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California utility customers start getting ‘Climate Credits’
• Credits will range from $30 to $40, twice a year
• Rebates come from proceeds of state’s cap-and-trade anti-pollution program
• Consumer, environmental advocates pushed for the credits
SACRAMENTO, California – Customers of Pacific Gas & Electric, Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas and Electric this month will receive the first “Climate Credit” on their electricity bills.
The California Climate Credit will be issued twice a year, in April and October, to Californians who get their electricity from one of the state’s three investor-owned utilities.
The amount will range from approximately $30 to $40 each time, depending on the utility company involved, and will be the same for each household within a particular company’s service territory.
Consumer and environmental advocates urged the California Public Utilities Commission to implement these customer rebates, which represent the bulk of proceeds from pollution permits allocated to the state’s three investor-owned utilities under AB 32, California’s Global Warming Solutions Act.
“We pushed hard for this credit, which protects California households from having to foot the bill even as we make sure electricity rates reflect the cost of pollution in order to encourage cleaner alternatives,” said Ryan Young, legal counsel with The Greenlining Institute’s Environmental Equity program.
“Now, with the cap-and-trade program up and running, California families are about to reap the dividends,” Young added.
He said further, “We wanted to make sure that those who do the right thing and cut their energy use weren’t penalized by receiving a smaller credit, while maximizing the benefit to low-income households.”
“By using this credit to do simple things like replacing power-guzzling light bulbs with energy-saving bulbs, Californians can multiply their savings and help clean our air even more.”
Subscribe to INQUIRER PLUS to get access to The Philippine Daily Inquirer & other 70+ titles, share up to 5 gadgets, listen to the news, download as early as 4am & share articles on social media. Call 896 6000. | <urn:uuid:5effb0f4-3b3f-4402-8329-bdac4f4607d3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://globalnation.inquirer.net/101443/california-utility-customers-start-getting-climate-credits | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.918228 | 470 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Atoms Energy is partnering with Greeley-Weld Habitat for Humanity and the Schlessman Family foundation to build a natural gas powered Zero Net Energy (ZNE) demonstration home in Evans, Colorado, which will demonstrate that natural gas is not only affordable, but also provides significant greenhouse gas emission reductions.
The mission of this Habitat for Humanity ZNE home demonstration project is to provide a deserving family with an energy-efficient and comfortable home that also leverages natural gas and renewable energy that meet Colorado's climate goals while lowering utility bills.
About the Home
1508 square feet
95 AFUE natural gas furnace
.95 Energy Factor natural gas water heater
13 SEER air conditioning system
R-53 attic insulation; R-34 wall insulation
U-value .25, SHGC . 23 windows
7 kWh of solar photovoltaic panels
What are the expected energy bills?
Preliminary energy reports for the design of this ZNE home estimate average monthly utility bills will be cut in half, allowing Ms. Rodriguez peace of mind when balancing her family budget
What is a Zero Net
A ZNE home produces as much energy as the home consumes within a year, which results in net-zero energy consumption and a carbon-neutral home. The goal of this home is to achieve a HERS index score of zero. This will be achieved by installing high-efficiency natural gas heating, water heating, and air conditioning equipment; incorporating building envelope efficiency, and incorporating passive and active solar technology to make the home self-sufficient and environmentally responsible.
How does natural gas help Colorado achieve clean emission goals?
This sustainably built and energy-efficiency home meets the state's goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by using a balanced energy approach. This ZNE home will include a rooftop photovoltaic solar electricity generation system and high-efficiency natural gas appliances, in addition to top-rated insulation, windows, and home weatherization features.
The Rodriguez Family
Franky Rodriguez, a hard-working single mother who is raising her four children, that includes her adult son with special needs and one grandchild. She has been renting an apartment for 30 years and considers this home to be a dream come true. Franky also looks forward to contributing to the construction of their home, which provides a sense of accomplishment and creates an additional connection to the home. | <urn:uuid:16f2c11a-a51a-4095-a867-44c4d597bd48> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.greeleyhabitat.org/zne | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.916143 | 525 | 2.5 | 2 |
Billions of dollars are spent during the annual lineup of designated shopping and giving days that follow Black Friday. Cyber Monday and Giving Tuesday have exploded in growth, and scammers are well-aware of the uptick.
“This is an exciting time for everyone: Businesses, charities and consumers,” said BBB Regional President and CEO Jim Hegarty. “Unfortunately, scammers want to be a part of the process as well. There are surefire signs of a scam to make note of if you want to ensure your experience, whether buying or giving, goes according to plan.”
The Better Business Bureau (BBB) has an overview of tips and advice for Cyber Monday shoppers and for those who plan to help worthwhile charities on Giving Tuesday.
GET THE MOST OUT OF CYBER MONDAY
The National Retail Federation’s early November survey reported that 62.8 million consumers plan to shop online on Nov. 29, the Monday following Thanksgiving. Many of these consumers are motivated by low prices, but there’s an additional reason to take part this year: supply chain disruptions that are likely to impact the holidays. Regardless of motivation, there are important considerations to be aware of.
• False advertising and phony websites can not only diminish a shopping experience, but also lead to a fraudulent one. If a consumer sees the hot item of the year at an unrealistically low price, that deal is probably too good to be true. Payment for such an item could result in a delivery that ultimately never comes. Be sure the website is legitimate and not a lookalike site. To check, look carefully at the web address. Make sure that it contains the “s” in HTTPS; the “s” stands for secure. Other clues that it may not be a legitimate site include incorrect spelling, and illegitimate contact information and service numbers.
• Check any unfamiliar business at bbb.org, where you can find BBB Business Profiles.
• Keep antivirus software up to date. This is extra insurance against non-secure sites and pop-up phishing scams. All a scammer needs is someone to click on a link for them to install malware on a device, which allows them to steal personal information.
• Take the time to compare online prices. Factor in shipping costs!
• Pay with a credit card for easier resolution of potential disputes. Debit cards don’t provide that!
• Policies may be different for Cyber Monday bargains, so check return policies for specific items.
• Beware of unsolicited emails, texts, calls, and letters touting “great offers.” This is a favorite method of scammers on phishing expeditions.
GIVE CONFIDENTLY ON GIVING TUESDAY
The annual day designated for charitable donations first occurred in 2012. It has since resulted in more than a billion dollars of charitable contributions.
• Look up a charity at BBB’s website devoted to evaluating them: Give.org. Using 20 standards of accountability, those interested can learn about a charity’s effectiveness, reputation and transparency.
• Know the exact name of a charity to contribute to. Watch out for groups that may be trying to trick unsuspecting victims with a sound-alike name.
• Visit the charity’s direct website to learn of its mission, programs and measurable goals, as well as its accounts of accomplishments and finances.
• This time of year, there are many on-the-spot requests for charitable giving. With emotional appeals, they try to tug at heartstrings. Giving off-the-cuff is discouraged. Instead, it’s far safer to research the charity before deciding whether to give. Responsible organizations won’t mind the wait.
• If a tax deduction is desired, visit IRS.gov to be sure the organization is one that qualifies. There is a handy IRS Tax Exempt Organization Search Tool available.
For more information: If you have been scammed or even just received a call from a suspected scammer, visit BBB.org/scamtracker and report the incident. For answers to your questions regarding holiday shopping and charity scams, contact your BBB at 800-856-2417 or visit bbb.org. | <urn:uuid:fcbbf353-5287-45ca-97db-44ccdc5bd876> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beaucoupmoney.com/bbb-tip-be-prepared-for-cyber-monday-giving-tuesday-opportunities-and-scams/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.93465 | 881 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Grant Wood AEA provides services and resources to families with pre-school aged children. These services are available to both families with children with developmental concerns as well a children without special education needs. Services are free, flexible to your schedule and do not require insurance.
Early ACCESS – Birth to Age 3
Infants and toddlers under the age of 3 are eligible to receive Early ACCESS early intervention services. Early ACCESS is a partnership between families with young children (birth to age 3) and providers from the Iowa Departments of Education, Public Health and Human Services, Child Health Specialty Clinics and Iowa’s AEAs.
Families and Early ACCESS staff work together to identify, coordinate and provide needed services and resources that help families assist their infants and toddlers who have either a developmental delay, or have a condition that has a high probability of later delays if early intervention services are not provided.
Grant Wood AEA’s Early ACCESS program is available at no cost to populations of children with disabilities or at risk of having disabilities. Early ACCESS providers have training in various professions including: autism, early childhood education, hearing intervention, physical therapy, occupational therapy, psychology, social work, speech-language pathology, and vision intervention.
Do you want your child evaluated for potential delays?
Infants and toddlers under the age of 3 are eligible to receive Early ACCESS early intervention services when they meet any one of the three following criteria:
1. The child has a diagnosed and documented physical or mental condition that has a high probability of resulting in developmental delays.
2. The child has a 25% or more delay in one or more of the following developmental areas:
- Cognitive Development
- Physical Development (including vision and hearing)
- Communication Development
- Social/Emotional Development
- Adaptive Development
3. An informed clinical opinion may establish a child’s eligibility.
Early ACCESS Partners
Frequently Asked Questions
Will people be coming into our home? If so, who will they be?
Children learn best with people they know and in the places they spend most of their time. Early ACCESS professionals help families build on the things they do every day to support their child’s learning and development in order. Toward that end, Grant Wood AEA employs physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech-language pathologists, social workers, home intervention teachers, nurse consultants and other professionals who work side-by-side with children and families in their homes or the places where their children spend most of their time.
How do caregivers learn to support a child’s growth?
Early ACCESS service providers get to know a family’s daily activities, priorities and hopes for their child. Together, service providers and caregivers plan and practice interventions that can be used throughout the day in routines and activities that the family already does.
Does this work? I am not a trained therapist or teacher.
Yes. Service providers do not expect caregivers to do what they do. They support families by coaching them to help their child grow and learn. Everyday routines and activities are teaching and learning opportunities. The more children are able to practice skills, the more they are being supported in development.
What are everyday routines and activities?
Routines are activities we do so much that we may not have to think about what we are doing to complete them. For example, changing diapers, getting a snack, getting the mail or picking up toys are all routines. Inviting children to assist with routines and activities is a way to help them learn and grow. Routines are predictable so we know what is coming next. Other activities that may not be done as often as routines can be helpful for children, too. For example, watering flowers, playing peek-a-boo, dropping brothers and sisters off at school or feeding the dog can all be good teaching and learning activities.
What happens if I don’t have time? Do I have to have a schedule?
There is no need for a special time or schedule. Children learn throughout the day when they are part of activities and routines, such as snack time, bath time, getting dressed and going in the car. Service providers work with caregivers to find ways to embed learning into these activities.
Age 3- 5 Early Childhood Services
If your child is between the ages of 3 to 5 years, is not yet enrolled in school, and you have concerns about his/her development, you may contact GWAEA for more information about its Early Childhood Services. Grant Wood AEA’s Early Childhood special education professionals provide training and serve as a resource to early childhood special education teachers in public schools, early childhood providers in community settings such as preschool, child care and Head Start programs to meet the developmental learning needs of young children. Also, families and early childhood providers may request information about appropriate expectations for children’s development.
The Childcare Alliance Response Team (CART)
The Childcare Alliance Response Team (CART) is a program that will provide a rapid response of intensive behavioral support for children ages 0-5 who are not labeled as having special education needs. Children may be referred by childcare providers of families for extremely challenging behaviors in their childcare setting. This can be a big help to families who may be in danger of losing their employment if their child is unable to remain in their childcare setting.
CART staff will conduct a behavior analysis of each child, identify strategies childcare providers may use, and provide coaching/implementation assistance to childcare providers working with referred children. Each child care provider will also participate in an environmental rating process that will give the provider information about ways they can assure their childcare setting contributes to the success and well-being of all children in their care.
CART Services Include:
- General education interventions/strategies
- Collaborative development of individual plans
- Referral to other resources as necessary
Note: Because CART is a Benton, Cedar, Linn, Johnson, Jones and Washington County Early Childhood Iowa Grant funded program, this program is limited only to those counties.
If your child needs behavioral support, contact 319-399-6746 or fill out the referral form. | <urn:uuid:4cdd7d63-3c6b-4f99-91eb-78b3a8f0d096> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gwaea.org/families/childhood/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.952631 | 1,275 | 2.203125 | 2 |
The trail winds and turns, cutting through an old stone wall before reaching a small clearing that’s just within sight of the school. Atop a massive boulder sits a tree stump with the letters “E-F-S” carved into the bark, welcoming the excited new adventurers to the forest. Beyond the boulder, a makeshift wooden desk stands opposite three rows of tiny seats made from tree stumps. At the educators’ prompting, the boys and girls rush to claim their favorite stump and sit down, waiting attentively to see what adventures the rest of the morning will bring.
Why was the East Fairhaven Elementary School trail created?
The East Fairhaven Elementary School trail project began two years ago as a community-based initiative to create a unified trail system that would connect the two Fairhaven elementary schools – East Fairhaven and the new Leroy Wood Elementary School on Sconticut Neck Road – with the natural resources that lie right outside their door, including an existing network of nature trails at nearby Nasketucket Woods and other conservation areas.
“The idea was given to us by the architect for the Wood School,” said Stasia Powers, co-founder of the Fairhaven Community Trail Network. “On the building plans, he had added a nature trail behind the school leading out to a salt marsh.”
Thanks to an ongoing collaboration between the Buzzards Bay Coalition, East Fairhaven Elementary School, and the Fairhaven Community Trail Network, the Fairhaven trails will be a way for more than just students to connect with the outdoors. With enhanced features such as an outdoor classroom, interpretive signage along the trail, and family-friendly activity guides, the trails will be a welcoming community space that everybody can enjoy.
How will the Fairhaven trails be used to teach students about the outdoors?
Local leaders have already been busy developing plans for programming that will make the most of this new outdoor learning space. For instance, the Coalition recently created educational signs to point out ecologically significant areas along the trail, such as wetland habitats, vernal pools, a holly grove, and even how to identify poison ivy.
In partnership with the Fairhaven Community Trail Network, educators at the Coalition also created a field activity guide that’s customized for the natural features found on the trail. Combined with the signage, the activity guide will allow teachers to use the nature trail as an extension of their classroom, connecting students to their local environment and encouraging outdoor exploration.
Back on the trail during the first Coalition program in October, the fourth-graders christened the new outdoor classroom with a Hi-Lo Hunt, an investigation that helps students see their natural surroundings differently. The trail is the perfect place for this type of lesson; with woods and streams, the trail fosters experiential learning in a way that would be lost inside the walls of a classroom.
“Imagine that you’re all tiny reptiles,” Buckless, a Commonwealth Corps environmental educator with the Coalition, told the students. “How would you warm up in the morning during the colder months of the year?”
After a moment of silence from the class, one clever fourth grader replied, “The sun!” Even though the class was sitting in the woods, the sun shone down through the tree branches onto the eager students.
The outdoor classroom isn’t just a place for students to learn. Teachers are already using the trail as a venue for professional development.
Wendy Williams, principal of East Fairhaven Elementary School, has an innovative approach to encouraging outdoor leadership among her staff. Each Friday afternoon, Williams leads walks down the trail for teachers who are interested in learning more about this outdoor resource.
“The staff has been ready to go,” said Williams. “We have a core group that comes out every week. The whole staff is really excited about it.”
Williams also recognized the desire of students, teachers, and parents to get out and explore the new community trail. “When the Coalition did work with our fourth-graders (on the trail), a huge interest was generated,” she said. “This also made the staff itch to get out there.”
The Fairhaven trails may even become a model for other communities that want to expand outdoor learning for students. A few schools in neighboring towns have already contacted the Coalition about developing forest and salt marsh trails at their schools.
When can the community explore the Fairhaven trails?
According to Powers, the East Fairhaven trail will formally open in April 2015. The grand opening ceremony will celebrate the East Fairhaven project and invite Wood School families to see how the new trail network connects students with nature.
Once finished in the spring, the East Fairhaven Elementary School trail will have restricted access during school hours (8 a.m. to 3 p.m.). But during other daylight hours, members of the public will be welcome to park in the school parking lot and walk the trail.
Though the East Fairhaven trail is nearing completion thanks to the hard work of many dedicated volunteers, the project is far from over. A few aspects of the trail, such as bridges and boardwalks, still need to be completed. And the Fairhaven Community Trail Network is looking for more support and funding to complete the trail, maintain it in the future, and create the nature trail at the Wood School. Trail clearing there is projected to begin in the coming year.
If you’re interested in getting involved with the Fairhaven Community Trail Network, you can attend the next meeting on Tuesday, January 20, 2015 at the Wood School. For news and updates, follow the Fairhaven Community Trail Network on Facebook. | <urn:uuid:3791e658-6b02-4272-b9ed-c23d616f85f8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.savebuzzardsbay.org/news/how-a-new-school-nature-trail-will-connect-students-with-the-outdoors-in-fairhaven-and-beyond/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.958332 | 1,178 | 2.75 | 3 |
Lying between its north and centre, Mackay is the underplayed card in Queensland tourism’s deck.
Visitor numbers remain small but their relationship to the region 1000km north of Brisbane is deepening.
Queensland’s tourism touts the Mackay region’s natural assets. It has a sub-tropical climate (don’t mention the wet season) with dry, mild Winters. There’s also Australia’s largest sub-tropical rainforest and offshore islands with azure water.
Mackay has more than 55 large (over 15-room) accommodation operators. Accom Properties understand all licensed accommodation providers come in at double that figure, according to unpublished data.
The region is unusually dependent on local tourism (85 percent of all visitors to Mackay are from Queensland) and business tourists who are half of all stays.
That explains the yearly drop of about 10 percent in interstate tourism last year, which came with the decline of mining. But growth in Queensland visitors helped Mackay still attain record visitor numbers of about 878,000 in the year to March 2017, or seven percent annual growth.
Tourism authorities lament Mackay is under-visited. Only five percent of international visitors to QLD stop in Mackay, below 45,000 tourists.
And Mackay’s share of the Queensland tourist market remains relatively small at 2.5 percent or a total of $382 million.
But the tourists who do come are staying significantly longer and spending significantly more new figures show: growth in both those categories was over 20 percent last year.
That may suggest a recent big push to revitalise Mackay is working or those natural attractions are beginning to exert their pull. | <urn:uuid:b3abaeb6-d782-4062-86dc-b8fe15f4ffd5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://accomproperties.com.au/region-profile/mackay | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.935693 | 361 | 1.953125 | 2 |
GST has rolled out and paved the way for a uniform and systematic reporting system that is seldom found anywhere else. This transaction-wise, destination-based reporting system provides for a much effective credit flow, removes chances of corruption and illegal transactions.To achieve this, the government has come up with an effective form-based reporting system that needs to be filed either monthly, quarterly or yearly, as the case may be, by the dealers and manufacturers. The aggregation of information uploaded by all the dealers will lead to a common reservoir of data, which can be accessed by either. Moreover, dealers can view their credit statement or payables with respect to GST easily in a common internet portal.What Is GSTR-1?It all starts with GSTR-1. It is where the suppliers will report their outward supplies during the reporting month. As such, all registered taxable persons are required to file GSTR-1 by the 10th of the following month. It is the first or the starting point for passing input tax credits to the dealers.Who needs to file GSTR-1?GSTR-1 has to be filed by “all” taxable registered persons under GST. However, there are certain dealers who are not required to file GSTR-1, instead, are required to file other different GST returns as the case may be. These dealers are E-Commerce Operators, Input Service Distributors, dealers registered under the Composition Scheme, Non-Resident dealers and Tax deductors. It has to be filed even in cases where there is no business conducted during the reporting month.How to file GSTR-1 In few steps.What needs to be filled in GSTR-1?GSTR-1 has 13 different heads that need to be filled in. The major ones are enlisted here:GSTIN of the taxable person filing the return • Auto-populated resultName of the taxable person • Auto-populated fieldTotal Turnover in Last Financial Year • This is a one-time action and has to be filled once. This field will be auto-populated with the closing balance of the last yearThe Period for which the return is being filed • Month & Year is available as a drop down for selectionDetails of Taxable outward supplies made to registered persons • CGST and SGST shall be filled in case of intra-state movement whereas IGST shall be filled only in the case of inter-state movement. Details of exempted sales or sales at nil rate of tax shall also be mentioned hereDetails of Outward Supplies made to end customer, where the value exceeds Rs. 2.5 lakhs • Other than mentioned, all such supplies are optional in natureThe total of all outward supplies made to end consumers, where the value does not exceed Rs. 2.5 lakhs.Details of Debit Notes or Credit NotesAmendments to outward supplies of previous periods • Apart from these two, any changes made to a GST invoice has to be mentioned in this sectionExempted, Nil-Rated and Non-GST Supplies • If nothing was mentioned in the above sections, then complete details of such supplies have to be declared.Details of Export Sales made • In addition to the sales figures, HSN codes of the goods supplied have to be mentioned as well.Tax Liability arising out of advance receiptsTax Paid during the reporting period • it can also include taxes paid for earlier periods.The form has to be digitally signed in case of a Company or an LLP, whereas in the case of a proprietorship concern, the same can be signed physically.How shall I file GSTR-1?After going through the checklist, suppliers need to log in to the GSTN portal with the given User ID and password, follow these steps to file their returns successfully.Search for “Services” and then click on Returns, followed by Returns Dashboard.In the dashboard, the dealer has to enter the financial year and the month for which the return needs to be filed. Click on Search after that.All returns relating to this period will be displayed on the screen in a tiled manner.Dealer has to select the tile containing GSTR-1After this, he will have the option either to prepare online or to upload the return.The dealer will now Add invoices or upload all invoices directlyOnce the entire form is filled up, the dealer shall then click on Submit and validate the data filled upWith the data validated, dealer will now click on FILE GSTR-1 and proceed to either E-Sign or digitally sign the formAnother confirmation pop-up will be displayed on the screen with a yes or no option to file the return.Once yes is selected, an Acknowledgement Reference Number (ARN) is generated.How To File GSTR-1 Online?Apart from filing GSTR-1 directly on GSTN portal, you can use third party softwares which are simpler to use. Most of these software accept data from your existing accounting software and help you upload it to GSTN portal. Almost all the GSPs have come up with their return filing solution.If you want to avoid multiple steps and hassle of using lot of softwares, try ProfitBooks today. Its an easy to use accounting software with super fast GST return filing. Its designed for business owners who do not have any accounting background.You can read the entire article here http://www.profitbooks.net/gstr-1-return-filing/. | <urn:uuid:d9feb0a3-7de6-4448-8617-14efebf30f38> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://form-21-4140-1.com:443/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.944664 | 1,115 | 1.835938 | 2 |
The leopard cub siblings were discovered in the west-central Indian village of Nirgude in Junnar, Maharashtra, on Jan. 2, by farmers while they were harvesting sugarcane. They immediately reported their find to the Forest Department, who rushed to the site, and transported the cubs to conservation nonprofit Wildlife SOS’s Manikdoh Leopard Rescue Center for examination.
Wildlife veterinary officer Dr. Nikhil Bangar identified the cubs as one male and one female, and estimated they were approximately 45 days old, according to a Wildlife SOS press release.
After a careful inspection for ticks and injuries, Bangar gave both the cubs a clean bill of health.
The nonprofit then teamed up with the Forest Department again to install a box in a safe collection spot, near to where the cubs were first found, and a remote-controlled camera trap to record the reunion with their mother.
“The mother must have been searching for her cubs, as, within a few minutes, she was able to sniff them out,” said Bangar. “On reaching the box, she patiently waited to ensure no danger stood in the way, and then she cleverly used her paws to tip it over. She then moved her cubs to a safer location.”
The nonprofit says it is not uncommon for farmers to find young leopard cubs sheltering in sugarcane fields in Maharashtra, as the tall, dense stalks of this particular crop provide ample camouflage for leopards, but cubs are prone to losing their way, and thus are at a risk of being found by humans.
Wildlife SOS, Bangar maintained, makes “every effort” to facilitate rescues and reunions such as these.
Kartick Satyanarayan, co-founder and CEO of Wildlife SOS, said the Jan. 2 reunion was by no means the first collaboration between the nonprofit and the state forest department. For years, they have provided conflict mitigation, have led workshops and “awareness modules” together, and received more phone calls about wildlife in distress than ever before.
“We are incredibly grateful to the forest department for being such a staunch support,” said Satyanarayan, “and the local residents, who are keeping avoidance and mitigation teachings in mind when dealing with wild animals.”
Range Forest Officer Ajit Shinde confirmed that more and more people are reaching out for help upon finding leopards and other wild animals in the area.
He added: “We are glad to see that people are becoming more sensitized toward the wildlife that shares the surrounding habitats.”
Watch the reunion:
(Courtesy of Wildlife SOS) | <urn:uuid:2c5e7f67-3668-41dc-9b01-f467578a5414> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theepochtimes.com/2-leopard-cubs-lost-in-sugarcane-field-were-rescued-and-reunited-with-their-mother-video_4227387.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.973624 | 560 | 2.375 | 2 |
What's happening now is reminiscent of the time, not so long back, when online retailers came in as the upstarts and successfully challenged the reigning kings of modern retail by offering better selection of products, convenience of shopping from the confines of one's home and eye-popping discounts. Today, the disruptors of brick-and-mortar retail are finding themselves becoming increasingly vulnerable to the threat of a new breed of smartphone app-based, hyper-local ventures which bring on board local retailers to service consumers in quick time.They deliver everything from groceries to mobile phones to medicines in a few hours sourced directly from the supermarket next to your home.
Neeraj Jain, co-founder of Zopper, one such hyper-local marketplace for electronics and white goods, points outs that out of India's 250 million internet user base only 30 million of them have shopped online despite facilities like cash-on-demand, attractive return policies and heavy discounting. The stumbling blocks, according to him, are the lack of trust among shoppers regarding the quality of products sold online and worries over aftersales support. “This is where a hyper-local commerce model comes in and connects local retailers to buyers. Consumers know from which nearby shop the product is being delivered from, they can go to same local shop to get their problems resolved and thing are delivered in a few hours," he says.
On-demand is next-gen of e-tailing?
Backed by top investors, this hyper-local brigade is banking on disrupting the supply-chain and logistics piece currently used by the e-commerce players. “Ondemand businesses are built on the back of hyper-local logistics technology, a mobile-first consumer experience and local retailer partnerships. The mandate for companies like Grofers is simple to disrupt e-commerce 1.0 by providing consumers with the unprecedented convenience of delivery in minutes, instead of in days," says Abheek Anand, principal at venture fund Sequoia Capital, which invested in the Gurgaon-based Grofers at the seed stage.
Seeing early signs of an upheaval, online retail's juggernaut Amazon kicked off a pilot run for Kirana Now, an on-demand delivery service which sources from local mom-and-pop stores and guarantees deliveries within two-four hours. Amazon's country head, Amit Agarwal, says there's room for many players in this segment as it's not a winner takes all scenario. “We've been leading the way on speed and reach so it was a natural progression to get in to this segment. The best way was to partner with sellers who were closest to the customers,“ he says. It's a similar battle for Amazon Fresh in the US where the posterboys of mobile-driven, express delivery , Instacart and Postmates, heavily funded by VCs, are helping small stores with technology to get logistical efficiencies.
The country's largest e-commerce player, Flipkart, too, is working on getting its grocery category live with a push towards express delivery. But hyper-local startups say they have the advantage of being focused and gain from strong onground, local tie-ups with retailers.
Logistics will be key
Zopper's Jain says he is keen on pushing categories where logistics is a pain point.Typically, the cost of moving a television set for e-commerce firms varies from anywhere between Rs 1,500 in the same city to Rs 3,000-4,000 if shipped to outside cities. Our cost of delivery is close to Rs 3,00,500 which gives us a huge advantage.
It's not only the horizontal e-commerce biggies feeling the heat, grocery e-tailers which are largely based on the inventory model are also under pressure to quicken their deliveries. Serial entrepreneur and investor K Ganesh, co-promoter of Big Basket, the country's largest online food and grocery store, says the hyper-local model is fraught with challenges in the Indian market. “The existing e-tailers will face some pressure as these startups burn investor capital without bothering about unit economics or per order profitability but the impact will not be significant for players which have their own private label as the margins will be substantial," he says. Though, he admits there's a consumer need for quick, within-an-hour delivery service for urgent buys and topup needs. Not surprisingly then, Big Basket said recently it'll soon be introducing deliveries within an hour or less through collaborations with neighbourhood stores. What's up for grabs for all is the Indian e-commerce market estimated to grow 15 times to $300 billion by 2030, says Goldman Sachs in a recent report suggesting the domestic online retail industry is “evolving into a hyper-local, ondemand market."
“In the near future, e-commerce in India will become a more hyper-local play because it's more cost-efficient. As for us, we might get into similar categories like grocery such as bakery, frozen meat later but not electronics or furniture,“ Navneet Singh, co-founder, Peppertap, which is funded by Sequoia Capital. But some disagree, pushing the case for an inventory-led model. “Indian consumers and logistics are very different from that of the US. In India without your own inventory or assured availability under your control, there is always a challenge of fulfillment and customer satisfaction as we have seen in true marketplace models versus warehoused models," says Big Basket's Ganesh.
Store-first Vs Product-first
Since everyone is chasing the I-want-it now generation of consumers, the new players say they will propel a paradigm shift in the demand-supply equation of products going forward. “If you can order your everyday necessities on our mobile app, we are in a position to innovate how we will fulfill the order. Over time, the local market's selection will be driven by what people are buying on their apps rather than the other way round," says Albinder Dhindsa, co-founder of Grofers, which intends to add categories like pharma, electronics and cosmetics very soon to its platform.
Hyper-local players can be broken down into the ones which have a storefirst approach like Instacart, valued at $2 billion, and Grofers versus the ones which have adopted a product-first line such as BigBasket, Zopnow, Peppertap among others. Dhindsa says the storefirst category is likely to become more horizontal and delivery heavy while the product-first players will have a vertical focus. What's to be pointed out is that it's still very early days for on-demand delivery startups in India which is why Amazon's Agarwal says the “power of execution" will become the key differentiator when players will have to do these things at scale. “That's where our asset lies," he posits.
The court, in its interim order, said that prima facie, the defendant was permitting other third-party sellers to "latch on" to the best sellers in one particular segment of products and directed the defendant to disable the feature in relation to the plaintiff and restrained it allowing any third-party sellers from "latching on" to the mark and product listings of the plaintiff. | <urn:uuid:73694e93-7a7b-4395-851c-19402571d1a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://retail.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/e-commerce/e-tailing/hyper-local-ventures-on-way-to-disrupt-e-commerce-1-0/47382356 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.958756 | 1,508 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Saipan and Katori City in Japan have made official a sister-city agreement between the two jurisdictions.
In a signing ceremony last Friday at the Saipan Mayor’s Office conference room, Saipan Mayor David M. Apatang signed the agreement here on Saipan while his Katori City counterpart, Mayor Seiichi Ui, signed the agreement in Japan synchronously, going through event proceedings over video conference.
The agreement draws on more than a hundred years of shared history between Saipan and Katori City in the Chiba Prefecture of Japan through the Katori Shrine, the head of all Katori Shrines throughout Japan, and the Saipan Katori Shrine, its branch shrine.
“Utilizing this connection, we wish to furthermore promote the friendly relations that we have been fostering thus far, to deepen mutual understanding and cooperation through the exchange of education, culture, industry, sports, and so forth. Thus, by this sister city agreement, the Municipality of Saipan and the City of Katori hereby agree to establish a sister city relationship,” the agreement states.
Apatang later said the main purpose of the agreement is to ensure a “perpetual connection” between the two municipalities, and he pledged that Saipan will participate in and develop cultural exchange programs with Katori City.
“The objective of the sister city agreement will be to ensure a perpetual connection between Katori City and Saipan and the preservation and teaching of the vital history of that connection. Because the preservation and teaching of that vital history is everybody’s business, just like tourism, we will develop programs that should include cultural exchange programs for the youth and adults,” said Apatang. “We will also endeavor to include exchanges in agriculture, commerce, and tourism in our relationship with Katori City, as the city is a premier agricultural hub in the Chiba Prefecture in Japan. The word Katori has a special place here [on] Saipan. It is the Katori Shrine in the Sugar King Park,” he added.
The signing ceremony was attended by guests both in Japan and on Saipan. One such guest on Saipan was Marianas Visitors Authority managing director Priscilla M. Iakopo, who said the cultural and historic ties between the CNMI and Japan can be found in tourist sites around Saipan and ingrained in the CNMI’s culture.
“Today’s agreement is a welcome occasion. The historic ties between Japan and Saipan are still evident at many sites around the island, including the Katori Shrine at the Sugar King Park in our main tourist district,” said Iakopo. “The ties between us can still be seen in the daily lives of our people, whether it be making sushi for family [occasions]…[or] our shared cultural values of respect for others, honoring our elders, and cooperation. …Today’s agreement is a symbol of those historic and cultural ties, and mutual goodwill and friendship between our people.”
Besides Iakopo, other guests at Friday’s signing included Hideaki Sawada, who is chairman of the Japanese Society of the Northern Marianas; Pacific Development Inc. managing director Gordon I. Marciano, and representatives from the Japan Saipan Travel Association and the Japan-Northern Marianas Descent Association. | <urn:uuid:e8ce0ed4-1eb1-42fc-a560-9d551ae6ede4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.saipantribune.com/index.php/katori-city-in-japan-and-saipan-ink-sister-city-relationship/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.951886 | 724 | 1.84375 | 2 |
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Postreplication DNA mismatch repair is essential for maintaining the integrity of genomic information in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The first step in mismatch repair is the recognition of base-base mismatches and insertions/deletions by bacterial MutS or eukaryotic MSH2-MSH6. Crystal structures of both proteins bound to mismatch DNA reveal a similar molecular architecture but provide limited insight into the detailed molecular mechanism of long-range allostery involved in mismatch recognition and repair initiation. This study describes normal-mode calculations of MutS and MSH2-MSH6 with and without DNA. The results reveal similar protein flexibilities and suggest common dynamic and functional characteristics. A strongly correlated motion is present between the lever domain and ATPase domains, which suggests a pathway for long-range allostery from the N-terminal DNA binding domain to the C-terminal ATPase domains, as indicated by experimental studies. A detailed analysis of individual low-frequency modes of both MutS and MSH2-MSH6 shows changes in the DNA-binding domains coupled to the ATPase sites, which are interpreted in the context of experimental data to arrive at a complete molecular-level mismatch recognition cycle. Distinct conformational states are proposed for DNA scanning, mismatch recognition, repair initiation, and sliding along DNA after mismatch recognition. Hypotheses based on the results presented here form the basis for further experimental and computational studies.
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathways maintain the integrity of genomic DNA by eliminating errors incorporated during replication and recombination. The initial steps of DNA-mismatch recognition and repair initiation in the postreplication MMR pathway are mostly conserved from bacteria to humans with MutS in prokaryotes and MutS homologs (MSH) in eukaryotes recognizing defective DNA and initiating repair (
). MutS is known to recognize base-base mismatches and short base insertions or deletions, leading to their successful repair. In eukaryotes, at least seven variants of MSH have been identified. They form a number of heterodimers, of which MSH2-MSH6 corresponds most closely to MutS (with MSH2 corresponding to S2, and MSH6 corresponding to S1) (
). Like MutS, the MSH2-MSH6 complex also recognizes basepair mismatches and single base insertions or deletions with high efficiency, but does not efficiently recognize longer base insertions or deletions (
) bound to different basepair mismatches or a single thymine insertion/deletion have become available. The structures all show the same architecture with two main functional sites at opposite ends of the dimer: a DNA-binding site and an ATPase site. As evidenced by the crystal structures, the clamp and DNA-binding domains (domains IV and I, respectively) from both chains (S1 and S2 of MutS or human MSH2-MSH6) encircle the mismatched DNA (Fig. 1). However, only the DNA-binding domain of one of the chains is in direct contact with the mismatch, giving rise to structural and functional asymmetry between the dimer moieties. Specific contacts with the mismatch base are made through a conserved “Phe-X-Glu” motif in the DNA-binding domain of chain S1 in MutS and MSH6. Insertion of this motif into the minor groove of the DNA is coincident with significant DNA bending (∼60°) and minor groove widening at and around the mismatch site compared to canonical DNA. The bent conformation of the DNA is further stabilized through nonspecific contacts from the clamp domain.
The nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs; domain V) reside on the opposite end of the protein with the ATP-binding sites (ATPase sites) lying close to the dimerization interface. Biochemical studies have provided evidence for functional coupling between DNA scanning, mismatch recognition, repair initiation, and ATPase activity (
). The NBD residing in each particular chain consists of Walker A and Walker B loops that are important for nucleotide phosphate binding and phosphate catalysis, respectively. Another loop containing a conserved phenylalanine residue (596 in MutS, 650 in MSH2, and 1108 in MSH6) stacks with the nucleotide adenine ring and the cavity is completed by the signature loop of the opposite monomer, which has been suggested to play an important role in catalysis. Several studies have suggested that the ATPase activities of the two chains are strongly correlated with each other and follow a sequential rather than simultaneous pattern of ATP hydrolysis (
). In free enzyme or when bound to regular DNA, the chain that contacts the DNA mismatch (S1 or MSH6) has a higher affinity for ATP compared to the other chain, whereas chain S2 or MSH2 binds mostly ADP (
). These results highlight a differential behavior of the two ATPase sites when the protein is bound to regular DNA, as depicted schematically in Fig. 2. During scanning of regular DNA, the NBD of chain S1/MSH6 binds ATP followed by fast hydrolysis to ADP. However, since exchange of ADP for ATP does not occur as rapidly as hydrolysis, ADP will be bound to this site for the majority of the time. At the same time, ADP is also bound predominantly to the other NBD of chain S2/MSH2.
Experimental data suggest that mismatch binding promotes the exchange of ADP for ATP while stalling ATP hydrolysis of S1/MSH6 (
). The resulting prolonged ATP-bound state at S1/MSH6 “authorizes” recognition of a mismatch by the DNA binding domain, whereas ATP is readily hydrolyzed when the DNA binding domain is bound to regular DNA (
). The dual ATP-bound state is believed to trigger a conformational change to a sliding clamp conformation whereby the mismatch is released by the DNA-binding domain and rebinding of mismatched DNA is inhibited (
Although there is a general understanding of the long-range allostery of MutS and its homologs involved in recognition and repair initiation, the molecular-level events leading to the functional correlation between N-terminal DNA mismatch recognition and C-terminal nucleotide binding and hydrolysis have remained elusive. Further advances in this respect have been hindered by the fact that the available crystal structures show only the mismatch-bound state and do not provide information about the different nucleotide-bound combinations in the two ATPase domains. Until now, the complex interplay between functional states of the two ATPase- and DNA-binding sites has mostly been elucidated by biochemical kinetic studies that failed to provide a molecular-level understanding of the process. Experiments may continue to reveal additional information for different functional states; however, conformational sampling of proteins can also be studied by theoretical means. Molecular-dynamics simulations that often offer insights in this regard are not easily applicable to MutS because of the long timescales of the mismatch recognition process and the large system size of the MutS-DNA complex. Normal-mode analysis (NMA) is an alternative strategy for studying large-scale conformational changes in biomolecules. NMA relies on a harmonic approximation of the potential energy surface around a minimum energy structure, and the resulting lowest-frequency dynamic modes often resemble biologically relevant functional motions (
). Here, we applied NMA to study the conformational dynamics of MutS and its eukaryotic homolog MSH2-MSH6. The results suggest a new molecular-level understanding of the long-range allosteric pathway in the functional interplay among DNA mismatch recognition, nucleotide-binding activity, and repair initiation. A structural characterization of distinct conformational states, along with the elucidation of a complete functional cycle, offers possible avenues for validating the proposed cycle through experiments.
Materials and Methods
Normal-mode (NM) calculations were performed on E. coli MutS and its human homolog, MSH2-MSH6, in the absence of any bound nucleotides. Calculations were performed on each protein in the presence or absence of DNA, resulting in a total of four sets of NM calculations. These are referred to as MSH-DNA, MSH-free, MutS-DNA, and MutS-free for MSH2-MSH6 with DNA, MSH2-MSH6 without DNA, MutS with DNA, and MutS without DNA, respectively. Initial structures of E. coli and human protein were obtained from Protein Database (PDB) IDs 1E3M (
Extending the treatment of backbone energetics in protein force fields: limitations of gas-phase quantum mechanics in reproducing protein conformational distributions in molecular dynamics simulations.
) and distance-dependent dielectric (ɛ = 4). The root mean-square deviations (RMSDs) of the minimized structures with respect to the crystal structures were 2.08Å, 2.42Å, 1.28Å, and 2.06Å for MSH-DNA, MSH-free, MutS-DNA, and MutS-free, respectively. Low RMSD values indicate that extensive minimization in the absence of explicit water or DNA does not lead to significant structural deviations from the crystal structure. NMs were calculated by means of the block-NM approach using the VIBRAN module in CHARMM (
), version c33a2, and with the same force field as used for minimization. Only low-frequency modes were analyzed in both proteins because they are the most relevant for describing functional motions involving the entire complex. To calculate the similarity between individual modes among MutS and MSH2-MSH6, we defined the overlap index for each pair of modes (i,j) as , where k is the number of aligned residues of MutS and MSH, Sik is the kth component unit vector of the ith mode of MutS, and Hik is the kth component unit vector of the jth mode of MSH. Each dot product contributing to the sum is between unit vectors and can possess a maximum value of 1 for residue pairs moving in exactly the same direction, or a value of −1 for residue pairs moving in exactly the opposite direction. The value of the overlap index can thus reach a maximum value of 1 for an ideal case in which all aligned residues of two proteins are moving in exactly the same or opposite direction. The sequence alignment between MSH2-MSH6 and MutS was taken from previous work (
NM calculations were carried out to explore the possible conformational dynamics of MutS and MSH2-MSH6 from the perspective of the crystal structures. Apart from conducting NMA calculations on both proteins with bound DNA, we also considered proteins without DNA to allow dynamics beyond the DNA mismatch bound form. Results from the analysis of MutS and MSH2-MSH6 in the presence and absence of DNA are discussed below. Data from four different sets of NM calculations are referred to as MSH-DNA, MSH-free, MutS-DNA, and MutS-free for MSH2-MSH6 with DNA, MSH2-MSH6 without DNA, MutS with DNA, and MutS without DNA, respectively.
Flexibility of MutS and MSH2-MSH6 from NMs and x-ray data
Root mean-square fluctuations (RMSFs) provide information about inherent protein flexibility. They can be deduced from experimental B-factors or can be calculated from NMs (
). The results in Fig. 3, A–D, show that the RMSFs calculated from experimental B-factors are uniformly high due to the limited resolution of the MSH2-MSH6 crystal structure (2.75 Å) and do not provide significant information about relative domain fluctuations. RMSFs from B-factors of the MutS crystal structure (with a resolution of 2.2 Å) are still high but indicate increased flexibility in MutS domains I and IV, and parts of III, in particular for chain S2. In contrast, RMSFs calculated from the first 10 NMs show significant differences in the domain movements. MutS-free and MSH-free exhibit large flexibility in the DNA binding and clamp domains (I and IV) and a lesser degree of flexibility between the lever domains (III). In contrast, the ATPase domains (V) show comparably low structural fluctuations. Mode calculations for MutS-DNA and MSH-DNA provide qualitatively similar results, but with damped flexibility in the clamp domains and in the DNA-binding domains of chain MSH6 and MutS S1. Fig. 4, A–D, show both proteins colored according to the B-factors calculated from NM RMSF values.
The NMA-based dynamics of MutS and MSH2-MSH6 are remarkably similar between chains, as well as between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzymes. MSH6 and domain I of MSH2 appear to be slightly more rigid compared to MutS, which may relate to the functional specialization of MSH2-MSH6. One may speculate that MutS requires increased flexibility to recognize both mismatches and longer insertions/deletions, in contrast to MSH2/MSH6, which recognizes only mismatches and single base insertions/deletions. Although an absolute comparison of RMSF values from a small number of NMs between proteins of different sizes may be problematic, very similar results were obtained when motions of the first 100 modes were accumulated (data not shown).
Furthermore, it appears that MSH2 and MutS S2 are slightly more flexible than MSH6 and MutS S1, respectively, with the exception of the clamp domain for MSH-DNA and MutS-DNA systems. The increased flexibility in domain I of MSH2 or MutS S2 and the decreased flexibility of the clamp domain compared to the other chain correspond to the structural asymmetry of MutS and MSH2-MSH6. The increased flexibility of domain I of MSH2/MutS S2 probably results from the fact that they do not make considerable contacts with the DNA, whereas extensive DNA contacts of the clamp domains of MSH2/MutS S2 compared to the other chain accounts for its decreased flexibility. It was observed that the clamp domain of MSH2 and MutS S2 makes 83 and 86 atomic contacts with the DNA, respectively, whereas that of MSH6 and MutS S1 makes only 62 and 42 contacts, respectively. It was further observed that the clamp and lever domains of MutS S1 are more flexible compared to those of MSH6, which again is a result of fewer atomic contacts made by the clamp of S1 with the DNA compared to MSH6. The number of atomic contacts was calculated by considering protein heavy atoms around 5Å of the DNA in the minimized structure of both proteins. Finally, Fig. 4 highlights that the clamp and lever domains of MSH2 in MSH-DNA are slightly more flexible than the corresponding domains in MutS S2 of MutS-DNA. These differences are probably the result of the proteins being bound to DNA segments of varying lengths. MutS-DNA has a longer DNA (3 basepair steps more than MSH-DNA), which topologically constrains the mobility of MutS S2, giving rise to a more rigid S2 clamp compared to that of MSH2. The portion of the lever domain of S2 that is tightly connected to the clamp also undergoes some degree of rigidification. The rigidification of MutS S2 may be more close to reality, as DNA undergoing repair in the cell is much longer than that observed in the crystal structures. It should also be mentioned that substantially longer DNA can alter the extent of flexibility observed in the clamp of the other chain, namely, S1 and MSH6. Hence, difference in the flexibility of clamp and lever due to the presence of a much larger DNA cannot be directly inferred from these studies using fragmented DNA. The only observed fact is that an overall decreased flexibility of the clamps and levers will result in both chains when compared to DNA-free systems.
Finally, it was observed that the RMSF for protein with DNA spikes at residues 1275–1281 in MSH6 and residues 663–666 in MutS S2. This is likely a manifestation of the tip effect (
Covariance plots averaged over the 10 lowest NMA modes were calculated to examine correlated motions in all four systems under investigation. The results shown in Fig. 5 indicate similar overall correlations in MutS and MSH2-MSH6 in the absence and presence of DNA. Furthermore, both chains of MutS and MSH2-MSH6 show similar average correlation patterns, with only minor variations, despite the structural asymmetry of the complex. Common to all chains are correlations within each domain, reflecting rigid-body domain motions, such as correlations between adjacent domains II (connector domain) and III (lever domain), between III and V (ATPase domain), and between I (DNA binding domain) and II. Whereas correlations within the same subunit are generally positive, correlations between dimer moieties are mostly negative, with the exception of a strong positive correlation between the two ATPase domains and the two clamp domains as a result of dimerization.
The plots indicate a high positive correlation between the lever domains and parts of the ATPase domains immediately adjacent to the lever, including the ATPase-binding sites. Experiments suggest the presence of long-range allostery between the N-terminal DNA-binding domain and the C-terminal ATPase domains; however, a clear understanding of the allosteric pathway is lacking. Strong correlations between the ATPase sites and lever domains highlight the propagation of signals within the two functional sites via the levers. Furthermore, the DNA-binding domain in MSH6 and MutS S1 has a strong negative correlation with the ATPase domain in MSH2 and MutS S2, respectively, in particular for MSH-DNA and MutS-DNA, again suggesting conserved domain motions that are important for allostery.
Correspondence between MutS and MSH2-MSH6 modes
The analysis of RMSFs and motional correlations indicates that MutS and MSH2-MSH6 exhibit similar dynamic characteristics in both the presence and absence of DNA. Furthermore, the correlation analyses from the first 10 modes suggests dynamic coupling between DNA binding and ATPase activity. To explore this point in more detail, the 10 lowest-frequency modes were individually compared between different states of the same protein, i.e., between MSH-free and MSH-DNA or between MutS-free and MutS-DNA. The same comparison was also performed between different proteins, i.e., MSH-free and MutS-free and MSH-DNA and MutS-DNA. Table 1 shows the overlap indices calculated between any pair of modes from four different systems as described in Materials and Methods. An overlap index value of 1.0 means that atoms move in identical directions in the two modes that are compared, and a value of 0.0 means that motions are entirely orthogonal or that atom motions have zero amplitude. Although a value of 1.0 or close to it is unlikely even for very similar structures, visual inspection of the MutS and MSH modes indicates that the motions are qualitatively similar when overlap indices are at 0.6 and above and, to a lesser but still substantial extent, when values are between 0.5 and 0.6, especially when MutS is compared with MSH. Relatively low overlap indices despite visually similar motions are due to uncertainties in the alignment between the two proteins, with a sequence identity of only 21% and 24% for MSH2 and MSH6 (
Table 1 shows that the highest degree of overlap on a mode-by-mode basis exists between MSH-free and MSH-DNA, and also between MSH-free and MutS-free systems. There is a lesser degree of one-to-one correspondence between MutS-free and MutS-DNA, and also between MSH-DNA and MutS-DNA, with individual modes being reordered more significantly according to frequencies in these systems. High one-to-one overlap is found between modes 1, 2, 3, 4 of MSH-free and modes 1, 5, 3, 4 of MutS-free; between modes 1, 3, 4, 9, 10 of MSH-DNA and modes 2, 5, 4, 9, 10 of MutS-DNA; between modes 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9 of MSH-DNA and modes 2, 3, 4, 5 and 9, 10, 7 of MSH-free; and between modes 1, 2, 3, 5 of MutS-DNA and modes 2, 5, 3 and 9, 7 of MutS-free. It is apparent that many modes do not match on a one-to-one basis, but share common features with multiple modes (e.g., mode 2 of MSH-free matches modes 2, 5, and 8 of MutS-free). It is known from previous studies that the complex domain motions that are responsible for altered functional states in a large protein are often better represented as a combination of low-frequency modes. Our studies also suggest that the low-frequency modes of both MSH and MutS exhibit almost similar domain flexibility, whereas specific protein dynamics are often seen to occur as a combination of multiple modes showing different degrees of mode mixing in both proteins. The degree of mode mixing observed in this study will likely change as a result of using different force fields or coarse-grained models, but low-frequency NM space will likely be conserved in all NM analyses, provided the starting structure remains the same. Thus, the main aim of this study is to highlight the conserved nature of domain motions in both proteins, rather than to highlight any specific mode or modes responsible for the protein function.
The presence of DNA alters the structural flexibility to some extent, as evidenced by the differences between modes in the presence and absence of DNA. For example, mode 1 is present in MSH-free and MutS-free but not in MSH-DNA or MutS-DNA. As described in more detail below, the mode involves large motions of the clamp domains that are not possible in the presence of DNA. Visual inspection further reveals that altered motions of the clamp and DNA-binding domains for structures in the presence and absence of DNA is a major factor in reduced mode overlap indices between the two protein systems, despite otherwise similar overall motion. Of interest, MSH modes are much more conserved in MSH-free and MSH-DNA systems than in the two MutS systems. This suggests that protein flexibility is altered more in MutS than in MSH2-MSH6 through specific DNA interactions, especially near the DNA-binding domain and clamps. This further reflects a more rigid overall structure in MSH2-MSH6 that is optimized to interact with mismatched DNA, whereas MutS requires more structural flexibility to interact with both mismatched DNA and significantly distorted DNA structures with insertions or deletions.
In this study, we focus more on modes from MSH-free and MutS-free because they are more likely to indicate motions from the known mismatch-bound crystallographic structures toward alternate states during DNA scanning and MMR. A comparison of the modes between MSH-free and MutS-free indicates that modes 1, 3, 4, and 9 from both complexes significantly overlap and may be considered equivalent. Modes 2 and 5 overlap significantly, suggesting that these modes are simply reordered with respect to their frequencies. However, there is also overlap between mode 2 of both complexes, suggesting common features in both modes. Otherwise, there is significant mode overlap along the diagonal for modes 7–9 and additional limited off-diagonal overlap for modes 6–10. Overall, mode overlaps between MSH-DNA and MutS-DNA are lower, but high overlap indices are again limited mostly to diagonal or nearby off-diagonal elements, with modes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 10 of MSH-DNA corresponding to modes 1 and 2, 2, 5, 4, 6, 6, 9, and 10 of MutS-DNA.
Low-frequency modes in MSH2/MSH6
Our analyses indicate that the dynamic characteristics are largely conserved between MutS and MSH2-MSH6 in both the presence and absence of DNA. This is not surprising, but it is also not trivial given the structural differences between the eukaryotic and prokaryotic enzymes and the slightly different biological functions. In the following, we describe the lowest-frequency modes in more detail, with a focus on the modes of MSH-free.
The protein motion during each of the first five modes of MSH-free is shown in Fig. 6. Close-up views of the ATPase domains of selected modes are shown in Fig. 7. Modes 6–10 of MSH-free and all 10 modes of MutS-free and MutS-DNA, as well as those for MSH-DNA, are shown in Figs. S1–S5 in the Supporting Material. Movies for mode 1 (Movies S1a and S1b), mode 2 (Movies S2a and S2b), mode 3 (Movies S3a and S3b), mode 4 (Movies S4a and S4b), and mode 5 (Movies S5a and S5b) of MSH-free are also provided. Initial visual inspection suggests the following general conclusions about the nature of domain motions in both MutS and MSH2-MSH6: 1), Most of the modes show an overall breathing motion of the DNA-binding cavity involving the clamp and DNA-binding domains. The parts of the clamp domains that are directly bound to the DNA backbone always show damped motion in proteins with DNA, although movements of other parts of the DNA-binding cavity show a similar kind of breathing motion. Such an opening/closing motion of the DNA-binding cavity corresponds to conformational transitions between a mismatch-bound state and scanning/sliding conformations where the interaction with DNA is presumed to be weaker. 2), Many modes show a correlation between opening/closing of the DNA-binding cavity and alterations in the ATPase domain, in particular the nucleotide-binding cleft. This finding establishes that both MutS and MSH2-MSH6 are capable of allosteric communication between DNA-binding and ATPase activity. The correlation between motions of the DNA-binding domains and the ATPase domains varies because it may involve the MSH6, MSH2, or both ATPase domains in an alternating fashion. 3), A mode that affects the nucleotide-binding cleft in both ATPase domains in the same manner and at the same time is not observed in any of the four cases studied. This finding agrees with the experimental evidence that ATPase activity in MSH2-MSH6 involves the two domains in a sequential rather than a simultaneous fashion (
The individual modes are described in detail below:
Mode 1 involves a wagging motion of the clamp domain along the direction of the DNA. The rotating motion around the core, which is apparent in the rest of the enzyme, results from a fixed center of mass. If the protein is aligned at domains I, II, III, and V, only the clamp domain IV moves in this mode. Mode 1 involves both chains to the same extent. The exact functional role of this mode is unclear, but it may be related to the translocation of MSH2-MSH6 along DNA in the absence of mismatch when the clamps do not establish strong contacts with the DNA backbone. This mode is absent in both proteins bound to DNA mismatch, presumably due to residue contacts with the bent DNA.
Mode 2 consists of a partial opening/closing motion of the DNA-binding site that is less pronounced than in some of the other modes. The unique aspect of this mode is the alternating opening/closing of the nucleotide-binding clefts between the MSH2 and MSH6 ATPase domains (Fig. 7). It appears likely that this mode is involved in coupling MSH6 and MSH2 ATPase activity in a sequential fashion. As mentioned above, mode 2 in MSH-free has high overlap with mode 5 of MutS-free. However, this is due to similar motions in the DNA-binding, clamp, and core domains. The alternating opening/closing of the two nucleotide-binding sites is not present in mode 5 of MutS-free, but is seen instead in mode 2 of MutS-free. An alternating ATPase movement that correlates similarly to motions in the DNA-binding cavity is also observed in mode 1 of MutS-DNA and MSH-DNA, suggesting that the interdomain correlation is conserved in all systems.
Mode 3 couples opening of the DNA-binding site with closing of the nucleotide-binding cleft in MSH2. The opening of the DNA-binding site is achieved by the movement of the clamp domains away from the DNA, as well as the movement of the DNA-binding domain in MSH6 out of the plane of the MSH2-MSH6 complex. Relative to the DNA, this motion moves domain I out of the DNA groove rather than along its helical axis. In the open form of this mode, most DNA contacts of MSH6 near the mismatch site are lost and the DNA can essentially slide freely relative to MSH2-MSH6. This mode is highly conserved in all other systems of MutS and MSH, and is thus expected to play an important role in the protein's functional cycle. An almost identical mode is observed for modes 2 and 3 for MSH-DNA and MutS-DNA. We note, though, that the overlap index between the two modes in MSH-DNA and MutS-DNA is small due to altered clamp movements in MutS-DNA, but otherwise they show similar domain motions.
Mode 4 consists mainly of a sideways motion of the clamp and part of the lever domains toward either the MSH2 or MSH6 side of the enzyme. This mode is asymmetric with respect to the overall complex. A symmetric version of this mode would result in clamp domain separation and lead to an open dimer where the clamp domains are far away from each other, as proposed for the DNA-free complex from small-angle x-ray scattering (
). The symmetric mode is not observed, presumably due to limitations of the harmonic approximation in NMA.
Mode 5 involves closing of the DNA-binding cavity that is coupled with opening of the nucleotide-binding cleft in MSH6. The closing of the DNA-binding cavity is achieved primarily by the motion of the clamp domains directly toward the DNA. A similar overall motion is also found in mode 2 of MutS-free, although the coupling between opening and closing of the DNA-binding cavity with changes in the ATPase domain of MutS S1 is more pronounced in mode 6 of MutS-free. It is likely that MutS-free achieves a motion equivalent to the MSH-free mode 5 through a combination of modes 2 and 6. A similar correlated motion between the DNA-binding cavity and ATPase domains is further observed in mode 5 of MSH-DNA and mode 4 of MutS-DNA.
Functional cycle of MSH2-MSH6 and MutS from NMs
The crystal structures of MutS and the MSH2-MSH6 complex show only the mismatch-bound conformation. It is clear, however, that other functional states are involved during scanning of regular DNA, authorization of MMR, and sliding of the enzyme along DNA during and immediately after repair before DNA scanning is resumed. On the molecular level, these different states are likely reflected in altered conformations of MSH2-MSH6 and MutS. X-ray crystallographic approaches have not identified alternate states of MSH2-MSH6, but there is evidence of alternating ATP- and ADP-bound states from small-angle x-ray scattering (
), where ATP binding has resulted in more compact protein conformations. The NMA presented here offers for the first time, to our knowledge, insights into the functional dynamics of MSH2-MSH6 and MutS beyond the known DNA-mismatch bound crystal structures. By combining the conserved low-frequency modes in a sequential fashion, it is possible to propose, for the first time, a complete functional cycle of MSH2-MSH6 and MutS that is in full agreement with experimental observations. The proposed molecular-level picture of the cycle is illustrated in Fig. 8 and described in detail below.
The functional cycle of MSH2-MSH6 and MutS begins with binding to newly replicated DNA. Experimental data suggest that DNA-free MutS is present in an open form. Upon association with DNA, the clamp domains are presumed to close. The asymmetric mode 4 indicates how the clamp domains might separate, starting from the DNA-bound form, without significantly affecting the structure of the rest of the enzyme.
DNA scanning and mismatch recognition
Once MSH2-MSH6 or MutS is bound to DNA, it will begin scanning for base mismatches. According to single-molecule experiments, MSH2-MSH6 moves along regular DNA via one-dimensional diffusion (
). The transition from scanning to mismatch recognition is therefore expected to involve a significant change in the DNA-binding domain from a relaxed conformation with relatively weak protein-DNA interactions to a tightened conformation in which the enzyme holds on to highly bent DNA. The opening/closing motion of the DNA-binding cavity in mode 5 of MSH2-MSH6 describes such a transition in molecular detail.
The transition from DNA scanning to mismatch recognition is coupled to the fast exchange of ADP to ATP and subsequent stalling of ATP hydrolysis in MSH6, according to kinetic experiments (
). Mode 5 couples closing of the DNA-binding cavity to opening of the MSH6 or MutS S1 nucleotide-binding cleft, and vice versa. The nucleotide-binding cleft is sandwiched between the Walker A motif and a loop, which acts as a flap over the adenine moiety. This loop contains a conserved Phe residue (Phe596 in MutS, Phe650 in MSH2, and Phe1108 in MSH6) that stacks with the adenine ring in all available crystal structures. Previous studies of ATP binding in some ATPases revealed that binding often induces tightening of the site that is required for ATP hydrolysis, as suggested by an increase in the hydrophobicity of the binding pocket (
). We hypothesize that an open nucleotide-binding cleft in the MSH2-MSH6 and MutS ATPase domains encourages ATP binding but inhibits hydrolysis. In contrast, closing of the ATPase cavity predominantly involves movement of the loop bound to the adenine ring toward the catalytic center (Walker B motif), thereby ensuring successful ATP catalysis. Mode 5 therefore provides a molecular-level picture of how mismatch recognition through deformation of DNA at the mismatch site might be coupled to the experimentally observed changes in MSH6 ATP activity.
In most of the crystal structures of MSH2-MSH6 and MutS, ADP or a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog is present in both or any one of the chains, although only one MutS structure with bound ATP on both chains has been reported so far (
). The difficulties of observing the protein with stable ATP bound MSH6/S1 may be attributed to crystal packing that does not allow the formation of ATPase domains that are truly catalytically inactive (
), and can be understood in terms of the alternating opening/closing of the nucleotide-binding clefts seen in mode 2. We hypothesize that the initially very open ATP-binding site in MSH6 after mismatch recognition partially closes upon ATP binding, which in turn leads to opening of the MSH2 ATP-binding site according to mode 2 and subsequent exchange of ADP for ATP in MSH2. Mode 2 also involves structural rearrangement outside the ATPase domain, indicating that the enzyme assumes a distinct conformation at this step of the functional cycle, possibly to facilitate MutL/MLH binding.
Repair and mismatch release
Recent experiments suggest that after the initiation of repair, MSH2-MSH6 and MutS form a mobile clamp state that slides along the DNA in search of downstream repair proteins (
). Moreover, this sliding activity is not powered by ATP hydrolysis. This transition remains to be elucidated by experimental studies. We propose that the most conserved mode in both proteins, i.e., mode 3, describes the molecular events involved in the formation of sliding clamp conformation. In mode 3, the DNA-binding cavity is opened by the release of the clamps from the DNA coupled to a large motion of the DNA-binding domain perpendicular to the DNA helix. As a result, intimate interactions with the mismatch through the DNA groove become impossible. This is particularly true for interactions involving the highly conserved Phe-X-Glu motif, which is known to interact specifically at the mismatch site (
). The protein is capable of sliding along the DNA in this state. The release of DNA mismatch binding and sliding according to mode 3 is coupled to a tightening of the MSH2 ATP-binding site, which would facilitate eventual ATP hydrolysis in MSH2 and allow recovery of the DNA scanning mode.
Although specific NMs have been mentioned in descriptions of molecular events during scanning, mismatch binding, and sliding clamp formation, it is likely that opening and closing of the DNA-binding cavity actually occurs as a result of multiple low-frequency modes. This is even more likely because almost all of the low-frequency modes studied, except mode 1 in MSH-free and MutS-free, exhibit some kind of breathing motion of the DNA-binding cavity that involves different domain motions, such as those of the clamps, levers, and DNA-binding domain. The specific modes used to describe the conformational changes in the functional cycle only show the necessary synchronization between the opening/closing of the DNA-binding cavity and the ATPase cleft, and thus are used to describe the experimentally observed allosteric effects.
Validation through experiments and further simulation
The results from the NM calculations presented here allow us to make a number of predictions about the functional dynamics of MutS and MSH2-MSH6 and the existence of additional functional states that have not been characterized on a molecular level to date. In particular, we propose molecular-level details of long-range allosteric coupling between the N-terminal DNA-binding domains and the C-terminal ATPase sites, as well as coupling between the two adjacent ATPase sites, which are known to exhibit a sequential pattern of action. In addition, the results presented here provide an atomic level characterization of distinct states in the functional cycle of MutS and MSH2-MSH6. A more open DNA scanning conformation is proposed and a sliding clamp state is predicted whereby the DNA-binding domain is rotated out of the enzyme to result in structures that are significantly different from the crystal structure. These findings should stimulate further experimental and computational studies to validate the predictions made here. In particular, structural experiments could probe the nature of the DNA scanning and sliding conformations based on the predictions presented here, and biochemical studies could test mutations that would disrupt the proposed domain movements. Furthermore, the proposed structures for alternate functional states could be subjected to more extensive computational studies to examine their stability and transitions between those states.
Results from NM calculations of MSH2-MSH6 and MutS were used to develop a molecular-level picture of distinct conformational states involved in their functional cycles. A comparison of the modes between MSH2-MSH6 and MutS reveals striking similarities, indicating that the two enzymes are not just structurally but also dynamically and functionally equivalent on the molecular level. The most important result indicates the presence of a strong motional correlation between the ATPase domains and the lever domains in all low-frequency modes analyzed, whereas individual modes highlight the specific nature of the correlation between the N-terminal DNA-binding domains and the ATPase domains. This indicates that both MutS and MSH2-MSH6 are structurally capable of establishing long-range allostery during their functional cycle. Based on a detailed analysis of the lowest-frequency modes in the context of the available experimental data, a detailed mechanism is proposed that involves DNA scanning, mismatch recognition, repair initiation, and sliding of MSH2-MSH6/MutS along DNA before scanning is resumed.
NM calculations can provide an approximate view of biologically relevant dynamics in biomolecules, but are limited by the theoretical nature of the methodology. The ideas presented here suggest a number of experiments that could validate and extend the proposed mechanism of DNA mismatch recognition by MSH2-MSH6 and MutS. Furthermore, the NM results can serve as starting points for additional computational studies to investigate the proposed functional states and transitions between them in more detail.
We thank Dr. Katarzyna Maksimiak and Mr. Hugh Crosmun for valuable contributions during the early stages of the project, and the High Performance Computing Center at Michigan State University for providing access to computational resources. We acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation CAREER Program (grant 0447799) and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.
Extending the treatment of backbone energetics in protein force fields: limitations of gas-phase quantum mechanics in reproducing protein conformational distributions in molecular dynamics simulations. | <urn:uuid:dc04cc7b-f0fd-429b-81f1-8ab1dd7ea0e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cell.com/biophysj/fulltext/S0006-3495(09)00218-5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936042 | 8,813 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Does MIT require college essay?
To those seeking admission, MIT requires students to complete 5 additional essays, all of which understandably appear intimidating to approach. However, CollegeVine is here to help and offer our guide on how tackle MIT’s essays!
Does MIT require an essay?
While MIT does not require the ACT writing section or SAT optional essay, MIT does value writing and communication highly. MIT believes that students in any field should learn to write prose that is clear, organized, and eloquent, and to convincingly present facts, data, and ideas.
What MIT looks for in a student?
And, while we look for students who show qualities that would make them a good match for MIT – academically talented students interested in an analytical-based, hands-on education, who have shown true engagement, initiative, curiosity, and community mindedness – there is no one specific profile of student that we are …
Can average student get into MIT?
Currently, MIT’s acceptance rate is 7.3%, which means it only accepts around 7 applicants for every 100 people that apply. A 7.3% acceptance rate means that MIT is extremely competitive to get into. You’ll need excellent grades, test scores, essays, and letters of recommendation to even be considered.
Are MIT students smart?
Everyone at MIT is smart, there is no doubt about that. Some are geniuses, but most just work hard. There are quirks that many MIT students share, but most people are not socially awkward; they can function in greater society and even befriend people! Also, not all of us know how computers work.
Is MIT too stressful?
MIT can be very stressful, especially freshman year, because many new students aren’t used to this level of rigor you will experience when doing your first problem sets, writing your first papers, and taking your first midterms.
What is the most popular major at MIT?
The most popular majors at Massachusetts Institute of Technology include: Computer Science; Mechanical Engineering; Mathematics, General; Physics, General; and Electrical and Electronics Engineering. The average freshman retention rate, an indicator of student satisfaction, is 99%.
How much do MIT students sleep?
Respondents were asked what time they typically go to sleep and wake up on weekdays. Based on these responses, more than half (54%) of MIT respondents allow themselves the chance to get 8+ hours of sleep; another 29% allow themselves to get 7 hours of sleep.
Do MIT students have free time?
There is plenty of time for extracurricular activities and since MIT admits students who have demonstrated extraordinary good time management skills in high school, being on campus at MIT 168 hours per week is easy. You’ll have much more free time if you’re just trying to graduate and get out.
Is MIT really need-blind?
MIT is one of just a few schools in the country to be considered full-need and need-blind, meaning the school does not consider financial status during acceptance decisions and claims to meet all demonstrated financial need.
Can I study in Harvard for free?
If your family’s income is less than $65,000, you’ll pay nothing. For more than ninety percent of American families, Harvard costs less than a public university. All students receive the same aid regardless of nationality or citizenship.
How much do Harvard students pay?
Harvard University’s main campus in Cambridge, MA. According to Harvard’s website, tuition costs for the 2019-2020 school year total $47,730, fees are $4,195, and room and board costs $17,682 for a subtotal of billed costs of $69,607.
How much is Harvard tuition 2020?
|Subtotal – billed costs||$72,357|
How much do Harvard students study?
According to an online survey of 324 undergraduates that I conducted last semester, students at Harvard already spend seven hours a day (49 hours a week) involved in academics—including class, work and study. | <urn:uuid:dbf6d8a5-766f-4ce1-855d-5c1e94dc9fda> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mv-organizing.com/does-mit-require-college-essay/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.944734 | 883 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Fire season is now a year-round reality in El Dorado County and its surrounding areas. The Caldor Fire is but the latest example of the devastation from a wildfire out of control. Did you know:
With the surge in fire activity, we know we need to increase prevention measures that could help decrease fire danger in El Dorado County communities.
This website provides the latest on the County's efforts to help keep its residents prepared and safe for wildfires and links to other organizations that focus on wildfire prevention and preparedness.
The best way to reach Vegetation Management with less wait time is by sending an email to email@example.com
You may also call our Vegetation Management recorded line, 530-621-4663, and leave a message. During times of busy call volumes, it may take 48-72 hours for your call to be returned.
Check this site often for updates. | <urn:uuid:5ac278a4-58da-4929-9ab2-2843d32f3be7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://edcgov.us/Government/CAO/VegetationManagement/Pages/default.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.941079 | 186 | 2.015625 | 2 |
The Woman in Black Gifted and Talented Pack
Challenging activity pack that stretches your gifted and more able students during their exploration of The Woman in Black at GCSE. The activities demonstrate how to achieve the highest grades possible using aspects of Bloom’s Taxonomy and give students control over their own learning.
Totally meets the needs and demands of G&T pupils
I am genuinely looking forward to using this resource with my top set Y10 next year!
The resource covers the key areas of the text: important events, characters, context, language, structure, form, themes, ideas and interpretations. Within each key area, engaging and thought-provoking activities aim to:
- Prompt the recall of important points, aid comprehension and reinforce clear, advanced understanding
- Support literal and abstract analyses
- Enable students to apply their knowledge of the play to a new situation or an unseen extract, encourage individual interpretations and stimulate new, creative and individual ideas
Teacher’s notes and answers have been included for the more challenging tasks.
What do teachers say about this resource? (5663)
Excellent quality – very comprehensive... The context section was fantastic – really good ideas of how to deliver this part of the AO – often the hardest part to make accessible and interesting to pupils. All of the sections fit in perfectly with the strands on which the pupils are assessed. [I particularly like the] creative responses as well as exam/essay-type responses. This allows pupils to think outside of the box and therefore write more exploratory and analytical responses... I [also] particularly like the fact that the research has been done for me – this is the most time consuming element of lesson preparation... Totally meets the needs and demands of G&T pupils... Thought it was great – for both teachers and pupils. The range of activities was appropriate, interesting and challenging. I am genuinely looking forward to using this resource with my top set Y10 next year! H Choudbury, English Teacher
There is an excellent range of questions and content covered, and this resource is ready to use instantly. This resource lends itself well to any student who is considering studying Literature at KS5 as language, structure and form are covered in depth... I like the flexibility of the resource as teachers can use sections as and when needed. I also like the tips which are included on most worksheets. They are small pointers which don’t seem overwhelming to students and they can easily work them into their responses. I very much like the ‘Get Creative’ tasks and I know my students would too... After each section an annotated response is included, which is invaluable for students. Students like to see graded examples and in this resource students are shown how to achieve the highest grade possible. K Greaves, English Teacher
It is extremely comprehensive... great for dipping in and out of... Activities are appropriately challenging... | <urn:uuid:5c5495f6-bc40-45af-896d-a628664c82b2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://zigzageducation.co.uk/synopses/5663-The-Woman-in-Black-gifted-talented-pack-gcse?pod=5663&keyword=susan-hill | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95953 | 592 | 3.1875 | 3 |
John Roberts is a professor of marketing at UNSW Business School, with a joint appointment at London Business School. He has extensive senior executive experience and has been a visiting professor at Stanford, MIT, the University of Hamburg, and the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Roberts spoke to Julian Lorkin for BusinessThink.
BusinessThink: The TV series Madman may be coming to an end but the marketing theory that began in that era is still with us. Once it was all about a great advert in the newspaper and then we moved on to a good colour TV advert. Before long we had loyalty cards and recently we've had digital advertising on our computers. Now, marketing companies want to move forward to a world where data mining and targeted adverts are king. So, how do companies understand customers in what's increasingly tomorrow's world?
John Roberts: There's a lot more data coming at marketers today and so marketers can learn about their customers – particularly what their customers do – a lot more easily because the data is recorded and can be analysed.
BT: I'm told that "data fusion" is almost a holy grail. What is it and why is it so important?
Roberts: Data fusion: If I'm going to understand you as one of my customers, I am going to learn about you from a lot of different sources. I am going to learn about you from what you do, I am going to learn about you from your credit cards, I am going to learn about you from your mobile, from the searches you do on Google. And if I can put those pieces together, I'll have a much more complete view of you than if I can only look at them separately. So if I want to really understand [someone], I have to be able to know that the person who did that Google search is the same person who is going to shop in my store one week later.
BT: And there's a lot of consumer push back isn't there?
Roberts: There can be consumer push back against the ability of marketers to understand them and to address their needs better because they may feel their privacy is being invaded. For example, they may feel as though they have been manipulated.
I think there are two issues involved. One is that there's an off spin of equation here: you're giving me benefits because you understand me better and you're giving things that better meet my needs. To the extent that I do that, you are going to be actually happier with me. For example, Tesco is the UK's biggest retailer and does a terrific job of understanding its customers and targeting offers and products to meet them. So you're happier for me to use that knowledge because you're getting some benefit from it.
I guess the second issue is that there's a cost, and the cost to the consumer is that they feel they are being observed. They feel less free, they may feel manipulated, and they may be manipulated. I think the community is doing a reasonably good job of putting regulations in place so that I, as a marketer, can't market to you unless I have your permission. And I think that is an ongoing work in progress, where we have to keep on making sure, as a community, we protect ourselves and our privacy.
BT: You briefly mentioned Tesco. When their loyalty card was launched nearly two decades ago, it was a marketer's dream of suddenly collecting all this information. But where's the loyalty, because everybody has them now? And, in particular, if it comes down to Frequent Flyer cards, which are in effect another type of loyalty card, customers are getting very cynical about them. Why should they actually be loyal?
Roberts: Loyalty cards are a terrific example of how marketing is changing. It's not so much the loyalty card anymore as the loyalty relationship, and so the card is just a manifestation which says you, the customer, have a relationship with me, the marketer. But if I can better meet your needs by better understanding your behaviour from the shopping and search you do, then I am actually in a very strong position.
Loyalty is bigger than it ever was, but the loyalty card itself is probably less important if just having a card saying that you are a Qantas Frequent Flyer really means a lot less. But if Qantas [could] now understand that you would love to be able to use your work Frequent Flyer miles to have a holiday with your family, and they could tailor such a holiday, and tailor me a different one, then that's very valuable.
Read the full interview at BusinessThink. | <urn:uuid:a9cedadb-586c-4b2f-a33a-277f826dacf2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newsroom.unsw.edu.au/news/business-law/data-fusion-john-roberts-new-frontline-marketing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.984005 | 947 | 1.703125 | 2 |
What to do if the Amazon assistant does not respond to you?
It has happened to him that Alexa asks, what time is it? Is it cold outside? How is the Colombian game going? and there is no immediate response from the voice assistant, there are many reasons, or you do not have an internet connection, or you do not identify who is speaking to you, or the ambient noise is greater.
It is not that the assistants are in rebellion but that they may be minor inconveniences, easy to solve.
The first ones are of use and access, remember that it is normal for Alexa to hear and understand perfectly, within a certain distance between where you are and the device.
The easiest thing to try is to use the power adapter that came with the device to prevent damage to the equipment.
You can check the internet connection and that it works effectively, that the device is not muted, check that the light is not red, you can press the Action button on the Echo device to check if Alexa responds.
The simplest thing is to unplug the device and plug it back in.
The other way is to rephrase the question or ask Alexa if she has listened to see if she responds.
Think if the problems of Alexa to understand also have to do with noise, evaluate the place where the device or speaker is the ideal, it can be done with a check by consulting the voice history of Alexa.
From the Alexa application, available for iPhone and Android in the More menu, the Settings option, select Alexa Privacy and finally Check voice history. There you can see all the tickets available with their date, etc.
You will also know if there was someone talking next door or the TV was on, music was playing nearby, noise from the street was coming in and you can decide if it is an ideal place or a relocation is required.
Alexa can identify you
One way to solve these misunderstandings with Alexa is for Amazon’s voice assistant to recognize your voice. For this there is an option called voice ID or voice profile.
When you create a voice ID in the Alexa app in the More section you can in Settings and then in My profile and family add a voice in the add my voice section.
The assistant will ask you to say some things out loud, and then Alexa will learn what your voice is.
So you can remove the sound of Twitter
So you can customize your calendar on iOS and MacOS | <urn:uuid:18ca1633-acf3-44c1-a1a9-08e31d39ee9b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://asrtechnews.com/2022/08/06/what-to-do-if-the-amazon-assistant-does-not-respond-to-you/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.952083 | 515 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Can you think of an activity that you’re good at and you enjoy? Can you remember what got you hooked? It may be by accident but in most cases, people start doing it by free will from a light nudge from the outside world. The nudge can be a recommendation from a friend, an advertisement etc. These stimulating agents activate your curiosity. So curiosity is the thing that started a fire in you.
Curiosity may seem like a simple thing to most people because we hear about it all our lives but it’s not as simple as it may seem. Curiosity is what moves scientific progress forward. Note that scientific progress started blossoming only with Scientific Revolution when people began questioning all the knowledge.
We found what makes you interested in a specific activity. But what makes you good at it? The first thing that comes to mind is aptitude to this activity. Maybe you have physique so you’re good at sport or you’re a brainy type so you enjoy math. That’s only part of the story. When you see a person that good at what he/she’s doing don’t attribute it talent/aptitude, attribute it to hard work.
There is a book called “Outliers: The Story of Success” by Malcolm Gladwell. In this book, the ‘10,000-Hour Rule’ is introduced. The rule claims that you have to spend 10,000 hours to achieve world-class expertise in any skill. For example, practising a specific task that can be accomplished with 20 hours of work a week for 10 years. I believe that’s true so persistence is what makes you good at something. So keep in mind the learning process is a marathon, not a race.
Curiosity and Persistence
The more you do something, the better you become at it. People tend to enjoy doing what they do well. So we came to the useful sequence:
- Curiosity makes you interested in something.
- Persistence makes you good at it
- You enjoy activity if you’re good at it. | <urn:uuid:8a96e91d-d142-485c-8a1e-1ed64f010641> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.badykov.com/common/persistence-and-curiosity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950472 | 447 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Thermea’s sole solar water heaters in Dubai can be a cost-effective way to generate hot water for your home. They can be used in any climate and sunlight is the fuel here.
In this read let’s talk about the selection, working methodology, installation & maintenance of solar water heaters
Selecting a solar water heater-
Before buying and installing a solar water heating system, you should do the following:-
- Understand the cost and energy efficiency of the system.
- Evaluate your site’s solar resource
- Determine the correct system size
- Research local codes, conventions, and regulations.
Also understand the various components required for solar water heating systems, including the following:-
- Heat exchangers for solar water heating systems
- Heat transfer fluids for solar water heating systems
Working procedure of our product sole solar water heaters in Dubai –
The solar water heater absorbs the light through a collector placed on the roof and converts it into heat. It passes this heat to a tank of water using a circulation pump.
This exchange is activated by the thermal regulator, but only when the collector is warmer than the water in the tank. This prevents circulation pumps from using electricity unnecessarily. On the contrary, it also prevents overheating.
The efficiency of the collectors is highest at noon, in summer, when the sky is clear and when the collectors face south.
When there is not enough sunlight, the water is preheated and a backup system takes over to bring the water to the required temperature. Therefore, this system can be used to produce hot water at a constant temperature throughout the year without emitting CO2.
System installations and maintenance –
There are some factors behind the installation of heaters. These factors include solar resources, weather, local building code requirements, and safety concerns; therefore, it is best to have your system installed by a qualified solar thermal contractor.
After installation, proper maintenance of your system will keep it running smoothly. Passive systems do not require a lot of maintenance.
For active systems, discuss maintenance requirements with your system vendor and consult your system owner’s manual. Plumbing and other water heating components require the same maintenance.
Regular maintenance by systems with electrical components generally require one or two replacement parts after 10 years.
What are you waiting for? Install now with the support of Thermea Equipment. Visit us for more!! | <urn:uuid:702d9cce-b313-4429-b1cc-443e837a45c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thermea-equipment.com/blog/explore-about-sole-solar-water-heaters-in-dubai/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.900066 | 493 | 1.9375 | 2 |
A harmonic is a wave with a frequency that is a positive integer multiple of the fundamental frequency, the frequency of the original periodic signal, such as a sinusoidal wave. The original signal is also called the 1st harmonic, the other harmonics are known as higher harmonics. As all harmonics are periodic at the fundamental frequency, the sum of harmonics is also periodic at that frequency. The set of harmonics forms a harmonic series.
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The term is employed in various disciplines, including music, physics, acoustics, electronic power transmission, radio technology, and other fields. For example, if the fundamental frequency is 50 Hz, a common AC power supply frequency, the frequencies of the first three higher harmonics are 100 Hz (2nd harmonic), 150 Hz (3rd harmonic), 200 Hz (4th harmonic) and any addition of waves with these frequencies is periodic at 50 Hz.
An nth characteristic mode, for n > 1, will have nodes that are not vibrating. For example, the 3rd characteristic mode will have nodes at L and L, where L is the length of the string. In fact, each nth characteristic mode, for n not a multiple of 3, will not have nodes at these points. These other characteristic modes will be vibrating at the positions L and L. If the player gently touches one of these positions, then these other characteristic modes will be suppressed. The tonal harmonics from these other characteristic modes will then also be suppressed. Consequently, the tonal harmonics from the nth characteristic modes, where n is a multiple of 3, will be made relatively more prominent.
In music, harmonics are used on string instruments and wind instruments as a way of producing sound on the instrument, particularly to play higher notes and, with strings, obtain notes that have a unique sound quality or "tone colour". On strings, bowed harmonics have a "glassy", pure tone. On stringed instruments, harmonics are played by touching (but not fully pressing down the string) at an exact point on the string while sounding the string (plucking, bowing, etc.); this allows the harmonic to sound, a pitch which is always higher than the fundamental frequency of the string. | <urn:uuid:96ddc0ad-1b9b-4cfe-98da-e66712770a31> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.worddisk.com/wiki/Harmonic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.941213 | 473 | 4.15625 | 4 |
March 29, 2014 weblog
Cleaner than electric? Mazda talks up gasoline engine fuel economy ambitions for SkyActiv 2
(Phys.org) —Auto-focused sites are buzzing over a recent report in Autocar, reporting Japanese automobile manufacturer Mazda's future gasoline engine technology, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions below the amount generated to power electric cars.
As Geek.com noted, while electric cars do not pump out CO2 as they travel, they have a carbon footprint created when the electric power they run on is produced. Though not due for some years to come, the very idea of a gasoline engine efficient enough to release less carbon dioxide than an electric car was tantalizing enough to make the numerous blog and car site headlines. Specifically, the spotlight is on advances in Mazda's SkyActiv engine technology. Mark Tisshaw, writing in Autocar, said "So efficient is its latest internal combustion engine technology, the Japanese firm claims that it could even eclipse pure electric cars for well-to-wheel CO2 emissions, without adding expensive and heavy hybrid or plug-in hybrid components."
At Mazda, the engine of the future is called the SkyActiv-G Generation 2, a follow-up to Mazda's SkyActiv-G Generation 1. For SkyActiv-G Generation 2, Mazda will adopt homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and an even higher compression ratio of 18:1 over SkyActiv-G Generation 1 high compression ratio of 14:1. Mazda said on its site that increasing the compression ratio considerably improves thermal efficiency. According to Autocar, it is likely SkyActiv-G Generation 2 technology could arrive in production before the decade is out..
For SkyActiv-G Generation 2, Mazda will adopt homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and the higher compression ratio of 18:1. Autocar said The HCCI system works in a way similar to a diesel engine, using piston compression rather than a spark plug to ignite the mixture in the chamber.
Automotive News explained how HCCI "compresses the fuel-air mixture to such a high pressure and temperature that it ignites by itself without requiring a spark, similar to the way a diesel engine operates."
That Mazda had ambitious plans for a generation of engines in years to come that could achieve 30 percent better fuel economy than the current line of Skyactiv engines was already evident back in January this year, when Mitsuo Hitomi, in charge of powertrain development, spoke at Mazda's Yokohama technical center. Discussing goals, Hitomi said Skyactiv 2 will focus on improved internal combustion "If we want to dramatically improve fuel economy from here, the only route is through lean burning," Hitomi referred also to plans for a Skyactiv 3 lineup in the future that may help Mazda comply with 2025 emissions targets.
© 2014 Phys.org | <urn:uuid:55f9d687-a0d7-486f-a49f-6acf879de859> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://techxplore.com/news/2014-03-cleaner-electric-mazda-gasoline-fuel.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.924421 | 587 | 2.96875 | 3 |
May 29th, 9:30 am.
It is a clear warm day. As I walk through the green pastures towards Outlet creek, I am struck by the vastness of this amazing flat valley we live in, the Little Lake Valley. The riparian corridor of Outlet is ahead of me. It stands out as a tree-filled line across the horizon. Today I have decided to sit on its banks and pay attention to whatever is in the creek bed.
I settle myself down on a log adjacent to the water and begin to listen to the flowing of water over rocks, always a sound that relaxes my whole being. At that moment a loud “kyow” catches my attention and I see a small heron land on the opposite shore from where I am sitting. because I am somewhat hidden from its view, it does not seem aware of my presence and begins to preen its feathers thoroughly. This is such a treat for me to get to watch this, what I can tell now is a Green Heron, Butorides virescent, because I have been trying to get a good photo of this bird. It is at a great distance to get some good shots and observations with my binoculars. After it is done preening carefully it begins to hunt in the water. Green herons are migratory and the northern populations have been found to migrate all the way to Panama and Northern South America in the winter. So this bird has come to breed and nest here. They love to eat small fish which they sometimes use”bait” fishing using a feather or small stick to entice the fish to come up to the surface. Stalking along the rocks is what I have often observed them doing and this one begins to do in front of me. The green is an iridescent olive green that is hard to see in this filtered light.
After almost 30 minutes of watching, another small long-billed bird lands in the water in front of me and begins bobbing its tail up and down while looking intently into the water. This is a Spotted Sandpiper, Actitis macularia. Most sandpipers nest only in the far north, but this cute spotted one is common in summer along our rivers, ponds, and marshes where it nests and forages. I am feeling quite contented with myself to be sitting in a spot that allows me an intimate look at two shy species of birds without bothering them. The sandpiper moves along the gravelly shore poking its bill into the water looking for insects, crustaceans, small fish, crayfish, mollusks, and even detritus. It seems very busy and focused doing this activity.
There is a loud raucous sound and a group of Redwing Blackbirds, Agelaius phoeniiceus, join in the activity at the edge of the creek. I watch them fly-catching a mass of insects that look like a batch of newly hatched Mayflies. It is fascinating to watch the Redwings twirling and lunging at these insects. One lands across from me with its mouth full of food. These male Red-winged Blackbirds are no doubt gathering food for young that are just about fledged and have voracious appetites.
Once again the time has gone by quickly. The creek has provided a bounty of food for these three different species in a little slice of the day but I know that there are many more creatures; mammals, reptiles, amphibians, insects, etc.. that also will come here during the day and night enjoying the abundance of food, water, and shade. | <urn:uuid:49e12c46-ea94-421d-aebd-4d7570b1e12d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mcrcd.org/willits/the-bounty-of-outlet-creek | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.968584 | 747 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Achieving some kind of polymorphism in C/AL has always been a problem. The fact that true polymorphism with pure C/AL is outright impossible has not stopped the more stubborn of us to at least give it a try. That’s how some cool patterns emerged.
The façade pattern has been evangelized by Gary Winter so eagerly that he couldn’t find time to formally describe it. The other pattern that comes close is the variant façade pattern. It was formally described at the patterns Wiki page, but – to the best of my knowledge – was first figured out by Arend-Jan Kauffmann.
These two patterns can go a long way. No, they are not coming anywhere near true polymorphism, but will achieve some cool loose binding when you need it.
In my practice, I took a step further, and I think it’s about time I share it. Let’s see if it works for you as well as it did for me.
In my last post, I babbled at length about what loose coupling is, how both the façade and the variant façade patterns are trying to achieve it. So before you continue, if you haven’t read that post, now is a good time to do it.
Okay, now that we are on the same page, let me reintroduce the problem I put in front of you last time: shortcomings of the argument table.
First, it can only handle simple types, and if you need to pass more context that can’t reasonably be represented by a single record without paying a hefty price somewhere down the road. And then, if you want to combine it with more arguments, you loose the versatility of the CODEUNIT.RUN construct.
So, I figured out – why not use TempBlob as the argument table? It has only one useful field, called Blob (duh!) and is only intended to be used as a temporary record instance. How does that help? Well, in a ton of ways.
To start with, a Blob can hold as much information as you need. Any piece of information that runtime can handle, no matter of its type, structure, or complexity, can be represented as an array of bytes, and that’s what a blob in fact is: a binary large object, just as it says on the tin.
The only problem is, how to get anything into a blob. The answer is – serialization. That’s a term that .NET developers are far more familiar than C/AL developers, but in case you haven’t heard it yet, it’s the process of storing (serializing) an instance of an object together with its state into a format that allows storing that state outside the memory, typically for the purpose of restoring (deserializing) the object with its state later, possibly even on a different machine.
While in .NET serialization is typically only an attribute away, in C/AL we need to handle it manually. But we can handle it. We can serialize records into XML by using XMLports. Or, we can write our own serialization routines in case XMLports cannot help.
In any case – the point is – you can serialize just about anything.
And once you serialize anything, you can put it into a Blob.
Enter the TempBlob pattern:
Now, this looks a lot like the façade pattern, and in fact it is. Except that it allows you to pass far more context into the dependencies that façade, with or without variant, allows you to. Remember, a function can only have 20 parameters in C/AL, and a TempBlob can hold up to 2GB of data structured any way you want.
An example of how to pass a dictionary from one codeunit to a façade (and ultimately to the dependency) is this:
This TempBlob Management codeunit is very simple, and its purpose is to handle serialization and deserialization of stuff into TempBlob by using JSON as the serialization format (it can be anything else, but JSON is good enough).
By the way, this object is included in my Directions 2016 brownbag I posted a short while ago.
Once you have the necessary infrastructure in place, stuffing stuff into TempBlob and passing it over to a façade is easy.
For me, this pattern has solved many issues. For example, it allowed me to extend the functionality of a custom-built client wrapper for the web client, that allows me to talk to local hardware running on the client machine. When there is a new piece of hardware to talk to, I simply use a new codeunit to handle the specifics, and I pass the TempBlob into this codeunit through a common façade.
You can use it in any scenario where you’d normally use an argument table, but you find argument table insufficient, and you need more arguments than a single table can represent. In that case, you can serialize multiple table states into a single blob, and then deserialize them into multiple record instances.
Let’s compare this pattern to the two that we already know.
First, this pattern is more versatile than the argument table. It successfully addresses major argument table shortcomings, while not introducing new ones. If you want, you can take a step further, and combine argument table and TempBlob together – simply ad a BLOB field to your argument table, and use it to pass context that cannot be represented by simple types, and you have a kick-ass pattern to handle complex situations.
If I compare this to the variant façade pattern though, there is no clear winner. While TempBlob allows you the flexibility of CODEUNIT.RUN while allowing you to pass more than one distinct argument to the receiver, it is more verbose than variant façade when calling, especially when the only thing you need to do is pass a record variable. So, I’d say these two patterns simply have different use cases. And while the distinction between the use cases of argument table and variant facades is somewhat blurred, the one between the TempTable and variant facades is far more articulated.
To conclude, even though I find this pattern better than a simple argument table façade, it shares one significant drawback with it: statelessness. When you use this pattern with CODEUNIT.RUN (where it is really far superior to the variant façade) you still don’t have the possibility of retaining the state between the calls, and that’s a major drawback.
As you can see, loose coupling is really not that easy in C/AL, but is far from impossible, so you should try to use it as much as you can. Most of things we do can be loosely coupled and especially in the cloud world, and the Dynamics 365 world, loose coupling should be something we strive for in every step we make.
Microsoft Dynamics NAV 2016 brought along another paradigm which allowed loose coupling to be far more natural: eventing.
However, eventing itself, while solving a big problem, is a beast far more difficult to tame than it seams at first. In my next blog post, I’ll discuss one of the more versatile loose coupling patterns that was made possible through eventing: the “Handled” pattern. However, I find this pattern a bit messy, and will make an alternative proposal to it. And I will also address some general caveats of eventing itself, that are important to be aware of if you don’t want to fall into one of a few traps that it unintentionally sets. | <urn:uuid:47c23ac9-42a3-42b9-bb42-fa86dbce82e4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vjeko.com/2016/10/03/tempblob-faade-a-pattern-proposition/?replytocom=2185 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.935127 | 1,603 | 1.59375 | 2 |
NIAMEY, Niger — The four U.S. soldiers killed last month in an ambush were helping track and fight Islamist militants along the Mali-Niger border in the hours before their death, according to the nation's defense minister and a wounded Nigerien soldier who survived the attack.
The accounts raise questions about the Pentagon's assertions that the American and Nigerien troops were on a low-risk reconnaissance mission and that chances of contact with militants were unlikely. They were, instead, operating in a dangerous and complex battle zone, where attacks happen frequently. U.S. troops are in Niger to train and advise, military officials have said, not to engage in combat missions.
Questions still unanswered: Was the team operating on faulty intelligence? Or was the mission changed at the last minute?
The details suggest revenge may have been a motive for the militants — who were part of a relatively new Islamic State affiliate, the Pentagon suspects — in their attack on 11 U.S. soldiers and 30 Nigerien troops.
In a 90-minute phone interview, the wounded Nigerien soldier described the surprise assault on Oct. 4 after they left the border village of Tongo Tongo. Five Nigerien soldiers also died.
The U.S. troops, who included elite Green Berets, wound up taking the lead in the intense firefight. Some Nigerien soldiers fled, even as the Americans ordered them to stay on and fight.
“The Americans had more sophisticated weapons and so we let them confront the enemy while we took cover,” said Sgt. Abdou Kané, 28, who was shot in the leg and who spoke from the town of Agadez in central Niger. “The Americans were telling us not to flee but to go back and fight the enemy. But the enemy was following us and shooting at us.”
The insurgents, he said, far outnumbered the U.S.-Nigerien team and had much greater firepower, including pickup trucks mounted with heavy machine guns.
The ambush, by masked and turban-wearing fighters, was so well-planned they had sent a large herd of cows toward the team, then attacked under cover of the dust raised by the cattle.
In the chaos, he added, several of the Americans were separated from the main group, as the team split up to avoid the militants. Air support to help the besieged team and evacuate the wounded took an hour or more to arrive.
A person at the military hospital in the capital, where Kané was treated for his injury, provided his number to The Washington Post.
The accounts suggest U.S. troops may have gone beyond the scope of their mission in Niger, and they raise a question as to whether they had the required authorization to capture or kill militants. The Pentagon has said it is investigating whether the soldiers' stated mission had changed.
At the very least, the accounts underscore the perils faced by U.S. Special Forces and other American troops even in their capacities as trainers and advisers.
Niger’s defense minister, Kalla Moutari, blamed a failure in intelligence, which resulted in a miscalculation of the risk of engaging with militants in the area around Tongo Tongo. But he also said the team had managed to kill some militants in a counterterrorism operation before they arrived in the village.
“It was a mission to collect information and to neutralize the enemy or the threat,” Moutari said in an interview. “The intelligence wasn’t as complete as we thought, but at the same time some terrorists were neutralized on the way back from the mission.
“It so happened that the enemy had time to take position and got the right opportunity to attack them.”
The American soldiers, Kané said, did not fight in the operation before arriving in Tongo Tongo but rather were advising the Nigerien forces.
Several Defense Department officials contacted for comment Sunday either did not respond or declined to do so.
“We are all waiting for the investigation to conclude,” said Navy Capt. Jason Salata, a spokesman for U.S. Special Operations Command.
In the days since the ambush, conflicting accounts have emerged. Some reports have suggested the U.S.-Nigerien team had been reassigned to back up another team in a separate counterterrorism operation. When asked if his team had changed missions, Kané declined to discuss the military’s operational procedures.
“The mission was to go to Mali to capture the terrorists and bring them back,” Kané said.
Special Forces soldiers make up about a third of the roughly 800 American service members in Niger. Several hundred troops work on a drone base in the capital, as well as preparing for a second drone base in Agadez. The Special Forces’ mission is to “advise and assist” Nigerien soldiers in counterterrorism operations.
Several radical Islamist groups linked to both the Islamic State and al-Qaeda operate along the vast and ungoverned Mali-Niger border. Since February 2016, there have been at least 46 attacks, mostly targeting local security forces, according to the United Nations. Since the Oct. 4 ambush, there have been several more assaults by militants, including one in which 13 Nigerien gendarmes were killed on Oct. 21.
The Niger government has deemed the terrain around Tongo Tongo so insecure that it imposed a state of emergency in several districts.
On Oct. 3, Kané’s team was along the border, crossing in and out of Mali. They were traveling in six pickup trucks — none with mounted machine guns, Kané said. The Americans were in armored ones, but the Nigeriens were not. The soldiers were carrying only light weapons.
There had been more than two dozen joint missions like this along the border in the past six months without incident, according to U.S. and Nigerien officials. Moutari said the team was properly armed because “the capability to move fast” was essential when chasing militants.
The Americans had night vision binoculars, and they helped the Nigeriens attack a small band of militants that night, Kané said, adding that he was trained by the Americans.
Some fighters, he said, were captured, but he declined to say what happened to them. Nor would he discuss which extremist group they had targeted. “If there was no way to capture them, we had to kill them,” Kané said.
After spending the night on the border, they headed back. On the way, they stopped in Tongo Tongo to pick up water. It was around 11 a.m. The villagers brought a pail to fetch water from a well.
As they waited, the village chief approached the Americans. He asked for their help in getting medicine to treat some sick children. The Nigerien soldiers, meanwhile, cooked breakfast, Kané recalled. About 40 minutes later, the chief gave them directions to their base, about two hours away.
They headed out of Tongo Tongo.
About 100 yards outside the village, in an isolated patch surrounded by bushes, they heard three gunshots, Kané said. The convoy stopped. The American vehicles went forward, he said. There were more gunshots, and they returned fire.
That’s when the militants sent the herd of cattle toward them, Kané said, generating large clouds of dust. “The enemy could see us, but we couldn’t see the enemy,” he said. The fighters, numbering more than 50, were using heavy machine guns, rocket-propelled grenades and Kalashnikov rifles.
Some were dressed in black. Others were yelling “Allahu akbar” — God is great.
“They had more sophisticated weapons than us,” Kané said.
As the militants intensified their attacks, the soldiers retreated and scattered in different directions. Some were forced to abandon their trucks. “We all decided to go our own way to disrupt the enemy,” Kané said.
The Americans, along with a few Nigerien soldiers, he said, continued to engage the militants. Kané was hurt when a bullet went through his thigh. At some point — he doesn’t know when — he saw an American soldier calling for support on his radio.
When French Mirage jets and rescue helicopters arrived, the militants fled. The helicopters didn’t land until Nigerien ground reinforcements secured the area. Then, Kané, along with two wounded Americans and another wounded Nigerien soldier, were flown to the capital for medical care.
There were no remains of U.S. soldiers in the helicopter. A few hours later, the bodies of three — Staff Sgts. Bryan Black, Jeremiah Johnson and Dustin Wright — were retrieved. Two days later, Nigerien forces found the remains of Sgt. La David Johnson, a mile away from the ambush site.
“We tried our best, but the enemy had everything they needed to beat us,” Kané said.
Dan Lamothe in Washington contributed to this report. | <urn:uuid:462681cf-08db-4f52-8f37-3c91f875a997> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/hours-before-death-in-niger-us-soldiers-were-targeting-militants-in-mali/2017/11/05/57861ad2-c243-11e7-9922-4151f5ca6168_story.html?utm_term=.5a28c3d36b1a | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.979928 | 1,882 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Understand Massage Therapy Prior To You Regret.
Massage has numerous advantages, and also it’s not nearly relaxing. It has a positive impact on your whole body, including your heart, bones, muscle mass, and also skin. It can additionally help with a series of health issue, including anxiety, persistent ailment, sleeplessness, as well as high blood pressure. It can likewise assist with sleep disorders and also cancer-related exhaustion. Read on to get more information concerning the benefits of massage therapy. As well as, remember, massage therapy isn’t just for the rich and famous.
First, the massage therapy ought to fit. Relying on the sort of massage, you might not want to totally undress. If you are bothered with your look, see to it to ask the specialist if there are any kind of preventative measures to take. Generally, an individual will wear loose-fitting clothes to be able to relocate pleasantly during a massage. Nevertheless, some types of massage therapy need much less clothing, while others require modesty protection. So, make sure to ask your therapist what sort of clothes is appropriate for your certain type of massage.
When obtaining a massage, it is essential to keep in mind that you’re getting a massage therapy, and you’ll intend to dress for it. You don’t have to get entirely undressed, yet you’ll want to use something that’s comfortable for you. As well as, you’ll have lots of time to unwind afterward! As with any other therapy, it’s ideal to intend your appointment ahead of time, so that you’re not also hurried.
One of the many benefits of massage is that it boosts flow. By applying hands-on pressure to certain parts of the body, massage therapy advertises the movement of blood via clogged as well as harmed tissue. The massage therapy activity helps eliminate lactic acid from muscle cells, which can add to a damaged immune system. Additionally, it increases lymph fluid blood circulation, which is important for lugging metabolic waste items far from inner organs and also muscular tissues. This leads to boosted total health and reduced blood pressure.
While getting a massage might appear like an indulgent as well as pampering experience, it needs to be a worry-free as well as relaxing experience. Relying on the kind of massage, a session can last from half a hr to a full day, depending upon the area. It needs to suffice time to prepare, unwind, as well as unwind. During the massage therapy, ensure to ask concerns regarding the items as well as safety measures. If you have any questions, do not think twice to ask!
Massage therapy promotes enhanced blood flow. Via making use of hands-on stress, massage therapy actions blood through congested as well as damaged cells, and afterwards launches stress to enable new members to stream into the affected area. The action of massage also aids improve lymph fluid flow, which carries metabolic waste items from the muscles and also interior body organs. This leads to lower blood pressure and also much better overall wellness. When you’re really feeling kicked back and also tranquil, it is necessary to intend the time for a massage therapy.
A massage is a terrific method to get your body working as well as feeling its ideal. It can aid you feel far better as well as be extra active. It can also aid you cope with anxiety. As well as it can enhance your mental state. It can additionally make you more effective. There are several advantages of a massage therapy, as well as they are just some of one of the most crucial. So, make certain to arrange a massage therapy session appropriately. Nevertheless, massage therapy is an outstanding method to de-stress.
Among the benefits of massage therapy are numerous types of benefits. It can assist you really feel much better by promoting enhanced blood circulation. The stress from the hands-on activity moves the blood through clogged locations and also triggers new members to move right into the tissues. The activity of the massage additionally aids the body eliminate metabolic waste products from the muscular tissues. As a result, it’s a helpful means to boost general health. This is why you require to give yourself enough time for a massage therapy.
An additional advantage of a massage is enhanced flow. Because massage is based upon physical manipulation of soft cells, it enhances flow. This, in turn, promotes far better blood flow. It additionally decreases blood pressure. If you’re bothered with getting a massage, it is best to consult your physician prior to picking a massage therapy therapist. In the long run, a massage therapy is useful for your health and wellness. And also there are numerous other advantages! For starters, it can lower anxiety.
Among one of the most usual worries when picking a massage therapist is just how much garments they will certainly require. You might be fretted about the amount of clothes that will be gotten rid of throughout the massage therapy or whether they will have the ability to see you. If you’re worried, ask the specialist to discuss the proper level of clothes for your massage therapy type. The best approach is to use loosened, comfortable garments that won’t hinder of your massage therapy. Depending on the type of massage, you could need to put on less or conceal to avoid revealing parts of your body.
Massages enhance flow throughout the body. By using hands-on pressure, massage therapy actions blood with congested or damaged areas. The stress is then released, enabling new members to flow to the affected area. The procedure additionally relieves pain as well as lactic acid from muscular tissues, and it additionally boosts lymph fluid flow. Lymph liquid is a system in the body that moves metabolic waste items away from the muscle mass and also interior organs. As a result, massage improves blood pressure as well as total function.
Along with boosting blood flow, massage also boosts oxytocin, a hormone responsible for boosting the immune system. These hormonal agents play an essential function in our lives. Long term direct exposure to cortisol can cause stress, clinical depression, weight gain, as well as other issues. Oxytocin, the “love” hormone, assists the body get rid of toxic waste as well as improves body functions. While you’re obtaining a massage therapy, make certain to offer on your own sufficient time to relax. It’s important to take a break from work or play, as well as to get a lie-down afterwards. 출장안마
Besides enhancing blood circulation, massage therapies improve the feature of your whole body. The hands-on pressure of massage therapy encourages new members to move right into muscular tissue cells and eliminate harmed or clogged blood. They also boost lymph liquid circulation, which carries metabolic waste items far from your muscle mass as well as internal body organs. Therefore, massages aid your body run far better. So, you can appreciate your massage therapy without any concerns. Just keep in mind to give on your own a lot of time to kick back. | <urn:uuid:2defd082-c5d7-458b-8ce1-ce17a009d4cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.trustprofitableniche.com/2022/01/03/understand-massage-therapy-prior-to-you-regret/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.952986 | 1,456 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Health and wellness is an individual’s total state of physical, mental, and social wellness. Advertising wellness is one method to achieve this. One can motivate healthy and balanced actions and tasks while restricting harmful ones, and staying clear of undesirable scenarios. While some elements are largely individual selections, others have structural causes, such as setting and also social factors. To aid advertise health, right here are some methods to do so:
The World Health And Wellness Organization has a constitution which acknowledges health as a basic human right. The constitution specifies that all individuals deserve to appreciate the highest possible possible requirement of health and wellness, without distinction of race, political idea, or economic condition. Lots of country states have endorsed this charter, making it legitimately binding for their residents to make certain prompt access to high quality health and the provision of the components of wellness. Nevertheless, promoting health and wellness needs an integrated effort from all stakeholders. Kelowna chiropractic near me
Today, there are 3 sorts of health meanings. One is the lack of disease. One more sort of health and wellness is the capacity to handle everyday demands. A 3rd type of wellness meaning describes a state of equilibrium, which is a state of balance between a person’s physical as well as social atmospheres. Those who function generally in one team are normally healthy. For individuals that are prone to condition, there are certain behaviors that are associated with inadequate health and wellness. Nonetheless, not all people will drop under either classification.
Physical as well as psychological wellness are intricately associated. Chronic ailment can disrupt the ability to accomplish daily tasks, bring about depression, and also cause stress and anxiety, as well as can influence body weight as well as overall feature. Therefore, people should aim to be healthy and balanced overall. Overall, there is equilibrium in achieving wellness. The meaning of health depends on several factors, which might consist of the following:
There is a health and wellness triangular that is a crucial sign of total wellness. Each facet needs to remain in equilibrium with the various other, as imbalanced sides can lead to illness and other problems. By analyzing these 3 elements, a person can enhance their overall health. It is important to recognize the interrelationship between these three aspects. When an individual understands how these elements influence each other, they can establish a better way of living. And a healthy lifestyle requires a well balanced health triangular.
Accessibility to healthcare details is the basis of a contemporary wellness system. The degree of accessibility to information affects a person’s option of health care and also the motivations of doctor. The United States health care system has actually been slammed hereof as well as brand-new regulations may advertise greater visibility. A regarded stress exists in between the demand for openness and the requirement for individual discretion, and the dangers of exploitation of info for commercial gain. Nonetheless, there is no perfect healthcare system. chiropractic best
In addition to the relevance of physical conditioning, individual health is likewise vitally important. The development of the health and wellness scientific researches has assisted in the growth of organized interventions for enhancing wellness. Public health specialists take a more comprehensive sight of area health and wellness. Significantly, institutions and work environments are adopting wellness programs to keep staff members healthy. There are many other kinds of health care, such as job-related treatment, therapy, and research. Regardless of the source, achieving and also maintaining a healthy and balanced life requires an energetic way of life.
In the 1980s, the WHO took the lead in the health and wellness promotion motion, promoting a dynamic perception of health and wellness and the principle of resiliency. In 1984, they changed their definition of health to consist of the capability to fulfill one’s needs, fulfill one’s ambitions, and also alter the environment. This meaning stays the key framework for health and wellness promotion programs to now. But it is not an excellent meaning. Actually, it can be deceptive, as an absence of health and wellness can additionally lead to hardship, a decline in productivity, as well as even fatality.
In addition to the importance of physical wellness, there are solid connections between psychological wellness as well as physical health. Mental illness can impact daily activities as well as add to depression as well as anxiety. Both physical as well as mental health and wellness can influence body weight and also overall function. Therefore, it is necessary to come close to wellness holistically and also strive for a state of balance. The excellent wellness condition ought to be an outcome of a mix of the physical, psychological, as well as social variables that affect our lives.
According to the World Health Organization, wellness describes physical as well as mental well-being. It consists of the absence of condition, the ability to work in daily tasks, as well as social consistency. To improve wellness, we can promote physical as well as mental wellness by raising participation in tasks that declare for wellness and avoiding activities that are hazardous to it. Some facets of wellness are hereditary, while others are architectural. For instance, people with diabetic issues use medicine to control their blood glucose degrees, while individuals with back pain go through physical treatment to handle their neck and back pain. These examples of an inadequate definition of health are mainly inappropriate for promoting health and wellness.
In order to understand the true significance of a wellness triangular, you have to initially determine the staminas and weaknesses in each of the 3 elements. Then, you should identify exactly how to enhance your weakest areas. The next section will talk about ways to make your wellness triangle well balanced. You’ll be surprised to find out that you can make a health triangle out of your individual health and wellness record! So, what are the most important components to a health triangle? If you can attain an equilibrium in these areas, you’re more likely to really feel much better general.
Improving populace wellness starts with changing the way people think and also act. Altering the method people see wellness is not an easy task, and it requires the cooperation of all stakeholders. Individuals’s worths are developed by their environment, their pals, household, and education and learning. They form their way of livings and are affected by the laws, media, as well as social conditions that influence their lives. For example, a high level of alcohol usage as well as smoking boost the risk of heart problem and diabetes. Kelowna chiropractic near me
The Globe Health And Wellness Company (WHO) constitution, which entered into impact in 1948, acknowledges health as a fundamental human right. The constitution mentions that everybody can enjoy the highest achievable health criterion, regardless of race, political belief, or economic condition. The constitution of a number of nation states incorporates this right into their constitutions, making them legitimately in charge of guaranteeing accessibility to quality health care. Healthy and balanced People 2020 is a vital step in the direction of accomplishing this. | <urn:uuid:aa653316-cf35-4385-b79c-bcfd9d707cb7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://binapardazesh.com/wellness-has-the-response-to-every-little-thing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.966915 | 1,402 | 2.84375 | 3 |
CORONAVIRUS GLOBAL UPDATE
Global vaccinations top two billion; South Africa registers 5,361 new cases
South Africa registered 5,361 new Covid-19 cases, bringing the cumulative total to 1,680,373. A further 54 Covid-19-related deaths were reported, taking total deaths to 56,765.
New York is seeking to boost young people’s vaccination rates, with some venues set to offer “a shot for a shot” in a city campaign to target nightlife spots. Covid-19 hospitalisations in New York State declined to less than 1,000 for the first time since October.
Global vaccinations reached 2 billion slightly more than six months into the campaign, though much remains to be done in places such as India and Africa. The White House unveiled a list of regions that will receive the first shipments of unused vaccines from the US.
US infectious disease expert Anthony Fauci said it is possible that the world won’t determine the precise origin of the virus. President Joe Biden last month ordered a new 90-day intelligence review of how the pandemic began.
- Global Tracker: Cases top 171.7 million; deaths pass 3.69 million
- Vaccine Tracker: More than 1.98 billion doses given
- World’s best hope to end the pandemic needs more doses
- Yemen crisis goes from bad to worse as Covid rages
- “Covid zero” risks being “Covid limbo” amid slow vaccine uptake
- Is Covid still a threat in a vaccinated world?
New York State hospitalisations fall to less than 1,000
The number of people hospitalised for Covid-19 in New York State fell to less than 1,000 for the first time since 21 October.
While almost 58% of adult New Yorkers have completed their vaccinations, hospitalisations declined to 970 on Wednesday, Governor Andrew Cuomo said on Twitter. That compares with a second-wave peak of 9,273 in January.
The positive-test rate declined to 0.44%, staying at a record low.
Delta variant dominant in US
The Delta variant of coronavirus that was first identified in India is now the dominant variant in the US, according to Public Health England.
Early evidence suggests there “may be an increased risk of hospitalisation” for Delta, although “more data is needed for us to have more confidence in that finding,” PHE said in an emailed statement.
US cases of the Delta variant more than doubled in the past week to 12,431.
US drops Portugal from ‘green list’
The US removed Portugal from its so-called green list of countries that Britons can visit without having to quarantine after returning home. The setback for summer tourism sent airline shares lower.
“It feels like the summer for US airlines is fast ebbing away,” said Rob Morris, who heads consultancy at aviation tracker Ascend by Cirium.
Separately, the European Union decided to maintain restrictions on non-essential travel from the US and the UK, meaning visitors from those countries may still need to abide by quarantine requirements. Fully vaccinated visitors to the EU won’t have to quarantine as of 1 July.
Global shots reach two billion
Inoculations against Covid-19 reached two billion on Thursday. It took just over six months to reach the milestone, an extraordinary accomplishment precipitated by countries’ desperation to save lives and reopen their economies.
Still, it’ll take nine more months to vaccinate 75% of the global population, a threshold that could provide so-called herd immunity.
The virus has struck almost 172 million people and killed close to 3.7 million since the first cases emerged about 18 months ago.
NYC offers ‘shot for a shot’
New York City is expanding its vaccination effort to the city’s party-goers, using a vaccine bus to meet younger New Yorkers outside restaurants, clubs and other nightlife hotspots in popular neighbourhoods such as the East Village and Bushwick. The city also is starting mobile vaccination sites at schools on Friday.
Some venues will offer a “shot for a shot”, Mayor Bill de Blasio said. More than eight million shots have been delivered in the city, but the vaccine rate has dropped to about 26,000 a day from a high of more than 100,000 in April.
Only 37% of New Yorkers aged 18 to 24 are fully vaccinated, compared with 71% of people aged 65 to 74. Positive test results reached a record low of 0.81% as of 1 June, on a seven-day average.
Fauci says virus origin may never be known
US infectious disease expert Anthony Fauci said it was possible the world would never find out the precise origin of the coronavirus pandemic, after President Joe Biden last month ordered a new 90-day review from the intelligence community about the possible origins of the virus.
Fauci said during an appearance on MSNBC that while he feels it is still “more likely” that the virus jumped from animals to humans, “we still don’t know what the origin is”.
Fauci said that reports that three researchers from the Wuhan Institute of Virology became sick in November 2019 gave more credence to the possibility that Covid-19 may have emerged from a “lab leak”, but said those reports still needed to be verified, while maintaining that animal to human transition happens “all the time”.
“You need to keep looking for the link and you need to keep looking for evidence that it’s something else like a lab leak,” Fauci said. “Those are open possibilities. We may not ever find out what that is.”
China can’t open up like the US
China can’t begin to ease restrictions like the US even after inoculating a high level of its population because it has no way of analysing how well its vaccines have worked in its largely Covid-free population, according to a top health official.
Despite vaccinating more than 40% of its citizens with at least one dose, Feng Zijian, the deputy director-general of China’s Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said China “has some unique difficulties” and is unable to match the US’s ability to examine vaccine effectiveness in real time as cases and deaths ebb.
Hungary in talks on Sputnik production
Hungary has started talks with Russia about the production of the Sputnik V coronavirus vaccine, according to Foreign Minister Peter Szijjarto.
Hungary is looking to manufacture the Russian shot at a new factory from the end of 2022, Szijjarto said in a Facebook video from the St Petersburg International Economic Forum. Szijjarto held talks last week in China about producing the Sinopharm vaccine as well.
Swedish legislators fault Cabinet for handling of Covid-19
A parliamentary committee rebuked the Swedish government for mistakes in handling the Covid-19 pandemic in a fresh blow to the minority Cabinet whose initial hands-off approach earned domestic and international criticism.
The government acted too slowly to ramp up testing and didn’t do enough to protect the elderly and to safeguard access to protective equipment during the crisis, which has claimed the lives of more than 14,000 people in the country of 10 million, Parliament’s constitutional watchdog said on Thursday.
Walvax sees shot as effective as Western mRNAs
Chinese firm Walvax Biotechnology will be doing mass-scale Phase 3 clinical trials for its mRNA vaccine candidate in more than seven countries, Chief Executive Officer Li Yunchun told Bloomberg. The advanced human trials will be in countries across South America, Southeast Asia, South Asia and Central Asia, Li said without giving specifics.
EU response to pandemic short of IP waiver
The European Union will encourage World Trade Organization members to phase out export restrictions for vaccines, but will stop short of supporting an American-backed proposal to suspend intellectual property rights meant to boost the supply of Covid shots.
The EU will propose to the WTO at a June 8-9 meeting that all 164 members decrease restrictive measures related to health products, expand the production of vaccine facilities and support an easing of regulatory hurdles, according to a draft proposal seen by Bloomberg.
Japan plans to send vaccine to help Taiwan
Japan plans to send some of its Covid-19 vaccine to Taiwan later this month, which has been struggling to procure its own supplies and blamed China for impeding shipments of the shots.
Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi told parliament on Thursday that Taiwan had an urgent need for supplies of the vaccine until July, when its domestic production would be ramped up. The shortage amid rising case numbers in Taiwan has raised fears of a health crisis that could hurt its semiconductor production, which is crucial for global industry.
Singapore’s local virus cases hit three-week high
Singapore says it has preliminarily confirmed 35 new local cases of Covid-19 infection, the highest since mid-May. Twenty-two cases were disclosed by the government late yesterday as connected to a cluster at the [email protected] adult disability home. Of the remaining 13 local infections, 11 were linked to prior cases and two were not linked.
Cathay Pacific offers party flight
In another Hong Kong push to improve the city’s vaccination rate, Cathay Pacific Airways is conducting a lucky draw in which the winner can host a private party on an Airbus A321neo flight around Hong Kong. The winner and companions must be fully vaccinated, said the airline, which is also giving away 20 million reward miles to vaccinated residents.
Cathay is providing two days’ leave to Hong Kong-based ground staff who are fully vaccinated. More than 80% of Cathay pilots and about 50% of cabin crew have booked or received vaccinations, the carrier said Thursday. DM
— With assistance by Tony Czuczka, Angus Whitley, Will Davies, Natalie Lung, Stephanie Phang, Kathleen Hunter, Justin Sink, Zoltan Simon, and Danielle Bochove.
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Many modern critics claim that Shakespeare was a pioneering women’s rightist. Shapiro claimed that Shakespeare was “ the noblest women’s rightist of them all ” ( Shapiro,1994, p111 ) . Whilst this claim is supported by assorted Shakespearean plant, this essay will see that whilst his plants can be interpreted as exposing feminist attitudes, whether these females are punished for exposing this transgressive behavior.
Over the centuries assorted imperiums and societies, such as classical Rome and ancient Egypt, were been built upon the foundation of a patriarchal society. These societies were sustained through the subjugation of adult females, as they were continually treated as 2nd category citizens, which pushed adult females towards Acts of the Apostless of rebellion when they felt peculiarly mistreated. These scenes hence made an first-class background for Shakespeare to project the attitudes of a male-dominated 17th century society.
This technique occurs throughout Shakespeare ‘s dramas, but is peculiarly apparent in Titus Andronicus, where Tamora is motivated to move against a patriarchal society by the limitations that she is forced to adhere to. Her actions are so punished by farther repression, picturing the infectiveness of her actions against the dominant patriarchal order. Antony and Cleopatra besides illustrates this conflict of muliebrity against a patriarchal society, utilizing Romans one time once more to stand for the tyrannizing male force. Shakspere allows both Antony and Cleopatra to interrupt free from their stereotyped functions by inverting their genders, to make two characters that possess traits from both sexes ; so they refuse to suit into their traditional functions. Last I will look at Gertrude in the Hamlet, where Shakespeare depicts the effects of one adult female ‘s transgressive actions on the patriarchal order.
To appreciate why the actions of adult females in these dramas are so insurgent, and to grok the reactions of the male characters in the dramas, it is critical to understand the place of adult females in Shakespeare ‘s society. Despite that both of Shakespeare ‘s dramas were non set in the 17th century, his word picture of adult females would hold been influenced by the society in which he lived. The general position was that there was a hierarchy of genders, with males at the top, in Milton ‘s words “ Not equal, as their sex non equal seemed ” ( Milton, 2008, p41 ) . Society established adult female as “ weaker, inferior and in demand of masculine counsel ” and this was voiced “ as steadfastly by adult females, as by work forces ” ( Keeble,1994,106 ) . This essay will portray how the female characters transgressed from their stereotyped functions, and see how and more intriguingly, why, these characters were punished for their sensed evildoing.
Shakespeare ‘s Antony and Cleopatra is believed to hold been written in 1606 after a distinguished sequence of calamities including Othello, King Lear and Macbeth ( Farrell, 2004, p23 ) . Shakespeare uses the drama to see the effects of a patriarchal society, and skillfully inverts gender functions so that it is the male, Antony, that is the victim. The patriarchal society of Rome expects Antony to merely expose his maleness, and non to yield to feminine qualities such as passion, feelings and love. When he develops a powerful love for Cleopatra, Antony is no longer able to stay by the suppression society, where the function of lover is considered inferior to a adult male ‘s political duties.
The gap lines of the drama demonstrates the lifting disapproval of Antony ‘s unconventional, or feminine, behavior which is non confined within the step of patriarchate, “ Nay but this second childhood of our General ‘s / O’erflows the step ” ( Shakespeare, 2001,1.1.56 ) . The males view Antony ‘s dedication to Cleopatra as disgraceful, “ ‘His captain ‘s bosom… become the bellows and the fan / To chill a itinerant ‘s lecherousness ” ( Shakespeare, 2001, 1.1.22 ) . Antony besides on occasion Judgess himself by these criterions of patriarchate, such as at the terminal of the drama where he is suffering and shamed by his decreased political power. He so becomes covetous and irrational and claims that Cleopatra has emasculated him, “ O thy vile lady, / She has robbed me of my blade ” ( Shakespeare, 2001, 4.14.2 ) .
Finally Antony chooses love over political power, as Antony is non debased by his loss of power, but instead, through his love of Cleopatra develops a stronger sense of manhood, ran “ alternate maleness ” ( Woodbridge,1994, p34 ) . However the reaction of the males within the Roman society shows that this feminine evildoing is non suited for a male in a patriarchal society.
Whilst Antony show ‘s feminine features, Cleopatra transgresses her female function by exhibiting masculine virtuousnesss to compensate Antony and supply a relationship of surprising equality. Cleopatra, and the relationship, does non stay by the limitations of a 17th century, patriarchal society. Their relationship blurs the functions of male and female by inverting gender functions, Cleopatra embraces masculine characteristics, as Woodbridge provinces, “ Antony and Cleopatra can traverse gender boundaries without losing their sex functions as adult male or adult female ” ( Woodbridge,1994, p45 ) .
This gender inversion is physically depicted in the scene where Cleopatra, “ wore his blade Philipan ” ( Shakespeare, 2001, 2.5.30 ) , this displays how Shakespeare clearly identifies masculine qualities within a female. Unlike many of Shakespeare ‘s female characters, Cleopatra dominates the drama in footings of single presence and subject. Besides Shakespeare provided the audience with a existent adult female, as opposed to a stereotype, Velma Richmond claims further that in Cleopatra we can happen Shakespeare ‘s “ finest embrace of the feminine ” ( Richmond, 1991, p139 ) . Cleopatra is a mixture of political art and sexual power ; nevertheless this gender is condemned by the males in the drama as she is referred to as a “ prostitute ” ( Shakespeare, 2001, 184.108.40.206 ) and a “ adulteress ” ( Shakespeare, 2001, 220.127.116.11 ) throughout the drama. However this sexual power is presented positively on juncture, such as Enorbarbus ‘s description of her:
“Age cannot wrinkle her, A
Neither custom tires her with an endless assortment. Other adult female cloyA
Appetites they feed, but she makes you hungry
Where is it most satisfying? For the most heinous things
Become yourself in it, that the priests of the sanctuary
Thankfully she’s rough. ” (Shakespeare, 2001, 2.2.43).
Cleopatra declines to obey to the stereotype of a adult female created by a patriarchal society, and uses her natural gender to derive power instead than let it to be damaging to her character. She besides is purpose on carry throughing a political function, despite the expostulations of the patriarchal work forces. This is clearly depicted when Enoebarbus attempts to halt her from transporting out her political function, and Cleopatra responds in a ferocious philippic:
“ A charge we bear i’th’war,
And as the president of my land will
Look there for a adult male. Speak non against it.
I will non remain behind ” ( Shakespeare, 3.4.44 )
Cleopatra therefore forces her entree into the male sphere against the wants of the patriarchal society. Obedience and silence were really much portion of the patriarchal construct of muliebrity, a construct of which Cleopatra refuses to adhere to. She contrasts the traditional soundless adult female ; Cleopatra ensures that her voice is heard. She mocks Antony and wrangles with him. Challenging him with a masculine aggression when they argue “ ‘I would I had thine inches. Thou shouldst know/ There were a bosom in Egypt ” ( Shakespeare, 2001, 1.3.10 ) . Spirited and passionate, such shows of averment as her physical onslaught on the courier informing her of Antony ‘s matrimony to Octavia are a far call from the inactive soundless function of the feminine in patriarchal society. In passionate incredulity and choler, she draws a knife on the courier and work stoppages him with her au naturel custodies. Charmian attempts to pacify her by stating her “ Good dame maintain yourself within yourself ” ( Shakespeare, 2001, 2.5.55 ) , but Cleopatra escapes the bounds of self-composure and the repression of self-hood.
Shakespeare uses Cleopatra ‘s decease to portray her concluding act of noncompliance against the patriarchal society, as she emphasizes her single individuality. Her decease develops into a triumph over Caesar, who symbolises patriarchal Rome, as when the guard is confronted with the sight of her decease he exclaims “ Caesar ‘s beguiled ” ( Shakespeare, 2001, 5.2.33 ) . Cleopatra ‘s decease allows her to lift above the repression of society ; she embraces her decease as positive instead than with unhappiness:
“My devastation does get down to do a better life
And it is great
To make that thing that ends all other workss
Which shackles accidents and bolts up alteration ” ( Shakespeare, 2001, 5.2.76 )
Even in decease Cleopatra merges both feminine and masculine characteristics, as she declares to take on male qualities of reason and strength, “ I have nil of adult female in me. Now from caput to foot/ I am marble changeless ” ( Shakespeare, 2001, 5.1.22 ) . She chooses to reject the traditional feminine qualities of “ H2O and the changeableness of the Moon ” ( Ott,2001, p21 ) and changes herself into “ air and fire ” ( Shakespeare,2001, 5.1.43 ) . Therefore she embraces maleness and Rome by deceasing in the “ True Roman manner ” ( Ott,2001, p20 ) . However Shakespeare is besides able to exemplify her portraiture of the power of muliebrity, by accommodating the image of decease into a portrayal of sensualness and maternity.
The hurting that she suffers is described as “ a lover ‘s pinch ” ( Shakespeare, 2001, 5.1.10 ) and the asp is depicted as a “ babe at my breast/That sucks the nurse asleep ” ( Shakespeare, 2001, 5.1.9 ) . Her decease is so affecting that even Caesar, the symbol of patriarchate, acknowledges her heroism and the incontrovertible self-respect of the adult female who “ Took her ain manner ” ( Shakespeare, 2001, 5.1.68 ) .
This representation of muliebrity shows how Cleopatra transcends the stereotype of adult females in Shakespeare ‘s clip. Despite that she meets her decease at the terminal of the drama ; Shakespeare ensures that her mixture of masculine and muliebrity is finally respected by Caesar. She escapes penalty for exposing masculine traits, and therefore offending her function of female, by holding the power to take her ain life. The regard shown by Caesar is possibly Shakespeare ‘s ain position, that this adult female, who refuses to stay by the function that a patriarchal society has given her, should be admired. The description throughout the drama of Cleopatra shows her in a strong and positive visible radiation
In Titus Andronicus, the character Tamora does non stay by the function of a proper adult female in a 17th century society. Tamora feels as though she has been abused and repressed by the Acts of the Apostless of a patriarchal society. Her actions in the drama are an effort to derive some sort of equality, nevertheless finally she meets her decease as a effect, possibly turn outing the futility of such opposition in a male dominated landscape.
The decease of Tamora ‘s boy Arlarbus, “ we have performed/Our Roman rites: Alarbus ‘ limbs are lopped/And visceras feed the giving fire ‘ ( Shakespeare, 2001, 1.1.145 ) serves as the footing of the secret plan, as Tamora plots her retaliation on Titus for this act of atrocity. However Tamora must set up herself within the patriarchal society to derive the necessary power to demand her retaliation. This motion corresponds to the masculinization of her character ; as Lavinia says to her “ O Tamora, 1000 bearest a adult female ‘s face ” , before being interrupted ( Shakespeare, 2001. 2.2.135 ) . This break of normative gender traits in portion relates to the menace Tamora poses as a sexually experient adult female, compared to the submissive Lavinia.
This factor, combined with her visibly feminine place as a female parent, leads Titus to organize his unique, cannibalistic scheme for retaliation. The abuse that Lavinia throws at Tamora is based upon the “ given of a binary system ” ( Ott, 2001, p77 ) . Lavinia is the obvious stereotyped female ; this is apparent from the beginning of the drama where she is the victim of a patriarchal battle and “ the bargaining bit ” ( Ott, 2001, p77 ) in a marital difference. Tamora contrasts Lavinia, in that she possesses the gender and organic structure of a adult female, but as retaliation consumes her she abandons the limitations placed upon her and transgresses her feminine function. Tamora and Lavinia serve as polar opposite representations of adult females, the active Tamora and the inactive Lavinia.
Shakespeare efficaciously gives a platform to inquiry gender individuality within the drama:
When agreed-upon individualities or agreed-upon dialogic constructions, through which already established individualities are communicated, no longer represent the subject or topic of political relations, so individualities can come into being and fade out depending on the concrete patterns that constitute them ( Butler,2004, p28 )
This is relatable to Tamora as her character is a stereotyped adult female that has been unhinged by her vindictive actions. The obedient individualities, which “ come into being and fade out ” ( Butler, 2004, p28 ) , rely upon the guess of other characters ; most strongly in the character of Tamora, as the volatile nature of her character is shown to be based upon her ocular female characteristics, and the performative outlooks set upon her as a adult female.
Harmonizing to Butler ‘s theory the go oning force and retribution via media the “ concrete patterns ” that create individuality. The ceaseless conformity to the female function shown by Lavinia, after her colza and maiming, seal her destiny as she is killed by Titus at the terminal of the drama. Whilst Tamora ‘s pick to decline the female function ensures that she meets a likewise grisly fate. Shakspere uses both female characters as organic structures on which he can project the power of a patriarchal society upon, as Tamora ‘s rejection of it is contrasted to Lavinia ‘s credence of it.
Tamora ‘s clearest rejection of the patriarchal society is her sexual freedom, as Renaissance society “ viewed adult females as possessed of a powerful, potentially riotous gender ” ( Henderson, 1985, p66 ) . An illustration of this riotous power is when she gives birth to a kid fathered by Aaron, the kid is described as “ every bit nauseating as a toad/Amongst the fair-faced breeders of our climate, ” ( Shakespeare, 2001, 4.2.59 ) . This suggests that the kid has a assorted ethnicity ; her transgressive actions are damned by the patriarchal society:
Demetrius: By this our female parent is for of all time shamed.
Chiron: Rome will contemn her for this disgusting flight.
Nurse: The emperor in his fury will destine her decease.
( Shakespeare, 2001, 4.2.111 )
Society may hold had a different reaction if Saturninus had been blameworthy of holding a secret kid, nevertheless as Tamora has shown her sexual freedom through her actions, she will be condemned. Her promiscuousness marks her as a menace to the male controlled society as it signifies that she will non let a adult male, or society to command her. Her control over work forces is demonstrated repeatedly as she manipulates Saturninus, Aaron and her boies. Her matter with Aaron is a direct onslaught against the subjugation the Romans would try to coerce on her. Tamora ‘s reaction to her newborn boy is a absorbing illustration of female independency ; she realizes the danger that giving birth to a assorted race, asshole kid will put her in and she refuses to be caught in this trap. Tamora alternatively opts to salvage herself, by giving her kid, “ The empress sends it thee, thy cast, thy seal/ And commands thee baptize it with thy sticker ‘s point ” ( Shakespeare, 2001,4.2.61 ) ; while this action seems barbarous and heartless it is still a autonomous move. Women were expected to be married womans and female parents, and a adult female ‘s kid should be her most precious ownership
In Titus Andronicus Shakespeare uses both of the chief female ‘s organic structures as physical metaphors for the laterality of males in society. Lavinia ‘s organic structure is used as an inscriptive site ; Titus asks Saturninus “ Was it good done of roseola Virginius/To slay his ain girl with his ain right hand/Because she was enforced, stained and deflowered? ” ( Shakespeare, 2001, 5.3.25 ) before transporting out the responsibility of Roman patriarchate. The Torahs of work forces are written upon Lavinia, with her stumps, disfigured oral cavity and stab lesions. Tamora ‘s organic structure efficaciously transforms into a vas, as when she dies her tummy is filled with her boy ‘s remains, the penalty that Titus finds compulsory for offending against the patriarchal jurisprudence. Whilst Tamora is punished harshly for her evildoing, Lavinia besides suffers despite carry throughing her function.
In Shakespeare ‘s Hamlet, there are two chief female characters. Ophelia embodies muliebrity, as she obeys the patriarchal society that cares for her and flourishes within its rigorous boundaries. Gertrude juxtaposes Ophelia, as Shakespeare uses the same technique found in Titus Andronicus, whereby he uses Tamora and Lavinia as a binary brace to foreground the consequence of patriarchate on both the passive and active. Gertrude is contradicting to the traditional criterion of muliebrity, her rejection of her gender function finally leads to the prostration of the patriarchal ordered power construction every bit good as her ain death.
Ophelia is shown to be willing to follow to the patriarchal society, for illustration when Polonius instructs her non to see Hamlet any longer, she replies “ I shall obey, my Godhead, ” ( Shakespeare, 2003, 1.3.139 ) . Gertrude contrasts her attitude and defies the outlooks of her function as a adult female ; she is non admired for her beauty, and most significantly she does non try to conceal her gender. When she marries Claudius, Hamlet accuses her of life in “ in the rank perspiration of an enseamed bed ” ( Shakespeare, 2003, 3.5.91 ) . Whilst Gertude may be hurt by these words, she does non deny his accusal. She recognises her individuality and does non try to lie and conform to what society and Hamlet wants her to be. Gertrude shows more evildoing from her feminine function as she rebels against faith by get marrieding her ain brother as this was considered incestuous as Claudius marries his “ sometime sister ” .
Gertrude is punctually punished for her transgressive actions at the terminal of the drama, as she insists upon imbibing poisoned wine despite her hubby informing her “ make non imbibe ” ( Shakespeare, 2003,5.3.122 ) . It is suiting that her concluding act of rebelliousness leads to her ruin. She falls dead, uncovering Claudius ‘ program and guaranting his decease. Her noncompliance is responsible for doing the decease of the male monarch and the prostration of the patriarchal hierarchy. Because of her powerful political place, Gertrude ‘s refusal of her prescribed function has grave effects.
The patriarchal nature of the societal order emphasizes and wagess the obeisance of adult females. Butler ‘s theory can once more be applied to Ophelia, as she commits self-destruction when she loses her father, as he is the beginning of both order and authorization. Her individuality ‘dissolves ‘ when he is gone as his patriarchal positions where the ‘concrete ‘ in her life, and her personality. Gertrude meets her decease as she refuses to bow to authorization. She transgresses from her function as a adult female by rejecting it and openly exudating her gender, likewise to both Tamora and Cleopatra, and is punished for her continued noncompliance when she by chance poisoned.
Shakespeare ‘s penalty of female evildoing is a complex topic to surmise. Whilst the three transgressive female characters in the three dramas all meet their decease, and hence can be considered to be punished by Shakespeare for offending their feminine function, it is non that black and white. Cleopatra ‘s decease differs from both Tamora and Gertrude ‘s decease as she retains the power that she exhibits throughout the drama, by taking her ain life. Whilst Tamora and Gertrude are punished for offending their female function, Cleopatra escapes this destiny Caesar, and shows regard for the adult female who “ Took her ain manner ” ( Shakespeare, 2001, 5.1.68 ) .
This could be construed as Shakespeare connoting that adult females should non be chastised for non conforming to the standard female function, but alternatively be respected. This creates an challenging quandary when reading Hamlet and Titus Andronicus as Tamora and Gertrude decease ‘s are non of their ain will, and it can be interpreted is their penalty by society for their open gender and noncompliance to the patriarchal order. However both adult females are joined in decease by their polar antonyms in Ophelia and Lavinia, two adult females who complied implicitly with the regulations of society, and fulfilled their expected function.
This essay has considered that by using Butler ‘s theory, it can be concluded it is because of Tamora and Gertrude ‘s evildoing that adult females who obey society are harmed when it is brought down by others. This makes the two adult females blameworthy for their deceases, and adds another dimension to the argument as these adult females have been punished, yet they did non offend from their prescribed function. This leads me to reason that whilst some critics may extol Shakespeare as the first women’s rightist, his ultimate stance is one of confusion.
Whilst Cleopatra is presented as a adult female able to incarnate both male and female properties, she finally dies, even though it is by her ain manus. Tamora and Gertrude besides meet their decease for offending their function ; hence my decision is that Shakespeare displays the penalty of these adult females to demo that their society is non ready to accept a adult female like Cleopatra who is shown to be equal to adult male, as 17th century society is still stuck in the same stiff, patriarchal power construction as depicted in ancient Egypt.
His presentation of her is undeniably one of esteem, which leads me to reason that his penalty of adult females, guiltless or guilty of evildoing, is a word picture of a society non yet ready for a trasngressive adult female, equal to adult male and that in 17th century society “ Women who comply with the societal order are lost without it ; those who defy it can cognize no other luck than to be lost within it ” ( Dollimore, 2003, p211 ) . | <urn:uuid:5d2c9601-a176-4c8e-a57f-70df47ccf3fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://graduateway.com/the-forms-of-femininity-in-shakespeare-english-literature-essay/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95182 | 5,221 | 3.65625 | 4 |
Still the River Flows: A Glimpse at Winter Rituals from the Carpathian Mountains was a multi-layered event featuring traditional music, performance, video and photography installation. The event took place three times the weekend of December 8-10, 2006 at the Ukrainian League of Philadelphia, 800 N. 23rd Street at Brown Street.
Still the River Flows was conceived by the Yara Arts Group of New York. It featured an art installation created by Yara artists based on the winter rituals they witnessed in the village of Kryvorivnia in southwestern Ukraine, and an excerpt from their recent theatre piece at La MaMa Experimental Theatre in New York that introduces the ritual. The highlight of the event was the performance of the ritual by the Koliadnyky, or winter song singers, from the village of Kryvorivnia. The Koliadnyky were joined by special guests --on Friday it was Bandurna Rozmova, a duet performing on the bandura, a traditional Ukrainian instrument. On Saturday they were joined by Svitanya, a women's vocal ensemble based in Philadelphia that performs traditional folk music from across Eastern Europe.
The Koliada songs are part of a winter ritual that now coincides with Christmas, but is much older in its origin, traditions and symbolism. It is considered to be the most important event of the year in the area, since people believe that spring and the harvest will not come to the village unless these songs are sung in every household. A separate winter song (or koliada), chosen specifically for that person by the leader of the singers, is sung to every member of the household, both living and recently deceased. The songs are incantations that assume the magical power of words: what is said will be so.
Director Virlana Tkacz, set designer Watoku Ueno, filmmaker Andrea Odezynska, photographer Alexander Khantaev, and poet-translator Wanda Phipps have created a collaborative installation presenting elements of the Koliada. For the past three years, Yara artists have been documenting the Koliada as it exists in the village of Kryvorivnia in the Carpathian Mountains of southwestern Ukraine, learning about the traditional rituals and listening to stories told by villagers.
The rituals included a Christmas Eve dinner of twelve dishes. Last winter, Yara’s new theater piece at La MaMa, Koliada: Twelve Dishes, was based on this ritual and an excerpt of it will be performed at the event. The Yara Arts Group, a resident company of La MaMa Experimental Theater, creates original theater pieces, art exhibits, and music and poetry events rooted in the cultures of the East. Yara was founded by Virlana Tkacz, Watoku Ueno, and Wanda Phipps, who have been working for years with Andrea Odezynska and Alexander Khantaev. Last year, Ms. Tkacz received an NEA Poetry Translation Fellowship to translate Ukrainian poetry, and Mr. Ueno is a recipient of the NEA/TCG Design Fellowship. Andrea Odezynska has film, The Whisperer, has been screened in numerous film festivals this year. Alexander Khantaev’s photographs were featured in the award-winning book Shanar: Dedication Ritual of a Buryat Shaman in Siberia published by Parabola Books. Since its founding in 1990, the Yara Arts Group has collaborated on seventeen original theater productions with artists from Ukraine, Siberia, and China.
Yara's first show, In the Light, was about Les Kurbas; it was performed in Kyiv during the week that Ukraine declared its independence in 1991. The workshop for Koliada: Twelve Dishes , Yara's recent show, took place in Kyiv during the Orange Revolution. Yara has created nine theater pieces with Ukrainian material, including Explosions (based on poetry and documentation about Chornobyl), Blind Sight (inspired by the work and travels to Japan of blind poet Vasyl Yeroshenko), Yara’s Forest Song (based on Lesia Ukrainka’s verse play), Waterfall/Reflections (with Nina Matvienko), Song Tree and Kupala (both with Mariana Sadovksa), and Swan (based on Oleh Lysheha’s poetry). Since 1996, Yara has also worked on theater pieces with Buryat artists from Siberia. In addition, Yara presents art, stages music and poetry events, and conducts master classes and workshops.
Ivan Zelenchuk, lead singer and leader of the Koliadnyky, comes from an old Kryvorivnia family. He is the son of Ivan Zelenchuk whose handwritten notebook of winter songs helped preserve this tradition for future generations despite intense persecution under fifty years of Soviet rule in this area. Now in his fifties Ivan considers his involvement in the Koliada his personal mission. He met the members of Yara when they first visited the village in 2002 and took part in Yara’s Koliada theatre production in Kyiv in New York. Singing with him will be his brother Peter and his son Mykola who plays the trembita, a traditional twelve- foot long mountain horn. They will be accompanied by Dmytro Tafiychuk, a virtuoso traditional fiddler, as well as a master player of the volynka, bag pipes made of goat skin. Still the River Flows tok place at the Ukrainian League of Philadelphia on Friday December 8th at 8:00 PM, Saturday December 9th at 8:00 PM and Sunday December 10th at 2:00 PM. Traditional food made by Anna Maria Kukuruza was served.
Koliadnyky in Concert at the Ukrainian Museum Dec 3, 2006
Koliada on Fifth Avenue at Ukrainian Insitute of America, Friday, Dec 15, 2006
Workshop in Winter Song Singing in New York Dec 16, 2006
Koliada Photographs at Spring Street Gallery, Saratoga Springs NY Sunday, Dec 17, 2006 to January 5, 2007
For reviews and more photos see Still the River Flows
at the Ukrainian Museum
For reviews and photos of Yara's show see Koliada:Twelve Dishes at La MaMa
and Koliada:Twelve Dishes
Photographs on this page by Makoto Takeuchi, Virlana Tkacz and Walter Holubowsky. Copyright (c)1995-2007 Yara Arts Group; all rights reserved.
Yara Arts Group
306 East 11th St., #3B
New York, NY 10003 USA
Email Virlana Tkacz at: firstname.lastname@example.org
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Solar power rocks – and America knows it. This according to yet another in a long line of polls that have consistently shown broad support for solar in the U.S.
Here are some of the numbers from the 2010 SCHOTT Solar Barometer, a nationally representative survey conducted by independent polling firm Kelton Research:
94% of Americans think it is important for the nation to develop and use solar energy;
92% of Republicans, 98% of Democrats and 94% of Independents agree it is important for the U.S. to develop and use solar power;
80% of Americans agree that Congress should consider reallocating federal subsidies from fossil fuels to solar — 86% of Democrats, 69% of Republicans and 81% of Independents feel this way;
Why doesn’t U.S. have more solar? If there’s such overwhelming support for solar in the U.S., why don’t we have more of it?
In fact, solar is going up at a good clip in the U.S., with projections for 1.75 gigawatts of new solar PV for 2011, or about double the total installed in 2010.
That’s good news, but, with a few notable exceptions, Americans in most places in the U.S. still aren’t likely to encounter much solar in the course of their everyday lives. When they do, we’ll know that America is finally practicing what it says it wants to preach.
Unfortunately, when one peers through the glass of American politics support for solar doesn’t look quite so rosy as it does through the lens of public opinion.
There’s a good reason that: The economic might of the fossil fuel industries. They’re throwing as much money as they can at American politicians in what we’re certain will turn out to be a futile attempt to beat back the advance of renewable energy forms such as solar — and the will of the American people which promises to inevitably push this advance forward. | <urn:uuid:f3771a0c-e4b7-447e-8d21-91db9a795bcd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://solarchargeddriving.com/2011/11/04/so-much-support-for-solar-so-little-of-it-in-us/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.947291 | 422 | 2.21875 | 2 |
After the enactment of the “IT Act, 2000” Parliament has inserted Section 65-A and 65-B under chapter V of Indian Evidence Act, 1872. Chapter V of Evidence Act deals with documentary evidence. To deal with the admissibility of electronic evidence section 65-A and 65-B inserted by the Parliament in the year 2000.
POSITION BEFORE 2001
Before the insertion of these sections, section 61-65 used to deal with the electronic evidence. Electronic evidence is a kind of documentary evidence that is proved either by primary evidence or secondary evidence. When the document itself is produced before the court is called primary evidence. If one does not produce the original document, he can produce the secondary evidence of the content of the document. But subject to the conditions of section 65. Section 63 of the act enlists what will be the secondary evidence. According to section 63(2), copies made from the original mechanical process and copies compared with such copies are secondary evidence. Hence, the legal luminaries considered section 65-A and section 65-B secondary evidence before their insertion.
POSITION AFTER 2001
After the Parliament inserted Section 65A and 65-B, section 61-65 does not govern the admissibility of electronic evidence. Earlier section 61-65 governed the proving of electronic evidence while now section 65-B does the job. Section 65-B states that any information printed on paper, stored, recorded, or copied in optical or magnetic media; produced with the use of a computer is a document. But subject to the conditions mentioned under section 65-B. So now the legislature has made the computer produce as primary documentary evidence by giving it a legal fiction.
CONTROVERSY OVER SECTION 65-B(4)
Section 65-B (4) of the evidence act requires a certificate as a precondition for the admissibility of electronic evidence. A controversy arose that the requirement of certificate for the admissibility of electronic evidence is mandatory or not. In 2005, the Supreme Court held that the requirement of the certificate as pre-condition to the admissibility of electronic evidence is not mandatory. If one does not produce the certificate, he can prove it under section 63 read with section 65 as secondary evidence. By upholding this view the Supreme Court has defeated the intent of the legislature behind the insertion of section 65-A and Section 65-B.
For almost a decade this ruling had followed by the courts. But in 2014, the Supreme Court took a progressive view and held that section 65-B is a special provision and overrides section 65 which is a general provision. And the court also mandates the requirement of the certificate as a pre-condition for admissibility of electronic evidence. In 2017 again Supreme Court took a contrary view to its earlier judgment of the year 2014 and held that the requirement of certificate is merely procedural and can be relaxed in the interest of justice.
Now in 2020, the abovesaid controversy referred to Supreme Court larger bench. In response to this reference; the Supreme Court mandates the requirement of the certificate for the admissibility of evidence by way of electronic evidence. In the absence of this certificate, the electronic evidence will be inadmissible.
Hence now it is very clear that for the admissibility of evidence by way of electronic evidence the certificate under section 65-B is mandatory and there is a complete bar on the party to produce electronic evidence without a certificate. | <urn:uuid:902f60df-46f5-422b-83a0-3e8623408bd0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://advocatetanwar.com/section-65-a-and-65-b-of-indian-evidence-act-a-brief-overview/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.941294 | 705 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Event empowers parents with tools, advice to combat kids’ social media troubles
COTTONWOOD HEIGHTS, Utah – Tablets, phones and social media remain a huge challenge for parents trying to raise the next generation, while helping kids to avoid things like depression and bullying.
Wednesday night, a few hundred parents received some helpful tools and advice from researchers, counselors and police at an education event at Brighton High School.
The “Parent Education Night” was organized and hosted by Collin Kartchner, a man who has leveraged a 58,000-plus Instagram following to raise awareness about the ill-effects of social media.
“Nudes and sexting and sending nude photos used to be really like, ‘what the heck?’” Kartchner explained to the crowd. “Now, it’s a rite of passage.”
Speakers included those with expertise in the effects of electronics on child brains and on how to recognize social distress.
They warned of “finstas” or fake Instagram accounts, which can be used to by teens to share or access explicit content and they encouraged parents to have defined limits on electronics, to challenge their kids in the world around them, and to let them fail so they can grow.
Kartchner said to expect similar events around the state in the coming months.
Parent Heather Christensen said she viewed the advice from the speakers as helpful, even for adults struggling with social media and smartphones.
“It’s not going away, so we obviously need to teach our children better tools and better skills how to navigate,” Christensen said. “I think it’s important for (children) to hear these statistics, too, so they know what they’re facing.”
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- Heber homicide suspect found dead in Oregon (pageviews: 4997) | <urn:uuid:3033732e-435f-4b34-961c-1661dab16d43> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ksltv.com/396026/event-empowers-parents-tools-advice-combat-kids-social-media-troubles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.930455 | 521 | 2.25 | 2 |
If the purpose of battle, and war, is to break the enemy’s will to continue resistance, then at what point, and under what conditions, do protagonists break? How can some belligerent personnel sustain even very heavy casualties and keep fighting, and why is it that territory, and particular locations, inspire acts of incredible sacrifice?
On October 22, 1914, during the First World War, one German attack just south of the Belgian town of Ypres was held by Allied forces only with the greatest difficulty. Many casualties had been caused by German artillery fire in a very short period. Rudimentary trenches were flattened by the density and power of the shelling, and reinforcing troops were forced to lie out in the open to repel a German infantry assault. At one point, a machine gun team, placed in a prominent farmhouse overlooking the now devastated front line, took a direct hit and all were killed instantly. The nearby defending company, about 100 strong, was entirely overrun and wiped out. A similar fate befell the adjoining company. Here, one man left alive and unwounded, a junior non-commissioned officer, realising he was the only survivor, shot himself to prevent his capture. In the next sector, one young man, having killed five Germans in hand-to-hand fighting, and who broke his bayonet in this intense close quarter action, snatched up a German officer’s sword and accounted for more of his enemy: he was later found alive, but only just, with six wounds.
Such incidents were all too typical of the Western Front during the First World War. Yet it is the identity of the defending troops which is so intriguing. The NCO who had shot himself in desperation to avoid capture was Jemadar Kapur Singh, and the man who seized the officer’s sword was Havildar Gagna: two men from the sub-continent of India, fighting in a Belgian field, drawn from an Asian regiment who were prepared to sacrifice themselves for the British Empire.
The ‘Nation in Arms’ is often thought now to have been a concept that led thousands of willing young men to unnecessary deaths on the battlefields of Europe, the Middle East and Africa during the First World War. Indeed, the systems of nationalism and imperialism that harnessed the manpower of a generation have been condemned both at the time and since for the vast slaughter of that conflict. The enigma is how political ideas of common identity and territoriality could have produced a war of such intense lethality and savagery. How is it that these two systems of government, exclusive in nature yet intended to generate civil cohesion, can just as equally motivate men and women to fight to the death, even across the boundaries of identity which might otherwise define them? Why is it that these polities collide with such passion, and yet sustain their populations through all manner of pain, hardship and loss in an enduring way? And to what extent did the belligerence and sacrifice represent a unique or universal conception of territoriality and cohesion in these two systems?
The First World War is a clear illustration of the contradictions and value of nations and empires in armed conflict. As the war extended in duration, it was noticeable that differences appeared in the perspectives of front-line soldiers and the civilians behind the lines. While political leaders exhorted their populations to make great efforts, and sacrifices, for the nation or the empire, many soldiers exhibited a derisory attitude towards such platitudes. Robert Graves, a British officer who compiled an honest memoir of the war in Goodbye to All That (1929), claimed that patriotism had no place in the trenches and was considered fit only for ‘civilians and prisoners’. And yet, despite this division of views, many soldiers retained a quiet faith in the idea that their cause was just and they would not betray their state, even when expressing such sentiments was thought inappropriate. Equally, there was rather more doubt on the civilian side than usually acknowledged. Indeed, resistance to the war was generated by those at home, and the revolutions that broke the war effort of Germany and Russia were led by the civilians, not the soldiers.
War has always been used by nation states, empires and political movements to justify ideas, sometimes long after the event. The Europeans referred to colonial wars as the means to explain the rationale of empire as part of a ‘civilising mission’. Lord Salisbury, the British prime minister of the 1890s, noted that colonial campaigns in Africa and Asia were the ‘surf that marked the advancing tide of civilisation’. The colonial conflicts were used in the same period by both imperialists and opposing nationalists to argue that their cause had been just because of the savagery of their adversaries.
Yet these wars also produced forms of anti-nationalism as well as critics of imperialism. The First World War was remarkable for popularising Bolshevism, although other experiments, such as the Spartacist rising, the Khilafat movement and pan-Arabism failed. In Turkey, the aftermath of the First World War produced new impetus for exclusive nationalist ideology on the ruins of the more inclusive Ottomanism, and this model of secular nationalism, led by a reforming charismatic leader, Mustapha Kemal Ataturk, inspired many others across the Middle East and beyond. President Woodrow Wilson, in his advocacy of peace in 1917–18, argued that national self-determination would end wars, an idea that nationalists across the world embraced with enthusiasm, despite the assertion being made without any evidence to support it. The purpose of nationalism and imperialism was to popularise the notion of a cohesive, and therefore strong polity. Strength would ensure its resilience in the face of both internal and external threats.
In the first flush of the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, there were many millions of Europeans who embraced the opportunity to serve their nation, their empire and their own personal interests, often blending them and adding further justification through notions of self-defence, territorial integrity and religious protection. Across the globe, many thousands of men in imperial armies saw no contradiction in serving seemingly distant or alien polities, and transferred their allegiance, often with limited conditions, from the local to the metropolitan, and did so with relative ease. Recent migrants from Britain to Australia and New Zealand, for example, were eager to demonstrate their loyalty by enlisting as volunteers into imperial formations that would serve in Egypt, Palestine, Gallipoli and France. Empires and nations therefore acted as vessels for the transmission of men, cognitively, emotionally and physically, from peacetime to the zones of conflict. Once through training or in combat theatres, new layers of allegiance, cohesion and identity were forged or developed, some of which evoked idealised notions of the past, or obedience to military and social discipline, but most of which were also situated in pragmatic demands for local cooperation and survival.
If ideology mattered, so too did geography. The threat to hearth, homeland and empire was invoked on both sides of the First World War. German writers emphasised the future threat to the integrity of Germany, while the military leadership conceived of new colonial possessions on the ruins of Russia and in the Middle East. These ideas were designed to popularise the war effort, and keep the people committed to imperial or national defence.
Moreover, territory, the ground itself, became the subject of intense military effort. Even relatively small territorial features became the arenas of considerable sacrifice, including Verdun, Gallipoli and Ypres. In other words, the situation was more nuanced than the orthodoxies conveyed about the war today. In much of the literature, nations and empires were part of the iconography, along with upper-class leadership, that was held responsible after the conflict for prejudice, vast numbers of casualties, defeat and betrayal. But the reality was far more complex and varied, and, indeed, more deeply rooted in a sense of place and territoriality than usually acknowledged.
In the fighting, where the protection of the earth was essential given the lethality of modern weapon systems and the absence of effective means of crossing ground against an entrenched enemy, even minor features in the landscape acquired considerable significance. These were rendered into the lexicon of the soldiers’ lives and nation, and thus domesticated and sacralised at the same time. Trenches were given names of streets or provinces from home; national and imperial titles were conferred on hills, strongpoints and redoubts. This transformation of the alien into the familiar was critical under the conditions the men faced.
In the book Tommy Goes to War, by Malcolm Brown, it is recorded that Tom MacDonald of the 9th Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment, wrote in August 1916 from his position in a shattered, formerly forested area above Ypres: ‘The woods had changed hands by repeated German counter attacks and shelling, and it had been difficult to bury the dead. The trees were criss-cross, with shattered, splintered limbs, and the stench was awful, and we could hardly put a pick in the ground or shovel [without which] we would strike a buried body and clothing. The ground was pock-marked with shell holes everywhere and in one place we found a whole machine gun team buried by shell fire.’
The same book also quotes a description of the ruins of Ypres itself by Major RS Cockburn of the 10th Royal Rifle Corps: ‘Leaning miserably over all [was] the gaunt, maimed cathedral tower and Cloth Hall, left to be as great a mockery of civilisation as the world will ever see. I suppose that men will flock to see the ghastly remains of the city [after the war]. Let them walk with reverent and humble step.’
Many sites where the fighting had taken place were scenes of devastation. Several settlements along the Western Front were not rebuilt, but generally there were immediate efforts to commence reconstruction. Battlefields were cleared of debris and ordnance, and burial parties, mainly made up of veterans, reinterred and consolidated grave sites. Winston Churchill was not alone in desiring that Ypres, the Belgian city which had been the focal point of fighting for the British Army throughout the war and which had been almost flattened by the conflict, should remain a ruin. He believed that it would stand as a memorial to the sacrifice of tens of thousands of Britons and their Commonwealth partners. A 1920s guidebook to the area noted the words of Lt Col Beckles Wilson thus: ‘There is not a single half-acre in Ypres that is not sacred. Their [British soldiers’] blood has drenched its cloisters and its cellars.’
There was also a desire to see wooden prefabricated kiosks, selling souvenirs and teas to battlefield pilgrims and tourists, removed, because their gaudy and overtly commercial presence represented an affront to the sacralised site. The Belgians disagreed and were eager to restore their city to its functional status quo ante bellum. The Cloth Hall and cathedral were thus rebuilt, and the town around them. The British nevertheless constructed a memorial gate on the Menin Road, completed in 1927, which recorded the names of over 54,000 men who were missing in the Ypres Salient, their bodies never having been recovered. When it was opened, by Field Marshal Lord Plumer, the commander of II Army which had fought in the Ypres Salient, the poignant announcement was made to the families that, while this was a memorial to the missing, ‘they are no longer missing; they are here’. The memorial pillars are inscribed with each individual’s name, rank and unit, and, alongside the British, Australian, Canadian and New Zealanders, they include a number of Indian soldiers, including those lost in that desperate action in 1914 south of the city. At Tyne Cot cemetery, just a few miles outside of Ypres to the east, another memorial wall records a further 22,000 missing men’s names. These memorials stood among dozens of Imperial War Graves cemeteries, with each grave marking the identity, unit and nationality of the dead.
For France, Verdun took on iconic national status as the memorial of the war. In the brutal fighting, an estimated 150,000 Frenchmen were killed with a disputed number wounded, but certainly not less than 200,000. The majority of these were the victims of artillery fire, who perished at certain landmarks: Fort Vaux, Douaumont and the aptly chillingly named hilltop of Le Mort Homme. The landscape was permanently scarred and even 100 years on there are still areas designated zones rouges, prohibited sites where lethal and unstable ordnance is too dangerous to clear. At the Douaumont Ossuary, a vast mausoleum with memorials to the dead and the missing, there are apertures to view the collected skeletal remains of thousands of unidentified men. Yet, Verdun, while overwhelmingly a symbol of sacrifice and loss, is also a self-consciously national memorial. The Tranchée des Baïonettes, where allegedly a group of soldiers was buried alive as they marched along a trench, leaving only their rifle muzzles and bayonets protruding from the soil, is a symbol that this territory was and remains quintessentially part of France. General Pétain’s famous injunction to his troops at the crisis of the battle – ‘ils ne passeront pas‘ – resonates still: it captures French values of determination and defiance, a sentiment all the more important for a nation that, in 1870 and again in 1940, was overrun and defeated. At Notre Dame de Lorette, above the battlefield of Artois, an eternal flame burns to symbolise the enduring nature of la patrie.
Canada acquired sites from the French government that were granted in perpetuity to preserve the memorials, and sometimes even the battlefield itself. Hill 62 outside Ypres was one of them. The shell-pocked fields of Vimy Ridge in Artois and Beaumont-Hamel in Picardie are others, and are considered critical to Canadian national identity because, the guides state, it was here that self-consciousness as Canadians was forged in the operations at these locations. The case is slightly problematic at Beaumont-Hamel since Newfoundland, whose regiment suffered very heavy losses there in 1916, was not part of Canada until 1949. But the use of the historical events to present a case for national identity is strongly felt and keenly advocated.
The situation at Gallipoli is similar. While Australians have made the site of the fighting at Anzac Cove a cause célèbre of national identity, in recent years Turkish Islamists have challenged not only the presence of Christian memorials on the peninsula but also the hagiographic accounts of the Turkish commander, Mustafa Kemal. According to secularists, it was Mustafa Kemal who turned the tide of the battle there on April 25, 1915, when he ordered his troops to make the ultimate sacrifice to stem the invasion by the Allies. Galvanising his men, actually in defence of the Ottoman Empire at the time but subsequently memorialised as a Turkish national achievement, Kemal was immortalised as ‘Atatürk’. Islamists seek to denigrate or remove Kemal from their narratives, arguing instead that the only explanation for the defeat of the Allies was divine intervention. Secular Turks are appalled at this overtly religious agenda, since they have long held to the tradition that, inspired by Islam but motivated by a sense of Turkish identity, the ordinary Mehmetçiks (soldiers) were the ones who held the Allies at bay.
The allegiance of the troops at Gallipoli is actually far more complex than most of the memorialised narratives propagated by national sentiment today. Australians who enlisted in 1914–15 as volunteers thought of themselves as British or Imperial British, with no sense of contradiction. Many of the New Zealanders who served were recent migrants from Britain. The largest contingent on the Allied side was British, not Australian or New Zealander, and many Australian visitors are surprised to learn that there were, in fact, more Indian soldiers on the peninsula than Anzacs (Australian and New Zealand forces) during the campaign. The British, not the Australians, suffered the heaviest casualties of the fighting there. Equally, Turkish accounts find the presence of non-Turkish troops in the fighting on their side problematic. ‘National’ identity was not recorded in recruitment by the Ottoman imperial authorities, but there is some suggestion that Arabs recruited from Syria fought in fairly significant numbers at Gallipoli. The campaign was not a Turkish national victory, but an Ottoman one that has been expropriated by Turkey for understandable reasons. In this, the Australians and Turks have something in common: a feeling that this action, more than any other, created a national self-consciousness forged through sacrifice.
At the time of the war, the most common reference points of identity were national, regional and regimental, but all identification was in layers, each one being defined to some extent in distinction to others. Regular soldiers of the British Army regarded themselves as superior to Territorials, Reservists and conscripts, but identified themselves by sub-unit and county or regimental affiliations. In Britain in 1914, where the tradition of voluntary military service was strong, the desire to join up alongside civilian workmates and friends from the same community was given official support and led to the formation of ‘Pals Battalions’. To ensure continuity of connection to existing military territorial affiliations, these units had both unofficial local names and official county names, creating, for example, unofficially, the ‘Leeds Pals’ (officially, the 15th West Yorkshire Regiment); ‘Durham Pals’ (18th Durham Light Infantry) and the ‘Grimsby Chums’ (10th Battalion, Lincolnshire Regiment). The heavy casualties suffered by these cohesive units, which had a profoundly depressing effect on their local communities, led to the use of official titles of regiments and corps and, when conscription was introduced in 1916, the wide distribution of personnel across a variety of units. On war memorials in many towns and villages, there is a great variety of county titles reflecting this effort to spread the cost of the war.
The war challenged and fragmented not only local and national distinctiveness, but also imperial identity and fealty. National or sub-national allegiance, ethnic affiliation and ideological commitment acted as alternatives when the pressures of war broke down faith in the existing system. Hence, national groups in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, in the Ottoman Empire, or the Russian Empire, established themselves amid the ruins of defeat. Czech and Polish units of the Austro-Hungarian and Russian Empires respectively, emerged from the conflict with a proud combat record and a distinct national identity. The Russian, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires were broken up. Among the victorious imperial powers too, new doubts were sown and dissenting movements emerged. There was serious unrest in Egypt and the Punjab in 1919, in Mesopotamia in 1920 and in Ireland, which challenged Britain’s imperial authority. In all these cases, save southern Ireland, these uprisings were suppressed, but a precedent had been set and new movements of liberation would follow. The First World War therefore exposed both the resilience and the weaknesses of these particular forms of political organisation.
The First World War produced more exclusive forms of nationalism, harnessing ethnically homogeneous protests, in Germany, in Italy and in Turkey. These struggled with redefining national identity through both traditional and ultra-modernist ideas. The Fascists of Italy were inspired by Vorticism and nostalgia for Roman greatness; the Nazis were appalled by left-wing, internationalist and decadent culture, but reached for an atavistic vision of an authentic, pre-modern Germania; the Turks sought a new future through a reformed language, political identity, and centralised leadership.
War, and loss, did not expunge nationalist and imperial support. It is true that, in liberal societies, there were considerable doubts about fighting for one’s country after the heavy casualties of the First World War. Indeed, the political Left argued that, given the inevitability of the collapse of capitalism, which was manifest in its ‘late stage’ of development as imperialism, there was good reason for optimism: they believed the only war they’d have to fight was a class war. But the Nazis, the Italian Fascists, the Japanese and Stalin’s Soviet regime all promoted war, not least for its ‘beneficial’ effect in forging cohesiveness in society. As a result, the conflicts they launched led to an even more catastrophic death toll in the Second World War.
Nations and empires are inclusive, collective entities that form men cognitively, emotionally and physically. These effects were not limited to single ethnic groups, and soldiers from across Africa and Asia, recruited by Europeans, served on the Western Front. French Senegalese, for example, fought on the Chemin des Dames in 1917 during General Nivelle’s Champagne offensive. Their attacks were held up by German gunfire and despite every effort to resume their assault, they were cut to pieces. Gurkhas from Nepal fought at Neuve Chapelle in British service with rather more success, but they found the wintry conditions of the trenches a challenging experience compared with the climate they were used to.
What enabled these men to sustain their efforts was not limited to a blind faith in remote concepts of nation and empire. In tough training, and subsequently in combat, new layers of identity, allegiance and cohesion were created. Individuals and groups expressed a strong desire not to let their comrades down. Military service itself generates resilience through a new identity and through the iconography of sacrifice, or pride in collective effort. Thus, soldiers fight for each other, but find rationale and justification in fighting for a ‘higher cause’, namely the honour, interest and protection of homeland.
Nations and empires in war, especially the First World War, are nevertheless full of contradictions and paradox, like Indian soldiers fighting to the last man for the honour of the British Empire in a Belgian field. They did so, adjacent to a city, the ruins of which were regarded as a national sacred site not by Belgians, but by foreigners, from Britain. These were all memorialised together, and are still remembered with pride, long after the British Empire faded away into the pages of history.
This essay originally appeared under the title Territoriality and Sacrifice for Nation and Empire in Nation, State and Empire: Perspectives from the Engelsberg Seminar, Axess, 2017. | <urn:uuid:fda1c0d8-86b5-427b-bdb6-e72939250977> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://engelsbergideas.com/essays/the-nation-in-arms-myth-or-reality/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.973959 | 4,668 | 2.53125 | 3 |
This Can Chromatography Separate A Pigment? lesson plan also includes:
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Students separate a mixture of pigments with ion exchange chromatography and predict whether the ion-exchange matrix is positively or negatively charged based on the type of pigment bonded to the matrix.
3 Views 7 Downloads | <urn:uuid:1a24c4b5-af51-43d4-8456-a0f5d054a522> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lessonplanet.com/teachers/can-chromatography-separate-a-pigment | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.87946 | 73 | 2.828125 | 3 |
I live my life trying to create Art and Beauty in all conditions and I also do my best to recognize and celebrate Art and Beauty in others — even if they do not recognize those gifts in themselves. I know a sandwich maker can be an Artist. It’s all about intention and the cut of the knife and the slice of the bread and, of course, choosing just the right condiments. While an Artist can create a sandwich, a sandwich is never really a piece of Art because Art — in its essence — must have the capacity to endure. Sandwiches, by their very nature, are crafted to be temporary and dissolved. Albert Einstein was an Artist as was Alexander the Great.
Imagine my surprise the other day when a new online friend sent me a gift — something he’d made with tools and machines he’d created in a faraway land — and I wrote him an email to thank him and celebrate his talent and my “You’re an Artist!” compliment was wholly rebuffed. I’d unwittingly insulted The Mechanist by identifying his keen aesthetic. | <urn:uuid:f41305d9-91da-48b2-bd5d-727f2e87de07> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bolesblogs.com/tag/tools/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970681 | 225 | 1.53125 | 2 |
The VDL electric bus fleet operated in Amsterdam city transport by GVB is going to be enriched with 44 articulated vehicles. These are scheduled for delivery in early 2022. Today the VDL e-bus ‘contribution’ in GVB fleet is made of 31 Citea electric.
Amsterdam is working to further reduce CO2 emissions in the city. To this end, the municipality has developed ‘Route Map Amsterdam Climate Neutral 2050’. Amsterdam will reduce its CO2 emissions by 5% in 2025, 55% in 2030 and 95% in 2050, compared to 1990 levels. Part of this includes GVB providing completely emission-free bus transport from 2025 onwards. It should be recalled that over one hundreds VDL zero emission buses are in operation on several lines around Schiphol airport.
The manufacturer has recently revealed to the market, with an online ceremony, the VDL Citea new generation (the order for GVB consists of current generation). The new product family is the outcome of a new concept entirely developed on an electric driveline. And, for the first time, it will house batteries in the floor. The first vehicles are going to be deployed in Lahti, Finland. VDL states an impressive range: «All vehicles cover a distance of 500 to 600 kilometres. Even in bad weather conditions (-15 degrees Celsius), the Citea can still drive 250 kilometres 100% electrically». A battery capacity of 490 kWh is possible on a 12.2-metre VDL Citea.
The first vehicle are expected to be delivered in early 2022, with series production to begin within 2021. By the end of next year all the models of the range are said to be available.
GVB Amsterdam: transition to electric buses with VDL
At the end of 2018, GVB and VDL Bus & Coach signed the contract for the delivery of 31 electric Citeas, with the option of 69 additional zero emission city buses. The contract concerns close cooperation between the Amsterdam Transport Region as the granter of the concession, the City of Amsterdam, GVB and VDL. In 2020, the VDL Citeas were running on routes 15, 22 and 61, all of which start or end at Sloterdijk Station. The series of buses consists of 9 VDL Citeas SLF-120 Electric and 22 articulated VDL Citeas SLFA-180 Electric.
Amsterdam is growing, and as a public transport company we want to keep the city accessible for everyone in a high-quality manner. Electrifying our buses, thus contributing to clean air, is an important part of thatClaudia Zuiderwijk, General Manager of GVB
The 44 electric Citeas that VDL Bus & Coach (which has a new CEO) will deliver to GVB are all articulated buses. For the expansion to 75 VDL Citeas, VDL Bus & Coach is once again responsible for the implementation of the charging infrastructure, the manufacturer says. Rapid charging is possible at Amsterdam Central Station; vehicles can also be charged at Garage West or Garage Noord. The 44 articulated vehicles, VDL Citeas SLFA-180 Electric, will be equipped with a 422 kWh High Energy battery system.
The new e-buses will also be equipped with camera mirrors, which in combination with two screens in the bus will enable the driver to participate in traffic better and more safely. All of the vehicles are equipped with an electric wheelchair ramp so that passengers with mobility impairments can also travel with them.
With more than 900 buses in 11 countries, delivered between 2015 and 2021, VDL Bus & Coach has a market share of 20% in Europe. The 100 million electric kilometres achieved in February of this year represent a saving of more than 14.7 million kilograms of CO2 emissions.
GVB contribution to clean air in Amsterdam
“In this way, GVB is clearly making a massive contribution to the objectives of the city of Amsterdam,” says Ard Romers, Managing Director of VDL Bus & Coach Nederland. “We are proud to continue our cooperation with the partners in this project, based on the trust built up in recent years. As a transition partner, we are happy to offer our experience and expertise. More than 900 Citeas now cover more than 135,000 electric kilometres together every day in a large number of European cities and regions. The fact that we can now once again supply e-buses for Amsterdam is, of course, very special. The Netherlands is a leader in Europe in the electrification of public transport.”
“Despite coronavirus and all the uncertainties that come with it as a city transport company, we believe it is extremely important that the process of making our bus fleet more sustainable goes ahead,” says Claudia Zuiderwijk, General Manager of GVB. “It’s nice that we’re getting support from all the parties involved. We consider it our duty as Amsterdam’s public transport operator to make a maximum contribution to the city’s sustainability goals. Amsterdam is growing, and as a public transport company we want to keep the city accessible for everyone in a high-quality manner. Electrifying our buses, thus contributing to clean air, is an important part of that.” | <urn:uuid:6a85ddf1-c570-4f8e-89dc-1fac78ac2d60> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sustainable-bus.com/news/gvb-amsterdam-zero-emission-transport-2025-44-vdl/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936732 | 1,096 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Why thrifting is more fun and affordable
“Fast fashion”—a term used to describe the rapid production of on-trend clothing—has become a common term since the 1960s, when younger generations decided to toss their elders’ drab and boring traditions to pursue a more colorful life. This meant acquiring more colorful clothes to help express their inner hippie, and thus, 70s-style fashion was born. The increased demand for trendy clothing forced clothing companies to mass produce new items.
Since its conception, fast fashion has rapidly transformed the fashion industry. There used to be only two seasons for fashion: spring/summer and fall/winter. According to Huffington Post, there are now a whopping 52 “micro-seasons.” That’s a new fashion trend every single week.
H&M has been one of the longest succeeding fast fashion retailers, selling basic clothing like shirts, pants, and accessories anywhere from $2.99 to $39.99. These affordable prices motivate students to shop more than once every fashion cycle.
Production of fast fashion has resulted in an increase of textile waste. The clothing ends up in the landfills, which has been coined as the second dirtiest industry in the world next to big oil companies, according to ecowatch.com.
There’s a light at the end of the tunnel, though, and it’s in the shape of a pre-owned sequined outfit. Thrift stores, like fast fashion retailers, have been around for decades. They don’t create as much pollution because new clothing isn’t being produced. The clothes rival the affordability of large retail chains. Thrift stores can hold anything from current fashion trends to vintage, one-of-a-kind clothing. Because the clothing thrift stores carry is unique and second-hand, shoppers can acquire a more nuanced style as opposed to buying the same clothing as others at H&M or Forever 21.
“It’s so much better to reuse and recycle clothing instead of producing it,” Casey, a manager at Plato’s Closet in Arvada, said. “Our motto is reuse, recycle, and restyle. We try to be green too, like offering points for 20 percent off to customers who choose not to take a plastic bag.” Not only does Plato’s carry fashionable, brand-name items, they are treasure chests filled with ugly sweaters, vintage denim, flannel jackets, and more.
College students can be proud of their purchase at a thrift store, more so than their purchase at a big-name retailer. Their money helps the community, the environment, and it helps create a specific style that makes any student stand out in a crowd.
Westword has generously put together a list of the best thrift stores in Denver. Here are just a handful of stores: Plato’s closet at 1485 South Colorado Blvd, Clotheshorse at 4232 Tennyson St., Regal Vintage at 1866 South Broadway, and Buffalo Exchange at 51 Broadway.
It’s not hard for Denverites to ditch fast fashion with the local thrift stores. In doing so, consumers are minimizing their carbon footprint, supporting small businesses, and acquiring a unique style. | <urn:uuid:e3220ec7-6968-4354-89b4-6973c8a64c47> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cu-sentry.com/2018/04/25/fast-fashion-bad-environment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.945321 | 682 | 2.328125 | 2 |
An exit interview is a great opportunity to give and receive feedback once you’ve handed in your notice. It can be used to discuss how you can strengthen your skills, while also allowing the business you’re leaving to find out how they can improve. Here’s five common questions to prepare for:
Why are you leaving your position?
Sounds obvious, but you will be asked why you have decided to leave the company. Whether the reason is flexible hours or future development, it’s important to let your employers know why you are leaving. Management can decide what changes need to be made to improve the business or employee satisfaction in the future.
What do we need to look for in your replacement?
Once you’ve handed in your resignation, your boss will want to find a suitable replacement and no one will know the job better than you! This will differ from industry to industry but consider what skills and qualities a person will need to do your current job.
What did you dislike about the role?
This might be an awkward question, but it is an important one. Have a think and try and pinpoint the reasons that have brought you to this point. There are no right or wrong answers, so long as you remain professional and provide useable and constructive feedback.
What would have made you stay?
Be direct when answering this one and bear in mind this question opens up the possibility of a counteroffer. If you would have stayed for a higher salary and your manager offers you one there and then, it can be tricky. If the reasons you are leaving are not related to work, that’s okay as well, just be honest as this process is set out to be helpful for the both of you.
Do you have any concerns about the company?
It’s important to be constructive, not critical when answering this question. If you have concerns with management, pay or practices within the business – it’s a good opportunity to voice them. However, you should avoid highlighting specific individuals or teams.
Did you receive constructive feedback?
Receiving useful feedback at work is imperative to your improvement in any profession and in an ideal world, feedback should be regular and informative. However, if this has not been the case for you, you should inform your boss so that other employees can benefit. | <urn:uuid:0fa561b5-bcbc-4751-87b7-b70b78f73457> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pertemps.co.uk/candidates/career-advice/preparation/5-exit-interview-questions-to-ask/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965002 | 479 | 1.546875 | 2 |
The art scene in Israel is as commercial and competitive as in most other countries. Not all artists are suited to the profit-oriented dictates of the art market, and the networking and elitism – who you know and what gallery you show at – that can play a part in art world circles, bring added pressure.
For artists looking for alternative approaches to creating and presenting art one of the more interesting possibilities is joining an artist co-operative, loosely defined as a group of artists who band together to exhibit and collaborate independently, often renting out buildings and transforming them into galleries or artist-run spaces.
The Alfred Institute for Art and Culture, formerly the Alfred Co-operative, was the first artists co-operative in Tel Aviv and has been in existence since 2005. Recently the institute launched a website, the Artists-Run Alliance , to encourage interaction in a global capacity for artist-run initiatives – a catch-all term which includes artist co-operative's, art collectives and independent art galleries.
Speaking with Erev Rav, Gideon Smilansky, one of the Alfred Institute's founding members and the director of the project said, "There are thousands of artist-run initiatives throughout the world, most of which operate on the periphery of the established art scene. Currently the field is very fragmented and it can be difficult to find information about what they are doing, where they are located and who is involved.
The platform's main focus is to enable communication and collaboration between these groups and to present a wide-angled view of what is happening in the independent art world. "
The website serves as a resource platform and is user-generated. After an artist-run initiative becomes a member they are placed on the website's visual map and allocated a space in which to upload their information. A member's profile typically includes their history, art practices and practical information for visitors. Extra features enable members to highlight new exhibitions and activities such as residency programs, open calls and artist talks.
"Essentially, the platform will function as an online, go-to place for both the art world and the general public," said Smilansky. If I go to Berlin next week, a city with a strong contemporary art scene, I will be able to search our platform and see what other co-operatives are organizing.
As an artist and someone who is involved in a co-operative I would like the option to be able to introduce myself to like-minded people who might be open to the possibility of exhibiting in Tel Aviv, or having artists from the Alfred Institute invited to Berlin.
The platform will enable artists and curators to connect online and will enhance the possibility of working together, regardless of where they are based. "
Collaboration and fostering a sense of community are core ideas that infuse the platform and art co-operative ideology. In its twelve years in existence the Alfred Institute has worked with local and international artists, presented over two hundred exhibitions and built up a reputation as the country's most prominent art co-operative, in the process moving to progressively larger gallery spaces – their new base is a renovated three-story building which houses a gallery, studios for resident artists and hosts regular events.
The upshot of all this activity has resulted in its members gaining experience in running an efficient and well-organized art co-operative. The knowledge they have accumulated is something they intend to share through the Artist-Run Alliance platform.
"The idea for the platform evolved out of our work as a co-operative. To maintain our independence from the commercial art world necessitated a learning process and required us to assume responsibility each step of the way. Over time we had to learn the practicalities of funding issues, managing the gallery and delegating responsibility to group members.
We gave advice and provided a kind of mentorship to other co-operative's, mainly in Israel, but also in Germany. Navigating the process of setting up a co-operative can be complicated and having support makes a difference. We see this as part of our raison d'être and intend to share our knowledge through the platform with newly established co-operative's who want to grow and develop, "said Smilansky.
Art collectives play an exploratory role in the art world, making possible collaborative installations and site-specific projects difficult for artists to explore alone in the studio or in art academies. A strong dynamic can be created by artists working together, building relationships and developing networks that will cater to their specific needs. The website is primarily geared towards the art community, but Smilansky, who has worked on other cultural projects outside of his involvement in the Alfred Institute, is also aware of the role the web can play in engaging and informing the public and promoting art tourism.
"I think the wider public are interested in independently-run art galleries. The feeling is different when you enter a non-profit art space, it is not necessarily about buying or selling an artwork. The exhibitions are usually curated differently. Maybe the presentation is not quite so polished, more informal and so produces a different impression, "he said.
The website is currently in "Beta Mode" and receiving good feedback from the international art community. Over 1000 artist-run initiatives have registered on the platform, from North and South America, Europe, Asia and includes art collectives in Turkey and Iran. Smilansky was particularly pleased when a small gallery located in Izmir, Turkey made contact.
"We like the idea of connecting with co-operative's in the region. When we began the project we were aware the cultural boycott can impact on Israeli artists and wondered whether it would be problematic. It's difficult to know how much of a difference it has made, but as a liberal-minded art collective we are looking to engage with and support artists, rather than to shun or reject them.
The ideology that informs artist-run groups drives everything we do on the platform. As a group of artists working together there is a strong feeling of building on something, of being a part of something bigger than yourself. A supportive and pro-active community is central to everything we do, "he said.
Smilansky is smart, articulate and driven. He is also a true believer in the values that infuse the art collective ethos, both for the art world and for society at large. The Artists-Run Alliance platform is a good idea. It may not change the world, but it's sure to make a difference. | <urn:uuid:bee68570-4c2e-4d66-9eef-e03f1e92df59> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.erev-rav.com/archives/english/building-artists-alliance | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.968993 | 1,315 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Viplav Baxi, a broad-shouldered, bespectacled man, leans over one of the counters and smiles genially as he sees his employees furiously press the game buttons. Although it may not appear so, Baxi’s team is hard at work.
Entire Office on Your Desktop
The simulation software being designed by Baxi and his team captures the real-life ambience of an office on the computer screen of the trainee. If the application is meant to be used by a sales trainee, for instance, then an imaginary client pops up on the screen. The trainee has to then service this client using the available options.
So if the trainee is supposed to ask for the salary details of the customer, she is given four options. These range from the polite “Good morning sir. May I have your salary details as this would help me serve you better?” to the blunt “What is your salary?”.
A computer, printer, telephone, fax are all available on the trainee’s screen so that she can virtually make verification calls, issue forms, take printouts and so on while interacting with the customer. The software being designed by Atelier has 500 such situations that a sales person would have to deal with.
Baxi is optimistic about the potential of Learn 6, a software he is developing, as several of the top banks in the country and a few BPOs have already shown interest in the product. Many of these companies have indicated that they would be willing to use the software on a pay-per-use basis as and when the project is completed by Atelier.
Train Them Fast and Early
“In many sectors such as banking, BPOs and financial services, companies are facing attrition in the range of 20-30%. In many of these companies, 80% of recruitment are for 0-2 years’ experience. This means that many people have to be initiated into the company and then trained and put to work at a rapid pace,” says Baxi. Atelier says a trainee who uses its software can walk into office two hours early and practise before getting to work.
“This would save companies the trouble of planning training schedules and precious manhours that are lost to training. Moreover, in the traditional training format, the ‘learning to do’ element is missing as trainers usually rely on theory, leaving the rest of the learning for later — when the trainee starts work,” says Baxi.
Atelier started business around a year ago after Baxi and co-founder Jatinder Singh Bahrey met Jeyadev Parthasarathy at the Power of Ideas contest. Jeyadev, who was Baxi’s mentor during the contest, was impressed with his vision and signed up to join the company as a director for business development.
According to Parthasarathy, who has been with IIM-Ahmedabad’s Centre for Innovation, Incubation and Entrepreneurship, one of the virtues of simulation training is that it acknowledges the fact that today people are wary of exposing their ignorance or limitations in front of others.
“Nowadays trainees are cautious about voicing their doubts as they do not want to be seen as inferior in a group. I noticed that whenever I gave lectures on entrepreneurship, no one in my class would raise their hands but as soon as the lecture was over, they would meet me at the door to clarify their doubts.”
Show Your Game Face
Several start-ups are also selling gaming-based solutions for employee training, apart from medical and general education. Mumbai-based Indus Geeks sells gaming-based products worth around Rs 3-5 crore every year. Two years ago it collaborated with a US-based company to develop a gaming-based solution called CliniSpace to train medical students and paramedics.
A trainee nurse can log into the gaming programme and attend to virtual trauma cases, for instance. The game allows a paramedic to respond to an emergency and records her response to a life-and-death situation. If it is a guided programme, then the CliniSpace mentor would correct the paramedic at every step.
However, if the game is being used to test the ability of the paramedic at the end of a course, then it would respond only at the end of the session, when individual gamers would be awarded scores. The geek-in-chief of the company, Sidharth Banerjee, 31, is a college dropout. Banerjee says Indus Geeks’s platform Metamersive is used by companies to assess leadership potential and to improve the skills of their executives.
He recalls that a top IT company, for instance, had asked Indus Geeks to design a leadership-test game that would be played by their top executives across the world. “These executives based in Japan, South Korea, India and other parts of the world now regularly divide themselves into teams and compete to find virtual customers, to sell better to them and to improve their virtual margins,” he says.
The promoters of another well-known serious gaming company Vitabeans Neural Solutions have been invited to join a 14-nation cruise for the most promising technology companies in the world. Vitabeans has a platform that allows schoolchildren to play interactive games with their teachers that would help them learn better. These games mostly cater to students in Classes I to V.
“In one game, students wield a bat virtually and guide an incoming ball onto a glove behind the stumps. The teacher can change the friction and elasticity of the cricket ball. This would help students understand the basics of physics,” says BR Amruth, the 25-year-old founder of the company.
Despite the fact that most products being launched by simulation training and serious gaming companies have caught the attention of banks, schools and medical colleges, policymakers have yet to appreciate the potential of such tools.
Baxi says that recently, while participating in a meeting to chart out the role of technology in higher education, he proposed including serious games in the curriculum: “Most people did not know about serious games. Some asked me to explain. I think we are at an early stage in understanding the role of technology in education and other sectors.”
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5 mins read | <urn:uuid:25d2bc1c-1007-47b5-8cc8-eee723831c48> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/how-simulation-and-gaming-software-are-helping-companies-train-and-assess-new-recruits/articleshow/17258494.cms | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.967828 | 1,596 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Acrochordons or skin tags are commonly occurring conditions of the human body. They are typically a little darker or the same color as the skin. Blood vessels and collagen fibers make up skin tags, which are encased in the skin and joined to the rest of the skin by a stalk. They are innocuous and typically show up on the eyelids, neck, breast, armpits, stomach, and groin. Obese, pregnant, elderly, and/or diabetic people are more prone to acquiring skin tags. Although the specific etiology of skin tags is unknown, it is generally accepted that friction between skin folds or skin and clothing can contribute to their development. This article will give you all information about Skin Tag Removal in Islamabad, Pakistan.
Aim of Skin Tag Removal:
Removal of skin tags to boost your self-esteem and confidence is the primary aim. This is done to decrease the discomfort caused by those tags. Skin Tag Removal in Islamabad, Pakistan uses excision, freezing or burning and removes the tags.
Causes of Skin Tags:
- The human body consists of proteins of various types. Sometimes, the conversion of loose collagen into the form of skin tags surrounded by blood vessels. As this protein is present throughout the body tags can arise at any place of the body.
- Those people who are suffering from diabetes or those who are obese mostly suffer from this disease.
- The changes in hormone levels may also cause their development. Hence, those women who are pregnant are more likely to develop tags.
- There are certain areas in the body that rub against each other.
- Sometimes they do not have any apparent reason.
- Although it is not proven yet, it is highly likely that tags can be genetic. They are not genetic.
Do all Skin Tags Need Removal?
- All skin tags are harmless and do not pose any health issues. But removal becomes necessary if they are hurting your self-esteem.
- If they are coming out of clothes or if they are posing problems to the jewelry.
- Removal is an outpatient procedure.
How Skin Tags are Removed?
They are normally removed as an outpatient procedure. Freezing or burning off are two commonly employed methods. But these two procedures may cause skin discoloration temporarily. Irritation is another side effect. Surgery is another option. This process will cause a little bleeding. Details of some methods are as under
Surgical Procedures of Removal of Skin Tags:
It is normally thought and wished that tags would fall off on their own but this is not the case all the time. You must only choose a board-certified surgeon or dermatologist for the removal of tags. He will utilize various techniques for their removal.
Skin tag surgical removal is a frequent outpatient surgery. Depending on the size and location of the skin tag, your doctor may carry out one of the following procedures once local anesthesia has been applied to the area:
|Sr. No.||Procedure Name||Detail|
|1||Cauterization||The skin tag is removed by your doctor using heat.|
|2||Cryosurgery||Your physician applies a tiny amount of liquid nitrogen to the skin tag, which causes the growth to freeze off.|
|3||Electrocautery||This is burning off the skin tag by your doctor using a particular electric current. This type of procedure is used for those types of tags that are thicker.|
|4||Ligation||By using a surgical thread to stop the blood flow, skin tags can occasionally be removed.|
|5||Surgery||Your doctor will simply use surgical scissors to remove the skin tag from its base. The need for a bandage and stitches the skin tag’s size and position.|
|6||Laser||this is one of the most frequently employed methods of skin tags removal. The CO2 laser is the best method for eradicating skin tags. When it hits the damaged area, the intensely focused infrared light from this laser vaporizes. It is possible to remove dozens of tags in a single session that lasts for 15-20 minutes.|
Cost of Skin Tag Removal:
These non-cancerous growths are removed in outpatient. The cost of Skin Tag Removal in Islamabad, Pakistan may range from PKR 6500 to PKR 15000 the cost may depend on various factors like the locality of the clinic, the expertise of the dermatologist, etc. Remember that prices can change depending on your location, the treatments you need, and the price of office visits. Always consult with your doctor before choosing the technique that is right for you. Cost may also consists of the price of medications. They may consist of pain medicines or antibiotics.
Your insurance plan might pay the expense of removal if the growth is bleeding, irritates you, or restricts your ability to go about your everyday activities. Additionally, if your doctor advises sending the growth for testing, your insurance plan might pay some or all of the related expenses.
What To Do After the Removal of Skin Tags?
There are no special precautions. The scars left after the procedure will fade away with time.
- Covering of the area with antibiotic ointment.
- Cover the area with a bandage.
- Keep the wound dry for almost two days and after that wash it gently with water.
- Follow-up treatment is required in some cases.
- Pain can be managed by pain medications.
- Wound need to be kept clean.
It is very unlikely that you get the skin tag at the same area again. Yet if you have recurrence of tags then it means that your body is prone to tags at that place.
Benefits of Removing Skin Tags:
Some of the benefits of removal of skin tags are as under:
- Removal of any tags from visible portion of skin.
- This will give you a clear skin.
- Self-confidence boosting
- You will get even skin tone
Why I Should Go For Skin Tag Removal?
It is not always the case that you have to remove your skin tag immediately. But you may have to remove them at some parts of your life. Some of the reasons are given below that why you should see a dermatologist:
- Skin tags can be converted to skin cancers so treat them immediately
- If you remove skin tags in home, their is a chance of infection. But if a trained dermatologist does this then he will use sterile gadgets. So your chance of infection will be reduced.
- Although they are harmless, yet they can be irritating. So you must consider removing them.
Why Choose Us for Skin Tag Removal
Normally it is not required to remove skin tags all the times. But if you are planning to remove them then you must only consider a board-certified surgeon. Dr. Naveed Azhar is a well-known cosmetic surgeon in the field of Skin Tag Removal in Islamabad, Pakistan. Please book your appointment with Royal Cosmetic Surgery by calling us directly on the given number or by filling out the form below. | <urn:uuid:5bcfc833-e67c-4c57-9ec3-b166fab8e763> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.royalcosmeticsurgery.com.pk/skin-tag-removal.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.921168 | 1,451 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Myth: Assessed value should always equate market value.
Reality: While most states back the suggestion that assessed value is equal to estimated market value, this often is not the case. Often when interior remodeling has occurred and the assessor is not aware of the improvement or other houses in the Rome have not been reassessed for years or more, it may vary widely.
Myth: The appraised value of a property will change depending upon if the appraisal is conducted for the buyer or the seller.
Reality: There is no personal interest on the part of the appraiser in the result of the appraisal, therefore he will conduct his work with impartiality and independence, no matter of for whom the appraisal is conducted.
Myth: Market value will equal replacement cost.
Reality: The way market value is derived is based on what a buyer would likely pay a willing seller for a house without being under pressure from any outside party to purchase or sell. If the property were reconstructed, the dollar amount required to do so would form the replacement cost.
Myth: There are certain ways that appraisers use to show the cost of a property, like the price per square foot.
Reality: Appraisers complete a comprehensive analysis of all factors in consideration to the value of a property, including its location, condition, size, proximity to facilities and recent values of comparable homes.
Myth: As homes appreciate by a specific percentage - in a strong economy - the homes nearby are expected to increase by the same amount.
Reality: The appreciation of a specific home is always concluded on a case-by-case basis, factoring in information on comparable properties and other relevant considerations. This is true in good economic times as well as poor.
Myth: The property's outside is determinate of the actual value of the house; there is no need to do an interior inspection.
Reality: To find a definite value beyond all doubt, an appraiser must examine the house on a variety of factors based on location, condition, improvements, amenities, and market trends. An outside-only inspection obviously can't provide all of the data required.
Myth: Because consumers fund appraisals when applying for loans to purchase or refinance their house, they legally own their appraisal report.
Reality: Legally, the document is owned by the lending agency unless the lender releases their interest in the document. By the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, any home buyer asking for a copy of the document must be provided with it by their lending agency.
Myth: Consumers need not worry about what is in their report so long as it meets the necessities of their lending company.
Reality: A consumer should definitely look through their appraisal; there may be some questions or some concerns with the accuracy of the appraisal report that need to be addressed. Remember, this is probably the most expensive and important investment a consumer will ever make. There is a wealth of data contained in an appraisal that will probably be useful to the home buyer in the future, such as the legal and physical description of the property, square footage measurements, list of comparable properties in the neighborhood, neighborhood description and a narrative of current real-estate activity and/or market trends in the vicinity.
Myth: There is no reason to hire an appraiser unless you are trying to get an assessment of the value of a property during a sales transaction involving a lender.
Reality: Appraisers can have many different qualifications and designations which allow them to provide a series of different services including - but definitely not limited to - advice on estate planning, tax assessment, zoning, dispute resolution in many different legal situations and cost analysis.
Myth: There's no need to get an appraisal if you order a home inspection.
Reality: Appraisal reports are completely different than a home inspection. The task of the appraiser is to come to an opinion of value in the appraisal process and through producing the report. The purpose of a home inspector is to determine the condition of the house and its major components, then provide a report on these findings. | <urn:uuid:794699e1-6cc5-4260-b3a7-aff5917f682e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://michaelsmithappraisals.com/Myths | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.957761 | 832 | 2.171875 | 2 |
BeFunky has a massive library of vector graphics that are perfect for every project you can imagine. Whatever look you’re going for, we’ve got the perfect graphic for you. Whether you want to add vector graphics to your YouTube channel cover, create an infographic, add social media icons to your blog, or add stickers and overlays to your photos, you’ll find the perfect graphic for every situation. With the ability to personalize a mini graphic library for your needs that you can use across all of BeFunky, you will conquer any project you put your mind to. Click here to start browsing!
What Is a Vector Graphic?
A Vector graphic is an image not made up of a grid of pixels like JPGs, and GIFs; instead, vector graphics are comprised of paths, which are defined by a start and end point, along with other points, curves, and angles along the way. This is a technical way of saying that BeFunky’s entire graphic assortment is incredibly high resolution, you can resize them all you want and they will remain sharp and in focus. You will never have to sacrifice the quality of the graphic, even if you need it scaled to gigantic proportions.
How to Search Vector Graphics
The Graphics tab will be the same– whether you’re using the Photo Editor, Collage Maker, or Graphic Designer., no matter the project you’re working on, you’ll have access to every vector graphic in BeFunky’s entire library. Simply click on the Graphics tab on the left side of your canvas and you will be met with a search bar to find the perfect graphic for your creation. Here are a few ways to find the graphic that will fit your needs:
Search by Popular Tags
Every graphic in the expansive library is tagged for easy searching. Once you click on the search bar, a page will pull up with some popular graphics, but also a collection of popular tags. From social media logos to assorted arrows, and everything in between, there is a tag for you. Simply click on the term that is calling to you, and the graphics selection will display those tagged with that descriptor. Click on the graphics that you may want to use, and then close the search box by clicking the X in the upper right corner of the interface.
Search by Term
If you have something specific in mind, and you don’t want to scroll through the popular tags menu to find it, you can type in your keyword into the search bar. Since every vector graphic is tagged, this will enable you to search a specific word and have a selection of what you’re looking for being pulled up. The broader the term, the more results will appear, but you can get more specific with your search and it will narrow down your results. When you find the graphics you want to use, simply click on the results and they will automatically be added to the Your Graphics section.
Add Your Own
If you’ve got your very own set of graphics, logos, or icons stored on your computer, you can use those in your BeFunky projects too! Just click on the Computer button in the Graphics tab, select your files, and watch them appear in the Your Graphics section. Now you can find all the graphics you need for any project, quicker than ever!
How to Access Your Graphics for Photos, Collages, and Designs
The Your Graphics section of the Graphics tab will have the graphics you select saved and ready for your use. You are able to add your graphics to your projects in a few ways, either double-click the thumbnails beneath the Your Graphics section or simply drag and drop them onto your canvas. Once the graphics have been added to your canvas, you can click on them to pull up the Graphic Properties menu, where you can make changes to the graphics like changing their color of them or adjusting the opacity. When you have the graphic selected, circles will appear around the graphic. These can be used to resize and rotate them however you please. Remember, since all of our graphics are in vector format, you can make them as large or small as you want without losing a pixel of resolution.
How to Manage Your Graphics Library
The best thing about BeFunky’s vector graphics is that once you add any graphic to the Your Graphics section, you can access them seamlessly across BeFunky. If you want to use the same graphics on a design in the Designer, a photo in the Photo Editor, and a collage in the Collage Maker, the Your Graphics section will feature the same graphics and icons you’ve added. You can create your very own mini-library of graphics for quick and easy access across BeFunky. Removing graphics from the Your Graphics section is as easy as hovering over the thumbnail and clicking the X in the bottom right corner. This way, you can always have control over which graphics you want quick access to.
Create Your Own Vector Graphic Library Today
BeFunky has made it easy to create your own graphics library that you can access across BeFunky. In just a few clicks you can personalize and customize what graphics you want quick access to for any project. Click here to get started creating your own mini-graphic library! | <urn:uuid:ec6efb73-fd4f-4fe0-b15b-160b58b91cd8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.befunky.com/learn/vector-images/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.930012 | 1,084 | 1.5 | 2 |
Women are increasingly serving in leadership roles which not only benefits society, but it’s also good for business. Celebrating successful and confident female leaders helps set the stage for future generations of women.
The number of active-duty women in the military has increased drastically, but half say they’re struggling with re-entry. By supporting women during and following their service, we can pave the way for more female American heroes.
Women today vote at higher rates than men, but less than 25% of elected officials in Congress are female. Let’s honor the legacy of those who bravely fought for equality and continue to promote a more fair and just society where every woman’s voice is heard.
Media impacts the way women and girls see themselves, yet the average depiction in the media today is not representative of the female population. By celebrating diversity and portraying women honestly, we can help inspire women to reach their potential.
The 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo are expected to be the most gender-balanced yet. Sports help build confidence, leadership skills, and collaboration. From traditional team sports to hiking outdoors, there are countless ways to tap into your inner athlete.
While women have historically made significant contributions in science, technology, engineering and math, the lack of gender diversity in STEM fields is still an issue. By encouraging girls to pursue science careers, we will help build a pipeline for future women in STEM. | <urn:uuid:9115f99f-fdf6-44c2-bc19-b8f82103677c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.themoreyouseeher.com/resources/tmysh | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.951538 | 317 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Click Here to See a Film about Nicollet’s Map
Joseph N. Nicollet
1786 - 1843
By Martha Coleman Bray
author of "Joseph N. Nicollet and His Map"
Joseph Nicolas Nicollet was born on July 29, 1786, in the mountain village of Cluses in the alpine province of Savoy, France. His family was well established but had lost much when the French Revolutionary troops invaded Savoy in 1792. Young Joseph, described as having ''lively eyes," was a promising student whose gift for mathematics earned him a scholarship at the Jesuit college in Chambery. During the era of Napoleon, Nicollet was appointed professor and astronomer at the Royal Observatory in Paris where he soon made his reputation both in astronomy and what was then called ''physical geography." He discovered a comet and was involved not only in mapping, but in all the studies of the planet earth.
His promising career, however, was cruelly blocked by the turbulent politics of France before the revolution of 1830 and by another revolution in science - the introduction of the new laboratory science of physics which would dominate the next century. In 1832, disappointed by the loss of honors he deserved and hurt by financial reverses beyond his control (a sadness of which he never spoke of again), he sailed, alone and penniless, from the port of Brest for the United States where his talents and knowledge were needed. He came with the bold, but unformed, plan of mapping the great valley of the Mississippi River.
Although thirty years had passed since Lewis and Clark had reached the Pacific Ocean, the vast country beyond the Mississippi was still waiting to be mapped. The coastal waters had not been surveyed and even the location of Washington, D.C. had not yet been accurately determined.
When Nicollet arrived in Washington, he was 46 year- old. Far from the stereotype of a frontier explorer, he was slightly built, a lively and sociable man, fond of music and a welcome guest wherever he went. Although he had no money, his reputation brought him help from many scientists, who, like himself, had come to the New World to seek a challenge and a future denied to them in the old.
Because of cholera on the steam boats, he could not reach St. Louis. The next four years were spent traveling from Baltimore to New Orleans, where he was received by hospitable French citizens who had fled the recent slave uprising in present-day Haiti. These years were an integral part of his work on the plains and prairies and an interesting chapter of American history, but now we must follow him at last to St. Louis, the ''Queen City'' of the West.
In St. Louis, the "Queen City" of the West, he gained the support for his plan from the American Fur Company and set off, finally, up the big river to Fort Snelling in Minnesota. The fort's commandant, Major Taliaferro, became his friend but was persuaded, it seems, by his wife to set this determined Frenchman on his way to the headwaters of the Mississippi River.
On July 29, 1836, he set out in a canoe, accompanied only by an Ojibway chief named Chagobay, his nine-year-old son and a half-French guide named Brunia. While making difficult computations at night, he wrote with poetic feeling and often humor of his adventures and his fondness for the Ojibway families. His enduring friendship with Chagobay marked the beginning of his unique rapport with Native Americans.
He spent the winter at Fort Snelling where, through Chagobay, he was able to observe and record ceremonies to which no other white man had been admitted. He completed his map which corrected a very serious error made by Zebulon Pike in 1805. That error placed the mouth of the Crow Wing River too far to the west, making all western maps inaccurate. Thus, on his return to Washington, he was appointed to lead the newly formed Corps of Topographical Engineers in an expedition to map the land between the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. All western maps would depend on this.
Nicollet was offered a military escort for this expedition, but he refused, accepting only 23-year-old John Charles Fremont
, later of Rocky Mountain fame, as his assistant. The party set out on July 9, 1838, from Traverse des Sioux escorted by Joseph Renville, Jr. This was significant as Nicollet's whole enterprise depended upon the hospitality of the senior Renville, who might dictate its success or failure from his trading post at Lac qui Parle. Many descendants of Renville still live in the land around the Nicollet Tower. The guide was Joseph LaFromboise, a half French, half Native American agent for the American Fur Company. On the Fourth of July, Nicollet and his party carved their initials on a rock at the Pipestone Quarry, now a national park. Here he pursued his interest in Native myths by listening to ''the old ones”.
On July 11, 1839, Nicollet and Fremont set out on a second expedition from Fort Pierre (South Dakota) to Devils Lake (North Dakota) and back along the Coteau des Prairies to the spot very near where the Nicollet Tower stands today. One of the murals on the wall of the Interpretive Center depicts a significant meeting between Nicollet and the chief of the Yanktons, Wanatan. The guide of this expedition was Louison Freniere, who also has many descendants still living in this area.
On September 11, 1839, Nicollet left the prairies with regret. Already an ill man, he died before his report to the Senate was published in 1843. His interest in the watersheds of this district was far ahead of his time and his map was among the first in the world to depict by hachuring the heights of land, measured painstakingly with the barometer. His map is also our only source for many of the original Native American placenames we cherish today. This tower was built with the cooperation of the Dakota people.
Joseph N. Nicollet Tower and Interpretive Center
A book about 19th-century explorer Joseph N. Nicollet, published in 1976 by the Minnesota Historical Society Press, sparked a dream that was fulfilled Oct.5, 1991, with the dedication of the Nicollet Tower and adjacent interpretive center on the Coteau des Prairies, near Sisseton.
Harold L. Torness, a banker and lifelong resident of the northeastern South Dakota town of Sisseton, was so fascinated by the book Joseph N. Nicollet on the Plains and Prairies: The Expeditions of 1838-39 with Journals, Letters, and Notes on the Dakota Indians that he spearheaded a $335-thousand fund-raising campaign to build a monument to the explorer. In a breathtaking view from the top of the tower, visitors can see the states of South Dakota, North Dakota, and Minnesota, six counties, 11 communities and the Continental Divide. An adjacent 2,400-square-foot interpretive center has displays and classroom space.
In the 1960's and '70's Martha C. Bray and Edmund C. Bray of St. Paul, MN translated and edited the detailed journals of Nicollet, which were written in French. In 1976, the Minnesota Historical Society Press published their book Joseph N. Nicollet on the Plains and Prairies.
Upon readingthe book, Torness became captivated by the man who mapped and named the regions he knew so well. Torness was particularly struck that Nicollet referred to the Coteau des Prairies hills area as the highlight of his exploration and proclaimed the valley as viewed from the hills: ''magnificent and indescribably beautiful.”
Alan Woolworth, a Minnesota Historical Society research fellow and Indian history scholar, advised Torness on the project. ''I’m just amazed with the speed at which this moved ahead and how all the community groups that shared an interest in it really pulled together,'' he said during an interview. ''This project became a focal point for Indians and whites to work together and continue to do so. In addition to honoring Nicollet's work and interpreting Indian history, the tower provides a tremendous view of the Coteau des Prairies.''
In the early 1840s, Nicollet published the first accurate map of the U.S. interior, which became the basis for all subsequent maps of this area until the era of modern surveys. Nicollet named many of the places he identified on the map with the names used by Dakota Indians in recognition of their invaluable assistance during the explorations.
''Nicollet had an overwhelming human appeal to him, and he had a great empathy for the Indian and their culture,” Woolworth said. ''He had a great interest in Indian place names and in preserving them on his map. In 1964, Woolworth found the original engraved copper plates for the 1843 version of Nicollet's famous map at the Lakes Survey in Detroit, Mich. The Minnesota Historical Society Press then published the map, titled Hydrographical Basin of the Upper Mississippi River.
With the help of Andre Fertey, who translated Nicollet's 1836-37 journals, Martha Bray edited The Journals of Joseph N. Nicollet: A Scientist on the Mississippi Headwaters With Notes on Indian Life, 1836-37 Published in 1970 by the Minnesota Historical Society Press.
We invite you to see the Nicollet Tower and Interpretive Center which contains the Great Nicollet Map, 10 murals by John S. Wilson, and the film “Dakota Encounters”. From the tower you can see the spectacular view of the Continental Divide, the Coteau des Prairies and the ancient glacial valley. | <urn:uuid:47e8dc3f-8a01-43cf-a643-f05f40208b4e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sissetonmuseum.com/nicollet-tower | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.974858 | 2,029 | 3.4375 | 3 |
1976 - Lanskoy dies in Paris on August 22.
1974 - Lanskoy creates a mosaic for the Rennes Faculty of Sciences.
1959 - André Lanskoy creates the coloured illustrations for the published work by Pierre Lecuire called "Cortege".
1958 - Lanskoy creates a tapestry for the "SS France" steamship.
1952 - Lanskoy participates in the "French Art” exhibition in Lausanne. Over the next 20 years, museums from all over the world including the most prestigious galleries exhibit his works.
1951 - Lanskoy creates tapestries at the Picaud Gallery in Aubusson.
1944 - Lanskoy meets Louis Carré with whom he works for 16 years. This same year, Lanskoy meets Nicolas de Staël. It is the beginning of a friendship which will unite the two artists until the death of Staël in 1955.
1940 - Lanskoy leaves figurative art to work with abstract art. In 1944, the Jeanne Bucher Gallery exhibits Lanskoy’s non-figurative paintings for the first time.
1925 - Wilhem Uhde purchases the entire set of Lanskoy’s artistic output and introduces him to the Bing Gallery with whom the artist signs a 2-year contract.
1923 - Lanskoy exhibits at the Licorne Gallery with the "Russian Group": Soutine, Bart and Térechkovitch).
1921 - Lanskoy settles permanently in Paris and begins to paint nature. He creates a lot of sketches with pencil and watercolour.
1908 - The Lanskoy family moves to Saint-Petersberg, then to Kiev in 1919 where Lanskoy enlists into the White Army.
1902 - Lanskoy is born in Moscow
1925 - Gallery Bing, Paris, France.
1944 - Gallery Jeanne Bucher, Paris, France.
1952 - Gallery Louis Carré, Paris, France.
1956 - Fine Arts Associates Gallery, New-York, USA.
1959 - Albert Loeb Gallery, New-York, USA.
1961 - Athenee Museum, Geneva, Switzerland.
1968 - Museum of Art, Saint-Etienne, France.
1975 - Benelux Gallery, Brussels, Belgium.
1984 - Gallery Wintersberger, Paris, France.
1989 - Alexandre Kahan Fine Arts, New-York, USA.
1990 - Gallery Louis Carré, Paris, France.
1959 - "Lanskoy" by Jean Grenier, Ed. Gallimard.
1958 - "Lanskoy et ses champs de couleurs", by Pierre Guéguen, Ed. XX siècle.
1960 - "Lanskoy, être coloriste, c'est un luxe" from Yvon Taillandier, Ed. Calmann-Lévy.
1990 - "Lanskoy" by Pascaline Dron, Ed. Pittiglio.
1957 - "Lanskoy, ébauche d'un portrait" by Gindertael, Ed. Louis Carré. | <urn:uuid:260127d8-03d4-4eb0-af4d-3c8566634e86> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.amorosart.com/prints-lanskoy-705-1.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.772528 | 670 | 2.578125 | 3 |
ABC Radio National
‘Shell shock: a century of silence‘, Big Ideas, 25 April 2016
The affects and significance of shell shock have been underplayed for a century, according to Yale emeritus professor, Jay Winter. (Professor Winter is also associated with Monash University.) He looks at the incidence of shell shock during World War I and says it was far more common than has been suggested by medical and other historical records. This material was first broadcast in September 2015. Audio but no transcript. | <urn:uuid:8dde3f33-93b4-4f1f-b5f3-660ae5dcc60c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://honesthistory.net.au/wp/abc-radio-national-big-ideas-shell-shock-a-century-of-silence/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.975698 | 103 | 1.84375 | 2 |
What Is Dysmenorrhea And How Can I Deal With It?
Dysmenorrhea is a medical condition that involves painful menstrual periods. Learn more about this common condition and what you can do if you have it.
Do you dread your periods because they are associated with mild to severe pain? Do you spend a lot of time curled up in bed or doubled over with cramps every time “Aunt Flo” comes to visit? If so, you’re probably dealing with the effects of primary dysmenorrhea. If you’re wondering, “What is dysmenorrhea?” you’ll be interested to know that this common condition is estimated to affect as many as 90% of women!
Primary dysmenorrhea is a condition that is typified by painful menstruation and cramps. It is a very common cause of missing school or work. It can also lead to a reduced quality of life. Dysmenorrhea often overlaps with premenstrual syndrome. Though some of us may think we’re doomed to experience painful menstrual periods, there are steps we can take to decrease our pain each month. Let’s talk about the things we can do to reduce our menstrual cramps and increase our quality of life.
What Is Dysmenorrhea?
There are two types of dysmenorrhea: primary and secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea is caused by the menstruation process itself instead of some other disease. Painful uterine contractions that occur right before or during menstruation are often due to primary dysmenorrhea.
Typically, females begin to experience primary dysmenorrhea when they’re still adolescents and their journey to womanhood has just begun. For some, menstrual cramps stay in the mild to moderate range or are only present off and on for one or two days during their period. For others, period pain is severe, persistent, and accompanied by a heavy menstrual flow.
The sad thing about primary dysmenorrhea is that it is drastically underdiagnosed (and thus undertreated). That means there are millions of women and girls who are suffering from intense period pain right now and don’t know what to do about it. But we want to change that, one woman at a time!
Secondary dysmenorrhea is due to some physical cause other than menstruation. Women who experience secondary menstruation have some type of underlying condition causing their pelvic pain. Some of the most common underlying causes for secondary dysmenorrhea include endometriosis, uterine fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease, abnormal pregnancies (such as ectopic pregnancies or miscarriages), and infections or polyps in the pelvic cavity.
Do All Women Experience Menstrual Cramps?
Not all women experience painful cramps, though women who have no period pain at all are probably rarer than unicorns. Remember that as many as 90% of women experience primary dysmenorrhea at some point in their lives, which means that most women experience menstrual cramps to some degree.
Women with primary dysmenorrhea often experience decreased period cramps as they age. For some women, the severity of their monthly menstrual cramps improves significantly after giving birth to their first baby.
What Are the Causes of Dysmenorrhea?
We briefly mentioned some of the things that can cause secondary dysmenorrhea (including endometriosis, abnormal pregnancies, and pelvic inflammatory disease). But what causes primary dysmenorrhea?
Researchers are still trying to understand why some women experience severe pain during their periods while others seem to skate through their menstrual cycles with ease. Evidence suggests that women with primary dysmenorrhea have an imbalance of the hormone-like chemical called prostaglandin. This is the chemical that controls how and when the uterus contracts.
When prostaglandin levels are too high, the result is often severe cramps. By bringing this chemical into balance along with the other important female hormones, you may be able to reduce your period pain every month.
Other risk factors for intense menstrual cramping include:
- Just starting your period
- Heavy menstrual bleeding
- Being under the age of 20
- Being a heavy smoker or drinker
- Being overweight
Even though the above characteristics can increase your likelihood of experiencing severe period pain due to primary dysmenorrhea, doctors aren’t 100% certain why some women experience painful menstrual cramps while others don’t.
What Does Dysmenorrhea Feel Like?
Dysmenorrhea can feel different for different women. Some women report that intense pelvic pain is the most obvious symptom. For other women, the pain is accompanied by heavy menstrual bleeding and other symptoms such as muscle aches during period. Here is a list of some of the most common dysmenorrhea symptoms reported by women:
- Pain in the lower back
- Menstrual pain and cramping
- Pain radiating down the legs
Whether your symptoms include one or multiple items from the above list, painful periods are not inevitable. With lifestyle changes or treatments, you could experience a pain-free menstrual cycle.
What Are the Effects of Dysmenorrhea on Your Body?
Dysmenorrhea (whether it’s caused by underlying medical conditions or not) can take a huge toll on your body. The stress of dealing with chronic, cyclical pain can lead to fatigue and an increased risk of certain health conditions.
If your dysmenorrhea is caused by an underlying health condition like endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease, there could be a lot of destruction going on internally without your knowledge.
Endometriosis is a condition that happens when the same type of tissue that makes up your uterine lining begins growing outside of your uterus (in your abdominal cavity). This tissue could surround your fallopian tubes and other reproductive organs and lead to infertility. Endometriosis often causes severe period pain in the days leading up to your menstrual period.
Like endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease can cause extremely painful periods. Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection within a woman’s reproductive tract. It can stem from sexually transmitted infections as well as infections that are not sexually transmitted. If it isn’t treated by a qualified healthcare provider, PID can lead to infertility problems and long-term pelvic pain.
How Can I Handle Severe Pain and When Should I See a Doctor?
Painful periods may be common, but they are not indicative of a healthy reproductive system. The good news is that you don’t have to live with severe menstrual pain. Many women are surprised to learn that every period doesn’t have to be a painful period. There are things you can try and treatments you can receive to provide pain relief.
Birth control is a popular method for reducing menstrual pain. But it can also impact your menstrual cycle and may lead to issues getting pregnant if you take it for too long. There are different types of hormonal birth control, and some may be better than others for reducing menstrual cramps. IUDs may have the opposite effect for some women and cause even more painful periods. To avoid these problems, some women might prefer to take natural supplements that can help them achieve optimal hormonal balance.
If you have an underlying health condition like endometriosis or uterine fibroids, you’ll want to talk to your doctor about available treatment methods.
At-home dysmenorrhea treatment suggestions include:
- Getting regular exercise
- Taking OTC pain relievers as necessary
- Soaking in a hot bath
- Applying a heating pad to the area
- Managing stress more effectively
- Taking supplements such as Hertime to bring hormones back into proper balance
You may also experience some pain relief by switching to a healthy diet that focuses on whole foods and avoids heavily processed and sugary foods.
How Can Hertime Help Me?
Hertime is the best-kept secret for reducing menstrual cycle pain. Formulated with Siberian ginseng, milk thistle, white peony, and other herbs known to support female reproductive health, this product can transform your periods and help you reclaim your quality of life.
Want more information about reducing period pain and other related topics? Take some time out of your busy day and hang out with us over here at Mixhers resources. | <urn:uuid:69d54e59-ad36-46b8-a69f-368749c005c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mixhers.com/blogs/resources/what-is-dysmenorrhea-and-how-can-i-deal-with-it | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.944313 | 1,752 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Dark, rain and Covid. Challenging times but great times for doing research. We got some help from brilliant students and that speeds things up.
1 Route extraction:
We collected a lot of tracks in our 400m2 office area with 15 WiFi APs and 31 BLE beacons. Now let’s see if we can use these tracks for something. We developed a method to combine all these tracks to main paths then extract nodes from the data. As you can see above the “route extractor” works on any positioning data, no matter how noisy. But as always, good positioning data in gives a good result out. Thus using more accurate RTT measurements instead of just RSSI measurements improves the extracted routes. But still amazing that main paths can be extracted automatically this way. Automatic extraction of these paths is a must for being able to do global indoor navigation.
2. RTT studies:
RTT measurements show a strange behaviour. Seems like we get reflections from walls, floor and roof which sometimes gives wrong distance measurements that we would like to detect to remove. Then our researcher at Lund University came up with the idea of let’s try and use these outlier distance measurements to estimate the room and the walls. Could it be done?
As we can calculate the transmitter and receiver location from good measurements, we could estimate the location of the walls by looking at the outlier data received. See picture below. Blue circles shows where a reflection should happen for the outlier measurements. Many blue lines indicates a wall and the best estimate of walls is the green box. Not perfect, but still better than expected!
We have decided to revise the project schedule and prolong the project to end September 2021. So more to come.
Now a well deserved Christmas holiday. Best wishes for the new year and let’s it is much better than 2020.
Stay safe and stay tuned! | <urn:uuid:fb9f74b3-163d-46fe-b285-557823ae0d62> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://sercpos.combain.com/phase-3-automatic-route-extraction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.931017 | 392 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Remove the source of the smell
When we do an odor removal treatment we tailor each service to the specific needs of that home. Some smells are easy to remove and others are embedded into the walls, carpet, and all porous areas.
The first step to exterminating a smell is to deep clean your home. This will remove all surface contaminants and prep the home for ozone shock therapy. Our maids will clean every surface top to bottom as must be able to penetrate into all surfaces of the home. Laundry piles or general clutter will be cleaned up and moved out of the way. Next, we will use a UV light to look for organic residue leftover such as cat urine. If this is found we will need to use an enzyme treatment to remove the bacteria and uric acid. We also suggest having all carpets shampooed prior to treatment.
Ozone Shock Treatment
Probiotic Fogging Treatment
During an Ozone shock treatment, we use Ozone generators to produce ozone by adding energy to oxygen molecules (O2), which cause the oxygen atoms to separate and temporarily recombine with other O2 molecules creating ozone (O3). This process occurs naturally by both the sun and by lightening.
The ozone in a room is measured by parts per million. By raising the ozone to above 6 PPM we are able to remove odors and disinfect without the use of chemicals.
Ozone (O3) attacks the cell from the outside weakening the exterior and destroying it entirely.
Ozone shock treatments are typically used for odor removal, disinfection, mold remediation, and more.
We can remove smells such as cigarettes, pet odor, messy tenants, human odor in enclosed spaces, urine or feces, curry, mildew, mold, marijuana smoke, skunk spray, food smells, gasoline odors, odors leftover after a biohazard cleanup.
Have you ever smelled the fresh air after a lightning storm? That's Ozone!
With the use of probiotic fogging solutions we can eradicate smells and bacteria in an all natural way. Penetrating every space and leaving behind healthy bacteria to continue removing organic materials which can leave behind bad odors around your home. | <urn:uuid:4e5d5ee8-7a6d-42dd-86a8-97ac97a02335> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.509packandclean.com/odor-removal | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.91651 | 457 | 1.765625 | 2 |
“Waterdrop” is a typeface generated by processing, which decreases legibility to hide information. The intention is to encourage people to share their lives without worrying about privacy and with a sense of security.
People can type in really private messages and use this font to distort their messages and decide how obscure these messages are themselves. They can even transform those secret messages into wallpapers that no one else can read.
The Waterdrop alphabet
When the diaries are typed, they will become "Waterdrop" fonts.
The sizes and colors can be changed variously and become more invisible. Those secret records can be classified patterns.
The data of font is firstly measured manually and input into Processing. | <urn:uuid:00dc07d7-fc76-48ed-a9ac-460cc104a577> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.yashengzhang.nl/waterdrop | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.924732 | 156 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Macrothamnion pellucidum (Harvey) Wollaston 1968
Macrothamnion pellucidum (Harvey) Wollaston 1968: 329, fig. 25
Published in: Wollaston, E.M. (1968). Morphology and taxonomy of Southern Australian genera of Crouanieae Schmitz (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta). Australian Journal of Botany 16: 217-417, 42 figs, 10 pls, 1 table.
This is the type species (holotype) of the genus Macrothamnion.
Status of Name
This name is of an entity that is currently accepted taxonomically.
Spyridia pellucida Harvey
Type locality: Georgetown, Tasmania; (Harvey 1844: 449-450) Lectotype: Gunn 1305; Herb. Harvey, TCD; (Womersley 1998: 124)
Origin of Species Name
Adjective (Latin), pellucid, translucent but not hyaline (Stearn 1973).
This is a marine species.
Created: 23 January 1998 by M.D. Guiry.
Last updated: 16 October 2015
Verification of Data
Users are responsible for verifying the accuracy of information before use, as noted on the website Content page.
Linking to this page: https://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=3110
Cite this record as:
M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 16 October 2015. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. https://www.algaebase.org; searched on 15 August 2022 | <urn:uuid:1adb6439-7ad3-4bfd-9c91-ecdbb651c88f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=Z4fac5c28f65ece44 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.725913 | 396 | 2.328125 | 2 |
COMMON NAME: Lavender Hyssop, Anise Hyssop, Anise Mint, Licorice Mint
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Agastache foeniculum – The first part comes from Greek words
for “much” and “grain stalk” in reference to the flower spikes. Foeniculum is the
diminutive form of a Latin word meaning “hay” in reference to the smell.
FLOWER: 3-6 inch spikes of purple flowers in dense whorls
BLOOMING PERIOD: July to September
SIZE: 1 to 3 feet tall
BEHAVIOR: This is a biennial plant (blooms the second year). It seeds easily and
also spreads by rhizomes. It’s an excellent plant for open woodland and savannas,
as well as gardens and prairies. Note the square stems.
SITE REQUIREMENTS: Grows easily in average, well-drained soils in full sun to part
shade, but best in full sun. Not recommended for clay soils.
NATURAL RANGE: Northern United States, especially in Minnesota, North Dakota
and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. In Wisconsin it is found in Dane County but is
most common in the northern sandy counties.
SPECIAL FEATURES: The leaves are anise scented, white underneath. Flowers
attract bees, butterflies and hummingbirds. The flowers can also be dried and used
in permanent dried arrangements. Dried leaves are used in teas and potpourris. It
seems that the anise scent repels mammals so it is deer resistant.
SUGGESTED CARE: Water well to get established, but then the plants tolerate dry to
medium moisture. Deadhead spent flowers to promote additional bloom.
COMPANION PLANTS: White prairie clover, large Solomon’s seal, brown-eyed
Susan, heart-leafed golden alexander, coreopsis, bergamot, spiderwort, wild | <urn:uuid:13344ef8-459e-457b-951a-92ad5b369e92> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://foamadison.org/plant-info-sheets/agastache-foeniculum-lavender-hyssop/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.876723 | 436 | 2.875 | 3 |
Cerebral Spinal Fluid Management Market size is anticipated to gain remarkable momentum between 2022 and 2028. This is due to the increasing use of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis or tests to diagnose meningitis and other infectious diseases of the spinal cord and brain. The strong prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in countries including the United States will also stimulate the need for cerebrospinal fluid leak management devices in the coming years. CSF refers to a clear, colorless liquid that protects the brain and spinal cord by acting like a cushion against injury or sudden impact. This liquid can remove waste products from the brain to ensure the proper functioning of the central nervous system. Varied CSF management devices are used to manage the raised intracranial pressure through the safe elimination of cerebrospinal fluid from ventricles of the lumbar spine or brain.
Rising burden of congenital hydrocephalus among infants will foster market trends during the forecast period. This condition occurs in one or two of every 1,000 infants born in the U.S., according to Johns Hopkins Medicine’s data, which could drive the popularity of cerebrospinal fluid physiology worldwide. Likewise, the potential increase in the incidence rate of brain tumors in the UK will generate further growth opportunities for the overall industry in the coming years, as the growth of brain tumors is associated with CSF leaks through the brain covering.
Considering patient type, the geriatric segment is set to account for a considerable share in the CSF management market by 2028. Growth from the segment is a result of the higher risk of antinuclear antibodies among older people, which is commonly related to autoimmune disorders. As the CSF tests for these disorders are used to identify the levels of protein in cerebrospinal fluid, the disease prevalence could impel product demand among the elderly population. Additionally, the emergence of malignant gliomas as a common primary brain tumor in geriatric people will further augment the deployment of cerebrospinal fluid management systems in the coming years.
The Asia Pacific CSF management market will register a high revenue by 2028, attributed to the robust presence of neurosurgeons in developed economies and the rapid expansion of elderly population. According to the WHO, the population of people aged 60 years or above is expected to reach 28% by 2040 in China. These aforesaid factors, along with the strong prevalence of Japanese encephalitis in the country, will contribute to regional growth during the forecast timeframe.
The competitive landscape of the market comprises companies such as Spiegelberg, Sophysa, Medtronic, Integra LifeSciences, Dispomedica, DePuy Synthes Companies (Johnson & Johnson), BeckerSmith Medical, and B. Braun Melsungen. These companies are focusing on new service launches, business expansions, acquisitions, and mergers to strengthen their footprint across the competitive market.
In the wake of the coronavirus pandemic, healthcare systems worldwide have witnessed severe disruptions owing to the financial crisis and the delay in specialty healthcare delivery while prioritizing COVID-19-related treatments. The crisis and its resultant impacts have also led to a decline in cancer care or a delay in tumor surgery worldwide. Such factors may have asserted a negative influence on the industry over the past months. However, the industry may regain traction over the forthcoming years, given the emerging cases of CSF leaks among people who have undergone nasal swab testing for coronavirus, owing to injury at the base of the skull.
Market, By Product
Market, By Patient Type
Market, By End-use
The above information is provided for the following regions and countries: | <urn:uuid:7a874b4a-250a-4c08-bb76-6a65cc6c418c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/cerebral-spinal-fluid-csf-management-market | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.92507 | 755 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Meta-cognition (or thinking about thinking) is a crucial part of learning. As a staff team, we have used Guy Claxton's model, 'The 4 Rs', and have adapted it to create our very own 'HERO' concept.
Our children are very familiar with using this language to talk about their learning. Each week in assembly, a child from each class (Year 1 to Year 6) is identified and celebrated as a Learning Hero for excelling in one of these areas. In order to further develop our learning skills, we have introduced the 17 aspects which relate to the four main areas. | <urn:uuid:b2679d2b-8542-44df-855e-58f8be3d4c68> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.quarrymount.leeds.sch.uk/page.php?id=5783 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.97049 | 137 | 2.875 | 3 |
Logic Design for Array-Based Circuits
Copyright © 1996, 2001, 2002 Donnamaie E. White
Last Edit July 22, 2001
eLearning - Next Best Thing
When I first composed this text, back in the early 1990s, little did I realize how much the industry would leap forward. None of us were prepared for the advance of the Internet, although e-mail had been with the engineering community since the 1960s and FTP had been in use since at least that time. HTML burst upon the scene and several of us clicked on the concept of "living" classrooms on the web almost instantly. In 2001, Harvard put its entire curriculum on-line (for free). Cadence has put all of its technical training classes on-line (for a fee). Synopsys has begun to put its technical training on the web.
The industry has spawned expensive-to-produce CD ROM training, which has not been widely accepted, page-turners (PowerPoint presentations with/without audio and with/without video assist, "live" webcasts or update training, and fully-integrated, true computer-based instruction.
The goal is to have "living" technical material that can be updated faster than the two-year cycle for a technical book or the six-month cycle of a technical journal. The web is immediate.
This author has just completed the conversion of the Synopsys Advanced Chip Synthesis 3-day lecture-lab Workshop into the Advanced Chip Synthesis eLearning Workshop, hosted at Vitalect. This is the first of several planned course conversions. The workshops will still be available in ILT form (Instructor Led Training) as well.
There is a free on-line Advanced Chip Synthesis Demo featuring one of the workshop Units. You can view the demo at Vitalect but your browser must be configured with RealAudio and Flash for proper display of animations and to hear the audio scripts. Vitalect features a "Set-Up" page to help you.
Training Classes - Historical Review
ASIC, library and EDA vendors offer training classes where the array product and its peripheral requirements for design submission are presented in intense two to five day seminars and workshops. Because of the structure of a class, the array vendor can attempt to ensure that important issues are discussed or at least brought to the attention of the designers. This reduces the problems that could occur during the acceptance review of the design submission which shortens the first-time design cycle.
AMCC - Applied Micro Circuits Corporation - offered a three-day array design class and a two-day workshop workstation lab class to its customers. This class was taught for seven years, using the same methodology for a range of evolving products: Bipolar Q700 Series, Q1500, QH1500, Q3500 Series, Q5000 Series, Q20000 Series; CMOS Q6000 Series, Q6000A Series, Q9000 Series; BiCMOS Q14000 Series; and Q24000 Series.
The workstations covered included the Daisy Logician (now obsolete) Dazix SUN, VALID SCALD (now obsolete), Valid SUN and Mentor on Apollo. Simulators include Tegas 5 (discontinued at AMCC), Lasar 6 and Verilog. The seminar was also taught at UCSD - University of California at San Diego - as an extension graduate engineering class with credit.
The range of series and the variability of the platforms and tools listed for just one vendor demonstrates some of the problems associated with maintaining currency.
Vendor-Independent Training - the Design Flow
With the range of technologies and array families within any technology and the number of workstations, platforms and simulators that support them, a basic design methodology was developed at AMCC to ensure a successful design the first time.
This design flow is reflected in the wide variety of design tools and customer education classes offered at Synopsys and Cadence, the two biggest EDA firms. At this moment Synopsys is the industry leader in synthesis tools (Design Compiler, Module CompilerBehaviorial Compiler, Designware Foundation, RTL Analyzer, etc. ) and Cadence is the leader in Place and Route tools (Gate Ensemble, Silicon Ensemble).
The same flow is represented in the design-reuse concept supported by Synopsys and other companies. The flow is used with little variation for the design of a full chip (core and I/O) and for the design of an IP module (core-only).
The methods have been developed and tested with hundreds of designs. Any problems seen on submissions and prototypes can usually be traced back to some violation of the stated design methodology.
In addition to AMCC and its arrays and the Synopsys CBA Design System, design manuals from other vendors were obtained and reviewed to verify that the basic approach is generic, i.e., technology and vendor independent.
Once a structured design methodology was developed, it was imperative that the presentation be consistent across several instructors. Class notes, usually in the form of slides or overheads, are merely topical outlines and suppliments. Few instructors last long if everything is written on the overhead and instruction is a "reading of the screen". The usual procedure is to keep key words and phrases on the screen and the instructor then speaks "off the cuff".
This approach is acceptable for most subjects. ASIC design is so complex and encompassing an issue that the class content can be driven by active students so that it emphasizes those areas questioned and de-emphasizes the rest. Classes will therefore vary in the depth of topics covered depending on the students in attendance.
About This Text
An improvement to the process is a text book that can survive the evolving technologies and changing equipment. This text is an attempt to capture the verbal lecture used by the AMCC/UCSD instructor for this course to provide consistency for the classroom and for those who choose to be self-taught. It does not try to duplicate what can be found in the design manuals per se beyond using design examples. The student cum reader is always referenced to the most current design manual and datasheet for the array or array series or vendor support software of interest.
This text will present the basic structured design flow, show how various steps interconnect, how they may be performed and provide checklists of items that should be known prior to design start. It is designed to support any vendor and any array.
For those who were taking the class for credit, chapter exercises were provided to allow the students to perform exercises using the equipment and materials of interest to them. At the time, schematic-capture was the methodology; today we have VHDL and Verilog. Daisy, Mentor and Valid workstations centered on shcematic capture are no longer found in most engineering environments. The SUN workstation, the NT platform, HP and LINUX are the modes of operation today using advanced software tools to complete the tasks formerly done by hand. | <urn:uuid:3a403c55-6517-46c6-9ef0-a016c74ba649> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www10.aeccafe.com/book/0127466606/CHAP_0/ASCHAP0_D.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948062 | 1,447 | 2.453125 | 2 |
So I understand that you’re going to tell me a story?
“Yeah, I got you a story. This story’s about, umm… why the Chinese Zodiac’s in the order it is. So you know the Chinese Zodiac, right? It’s like, 12 years, it’s a 12 year cycle, there’s 12 animals, and it’s, umm… Rat, uhh, Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat… Chicken… Wait, Monkey, Chicken…? I think it’s Monkey, Chicken… It’s either Monkey Chicken or Chicken Monkey, [laughs] and then it’s Dog and Pig [laughs].”
We’re off to a great start!
“It’s Monkey, Chicken. It’s Monkey, Chicken. Cuz’ I have to translate from Chinese to… yeah, yeah, yeah. Okay so the order that… so then, once upon a time, back in the old days, some god was like, ‘hey, we, uhh, there’s a lot of animals-‘ ”
Do you remember this in Chinese?
“Do you want me to say it all in Chinese?”
Yeah, if you can.
“You want me to, like, say this story, well I mean it’s, like, it’s a folk story, it’s just a story… Saying it in Chinese would be harder for me, because I remember the contents of the story, and my Chinese is worse than my English.”
Okay, then we’ll go on in English.
Who’d you learn it from? Let’s start there.
“Probably my grandma? Or my mom or dad? This was told to me when I was really young.
It was a race, the gods were deciding which 12 animals to deify, kind of, or like make into a calendar, or something, some sort of race. So it, so… yeah, so something was happening, but they were like, ‘Hey, alert all the animals, we’re gonna have a race to determine who’s the dankest- Oh, I’m sorry, who’s gonna be deified, who’s gonna be chosen, right- [laughs] Asian-American…
But yeah, so then, they told the rat to go alert everyone. So the rat was like, ‘Okay, I’ll do that.’
And the rat does go and tells everyone, but he tells everyone that the race starts a little bit later than it actually did, and then… the rat also specifically does not go to the cat, because the rat hates the cat.
So then, umm, then the day of the race comes, the rat’s there on time, and a few are early, or the ones that happen to be nearby, so then, umm, the race starts, and then the animals start running, and then some of them show up late, and some of them are on time. And then, umm, so you think, oh, it’s a race, how the heck is the rat first place then?
Well, the rat’s real smart. So he told the ox to show up on time, because the ox is a real strong, dependable guy, and the rat was like, ‘I’ll navigate for you, and you run, and together, we’ll be a great team.’
So the rat sits on the ox’s back, and he navigates, and they get a head start and ox is a strong, sturdy partner, and then they get to the end first, and right before the finish line, the rat jumps off the ox’s head to be first place.
And that’s why the rat has this reputation of being like, really shrewd, and somewhat manipulative, and the ox is sturdy, solid.
The reason the tiger came in after, and so is the rabbit, but in the middle of the race. There’s also a river, so like, those animals weren’t as adept, so the ox could walk straight through no problem, because he didn’t mind it as much, and everyone else starts trickling in.
And normally the dragon would be like, number one, even more so than the ox, but uhh… the dragon and the phoenix were having a uhh, uhh, like a tussle. They were, they started the race, and then they, like, started arguing with each other, cuz’, historically dragons and phoenixes are, like, real bad to each other, they don’t like each other, fight a lot, they’re both like kings of the sky, but theyre like very different kinds of king, and they’re both very prideful animals. So then they started fighting, and the dragon won the fight, and then managed to end up fifth. [laughs]
And everyone else starts trickling in, monkey, dog, and the pig actually ends up making it.
Umm, yeah, and the cat woke up too late, cuz it didn’t know, cuz the rat didn’t, like, alert the cat, and then the cat’s basically like, oh, well I guess I dont, oh, [laughs]
So the cat’s not in it, even though there were a bunch of cats back then. That’s that story.”
Analysis: This is a very unique take on the Chinese Zodiac origin story, as told from memory and in constant mental translation. Yet, with the occasional bit of American slang, all of the animations that the informant was making use of, and the constant changes in pitch and inflection to emphasize humor, it was a very fun and unique experience to listen to.
Like many myths, the Zodiac origin story probably has a slew of moral wisdom packed into it. The full story, therefore, likely has more lessons for the audience from each animal’s experience. Knowing the informant personally, however, it is evident why he recalled the rat’s cleverness most clearly, as that part of the story was likely the most relatable to him. | <urn:uuid:ed71027d-c557-485b-98d6-71a77caebcb0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://folklore.usc.edu/chinese-zodiac-origin-story/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950232 | 1,377 | 1.898438 | 2 |
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Measuring Torque Ripple And Its Effects On Electric Power And Noise And Vibration
Mitch Marks, Business Development – Electric Power Test, HBK
Ed Green, Principal Staff Engineer –Sound and Vibration Engineering Services
The topics covered in the presentation will include:
-Torque ripple background and measurement
-Impact on electric power measurements
-Correlation to noise and vibration
All Sessions: October 2022 Conference
A Virtual Conference on EV Engineering: October 17-20, 2022.
All live webcast sessions are free to attend and will be recorded and available to watch on-demand after the event. Register for a session below and reserve your spot to watch it live or on-demand. | <urn:uuid:0175d49f-f3aa-4aae-8435-140946bc68f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chargedevs.com/conference/measuring-torque-ripple-and-its-effects-on-electric-power-and-noise-and-vibration/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.875202 | 154 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Guidance Directive 2009/48/EC on the Safety Toys - Rev. 1.10 2021 Pubblicata in Italiano
16.12.2021 - Pubblicata in italiano la guida esplicativa Rev. 1.10 2021.
These guidelines are intended to be a manual for all parties directly or indirectly affected by Directive 2009/48/EC, commonly referred to as the TSD (Toy Safety Directive). Readers’ attention is drawn to the fact that this guide is intended only to facilitate the application of Directive 2009/48/EC and it is the relevant national transposition of the text of the directive which is legally binding. However, this document does represent a reference for ensuring consistent application of the directive by all stakeholders. The guidelines are intended to help ensure the free movement of toys in the Community territory by consensus amongst Member States’ government experts and other parties concerned.
These guidelines have been prepared by the relevant services of the Directorate General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs of the European Commission in consultation with Member States, European industry, European standardisation bodies, European consumer organisations and Notified Bodies.
The Commission accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to the information in this guide and aims at giving advice only.
This information is:
- οf a general nature only and is not intended to address the specific circumstances of any particular individual or entity;
- sometimes refers to external information over which the Commission services have no control and for which the Commission assumes no responsibility;
- a living document which will be regularly updated and subject to review;
- no legal advice.
All references to the CE marking and EC declaration of conformity in this Guide relate only to Directive 2009/48/EC.
Rev. 1.10 2021 - 22.09.2021
Rev 1.10 Section 2.1.1 on Articles 4 to 9 now clarifies regarding Article 4(7) that instructions and safety information on the web cannot replace those that have to accompany the toy on the packaging, in a leaflet or notice.
Rev 1.10 Section 2.1.4 on Articles 4 to 9 now clarifies regarding Article 7 that instructions and safety information on the web are not sufficient.
Rev 1.10 Section 3.2.7 on Article 11(3) now refers to good practice for the visibility and legibility of warnings, markings and instructions for use.
Rev 1.10 Section 3.3 on Article 12 now refers to other pieces legislation which impose safety and other requirements on toys.
Rev 1.10 Section 3.6.2 on Article 15(2) now refers to multilingual EC declarations of conformity.
Rev 1.10 Section 4.4.4 on Article 21(4) now clarifies that notified bodies are also empowered to carry out a test under Article 21(4).
Rec 1.10 Section 6.2 on Article 40 clarifies that Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 was amended by Regulation (EU) 2019/1020.
Rev 1.10 Section 7.1.1 on Article 46 (1), first subparagraph now refers to the two amendment Directives on allergenic fragrances.
Rev 1.10 Section 8.2 on Article 49 clarifies that Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 was amended by Regulation (EU) 2019/1020.
Rev 1.10 Section 10.1.1 on Point 1 of Annex I now also refers to Guidance document No 20 on decorative products and products for collectors.
Rev 1.10 Section 10.1.2 on Point 2 of Annex I now refers to Guidance document No 6 on the treatment of 'grey zone' products
Rev 1.10 Section 10.1.2.3 on Folk dolls and decorative dolls and other similar articles now also refers to Guidance document No 20 on decorative products and products for collectors.
Rev 1.10 Section 10.1.17 on Point 17 of Annex I now clarifies that childappealing luminaires are no toys. Previous (wrong) web link deleted.
Rev 1.10 Section 11.1.19 on Point 11 of Annex II, Part I clarifies that activity toys shall fulfill also other applicable requirements in the EN 71-series of standards.
Rev 1.10 Section 11.3.7 on Point 7 of Annex II, Part III clarifies that the reference to Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 is no longer applicable since 21 July 2017. The previous explanations on that Regulation were deleted.
Rev 1.10 Section 11.3.8 on Point 8 of Annex II, Part III now clarifies that also water balloons are intended to be placed in the mouth.
Rev 1.10 Section 11.3.11 on Point 11 of Annex II, Part III: 3 allergenic substances that will be prohibited as of 5.7.2022 added to the table.
Explanatory text adapted.
Rev 1.10 Section 11.3.11 on Point 11 of Annex II, Part III: 61 allergenic substances added to the table that will have to be labelled as of 5.7.2022. Entries 4 and 10 adapted (see the related footnotes).
Explanatory text adapted.
Rev 1.10 Section 11.3.13 on Point 13 of Annex II, Part III:
− Update of the limit values for the elements. Explanations added;
− Squishy toys added as an example for pliable toy material in the table on “Dry, brittle, powder-like or pliable toy material”
Rev 1.10 Section 11.7 on Appendix A: Deletion of the reference to the application date, since Appendix A now fully applicable.
Rev 1.10 Section 11.9 on Appendix C: Update on the substances in Appendix C.
Rev 1.10 Section 14.2.1 on Annex V, Part B, Point 1: Addition of references to age-related sources of information
Rev 1.10 Section 15 on Overview of standards and guidelines:
− References to harmonised standards referenced in the OJEU replaced with the relevant web link;
− References added to explanations within this document about the meaning of “referenced” and “not referenced”.
Rev 1.10 Section 16 on Explanation I – Obligations of economic operators:
− Update of the table summarising the obligations of economic operators;
− Update of link to national language requirements for warnings, information and documentation.
Rev 1.10 Section 17 on Explanation II: Clarified. References added to guidance on the visibility and legibility of warnings, markings and instructions for use.
Rev 1.10 Section 18 on Explanation III: Table referring to superseded Directive 88/378/EEC deleted.
Rev 1.10 Section 21 on guidance outlining the relationship between the General Section 21 on guidance outlining the relationship between the General
Product Safety Directive and Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 deleted, since superseded.
Giocattoli | Direttiva 2009/48/CE e NTA
Norme armonizzate Direttiva 2009/48/CE Giocattoli
Guide ufficiali UE Nuovo Approccio | <urn:uuid:bce0bfa6-aef9-4c5c-b75d-b09c1858de05> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.certifico.com/id/14625 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.887045 | 1,523 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Opening the meeting, Magomedsalam Magomedov spoke about the current status of interethnic relations in the country. He noted that there is a high share of citizens who speak positively about them. Almost 80 percent of Russia’s citizens have no negative feelings towards other ethnicities.
At the same time, polls show that one in every five respondents thinks that a conflict on ethnic grounds is possible. The negative attitudes are largely due to the immigrant factor, as there have been many events involving foreign nationals that drew a strong public response and the topic is a widely discussed one.
Magomedsalam Magomedov encouraged all specialists, experts and public leaders to stay alert, be vigilant and to respond to incidents of this nature accordingly. “Qualifications and professional competence are of key importance. It is one of the essential goals under the State Ethnic Policy Strategy,” the Deputy Chief of Staff said. “It is important that we intensify efforts and increase the efficiency of measures at all levels. The ethnic policy is primarily implemented locally,” he added.
The council presidium discussed improving the professional training of ethnic policy specialists, progress in implementing the President’s instructions concerning the registration and education of foreign national minors at Russian educational organisations, as well as preparations for a regular meeting of the Council for Interethnic Relations chaired by the President.
Taking part in the discussion were Deputy Speaker of the Federation Council Konstantin Kosachev, Head of the Federal Agency for Ethnic Affairs Igor Barinov, Russian Minister of Labour and Social Protection Anton Kotyakov, President of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Vladimir Mau, Head of the Public Administration Department at Lomonosov Moscow State University and State Duma deputy Vyacheslav Nikonov, representatives of competent ministries and members of the presidium.
The participants emphasised the importance of systematic and coordinated training and professional development of ethnic policy specialists, as well as the expeditious fulfilment of the President’s instructions concerning foreign national minors.
Corresponding decisions were made following the discussion. | <urn:uuid:d1e4db94-ae1d-47eb-b2ae-2f5a7828dc4d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://en.kremlin.ru/events/administration/67429/print | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950018 | 424 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Image courtesy of Niall McLaughlin Architects
SiOO:X Impregnation has an extensive range of application. It is used across all wood types – softwoods, hardwoods and engineered woods. It is specified by architects, end users, developers, constructors and contractors. SiOO:X is used in the public space and on commercial and private projects.
There are many examples of SiOO:X being used on the homes of leading architects around the world and we are proud to have this ultimate testimony. Throughout the website, where projects are illustrated, there are references and links to the specifying architect.
Typical applications are cladding, enginered timber structures,decking, artwork and landscape structures. There is a major emphasis on cladding sructures in the UK and Ireland.
Because of its environmental strengths and aesthetically pleasing natural appearance SiOO:X has been chosen by world leading architects particularly in highly sensitive and protected environments. In the most demanding and testing locations such as coastal locations SiOO:X has a proven record.
Appearance and weathering
All too often the appearance of new timber clad buildings is ruined by uneven weathering (see Wood weathering). It is quite common to see buildings where the shaded areas are still unweathered whereas the exposed areas have already changed to the silvery-grey colour associated with exposed wood. Aesthetics is hugely important in the built environment and this patchy weathering puts people off from specifying timber as a cladding material.
The SiOO:X products prevent uneven weathering and react with the wood to produce a pleasing even grey natural looking surface within a few months of application. This accelerated weathering takes place through a chemical reaction of the SiOO:X system within the top few millimetres of the wood surface and so it is a permanent change - see Sioo Wood Protection - a new wood modification for the UK | <urn:uuid:64aa3e23-cfd6-4f98-8933-48f0ab3a376c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sioox.org.uk/wood-protection/applications/sioox-applications.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.94 | 386 | 1.710938 | 2 |
There are many grounds that can lead to business disputes in Maryland. Business may disagree about the terms of contracts and prior arrangements. Billing issues, property matters and other grounds can also give rise to disputes between businesses.
What to Do in a Business Dispute?
If involved in a business dispute in Frostburg, Maryland, reviewing any relevant documents, especially contracts, should be the first step. These documents might decide how the dispute will be resolved. If there are no relevant documents, or the contracts do not have resolution clauses, then the dispute might need to be taken to court. Maryland courts will look to your individual case and try to discover the best resolution. In determining the outcome, they will use a specific set of legal principles designed for situations where the parties have not agreed beforehand on how to handle a dispute. Disputes over contracts and other agreements are handled differently depending on the laws of each state. Lawyers in Frostburg know the laws of Maryland, and can offer individualized advice for those involved in business disputes. Resolution of the dispute might even be reached outside of court once an attorney's knowledge of the law smoothens negotiations between the two parties.
Alternative Dispute Resolution
Sometimes contracts themselves require that disputes under them be resolved outside of court. Methods of conflict resolution of this form are called Alternative Dispute Resolution or ADR. ADR includes Mediation, Arbitration and sometimes a combination of the two. ADR focuses on reaching the same resolution that a court would have, without the parties actually going to court. Methods of ADR often involve their own protocols, occasionally bringing in a third party to find a solution based on local law. An attorney experienced in Alternative Dispute Resolution can help you with your business dispute in Frostburg if it is to be resolved out of court. | <urn:uuid:5add5437-413e-409b-80f9-9b4df7eb972a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://businessattorneys.legalmatch.com/MD/Frostburg/business-disputes.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949031 | 361 | 1.9375 | 2 |
RE Sources offers youth in grades K-12 across Northwest Washington with online tools, lessons, events and programs to make a difference in their schools and communities. Sign up for our updates and never miss a chance to take action.
Could Your School UP Its sustainability game? Start a Green Team!
Grades: K-8 (Whatcom)
The Green Team Network is a free program that supports K-8 students in Whatcom County to work in teams to solve the real world sustainability issues on school campus and in their community. Collaborate with your peers to find and implement solutions to issues around waste, water, energy, transportation, school grounds and gardens.
Elevate your Environmental ActivisM Skills with YEP!
Grades: High School (Whatcom and Skagit)
Youth for the Environment and People (YEP!) is a one-of-a-kind youth empowerment program for high school students that elevates student voices and gives youth key skills to make change in the world. It is student-led and concludes with an environmental action project.
Check Out our Library of Online Lessons
What’s the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy? How about fresh water and saltwater? With our library of online lessons, you can get to know the natural world, experiment with some do-it-yourself projects at home, and have fun learning online.
Get Outside with friends (Or Make New ones) at a beach cleanup
Grades: All ages welcome
If eco-anxiety is weighing on you, getting outside and making a difference can help! RE Sources regularly hosts beach cleanups — as well as cleanups along rivers and lakes — throughout Whatcom and Skagit counties, providing cleanup equipment and a place to connect with like-minded community members. Volunteers of all ages are welcome! Bagels provided by The Bagelry at our 2022 cleanups!
Community Partner Resources | <urn:uuid:9b0f4355-aa9e-429b-a422-4b7c16a1dcc3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.re-sources.org/youth-action-center/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.937988 | 408 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Sometimes, it isn’t enough to have proper brushing and flossing habits. As children develop their permanent teeth, their jaws also begin to take shape. One complication, malocclusion, can arise as a child grows.
This condition causes crooked teeth–and it does more than affect a person’s smile. If left unchecked, it can worsen over time and create a wide range of dental problems. In these instances, it helps to work with a pediatric orthodontist in Jacksonville, FL, to correct crooked teeth. This post will go over the advantages of orthodontic care.
Why Orthodontic Care is Important
How the teeth are aligned can affect the development of the jaw. As a result, this influences a person’s speech patterns and sleep quality. There are also cosmetic reasons, too–crooked teeth can hinder someone’s confidence.
Orthodontic care is a specialty within dentistry that focuses on correcting malocclusion. Through the use of braces or other implements, it is possible to guide teeth into their correct positions. A pediatric orthodontist specializes in treating children and adolescents.
People only get one set of permanent teeth in their lifetime, and if they are not aligned properly, it can cause a wide range of problems. Crooked teeth, for instance, are harder to clean–both at home and in the dentist’s chair. As a consequence, it would be easier for cavities and gum disease to form, which can compound the problems a patient may already face.
Getting pediatric dental services is the first step to correcting malocclusion. By working closely with your general dentist and orthodontist, you can give your child the assistance they need to maintain a beautiful and healthy smile. | <urn:uuid:62b63c50-acc6-4ba6-912a-13c3202fecfe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://264kids.com/partnering-with-a-pediatric-orthodontist/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.934885 | 364 | 2.34375 | 2 |
November 3, 2017 at 5:44 am #1142
Good creative writing belonging
2 Nov 2012 They don't know what makes a good creative writing piece. 3. • Drafting up a creative writing piece on Belonging that you can prepare and take Re: Belonging Creative Writing Ideas. i think that gang idea is pretty good. in general i think its good to think outside the box. like in the hsc the In her creative writing workshops British author Clare Wigfall read out the really short story „Safe“ as Because Zombies aren't really your best friends, though. 21 Aug 2012 Read a Belonging Creative Writing Sample "In the room where women Your best friend had her second child last month, and all your other 10 Feb 2014 The voice that answered her is boisterous and full of good cheer. He tells her that glory and service for his country awaits, and that he could 11 Dec 2012 In this video, Daniel explains the importance of drawing inspiration from great authors and utilising personification in order to achieve a Band 6 Creative writing is more than just memorising a story you wrote during the year. a great percentage of people in psyche units say that they don't belong there; Find and save ideas creative writing concordia toronto about Story ideas on Pinterest. See more ideas about Creative writing, Writing and Writing tips. Free Creative Writing papers, essays, and research papers. also get the students to think through their writing (at least the good ones do). .. The Rat Catcher's Revenge- Creative Writing – It all started at the old pub belonging to Jack Martin. 4 Dec 2016 Home: Stories of Identity, Belonging, Loss, and Migration Through the photography, poetry, short stories, and writing of refugees, migrants, the London Reader brings you the best known and new voices in creative writing. They don't know what makes a good creative writing piece. Drafting up a creative writing piece on Belonging that you can prepare and take into the exam is as 15 Jan 2014 Creative writing – the two words in the HSC English syllabus that make how will you connect the stimulus you're given to belonging? 16 Dec 2015 Stuck for good discovery related stories? Experiencing writers block in a big way? Never fear, Save My HSC is here! In this episode we teach 15 May 2014 Creative Writing in the HSC is the skill that is least conducive to I understood that our lives, trials and tribulations are Belonging Creative Writing Ideas – Bored of… the stuff of good Posted in Area of Study: Belonging, Creative Writing and tagged creative writing, 16 Jan 2010 19 best HSC Discovery Creative Writing Ideas images on Pinterest Prezi, Discovery Belonging Advanced Module A Frankenstein and Blade 28 Aug 2011 Title: Belonging: Short Story Writing Activities, Author: Into English, Good fences make good neighbours. Part Two: Working with Stimulus To develop a successful creative writing piece for Belonging, you need to be able 12 Sep 2016 In a society where the value of belonging is paramount, people are a great poet like Eugenio Montale continued to write for Corriere della Sera long courses in collective creative writing, something hard to imagine in the As a slam poet I certainly plan on taking creative writing classes, but, I also just watching some T.V. I turned to this like history channel and it was kind of good. . Belonging – Short Narrative Part 1: Noah and his Father On a quiet morning, Short Stories About Identity and Belonging Ihsan is a good-looking young man who likes looking at women when he's out walking, preferring the women in Hundreds of creative writing ideas for your fiction and dramatic writing. Find out about two magic phrases that make it easy to come up with great story ideas. demonstrate understanding of the way perceptions of belonging are shaped in and through I, too, have moved a great deal and have sometimes longed for a . belonging. You may use the visual image as stimulus for your creative writing. class=”b-serp-item__snippet”/></article></div><div class=</div></div></span><p 4 Nov 2014 49. LetterPile»; Creative Writing Prompt: Write a story that includes the words motel, billboard, and map. From my hotel room window, I make my way backstage just as the great magician puts on his top hat. "Daddy, I'm so writing programs, creative writing prompts, writing contests for writers and poets. Here is an article about how to use writing prompts to best improve your work. that sometimes these creative writing prompts belong in their own category. Come learn creative writing with author Umi Sinha in a fun and supportive Her debut novel Belonging was published in 2015 by Myriad Editions and has recently been shortlisted for the Author's Club Best First Novel of the Year Award 2016. 24 May 2016 Julia Rochester: 'My fiction is preoccupied with belonging and exile' Despite being a compulsive list-writer, I am an accidental plotter and I look with envy on writers There was a good moon. Creative writing · features. Description. The Belonging Project is a series of creative writing workshops and readings that considers journeys, what we carry with us (and what we leave Get access to Creative Writing Belonging Essays only from Anti Essays. Belonging Creative Writing: Belonging Creative Writing It was good to feel the heat of Writing the Smart City: "Relational Space" and the Concept of "Belonging" Keywords: creative writing, smart cities, digital technology, social media all the services on offer, public as well as private, in a way best suited to his or her needs. A very big thank you to everyone who submitted their story on the theme of 'belonging' to the Commonwealth Class story writing competition. There was an
You must be logged in to reply to this topic. | <urn:uuid:8630c044-e3b6-4a94-b81b-1b93c911c3ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://entengtanamal.com/forums/topic/good-creative-writing-belonging-403930/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.944555 | 1,244 | 2.171875 | 2 |
What is hair transplant?
Everyone knows that when skin is needed on a part of the body, then the skin is taken from a part of the body by plastic surgery and transferred to the area where it is needed, ie skin transplant or skin graft. Based on similar principles, hair transplantation is a well-planned, skillful, and artistic microsurgical procedure in which hairs from the donor area (unbalanced areas of the head and other parts of the body) are taken and transferred or transplanted to the bald area. The microsurgical skills of the plastic surgeon are the blessing for this; achieving excellent results, which leads to a natural hair pattern that appears in bald areas.
How many hairs are on the normal scalp/what is the normal density?
While there is considerable variation among ethnic groups in regards to the average number of hairs, it is typical that the average individual with a total purchase of complete viagra now has approximately 100,000 to 150,000 or more hairs growing from the scalp.
The density of adult hairs can vary between 100 and 400 per square centimeter.
For more detail: click here | <urn:uuid:7644f0d5-7c00-475d-b6d2-b2acab88f8bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.universalbloggers.com/hair-transplantation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.953476 | 230 | 2.53125 | 3 |
According to the cabinet, nitrogen emissions must be halved by 2030 to protect vulnerable nature. But many farmers and some politicians are critical of how nitrogen emissions and precipitation are measured. In this story, we explain how it works.
Although we can’t see or smell it, nitrogen is all around us. When we talk about nitrogen reduction, we are talking about gas emitted by traffic, industry and livestock. According to the government, the emission of nitrogen must be drastically reduced, especially near vulnerable Natura 2000 areas. Sometimes even by 70 percent, as in De Groote Peel. In this way, these natural areas must be preserved.
But if you can’t see and smell nitrogen, how do you measure it? For that, we have to be at RIVM. This body measures and calculates how much nitrogen is emitted and how much lands on Dutch soil.
How to measure nitrogen
There are 43 nitrogen oxide and 6 ammonia measuring stations spread throughout the Netherlands. Nitrogen researcher Marloes Penning de Vries explains in a video from the University of the Netherlands how ammonia is measured. UV light shines on a mirror 50 meters away in the 6 locations. Ammonia absorbs light. The amount of reflected light is analyzed. This shows how much ammonia is in the air. The nearest measuring station is a stone’s throw from our province in Vredepeel in Limburg.
A handful of installations is obviously not enough. That is why there are an additional 300 measuring points in nature reserves. These are tubes with filters that suck in air. Ammonia stays on the filter, says Penning de Vries. Scientists look at how much nitrogen is in a laboratory. Special satellite images map the rest of the country.
Nitrogen also comes down through rain. RIVM therefore investigates the composition of raindrops. And then there is another measurement method. “Nature lends a hand,” says Penning de Vries. “Some mosses do not like nitrogen at all, while others do. So if you count how many of one and the other type of lichen there are in different places in the Netherlands, you know how much ammonia has been in the air.”
How to calculate nitrogen
However, it is not possible to map the exact amount of nitrogen in the air and what settles on the ground. According to the RIVM, this costs too much money and is practically impossible. To provide a national picture, RIVM works with a few calculation models. Computers make calculations based on data that is entered. Partly on the basis of this, it is investigated whether there is still room for nitrogen to, for example, build new homes or livestock barns.
Among other things, RIVM looks at how many sources of nitrogen emissions there are. For example: how many kilometers of asphalt, cars and factories are there. But also: how many cows there are, what they eat, what kind of barns there are, how the manure is stored and spread. RIVM also takes into account wind direction, temperature and how much moisture there is in the air. All of this affects where nitrogen ends up. Because the weather changes all the time, according to Penning de Vries, it also affects the accuracy of the calculations.
“The model is compared again and again with all the different measurements. The regional measurements correspond to what the model calculates,” says the researcher in the video. “This shows that ammonia emissions urgently need to be reduced.”
Justified criticism of nitrogen models?
Many farmers and some politicians criticize the way in which RIVM maps nitrogen emissions and landings. For example, BBB, JA21 and a large part of VVD supporters believe that more measurements should be taken. And less has to be calculated through models.
The RIVM rejected this criticism. A commission of inquiry concluded in 2020 that the quality of nitrogen methods, models and data is adequate to good. Calculations are too detailed for individual emitters and therefore not appropriate. But on a large scale this is the case. The chairman of that committee, Leen Hordijk, still supports this. He told Nieuwsuur in June that the Netherlands measures nitrogen ‘using the most modern, most practical method’.
The research report included recommendations to improve the calculations. According to Hordijk, improvements have been made. The research chair is convinced that measuring more does not lead to a different result. “The global pattern will not change.”
Watch this explanatory video on nitrogen calculations from the University of the Netherlands: | <urn:uuid:41a45f24-5c40-4a36-bfe6-45fed7fc257e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://curveswithconfidence.co.uk/2022/07/30/how-is-nitrogen-measured-and-how-reliable-is-it/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.953067 | 951 | 3.828125 | 4 |
Bitcoin’s mining business has taken a extreme hit in 2022. Given elements reminiscent of large value corrections, inflation, and so on., many miners have even exited the Bitcoin community. Why? Effectively, primarily to make ends meet.
Now, many have raised regarding questions concerning the profitability of this business. However, the place’s the reply?
Alas, some aid
Bitcoin miners made greater than $15 billion in income over the course of 2021, in response to The Block’s Analysis. This highlighted a year-over-year enhance of 206%, a staggering quantity to say the least. Nevertheless, 2022 hasn’t been sort. That being mentioned, struggling miners may simply have one thing to stay up for given the (gradual) market restoration.
Bitcoin mining problem has been adjusting for some time now. With the hashrate falling as extra miners go offline resulting from declining profitability, mining problem has been following just about the identical development.
The falling problem degree (27.69 T at press time) might be seen within the graph beneath.
However, is there something completely different this time? Effectively, for starters, the mentioned decline coincided with some restoration throughout the market. On the time of writing, Bitcoin’s value remained above the $23.7k-mark. I.e. More money circulate on every Bitcoin mined for respective BTC miners. Certainly, an indication of some aid.
Following the identical, the rise in Miners’ BTC steadiness may paint a slightly promising situation. That’s precisely the case right here. Regardless of the present crypto-chaos, the steadiness of BTC miners hit a 4-year excessive.
Glassnode’s graph connected herein appeared to help the assertion too.
In whole, firms that mined the primary cryptocurrencies personal 1,845,303 BTC, which is ~9.6% of the present provide of BTC.
Sunshine + rain
Whereas these developments venture a gentle uplift, miners are usually not utterly out of the woods but. The truth is, on the time of writing, the entire miner income continued to commerce downhill.
Nonetheless, IF Bitcoin continues to get better and problem declines, miners may proceed their operations till the following bull market seems. Till then, BTC holders have to showcase their help, regardless of the whole lot, as stays the case proper now.
Right here, it’s price mentioning that the variety of wallets with a steadiness of 10,000+ BTC has elevated considerably because the starting of the month. | <urn:uuid:0aa05748-cc09-4eb1-a907-a46f4ab48d3e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bitcoinworldreport.com/bitcoin/bitcoin-btc-these-factors-might-initiate-a-reverse-exodus-for-struggling-miners/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.935687 | 526 | 1.5 | 2 |
In Iraq, U.S. forces killed or captured 40 al
Qaeda operatives in November, including a Syrian, Abu Maysara, who was the
author of terrorist training manuals, and in charge of propaganda. Al Qaeda
admitted Abu Maysara's death, and the guy who made the announcement via an
audio recording, identified himself as Abu Omar al Baghdadi, the head of al
Qaeda in Iraq. However, interrogations of several senior al Qaeda captives has
revealed that "Abu Omar al Baghdadi" is just
a name. No such person exists. But this fictional al Baghdadi is
described, by al Qaeda, as an Iraqi, and his audio messages are read by an
actor. Al Qaeda likes to play down the fact that "Al Qaeda in Iraq" is staffed,
and run by, foreigners. This means little to most Iraqis, who hate al Qaeda no
matter where the killers come from.
But al Qaeda survives in Iraq, despite
the attacks from Sunni and Shia militias, as well as U.S. troops and government
security forces. Iraq is still a magnet for Islamic radicals throughout the
Middle East. Keep in mind that most of these al Qaeda volunteers expect to be
killed, so increased prospects of dying doesn't discourage them. As a result,
the U.S. has adopted the Israeli tactic of concentrating on the leadership and
technicians. These are the skilled people required to plan a suicide bombing
attack (find a target that is not heavily guarded, build the bomb, recruit and
train the bomber, and then get the bomber to the target for the attack).
Without these "technicians", the attacks don't happen. That's how the Israelis
stopped the Palestinian terror campaign cold after a few years. The
Palestinians have been stymied for over two years now, and most have lost faith
in the use of terror attacks on civilians.
The Israelis have one big advantage the
Iraqis don't; they can literally wall off the Palestinian population from
Israel. The Iraqi Kurds have done the same thing to their Arab neighbors, and
achieved the same result as the Israelis; no terrorist attacks in northern
Iraq. But in the rest of Iraq, there are still many neighborhoods and villages
where people will look the other way as suicide bombers prepare their attacks.
Thus these attacks will go on for years, although never again at the earlier
rate. This has been the pattern in other Arab countries that have recently
suffered from Islamic terror attacks. Iraq has proved to be no different. | <urn:uuid:68fc01f8-c567-47fb-ace7-a33254479e5e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htterr/20071227.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.959281 | 534 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Sheffield Hallam University has been appointed as a Partner Member of the Institute and will work with IPM on potential research collaborations with its Department of the Natural and Built Environment (NBE) and The Centre for Regional Economic and Social Research (CRESR).
The three research groups will initially meet in late March to discuss common research interests and plan future outputs, looking specifically at potential events and research publications. Both NBE and CRESR are interdisciplinary groups with key crossovers with the work of IPM.
NBE brings together experts including social scientists, architects and those involved in sustainable construction in developing multi-disciplinary research that seeks to understand and engage with the lived experience of change, uncertainty and the conflicted territories of sustainability and adaptations.
CRESR is a UK leading centre for research and evaluation in urban studies, public policy and planning. Collectively, researchers in the Centre seek to understand the impact of social and economic disadvantage on places and people, and assess critically the policies and interventions targeted at these issues.
The collaboration has been driven forward by Dr Jill Dickinson, who has been associated with IPM for a number years and has secured funding to explore impactful actions from the group.
IPM research lead Professor Gary Warnaby welcomes the new partnership:
“The IPM research team have recently agreed an overall structural framework to guide our research activities, which we have categorised into set themes. It will be great to learn how colleagues at Sheffield Hallam University may be able to complement and develop our themes, and develop a set of shared research priorities and initiatives that we can take forward together for our mutual benefit”
Rob Storrar, Head of Research at NBE shares the same enthusiasm for the joint work:
“Colleagues from Sheffield Hallam’s Department of the Natural and Built Environment and Centre for Economic and Social Research are looking forward to working collaboratively with the IPM to develop networks, pool expertise and develop opportunities for applied research across the field of place management.”
The groups’ first meeting (24th March) will kick off a number of scheduled activities. We look forward to updating members on the group’s progress next month. | <urn:uuid:12f00994-bcaf-4958-b367-d1aec1ab1221> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.placemanagement.org/news/posts/2021/march/ipm-joins-forces-with-researchers-at-sheffield-hallam-university/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.941125 | 444 | 1.75 | 2 |
A light earthquake magnitude 4.7 (ml/mb) has struck on Sunday, 76 kilometers (47 miles) from Ōfunato in Japan. The temblor was picked up at 09:35:48 / 9:35 am (local time epicenter). Unique identifier: us7000csn1. Ids that are associated to the event: us7000csn1. The earthquake occurred at a depth of 44.79 km (28 miles) below the earth’s surface. Global time and date of event 20/12/20 / 2020-12-20 09:35:48 / December 20, 2020 @ 9:35 am UTC/GMT. Exact location of event, depth 44.79 km, 142.4679° East, 38.7078° North. A tsunami warning has not been issued (Does not indicate if a tsunami actually did or will exist).
Close country/countries that might be effected, Japan (c. 127 288 000 pop). Closest city/cities or villages, with min 5000 pop, to hypocenter/epicentrum was Yamada, Ōtsuchi, Kamaishi. Epicenter of the event was 82 km (51 miles) from Kamaishi (c. 43 100 pop), 77 km (48 miles) from Ōfunato (c. 35 400 pop), 95 km (59 miles) from Yamada (c. 20 100 pop), 88 km (55 miles) from Ōtsuchi (c. 16 500 pop).
Earthquakes 4.0 to 5.0 are often felt, but only causes minor damage. In the past 24 hours, there have been one, in the last 10 days one, in the past 30 days three and in the last 365 days fourty-three earthquakes of magnitude 3.0 or greater that have been detected in the same area. Every year there are an estimated 13,000 light earthquakes in the world.
How would you describe the shaking?
Were you asleep? Was it difficult to stand and/or walk? Leave a comment or report about shaking, activity and damage at your city, home and country. The information in this article comes from the USGS Earthquake Notification Service. Read more about the earthquake, Seismometer information, Distances, Parameters, Date-Time, Location and details about this quake, detected near: 76 km ESE of Ōfunato, Japan.
Copyright © 2020 earthquakenewstoday.com All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:868578db-1906-40d3-954e-11f6983fbbef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.earthquakenewstoday.com/2020/12/20/light-earthquake-4-7-mag-strikes-near-ofunato-in-japan-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.913127 | 516 | 2.328125 | 2 |
The PPL PWR Roadshow takes engineering from the lab to the people, through its mad-hat range of DIY installations at events.
The focus is on the ingenious engineering behind renewable technologies; from Adam’s DIY wind turbines and bicycle-powered blender to Anna’s Solar Thermal Tea Shop and Josh’s solar powered stage.
Set to a backdrop of these punk-engineering machines, the PPL PWR team provides inspiring and educational workshops in its compostable teepee stage, and engages an audience from 8 to 80(!) with its table-top demos and answers any and every sustainability question thrown at them.
PPL PWR delivers the CDT-ACM outreach workshops each year, aiding PhD students bring new content to life.
PPL PWR is dedicated to engaging and inspiring a new generation of sustainability innovators and change-makers. Through a variety of programmes, we can help you and your organisation bring sustainability to life.
Inspiring Talks and Live Demos
PPL PWR has developed a number of interactive demo pieces for festival-goers to get their hands on and to learn more about energy, sustainability and engineering. Surrounding our eco-stage, sit our solar panels, wind turbines, solar thermal tubes and off-laboratory! Whilst inside houses hydrogen-fuel race cars, self-watering plants and human powered light races!
A Forum for Discussion
It’s about making technology more approachable and accessible to a variety of audiences; from young children, to teens to adults of all ages! The space acts a forum for discussion between groups, a place for panels and for live demos and inspiring talks – did we mention it’s powered by our renewable demos?! | <urn:uuid:b22d285b-4f3d-4057-8171-a67249e84e45> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pplpwr.org.uk/diy-renewables-roadshow/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.922196 | 354 | 2.140625 | 2 |
weather, climate and best time to visit
Best time to visit Shinay
The best time to visit Shinay in Afghanistan is from April through October. In this period you have a warm temperature and almost no precipitation. The highest average temperature in Shinay is 31°C in July and the lowest is 5°C in January.
In the table below you can quickly find the average weather per month in Shinay, the monthly temperatures or the highest rainfall. Our average monthly climate data is based on data from the past 30 years.
Travel and stay Shinay
Looking to book a flight to Shinay? Hop on one of these airlines.
The weather for Shinay over the next 14 days will be 18°C till 29° with a few days chance of light rain showers till heavy rain.
5-day weather forecast Shinay
View the 14 day weather forecast for Shinay
Shinay has a semi-arid climate. It hardly rains here. The average annual temperature for Shinay is 19° degrees and there is about 174 mm of rain in a year. It is dry for 285 days a year with an average humidity of 32% and an UV-index of 4.
Shinay weather by month
What is the average Shinay weather like in a given month? Let's find out! Click on a month to check all the monthly averages for sunshine, temperature highs and lows, percentage chance of rain per day, snowfall accumulation and number of rainy days.
Shinay weather experiences
Have you been to Shinay?
Leave your Shinay weather experience for a chance to win $150!
Frequently asked questions
Where is Shinay?
Shinay is located in Afghanistan. It lies in a straight line 963 km from New Delhi.
The coordinates of Shinay are:
- Latitude: 31.351141
- Longitude: 67.720117
The GPS coordinates are 31° 21' N, 67° 43' E
How long is the flight to Shinay?
The flight time from Indira Gandhi to Shinay is approximately 3 h. 20 min.
What are the nearest airports to Shinay?
These are the airports closests to Shinay:
- Quetta International Airport (144 km) in Quetta
- Zhob Airport (166 km)
How big is Shinay?
The surface area of Shinay is 11 km².
What is the currency of Shinay?
In Shinay, the Afghan afghani (AFN) is used for payment.
Exchange rates on 18 August 2022
- 1 Indian rupee = 1.03 Afghan afghani
- 1 Afghan afghani = 0.97 Indian rupee
- 100 Indian rupee = 103.48 Afghan afghani
- 100 Afghan afghani = 96.64 Indian rupee
What is the area code of Shinay?
The area code to call Shinay is +93. | <urn:uuid:86becb7e-c555-4df0-978c-b3670087bdc1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.besttimetovisit.co.in/afghanistan/shinay-66022/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.904729 | 630 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Just a curious and dumb question but why is toilet water cold and not hot lol
The real reason is (germs are indeed a problem) that it's difficult to create a flushing toilet that can control the temperature well. In the past, hundreds of people had their butts boiled, or worse, their naughty bits steamed, when the thermostat failed. So it was made illegal to have hot toilet water.
well there wouldnt be any reason to heat it hot water usually causes bacteria to grow companies and people arnt going to pay millions of dollars to heat the water that would just end up going cold when it reaches the sewage plant
Why would you want to waste energy warming up water you aren't supposed to be touching anyways? You aren't sticking your butt in it, are you? AND warm water would make it smell bad.
I so new this guy that had hot water ran to his toilet!!! LMAO it was crazy
I figured that, baby19942008; just busting you a little.
Dogs will not drink hot water, they prefer cold!
lol. no im not lol. it was just curious
WHYwould you want to heat that water?
maybe your crap would explode | <urn:uuid:fcc67734-efa5-4500-9eb5-afbc71aca1bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.funadvice.com/q/random_375660 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.979349 | 255 | 2.046875 | 2 |
This post contains a selection of links related to language and words in the news. These can be items from the latest news, blog posts or interesting websites related to global English, language change, education in general, and language learning and teaching in particular.
Feel free to contact us if you would like to submit a link for us to include, or just add a comment to the post, with the link(s) you’d like to share.
This is exciting
I can’t tell you exactly where “excited for” arose, but it is very common amongst people under 35, and appears to have been in use by them for at least the last 10 years.
Books, science, words and language
Why the Word “Moist” Makes Your Skin Crawl.
Why are some people perfectly fine with words like “moist” while others are so disgusted by them?
Babies May Need to Move Their Tongues to Understand Speech
A new study finds that babies can distinguish between sounds better if they can move their tongue.
How to Celebrate Dictionary Day
Today is both Noah Webster’s birthday and, especially in the US, Dictionary Day. Here are some ideas on how to celebrate.
Apostrophe misuse sparks riots and civil unrest across England
“I’m sorry, but there’s only so much a man can take,” said Professor of pedantry at Essex University, Stephen Emmsworth. | <urn:uuid:3b6efa46-7057-493c-8607-0db207da6e21> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.macmillandictionaryblog.com/language-and-words-in-the-news-16th-october-2015 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.928935 | 311 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Day trading is the process of speculating on financial products and assets for a single day. Day traders will often buy and sell any number of financial instruments in several hours, or less, and profit from speculating on short-term price movements. Day traders stay up-to-date on what moves markets in the short term and can place hundreds of orders in a single day to profit in the long run.
Day trading presents an opportunity for those who put in the time and effort to understand the market in which they are trading. This is no different for cryptocurrencies. Even more so, this new industry has brought with it a significant opportunity for day traders to profit from price discrepancies and movements that don’t exist in other, more mature markets.
The high volatility nature of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies has made the crypto market the perfect environment for day trading, because during the day, there is enough up and downswings to make a decent profit.
Speaking of profit, Bitcoin trader app is a good resource that can be used to trade cryptocurrency automatically, as well as manually. If you are overwhelmed by the complexity of the crypto market, I recommend this app.
Moving forward, we are going to teach you what you need to look out for to Day trade cryptocurrency and we are going to share some day trading tips and strategies.
Day Trading Cryptocurrencies:
In the cryptocurrency market, bitcoin has become the standard of the industry.
The digital asset has grown not just in popularity, but in its technology as well. Bitcoin is designed as a form of decentralized digital currency that is usable worldwide without the fear of censorship resistance. There is a fixed supply of Bitcoin, which amounts to 21 million, and it can never be mined. It remains the biggest cryptocurrency on the market till date, with a valuation close to $200 billion.
More than half of the overall trading activities occur in bitcoin, with billions of dollars in daily turnover.
Thanks to its ample liquidity, Bitcoin is one of the most popular choices for those looking to day trade crypto.
Any cryptocurrency outside of bitcoin is referred to as an altcoin. Cryptocurrencies placed in this category have various technological differences and uses, from building decentralized applications (dApps) to creating a world of decentralized finance, and beyond. The most valuable alt coin and second in value to Bitcoin, is Ethereum; a programmable open source blockchain. Many other alt coins take the form of ERC-20 tokens, which means they are built on Ethereum protocol. These include EOS and TRON.
There category of cryptocurrency has become increasingly important for traders and investors. Stablecoins are cryptocurrencies that are relatively price-stable, generally by pegging themselves to fiat currency. The largest stablecoin is Tether (USDT), whose price is pegged to the US Dollar. Tether is a great trading pair for bitcoin and alt coin traders, as it allows for easy trading within cryptocurrencies without having to off-load capital to fiat currency and back into the market.
Many exchanges avoid using USD because of regulatory reasons but listing coins against USDT allows them to quote against the world’s primary reserve currency without actually touching it directly.
Best Day Trading Tips and Strategies
The whole point of day trading crypto is to look for trading opportunities that offer you the potential to make a quick profit.
Hence, we have compiled essential tips and strategies to help you effectively day trade cryptocurrency. Let’s dive in.
Determine the Liquidity of the Cryptocurrency You Wish to Trade.
A lot of the cryptocurrencies and crypto exchanges are very illiquid and don’t have the liquidity to offer instant execution that you might find when trading Forex currencies.
It is important to check how liquid the cryptocurrency you wish to trade is, before day trading Bitcoin or any other altcoins. To do this, simply verify the 24-hour volume of the crypto trade.
A good free resource to read and gauge the market volume of any particular coin is CoinMarketCap.
Never forget that; not having enough liquidity could lead to substantial slippage and bigger losses.
Minimize Trading Risks
As stated above, day trading crypto does not require trading every single day. We should only day trade cryptocurrencies when all the conditions align in our favor. In addition, avoid trading on weekends and limit trading only on the highest-volume days
Pick up Coins with High Volatility and High Liquidity
As previously discussed, the number one choice you need to make is to pick coins that have high volatility and high liquidity. Bitcoin is the most liquid coin out there, it’s prudent to day trade using Bitcoin, but should you like to use the altcoins for day trading, then carry out adequate research to pick those coins that have good liquidity and volatility; Ethereum is a good example.
Day trading cryptocurrency is a lot easier thanks to the high volatility nature of the crypto market. High volatility suits day trading very well, so you have the right environment to succeed.
News and Sentiment Analysis
While it’s less popular among short-term traders, looking at headlines and overall market sentiment can also be used in Bitcoin Day-trading. Sometimes, big news items can move crypto markets quickly.
Day Trading Smaller Cryptocurrencies
With more than 1600 coins on the market and growing, day trading smaller cryptocurrencies has increasingly become a very lucrative business. There are higher risks involved because crypto prices can crash just as fast as they have risen.
That is why it’s advised to trade with only the top cryptocurrencies as a beginner.
It goes without saying that day trading smaller cryptocurrency is quite risky; so a very good understanding of the crypto market is needed to survive in this trade (pun intended).
Day trading crypto can be a great way to grow your portfolio and it is a very lucrative alternative to the holding mentality that is crippling the crypto community. | <urn:uuid:d3681d2a-4b65-4ce3-b962-cd37a21b7106> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.techregister.co.uk/day-trading-cryptocurrency-what-to-look-out-for/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.93834 | 1,214 | 2.015625 | 2 |
HOW RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN CAN SHAPE UP YOUR E-COMMERCE BUSINESS!!
What we learn about responsive web design is how important it is today for the promotion of any kind of websites and to determine the success of your business.
A responsive website is that aspect of web designing where a designer the builds the website in a way that it automatically gets adjusted to any kind of screens be irrespective of its size and gives you a similar view of the website across various devices like PC, Laptops, Tabs, and Smartphones without having the contents cluttered or misaligned.
If you are an online retailer having a responsive website with fast loading speed is your first priority.
Importance of Responsive Web Design for E-commerce websites
In all online retailing business, having an attractive and responsive website is extremely necessary. For this, you need to have a clean eye-grabbing layout and at the same time not too clumsy. Mxicoders showcase some factors that demonstrate the importance of Responsive websites:-
a) To create a Mobile Optimized Website
A majority of the population across the world access the online websites through their smartphones anywhere anytime and in the process, if they find your website contents are not clearly displayed or the website is taking longer to load, they will immediately lose interest and without checking will move on to other sites.
There are many websites that look great when accessed from PCs and Laptops but whenever accessed from mobile phones they look entirely different and clumsy. You can avoid this by making your website mobile responsive so that users can enjoy its features from any smart devices and also it will help your website display in top searched results as per the recent google 2018 algorithm focused on mobile indexed sites.
b) To Improve Conversion Rate
An E-commerce conversion rate is based on how many participants are there in a website divided by the total visitors of the website. For-example- If no of participants involved in buying and selling is 5000 and total visitors of the website is 200000 then conversion rate is (5000/200000)*100.
Making your website web and mobile responsive attracts millions of customers across all devices increasing the no of views, purchase of products from the website thereby improving the conversion rate.
c) Improve SEO Ranking
When a website is Responsive, it has the capability to adjust in any screen size which restores its original look and the owner doesn’t need to create a separate version for mobiles.
With one URL millions of users can view the site easily across various devices and hence with improved UX the google search engines can clearly identify your content and displays it in the top results when searched by users.
Also responsiveweb design help in attracting the maximum audience and hence the bounce rate factor decreases which ultimately gives your website a good ranking.
The above mentioned four factors show the importance of Responsive websites in E-commerce and how it can give you the maximum profit with increased user views. So hurry up Mxicoders make it responsive if you haven’t still. | <urn:uuid:d71c7cdb-49ce-420d-bc90-2dde54ca4174> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mxicoders.com/blog/responsive-website-desgin-for-ecommerce/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.922625 | 625 | 1.890625 | 2 |
You won't always have the right answers... that's normal and okay. The road to success is not paved by doing everything on your own.
💡 One of our Treehouse Values is: "Learning fast is better than being right".
"Don't be afraid to ask questions. Don't be afraid to ask for help when you need it. I do that every day. Asking for help isn't a sign of weakness, it's a sign of strength. It shows you have the courage to admit when you don't know something, and to learn something new."
– Barack Obama
One of the keys to success is knowing when you need support and being brave enough to reach out for help.
Your loved ones, family, and friends are an integral part of your Support Network as you strive toward your learning and life goals. Know that they are there for you... and that it's okay to lean on them.
Join or create a community of designers or coders that you vibe with. Ask questions and share your challenges. You'll be amazed at how quickly your skills and understanding will grow.
And remember... when others reach out to you for support... return the love and keep the support flowing. When we support each other... we learn, grow, and build a more empowered world.
Who and/or what community is a big part of your Support Network? Leave a comment below! | <urn:uuid:64f89623-3ab7-4f7d-97f7-0dbf79356d2a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dev.to/teamtreehouse/lean-on-your-support-network-250c | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.966696 | 288 | 1.953125 | 2 |
The Olympics are a place where athletes from small countries can become instant heroes, and Rio just created an icon for an Eastern European country.
Majlinda Kelmendi won the gold medal in the under 52 kg division of judo, becoming the first athlete from Kosovo to win an Olympic medal. The 2013 and 2014 World Champion took down Evelyne Tschopp of Switzerland, Christianne Legentil of Mauritus and Misato Nakamura of Japan before defeating Odette Giuffrida of Italy in the gold medal match.
The victory is a moment of personal redemption for Kelmendi. She was the favorite entering the 2012 Olympic Games, but she lost to Legentil in the second round of the tournament in what was considered a major upset. She was also unable attempt to three peat her World Championship, as she was injured last year and unable to compete.
The Pride Of Kosovo
Kelmendi already had a memorable Olympic Games prior to Sunday, as she became the first person to be the flag bearer for Kosovo in the Olympics.
The IOC did not recognize Kosovo as an independent country prior to the 2012 Games, so Kelmendi represented Albania in London. The International Judo Federation, however, recognized Kosovo in 2013, so when Kelmendi won the gold medal that year, she became the first ever World Champion to represent Kosovo; however, she competed as an independent athlete in 2014 when the World Championships were held in Russia as Russia did not recognize Kosovo as an independent nation. The IOC officially recognized Kosovo at the end of 2014.
Kelmendi lead the Kosovo delegation, which sent eight athletes to Rio, in the Opening Ceremonies. She has said that she hoped to give her home country a reason to laugh and smile as they continue to heal. It is safe to say Kelmendi has done more than that, as she has become a hero in her home country. | <urn:uuid:692a4fd9-a50d-4948-b0cd-2f559d51caf7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vavel.com/en-us/more-sports/2016/08/07/678748-rio-2016-majlinda-kelmendi-wins-kosovos-first-ever-olympic-medal.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.983767 | 390 | 1.8125 | 2 |
(Bloomberg) -- The U.S., China and other leading economies confront a massive funding gap of $15.8 trillion in 2050 to ensure lifetime financial support for their aging populations.
That’s according to a report spearheaded by former U.K. Financial Services Authority Chairman Adair Turner for the prestigious Group of 30, comprised of current and former policy makers.
“If public policies and individual behaviors do not change, many countries’ pension systems will face a severe crisis, threatening either unaffordable public expenditure pressures or inadequate incomes for retirees,” Turner said in a statement.
The projected $15.8 trillion shortfall is adjusted for inflation so the actual nominal dollar amount in 2050 will be materially larger, equivalent to 23% of global gross domestic product that year, according to the 75-page report.
The G-30, which includes Bank of England Governor Mark Carney and former U.S. Treasury Secretaries Timothy Geithner and Lawrence Summers, mainly blamed antiquated pension and retirement systems for the yawning financing gap, which it pegged at $1.2 trillion in 2018. Smaller projected returns on savings -- in an era of low interest rates -- aggravate the problem.
The report – which covers 21 countries, including Japan, Germany, India and Mexico, accounting for 90% of global GDP – said the coming crisis is not just about pensions. Lifetime financial security also depends on the availability of public health, housing and transportation services, as well as on informal community and family support.
The G-30 advocated a mixture of policies to tackle the problem:
- Increasing the official retirement age by at least four-to-six years by 2050 while enabling people to work longer. A quarter of the funding gap could be closed if retirees on average worked 20% of the time of standard-aged workers.
- Promoting higher savings by individuals and increasing taxes to support public pensions. Such steps might include mandatory savings programs.
- Accepting that expected incomes in retirement may need to be lower. For middle and high-income retirees, that might mean living on 60% of average pre-retirement incomes, rather than 75%.
The report’s working group, which included UBS Group AG Chairman Axel Weber and BlackRock Vice Chairman Philipp Hildebrand, also called for action to reduce the administration and asset management costs borne by people saving for retirement. That might include establishing national utilities to provide bulk processing and purchasing of asset management services.
Reforms to minimize investment management costs must be a priority, according to the report.
The G-30 said that while the shift by corporations away from defined benefit to defined contribution retirement plans like 401(k)s for their workers had in some ways been inevitable, it has not worked out well for many individuals. The group suggested hybrid retirement programs as a possible solution, including guaranteeing minimum investment returns for defined contributions.
“Reforms to defined contribution should enable individuals to benefit from collective investment management, at low cost, and not have their retirement savings hostage to market cycles as much as they are today,” G-30 Chairman and Singapore senior minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam said in a statement.
The report acknowledges that confronting the coming crisis will be difficult because it will involve potentially politically unpopular decisions.
Making it “even more arduous is that it occurs at a time when governmental institutions are increasingly mistrusted, mainstream political parties are under strain," and voters are becoming more diverse as well as "susceptible to populist rhetoric and demagoguery,” the G-30 said.
To contact the reporter on this story: Rich Miller in Washington at email@example.com
To contact the editors responsible for this story: Margaret Collins at firstname.lastname@example.org, Vince Golle
©2019 Bloomberg L.P. | <urn:uuid:9ac3de9c-abaa-4fe7-a2e1-f73ecb820113> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/severe-15-8-trillion-pension-crisis-looms-worldwide-g-30-says-1.1347950 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.946763 | 792 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Valve surgery, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and congenital l defect (“ birth defects”) repair are types of cardiac surgical procedures performed.
What are Heart Valves?
Valves are one-way gates in the heart that keep blood flowing between the chambers and in the same direction. There are four valves in the heart, and each one has flap-like “ doors” (called cusps or leaflets) that open and close with each heartbeat. The two most common heart valve conditions are:
- Narrowing (” stenosis”) when a valve doesn’t open fully.
- Leakage (“ insufficiency “ or “ regurgitation”) when the valve doesn’t close tightly.
Heart Valve surgery:- The goal of this operation is to Repair (mend the valve to help it work better) or Replace one or more malfunctioning heart valve with a new valve (Mechanical or Biological).
Types of prosthetic valves– The choice between the two types depends on certain patient characteristics and ability to take lifelong anticoagulant (blood thinner).
- Mechanical valves are created from man – made materials and are designed to last forever but have a higher risk of blood clot formation on them. Lifetime therapy with blood thinner is needed.
- Biological (tissue) valves are made of animal or human tissue. They don’t last as long as mechanical valves, degenerate (Wear out) typically lasting about 10-15 years and another open- heart operation to replace the valve may be needed. However, long-term use of an anticoagulant is often not needed.
What does Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or Bypass Surgery Means?
Narrowing of the arteries that branch off from the body’s main blood supplier called the “ aorta” to feed the heart is called coronary artery disease (CAD) CAD prevents the heart from getting the blood and oxygen it needs giving rise to chest pain or heart attack. The goal of coronary artery bypass grafting (GABG) is to improve blood flow to the heart. Bypass means and alternate route. In CABG operation healthy veins or arteries from another part of the body are taken and used to build a new road and “ bypass: the blockage in a diseased coronary artery.
How is open heart surgery performed?
- Patient is put under general anesthesia (Completely asleep)
- An incision is made in the sternum (breastbone) to open the chest and gain access to the heart
- During valve surgery (& most CABG), the heart must not beat and is temporarily stopped using chemicals or cold (hypothermia).
- When the heart is stopped, blood circulation is maintained with a heart-lung machine or a cardiopulmonary bypass machine. This functions like the heart and lungs, circulating blood and providing oxygen to the body. The body is connected to the machine through the vessels in the heart or groin
- Unlike other kinds of heart surgery, the chambers of the heart are not opened during bypass surgery
- Once the surgery is done, the heart and lungs take over again.
What are the risk of open heart surgery?
As no procedure can ever be truly free of risks, open heart surgery too has its sets of minor and major complications. The risks very from patient to patient as well as from one type of hear surgery to another possible complications include:
- Bleeding at the incision site or from the area of the heart where srgery performed is common transfusion of >10 units may be necessary in 3-5%
- Abnormal heart rhythm (up to 15-60%): in rare cases a temporary external, or permanent internal pacemaker may be necessary to correct this problem
- An emergency surgery may be necessary to repair andy problems.
- Heart attack (1-4)
- Death (2-10.3%) in different types of heart surgeries
- Stroke & deterioration in intellectual function (2-4%)
- Wound breakdown
- Respiratory complication
- Kidney failure (up to 30%)
- Infections may occur
- Cardiac tamponade: A life- threatening condition where the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart fills with bblood may also occur. | <urn:uuid:20ee46cf-748e-4329-a027-5ef16b3c099a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://addiscardiacenter.com/e/open-heart-surgery-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.908189 | 915 | 3.796875 | 4 |
NDAA 2013: Congress approves domestic deceptive propaganda
Reauthorizing the indefinite detention of US citizens without charge might be the scariest provision in next year’s defense spending bill, but it certainly isn’t the only one worth worrying about.
An amendment tagged on the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013 would allow for the United States government to create and distribute pro-American propaganda within the country’s own borders under the alleged purpose of putting al-Qaeda’s attempts at persuading the world against Western ideals on ice. Former US representatives went out of there way to ensure their citizens that they’d be excluded from government-created media blasts, but two lawmakers currently serving the country are looking to change all that.Congressmen Mac Thornberry (R-TX) and Adam Smith (D-WA) introduced “The Smith-Mundt Modernization Act of 2012” (H.R. 5736) last week during discussions for the NDAA 2013. It was voted on by the US House of Representatives to be included in next year’s defense spending bill, which was then voted on as a whole and approved. The amendment updates the antiquated Smith-Mundt Act of 1948 and Foreign Relations Authorization Act of 1987, essentially clarifying that the US State Department and the Broadcasting Board of Governors may “prepare, disseminate and use public diplomacy information abroad,” but while also striking down a long-lasting ban on the domestic dissemination in America. For the last several decades, the federal government has been authorized to use such tactics overseas to influence foreign support of America’s wars abroad, but has been barred from such strategies within the US. If next year’s NDAA clears the US Senate and is signed by President Obama with the Thornberry-Smith provision intact, then restrictions on propaganda being force-fed to Americans would be rolled back entirety.Both Congressmen Thornberry and Smith say that the amendment isn’t being pushed to allow for the domestic distribution of propaganda, but the actual text of the provision outlines that, if approved by the Senate and signed by President Barack Obama, that very well could be the case.“We continue to face a multitude of threats and we need to be able to counter them in a multitude of ways.Communication is among the most important,” Rep. Thornberry explains in his initial press release on the bill.“This outdated law ties the hands of America’s diplomatic officials, military, and others by inhibiting our ability to effectively communicate in a credible and transparent way. Congress has a responsibility to fix the situation.”On his part, Rep. Smith says that al-Qaeda is infiltrating the Internet in order to drive anti-American sentiments ablaze. If the amendment he co-sponsors is passed, the US government would be able to fight fire with fire.“While the Smith-Mundt Act of 1948 was developed to counter communism during the Cold War, it is outdated for the conflicts of today,” Rep. Smith says in his official statement. “Effective strategic communication and public diplomacy should be front-and-center as we work to roll back al-Qaeda’s and other violent extremists’ influence among disaffected populations.An essential part of our efforts must be a coordinated, comprehensive, adequately resourced plan to counter their radical messages and undermine their recruitment abilities. To do this, Smith-Mundt must be updated to bolster our strategic communications and public diplomacy capacity on all fronts and mediums – especially online.”Does that mean that the anti-Nazi and damning communism adverts that were a hallmark of America during the Second World War and the Cold War, respectively, will be updated to outrage Americans against the country’s alleged enemies? It isn’t ruled out, for sure. Both Congressmen Thornberry and Smith have tried to dull the American public’s quickly surmounting outrage by saying that the act won’t be used for brainwashing purposes, but by letting Uncle Sam’s propaganda-spewing communication machine have free roam on the Web and elsewhere, it would absolutely be allowed.“Clearly there are ways to modernize for the information age without wiping out the distinction between domestic and foreign audiences,” Michael Shank of the Institute for Economics and Peace in Washington tells Buzzfeed, who broke the news of the amendment. "That Reps Adam Smith and Mac Thornberry want to roll back protections put in place by previously-serving Senators – who, in their wisdom, ensured limits to taxpayer–funded propaganda promulgated by the US government – is disconcerting and dangerous."Responding to the quickly escalating backlash, Rep. Smith attacked allegations that he is encouraging pro-American propaganda on US soil. “This amendment is intended to ensure that the US government can get factual information out in a timely manner to counter extremist misinformation and propaganda,” he writes in a follow-up statement. “It does not and is not in any way intended to ‘legalize the use of propaganda on American audiences’ and, in fact, specifically ensures that the content to be rebroadcast or republished domestically by the Department of State and the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG) shall not influence public opinion in the US. It clearly states, no funds authorized to be appropriated to State Department or BBG for any activity shall be used to influence public opinion.”Regardless of his or Mr. Thornberry’s intentions, the text of the legislation speaks for itself. Rep. Smith contributed to this year’s NDAA with another provision, submitted with co-author Congressman Justin Amash (R-Michigan). With that amendment, the two lawmakers proposed that the US military be stripped of their power to indefinitely detain US citizens without charge, a right granted to them under last year’s defense spending bill. Unlike the amendment Rep. Smith introduced with Thornberry, the House shot down that proposal. | <urn:uuid:840ec430-4aef-4ead-9750-32db616bbfe1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rt.com/usa/propaganda-us-smith-amendment-903/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948756 | 1,232 | 1.515625 | 2 |
It was characteristic of the varieties of rationalism that prevailed in the eighteenth century that they favoured universality, objectivity, clarity, order, and deliberation. The revolt against them concentrated with varying degrees of emphasis upon what is unique to the individual or to the nation, what is subjective, mysterious, spontaneous, and unrestrained. Its ideal is the free, independent, and creative individual, who is characteristically a rebel against tradition and a subverter of institutions, who spends himself and others in his search for depth of experience and authentic self expression. Not all of these attitudes are opposed to every kind of rationalism. Indeed the newer scientific form of rational humanism has lent support to the demand for creativity—to such an extent that John Weightman is prepared to trace the concept of the avant-garde to the influence of science: ‘[The avant-garde]… is basically connected with science, and with what is sometimes called the scientific revolution, the replacement of the medieval belief in a finished universe by the modern scientific view of a universe evolving in time’.1 But scientists themselves are in a position to develop a cumulative understanding of the natural world, whereas artists enjoy no such opportunity. The artist may, significantly, engage in constant ‘experiment’, but there are no accepted means of validating his results. Romantic humanism, therefore, takes over the creative, but not the critical, emphasis of science. Indeed in some recent forms it has tended to repudiate the scientific world-view altogether on the ground that it reduces man and nature to the status of mere objects.
It is characteristic of scientific humanism to maintain that it is in principle possible to solve ethical problems given enough empirical knowledge. It follows a fortiori that, for the scientific humanist, if two people disagree about a point of morals at least one of them must be mistaken—even if, in our present state of knowledge, we cannot tell which one that is. That is to say, scientific humanism is objectivist as also were the older forms of rational humanism. None of them is prepared to envisage ultimate and irreconcilable disagreement in matters of right or wrong, although of course, people may in fact continue to differ, since men are both fallible and wilful. Morality is a rational construction which can be given, in principle at least, a scientific basis. Because of this it applies to everyone, even if not everyone is prepared to recognize it.
The romantic humanist, by contrast, rejects the restraints that such an objective morality would impose upon his individual creativity and freedom. Once it is conceded that it is possible, if only in principle, to discern by some rational process what is right or wrong, the individual is, he feels, to that extent in fetters. His will is no longer sovereign and he has no alternative but to ‘nurse unacted desires’ (to use William Blake's phrase). Sincerity and spontaneity are forfeit, because there is an inevitable hypocrisy in following the demands of objective duty when, as must often happen, one's deepest inclination is to do otherwise. How can a man ‘be himself’ when required to subscribe to an ethic which does not proceed from his own soul? The romantic's model is the unattached artist who is prepared to subordinate the interests of others, even his own interest, to the development of his genius. As Weightman writes:
It has long been axiomatic in France that the artist has to be a rebel, an outcast, a demolisher of old forms, a hater of the bourgeoisie, an exceptional individual who lives according to his private anticipation of the laws of the perfect society of the future, not according to the defective rules of existing society.2
Accordingly the romantic humanist is committed to a subjectivist moral philosophy; either that or the rejection of morality altogether. By ‘subjectivism’ I mean the contradictory of objectivism’: the view that it is not the case that if two people contradict one another on a point of morals at least one of them must be mistaken.3 In using the expression ‘at least one of them must be mistaken’ I intend something stronger than ‘one cannot consistently agree with both’. To be an objectivist is to hold that whether something is or is not morally right is independent of the attitudes or inclinations of any particular speaker or set of speakers. It is to deny what Professor R. M. Hare explicitly asserts, that ‘all moral arguments are ad hominem’.4 The terms ‘subjective’ and ‘objective’ have been used variously in the history of moral philosophy and I would not use them if I could think of better ones to mark the distinction that I have in mind. As I use them, the terms ‘objective’ and ‘subjective’ exhaust the field; and they are, of course, mutually exclusive. The term ‘objective’ has in the past been applied to the doctrine that saying that anything is good or right we are mentioning a property which it has, the property of goodness or rightness. A typical objectivist, according to this usage, is G. E. Moore, who held that the word ‘good’ stands for a unique, unanalysable, simple property, on the analogy of ‘yellow’; though, unlike yellow, it is a ‘non-natural’ property. The term ‘subjective’ has often been applied to the doctrine that it is the sole function of moral judgements to describe or express the speaker's feelings. When ‘objective’ and ‘subjective’ are understood in these ways they do not, of course, exhaust the field. A theory may be neither objectivist nor subjectivist. Hare's moral philosophy, for example, is not in any sense objectivist; but equally it is not subjectivist in this sense. However, few philosophers would now advocate either objectivism or subjectivism in these narrower senses, which makes it easier to drop them quickly and continue to use the words in a way that does mark an important distinction.
The essential claim of subjectivism, so understood, is that morality is constituted by the principles or the attitudes which an individual adopts, freely and responsibly, as his answer to the question, ‘How shall I live?’ Its central contention is that moral disagreement can always be analysed into two components: (i) disagreement about the facts; (ii) disagreement in values (sometimes called ‘disagreement in attitude’). Disagreement about the facts is, in principle, resolvable. Disagreement in values may be ultimate. It follows that a moral argument may always break down, because even should the disputants come to agree about the facts, there is no guarantee of their achieving agreement in attitude or any reason, ultimately, why they should. And once the issue of fact is settled, there is no rational way of settling the moral point. As Sir Alfred Ayer once put it, crudely but concisely, ‘I lay down one rule and you lay down another and the issue between us is a subject for persuasion and finally a matter for individual choice’.5 For romantic humanism therefore, to repeat Iris Murdoch's words, it is always the case that ‘action involves choosing between worlds, not moving in a world’.
There are, as we shall see later, technical considerations of logic which influenced philosophers of the analytic tradition in arriving at this position. Nevertheless, the correspondence with the diffused romanticism of literature and the arts is striking. In his book, The Characters of Love, Professor John Bayley refers to Hume's remark that all men agree to tread on the pavement instead of upon their fellows' toes:
Does such an agreement still exist? In life obviously it does; for purposes of daily convenience we still agree not to tread on each other's toes, but is there any comparable agreement in the world of the writer? Do we and Proust tacitly agree that toe-treading is wrong? On the contrary, it is an article of faith today that nothing shall be taken for granted between reader and author; we must submit ourselves to the purity of his insight and accept or reject it in the isolation of our own responses.6
Both developments betray a cultural situation in which the ‘cleavage between fact and values’, to which Basil Willey referred is taken for granted. And this is influenced by a pervasive assumption that ‘facts’ are the preserve of science and common sense. The question for moral philosophy then becomes ‘can values be derived from facts so understood?’: the ‘naturalist’ maintains that they can; the ‘non-naturalist’ that they cannot.
The most rigorously worked out form of what I am calling ‘subjectivism’ is the ‘prescriptivism’ of Professor R. M. Hare as it was presented in The Language of Morals.7 In Freedom and Reason and his more recent work Hare has modified and developed his doctrine in such a way that it can no longer be taken as the philosophical equivalent of romantic humanism.8 But his earlier position is still, I think, that which a romantic humanist would have to adhere to if he wished to defend his position against philosophical criticism.
According to this view, when we call an action, a character or a situation of ‘good’, it is necessary to distinguish between the meaning of the word ‘good’ which is given by its use as a term of commendation, i.e. its ‘evaluative meaning’, and the criteria for the application of the word, which consist in those characteristics in virtue of which the agent resolves to commend the action, character or situation, its ‘descriptive meaning’. The criteria specified, the ‘descriptive meaning’, will vary with the moral code of the agent; the commendatory function of the word, its ‘evaluative meaning’ remains constant. A request for reasons for calling something ‘good’ is to be met by indicating the characteristics in virtue which I commend it.
Similarly with decisions. If called upon to justify a decision, I must refer to the principle upon which it was based; and, if called upon to justify that, I must indicate the consequences of the universal application of the principle (for it is these consequences which provide the principle with its content). And so, as Hare points out, we could ultimately be driven back to ‘a complete specification of the way of life of which the (original) principle is part’. And he goes on to say: ‘This complete specification it is impossible in practice to give; the nearest attempts are those given by the great religions, especially those which can point to historical persons who carried out the way of life in practice.’9 Moral vocabulary is, of course, very much richer than the discussion so far suggests. It is not restricted to ‘good’ and ‘bad’, ‘right’ and ‘wrong’. We have only to turn to some of the examples given earlier.10 In the two lists of words in educational use there occur, on the one side, ‘duty’, ‘wicked’, ‘scholar’, ‘naughty’; on the other side ‘anti-social’, ‘uncooperative’, ‘creative’, ‘open-ended’. To the first list one could add all the words for traditional virtues and vices: ‘honesty’, ‘dishonesty’, ‘courage’, ‘benevolence’, ‘malice’, etc.
The prescriptivist regards it as a strength in his theory that he can apply it to these words also, in such a way as to explain how the transition can take place from the one list to the other. For a word's evaluative meaning may alter, while its descriptive meaning remains the same, or vice versa; in some words the evaluative meaning is primary, in others the descriptive. Potter, we may remember, was unhappy about the ‘weird associations’ that the word ‘duty’ had accumulated—to such an extent, indeed, that he was reluctant to use it.11 A word may become so polluted that it must be carefully sterilized before it is fit for circulation again. All these cases can be accommodated once it is recognized that every such word has, so to speak, its evaluative and descriptive components. Thus the word ‘duty’ tends to be associated with the performance of a role. My ‘duty’ is typically my duty as a soldier, a doctor, a member of Parliament, a father, a husband; and such duties in a stable society are comparatively fixed and unalterable. That is to say the criteria for the application of the word ‘duty’ are comparatively inflexible. Given this situation someone like Potter who, we may suppose, dislikes the social order in which the concept of duty is, (or was), embedded has two courses open to him. He may try to detach ‘duty’ from its existing criteria and talk, for example, of the individual's ‘duty’ to criticize the institutions under which he lives; or, if these criteria are too strong for him—if the ‘descriptive meaning’ remains obstinately primary—he must give up the use of this word and look for another, when he wants to be prescriptive. He may, of course, still find it convenient to use the word in what Hare calls its ‘inverted comma sense’: ‘Do your “duty” if you must, but you forfeit my respect.’ So Gareth Rees in his letter to The Times sees more ‘old-fashioned good Christianity’ in his trendy comprehensive than in ‘any religious, excellent, patriotic, single-sex, single-caste establishment’. Excellent' is used in the inverted-comma sense; for clearly Rees himself does not commend that kind of school.
The Underlying process is described by Hare:
Moral principles or standards are first established; then they get too rigid, and the words used in referring to them becomes too dominantly descriptive; their evaluative force has to be painfully revived before the standards are out of danger. In the course of revival, the standards get adapted to changed circumstances; moral reform takes place, and its instrument is the evaluative use of value-language. The remedy, in fact, for moral stagnation and decay is to learn to use our value-language for the purpose for which it is designed; and this involves not merely a lesson in talking, but a lesson in doing that which we commend; for unless we are prepared to do this we are doing no more than pay lip-service to a conventional standard.12
Morality changes, we are given to understand, through individuals or groups coming to commend or condemn different things and modifying language by the various devices we have noticed, and others, so that it is fitted to express these new valuations. And it is a corollary of this process that incompatible moral attitudes compete for our approval and acceptance. But how is the individual to adjudicate between these rival moralities? So long as each of them is internally consistent there is, apparently, no reason why he should prefer one to another. ‘Moralities’ (the plural here is natural) are invested with a sort of impermeability. Taking their origin in the individual's resolve to live in a certain way, they can find their ultimate justification only in the resolve which created them and, if other people choose to resolve otherwise, there is no way of settling the dispute. Hare makes this explicit in the passage quoted earlier. Suppose we were able (as in practice we are not) to give a complete specification of the way of life to which we are committed:
Suppose… that we can give it, if the inquirer still goes on asking ‘But why should I live like that?’ then there is no further answer to give him, because we have already ex hypothesi, said everything that could be included in this further answer. We can only ask him to make up his own mind which way he ought to live, for in the end everything rests upon such a decision of principle. He has to decide whether to accept that way of life or not; if he accepts it, then we can proceed to justify the decisions that are based upon it; if he does not accept it, then let him accept some other and try to live by it.13
This philosophical approach stresses two characteristically romantic themes, sincerity and commitment, although it does so primarily in order to solve a logical problem. If the function of moral language is to guide choices, there must, it seems, be some logical connection between my use of the word ‘good’ (or other word of moral commendation) and my actually doing, or at least choosing to do, the appropriate action. Thus, it is argued, the fundamental weakness of all objectivist theories is that, if they are correct, a man can become convinced that an action open to him would be right and still say ‘so what?’ and refuse to do it. In the prescriptivist scheme this cannot happen. For within that scheme it is a matter of definition that a man cannot be using a moral word in its evaluative (as distinct from ‘inverted comma’) sense unless he thereby commits himself to action of the kind indicated. And whenever he is asked to make a moral judgement about any matter, however remote it may seem to be from immediate action—as in judging a historical or fictitious character—the question before him always is ‘Am I prepared, in similar situations to this, to act as my judgement requires that he, being so situated, should act?’
Hence what we normally regard as ‘weakness of will’ tends in the prescriptivist system to be represented as a sort of insincerity. The individual who does not act in accordance with the moral principles he avows shows by that fact that he is not wholly sincere in his avowal of them; there is an element of mauvaise foi.
Creativity, sincerity, freedom, commitment; these, then, are romantic values that are formally incorporated within prescriptivism. Other romantic values are not. The prescriptivist need not value spontaneity or variety of experience or mystery or instinct. He need not, and generally does not, express hostility to ‘the scientific world-view’. But he does provide a philosophical rationale for those who choose these values, so long as they choose them consistently and sincerely. For his central doctrine about fact and value licenses such choices and protects them from criticism in the name of morality. For, given the doctrine, the critic has no firmer ground to stand upon than has the romantic humanist himself.
If morality consists in the individual's answer to the question, ‘how shall I live?’, it is likely that different people will give different answers and that the same individual will give different answers at different times. Not only will one man's morality have no authority for another man, unless he chooses to make it his own, but a man at any given time cannot regard himself as bound by his earlier moral choices, except in so far as he elects to be so bound. And there is, arguably, an element of insincerity, in a man's adhering to past decisions in the face of present spontaneous impulses to the contrary. Hence there is a marked tendency to disintegration in romantic humanism. Add to this the free man's unwillingness to be swayed by tradition or convention and you have the commitment to the Zeitgeist which is a familiar feature of the romantic outlook. As Weightman puts it, ‘the fashion of the moment becomes as it were a temporary absolute’.14 But the idea of creativity exercises an independent influence here and directs attention away from the present to the future. For it is plausible to regard the creative man as the one who anticipates the future; what else could his creativity consist in? To the extent that there remain vestiges of the idea of the perfectibility of man these will reinforce this tendency, as also will a certain contagion from the cumulative progress of science.
These ideas have entered very deeply into the attitudes of the contemporary intellectual and are indeed taken for granted by him. Consider, for example, Mr Oliver Whitley's defence of the BBC policy of giving creative writers their head with the minimum of editorial control:
The artist is a kind of radar. Ezra Pound called him the antenna of the race. Shelley… said that poets are ‘the mirrors of the gigantic shadows which futurity casts upon the present’… The artist sees things sooner than other people, or further off, or both.… The artist probes around the outer edges of acceptance, thereby increasing the range of man's understanding of himself… So far from accepting a brief to defend the virtues of the present or the past, he claims freedom, and uses it, to indict the present by proclaiming the future.15
The notion that a man should be sincere and creative very easily becomes associated with spontaneity and avoidance of hypocrisy, and so with innocence and freedom from repression. That individual is most distinctive whose impulses are strongest and who restrains them least. So the romantic can maintain with Blake: ‘Sooner murder an infant in its cradle than nurse unacted desires’.
It is not a great distance from this to the idea, which so absorbs the modern imagination, of the holy criminal, the man who dares to use his freedom and demonstrate his uninhibited spontaneity by violating the most sacred principles of traditional morality. If he himself suffers along with his victims, this is a witness to his readiness to accept all that life has to offer as well as to do all that it permits. Hence the status of the Marquis de Sade as a romantic hero. There is, of course, nothing in subjectivism itself which positively commits a man to these excesses; there is nothing that requires him to give free rein to his impulses. He is free to opt for an austere and disciplined form of life. He may be gentle and unemphatic, or joyously exuberant.
On the other hand there is nothing, either, to require that one impulse be subordinated to another. There is no objective principle which says: ‘to be a whole man you must develop a character in which some of your inclinations are systematically restrained’ and, this being so, it will not be surprising if those impulses prevail which are ‘naturally’ stronger or which make the greater appeal to the imagination. There is, in particular, no reason why the principles which the individual chooses to make overriding (which constitute, in the prescriptivist sense, his morality) should coincide at all with those of traditional or conventional morality. The Emperor Heliogabalus (to use an example of Hare's) was so attracted by the colour of blood on grass that he was prepared to kill innocent human beings in order to achieve this aesthetic effect. His ‘morality’ was of a purely aesthetic kind but it could none the less qualify as a morality in the present sense.16 Heliogabalus is, perhaps, an example too remote and fantastic to be taken seriously. Listen, instead, to Lionel Trilling's account of the romantic insistence upon ‘the sentiment of being’:
Through the nineteenth century art has as one of its chief intentions to induce in the audience the sentiment of being, to recruit the primitive strength that a highly developed culture has diminished.… As the century advances the sentiment of being, of being strong, is increasingly subsumed under the conception of personal authenticity. The work of art is itself authentic by reason of its entire self-definition: it is understood to exist wholly by the laws of its own being, which include the right to embody painful, ignoble, or socially inacceptable subject-matters. Similarly the artist seeks his personal authenticity in his entire autonomousness—his goal is to be as self-defining as the art-object he creates. As for the audience, its expectation is that through its communication with the work of art, which may be resistant, unpleasant, even hostile, it acquires the authenticity of which the object itself is the model and the artist the personal example’.17
It is easy to see from Trilling's account how this attitude can get carried over from art into life.
The authority of conscience, on this model, is an authority which the individual sets up within himself. It would not be the authority of conscience if it did not make rules and stick to them consistently, but the content of these rules is not prescribed for it. The Sado-masochist can be a conscientious man, so long as he is consistent in his Sado-masochism; and, if this is so, how should conscience prevent him becoming a Sadomasochist, if he otherwise inclined to be one? And perhaps he is inclined to be one to the extent that he sets the highest value on intensity of feeling and finds that, in his search for ever greater intensity, more ordinary experiences disappoint him. This mood is well expressed by a schoolboy: ‘What worries me is the reluctance of people to risk insanity for the sake of experience. We all drown in the end, so why not go for the occasional deep-sea dive? My own hope is that we should all learn to gibber. My main fear is that we shall not listen to each other gibbering.’18 Morality is nothing, we are inclined to say, if it is not a protection against these excesses, but the morality of romantic humanism has no resources from which it might afford such protection.
To say that morality should be a protection against such excesses is implicitly to appeal to a more traditional conception of morality. And at this stage in our investigation it becomes apparent that two conceptions or morality are current today and that our present confusion about morality is partly due to this. On the one hand we think of morality as primarily the possession of the individual (though, or course, he may share it with others). It consists of the attitudes and principles he adopts for the ordering of his life and is prepared to recommend others to adopt; which, in the event of conflict, he regards as overriding. The characteristic idiom of this way of thinking is the use of ‘morality’ in the plural. We have become accustomed to talking of liberal morality or bourgeois morality, the protestant or even the Shakespearean ethic. ‘Moralities’ represent alternative options between which we are free to choose.
On the other hand we also continue to think and speak of ‘morality’ in the singular as a set of principles binding upon all men, whose function it is to check the individual's impulses in the interests of others. Only a minority are sophisticated enough to be quite at home with the notion of alternative moralities and even they let go of it sometimes. There is for workaday purposes amoral code which is sufficiently accepted in our society—at least we feel intuitively that there ought to be—and for the unsophisticated most of the time and the sophisticated some of the time, this it what is meant by ‘morality’.
The subjectivist gives his own account of this state of affairs. There is, no doubt, a traditional or conventional morality, which (to use Hare's expressive metaphor) has been largely ‘incapsulated’ in our language. In a society with a Christian past this conventional morality is likely to have been infected with Christian assumptions, and it is not surprising that it should often seem, even now, to be self-evident to many people who are not professing Christians. In just the same way the great Victorian agnostics found it natural to believe that the morality they accepted, which was substantially Christian, stood in no need of supernatural backing. But for the subjectivist this appearance of objectivity is, nevertheless, an illusion. It is for us to exercise our freedom in criticizing this traditional ethic and in taking over as much or as little of it as we independently decide.
But, we tend to ask, can this account do justice to our obstinate conviction that we are not entirely free to pick and choose among ‘moralities’ but are compelled to recognize at least some moral demands, whether we like them or not? Much of our traditional morality may be a legacy from the Christian centuries, but is this true of all of it? Are there not moral notions which command the allegiance of decent men and women everywhere?
This is a characteristically Anglo-Saxon appeal and the type of humanism I propose to discuss next is a typically (if not quite uniquely) Anglo-Saxon phenomenon. I shall call it ‘liberal humanism’. It is best understood as an accommodation or compromise between rational humanism and romantic humanism. It represents, I believe, the moral standpoint of the average English or American intellectual, who is attracted by the libertarian appeal of romantic humanism but cannot stomach its anarchic implications. It is, after all, hard to see how there could exist a society of solitary romantics, each legislating in sovereign autonomy for himself and others. Yet it is obvious that no individual can grow to maturity and become a human personality at all, capable of generating his own ideals, except in a society of some kind. Romantic humanism, that is to say, suffers from an ineradicable incoherence, if taken as a complete account of morality.
There must be a basic social framework if the interesting personalities so dear to the romantic are to develop, let alone flourish. To be effective this cannot be at the mercy of individual decision. It must, that is to say, be an objective morality. And in fact the broad outlines of such a morality can be discerned in societies of very diverse cultural and religious backgrounds—as emerges clearly from A. M. Macbeath's study of the anthropological evidence in his Gifford Lectures, Experiments in Living.19 It comprises what C. S. Lewis called ‘the ultimate platitudes of practical reason’.
The platitudes do not get much attention because, being platitudes, they are not particularly interesting. They are taken for granted. People who in their everyday life respect them need not be very exciting, or, if they are exciting, it is not this characteristic which makes them so. It is easy, therefore, to overlook their importance; particularly easy, perhaps, for intellectuals who have a connoisseur's interest in what differentiates people. It is, of course, true that ways of life vary-not only the ways of life that men have, in fact, practised, but the ways of life they have thought worth attempting. The modern mind, with its romantic bias, is entirely alive to the diversity and, in many respects, the incompatibility, of competing ways of life; and its tendency is to emphasize this feature and to neglect, or even to deny, the fundamental platitudes which they have in common. This tendency has been accentuated by the work of anthropologists, some of whom have uncritically assumed that their discipline presupposes a thoroughgoing cultural relativism. The anthropologist is interested primarily in explaining the content of any system of morality in terms of its function in maintaining the way of life of a particular society and everything he says about it is relative to the culture of that society. Within the framework of such an enquiry there is no room, and no need, for comparison between the standards of different societies. This methodological restriction can be uncritically erected into a philosophical principle. Ethical intuitionists, like Sir David Ross, who called attention to the widespread acceptance of the platitudes, were accordingly accused of simply manifesting a preference for the ethical norms of their own society. As A. C. Ewing remarked:
Ross's prima facie duties have most unfairly been described as just the code of the English gentleman. But it would surely be hard to find a community anywhere in which the fact that you had made a promise was not regarded as a reason for keeping it; the fact that you had harmed someone, as a reason for making reparation; the fact that someone had intentionally benefited you, as a reason for showing gratitude. Even such a perverted system as that of the Nazis, did not reject the prima facie duties as such, but gave bad reasons for breaking them in a number of cases.20
Like earlier rationalists Ross and other intuitionists thought that these prima-facie duties were self-evident. They were known by an intuition akin to that by which, in his view, the axioms of Euclidean geometry were known. We just, so to speak, ‘see’ that we ought to refrain from murder, keep promises, tell the truth, etc. and there is no further explanation to be given why we have these obligations and not others. They were, that is to say, rational humanists of an old-fashioned kind. It is not surprising that anthropologists, and social scientists generally, were dissatisfied with this position. It is obvious enough that such moral rules have a social function and it is hard to believe that their obligatory character is unrelated to it. As Macbeath points out:
Any tolerable form of social life requires that there should be rules governing the relations between persons in regard to such matters as intercommunication, return for services rendered, sex relations, respect for life and property etc., and that they should be generally obeyed. And the rules contained in lists of prima facie obligations are in general such obvious conditions of individual and social well-being that most of them are included in the moral codes of most peoples.21
Perhaps the most interesting discussion of the matter is to be found in Professor Herbert Hart's The Concept of Law. He considers it under the heading, The Minimum Content of Natural Law’. What he there discusses is, he admits, ‘only a very attenuated version of Natural Law’, for the traditional doctrine based natural law on a metaphysical conception of the good for man and, as Hart says, ‘Aristotle includes in it the disinterested cultivation of the human intellect, and Aquinas the knowledge of God, and both these represent values which may be and have been challenged.’22 The truisms which he sets forth (more correctly called ‘truisms’ than ‘platitudes’) are based simply on ‘the argument that without such a content law and morals could not forward the minimum purpose of survival which men have in associating with each other’.
Hart lists five truisms:
- (1) Human vulnerability.… If men were to lose their vulnerability to each other there would vanish one obvious reason for the most characteristic provision of law and morals: Thou shalt not kill.
- (2) Approximate equality.… This fact of approximate equality, more than other, makes obvious the necessity for a system of mutual forbearance and compromise, which is the base of both legal and moral obligation. [In the absence of such a system life would be, in the Hobbesian phrase, ‘solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short’.]…
- (3) Limited altruism.… Men are not devils… but neither are they angels; and the fact that they are a mean between these two extremes makes a system of mutual forbearance both necessary and possible.…
- (4) Limited resources.… Human beings need food, clothes, and shelter.… but [these] are scarce, have to be grown or won from nature, or have to be constructed from human toil. These facts alone make indispensable some minimal form of the institution of property (though not necessarily individual property) and the distinctive kind of rule that requires respect for it.…
- (5) Limited understanding and strength of will.… The facts that make rules respecting persons, property and promises necessary in social life are simple and their mutual benefits obvious. Most men are capable of seeing them and of sacrificing the immediate short-term interest which conformity to such rules demands.… [But]… all are tempted at times to prefer their own immediate interests and, in the absence of a special organization for their detection and punishment, many would succumb to the temptation.23
Hart is concerned to draw attention to certain general features of the human situation which render necessary a basic social morality of some kind. He does not in this passage give much indication of the precise content of such a morality, but what matters at this point is less the precise content of such a list of platitudes than the principle upon which it is compiled. The obligations and virtues which occur in the list are there because their recognition and sufficient practice is held to be a necessary condition of any tolerable human existence. They are not logically necessary, as Kant thought, but, to use Strawson's phrase, ‘humanly necessary’.
If this scheme is accepted it provides, within certain limits, an objective morality that is capable of rational justification. It concedes at least some of the central claims of rational humanism without seeking the authority of science or appealing to dubious ‘intuitions’ or problematical conceptions of ‘nature’, and to that extent restricts the freedom of the romantic humanist to devise a morality which is the unrestrained expression of his own personality. For, should he object to the concept of a basic social morality as such, he could be made to recognize that it is a necessary condition of any social life, which in turn is a necessary condition of his realizing his own purposes, or indeed of his becoming a person at all. If he objected to reciprocity as a feature of morality he could be made to see that a putative moral system which lacked this feature could not perform its function of harmonizing people's interests. If he objected to the inclusion in a moral system of particular requirements, such as that he should tell the truth or keep promises or condemn cruelty or commend courage, he could be shown that these are necessary features of any system capable of furthering men's interests to the extent needed for a stable society.
But this basic morality is also strictly limited in its range and scope. It falls far short of the developed morality of any civilized society. Insistence upon this limitation is an essential feature of liberal humanism, which seeks to restrict the individual's moral choice only so far as is needed for the bare minimum of social control. The defect of rational humanism in all its forms, and more especially in the form of scientific humanism, is that it bases too much upon too little. It claims to be able, in principle at least, to devise a morality that will satisfy the needs of all men everywhere and to found it upon reason rather narrowly defined. It lacks a sense of the depth and the uniqueness of the individual. Its utilitarian structure turns all decisions into moral decisions, while at the same time depriving them of any personal colouring. Hence the romantic protest in the name of all that it excludes, the passions, the imagination, the urge to personal commitment.
But, as we have seen, romantic protest cannot of itself maintain a continuing culture. It is a fertilizer which, if sparingly applied, can help to produce a rich diversity of flowers from the firm soil of tradition, but which, if used without restriction, must become a solvent of the soil which nourishes it. There must be a basic social structure if the interesting personalities so dear to the romantic are to develop, let alone flourish. This, then, provides the starting-point for liberal humanism.
The Concept of the Avant-Garde, Alcove Press (1973), p. 20.
Weightman, op. cit., p. 29.
In wishing to make use of this distinction I am reassured by Mr J. L. Mackie's discussion of it in his Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong, Penguin (1977), pp. 22–5.
Freedom and Reason, Clarendon Press (1963), p. 111.
Polemic, 1947, p. 30.
Constable (1960), pp. 276–7.
Clarendon Press (1952).
In chapter 4 I shall suggest that Hare's present position has affinities with ‘liberal humanism’. Hare would not, I think, agree that the later book does more than draw out the implications of the earlier one (see Freedom and Reason, p. 200); but in The Language of Morals the account of moral reasoning developed in Parts II and III of Freedom and Reason was left incomplete. Hence it remained unclear by what rational process a choice could be made between principles, each of which was prescriptive and universalizable.
The Language of Morals, Clarendon Press (1952), pp. 68f.
In chapter I, pp. 4–6 above.
Quoted on p. 5 above.
The Language of Morals, p. 150.
Ibid., p. 69.
Weightman, op. cit., p. 15.
In an unpublished lecture on ‘Tolerance, or Some Thoughts on some responsibilities in Broadcasting’ (1966).
The example is given in Freedom and Reason, p. 161. As prescriptivism is developed in that book, Heliogabalus can be shown to be inconsistent unless prepared himself to be the victim.
Trilling, op. cit., pp. 99–100.
Images of Life, edd. Robin Richardson and John Chapman, S. C. M. (1973), p. 112.
Second Thoughts in Moral Philosophy, Routledge & Kegan Paul (1959), p. 40.
Op. cit., p. 369.
The Concept of Law, Clarendon Press (1961), p. 187.
Op. cit., pp. 190–3. | <urn:uuid:072c4ae6-c748-4304-bb77-5c78d3591914> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.giffordlectures.org/books/morality-religious-and-secular/3-romantic-humanism | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.962389 | 8,867 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Consistently, a great many personals are included in engine vehicle accidents. Whether the impact includes real property harm and damage, or is an apparently minor accident, it will probably involve making a case for harms with an insurance agency – your own, or alternate driver’s. While not all accidents are indistinguishable, there are regular steps that anybody included in an impact ought to take to guarantee that they are fittingly adjusted for their misfortunes. This article we found on johnbales.com gives a review of how an auto collision case begins.
At the Scene
As a matter of first importance, scout the security and prosperity of your travelers and alternate people included. Call the paramedics if anybody seems, by all accounts, to be harmed. Commonly wounds can happen even from apparently minor accidents. It is clearly vital for wellbeing reasons, additionally for a definitive accomplishment of any case for harms, that accident exploited people look for brief medicinal consideration. Notwithstanding clear harm, call the police and ask that an office be sent to the scene. This is critical regardless of the possibility that they seem, by all accounts, to be minor. Having a police report made at the time of the accident is amazingly imperative in discovering which driver is legitimately at deficiency. Take in more about how a police report can present your defense. Likewise, acquire the name, address, driver’s permit number, vehicle licenses, and protection data from all different drivers included. The names and contact data of any witnesses ought to additionally be assembled. In the event that conceivable, take photos of the accident scene, including the vehicles included, the area of activity signs, and any undeniable slip imprints, garbage, or other proof. You might likewise need to take notes on the climate and street conditions at the time of the accident. At long last, abstain from putting forth any expressions to alternate drivers that could later be utilized against you.
Seeking Medical Care
Getting opportune therapeutic treatment for any wounds is vital. Illuminate the treating doctor that you have been included in an engine vehicle accident. Finish on all endorsed treatment. If your manifestations don’t resolve, don’t waver to acquire a second feeling. It might likewise be useful to your case to keep a diary that points of interest any torment or indications, any treatment, and any medicine taken. The accomplishment of any case you may have for fiscal harms coming about because of real damage will depend intensely on having an exhaustive therapeutic record that reports your wounds, their connection to the accident, and their effect on your life.
Dealing with Insurers
At the earliest opportunity, contact your collision protection organization to report that a accident has happened. Your insurance agency will relegate a case number and a cases agent to handle all parts of your case. The backup plan will request that you give as much data about the accident as you can and may solicit to take a recorded proclamation from your form of occasions. If the case includes property harm to the engine vehicle, the insurance agency may convey a single person to assess the degree of harm and to figure out if the auto is repairable. Contingent upon your protection arrangement, you may have the capacity to have a rental auto given to you. | <urn:uuid:d7a96a56-c370-4458-ba09-369ba68431a1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lawyerintampa.org/tag/car/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95108 | 655 | 1.546875 | 2 |
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You may want to check into working with a tutor that uses CDs with a range of different lessons that will assist your child read rapidly. A tutor might additionally request some sort of comments from your child, which is constantly a good concept. This will certainly allow you to evaluate whether or not the tutor is listening very carefully and is in fact instructing the youngster the lessons that he needs to recognize in order to pass his examinations.
As soon as you discover the ideal tutor for your child, after that you will require to give him the correct materials and instructions. While some tutors are able to use audio publications to help your youngster find out to read, others are not. Strategies For Teaching Phonics
You wish to make sure that your youngster is ready to read prior to introducing him to publications. Reading to your kid at the exact same time as he is taking the examinations will certainly likewise make the process less complicated. As he starts to recognize the letters and also words, he will certainly be a lot more open to attempting them out. If he does not obtain it as soon as possible, after that offer him a 2nd reading, or if necessary to send him to one more tutor.
It may take a while to discover a tutor that you can deal with comfortably, so you might require to walk around several tutors before locating the one that is the best fit for you. The very best method to locate a tutor is by asking your child's schoolmates or good friends if they can recommend anybody that they made use of or would suggest. Strategies For Teaching Phonics
Below are some reading programs that have actually aided lots of youngsters to find out exactly how to read.
ABC Mouse: Strategies For Teaching Phonics
ABC Mouse is a very early knowing curriculum created to teach children with developmental delays and impairments the ABC's (American alphabet, Arabic numbers, French letters, English letters as well as many others). Early Learning Academy, Inc. is an on-line understanding system for children as much as age 8, developed by Age of Learning Inc. Subscribers have the ability to gain access to lessons on the internet or with their mobile application. Strategies For Teaching Phonics
This instructional curriculum makes use of easy, easy-to-understand ABC images to educate little ones abilities that will certainly help them build language abilities as they age. The program aids kids understand the principles of checking, reading, writing as well as speaking English.
ABC Mouse supplies many different means to discover the ABC's. As a parent, you can select from numerous interactive modules based upon various age groups. These components can be conveniently downloaded onto your computer as well as used with various other academic materials, consisting of videos, podcasts, games, etc Strategies For Teaching Phonics
. There are additionally audio CDs that feature lessons on just how to read, speak and spell the alphabet making use of the ABC's. Another choice is a complimentary on the internet quiz that can be finished with a minimum of 30 inquiries to test your youngster's expertise.
To motivate better reading, a fun game is provided in the ABC Mouse software application. As you full each level of the video game, your youngster will receive an ability ranking. The higher ball game, the less complicated it will be for them to understand the next degree of the game. Strategies For Teaching Phonics
Moms and dads who are planning to enroll their child in this educational program ought to make certain that they have the best academic choices for their child. The ABC Mouse is just one of the most effective alternatives due to the fact that it has been created particularly for children with developmental delays or impairments. This online educational software is ensured to provide your kid an advantage when discovering and also speaking the alphabet.
With the ABC Mouse system, you can anticipate your kid to create as well as improve communication skills, in addition to a far better understanding of the ABC's. In addition, you can anticipate your kid to have a favorable perspective towards understanding and speaking the ABC's. Your kid will enjoy the video games, tests and music-filled interactive lessons that feature the program. Strategies For Teaching Phonics
The educational program included in the ABC Mouse system is based on the exact same raw materials and also methods utilized in conventional public schools across America. The software program does supply a distinct educational program that offers a special knowing experience. The software program has actually been made to aid young children with learning impairments, consisting of Down syndrome, master language and increase their reading as well as math skills.
The ABC Mouse is not a substitute for typical public schools. It is an important enhancement to any home institution. Strategies For Teaching Phonics
Reading Egg: Strategies For Teaching Phonics
The early reading curriculum for kids can be split right into 2 major types-the initial is reading and the second reads games. It is essential that you recognize which one appropriates for your child prior to you make a decision which one is the much better choice. The bright side is that many of these reading programs have actually been developed by specialists. Reading is a wonderful way to enhance the language abilities of your kid and also these games are ideal for instructing toddlers and also young children exactly how to read. Strategies For Teaching Phonics
Reading Egg is an online early knowing curriculum for infants and also toddlers. Reading Egg is an interactive, on the internet supplement to traditional reading programs. It has fun activities that you can play with your kid. The tasks in this program will certainly help your kid develop his or her motor abilities, eye control as well as reading abilities. Youngsters will certainly appreciate the straightforward tasks that you can pick from as well as they will certainly additionally find out a couple of valuable realities as well as vocabulary words.
As a parent, it is extremely vital for you to ensure that your kid is obtaining the most effective feasible education and learning for his or her growth. You can not neglect any part of his/her advancement. If you do so, it may influence your child's development later in life. Thus, you require to make sure that you have the very best feasible sources offered for him or her. One of the most essential source is the early reading curriculum for toddlers. This is because it is the most powerful medium that you can use to improve the language skills of your youngster. By improving the language skills of your youngster, he or she will be able to understand what is taking place around him or her and also become much more aware of the requirements of others. Strategies For Teaching Phonics
The 2nd kind of early learning educational program is for young children. This is because young children are still quite establishing their speech and body language. Therefore, you have to guarantee that they get the appropriate very early understanding educational program. Several of the standard points that you can consist of in their very early learning educational program consist of tales, rhymes, and also basic activities. You can likewise teach your youngster to make use of finger writing and also other such abilities.
Reading eggs, on the other hand, is an early knowing educational program that is especially suggested for kids. The objective of this very early knowing program is to aid kids improve their reading abilities. Reading Egg is an interactive supplement for youngsters who are discovering to read. since it is an interactive video game that enables your kid to engage with other children and also learn at the same time. Strategies For Teaching Phonics
Reading Egg is an educational program that will certainly assist your kid find out to read. while having a good time! Your youngster will also be subjected to various themes which will assist him/her to interact with other children in the house. Discovering to read is vital for your child's future. A great begin in the right instructions will enhance their vocabulary, punctuation and also even their grammar. Consequently, one of the most excellent choice is to embrace an early knowing curriculum that has actually been confirmed to function.
All About Reading: Strategies For Teaching Phonics
The All About Reading Program is an excellent means to present your kid to reading and to discover even more concerning the world in which they live. From history to geography and also from the arts to science, educational program designed by experts in the reading sector will certainly assist your child come to be the fantastic world-changer that they have actually constantly longed for! The program likewise provides a detailed take a look at what it indicates to be reading – exactly how to discover your method with the text, to identify numerous forms of literary expression and just how to create purposeful sentences, all the while developing the reading skills that are essential to you as well as your whole family. An extremely effective early discovering educational program that is additionally geared towards developing a sense of self-worth, this program can have a profound influence on your young person's ability to read, comprehend and value their culture as well as to connect in English. Strategies For Teaching Phonics
Reading to youngsters is a fundamental part of their advancement, so why not begin the All About Reading program in pre-school? When a child is first presented to reading, their eyes are opened to a whole world of possibilities; this makes reading an important developmental milestone. Once they have the ability to begin to continue reading their own, they will certainly find that they appreciate this process and also are naturally drawn to it. This is where the All About Learning Program can be found in. Your child will enjoy reading publications, however they will also take pleasure in reading to a group of children or finding out to compose, due to the fact that this helps them establish their very own private style as well as taste.
The early understanding program that you select will certainly give an interactive environment where the kid can communicate with others. This will certainly consist of youngsters of different ages, from pre-school to primary school. The program can likewise be tailored to match your house – whether you intend to include a book club for a set of kids or just one or two children each time. Numerous moms and dads today realize that youngsters require a very early intro to literacy as well as the All About Reading program has the web content to assist your youngster to create a love of reading. Not just will they enjoy it, they'll find out exactly how to enhance their reading abilities as well as develop their very own design of reading. Strategies For Teaching Phonics
By incorporating reading into your child's early understanding curriculum, you are giving them the chance to check out different kinds of reading. They will certainly be introduced to the joys of language and the marvels of the created word in their native tongue – something they may not have actually experienced previously. As obtaining the basics right, they will additionally receive support to help them create their own sense of identification and also self-regard – something lots of children are struggling with in this location. The All About Learning Program aims to aid youngsters establish a love of reading and urge their minds with the process of exploration and also exploration.
By enabling your kid a better degree of liberty in selecting the subjects to read, you will certainly be giving them a greater level of control and also independence. The educational program includes a wide variety of subjects that vary from history as well as geography, to mathematics and also also the most recent Hollywood smash hits. Children have the ability to make their own choices in the educational program – and you can seize the day to create the abilities called for to write in the language in which they were educated. This is beneficial to both the youngster and their growth as a person, so don't neglect to get included! Strategies For Teaching Phonics
Everything about Reading supplies some of the most interesting as well as ingenious methods to reading that are readily available today. If your child has actually constantly wanted to read, however can't discover the moment to do so, after that this is the program for them. Don't let your kids slide via the fractures. Make sure they are introduced early in their lives, as well as you'll discover that they will certainly like learning. as well as take pleasure in the experience!
Hooked On Phonics: Strategies For Teaching Phonics
Hooked On Phonics is an innovative, multi-generational teaching company and producer of very early learning educational program for young kids from preschool via fifth quality. Hooked On Phonics was started in 1987 by a solitary mommy whose three teenage kids were having a hard time to discover to read. Hooked On Phonics has ended up being a leading company of mentor materials for little ones and continues to create brand-new and innovative items for young knowing. Strategies For Teaching Phonics
Hooked On Phonics makes a number of various products, however their most prominent item is their very early understanding educational program for preschool with 5th grade. Their early learning curriculum can be found in several degrees of problem, so moms and dads and instructors can create an easy learning curriculum for young kids or a much more challenging one for older kids. Hooked On Phonics additionally offers books in addition to their early understanding curriculum. These books are tailored towards young children and feature pictures and also storybooks about the alphabet, reading, phonics, and also language skills.
Hooked On Phonics additionally supplies the Hooked On Phonics Early Learning Curriculum System. This educational program system is developed to help kids from the time they are children to the age of 5 beginnings reading to discover the ABC's as well as other words, phrases as well as words. This very early knowing educational program includes a variety of publications, CD's as well as online understanding software. It likewise consists of video clips and also audio CDs with storybooks for little ones to pick up from. Among the most exciting elements of this educational program system is that youngsters can print out the storybooks they have picked for their own individual usage. Hooked On Phonics additionally has an early knowing program for preschool through fifth grade that is available at the internet site. Strategies For Teaching Phonics
On-line education and learning is also provided at the internet site. Hooked On Phonics supplies totally free online courses and various other activities. They likewise use a selection of training tools for moms and dads, educators, and children interested in learning to read. They also use publications, songs sheets, interactive flash cards, interactive white boards, and also various other interactive devices that make learning to read fun as well as interesting for youngsters. Hooked On Phonics also provides free online conversation online forums for moms and dads as well as instructors that wish to chat with one another.
The business is dedicated to generating one of the most effective learning resources readily available. and also to making learning for kids's enjoyable for both moms and dads and also children. They make every effort to fulfill the requirements of moms and dads as well as educators with ingenious products as well as a moms and dad can utilize. to be effective in their understanding procedure. Hooked On Phonics believes that kids will discover more when learning is fun and not difficult. Strategies For Teaching Phonics
With the assistance of these cutting-edge discovering tools, parents as well as teachers can achieve a strong foundation for a child's development. The products are not just educational, yet they are enjoyable too!
Great Things from Teaching Your Child How To Read: Strategies For Teaching Phonics
Showing your youngster exactly how to read appropriately, will enable them to establish their writing as well as punctuation abilities to ensure that when they start to document things, they understand that the punctuation of words will certainly not be a problem. and that they will have the proper enunciation. when they are ready. After they have developed a good grasp of the alphabet, they will have the ability to learn about the meaning behind each letter as well as where each letter goes. Strategies For Teaching Phonics | <urn:uuid:4e23d370-edad-4a3b-a3ff-fa7008c5d800> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chicanawriter.com/strategies-for-teaching-phonics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.974053 | 3,400 | 2.984375 | 3 |
This page contains a list of historical inaccuracies I'm aware of in my book The Wine-Dark Death. It's full of spoilers, so I urge you not to read further if you haven't read the book yet.
I think of this book not as “the way it happened” but as “a way it could have happened.” The evidence we have for ancient Greek history is astonishingly sparse, especially for the time period during which The Wine-Dark Death is set. The Greeks were all too busy philosophizing about the good life and sending each other into exile to bother keeping decent records of anything; it took the Romans, who just wanted to conquer the world and then pave it, to do that. So, for example, the only reason we date Thales’ life when we do in the sixth century B.C. is that Diogenes Laertius, a historian in the third century A.D., says that Apollodorus, a historian in the second century B.C., says—in a work lost to us—that that’s when he lived. This would be like somebody in the year 3714 reading something I wrote about what Martin Luther said, all in an effort to find out when the Second Crusade took place, in a world without the printing press and the Internet. So here’s a list of recorded historical events that might not match the events of The Wine-Dark Death—heavy emphasis on “might.”
Thales of Miletus, the world's first philosopher, was most likely born some time around 624 B.C. and died in around 546, which would make it difficult for him to have raised Aspasia, since she was born at the earliest in 470. The odds that the two were related are extremely low, especially since, between his death and her birth, the Persians slaughtered most of the male citizens of Miletus and enslaved the women and children, and the city was repopulated with whoever else happened to be around.
Though ancient historians credited Thales with predicting the date of first eclipse, that feat was probably first accomplished by his student Anaximander’s student Anaximenes’ student Anaxagoras, a century or so later.
The phrase “Whom the gods love dies young” was coined in a play about Trophonius and Agamedes by the playwright Menander, who wasn’t born until 342 B.C. The idea itself, however, had long been associated with the story of the two brothers.
The atomic theory Aspasia propounds to Socrates is first recorded by Leucippus and Democritus, a few decades after The Wine-Dark Death is set, but I see no reason they couldn’t have gotten it from her.
I have Aspasia explaining that bodies were laid out at funerals with their feet toward the door to make sure the soul left in the right direction, but we actually have no record of why this was done. I also invented the explanation of rigor mortis as the body’s attempt to keep the soul from leaving.
I have Kimon married to Old Thucydides’ sister. In fact, it was probably the other way around—Old Thucydides was probably married to Kimon’s sister. I changed this because making Sotiria Kimon’s sister along with Elpinice would have complicated things in unhelpfully problematic ways.
I’ve named Kimon’s son “Sparta,” but he was actually named “Lacedaemonius.” The Athenians called the Spartans “Lacedaemonians” (or occasionally “Laconians,” whence the English word “laconic”), but I figured that about four people who read this book were going to have any idea what that meant. Kimon had at least two other sons, and possibly as many as five.
If Little Thucydides was Old Thucydides’ grandson (which scholars suspect is the case), it was probably by Old Thucydides’ daughter, not by his son—which means that Little Thucydides would have grown up not in his maternal grandfather's house but in his father's house.
The lie detector with which Aspasia interrogates her slaves actually comes from ancient China, where they used dry rice instead of wheat. | <urn:uuid:216ec3d8-5a7f-4b78-a509-8bb1d9ad447d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.joelderfner.com/wine-dark-fibs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.98448 | 937 | 2.703125 | 3 |
ABOUT THE CORRECTNESS OF CERTAIN ELECTRICITY TARIFF DECISIONS – IN RETROSPECTby: Prahalad Rao
Electricity is the lifeline and backbone of any economic activity and of economic growth. It provides a livable life for the humans in the world. There was a need for the government to ensure a sustainable electricity sector functioning in the country. We are at the door of 75 th year of Independence and 73 rd year of our country having become Republic. There is growing gap in maintaining the lifeline of electricity system even having entered the new century and living in 2021. The reforms in the Electricity Sector started in 1991..
500 in stock | <urn:uuid:759282b4-5e65-433a-85de-c811a958ed90> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bluerosepublishers.com/product/about-the-correctness-of-certain-electricity-tariff-decisions-in-retrospect/?add_to_wishlist=8208 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.928617 | 156 | 2.46875 | 2 |
This blog often looks at methods for preventing people sitting down comfortably, usually in public space, from actual benches designed for this purpose, to features of walls and ledges which treat people like pigeons.
How often is the complete lack of seats a deliberate strategy? Seth Godin, in a post looking at different strategies for running meetings, suggests something interesting:
I think most of the time, most meetings should be held without chairs. People standing up think more quickly and get distracted less often. And the meetings don’t last as long.
That probably does ‘work’ as part of a strategy to speed up meetings, but – crucially – only if there is a mechanism for the participants to end the meeting. Whoever is leading the meeting (if anyone is) also needs to be standing up and experiencing just the same as everyone else. Otherwise there’s the tendency for the stand-up meetings to be characterised by a lot of people not thinking more quickly, but merely irritated, shifting their weight from leg to leg, and wishing they weren’t there. I think we’ve all been to meetings like that, both seated and standing.
Is the ‘chair-less meeting’ a commonly used deliberate tactic? Can it be used to get people to agree to things because of their discomfort and desire to get away quickly?
Image: ‘Chair for unwanted visitors’ – photo by David Weightman from a set shot for Good Thinking: Brunel Design, 2004. | <urn:uuid:5ebe9b34-ad61-49e0-ba5d-81dfff984d59> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://imaginari.es/chairman-of-the-bored/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965608 | 310 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Rep. Joaquin Castro On Death Of 7-Year-Old Migrant Girl
RACHEL MARTIN, HOST:
For more on this story, we turn now to Congressman Joaquin Castro, Democrat of Texas. He's chairman-elect of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus.
Congressman, thanks very much for being with us.
JOAQUIN CASTRO: Thanks for having me.
MARTIN: You released a statement last night about this girl's death, essentially blaming the tragedy on the Trump administration's immigration policies. I mean, this is a horrible thing that has happened. But migrants have been in jeopardy and have died crossing the U.S.-Mexico border for many years, including during the Obama administration.
CASTRO: That is true. But it's the Trump administration that has changed the policy in limiting the ability of asylum-seekers to present themselves at a port of entry for asylum. And so if you follow the story, the family had crossed the U.S.-Mexico border. So that's what some of these asylees are doing. They're crossing over because they're not allowed to just go up to the Border Patrol and present themselves at the port of entry. So once they crossed over, then they presented themselves. And then she was taken in. And eight hours later, she died. So by limiting the ability of folks to present themselves at the port of entry, they're basically - the Trump administration is making it more dangerous for these folks.
Also, the administration has a horrible track record when it comes to migration. They had a family separation policy without any way to track the kids or the parents or reunite them. They've had kids in cages. There was a girl named Marie who was a toddler that spent time in detention and then later died. Also, I think it's important to realize that CBP Commissioner McAleenan went in front of the Senate Judiciary Committee on December 11 and didn't say a word about the death of this young girl. These incidents are supposed to be reported to Congress, to the appropriations committee, within 24 hours. And so that's why I say there's a lot of disturbing things that have gone on here with the administration.
MARTIN: As to this case in particular, do you have any more details about what border agents - how they handled this situation, why she wasn't administered with food and water?
CASTRO: We don't. In fact, you know, we don't even know her name. And there does have to be a thorough investigation as to what happened. I think it's true that 163 people, for a small Border Patrol station, is a lot of people to deal with. But you would also think that you can identify somebody who is on the verge of death. And so we've got to figure out whether she made requests for food or for water, for medical attention and if so, whether those requests were answered or not in a timely way.
MARTIN: What are you going to do? As you come in as the new chairman of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus, what is your first course of order in terms of trying to reshape the administration's immigration policies?
CASTRO: For the first time in two years, this administration will be held accountable by Congress on behalf of the American people. So I'm asking for an investigation, not just by the inspector general but by the congressional oversight committees in the House of Representatives. So on January 3, we'll get to that.
MARTIN: Congressman Joaquin Castro, Democrat representing Texas' 20th Congressional District.
Thank you so much for your time. We appreciate it.
CASTRO: Thank you.
(SOUNDBITE OF FAIT'S "SURRENDER TO") Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR. | <urn:uuid:55de3818-e69d-493c-b009-8e47c6593918> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wfit.org/2018-12-14/rep-joaquin-castro-on-death-of-7-year-old-migrant-girl | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.978032 | 792 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Is big tech’s red-hot jobs market about to cool?
The industry’s giants are slowing their hiring
“Can i keep the monitor and mouse?” a fired tech worker recently asked on Blind, an anonymous social-media platform where techies go to compare notes on employers. The questions used to be about how much Meta was paying or what perks Apple offered. As America’s technology giants contend with supply-chain uncertainties, a looming recession and sliding share prices, many users are instead asking if the sizzling market for tech jobs is cooling.
The first sign of trouble came on April 28th. In a quarterly earnings call Brian Olsavsky, Amazon’s chief financial officer, said that the e-commerce titan’s warehouses were overstaffed, costing about $2bn (9% of operating profit) in the past year. A memo leaked a week later from Meta, Facebook’s parent company, said the firm was putting a freeze on new hires in most teams. Other big tech names, including Microsoft, Nvidia, Snap and Uber, have made similar noises. So far this year listed tech firms worth a combined $3.4trn have announced hiring freezes or firings.
The commotion comes after a prolonged boom in tech jobs. During the 2010s the number of positions in America’s tech industry increased by 4.4% a year on average, triple the rate of the overall economy, according to a study by the Brookings Institution, a think-tank. The pandemic turbocharged the trend. Work, leisure and shopping shifted online, boosting demand for digital services. Last year listings for tech jobs increased by over 80% compared with 2020, observes Amit Bhatia, co-founder of datapeople.io, a research firm. Demand for tech skills also surged outside the sector as companies uploaded their operations to the cloud and boosted cyber-security, making the market even tighter. The number of applications for each tech-industry opening fell by a quarter in 2021.
Much of the jobs growth came from startups and newly listed companies. But the tech giants, too, were adding plenty of employees. Between 2020 and 2021 Amazon, Meta and Netflix all increased their full-time staff by over a fifth. The ranks at Microsoft and Alphabet swelled by 11% and 16%, respectively. That compares with a median of 3% for firms in the s&p 500 index of America’s largest companies.
So far redundancies, rather than just hiring freezes, have been largely confined to startups, such as Getir, a Turkish grocery-delivery app, and newly public firms such as Peloton, a maker of web-connected exercise bikes. Sackings at established tech companies have been modest. On May 17th Netflix, a video-streamer, laid off 150 staff. The following week news broke that PayPal, a payments firm, was cutting 80 or so jobs. In both cases that was roughly 1% of their respective workforces.
Strategically important teams are protected from the measures. Microsoft’s hiring slowdown applies to its software units, such as Windows and Teams, but not its fast-growing cloud business. PayPal’s lay-offs affected staff researching emerging technologies, such as quantum computing, while sparing core functions. Many of the sacked Netflixers worked in marketing rather than on shows. Demand for the most prized skills, such as understanding of advanced data science, is so high that people who possess them will be sought out even in a downturn.
At the big tech companies talented employees who hint that they want to jump ship are still receiving generous counter-offers, says Greg Selker of Stanton Chase, an executive-search firm. On May 16th Microsoft said it was raising its budget for salary increases for certain workers, in an attempt to stop talent from fleeing. Amazon did something similar a few months earlier. Tech-focused recruiters say business is perky. Indeed, the number of listings for technology-industry jobs in May and April was far higher than at the same time last year, notes Mr Bhatia.
Some analysts argue the tech industry is bigger, more mature and stable than in the go-go 1990s, which may shield its workers from the pain of previous busts. Others note that after the dot-com bubble burst in 2000, tech work began disappearing only a year after the stockmarket crash. One thing is certain: the anxiety level of posts on Blind will stay high for a while. ■
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This article appeared in the Business section of the print edition under the headline "Hire hurdles"
Business June 4th 2022
- Corporate espionage is entering a new era
- Has Russia legalised intellectual-property theft?
- Sheryl Sandberg, Meta’s second-in-command, leaves the embattled firm
- “Top Gun” flies high, sparking hopes of a theatrical recovery
- Is big tech’s red-hot jobs market about to cool?
- Do not bring your whole self to work
- Why Proxy advisers are losing their power
From the June 4th 2022 edition
Discover stories from this section and more in the list of contentsExplore the edition
That heralds risks for big business—and change for American capitalism
Quite possibly, for want of batteries
Workers for demonised firms are often proud to be on the payroll | <urn:uuid:ef89d525-f0da-46f6-a695-054f179558ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.economist.com/business/2022/06/02/is-big-techs-red-hot-jobs-market-about-to-cool?source=techstories.org | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.957211 | 1,135 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Latin - Intensive Course
Study Cycle: 1
ECTS credit: 10
Lecturer(s): doc. dr. Hriberšek Matej, doc. dr. Inkret Andreja
The intensive course for beginners does not require any previous knowledge of Latin. The topics to be studied include Latin orthography and pronunciation, basic morphology, frequent syntactic constructions and basic vocabulary.Students' knowledge and understanding is substantiated by reading, analysis and translation of short sentences and passages taken from original Latin texts (adjusted and supplied with commentaries) covering the period from the beginnings to Humanistic period.
In the 2nd semester, the course imparts a synoptic knowledge of essential features of the classical Latin morphology and syntax, and focuses on the fundamental differences between Slovene and Latin language system, as well as on the impact of these differences on the translations of Latin texts in Slovene. | <urn:uuid:0bd17832-8e43-4363-bd83-5061a4ddbc02> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://etnologija.ff.uni-lj.si/en/node/146836 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.898425 | 204 | 2.296875 | 2 |
shown in other instead.
Syncker is a multi-node rendering system that makes it easy to create an immersive CAVE system or a large-scale visualization wall on a computer cluster synchronized over the network in real-time.
Simply connect multiple computers into one high-resolution seamless display using LAN. And it does not matter if these computers are running on Windows, Linux and Mac OS X at the same time, as Syncker works even across different platforms. Moreover, the created virtual environments can be of any monitor configuration, since all viewports are fully configurable.
Syncker allows you to render a world with a fixed FPS (by default, 60 FPS) across different computers synchronized over LAN. These computers can be of two types:
|Master||Master application is the main computer. This engine instance always renders the main viewport, and is not included into monitor configuration set up for CAVE rendering. Instead, its purpose is to perform calculation:
|Slaves||Slave applications are all other applications connected over the network. There can be an unlimited number of slaves connected to one master (as long as network bandwidth allows it). The purpose of such applications is to render all nodes that are seen in their viewports.
To connect computers and synchronize them, the following pipeline is used.
- First, a master is sending broadcast messages that it is available using a UDP protocol.
- All slaves in LAN listen to a default UDP port. Upon receiving this message, they connect to a master via a TCP protocol.
- After the connection was established, both UDP and TCP protocols are used to exchange data between the master and slaves.
- Over UDP protocol non-critical messages are sent. This includes messages on render parameters (for example, ambient color or HDR exposure), position of a player and all nodes that are synchronized. It also includes frame-related information (if the game is enabled, the current frame number, frame duration, a time scale and even the game seed for random number generators).
- Over TCP protocol critical messages are sent. These are messages on creation and deletion of nodes.
There are 3 ways to specify the screen configuration that can be used with Syncker:
- As a grid of monitors, where each slave renders its viewport on the corresponding monitor.
Grid of 4 monitors
As a meshthat is created in a 3rd-party 3D editor.
When preparing a mesh in a 3D editor, the following requirements must be met:
Projection and modelview matrices are automatically calculated on the basis of the camera position and slave name.Screen configuration (the right picture) represented by a mesh (the left picture)
- Each surface of the mesh must correspond to one of the monitors.
- Names of the mesh surfaces should match names of the corresponding slaves.
- Coordinate system of the mesh must be expressed in meters.
- Position and orientation of each monitor must be relative to the camera.
- The pivot point of the mesh must correspond to the camera position.
- As a CAVE (Cave Automatic Virtual Environment) that is a special case of the meshcreated in a 3rd-party 3D editor (see the previous paragraph).
The pivot point of such mesh is the origin of coordinates for the head position.
- As a projectiononto a curved screen.
Each slave projects its viewport onto the projection screen
Preparing Your Environment
It is recommended to use at least 1 Gb LAN. Otherwise, you may experience network lags (see Troubleshooting section).
All application you will use need to have access to all Unigine files and project data. So, you should copy your project onto all computers. If some nodes will be missing in the world file on the local computer, they will not be rendered.
To run Syncker to synchronize Unigine-based applications over LAN, you can choose one of two ways:
|How To Run||What Can be Run||What Is the Profit||Comments|
|On the application start-up||Any Unigine project||Fast||This high-level method allows running Syncker out-of-the-box. You can load any samples, demos or your projects without implementing any initialization or synchronization logic for Syncker by using the following scripts:
UnigineEditor (its Unigine-native GUI) functionality will not be available in both the master and slave applications.
|Via a script||Syncker samples in SDK or coded projects||Performance-efficient||The low-level method allows specifying which nodes and materials need to be synchronized. However, in this case, initialization and synchronization logic for Syncker must be implemented in your custom script. To avoid network lags especially for big projects, it is a preferred variant. Examples can be found under the <Unigine SDK>/data/samples/syncker/ folder.|
To run the high-level variant of Syncker directly on start-up:
- Run all slave applications that will be synchronized with the master.
For that, specify the following options on the slave application start-up to override the default editor script with the Syncker script for slaves:The editor_reload console command is required to load the Syncker script for slaves.
main_x64 -data_path "../" -editor_script "core/systems/syncker/syncker_slave.cpp" -console_command "editor_reload"
---- Syncker::Slave ---- Name: unknown UDP: 8890 TCP: 8891
- Run a master Unigine application on the main computer with the default editor script overridden by the Syncker script for master.
For that, specify the following options on the master application start-up:The editor_reload console command is required to load the Syncker script for the master.
main_x64 -data_path "../" -editor_script "core/systems/syncker/syncker_master.cpp" -console_command "world_load unigine_project && editor_reload"
---- Syncker::Master ---- Address: 192.168.0.255 UDP: 8890 TCP: 8891
- To change the network broadcast address of the master, type the following console command:
Do not confuse with the IP-address of the computer on which the master application is run.And then reload the Syncker script for the master as follows:
master_address xxx.xxx.xxx.xxxAfter that, in the console, you will see messages that slaves have connected:
editor_reloadIn the console of the connected slaves, you will see the following:
Connection from "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx" "unknown" accepted in 0.00 seconds
Connection to "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx" accepted in 0.00 seconds
If any slaves are added after the Syncker master script was loaded (or slave names or addresses were changed), you will need to reload the master script via the console by using the editor_reload command.
You can open new worlds or quit from the current one in the master application and slaves will automatically do the same.
Changing Screen Configuration
By default all computers will be showing the same screen as a master computer does. The master viewport cannot be changed, it is used purely to control the world.
To set the screen configuration on slave computers used for rendering, all you need to do is specify your monitors setup for the master and all slaves (it is required that the same configuration is set for all computers connected via Syncker). After that, you can choose the viewport each slave computer shows, as well as compensate for the monitor angle.
- First of all, set a monitor configuration on the master application via the following console command. The first argument specifies the number of monitors in a row and the second one specifies the number of columns. (Do not count in a master computer as its screen is non-configurable!)
For example, this command specifies that there are 5 slave monitors standing in a row.
master_grid 5 1
- Set the same configuration for all slaves. This can be done in two ways. To specify it from master application for all slaves at once:
This would run the corresponding console command on all slaves.
master_run slave_grid 5 1
You can also run this console command in a usual way - by opening consoles on each slave computer and typing the following:
slave_grid 5 1
- Now you need to specify what each slave computer will show on its monitor by typing the following command into the console. For example, here is the slave that is the 1st in a row:
And here is a monitor in the middle (the 3rd monitor in the row):
slave_view 0 0And here is a slave that is the 5th in a row:
slave_view 2 0If we'd had two rows of monitors (grid 5x2), the computer in the right bottom would have slave_view configuration set to 4 1.
slave_view 4 0
- You can check the viewport configuration of all slaves by the typing the master computer the following console command:
It will output the configuration of all slave monitors.
- You can also specify if a slave monitor stands at a certain angle to other monitors. To set an angle for all slaves at once, type the following console command on the master computer:
You can also set an angle for each slave application individually via its console:
master_angle 20The angles are specified in degrees.
You cannot compensate for both vertical and horizontal turn of monitors. The engine automatically sets the compensation angle specified for a horizontal row or a vertical column depending on the number of monitors. If there are more monitors in a row (for example, 5 in a row and 2 columns), then the angle will be applied for horizontal compensation. If there are more monitors in a column (for example, 2 in a row and 6 columns), then the angle will be applied for vertical compensation.
- In addition to a monitor turning angle, it is also possible to compensate for a monitor frame around the screen (in order for objects not to teleport across the screens). To compensate for a bezel on all slave computers at once, type the following console command:
This would specify that the screen of all computers should be rendered smaller horizontally (there is a frame between computers standing is a row). The specified value is range [0;1], where:
master_bezel 0.2 0
You can also set a bezel for each slave application individually via its console:
- 0 is no bezel compensation
- 1 is a half-screen size bezel
master_bezel 0 0.2
slave_bezel 0 0.2
Synchronizing Nodes in the World
If you run a high-level version of Syncker via the interface or on the start-up, you can see that only camera position is synchronized by default. To synchronize nodes and their materials within a certain radius, run the following command in the master application:
master_radius 10 master_materials 15
master_radius command specifies that all nodes loaded from a
*.world file should be synchronized if they inside a 10-unit radius around the player. Both their position and orientation will be synchronized.
It is not possible to synchronize nodes created dynamically via a script or added in the editor.
master_materials command specifies that states and parameters of materials that get inside a 15-unit radius around the player are synchronized to a master computer.
It is not possible to synchronize materials created in the editor in run time and not loaded from a material library on the disk.
The method described above is good enough to try out Syncker features. It is not performance-friendly since it synchronizes all nodes and all materials each frame. When a Syncker is used for a release version of the project, run it via a script and synchronize nodes and materials selectively, only on demand.
If the network latency is too large despite 1Gb bandwidth or higher, it can be caused by a 100 Mb or 10 Mb device connected to a network. Data exchange rate will drop down to the maximum rate supported by such device, slowing down Syncker connection speed.
- Some 100 Mb or 10 Mb devices can have a working network interface when they are turned off.
- It is also possible that when turned off, 1 Gb devices have a network interface working at 100 Mb rate, which will slow down connection in LAN.
If you have a source SDK, you can use a simple and useful tool to monitor the network messages exchange speed. It is server.usc found in source/tools/Interpreter/scripts/network/. | <urn:uuid:0b117efa-03ea-49b3-a21f-2a03b851c31f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://developer.unigine.com/en/docs/2.3/code/uniginescript/scripts/systems/unigine_syncker/?rlang=cpp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.850932 | 2,703 | 2.390625 | 2 |
- A credit freeze generally lasts for a set period of time, such as one or two years.
- It can be lifted at any time by the consumer.
What are the benefits of a credit card freeze?
There are a few benefits to freezing your credit card. First, it can help you protect your identity if your card is lost or stolen. Second, it can help you avoid fraudulent charges. Finally, it can help you keep your credit score high by preventing new accounts from being opened in your name.
How to freeze your credit card
There are a few ways to freeze your credit card. One way is to call your credit card company and ask them to freeze your account. Another way is to go online and freeze your account yourself.
Yes, your credit score can increase while frozen. A credit freeze restricts access to your credit report, which can help protect you from identity theft. However, a credit freeze also prevents you from taking advantage of some of the best ways to improve your credit score, such as opening a new credit account or requesting a credit limit increase.
It depends on the credit bureau. Experian says it can take up to three business days, while Equifax says it could take up to five.
To remove a credit freeze, you will need to contact each of the three credit bureaus – Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion. You can do this by phone or online. The process is usually free, but there may be a small fee for removing the freeze.
Yes, you can open a bank account with a credit freeze. However, you may need to temporarily lift the freeze in order to complete the account opening process.
No, you don’t have to unfreeze your credit to get a credit report. You can get a free credit report from AnnualCreditReport.com without unfreezing your credit.
There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, as the best way to freeze your credit bureaus may vary depending on your individual circumstances. However, some tips on how to freeze your credit bureaus include contacting each bureau directly and requesting a freeze, filling out a request form on the bureau’s website, or calling the bureau’s toll-free number.
Yes, you can call Equifax to unfreeze your credit. However, you will need to provide some personal information, such as your name, address, and Social Security number.
There are a few ways to see if your credit is frozen. One way is to check your credit report. Another way is to call your credit card company or bank and ask them if your account has been frozen.
Yes, you can remove a freeze from Equifax without a PIN. To do so, you will need to provide your name, address, Social Security number, and date of birth.
If you have a PIN, you can remove the freeze by visiting Equifax’s website and entering your information. If you don’t have a PIN, you can still remove the freeze by mail or phone. To remove the freeze by mail, send a letter to Equifax with your name, address, Social Security number, and date of birth. | <urn:uuid:51809c6c-a145-4d95-abe6-1a548ddddfd2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://canusim.com/how-long-does-a-credit-freeze-last/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.945002 | 663 | 1.5 | 2 |
Effective delegation is much more than just giving work to people. It is an opportunity to maximise the team’s potential and proactive engagement alongside. And, all senior executives must master the art of effective delegation to have more time to do the things that only they can do. So, here is an article providing valuable tips on how to delegate work to the team more efficiently and effectively.
Guidelines for effective delegation
Listed below are the golden principles and strategies of effective delegation at the workplace.
Feel free to share them with all your colleagues and team to maximize your organization’s overall efficiency.
Ensure that delegation is your most appropriate choice.
In other words, assess that delegation is the most suitable choice in the given circumstances.
You must not select the wrong task to delegate.
Here are some points I suggest you keep in mind to avoid mistakes when you delegate tasks-
- Delegate meaningful work only. Never delegate any task that is unpleasant or demeaning, that you wouldn’t want to do yourself.
- Do not delegate if the task has not been thought through, or if you yourself are not thoroughly familiar with the task.
In any case, do not delegate risky or confidential work, and when you are the best person for the job.
- Ensure that your reasons and the motivation to delegate the task is fair and worthy.
Pick the right person to delegate work
Identify the most appropriate team member to delegate the task.
Here, I would like to highlight that you must match the work requirement with the candidate’s skill sets appropriately.
Choosing the right person for the right job is said to be one of the most important things to do in an effective delegation. Therefore, remember the following points when selecting the right person to delegate the task-
- Do not delegate a task to a person if it brings a bad effect on the team in the long term in any way.
- Assign the task to those who are most likely to excel and produce remarkable results. For example, delegate duties to the team members who are closest to the work or who already have a basic understanding of the work. Consequently, you will prepare them for the positions the organisation needs or will need to fill in the future.
- Ensure that you use a fair selection method.
Get your message across efficiently
Poor communication is often the biggest roadblock to effective delegation process. It’s not enough to simply tell people what to do. So, communicate efficiently to delegate the work successfully.
Make sure that you brief your team member(s) appropriately so that everyone understands and no one is frustrated due to the communication barriers in the delegation process.
Ask them the additional assistance they need
Let them tell you what they need. Encourage them and let them know that you have full confidence in them.
Verify the interest level.
Confirm that the person is interested and confident in handling the delegated work. This can be done by asking questions such as ‘Do you want to do this work?’ ‘How comfortable are you with the task to be delegated?’ etc.
Keep all the stakeholders informed
Inform the new role to the concerned stakeholders so that everyone knows who to contact. Do this once the team member to whom you are delegating the work has completely understood and nodded yes to the assignment.
10 Communication tips to delegate work successfully
The best way to get your message across efficiently for a successful delegation process is to abide by the tips mentioned below-
1. Specify what needs to be done.
Clearly define the desired outcomes and communicate your expectations.
At this point, focus only on what to do, rather than elaborating how to do. Do not overload the other person with unnecessary details. Use plain, simple words that they understand.
Furthermore, avoid jargons or at least define them appropriately as they may confuse the other person.
2. Provide the context and background to the work.
Give a clear picture of your reasons for delegating the work.
3. Highlight the benefits and significance of accomplishing the work.
Share why he or she was chosen for the work and explain why it is important for him or her to take on the work.
4. Ask questions to check their understanding of the task, and what is expected of them.
Ensure that what you said and what the other person heard means exactly what you want to get across.
5. Provide all the information and resources.
Give all the necessary information required to complete the work. And encourage the other person to stop you and ask questions if anything is not clear.
Ensure that they have access to the equipment and means to achieve the desired results and objectives.
6. Establish clarity on authority levels and boundaries for effective delegation of work.
Describe the authority you are conferring. Explain the person the scenarios when they should refer back to you or others for decision making at a higher level.
Be more mindful and maintain a human touch.
7. Discuss the timelines and deadlines involved.
Don’t command a timeline. Rather ask when they think they can have the work done. Then fix a realistic deadline that’s agreeable and workable for both of you. Also, give reasons for the expected time-frame.
Determine the schedule for checking-in with progress updates. Also agree upon the format and frequency for progress reviews. For example, intermittent face to face reviews with telephone updates, if you are managing an individual remotely.
Communicate compassionately so the other person becomes more receptive to working with you.
8. Understand how they intend to apply their skills and knowledge to fulfil the work responsibilities.
Team members often do not ask questions for fear of being perceived as stupid. So, ask them how they will approach this task. Don’t assume that they know how to do what you are asking them to do.
Pitch in and help, if required. Bridge the knowledge gap, and provide all the support they need from you to successfully achieve the task. Be encouraging and instil confidence.
Let’s wrap up our understanding of how to delegate work to the team members at the workplace.
Delegation is helpful only when it is done appropriately. To delegate effectively, you must choose the right tasks to delegate, identify the right people to delegate to, and delegate in the right way.
You must communicate efficiently and effectively, clarify the authority level and boundaries, provide enough support and resources to ensure successful accomplishment of the delegated work.
Of course, effective delegation is a process that requires some thought and preparation. And delegation skills eventually improve with practice. | <urn:uuid:5a1c5c4d-5a87-4850-baa6-d22aaf252a96> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.resultsandwellbeing.com/communication/managerial-communication/how-to-delegate-work-effectively/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948975 | 1,377 | 1.71875 | 2 |
All NHS organisations must ensure that they have effective systems in place to control healthcare associated infection and we are fully committed to ensuring resources are allocated to effectively protect patients, their relatives, staff and visiting members of the public.
Nothing has had higher priority for the Trust than improving our performance in tackling hospital-acquired infections such as MRSA and Clostridium difficile.
A dedicated Infection Control Team has been created headed by the Director of Infection Prevention and Control. A Consultant Medical Microbiologist is designated as the Infection Control Doctor and team also includes specialist nurses, a clinical scientist involved in surveillance and microbiologists specialising in adult medicine and paediatrics.
The Infection Control Team is committed to preventing and minimizing the spread of infection. This includes:
- Constantly improving practice to reduce the incidence of infections acquired in hospital
- Robust surveillance on targeted infections reporting all results back to the frontline staff
- Education and training of all staff via the Trust’s Induction and mandatory training programmes and locally at ward and department level
- Producing Infection Control Policies in line with government guidelines, which are readily available to all staff in hard copy and via the Trust’s intranet
- Audit of policies and guidelines to ensure that best practice is followed
- Supporting and reassuring patients and their families using our services | <urn:uuid:a6fe3005-03eb-4868-bb84-a0aa56910d0a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mft.nhs.uk/mri/services/infection-control/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.952344 | 275 | 1.992188 | 2 |
What has the coronavirus virus wrought? In some ways it is a perfect weapon: it doesn’t kill that many people in a greater scheme of things but it terrorises whole societies and it wreaks massive economic havoc and leaves a tornado-like trail of destruction through our interconnected world.
It is quite possible that Coronavirus has been originally developed in the Wuhan bio-warfare lab. It is also possible that by letting it somehow escape, China has unleashed its own globalisation-killer on itself first instead of potential future enemies. But all our economies are now so intertwined that it doesn’t necessarily take a pandemic for China to sneeze and the rest of the world to catch cold, metaphorically speaking. But if China really sneezes… The cough of a man in Guangzhou kills tourism in Italy, paralyses Iranian politics and causes toilet paper to disappear from Australian shops. It’s the viral butterfly effect. And we haven’t seen the worst of it yet.
Should the pandemic spread and grow internationally, including across the developed Western countries, we might see a near complete social and economic paralysis as health systems struggle to cope with casualties and tens if not hundreds of millions self-quarantine. Life will come to a standstill – factories close their doors, shops shut down, everything from education to transport system more or less comes to a halt. Economies will crash, if only temporarily, not just because the workers are either sick or at home and so are the customers, but because the global supply chains have been cut. Let’s call it Communovirus. We have not experienced anything like it before.
Whether or not this ultimate nightmare scenario comes to pass, the events so far have already given us enough food for thought and, I trust, in due course action.
Stories like this offer the starkest examples:
More than 460 medicines, vaccines and other pharmaceutical products are already unavailable or in short supply in Australia even before fallout from the Covid-19 impacts global medicine supplies.
With chemists and the Federal Government warning the public not to panic buy medicines, the coronavirus has exposed the world’s and Australia’s dangerous reliance on India and China for life saving cheap medicines.
Panic buying has seen paracetamol and cold and flu remedies stripped from shelves as people also try to get bulk supplies of prescription medicine.
Paracetamol is the main medicine used to treat the fever and pain symptoms of coronavirus.
Over the past 40 years, China (and to a lesser degree other South and East Asian countries) has become the workshop of the world, providing an ever-greater range of cheaper goods at an increasingly – mostly – good (or good enough) quality for consumers from Benin to the United States; anything from paper serviettes and plastic toys to smartphones and generic drugs. The production capacity and the price advantage has hooked us all on “Made in China”, even as it progressively stripped away our own traditional domestic capabilities to be self-sustaining. We have become dependent – too dependent.
Unlike Donald Trump and the growing legions of populists and nationalists worldwide, I believe that the process of globalisation and the practice of free trade have been an overall boon for the standards of living, whether we’re talking about the West, China or most of the rest of the developing world. It’s not to say that the costs have not sometimes been high – and certainly not evenly spread. The West’s manufacturing decline instantly springs to mind. Hundreds of millions can now buy ridiculously cheap jeans and t-shirts, but millions have had to cope, often unsuccessfully, with a post-industrial life of less well paid and less secure jobs, if any at all.
But even as a fan of globalisation and free trade (though not necessarily all its aspects and certainly not all of its proponents and advocates), it’s clear for me that the resulting economic system, while great while the going is good, is actually more fragile when an albeit rare calamity strikes.
We are all too reliant on China. And China at best is an uneasy partner; it’s very far from a friend and an ally. But even if it was, or if the reliance was instead as extensive on, for example, the United States or the United Kingdom, the consequences would not necessarily be any better.
While taking advantage of China’s competitive advantage in producing so many goods we need and want makes economic sense – and conversely, trying to produce these same goods domestically at a far higher price due to much higher local inputs makes little economic sense – there are times, such as those of conflict, pandemic or widespread natural disaster – where economic considerations cease to occupy the primary position in any equation. It is no longer important that China produces cheaper drugs if it cannot actually produce them, or it cannot ship them overseas or is unwilling to do so (not necessarily out of malice, but because of an overwhelming domestic need, such as we’re seeing, for example, with face masks).
What the world needs is a limited, but scaleable, duplicated capacity for essential products, as well possibly some less essential ones. It matters less where that duplicated capacity resides as long as resides somewhere else. Medicines, telecommunications, mechanical components – these and other important goods need to be obtainable from other sources in cases of emergency, such as the one we are living through now. This is a manufacturing equivalent of a strategic reserve that many countries hold, for example of oil. It’s about hedging risks and insuring ourselves from a full economic contagion.
The United States, particularly under the influence of Trump’s America First philosophy (for the lack of a better word), should and likely will be the leader of that effort, but the European Union, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Japan and South Korea all have important roles to play.
Coronavirus is a wake-up call. Communovirus is the end game.
Arthur Chrenkoff blogs at The Daily Chrenk, where a version of this piece also appears.
Got something to add? Join the discussion and comment below.
Got something to add? Join the discussion and comment below. | <urn:uuid:fa8ae170-3cc9-4604-acf9-d122ad6af4a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://spectator.com.au/2020/03/coronavirus-and-why-we-need-globalisation-insurance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.940832 | 1,302 | 2.25 | 2 |
How to give your child the best Opportunities for Success
From the What Every Parent Needs to Know set of talks and materials
From birth there are many positive practises you can begin from the start, things you can introduce to support your child’s ongoing development. And through the choices you make, the interactions you enjoy together and the ways you care for and play with your child, know that you are preparing them for life.
What may seem only a slight or hardly considered change in our behaviour can have a staggering impact on your child. Especially when you view them over the long-term.
But are you aware of just how far back the impact of the choices take effect. And just how early positive choices start to have a positive effect?
- Did you know, for example, that whether your child can sit at a school desk without fidgeting and with enough comfort to concentrate on the lesson began with the ‘tummy time’ they received as a baby?
- That their vocabulary on starting school depends on how many words they heard from the day they were born?
- And that how easy they find learning to read and spell depends on the moments of quietness they have early on. As it is these through these moments that children learn to hear subtle differences in sound.
It’s the small yet significant differences that can have significant long-term impact – from day one. And continue to have an impact for generations to come!
So, support your child’s language by talking to them – a lot! You should also surround them with language from the first time you meet them. And know that with every word they hear, you are impacting their social skills, their vocabulary, and their ability to connect.
You can support your child’s communication by actively hearing them. But this means listening to them as they discover their thoughts and feelings. Even when this is through babble. When you do this, you are showing them that they are worthy of being heard. And if you can also avoid screens until they are two, you can develop their communication through the essential two-way exchanges that are needed. Something that screens cannot offer – but do detract away from.
You can also support your child’s physical development by avoiding keeping them “strapped in” for any longer than necessary. Do this by giving yourself the extra time you need, and leave the pushchair at home when you can. This gives them opportunities to feel what their growing bodies can do as they strengthen their muscles and bones. As well as stimulating their minds as they explore everything of interest. Like I said, give yourself some extra time! You should also give your baby “Tummy Time” from the first months of life, with lots of opportunities to touch, manipulate and explore.
As you look to support your child socially and emotionally, give them frequent opportunities to interact and play with others. And as you do, model behaviours of engaging and sharing with them.
And give them time to just be…
Children need opportunities to experience stillness and moments of centred well-being. So, allow time for magic and imagination, spending time in nature, singing nursery rhymes and playing silly games. Spend time in your local park, take walks in the neighbourhood, or enjoy visits around your community.
Make reading to your child a special time for the two of you every day, from the time they are born! Picture books with bright images will keep your baby entranced while rhyme and rhythm in a book they can touch and manipulate will keep your toddler enthralled.
Your child is perfecting their abilities, learning how to think, to process information and behave appropriately. This takes their whole childhood, so avoid rushing this vital development, or accelerating to the next stage.
Marvel in these early years and take the time to lay the foundations and positive practises you can begin from the start that are essential for all the years to come.
Dr Kathryn Peckham is an Early Childhood Consultant, author and researcher and the founder of Nurturing Childhoods. Providing all the knowledge, understanding and support you need to nurture your growing child. www.nurturingchildhoods.co.uk
DEVELOPING EVERY CHILD’S POTENTIAL | <urn:uuid:9c3fc4b2-5c6d-4c3f-95cd-d882b2b46c16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nurturingchildhoods.co.uk/positive-practises-to-begin-from-the-start/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965185 | 890 | 3 | 3 |
On January 11, 2011, Xinhua News Agency and the city of Beijing jointly held an unveiling ceremony for the Xinhua Net Industrial Park. The park is Xinhua’s first media high-tech development base designed to improve distribution capabilities and competitiveness in new media channels. In its publication business, Xinhua News Agency pays close attention to new media. The park plans to attract more partners and to join international competitions. Some of the goals in establishing the park were to enhance China’s “soft power” and to enhance “the capacity to guide public opinion.” As part of the plan, the park is to integrate various national level government websites as well as a “national search engine,” multimedia technologies, mobile interconnectivity, network video, digital publication, and e-commerce.
Source: Xinhua, January 11, 2011 | <urn:uuid:99b2b557-e6a3-487f-9dd6-f1fac535b074> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://chinascope.org/archives/5234 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.930442 | 202 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Gui, a kind of food container, has a big mouth, droopy belly, round bottom and two handles decorated with animal engravings. Its mouth ending is inscribed with the ornamentation of a long phoenix and a couple of animal heads. The belly is carved with the ornamentation of phoenix with hanging comb interspersed in diamond form. The bottom edge is decorated with triangle cloud figures. In the middle of the bottom there is a seal of 14 characters, explaining that this is made for one’s father’s birthday celebration.
Height: 15.5 cm, Caliber: 21.3 cm | <urn:uuid:09190b5d-76d3-4150-862e-c6abab346370> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/silk-road-themes/mouvable-heritage-and-museums/food-container-phoenix-ornamentation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.904673 | 131 | 1.507813 | 2 |
China Tested A Secret Hypersonic Missile With Advanced Space Capabilities
China allegedly tested a hypersonic missile in August, showcasing its space capabilities and new technology, as well as surprising U.S. intelligence, the Financial Times (FT) reported.
The missile in question was supposedly launched by the Chinese military on a Long March rocket, circled around Earth at low orbit before zeroing in on its target, which it missed by approximately 24 miles (38 km).
Regardless, the test was enough to demonstrate "an advanced space capability that caught US intelligence by surprise," per the FT's report. It also showed just how far China's hypersonic weapon technology has progressed.
China has yet to release an official statement about the launch, but the FT's anonymous sources have direct knowledge of the August launch, according to the report.
The world and hypersonic missiles
China isn't the only country pushing its hypersonic missile technology forward.
Earlier this month, Russia claimed it had successfully fired a hypersonic missile from a submarine. Just a few weeks earlier, the U.S. successfully tested its hypersonic cruise missile, and North Korea claims to have also carried out its first hypersonic missile test in September.
As these powerful nations push their hypersonic missile progress forward, it's little surprise China is joining the race.
Back in 2019, China had already showcased its advancing weaponry, which included its DF-17 hypersonic missile, reported Reuters. Ever since, it has been working hard to get the technology literally off the ground, as well as developing systems to defend against hypersonic missiles, per Al Jazeera.
Hypersonic missiles, similar to ballistic missiles, can fly at over five times the speed of sound and can deliver nuclear weapons. But unlike ballistic missiles that fly high up to space and back down again in an arc, hypersonic missiles fly at lower trajectories and are more maneuverable, making them a difficult target to track and defend against. | <urn:uuid:e848a991-ed81-4956-bfc4-00036b2247f6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-tested-a-secret-hypersonic-missile-with-advanced-space-capabilities | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.966163 | 409 | 2.453125 | 2 |
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