likewise shares the area with a large desert, various other lavish hills and hills, sweeping blossom fields, and some waterfalls, most of which can be checked out in a day or more.
Thought about Bali’s art and also society funding, Ubud appeals vacationers beyond its classy art galleries and also dynamic standard efficiencies. Ubud is additionally one of one of the most attractive areas in the preferred island location. The well known Tegalalang Rice Terrace, for instance, is a must-visit place while in Bali. Ubud’s lavish tropical forests, soothing rivers, and various other natural features have actually additionally given numerous wellness establishments with a calm atmosphere. Even a casual stroll or dish in this region may include a lovely view of nature or design.
This island chain in East Kalimantan is just one of Indonesia’s best instances of tropical paradise, included six astonishing islands as well as some smaller islets, each with its very own adventures as well as beauty. Maratua Island, for example, is understood for its sublime sea caverns, lakes, and also extravagant resorts. Kakaban Island supplies swimming in a lake loaded with stingless jellyfish. Sangalaki Island is popular for diving and snorkeling, due to its thriving undersea scene, filled with reefs, manta rays, turtles, and also extra. The fairly remote area assists save the all-natural elegance of this archipelago, making it a beautiful and also gorgeous island paradise in Indonesia. | <urn:uuid:9dd8bf37-ec2e-4037-ae29-f4c0622df028> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.chatelp.org/7-recommended-place-when-you-visit-indonesia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.952174 | 976 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Few existing protein-protein interface design methods allow for extensive backbone rearrangements during the design process. There is also a dichotomy between redesign methods, which take advantage of the native interface, and de novo methods, which produce novel binders.
Here, we propose a new method for designing novel protein reagents that combines advantages of redesign and de novo methods and allows for extensive backbone motion. This method requires a bound structure of a target and one of its natural binding partners. A key interaction in this interface, the anchor, is computationally grafted out of the partner and into a surface loop on the design scaffold. The design scaffold's surface is then redesigned with backbone flexibility to create a new binding partner for the target. Careful choice of a scaffold will bring experimentally desirable characteristics into the new complex. The use of an anchor both expedites the design process and ensures that binding proceeds against a known location on the target. The use of surface loops on the scaffold allows for flexible-backbone redesign to properly search conformational space.
Conclusions and Significance
This protocol was implemented within the Rosetta3 software suite. To demonstrate and evaluate this protocol, we have developed a benchmarking set of structures from the PDB with loop-mediated interfaces. This protocol can recover the correct loop-mediated interface in 15 out of 16 tested structures, using only a single residue as an anchor.
Citation: Lewis SM, Kuhlman BA (2011) Anchored Design of Protein-Protein Interfaces. PLoS ONE 6(6): e20872. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020872
Editor: Vladimir N. Uversky, University of South Florida, United States of America
Received: February 2, 2011; Accepted: May 11, 2011; Published: June 17, 2011
Copyright: © 2011 Lewis, Kuhlman. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: This work was supported by the United States National Institutes of Health (GM073960), the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, and the W.M. Keck Foundation. SML was supported by a University of North Carolina Pogue Fellowship. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Because so many human diseases are caused by dysregulation of proteins or protein-protein interactions, the need to experimentally or therapeutically adjust these systems is great. A powerful tool for probing protein networks is other proteins engineered to bind particular naturally-occurring target proteins and modify or illuminate their behavior. To that end, many authors have introduced computational methods for creating these tool proteins, including both de novo binding partners and redesigns of existing interfaces. One modeling suite used for this purpose, and many others, is Rosetta.
Placing past successes in context, it remains quite challenging to create binding partners with desired functionality, and even minor successes are not routine., This is because interface design combines all the challenges of protein design, itself an incompletely solved problem, with the additional complication of docking orientation between the two proteins.
The protein design problem requires decisions on how to best search the sequence space, how (or even if) to best search the backbone conformational space, and how to combine the two searches efficiently. In Rosetta, flexible design methods are often only iteratively flexible: their design protocol runs on a fixed backbone, and then backbone flexibility is modeled using a fixed sequence. This is because the algorithmic optimizations necessary to efficiently sample conformations and sequences preclude sampling both simultaneously. Recent flexible-backbone design methods modifying protein interfaces or loops include methods using local backbone minimization and fragment insertion plus loop closure and design.,
A second decision must be made when designing new interfaces: which proteins should interact? The two major methods for protein interface design include de novo design, which creates an interface between previously non-interacting proteins, and interface redesign, which modifies the properties of existing interactors or homologs thereof. De novo designs offer the opportunity to engineer new functions into the interaction, at the great cost of having to create the interface from scratch., , Redesigns offer the opposite tradeoff: there is an interaction in place to start from, but the designs are restricted to modifying existing functions by increasing affinity – or altering specificities –.
Here we propose a new method offering a blend of these strengths which we call AnchoredDesign. The method has been implemented as a protocol in the Rosetta3 software suite. The method creates an interface between an arbitrary (and arbitrarily functional) scaffold and a target, but it also creates the interface along a known interacting surface of the target, using information from a preexisting binding partner. The method accounts for backbone flexibility at the interface by iterating between loop remodeling and design.
This method requires a known structure of the target complexed to some binding partner, as well as a structure of the desired scaffold. The scaffold should have flexible surface loops amenable to design, and otherwise be chosen for desirable experimental characteristics. For example, the fibronectin domain type 3 repeat 10 (10FNIII or FN3) scaffold used by many researchers is an appropriate design scaffold.–
The first step of this new method is to create a nascent interface between the target and the scaffold, as described in Figure 1. A small sequence-contiguous portion of the target's known partner is extracted, and its sequence identity and coordinates are inserted into a surface loop on the scaffold. This becomes the anchor. Standard Rosetta loop closure techniques can be used to close the scaffold's modified loop. This results in an intermediate structure containing the target, the scaffold, and a small interface between them where the scaffold mimics the original binding partner. It is ripe for flexible redesign to create a real interface between the partners. Note that the use of this anchor guarantees that the new designed binder will bind to a surface area of the target overlapping the original partner's area. This helps control the activity of the new binder by ensuring that experimenters know where it is binding. It also controls for the residue composition of the target surface as suggested by Lo Conte et al.
Panel A demonstrates the AnchoredDesign process with a simple cartoon. At left, we start with a known interaction between a target (cyan) and a natural partner (orange) with a characteristic interaction (the anchor, yellow). In the middle, we graft the anchor into the scaffold (magenta) to create a rough starting structure. At right, we fill out the scaffold-target interface with the AnchoredDesign protocol. Panel B demonstrates the process using protein structures for greater clarity (using the same color scheme).
Grafting interactions into interfaces is not unknown in the literature, suggesting that the grafted anchor is likely to function as hypothesized. Potapov et al. searched for noncontiguous protein fragments (clusters of residues) from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) matching the known backbone structure of an interface, and showed that mutating a new cluster into a pre-existing interface resulted in the maintenance of stability and specificity. Liu et al. performed the opposite experiment: they created a new interface between shape-compatible but nonbinding proteins by grafting three residues from one interactor's normal partner onto the new binding partner.
After creating a nascent interface via grafting, the next step is flexible redesign. Normally one considers the docking problem when thinking about designing protein-protein interfaces. Here, the anchor precludes the use of whole-protein rigid-body motion as in docking, because this would cause the loss of the anchor. Instead, loop remodeling of the loop containing the anchor is used to sample the rigid body space between the proteins, as in Figure 2. Holding the anchor in its original binding conformation, rigidly affixed to the target, and remodeling its loop will result in rigid-body transformations between the target and scaffold. This allows us to use loop modeling to generate backbone flexibility at the interface and simultaneously sample possible binding modes of the scaffold. Other surface loops on the scaffold can be concurrently sampled to produce further surface complementarity.
These complexes demonstrate how the AnchoredDesign protocol samples the rigid-body degree of freedom via loop sampling. These complexes are colored as in Figure 1: cyan for the target, yellow for the anchor, and magenta for the scaffold. The flexible residues of the loop containing the anchor are colored red. The two complexes are related only by the alteration of the backbone torsion angles of the red positions; the overall viewpoint has not been rotated (notice the targets are identical). Remodeling of this loop (and no other changes) produces a large rigid-body like change between the two partners, while leaving the anchor/target interface and both protein cores intact. This allows sampling of the target/scaffold interface without losing the anchor information.
For computational methods like these, benchmarking tests both help develop the protocol and demonstrate its utility. For the AnchoredDesign protocol, we have assembled a set of 16 protein structures from the PDB. These structures were chosen on the basis of having an interfacial loop with an appropriate residue to serve as an anchor. The protocol can then be tested against these structures by deleting the conformation of the anchor-containing loop and using the protocol to predict the proper binding orientation of the two proteins. This serves as a test of the loop modeling and interface predictions of the protocol. Here we present the protocol itself, as used for design or in these benchmarks, and the results of these fixed-sequence structure prediction benchmarks.
The AnchoredDesign protocol is written as an application in the Rosetta3 software suite, and first released with the 3.3 release. It was designed from the ground up within the Rosetta3 framework and thus takes advantage of all the modularity and ease-of-use offered by that foundation. The protocol uses a multistage Metropolis Monte Carlo search protocol, with large perturbational movements in a reduced centroid representation and smaller refining changes in a higher-resolution fully atomic phase. This sort of multistage centroid/fullatom protocol is common for Rosetta protocols., , Conceptually, the centroid phase is meant to sample conformational space widely and jump over relatively high energy barriers between conformations, whereas the fullatom phase is meant to minimize a centroid candidate structure into its local energy minimum. To accomplish this, the protocol iteratively samples loop conformations and sidechain conformations, with interspersed opportunities for design. Figure 3 offers a diagram of program flow summarizing the major steps of the protocol.
This flowchart summarizes the AnchoredDesign protocol and process. In the top part, preliminary steps are marked in green. These steps are primarily manual but can be assisted with AnchorFinder and AnchoredPDBCreator. Initial steps vary depending on whether the benchmarking case for this paper, or the more general design case, is being addressed. The steps of the AnchoredDesign protocol are shown in blue and pink. The perturbation steps, performed in centroid mode, are in blue. The refinement steps, performed with a fully atomic representation, are in pink. In both portions of the protocol, many Monte Carlo cycles are performed; the results here used 500 perturb and 1000 refine cycles, but optimal cycle counts are best determined on a per-experiment basis.
The first phase of the protocol is the centroid sampling phase, using Rosetta's reduced-sidechain centroid representation and scorefunction. Centroid mode reduces the complexity of the side-chain packing problem while the search function tries to consider larger changes to the protein structure. The centroid sampling phase consists of many Monte Carlo cycles of loop remodeling and minimization. Two types of loop remodeling can be performed here: perturbation followed by cyclic coordinate descent closure (CCD) , , or “kinematic” (KIC) loop remodeling , . Note that for either case, loop modeling proceeds slightly differently than previously published to account for the anchor; see details below. No sidechain optimization is necessary during centroid-mode perturbation, so after loop closure the algorithm proceeds directly into gradient minimization. Backbone torsions at flexible loop positions are minimized to ensure good loop conformations and to perfect loop closure in the CCD case.
The second phase of the protocol is the refinement phase, which uses a fully atomic representation of the proteins. The use of a fullatom scorefunction, along with smaller-scale changes tested by Monte Carlo, allows this phase to refine the candidate structure produced in the perturbation phase. Here, CCD and KIC loop remodeling are also both available, although the CCD steps are softened to suggest smaller protein changes (described below). After each loop closure step, a quick fixed-sequence rotamer relaxation is performed , followed by a gradient minimization. The design portion of AnchoredDesign is incorporated during the fullatom phase by performing a sequence design and/or rotamer repacking on the interface region at user-defined intervals between loop remodeling cycles. Note that to reduce time spent repacking, all rotamer rearrangements used in AnchoredDesign feature automatic detection of the relevant residues: loop residues, their neighbors, and interface residues are automatically included, whereas residues outside those regions (the protein cores and distal surfaces) are not modified during repacking.
Loop modeling for AnchoredDesign.
The KIC loop modeling protocol has been modified slightly from its original published implementation to allow for the constancy of the anchor. Normally, KIC solves an equation to determine phi and psi torsions for 3 loop residues, the pivots. The solutions to the equation are those torsions that close the loop. KIC also optionally selects new values for non-pivot torsions. The modifications used here allow for the anchor positions to be excluded from the list of allowable pivots and modifiable non-pivot torsions; they do not otherwise affect the underlying algorithm at all.
CCD loop closure has also been slightly modified to account for the anchor. Normally, CCD closes a broken loop by iteratively altering phi and psi angles to attempt to bring the broken loop ends together. Here, the anchor's torsions are held fixed during CCD; it has no effect on the algorithm other than introducing inflexible regions which act as a particularly long bond.
Rosetta loop sampling with CCD is normally paired with a perturbation step which breaks the loop and introduces diversity. Here, multiple methods are offered for perturbation before CCD closure. In the perturbation phase, the simplest method offered is randomization of the phi/psi angles (within Ramachandran constraints) of several residues in the loop. Other options include several varieties of fragment-based perturbation: pregenerated fragment sets, automatically generated sequence-specific fragment sets, or automatically generated sequence-nonspecific fragment sets are allowed. The former options are more useful for structure prediction; the latter for design (where the final sequence is not known during the perturbation phase, so fragments of varying sequence are appropriate). In the refinement phase, large loop rearrangements are not desired, so only randomization of phi/psi angles, within a few degrees and Ramachandran constraints, is offered as a method of generating variation before CCD. Fragment insertion is not performed during the fullatom refinement.
Because AnchoredDesign is an interface design tool, but not quite a docking tool, it is necessary to explain how loop remodeling can effect rigid-body sampling without modifying the anchor or core of either protein. Figure 4 is a Rosetta fold tree diagram representing an AnchoredDesign fold tree, modeled after those in Wang et al. Rosetta regularly updates atomic coordinates from internal coordinates (bond lengths, angles, and torsions) held by the atom tree and fold tree data structures. The group of atoms moved by the rotation of any one bond is controlled by the connectivity of the atom tree, which is in turn set by the more general fold tree. In AnchoredDesign, the fold tree is built in such a way that the anchor residues are dependent only on the target protein, the anchor's loop depends on the anchor, and the scaffold (which is rigid around the loop) is dependent on the loop. This setup ensures that conformational changes to the anchor loop result in relative motion of the two proteins' cores: rigid-body sampling. Other surface loops are treated with a standard loop fold tree as in Wang et al.
This figure, modeled after the fold tree diagrams in Figure 1 of Wang et al. , demonstrates the kinematic connectivity that makes AnchoredDesign work. The arrows trace the direction of folding as Rosetta recalculates 3D coordinates from internal coordinates, starting at the green root residue. The upper and lower sections represent the target and scaffold respectively. Shaded regions represent rigid torsions (including the entire target and the core of the scaffold, in this case). Unshaded regions represent mobile torsions: the loops. All jumps between noncontiguous residues (dotted lines) are held rigid. AnchoredDesign embeds rigid torsions (the anchor, red) inside a loop, and affixes the anchor to the target by having the anchor's coordinates depend on the target instead of the scaffold in which the anchor is embedded. The scaffold is then dependent on the anchor via the mobile loop containing the anchor. Also allowed are arbitrarily placed other loops, handled with the standard loop fold tree.
Methods for target selection.
Because appropriate interfaces for testing the AnchoredDesign approach are only a small fraction of the available interfaces in the PDB, an automated method was created to find interfaces with loops resembling an anchored loop. This method has been released alongside AnchoredDesign as AnchorFinder within the 3.3 release. The AnchorFinder algorithm was written to help find appropriate benchmarking structures, but it can also suggest useful anchors against targets of biological interest.
AnchorFinder searches any number of input structures for the qualities that define an anchored interface. In particular, it searches for protein regions that are dominated by loop secondary structure (as determined by Rosetta's internal implementation of the DSSP secondary structure algorithm ) and contain large numbers of protein contacts involving two chains (which are therefore across an interface). AnchorFinder will output a listing of the DSSP assignment and cross-interface neighbors for each residue in each structure studied, plus summaries for contiguous regions that meet user-specified thresholds for length, secondary structure, and number of cross-interface neighbors. Regions with many cross-interface neighbors represent candidate anchors. When using AnchoredDesign to create new interfaces, AnchorFinder can help identify plausible anchors, but for small numbers candidate target/partner structures, manual examination is sufficient.
To choose our benchmarking set, the highest-ranking results from AnchorFinder were examined individually. AnchorFinder was run against the entire PDB (snapshot May 2009). The top several hundred structures returned by AnchorFinder were filtered to ensure that the hits were biological dimers and had identifiable anchors. The remaining hits contained redundant copies of many biological interactions due to multiple structures of some interactions, and multiple copies of one interaction within an asymmetric unit. Single representatives of each biological interaction were chosen. In general benchmarking systems were chosen to have a variety of biological sources, structures, and functions. One benchmarking structure, 2obg , was chosen for its identity as a fibronectin monobody structure without it appearing in the top fraction of AnchorFinder results: it represents the sort of structure AnchoredDesign is intended to create.
Choosing anchors, loops, and designable positions.
AnchorFinder's results strongly suggest candidate anchors for use with AnchoredDesign. In general, the anchors used for benchmarking in this work were chosen by examining the loop residues suggested by AnchorFinder and picking one that either buried large amounts of surface area across the interface or choosing a residue with a cross-interface hydrogen bond. For the purposes of this benchmarking, only single-residue anchors were allowed, although the algorithm is compatible with longer contiguous anchors.
For the design case, anchors will be grafted into a different protein. It is therefore important to choose an anchor with some internal structure and/or a very well-defined interaction with the protein partner; examples might be 4 residues of a hairpin turn binding into a cleft or a phosphotyrosine binding an SH2 domain, respectively. Another possibility is the use of hot-spot residues , , including those determined by fast computational tools , . Ultimately, anchor choice is a dimension of conformational space that must be searched by testing different anchors. Anchors can be evaluated computationally by examining the scores assigned by Rosetta to models using different anchors.
For the benchmarking presented here, the length for the remodeled loop containing the anchor was chosen by simply accumulating residues out from the anchor in both directions until non-loop secondary structure was encountered. Only this single loop was varied, although the code is compatible with multiple (non-anchored) surface loops on both sides of the interface.
In the design case, choice of flexible loops will be dependent on knowledge of the scaffold. Loops must have an absolute minimum of three mobile positions for KIC modeling to work. Which loops and residues should be considered flexible, which scaffold loop should accept the anchor insert and at what position, and what length the loops should be must be determined manually by feeding different inputs to AnchoredDesign and comparing the quality of the resulting models.
Similarly, the choice of designable positions is dependent on knowledge of the scaffold. Scaffolds are presumably chosen on the basis of experimental experience with their tolerance to mutation (for example, fibronectin monobodies or diverse other scaffolds ). The protocol assumes, but does not require, that the designable positions are all on flexible loops on one side of the interface (one-sided design). It will nevertheless accept two-sided design problems or non-loop design positions. Designable positions that are near neither flexible loops nor the interface may fail to be designed as desired, because the protocol automatically freezes those portions of the protein.
Creating starting structures.
For the benchmarking in this paper, inputs for AnchoredDesign were generated from the crystal structure interaction with little modification. Nonprotein atoms (waters, cryoprotectants, and in some cases ligands) were deleted. These were passed through a simple structure minimizer to relax out any clashes with the Rosetta scorefunction. This protocol, InterfaceStructMaker (Peter Benjamin Stranges, unpublished protocol) performs a full-protein minimization and packing. It was determined that this preparatory step had no effect on the RMSD of the best scoring models (data not shown); its purpose was to remove data artifacts due to clashes in the crystal structures. These minimized structures were then fed directly to AnchoredDesign. AnchoredDesign internally deletes unwanted starting structure information (loop conformation, sidechains) when performing the benchmarks described in this paper.
In the design case, preparation of AnchoredDesign starting structures is much more complicated, because the anchor must be grafted from one structure into another. AnchoredDesign has a companion protocol also released with Rosetta3.3, AnchoredPDBCreator, designed to take care of this process. Two structures embodying three protein regions are necessary: a structure of the target protein with the protein containing the anchor bound, and a structure of the scaffold. Coordinates for the anchor, target, and scaffold are extracted into separate PDB files and offered as inputs to AnchoredPDBCreator, along with a file specifying what scaffold positions form the anchor loop and which positions the anchor should occupy. AnchoredPDBCreator inserts the anchor into the scaffold loop, closes the scaffold loop using CCD, and aligns the anchor (still rigid within the scaffold) with its binding site on the target. This resulting structure has the anchor and target correctly oriented (although the scaffold might interact poorly or eclipse the target), and is suitable as input to AnchoredDesign. The process is described in the first three subpanels of Figure 1, panel B.
Workflow for AnchoredDesign is much like other Rosetta protocols: create and tweak input files, feed them to a cluster supercomputer to run tens of thousands of trajectories, then sift through the results. AnchoredDesign requires starting structures (outlined above), anchor and loop specifications (also outlined above), optionally a fragments file, and a resfile when performing design. These file formats and AnchoredDesign command line options are described in the Rosetta3.3 documentation. Briefly, options can be used to tweak the intensity of packing, control scorefunction and minimization settings, and control the length and temperature of the two Monte Carlo sampling phases.
For the benchmarking case, sufficient results to generate a score vs. RMSD metric plot are all that is required; this tends to be several thousand structures.
For the design case, the search space is much larger and the correct answer is not known, so generating many tens of thousands of structures for a particular design problem is appropriate. The protocol cannot perform insertions or deletions, or slide the anchor's position within the loops, so testing scaffold variants in this vein is highly recommended. It is also a good idea to use the results of one round of modeling to inform the next: if one round of modeling shows that a particular loop length never results in a tight interface, throw that series of structures out.
The starting structure produced by AnchoredPDBCreator is very rough and does not consider scaffold-target interactions. It is always necessary to run AnchoredDesign on these structures with sufficient perturbation-phase cycles to get a reasonable alignment of the two partners. Later modeling beginning from better structures can run through only the refinement phase (option AnchoredDesign::refine_only) to find the lowest energy sequences possible.
The optimum settings for the length of the perturbation and refinement phases of AnchoredDesign are system-specific. A good starting point would be 500–1000 perturbation cycles, followed by twice that many refinement cycles. The option AnchoredDesign::refine_repack_cycles controls how often a full repacking/design step is performed during the refinement phase; this option should not be less than 50 (more than that is designing needlessly frequently) and should not be more than 1/4 of the total refine cycles (or design is too infrequent).
AnchoredDesign results are analyzed similarly to other Rosetta protocols'. The resulting structures and scorefile will contain the summed and individual scores, per-residue, for each term in the Rosetta scorefunction. Choosing the most likely models means choosing the lowest-scoring structures. AnchoredDesign also features a series of extra analysis tools to help highlight the better structures. These tools are implemented as Movers which allows their analysis to be easily added to other protocols. Table 1 annotates the scorefile, and Figure S1 annotates the extra analysis output appended to result PDB files.
InterfaceAnalyzerMover examines the quality of the interface in the final model. Included considerations are the burial of solvent-accessible surface area (SASA), the energy of binding, and the number and location of unsatisfied hydrogen bonds in the interface. These are important because AnchoredDesign optimizes stability of the complex (total energy), not binding energy.
LoopAnalyzerMover examines the quality of the flexible loops. It emphasizes the scorefunction terms relevant to loop closure (standard terms rama, dunbrack, and omega, along with the chainbreak term. It also prints the torsion angles of loop residues and the peptide bond distances. These data make it easy to spot poorly closed loops underpenalized by the Score12 scorefunction. These data are included at the end of the PDB output, as shown in Figure S1.
The benchmarking presented here also triggers an extra suite of RMSD analyses which examine the similarity of the result structure to the correct complex. These include the RMSD fields in Table 1, and are further discussed in the Results.
In order to test the AnchoredDesign protocol, we used the AnchorFinder protocol to search for protein dimers with naturally-occurring anchor sequences where a residue of one partner is deeply buried into the other partner and part of an interfacial loop. Table 2 lists the structures' identities along with the anchors and loops chosen for benchmarking. All anchors are single residues. Loop length varies from 8 to 16 residues. Represented structures include homodimers of various functions (1fc4, 1qni, 2qpv, 3dxv, 1u6e, 2bwn, 2hp2, 2wya, 3cgc, 3ean, 1fec), two antibody/antigen complexes (1jtp, 2i25), one enzyme/inhibitor complex (1zr0), one engineered binder/target complex (2obg), and one nonbiological crystal dimer (1dle) chosen as a test of weak interactions. The crystal structures' resolution ranges from 1.7–2.75 Å, and the SASA buried in the interface ranges from 1400 to 11,800 Å2.
Overall quality of predictions
The AnchoredDesign protocol was challenged with a benchmark where it was given a dimer structure with the rigid-body orientation, interface side chains, and an interfacial loop's conformation deleted. With knowledge of the position and conformation within the interface of one residue (the anchor) of the deleted loop, AnchoredDesign was asked to predict the correct loop structure and rigid-body orientation of the two proteins. Due to the fixation of the anchor, the backbone degrees of freedom and rigid-body orientation are treated simultaneously by loop closure (Figures 2 and 4). Beyond this prediction experiment, two further experiments were performed to diagnose the source of failed predictions and provide performance comparisons. In one, the starting structure's loop and side chain information is not deleted: the simulation starts at the correct answer; the test is whether and how far the result drifts from the correct starting structure. These are often called “relaxed natives”. In the second, the same information is not deleted, plus the AnchoredDesign protocol is instructed to skip the broad-sampling centroid perturbation step, and perform only the high-resolution refinement step. This is a more conservative calculation of the relaxed native population. If differences between these two forms of relaxed natives occur, it indicates that data are being lost during the centroid phase due to the low resolution of that protein representation.
AnchoredDesign's prediction of the interface was measured with three root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) metrics. The first metric was Cα RMSD of loop residues after superimposition, which gives a measure of how well the crystal loop was recapitulated. The second was backbone atom RMSD (after superimposition) of residues found at the interface, IRMSD, which measures how well the shape of the interface was recovered. The third metric was Cα RMSD for all residues on the moving side of the interface, LRMSD. This was calculated with superimposition on the nonmoving side of the interface, and thus gives a measure of whether the moving side of the interface is placed in its proper rigid-body position and orientation by AnchoredDesign. IRMSD and LRMSD are approximately equivalent to the metrics used in the communitywide CAPRI docking prediction experiment for gauging the quality of docked interfaces. These three RMSD calculations are labeled loop_CA_sup_RMSD, I_sup_bb_RMSD, and ch2_CA_RMSD in AnchoredDesign output (Table 1, Figure S1).
Table 3 lists the RMSD metrics for the lowest-score structure predicted by AnchoredDesign for each input (compared to the minimized crystal structure used as input). In most cases, AnchoredDesign produces extremely accurate models for which each metric is below 1 Å RMSD; exceptions are further discussed below. Figures 5 and S2 show each of the 16 complexes, including the minimized crystal structure and lowest-scoring result from AnchoredDesign. For most cases, the prediction is indistinguishable from the correct structure. Note that lowest-scoring is defined purely by Rosetta's standard Score12 scorefunction, plus a chainbreak term used in CCD loop modeling; these weights are listed in Table S1.
This figure demonstrates the relaxed crystal structure input and AnchoredDesign's lowest-score prediction for 8 of the 16 structures. The first and third rows show whole structures, and the second and fourth zoom in on the predicted loops. The nonmoving side of the interface is in green, the actual partner in cyan and the prediction in yellow. The predicted loop is red and the anchor is white. Structures are labeled with their PDB code in the lower right of each cell. For most structures, the predicted rigid-body placement and loop is indistinguishable from the relaxed crystal structure; 3cgc (lower left) is the exception. The other 8 structures are shown similarly in Figure S2.
Figures 6, S3 and S4 show score versus RMSD plots for each structure for each of the three metrics. These plots demonstrate that AnchoredDesign produces “funnels” for most of these experiments: all low-energy points are also low-RMSD, and RMSD rises with energy. This indicates the scorefunction grades these structures accurately and AnchoredDesign samples possible structures effectively. To visualize the space which AnchoredDesign samples, Figure S5 shows the result of 100 trajectories for two PDBs (2obg and 1fc4). The protocol clearly samples many possible interfaces and rigid body orientations, but is nevertheless able to determine which is correct.
This figure shows score versus IRMSD plots for each of the 16 structures. RMSD was calculated between the relaxed crystal structure (input) and AnchoredDesign's output. Plots are labeled with their PDB ID in the lower right of each cell. Black points are predictions, red points are relaxed native trajectories, and blue points are conservative relaxed native trajectories which skipped the centroid phase (see main text). Blue points may lie under red points, and red points may lie under black points. Some high-score points are out of view on all plots; all low-score points are present. On the RMSD (X) axis, the first, second, and third tic marks represent 1, 2.5, and 5 Ångstroms. Some plots are zoomed in beyond 5 or 2.5 Ångstroms and fewer tics appear.
For most experiments, these predictions required 1 day on 128 2.33 GHz processors per experiment, which produces thousands to tens of thousands of trajectories depending on the size of the input structure. Some experiments required extra computer time to accommodate larger proteins. Similar quantities of sampling were used for the relaxed native experiments; only 512 models per structure were produced for the conservative, fullatom-only relaxed natives.
The most significant failure in this benchmark is the inability of AnchoredDesign to predict a correct interface for structure 3cgc. This structure is of a bacterial Coenzyme A disulfide reductase. Figures 6, S3 and S4, panel 3cgc, show no low-RMSD points and no real score discrimination for the prediction experiment (black points). When the loop is not deleted prior to prediction, lower score, low-RMSD conformations are created (red and blue points). This demonstrates that it is not a flaw in the fullatom scorefunction but rather in sampling: the protocol never examines a loop resembling the correct loop, but it does give low scores to correct loops for relaxed natives. The relaxation experiment (red points), which runs AnchoredDesign as normal on an intact input loop, can be seen to hop out of the score well for correct structures and produces a smear of isoenergetic high-RMSD points. The fact that relaxed natives can lose their correct conformation implies that the problem may be a combination of errors. It could be that the low-resolution centroid scorefunction is unable to recognize the correct structure, and the fullatom phase's sampling is insufficient or ineffective in recovering low-RMSD structures for 3cgc.
Loop conformation errors
Structures 1qni and 2hp2 represent a pair of partial failures. These two structures score well on IRMSD and LRMSD metrics, but have relatively poor predicted loop RMSDs. In these two cases, AnchoredDesign finds and recognizes the correct interface between proteins without folding the anchor loop correctly. Figure 7 shows the ten lowest-energy predictions for these two structures. In each case, all structures have the correct interface, but the loop itself is not predicted correctly, and does not converge onto a single prediction. Apparently, the energy well containing the correctly-bound interface is deep enough that the scorefunction can find it through minimization of loop degrees of freedom without accurately sampling the loop itself. Figure S4 indicates that AnchoredDesign is probably failing to sample the correct loop in both cases, because the conservative relaxed natives (which maintain the correct loop conformation) are lowest RMSD and lowest scoring. This is probably related to the fact that these loops are longer than most loops in this benchmark (see Table 2, Discussion). AnchoredDesign's assignment of varied incorrect loops as isoenergetic is probably due to the lack of nearby steric restraints. The 1qni loop is mostly solvent-exposed, meaning that many solutions are possible. The 2hp2 loop borders a ligand absent during the modeling, freeing volume which then allows for many solutions.
This figure shows the insufficiency of AnchoredDesign's loop predictions for 1qni and 2hp2. In gray is the nonmoving side of the interface and in black is the correct structure. Each of the ten colors represents the loops of one of the top ten predictions by lowest energy. The predictions' protein cores are green. Notice that the loops themselves do not converge, but that the rigid-body placement and interface as a whole is correct (the green and black portions are overlaid towards the top of each panel).
Rigid body placement errors
Table 3 shows that the three metrics are slightly inconsistent for structure 2i25, a shark antibody bound to lysozyme. Specifically, the loop RMSD and IRMSD metrics indicate a correct solution, while the LRMSD metric indicates a deviation. Examination of this structure (Figure 5, panel 2i25) shows that the interface and the loop are nearly the same set of residues: the CDR3 loop of the antibody. The relatively elongated antibody fold and the presence of a C-terminal tail pointing away from the interface amplify tiny errors in loop structure between the interface and antibody core to produce a relatively large displacement of the opposite side of the antibody. The prediction shows clearly that AnchoredDesign is correct despite the slightly high LRMSD.
Comparison of loop closure methods
To test whether CCD or KIC loop closure was more appropriate for AnchoredDesign, all experiments were repeated using only CCD or KIC loop remodeling. Three general trends were found. First, AnchoredDesign with only CCD sampling is usually slower than AnchoredDesign with only KIC sampling; the default protocol using both falls in the middle (data not shown). Second, for a few structures (2obg and 2i25), more trajectories were required with KIC sampling to get results equivalent to CCD or combined sampling. Finally, all three methods produce results of equivalent qualities, as shown in Table 4. We also found that structure 2bwn, which can be seen in Figures 6, S3 and S4 to rarely sample the correct conformation, samples the correct conformation even less efficiently with only one style of loop remodeling. Taken together, these results imply that the default protocol, using both methods, is most appropriate for the design case where the correct structure is not known. KIC-only closure offers a speed benefit but may not work as well on all structures.
Effects of anchor displacement
To test how sensitive our results were to the exact position of the anchor, we performed an experiment where the anchor was randomly displaced from its correct position. The protocol was modified to allow the anchor to move freely, to allow relaxation of clashes introduced by the random displacement. The anchor was gently constrained to its original position to prevent these initial clashes causing a total ejection of the anchor. Table S2 shows that AnchoredDesign is able to correctly predict the interface in most cases in this modified experiment. This demonstrates that AnchoredDesign is not hypersensitive to the exact starting conformation at the interface; small errors and flexibility in anchor placement do not pose a problem.
Summary of results
Overall, these results are very encouraging for AnchoredDesign. Most structures tested are predicted with a very high level of accuracy, as seen in Figure 6 and Table 3. Note that none of the IRMSD versus score plots in Figure 6 demonstrate false funnels (there are no populations of low-energy, high-RMSD points). This indicates a lack of scoring failures, where incorrect structures are scored better than correct structures. Figure 6 also indicates that sampling failures are rare: only one case (3cgc) has no sub 2.5 Å RMSD points, and most cases have many sub-1 Å interface RMSD predictions. The few failures of the protocol can be attributed with some confidence to issues in the input (missing ligands, loop placement and length) rather than problems with the protocol itself. Additionally, the protocol is robust against small errors in anchor placement.
The novel AnchoredDesign protocol described in this paper is capable of predicting the proper conformation of loop-mediated interfaces, as demonstrated by its benchmarking performance against 15 of 16 structures. In these predictions, AnchoredDesign is able to assemble one fixed, correct backbone with another mostly fixed, mostly correct backbone by knowing one point of contact and performing loop modeling to search rigid-body and loop conformational space. AnchoredDesign's success should not come as a surprise: Rosetta and many other docking protocols have been proven to perform very well in fixed-backbone docking from bound backbones., , Rosetta has also succeeded at docking with loop remodeling. That protocol was similar in its degrees of freedom to the one presented here, but different in its treatment of those freedoms. Recently, Rosetta-based docking algorithms were shown to correctly predict a trypsin/inhibitor complex like 1zr0 ; CAPRI Target 40, which Rosetta predicted at the highest level of accuracy. We recently used AnchoredDesign to model an unknown interface between a fibronectin monobody and SH3 domain target, using a canonical polyproline binding interaction as an anchor. We found that AnchoredDesign's models of fluorophore-tagged protein produced results consistent with experimental fluorescence.
The total (3cgc) and partial (1qni, 2hp2) failures of AnchoredDesign in this benchmark all share a common thread: these tests have loops longer than other, better-predicted complexes. These three tests have the longest loops at 14, 15, and 16 residues, respectively. Structure 2bwn, with a 14-residue loop, represents a borderline success. The lowest-energy structures are low in RMSD, but they are quite rare: careful examination of Figures 6, S3 and S4 (panel 2bwn) reveals only two low-energy points (both also low-RMSD) for structure 2bwn. For the other 12 structures that are clearer successes, the loops are 8, 10, or 12 residues. Loops were chosen not based on length but rather local structure characteristics: the loop length is the length of the loop in the native structure, chosen by extending from the anchor out to the closest sheet or helix. This dependence of result quality on loop length is not surprising; other authors have found similar dependencies with Rosetta's loop modeling protocols. The KIC protocol was proven to work well on loops of length less than 13 residues and Rosetta's other loop prediction techniques also work better on loops shorter than 13.
Benchmarking successes and failures aside, the purpose of AnchoredDesign is not to provide another docking tool to work on known interfaces; it is to provide an interface design tool for the creation of new interfaces. This work demonstrates the ability of AnchoredDesign to address the flexible-backbone interface prediction aspect of the interface design problem. A necessary ingredient not tested here is the design aspect of AnchoredDesign, present in the protocol but not showcased by this benchmark. Known-structure benchmarking of this variety is not capable of testing both backbone flexibility and design quality at the same time: there is no way to know that the natural protein is the best possible structure and sequence at the interface, and so there is no reason to believe flexible-backbone design will converge to nature's solution. Fortunately, Rosetta has also proven to be very effective at the design problem., , , The anchor displacement experiment suggests that in the design case, small displacements and rotations at the anchor position could be searched to increase the probability that designable interfaces are sampled.
A complete test for the AnchoredDesign protocol will be a full pass from separated target and scaffold starting structures, through computational prediction of a binding sequence, to experimental verification that the model is correct.
Annotated AnchoredDesign results. This text represents excerpts from a PDB file result from an AnchoredDesign run. Vertical or horizontal ellipses (…) indicate where text has been excised for space or section boundaries. As in most PDB files, there are many thousands of ATOM records that compose the bulk of the file (A). The next section is the Rosetta-standard score section, listing the whole-structure and per-residue scores for all scorefunction terms. After B comes the output from LoopAnalyzerMover, including per-residue listings for several statistics (along with an annotation); C demarcates skipped residue lines. The utility of LoopAnalyzerMover is in finding small loop errors; for example residue 322 has a slightly longer peptide bond (1.339 Å, pbnd_dst) than the Rosetta standard 1.329 Å. Section D includes the protein sequence (useful in design mode) followed by output from InterfaceAnalzyerMover. This includes a listing of residues with unsatisfied, buried hydrogen bonds near the interface (clipped by E) and PyMOL selections of interface residues (clipped by F). The file ends with a long list of added statistics, which also appear in the scorefile (clipped by G) (see also Table 1).
Best scoring prediction for 8 complexes. This figure demonstrates the relaxed crystal structure input and AnchoredDesign's lowest-score prediction for 8 of the 16 structures. The first and third rows show whole structures, and the second and fourth zoom in on the predicted loops. The nonmoving side of the interface is in green, the actual partner in cyan and the prediction in yellow. The predicted loop is red and the anchor is white. Structures are labeled with their PDB code in the lower right of each cell. For most structures, the predicted rigid-body placement and loop is indistinguishable from the relaxed crystal structure. The other 8 structures are shown similarly in Figure 5.
LRMSD versus score plots. This figure shows score versus LRMSD plots for each of the 16 structures. RMSD was calculated between the relaxed crystal structure (input) and AnchoredDesign's output. Plots are labeled with their PDB ID in the lower right of each cell. Black points are predictions, red points are relaxed native trajectories, and blue points are conservative relaxed native trajectories which skipped the centroid phase (see main text). Blue points may lie under red points, and red points may lie under black points. Some high-score points are out of view on all plots; all low-score points are present. On the RMSD (X) axis, the first, second, and third tic marks represent 1, 2.5, and 5 Ångstroms.
Loop RMSD versus score plots. This figure shows score versus loop RMSD plots for each of the 16 structures. RMSD was calculated between the relaxed crystal structure (input) and AnchoredDesign's output. Plots are labeled with their PDB ID in the lower right of each cell. Black points are predictions, red points are relaxed native trajectories, and blue points are conservative relaxed native trajectories which skipped the centroid phase (see main text). Blue points may lie under red points, and red points may lie under black points. Some high-score points are out of view on all plots; all low-score points are present. On the RMSD (X) axis, the first, second, and third tic marks represent 1, 2.5, and 5 Ångstroms. Some plots are zoomed in beyond 5 or 2.5 Ångstroms and fewer tics appear.
2obg and 1fc4 sampling. This image shows the range of sampling in 100 convenience-sample result structures from the standard protocol. Panel A contains 100 predictions for PDB 2obg, and panel B contains the correct 2obg structure for comparison. Panels C and D contain the same for the 1fc4 system. In each panel, the fixed side of the interface is at the bottom in green and the spread of possible docking orientations are across the top in a rainbow of colors. It can be seen that many possible interfaces and rigid body degrees of freedom are sampled. Furthermore, this sample represents result structures; many more orientations are sampled within a trajectory but rejected by Monte Carlo or superseded by better structures.
AnchoredDesign scorefunction. This table lists the Rosetta scorefunction terms used in the benchmarking experiments for AnchoredDesign. All terms and weights except chainbreak are the standard Score12 terms used for many Rosetta experiments. Chainbreak is used with CCD loop modeling; the weight of 2 was determined empirically and can be modified by an AnchoredDesign command line flag.
Effects of anchor displacement. This table lists the RMSD metrics (see results) for both the standard and anchor-displaced AnchoredDesign benchmarking experiment. The “standard” columns duplicate Table 3 for ease of reading; the “displaced” columns list the values from this new experiment. To produce displacement, the alpha carbon of the anchor residue (and accordingly, all other residues in the moving side of the interface) was translated to a random position within one Ångstrom in x, y, and z (an 8 square-Ångstrom cube) of its original position. To relax possible clashes caused by this displacement, the anchor was allowed to move instead of being held in its original position. It was gently constrained to its correct position using constraints were automatically generated between the anchor position's alpha carbon and the closest four alpha carbons across the interface. Each constraint was scored by a harmonic potential weighted to produce a score penalty of half a unit at 1 Ångstrom deviation. For comparison, total protein scores for these systems are in the range of hundreds to thousands, so half a score unit is weak.
The authors would like to acknowledge University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Research Computing for their assistance in obtaining computer time.
Conceived and designed the experiments: SML BAK. Performed the experiments: SML. Analyzed the data: SML BAK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SML. Wrote the paper: SML BAK.
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Exploring the Next Frontier: Vietnam, NASA, Star Trek and Utopia in 1960s and 1970s American Myth and History
Matthew Wilhelm Kapell
London, Routledge, 2016, ISBN: 9781138188570; 238pp.; Price: £98.96
University of Southampton
Date accessed: 10 August, 2022
In the late 1960s, argues Matthew Wilhelm Kapell in Exploring the Next Frontier, ‘Americanist scholars’ (p. 6) intentionally abandoned the project of analyzing American myth. He identifies three reasons why they did so. Firstly, amid a contemporary ferment of social conflict and challenges to political authority, they came to disdain the concept of a national myth itself as involving an errant and essentially conservative assumption that cultures were static and homogeneous. Myths were no longer to be canonized as somehow impervious to historical change or innocent of the operations of power. Scholars in the field of American Studies sought to reduce the status of myths by dissolving them into the catch-all category of ‘rhetoric’ and by devoting their attention to the sort of narratives – those of subaltern social groups in particular – that now came into view as the shadows cast by the stock characters and the Whiggish dramaturgy of a single national story started to lift. Secondly, these scholars concluded that the distinctive content of American mythic tradition could not survive the Vietnam War. That tradition, exemplified in the frontier thesis of Frederick Jackson Turner, had conceived of the United States as continually regenerated through its experience of expansion; with each advance westward towards the Pacific coast, Americans were forged anew in the crucible of encounter with untamed nature and the challenge of composing a civilized society from the elemental praxis of frontier life. But then, having reached the Pacific and vaulted across it, Americans eventually met their match in the forces of the Vietnamese revolution; losing badly, it was not civilization they wrought, but a desolation, most notoriously in the settlement they called My Lai. The moral and operational failures in Vietnam, Kapell observes, ‘would seem to permanently scar America’s frontier mythology’ (p. 3). Thirdly, he argues, the interdisciplinary tradition of American Studies itself was being deconstituted at this time, with historians splitting off to write granular archive-based accounts of hitherto neglected social groups or localities, leaving the field in the hands of literary scholars who, under the influence of European theory, were more interested in the endless improvisations and vicissitudes of rhetoric than in the constructive cultural uses that had been made, and might still be made, of older mythic discourses. The effort of an earlier generation of scholars in American Studies – known as the ‘Myth and Symbol’ school – to identify a common cultural inheritance in the mythic poetry of the frontier thesis was now regarded as ‘anathema’ (p. 39). According to Kapell, ‘most studies of “myth” itself would become verboten in academe’ (p. 6).
The repudiation of myth as a legitimate subject of enquiry within American Studies, Kapell asserts, has persisted to the present day. He believes its effects have been pernicious. At the same moment in the late 1960s that, across sectors of academe, myth was being cast as an intellectual anachronism, new experiments were taking place throughout American culture which drew inspiration from the frontier tradition as they imagined alternative, socially progressive visions of the human future. But, as scholars have observed their ommertà on the theme of myth, the significance of these experiments as creative reconditionings of the Turner thesis for post-Vietnam America have been almost entirely ignored. This was true, Kapell suggests, even in the scholarly field that would have been the obvious staging-post from which to begin such enquiries: the New Western History has been so concerned to bury the corpse of the Turner thesis under the weight of empirical studies that establish the West as a distinctive zone of societal conflict, aggressive resource extraction and racial conquest that its practitioners have devoted little attention to the continued evocations of the thesis in contemporary American culture. The costs that issue from the myopic hostility of Americanist scholars to the concept of national myth are, for Kapell, not just intellectual. By denying the validity of any analytical program ‘that leaves open the possibility of there ever being a “whole,”’ these scholars ‘endeavor to Balkanize not only their field but also the nation-state that is the United States’ (p. 11).
Let us place that last striking claim to one side for the moment, and consider the rest. Kapell is correct to see the early 1970s as a wintry season for the Myth and Symbol school. Turner’s interpretation of the frontier and of its formative role in American development already had been abraded by a succession of critiques.(1) Indeed, the exemplary text of the Myth and Symbol school – Henry Nash Smith’s Virgin Land – had itself pointed out that Turner’s lyrical language often obscured the distinction between the real and the ideal, and questioned the power of his agrarian romanticism to speak usefully to the experiences of a modern industrial society.(2) But it was also evident that Smith and his peers, writing their works near the high noon of the American Century, saw nothing especially invidious in the cultural nationalism of their sources; they did not reflect very expansively on the consequences of a westering ideology for native peoples who had lived in that ‘virgin’ land long before it became a frontier; nor did they theorize with much rigour how it might be decided what was mythic and what was not. There were good reasons for graduate students in the 1970s to score such texts with objections and rebukes.
Yet, was it really the case, as Kapell asserts, that ‘there seemed to be no possibility of adjusting the Myth and Symbol school’s methodology for new analyses based on myth’ (p. 41)? Virgin Land continued to feature on graduate reading lists, whilst sympathetic reappraisals of its broad approach were published periodically throughout the 1970s and 1980s.(3) Kapell tells us nothing about the emerging field of film studies, which owed at least a measure of intellectual debt to European critics enthralled by the western form; indeed, it was in the early 1970s that American scholars started to produce their own sustained mythographic readings of the genre.(4) Around the same time, as Kapell acknowledges, Richard Slotkin delivered the first volume of his seminal trilogy of studies exploring the origins and evolution of American frontier mythology, and Annette Kolodny revealed how American writers had persistently deployed the ‘image system of a feminine landscape’ to either romanticize the natural world of the frontier or – upon the entrance of machines – to lament its violation.(5) In addition, it is not self-evident that the New Western Historians – when they strutted into town in the mid-1980s – were determined to enforce a regime of incuriosity about the persistence of Turnerian tropes within American culture. ‘Frontier’, declared Patricia Nelson Limerick in The Legacy of Conquest, her mission statement for the field, ‘is an unsubtle concept in a subtle world. Even so, the idea of the frontier is obviously worth studying as a historical artefact. The idea played an enormous role in national behavior’. She observed that it continued to be influential, citing President Reagan’s evocation of ‘the American sound’ in his second inaugural address: ‘a settler pushes west and sings his song, and the song echoes out forever and fills the unknowing air’.(6) And certainly, by millennium’s end, no-one interested in the enduring power of frontier themes could reasonably gaze at American historiography, now lightly irrigated by the methods of the ‘new cultural history’, and proclaim it to be a desert, drained dry of mythographic analysis.(7) Not every Americanist scholar after Vietnam confused an interest in the cultural career of the Turner thesis with an intellectual endorsement of the thesis itself.
What then of the cultural experiments that Kapell identifies as disclosing the continued symbolic potential of the frontier narrative even as the nation, in the late 1960s, seemed to hit a wall and break apart? All four of Kapell’s case studies – Joe Haldeman’s 1974 science fiction novel The Forever War, NASA’s Apollo missions, the three seasons of Star Trek broadcast between 1966 and 1969, and Gerard O’Neill’s elaborate blueprint for a chain of space colonies sharing the moon’s orbital path around the Earth – involve frontier dramas staged in a cosmic setting. Perhaps these efforts of translation to the extra-terrestrial realm did indeed affirm that the Turner thesis, against the desiccating revisionism of American academe, remained a guide and inspiration as the country lighted out for new horizons – this time, genuinely unbounded ones. Or perhaps they better embodied a final desperate projection, like that of the ruined pioneer, stranded on a Pacific shore, imagining that the route to paradise lay through the depths of the churning sea.
A persuasive resolution of that question is not to be found within the covers of Exploring the Next Frontier. Kapell’s argument that the frontier myth survived as a cultural resource despite the social and moral crisis of the Vietnam era is not necessarily wrong, but it receives oddly strangled support from his chosen case studies. Haldeman’s Forever War, as Kapell acknowledges, was directed towards the subversion, rather than the renovation, of science fiction’s standard frontier tropes. For the astronauts of the Apollo programme, he notes, the encounter with the arid, pock-marked moon chilled the expectation that the reachable cosmos was abundant with fresh, green breasts of real estate, pliant to the will of a new generation of rocket-assisted pioneers. He only briefly alludes to the conspicuous survival of a homesteading theme in NASA’s public rhetoric into the era of the space shuttle.(8) Kapell’s account of the original Star Trek series, meanwhile, examines its regular recycling of a plot in which the crew of the Enterprise, delivered into the midst of an apparently paradisiacal frontier world, ultimately unmask the dystopian realities underpinning its social order. In its consistent puncturing of Edenic visions, Star Trek, he suggests, reflected the ‘mythic exhaustion’ of American culture in the late 1960s. (p. 163) So the evidence offered by Kapell for the residual power of Turner’s ideas to shape optimistic anticipations of the human future is really restricted to a single example: that of O’Neill and his proposal for colonies in space, first conceived in 1969 and subsequently developed in his 1976 book The High Frontier. Kapell’s exegesis of O’Neill’s writings is quite illuminating, but he provides no sustained analysis of how those writings were received, which is surely the most significant test of whether frontier imaginings could still express the aspirations of American audiences even in an ‘age of limits’. O’Neill’s cylindrical model of an orbital colony continues to excite discussion across the caucus of space enthusiasts and is frequently evoked in works of science fiction – most notably, in the 2014 film Interstellar – but this particular cosmic frontier seems no closer to being opened than it did four decades ago. The shuttles – O’Neill’s preferred means of wagoning pioneers to the new settlements in space – used up their lives in the service of other causes. In the 1970s and 1980s, it was the Soviet Union, not the United States, which committed itself most fully to the goal of establishing an enduring human outpost in orbit above the Earth.
Kapell’s themes are worth exploring, so it is a real shame that he has not written a more polished and persuasive book. His allegations of scholarly neglect are too extravagant; his argument is knotted with contradictions; and his prose is not good company. Irritation subsides at length into fatalism as the reading eye keeps snagging on graceless stuff like this: ‘When a fully current understanding of what contemporary first class scholars of myth mean when they examine their topic [sic], a deeper and polysemous understanding of the many American “myths of the frontier” can also be considered’ (p. 48). And this: ‘Any use of myth or frontiers became exclusively used to argue for the intellectual bankruptcy of previous models’ (p. 37). The chore of careful proof-reading has been evaded somewhere in the production process. Kapell is not the first student of American culture to be concerned about its ‘disuniting’, but it is hard – at this particular point in the nation’s history – to rate ‘Americanist academics’ (p. 2) as a fissuring force more powerful than institutional racism, inequalities of wealth and opportunity, and intensifying public controversies over the role of the state. And if the ideal of the coherent whole is so important, let it also be honoured as a principle in the composition of our books.
- See, for example, a number of the essays included in George Rogers Taylor, ed., The Turner Thesis: Concerning the Role of the Frontier in American History (Boston, MA, 1949).Back to (1)
- Henry Nash Smith, Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth (Cambridge, MA, 1970), pp. 250–60.Back to (2)
- See, for example, Cecil F. Tate, The Search for a Method in American Studies, (Minneapolis, MN, 1973), pp. 47–64; Alan Tractenberg, ‘Myth, history, and literature in Virgin Land’, Prospects, 3 (1978), 125–33; and Guenter H. Lenz, ‘American Studies – beyond the crises? Recent redefinition and the meaning of theory, history, and practical criticism’, Prospects, 7 (1982), 53–113.Back to (3)
- André Bazin, ‘The Western, or the American film par excellence’, in Bazin, What is Cinema? (vol. 2, Berkeley, CA, 1971), pp. 140–8; John Cawelti, The Six-Gun Mystique (Bowling Green, OH, 1970); and Will Wright, Six Guns and Society: A Structural Study of the Western (Berkeley, CA, 1975).Back to (4)
- Richard Slotkin, Regeneration Through Violence: The Mythology of the American Frontier, 1600–1860 (Norman, OK, 1973); Annette Kolodny, The Lay of the Land: Metaphor as Experience and History in American Life and Letters, (Chapel Hill, NC, 1975).Back to (5)
- Patricia Nelson Limerick, The Legacy of Conquest: The Unbroken Past of the American West, (New York, NY, 1987), pp. 25, 324.Back to (6)
- Examples include: Robert G. Athearn, The Mythic West in Twentieth-Century America, (Lawrence, KS, 1986); John Hellmann, American Myth and the Legacy of Vietnam (New York, NY, 1986); Beverly J. Stoeltje, ‘Making the frontier myth: folklore process in a modern nation’, Western Folklore, 46, 4 (1987), 235–53; Harold Schechter and Jonna G. Semeiks, ‘Leatherstocking in ‘Nam: Rambo, Platoon, and the American Frontier myth’, Journal of Popular Culture, 24, 4 (1991), 17-25; John Mack Faragher, Daniel Boone: The Life and Legend of an American Pioneer (New York, NY, 1992); Reuben J. Ellis, ‘The American Frontier and the contemporary real estate advertising magazine’, Journal of Popular Culture, 27, 3 (1993), 119–33; and The Frontier in American Culture, ed. James R. Grossman (Berkeley, CA, 1994). See also, more recently, David Wrobel, Promised Lands: Promotion, Memory, and the Creation of the American West (Lawrence, KS, 2002); and Michael L. Johnson, Hunger for the Wild: America’s Obsession with the Untamed West, (Lawrence, KS, 2009).Back to (7)
- For a fuller discussion of this point, see James Spiller, ‘Nostalgia for the right stuff: astronauts and public anxiety about a changing nation’, in Spacefarers: Images of Astronauts and Cosmonauts in the Heroic Era of Spaceflight, ed. Michael J. Neufeld (Washington, DC, 2013), pp. 57–80.Back to (8) | <urn:uuid:76b40095-1961-4f3d-a499-7e88a0a4a80d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://reviews.history.ac.uk/review/2017 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.940467 | 3,590 | 2.234375 | 2 |
The Chinese authorities on Tuesday announced that the government cut the quarantine period for international travelers, marking a major step toward further easing Covid-19 measures and full reopening for the country.
China has been mostly cut off from the world for more than two years as the country is moving cautiously in controlling the spread of Covid-19 infection following its zero-Covid policy.
Now, Beijing will halve its Covid-19 quarantine period for visitors from overseas to seven days at a centralized facility, such as a hotel, and another three days monitoring at home before being able to venture out, according to the announcement from the National Health Commission on Tuesday.
Meanwhile, the quarantine measures also apply to those that have close contacts with confirmed Covid-19 cases by staying at a centralized facility for seven days and another three at home.
Covid-19 cases in China had been dropping from nearly 30,000 cases per day in April, the highest since the first outbreak in late 2019, to a 7-day average of 125 cases as of June 27, 2022.
Restrictions in China have been one of the main focus for global traders considering the country as the main exports and imports routes, while being the world’s second largest economy behind the United States of America. | <urn:uuid:abd4c9a4-86c1-4269-b397-ef9b19baf0a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kaohooninternational.com/economics/513608/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.969423 | 263 | 1.96875 | 2 |
An arborist, tree surgeon, or arboriculturist, is a specialist in the demonstration of arboriculture, which is the turn of events, the board, and examination of individual trees, brambles, plants, and other interminable woody plants in dendrology and development; Tree surgery is quite possibly the most hazardous position on the planet, with a high potential for occurrence because of the heights and the machinery which should be utilized to do the work.
Choosing a Tree Surgeon Sutton can be a difficult task and if not done properly could lead to injury, damage to property, and irrevocable damage to your trees.
Arborists for the most part center around the wellbeing and security of individual plants and trees, instead of overseeing timberlands (the spaces of ranger service and silviculture) or collecting wood. An arborist’s degree of work is hence specific from that of either a forester or a logger.
Strategies to climb
Arborists who move can use an assortment of strategies to climb into the tree. The most unobtrusive, and most mainstream procedure utilized is to rise on the rope. There are two normal techniques for climbing, Single Rope System (SRS) and Moving Rope System (MRS). At the point when individual wellbeing is an issue, or the tree is being taken out, arborists may utilize ‘spikes’, (otherwise called ‘gaffs’ or ‘prods’) appended to their trimming tool boots with lashes to rise and work. Spikes wound the tree, leaving little openings where each progression has been.
An arborist’s work may include exceptionally enormous and complex trees, or environmental networks and their abiotic parts with regards to the scene biological system. These may require checking and treatment to guarantee they are solid, safe, and appropriate to landowners or local area norms. This work may incorporate a few or the entirety of the accompanying: planting; relocating; pruning; underlying scaffolding; forestalling, or diagnosing and treating phytopathology or parasitism; forestalling or interfering with brushing or predation; introducing lightning assurance; and eliminating vegetation considered as dangerous, and invasive species, an infection vector, or a weed.
Arborists may in like manner configuration, counsel, create reports, and give a legitimate announcement. While a few parts of this work are done on the bottom or in an office, an excellent deal of it’s done by arborists who perform tree organizations and who climb the trees with ropes, harnesses, and other stuff. Lifts and cranes may be used too. Made by all arborists isn’t something basically the same. Some may essentially give a guiding organization; others may perform climbing, pruning, and planting: while others may give a blend of these organizations.
The Master Arborist or Board Certified Master Arborist certification recognizes proficient arborists who have achieved the most significant level of arboriculture offered by the International Society of Arboriculture(ISA) and one of the two high levels in the field. There are a couple of approaches to turn into the Board Certified Master Arborist, anyway routinely, all things considered, each has been an ISA Certified Arborist for somewhere around three to five years prior to meeting all prerequisites for the test (this can change depending upon other guidance and experience). The accreditation started because of the need to recognize the best couple of arborists and permit others to distinguish those with prevalent qualifications. The ISA added strength certificates of Utility Specialist, for those keeping up with vegetation around electric utility wires, Municipal Specialist, for those with extra experience overseeing public metropolitan trees. | <urn:uuid:08803d35-43ec-4566-bf11-10f9624dc263> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.cmuoriginals.org/an-arborist-tree-surgeon-and-strategies-to-climb-into-a-tree-with-specialization-of-master-arborist/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.92341 | 773 | 3.15625 | 3 |
On a clear night, the dark night skies above Cranborne Chase AONB offer you a unique view of galaxies millions of light years away. That means that the light you see was created long before humans evolved. This guide will help you to organise a fun-filled star party, whether it’s just for your family or for your whole community.
Even though we can say that we are in one of the darkest places in England, light pollution from surrounding towns can have an impact. Locations with a lot of nearby outdoor lighting can also spoil your view of the night sky. However, you shouldn’t have to travel far to find a place to hold your party. Many people are happy to turn off their lights for a few hours, even the council. It is worth asking, as this can lead to a transformed view and it will mean that you are much more likely to see the Milky Way.
Try and find a flat, open space with a good view of the night sky. Remember that some of the best objects might be closer to the horizon.
Finally, try and pick a date when the Moon either rises after your event finishes, or is at a thin crescent phase, otherwise its brightness will drown out many stars - unless of course you would like to observe our closest celestial body.
Your eyes are the most essential tool you have. They are free to use and on a clear night you will be able to see at least 3,000 objects - which isn’t bad. Try and take a comfortable chair that leans back, or a bean bag, so that you can gaze for long periods without straining your neck. It will take at least 20 minutes for your eyes to adjust to the darkness, so avoid staring into a car headlight or using your mobile phone. Red light is fine to find your way about, so you will need to ensure that you use a bike lamp or a torch with a red sweet wrapper placed over the top.
Good quality binoculars can also give you a deeper insight into the night sky, revealing many stunning objects. Even a moderate magnification and aperture (e.g. 7×42) reveals much more information as the naked eye can see, plus you will be able to explore the surface of the Moon and the moons of Jupiter.
The most common complaint, and the thing that puts most people off stargazing, is getting cold. It is easy to underestimate how cold it can be, even in the summer, when standing still at night. Take lots of layers, including a hat and scarf, plus several blankets. Layers can always be taken off and it will make a massive difference to your enjoyment of the night.
Hot drinks and good snacks are also a vital part of the experience. Check out our website page 'Stargazing essentials’ for a fuller guide.
Starting out in astronomy can be tough. With thousands of objects above you where do you start? Once you have got to know one or two key constellations, however, such as Orion, you can learn how they point to others and thereby build up your own road map of the night sky. Star charts really help and be downloaded from our dark sky guide. Planispheres are also brilliant, allowing you to accurately line up the date, month and time to what you can see. You can either make your own or buy them ready made.
There are also a number of mobile apps available, with Stellarium regarded as one of the best. However, be careful not to ruin your night vision. Look for apps which have a night mode which displays the sky in red light. Using this you can identify objects, such as the Space Station and other satellites, as well as your favourite celestial bodies.
On any clear night you are sure to be wowed by the night sky, but theming your party around a meteor shower is popular. The best-known ones are the Perseids in August, the Leonids in November and the Geminids in December. At peak times and in optimum conditions, dozens or more can be seen each hour. There are many websites and apps which provide information on meteor showers, including: Time and date website, Meteor Shower Calendar. Here is a list of the best ones in the UK:
|Meteor shower||Approximate peak|
|Quadrantids||December 27-January 12|
|Eta Aquarids||May 5-6|
It is always fun being out at night, but with bags, spare clothing, equipment and low levels of lighting, accidents can happen. As a rule make sure you have as much red lighting as you can and ensure that you are safely parked and away from moving vehicles.
In our Dark Sky Guide there is a list of good places to stargaze, but feel free to choose your own. If you aren't planning to look at the night sky on your own land always seek permission from the landowner first.
We have teamed up with the Wessex Astronomical Society to put on events. There have among their ranks numerous fantastic and enthusiastic astronomers who can bring along telescopes, a mobile planetarium and give talks suitable for all ages.
We would love you to tell us how you got on and share your stories with us. | <urn:uuid:8631e30e-87a6-433d-917d-b4c8006de678> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.chasingstars.org.uk/get-involved/organise-a-star-party.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949901 | 1,142 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Over the weekend of November 21-23, 2014, the Hybrid Pedagogy editorial board gathered in Washington D.C. for an intensive working retreat. During that time, we collaborated on the following article — 8 authors with Sean Michael Morris and Jesse Stommel as reviewers working together in a single document over three hours to brainstorm, draft, and revise the piece. What we offer here is both an experiment in peer review and also a treatise on peer review.
Love as Pedagogy
Love is patient and kind; love does not envy or boast; it is not arrogant or rude. It does not insist on its own way; it is not irritable or resentful; it does not rejoice at wrongdoing, but rejoices with the truth. Love bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things.
~ I Corinthians 13:4-7, ESV
Love, patience, kindness, humility, truth — we don’t often talk about these things in the academy. Even those of us who eschew discussion of “efficiency” and “effectiveness” in favor of “empowerment” often stop short of genuine affection. But education, at its core, is an act of love — it seeks to empower as its very nature. And this care fuels our desire to help each other become full agents in our own right.
When we truly love, we humanize rather than normalize. Much of what the academy does — both in teaching and in scholarship — is about norms. Even our new wine ends up in old skins, as the norms of academic discourse dominate the dissemination of our work in journals, monographs, textbooks. But love does not “insist on its own way.” In Teaching to Transgress, bell hooks advocates for “an openness of mind and heart that allows us to face reality even as we collectively imagine ways to move beyond boundaries, to transgress. This is education as the practice of freedom” (207). Empowering another human to be a mindful agent in their own learning requires a great deal of patience, kindness, and determination. These things only coexist with conscientious effort. This is the work that we all do as we exist simultaneously as authors, editors, and students.
As editors of Hybrid Pedagogy, ourselves also educators, we strive for love-as-peer-review. We seek, as Sean Michael Morris says, to “give any author a voice” (“Collaborative Peer Review: Gathering the Academy’s Orphans”), bringing our voices to them in a meaningful and accessible way through a specific style of peer review. In this, we spread a little love around so that we leave the world in better shape than we found it.
A common myth in our culture is that knowledge comes from distance — from fact and not from feeling. Thus, in search of knowledge, as if in search of the atomic properties of iron, editors are so often scripted to discover truth by objectively dismantling and critiquing a piece of work. But that is not the full story. The search for knowledge must include feeling.
The guiding principle of our editorial process is not a relationship between an editor and a document, but a relationship between editor and author. This type of relationship is only possible in a space of love, from which we strive to understand others, what they are trying to say, and support them in their search.
A space of love is a space of learning.
In part, this is because when we have love as a foundation we are able to be vulnerable with one another, revealing our selves, our stories — our vulnerabilities make us both idiosyncratic and collectively human. Thus, when we share our vulnerabilities, we offer a new story to the world, one that has the potential to resonate with many.
bell hooks describes teaching-and-learning as a process that produces some degree of pain. This is true about writing-and-editing, too. These processes are much the same: editing is teaching, and writing is learning. And, while it is the vulnerability that makes us susceptible to that pain, it is also the force that inspires our humanity. Writing should be painful, and editors must respond to that pain with love.
We understand that a submission to Hybrid Pedagogy is an invitation into a private space — where ideas form words and inhabit that place with the author. This practice allows people — both authors and reviewers — to surprise themselves, again and again. While we often do not know exactly where an idea may go, there is a way in which our process designs for epiphany. The author may end up somewhere new, and the article may arrive somewhere unexpected. Ideas are emergent.
Editing from a place of love is grounded in relationships. Somewhere along the way in education, we forgot that peer review is a conversation. Opening the peer-review process reminds us of those human connections.
Charting the Traditional
In her presentation about open peer review at the 2014 OpenEd conference, Eva Amsen challenged her audience by asking: “Why are people so mean?” She argues that allowing the public to see the review process, and allowing readers to know their reviewers, demands that the reviewers be nicer and more human, a stark contrast from traditional academic peer review. Amsen noted that graduate students are introduced to the process of peer review by observing the way academics treat one another. It is an informal process defined at least partly by fear, where students “learn to be vicious” from receiving vicious blind reviews. Because the author and reviewers don’t know each other, they don’t respond to one another’s needs; instead, they work based on individual conceptions of what they believe the reader needs. The silence of the traditional review process reduces a “review” to a set of orders to be followed, an indifference to the author as a person and a resistance to the relationship between author and editor. Amsen’s presentation called for an intervention.
Traditional review processes (such as those used by Taylor & Francis or Elsevier) generally involve comments from reviewers, a single revision from the author, followed by publication. The exchange is brief, limited in duration, and transactional. These reviews involve a sender and a receiver rather than a conversation, eliminating the ability of writing to be responsive. As Björk and Solomon explain, the time an article spends in traditional peer review has grown substantially over the past generation, often taking more than two years between the time of submission and the time of publication. We believe a lack of communication is what leads to the long waits for publication. At Hybrid Pedagogy, enabling conversations keeps the article in the present and on the forefront for all parties. It also allows for exploration of topics, opportunities to follow potential arguments and theories in the hope of furthering arguments. It’s a great benefit to scholarship, more so than a desire to be, as Kenneth Burke says, “rotten with perfection.” The turnaround on articles is dependent on the relationship between author and editors: we have seen turnaround in months, weeks, days, and even in as short as seven hours. Traditionally, articles go from submission to publication in under a month, and articles that extend beyond that do so responsive to the authors’ needs and not the editors’.
We adhere to the warning from Wilhelm Stekel, and popularized by Elie Wiesel, that “the opposite of love is not hate, but indifference.” In this, we equate “indifference” with “objectivity,” so highly valued in the traditional peer review process. Objectivity casts a glaze of inauthenticity on the work, rendering it a static text of content rather than an active text of conversation. This is not objectivity; it is the de-humanizing, the killing, of writing. We must ensure that the author not only remains in a text but is nurtured. The conversations between author and editors at Hybrid Pedagogy do not exchange “rigor” for community; they augment the practices of academia with advocates. Such personal connections can be created within the traditional peer-review structures by pulling back the curtain, by removing peer review’s blinders. Erin McKiernan, who presented along with Eva Amsen, encourages academics to sign their names to their reviews and to explicitly give editors permission to share their identities with the authors. “The voice in your head becomes nicer.”
Traditional peer review is often more about the review than the peer. But an empowering, loving peer review is more about the peer than the review. That’s what we advocate for in Hybrid Pedagogy: a collaborative peer review process in which authors and editors work together to create a supportive structure that fosters a relationship between the author and the journal. It’s a rejection of the flow charts and -isms of much publication and a celebration of relationships and situated environments. It is not a process that can be diagrammed, and it is neither Humean nor Humanist; it is a belief in people. The one-way communication of sending an author a self-proclaimed objective review is replaced with a two-way communication focused on working together in an organic process.
Love, Learning, and Transformation
A loving approach to peer review transforms the work, the authors, the reviewers, the process — and this transformation bleeds into every aspect of our personal and professional lives. Putting love into practice is our way of approaching everything we do, a way of integrating rather than compartmentalizing our academic selves.
“Thich Nhat Hanh says that love and understanding are the same thing. … If this is true, then how do we as teachers read and respond lovingly to all of our students’ writing, even those we are confused by or do not understand? Is it our job to understand our students’ writing, or is it simply to assess its worth or quality? Obviously, I think the first. The question is how do we do it?”
~ Asao B. Inoue
If academic writing is a cathedral, then peer review is the flying buttress. The shape of the process determines the shape of what we build. When we are inside the cathedral, we cannot perceive the whole buttress. Part of it is outside, but it is nonetheless still there. The peer review — and the reviewers — is both apparent and hidden. Whether we notice it, and how much, depends on our orientation (temporal, physical, psychical, intellectual, political…) to the finished structure and how carefully we’re observing. As Pete Roarbaugh, Sean Michael Morris, and Jesse Stommel write elsewhere in this collection, rigor is important to Hybrid Pedagogy’s peer review process. The infrastructure that provides that rigor is, however, one structured by understanding, a desire to build relationships and amplify messages, rather than a relentless and futile pursuit of best practices, objective assessment, or perfection.
“[F]or me all writing is a gift. The person who shares their writing … is giving you a gift. Now, just like with any gift, it isn’t always thoughtful, or to your taste, or beautiful, or — let’s admit it — liked. BUT, just like with any gift, you should be appreciative, tactful, and compassionate. You may have to return it, you may have to tell the giver why you didn’t like it — but you never have to hurt them needlessly or make them think you didn’t recognize and appreciate their effort.”
~ Dometa Brothers
Publishing is a pedagogical activity: for the author, the reviewer, the reader, the (re)user. Like all pedagogy, it sits in the present tense. And yet, it also holds to an emergent vision for the future. At Hybrid Pedagogy, we believe all forms of peer review are synonymous, and thus, “peer review” is a symbolic thread that can join a unified whole from the bits and pieces of our professional identities. Students review each other. Sometimes they review the work we’ve reviewed for them, and the texts we work with in our classrooms have been through many peer reviews. When love, understanding, and relationships enter the equation, the concept of peer is transformed. It becomes about who’s peering, how they’re peering, when they peer, and what they’re peering at, more than about a reified concept of “peer” that excludes those traditionally left out of the conversations. We should expand the signifying power of “peer review” in the academic publishing context to include how we use these words as teachers, mentors, students, children, friends, parents, and lovers.
Just as in pedagogical spaces, where we learn through peering review and peer reviewing — peer review is an opportunity to learn and teach simultaneously. In this way we transform scholarship into pedagogy and pedagogy into a form of love. | <urn:uuid:1e3bae0e-856c-4e48-9348-31da1c94409f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cdpcollection.pressbooks.com/chapter/love-in-the-time-of-peer-review/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950698 | 2,716 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Preparation of the West Lothian Local Development Plan 2018 (LDP 1)
LDP 1 has been prepared under the terms of The Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 as amended by the Planning etc (Scotland) Act 2006 and secondary legislation and policy guidance. Work on the plan commenced in 2011 and all of the landmark stages in the preparation process leading up to its adoption in September 2018 can be viewed here.
A 'Call for Sites/Expressions of Interest' exercise presented land owners, prospective developers and others with their first opportunity to identify potential sites for development and made an important contribution to informing the Main Issues Report.
The Main Issues Report (MIR) was the first formal stage in producing the West Lothian Local Development Plan with the primary function of focusing discussion and stimulating debate.
The West Lothian Local Development Proposed Plan was the culmination of the exercise to produce a development strategy and land use framework for West Lothian.
The West Lothian Local Development Proposed Plan was submitted for examination to Scottish Ministers on 28 October 2016.
Following the examination of the West Lothian Local Development Proposed Plan a number of modifications were identified by the Reporters.
The council considered the Reporters recommendations arising from the examination process.
Adoption of the local development plan required the endorsement of Scottish Ministers.
The LDP was the subject of a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) under the Environmental Assessment (Scotland) Act 2005. | <urn:uuid:a6d76a54-b6ad-4c00-a5ee-4d4faf2ba340> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://westlothian.gov.uk/article/44176/Preparation-of-the-West-Lothian-Local-Development-Plan-2018-LDP-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.943671 | 300 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Dental decay, if left untreated, can progress deep inside the tooth and end up destroying the pulp tissue. While conventional method of dealing with an infected tooth is by tooth extraction, a root canal is a more sustainable means because it does not involve removing the remediable tooth.
The root canals of the teeth are comprised of nerves as well as blood vessels. When a decay reaches the pulp tissues of the teeth, they get inflamed and eventually die. Once the pulp tissues decay, it is replaced with pus and other infected materials causing immense pain and swelling. In severe cases, the infection can also damage the surrounding bone
structures causing tooth abscess.
How Is the Root Canal Procedure Done?
Also called endodontic treatment, the root canal treatment cleans and sanitizes the root canal by removing the infected tissues. First, the dentist needs to access the pulp tissues by drilling on the upper layer of the teeth. Next, the interior of the tooth is cleaned. This procedure may take multiple visits to complete depending on the tooth that is infected. Once the infected tissues are removed and the interior of the tooth is cleaned, fillings are placed by the dentist before it is sealed with a crown.
What to Do After the Treatment?
Aftercare, after undergoing the procedure, is very easy. Make sure that you refrain from consuming hard foods until the treatment is done. Eating hard food like candies can cause the crown to chip and expose the temporary filling. It is also crucial to maintain good oral hygiene by regularly brushing and flossing your teeth.
The root canal procedure may take multiple sessions to complete but it saves you the trouble of having your infected teeth removed. This is a great option for people who dislike the idea of wearing dentures. And with proper dental hygiene, your root canal treatment will last you a lifetime. | <urn:uuid:6aa50fdc-0450-4d44-a16e-4ec2f8dcd8f4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kearneydentalclinic.com/root-canals | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.944692 | 378 | 3.21875 | 3 |
During the global coronavirus crisis, a lot of efforts seemingly go by unnoticed. Bay Area residents want to take notice of G-Eazy’s effort to provide free meals to children over the next month.
The coronavirus affects everyone on this planet in one way or another.
Feeding At-risk Youths in Coronavirus Times
Some regions are hit harder compared to others, putting more emphasis on the need to come together.
At-risk youths are now on the verge of running out of food, in certain parts of the US.
The Bay Area is one of those regions, although G-Eazy has come up with a solution.
Together with Larkin Street Youth Services, he has helped fund a food truck called Mi Morena.
The goal is now to provide free meals to at-risk youths in San Francisco for the next few weeks.
All expenses will be covered by G-Eazy’s Endless Summer Fund charity.
So far, thousands of meals have already been handed out, with many more to follow.
It is evident that communities need to band together during these coronavirus times.
In the Bay Area, several initiatives are underway to ensure people have maple access to food if needed.
All over the world, similar efforts will need to be launched until this global pandemic has finally been defeated. | <urn:uuid:ca318060-10b5-401a-b85e-e79b2990e0c5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nulltx.com/bay-area-coronavirus-update-at-risk-youths-received-thousands-of-free-meals/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.961309 | 282 | 1.976563 | 2 |
2018 College Changes Everything Conference®
July 19, 2018
8am - 4:30pm
Tinley Park Convention Center
Tinley Park, Illinois
CCE 2018: Supporting Students’ Futures through College and Career Readiness Partnerships
At all levels of the education system and across all workforce sectors, what we call “student success” is truly a shared responsibility.
- High schools, colleges, universities, and other student-serving organizations continue to rethink and retool how they engage with students of all ages and how they partner with employers to realize a shared goal: providing students with the knowledge and opportunities to be successful along the transitions from education to employment.
- More and more employers understand the importance of including education as part of a business strategy to help equip students with skills for career success and strengthen the overall talent pipeline.
- National, state, and regional initiatives and strategies are strengthening education-employment relationships to provide students with the information, resources, and experiences to achieve their education, career, and life goals.
Morning Keynote Speaker
We're pleased to announce our conference keynote speaker, Dr. Mandy Savitz-Romer, senior lecturer in education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education (HGSE). Dr. Savitz-Romer is also the director of HGSE’s master’s program in Prevention Science and Practice and Certificate of Advanced Study in Counseling programs, which train future school counselors, school social workers and youth development staff. Her work examines how school and non-profit organizations structure postsecondary supports that address developmental skills and readiness. She writes and speaks extensively on college and career readiness and school-based counseling, specifically as it relates to students of color and first-generation college students. She is the co-author of “Ready, Willing, and Able: A Developmental Approach to College Access and Success” and “Technology and Engagement: Making Technology Work for First-Generation College Students.”
Agenda and Conference Session Presentations
Conference agenda information and presentations from interest sessions are found below. Breakout sessions were presented by state and national leaders and provided purposeful information that engaged the attendees in the critical issues we face, such as: student support services, retention, remediation, college readiness, career development, out of school programs, students with disabilities, nontraditional students, and more.
Check website later as additional interest session presentations and materials are continuing to be added.
- Redefining College Ready
- Silo Busting for Student Success: An update on cross-agency, state-wide initiatives helping students meet their postsecondary and career goals
Interest Session Presentations and Materials
- Session 1A: District Case Study: Implementation of a Statewide College and Career Framework
- Session 1B: Redefining Student and Academic Success: Coaching Models at National Louis University and College of Lake County
- Session 1C: Understanding Life-Long Learning Transitions to Careers: A Longitudinal Perspective on Career Outcomes for High School Seniors
- Session 1E: Transitional Math: Reducing Remediation While Increasing College Readiness
- Session 1F: Helping to Make Good Mentoring Programs Even Better: Using the Elements of Effective Practice for Mentoring Programs
- Session 1G: Consumer Guide to Higher Education and Student Loans
- Session 1H: Ensuring College Graduation Success
- Session 1I: Bridging the College Transition and Career Readiness Gap between Secondary and Post-Secondary Education for Students with Disabilities
- Session 1J: Civic Leadership Skills as Workforce Skills – How Service and Experiential Learning Can Lead to Workforce Development
- Session 2A: College Ready for Real: Bridging the Gap between High School Completion and College Success (2 files)
- Session 2B: Taste of College: A Community Partnership
- Session 2C: What Does Professionalism Look Like: Bringing Inclusion to an Exclusive Concept
- Session 2D: Advising 201: Working with Returning Non-traditional Students
- Session 2E: Get Ready! College and Career Ready
- Session 2F: Progressive Pathways to Post-Secondary Success
- Session 2H: Certificate of Employability – A Program to Enhance Soft Skills Among Freshmen
- Session 2J: The Persistence Gap: How might colleges’ values and biases impact student success and what can we do about it?
- Session 3A: The Knack to Student Success
- Session 3B: A Grow Your Own Engineering Partnership: NIU@RVC
- Session 3C: Building Effective Partnerships to Improve College and Career Outcomes
- Session 3D: It Takes a Village to Retain a Student
- Session 3E: High School Healthcare Internships and So Can You: A Case Study
- Session 3F: Understanding & Diversifying the Teaching Profession: Golden Apple Scholars of Illinois
- Session 3G: Statewide Implementation of the State Seal of Biliteracy
- Session 3H: Financial Literacy as a Strategic Tool for College Choice, Readiness and Persistence
- Session 3I: Governor State University & Crete Monee High School Partnering Up for Student Success
- Session 3J: College and Career Programs Supporting Youth from Foster Care
- Session 4A: Redefining Engagement: Connections that Cultivate Persistence and Maximize the Campus Experience
- Session 4B: Unequal Opportunity in Illinois: A Look at College Graduation
- Session 4C: A Strengths-based Approach to Career Development
- Session 4F: TransferREADY
- Session 4G: When Money Is Just Part of the Problem: Hidden Barriers to Financial Aid
- Session 4H: Connecting Illinois Youth to Services Before, During and After College: the Service Provider Identification and Exploration Resource (SPIDER)
One of the key strengths of this conference is that it brings together a diverse audience of stakeholders from across the state for a day of dialogue and sharing information, ideas, and best practices that promote access to postsecondary education, ensure degree or credential attainment, and provide career pathways. Attendees typically include, but are not limited to:
- high school leaders, counselors, and case managers
- college access practitioners
- college and university leaders and administrators
- leaders from state agencies, non-profits, foundations, and community-based organizations focused on educational opportunity and attainment and career pathways
- business leaders
- policymakers and elected officials interested in higher education and workforce development
The conference also serves as an opportunity for participants to renew existing relationships and develop new ones while improving collective leadership as we work toward Goal 2025.
Questions about the conference can be directed to email@example.com.
Tinley Park Convention Center
The Tinley Park Convention Center is located just 30 miles from downtown Chicago at 18451 Convention Center Drive, Tinley Park, IL 60477.
2018 College Changes Everything® Planning Committee
- Illinois Student Assistance Commission
- Illinois Board of Higher Education
- Illinois Community College Board
- Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity
- Illinois State Board of Education
- Illinois College Access Network
- Federation of Independent Illinois Colleges and Universities
- Advance Illinois
- Center for the Study of Education Policy at Illinois State University
- Council for Adult and Experiential Learning
- Education Systems Center at Northern Illinois University
- Generations Serving Generations
- ACT Now
- Women Employed | <urn:uuid:08bbdabe-26ae-493e-831f-fa4c1fb6dc75> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.collegechangeseverything.org/events/2018-cce-conference-information.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.898464 | 1,547 | 2.140625 | 2 |
This goes for anyone learning anything: ballerinas train to perform on stage, BJJ practitioners train to win ribbons, karate is learnt to break planks of wood, and soccer players train to play and win on the football pitch.
True self-defence training is completely different to any other type of training. Unlike everyone else who practices an art, a martial art or a sport, we learn how to defend ourselves but we all hope we’ll never have to actually use our skills. We practice what we’ll need only on the worst day of our lives.
Yet no matter how hard we train, how often we practice, it’s impossible to truly simulate the stress of a situation that is, in its very nature, dangerous and unpredictable. We can’t know where it will happen, when, how we’ll be feeling on that day, or how our attacker will react.
There are four major reasons that even the most committed practitioner of self-defence can fail to defend themselves when it matters.
The good news is that if your self-defence school is aware of these pitfalls they can incorporate them into your training regime to prepare you for the unpredictable.
Here’s what you should be looking out for.
1. THE ATTACKS YOU DEFEND WHEN TRAINING ARE NOT REALISTIC
YouTube is literally crawling with self-defence videos. The video below has 2.5 million likes and only a handful of people can tell what’s wrong with it. Sure, it looks good. But it’s not good self-defence. What’s the issue?
The attacker is the same size as the defender. The technique will fail if you are at a size disadvantage. A good self-defence technique needs to account for this and should work on someone taller, heavier, or stronger. If you think about it, no one attacks someone twice their size. An attacker will attack to win, not because they think they’ll get their backsides handed to them.
Other videos show unrealistic attacks, like the one below.
Notice that when the attacker punches, the punch is left out hanging like clean laundry on a line. Unless the person punching you trains in Wing Chun (oh, oops, this one does..) no one punches and leaves their arm out like that.
Often also, the attacker is a very polite and compliant individual who is happy to hang out while the defender simulates punches and kicks and does nothing to protect themselves and certainly doesn’t attack again.
Realistically, if someone tried to attack you once, they’re going to keep going until you render them either unable or unwilling to try again, and not a second before.
I couldn’t even believe what I was watching when I found this.
The reasons why a bad attack breeds false confidence and is more harmful than helpful doesn’t need explaining.
Ironically, in most self-defence schools, compliance is often seen as “being a good partner” but the very opposite is true.
Your attacks are the training ground for your partner and if you are compliant all the time, your partner gets bad training and doesn’t get the opportunity to correct mistakes they may be making in their defence technique.
This neatly leads into the next point.
2. YOU ARE NOT TAUGHT TO ATTACK PROPERLY
Realistic training is hard and its messy. Being a good attacker is difficult and takes as much practice as good self-defence techniques.
People who attack, who assault, who want to hurt others are very rarely trained in anything at all but pure aggression. This is not a natural state for anyone at SGS Krav Maga, and very likely your self-defence gym, too.
So, at SGS, we focus and are trained on how to be good attackers for our partners. This means we recoil our attacks, we train with power (when we stress-test techniques) and we attempt the attack again and again, in a variety of ways and appropriately to the counters that our partner throws down-range.
It is incredibly important to give your partner a good attacking silhouette. This means reacting to their counter-attack in a realistic way.
If your partner knees you in the groin, you bend over. Unless your groin is made of steel, this doubled-over position will change the strikes that follow and your partner will need to adjust accordingly.
If your partner punches you in the face, step back. Your partner’s footwork will need to adapt to follow you without tripping over or losing the control they may have of your hand holding the knife or gun, and so on.
Because being a good attacker takes practice, your instructors should be giving you pointers on how to attack properly, with intent to harm. Even if your attacks are slow in the beginning. You can add speed, power, and aggression as you and your partner gain confidence.
But there’s never a good excuse for a poor, unrealistic, compliant attack in a training scenario.
Your instructors should be well-versed in what attacks on the street look like. These should be studied and passed on to you as a student.
Steve, our Head Instructor at SGS, has valiantly reviewed hundreds of CCTV recordings of real-life stabbings and has made us a few reels to review in class.
They are hard to watch and often end tragically, but they help us understand not only how attacks happen, but learn from the mistakes made by others.
And as attacks on the street change, like the hybrid straight stab with a circular recoil seen recently in the Brisbane train station stabbing, we start to train defences against these too.
Any good self-defence school should be adapting as the world changes.
A good attacking silhouette is as important as a good defensive technique if you want your skills to work in the street. Good training means good silhouettes means a well-prepared defender.
3. YOU ONLY TRAIN IN A WELL-LIT, KITTED-OUT GYM
Wouldn’t it be nice if the place we needed to defend ourselves was well-lit and the ground was soft like the mats in the self-defence and martial arts gyms you train in? Will it really happen? Unfortunately, no.
Low-light training changes the game entirely. You lose all depth perception. You can’t use your vision to help you. You cannot tell what kind of weapon the attacker is holding, or often, whether or not they are armed at all.
If you’re used to training in a well-lit environment, adjusting to a low-light situation is very difficult and will mean you make mistakes, some of which may be fatal.
Low-light training fixes this by helping you prepare for a realistic situation: darkness is the attacker’s friend, but it’s also yours. How do you use low-light to your advantage? It’s a skill that you can learn.
Just make sure your instructors give you that opportunity by turning off the gym lights every once in a while. In fact, low-light training is so important that we wrote an entire blog post about it.
In the same vein, tackles on mats are great. No one gets hurt and they’re important for safety in training. We need to learn to walk before we run. But in reality, you may be defending on concrete, uneven ground, slippery surfaces, a narrow space, or in a place full of obstacles (like a restaurant, a train carriage etc). This also takes practice.
You need to learn to defend on mats as though you’re always on concrete. That is, train to protect your joints and your head as you fall, as you tackle, as you defend on the ground.
Make sure your instructors take you to train in places that you are unfamiliar with like parks, parking lots and other open (and constrained) spaces. At SGS, this is part of regular classes and a crowd favourite.
If you learn to execute defences and adjust your techniques to a variety of locations, which is just a matter of practice, you’ll be much better prepared to defend in any environment.
4. YOU ONLY EVER TRAIN IN ACTIVEWEAR
Activewear is great. It’s super-flexible and extremely comfortable to move and sweat in. But it’s unlikely you live in your training gear.
A high round-house kick to the head works a treat in yoga pants. In skinny jeans or a pencil skirt? Not so much. Mistakes in footwork can be corrected in sneakers, but are much more dangerous in heels. Every KMG instructor who is qualified to teach the women’s classes, has trained in heels. Yes, the men too.
Make sure that every once in a while, you train in regular clothing, whatever it is you usually wear. You may notice that some of your favourite techniques are suddenly more difficult to execute. This is fine, so long as you are aware and can adjust when you need to.
But more than comfort, putting on training gear is putting on a mindset. That’s why soldiers and police wear uniforms and it’s why dress codes exist in offices.
Putting on your krav uniform is putting on a training mindset. If you don’t practice in anything other than your uniform, it’s going to be very difficult to change your mindset when your clothing is different. Again, that shouldn’t be a huge barrier, and may not be, but it is something to account for.
In any self-defence scenario, you should aim to have every possible advantage. The ability to switch on the defensive or aggressive mindset is one of these. The more you practice, the easier it will be to do when you need it most.
Self-defence training MaY fail you in a variety of ways in real life. An awareness of why this may happen goes a long way to making sure it doesn’t.
Variety of location, clothing, lighting and so on is time-consuming and often difficult for instructors to offer. Also, if you are just starting out learning a technique, this is best done in a controlled, safe, well-lit environment.
But as you progress in your skills and training, make sure your self-defence instructors are serving you. Make sure they are preparing you adequately for the time we hope will never come.
Real-life attacks are messy, dangerous, confusing, unpredictable, and impossible to simulate perfectly. Your training should be varied and your techniques should be stress-tested whenever you are comfortable and ready.
As our instructors always say: it’s not just practice that makes perfect, it’s perfect practice that makes perfect. Or as close as you can get. | <urn:uuid:73a90e07-4956-4d1c-b6f7-48387ace50a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sgskravmaga.com.au/reasons-your-self-defence-training-may-fail/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.957492 | 2,268 | 2.125 | 2 |
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Mitsubishi Goes Metal
Mitsubishi Enters the Metal 3D Printing Market with New Additive Manufacturing System
Published Oct 25, 2018
The Japanese electronics manufacturer Mitsubishi Electric Corporation has announced the development of a new metal additive manufacturing process. Dubbed as "dot forming technology," the technique combines laser, CNC, and CAM technologies to produce near-net metal parts. | <urn:uuid:0d885ae8-78d9-45b6-b400-ab4ae196361e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://m.all3dp.com/4/mitsubishi-enters-metal-3d-printing-market-system/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.901344 | 128 | 2.140625 | 2 |
My Kepler Bb humanoids have their arteries and veins doubled up(quadrupled if you are looking at the coronary arteries and veins). This makes sense because they have 2 hearts and both of those are 4 chambered hearts just like ours. If the arteries and veins weren't doubled up that would basically mean 1 8 chambered heart instead of 2 4 chambered hearts.
So since the 2 hearts are in sync with each other from embryonic development until a health problem affects 1 heart and the other heart compensates in response to it, it makes sense, to me at least that blood pressure would be increased even if left ventricular pressure stayed the same.
Assuming that the pressure-volume loop of the left ventricle and in fact all 4 chambers of the heart stayed as is, for the first few inches of aorta and the last few inches of venae cavae, the blood pressure would be the same. But most arteries and veins would not have the heart and their own muscular walls as the only sources of blood pressure.
You also have the fact that the arteries and veins are spaced so closely that they would push against each other as the hearts pump in or out of sync.
So the blood pressure in 1 artery would affect the blood pressure in the other artery. But lowering the blood pressure is just not feasible because the closer arterial pressure is to venous pressure, the less blood that flows and since less blood flow = less oxygen transport which is the exact opposite of why I doubled up most of the blood vessels in the first place(and quadrupled in the case of coronary arteries and veins), hypotension is just a no, regardless of how much it would lower pressure from arteries being next to each other.
So this leaves me with only 1 option I know of if I want to keep this double circulatory system. That is to raise the blood pressure in the arteries(so maybe what would be stage 1 hypertension for us would be normal blood pressure for my humanoids). This will increase blood flow because now there is more of a gradient between the arteries and veins. Bigger pressure gradient = more blood flow = more oxygen transport.
Since my humanoids naturally have a slower heart rate due to 2 hearts being in sync, this works well(at least I think it does). What is bradycardia for us is normal for them.
But would raising arterial blood pressure to increase blood flow despite the fact that now there is more force from each artery pushing on the artery next to it work to significantly increase oxygen transport(which is why I doubled things up(quadrupled for coronary))? | <urn:uuid:af6f513f-d7f1-4136-a4a8-6d145b50b695> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/79517/increased-blood-pressure-reasonable/79715 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.955871 | 535 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Once the decision was made to ground the Boeing 737 Max 8 airplane last week, somehow it made sense. Until then, mysteriously, we were somehow still awaiting more information as country after country suspended their use. Indeed, the United States was the last to declare emergency grounding.
Did our FAA have some special knowledge here that other international agencies do not? Or was this lack of action the result of protectionist action for American business or political power? Was it the FAA or the president who delayed? And how, after all, is this looking out for the best safety interests of Americans?
There have been hints, but no specific reporting I’ve seen on the question. So, I was attracted by the New York Times Op-Ed column by James E. Hall, former chairman of the National Transportation Safety Board, which looks into such accidents as we have seen with this aircraft, who lays the blame at regulatory changes.
“The roots of this crisis can be found in a major change that the FAA instituted in its regulatory responsibility in 2005. Rather than naming and supervising its own ‘designated airworthiness representatives,’ the agency decided to allow Boeing and other manufacturers who qualified under the revised procedures to select their own employees to certify the safety of their aircraft. In justifying this change, the agency said at the time that it would save the aviation industry about $25 billion from 2006 to 2015. Therefore, the manufacturer is providing safety oversight of itself. This is a worrying move toward industry self-certification.”
Thus, the decisions about the safety of these new-model planes — crashes of which have killed all 189 and 157 aboard two recent international flights under similar circumstances — apparently are in the hands of Boeing itself.
And yes, Boeing’s CEO, Dennis Muilenburg, is a personal friend of Donald Trump, owner of the Trump Special from Boeing, an air flight enthusiast, and frequent promoter in international talks. Muilenburg apparently told Trump that there was no reason yet to ground the plane — so we didn’t.
Indeed, pilots who met with Boeing to complain about the plane’s software last fall say they were told that the manufacturer would upgrade computers by the end of 2018. Nothing happened, they said, including no additional training information.
Former NTSB chair Hall noted that President Trump’s executive order on Wednesday afternoon to ground all Boeing 737 Max 8s was necessary but that it should have come from the FAA rather than the White House.
As he outlined, before this policy was instituted, the FAA selected these airworthiness representatives, who may have worked for the manufacturer but were chosen and supervised by the agency. These experts were responsible for guiding the agency’s decisions about whether to ground an aircraft for safety concerns. Necessarily, grounding plans is rare.
This Trump administration has declared its love and belief in deregulation, an insistence that problems meant to be addressed by the red tape of bureaucracy just would not exist if we did not make business spend time defending themselves. The more we learn about these Boeing Max plane accidents, the more that notion seems adrift.
Most accidents today do not result from systematic aircraft flaws that would justify grounding an entire fleet. Hall recommended grounding an airliner model only once in my seven years as chairman of the National Transportation Safety Board, following a commuter airliner crash in Indiana.
Since this new “regulatory” scheme took effect, Hall recounted, the aviation industry has introduced two new aircraft types, both of which have encountered serious problems. In 2013, Boeing’s 787 Dreamliner was grounded because of fires caused by lithium batteries. In that case, the agency quickly recertified the safety of the aircraft, even before the exact cause of the Dreamliner problems had been determined. And now, we have the troubled flight management systems of the 737 Max 8, which made its first commercial flight in May 2017. In this case, there have been two catastrophic accidents within five months of each other, involving a relatively new model of aircraft. Boeing itself acknowledges that it is developing a revision to its flight management system.
In the end, Hall argues, grounding this aircraft was the right thing to do. It will allow regulators and Boeing’s engineers to determine what exactly caused this crash. But he warns, the problems of the 737’s latest model, the Max 8, show that those responsible for ensuring the safety of our skies have strayed from this successful path, and lives have been unnecessarily placed at risk. The FAA’s oversight of aircraft safety needs to be examined by Congress, which should act to make sure the agency names independent experts to determine the airworthiness of an aircraft.
The president is quick to say he is acting first on behalf of the safety of the American people. I guess that is, unless it interferes with American business. | <urn:uuid:5682d80e-97ca-49c6-ae2b-e39cd7a520f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.salon.com/2019/03/20/how-deregulation-made-flying-more-dangerous_partner/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970065 | 990 | 1.9375 | 2 |
DeKalb County Commissioner Larry Johnson is calling for volunteers to help DeKalb County reach a 100 percent response rate on the 2020 Census.
During National Night Out on Tuesday, Aug. 6, the DeKalb County Complete Count Committee will share information on how residents can sign up to volunteer and ensure that hard-to-reach populations in DeKalb are counted.
Johnson said at today’s Board of Commissioners meeting that a caravan of volunteers will travel throughout DeKalb during National Night Out to notify the public the census count officially launches on April 1, 2020.
“We have 200 volunteers who have signed up and we need more. Part of our job will be to let the public know that April 1 is the official date that the census starts–it’s not an April Fool’s joke,” said Johnson. “We need every person in the county to be counted.”
DeKalb could receive $985 million per year for 10 years, if it reaches a 100 percent response rate on the 2020 Census.
Johnson was unanimously chosen by the Board of Commissioners to chair the DeKalb County Complete Count Committee. The goal of the committee is to ensure accurate Census data is collected, which in turn will provide information critical for government programs, policies and decision making.
For more information on how to get involved and volunteer, email email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:ad5dda08-1304-4437-9193-9463cba4a6cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dev.ocgnews.com/dekalb-launch-census-volunteer-recruitment-effort-aug-6/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.935646 | 295 | 1.585938 | 2 |
The favorite fruit regularly eaten by the inhabitants of the Nicoya Peninsula in Costa Rica, one of the so-called blue zones (places where super centenarians live), has been named. It turned out to be papaya, according to Eat This, Not That! (ETNT).
Papaya grows in abundance in this area, and the locals eat this fruit daily. Papaya contains vitamins A, C and E, which help fight inflammation that weakens the body. Papaya also contains the plant enzyme papain, which improves digestion.
The fruit is rich in beta-carotene, a healthy antioxidant. According to a study published in the scientific journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, men who regularly eat foods high in beta-carotene are less likely to develop prostate cancer.
Papaya is also rich in fiber, potassium, vitamin K and choline. These nutrients and vitamins help manage diabetes, reduce the risk of bowel cancer and cardiovascular disease.
In addition to papaya, the people of Nicoya eat a lot of black beans, corn, rice, vegetables and fruits. One of the pillars of a healthy lifestyle common to all Blue Zones has been the daily consumption of fruits and vegetables, which local communities often grow and harvest themselves. Eating non-imported and unprocessed vegetables and living in nature also make a significant contribution to extending life. | <urn:uuid:23986d79-3235-44e3-baa4-89d516c3760e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://dietadom91.com/index.php/news-2/named-the-favorite-fruit-of-super-centenarians-in-one-of-the-blue-zones | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.947512 | 286 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Prince Akihito and Princess Michiko of Japan arrive to India for the visit.
New Delhi, India.
Title reads 'India Visit by Japan's Royal Couple'.
LS. Prime Minister of India Pandit Nehru and other dignitaries walking along tarmac. MS. Plane arrives. MS. Japanese children walk forward carrying flowers for the royal couple. Prince Akihito and Princess Michiko of Japan descend aircraft steps and are greeted by Prime Minister Nehru. MS. Indian cameramen. MS. Garland of flowers is placed around Prince Akihito's neck and Princess Michiko is presented with bunch of flowers. LS. & MS. The royal couple with Prime Minister Nehru posing for photographers. LS. Children present flowers to the royal couple.
Date found in the old record - 01/12/1960. | <urn:uuid:1e902031-34df-41a2-b061-377427c2a980> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.britishpathe.com/video/india-visited-by-prince-akihito-and-wife-of-japan | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.878661 | 190 | 1.6875 | 2 |
- s. xvin
According to medieval (from a modern perspective entirely fictional) Irish tradition, Tuathal Techtmar is a pre-Christian king of Ireland, grandfather of Conn Cétchathach and thus ancestor of Leth Cuinn.
Two major traditions are associated with this legendary figure: his recon-quest of Ireland through a series of battles, and eventual restoration of the legitimate kingship, after a revolt of the provincial kings; and the imposition of the bórama tribute upon the Laigin, subsequently to be levied by Tuathal Techtmar's successors over a period of several generations.
The best-known sources for these traditions are the réim rígraide paragraph dealing with Tuathal Techtmar included in R.A.S. Macalister's edition of Lebor Gabála and the Bórama tale as preserved in the twelfth-century Book of Leinster (Dublin, Trinity College MS 1339).
This book adds to the available source material in providing a first edition, with translation and commentary, of the three anonymous Middle Irish poems Augaine ar n-athair uile, Teamair teach Tuathail trēin intech, and Cid toīseach dia·roibi bōroma Laigen.
The poems are solely preserved in the Book of Lecan (Dublin, Royal Irish Academy MS 23 P 2), a manuscript produced in the scriptorium of Clann Fhir Bhisigh in the early fifteenth century, there forming part of a version of the réim rígraide which is interwoven with a copy of the Bórama tale.Both Augaine ar n-athair uile and Teamair teach Tuathail present versions of the list of Tuathal Techtmar's battles. They are complemented by a diplomatic edition of two copies, found in the same manuscript, of the hitherto unedited Old Irish poem Fland for Ērind, which also contains a version of the battle list. Cid toīseach dia·roibi bōroma Laigen and the final part of Augaine ar n-athair uile deal with the bórama matter. The texts published here bear witness to the variance of medieval traditions, differing in detail, displaying peculiarities and treating of aspects not found in the better-known sources.
- s. xvi?
- s. xviii
- s. xvii
- s. xixex
- Muirgheas mac Pháidín Ó Maoil Chonaire
- s. xix | <urn:uuid:9b4e5a1a-e991-40fb-9864-c5a657cfebc7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://codecs.vanhamel.nl/index.php?title=Show:Manuscripts/Search&ms=Dublin,%20Royal%20Irish%20Academy,%20MS%2023%20P%202&search-phrase=Dublin,%20Royal%20Irish%20Academy,%20MS%2023%20P%202 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.86976 | 567 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Submadibular Abscess with Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: Unusual Clinical Presentation of Tuberculosis
Swati Tandon*,Purodha Prasad, Vikram Wadhwa and Ishwar Singh
Maulana Azad Medical College, India
Submission: February 20, 2017; Published: June 16, 2017
*Corresponding author: Swati Tandon, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India, Tel:9891778593; Email:email@example.com
How to cite this article: Swati T. Submadibular Abscess with Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: Unusual Clinical Presentation of Tuberculosis. Int J Pul & Res Sci. 2017; 1(5): 555576. DOI:10.19080/IJOPRS.2017.02.555576
Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in India. The rising incidence of multi drug resistant tuberculosis and unusual presentations of the disease is posing a great challenge for clinicians. We report an interesting case of 27 year old male who initially presented with submandibular abscess, subsequently developed velopharyngeal insufficiency during hospital stay and finally diagnosed as a case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases known to affect humans. There are two forms of tuberculosis: pulmonary and extrapulmonary. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis involves all sites other than lungs. Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is challenging as samples obtained from these sites may be paucibacillary, thus decreasing the sensitivity of diagnostic tests . We report a case of unusual presentation of disseminated extrapulmonary tuberculosis, where patient initially presented as an acute submandibular abscess, then developed palatal perforation and later had massive pleural effusion. Pleural fluid analysis ultimately leads to the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
A 27 year old male presented to ENT emergency of our hospital with diffuse swelling below the chin for 6 days. The swelling initially started as a furuncle which gradually progressed to involve the whole region below the chin. It was associated with pain and difficulty in eating. There was no breathing difficulty or fever. There was no history of trauma. There was no history of contact or past tuberculosis. On clinical examination, patient was thin built, cachexic and a febrile.
On local examination of neck, a diffuse 8x8cm swelling was seen in neck below the mandible extending from one angle of mandible to other. It was tender, skin overlying was erythematous and hyper pigmented, and temperature was raised. It was fluctuant and on aspiration pus was aspirated. A provisional diagnosis of acute submandibular abscess was made and incision and drainage was done with 10 ml drainage of pus. Floor of mouth was raised which subsided on drainage of abscess. Pus was sent for Gram staining, ZN staining (for TB) and culture sensitivity. Acid fast bacilli (AFB) were negative on ZN staining. On culture, pseudomonas was isolated and appropriate intravenous antibiotics were started according to sensitivity report. Hematological investigations including complete blood count, kidney function tests, liver function tests and urine routine microscopy was done, which were within normal limits. No immunodeficiency was detected. On second day, patient complained of nasal regurgitation and regurgitation of water through right ear. Voice of the patient also appeared hyper nasal. Nasal examination was unremarkable. On oropharyngeal examination, approx. 1cm ulcer with perforation was seen at the junction of the right anterior pillar and soft palate with pus on its margins. Patient denied any history of trauma or drug allergy. On examination of right ear, pus was seen filling the external auditory canal with non visualization of tympanic membrane. On cleaning the pus, slough was seen in antero-inferior wall of external auditory canal in the cartilaginous portion with pus coming through it. Tympanic membrane was found intact. Pus in the ear was thought to be due to spread of infection via the parotid space into the external auditory canal (EAC) via fissure of Santorini. Approx. 10-15ml pus drained from the submandibular incision site on second day. Patient was continued on i.v. antibiotics.
Nasogastric tube was inserted for feeding and biopsy
was taken from the ulcer margins which showed chronic
inflammation without any granulomas and was negative for acid
fast bacilli. On third day, patient started complaining of purulent
cough with mild respiratory difficulty. Chest physician opinion
was sought who ordered chest x ray, montoux, sputum for AFB
smear and started patient on tab. levofloxacin for 7days. On
chest X ray, normal lung parenchyma with blunting of bilateral
CP angles were seen indicating pleural effusion for which
ultrasound guided pleural tap was done which revealed 4cm
pleural thickness on right side and 5cm on left side. Montoux
was 10mm, sputum for AFB was negative and ESR was raised
Analysis of pleural fluid revealed raised lymphocytic count
raised LDH and ADA s/o tuberculosis. Thus, a diagnosis of
extrapulmonary tuberculosis was made and patient was started
on ATT. Initially, patient did not respond and respiratory distress
worsened. Repeat chest x ray revealed massive pleural effusion
for which chest drains were inserted bilaterally. 1000ml pus
was drained from right side and 450ml from left side. Gradually
patient started improving.
Chest drains were removed after 3 days. Submandibular
wound also started healing and healthy granulation tissue was
formed on 10th day. Anterior pillar perforation also healed by
10th day (Figure 1 & 2). Patient’s general condition improved
and was discharged after 2 weeks on ATT. On follow up of
8weeks, patient is doing well and neck wound has healed.
The major pitfalls in the diagnosis of EPTB are atypical
clinical presentations simulating other inflammatory conditions,
resulting in delay of treatment. Therefore, a high index of
suspicion is necessary to make an early diagnosis. In developing
countries, the lack of diagnostic resources adds to the problems.
In clinical practice, the cutaneous reaction to PPD commonly
known as montoux test is used as an aid to diagnose TB but its
value as a diagnostic tool is limited in adults in India, since about
40% of the adult population is infected with TB. In our case,
montoux was 10mm suggestive of TB.
Smear examination for AFB, culture and histopathological
examination remain as the classical diagnostic tests for TB.
Laboratory diagnosis of TB is a tedious process because
it depends on the growth of organisms. ZN staining for
demonstration of acid fast bacilli on smears is a rapid method
but it is less sensitive. In a study, ZN staining was compared
with fluorescent (auramine rhodamine-AR) staining for
demonstration of acid fast bacilli and it was observed that ZN
staining showed 23.4% AFB smear positivity; 32.7% in sputum
and 1.4% in extra-pulmonary specimens, whereas, Auramine
Rhodamine staining showed 31.87% AFB smear positivity,
41.6% in sputa and 9.9% in extrapulmonary cases. The staining
methods were also compared and evaluated against culture on
LJ medium, (taken as ‘gold standard’): AR was 86.6% sensitive
and ZN 67.3% sensitive .
Culture is the gold standard method but it’s major
disadvantage is it is time consuming and takes 3 to8 weeks.
The most recent advances have been development of molecular
tools for amplifying DNA and RNA in clinical samples. A new
nucleic acid amplification test called transcription mediated
amplification has been developed . These tests enable rapid
identification of bacilli in few hours and are highly sensitive
and specific. Also, since they involve amplification of bacilli
DNA and RNA, they are very useful in paucibacillary specimens.
Histopathological examination for mycobacterial lesions has
also been described as a diagnostic tool. It has been found that
microscopic examination of tissue sections frequently results
in few or no bacilli seen, even if the lesions appear active
histologically. This might be due to the effects of the fixative fluid
and/or organic solvent, both of which are conventionally used to
make tissue sections for histopathology, on the acid-fast staining
of bacteria . We also suspect the same in our case.
Measurement of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity is
one of the most widely used biomarkers in body fluids forthe diagnosis of EPTB. ADA is an enzyme involved in purin
metabolism. Activity of this enzyme increases in TB patients
because of the stimulation of T-cell lymphocytes by mycobacterial
antigens. Detection of ADA in pleural fluid ultimately helped in
establishing the diagnosis in our case.
TB of upper airway and oral cavity is usually secondary to
pulmonary TB. Cases of primary oral TB have been described
in literature . On the other hand oral TB can be the first
sign of pulmonary TB . In our case, oral TB was one of
the manifestations of extrapulmonary TB. Antituberculosis
treatment is the mainstay in the management of EPTB.
Our case highlights the varied and unusual presentations
of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. It also highlights the
limitations of diagnostic tests routinely used for diagnosing
TB. Extrapulmonary manifestation of TB can affect any part of
body; therefore high clinical suspicion is needed to diagnose
such cases early so as to prevent complications and spread of
infection to others. | <urn:uuid:b70e6955-6647-4ac6-8194-83c1b35335bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://juniperpublishers.com/ijoprs/IJOPRS.MS.ID.555576.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.94408 | 2,160 | 2.15625 | 2 |
From the moment it is felled, the giant Norwegian spruce — known as the Queen of the Forest — is revered and cosseted by foresters.
When the time comes for it to be transported to London, towards the end of November, schoolchildren in Norway gather to sing carols while the Mayor of Oslo holds one end of a saw and the Lord Mayor of Westminster the other.
The ceremony is only for the cameras, as the complicated job of cutting through the trunk, lifting the tree into the air on a crane and delicately lowering her into a carefully constructed cradle is done by experts.
For every year since 1947, a 20-metre tall tree has been donated to the British people as a thank-you from the Norwegians for British support during World War II.
This year’s, measuring 24 metres (78ft), will be put up on Thursday, as is traditional, in London’s Trafalgar Square.
Since 1947, the 20-metre tall tree in London’s Trafalgar Square (pictured in 2017) has been donated to UK as a thank-you from Norwegians for British support during World War II
Although well-known as a symbol of Christmas, not many people know the true story of heroism behind the annual gift, and the courageous role played all those years ago by the King of Norway.
For as wicked and misguided as the human race has so often been, occasionally there has arisen a person of bravery, integrity and decency, at a point in history when those qualities were under threat.
By his refusal to surrender those values to unspeakable evil, by his love of the country of which he ruled during exile in Britain, King Haakon VII of Norway was such a man — and made popular broadcasts to his country via the BBC through the war.
Aware that he was likely to be found and apprehended by the Nazis after the invasion of neutral Norway in April 1940, he slept in his uniform, fearful they would be able to publish humiliating photographs of him in pyjamas.
Then aged 67, tall, thin, moustachioed, he was a man in grief. Less than two years earlier, his English wife, Maud, the third daughter of Edward VII, had died of cancer.
The royal couple were very popular in Norway, liked for being a personal presence almost in the medieval tradition. Over the years it is estimated that the King gave tens of thousands of private audiences.
However, Maud was always homesick for England and stayed in their house on the Sandringham estate in Norfolk, a wedding present from her father, as often as she could.
There, she could indulge her twin passions, riding and — by taking trains from King’s Lynn to London —clothes shopping.
Her diminutive, beautifully clad figure, teetering down Bond Street, usually accompanied by one of her dogs, was a familiar sight in the mid to late-1930s.
During a UK visit in November 1938, Maud died. The King was desolate. He and their much-loved only son Crown Prince Olav, then 35, accompanied her body back to Oslo on HMS Royal Oak, lashed by storms.
After the German invasion of Norway on the night of 8-9 April, 1940, the country’s chief weapon against the Nazis was surprise.
For more than 150 years, Norway had been at peace. None of her army officers had ever known combat and Hitler was convinced King Haakon would agree to his demands that he should dismiss his ministers and appoint a government led by the contemptible Vidkun Quisling, leader of the Norwegian Nazi Party.
Not many people know the story of heroism behind the gift, and the courageous role played all those years ago by King Haakon VII of Norway (pictured with Queen Maud and Prince Olav)
Denmark surrendered just six hours after Hitler’s troops crossed its border. To do otherwise would be to risk further bloodshed and almost certain defeat. But Haakon and his government were determined Norway would not collaborate with the Nazis.
Not for one moment did they depart from the principle they held dear: namely free, democratic government, legality which followed the will of the people.
The Norwegians had the measure of the gangster state they faced even at this early stage.
As German warships neared Oslo, the national gold reserve, 53 tons of ingots worth about £2billion, was smuggled from the Bank of Norway to a hiding place on the shores of a fjord, with just hours to spare.
The Germans arrived to find the vaults empty and the King gone. He had escaped to a hotel in a village 135 miles north-east of the capital. With him were his son, the government and members of their parliament.
On hearing that they had rejected the German ultimatum to surrender, Hitler ordered that the King should be taken dead or alive.
Soon, low-flying planes were roaring over the tiny village. At one point, father and son threw themselves face down in the snow beside the road as the air attacks took place.
Explosives and incendiary bombs were falling all about them, but King Haakon remained calm as he picked up a machine-gun bullet which had fallen between him and Prince Olav.
‘A greeting to me personally from Germany,’ he remarked quietly.
For the next two months, the King and his party moved from place to place to evade the Germans.
By April 21, he was sheltering on a farm, where, during a Cabinet meeting held in his bedroom, the windows rattled with exploding bombs.
The King was next to a window and someone suggested changing places. ‘We sit where we are,’ Haakon replied.
In the coastal town of Molde, they had to retreat to the woods, for six days in freezing conditions.
From there, they boarded HMS Glasgow which lay low in the water due to its secret cargo of a large part of the national gold reserve on its way to the Bank of England.
But the King was not ready to leave Norway yet.
While the warship headed for Britain, a small fishing vessel took him to the Arctic port of Tromso.
His arrival there was supposed to be top secret, but German intelligence had discovered his whereabouts, and planes were soon pursuing him.
So, for the next month the royal party hid in the snow-covered mountains — the King and Prince Olav sleeping in one small chalet and using another as an office and audience chamber.
On June 7, shortly before the Germans finally overran the country, the King travelled back to Tromso to preside over a Cabinet meeting for what could have been the last time on Norwegian soil, his voice breaking as he said ‘God bless Norway’ to his ministers.
That afternoon, he, Olav, and a few members of the Government boarded destroyer HMS Devonshire, and set sail for the Scottish port of Gourock.
From here they travelled by train to London’s Euston, where they were met by King George VI and driven to Buckingham Palace.
The London exile had begun.
When the citizens of Oslo heard their King had left the country, they felt abandoned. Only in the unfolding months was it clear the King was not fleeing out of cowardice.
He was taking with him, as the most precious of cargoes, their idea of themselves as a nation.
His broadcasts from Britain reminded them to keep their values and his moral fortitude cheered them, just as he was cheered by the defiance of the greater part of the Norwegian people.
Rather than saying ‘when we win the war’, he spoke of the day he would ‘come home’. Loyalty to their constitutional monarch provided the focus for Norwegian resistance.
One of the jobs assigned to the thuggish henchmen of Quisling’s pro-German administration was to rip flowers out of the button-holes or hats of those who wore them on the King’s birthday.
For his part, the King of Sweden told Haakon to give up.
But with unbridgeable stubbornness, he held to his declaration that the government of Norway continued in England.
King Haakon passed the tree on to Londoners and it was first erected in Trafalgar Square in the middle of the war (pictured in 1948) with no electric lights, but evergreen with defiant hope
Alongside regular meetings with his ministers, the King presided over councils of state held in the Norwegian embassy, a beautiful building in Kensington.
He also remained in close contact with all serving forces, land, sea and air, who had left Norway, often lunching at the United Service Club.
Meanwhile, nearly 1,000 merchant vessels and 30,000 Norwegian merchant seamen were at the disposal of the Allies and played a vital role in keeping Britain fed.
Their work was praised by Philip Noel-Baker, parliamentary-secretary in the Ministry of Transport: ‘If Norway had done as stronger nations did, and said: ‘What’s the use?’
‘I can imagine that we would not have been able to hold out when things were at their worst. Great Britain will never forget what Norway has done.’
Norwegian forces clearly could not regain their country by conquest of the mighty Wehrmacht, but in exile they could plan to make life difficult for the German invaders, sometimes with the help of British intelligence.
But for one such operation in February 1943, history would have been horrifically different.
A raiding party of nine Norwegians were dropped into their homeland, carrying high explosive charges. With these, they blew up an industrial facility in the mountains of Southern Norway.
It was the only place in the world producing ‘heavy water’, which the Nazis planned to use in developing a German atom bomb.
Another success which shone a light in the darkness was a seemingly small event the year before.
A brave Norwegian resistance fighter called Mons Urangsvag was taking part in a commando raid on the tiny island of Hisoy, two miles off Norway’s west coast.
Urangsvag cut down a Norwegian pine in an arboretum, intending it as a gift to exiled King Haakon. It was taken by tanker and transported to the King’s temporary home at Foliejon Park, his home in exile at Windsor.
Among its admirers was George VI, who wished his ‘dear Auntie Maud could have lived to see this beautiful tree, which seems, in a strange way, a symbol of all our hopes in these dark days’.
As a result, King Haakon decided to pass the tree on to Londoners.
So it was first erected in Trafalgar Square in the middle of the war. No electric lights — there was still a blackout! — but evergreen with defiant hope.
The year after, the King returned to Norway, the people of Oslo remembered the gift, and so began the tradition, kept thereafter.
These days, the lights are energy-efficient LED bulbs. But they will still be beacons of an imperishable light, reminding us how much difference can be made to history by just one individual possessing the rare gift of moral courage.
The King And The Christmas Tree by A.N. Wilson is published by Manilla Press, £9.99.© A.N.Wilson 2021.
To order a copy for £8.99, go to www.mailshop.co.uk/books or call 020 3176 2937. Free UK delivery on orders over £20. Offer price valid until 11/12/21. | <urn:uuid:7eaf04c6-aa85-4537-9376-7ad780916ec4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tech-gate.org/usa/2021/11/27/christmas-tree-in-trafalgar-square-is-a-gift-on-behalf-of-a-norwegian-monarch/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.982446 | 2,452 | 3.15625 | 3 |
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Central Budapest Blog writes this about the storm that hit Budapest Sunday: “This morning people are picking through the detritus and working out what it all means. On the National Holiday right at the appointed hour for the firework display as everyone (1-1.5 million) was gathered along the Danube the...
Petro of Petro's Jotter writes that the previously secret KGB records on the Ukrainian Famine have been made public – and available online.
One week after the Israeli army brutally attacked a weekly non-violent legal demonstration against the wall in the village of Bil’in, August 18th saw yet another black and blue protest. ISM reports that this time the army showed a greater sense of preparation as they added water cannons to their...
chlim01 links to a forum that has pictures of flooding in Cambodia's third largest city Battambang.
Paul of Further Ramblings of a N.Irish Magyar has barely escaped from the storm that killed three people and injured over 100 in Budapest.
Shang pei-jin in Shanghaiist reports on the drought in Chongqing and Sichuan region. Reports circulated in the internet said that The Three Gorges Dam was responsible for the situation.
Cease fire in the Israeli-Lebanese war officially began on Monday 14th August. Enteries in the Lebanese blogosphere were diverse starting from what went on during the last days of the war to predictions and analysis about the political consequences of the war on Lebanon. Some bloggers wrote about the effect of this conflict on their personal lives and attitudes. Others wrote about the reaction of their Jewish friends during the war. There are also some war jokes, anecdotes and war dialogues. Blogging and the reading of blogs turned out to be a source of solace and therapy for at least one blogger.
Vutha writes about the heavy rains in Cambodia causing damage to agriculture and tourism.
David McDuff of A Step At A Time writes about forest fires in Russia's Leningrad region and in Estonia.
Faham criticized an exhibition of cartoons about the Holocaust in Tehran. The blogger asks what will be Iranians’ reaction to a similar exhibition about Iranian victims in Iran-Iraq war. Won't their feelings be hurt? The blogger adds Iranian authorities say in the West, media is in the hands of Zionists...
Yuri Mamchur of Russia Blog writes about the competition between U.S. and U.K. law firms to represent those who suffered in the Airbus A-310 crash in Irkutsk in July.
Andy Brouver at Andy's Open Door draws attention to John Pilger, the investigative journalist who made several documentaries on Cambodia. | <urn:uuid:ba0390c5-5d27-42b8-be23-9414c5669403> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://globalvoices.org/-/topics/disaster/?m=200608 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.960877 | 1,083 | 1.523438 | 2 |
The UK’s current innovation landscape is not only concerned with heightening productivity and bringing economic growth to the nation, but also in making existing products and processes more sustainable and energy efficient, in order to reduce environmental impact.
A recent Chemistry Growth Partnership report makes recommendations that industrial manufacturing should become more innovative in reducing CO2 emissions.
Find out how CPI is helping to achieve that goal.
This is particularly important for the Chemical Industry in which CPI sits, as it underpins almost every consumer industry, supplying a huge range of products to the wider UK manufacturing landscape. With the Government’s Clean Growth Strategy pledging to invest over £2.5 billion to support low carbon innovation until 2021, CPI will be leading by example to identify, develop and disseminate low-carbon processes to help reach climate goals, whilst enabling companies to remain competitive.
At present the UK Chemical Industry accounts for around 4.4% of CO2 emissions, as revealed in the ‘Developing a Low Carbon Future for the Chemical Industry’ report by the Chemistry Growth Partnership (CGP). Despite the UK cutting emissions by over 40 per cent, to keep global temperature rise to less than 2 degrees Celsius this century, as committed to in the Paris Agreement, industry still needs to take a multitude of actions to reduce its large and ever-present climate impact. Low carbon products with increased functionality need to be produced, processes that use less and recycle more need to become commonplace, and manufacturing must become zero carbon and energy self-sufficient.
The findings of the CGP report set out key recommendations for the Government that directly influenced the ambitious Clean Growth Strategy, released by the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. The first recommendation focussed on identifying opportunities for different industrialised regions and manufacturing clusters to operate in symbiosis to create a more sustainable, circular economy. Supply chains have become fragmented in recent years, due to rapid globalisation and the reduction of major UK multi-nationals. Efforts to re-integrate supply chain systems within the UK to work together seamlessly will save carbon emissions on import and export, whilst giving economic benefit and improved efficiency. CPI can evidence where supply chain issues are, and our Local Enterprise Partnerships will be vital in identifying and establishing opportunities for strengthening energy saving through cross-sector clustering.
Secondly, more must be done to identify and further develop carbon-reducing technologies. As a key player in the UK’s chemical and pharmaceutical industry, and a national leader in innovation, CPI is in a prime position to identify and pioneer the processes and products required for the desired low-carbon economy. CPI can assist companies in the chemical industry, and the wider process industry, to decipher which processes are economical, how they can be implemented at scale, and ultimately, get their lower-carbon processes and products to market with rigour and efficiency.
Indeed, much of the innovation being carried out at CPI is already working to reduce carbon emissions. Our Industrial Biotechnology and Biorefining activities are all about decarbonisation; improving existing processes to use less energy and re-using waste as a resource. For example, Calysta is striving to improve worldwide food security with its sustainable alternative high-protein fish feed, Feedkind, which does not compete with the human food chain of the world’s growing population. Created via natural fermentation, Feedkind® is made using naturally occurring microbes found in soils worldwide.
Our printable electronics activities are focused on how to make distribution systems, energy capture, batteries, and fuel cells more efficient and effective. For example the SmartMed project is bringing ‘smart packaging’ to medicine packets, so that healthcare providers and pharmaceutical companies can track and monitor medicines throughout the supply chain, saving the unnecessary waste of unused medicines. Or another CPI partner company, Silent Sensors, is pioneering electronic sensors for HGV tyres that convert mechanical motion into electrical energy, reducing carbon emissions and fuel costs.
Our formulation activity is all about making better products and redesigning process routes, to increase productivity whilst using the least money and resources possible. This includes work between Arecor and Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies to improve product stability during the downstream processing of drug manufacture, maximising yield and so reducing waste. This sort of activity is only set to grow with the recent opening of the our new National Formulations Centre.
Many talented scientists, technicians, business minds and budding apprentices are drawn to work at CPI, as they really want to make a difference in the world. With our world-class facilities, and our knowledge and expertise in many areas of science innovation, they can achieve this. The work of CPI and its partners really is making tremendous steps towards a low carbon system where you get the maximum yield for every molecule of carbon used. With our fortunate position we are able to advise the Government on best practice for process innovation, helping to shape policy to deliver a socially responsible and prosperous UK manufacturing industry.
Enjoyed this article? Keep reading more expert insights...
CPI ensures that great inventions gets the best opportunity to become a successfully marketed product or process. We provide industry-relevant expertise and assets, supporting proof of concept and scale up services for the development of your innovative products and processes. | <urn:uuid:43d22125-11ac-46cc-a40c-2072d3f38bae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.uk-cpi.com/blog/innovate-to-enable-clean-growth | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.934517 | 1,062 | 2.6875 | 3 |
The GRITS COM Literary Service
526 Kingwood Drive, Suite 404
Kingwood, TX 77339
‘Designed for Passion’ by Francine Craft
Published Author Francine Craft delivers a new story which allows her characters to be more amorous and delve a little deeper into lustful fulfillment. Designed for Passion, (Kimani Press, March 2008, 0373860579, $5.99), Ms. Craft’s twenty-first novel, is more than an entertaining read. It shares the sometimes emotional anguish of women who are separated by size and humility.
Melodye Carter suffered emotional anguish at the hands of her mom and her sister; she was too heavy and not pretty enough, yet her sister was always competing. Somehow Melodye survived growing up, she now is captivated by her business, a boutique for plus size women.
Having endured two years after the death of her husband, she is almost ready to live again. But new developments, in her husband’s unsolved murder, create problems for Melodye. Her husband’s associates thinks she is hiding money he owed them. Detective Jim Ryman, who has a short history with Melodye, is assigned to the case, and her sister, who takes no male prisoners, is back taunting Melodye! Her sister wants Jim, Jim wants Melodye, and Melodye, tired of competing with her sister, wants them both gone. But startling discoveries surrounding her husband’s `life and death’ just may shock Melodye into finally leveling the playing field.
Designed For Passion is an ardent story about plus-size women, jealous siblings, introspection, and personal redemption. Ms. Crafts delves into the psyche of women who see themselves through someone else’s eyes. Hopefully readers will be rewarded with positive actions about women who feel when this ends, plus size women might want to take a bow!
About the book:
Designed for Passion by Francine Craft
Kimani Press, March 2008
$5.99 US, ISBN: 978-0373860579
About the Author
Francine Craft is the pen name of Washington, D.C. based writer who has enjoyed writing for many years. A native Mississippian, Francine has lived in New Orleans and found it to be one of the most fascinating places imaginable. A veteran of many interesting careers, Francine has been a research assistant for a large psychiatric organization, an elementary school teacher, a business school instructor, and a federal government legal secretary. Since 1995, she has published 22 titles – 18 novels and 4 anthologies, many of which have made the top 100 list on Amazon.
Visit Francine Craft’s official website, www.francinecraft.com, and MySpace profile, www.myspace.com/francinecraft, for more information about her writing and this new novel! Designed For Passion is available nationwide where books are sold and online at Eharlequin.com, Amazon.com, and Barnes & Noble.com
Sassy Brit Alternative-Read.com
“The Inside Story” as told by Sassy Brit and her Gang!
Lively and Spirited Reviews
MyBlogLog.com, GatherMe, Shelfari, Sassy’s MySpace, AuthorsDen, 360Yahoo, Flickr, YouTube, Facebook, StumbleUpon, Sassy does Jumpcut, Visit our UK Shop, Visit our USA Store, | <urn:uuid:9d0e365f-e6b2-4af4-8ea3-ee1cc7ff85f7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://alternative-read.com/new-release-designed-for-passion-by-francine-craft/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.937498 | 773 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Dialogue with Claire
Ancient One: Claire, dear one. It has been too long since we spoke. I have missed you. You have changed as you must. I remember at our last encounter my saying to you, "Change is the essence of all being." As we now continue our dialogue, know that the four attributes necessary for any change are MAtter, ENergy, TIme, and SPAce (MaEnTiSpa). In physics only these four properties can be directly measured: mass (grams), energy (calories), time (seconds), and space (meters). All other properties are derived from these (area, velocity, power, work, acceleration, volume, etc.). So it is with the changes you effect in your life, dear Claire. There are only four attributes of Existence over which you have control. They are matter, energy, time, and space (MaEnTiSpa). The potter who would create a bowl from clay applies ENergy to it (MAtter), reshaping (SPAce) it and in TIme produces a bowl. The extent to which this bowl approaches the personal perfection the potter establishes depends on the extent to which the potter masters MaEnTiSpa."
Claire: Granted, old friend, change involves MaEnTiSpa, but there must be more to it than this. Is there some driving mechanism that causes change to occur in Nature and if so, how does it apply to the changes we humans create?
Ancient One: (Claire, before answering, know that knowledge begins with a question igniting the mind to seek greater understanding. The answers are but fuel that feeds the mind. In this spirit answers are offered to your question, not as an absolute, but simply one of an infinite number of answers, one generated by a personal quest for greater understanding.) - "EXISTENCE because It DESIRES a thing, SAYS to It BE, and It IS." Here "EXISTENCE" is that unknowable ALL that is the well spring of all change. Some call it "God." Each one of us is a subset of "EXISTENCE" and as such have the same "DESIRE" to effect some unique change. The "SAYS" is the thought that sets out a blueprint for the change, the visualization of what can be. The "BE" is the individual action taken to make the vision real through MaEnTiSpa. The "IS" is the actualization of the action when birth is given into the real world to that which had not been before. Humans create change as does EXISTENCE, thought with action giving birth to new creation.
Claire: Given the factors over which one has control and the mechanism through which change occurs, how can one be sure that change will occur?
Ancient One: One cannot be sure that desired change will occur. One can only control the probability that an event will occur by doing that which increases its probability of occurrence and not doing that which will decrease it. A future event whose probability of occurrence is "0" will absolutely not occur. One whose probability of occurrence is "1" will absolutely occur. There are no such future events. All future events have a probability of occurrence between "0" and "1." The event exists in the present when its probability is "1" and exists in the past when its probability of occurrence is "0." One can define the present as that instant when the probability of a future event between "0" and "1" changes to "1"and then to "0" on zero time. The present has no measure of time. Time can be measured only into the future and into the past. The present is that instant when the future becomes the past, when probability changes from "1" to "0." | <urn:uuid:d1c8b3e1-6d93-4f9c-b01c-08f9c7c51634> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://porcelainia.com/taopau.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.961712 | 789 | 1.96875 | 2 |
IU tested every student who arrived on campus for COVID-19. Fewer than 1% tested positive.
Fewer than 1% of Indiana University students who arrived on campus for the start of classes Monday tested positive for COVID-19, according to new data released by the university Tuesday.
IU tested every student upon their arrival to one of the systems' four residential campuses, the beginning of a massive testing campaign the university plans to conduct throughout the school year in an effort to slow the spread of the virus on its campuses.
"Our goal is to make it safer to be part of the IU community than not to be," said Dr. Aaron E. Carroll, IU's director of surveillance and mitigation for the COVID-19 pandemic and a professor of pediatrics at the IU School of Medicine.
With 81% of the 39,000 on-arrival tests processed, the university had a 0.91% positivity rate. That means roughly 300 students spread across IU's Bloomington, Indianapolis, South Bend and New Albany campuses tested positive when they showed up to campus.
The rate falls in line with what the university was expecting to see, Carroll said. It is roughly the background infection rate statewide that studies from IUPUI and the Indiana State Department of Health found.
Other schools have taken the same approach, but few of the same size as IU. Purdue University, by comparison, required all 40,000 of its returning students to get a COVID-19 test prior to arriving on campus but did not conduct on-site testing for all students.
Both schools plan to conduct regular surveillance testing throughout the year.
Carroll said the plan to make IU safer than the general public relied on being able to screen students before they ever stepped foot on campus.
Rapid-result antigen test
All students living in on-campus housing at IU Bloomington, IUPUI, IU South Bend and IU Southeast, as well as IU Bloomington students living off-campus, were required to go through the on-arrival testing process. The university also required all on-campus students to submit a negative COVID-19 test 10 days before arriving.
The on-arrival test for students planning to live on campus was a rapid-result antigen test, with samples taken from inside students' nostrils. Students had to drive through a testing site prior to move-in and learned their test result within 30 minutes. This allowed the university to pull anyone currently infected from the university community before coming into contact with others.
Students living off-campus underwent a saliva test, with results available in about 72 hours.
The students that have tested positive have either returned home with their families to isolate, are isolating off-campus, or have been isolated in housing reserved for that purpose, according to a news release from the university.
IU Bloomington has 564 rooms set aside for student isolation, said spokesperson Chuck Carney.
"We relied on the quickest and most efficient tests available in recognition that people who are tested and screened are less likely to spread the virus," said Dr. Aaron E. Carroll, IU's director of surveillance and mitigation for the COVID-19 pandemic and a professor of pediatrics at the IU School of Medicine. "Very few organizations have engaged in rapid and robust testing of this scale, or even close to it.
"But it was critical for us to test as many members of the IU community as possible so that we could safely and confidently begin on-campus, in-person learning."
IU is attempting to keep the university open and classes in-person, even as students flouted mask-wearing and social distancing guidelines in the days leading up to the start of the academic year.
Last week, photos and video circulating on social media appeared to show large gatherings of students outside houses with no masks or social distancing protocols in place. The university said it would suspend students involved.
That party was at least the second large gathering IU officials have been notified about in the week before classes started. Carney said administrators have seen a photo being shared on social media that shows a large group of young people standing close together outside a house at night, many of them not wearing masks.
That photo prompted a strongly worded email to students from IU-Bloomington Provost Lauren Robel, who basically told students to follow the rules or else.
“If enough of you don’t follow the rules, game over,” Robel said in the email. “We’ll have to do what other universities have done and go all online."
Around the state
Other Indiana universities are grappling with the same issues.
In West Lafayette, 36 Purdue students were suspended last week for attending a party that violated guidelines. The cooperative house where the party took place was also suspended.
In South Bend, after one week of classes, the University of Notre Dame went online for two weeks, hoping to get things under control after 448 confirmed cases on campus – as of Monday – were reported. The positivity rate at Notre Dame in the past seven days was at 14%, as of Monday.
Butler University in Indianapolis postponed its reopening, scheduled for Monday, after reports of students flouting coronavirus prevention measures and infection rates testing went from 0.5% to 2% since Aug. 19.
Carroll said he is hopeful IU will be able to avoid a similar outcome by investing in a massive testing regimen that will see all students tested once or a twice a week by the time its three new labs come online in October. The labs, which will be in Indianapolis and Bloomington, will have the capacity to process up to 15,000 tests per day.
"We’re making a run at it," he said.
With regular testing, Carroll said IU can identify infected individuals and pull them from the community, effectively slowing the spread of the virus on its campuses.
Contributing: Dave Bangert/Lafayette Journal & Courier, Allie Kirkman/South Bend Tribune | <urn:uuid:cf5eb196-2b7e-42f1-80f0-67d9fd5bbe9b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pal-item.com/story/news/education/2020/08/25/iu-tested-every-student-who-arrived-campus-covid-19/3435730001/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.966676 | 1,240 | 1.789063 | 2 |
It is a plant of the family cruciferae, annual and biennial from the dark of the night to about eighty cm high, the lower part of the plant is covered with a fluffy top, and sometimes the entire plant is fluffy. Its leaves have deep cuts and are split two or three times
Dr. Yadollah Ahrari with over 5 years of medical experience providing the most modern and effective traditional medicine in Mashhad and Iran
- Iranian Medicine
- Homeopathy medicine
- skin and hair
- Low power laser
- Medicinal Plants
- Common diseases
Type the keyword you want to search for website content and click the button.
Subscribe to our monthly newsletter and receive the latest posts in your email. | <urn:uuid:2e55d01a-eae1-4577-96e7-771d97767392> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://en.dr-ahrari.com/medicinal-plants/warm-more | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.920341 | 160 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Thinking Ink Press is excited to announce that we will be publishing The Parents’ Guide to Perthes, the first book about Perthes disease for families. Perthes is a rare childhood disease that affects the hip joints of children age two to twelve years old and can limit the child’s mobility.
Written by Dr. Charles T. Price and Betsy Miller, The Parents’ Guide to Perthes provides accurate information and practical advice for families. Charles T. Price, MD is a pediatric orthopedic surgeon. He has done research on Perthes and has shared his findings in research papers and medical books. Betsy Miller is the author of The Parents’ Guide to Hip Dysplasia and The Parents’ Guide to Clubfoot (available through booksellers).
People affected by rare diseases need resources as much as anyone else. But publishing books about rare diseases is challenging because the number of potential readers is small. The cost of publishing the book is more than the amount of income that book sales can generate. Thinking Ink Press is looking for ways to make it possible to publish The Parents’ Guide to Perthes and other similar books. To that end we’re running a pre-ordering and crowdfunding event on Pubslush from October 17, 2014 through November 16, 2014.
Please visit the project page on Pubslush, at http://perthes.pubslush.com, to learn more about the project and to download an excerpt.
Note that Pubslush only accepts US dollars or UK pounds. To pre-order or contribute to this project in any other currency, please use this web form instead: https://www.thinkinginkpress.com/perthes/ | <urn:uuid:43bfd7ed-3d0a-410c-a696-fb92bfdc680f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thinkinginkpress.com/2014/10/tip/tip-acquires-the-parents-guide-to-perthes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.928642 | 352 | 1.695313 | 2 |
developed as practical applications of astrosophy
During the inner development that followed from the search after the meanings of sound, colour and form, there arouse different fields of investigation. In exploring these, most often together with other people, Nicolaas de Jong his observations and the way he found these into practical methods. At first he acknowledged that not many people had the same clairvoyant images and sounds as he did. But knowing he was not hallucinating, he wanted other people to have their own inner pictures and sounds. So he developed his visions into paths and methods of inner development. This led him through the fields of nature and its beings, and as well fallen places. So places with lots of sorrow, sadness and sickness as well. Like former battle fields and concentration camps. In order to work there, he had to educate people so the work could be shared, and the participants could carry and as well correct one another in their observations. This has led to international landscape healing projects, but as well to healings of persons, houses and landscapes.
The Rune Workshop has developed the following methods: | <urn:uuid:90b28e84-842b-4aea-9ccd-1237eb851aca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.runeworkz.com/methods/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.98747 | 223 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Practical Information for
Living in Switzerland
In this section on Practical Information for living in Switzerland we list some practical resources under the following headers:
Accommodation, Shopping, Markets in Zurich, Webcams, Water Temperature of the Lakes, Skiing, Webcams, Travel, Cars and Parking, Telephony, Weather, Public Holidays and Christmas Markets.
First of all – Zurich City
Zurich consists of 12 “Kreis” or districts – these are as follows:
District 1 comprises the Old Town
District 2 comprises Narrow, Wollishofen Leimbach
District 3 comprises Wiedikon
District 4 comprises part of the former municipality Aussersihl
District 5 comprises the former industrial area to the West
District 6 comprises upper and lower Strass Rhinestone
District 7 comprises Fluntern, Hottingen, Hirslanden and Witikon
District 8 comprises Riesbachstrasse
District 9 comprises Altstetten and Albisrieden
District 10 comprises Wipkingen and Hoengg
District 11 comprises Affoltern, Oerlikon and Seebach
District 12 comprises Schwamendingenstrasse
Accommodation in Zurich The housing market in Zurich is notoriously difficult to navigate and sites such as Flats For Expats are there to help newcomers find affordable accommodation in the city. For more information please see here.
Shopping in Switzerland – See here for where to shop in Zurich and Switzerland 365 days a year.
Webcams in Switzerland
List of Webcams in Switzerland – useful to view before you plan a day trip
Webcams in Zurich
Zurich Card – ideal for visitors and available for CHF 24 for 24hours and CHF 48 for 72 hours
Cars Where to place the Auto Vignette on your windscreen – yes, seriously!
It must also be “stuck” to the windscreen (not merely propped against it). Failure to adhere and to place in the correct location on your screen could result in a CHF 200 fine. The Autovignette needs to be purchased at the Post Office or at some petrol station every calendar year. Your old vignette always remains valid until 31st January the following year.
Dipped Head Lights From 1st January 2014 you must drive at all times (even in daylight hours) with dipped headlights. Failure to do so may result in a fine. Speeding (please note the following is just a guide as this is a list from 2012)
Winter and Summer Tyres You need to make sure you have Winter tyres on your car from about October onwards. It is a good idea to book well in advance at your garage as everyone else wants to get them done at the same time too! Normally you put the Summer tyres back on in March time. Your garage will normally store the tyres for you (for a small fee) and if you need a recommendation, Pneus Alex is the garage we use.
Where to Buy Tyres
If you need new tyres and have been quoted what seems an extortionate amount you could try ordering from Reifendirekt.ch and they will deliver to your nearest garage (like the one we use).
Parku is an innovative parking service in Zurich allowing you find privately owned car parking spaces in town to rent at a cost of CHF 3 per hour. You can also rent out your parking space or driveway if you have one too. For more information read our post here.
Children’s Playgrounds For a list of children’s playgounds all over Zurich please consult the Zuriplay website.
Cooking Fahrenheit Celsius Converter
Before you Arrive in Switzerland
Telephony – Telephones, Mobiles and Internet
There are many “deals” to be had when you combine your land lines, television, internet and mobile contracts altogether – so it is worth checking what each supplier can offer. There are also some very good deals for “under 26 year olds” on mobile packages too – so do check out the sites below and call them up to discuss if you need more information. Even if their website is in German most of them do have English speaking people available on the phone or in their shops.
Top Events in Switzerland
Health Insurance Visitors over from the EU? Read about the European Health Insurance App and Card
To see all the Public Holidays in Zurich see here
There are some great books about Switzerland or with a Swiss connection that you might be interested in. Here are some suggestions: Swiss Watching by Diccon Bewes Swisscellany by Diccon Bewes Slow Train to Switzerland by Diccon Bewes Living and Working in Switzerland by David Hampshire Swiss Life: 30 Things I Wish I’d Known by Chantal Panozzo and Hausfrau by Jill Alexander Essbaum.
Events and Fairs Throughout Switzerland – for a calendar with all the “Messe” or Fairs held in Switzerland read here.
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From time to time we may run photo contests in conjunction with www.Facebook.com/newinzurich and by submitting your photo to any contest you are agreeing that NewInZurich may use that photo in conjunction with associated articles and for illustration purposes. We would always aim to credit your photo. We recommend wherever possible you add a watermark to your photo so that if your photo is shared over Facebook you are still credited. | <urn:uuid:f7e02905-cd52-4707-98d2-b6b9d5ba5335> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newinzurich.com/practical-infromation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.92375 | 1,333 | 1.578125 | 2 |
The Man and the Eagle
There was once a man who had never seen an eagle. One day a magnificent eagle landed on his windowsill, and when he saw it, he exclaimed, “What an ugly creature!” The man grabbed the eagle and pulled it into his house. “First, I’m going to fix that curved beak of yours.” He used a file to remove the hook in the eagle’s beak.
“Those claws are vicious looking,” the man said as he clipped the eagle’s claws until there was little left. When he finished, the man said, “There, now you look better.” And he put the bird back on his open windowsill and shooed it away. You can imagine how long the newly trimmed eagle lasted in the wild.
The man changed the bird drastically in this story. Without valuing the bird’s special qualities, the man altered the bird to what he thought would be better. This story can be used to discuss discrimination and the effect it has on those who are discriminated against.
Think about the eagle for a moment. How important do you think it is for the eagle to have its claws and sharp beak?
Why are the eagle’s beak and claws important to its survival?
After reading this story, why do you think the man changed the bird?
Did the man know the importance of the eagle’s claws and beak? If he knew more about eagles, do you think he would have appreciated the eagle instead of changing it?
Have you ever tried to change a person who is different from you?
Are some people cruel in this manner to people with whom they are not familiar?
Do you think it’s ethical to change people because you think their characteristics are different or somehow less superior to yours? If so, in what situation do you feel this is justified?
What happens when people place their beliefs on others?
Can all people be judged by the same standard of beauty? Why or why not?
In your opinion, what makes a person beautiful/attractive?
What role does a person’s preference play in deciding what is beautiful or attractive?
How do we treat people who don’t look like us—have different skin colors; are taller, thinner, or heavier; have braces or glasses; use a cane to walk; have wrinkles; are older, younger, deaf, or blind?
How does this story parallel the history of America? | <urn:uuid:f0f7b6bb-91b9-47a7-99ce-0e6ac29777da> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://multiracialfamily.net/2011/07/25/the-man-and-the-eagle-discussion-starter-2/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.961081 | 535 | 3.75 | 4 |
Introduction to Subtitling
1) To acquire and develop research competences in subtitling, so that students are able to
(a) problematize key issues
(b) provide informed justification of subtitling practice.
2) To acquire and develop subtitling competences, so that students can
(a) translate audiovisual material in moderatly difficult situations for the hearing, as well as the deaf and hard-of-hearing
(b) apply relevant solutions for specific challenges of subtitling
(c) show critical understanding of different freely available subtitling software and national subtitling conventions.
3 To develop service provision and interpersonal competences, so that students know how to
(a) approach new clients and interact with fellow professional in the area, using adequade strategies and communication channels
(b) comply with the basic ethical and professional standards.
Hanna Marta Pieta Candido
Weekly - 4
Total - 168
Near-native (C2) competence in English; high competence with computers; your own PC or Mac with internet access.
Carroll, Mary & Jan Ivarsson. (1998). “Code of Good Subtitling Practice.” www.transedit.se/code.htm.
Díaz-Cintas, J., & Ramael, A. (2020). Subtitling: Concepts and Practices. London: Routledge.
Neves, J., (2008) 10 fallacies about Subtitling for the Deaf and the hard of hearing. Journal of Specialised Translation.
Netflix. 2020. Pivot Language Template Guidelines. (online)
Pedersen, Jan. 2016. “In Sweden, we do it like this. On cultural references and subtitling norms.” inTRAlinea 22, 24-36.
Romero-Fresco, P. (2018). Reception studies in live and pre-recorded subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing. In E. Di Giovanni & Y. Gambier (Eds.), Reception Studies and Audiovisual Translation, 199-223. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Szarkowska, A., Díaz Cintas, J., & Gerber-Morón, O. (2020). Quality is in the eye of the stakeholders: what do professional subtitlers and viewers think about subtitling? Universal Access in the Information Society. Perspectives.
This unit will be mainly practical, combining three main teaching methods:
1) individual and team subtitling activities, with authentic audiovisual material, and a resort to three freely available subtitling software;
2) students’ oral participation during the correction of activities, as well as group discussions on the challenges, the research leading to the reflection on alternative solutions and the decision process; 3) guest-lectures on key topics by invited researchers and hands-on workshops with professionals from the Portuguse industry.
Evaluation Methodologies - 4) final individual project that involves the creation and constant updating of a CV and an e-portfolio, accompanied by a reflective blogue about different aspects of the project(35%), 1) quality,regularity and punctuality of all the assignments; 2) quality and regularity of oral participation (10%+10%); (20%), 3) in-class test (subtitling activity) (45%)
1. Key concepts of audiovisual translation: multimodality, source text, target text, translation problem and solution.
2. History, typology and characteristics of subtitling (with particular focus on subtitles for the hearding and SDH).
3. Subtitling mechanics: spotting/time-cueing in simple and moderate scenarios; national layouts and formatting conventions.
4. Subtitling challenges: subtitling cultural references, humour and language variety.
5. Professional ecosystem of subtitling: approaching new clients (CV, electronic portfolio) and interacting with fellow professionals (professional associations and social media).
6. Ethical issues in subtitling.
Programs where the course is taught: | <urn:uuid:18d68a7c-7e61-4e8f-8dc1-fffe6910e01e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://guia.unl.pt/en/2021/fcsh/program/9252/course/711121070 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.801401 | 928 | 2.75 | 3 |
You can access the distribution details by navigating to My Print Books(POD) > Distribution
This is the first book in a music course designed for classes 2 to 8 at Divine Intervention School. It introduces the basics of staff notation and tonic solfa. The aim is to prepare every student for any future musical activities by offering them the chance to gain fluency in notation and theory. Each lesson contains workbook activities. Practice exam questions are also included for each unit.
This is the first edition, designed exclusively for students at Divine Intervention School, Mizoram. Future editions might be designed for a wider audience. | <urn:uuid:a45a4160-dac9-4e34-b0af-95a2ce32d716> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://store.pothi.com/book/joanna-heath-music-workbook-book-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950954 | 125 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Older people would pay more under new health care bill, AARP says
By Jen Christensen CNN
(CNN) -- One of the nation's most influential domestic policy groups said Thursday that the health care bill making its way through Congress would put the cost of insurance far out of reach for many more Americans.
"This will make health care less secure and less affordable," said Nancy LeaMond, AARP's executive vice president. "No one believes the current health care system is perfect, but the American Health Care Act is not the answer."
The AARP, which supported Obamacare, sent a critical letter to Congress on Tuesday (PDF). Among other issues, the group does not like the part of the bill that changes the ratio for what insurance companies can charge customers based on age.
Under Obamacare, insurance companies can charge up to three times more for someone older -- and more likely sicker -- compared with their younger, and presumably healthier, counterparts.
The new legislation would allow insurers to charge older customers up to five times as much as younger customers. The bill gives states the latitude to change that ratio, so states like Vermont, which has a 1 to 1 age rating, can keep their arrangements.
An AARP analysis (PDF) says that if you are younger, you may pay less, but if you are older and get your insurance on the individual market, you could be spending a lot more.
For example, for a 55-year-old making $25,000 a year, premiums could go up to $3,600. Currently, a nonsmoker in Atlanta who bought a moderate plan called a silver plan would spend $1,700 per year for premiums. That's about 7% of household income, compared with 14% under the new legislation, according to the analysis.
For a 64-year-old, it would get even more expensive. For someone making $25,000 a year, premiums could go up to $7,000 a year, according to the AARP's analysis. Currently, a nonsmoker living in Phoenix who bought a silver plan is spending $1,700 per year for premiums. That's nearly 7% of income with current subsidies and age ratios, compared with 28%, according to this analysis.
And for a 64-year-old whose take-home pay was even less, health insurance would become significantly more expensive, according to the AARP analysis. A 64-year-old who makes $15,000 a year and buys a policy on the individual market would probably spend $8,400 on premiums a year: more than 56% of their income.
These are "increases the American people cannot afford," LeaMond said.
And although the new legislation would not include a return to the pre-Obamacare days when companies could refuse to sell a policy if a person had a pre-existing condition, an insurance company could charge that person 30% more if they have a two-month gap in coverage. That means older adults could be spending even more than the AARP analysis says.
The costs could be even higher for older people in regions such as California's Bay Area, where the cost of living is higher. The new legislation would give Americans a flat amount for subsidies to buy coverage based on their age, as opposed to their income and the cost of insurance in their area, as with Obamacare.
The idea behind the change in age ratio is to entice more young people into the insurance market, GOP lawmakers say. With younger and likely healthier people in the market, the cost of insurance for everyone should go down, but the AARP doesn't think that will happen. Its models show the change in price probably would not encourage young people to buy insurance.
A separate analysis by S&P Global also suggests that premiums would significantly increase for older people, driving many of them out of the market. The report estimates that up to 10 million people could lose their coverage under the new legislation.
The AARP said it has other concerns about the legislation, such as weakened Medicare and Medicaid and a tax break for drug companies.
"Drug companies and special interests get a sweetheart deal" in the plan, LeaMond said, yet the legislation does nothing to lower the cost of prescription drugs. The Trump administration has said lower drug prices would be a legislative priority.
The nation's leading hospital and doctors' groups also spoke against the bill. The American Medical Association wrote (PDF) in a letter to House committee leaders that it could not support the bill because of the "expected decline in health insurance coverage and the potential harm it would cause to vulnerable patient populations." The American Hospital Association and the Federation of American Hospitals also oppose the measure.
At least one group, the Association of Mature American Citizens, a conservative group founded by a former insurance agency owner, praised the legislation as a great "first step" in the efforts to repeal Obamacare and said the legislation will "put the power of health care choices back into the hands of patients." It praised the bill's expansion of health savings accounts and the repeal of the individual mandate, which requires all Americans to get insurance.
Although the GOP has vowed to get the legislation through Congress quickly, whether Americans will like it is uncertain. Polls have showed that most Americans think lowering what individuals pay for health care should be a "top priority" for Congress and President Trump, according to the Kaiser Foundation. The majority, 61%, thought lowering the cost of prescription drugs should be a priority as well.
The Trump administration said it supports the bill. On Wednesday, White House spokesman Sean Spicer shrugged off any opposition from the medical establishment.
"We would love to have every group on board," Spicer said. "This isn't about figuring out how many special interests in Washington we can get paid off. It's about making sure that patients get the best deal that lowers prices and brings back cost."
TM & © 2017 Cable News Network, Inc., a Time Warner Company. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:184274e2-d976-4a2a-a9c1-0bba0edb32e8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.abc57.com/news/older-people-would-pay-more-under-new-health-care-bill-aarp-says | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.972736 | 1,227 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Template:Cagayan De Oro City
Cagayan de Oro City is the capital city of the Misamis Oriental province in the Philippines.
President Elpidio Quirino signed Republic Act No. 521, which granted the municipality of Cagayan de Misamis the status of a charted city making it officially known as Cagayan de Oro City. Vice president and former congressman Emmanuel Pelaez helped pushed this change of status from municipality into becoming a chartered city. Constant economic growth made it possible for the Ministry of Local Government on November 22, 1983 to declare CDO as a highly-urbanized city.
List of the 17 Regions in the Philippines
National - Capital Region ● I - Ilocos ● II - Cagayan ● III - C. Luzon ● IV-A - Calabarzon ● IV-B - Mimaropa ● V - Bicol ● VI - W. Visayas ● VII - C. Visayas ● VIII - E. Visayas ● IX - Zamboanga ● X - N. Mindanao ● XI - Davao ● XII - Soccsksargen ● XIII - Caraga ● XIV - CAR ● XV - BARMM
Within these 17 regions in the Philippines, there are 42,046 barangays, 1488 municipalities, 146 cities, 81 provinces. It has a democratic form of government and the freedom of speech is upheld by law. English is the "lingua franca" and is the mode of instruction in all high schools, colleges and universities. Laws and contracts are written in English.
- Minimize corruption and maximize prosperity with a Guarantee of One Senator per Region. They divided the Philippines into REGIONS, but kept SENATORIAL representation national with no accountability to any regions.. No wonder many regions remain poor. Petition for a regional senatorial election. All regions will have senatorial representation.
Barangays (80) of Cagayan de Oro City, in the Misamis Oriental Province within Region 10 in the Republic of The Philippines
Agusan • Baikingon • Balubal • Balulang • Barangay 1 (Pob.) • Barangay 2 (Pob.) • Barangay 3 (Pob.) • Barangay 4 (Pob.) • Barangay 5 (Pob.) • Barangay 6 (Pob.) • Barangay 7 (Pob.) • Barangay 8 (Pob.) • Barangay 9 (Pob.) • Barangay 10 (Pob.) • Barangay 11 (Pob.) • Barangay 12 (Pob.) • Barangay 13 (Pob.) • Barangay 14 (Pob.) • Barangay 15 (Pob.) • Barangay 16 (Pob.) • Barangay 17 (Pob.) • Barangay 18 (Pob.) • Barangay 19 (Pob.) • Barangay 20 (Pob.) • Barangay 21 (Pob.) • Barangay 22 (Pob.) • Barangay 23 (Pob.) • Barangay 24 (Pob.) • Barangay 25 (Pob.) • Barangay 26 (Pob.) • Barangay 27 (Pob.) • Barangay 28 (Pob.) • Barangay 29 (Pob.) • Barangay 30 (Pob.) • Barangay 31 (Pob.) • Barangay 32 (Pob.) • Barangay 33 (Pob.) • Barangay 34 (Pob.) • Barangay 35 (Pob.) • Barangay 36 (Pob.) • Barangay 37 (Pob.) • Barangay 38 (Pob.) • Barangay 39 (Pob.) • Barangay 40 (Pob.) • Bayabas • Bayanga • Besigan • Bonbon • Bugo • Bulua • Camaman-an • Canitoan • Carmen • Consolacion • Cugman • Dansolihon • F.S. Catanico • Gusa • Indahag • Iponan • Kauswagan • Lapasan • Lumbia • Macabalan • Macasandig • Mambuaya • Nazareth • Pagalungan • Pagatpat • Patag • Pigsag-an • Puerto • Puntod • San Simon • Tablon • Taglimao • Tagpangi • Tignapoloan • Tuburan • Tumpagon •
The Philippines has been a "decentralized" form of government since 1991, contrary to what most Filipinos think. Ever since the creation of Republic Act 7160, each LGU is responsible for its own domain. Even the smallest LGU the barangay creates its own Budget. It is not dependent on handouts from the city, municipality or province. "IMPERIAL MANILA IS A MYTH!", it does not exist anymore. The Philippine budget formulation system is not centralized. . It is the responsibility of each LGU to submit their budgetary needs for review. Failure to submit is the problem.
- Cagayan de Oro Ctiy is the capital city of the province of Misamis Oriental located in the northern part of Mindanao.
List of Municipalities in the Misamis Oriental Province within Region X in the Republic of The Philippines
Alubijid • Balingasag • Balingoan • Binuangan • Claveria • Gitagum • Initao • Jasaan • Kinoguitan • Lagonglong • Laguindingan • Libertad • Lugait • Magsaysay • Manticao • Medina • Naawan • Opol • Salay • Sugbongcogon • Tagoloan • Talisayan • Villanueva
Cities in the Province of Misamis Oriental: Cagayan de Oro City • El Salvador City • Gingoog City
Cagayan de Oro City Seal
|Interactive Google Satellite Map of Cagayan de Oro City|
Cagayan de Oro City within Misamis Oriental
The municipalities and cities within the province of Misamis oriental
Location of Misamis Oriental within The Philippines
Cagayan de Oro City Public Market
The river of cagayan de oro city
Iponan river cagayan de oro city
St. Augustine Metropolitan Cathedral
Flood Waters in the streets of Cagayan de Oro City
Cagayan de Oro City Buildings
Bus Terminal, Bulua, Cagayan de Oro City
SM Mall of lumbia cagayan de oro
Featured News of The Philippines
Updated: August 15, 2022
Clark zone locators mull recovery aid for Abra quake victims.
BAGUIO CITY – The organization of companies operating within the Clark Freeport Zone is looking at possible recovery aid for the victims of the major earthquake in Abra last month. Cristopher Magdangal, president of the Board of Directors of the Clark Investors and Locators Association, Inc. (CILA), in a statement on Monday said “we are reporting our findings and the result of the relief activity last week in Abra to the Board and we will see how we can still help in the recovery effort.” Magdangal said their assistance will not end in their recent delivery of relief items.
Pangasinan town opens drug reformation center
ASINGAN, Pangasinan – The municipal government here has opened its own Balay Silangan drug reformation facility, the fifth in the province of Pangasinan. In a speech during the inauguration on Monday, municipal local government operations officer Catherine Velasquez said the facility aims to reintegrate the drug reformists into the community.
Location of Cagayan de Oro City, Province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines
Cagayan de Oro Ctiy is the capital city of the province of Misamis Oriental located in the northern part of Mindanao.
It is located at 8°29′N 124°39′E, in Mindanao. It is bordered by the province of Bukidnon to the east and south and by the municipality of Manticao, Misamis Oriental to the west. On the north lies Macajalar Bay in the Bohol Sea. The Cagayan River divides the city in the middle. The river is crossed by four bridges in the city. The city is surrounded by municipalites. The city is located in the province of Misamis Oriental and Region X. The city is outside the typhoon belt, but it is affected by the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone. The city is bordered by Opol, Tagoloan, and Bukidnon.
The southern portion of the city is bordered by the Provinces of Bukidnon and Lanao del Norte. The Municipality of Opol borders the city on the west and Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental to the east. To the north lies Macajalar Bay facing Bohol Sea.
Its total land area is 488.86 km² representing 13.9% of the entire Misamis Oriental Province. It includes 25 kilometers of coastline and a fine deep-water harbor, Macajalar Bay. 44.7% of the surface of Cagayan de Oro is classified as agricultural land and 38.4% is classified as open spaces.
History of Cagayan de Oro City, Province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines
The City's history dates back many centuries before the Spaniards came to Cagayan when the territory was called Kalambagohan. Its main town, Himologan, was a hill-top fortress situated some eight kilometers south of the present Poblacion.
At the time when the first Spanish missionaries came in 1622, the people of Cagayan had tributary relation to Kudarat, the Muslim Sultan of Maguindanao empire in Cotabato. However, the people had not embraced Islam and instead, many became Christians after sometime. Because of this, Muslim warriors began to attack the settlement. As a defense strategy, the priests persuaded the people to transfer from the hilltop to a better location which is the present site of the Saint Augustine Cathedral. The Cagayanons were able to defend themselves for almost 250 years from Muslim harassment.
In 1738, Spanish dominance was felt in Cagayan. When Misamis gained status of province in 1818, one of its four districts was the Partidos de Cagayan.
In 1871, the "Partidos" became a town and was made permanent capital of Misamis. In 1883, the town became seat of the Spanish government in Mindanao for the provinces of Misamis Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Bukidnon, Lanao del Norte. Consequently, from a purely farming-fishing area, Cagayan emerged into a booming commerce and trade center.
The war years in Cagayan were prompted by the presence of the Americans in 1898. The Americans were initially and successfully repulsed by the local forces led by Major Apolinar Velez at the historic battle of Macahambus in June 4, 1900.
After the troubled years, peace finally brought back the economic activities to normal under the guidance of Americans. St. Augustine School, the forerunner of the present Xavier University and of Lourdes College, was inaugurated in 1928.
On June 15, 1950 President Elpidio Quirino signed Republic Act No. 521, which granted the status of a chartered city to the municipality of Cagayan de Oro.
Following these events, the socio-economic order underwent some far-reaching changes. Activities grew in scale and importance until it developed as the administrative center for the entire Northern Mindanao (Region X and XIII).
Today, Cagayan de Oro is one of the fastest growing cities in the country and was declared a “Highly Urbanized City” by the Ministry of Local Government last November 22, 1983.
- articlel from the city of Cagayan de Oro verbatim
People of Cagayan de Oro City, Province of MISAMIS ORIENTAL, Philippines
- Population of CITY OF CAGAYAN DE ORO (CAPITAL), MISAMIS ORIENTAL as of 2020 census: 728,402
- Populaton of Cagayan de Oro City as per 2015 Census: 675,950
- Populaton of Cagayan de Oro City as per 2010 Census: 602,088
- Registered voters of Cagayan de Oro City as of 2010 per Comelec: 287,025
The people of Cagayan de Oro are fluent in many languages. English is widely used in government, the academic community, and business written communication. The conversational language of the city is Bisaya. The Filipino national language is also widely spoken by the population of Cagayan de Oro City. There are several other ethnic dialects spoken in the city.
Majority of the people in Cagayan de Oro speak Cebuano (also called Bisaya), although most residents understand Tagalog. The national language of the Philippines is Filipino and all students in elementary and high schools in CDO take classes in Filipino. Most government employees and business people have good command of the English language.
People from Cagayan de Oro are called Cagay-anons.
The Sangguniang Panlungsod is composed of the City (Municipality) Vice-Mayor as Presiding Officer, regular Sanggunian members (Councilors), the President of the Association of Barangay Captains and the President of the Sangguniang Kabataan.
They shall exercise and perform the legislative powers and duties as provided for under Republic Act No. 7160, otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991. Shall consider and conduct thorough study all matters brought to their attention and consequently pass resolutions, enact ordinances and to introduce recommendations.
Budget of Municipalities and Cities: The Philippine budget formulation system is not centralized. It has been decentralized since 1991. It is the responsibility of each LGU to submit their budgetary needs for review. Failure to submit is the problem. "IMPERIAL MANILA IS A MYTH!".
- Absolutely NO need for FEDERALISM. It is a ploy to give the Bangsamoro an Islamic State and finance the religion of Islam. It violates the constitution's "separation of church and state". We need a representation of a MINIMUM of one SENATOR per REGION..
- Contrary to Pres. Duterte's ranting (July 2019): Elected public officials can't be suspended by the DILG or the office of the president unless an official complaint has been filed. Republic Act 7160 chapter 4.
- Elected City Officials of Cagayan de Oro City for the term of 2019-2022
- City Mayor: Oscar Seriña Moreno
- City Vice-Mayor: Raineir Joaquin Velez Uy
- Councilors of Cagayan de Oro:
- Enrico Dael Salcedo
- Zaldy Orpanil Ocon
- Lordan Gualberto Suan
- Jocelyn Bautista Rodriguez
- Maria Lourdes Seriña Gaane
- Romeo Villalon Calizo
- George Gualberto Sio Goking
- Joyleen Mercedes Labis Balaba
- Jay Roa Pascual
- Ian Mark Quiblat Nacaya
- Edna Marban Dahino
- Suzette Magtajas Daba
- Edgar Salcedo Cabanlas
- Roger Gabatan Abaday
- Reuben Roa Daba
- Teodulfo Escalera Lao
- Elected City Officials of Cagayan de Oro City for the term of 2016-2019
- Mayor of Cagayan de Oro City: Oscar Seriña Moreno
- Vice Mayor of Cagayan de Oro City: Raineir Joaquin Uy
- Congressman of Cagayan de Oro City, 1st District: Rolando Uy
- Congressman of Cagayan de Oro City, 2nd District: Maximo Rodriguez JR.
- Councilors - 1st District:
- Zaldy Ocon
- Lordan Suan
- Inday Dahino
- Jay Pascual
- Gen Calizo
- George Goking
- Annie Daba
- Reuben Daba
- Councilors - 2nd District:
- Nadya Emano
- Maria Lourdes Gaane
- Jun Acenas
- Ian Nacaya
- Leon Gan Jr.
- Bong Lao
- Suzette Magtajas-daba
- Eric Salcedo
- Elected City Officials of Cagayan de Oro City for the term of 2013-2016
- Mayor of Cagayan de Oro City: Oscar Seriña Moreno - LIBERAL PARTY
- Vice Mayor of Cagayan de Oro City: Caesar Ian E. Acenas - NACIONALISTA PARTY
- Congressman of Cagayan de Oro City, 1st District:
- UY, KLAREX - LIBERAL PARTY
- Congressman of Cagayan de Oro City, 2nd District:
- Rufus B. Rodriguez - CENTRIST DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF THE PHILS.
- Councilors - 1st District
- DARIMBANG, CANDY (LP) LIBERAL PARTY 37228 8.93%
- OCON, ZALDY (LP) LIBERAL PARTY 31012 7.44%
- ABADAY, ROGER (PDP) PARTIDO DEMOKRATIKO PILIPINO LAKAS NG BAYAN 29876 7.16%
- DABA, ANNIE (NP) NACIONALISTA PARTY 29742 7.13%
- DAHINO, INDAY (NP) NACIONALISTA PARTY 29296 7.03%
- PAJO, DANTE (NP) NACIONALISTA PARTY 26537 6.36%
- BACAL, ALDEN (NP) NACIONALISTA PARTY 24804 5.95%
- BARBA, ADDIE (NP) NACIONALISTA PARTY 24768 5.94%
- Councilors - 2nd District
- TABOR, RAMON (UNA) UNITED NATIONALIST ALLIANCE 41497 7.75%
- LAO, BONG (LP) LIBERAL PARTY 39254 7.33%
- EMANO, NADYA (UNA) UNITED NATIONALIST ALLIANCE 38814 7.25%
- GAN, LEON JR. (UNA) UNITED NATIONALIST ALLIANCE 37036 6.92%
- DACER, ALEX (UNA) UNITED NATIONALIST ALLIANCE 35151 6.56%
- SALCEDO, ERIC (LP) LIBERAL PARTY 35068 6.55%
- ACENAS, JUN INDEPENDENT 34215 6.39%
- ELIPE, PRESIDENT (UNA) UNITED NATIONALIST ALLIANCE 32551 6.08%
- Elected City Officials of Cagayan de Oro City for the term of 2010-2013
- Mayor of Cagayan de Oro City: Vicente Y. Emano
- Vice Mayor of Cagayan de Oro City: Caesar Ian E. Acenas
- Congressman of Cagayan de Oro City, 1st District
- Congressman of Cagayan de Oro City, 2nd District
- Councilors - 1st District
- Councilors - 2nd District
- Sk Federation President
This is the.
- Every Government Unit in the Philippines is within a Barangay. The municipal hall, city hall, the provincial capitol building, and even the Malacañang Palace where the president resides is within a Barangay.
The barangay has power and authority over its domain. The improvement of the barangay rests on the barangay officials. The barangay chairman, the barangay council and the local businessmen forge the prosperity of the barangay. Not the president of the Philippines, senate, nor congress. Not the governor of the province, not the mayor nor council of the municipality or city. Poor barangays stay poor because of weak and/or ignorant(uninformed) barangay leaders.
When roads or any infrastructure need to be built, improved or repaired, all the barangay officials have to do is make a resolution and present it to the city or municipality council. The resolution will force the city/municipal council or responsible government office to hear the legitimate demands. "The squeaky wheel gets the grease."
- Each city or municipality is represented by the "barangay association or federation". The elected president of the Association of Barangay Council and the President of Kabataan (SK) association each have a seat in the City/Municipality council. Their powers are the same and equal to the elected city/municipality councilors. They are there to help lobby the demands of the barangays. They are not there just to collect a big salary and rub elbows with the regular elected city/municipality council, but to also represent the needs of the barangays.
- The duties of the barangay officials are specifically written in Chapter III(Punong Barangay) and Chapter IV (The Sangguniang Barangay). Read it..
Practically anything that has to do with the barangay, the barangay officials have a say on it and most likely the authority over it. The majority of the barangay officials are not aware of their duties and power. They depend on the city council or mayor. The elected barangay officials are afraid of the mayor and city/municipality's "Sangguniang Panlungsod". They are in fear of being ousted or removed from office. The truth is, the "Sangguniang Panlungsod" does not have the power to remove or suspend any elected barangay officials from office. Only the COURT OF LAW can do this (judicial branch of the government). Elected public officials can't be suspended by the DILG or the office of the president unless an official complaint has been filed, there must be proof and there must be due process. Republic Act 7160 chapter 4, Section 60. Information is power. Be informed. Do not be intimidated by the president, senator, congressman, governor, mayor, vice-mayor, or councilors. Do your job.
The control of traffic is not up to the city council or chief of police. It is controlled by the barangay. If the barangay needs traffic enforcers, the barangay can make a resolution to demand it from the city or municipality council. When the electric coop or the water district do not maintain their lines, the barangay can directly demand for the maintenance from the utility companies. No need to wait for city council.
The citizens also has the power to make demands to the barangay officials. In case the officials get blinded. Simply file an official complaint with the barangay secretary naming the Punong barangay as the respondent representing the barangay.
- If the power lines are sagging, don't go to the power company, go to the barangay office. Ask the barangay for a DEMAND resolution against the power company.
- If the water lines are busted, don't wait for the water company, go to the barangay office. Ask the barangay for a DEMAND resolution against the water company.
- If the potholes in the road are not fixed, don't wait for the The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), go to the barangay office. Ask the barangay for a DEMAND resolution against the DPWH.
- Are you beginning to get the point?
Cleaning the shorelines, drainage systems, streets, rivers, and parks within your barangay is YOUR responsibility. You are accountable for this. It is not the responsibility of the City/Municipality officials. The citizens and officials of the barangay are responsible. Stop blaming others.
- BUDGET: As far as the preparation for the budget expenditures, it starts at the barangay level, then moves on to cities, municipalities, provinces and regions. The barangays need to exercise their authority. They need to put their yearly budget together for their administration and future projects. The majority of the barangays leave this job to the municipality and city. This is so wrong. Then when the budget doesn't come or is lacking, they complain.
- The budget for the barangays does go to the City or Municipality, but simply for holding and later distribution. The city or municipality DOES NOT approve the budget. It was already approved by congress. The city or municipality simply "distributes" the approved budget.
- The bureau of internal revenue is in cahoots to subdue the barangays, municipalities and provinces. They call the rightful shares to the taxes collected as "Internal Revenue Allotment Dependency". It is not a dependency. It is the lawful and rightful share of the LGU as specified in "TITLE III, SHARES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS IN THE PROCEEDS OF NATIONAL TAXES, CHAPTER I, Allotment of Internal Revenue Taxes, Section 284."
- "IMPERIAL MANILA IS A MYTH!", it does not exist anymore. The Philippine budget formulation system is not centralized. . It is the responsibility of each LGU to submit their budgetary needs for review. Failure to submit is the problem.
- DURING ELECTIONS: Where do City and Municipality politicians go to campaign? They seek the support of the Barangay officials. They plead to the barangay folks for the votes. Even the candidate for president. But after the election they ignore you. Do not ever forget the power of the barangay.
Ignorance keeps the pinoys thinking that Manila rules. Be informed, be educated and make your barangay prosper.
- Absolutely NO need for FEDERALISM. It is a ploy to give the Bangsamoro an Islamic State where the religion of . Bangsamoro will be a HOMELAND not for all Filipinos but for only the Muslim Filipinos. It violates the constitution's "separation of church and state". Religion is always good for the people but it should never be embraced or financed by government. Tax exemption is not tantamount to financing. Every non-profit organization is tax-exempt.
Businesses in Cagayan de Oro City, Province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines
- How to Improve Your Business and Livelihood
The Philippine Livelihood Program: The Philippine government provides several programs to enhance the livelihood of the Filipino people. The department of Science and Technology through its Technology Research Center (TRC) regurlarly conducts various types of hands-on and personalized training programs.
- DOST - Website
- UPLiFT stands for Urban Program for Livelihood Finance and Training. - Website
- DSWD Pro-poor and Livelihood Programs - Website
Take a picture of your Business (from a Sari-Sari Store to a Mega Mall). Upload that picture here in zamboanga.com and that picture can immediately be your business webpage. It is that easy. Here are two examples of how a picture becomes the webpage of the business: Julies Bakeshop and Monterey Meatshop
- Give your business a good description. Add your address and contact number if available.
- Businesses in Cagayan de Oro
- Auto, Trucks, Motorcycle and Bicycle dealers
- Banks, Lending Firms, Pawnshops, and Financial Institutions
- Clinics, Veterinary Clinics and Hospitals, Health Care Centers in Cagayan de Oro
- Pharmacies, Drug Stores, Agri-Vets
- Convenient Stores, Hardware and Supplies, General Stores, Sari-Sari Stores
- Department Stores and Appliance Stores
- Supermarket, wet market, Fish Markets
- Hotels, Motels, Pension Houses, Boarding houses, Resorts, Country Clubs
- Repair Shops: Shoe repair, Cellphone, Bikes, etc...
- Restaurants, Carenderias, Coffee Shops, and Bakeries (Bakeshops), Catering Services
- Salons, Spas, Beauty Shops and Barber Shops
- Gas Stations, Water Stations, Propane Stations
Cagayan de Oro is a veritable goldmine for those in search of new tourist and investment destination.
The city has a reservoir of advantages: no typhoons all year round, rich agricultural environments, a broad consumer and manpower base, cheap and abundant power, strategically located internation seaports, modern telecommunication facilities, adequate infrastructure and a highly efficient educational system.As the trade and service center of Northern Mindanao, the city is a prime location for cost-effective air, land and sea transit. Moreover, its striving business community and the necessary business support facilities makes the process of doing business relaxed and pleasurable.
The soundness of the Cagayan de Oro business climate as well as its metropolitan flavor combined with the warm and easy nature of the local people gives it a self-contained setting that motivated an increasing number expatriate business to stay in the city for good.
As an urban center with a regional market orientation, a high level of market sophistication and an economy closely intertwined with the economies of the entire region, the city is poised for planned, rapid and sustained growth.
- article from the city of Cagayan de Oro.
- Cagayan de Oro City Realty
- If you have real estate property for sale in Cagayan de Oro City, you can list that property for free. Click to VIEW, EDIT, or ADD Realty Listings.
- You can list your House and lot or farm land for sale or lease for free here.
- If you are a real estate developer, you can list your subdivision, condominiums, high rises, apartment complexes, shopping strips or malls, and open market developments for Free.
Churches, Mosques, or Places of Worship in Cagayan de Oro City, Province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines
The name of your church, mosque, or place of worship can be listed in this community page. Take a picture of the facade of your church or place of worship and it can be posted here. We can even provide you with a free webpage. You can enter the data (story about your place of worship) here yourself, email the information or pictures to (firstname.lastname@example.org) or via.
- FILIPINOS WAKE UP! THE TAXES YOU PAID ARE USED BY THE GOVERNMENT TO EXCLUSIVELY FINANCE THE RELIGION OF ISLAM.
Freedom of religion, yes. Equality, yes. But no favoritism.
Schools in Cagayan de Oro City, Province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines
- Take a picture of your school building(s) and send your pictures via email to (email@example.com) or message me via . I will then post the pictures in this page.
Due to Covid19: Pursuant to the instructions of President Roa Duterte, and as recommended by the DepEd, classes for the year 2021-2022 will be opened but will be monitored.
- List of schools: >>> click
PUBLIC NOTICE: Why pretend that the National language of the Philippines is Tagalog? It should be English. To be a Teacher, doctor, lawyer, engineer, architect, nurse, computer technician; what books do you learn from? English books of course. All your tests are in English. The constitution of the Philippines is written in English. All the laws and new laws introduced by congress are in English. For that matter, you can't be a teacher in a school system unless you know English. The "Licensure Exam for Teachers" is in ENGLISH! Who are these people forcing Tagalog down our throats? Tagalog is simply one of the many dialects of the Philippines. Keep your dialects but learn and be fluent and proficient in ENGLISH.
The name of your school in Cagayan de Oro City can be listed here. You can list it like this:
- Name of School. Private or Public. It can be an elementary school, high school, college.
- Address of your school
- Telephone Number
- Principal of the school
You can also create a webpage for your school. We can help you.
Economy of Cagayan de Oro City, Province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines
- If you have an article that talk about the improvement of the economy of Cagayan de Oro City you can post that article here. If you come across any news item that talks about the economy of Cagayan de Oro City, you may post it here. Of course you have to reference the writer of the article. Any improvement to transportation, power and service usually improves the economy of the community, so go ahead and report that too.
If you have a job available and that job is within Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines, you may post it here.
Remember to be as descriptive as possible and to post your Company name, Contact person, physical address, email address and Phone number.
Post expiration of Job Application. Go ahead and Click to Insert your job offer in the "Jobs in Cagayan de Oro City" page.
Natural Resources of Cagayan de Oro City, Province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines
- Protect the environment
It is sad but true that as of the year 2012 the rivers of the Philippines continue to be the #1 Sewer Systems of the Philippines.
Protect & Save the Rivers. Do not let your sewer drain into the river. Your community can be the first to initiate this project.
Build your riverbank protection with a built-in gutter system. Reforest within Ten Years - Guaranteed!
Let us plant more trees in every barangay in the entire Philippines. It does not make any difference if the barangay is urban, partially urban or rural; we need more trees. Trees will prevent erosion, provide oxygen, prevent green house effect, and even a place of business for the shade tree mechanic.
The Philippines is a tropical country and practically anything will grow. The DENR has the planting trees project that goes on every year. Lots of picture taking for the media. Planting trees one by one is the "human" way of doing it. This individual planting of trees is good if done to "line" the roads and highways with trees or along fences or property divisions, or if you have a plantation.
To reforest the nation of the Philippines we have to plant trees the "mother nature" way. Sow the seeds during the rainy season. Go deep into "bald" forests and plant trees by sowing seeds. If there's not enough volunteers to do this, use the military helicopters to fly over the designated areas and sow the seeds.
Guaranteed within a few years, The Philippines will be lush again. >>Read More
We are using our rivers as our sewer system. If you ask a Filipino, "Are the Filipinos a clean people?" The answer is an automatic, "Yes!". However, the Filipinos are suffering from the same disease or attitude as most people do, and that is the "NIMBY" disease or "NIMBY" attitude. (NIMBY) Not In My Back Yard. So it is OK to dump my garbage and sewer there. Not mine! Someone else will take care of it.
This attitude is killing our rivers. Your great-grandparents, grandparents or parents were once proud to tell the stories of how they enjoyed swimming in the river behind your house or nearby. However, you can't say the same or tell the same stories to your kids or grand kids. Why? Because your generation is killing the river.
- Secretary Roy Cimatu - since May 8, 2017
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources
- Visayas Avenue, Diliman, 1100 Quezon City, Philippines
We have so much water in the Philippines and yet very little to drink.
Instead of relying too much on Diesel fuel and Coal to generate the majority of Philippine's Electrical energy Supply, we can concentrate more on renewable and sustainable source of energy such as: Hydro Power, Solar Power, and Wind Power and thermal energy conversion. We have too many black outs.
Tourists Attractions of Cagayan de Oro City, Province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines
- Help us add some of the tourist attractions of Cagayan de Oro City in Z-wiki. This will help boost the local economy of Cagayan de Oro City. Anything that is unique or anything that stands out in your community may be a tourist attraction.
- Landmarks are usually photographed a lot by visitors. Post the Cagayan de Oro City landmarks here.
- Cagayan de Oro has the best White Water Rafting in the Philippines.
Festivals, Fiestas and Traditions of Cagayan de Oro City, Misamis Oriental, Philippines
Every city has some sort of a festival or tradition that is celebrated every year. In the Philippines almost all barangays that are predominantly populated by Christians celebrate fiesta. Tell us about the festivals, fiestas and traditions of Cagayan de Oro City.
Your Story about Cagayan de Oro City, Misamis Oriental, Philippines
Create you own personal page about the barangay in the municipality or City you live in. Title it like so for specificity: "Mybarangay, MyCityMunicipality, Myprovince, Philippines by MyFirstname Mylastname". You can update and edit this page anytime and anyway you want. It does not have to follow the standard format of the main wiki. It is your page. A link to your page will be inserted in this main barangay page. Here is an example page.
If you want the tittle to be more generic then do this: "Philippines by Your name". You can insert your picture of anywhere in the Philippines in this page. This will be your personal WIKI social media page.
You can talk about your personal experiences, your advocacies, the environmental conditions of your barangay, municipality, city or province.
The oldest man or woman in Cagayan de Oro City, Misamis Oriental, Philippines
Do you know who the oldest man or woman is in your community of Cagayan de Oro City? Zamboanga.com is starting this inquiry in order to honor the older generation of the Philippines. Please provide the full name and date of birth of the elder living in Cagayan de Oro City. We will then post your entry in the Oldest Man or Woman in the Philippines page.
Cagayan de Oro City, Province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines supports Philippine Cycling
Philippine Cycling is about cycling in the Philippnes. Philippine Cycling helps promote bike races, cycling clubs, bicycle tours, and the development of bicycle trails. Activities are coordinated with bike shops and cycling clubs throughout the Philippines to promote the fun of riding bikes. Philippine Cycling will be coordinating events with tour of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. Road biking and mountain bikings will be promoted by Philippine Cycling.
Cycling Activity to Participate In
Your cycling activity can be posted here and it will be shown in all the Provincial, City, Municipal and Barangay pages. Your 2015 Cycling Race or Activity can be Posted here.
- ILOILO CITY, April 27-May 2, 2015 (PNA) – Some 5,000 bikers are expected to join the second Iloilo Bike Festival slated April 27-May 2, 2015 as the city continues to aspire to become a bike-able walkable metropolis. The activity that supported by the John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University (JBLFMU) and Megaworld Iloilo aims to promote Iloilo as a safe and bike friendly city, promote the share-a-road movement encourage Ilonggos to commute via biking and raise Ilonggos awareness on the benefits of biking on health, safety and environment concerns. Read More....
- CYCLING Le Tour de Filipinas 2015 set as country celebrates 60 years of top-caliber cycling Feb 1 to Feb 4 2015 - View the result of the race: A four stage race. Stage 1 starts in Balanga and back to Balanga for a 126K race Feb 1, 2015 (Sunday); stage 2 starts in Balanga, Bataan to Iba, Zambales for a 154.7 K race Feb 2, 2015 (Monday); stage 3 starts in Iba, Zambales to Lingayen, Pangasinan for a 150.1K race Feb 3, 2015 (Tuesday); stage 4 starts in Lingayen, Pangasinan to Baguio City, Benguet for a 101.7K race Feb 4, 2015 (Wednesday). For a total distance of 532.5 Kms. Read More >>>
- Ronda Pilipinas: Feb 8 - 27 2015:>> Discovering young riders for the national team will be the main objective of the LBC Ronda Pilipinas 2015 when the country’s premiere cycling race hits the road on Feb. 8 in Butuan City. Ronda Pilipinas executive project director Moe Chulani said the international multistage bikathon, which ends on Feb. 27, will have two qualifying legs of four stages each in Mindanao and the Visayas where the top riders will advance to face a tough foreign challenge in the six-stage Luzon finale. Read More>>>
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- Copy and paste the code below in "GREEN" to the body or "Summary" of the image file that you are uploading.
[[Category:Cagayan de Oro City, Misamis Oriental, Philippines Photo Gallery]]
[[Category:Misamis Oriental, Philippines Photo Gallery]]
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Most of the contents in this site are from registered user collaborations. Information has also been taken from the Department of Tourism, Comelec, National Statistical Coordination Board, DILG: Department of the Interior and Local Government, (LGU) government sites, online news, and other content sites about the specific community. This page does not serve as the official website of the community but rather compliments and helps the community to promote tourism and attract investors.
This is an interactive and collaborative webpage, meant to help promote this community and showcase it to the world via the internet.
This wiki page follows a format. The editor of this wiki page reserves the right to change formats, edit, or delete entries that may be considered as offensive, vulgar or not for the betterment of this wiki page. | <urn:uuid:8d9d69cc-3ce7-4dcd-9dcc-43e07a178a63> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.zamboanga.com/z/index.php?title=Template:Cagayan_De_Oro_City | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.887282 | 9,176 | 2.21875 | 2 |
A protectionist move that is bad politics, bad economics, bad diplomacy and hurts America. Did we miss anything?
YOU can be fairly sure that when a government slips an announcement out at nine o'clock on a Friday night, it is not proud of what it is doing. That is one of the only things that makes sense about Barack Obama's decision to break a commitment he, along with other G20 leaders, reaffirmed last April: to avoid protectionist measures at a time of great economic peril. In every other way the president's decision to slap a 35% tariff on imported Chinese tyres looks like a colossal blunder, confirming his critics' worst fears about the president's inability to stand up to his party's special interests and stick to the centre ground he promised to occupy in office.
This newspaper endorsed Mr Obama at last year's election (see article) in part because he had surrounded himself with enough intelligent centrists. We also said that the eventual success of his presidency would be based on two things: resuscitating the world economy; and bringing the new emerging powers into the Western order. He has now hurt both objectives.
Last year the fear was that Mr Obama would give in to enormous protectionist pressure from Congress. By introducing the levy, Mr Obama has pandered to a single union, one that does not even represent a majority of American tyre-industry workers, and he has done so against the interests of everyone else (see article). America's tyre-makers, who have more or less given up making low-end tyres at home in favour of importing them (often from joint-ventures in guess where) declined to support the application for import “relief”. Consumers will have to pay more. The motor and garage trades will be harmed. And no one can seriously imagine that any American tyre-making job will be saved; firms will simply import cheap tyres from other low-cost places like India and Brazil.
One might argue that these tariffs don't matter much. They apply, after all, only to imports worth a couple of billion dollars last year, hardly the stuff of a great trade war. China is incandescent with rage; but China is a master of theatrical overreaction. Its actual response so far has been the minor one of announcing an anti-dumping investigation into American chicken and car-parts exports. The whole affair might blow over, much as did the furore surrounding George Bush's selective steel tariffs (much worse ones than Mr Obama's on tyres) back in 2002. Presidents, after all, sometimes have to throw a bit of red meat to their supporters: Mr Obama needs to keep the unions on side to help his health-reform bill.
That view seems naive. It is not just that workers in all sorts of other industries that have suffered at the hands of Chinese competitors will now be emboldened to seek the same kind of protection from a president who has given in to the unions at the first opportunity. The tyre decision needs to be set into the context of a string of ominously protectionist policies which started within weeks of the inauguration with a nasty set of “Buy America” provisions for public-works contracts. The president watered these down a bit, but was not brave enough to veto. Next, the president stayed silent as Congress shut down a project that was meant to lead to the opening of the border to Mexican trucks, something promised in the NAFTA agreement of 1994. Besides these sins of commission sit the sins of omission: the president has done nothing at all to advance the three free-trade packages that are pending in Congress, with Colombia, Panama and South Korea, three solid American allies who deserve much better. And much more serious than that, because it affects the whole world, is his failure to put anything worthwhile on the table to help revive the moribund Doha round of trade talks. Mr Bush's tariffs, like the Reagan-era export restraints on Japanese cars and semiconductors, came from a president who was fundamentally committed to free trade. Mr Obama's, it seems, do not.
America is needed to lead. The global trading system has many enemies, but in recent times the man in the White House could be counted as its main champion. As the driver of the world's great opening, America has gained hugely in terms of power and prestige, but the extraordinary burst of growth that globalisation has triggered has also lifted hundreds of millions out of poverty over the past few decades and brought lower prices to consumers everywhere. The global recession threatens to undo some of that, as country after country is tempted to subsidise here and protect there. World trade is likely to slump by 10% in 2009, and a report from the London-based Global Trade Alert claimed this week that, on average, a G20 member has broken the no-protectionism pledge once every three days since it was made. For Mr Obama now to take up the no-protection cause at the G20's forthcoming meeting in Pittsburgh would, alas, be laughable. But if America does not set an example, no one else is likely to.
Dumb and dumber
Nor is the potential fallout from Mr Obama's wrongheaded decision limited to trade. Evidence of a weak president being pushed leftward might cause investors to worry whether he will prove similarly feeble when it comes to reining in the vast deficits he is now racking up; and that might spook the buyers of bonds that finance all those deficits. Looming large among these, of course, are the Chinese. Deteriorating trade relations between the world's number one debtor and its number one creditor are enough to keep any banker awake at night.
And America needs China for a lot more than T-bonds. Any hope of securing a climate-change agreement at Copenhagen in December on a successor treaty to Kyoto will require close co-operation between America and China. So does the work of negotiating with North Korea on its nuclear weapons. And as for Iran, where America is keen to seek a fresh round of UN sanctions in the hope of forcing it to scrap its nuclear programme, China holds a power of veto at the Security Council. Under the relevant trade laws, Mr Obama had the absolute discretion not to impose the recommended tyre tariffs on the grounds of overall economic interest or national security. Given everything that is at stake, his decision not to exercise it amounts to an act of vandalism.
Correction: the report referred to in the sixth paragraph is the work of Global Trade Alert not the World Trade Alliance. This was corrected on September 18th 2009.
This article appeared in the Leaders section of the print edition under the headline "Economic vandalism"
From the September 19th 2009 edition
Discover stories from this section and more in the list of contentsExplore the edition
It pays to ask for help early and often
Less starry-eyed policies on security and energy should help it lead Europe
It is becoming ever harder | <urn:uuid:5b0a1bed-bad3-4f1c-93c9-151cb96b447a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.economist.com/leaders/2009/09/17/economic-vandalism | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965995 | 1,418 | 1.632813 | 2 |
"person of mixed blood in America and Asia," 1748, perhaps from Spanish zambo "bandy-legged," which is probably from Latin scambus "bow-legged," from Greek skambos "bow-legged, crooked, bent." The word was used variously in different regions to indicate some mixture of African, European, and Indian blood; common senses were "child of black and Indian parentage" and "offspring of a black and a mulatto."
a stereotypical name for male black person (now only derogatory), 1818, American English, and probably a different word from sambo (n.1); like many such words (Cuffy, Rastus, etc.) a common personal name among U.S. blacks in the slavery days (attested by 1704 in Boston), probably from an African source, such as Foulah sambo "uncle," or a similar Hausa word meaning "second son."
It fell from polite usage about the time of World War II, eventually taking with it, after the 1970s, the once-enormously popular children's book "The Story of Little Black Sambo" by Helen Bannerman, which is about an East Indian child, and the widespread Sambo's chain of U.S. pancake-specialty restaurants (founded in 1957; the name supposedly a merge of the names of the founders, Sam Battistone and Newell "Bo" Bohnett, but the chain's decor and advertising leaned heavily on the book).
updated on December 06, 2021 | <urn:uuid:4c21e6e4-a7e1-4324-92c0-82a7f08932cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.etymonline.com/word/sambo?ref=etymonline_crossreference | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.953189 | 335 | 3.296875 | 3 |
A dental abscess is no fun. You may not know you have one, but you’ll surely know that something is wrong when you do.
How does an abscess form? It all begins when unwelcome bacteria take hold in the mouth, often due to lapsed oral care. Dental decay can extend deep into the pulp of the tooth, where the blood supply and nerves of a tooth are located.
Bacteria then enter the gums or jawbone and encourage the formation of a pocket of pus at the base of a tooth (apologies if the word makes you squeamish).
Symptoms of a dental abscess
A dental abscess is often exquisitely painful. The pain is caused by swelling and inflammation within the pocket of pus, and your immune system’s response to the infection. The area of the gum involved is usually red and swollen, making it difficult to eat or even talk. Sometimes the pain and swelling extend beyond the gum to the face or neck.
Why is an abscessed tooth a concern? The biggest risk is that the abscess will spread beyond the gums to the jawbone or other structures. Signs of such spread could include facial swelling, redness, headache, or a fever.
Can a tooth abscess heal without treatment?
An abscessed tooth requires speedy treatment to limit the spread of infection to the deeper gum tissue or jawbone. Rarely, infection from a dental abscess can enter the bloodstream and cause a life-threatening infection. This is more common in people with a suppressed immune system and those who don’t seek treatment.
An abscess will not heal on its own. Instead, it will worsen over time without treatment. Depending on the cause, treatment might include a root canal to clean out the infected tooth and remove the pulp where the nerves are. In some cases, root canal therapy will cure the abscess without removing the tooth. If that’s not possible, tooth extraction is the only option. But before treatment, you’ll need antibiotics to calm the infection and inflammation.
Once the swelling, pain, and underlying infection have died down, a dentist or dental surgeon can commence with the appropriate treatment. If antibiotics and treatment are delayed, bacteria and inflammation can spread to the bone that supports the tooth. This is called a periapical abscess and needs treatment, as it won’t resolve on its own.
What to do if you suspect a tooth abscess
If you have tooth or gum pain, swelling, or redness, see your dentist immediately. Home treatments to stop the pain won’t correct the underlying infection. Although antibiotics temporarily suppress the infection, it will recur unless root canal therapy or extraction removes the source.
How to prevent a dental abscess
It’s always best to prevent a dental abscess, since it can lead to loss of a tooth. How can you avoid an abscessed tooth? Practice good dental hygiene by brushing and flossing your teeth twice per day (you’ve heard this before). Use a toothpaste that contains fluoride, since it helps mineral-ize your teeth and lower the risk of tooth decay. That’s important since deep tooth decay is the most common cause of an abscessed tooth.
See your dentist (us) regularly, too. With consistent brushing and flossing, you remove plaque that contributes to dental decay and gum disease, but you can’t remove hardened deposits of plaque called tartar. When tartar builds up, it irritates the gum line and contributes to gum disease (gingivitis) and dental decay. That is where your dentist comes in — to get rid of the tough stuff.
The bottom line on an abscess
Dental abscesses are painful and can lead to the loss of a tooth. Do what you can to prevent them by practicing good oral hygiene and visiting your dentist regularly. If you have symptoms of an abscessed tooth, get therapy as quickly as possible.
See you at your next checkup!
“Tooth abscess – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic.” 01 Mar. 2019, mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tooth-abscess/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350907.
Shweta, Prakash SK. Dental abscess: A microbiological review. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2013 Sep;10(5):585-91. PMID: 24348613; PMCID: PMC3858730.
Sanders JL, Houck RC. Dental Abscess. [Updated 2021 Jul 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493149/
“Dental Abscess Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies ….” 22 Jan. 2019, //emedicine.medscape.com/article/909373-workup. | <urn:uuid:8e2b48ff-1271-4d71-90dd-9eec6786e0ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hindinblog.readournews.com/can-a-tooth-abscess-heal-on-its-own/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.912907 | 1,055 | 3.625 | 4 |
Content Marketing Manager
Seattle, Washington /
Marketing and Communications – Marketing /
Our mission is simple: Make reforestation scalable to mitigate the worst effects of climate change. Trees are highly effective at carbon removal, but scaling reforestation has significant obstacles--and that gets our team fired up about how we can build solutions using technology. We’ve built DroneSeed, and acquired and combined it with 130-year-old Silvaseed to be a one-stop-shop for reforestation and remove obstacles at each of four steps:
- Seed. Natural regeneration after wildfire is in decline due to climate change resulting in larger fires of higher severity. These factors eliminate seed stored in the soil for regeneration. This creates challenges for seed supply. To respond we’ve expanded Silvaseed to become the largest private seed bank in the west and the first call for land managers affected by fire.
- Grow space. There’s not enough nursery greenhouse capacity to grow seedlings (link). We’re currently growing millions of seedlings per year at Silvaseed and, while we’re doubling that output, we’re creating a replicable method to scale further.
- Better tools for labor. We need better tools to accomplish more reforestation faster. DroneSeed is utilizing heavy lift drone swarms to deliver seed vessels after wildfire and boost seed establishment in combination with seedlings that are interplanted later.
- Finance. For the last 20 years, carbon offsets haven’t provided capital for the high-up front costs of reforestation. Landowners have had to rely on limited grant funding. Repayment periods were 25 years or more and reforestation projects were exceedingly rare. That changed two years ago when third-party certifier Climate Action Reserve (CAR) announced the Climate Forward protocol to conservatively forecast the carbon tonne removals as reforested trees grow. DroneSeed is developing one of the first projects using this protocol. This and future projects following the protocol will be protected by legal easements on replanted and re-seeded land, monitored by state-accredited land trusts, and have insurance buffer pools in place in case fire occurs again. Under the CAR protocol, DroneSeed is generating the most transparent, highest-quality forestry-based carbon offsets on the market from reforestation projects.
We need to overcome these four reforestation challenges to build back--even a fraction of--the forests we lose from wildfires every year. That's why we set out to build a model to make reforestation scaleable, which requires expanding the supply chain systems and financial flywheels behind them. That is the mission: make reforestation scalable to mitigate the worst effects of climate change.
DroneSeed HQ: Ballard Brewery District, Seattle, WA
Silvaseed HQ: Roy, WA
Team Size: ~100
Leadership Team: Grant Canary (CEO), Ben Reilly (CTO), John Hall (VP Ops & Finance), Cassie Meigs (Director of Account Management), Matthew Aghai (Senior Director of Bio R&D), Arnoud de Villegas (Senior Director of Business Development), Katherine Wong-Velasco (Director of Talent Acquisition) and Mary Caroline Pruitt (Senior Director of Marketing & Communications)
Notable Investors: Marc Tarpenning co-founder Tesla, Tobi Lutke CEO Shopify, Alexis Ohanian co-founder Reddit, Marc Benioff, Court Lorenzini 1st CEO DocuSign
Revenue: Data will be shared with qualified candidates
Clients: 3 of 5 largest timber companies, Non-profits such as The Nature Conservancy, Tribal Nations, state and federal agencies, small family forests
What You’ll Be Doing:
You will be responsible for developing and carrying out our content strategy and narrative. This includes developing and producing all content to support our marketing, comms, and company-wide objectives and cross-functional needs.
This role will start as a contract role with the potential to grow into a full time role. Location: Seattle is preferred, but we're open to remote for the right candidate.
- Create content strategy and lead the day-to-day management of content across all channels including website, blog, social media, newsletters and more.
- Develop and maintain a content marketing calendar, collaborating with cross functional teams to ensure editorial is supporting overall business objectives.
- Create compelling and informative marketing material that can speak to a variety of audiences from landowners to foresters to offsets buyers.
- Develop and execute proactive campaigns, constantly testing new strategies and ideas to see what sticks and what doesn’t.
- Develop and drive strategy for brand partnerships and storytelling through content.
- Produce all content materials for the company in different formats (digital, print, photo, video).
- Organize, maintain, and expand content/asset library, editing existing photo/video content and adding new creative assets to be leveraged externally and internally.
- Oversee social media strategy and agency for monitoring and consistent posting.
- 5+ years marketing communications experience with 2+ focused on content marketing.
- Agency experience preferred but not required.
- Extensive experience in producing content in a variety of mediums (digital, print, photo, video).
- Creative and strategic mindset.
- Experienced in measuring and optimizing on content through online tools such as Google Analytics and Hubspot.
- Exceptional writing, speaking and proofreading skills.
- Editorial mindset that understands how to use content to reach audiences.
- Basic SEO understanding, content categorization and structure, content development, distribution and measurement.
- Experience with Salesforce, asset management, and content management tools.
- Ability to quantify ROI on content marketing efforts.
- Experience in photography and creating/editing images is a plus.
- Experience with online platforms including Adobe Creative Suite, Adobe Photoshop, Canva, and YouTube for content creation and distribution.
- Experience in producing, filming and editing videos is also a plus.
Other Information: Candidates must be eligible to work in the United States. This position may require travel domestically (US) and abroad, therefore requiring the candidate to have a US driver’s license as well as a passport and status conducive to international travel. In any application cover letter, please highlight what motivated you to reach out to DroneSeed versus other opportunities. | <urn:uuid:4cdda3ff-0418-4e23-9ba2-752360f13396> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jobs.lever.co/droneseed/a59cabb9-60a7-4b48-a67f-6e43bb56b542 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.899783 | 1,345 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Rules and Regulations for FLCs
Who Is a Farm Labor Contractor (FLC)?
The law considers the following individuals or organizations "farm labor contractors”:
- any person/legal entity who, for a fee, employs people to perform work connected to the production of farm products to, for, or under the direction of a third person
- any person/legal entity who recruits, supplies, or hires workers on behalf of someone engaged in the production of farm products and, for a fee, provides board, lodging, or transportation for those workers, or supervises, times, checks, counts, weighs, or otherwise directs or measures their work, or disburses wage payments to these persons.
Note: "Farm labor contractor" does not include a commercial packing house engaged in both the harvesting and the packing of citrus fruit or soft fruit for a client.
Every person engaged in the business of farm labor contracting licensed by the Division of Labor Standards Enforcement, must keep his/her license up-to-date, and must keep it in his/her possession (Labor Code sections 1682-1699).
Farm labor contractor obligations (Labor Code section 2810)
- Letter to Farm Labor Contractors regarding clarification of sexual harassment prevention training requirements (April 2019)
- Letter to Farm Labor Contractors regarding sexual harassment prevention training responsibilities per SB 295 and update to continuing education topics (March 2018)
- Letter to Farm Labor Contractors regarding updated training requirements and FLC verification in SB 1087 (May 2015)
- Sexual harassment prevention training by year:
- 2020 employees trained 246,872
- 2021 employees trained 630,234
- 2022 employees trained 288,060
- Information regarding the farm labor contractor continuing education requirements (Dec. 2014)
- Regulating Wages, Hours, and Working Conditions in the Agricultural Occupations (IWC Order 14-2001):
- Minimum Wage Order (MW-2022):
- Laws Relating to the Time, Manner, and Payment of Wages (rev. 10/2013):
- Human Trafficking Notice for FLCs
- FLCs and Cannabis Cultivation, FAQ’s
- Subscribe to receive announcements
- Required postings for FLCs
- Contact us at firstname.lastname@example.org if you have any questions. | <urn:uuid:fee664d3-99d7-43d8-9ea9-abd3b55d6a58> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dir.ca.gov/dlse/Rules_and_Regulations_for_FLCs.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.889448 | 483 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Traffic Control Thermal-Aware Routing in Body Area Networks
Due to increasing developments of medical science, early detection and receiving exact information in treatment of diseases and even preventing them are very important. Body Area Networks (BANs), a subset of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), can deliver vital signs of patients to physician by collecting and analysis of patients' data and with applying different types of medical sensors. Since in-vivo sensors nodes transfer biomedical data to the neighboring nodes, produced temperature will be appeared from processing and communications in the human body. Routing protocols can have important role in balancing the temperature of sensors. In this paper, a thermal-aware routing protocol is proposed which uses two thresholds. The first threshold is used for preventing the increase of more temperature and the second threshold is used for decreasing sensor temperature. We evaluate the performance of the protocol using extensive simulations. The results of simulation show that the proposed protocol improves average temperature rise, packet delivery ratio and packet delay compared to the similar routing protocols.
Bag, A. and Bassiouni, M.A. (2007). Hotspot preventing routing algorithm for delay-sensitive biomedical sensor networks. IEEE International Conference on Portable Information Devices. Orlando, FL, USA, PORTABLE07.
Bag, A.; Bassiouni, M.A. (2006). Energy Efficient Thermal Aware Routing Algorithms for mbedded Biomedical Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems (MASS), Vancouver, BC, Canada, 9–12; pp. 604–609.
Bangash, J.I. Abdullah, AH., Anisi MH., Khan AW. (2014). A survey of routing protocols in wireless body sensor networks. Sensors, 14(1), pp. 1322-1357.
Bangash, J.I., Abdullah A.H., Razzaque, M.A. , (2015a). Critical Data Routing (CDR) for Intra Wireless Body Sensor Networks. TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control), 13(1), pp. 181-192.
Bangash, Javed I., Khan, A.W., and Abdullah, A.H. (2015b). "Data-centric routing for intra wireless body sensor networks." Journal of medical systems 39.9, 91.
Bhanumathi, V., and Sangeetha, C.P. (2017). A guide for the selection of routing protocols in WBAN for healthcare applications. Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences, 7.1, 24.
Chen, M., S. Gonzalez, A. Vasilakos, H. Cao, and V.C. Leung, (2011). Body area networks: A survey. Mobile networks and applications, 16(2), pp. 171-193.
Javaid, N., Abbas, Z., Fareed, MS., Khan, ZA., (2013). M-attempt: A new energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless body area sensor networks. Procedia Computer Science, 19, p. 224-231.
Jiang, W., Wang, Z., Feng, M. and Miao T. (2017). A Survey of Thermal-Aware Routing Protocols in Wireless Body Area Networks. IEEE International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering (CSE) and Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC), Guangzhou, China, Vol. 2. IEEE.
Kamal, R., Rahman, M.O., and Hong C.S. (2011). A lightweight temperature scheduling routing algorithm for an implanted sensor network. International Conference on ICT Convergence (ICTC), Seoul, South Korea.
Latré, B., Braem, B., Moerman, I., Blondia, B., and Demeester, P. (2011). A survey on wireless body area networks. Wireless Networks. 17(1), pp. 1-18.
Monowar, M.M., Hassan, M.M., Bajaber, F. (2014). Thermal-aware multiconstrained intrabody QoS routing for wireless body area networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 10(3), 676312.
Monowar, M.M., and Bajaber, F. (2015). On designing thermal-aware localized QoS routing protocol for in-vivo sensor nodes in wireless body area networks. Sensors 15(6), 14016-14044.
Movassaghi, S., Abolhasan, M. and Lipman, J. (2012). Energy efficient thermal and power aware (ETPA) routing in body area networks. IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Oey, C.H.W. and Moh, S., (2013). A survey on temperature-aware routing protocols in wireless body sensor networks. Sensors, 13(8), pp. 9860-9877.
Razzaque, M. A., Hira, M.T., and Dira M. (2017).QoS in Body Area Networks: A Survey. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN) 13(3), 25.
Tabandeh, M.; Jahed, M.; Ahourai, F.; Moradi, S. (2009). A Thermal-aware Shortest Hop Routing Algorithm for in vivo Biomedical Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (ITNG), Las Vegas, NV, USA; pp. 1612–1613.
Tang, Q.; Tummala, N.; Gupta, S.K.; Schwiebert, L. (2005a). TARA: Thermal-aware Routing Algorithm for Implanted Sensor Networks. In Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems; Springer: Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, 3560, pp. 206–217.
Tang, Q.; Tummala, N.; Gupta, S.K.S.; Schwiebert, L. (2005b). Communication scheduling to minimize thermal effects of implanted biosensor networks in homogeneous tissue. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 52(7), pp. 1285–1294.
Takahashi, D., Y. Xiao, and F. Hu. (2007). LTRT: Least total-route temperature routing for embedded biomedical sensor networks. in Global Telecommunications Conference. GLOBECOM'07. Washington, DC, USA, IEEE.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. | <urn:uuid:bf29c8a8-cc8d-4d85-baa9-cd2874d903c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://jscdss.com/index.php/files/article/view/138 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.71074 | 1,414 | 2.90625 | 3 |
As one part of its Climate Action Strategy to reach a carbon-neutral campus by 2040, Lehigh University recently applied for and received the approval of the Bethlehem Planning Commission to build a 15-acre, 7,400-unit solar energy facility within approximately 100 feet of a Bethlehem residential neighborhood, the Saucon Fields condominium homes.
As a former facility siting and environmental/engineering professional, I was invited to advise impacted Bethlehem residents during the Lehigh Solar Array permitting process.
Was this great news for sustainability and alternate energy ... a 15-acre industrial development right next to a neighborhood full of retired residents and Lehigh alumni?
The real story about this project and Bethlehem’s approval tells us troubling things about our neighbor (Lehigh University), about out-of-town developers (California-based solar developer EDF) and about our zoning regulations and approval process.
The Lehigh solar project has been in the works for years. Neighbors found out about it when a passing comment was made by a university employee.
It was not until the residents requested a meeting that Lehigh University met to discuss the proposed project. In that first meeting, it was clear that Lehigh had no awareness of project impacts on their neighbors: glare risks, neighborhood loss in quality of life and significant property value losses.
The homeowners asked Lehigh to consider moving the project to a nearby vacant field or to build a vegetative screen that would effectively shield Saucon Fields homes. Lehigh refused to move the solar array (too expensive/would require moving the cross-country course) and offered a vegetative screen that was deficient, again citing cost concerns.
Residents stated they were in support of solar energy and asked — again — for an effective vegetative screen to mitigate expected damages. They were told to consider curtains.
Despite promises for additional meetings/discussions and assurances that Lehigh wanted to be a “good neighbor,” further meetings between the developer and homeowners were cut off. The Lehigh Planning Commission reviewed the project and strongly recommended Bethlehem require a far more effective screen for neighbors, but when final project plans were submitted for approval, the proposed vegetative screen was still woefully inadequate.
Impacted residents received minimal notice on plan modifications and meetings and were only allowed to briefly comment before project approval was granted. Both impacted homeowners and the city were constrained by developer-friendly zoning regulations and approval processes.
The results: a tiny dent in Lehigh electricity needs (about 5% of university electricity requirements) and potential significant losses in property values for 30 impacted families.
This is an old story. Finding poorly designed siting regulations, a developer comes to town and drops an industrial facility on a relatively defenseless community.
In this case, Lehigh University avoided spending tens of thousands of dollars on an effective vegetative screen and forced large projected property losses on Bethlehem taxpayers.
We have heard “good fences make good neighbors.” In this case, bad neighbors should be required to build fences lest we all be hurt. In Bethlehem zoning, public notice/access and process oversight regulations and procedures all need immediate attention.
What has Lehigh University taught us? The cross-country course is more important than being a good neighbor. Saving a few landscaping dollars for Lehigh at the great expense of their neighbors is acceptable behavior.
In their pursuit of a carbon-neutral campus, Lehigh teaches all of us the ends justify the means.
What we should learn is that we need a better development siting/zoning process, something we should have learned from the warehouse and distribution centers plaguing our community.
Yes, solar energy is an important part of our environmental future. Poor communication, bad siting decisions and thoughtless project designs will not help move alternative energy production forward.
If Bethlehem goes pure solar, we will need multiple square miles of solar panels to support our current energy consumption. Do we really want the developers deciding how and where we build our energy future while ignoring the impacts they dump on the rest of us?
Redmond Clark is an environmental professional from Illinois. He is president of two environmental product manufacturing companies and has been a government official, university professor and consulting engineer. Also contributing to this piece were Saucon Fields resident and former Bethlehem Mayor Ken Smith as well as residents Jerome McFadden, Dolores Laputka and Polly Beste. | <urn:uuid:efb254f9-faa4-49b8-a42b-ed85a89c5e7a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mcall.com/opinion/mc-opi-solar-energy-bethlehem-future-cost-clark-20220423-2prwo35trvapjnigoyfqpsacoq-story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.960351 | 888 | 1.765625 | 2 |
NOAA Teacher At Sea
Aboard: Oscar Elton Sette
Cruise Dates: July 6 – Aug 2
Mission: HICEAS Cetacean Study
Geographic Area: Northeast of Kauai, headed toward Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI)
Location: 24 deg 41.9 min N, 170 deg 51.2 min W
Date: July 17, 2017
Weather Data from the Bridge:
Visibility: 10 Nmi
Wind: 11 kts at 90 deg
Wave height: 1-3 m
Swell at 50 deg, 2-3 ft
Air Temp: 29 degrees
Wet Bulb Temp: 25 degrees
Dewpoint: 28 degrees
Technology definitely finds its way into every corner of life, and cetacean studies are certainly no exception. One of the most recent additions to the Cetacean team’s repertoire of technology is a fleet of UAS, or unmanned aerial systems. (UAS is a fancy term for a drone, in this case a hexacopter. Yes, we are definitely using drones on this mission. This seriously cannot get much cooler.) HICEAS 2017 is utilizing these UAS systems to capture overhead photos of cetaceans in the water as they surface. And the best part of all of this? I was selected to be a part of team UAS!
The UAS can only fly under certain atmospheric conditions. It can’t be too windy and the seas can’t be too rough. We had the chance to practice flying the hexacopters on one of the few days we were off the Kona coast of the Big Island, where the wind and seas are typically calmer. Dr. Amanda Bradford is leading the HICEAS 2017 drone operations. She is involved in securing air clearance that might be required for a hexacopter flight, as well as all of the operations that take place in preparation for deployment – of which there are many. The UAS is launched preferentially from a small boat, although it can be launched from the ship. So, in order to do boat-based UAS operations, we must first launch a boat off of the side of the ship. There are four people involved in the small boat UAS operations – the UAS pilot, the UAS ground station operator (Dr. Bradford and scientist Kym Yano alternate these positions), a coxswain to drive the small boat (NOAA crewmember Mills Dunlap) and a visual observer/data keeper (me!) for each flight the hexacopter makes.
We all load up our gear and equipment onto the small boat, along with the coxswain and one team member, from the side of the ship. The ship then lowers the boat to the water, the remaining teams members embark, and we are released to move toward the animals we are trying to photograph. I don’t have any photographs of us loading on to the ship because the operation is technical and requires focus, so taking photos during that time isn’t the best idea. I will say that the whole process is really exciting, and once I got the hang of getting on and off the ship, pretty seamless.
Our first trip out was just to practice the procedure of getting into the small boat, flying the UAS on some test flights, and returning back to the ship. The goal was to eventually fly the hexacopter over a group of cetaceans and use the camera docked on the hexacopter to take photogrammetric measurements of the size and condition of the animals.
Launching a hexacopter from a boat is quite different from launching one on land. Imagine what would happen if the battery died before you brought it back to the boat! This is why numerous ground tests and calibrations took place before ever bringing this equipment out over water. The batteries on the hexacopter are good, but as a security measure, the hexacopter must be brought back well before the batteries die out, otherwise we have a hexacopter in the water, and probably a lot emails from higher ups to answer as a result. Each time the hexacopter flies and returns back to the small boat, the battery is changed out as a precaution. Each battery is noted and an initial voltage is taken on the battery before liftoff. The flights we made lasted around10 minutes. As soon as the battery voltage hits a certain low level, the pilot brings the hexacopter back toward the boat to be caught. My job as the note taker was to watch the battery voltage as the hexacopter comes back to the small boat and record the lowest voltage to keep track of battery performance.
The UAS has two parts, one for each scientist – the pilot (who directs the hexacopter over the animals), and a ground station operator. This person watches a computer-like screen from the boat that has two parts – a dashboard with information like altitude, time spent in flight, battery voltage, distance, and GPS coverage. The bottom portion of the ground station shows a monitor that is linked to the camera on the hexacopter in real time.
The pilot has remote control of the hexacopter and the camera, and the ground station operator is responsible for telling the pilot when to snap a photo (only she can see from the monitor when the animals are in view), watching the battery voltage, and the hand launching and landing of the drone. As the hexacopter is in flight, it is the coxswain’s and my responsibility to watch for obstacles like other boats, animals, or other obstructions that might interfere with the work or our safety.
To start a flight, the hexacopter is hooked up to a battery and the camera settings (things like shutter speed, ISO, and F-stop for the photographers out there) are selected.
The ground station operator stands up while holding the hexacopter over her head. The pilot then begins the takeoff procedures. Once the drone is ready to fly, the ground station operator lets go of the drone and begins monitoring the ground station. One important criterion that must be met is that the animals must never come within 75 overhead feet of the drone. This is so that the drone doesn’t interfere with the animals or cause them to change their behavior. Just imagine how difficult it is to find an animal in a camera frame being held by a drone and flown by someone else while looking on a monitor to take a photo from a minimum of 75 feet from sea level! But Amanda and Kym accomplished this task multiple times during the course of our flights, and got some great snapshots to show for it.
On the first day of UAS testing, we took two trips out – one in the morning, and one in the afternoon. On our morning trip, Kym and Amanda took 5 practice flights, launching and catching the hexacopter and changing between piloting and ground station monitoring. In the afternoon, we were just getting ready to pack up and head back to the ship when out of the corner of my eye I saw a series of splashes at the ocean surface. Team. I had a sighting of spinner dolphins! I barely stuttered out the words, “Oh my God, guys! There are dolphin friends right over there!!!!” (Side note: this is probably not how you announce a sighting in a professional marine mammal observer scenario, but I was just too excited to spit anything else out. I mean, they were Right. There. And right when we needed some mammals to practice on, too!) They were headed right past the boat, and we were in a prime position to capture some photos of them. We launched the hexacopter and had our first trial run of aerial cetacean photography.
On the second day, we had a pilot whale sighting, and the call came over the radio to launch the small boat. Things move really fast on a sighting when there is a small boat launch. One minute I was up on the flying bridge trying to get some snapshots, and the next I was grabbing my camera and my hard hat and making a speedy break for the boat launch. We spent a good portion of the morning working the pilot whale group, taking photos of the whales using the hexacopter system. We were lucky in that these whales were very cooperative with us. Many species of whales are not good candidates for hexacopter operations because they tend to be skittish and will move away from the noise of a small boat (or a large one for that matter). These little fellas seemed to be willing participants, as if they knew what we were trying to accomplish would be good for them as a species. They put on quite a show of logging (just hanging out at the surface), spyhopping, and swimming in tight subgroups for us to get some pretty incredible overhead photographs. I also had the chance to take some great snapshots of dorsal fins up close, as well.
These side-long photos of dorsal fins help the scientific team to identify individuals. There were times when the whales were less than twenty yards from the boat, not because we went to them, but because they were interested in us. Or they were interested in swimming in our general direction because they were following a delicious fish, and I’d be happy with either, but I’d like to think they wanted to know what exactly we were up to.
While photographing the whales a couple of interesting “other” things happened. I had a brief reminder that I was definitely not at the top of the food chain when Mills pointed out the presence of two whitetip sharks skimming beneath the surface of the water. Apparently these sharks know that pilot whales can find delicious fish and sort of hang out around pilot whale groups hoping to capitalize. I wondered if this was maybe my spirit animal as I am following a group of scientists and capitalizing on their great adventures in the Pacific Ocean, as well.
Another “other” thing that happened was some impromptu outreach. While working on the small boat, other boats approached the whales hoping to get some up close snapshots and hang out with them for a bit, as well. Two were commercial operations that appeared to be taking tour groups either snorkeling or whale watching, and one was just a boat of vacationers out enjoying the day. The scientific team took the opportunity to approach these boats, introduce us, and explain what we were doing over the whale groups. They also took the opportunity to answer questions and mention the HICEAS 2017 mission to spread the word about our study. It was a unique opportunity in that fieldwork, apart from internet connections, is done in relative isolation in this particular setting. Real-time outreach is difficult to accomplish in a face-to-face environment. In this case, the team made friendly contacts with approximately 45 people right out on the water. Congenial smiles and waves were passed between the passengers on the boats and the scientific team, and I even saw a few cell phones taking pictures of us. Imagine the potential impact of one school-aged child seeing us working with the whales on the small boats and thinking, “I want to do that for a career someday.” What a cool thing to be a part of.
Over the last couple of days, the ship was near the coast of the Big Island, Hawai’i. One morning, we approached on the Hilo side, which is where Mauna Loa is spewing forth her new basaltic earth. It treks down the side of the volcano, red-hot and caustic, only to be tempered immediately as soon as it strikes the anesthetic waters of the Pacific. Having never seen real lava before, I was hoping to capitalize on the big eyes and catch a glimpse of it as it splashed into the ocean’s cool recesses, forming solid rock and real estate on the side of the mountain. Unfortunately, I failed to account for the laws of thermodynamics – forgetting that hot things make water evaporate and re-condense into steam. I suppose I was just romanticizing the idea that I could possibly see this phenomenon from an angle that not many get to see it from – miles out on the Pacific Ocean. And the truth is, I did, just not in the way I had imagined. I did get to see large plumes of steam extending up from the shoreline as the lava met its inevitable demise. While I didn’t get to see actual real lava, there was definitely hard evidence that it was there, hidden underneath the plumes of white-hot condensation. I took a few photos that turned out horribly, so you’ll just have to take my word for it that I almost sort of saw lava. (I know, I know. Cool story, bro.) If you can’t believe that fish tale, surely you won’t believe what I’m about to tell you next – I didn’t see the lava – but I heard it.
Starting in the wee hours of the morning, the acoustics team deployed the array only to find an unidentified noise – a loud, sharp, almost cracking or popping noise. They tried to localize the noise only to find out that it was coming from the shores of the big island. Sure enough, when they figured it out, the acoustics lab was a popular place to be wearing headphones. The snapping and cracking they were hearing was the lava cooling and cracking just beneath the ocean surface on the lava bench. So, I didn’t see the lava, but I heard it solidifying and contracting on the acoustics system. How cool is that?
Why do the head stalls (AKA bathroom stalls) lock on both sides of the door?
- So that you can lock your friends in the bathroom as a mean prank
- Extra protection from pirates
- To give yourself one extra step to complete to get to the toilet when you really gotta go
- To keep the doors from slamming with the natural movement of the ship
If you said “D”, you are correct! The bathrooms lock on both sides because if left to their own devices, they would swing and bang open and shut with the constant motions of the ship. So, when you use the bathroom, you have to lock it back when you finish. Now you know! | <urn:uuid:bccea3d9-d078-4490-9410-bd595de99382> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://noaateacheratsea.blog/tag/pilot-whales/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970836 | 2,994 | 2.328125 | 2 |
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The opening post in this thread seems to be a testimonial for Desteni, perhaps as an attempt to counter critcisms levelled at that group in previous dicussions on this forum at [forum.culteducation.com
All of the following words and phrases have been invented or appropriated by Bernard Poolman of Desteni to describe the Desteni 'process':
'common sense', 'support', 'structural resonance alignment', 'points of suppression', 'mind consciousness system', 'assist', 'applying self forgiveness', 'self honesty', 'applying self forgiveness within self honesty', 'principle of equality'.
There are more, but these are the ones used in the post in question.
While these words and phrases may have ordinary meanings or applications, in the context of Desteni they are pure jargon serving as emotive signifiers pertaining to active involvement in the Desteni group, and little else.
The article, 'Warning Signs' at [www.culteducation.com
] begins with a quote from Margaret Singer, Ph.D, author of 'Cults in Our Midst'. She explains that potentially unsafe groups or leaders 'come off very nice at first, they go for vulnerable people who are looking for answers, lonely, what you'd call 'normal people.' They're very good at what they do and can get people to believe anything. You might think you'd never get taken in, but don't bet on it.'
Under the list of 'Ten warning signs regarding people involved in/with a potentially unsafe group/leader' point 4 mentions 'Uncharacteristically stilted and seemingly programmed conversation and mannerisms, cloning of the group/leader in personal behavior'.
Repetition of the group/leader's jargon would come into this category.
It is well known that cults target people with social problems. In some cases they can actually help. However, they ultimately replace them with a different set of problems brought about by the social conditioning of the cult.
Information available on the web suggests that other points on the list of warning signs which stand out as typical of Desteni include:
No tolerance for questions or critical inquiry.
Unreasonable fear about the outside world, such as impending catastrophe, evil conspiracies and persecutions.
Extreme obsessiveness regarding the group/leader resulting in the exclusion of almost every practical consideration.
Whenever the group/leader is criticized or questioned it is characterized as "persecution".
Dependency upon the group/leader for problem solving, solutions, and definitions without meaningful reflective thought. A seeming inability to think independently or analyze situations without group/leader involvement.
Hyperactivity centered on the group/leader agenda, which seems to supercede any personal goals or individual interests.
Edited 1 time(s). Last edit at 04/04/2010 08:00PM by Sandman. | <urn:uuid:54cb3ec6-767c-41b4-8960-e89f668f8f62> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://forum.culteducation.com/read.php?12,83661,page=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.932898 | 588 | 1.617188 | 2 |
댓글 0건 조회 853회 작성일 21-06-21 02:47
|설교자||Rev. Joseph Chung|
1. If I speak in the tongues of men and of angels, but have not love, I am only a resounding gong or a clanging cymbal.
2. If I have the gift of prophecy and can fathom all mysteries and all knowledge, and if I have a faith that can move mountains, but have not love, I am nothing.
3. If I give all I possess to the poor and surrender my body to the flames, but have not love, I gain nothing.
4. Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud.
등록된 댓글이 없습니다. | <urn:uuid:adf658c3-3dd2-49f1-b631-3790bc097417> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.antiochurch.org/bbs/board.php?bo_table=english_ministry&wr_id=59 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.849557 | 305 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Rakish meanings in Urdu
Rakish meanings in Urdu are فاسد, رند, آوارہ, سبک رو, باؤ ڈنڈی, رندانہ, تماش بین, عیاش, لچا, البیلا, تیز, بانکا Rakish in Urdu. More meanings of rakish, it's definitions, example sentences, related words, idioms and quotations.
Please find 2 English and definitions related to the word Rakish.
- (adjective satellite) : marked by a carefree unconventionality or disreputableness
- (adjective satellite) : marked by up-to-dateness in dress and manners
More words related to the meanings of Rakish
More words from Urdu related to Rakish
View an extensive list of words below that are related to the meanings of the word Rakish meanings in Urdu in Urdu.
مُنتَشِرجذباتیسڈول(جسم)واثقبہ فسق و فجورراندہبے خودزیرمردہ دلچھبیلاخُونخَواربننابلا وجہدل دوزشوقینذکیشَدیدچکری طریقوں والاشجاعخرابآتش نادکجوش سے مَعمُورکائیاںماتمبگاڑنے والاکڑاکاآگے پیچھے پھرتا ہوامصالحدارلونڈاتیزابیسبک روترچھافوریآزادوضعناکارہناقصچاک و چوبندگنہگارنوکدارپرتکلفعادتاً شرابیدل لگی کرنا فاسدعیش و عشرت کا متوالاپوڑہامحرقگڑھ گجنکمابھاریتیزی سے آگے بڑھنے والا ...
Idioms related to the meaning of Rakish
What are the meanings of Rakish in Urdu?
Meanings of the word Rakish in Urdu are آوارہ - aawaarah, تیز - teyz, البیلا - albeyla, سبک رو - subuk rau, رند - rind, عیاش - aiyaash, فاسد - faasid, تماش بین - tamaash biin, بانکا - baanka, رندانہ - rindaanah and لچا - luchcha. To understand how would you translate the word Rakish in Urdu, you can take help from words closely related to Rakish or it’s Urdu translations. Some of these words can also be considered Rakish synonyms. In case you want even more details, you can also consider checking out all of the definitions of the word Rakish. If there is a match we also include idioms & quotations that either use this word or its translations in them or use any of the related words in English or Urdu translations. These idioms or quotations can also be taken as a literary example of how to use Rakish in a sentence. If you have trouble reading in Urdu we have also provided these meanings in Roman Urdu.
We have tried our level best to provide you as much detail on how to say Rakish in Urdu as possible so you could understand its correct English to Urdu translation. We encourage everyone to contribute in adding more meanings to MeaningIn Dictionary by adding English to Urdu translations, Urdu to Roman Urdu transliterations and Urdu to English Translations. This will improve our English to Urdu Dictionary, Urdu to English dictionary, English to Urdu Idioms translation and Urdu to English Idioms translations. Although we have added all of the meanings of Rakish with utmost care but there could be human errors in the translation. So if you encounter any problem in our translation service please feel free to correct it at the spot. All you have to do is to click here and submit your correction.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What do you mean by rakish?
Meanings of rakish are آوارہ - aawaarah, تیز - teyz, البیلا - albeyla, سبک رو - subuk rau, رند - rind, عیاش - aiyaash, فاسد - faasid, تماش بین - tamaash biin, بانکا - baanka, رندانہ - rindaanah and لچا - luchcha
Whats the definition of rakish?
Definition of the rakish are
- marked by a carefree unconventionality or disreputableness
- marked by up-to-dateness in dress and manners
What is the synonym of rakish?
Synonym of word rakish are straggler, briskening, rake, cutting, fleet, spangler, accelerated, fastigiated, freethinker, lewd
What are the idioms related to rakish?
Here are the idioms that are related to the word rakish.
- Men apt to promise are apt to forget
- A young idler an old beggar
- Knock about
- Reckless youth makes rueful age
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Sponsored by: NETZSCH
Aggressive gold sludge: special pump technology delivers long service life with minimal addition of water
Global demand for gold and silver remains as high as ever. Precious metals are not only sought after by investors, but are indispensable materials in modern industry. However, mining these resources places machines under extreme stress.
The sludge of crushed, gold-bearing stone is extremely abrasive and can destroy pumping systems within a few days. Adding water does make it possible to convey the product, but also increases the effort required in the gold concentration process. NEMO® progressing cavity pumps from NETZSCH Pumpen & Systeme GmbH are increasingly used to save on maintenance and process costs, as they are capable of withstanding the valuable yet problematic medium thanks to smooth pumping technology and exceptionally robust components.
Both silver and gold are normally only available as small particles and therefore have to be mined with the surrounding stone. The precious metal can then be separated from the crushed material matrix using a variety of different methods. However, the mixture must first be condensed and concentrated, so that the water content of the stone-gold sludge should ideally be no more than 40 percent. In the past, centrifugal pumps were typically used in the mining industry for this conveying step, although centrifugal pumps are in fact designed for fluids and therefore require a medium that is at least 50 percent water. Additional water was injected to operate these pumps, although the water made subsequent extraction more difficult. .
As the pumps are speed-controlled, it was possible to determine the ideal speed using a frequency inverter and thereby minimise wear and tear without the risk of medium being deposited in the pump.
More than half of the country’s coal mines are managed by pro-Russian separatist militia.
Material damage caused by abrasive stone in the gold sludge
In search of alternatives, a rotary lobe pump was installed on a trial basis. However, the pump housing was completely destroyed within just two days. The high abrasiveness of the gold sludge was to blame. The stone particles in the sludge behave like sandpaper, particularly at high speeds, and wear away all surfaces extremely quickly – until the system fails completely. This effect can only be reduced by particularly smooth pumping at an economically viable volume, as further tests with a NEMO® progressing cavity pump demonstrated.
A progressing cavity pump operates with a combination of rotor and stator. The helix rotor rotates within a stator jacket fitted to the rotor with a reversed helix to form conveying chambers with the same shape between the two components. The medium is conveyed in these chambers from the suction to the discharge side without pulsation, shear forces or changes in pressure. As even viscous substrates and substrates containing a large proportion of solid matter can be reliably conveyed in this way, only a limited amount of water needs to be added to the gold sludge. It was therefore possible to reduce the water content of the stone-gold sludge from 50% to nearly 40%.
Robust materials, low speed and smooth pumping reduce wear and tear
To achieve a system with a service life as long as possible, despite heavy wear, the designers at NETZSCH selected tungsten carbide for the rotor. Tungsten carbide, with a scratch hardness of 9.5 on the Mohs scale, is almost as hard as diamond and is therefore scarcely affected by the grinding of the crushed stone. SBE, a nitrile material, was used for the stator. It is similarly extremely wear resistant, but also soft enough to prevent the points of contact with the rotor from wearing out too quickly.
An additional advantage of this pump technology is the availability of speed control. The rotor speed can be adjusted with complete flexibility via a variable frequency in-verter, so that it is possible to determine the perfect speed. The aim was to find a bal-ance between as low a surface speed as possible to reduce abrasion and a sufficient throughput to prevent the medium from settling. The 20 hp motor was shifted down, first to 189 rpm, then finally to 130 rpm. At that speed, the system conveys a total of 10 m³/h at 9 bar pressure.
Conveying chambers form between rotor and stator in the NEMO® pump and convey the medium smoothly and at stable pressure. Combined with robust materials, it is therefore possible to reduce abrasion.
Increased life cycle despite lower proportion of water
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The Sonorest Sleep Tones Machine is a unique product that is designed to help individuals suffering from tinnitus. Tinnitus, or ringing in the ears, is classified as a continual perceived sound without an external source.
Occurring in either one or both ears, only the person who has the condition can hear the sounds. Often described as a high-pitched whistle, tinnitus can also sound like a buzz, whoosh, chirp, or pulse.
Varying by pitch, the consistent characteristic of this condition is the constant and relentless sound. To combat the discomfort of tinnitus, the Sonorest Sleep Machine creates a tranquil, soothing, and relaxed sleeping environment.
Helping individuals fall asleep, stay asleep, and wake up feeling reeling refreshed and rejuvenated, the device tunes out ringing and phantom noises during the night.
About Sonorest Sleep Tones Machine
As mentioned above, the Sonorest Sleep Tones Machine is designed to meet the needs of tinnitus sufferers. Designed by the experts behind Lipo-Flavanoid, a natural bioflavonoid product that has been used for decades, the machine provides temporary relief from the symptoms of tinnitus.
Although there are many plausible causes and contributing causes for ringing in the ears, there is currently no cure for tinnitus. Because the ear is such a complex system, inflammation, irritation, and trauma can be very disruptive to the ear. For individuals who suffer from tinnitus, is essential that they find mechanisms to improve quality of life.
Disrupting day-to-day activities, tinnitus often causes the most trouble during sleep. Based on a recent study, 77% of tinnitus suffers reported that their symptoms are the most severe when they are trying to sleep.
Based on extensive research, data has shown that providing neutral, background, low-level sounds can help to partially prevent or lessen the intensity of tinnitus sounds. A compact, ambient noise machine that provides relief to ringing ears, the Sonorest Sleep Tones Machine took years to perfect.
By adding sounds to the sleep environment, experts recommend that the sound be non-intrusive, non-stimulating, and easy to ignore. Hitting the sound level that relieves perceptions of tinnitus, research has shown that some noise spectrums are better than others.
For example, evidence reveals that white, brown, and pink noise can effectively decrease the difference between background and peak sounds. With peak sounds being defined as the buzzing and hissing sounds associated with tinnitus, the Sonorest Sleep Tones Machine is engineered to provide users with a variety of these noise options.
Sonorest Sleep Tones Machine Features
Providing options for each sound spectrum, the Sonorest Sleep Tones Machine features controls that help users identify the tone and volume that suits individual needs. Helping ease the disruption caused by tinnitus, the three distinct sound spectrums are explained below.
Defined as the flattest sound, the white sound spectrum contains an equal amount of energy that is evenly distributed across the frequency bands. In more simple terms, the white noise is responsible for providing a continuous sound that covers a larger spectrum.
Pink Much like the white sound spectrum, the pink contains an equal distribution of energy in each octave. To the human ears, it is calibrated and sounds balanced. For some users, the tones on the pink spectrum may sound airier and less noisy than the white noise.
Out of all three spectrums, the brown contains the lowest frequency. Often sounding like deep, soft, rumbling, brown noise has a thunder-like quality.
In addition to featuring three sound spectrums, the Sonorest Sleep Tones Machine also offers a tone control. Allowing users to adjust pitch and frequency according to personal preference, it works to balance the intensity of the sounds.
Fit with a volume control option, this option further allows users to modulate loudness based on tinnitus symptoms. Designed to improve quality of sleep, the Sonorest Sleep Tones Machine features a sleep timer that allows individuals to select 30, 60, or 90 minutes of continuous play.
With a dimming light panel that incorporates blue LED lights, the effect takes place within 10 seconds and turns off within 15 seconds. After setting adjustments, this feature allows users to avoid additional light in the sleep environment and get better sleep.
The Sonorest Sleep Tones Machine has an internal memory that saves settings from previous adjustments allowing it to be used without having to reset any selected options. Convenient and portable, the USB power input and battery backup makes it practical and easy to use for travel.
Purchasing Sonorest Sleep Tones Machine
The Sonorest Sleep Tones Machine is available for purchase on the company website (www.LipoFlavonoid.com) and at Walgreens. For just $49.99, it is recommended that consumers use Sonorest Sleep Tones Machine with the supplement Lipo-Flavonoid Night. | <urn:uuid:f718b8c4-0b2e-49af-bdda-3b2e094589ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://supplementpolice.com/sonorest-sleep-tones-machine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.916712 | 1,032 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Ed note. This is a special guest post from Kristen Cordell of Refugees International
While working as a gender-based violence consultant for my first UN peacekeeping mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo, I was surrounded by victims of violence. I thought constantly about their plight and what was missing in the response by the international community. “Here, more than anywhere,” I thought at the time, “women peacekeepers could do so much to protect and respond to the needs of their fellow women.”
Later, while working for the UN Mission in Liberia, I saw what that impact could be. While evaluating the mission’s attention to gender across units, I found that having more women police, military, and civilian peacekeepers yielded significant results – especially when it comes to the physical safety and security of the most vulnerable. For one thing, more women in the field means more outlets for community-based intelligence gathering (through better interactions with women in the community). Having more women peacekeepers also encourages local women to join their own local security forces, which makes those institutions less corrupt and more transparent. And with women on the beat, we see lower rates of sexual and gender-based violence, abuse, and exploitation, as well as firmer redress for victims of abuse – including judicial systems that deny impunity for perpetrators. As one Liberian told me, regarding the UN policewomen in her country, “Their presence is our security.”
The UN has recognized the need to get more women engaged in peacekeeping, and it’s even launched global campaigns to recruit more women personnel. But despite these laudable efforts, the UN is totally reliant on its member-states (who contribute troops and police voluntarily) to send more qualified women personnel. And so far, the numbers are not there.
It is Refugees International’s recommendation, first and foremost, that the U.S. government both increase the number of women it sends as peacekeepers and help other nations do the same. Some other positive steps would be identifying quality talent, building rosters of vetted women personnel, introducing peacekeeper training curricula that move beyond the basics on post-conflict gender violence, and promoting accountability mechanisms for sexual exploitation and abuse. The U.S. should also complete its UN-mandated National Action Plan on Women, Peace, and Security, which would lay the foundation for a coordinated approach to this issue across the government.
The report U.S. Engagement in International Peacekeeping: from Aspiration to Implementation, launched today by the Partnership for Effective Peacekeeping, details these recommendations. But the report also stresses that sending qualified women peacekeepers must be done in support of a much broader policy goal: putting more American soldiers and police in blue helmets across the world. Such a move would show the U.S. is delivering on President Obama’s 2009 Presidential Peacekeeping Initiative, and acting on his vision of the UN as a force for good in the world.
As I said, seeing the impact of women peacekeepers first-hand inspired my work in this area – but inspiration came from another source, too: my mother. She served in the U.S. military for 24 years, and I know personally the depth and range of the talent that exists there. From women working on Female Engagement Teams in Afghanistan, to women staffing USAID Disaster Response Teams in the Horn of Africa, our cadre of women civilian and military personnel is stronger than ever. Our commitment to the UN’s inclusion of women peacekeepers should be equally strong.
Kristen Cordell is an advocate for Refugees International, a Washington, DC-based organization that advocates to end refugee crises and receives no government or UN funding. For more information, go to www.refugeesinternational.org. | <urn:uuid:22a9322f-b5a6-4d73-aef0-1cb610005133> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.undispatch.com/women-in-blue-helmets-a-source-of-strength-and-a-force-for-good/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.952416 | 774 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Number of weekly servings for those on a 2,calorie diet. It is common, affecting one in three people in the U. American College of Rheumatology. Certain factors increase the risk of developing hypertension, including being obese, drinking too much alcohol, eating a lot of salt, smoking and having diabetes.
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Canadian Consulting Engineer
Better roads means better safetyEngineering
Canada's consulting engineering industry believes that it is time to consider the significant safety benefits to be achieved by building safer roads and highways, and by employing proven and emerging ...
Canada’s consulting engineering industry believes that it is time to consider the significant safety benefits to be achieved by building safer roads and highways, and by employing proven and emerging technologies — Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) — in our vehicles and on our roadways. While significant advances have been made over the past 30 years in improving highway safety in Canada, there are still 3,000 fatalities per year and 220,000 injuries on our roads. This progress has been largely made through driver education, the enforcement of alcohol and seat belt legislation, and improved crash-resistant vehicles. Seat belt utilization in Canada now stands at 92%, suggesting that Canada is likely fast approaching the point where further safety improvements cannot be made solely through driver-behavioural modifications.
Statistics compiled by the OECD show that four-lane divided highways have a far lower incidence rate for fatal accidents than do two-lane highways. In the United States in 1997, for example, only 12% of the fatalities occurred on the four-lane divided interstate and freeway system, which carried about 40% of the total vehicle-miles travelled. Other roads and highways had a fatality incident rate four times higher than the four-lane divided highways.
The 1997 Study by Canada’s Council of Ministers Responsible for Transportation and Highway Safety concluded that 247 lives could be saved and thousands of injuries avoided each year in Canada by carrying out the recommended $17.2 billion improvement program for the National Highway System. They also estimated benefits of up to $30 billion would accrue if the improvement program were implemented.
The Coalition to Renew Canada’s Infrastructure (CRCI), of which the Association of Consulting Engineers of Canada (ACEC) is a member, has welcomed statements made by several federal cabinet ministers that the federal government should consider major investments in Canada’s National Highway System. CRCI is a broad-based public policy advocacy body. Supporting organizations include the Alliance of Manufacturers and Exporters of Canada, the Business Council on National Issues, the Canadian Automobile Association, the Canadian Chamber of Commerce, the Canadian Construction Association, and the Trans Canada #1 West Association. | <urn:uuid:837a82b3-ab5e-45c4-8477-9862e6c83e64> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.canadianconsultingengineer.com/features/better-roads-means-better-safety/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.954831 | 478 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Buy Passport Online
An ePassport, also known as Electronic Passport, Digital Passport, Biometric Passport, or e-passport is a paper-based passport that embeds a contactless smart card chip and an antenna.
The contactless smart card chip is connected to the antenna – made of multiple loops of thin copper wire – that is used for both communication and power. The contactless chip and the antenna works at an operating frequency of 13.56 MHz and shall comply with the ISO/IEC 14443-1 specifications. http://exdocumentation.com/2018/01/23/online-passport-application/Purchase Biometric Passports Online
The contactless chip and the antenna are packaged in a layer structure called ePassport Inlay. There are two types of ePassport Inlays available in the market:
- Single Layer – one side of the chip module / antenna is not covered and they have a thickness of about 300 ∼ 400 μm
- Double Layer – the chip module / antenna are encapsulated into a sandwich-like structure and they have a thickness of about 400 ∼ 500 μm.
The sheets that protect the chip module and the antenna can be made of polyester(PET), polycarbonate, Teslin or other synthetic material. The dimension of an ePassport inlay is normally the same or slightly smaller of a passport page and can be embedded:
- into the ePassport cover, this is called “e-cover”. This was the first method used in the industry because in 1998, when the first ePassport was launched, the thickness of the chip was such that the only suitable place to host it was the multi-layer cardboard cover. Al tough this is still the most popular method for chip embedding, forensic crime experts have noticed possibility to swap the cover with a fake one or – another possibility – to get a genuine cover (with its chip embedded) and collate it to a fake passport.
- into the polycarbonate ePassport Data Page, this is called “e-datapage”. This method is growing popularity in recent years primarily driven by the new chip packaging available that are thick as low as 200μm. This option does offer the highest level of security both in terms of linking the holder printed information with the electronically stored information and physical attacks.
- as middle page of the Passport booklet. This has – by far – the lowest production cost and is not widely popular.
When the inlay is embedded into the passport cover, the chip and the antenna are not visible to naked eyes. Buy ePassport Online
The specification of the ePassports are defined by the International Civial Aviation Organization (ICAO) in the document series called Doc 9303 – Machine Readable Travel Documents. Within the ICAOnaming the ePassport is referred as Machine Readable Travel Document or MRTD. In some publications the ePassport is also referred as eMRP (Electronic Machine Readable Passport).
ICAO have designed a symbol have been designed to visually distinguish an ePassport. The “Chip Inside” symbol, also known as Electronic Machine Readable Travel Document (eMRTD) must be printed on the top or on the bottom part of a ePassport front cover.
The optional data stored into the ePassport chip include:
- Other names
- Place of Birth
- Telephone Number(s)
- Personal Summary
- Proof of Citizenship
- Other Valid Travel Document(s)
- Other Person(s) included on MRTD
- Tax/Exit Requirements
- Image of Front of MRTD
- Image of Rear of MRTD
- Name of Person(s) to Notify
- Contact Details of Person(s) to Notify
- Iris scan
- Country-specific Forensic Feature, example booklet lot number printed on microtext on the cover.
As of time of writing the vast majority of Issuing Authorities uses only Face Photo as means of identification while few uses both face and finger.
To avoid that anyone with a Passport Reader could read and steal sensitive personal information from the contactless chip, two set of security features were introduced by ICAO: Buy ePassport Online
- Basic Access Control (BAC) that is a mechanism that protects the contactless chip from being read without direct access and ensures that information exchanged with the reading device is encrypted. For instance, an Passport that implement the BAC cannot be read while is kept in a travel bag. In order to access the data stored on the contactless chip of the ePassport, first is necessary to scan/read the Machine Readable Zone (MRZ) of the document. Based on this data, an individual access key for each passport is computed, which is used by the ePassport reader to authenticate itself to the chip. This means that the ePassport reader proves to the chip it has optical access to the passport. The contactless chip transmits a random number to the ePassportreader for this purpose. Then the ePassport reader encrypt this number using the access key and then transmit it back to the contactless chip. The chip then checks if the random number has been encrypted with the right access key. If this is the case, the contactless chip allows the ePassport reader to access the data.
- Extended Access Control (AEC). ICAO defines that chip must contain chip-individual keys, must have processing capabilities and additional key management for mutual authentication mechanism is required. The actual implementation is left to the individual implementing States.
The ePassport electronic holder’s data are written into the contactless chip during the issuance process performed by the Issuing Authority and cannot be modified. This means that when in the field an ePassport can only be read and no-one, even the issuing authority can modify its content.Buy epassport online
ICAO is currently working on the next evolution of the ePassport called Logical Data Structure Version 2 (LSD2) where there will be an optional read-write function in order to accommodate electronic record of Travel Stamps, Visas and additional Biometric information. In addition, LDS2 will further protect the ePassport against counterfeiting, copying and unauthorized reading or writing. | <urn:uuid:7048f71d-e0e9-40d1-8aa7-6fb923d4dc0a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://exdocumentation.net/buy-passport-online/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.91602 | 1,333 | 1.960938 | 2 |
19 Mar BOP Newsletter Spring 2021
BOP NEWSLETTER • Spring 2021
An Update on the FFCRA
by Tim Twigg & Rebecca Boartfield
With the passage of the American Rescue Plan Stimulus package on March 11th, the question on every employer’s mind is: what’s going on with the FFCRA?
A brief summary and history of the FFCRA…
The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA) was passed a year ago and went into effect April 1, 2020. It applied to all employers with fewer than 500 employees and provided mandatory, job-protected, paid leave to all employees for the following reasons:
- The employee is subject to a federal, state or local quarantine or isolation order related to COVID–19.
- The employee has been advised by a health care provider to self-quarantine due to concerns related to COVID–19.
- The employee is experiencing symptoms of COVID–19 and seeking a medical diagnosis.
- The employee is caring for an individual who is subject to either number 1 or 2 above.
- The employee is caring for his or her child if the school or place of care of the child has been closed, or the child care provider of such child is unavailable, due to COVID–19 precautions.
- The employee is experiencing any other substantially similar condition specified by the secretary of health and human services in consultation with the secretary of the treasury and the secretary of labor.
Paid leave was available in two ways: 1) Emergency Paid Sick Leave (EPSL), and 2) Emergency Family and Medical Leave Act (EFMLA).
Under EPSL, employees had up to 80 hours over a two-week period of paid leave, which could be used for any reason listed above. Under EFMLA, employees had up to 12 weeks of leave, which could only be used for reason #5 above. The first 2 weeks of EFMLA were unpaid, therefore, up to 10 weeks were paid.
When EPSL was used for reasons #1-3, it was paid at the employee’s regular rate of pay up to a cap of $511.00 per day. When EPSL was used for reasons #4-6, it was paid at 2/3rds the employee’s regular rate of pay up to a cap of $200.00 per day.
Paid leave under EFMLA was paid at 2/3rds the employee’s regular rate of pay up to a cap of $200.00 per day. Total EFMLA was capped at $10,000.00 in aggregate.
When an employee was off and FFCRA applied, the employer paid employees directly (just like any other type of compensation) and could then seek a 100% tax reimbursement. This came via a tax reduction on the employer’s payroll taxes. For example, if an employer’s payroll tax costs were $5,000.00 and the FFCRA wages totaled $2,000.00, then that cost got subtracted from the total and the employer paid what was left. In this case, it would be $3,000.00.
The FFCRA was set to expire on December 31, 2020. With the passage of the Consolidated Appropriations Act (CAA) of 2021 on December 27, 2020, the FFCRA was made voluntary and extended the tax credits through March 31, 2021.
Under the CAA, employers could elect to continue providing EPSL and/or EFMLA and, if they did, they got their tax credits. It did not reset the amount of paid leave available or make any further changes. Therefore, if employees had used up their EPSL and/or their EFMLA in 2020, they did not receive more on January 1, 2021. Any time off for reasons listed above would have needed to be covered by other employer benefits. For all others, their available time simply rolled over into 2021 and could be used if appropriate.
When President Biden took office, it was very clear from the get-go that a new stimulus package was coming, and it was widely assumed there would be something in it regarding the FFCRA. Those assumptions were right!
The American Rescue Plan Stimulus package…
The American Rescue Plan, in terms of the FFCRA, effectively begins April 1, 2021 and goes through September 30, 2021.
Unlike the CAA, the American Rescue Plan does make changes to the FFCRA, but let’s start with three important aspects that have not changed:
- It is still voluntary.
- 100% tax reimbursement is still available.
- Only applicable to employers with fewer than 500 employees.
All other aspects of what has been described above also remain the same. Here’s what been added or changed:
1. Adds additional reasons for being able to take leave under the FFCRA. These include the following:
- Obtaining a COVID-19 vaccine
- Recovering from any illness or condition related to the COVID-19 vaccine
- Seeking or awaiting the results of a COVID-19 diagnosis or test if either the employee has been exposed to COVID-19 or the employer requested the test or diagnosis
*Note: this is paid at the employee’s regular rate of pay up to a cap of $511.00 per day.
2. Resets EPSL as of April 1, 2021. Therefore, employees are eligible for a new set of up to 80 hours over a two-week period even if they used all that time previous to March 31, 2021.
3. Expands EFMLA to include all the reasons that EPSL can be taken. In other words, EFMLA, which previously only applied to reason #5, now includes all 6 reasons listed at the start of this article and the 3 new ones added by the rescue plan.
4. Removes the unpaid portion of EFMLA. All 12 weeks are now paid. This also increases the total wage cap to $12,000.00 in aggregate.
*Note: all leave under EFMLA is paid at 2/3rds the employee’s regular rate of pay up to a cap of $200.00 per day.
*Note: EFMLA does not appear to have been reset as of April 1, 2021. Therefore, EFMLA is only available if employees have never used EFMLA or did not use all available 12 weeks previously. Also, for employers subject to normal FMLA (those with 50+ employees), any leave taken under EFMLA and/or FMLA count against any EFMLA available now.
5. Adds non-discrimination rules. Tax credits will not be available if employers limit leave under the FFCRA to only certain employees such as full-time, highly-compensated, or employees with certain amount of tenure. This means that if an employer chooses to offer additional EPSL or EFMLA, it must offer the leave to all employees — including part-time employees and newly hired employees.
*Note: it would appear that employers could choose to offer only EPSL or only EFMLA instead of offering both. The non-discrimination rules would then apply to the types of leave being offered. In other words, you can exclude everyone from EFMLA, but, if you choose to offer it, then it must apply to all employees.
What to do now…
First, make a decision. Will you offer leave under the FFCRA at all? Whatever you choose, you should decide soon and make a formal announcement to your employees, even if you’re not voluntarily providing FFCRA now. Employees will likely hear about this from other sources, so it is best to set the record straight immediately so as to avoid confusion later.
Second, if you’re going to offer EPSL or EFMLA or both and you’re one of our clients, reach out to us for a new policy and new FFCRA forms. You will want to provide the new policy to your employees so that they understand what’s available to them. Then, if someone takes FFCRA leave, you will need to use the new forms in order to ensure you can document and receive your tax credits.
Third, if you’re going to offer EPSL or EFMLA or both, be sure to administer it exactly as required. Though this is voluntary, all the rules apply for administration purposes.
Fourth, if you’re not going to provide leave under FFCRA, be sure your employees know how time off will be handled if they have an issue related to COVID-19. This can include any of the following:
- It may be unpaid.
- It may be paid using any applicable benefit provided such as sick leave or vacation or paid time off.
- It may be paid under other state law mandates such as New York’s COVID-19 Sick Leave, or Colorado’s Public Health Emergency Leave or other state rules that may apply to you.
- It may be covered by unemployment insurance benefits.
Why not offer some portion of the FFCRA? With the 100% tax reimbursement portion of the FFCRA, it is nearly a cost-free benefit. How often is that the case? Employers have an opportunity to build some goodwill with employees and to do so with little to no harm done.
Right now, even though we’re starting to see a light at the end of the tunnel with this pandemic, we still have a long way to go. Employees could still be experiencing COVID-19 situations and need time off. Should it really mean they go without pay when their employer can provide a benefit that is 100% tax reimbursable?
Also, the way out of this is for as many people as possible to get vaccinated. What better way to support that then to offer leave under the FFCRA for vaccinations (and get reimbursed for doing so!)?
We see offering leave under the FFCRA as a win-win situation. We encourage you to see it that way too.
Q: We are planning to close our office for a week in the summer and then again next January. If we do that, can employees file for unemployment benefits during those planned weeks that the office will be closed?
A: Unless there is another avenue for employees to be paid for the time off, such as vacation or PTO or some other employer-provided benefit, then, yes, employees could file for unemployment benefits during those weeks you will be shutdown. This is true anytime employees are unable to work.
In both of these cases, the employees are unable to work due to no fault of their own, which would likely make them eligible during these weeks, assuming they met any other eligibility requirement (such as a waiting period) imposed by your state.
Q: Some of my employees have requested that the business supply Vitamin C onsite in order for them to take while at work. Should I do this? Please let me know the relevant considerations, and your recommendations on this.
A: In general, this is up to you whether or not you provide this to your employees, but you may want to avoid doing so. My caution stems from the risks associated with providing over-the-counter (OTC) medications to your employees, even though I know Vitamin C may be slightly different.
Providing OTC medications to employees may expose an employer to liability or may even violate certain state laws, so caution is advised.
While an aspirin, for example, may allow an employee with a headache to continue working and maintain productivity, even OTC medications have health risks and side effects that can be serious or even fatal. Also, some medications can cause drowsiness and result in a workplace accident.
Employers may suggest that employees take responsibility for their own OTC medications. This type of policy encourages employees to keep the one or two OTC medications they use at home in a locked desk or locker for times when they may need the medication. This option relieves the employer of any responsibility or liability for supplying medications.
Another option is for employers to add one or two basic OTC medications to first-aid kits available to employees. If employers choose to include OTC medications in a first-aid kit, it is imperative that the employer provide only single-dose packages that are properly labeled as regulated by the Food and Drug Administration, including a tamper-evident package. Employers should not offer any product that contains ingredients that are known to cause drowsiness. With proper labeling, employees are then able to self-select if available OTC medications are right for them.
When making a decision to include OTC medications in first aid kits, employers should check the OSHA regulations first as some states do not allow this at all.
Whether or not vitamins are part of this is up to you. Vitamins are already not regulated by the FDA. According to the Mayo Clinic, too much Vitamin C can cause side effects, including:
- Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
- Stomach cramps or bloating
- Fatigue and sleepiness, or sometimes insomnia
- Skin flushing
In some people, oral vitamin C supplements can cause kidney stones, especially when taken in high doses. Long-term use of oral vitamin C supplements over 2,000 milligrams a day increases the risk of significant side effects.
It may be best to have a practice of not providing OTC medications or vitamins across the board to keep you and your business safe.
Q: One of our Dental Hygienists is pregnant. She just let us know. We do not want her using Nitrous Oxide with patients while she is pregnant. Is there a form we need to use to confirm this with her?
A: While I can appreciate your concern and sentiment, I don’t recommend making this decision unilaterally for her. Treating a pregnant employee differently, even when the concern is meant as a caring gesture, can result in issues of discrimination. She may not see this issue the same way or agree with it and if her job is suddenly changed without her consent, it can create problems in terms of conflict or discrimination claims.
Instead, I would encourage you to talk with her about the issue and concern. Express that you only want what’s best for her and her baby and that you’re willing to make an adjustment to her work duties if that’s what she and/or her treating physician believe is best for the duration of her pregnancy, but the decision is hers to make. See how she responds.
If she agrees to not work with Nitrous, you can simply make that accommodation and move forward. There is no required paperwork that she would need to sign if you’re simply willing to make the adjustment. You can just make a note of the conversation and the accommodation for your files. Of course, you’d want to ensure everyone understands what this accommodation means in terms of her managing her job duties going forward.
If you’d like “proof,” so-to-speak, of her need to have this accommodation, then you may ask for her to provide certification documentation from her treating physician.
If she’d rather move forward and not have an accommodation, then you will need to allow it. In this case, you could document that you spoke with her about your Nitrous concerns and offered to make adjustments to her work duties, which she denied. This could be put into a memo and signed by all parties.
Q: I have an employee who will often roll her eyes or have adverse body language when a Supervisor is trying to communicate areas that need improvement. For example, this employee recently did not perform a required task. When approached about the issue, the Supervisor was met with eyerolls. What can I do about this? How do I address this?
A: Of course, this type of behavior does not have to be tolerated. It is unprofessional, disrespectful, and can impact someone’s overall performance standings with the employer. As such, it can definitely be addressed.
In terms of addressing this initially, you could issue a verbal or written warning. This can happen on two levels: 1) the task wasn’t done, and 2) body language during the conversation with the Supervisor who was providing constructive feedback. For the body language, you might say something like this:
“When __________ was constructively discussing the fact that you did not complete an assigned task, as mentioned, ___________witnessed you rolling your eyes at her while she was talking to you. The act of rolling your eyes during a conversation is disrespectful and not appropriate. This also signals that you were not taking the feedback seriously. We expect your non-verbal communication to be managed at all times such that it is respectful to everyone, but especially when your Supervisor is providing feedback on your performance.”
If the behavior continues beyond this, then you may have to consider taking further measures to correct this and it may lead to termination if it is not stopped.
New York State Employers Must Provide Paid Leave for COVID-19 Vaccination purposes?
The new legislation, which is effective immediately and sunsets on December 31, 2022, provides the following:
- All New York employees must receive a paid leave of absence for “a sufficient period of time” not to exceed four hours per vaccine injection. In other words, employees may be entitled to up to eight hours of paid time off if receiving a two-injection COVID-19 vaccine.
- This leave must be paid at the employee’s regular rate of pay.
- Employers cannot require employees to use other available leave (such as sick leave or vacation time) before providing this leave.
Furthermore, the new law prohibits discrimination or retaliation against any employee who exercises their rights under the law, is silent as to any retroactive effect, if any, and does not provide any information as to the types of documentation employers can request from employees seeking this leave.
New Jersey Protects Off-Duty Recreational Marijuana Use?
Governor Phil Murphy has signed the New Jersey Cannabis Regulatory, Enforcement Assistance, and Marketplace Modernization Act. Once fully in place, New Jersey will be the first state in the nation to protect employees from almost any adverse employment action triggered by off-duty recreational marijuana activity.
The new law continues certain fundamental employer prerogatives and rights, such as:
- Does not require employers to permit employees to use or possess marijuana or marijuana products during work hours or to work while under the influence.
- It is not intended to allow driving under the influence of, or impaired by, cannabis or cannabis products, or supersede marijuana DUI/impairment laws.
- Does not restrict or preempt legal obligations to maintain a “drug-free workplace” (laws prohibiting illegal activity in the workplace, but not mandating testing) and employers may be able to test if compliance would lead to a “provable adverse impact” under “requirements of a federal contract.”
Although testing is not prohibited, employers cannot refuse to hire any person or take adverse action against an employee solely because they use or test positive for cannabis. Further, New Jersey will permit adverse action following a positive test only if the employer’s testing program uses scientifically valid methods and a Certified Workplace Impairment Recognition Expert has deemed the individual to be impaired.
It is No Longer Legal to Round Meal and Rest Periods in California?
On February 25, 2021, in Donohue v. AMN Services, LLC, S253677, the California Supreme Court held that rounding time at the meal period is not proper. This ruling concluded that an employer’s rounding up of a shortened meal period through a clock mechanism effectually deprived employees of premium pay which could not be reconciled against additional minutes even when rounding resulted in additional compensation for time off.
As a result, employers should ensure that any clocked meal or rest periods are accurately measured. California employers who wish to use rounding practices for meal period calculations should immediately seek legal advice in light of this opinion.
Colorado Clarified the Public Health Emergency Leave Requirement for New Hires and Part-Time Employees?
On February 23, 2021, the Colorado Department of Labor and Employment (CDLE) issued revisions to the Wage Protection Rules relating to Colorado employers paid sick leave obligations under the Healthy Families and Workplaces Act (HFWA). While the CDLE only made a handful of changes, they are nonetheless important, particularly with respect to the obligation to provide public health emergency leave (PHEL).
First, the rules make clear that the amount of PHEL to which part-time employees are entitled is tied to when the employee requests PHEL. Full-time employees (employees who work at least 40 hours per week) are entitled to 80 hours of PHEL under the law, but it was previously unclear what amount of PHEL employers needed to provide to part-time employees. The statute’s text and the prior version of the rules provided that such employees were entitled to leave equal to the amount they work in a 14-day period, but it was unclear to which actual 14-day period this language referred. The rules now provide that part-time employees receive PHEL in “the greater of the number of hours the employee (a) is scheduled for work or paid leave in the 14-day period after the leave request, or (b) actually worked in the 14-day period prior to the declaration of the public health emergency or the leave request, whichever is later.”
The second change makes clear that employees who are hired during a public health emergency are entitled to PHEL, regardless of their date of hire.
These rules do not officially take effect until April 14, 2021, but employers can/should rely on them immediately since the modifications to the rules “clarify, but do not change, substantive rights or responsibilities” under the law.
Permanent COVID-19 Standard Adopted
Governor Ralph Northam approved the final permanent standard on January 27, 2021 for preventing COVID-19 in the workplace. This applies to all employers in Virginia. It supersedes the previous temporary standard that expired on January 26, 2021.
The new requirement mostly mirrors the previous one which requires employers to implement measures to help slow the transmission of, and protect workers from, COVID-19.
A few changes:
- Relaxes reporting obligation. Employers are now required to report to the Virginia Department of Health when two or more of its employees test positive for COVID-19 within a 14-day period.
- Modifies the return-to-work requirements for infected employees. Removes the test-based approach, meaning that employers should not require a negative COVID-19 test as a condition of returning to work. Instead, employers must rely on a symptom-based standard that is consistent with current guidance from the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC).
- A “face covering” must be worn over the nose and mouth and fit snuggly under the chin, and cannot have exhalation valves or vents.
- Clarifies that a face shield does not qualify as a “face covering.” If a face covering cannot be worn due to a medical condition, an employee must wear one of two types of face shields.
- Requires employers with hazards or job tasks classified in the “very high,” “high,” or “medium” risk categories to implement enhanced ventilation controls for air-handling systems that are under their control, such as increasing airflow to occupied spaces (provided that it does not create a greater hazard), increasing air filtration, and using natural ventilation in ground transportation settings.
Increased protections for Pregnant Workers
Governor Doug Ducey signed into law House Bill (H.B.) 2045, which expands protections for pregnant workers under Arizona law and applies to employers with 15 or more employees. The measure amends the Arizona Civil Rights Act (ACRA) to mirror existing protections under the federal Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978, which amended Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Arizona legislators passed H.B. 2045 because the ACRA did not previously contain express protections for pregnancy and related conditions. To address the gap between state and federal law, Arizona legislators amended the ACRA to allow the Arizona Attorney General’s Office to investigate and enforce these protections under state law. With the governor’s signature, Arizona joins at least 27 states that have enacted laws specifically prohibiting discrimination against pregnant employees.
A New Jersey Court Ruled that Employee Complaints Concerning COVID-19 Measures May Be Protected Whistleblower Activity.
In Loeb v. Vantage Custom Classics Inc., the New Jersey Superior Court of Essex County ruled that a plaintiff could proceed with a lawsuit against his former employer under the New Jersey Conscientious Employee Protection Act (CEPA). This lawsuit is in regards to Loeb’s alleged termination in retaliation for expressing concerns about worker safety and seeking to implement various COVID-19-related safety protocols and measures.
CEPA, New Jersey’s whistleblower protection law, prohibits all New Jersey employers from retaliating against employees who disclose, object to, or refuse to participate in actions that the employee reasonably believes are illegal or in violation of public policy. The New Jersey courts have interpreted “public policy” broadly. In Loeb, the court concluded that the various COVID-19 guidelines issued by New Jersey Gov. Phil Murphy, OSHA, and the CDC were a sufficient basis for the plaintiff to base his CEPA claim.
This opinion suggests CEPA may protect employees who complain to employers about feeling unsafe at work due to COVID-19 from retaliation, such as discipline or termination, even if those complaints were made at the very beginning of the pandemic. Employers should be mindful of the COVID-19-related safety protocols they implement and take care not to retaliate against employees who do not feel safe in the workplace due to COVID-19.
Connecticut Enacts Banning Discrimination Based on Ethnic Traits.
On March 4, 2021, Governor Ned Lamont signed legislation prohibiting discrimination on the basis of ethnic traits historically associated with race. The “Creating a Respectful and Open World for Natural Hair,” also known as the CROWN Act (Bill No. 6515), amends the definition of race in the state’s anti-discrimination laws to be “inclusive of ethnic traits historically associated with race, including, but not limited to, hair texture and protective hairstyles.”
The CROWN Act is effective immediately. It is now an unlawful employment practice to discriminate against employees and applicants on the basis of ethnic traits, such as protective hairstyles. The term “protective hairstyles” is defined as “wigs, headwraps and hairstyles such as individual braids, cornrows, locs, twists, Bantu knots, afros and afro puffs.” The law does not limit the definition of “ethnic traits” to hairstyles. | <urn:uuid:a89edf31-4527-44f2-a32b-5c01d69587cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bentericksen.com/bop-newsletter-spring-2021/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.956883 | 5,671 | 1.6875 | 2 |
From The Intelligencer of Wheeling:
Members of the Medical Cannabis Advisory Board were announced by the state Department of Health and Human Resources. Nine are from the Charleston-Huntington corridor.
Given the need to include key state officials on the panel, some geographic imbalance is necessary. But given the imperative to get medical marijuana rules right, representation from other areas of the state is important, too.
State officials plan to enlist expertise from outside the board. Dr. William Mercer, Ohio County’s health director, said he has been told his input will be sought.
That is a good thing. Mercer is among health care professionals with distinctly mixed feelings about legalizing marijuana for medicinal use.
Involving people with questions such as Mercer’s will be critical to ensure appropriate safeguards against abuse are put in place.
State officials should reconsider the composition of the panel. Both geographically and in outlooks on the issue, the widest possible range of expertise is needed to get this one right. | <urn:uuid:da049cf9-4078-493f-b52f-a8edb67ff93c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wvpress.org/breaking-news/opinion-consider-expanding-marijuana-panel/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.959506 | 204 | 1.773438 | 2 |
One method to convert 724/866 to a decimal is by using the division method. Before we move ahead to the method, here is a quick recap on fractions: A fraction is a number representation that is broken down into two parts - the number on top is called the numerator, and the number on the bottom is called the denominator. To get a decimal using the division method, simply divide the numerator 724 by the denominator 866:
724 (numerator) ÷ 866 (denominator) = 0.84
And there you go! We got 0.84 as the answer when you convert 724/866 to a decimal. | <urn:uuid:07805fd7-9c35-42af-86c8-4906d9156923> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hellothinkster.com/math-questions/decimals/what-is-724-866-as-a-decimal | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.884796 | 139 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Nursing Professional Development (NPD) practice has been experiencing major changes in the last 10 years since the last American Nurses Association NPD Scope and Standards were written. During this time, we have seen an escalation of online education, an expanded target audience, and increased expectations for metrics and measurable outcomes. We have also seen changing expectations for competency and patient safety; and the overall impact of globalization, generational, and cultural diversity; creating a dynamic practice and learning environment. Consequently, a new set of scope and standards needed to be developed that could provide not only current but also future direction for the NPD Specialist.
A presentation on the NPD Scope and Standards at the 2009 Accreditation Symposium highlighted the new approach and elements in the 2009 NPD Scope and Standards. It provided an overview of the new scope and how it builds on the strong foundation of past documents. The presentation described the conceptual model that shows the multi-dimensional features of the NPD systems. The proposed scope offers a trajectory for the next few years using trends and future expectations while still recognizing the current state of practice. The standards are updated along with new standards and metrics.
Scope: Capitalizing on the knowledge and expertise of educators and leaders from health care centers, public health, academia, and the military, the new American Nurses Association NPD Scope and Standards were drafted and submitted for public comment. Building on a strong foundation of the 2000 ANA NPD Scope and Standards, there was an intentional focus placed on the expanding practice of nurses in the specialty.
The NPD role is dynamic, evolving as the specialist's environment and functions have expanded. The overall impact of the nurse's context and its influence on the way practice is considered became critical elements to the development of the new scope and standards. A number of key concepts serve as the basis for the scope. These include responsibilities, core values, technology and innovations, globalization, and competency.
Responsibilities: NPD responsibilities have expanded and will vary based on the position and practice environment requirements. The key responsibilities include, but are not limited to, career development guidance, education, leadership, program management, and assurance of compliance to a variety of regulating entities.
Core Values: NPD core values in the new document are the same or closely reflect those of the ANCC CNE Accreditation Program. Of importance are the values that emphasize knowledge management, innovation and competence, mentoring/peer review, inter-professional networking and the inclusion of relevant stakeholders, and inclusiveness so that each program emphasizes integrity, accountability, responsiveness, and diversity.
Technology and Innovation: Advances in technology are driving the NDP Specialist to become innovative. Innovations in approaches to presenting information make CE learning easier and more interesting. Examples include the use of color, illustrations, and graphics in electronic media. Technology is also advancing how the NPD Specialist can manage one's practice, including program administration and financial management.
Globalization: Our educational programs may now be available across nations for different cultures and even different languages. Relevance now means adapting educational opportunities to meet a target audience's professional learning needs, abilities, and skills. Globalization challenges the need to assure quality in the development, implementation, and evaluation of CE learning. Advances in technology are a major driver by increasing electronic and internet access to information.
Competence: The theme that practice must reflect competence serves as a basic principle for NPDs whether in CE or other roles. Competence applies to any role and any responsibility. It sets the expectation for the public that our practice's ultimate goal is to assure safe, high quality health services for all. Competence is expected from the basic nursing degree through to advanced practice or certification.
Model: A new framework was created that attempted to operationalize the former domain model as a professional development system with inputs, throughputs, outputs, and influential aspects that would be inclusive of all domains. The model accommodates all practice and learning environments, and all settings and modes of learning.
Inputs were conceptualized as learning and practice environments. Throughputs were addressed as developmental processes that are included under the umbrella of nursing professional development, specifically orientation, competency, in-service, continuing education, career development and role transition, research and scholarship, and academic partnerships. The principles of evidence-based practice and practice-based evidenced were placed at the center of the NPD processes to demonstrate that these principles serve as scientific underpinnings. The outputs were viewed as learning, change, professional role and growth. The protection of the public and provision of quality care remain as the ultimate outcomes of the system. The feedback loop of the system was conceptualized as the influence the outputs/outcomes had on the throughputs and on the inputs of learning and the NPD practice environment.
The new model reflects the flexibility, diversity, and dynamic aspects in the specialty. The specialist may function in one or more of the major throughput processes of the practice, and may move in and out of the roles over time. However the input, output, and the feedback loop will vary with change. For CE, the needs assessment gathers information on the environmental factors and those of the learners. The educational content, objectives, and teaching/learning approach the main processes in the throughput of the system. The output/outcomes depend on the processes and reflect met or unmet identified needs. Thus output/outcomes vary widely, yet they all yield important information and more importantly, all influence future learning and practice.
The principles of evidence-based practice, while highly desirable, are still in the early stages of developmental for the NPD specialty. There is little research that identifies and validates best practices. However, since its inception, the specialty has drawn on the well-known principles in education and adult learning. In some practice areas such as medical-surgical, pregnancy and newborn care, and rehabilitation, there is a growing body of research that provides content guidelines for best nursing practice.
Practice-based evidence depends on the NPD's practice environments systemically collecting data for analyses that document best practices and that hopefully can be generalized to other settings. Some NPD practice environments are well suited to this type of contribution, and others are limited. The specialty as a whole will continue to develop as each NPD environment contributes its strengths to the specialty.
Standards: Using the ANA's general Standards of practice, the NPD Standards are focused on the nursing process and professional practice. For assessment, technology and innovations are added, as well as the inclusion of stakeholders in the process. Identification of issues and trends replaces nursing diagnosis because this is a clearer expression of the NPD process. Outcomes identification includes learner values and goals; current evidence that may support outputs or outcomes, and the more recent influences of regulation on outcomes. Planning now expressly includes the target audience, consideration of economic impacts of activities on organizations, as well as organizational changes on units that develop and offer educational activities. Implementation has the new sub-standards of coordination of activities; learning environment that promote a positive learning and practice environment; and consultation to influence the identified plans, enhance the abilities of others, and effect change. The standard of evaluation expressly involves stakeholders as well as learners.
Standards for professional practice are now focused solely on the NPD practice as distinct from a job performance appraisal which may include activities not related to NPD. The standard on performance appraisal is replaced by the professional practice evaluation measures. The standard on quality continues to be a 'bread and butter' type criterion that looks for quality in the performance of the nursing process standards. Education continues the requirement for the NPD Specialist to remain current with practice expectations. Collegiality now recognizes the need for a healthy and safe practice environment for the NPD Specialist and for the target audiences including peers, students, and others. Collaboration now includes both inter-disciplinary teams, which usually means across health related disciplines and inter-professional teams, that may include participants from any profession, most commonly the educational disciplines.
Over the past few years, requirements in ethics have significantly changed. In the CE context, the recent changes related to disclosing and resolving conflict of interest. Commercial interest entities and their contributions of support for educational activities challenge the need for unbiased, objective, and evidence-based learning opportunities. These expectations are threaded throughout Scope and the Standards.
A new standard was developed to describe and provide measurement criterion for the NPD function of advocacy. The role is broad, encompassing such work as advocating for protections and rights of individuals, families, communities, populations, healthcare providers, nursing and other professions, and institution and organizations. Both advocacy and ethics fit with the CE requirements for adhering to principles of practice, respecting codes of ethics across professions, observing confidentiality, cultural diversity and multigenerational differences.
Research is the standard that promotes evidence-based practice and practice-based evidence to further the scientific basis of the specialty. Resource utilization adds emphasis to safety, costs, efficiencies and effect. “Leadership” replaces the former standard entitled “management”, and it now includes flexibility, creativity, and culture as well as safe risk taking. NPD professionals often need to chart new approaches given the rapid changes in technologies, expanded professional and audience expectations, economic issues, and access to learning issues.
The ANA NPD Scope and Standards have been subjected to public comment. The task force was charged with addressing issues from the input by nurses throughout the profession. It is the goal that the revised ANA NPD Scope and Standards will move Nursing Professional Development practice to a new level.
This content is provided by American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) for publication on the Medscape.com website.
The American Nurses Credentialing Center's (ANCC) internationally renowned credentialing programs certify nurses in specialty practice areas, recognize healthcare organizations for nursing excellence through the Magnet Recognition® and Pathway to Excellence Programs, and accredit providers of continuing nursing education. In addition, ANCC offers an array of informational and educational services and products to support its core credentialing programs.
ANCC is passionate about helping nurses on their journey to nursing excellence. Visit ANCC's web site at www.nursecredentialing.org
The American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) is a subsidiary of the American Nurses Association (ANA).
ANCC © 2010 American Nurses Credentialing Center
Cite this: Dora Bradley PhD, M. Beth Benedict. The ANA Professional Nursing Development Scope and Standards, 2009: A Continuing Education Perspective - Medscape - Jan 21, 2010. | <urn:uuid:ce86f965-19b6-43eb-8edf-d328ff46545b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/715465 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950431 | 2,167 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Tax Correction And Rectification: Getting It Right The Second Time
You are entitled to, and expected to, conduct your affairs in a way that will minimize the taxes you pay.
When you are carrying out a transaction, (including declaring beneficiaries, setting up shares in a company, or performing any other kind of business transaction,) you usually have an array of methods available to you. Often, you rely on the advice of professionals such as accountants, business lawyers and financial planners to help you avoid unnecessary taxation.
Unfortunately, business and tax law can be complex. Some decisions end up costing you more taxes, not less.
Sometimes you only find out when the CRA reassesses you. Sometimes you find out when you hire a new accountant who spots the error.
However it happens, Junkin Law Office may be able to help you make things right.
Calling For A Redo
If a transaction does not reflect the taxpayer’s intentions, especially the tax consequences of the transaction, the courts, in certain circumstances, allow the parties to a transaction to revise the transaction to reflect the actual intention, after the fact. For rectification to be effective, a Court Order is needed.
There are some restrictions to tax correction:
- A rectification is meant to reflect the true intention of the parties, not just a choice that you now believe would be better for you, taxwise.
- The rectification must be based on a mistake made by one or more parties.
- You cannot simply change a business arrangement if doing so would cause a disadvantage to one of the parties of the current arrangement. The remedy is supposed to create a fair result.
- The rectification relates back to the time of execution of the transaction.
- There must be some kind of evidence of the tax-related intent.
The fact that the CRA might lose taxes if you succeed in tax rectification is not a consideration. However, if the CRA believes the process is being abused, and that the parties did not make a mistake or did not intend to avoid paying taxes, CRA may challenge your position in court.
Contact Junkin Law Office
Let our office help you rectify honest mistakes. Call us at 604-239-3346 or online to find out how we can help. We represent businesses throughout North Vancouver, Langley, Surrey and surrounding areas. | <urn:uuid:1a83903b-ce77-4ad5-a23e-bc0408a08061> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.junkinlaw.ca/tax-correction-rectification/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.922196 | 480 | 1.507813 | 2 |
When women reach menopause, the ovarian function begins to disappear and the adrenal gland continues to produce sex hormones. Therefore, the adrenal gland should be provided with adequate nutrition. In this period, the estrogen gradually decreases, the absorption of calcium is weakened, and a large amount of calcium will also be excreted from the urine, and the phenomenon of lack of calcium such as tension, irritability, insomnia, headache, depression and so on will appear one after another. At this time, if you pay attention to vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, the condition will improve.
The demand for vitamin E will also increase greatly during the period of menopause. If you take a proper amount of vitamin E every day, the red fever and night sweat on your face will not occur. | <urn:uuid:77216591-dd26-4519-b68f-5f85d31d9dff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thinkrecipe.com/menopause-women-pay-more-attention-on-calcium-supplement.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.891114 | 161 | 2.203125 | 2 |
This how-to video demonstrates a very simple way to aerate your wort after the boil. This method is less expensive then buying an oxygen tank, at the start yeast likes an aerated environment to begin the aerobic process of fermentation. Add oxygen to your wort to reduce the lag time for the yeast to condition themselves to your carboy. Watch this video home-brewing tutorial and learn how to oxygenate and aerate home-brewed wort for beer-making.
Want to master Microsoft Excel and take your work-from-home job prospects to the next level? Jump-start your career with our Premium A-to-Z Microsoft Excel Training Bundle from the new Gadget Hacks Shop and get lifetime access to more than 40 hours of Basic to Advanced instruction on functions, formula, tools, and more.
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- 41% off NetSpot Home Wi-Fi Analyzer: Lifetime Upgrades | <urn:uuid:32e754ca-124a-4c02-b23d-5f591b5e43c1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beer.wonderhowto.com/how-to/oxygenate-aerate-home-brewed-wort-for-beer-251216/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.848881 | 278 | 1.734375 | 2 |
6-8 ears of corn, husks and silks removed and cut in half (if desired)
1 cup milk
1 stick Challenge butter
Fill a large pot about halfway with water.
Bring water to a boil.
Add milk and butter. Add corn and reduce heat.
Simmer corn for 6 to 8 minutes.
Remove corn from cooking liquid and its ready to serve. | <urn:uuid:00449972-5bb8-4ba0-bf16-f9c80e362039> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://oxomeals.com/butter-boiled-corn-on-the-cob/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.898952 | 86 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Multiple Sclerosis Telemedicine HDUHB
This project provided a video link between MS patients (in Bronglais) and clinicians (in Morriston Hospital). Specifically the link allowed for combined sessions for a patient to see both Physiotherapy and Specialist MS clinicians. The project commenced in 2012 but is now concluded. The technology used was Polycom.
- Hywel Dda University Health Board
- Swansea Bay University Health Board
- Lessons learnt
Access to dedicated VC equipment in suitable clinical environment at Bronglais. The VC equipment was loaned for the clinic. VC equipment had reached EOL and there were no plans for replacement. Cost of health care support worker to assist the patient. Funding source. Consistent healthcare support worker familiar with Polyconn
Reduce patient travel time
Reduce patient travel costs | <urn:uuid:84638273-6cbf-4ba4-8463-ebde7e0e368d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://digitalhealth.wales/projects/multiple-sclerosis-telemedicine-hduhb | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.930056 | 174 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Allah mentions in the Qur’aan
و تلك الايام نداولها بين الناس
“And these days we rotate among mankind (conditions of prosperity and adversity)” (Al Qur’aan)
There was once an extremely wealthy man who seated himself at the supper table about to partake of the sumptuous meal that lay before him by his wife. As he was just about to begin eating a knock was heard on the door. The wife rose from her table and went to the door to see who was knocking. As she opened the door she found standing before her a beggar asking for food. When the husband saw who it was that interrupted his meal time, in a fit of rage, he rose, screamed at the poor beggar and slammed the door on his face. The beggar was devastated and dejected. He left with a heavy heart whilst the wealthy man returned to the table and enjoyed his meal.
Not very long thereafter calamity struck the wealthy man and in a short period of time he had lost all that he possessed. Overnight he was reduced to a pauper. His wife on the other hand, on account of him not being able to maintain her left the marital home.
Some years later the woman married another very wealthy man with whom she lived happily. One day as she lay the table at supper time for her husband, there was a knock on the door. She went to the door and once again found that it was a beggar asking for food. When she took a second look at the beggar, to her shock she discovered that this beggar was her ex-husband. Immediately tears welled up in her eyes and she began to cry. She quickly wiped away the tears, closed the door and returned to the table. Her husband, seeing her moistened eyes, sensed that there was something that had distressed her. He asked her as to what was it that made her cry and saddened her so much. Did he the one at the door tell her something? At first she kept silent reluctant to let her husband in as to what she had just seen. The husband however insisted that he be told the cause of her distress. She then told him that the beggar at the door was once her husband who had been very wealthy. Seeing him in this condition brought tears to her eyes.
The husband being a kind and compassionate man asked her to give away to the beggar all that which was prepared for their meal of which he had not even partaken even a morsel. The wife quickly packed away all the food and gave it to her ex-husband. After the beggar had left the husband turned to her and said, “Do you know who the beggar was that your ex-husband had screamed at and drove away from his door?” She replied, “No”. He replied, “I was the beggar that time.”
What we have today here is no guarantee that it will be with us tomorrow. Countless of incidents tell of people that become wealthy overnight and countless of incidents tell of those who become paupers overnight. From rags to riches and from riches to rags can happen to anyone. This is the system of Allah Ta’ala. When ingratitude is shown for His bounties, then these are snatched away and when patience is exercised over difficulties then tables are sure to turn.
If the above story seems far -fetched then the annals of South African history tell of a man who languished in a prison cell for 27 long years only thereafter to occupy the highest seat of power in the country. If this is not the system of Allah Ta’ala that brings the lowest of the low to the highest of the high then what else can it be?
One day you are the landlord/boss/millionaire and the next day you are the tenant/worker/pauper.
May Allah Ta’ala protect us from pride, haughtiness and arrogance that stem from that which we possess, lest tomorrow we too suffer a fate similar to the man in the above story. | <urn:uuid:424fb360-d141-4933-8404-7e4638c87bdd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jamiat.org.za/tables-turned/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.991562 | 860 | 2.296875 | 2 |
There is a long history of pronounced awareness of environmental issues and responsible use of resources and energy at JURA. This is why JURA focuses on automatic coffee machines and coffee pleasure – freshly ground, not capsuled. JURA designs its machines so that they can be maintained and kept in service for many years, for long-lasting coffee pleasure. This philosophy is a deliberate reaction against the throw-away mentality.
By preparing coffee fresh from fresh beans, you are helping to avoid unnecessary packaging waste. Furthermore, the coffee grounds can easily be composted or used for fertilising plants, thus saving valuable resources.
JURA coffee machines feature innovative technologies and energy-saving modes which help to avoid unnecessary electricity consumption and actively save energy. The Energy Save Mode (E.S.M.©) can be tailored to suit your personal preferences. It offers an energy-saving potential of up to 40%. In addition, the Zero-Energy Switch reduces standby energy to less than 0.1 W. | <urn:uuid:87058cb8-230a-4335-ae87-e7143c8c5ad3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://be.jura.com/en/purchasing-advice/weshalb-jura/nachhaltigkeit | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.920614 | 206 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Silver is employed to make stunning, heirloom-quality items like vases, serving platters, cutlery, and candlesticks. These elegant metal accessories lend an opulent bit to table settings and show shelves, however over time, exposure to light-weight and air will build the shiny end seem boring or damaged.
Since these items square measure meant to be displayed or used, silver things sporadically want a bit of maintenance. luckily, cleanup silver does not need to be tedious. With some storeroom ingredients, like salt and sodium bicarbonate, you’ll build straightforward work of removing tarnish from silver things.
STEP 1: Take Care Of Silver
For routine care, a fast wash-in cleaner water is an ample thanks to keeping silver shiny. combine some drops of delicate washup soap in heat water and gently wash silver items. Rinse and buff dry with a soft cloth. In between cleanings, store silver in a cool, dry place to stop excess tarnish.
STEP 2: Cleaning Silver Naturally
Cleaning damaged silver (even heavily damaged pieces) is achieved with an easy home-brewed resolution, and you probably have already got all the ingredients that you simply want. cleanup silver with a mix of foil, sodium bicarbonate, and salt will the trick for each tiny and enormous silver item. strive these straightforward techniques to scrub damaged silver and watch grime wash away before your eyes.
Add 1/4 cup sodium bicarbonate and a couple of teaspoons of kosher salt to the water and stir. you must see bubbles type.
Place silver items within the resolution and blend gently in order that items don’t ram into each other or the edges of the pan.
Let sit for up to five minutes. Once cool, take away and dry totally with a soft cloth.
STEP 3: Cleaning Giant Silver Items
Use your sink as a vessel for cleanup larger silver things, like large trays, candlesticks, and serving dishes.
Line your sink with foil. Again, make certain to hide the complete surface, as well as the perimeters.
Pour boiling water into the sink. Use enough water in order that your items are absolutely submerged.
Add one cup sodium bicarbonate and one cup salt to the water. Stir the mixture. Bubbles can type.
Place silver items within the resolution.
Allow items to soak for up to half-hour.
Remove things once cool and dry them off with a soft cloth. Your silver items ought to currently be shinier and free from tarnish. they are prepared to use or show with pride, and you may ne’er be left inquisitive the way to clean silver again!
STEP 4: Cleaning Silver With Vinegar
For a lot of vigorous silver sharpening, incorporate the cleanup power of vinegar, too. This methodology works particularly well for cleanup tableware. once lining your pan or sink with foil, add one tablespoon sodium bicarbonate and one tablespoon kosher salt to the aluminum-lined dish. Pour 1/2 cup distilled white vinegar into the dish and also the mixture can begin to bubble.
Add one to two cups of boiling water (you’ll want enough liquid to utterly submerge your silver pieces). Place items into the dish during a single layer. Soak gently damaged items for thirty seconds or up to three minutes for a lot of heavily damaged items. take away things with pair of tongs, dry, and buff.
Use our straightforward tips about the way to clean silver (plus steps for the way to shine silver and forestall tarnish) to urge your accessories to sparkle once more. It will become more convenient for you to get better results. | <urn:uuid:eb86d9a4-c8a5-4384-b549-5259484b25c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cleaningscope.com/how-to-clean-silver/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.906317 | 770 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Dr. Josh Axe is also the author of the book “Keto Diet: Your 30-Day Plan to Lose Weight, Balance Hormones, Boost Brain Health, and Reverse Disease” (February 2019, published by Little, Brown Spark) and the recent Keto Diet Cookbook.
Unlike many fad diets that come and go with very limited rates of long-term success, the ketogenic diet (or keto diet) has been practiced for more than nine decades (since the 1920s) and is based upon a solid understanding of physiology and nutrition science.
The keto diet works for such a high percentage of people because it targets several key, underlying causes of weight gain — including hormonal imbalances, especially insulin resistance coupled with high blood sugar levels, and the cycle of restricting and “binging” on empty calories due to hunger that so many dieters struggle with. In fact, these are some of the direct benefits of the keto diet.
Rather than relying on counting calories, limiting portion sizes, resorting to extreme exercise or requiring lots of willpower, this low-carb diet takes an entirely different approach to weight loss and health improvements. It works because it changes the very “fuel source” that the body uses to stay energized: namely, from burning glucose (or sugar) to dietary fat, courtesy of keto diet recipes and the keto diet food list items, including high-fat, low-carb foods.
Making that switch will place your body in a state of “ketosis,” when your body becomes a fat burner rather than a sugar burner. Fortunately, if you’re new to this type of eating plan, a keto diet for beginners, or keto basics, is surprising simple to follow. Here’s how to do the keto diet:
- Reduce one’s carb intake.
- Increase your consumption of healthy fats, which help create satiety.
- Without glucose coursing through your body, it’s now forced to burn fat and produce ketones instead.
- Once the blood levels of ketones rise to a certain point, you officially reach ketosis.
- This state results in consistent, fairly quick weight loss until your body reaches a healthy and stable weight.
What Is the Keto Diet?
What is the ketogenic diet exactly? The classic ketogenic diet is a very low-carb diet plan that was originally designed in the 1920s for patients with epilepsy by researchers working at Johns Hopkins Medical Center.
Researchers found that fasting — avoiding consumption of all foods for a brief period of time (such as with intermittent fasting), including those that provide carbohydrates — helped reduce the amount of seizures patients suffered, in addition to having other positive effects on body fat, blood sugar, cholesterol and hunger levels. (1)
Unfortunately, long-term fasting is not a feasible option for more than a few days, therefore the keto diet was developed to mimic the same beneficial effects of fasting.
Essentially, the keto diet for beginners works by “tricking” the body into acting as if its fasting (while reaping intermittent fasting benefits), through a strict elimination of glucose that is found in carbohydrate foods. Today the standard keto diet goes by several different names, including the “low-carbohydrate” or “very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet”(LCKD or VLCKD for short).
At the core of the classic keto diet is severely restricting intake of all or most foods with sugar and starch (carbohydrates). These foods are broken down into sugar (insulin and glucose) in our blood once we eat them, and if these levels become too high, extra calories are much more easily stored as body fat and results in unwanted weight gain. However, when glucose levels are cut off due to low-carb intake, the body starts to burn fat instead and produces ketones that can be measured in the blood (using urine strips, for example).
Keto diets, like most low carb diets, work through the elimination of glucose. Because most folks live on a high carb diet, our bodies normally run on glucose (or sugar) for energy. We cannot make glucose and only have about 24 hours’ worth stored in our muscle tissue and liver. Once glucose is no longer available from food sources, we begin to burn stored fat instead, or fat from our food.
Therefore, when you’re following a ketogenic diet plan for beginners, your body is burning fat for energy rather than carbohydrates, so in the process most people lose weight and excess body fat rapidly, even when consuming lots of fat and adequate calories through their daily food intake. Another major benefit of the keto diet is that there’s no need to count calories, feel hungry or attempt to burn loads of calories through hours of intense exercise.
In some ways, it’s similar to the Atkins diet, which similarly boosts the body’s fat-burning abilities through eating only low-carb foods, along with getting rid of foods high in carbs and sugar. Removing glucose from carbohydrate foods will cause the body to burn fat for energy instead. The major differences between the classic keto and the Atkins diet is the former emphasizes healthier keto fats, less overall protein and no processed meat (such as bacon) while having more research to back up its efficacy.
In fact, those differences with Atkins outline some of the popular keto diet myths, such as it being another high-protein plan, recommending any type of fat and that barely any science research backs up the benefits. These are nutrition lies, plain and simple.
So is the keto diet healthy? If it’s done Atkins style? No. But if relying on healthy fats, greens and organic meats? Very much so.
What Is Ketosis?
What does “keto” stand for exactly? Keto is short for ketosis, which is the result of following the standard ketogenic diet, which is why it’s also sometimes called “the ketosis diet” or “ketosis diet plan.”
Following a ketogenic diet puts your body into a state of “ketosis,” which is a metabolic state that occurs when most of the body’s energy comes from ketone bodies in the blood, rather than from glucose from carbohydrate foods (like grains, all sources of sugar or fruit, for example). This is in contrast to a glycolytic state, where blood glucose (sugar) provides most of the body’s fuel (or energy).
This state can also be achieved by multiple days of total fasting, but that isn’t sustainable beyond a few days. (It’s why some keto diet plans for beginners combine intermittent fasting with keto for greater weight loss effects.)
Although dietary fat (especially saturated fat) often gets a bad name, provoking fear of weight gain and heart disease, it’s also your body’s second preferred source of energy when carbohydrates are not easily accessible.
How Do You Get Into Ketosis?
So many people ask, does the keto diet work? Yes, of course, but only if you can get your body into ketosis. Here’s how you get your body into ketosis and start burning body fat for fuel in a keto diet for beginners:
- Consumption of glucose from carbohydrate foods — grains, starchy vegetables, fruit, etc. — is cut way down.
- This forces your body to find an alternative fuel source: fat (think avocados, coconut oil, salmon).
- Meanwhile, in the absence of glucose, the body also starts to burn fat and produces ketones instead.
- Once ketone levels in the blood rise to a certain point, you enter into a state of ketosis.
- This state of high ketone levels results in quick and consistent weight loss until you reach a healthy, stable body weight.
Wondering how many carb foods you can eat and still be “in ketosis”? The traditional ketogenic diet, created for those with epilepsy consisted of getting about 75 percent of calories from sources of fat (such as oils or fattier cuts of meat), 5 percent from carbohydrates and 20 percent from protein. For most people a less strict version (what I call a “modified keto diet”) can still help promote weight loss in a safe, and often very fast, way.
In order to transition and remain in this state, aiming for about 30–50 net grams is typically the recommended amount of total carbs to start with. This is considered a more moderate or flexible approach but can be less overwhelming to begin with.
Once you’re more accustomed to “eating keto,” you can choose to lower carbs even more if you’d like (perhaps only from time to time), down to about 20 grams of net carbs daily. This is considered the standard, “strict” amount that many keto dieters aim to adhere to for best results, but remember that everyone is a bit different.
6 Main Benefits of the Keto Diet
1. Weight loss
Of the many benefits of a keto diet, weight loss is often considered No. 1., as it can often be substantial and happen quickly (especially for those who start out very overweight or obese). The 2013 study published in the British Journal of Nutrition found that those following a keto diet “achieved better long-term body weight and cardiovascular risk factor management when compared with individuals assigned to a conventional low-fat diet (i.e. a restricted-energy diet with less than 30 percent of energy from fat).” (2)
A 2014 keto diet review published in the International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health states:
One of the most studied strategies in the recent years for weight loss is the ketogenic diet. Many studies have shown that this kind of nutritional approach has a solid physiological and biochemical basis and is able to induce effective weight loss along with improvement in several cardiovascular risk parameters. (3)
In part, keto diet weight loss is a real thing because high-fat, low-carb diets can both help diminish hunger and boost weight loss through their hormonal effects. As described above, when we eat very little foods that supply us with carbohydrates, we release less insulin. With lower insulin levels, the body doesn’t store extra energy in the form of fat for later use, and instead is able to reach into existing fat stores for energy.
Keto diets are high in healthy fats and protein also tend to be very filling, which can help reduce overeating of empty calories, sweets and junk foods. (4) For most people eating a healthy low-carb diet, it’s easy to consume an appropriate amount of calories, but not too many, since things like sugary drinks, cookies, bread, cereals, ice cream or other desserts and snack bars are off-limits.
Often caused by lymph node removal or damage due to cancer treatment, lymphedema occurs because there’s a blockage in the lymphatic system and results in the swelling in leg or arm. A 2017 study involved patients who suffered from obesity and lymphedema and who embarked on a 18-week ketogenic diet. Weight and limb volume was significantly reduced. (5)
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder, and it affects women of reproductive age. Symptoms include obesity, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. A pilot study took 11 women through 24 weeks of a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (20 grams or less per day). Among the five who completed the study, they lost 12 percent of their weight on average and reduced fasting insulin by 54 percent. Additionally, two women who previously experienced infertility problems became pregnant. (6)
2. Reduce Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
This process of burning fat provides more benefits than simply helping us to shed extra weight — it also helps control the release of hormones like insulin, which plays a role in development of diabetes and other health problems. When we eat carbohydrates, insulin is released as a reaction to elevated blood glucose (an increase in sugar circulating in our blood) and insulin levels rise. Insulin is a “storage hormone” that signals cells to store as much available energy as possible, initially as glycogen (aka stored carbohydrates in our muscles) and then as body fat.
The keto diet works by eliminating carbohydrates from the your daily intake and keeping the body’s carbohydrate stores almost empty, therefore preventing too much insulin from being released following food consumption and creating normal blood sugar levels. This can help reverse “insulin resistance,” which is the underlying problem contributing to diabetes symptoms. In studies, low-carb diets have shown benefits for improving blood pressure, postprandial glycemia and insulin secretion. (7)
Therefore, diabetics on insulin should contact their medical provider prior to starting a ketogenic diet, however, as insulin dosages may need to be adjusted.
3. Reduce Risk of Heart Disease
The keto diet can reduce the risk of heart disease markers, including high cholesterol and triglycerides. (8) In fact, the keto diet is unlikely to negatively impact your cholesterol levels despite being so high in fat. Moreover, it’s capable of lowering cardiovascular disease risk factors, especially in those who are obese. (9)
One study, for example, found that adhering to the ketogenic diet and keto diet foods list for 24 weeks resulted in decreased levels of triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and blood glucose in a significant percentage of patients, while at the same time increasing the level of HDL cholesterol. (10)
4. Help Protect Against Cancer
Certain studies suggest that keto diets may “starve” cancer cells. A highly processed, pro-inflammatory, low-nutrient foods can feed cancer cells causing them to proliferate. What’s the connection between high-sugar consumption and cancer? The regular cells found in our bodies are able to use fat for energy, but it’s believed that cancer cells cannot metabolically shift to use fat rather than glucose. (11)
There are several medical studies — such as two conducted by the Department of Radiation Oncology at the Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center for the University of Iowa, and the National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, for example — that show the ketogenic diet is an effective treatment for cancer and other serious health problems. (12)
Therefore, a keto diet that eliminates excess refined sugar and other processed carbohydrates may be effective in reducing or fighting cancer. It’s not a coincidence that some of the best cancer-fighting foods are on the keto diet food list.
5. Fight Brain Disease and Neurological Disorders
Over the past century, ketogenic diets have also been used as natural remedies to treat and even help reverse neurological disorders and cognitive impairments, including epilepsy, Alzheimer’s symptoms, manic depression and anxiety.
Research shows that cutting off glucose levels with a very low-carb diet makes your body produce ketones for fuel. This change can help to reverse neurological disorders and cognitive impairment, including inducing seizure control. The brain is able to use this alternative source of energy instead of the cellular energy pathways that aren’t functioning normally in patients with brain disorders.
A related clinical diet for drug-resistant epilepsy is called the medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet, in which MCT oil is extensively used because it’s more ketogenic than long-chain triglycerides. (13) Another dietary therapy for epilepsy called Low Glycemic Index Treatment (LGIT) was developed in 2002 as an alternative to the keto diet. LGIT monitors the total amount of carbohydrates consumed daily, and focuses on carbohydrates that have a low glycemic index.) (14)
Clinical improvement was observed in Alzheimer’s patients fed a ketogenic diet, and this was marked by improved mitochondrial function. (15) In fact, a European Journal of Clinical Nutrition study pointed to emerging data that suggested the therapeutic use of ketogenic diets for multiple neurological disorders beyond epilepsy and Alzheimer’s, including headaches, neurotrauma, Parkinson’s disease, sleep disorders, brain cancer, autism and multiple sclerosis. (16)
The report goes on to say that while these various diseases are clearly different from each other, the ketogenic diet appears to be so effective for neurological problems because of its “neuroprotective effect” — as the keto appears to correct abnormalities in cellular energy usage, which is a common characteristic in many neurological disorders.
In mouse models, a study showed that a keto diet could slow disease progression for both ALS and Huntington’s diseases. In fact, more than one animal study has discovered a potential benefits of the low-carb, high-fat diet or intermittent fasting in delaying weight loss, managing glucose and protecting neurons from injury. (17, 18)
Interestingly, it’s also been shown to slow disease progression in mouse models of both ALS and Huntington’s diseases.
Researchers believe that the ketogenic diet can also help patients with schizophrenia to normalize the pathophysiological processes that are causing symptoms like delusions, hallucinations, lack of restraint and unpredictable behavior. One study found that the keto diet lead to elevated concentrations of kynurenic acid (KYNA) in the hippocampus and striatum, which promotes neuroactive activity. Some studies even point to the elimination of gluten as a possible reason for improved symptoms, as researchers observed that patients with schizophrenia tended to eat more carbohydrates immediately before a psychotic episode. (19)
Although the exact role of the keto diet in mental and brain disorders is unclear, there has been proof of its efficacy in patients with schizophrenia. And, to boot, it works to reverse many conditions that develop as a side effect of conventional medications for brain disorders, like weight gain, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risks. More research is needed to understand the role of the ketogenic diet in treating or improving schizophrenia, as the current available studies are either animal studies or case studies, but the benefits of a low carbohydrate, high-fat diet in neurology is promising.
6. Live Longer
Now, there’s even evidence that a low-carb, high-fat regimen (as the keto diet is) helps you live longer, compared to a low-fat diet. In a study by the medical journal The Lancet that studied more than 135,000 adults from 18 countries, high carbohydrate intake was associated with higher risk of total mortality, whereas total fat and individual types of fat were related to lower total mortality. Total fat and types of fat were not associated with cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction or cardiovascular disease mortality.
In fact, saturated fat intake had an inverse association with the risk for suffering from a stroke, meaning the more saturated fat someone is consuming on a daily basis, the more protection against having a stroke they seemed to have. (20)
The keto diet also appears to help induce autophagy, which helps clear damaged cells from the body, including senescent cells that serve no functional purpose but still linger inside tissues and organs. In animal studies when rats are put on the ketogenic diet, autophagic pathways are created that reduce brain injury during and after seizures. (21)
In fact, inducing autophagy is now a popular biohacking technique for helping remove signs of aging poorly and keto is one way to get there.
How to Start the Keto Diet Plan
The exact ratio of recommended macronutrients (or your “macros”) in your daily regimen (grams of carbs vs. fat vs. protein) will differ depending on your specific goals and current state of health. Your age, gender, level of activity and current body composition can also play a role in determining your carb versus fat intake.
Historically, a targeted keto diet consists of limiting carbohydrate intake to just 20–30 net grams per day. “Net carbs” is the amount of carbs remaining once dietary fiber is taken into account. Because fiber is indigestible once eaten, most people don’t count grams of fiber toward their daily carb allotment.
In other words, total carbs – grams of fiber = net carbs. That’s the carb counts that matter most.
On a “strict” (standard) keto diet, fats typically provides about 70 percent to 80 percent of total daily calories, protein about 15 percent to 20 percent, and carbohydrates just around 5 percent. However, a more “moderate” approach to the keto diet is also a good option for many people that can allow for an easier transition into very low-carb eating and more flexibility (more on these types of plans below).
What can you eat on a keto diet? Here are some good keto rules for how to do the keto diet regardless of the plan you follow:
1. Do not protein load
Something that makes the keto diet different from other low-carb diets is that it does not “protein-load.” Protein is not as big a part of the keto diet as fat is. Reason being: In small amounts, the body can change protein to glucose, which means if you eat too much of it, especially while in the beginning stages, it will slow down your body’s transition into ketosis.
Protein intake should be between one and 1.5 grams per kilogram of your ideal body weight. To convert pounds to kilograms, divide your ideal weight by 2.2. For example, a woman who weighs 150 pounds (68 kilograms) should get about 68–102 grams of protein daily.
2. Track your macros
Your “macros” are your grams of fat, protein and net carbs (not to be confused with calorie counting!). Tracking your macros and net carbs can be tricky, so I advise you download a keto app that includes a keto diet calculator. It will help keep you on track.
3. Consider using some keto supplements for greater success
A popular keto supplement are exogenous ketones (popularly called “keto diet pills”) that may help you achieve results earlier as well as remain in that state. (Don’t confuse exogenous ketones with raspberry ketones, as the latter don’t raise ketone levels in the body or mimic endogenous ketones, so you wouldn’t use raspberry ketones in your regimen.)
Also, consider supplementing with the amino acid leucine, as it can be broken down directly into acetyl-CoA, making it one of the most important ketogenic amino acids in the body. While most other amino acids are converted into glucose, the acetyl-CoA formed from leucine can be used to make ketone bodies. It’s also present in keto friendly foods like eggs and cottage cheese.
4. Drink water!
It’s important to also drink lots of water, the most important of all keto drinks. Getting enough water helps keep you from feeling fatigued, is important for digestion and aids in hunger suppression. It’s also needed for detoxification. Aim to drink 10–12 eight-ounce glasses a day.
5. Do NOT cheat
Lastly, no cheat days and not even cheat meals on the keto diet! Why?! Because a meal with far too many carbs will take you right out of ketosis and put you back at square one.
That being said, if you do succumb and indulge in a cheat meal, expect a return of some of the keto flu symptoms … but also be comforted by the knowledge that if you’re reached ketosis in the past, your body will be able to get back soon again and perhaps more quickly than originally.
9 Keto Diet Types
What is the keto diet again? And is the keto diet safe and healthy? Well, with a diet this popular, many versions and keto meal plans tend to emerge, so the answer to both questions somewhat depends on what version of the ketogenic plan you try. At present, we’re at nine types of the keto diet!
Wondering how many carb foods you can eat and still be “in ketosis”? The traditional ketogenic meal plan created for those with epilepsy and is very strict with its percentages of macronutrients. But there are several other types of keto diet plans out there as well.
Here are most common keto diet types:
- Standard ketogenic diet (SKD): consists of getting about 75 percent of calories from sources of fat (such as oils or fattier cuts of meat), 5 percent from carbohydrates and 20 percent from protein.
- Modified ketogenic diet (MKD): this keto meal plan reduces carbohydrates to 30 percent of their total calorie intake, while increasing fat and protein to 40 percent and 30 percent respectively.
- Cyclical ketogenic diet (CKD): If you find it difficult to stick to a very low-carb diet every day, especially for months on end, you might want to consider a carb-cycling diet instead. Carb cycling increases carbohydrate intake (and sometimes calories in general) only at the right time and in the right amounts, usually about 1–2 times per week (such as on weekends).
- Targeted ketogenic diet (TKD): This eating plan simply tells you to follow the keto diet BUT allows you to add carbs around workouts. So on the days you exercise, you will be eating carbohydrates.
- Restricted ketogenic diet (RKD): Designed to treat cancer, this ketogenic meal plan restricts calories as well as carbohydrates. Some studies indicate that calorie restriction and ketosis may help treat cancer.
- High-protein ketogenic diet (HPKD): This version of the keto diet is often followed by folks who want to preserve their muscle mass like bodybuilders and older people. Rather than protein making up 20 percent of the diet, here it’s 30 percent. Meanwhile, fat goes down to 65 percent of the diet and carbs stay at 5 percent. (Caution: folks with kidney issues shouldn’t up their protein too much.)
- Vegan ketogenic diet or vegetarian diet: Yes, both are possible. Instead of animal products, plenty of low-carb, nutrient-dense vegan and/or vegetarian foods are included. Nuts, seeds, low-carb fruits and veggies, leafy greens, healthy fats and fermented foods are all excellent choices on a plant-based keto diet. There’s also a similar plan called ketotarian, which combines keto with vegetarian, vegan and/or pescatarian diets for supposedly greater health benefits.
- Dirty keto diet: “Dirty” is the apt term, as these version of keto follows the same strict percentages (75/20/5 of fat/protein/carbs) but rather than focusing on healthy versions of fat like coconut oil and wild salmon, you’re free to eat naughty but still keto friendly foods like bacon, sausage, pork rinds, diet sodas and even keto fast food. I do NOT recommend this.
- Lazy keto diet: Last but not least, the Lazy keto diet often gets confused with dirty keto … but they’re different, as the “lazy” refers to simply not carefully tracking the fat and protein macros (or calories, for that matter). Meanwhile, the one aspect that remains strict? Not eating over 20 net carb grams per day. Some people find this version less intimidating to start with or end with … but I will caution that your results will be less impressive.
How to Know Keto Is Working (aka You’re in Ketosis)
In the absence of glucose, which is normally used by cells as a quick source of energy, the body starts to burn fat and produces ketone bodies instead (it’s why the keto diet is often referred to as the ketone diet). Once ketone levels in the blood rise to a certain point, you enter into a state of ketosis — which usually results in quick and consistent weight loss until you reach a healthy, stable body weight. See this keto diet review, a before and after trying keto for 30 days.
To sum up a complex process, you reach this fat-burning state when the the liver breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol, through a process called beta-oxidation. There are three primary types of ketone bodies that are water-soluble molecules produced in the liver: acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetone.
The body then further breaks down these fatty acids into an energy-rich substance called ketones that circulate through the bloodstream. Fatty acid molecules are broken down through the process called ketogenesis, and a specific ketone body called acetoacetate is formed and which supplies energy.
The end result of the “ketone diet” is staying fueled off of circulating high ketones (which are also sometimes called ketone bodies) — which is what’s responsible for altering your metabolism in a way that some people like to say turns you into a “fat-burning machine.” Both in terms of how it feels physically and mentally, along with the impact it has on the body, being in ketosis is very different than a “glycolytic state,” where blood glucose (sugar) serves as the body’s energy source.
So, is ketosis bad for you? Absolutely not. If anything, it’s the reverse. Many consider burning ketones to be a much “cleaner” way to stay energized compared to running on carbs and sugar day in and day out.
And remember, this state is not to be confused with ketoacidosis, which is a serious diabetes complication when the body produces excess ketones (or blood acids).
The goal is to keep you in this fat-burning metabolic state, in which you will lose weight until you reach your ideal set point. Some research suggests this may be a novel approach to reverse diabetes naturally.
What to Eat on Keto? Keto Diet Recipes
Regarding specific foods to include on a ketogenic diet, plus those to eliminate, here is an outline of what you might choose to grocery shop for:
- Eat lots of different vegetables, especially: leafy greens, mushrooms, tomatoes, carrots, broccoli, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, spinach, kale, sea veggies, peppers, etc. Some of these should keto fiber foods that help keep your net carbs low.
- Healthy food choices that are high in protein but low-carb or no-carb include: grass-fed meat, pasture-raised poultry, cage-free eggs, bone broth, wild-caught fish, organ meats and raw dairy products, such as raw goat cheese.
- If you’re vegan or vegetarian, never fear, as a vegetarian or vegan keto diet is very doable.
- Healthy fats, which are also low-carb or no-carb, include: olive oil, coconut oil, grass-fed butter, palm oil, nuts and seeds.
- Minimal fruits but berries and avocado (yes, it’s a fruit) are definitely allowed.
- Want some sweet without the carbs or artificial sweeteners? Go with stevia and monk fruit.
- Avoid processed and ultra-processed foods high in calories and bankrupt in terms of nutrients: those made with white flour or wheat flour products, added table sugar, conventional dairy, bread and other processed grains like pasta, sweetened snacks like cookies and cakes, most boxed cereals, sweetened drinks, ice cream and pizza.
Related: Keto Diet Food List
Precautions When Following the Ketogenic Diet
Remember, the ketogenic diet will actually change your metabolism, put you into ketosis and turn you from a sugar burner to a fat burner. Those are significant changes for your body, and you’re bound to notice some symptoms of the so-called keto flu.
Keto flu symptoms and side effects can include feeling tired, having difficulty sleeping, digestive issues like constipation, weakness during workouts, being moody, losing libido and having bad breath. Fortunately, these side effects don’t affect everyone and often only last for 1–2 weeks. (And yes, you CAN build muscle on keto.) Overall, symptoms go away as your body adjusts to being in ketosis.
If a ketogenic diet is being used for a child to treat epilepsy, close medical monitoring is necessary. If you’re very active and without much body fat, consider trying carb cycling or at least eating a modified keto diet that does not severely restrict carb intake.
- Ketogenic diets were originally developed to help improve symptoms of epilepsy (specifically in children who didn’t improve from other treatments), but today very low-carb diets are used to help adults, too, including those suffering from many other chronic health problems like obesity, cancer and diabetes.
- Does the keto diet work? Yes! Rapid and reliable weight loss will occur in even a keto for beginners diet, due to lowered insulin levels and the body being forced to burn stored body fat for energy. | <urn:uuid:837defc6-7beb-46bd-94ca-e944a20f259a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://draxe.com/nutrition/guide-to-keto-diet-for-beginners/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.935722 | 6,955 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Mr D Rodger
Welcome to the Year 5 and 6 class page. I am the class teacher, Mr Rodger. You will find out key information about the weekly timetable and routines below. PE days take place on Tuesday and Thursday. Currently, the children are learning gymnastics.
Homework is assigned on Monday (Mathletics and spellings), Wednesday (maths and English/topic) and Friday (maths and English/topic). Homework is to be handed in 2 days after being assigned. Homework should take no longer than thirty minutes and should consolidate what the children have already practised in class or a continuation of what has been started already.
"The Year" (1910)
Please learn the following poem by heart for Friday:
What can be said in New Year rhymes,
That’s not been said a thousand times?
The new years come, the old years go,
We know we dream, we dream we know.
We rise up laughing with the light,
We lie down weeping with the night.
We hug the world until it stings,
We curse it then and sigh for wings.
We live, we love, we woo, we wed,
We wreathe our brides, we sheet our dead.
We laugh, we weep, we hope, we fear,
And that’s the burden of the year.
- Ella Wheeler Wilcox (1909) | <urn:uuid:bba7c252-0fbe-4da6-b502-a73f85b4b258> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stmaryslambeth.pixelbox.site/year-groups/year5-6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.901587 | 307 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Former Muslims Testify About Islam/Program 4
|By: Dr. Ergun Caner, Dr. Emir Caner; ©2003|
|The Thousand Years After Muhammad. How did his followers carry out Islamic beliefs? How were Christians treated? How were Jews treated?|
What evidence could cause devout Muslims today to leave Islam and embrace Christianity? Today on The John Ankerberg Show, two former Muslims tell why they turned away from Allah and placed their faith in Jesus Christ as God, knowing that their decision would cost them the love and acceptance of their family?
- Dr. Emir Caner: And so I told my father, necessarily, Allah and Jehovah are not the same gods. I worship Jesus Christ now. And he told us to make a decision between our religion and him, or better said, between our Heavenly Father and our earthly father. So I got up and I left. He disowned us.
These two brothers went on to get their Ph.D.’s, and now Dr. Ergun Caner is Associate Professor of Theology and Church History at Liberty University in Lynchburg, VA, and Dr. Emir Caner is Assistant Professor of Church History at Southeastern Theological Seminary in Wake Forest, NC. In countries outside of America, if a Muslim leaves Islam and embraces Christianity, what consequences does he or she face?
- Emir: In many of the countries, what happens is, on a Friday day, the Jumaa prayer, they will take you to the city square, they will bury you up to your waist in your burial cloth….The indictment is read that you have converted to Christianity, and then everyone picks up the stones and you are stoned to death in the city square–for the sole indictment of being a believer in Jesus Christ.
Everyone in the world should understand what the religion of Islam teaches 1.6 billion Muslims of what they must do to have any hope of going to Heaven; of how they are to treat Christians, Jews, and other unbelievers in Islamic countries; how women are to be treated; the role of Islamic leaders in government, and when Jihad, or Holy War, is justifiable.
- Dr. Ergun Caner: If the numbers hold up right – and 16 percent of the Muslims worldwide believe that the bombing of the World Trade Towers was morally justifiable – if those numbers continue out, we’re talking about somewhere in the vicinity of 100 million Muslims who believe that jihadic acts are morally justified. And so you see that there is this divergence of opinion about jihad, but what we hear here in America, we have never heard anywhere else in the world. We’ve never heard certainly in our background that you would say jihad was only an internal struggle.
Today, we invite you to join us to hear two former Muslims talk about Islamic belief and practice on this edition of the John Ankerberg Show.
- Ankerberg: Welcome to our program. We’ve got an exciting one for you today. We’ve got two former Muslims who came to believe in Jesus Christ. Their family disowned them. They went on in their education to get their doctorates, and now they’re professors in two different Christian seminaries. They’ve written two best-selling books. And we’re talking about the overarching question of, Is Islam a peaceful religion? And in order to answer that question, we’ve been looking at a couple of areas. First, the life of Muhammad: is he the example that we’re supposed to follow? And today, we want to look at the thousand years after Muhammad. How did his followers carry out his teachings? And we’re going toward the Hadith (the Tradition), as well as the Qur’an. What does it say explicitly about jihad? And this is just crucial in light of all the things that are going on in our world that are part of the news every night. The aftermath of the war in Iraq and the Israeli-Arab conflict, the Palestinian conflict in the Holy Land, and the turmoil that’s in the rest of the Arab world, we need to understand Islamic beliefs and where folks, to the tune of a billion, six-hundred million people, are coming from.
- Guys, we’re glad that you’re here today. Emir, start us off in terms of what happened after Muhammad died. How did the people take his teaching, and how did they follow it up?
- Emir: Muhammad dies in 632 A.D. His first convert, Abu Bakr, outside of his wife, then takes over and really secures the Arabian Peninsula for Islam, which has been since that day and to this day an Islamic peninsula. He takes over Damascus, Syria. After Abu Bakr is out of the way, with other caliphs such as Uthman and Umar and so forth, they take over Damascus in 634, Baghdad in 636; they take over Jerusalem less than a decade later. They sweep through North Africa, places like Cairo and so forth, all the way up through the Iberian Peninsula, which is Spain and Portugal today. And exactly 100 years after they started, in 732 – a hundred years after Muhammad’s death – they’re finally stopped. And in of all places today, France, when Charles the Hammer, Charles Martel, at the Battle of Tours, stops the Muslims in their tracks. Their goal was to stop oppression. This is absolutely key with jihad. Oppression to the Muslim is anything that is not sharia law, that is not Islamic law. And so they were going to sweep through the south side of Europe, take over Europe and create this worldwide Islamic religion where theocracy is the key, politics and religion merged. Where the imams have a say, the mullahs have a say in which you’ll never have a separation of politics and religion.
- Ankerberg: Slow that down for us because, they swept through basically the known world at that time except for the top of Europe. What was their motivation to do so? Why did they do so?
- Emir: Because of the call of Muhammad.
- Ankerberg: Which was?
- Emir: That you must go to jihad – Surah 2:216; that it is “good for you,” and that jihad is good for those to whom you go because if you go to them, you relieve them out of oppression, out of their monarchies, and oligarchies, or today, their democracies; that you put them in a place where they have the perfect law, the straight way, the sharia law. And that those, then, can become Muslims, and if they refuse to become Muslims, they at least live under the perfect law, that is, sharia law, and they then have to abide by the laws that are found in the Hadith, the jurisprudence for Islam.
- Ankerberg: Yeah. I found it interesting in your writings that you were talking about the writings in the Qur’an actually say the blessing of Allah is evident in those who rule. In other words, that’s part of his blessing to people. If you get the position of power to rule, Allah has blessed you. Is that correct?
- Emir: Absolutely.
- Ankerberg: And then the second part of that is the fact is, if you are given that position, Allah expects you to do things. What are the things he’s expecting you to do as the ruler?
- Emir: “For the sake of Allah,” that is, to set up his laws, his ways, his morals, his jurisprudence, and that’s your responsibility. When we come to rule here, if you’re a Congressman of some sort, we are to uphold the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights. If you become a leader within a Muslim community, you are to uphold the laws of Allah and the Prophet Muhammad in what he spoke.
- Ankerberg: Ergun, take us into Iraq for a moment, because we’re trying to set up a democracy there and the fact is, is that in the first few meetings of the leaders, they all wanted to join Islam with the state. And tell the people why.
- Ergun: Well, what’s interesting about Iraq is this. It has always been, since it was formed as a country out of the Mesopotamias in 1921 – Winston Churchill, head of the Admiralty, gave it away – it has always been ruled by Sunnis. And this has been greatly infuriating to the vast majority of the Muslims who live in Iraq who are Shiite. You have about 20 percent are Kurds, maybe 20 percent are Sunni, but 60 percent are Shiites. As soon as Iraq fell, as soon as the regime of Saddam Hussein fell, the first song, the first sound you heard were Muslims who are Shiite who believe with all of their hearts that what Saddam Hussein had was a secular government, not secular because he didn’t always wear his headdress, but secular because he was a Sunni.
- The Sunnis and the Shiites, immediately following the death of Muhammad, you have that split. Muhammad did not know he was going to die. He did not leave marching orders, so to speak. So now the fight is on. Who will lead Islam? In 632 we have so many followers now. Muhammad’s last words were, according to the Hadith, “Push the pagans out of the Arabian Peninsula.” Well, how are we going to accomplish this? There was the group that wanted it to be a genetic leader, a trail of blood, so to speak, and they, the Shiites, believed that Ali needed to be the first leader, the first caliph. There are no more prophets, but a caliph. The rest of them said, “It has to be Muhammad’s best friend, the first convert, the richest man, the wealthy merchant, Abu Bakr.
- The vast majority of the people went with Abu Bakr and thus the vast majority of the people went with the Sunni. The small group split off and they became known as the Shiites. From that time, there has been warfare between Sunni and Shiite. The Shiite will never recognize any Uthman [e.g.], Umar. They will recognize no caliph until Ali. And so you have this fight between the two. In Iraq, whether we set up an Islamic republic of Sunni or an Islamic republic of Shiite, if we do not do as we did with Japan in World War II – give them the opportunity for free voice, a democracy – I hate to say it, but I think we’ll be back there in another ten years.
- Ankerberg: Okay. Go back and tie the second caliph to some of the things that are happening today. He defined the laws of mercy, that is, the protection to be given to Christians, Jews, and to non-Muslims. What was that all about and is it still in effect today?
- Emir: Well, Umar said, How do you handle when they surrender? This is something Muhammad didn’t have to deal with because it was all within one Arabian Peninsula. But now you’re dealing with different cultures and different people, and so the Pact of Umar [See appendix B.], one of the earliest documents that you see, he says you cannot build churches, rebuild churches, remodel churches. That when a Muslim wants to sit down, you must get up. When you have these things, you are a second-class citizen. And you must pay an extra tax, the Qur’an says. Now the Pact of Umar really makes the salient points and practical points of how to deal with these Christians, these Jews, or these polytheists. Now, oddly enough, the Christians and Jews found protection, but many times the polytheist had no right because they were not “people of the Book.” They were not people who had perverted the gospel of Allah, but nonetheless, they were polytheists and had no right to exist.
- Ankerberg: So that when the caliph would come in and the troops would conquer the people, they were given a choice, in essence. They had to submit and they also had to pay a tax, didn’t they?
- Emir: Jizyat, yes. You pay a tax, they say, because you cannot fight in a Muslim army. You cannot fight jihad. You cannot fight in a Muslim army. And so this is paying your conscription. That’s what a jizyat is.
- Ankerberg: And what if they didn’t pay the tax, and what if they didn’t submit?
- Ergun: You live under the Pact of Umar, you either submit or you are “submitted.”
- Ankerberg: Yeah.
- Emir: And that’s when Surah 5:33 comes. That’s when you can exile. That’s when you can imprison. That’s when you can crucify or execute. And when you can do those things: in Morocco you have imprisonment today; in Pakistan you have the “blasphemy law by execution.” And all of these things are what modern Muslim purist countries, Islamic republics, adhere to today, and it comes straight from the Pact of Umar.
- Ergun: Islamic republics, by their very nature, cannot allow for religious freedom. They must allow, at best, for religious toleration. Religious toleration means you, as a Christian, you are allowed to live in our country, the laws we just spoke of; but you cannot paint the walls of your church. You cannot expand the land upon which your church builds. You cannot do the very thing that Christianity calls us to do, which is the Great Commission. If you win your child to Christ, fine. They aren’t going to care. If your child becomes a Muslim, you cannot prohibit him. If you win a Muslim to Christ, at best, you are deported.
- Ankerberg: Take about a minute. Give me a prediction on Iraq. I mean, we aren’t prophets here in the sense that we can tell the future, but the fact is, according to the information that you know, if they do set up a democracy that is tied to religion in Iraq, where are we heading in the future?
- Ergun: It could be the grand experiment. What our president, I think, with very strong prescience and biblical wisdom, said is, we want to give them the right to speak. If you allow women the right to speak, as well as the men, and say, “Do you want education or do you not? Do you want to be part and parcel of society or not? Do you want religious pluralism, freedom of the press or not?” – I absolutely believe, I absolutely believe, given the choice and given a voice, that the people in Iraq will choose democracy. They will choose freedom. If not, if they are “voted for,” so to speak – if someone votes for them – we will be back in Iraq again. We will have to, because they will become harbingers and harborers of what we would call terrorists, the Muslims who call themselves purists.
- Ankerberg: But Emir, isn’t this, if they take the freedom, and the women talk, and they get the education, isn’t this the very thing that some of the Muslim historians have looked at and said, “We’ve got a problem, because now, the faith itself is being destroyed”?
- Emir: You have a rise of purist Islam over the last 20 years, but since September 11, now we are no longer in a “cold war,” we’re in a confessional war. And they recognize this as a war of worldviews. If you introduce freedom, then by negation they will have to take what Muhammad said only historically, or allegorically. They’ll have to somehow modify it in one way or the other and truly remove much of Islam’s tenets, and place inside of it instead freedom to believe however you wish to believe. And so this is a grand experiment, so to speak. But this happened in Japan. This happened in the Korean Peninsula. And since that happened, Japan has become an incredible democracy. Korea itself has become, one of two are Christians now because where you have an open Bible and an open mind, it will make a Christian every time.
- Ankerberg: Alright, we’re going to talk more about who is actually going to speak for Islam in the days ahead. We need to finish out the thousand year period of history, so people have a historical perspective of where Muslims are coming from when they look back on their own history. What have they done? What did they think they do? What do they want to do in the future? This is going to be fantastic information, so stick with us.
- Ankerberg: Alright, we’re back. We’re talking with two former Muslims who became Christians. Their family disowned them. They went on in their education and became professors in two different Christian seminaries. They’ve got two best-selling books, and we’re talking about, Is Islam a peaceful religion? It’s the key question of our day. What do 1.6 billion Muslims across the world believe and hold to.
- And to understand that, we’ve been looking at the life of Muhammad; is he the example that we should be following? And now we’re talking about the thousand years after Muhammad lived. How did his followers carry out his teachings, especially in terms of jihad. Emir, keep us going here. Summarize where we were at and where we need to get to here.
- Emir: Well, after the Battle of Tours in 732, the Muslims basically have to regroup. I mean, they have the Iberian Peninsula. That’s why Spain, until 1492, is under Muslim control, under the Moorish control. But the empire is so expansive, all the way through the North African continent, all the way touching China to the other side, all the way to Europe, you have this incredible empire. So now the question is, who’s going to be the center? What’s going to be the epicenter of Islam? It was Damascus. It moves to Baghdad. After Baghdad, it goes to Cairo, where we see, even today, what is the most popular Muslim, most authentic Muslim seminary in the world. And so they internalize it for two or three hundred years, while still conquering. And then come the Crusades.
- Ankerberg: What happened in the Crusades?
- Ergun: Well, in the Crusades, sadly, Christianity decided, well, if it’s good for the goose, it’s good for us. The Muslims had taken over Jerusalem and it had cut off pilgrimages. The Church had split, East and West, obviously starting in the eighth century, but had finalized in 1054. And what you had was, nobody could send pilgrims to Jerusalem and follow the steps of Christ, the stations of the cross, so to speak. So the leader, the emperor of the East, writes a letter to the pope, Pope Urban II. The pope, who has got warring to deal with himself – I mean, he’s got the Teutons against the Gauls, etc. – he decides, “I’ve found it. Find a common enemy and we will stop fighting civil wars.” He stands up at the Council of Claremont in November of 1095, and on November 27 he says with a resounding voice, “Deus Vult,” “God wills it!”
- Well, everyone decides to go, but he throws in the caveat which is, in my mind, in our estimation, the darkest day in Christian history, post-Pentecost. He says, “If you die in battle, Christ will forgive your sin.” Now, we had always had Christians in the military. I mean, from the thundering legion of Marcus Aurelius we’d had Christians in the military. But this was different. This wasn’t a “just war” criteria, this was holy war. Christianity, for one dark moment, adopted Islamic jihad. We had, in effect, Christian jihad. He said Christ will forgive you if you die in battle. Christ will forgive you. You are given heaven as your home.
- Ankerberg: And Christ never said that.
- Ergun: No! When Christ disarmed Peter, one of the patristics said, He disarmed Christian holy war, in the Garden of Gethsemane. We cannot fight in the name of Christ. We can fight as Christians; we live and operate by the just war criteria, but we do not fight as a Christian army.
- Ankerberg: So we admit that that happened, and it’s terrible…
- Ergun: Oh, yeah.
- Ankerberg: …and we can use Christ to condemn it.
- Ergun: Yes! And it’s horrific. And this is salient, this vital for our discussion. Because in the name of Christ, we slaughtered Jews at Antioch, the siege at Antioch at Acre. We slaughtered Muslims. We called them to convert or else. We did Inquisitions. We burned heretics in the name of theocracy. We allowed it, even Calvin and Servetus. Because of this, to this day, Muslims call Christians “the Crusaders.” Bin Laden, in his first released videotape following the bombing of 9/11 said, “I have gotten to the Crusaders.” We as Americans say, “Wait a minute. America wasn’t even a nation at this time.” But see, in a Muslim mind, this was a battle against the Crusaders.
- Ankerberg: Okay, keep it going here. The fact is, the Crusaders came and they started to attack Muslims. What happened?
- Emir: Well, the first one was, we were successful. We took Jerusalem back. We got the pilgrimage going once again until the hero within Islamic theology, Saladin. In 1187, he recaptured Jerusalem, and truly, until 1187 until 1291, you have the Muslims conquering over and over again, and the Christians being defeated over and over again. And it got so ugly that Christians not only fought against Muslims, Christians fought against each other. The West versus the East.
- Ergun: We had the darkest day of 1212, when our men had been defeated so often, we decided to send our children. The children’s crusade. This little boy in France named Peter said, “I will lead the children. The children will lead.” And it was a wholesale slaughter.
- Now, the reason we bring this up is because Christianity had six subsequent defeats. Constantly! And every time we said, “God wills it! You will die, you will go as a martyr. You will go as a martyr for Jesus,” and we kept getting defeated. All these promises of victory, I think God had to use the darkest actions of man to show us that Christ did not call us to warfare. Christ called us to love our enemies. To this day, if somebody in the name of Christ says, “Go and kill,” no! In the name of Christ? No! We are subject to the authority of our country, absolutely. But in the name of Christ? Absolutely not! We are not called to this. And so we condemn the Crusades. We condemn the Inquisitions. We condemn killing “in the name of Christ.” We have never met a Muslim, a Muslim leader, who is willing to call other Muslims to lay down arms, to quit jihad. They won’t condone jihad, but neither will they condemn it.
- Emir: And that’s the contradiction in Christian theology, 2 Peter 3:9: “God is willing that none should perish, but all should come to repentance” compared to Surah 5 where, if you do anything against Islam, you should die. And then in the Hadith 9:57, if a Muslim changes his Islamic religion, kill him. To the Christian, we want Muslims to be here because this is the only chance which any of us get. This is not an “us against them” mentality, this is a “Christ for them” mentality, and it’s wholly different. When we send missionaries, they see us as if we wish to conquer. We’re not there to conquer them. We’re there to give them the only hope that the world has in Jesus Christ.
- Ankerberg: Now Emir, isn’t it true to say that Muslims, looking back at their own history, through their eyes, they saw themselves as being successful, as being blessed by Allah, by actually carrying out the commands of Muhammad in the Qur’an, and that Allah was blessing them? Okay? But then, there came a period of time where they started to experience defeat, and what did that feel like to them?
- Emir: Well, to them, they had to somehow rationalize: How can Allah lose? Well, perhaps Allah made them lose because they were arrogant (Surah 4). Maybe it was something they did. But all of a sudden, for the first thousand years they were on the offensive, and now they’re on the defensive. Colonialism comes to be. The Brits and the Dutch and the French and others win over so much parts of Africa but also the Mideast, and now they’re in subjugation to those who they should be subjugating. And to this day, colonialism has a bitter taste in their mouth because they were the colonizers for the first thousand years. And it’s not bitter just because of colonization, but because those who have no right to subjugate, those who are infidels and inferior, are all of a sudden, for the next 300 years until the time of 1940s, 50s and 60s, are the ones who are in control of a land that they shouldn’t even inhabit, according to many listeners.
- Ankerberg: So, for a thousand years they were successful, and then they got beaten back, and for the last 300 years they’ve been, what?
- Emir: The last 300 years, it was colonization and now, since 1940s up until today, you have this re-emergence of Islamic purism. You know, the re-emergence of Islamic states all across the Mideast, the re-emergence of an offensive Islamic jihad in the Sudan, in Nigeria, and in Kenya and Malaysia. And across the world you see it over and over and over again. People are persecuted for their faith. And we must stand and recognize that more people will die perhaps in this century, in this new millennium, than in all 20 centuries previous to this. It will come under the hand of Islam and the rationalization of sharia law.
- Ankerberg: Ergun, in terms of the two points, of the life of Muhammad and the thousand years after he lived, what do those two things say in reference to jihad to Muslims living today?
- Ergun: When we first started speaking out on this and referencing jihad as far as it’s in the Qur’an and in the Hadith, Muslims would jump up and say, “No, no, no, no, no. Jihad is personal holiness.” And we would say, “Well, yes, of course. But it is also public acts of warfare.” And they would say, “No, no, no. You are misinterpreting this. You’re misinterpreting this.” We have 1,300 years of history on our side. We have 1,300 years of active, consistent, constant warfare. We have in Israel the Palestinians. We have a constant warfare that will not let up, will not shut up, will not back up. This will not let up, I do not believe, until the Prince of Peace returns. The best we can hope for is a truce. But when you have a worldview that says it has to be established as a theocracy, i.e., sharia law, or a democracy, this is going to clash because the two can never be twain.
- Ankerberg: Because of the modern era coming in, of women starting to be educated and children being corrupted because of the West and so on, and they look like Islam is being beaten back, both physically as well as spiritually, people that come to the West are being corrupted and so on, and they’re not following the Qur’an as much, now you’ve written in your book that they feel like they’ve got no choice. What does that mean?
- Ergun: It means they feel jihad is the last option they have.
- Ankerberg: They’ve got to fight back.
- Ergun: Twenty-five years ago, Ayatollah Khomeini said, “We will make America a Muslim nation.”
- Ankerberg: Alright, what about other countries that are examples of this right now while we’re sitting here doing this TV program?
- Ergun: Seven million people in France are Muslim. They say that they have six children per family; Christians only have two. Biologically, they will overtake us.
- Ankerberg: What about Kuwait?
- Emir: In Kuwait, we freed them in 1991. They were grateful for it. Indeed, they are still grateful, you can see at least to a degree. But, you still have theocracy. You still have sharia law, and indeed, in Kuwait you cannot proselytize. In Kuwait you have restrictions against any of the churches. In Kuwait you have religious persecution. In the same very fact where we freed them, they will not have freedom as a primary essential tenet.
- Ankerberg: Yeah. I was shocked to find out that they have actually outlawed non-Islamic education. You can’t have any Christian education. What about Kenya?
- Ergun: Well, there as well, you have restrictions on any type of what they call proselytizing, we call sharing the Great Commission.
- Ankerberg: Yeah, but they declared jihad against the Africa Inland Church as well as World Vision.
- Ergun: World Vision which they see as a trick. They see these “social Gospel,” things that we use to open the door, they see these as a trick. And if you come in and feed us, that’s fine. Clothe us, that’s fine. If you tell us about the Gospel, you have betrayed us.
- Ankerberg: What about the Brunei government?
- Emir: Same thing. Brunei and Morocco, you can be fined, imprisoned, executed because of these aspects of what they see as immorality, perversion; that they’re destroying their culture; that the West is coming in and missionizing them. I mean, the absolutely worst thing you can do is not come in with an army but come in with missionaries.
- Ankerberg: Bangladesh. The constitution guarantees religious freedom, yet in 1998 it was amended. Now you only have Islam as the state religion. Tanzania banned all religious preaching outside of churches. Is this where we’re going in Iraq?
- Emir: This may be where we’re going. We have to remind ourselves it took 150 years in our own country to find freedom. The Bill of Rights didn’t come until 1791. We didn’t have religious freedom until really in the nineteenth century. And we cannot, overnight, make a democratic situation, but we can make something better than it was.
- Ankerberg: Ergun, wrap it up here. What’s a positive word in terms of Christianity versus Islam?
- Ergun: I think what we’ve spent 17 years of our life doing – which is calling Christians not to defeat the Muslim, not to hate the Muslim, not to abrogate the Muslim or to try to kill the Muslim. It is our job to love the Muslim because that’s the message we share with them. Jesus Christ died for you. Jesus Christ died not to kill you, He died to offer you grace and salvation so you don’t have to shed your blood. And I pray that Christians around the world have started praying for our people, praying that they may be saved. Praying that bin Laden and Saddam Hussein and other Muslim leaders come to a faith in the saving grace of Jesus Christ.
Appendix A – Text of the 1998 Fatwa Against America
Statement signed by Sheikh Usamah Bin-Muhammad Bin-Ladin; Ayman al-Zawahiri, leader of the Jihad Group in Egypt; Abu- Yasir Rifa’i Ahmad Taha, a leader of the Islamic Group; Sheikh Mir Hamzah, secretary of the Jamiat-ul-Ulema-e-Pakistan; and Fazlul Rahman, leader of the Jihad Movement in Bangladesh
Praise be to God, who revealed the Book, controls the clouds, defeats factionalism, and says in His Book “But when the forbidden months are past, then fight and slay the pagans wherever ye find them, seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war)”; and peace be upon our Prophet, Muhammad Bin-‘Abdallah, who said “I have been sent with the sword between my hands to ensure that no one but God is worshipped, God who put my livelihood under the shadow of my spear and who inflicts humiliation and scorn on those who disobey my orders.” The Arabian Peninsula has never — since God made it flat, created its desert, and encircled it with seas — been stormed by any forces like the crusader armies now spreading in it like locusts, consuming its riches and destroying its plantations. All this is happening at a time when nations are attacking Muslims like people fighting over a plate of food. In the light of the grave situation and the lack of support, we and you are obliged to discuss current events, and we should all agree on how to settle the matter.
No one argues today about three facts that are known to everyone; we will list them, in order to remind everyone:
First, for over seven years the United States has been occupying the lands of Islam in the holiest of places, the Arabian Peninsula, plundering its riches, dictating to its rulers, humiliating its people, terrorizing its neighbors, and turning its bases in the Peninsula into a spearhead through which to fight the neighboring Muslim peoples.
If some people have formerly debated the fact of the occupation, all the people of the Peninsula have now acknowledged it.
The best proof of this is the Americans’ continuing aggression against the Iraqi people using the Peninsula as a staging post, even though all its rulers are against their territories being used to that end, still they are helpless. Second, despite the great devastation inflicted on the Iraqi people by the crusader-Zionist alliance, and despite the huge number of those killed, in excess of 1 million… despite all this, the Americans are once against trying to repeat the horrific massacres, as though they are not content with the protracted blockade imposed after the ferocious war or the fragmentation and devastation.
So now they come to annihilate what is left of this people and to humiliate their Muslim neighbors.
Third, if the Americans’ aims behind these wars are religious and economic, the aim is also to serve the Jews’ petty state and divert attention from its occupation of Jerusalem and murder of Muslims there.
The best proof of this is their eagerness to destroy Iraq, the strongest neighboring Arab state, and their endeavor to fragment all the states of the region such as Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Sudan into paper statelets and through their disunion and weakness to guarantee Israel’s survival and the continuation of the brutal crusade occupation of the Peninsula.
All these crimes and sins committed by the Americans are a clear declaration of war on God, his messenger, and Muslims. And ulema have throughout Islamic history unanimously agreed that the jihad is an individual duty if the enemy destroys the Muslim countries. This was revealed by Imam Bin-Qadamah in “Al- Mughni,” Imam al-Kisa’i in “Al- Bada’i,” al-Qurtubi in his interpretation, and the shaykh of al-Islam in his books, where he said “As for the militant struggle, it is aimed at defending sanctity and religion, and it is a duty as agreed. Nothing is more sacred than belief except repulsing an enemy who is attacking religion and life.”
On that basis, and in compliance with God’s order, we issue the following fatwa to all Muslims
The ruling to kill the Americans and their allies — civilians and military — is an individual duty for every Muslim who can do it in any country in which it is possible to do it, in order to liberate the al-Aqsa Mosque and the holy mosque from their grip, and in order for their armies to move out of all the lands of Islam, defeated and unable to threaten any Muslim. This is in accordance with the words of Almighty God, “and fight the pagans all together as they fight you all together,” and “fight them until there is no more tumult or oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in God.”
This is in addition to the words of Almighty God “And why should ye not fight in the cause of God and of those who, being weak, are ill-treated and oppressed — women and children, whose cry is ‘Our Lord, rescue us from this town, whose people are oppressors; and raise for us from thee one who will help!’”
We — with God’s help—call on every Muslim who believes in God and wishes to be rewarded to comply with God’s order to kill the Americans and plunder their money wherever and whenever they find it. We also call on Muslim ulema, leaders, youths, and soldiers to launch the raid on Satan’s U.S. troops and the devil’s supporters allying with them, and to displace those who are behind them so that they may learn a lesson.
Almighty God said “O ye who believe, give your response to God and His Apostle, when He calleth you to that which will give you life. And know that God cometh between a man and his heart, and that it is He to whom ye shall all be gathered.”
Almighty God also says “O ye who believe, what is the matter with you, that when ye are asked to go forth in the cause of God, ye cling so heavily to the earth! Do ye prefer the life of this world to the hereafter? But little is the comfort of this life, as compared with the hereafter. Unless ye go forth, He will punish you with a grievous penalty, and put others in your place; but Him ye would not harm in the least. For God hath power over all things.”
Almighty God also says “So lose no heart, nor fall into despair. For ye must gain mastery if ye are true in faith.”
(As published in Al-Quds al-‘Arabi on February 23, 1998)
Appendix B – Pact of Umar
The Status of Non-Muslims Under Muslim Rule
After the rapid expansion of the Muslim dominion in the 7th century, Muslims leaders were required to work out a way of dealing with Non-Muslims, who remained in the majority in many areas for centuries. The solution was to develop the notion of the “dhimma”, or “protected person”. The Dhimmi were required to pay an extra tax, but usually they were unmolested. This compares well with the treatment meted out to non-Christians in Christian Europe. The Pact of Umar is supposed to have been the peace accord offered by the Caliph Umar to the Christians of Syria, a “pact” which formed the patter of later interaction.
We heard from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Ghanam [died 78/697] as follows: When Umar ibn al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him, accorded a peace to the Christians of Syria, we wrote to him as follows:
In the name of God, the Merciful and Compassionate. This is a letter to the servant of God Umar [ibn al-Khattab], Commander of the Faithful, from the Christians of such-and-such a city. When you came against us, we asked you for safe-conduct (aman) for ourselves, our descendants, our property, and the people of our community, and we undertook the following obligations toward you:
- We shall not build, in our cities or in their neighborhood, new monasteries, Churches, convents, or monks’ cells, nor shall we repair, by day or by night, such of them as fall in ruins or are situated in the quarters of the Muslims.
- We shall keep our gates wide open for passersby and travelers. We shall give board and lodging to all Muslims who pass our way for three days.
- We shall not give shelter in our churches or in our dwellings to any spy, nor bide him from the Muslims.
- We shall not teach the Qur’an to our children.
- We shall not manifest our religion publicly nor convert anyone to it. We shall not prevent any of our kin from entering Islam if they wish it.
- We shall show respect toward the Muslims, and we shall rise from our seats when they wish to sit.
- We shall not seek to resemble the Muslims by imitating any of their garments, the qalansuwa, the turban, footwear, or the parting of the hair. We shall not speak as they do, nor shall we adopt their kunyas.
- We shall not mount on saddles, nor shall we gird swords nor bear any kind of arms nor carry them on our persons.
- We shall not engrave Arabic inscriptions on our seals.
- We shall not sell fermented drinks.
- We shall clip the fronts of our heads.
- We shall always dress in the same way wherever we may be, and we shall bind the zunar round our waists
- We shall not display our crosses or our books in the roads or markets of the Muslims. We shall use only clappers in our churches very softly. We shall not raise our voices when following our dead. We shall not show lights on any of the roads of the Muslims or in their markets. We shall not bury our dead near the Muslims.
- We shall not take slaves who have been allotted to Muslims.
- We shall not build houses overtopping the houses of the Muslims.
(When I brought the letter to Umar, may God be pleased with him, he added, “We shall not strike a Muslim.”)
We accept these conditions for ourselves and for the people of our community, and in return we receive safe-conduct.
If we in any way violate these undertakings for which we ourselves stand surety, we forfeit our covenant [dhimma], and we become liable to the penalties for contumacy and sedition.
Umar ibn al-Khittab replied: Sign what they ask, but add two clauses and impose them in addition to those which they have undertaken. They are: “They shall not buy anyone made prisoner by the Muslims,” and “Whoever strikes a Muslim with deliberate intent shall forfeit the protection of this pact.”
from Al-Turtushi, Siraj al-Muluk, pp. 229-230.
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@ Senior Rabbi, Jewish Council of the Emirates Rabbi, Association of Gulf Jewish Communities
Rabbi Elie Abadie, M.D. hails from a long and distinguished rabbinical lineage dating back to 15th Century Spain and Provence. Following the expulsion of Jews from Spain in 1492, and later Provence, his family migrated throughout the ages through Italy, the Balkans, Greece, Turkey, Syria, and Lebanon. Rabbi Dr. Abadie was born in Beirut, Lebanon, and grew up in Mexico City. He moved to the United States to attend College and University, and later became a naturalized, United States citizen.
Rabbi Dr. Abadie earned his B.A. in Health Sciences in 1983, B.Sc. in 1984 in Bible Studies, Hebrew Teacher’s diploma in 1985, and a Master’s degree in Philosophy in 1986. He then received his Rabbinic ordination in 1986 from Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary. He attended SUNY Downstate Medical Center, where he graduated in 1990 with an M.D. degree. He did his residency in Internal Medicine, and later his fellowship in Gastroenterology at Maimonides Medical Center, finishing in 1995.
Rabbi Dr. Abadie is the founding Rabbi and Spiritual Leader of the Edmond J. Safra Synagogue, and the Founder and Rabbinic Advisor of the Moise Safra Center in Manhattan. He was the Founder and Head of School of the Sephardic Academy of Manhattan and is the founding Rabbi and Spiritual Leader of the Manhattan East Synagogue, New York City. He is the Director and Professor at the Jacob E. Safra Institute of Sephardic Studies at Yeshiva University. He is a scholar and college teacher of Sephardic Judaism, history, philosophy, and comparative traditional law. He was an Officer of the Rabbinical Council of America (RCA), and Treasurer/Vice-President of the New York Board of Rabbis. He is member of the Board of Governors of the Diaspora Museum – Beit Hatfutsot/ANU.
As Co-President of Justice for Jews from Arab Countries (JJAC), he was instrumental in passing a Congressional resolution on behalf of Jews from Arab Countries to be recognized by the U.S government in their negotiations regarding the issue of Middle Eastern Refugees. He has lectured on Jewish themes, philosophy, law, and medical ethics around the world, and enjoys close ties with many government officials in Israel, Bahrain and the UAE. As a member of the board of the American Sephardi Federation and World Sephardic Educational Center, he lectures on Sephardic Judaism, history, and comparative traditional law. Featured in many notable publications around the world, he has been interviewed on several notable news programs, including Fox News, CNN and ABC News. BBC, Russian TV Arabic, Spanish Radio, CCTV and Telemundo, America TV Canal 41, UNIVISION, i24 Israeli Media, Galei Zahal, Arutz 10 and 7. He was featured in the Jewish Voice Weekly, Image Magazine, the Jewish Week, Times of Israel, Jerusalem Post, Wall Street Journal, New York Times, Enlace Judio, Diario Judio, Hamevasser, Israel Hayom, Hamodia, LaMishpaha Magazine and many others.
In addition to countless of awards received throughout his career, Rabbi Dr. Abadie received the Orden Del Merito Civil, with the title of Excelentisimo, the highest civil decoration by His Majesty King Juan Carlos I of Spain. He is honored to be following in the footsteps of the greatest Jewish scholar and philosopher Moses Maimonides, who was both a rabbi and a physician. Rabbi Dr. Abadie is fluent in English, Spanish, Hebrew, Arabic, French, and conversant in Italian and Portuguese. Presently, he is the Senior Rabbi of the Jewish Council of the Emirates, the Chief Rabbi of the Association of Gulf Jewish Communities, and the Chairman of the Council of Sephardic Sages. He is a Medical Gastroenterologist, and is married to Elise Eichler for over 37 years, and together they live in Dubai. United Arab Emirates
CV of Rabbi Elie Abadie, M.D., page 2
Relevant and Personal Skills
Senior Rabbi and Spiritual Leader
Jewish Council of the Emirates – Congregation Shaarei Mizrah
The JCE is a network of Jewish communal leaders who are building and growing Jewish life in the United Arab Emirates – for both residents and visitors. Following the signing of the Abraham Accords in September 2020, Jewish life in the UAE has grown dramatically with an influx of Jewish tourists and businesspeople from Israel and the West who now feel more welcome in the country. The JCE works closely with government officials to help advance Jewish life, causes and events in the UAE. As the address for all things Jewish in the UAE, the JCE rabbinate plays a critical role in establishing Jewish infrastructure. Rabbi Dr. Abadie provides spiritual leadership to the local community helping to build and grow Jewish life in the Gulf.
Chief Rabbi and Spiritual Leader
Association of Gulf Jewish Communities
The Association of Gulf Jewish Communities (AGJC) was founded in 2021 as an alliance of the Jewish communities (people-to-people) in all six Gulf states who are building and enhancing Jewish life in the region. The AGJC aims to enhance all facets of Jewish life in the Gulf. Rabbi Dr. Elie Abadie, based in Dubai, is providing spiritual guidance to association members. Under his leadership, the Beth Din (Jewish Court) of the Gulf was established to assist with issues pertaining to personal status and voluntary business dispute resolutions. The Arabian Kosher Certification Agency was created to oversee kashrut (kosher certification) throughout the Gulf using the same set of standards throughout all six states, therefore making residing and traveling to the Gulf more accessible for Jews.
Chairman and President
Council of Sephardic Sages
Council of Sephardic Sages, a professional rabbinic advisory board for mutual support and the sharing of wisdom. The mandate for the Council is to revive, maintain, and energize the Greater Sephardic tradition and culture of living, adjudicating, and solving issues in all spheres of life, including, but not limited to: educational philosophy, cultural etiquette, social discourse, diplomatic activity, and more. The Council of Sephardic Sages will foster cooperation, coexistence, acceptance, tolerance, and harmony amongst the diverse Jewish community and beyond.
CV of Rabbi Elie Abadie, M.D., page 3
Institute Director, Professor and Teacher
Jacob E. Safra Institute of Sephardic Studies, Yeshiva University – New York, NY [2006-2019]
Founder and Head of School
Sephardic Academy of Manhattan – New York, NY [2010 – 2019]
Spiritual Leader and Rabbi
Edmond J. Safra Synagogue – New York, NY [2002 – 2017]
Manhattan East Synagogue – New York, NY [2017- present]
Doctor of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy
Private Practice – New York, NY & Dubai, UAE [1995 – present]
CV of Rabbi Elie Abadie, M.D., page 4
Fellowship: Gastroenterology and Endoscopy – Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
Residency: Internal Medicine – Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
M.D. – Doctor of Medicine – SUNY, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
Rabbinical Ordination – Yeshiva Univ., Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary, NY, NY
Master of Science, Jewish Philosophy – Yeshiva Univ., Bernard Revel Graduate School, NY, NY
Bachelor of Science – Yeshiva College, NY, NY
Hebrew Teacher Diploma – Yeshiva Univ., Isaac Breuer College, NY, NY
Bachelor of Arts, Health Sciences – Yeshiva College, NY, NY
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« Businesses are really important voices in the final push for abolition » : Celia Ouellette, founder of the Responsible Business Initiative for Justice , tells us about her committment against the death penalty
23 May 2022
Celia Ouellette, a British lawyer who has been an expatriate in the United States since she finished her studies, specializes in the defence of people sentenced to death. In 2017, she launched an initiative designed to challenge private sector actors on the justice issues, including the death penalty - the Responsible Business Initiative for Justice, of which ECPM is a partner. With Business and the Death Penalty featuring as the dominant theme for the World Congress in Berlin in November 2022, an the ongoing World Economic Forum on Davos, ECPM interviewed her about her motivations.
How and why did you came up with the idea of engaging the CEOs in the movement?
I think that some of it is need and some of it is opportunity. In America, which is where I spent my whole career, there has been a need to bring new and unusual voices into the movement, to depoliticise it, and demonstrate that different stakeholders in society can agree or disagree on things - but that one of the things that everyone agrees on is that the death penalty should be over.
When we look at countries like the US that are very influenced by economic actors (investors, trade representatives, business leaders), it becomes very important to have those voices be part of the push to change people’s minds. In the US, in spite of the work of a lot of people over a long period of time, support against the death penalty is too shallow. A lot of people sort of low-grade disagree with the death penalty, but aren’t quite ready to prioritise it or push it over the line. We were getting to these tipping points on this topic and we needed a strategy to light the fire in those moments and push us over the edge. We were often losing, not because people weren’t with us, but because people didn’t think that the time was now. We know that businesses are really important voices in the final push.
On the opportunity side: I founded the organisation in 2017, and I am not the first person that have had the idea that businesses would be really useful in any campaign, but especially in ending the death penalty. But I do think that it happened over a moment when businesses were increasingly realising that they needed to be involved in social issues, even political issues. Soon after the creation of the RBIJ, Nike released a campaign featuring Colin Kaepernick, there was this increasing recognition that businesses have to take a stand on really important and tricky political issues. It was valuable because of their platforms and their audience, their scope, their voice – but it was also profitable for them. We’ve hit this moment when businesses are quite willing to listen, to see value in what we are asking them to do, as the consumer increasingly expects that companies will do the right thing.
What is your strategy to approach business leaders? Do you target them first in retentionist or abolitionist states?
Sometimes, you call out to businesses to adjudicate on the death penalty and partner with the ones that are against it. Another way is to reach out strategically to businesses and educate them on what is going on in their state with the death penalty. If they have a position on it, we offer the chance to be more actively engaged in that.
I think that originally a lot of our strategy was around European investment, because it was a time when France had just announced their lower vigilance, and there was this increasing pressure on business in Europe to have a much more nuanced approach to human rights issues and to be quite active on supporting positive initiatives around human rights. I think it was probably around 2017 also that a group of businesses spoke out about protecting human rights defenders.
A lot of states that rely on foreign investment are retentionist states in the US. On the more strategic side, a lot of the time we were looking at states that were actively considering an abolition campaign because that is the moment when businesses are very useful. For example, the state of Ohio and Utah are both considering abolition bills at the moment or in the next legislative cycle, and we are actively involved in talking to local businesses to know if they had a position and if they do, to know what they might want to do about it.
To sum up, on our bigger campaigns we have prominent business leaders that have big investments in states that have active campaigns, and others that a more generally committed to end the death penalty globally. Like Tony Fernandes of Air Asia, who has been pretty involved in some of the Southeast Asian cases, some business leaders from Utah and Ohio are involved in death penalty cases in their respective states. Companies definitely have a big impact, especially if they have a very recognisable name, them being messengers is a very powerful thing.
How did you convince Richard Branson to take action?
Richard has been involved in the death penalty long before I had a conversation with him or his team, so I will not take credit to convince him for being against the death penalty. I began working with is team in 2017-18, we really wanted to approach the death penalty in this new way and raise a whole army of business leaders ready to speak up about it. The whole campaign was very much built with his team as part of it from day one.
What we were asking Richard was him to use his position in a network of businesses to advocate to the world that we should end the death penalty, but also to a smaller group, his peers in the business community, and bring some of them with him. We set Richard a target of a 100 other Richards, and we can now say that we ended up with around 220 more Richards – which is classic Richard Branson’s success story!
According to you, what is the potential of the business world in changing the rules?
It is really hard to measure impact, because I won’t ever say that the business leaders are the only reason why an abolition campaign wins. When we launched the campaign in March - we only had 21 business leaders involved – when that is covered in 121 news outlets across the world, I think it is unavoidable that it creates a narrative that businesses care about the death penalty, because there is such a large group involved.
We get 2, 3, 4 new businesses reach out to us on a daily basis. It’s now true that businesses care about it. If every single business care about it? I don’t know, but the leaders that are part of the campaign represent a very big group in terms of what the business does, what size they are, how many people are employed by them. It has become impossible to ignore this new messenger at this point. The Governor Stitt in Oklahoma recently chose to not execute Julius Jones at the very last minute: to what extent businesses play a role in that, I have no idea, it is impossible to tell!
Governor Stitt is a governor who has said that he is the creator of jobs. He is a Governor with business experience, so we at least know that he really cares. Our partners were part of this and they will continue to do that kind of advocacy on individual campaigns.
How do we know if businesses actually have a measurable impact in the abolition campaigns in Utah or Ohio? They are repeating the same messages that campaigners have been spreading, but they are a very different and slightly surprising voice that have a huge amount of leverage with legislators. A legislator is going to think very carefully of ignoring what businesses are asking them to do because they are very important members of the community in terms of provisioning jobs and payment of taxes and all of the things that America relies on. For better or for worse, it’s a fact!
What do you expect from the 8th Congress against the death penalty that will take place in Berlin in November 2022?
I expect it to be fantastic because ECPM is organising it! I guess it is up to you now, I am curious to know what you think the business should or could or would play in the abolitionist struggle. I see it as an opportunity for all the people that have been involved to actually get together. A lot of the time, that can be useful so everybody can let each other know what they’ve been doing and how, I do think that the global nature of the Congress is something that gives businesses an opportunity to speak in a different way. I know that in the last World Congress, there was a sense of calling to the business community to spread the message that it was the time to be by our side, it might be interesting to reflect back on that progress between 2019 and 2022.
Would you like to share any achievement of the RBIJ so far?
As a former defence attorney who is kind of used to losing, knowing that we were going to bring hundreds of businesses step up and to care about people who don’t usually have a huge amount on their side. When we launched the campaign last March, the day the campaign went live, I remember all these emails coming in, from new business leaders wanting to sign up. After sitting in disgusting attorney visitation booths in jails for many years and working for people whose option were rubbish and I hadn’t really got any power to change these options, it is part of my proudest moments to suddenly have this group of unbelievably powerful people wading in and saying “we think that we should change your options”.
When you launch a campaign of this nature you don’t want it to be unsuccessful because that sends a really unhelpful message. When the absolute opposite happens and you’re suddenly drawing in hundreds of people wanting to be part of it, it is very rewarding and very exciting, and it feels like the point of what you have done for a very long time.
Stepping away from direct representation, from practice, was quite a big personal decision for me. Sometimes, in campaign work, you can really struggle to see the impact of your actions in a way that is different from a case when you know if you’re winning or losing, motion by motion, hearing by hearing, month by month. A lot of the time you’re losing but at least you can see what’s going on, whereas you can’t see it like that in campaigns. I think that when this campaign was covered as much as it has been, and so well engaged with by the businesses we’ve been working with, those are the paybacks that feel quite good!
How to get involve as a business leader?
You can visit www.businessagainstdeathpenalty.org to sign up as a business leader or get in touch with us as a campaign organisation. We have a large number of campaign organisations that are partners who design and roll out the campaigns, ECPM being one of them. We do support individuals if they want to reach out to their employer, for example, and be part of the campaign. | <urn:uuid:bffdedf6-8207-43b1-9b5a-74e812528f8b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ecpm.org/en/business-vs-death-penalty/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.984251 | 2,277 | 1.976563 | 2 |
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