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1.Electrolyte prices rise first and then fall
Lithium-ion battery materials rose sharply in 2021, but now their prices have fallen, which shows one of the basic laws of market economy development: once prices rise too much, they will fall. In the beginning of 2021, the price of the electrolyte was only about 45,000 RMB per ton; but by the end of 2021, the highest electrolyte price had jumped to about 120,000 RMB per ton.
After that, Electrolyte prices have been at high levels and then fallen for months. In fact, lithium ion battery electrolyte prices have fallen more than 40 percent from their highs since March. Market data showed that the price of lithium iron phosphate electrolyte was as low as about 63,000 RMB per ton in early July. Overall, the price of electrolyte since 2022 is mainly high downward.
2.The price of electrolyte is closely related to the price of lithium hexafluorophosphate
"The price of electrolyte mainly depends on the price of upstream electrolyte, additives and solvent, and is closely related to the competitive pattern of the industry. Moreover, the price of products in different application fields varies greatly." Industry insiders said. According to the historical data, the price trend of electrolyte and that of lithium hexafluorophosphate show a great correlation. In 2021, the price of lithium hexafluorophosphate soared from about 107,000 RMB per ton at the beginning of the year to about 565,000 RMB per ton at the end of the year, an increase of more than 400%.
Correspondingly, electrolyte prices also rose. In 2021, the average price of ternary electrolyte increased by 230% to 113,000 RMB / ton, and the average price of lithium iron phosphate electrolyte increased by 170% to 110,000 RMB / ton. By March this year, the average market price of lithium hexafluorophosphate in China reached the peak point of about 600,000 / ton, up more than sevenfold compared with the previous price of less than 70,000 RMB / ton. After that, the price of lithium hexafluorophosphate acid began to decline, showing a downward trend. And electrolyte prices are also demonstrate a similar situation.
3.Forecast of future price trend of electrolyte
For the future trend of electrolyte prices, electrolyte industry leader, Tinci, believes that there is a risk of falling prices. However, " Although the electrolyte price was high before, we don't make a profit on this part of the increase. Because we are long locked in the price which is lower than the market price with customers. The price rise and downs have little impact on the company.” According to the performance forecast of the first half of 2022 released by Tinci, it is expected that the net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies in the first half year is 2.8 billion RMB-3 billion RMB, with a year-on-year growth of 257.74% -283.29%; the performance maintains stable growth.
Another electrolyte leader, Xinzhoubang new materials limited company, is expected to get net profit in the first half of 2022 of 983 million RMB-1.027 billion RMB, up 125% -135% year on year. The personage inside course of study says, the current hexafluorophosphate lithium price is approaching cost line and lithium hexafluorophosphate price bottom, showing that price of electrolyte link and unit profit will decrease. With the growth of market demand, the electrolyte link will be from cycle attributes to growth, and in the electrolyte link companies with great integration layout will have a strong cost advantage and long-term competitiveness.
From the demand side, the sales growth of new energy vehicles is still strong. Industry data show that in the first half of 2022, China's new energy vehicle industry maintained a high growth rate, with both the production and sales volume exceeding 2.6 million units. The industry expects that China's new energy vehicle sales are expected to reach 5.5 million units in 2022, up by 56 percent year on year or more than that. From the perspective of battery supporting installation, in the first half of 2022, China's cumulative power battery load reached 110GWh, up 109% year on year. Power battery installations are expected to develop well in the second half of the year, which will become a drag for electrolyte demand.
In fact, many electrolyte companies including top 5 battery electrolyte companies are accelerating production expansion. In July this year, Tinci disclosed two major investment projects, planning to invest 1.522 billion RMB in "annual output of 200,000 tons of lithium battery electrolyte renovation and expansion and 100,000 tons of iron lithium battery recycling project" and "annual output of 75,000 tons of lithium battery basic materials project". In addition to Tinci, Shida Shenghua proposed to raise no more than 4.5 billion RMB on July 14 for projects like the annual output of 300000 tons of electrolyte project (Dongying), annual output of 200000 tons of electrolyte project (Wuhan), 220000 tons / year lithium material production research and development integration project, annual output of 100000 tons of liquid lithium salt project, annual output of 11000 tons of additives and so on.
In May this year, GUOTAI announced that its subsidiary, Gthr, plans to set up a wholly-owned subsidiary in Zigong, Sichuan province with 200 million RMB, and use this as a carrier to build an annual output of 300,000 tons of lithium ion battery electrolyte and recycling 2,000 tons of solvent project, with a total investment of 1.511 billion RMB. It is reported that Yongtai also actively overweight electrolyte. The company revealed that its annual output of 150,000 tons of electrolyte project is expected to be put into production within this year and that the annual output of 134,000 tons of liquid lithium salt industrialization project of the holding subsidiary, Yongtai HI-TEH, is expected to be trial production at the end of this year or early next year.
"On the one hand, driven by the large-scale expansion demand of downstream batteries and car companies, the demand for electrolyte will increase significantly in the future so many enterprises increase the layout of the electrolyte. On the other hand, major enterprises expand electrolyte and raw materials integrated capacity, which is helpful to strengthen the market share, enhance the supply scale of enterprises, deepen binding with the downstream factories in order to make better profit and then have a strong discourse power in pricing." Industry analysts said.
It is predicted that China's electrolyte production capacity will reach 1.91 million tons in 2022, and will increase to 4.07 million tons in 2025, with a compound annual growth rate of 28.75%; global companies have a conservative expansion, with global electrolyte production capacity of 190,000 tons in 2022, and increase to 260,000 tons in 2025, with a compound annual growth rate of 10.58%. In the future, global electrolyte production capacity growth will mainly comes from Chinese companies. For more information on battery materials, please refer to lithium ion battery cathode materials. | <urn:uuid:f38d725a-9142-4b67-aaab-1f1ed50c4ded> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tycorun.com/blogs/news/new-trend-of-electrolyte-prices | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.938536 | 1,523 | 1.945313 | 2 |
I dislike the term “self-isolate”. We don’t want anyone to isolate or exclude anyone. Of course we want everyone to take care of themselves and others. We are all used to the idea of staying at home for the sake of health. We want to watch over one another with love. The commandment to love God, and your neighbour as yourself is best practised in reverse order. Love yourself first. You are number one. Be a sanctuary to yourself. This is not a selfish thought. If you can love yourself and be gentle with yourself you will better be able to love and look after and provide sanctuary to your neighbour. As we are advised on aeroplanes, in case of emergency put your own mask on first before you assist others. If you don’t you will not be able to help others. If you love yourself and your neighbour, you are expressing your love of and for God. This is true spiritual devotion. And remember that Jesus only ever mentioned one number. He said “where two or three are gathered together in my name I am there in the midst of them”. Be in touch and in communion with two or three. This is the beginning and deepest form of Church and communion and community. Such contact is manageable. Worship centres are closing. Organise your congregation/community/group to be in conversation and communion with each other in 2s and 3s. Do not practice isolation. And live in the confidence that God is with us and desires fulness of life for all. Do not doubt that you have communion and sanctuary in God. Blessings and Peace.
17 March 2020 | <urn:uuid:69d66fa3-064e-42ae-882c-a90e4b05617d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://leedssanctuary.org.uk/2020/03/19/holy-communion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.959562 | 345 | 1.5 | 2 |
With the recent relaxation in COVID – 19 restrictions more and more of the public are out cycling. Cycling has many benefits but unfortunately, many accidents occur due to defective bikes. Bikes are often sold and supplied to customers in an unsafe state. This can happen due to manufacturing defects, faulty hire bikes or as a result of poor bike assembly in stores.
Moloney Solicitors has seen an increase in compensation claims being taken by cyclists who have been injured as a result of cycling defective bikes.
Defective Products Act 1991
In Ireland cyclist who is injured as a result of a defective bike can sue the supplier and/or manufacturer of a bike for negligence, breach of duty and breach of contract. Under this legislation producer of a defective bike will be liable for any injuries or losses caused by its use.
The liability not only covers the injured person who purchased the bike but also any other person who may come to harm when using the bike. To succeed in a claim under the Liability for Defective Products Act an injured person must show that the bike was defective at the point the producer supplied it.
What should I do if I have an accident involving a defective bike?
Immediately take photos of the faulty part of the bike, any damage cycle gear and of your injuries. It would also be important to take photographs of the area where the accident occurred to defeat any argument that the road surface caused the accident itself.
Retain proof of the bike purchase
- if you are the owner of the bike you should ensure you keep the documents proving ownership.
- If you bought the bike online, you may have received an order confirmation by email.
- If you have paid by debit or credit card the transaction should be recorded on your bank statements.
- Do not return the bike to the supplier before having the bike inspected by an expert … if you think your accident was caused because the bike was defective in some way under no circumstances should you return it to the supplier without first of all having it independently assessed. Your supplier may offer you a full refund or an alternative bike but if you later have to take a legal claim against them for damages they may fail to retain the bike for later inspection and crucial evidence will then be lost.
How will my Solicitor win my defective bike case?
We are product liability experts and regularly bring such negligence claims before the Courts. We would allege that the defendants were guilty of negligence, breach of duty and contract in that they
- Supplied a bike that was dangerous and unsafe to use
- The supplier failed to carry out appropriate testing and risk assessments with regard to the defective bike
- The supplier failed to warn the bike owner of the danger that existed for them when using the bike
- Permitted a dangerous product to be sold produced or marketed in a dangerous and unsafe condition
- Exposed the bike owner to a risk of injury of which they knew or ought to have known because of the defective nature of the bike itself
If you have been injured as a result of a defective bike and wish to get legal advice about your legal rights to pursue a claim for compensation please simply download the attached instruction sheet
or email our office at email@example.com and we will immediately contact you to help you with your case. | <urn:uuid:f6cfde3b-b48d-41a0-9029-f57cd1cd17cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://moloneysolicitors.ie/growth-in-defective-bike-injury-claims/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.97509 | 669 | 1.507813 | 2 |
ECONOMY AND TAXATION IN THE FACE OF POPULATION AGING SEJ587
The group of Economy and taxation in the face of population aging is focus on the mechanisms that the legislator could use from an economic point of view but, above all, fiscal so that the public pension system is sustainable and sufficient. To maintain the level of social welfare that characterizes Spain. In this sense, the members of this group have a multidisciplinary scientific training: jurists, economists, and doctors. this training diversity allows to address the study in a global way; as a result, through the group, a monograph and doctrinal articles on the respect has been published.
- Social economy.
- Spanish tax system.
- Agreements of the Toledo pact.
- Studies on life expectancy according to gender.
- Effects of tax expenditures on private savings.
- Incidence of complementary pension systems in maintaining of social welfare.
- The propensity to consume in the retired population.
Key areaseconomy legal studies social studies
Main Researcher: MIGUEL GUTIÉRREZ BENGOECHEA
PAI Reference: SEJ587 | <urn:uuid:f56563e0-80df-4748-9cb0-c1ee8c35d3e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ofertaidi.uma.es/en/SEJ587.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.853657 | 257 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Unintentional injury is the No. 1 killer of America's children, taking more lives than disease, violence and suicide. Summer – when children are out of school, outdoors and more active – is the most dangerous season for kids.
But 90 percent of injuries to children can be prevented, and Brenner Children’s Hospital, part of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, has some warm-weather safety tips.
Bicycle, skating and scooter safety
“A bicycle helmet is a necessity, not an accessory, and parents can be fined if their child does not wear a helmet,”according to Charles Turner, M.D., a pediatric surgeon at Brenner Children’s Hospital. North Carolina laws require that children under the age of 16 wear a bicycle helmet.
Helmets have been shown to reduce the risk of head injury by as much as 85 percent and the risk of brain injury by as much as 88 percent. In addition, parents should:
• Buy reflective clothing, stickers, bike reflectors, and bicycle lighting for an older child who will be riding or skating at dawn or dusk.
• Encourage children to use a horn or bell, which can warn motorists and pedestrians of their presence.
• Make sure your child wears elbow pads, wrist guards and knee pads to prevent other injuries.
• Encourage children to keep speed down, which is essential to preventing injuries.
• Not allow children to jump over ramps or to ride in a street with traffic.
• Closely supervise children to make sure they have control and can ride safely.
Lawnmower injury prevention
When children are injured in a lawnmower accident, they can lose fingers, toes, hands and feet, according to Thomas Pranikoff, M.D., a pediatric surgeon at Brenner Children’s Hospital. Many require extensive surgery – and all can be prevented.
• Children should be at least 16 years old to operate a riding lawnmower and 12 years old to operate a push mower.
• Children under 6 years of age should be kept indoors during mowing and should not be allowed to ride as passengers on mowers. Never lift children onto a running riding mower.
• Children should wear shoes that cover their toes and feet and should be watched carefully. Children should never touch a lawnmower that has been recently used, and adults should never pour gasoline into a hot lawnmower.
All-Terrain Vehicle/Motorcycle safety
Children under 16 should not drive or ride on an all terrain vehicles (ATV) or a motorcycle, according to Turner. “These vehicles offer no protection in the event of an accident,” Turner said. “In the case of a sudden stop, the child continues to go forward only to be stopped by a moving object such as a car or truck, or by a stationary object such as a tree.
“No amount of protective gear can prevent injury. Children are precious and deserve our guidance and protection. The risk of death or permanent injury is too great to allow them to ride on ATVs or motorcycles.”
Farm machinery safety
Children under 16 should not drive or ride on farm machinery, according to Turner. “Like ATVs, these vehicles offer no protection against an accident,” Turner said. “When children are injured in a farm machinery incident, they oftentimes lose fingers, toes, hands and feet, require extensive surgery and a lengthy recovery.”
Seat-belt/car seat safety (year-round)
Infants should ride in rear-facing safety seats until they are at least 20 pounds and 1 year old, according to Donna Joyner, R.N., the SAFE Kids coordinator at Brenner Children’s Hospital.
• Infants should never be placed in the front seat of a vehicle with a passenger-side air bag. Children older than 1 year who weigh less than 80 pounds and/or less than 4’9” tall should ride in forward-facing child safety seats.
• Children should ride in a booster seat if they are less than 8 years old and weigh less than 80 pounds. Your child is ready for a seatbelt once the seatbelt falls across the chest without restricting the neck and the lap belt crosses the pelvis and not the abdomen. All children must wear a seat belt once they outgrow their booster seat.
• North Carolina law requires that a child wear a seat belt in the back seat of a car. Children under the age of 12 should never ride in the front seat of a vehicle with an airbag.
Media Contact: Rae Bush (336) 716-6878, email@example.com; Shannon Koontz (336) 716-2415, firstname.lastname@example.org; or Karen Richardson (336) 716-4453, email@example.com.
About Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center: Wake Forest Baptist is an academic health system comprised of North Carolina Baptist Hospital, Wake Forest University School of Medicine and Brenner Children’s Hospital. It is licensed to operate 1,282 acute care, rehabilitation, psychiatry and long-term care beds and is consistently ranked as one of “America’s Best Hospitals” by U.S. News & World Report. Brenner Children’s was named one of the top children’s hospitals in the nation by Child magazine. | <urn:uuid:87c7b68b-b776-4cb9-8c25-54467fb7a81c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newsroom.wakehealth.edu/news-releases/2005/05/parents-can-reduce-summers-injury-threat-according-to-pediatricians-at-brenner-childrens | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.943048 | 1,134 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Chosen families aren’t new. For centuries, we’ve heard stories of people who have become pariahs, estranged from their families for a multitude of reasons. Ideological differences, queerness and unconventional lifestyles are among the root causes. In modern times, ostracism tends to be followed by homelessness, cross-country moves, or both. Relocation can, often times, be a baptism of sorts. It’s a process that gives the born again an opportunity to bask in their new life. With this renewal comes new alliances, people who become a second family to someone who maybe didn’t get to enjoy the closeness we’ve assigned to nuclear families.
“An increasing number of people, especially unorthodox Black women, and members of the LGBTQIA+ community, are opting to embrace their chosen family instead of blood relatives.”
Social media has simplified the creation of chosen families. It can be as easy as sending over a DM or building a connection as Twitter mutuals.
“I met most of my chosen family through the internet,” says rapper and radio DJ Torrienne Ellis-Downs. A queer artist, Ellis-Downs was made uncomfortable during family gatherings, and began building her chosen family in high school. “A few friends, one, in particular, I met through a roommate and our bond is something similar to sisters now. [She’s] from the UK and Jamaican, so she really embraces Thanksgiving as a Friendsgiving,” she added.
Ellis-Downs also shared how for the feast, each friend brings a dish from home, and compared their Friendsgiving to what people are taught the first Thanksgiving entailed. “I feel like our Thanksgiving is what U.S. history claims the first celebration was like: camaraderie, variety of new flavors, new friendships and strengthening old ones,” she shared.
Rachel C. Lewis, a Black, queer writer and editor, says similar experiences led her to her chosen family. “I haven’t spoken to much of my dad’s side of my family…in almost ten years,” Lewis revealed. Lewis’ father’s side of the family is Black, but she rejected the idea of their homophobia being connected to their Blackness, as she knows that religion backs their beliefs. “I’m very, very queer, and I do not apologize for it,” she said. “As a result, ever since I was a teenager, chosen family has always been important to me. I surround myself with the people who love me most, and who see me…I’m better for it.”
Queer folks are often targets of violence, and biological family members are sometimes the ones who inflict this harm. Therefore, chosen family is more than a matter of mental health, it’s about remaining safe.
In 2014, Daniel Pierce, a 20-year-old gay man, was repeatedly punched by his step-mother after coming out as gay. Other family members verbally attacked him, and Pierce recorded the entire altercation. Instances like these are a part of the reason why members of the queer community are celebrating the holidays on their own terms.
“It’s the time of year usually associated with old stories, good will, soul food, and family. ”
Right now is the time of year usually associated with old stories, good will, soul food, and family. But it’s also a time of great discomfort for queer individuals who are a part of families that do not accept them. Because of this, an increasing number of people, especially unorthodox Black women, and members of the LGBTQIA+ community, are opting to embrace their chosen family instead of blood relatives. This choice has transformed, and saved, lives. | <urn:uuid:312f8f82-44c3-4bda-82a0-1172762890c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://girlsunited.essence.com/article/chosen-family/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.974728 | 799 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Poker has a long history. The first game was probably played by card hustlers, who used the word “poke” as slang for cheating unsuspecting opponents. Then, the “r” was added to confuse those who were aware of slang, but that is a matter of debate. Whatever the case, poker is a game of skill, and the idea of competition is at the core of the game.
There are many variations of the game of poker. Some have betting intervals while others do not. The player who makes the first bet has the privilege (or duty) to make that bet. Each player must place in the pot a certain number of chips equal to the total contribution of all players before him. This player is known as an active player. As soon as the last betting round is over, the player who has the best hand wins the pot.
A game of poker requires each player to place a wager into the pot. The pot is the middle chip pile of the table. A hand with four of a kind, or quads, qualifies as a low hand. In split pot games, you must qualify for a low hand. This means holding 5 cards of a lower value than your opponents. There are a few different types of poker strategies. The first one is known as suited.
The second type of optimal poker play involves evaluating your opponents’ cards and how they react to them. It requires patience, discipline, and guts to perform optimally in a game of poker. You can use mathematical analysis to determine the optimal poker strategy. If you have the right information, playing optimally can be an incredibly lucrative experience. If you’re not careful, you’ll end up losing your money. A bad decision will make your opponent’s hand worse.
The main objective of a poker game is to win the pot. The pot is the total of bets made by each player during a hand. Players wager money with the best hand or attempt to convince their opponents to fold. The money saved from the pot is just as valuable as the money won, so knowing when to fold is crucial. The best hand in poker is the highest combination of five cards. If you have that, you are a winner.
The second type of bluff is the semi-bluff. It allows you to bluff with the highest hand but without being too obvious. This strategy works if your opponent is betting with the best hand, because your opponent will not know it is a bluff. However, bluffing should not be overdone; it’s better to save the extra bet and win the pot. The third type of bluff is the traditional one. Whenever it’s used to play poker, it will make your opponents more likely to fold when you have the highest hand.
The most common form of poker is Texas Hold’em. A typical game involves an ante, which is a small buy-in bet. A dealer will then deal two cards to each player. Each player will decide whether to bet with the hand he has, and may also fold, check, or raise the bet. The winner is the player with the highest hand. But before deciding to play poker, it’s worth knowing the basics of the game. | <urn:uuid:cd0a818d-862a-439b-b7cd-d1f1efc542e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://soundetector.com/how-to-play-online-poker-7/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.975343 | 667 | 2.125 | 2 |
Revelation 17 is an explanation of what John has seen since the opening of the seventh seal on the seven-sealed scroll that appears to represent the seven days of creation and, indeed, all the days of space and time as we experience them.
In Revelation chapter 4 Jesus said, “Come up here,” and suddenly John finds himself before the throne of God. He’s got the whole world (cosmos) in His hand, as twenty-four elders—one, of whom, must be John—ceaselessly worship around the throne.
There must be at least two Johns: the John that is entirely awake to the sovereignty of God and the John that is asleep in the dream of his own sovereignty; there must be a perfected John, who ceaselessly worships in eternity and John, the grumpy fisherman in the scroll in 30 AD. And now, John observes them both.
In chapter 17 an angel speaks to this John, the observer.
The angel reveals the identity of the Great Harlot.
She is Babylon, Rome, Jerusalem and the mother of earth’s abominations.
She is an economy of “porneia.”
She is the spirit that tells us that we must pay for Love.
She rides the beast.
The beast is the empires of Babylon, Persia, Greece, and Rome.
The beast has seven heads that are seven kings and seven mountains.
The beast also appears to be the antichrist—the imitation Christ.
The beast is the spirit that tempts us to take life, to make ourselves live.
Everyone dwelling on earth follows the beast, appears to be marked by the number of the beast, and constructs and worships an image of the beast.
I often seem to make myself in the image of a beast, even though I desperately want to make myself in the image of God . . . just as the Pharisees wanted to make themselves in the image of God.
Solomon wrote, “God is testing the children of Adam that they may see that they themselves are but beasts.”
If the beast is the imitation christ, the harlot is the imitation bride of christ.
It’s easy to get stressed about the beast and, battling the beast, make oneself rather beastly . . . and whorish.
And yet, three times in chapter 17, the angel says, “The beast is not…”
The beast exists in your past, which is your interpretation of events you have experienced. And the beast exists in your future, which is a fiction you have created based on your interpretation of the past.
The past is gone. The future is a fiction. But NOW is the day of Salvation. “NOW is the Judgment of this world. NOW is the ruler of this world cast out,” said Jesus in John 12. NOW is where, and when, I can know and be known by another. Now is that point where, and when, time touches eternity.
“The beast was, is not, and is about to come and go to destruction,” says the angel.
Three times John has already heard that the Lord is the One who “was, is, and is to come.” God is “I AM.”
There is a fundamental dualism in Scripture between Good and evil, Life and death, Truth and lies, Light and dark, Logos and chaos, “I AM” and “i am not.” It’s a fundamental dualism that isn’t really a dualism, for one side IS and one side is not.
There is also a fundamental dualism in us in Scripture, between the New/Eternal Man and the old man, the True Self and the false self, the Vessel of Mercy and the vessel of wrath, the Wheat and the tare, the Grain and the chaff, between the Child of God and the spawn of the devil.
The devil is not the father of people, but the father of lies. When we, the Bride of Christ, believe the devil’s lies we receive his “seed” and produce an “abomination.”
In Luke 16, Jesus says to the Pharisees, “That which is exalted among men is an abomination in the sight of God.” Your ego is an abomination, and when it sits on the throne in the temple of your soul it becomes the abomination of desolation, for you think you are a beast or harlot and not a man or woman created in the image of God. You think that you are “not,” and must make yourself “I AM.”
You cannot make your nothing into something with fear that you’re nothing, or by striving to be something, which is only choosing more nothing.
You cannot save yourself, you can only wake from the nightmare that “you are salvation,” to the reality of “God is Salvation,” “Yeshua,” Jesus.
You cannot create yourself; you can only wake to the reality that you have been created.
By Grace you can accept yourself—your true self—by looking into the eyes of your Father and believing His Judgment: “The beast is not, and you are ‘called and chosen and faithful.’” That is who I am.
*Sermon discussion questions are available here: “The Beast Is Not So What Am I?” | <urn:uuid:00b8201f-196e-4b05-9a71-6d96061dfc5b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://relentless-love.org/sermons/the-beast-is-not-so-what-am-i/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.962224 | 1,164 | 2.171875 | 2 |
There are foursections in the Listening part of IELTS. The Listening part is the same for both the General and Academic IELTS.
In Section 1, you hear 2 people speaking. It’s a social, informal conversation.It might be associated with dates, times and arrangements. There could be changes of dates and times during the conversation.
In Section 2, you will hear one person speaking about a general topic. A common question is summary completion and/or sentence completion.
In Section 3, you will hear four people speaking about an academic subject.
In Section 4, you will hear one person giving a lecture, also on an academic subject.
Here are the types of listening questions in IELTS Listening:
- Completing a form / note / summary / flow-chart/table
- Short answer questions
- Sentence completion
- Labelling a map, plan or diagram
- Multiple choice
The most important skills for IELTS Listening are:
- Understanding context
- Identifying speakers
- Identifying categories
- Recognizing paraphrase
- Identifying distractors
- Understanding position and directions (map)
- Understanding position and movement (process)
- Understanding a person’s opinion, suggestions and decision
- Identifying the main idea and details of a lecture
- Understanding numbers and letters
Here’s a Strategy to manage the Listening part of IELTS:
- In all Sections of IELTS Listening, you will hear an introduction before the Listening starts. You will learn the context from the introduction.
- For example: You will hear a man and a woman speaking about college courses.
- Listen carefully and answer questions 1 to 5.
- After the introduction ofthe listening, you will have a short time to read the questions.
- Read and study the questions during this short break.
Practice listening to different types of accents and voices (male and female).
80% of accents in IELTS listening are British and Australian; 20% are American and Canadian.Check out videos on accents and intonation to help develop your comprehension.
In a table question, you need to complete the table. First, read the headings in the table to make sure you understand what to listen for in the audio.
Learning synonyms (words with the same meaning) is important to recognize paraphrase during the audio. In IELTS listening, ideas are often repeated or paraphrased.In the questions, ideas are often paraphrased too,so listen out for this. For example: We hear a man in the audio say, ‘’I’m thinking about changing my job’’.
In the question, we read:
a) The man is considering changing his work.
b) The man is thinking about his job.
c) The man will change his job.
Distractors are answers that are incorrect. Distractors may include words that sound similar to the correct answers. For example: What time is the meeting?
a) Eight thirty
b) Eight thirteen
c) Nine thirty
Understanding position and direction:
During Map or Plan questions, you must label a map as you listen to the audio.You need to understand language for directions.
Marking the way with a highlighter or with a pen on the map as you listen to the audio will help you label the map.
Watch out for distractors, such as references during the listening to extra buildings or information on the map not related to the questions.
Understanding Process and Movement
During flow chart or process questions in listening, you may need to label the parts of a device or a machine. You often heartypical words such as:
Activate, Turn, Hold, Pull, Push, Spin, Hit, Wrap, Wind, Place, Generate, Force, and Rotate
We often use prepositions of place and position:
Place the rope around the object.
Put it inside the machine.
Turn the box upside-down.
The water runs through a tube.
The cart moves along the track.
Understanding dates, numbers and letters
Practice your letters and the English alphabet.and review all your numbers for dates, times and figures before doing the IELTS Listening Test.
Warning! In IELTS listening, the speaker sometimes changes his/her mind. He/she might change a date, time or location so listen actively for any changes during the audio. | <urn:uuid:c2c9bb07-8778-43a5-855c-f28d0c820cf6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://english-gurus.com/ielts-listening/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.899718 | 958 | 3.1875 | 3 |
How does our sensor work?
FBAR sensors are resonators that operate at a set frequency, when the target substance/property is detected or interacts with the system this set frequency changes. The change is then translated by our software and accurate measurements given.
What makes our sensor better?
The FBAR sensors differ vastly from the competing technologies. Competitive advantages include ultra-sensitivity, high selectivity, low cost, low power consumption and simplified systems integration.
The small size of the sensors also allows multiple units to be placed into small circuits and embedded into ordinary electronics.
Where is the technology designed and manufactured?
Worcester Scientific designs all its patented sensor technology in-house, at our Head Office in Worcester, England. Once the design process is complete, the sensors are made in the UK by our specialist team of suppliers. Designing and manufacturing in the UK allow us to ensure the highest of fabrication standards are met, whilst reducing the carbon footprint of Worcester Scientific.
Can sensors be used in my business/industry?
Our sensors have the capability to be utilised throughout many businesses and industries. If you have a need or opportunity for sensors within your business, please contact us and we will happily discuss any ideas you have.
- NEMS = Nano-electrical mechanical systems
- MEMS = Micro-electrical mechanical systems
- FBAR = Thin Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator
- Increased mass loading sensitivity – FBAR sensors can detect mass down to the femtogram level, around the size of a virus particle. The equivalent of diving a gram by a million, then dividing that number by a million (10-15).
- Visco-elastic monitoring – FBAR sensors can monitor the viscosity and elasticity of fluids and soft solids, example applications include blood and oil. | <urn:uuid:4d0f92f8-8cda-4532-9805-c518566de65c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://worcesterscientific.com/faqs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.912072 | 380 | 2.59375 | 3 |
The first topic addressed in the Future Today Institutes’s report is Artificial Intelligence and I concur in their choice: AI is bound to be the underlying force that will shape this decade and will change the landscape in the next one:
- autonomous vehicles
- personalised and contextualised web-spaces aka Spatial Web
- personalised healthcare
- collaborative/symbiotic human machine landscape
- shared knowledge
Overall the AI market is expected to keep growing at a 42% CAGR throughout most of this decade.
AI is already a widespread reality, thanks to the growing amount of data and data streams (correlation is a key enabler) and to the continuous increase in processing capacity and availability. Additionally, the growing availability of APIs for AI and of low-code software designed to foster the creation and application of AI with minimal amount of coding needing is making AI affordable to a variety of business. In synch with the easier and more affordable trend in AI software development we are seeing an increasing effort to develop chips to support AI at hardware level and FTI foresees that more and more these chips will become available at the edges (in the last decade specialised chips to support AI, like Synapse, Cerebra and NVIDIA were targeting the servers in the Cloud and in the big data centres). This means that AI in this decade will move both as Machine Learning and as application much closer to the points where data are created (smart IoT clusters).
The Digital Twins are becoming smarter, by embedding AI that operates on their local data and correlates them to contextual data. It is expected a strong evolution during this decade providing a further impulse to embedded AI exploiting local data. An interesting point made in the FTI report is the expectation of a growing use of “Deep Twins” in the Operating Room (for surgery). The Deep Twins are a variation of Digital Twins able to mirror a patient form the point of view of a surgeon. The surgeon is using, through simulation software, also AI based, the Deep Twin to perform a virtual surgery and once she has found a satisfactory procedure will apply that on the real patient. The Deep Twin is present throughout the surgery and is being used in case a complication arises to allow an on-the-flight simulation and indicate alternative procedure.
AI has been applied in the healthcare space in the design of new drugs. The Covid-19 has both accelerated the effort to exploit AI for finding vaccines (and symptomatic cure) and proved that indeed AI can accelerate the design and testing of vaccine. Having been able to move from need to market in just one year is an unprecedented success that is largely based on AI. This is going to accelerate the application of AI to healthcare.
The report provides many more insight on the evolution of AI in various sectors, on the research trends and on the societal aspects. The overall message is that AI will both grow in performances and in application with a shift towards the edges (decentralised AI) and this is possibly the novelty expected in this decade.
What I see at the core of this AI percolation in any vertical and of its mass market penetration is the rise of ultra-smart phones. These phones will have:
- huge storage capacity – up to 128 TB
- huge processing capacity
- neuromorphic embedded processing (SoC)
- full network node capability (6G)
- local AI contributing to federated AI
These (expected) characteristics are the needed ingredients for supporting a mass market distribution of AI and at the same time are creating a gigantic platform for applications, As I indicated in the drawing I see the emergence of super smart phones that will encapsulate our personal digital twin . This PDT is the aggregator of data, both of the ones created through the smartphone and the one made available by other personal devices (like wearables, laptop, tablets…), and the processing point of data to create intelligence. This is made possible, as indicated in the drawing, by the ever increasing processing and storage capabilities of the smartphone -including the use of SoC, System on Chip, embedding neuromorphic architectures to support AI- and the participation of these smartphones to a fabric of communications at the edges (look at this in terms of a “fog”, tiny local interconnected clouds). This fabric connects local points of intelligence -the ultra smartphones- into a federated architecture that further creates an emerging intelligence that feeds back onto each ultra smartphone. Additionally, each of this ultra-smartphone becomes a local hub connecting other intelligence points, like smart vehicles, smart appliances, smart environment….
In short, my vision for AI in this decade foresees the smartphone as a major component that will accelerate the growth of AI through decentralisation and federation.
A lot of research is needed but I see some clear signs pointing in this direction. | <urn:uuid:42bc4f85-0cf5-4831-999c-ba87c7501066> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cmte.ieee.org/futuredirections/2021/03/29/post-pandemic-scenarios-ii-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.941881 | 984 | 1.992188 | 2 |
THE Apostles are the most famous band of men in history, and yet
very little is known about their particular characters or how they
looked, except that most of them were fishermen and so would have
been muscular, suntanned, and possibly quite patient.
At this year's Lenten art exhibition at the little medieval
shepherd's church St Michael's, in Presteigne, on the Welsh Border,
Charles MacCarthy, artist and curator, is making sure that each
apostle is portrayed as a unique individual.
He and his fellow organiser David Hiam put the names of the 12
apostles in a hat, and then picked one out for each of the chosen
12 artists to draw or paint.
The altar has been temporarily moved aside to allow MacCarthy's
12-foot-long white plasterboard table to take its place, with
plaster models of plates, cups, bread, and chalice illuminated by a
spotlight. A black backdrop represents sky and space. On the table
stands a globe, and MacCarthy has engraved on the table "That they
may be one". Around the walls hang the contrasting 12 portraits,
and MacCarthy sees this as reaffirming Jesus's prayer for unity,
and as representing the peoples of the world united in Christ.
Bronte Woodruff has taken a traditional approach to Andrew, the
brother of Peter. Using Van Dyck crystals as muted stain for his
face and beard, and delicate aquatint blue for his headdress, she
presents a gentle young middle-aged man, a quieter version of his
elder brother, yet strong and determined.
Tony Hall has also taken a conventional view of Judas Iscariot
rather than struggle with a personal interpretation. The apostle is
instantly recognisable with his head covered in a prayer shawl, as
he places the kiss of betrayal on Jesus's cheek. This is in pencil
and white chalk on grey board.
Since almost nothing is known about Thaddeus, known also as
Jude, Simon Dorrell has portrayed him in light-toned gouache and
ink, in a confrontational but quizzical attitude. "I know who I
am," he seems to say. "Who do you think I am?" Dorrell has used a
special locally produced handmade hypericum paper, which is fragile
and absorbent. The result is full of holes and tears, suggesting
decay, and perhaps that the past can never truly be fully
We do know that James the elder (son of Zebedee) had a fiery
temper and was one of the closer apostles to Jesus, and also one of
the first to be martyred. Susie Cawley's portrait in bright
watercolour and ink shows a man, dark hair and beard closely
cropped, and looking as if he knows exactly where he is going. The
background of sea and foreign lands suggests the journey that he is
to make, and he wears the scallop shell on his cloak, the symbol of
the Santiago de Compostela pilgrimage.
Luckily, Sara Bamford was able to use the many biblical
references to create her Thomas. He is young and beardless with
wiry black hair, and is frowning suspiciously. To get this effect,
she has used wire and solder on paper-covered board. She feels that
he was passionate and impetuous, but once he had proved to himself
that Jesus was alive, his faith became great, intense, and
Although there is no specific description of Philip, he seems to
have been a quiet, patient, and organised man, who attended to the
teachings of John the Baptist, followed Jesus loyally from the
beginning, and brought his friend Bartholomew (also Nathanael) to
meet Jesus. Silvia Pastore has made Philip a friendly,
fresh-complexioned young man with loose grey hair and short beard,
who could fit in anywhere in any age.
Jesus said about Bartholomew "Behold an Israelite indeed in whom
there is no guile." It is also recorded that he was martyred by
being flayed until all the skin was torn off his body. Dan
MacCarthy has made a wood engraving of his father peeling all the
skin off an apple, which, he says, is "bringing religious imagery
into the domain of my own experience and that of the present day".
It will be difficult to peel an apple again without remembering St
Lois Hopwood sees James the Less as a young, beardless man
engrossed in thought; but, as a mature man, he was highly thought
of in the Jerusalem church. Like James, his brother John was known
to be fiery, but very loving, and the only apostle known to have
waited with Mary at the foot of the cross and to whom Jesus
entrusted her care. Alex Ramsay has avoided a young version, and in
a photo of a pigment print has framed John in profile as an older
man setting off on his mission with short greying hair, a red cloak
representing his hot temper, and a net slung over his shoulder.
Matthew (known also as Levi) was not a fisherman, but an
unpopular tax collector working for the Romans, before he followed
Jesus. Julienne Braham shows him with balding head half held in his
hands at the point of realisation of the shame of his sin and the
awakening of his true self, while cleansing light pours down on
him. She has used mixed media with acrylic paint for the sun's
rays, and at the bottom of her moving portrait she has written: "I
came not to call the righteous but sinners to repentance" (Mark
In opposition to the Romans and working for national
independence were the Zealots, and it is thought that Jesus
accepted not only Matthew, but Simon the Zealot, with their
opposing political views, to show his love for all, whatever they
stood for. Nick Bush decided to make Simon the Zealot a jovial sort
of mature man with a short haircut, but, although the eyes are
friendly, there is also a rather determined and ruthless look in
Peter has the best-known character, but Tania Mosse has overlaid
a fine cloth imprinted with a bearded face over Japanese paper
printed with a fishing net to suggest the mists of time and how
things are preserved, changed, forgotten, and lost over the
Even if we know that the apostles' real characters are lost "in
the mists of time", it is good to see them revisualised and
remember how amazing they were.
"The Twelve: A Further Reflection on the Last Supper" is at
St Michael's, Presteigne, Powys LD8 2NW, until 6 April. Open daily
10 a.m. to 5.30 p.m. Phone 01547 560 246.
All profits from the sale of the artworks go to St Michael's | <urn:uuid:092974e4-b125-46af-b058-11c8ca80e84c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2015/27-february/books-arts/visual-arts/at-the-last-great-supper | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.97219 | 1,540 | 2.328125 | 2 |
This is true for most patients except those participating in therapist-run exercise or fitness programs, or those patients with an IEP or IFSP.
N Nebraska There are no restrictions to access in Nebraska. Physical therapy is used preventatively in a wellness setting to prevent injury, provide conditioning, or promote fitness. Based on the patient, specific types of treatment might be better suited.
The therapist receives written consent for treatment from the patient after the therapist has disclosed the scope and nature of physical therapy. Treatment does not continue beyond 90 days. The patient is a child diagnosed with a developmental disability. Version 97, APTA, and reviewed catalogs of institutions offering physical therapist educational programs and guidelines from 49 jurisdictions for licensing foreign educated physical therapists.
The patient is making reasonable progress toward his or her goals within 30 days of treatment. During the interview, applicants may be rated on their oral communication skills, professional behaviors and attitudes, ability to interact in a group, knowledge of the profession, ability to solve problems, and motivation to pursue a career in physical therapy.
The authorization certificate is displayed in the clinic in a public place where anyone can see it. The patient shows no symptoms of having a disorder and therapy is used preventatively in a wellness setting to prevent injury, screen or consult, provide education or conditioning, or promote fitness.
The therapist does not use orthotics in treatment. Preregistration for information sessions is not required. If you have observed a PT in more than 1 setting, select "Add New Entry" for each additional experience.
During this timeframe, INS now USCIS published rules requiring agencies that provided visa screening for healthcare workers to conduct ongoing validation studies of the tools used to assess candidates for certification.
At that point, the physical therapist has to get a referral. The patient is in a nursing home and physical therapy follows the plan of care.
Applicants should be prepared to discuss why they have chosen to pursue a career in physical therapy and how they perceive the role of physical therapists in health care.
Relist the information appropriately. These criteria and expectations were for physical therapists, physical therapist clinics and physical therapy programs to be under the direction and prescription of the physician. Physical therapy must follow the plan of care.
South Dakota There are no restrictions to access in South Dakota. This certificate authorizes treatment of only neurological, muscular, or skeletal conditions. Admission requirements for the program include completion of an undergraduate degree that includes specific prerequisite coursework, volunteer experience or other exposure to the professionand completion of a standardized graduate examination e.
However, it is seen as unprofessional conduct if a therapist thinks the care is outside of his or her scope, but he or she does not refer the patient to an appropriate healthcare provider. Physical therapy is used preventatively in a wellness setting to prevent injury, provide education or conditioning, or promote fitness.
New Mexico A physical therapist can treat direct access patients when: Some things to note: Treatment does not extend beyond 14 consecutive business days from the date of initial evaluation and: The exception would be treatment for acute fractures or soft tissue injuries.
Wyoming A physical therapist can treat direct access patients when: CWT 3 was developed from these standards. South Dakota There are no restrictions to access in South Dakota.
PTA-Tool 1 reflects the minimum foundational studies and applied science and technical education for substantial equivalence with respect to a U. The patient is progressing towards his or her goals within the first 30 days of treatment.
Clinical residencies are designed to further a physical therapy resident's knowledge in a specific area of clinical practice. He or she is also barred from practicing podiatry, chiropractic care, occupational therapy, dentistry, or prosthetics. North Carolina A physical therapist can treat direct access patients when: The class must also teach the therapist how to recognize when and in what time frame to refer to a physician, dentist, osteopath, chiropractor, or podiatrist.
O A physical therapist can treat direct access patients when: If within the first 15 calendar days or six visits whichever comes firstthe patient is not making substantial progress, the therapist must refer the patient to a licensed physician, chiropractor, dentist, podiatrist, or osteopath.
The therapist has at least three years of experience as a licensed physical therapist; and he or she has successfully completed a board-approved course that lasts at least 18 hours and teaches the therapist how to recognize symptoms of systemic disease—more specifically, symptoms that mimic cardiological, neurological, oncoligical, or musculoskeletal disorders.
The term "therapist" is often a used generically to describe a number of health care professionals who provide mental health services to clients. Susan Farber, MA, MFT() Susan is a Marriage Family Therapist in private practice. She has both a Bachelor's and Master's in psychology. She says "Often my work encompasses a mind/body perspective.
Untapped Potential Physical Therapy is owned and operated by two highly trained physical therapists, Drew Scrimgeour and Tracy Eisenbeis. With great excitement, Tracy and Drew welcomed Blair Watson, PT, MPT, OCS to join their busy and growing practice in The Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy has launched a project to develop an interstate licensure compact for physical therapy.
The purpose of the compact is to increase consumer access to physical therapy services by reducing regulatory barriers to interstate mobility and cross –state practice.
Welcome to PTCAS. The Physical Therapist Centralized Application Service (PTCAS) is a service of the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA).
Physical Fitness and Diving - Diving has gotten away from the stereotype based on the early days of diving, that it is a rough and tough sport requiring extreme endurance and strength.Physical therapist coursework | <urn:uuid:30c1e079-85c7-486b-831c-f62e7c06c118> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lezozibivuvam.thesanfranista.com/physical-therapist-coursework-13935ol.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.938909 | 1,179 | 2.015625 | 2 |
One of the main questions that we have in a live performance troubleshooting scenario is to answer the question what is Azure SQL Database or Managed Instance working on?. In this video I'm going to share some insights how to find the information.
In critical service requests when our customers need an immediately response and resolution for their performance issue, we often run queries like you have below (besides other ones) to know the process that are currently running. In order to have a easy way to capture this information I developed this Powershell script that you could find here, running it you could have this information and save it to a file.
substring(REPLACE(REPLACE(SUBSTRING(ST.text, (req.statement_start_offset/2) + 1, (
(CASE statement_end_offset WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(ST.text) ELSE req.statement_end_offset END
- req.statement_start_offset)/2) + 1) , CHAR(10), ' '), CHAR(13), ' '), 1, 4000) AS statement_text
,req.database_id as database_id
,program_name as program_name
,req.session_id as session_id
, req.cpu_time as cpu_time_ms
, req.status as status
, wait_time as wait_time
, wait_resource as wait_resource
, wait_type as wait_type
, last_wait_type as last_wait_type
, req.total_elapsed_time as total_elapsed_time
, total_scheduled_time as total_scheduled_time
, req.row_count as [Row Count]
, command as command
, scheduler_id as scheduler_id
, memory_usage as memory_usage
, req.writes as writes
, req.reads as reads
, req.logical_reads as logical_reads
, blocking_session_id as blocking_session_id
, CASE blocking_session_id WHEN 0 THEN 'Noblocking' ELSE ( select t.text as BlockerQuery FROM sys.dm_exec_connections as connblocker cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(connblocker.most_recent_sql_handle) AS T where blocking_session_id=connblocker.session_id ) end AS BlockedQuery
, host_name as host_name
, host_process_id as host_process_id
, login_time as login_time
, client_net_address as client_net_adress
, TextPlan.query_plan as QueryPlan
FROM sys.dm_exec_requests AS req
INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections as Conn on req.session_id=Conn.session_id
inner join sys.dm_exec_sessions as sess on sess.session_id = req.session_id
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(req.sql_handle) as ST
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_text_query_plan(req.plan_handle,0,-1) as TextPlan
where req.session_id <> @@SPID
MainGoal of this PowerShell script.
Collect live data during a process execution every 5 seconds.
Obtain details about query text, wait time, execution plan, program name and other details.
Additionally, you could configure a filter to obtain only the queries that you have some specific interest, for example, high cpu, elapsed time or wait type.
This PowerShell script will continuously running until you press CTRL-C and it could be run in unattended mode. | <urn:uuid:913bf17d-047a-42ff-bebe-dfb8fff83821> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/azure-database-support-blog/lesson-learned-231-hands-on-labs-what-is-azure-sql-working-on/ba-p/3581046 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.872216 | 809 | 1.5 | 2 |
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INTRODUCTION TO SECOND SAMUEL 5
In this chapter we have an account of all the tribes of Israel coming to Hebron, and anointing David king over them, 2 Samuel 5:1; of his expedition against the Jebusites in Jerusalem, and taking from them the strong hold of Zion, 2 Samuel 5:6; of his building an house for himself, and of his building up his family, by taking more wives and concubines, and having more children, whose names are given, 2 Samuel 5:11; and of an invasion of the land by the Philistines, and David's victory over them, 2 Samuel 5:17.
Then came all the tribes of Israel to David unto Hebron,.... All the rest of the tribes, save the tribe of Judah, who had made him king over them in Hebron seven years ago. These were ambassadors sent in the name of the several tribes to him, quickly after the deaths of Abner and Ishbosheth; from having any hand in which David had sufficiently cleared himself, and which had tended to reconcile the minds of the people of Israel to him:
and spake, saying, we [are] thy bone and thy flesh; for though he was of the tribe of Judah, yet as all the tribes sprung from one man, they were all one bone, flesh, and blood; all nearly related to each other, all of the same general family of which David was; and so, according to their law, a fit person to be their king, Deuteronomy 16:18; and from whom they might expect clemency and tenderness, being so near akin to them.
Also in time past, when Saul was king over us,.... Even over all the tribes of Israel:
thou wast he that leddest out and broughtest in Israel; that led out the armies of Israel against their enemies, fought their battles for them, obtained victories, and brought the troops under his command home in safety; and the remembrance of these valiant acts of his, which then endeared him to the people, was now another reason for their choosing him king: and another follows, the chiefest of them all:
and the Lord said to thee; when anointed by Samuel; for though what follows is not recorded in so many words, yet the sense of it is expressed in the anointing him to be king, whose office, as such, lay in doing the following things:
thou shalt feed my people Israel; as a shepherd feeds his flock; hence kings were frequently called shepherds, and David particularly, in which he was an eminent type of Christ, see Psalms 78:71;
and thou shalt be a captain over Israel; the Targum is,
"and thou shalt be king over Israel;''
which gives the true sense of the tribes, and which was the chief and prevailing reason with them to make him their king; and which they, at least many of them, would have done before, even immediately upon the death of Saul, but that they were persuaded by Abner to yield obedience to Ishbosheth he set up.
So all the elders of Israel came to the king to Hebron,.... Which either explains what is meant by the tribes coming to him, 2 Samuel 5:1; namely, coming by their elders as their representatives; or else the meaning is, that the messengers the tribes sent, when they returned and reported the favourable reception they had met with from David; the elders of the several tribes, the princes or principal men met, and came together to David in Hebron:
and King David made a league with them before the Lord; the states of the nation; he entered into a covenant with them; he on his part promising to rule them in justice and judgment according to the laws, and they promising to yield a cheerful obedience to him in all things just and lawful: and this was done "before the Lord"; either before the ark of the Lord, as Abarbinel; but that was in Kirjathjearim, from whence it was after this brought by David to this city; rather, as Kimchi observes, wherever all Israel, or the greater part of them, were assembled, there the divine Shechinah or Majesty dwelt; so that what was done in a public assembly was reckoned as done before the Lord, and in his presence; or this covenant was made before the Lord, and each party appealed to him as witness of it, so that it was a very solemn one:
and they anointed David king over Israel; that is, over all Israel, which was the third time of his being anointed; the first was by Samuel, pointing out the person the Lord chose and appointed king; the second was by the tribe of Judah, when they invested him with the office of a king over them; and now by all the tribes, when he was inaugurated into the whole kingdom of Israel; and not only the elders came at this time, but great numbers of the people from the several tribes, and continued with David some days, eating, drinking and rejoicing, see 1 Chronicles 12:1.
David [was] thirty years old when he began reign,.... Over Judah, which was the age of his antitype Christ, when he entered upon his public ministry, Luke 3:23;
[and] he reigned forty years; and six months, as appears by 2 Samuel 5:5; but the months are not mentioned, only the round number of years given: two reasons the Jews a give for this; the one, that he fled six months from Absalom; the other is, that he was ill in Hebron so long, and therefore are not reckoned.
a Hieron. Trad. Heb. in lib. Reg. fol. 77. I.
In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months,.... So long the kingdom of Israel continued in the house of Saul after his death; and by this it appears that David was near thirty eight years of age when the elders of Israel came and made him their king:
and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years over all Israel and Judah; which in all made forty years and six months, see 1 Kings 2:11; upon his being made king over all the tribes, as soon as he had taken the strong hold of Zion, which he immediately attacked, as follows, he removed the seat of his kingdom from Hebron to Jerusalem.
And the king and his men went to Jerusalem,.... Which, at least part of it, belonged to the tribe of Benjamin; and therefore until all Israel, and that tribe, with the rest, made him king, he did not attempt the reduction of it, but now he immediately set out on an expedition against it:
unto the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land: who inhabited the country about it, and even dwelt in that itself; for the tribe of Judah could not drive them out at first from that part of it which belonged to them, nor the tribe of Benjamin from that part which was theirs; in short, they became so much masters of it, that it was called, even in later times, Jebus, and the city of the Jebusites; see Joshua 15:63 Judges 1:21;
which spake unto David; when he came up against them, and besieged them:
except thou take away the blind and lame, thou shalt not come in hither; which many understand of their idols and images, which had eyes, but saw not, and feet, but walked not, which therefore David and his men in derision called the blind and lame; these the Jebusites placed for the defence of their city, and put great confidence in them for the security of it, and therefore said to David, unless you can remove these, which you scornfully call the blind and the lame, you will never be able to take the place. And certain it is the Heathens had their tutelar gods for their cities as well as their houses, in which they greatly trusted for their safety; and therefore with the Romans, when they besieged a city, the first thing they attempted to do was by any means, as by songs particularly, to get the tutelar gods out of it b; believing otherwise it would never be taken by them; or if it could, it was not lawful to make the gods captives c: and to this sense most of the Jewish commentators agree, as Kimchi, Jarchi, Ben Gersom, and R. Isaiah, who take them to be images; some say, made of brass, which were placed either in the streets of the city, or on the towers: it was usual with all nations to place on their walls both their household and country gods, to defend them from the enemy d. A learned countryman of ours e is of opinion that these were statues or images talismanically made, under a certain constellation, by some skilful in astrology, placed in the recess of the fort, and intrusted with the keeping of it, and in which the utmost confidence was put: but it seems better with Aben Ezra and Abarbinel, and so Josephus f, to understand this of blind and lame men; and that the sense is, that the Jebusites had such an opinion of the strength of their city, that a few blind and lame men were sufficient to defend it against David and his army; and perhaps in contempt of him placed some invalids, blind and lame men, on the walls of it, and jeeringly told him, that unless he could remove them, he would never take the city:
thinking: or "saying" g; this was the substance of what they said, or what they meant by it:
David cannot come in hither; it is impossible for him to enter it, he cannot and shall not do it, and very probably these words were put into the mouths of the blind and lame, and they said them frequently.
b Vid. Valtrinum de re militar. Rom. l. 5. c. 5. c Vid. Macrob. Saturnal. l. 3. c. 9. Alex. ab Alex. Genial. Dier. l. 6. c. 4. d Cornel. Nepot. Vit. Themistocl. l. 2. c. 7. e Gregory's Notes and Observations, &c. ch. 7. f Antiqu. l. 7. c. 3. sect. 1. g לאמר "dicendo", Pagninus, Montanus.
Nevertheless, David took the strong hold of Zion,.... A fortress without the city, and separate from it, and which was very strong; and the taking it might facilitate the taking of the city, which yet as appears by what follows, was very difficult to do:
the same [is] the city of David; it was afterwards so called, where he built an house, and dwelt.
And David said on that day,.... On which he took the strong hold of Zion:
whosoever getteth up to the gutter; where it is generally supposed the blind and lame were, whether images or real men: but what is meant by "Tzinnur", we render "gutter", is not easy to say; we follow some of the Jewish writers, who take it to be a canal, or water spout, used to carry off the water from roofs of houses into cisterns, as the word is rendered in Psalms 42:7; which is the only place besides this in which it is used in Scripture; but R. Isaiah takes it to be the bar or bolt of the gate, and the sense to be, whoever got up to the gate, and got in at that, unbolting it, or breaking through it; the Targum interprets it of the tower of the city, or strong fortress, and so Abarbinel; but Jarchi says it was a ditch, agreeably to which Bochart h translates the words, and indeed more agreeably to the order of them;
"whosoever smites the Jebusites, let him cast into the ditch (next the wall) both the blind and the lame, extremely hated by David.''
But a learned modern writer i gives a more ingenious and probable interpretation of these words thus;
"whosoever (first) smiteth the Jebusites, and through the subterraneous passages reaches the lame and the blind, c.''
and which seems to be favoured by Josephus, as he observes who says k, the king promised the command of the whole army to him who should
δια των υποκειμενων φαραγγων, "through the subterraneous cavities", go up to the citadel, and take it: to which I would add that the word is used in the Chaldee paraphrase of Ecclesiastes 1:7, of the several subterraneous passages, through which the rivers flow out of and reflow into the ocean: remarkable is the note of Theodoret,
"a certain Hebrew says, Aquila renders it "through a pipe"; on which, he observes, David being willing to spare the walls of the city, ordered the citizens should enter into the city by an aqueduct;''
according to the Jews, there, was a cave underground, which reached from the king's house in Jerusalem to Jericho, when it was taken by Nebuchadnezzar; Ecclesiastes 1:7- :; in which story there may be a mixture of fable; yet it is not improbable that there was such a subterraneous passage; since Dio Cassius l speaks of several such, through which the Jews made their escape in the last siege of the city:
and smiteth the Jebusites, and the lame and the blind; or even the lame and the blind men the Jebusites had placed to mock David; and therefore it follows,
[that are] hated of David's soul: because he was despised and jeered at by them, and through them: if these could be understood of their idols and images, the phrase would be easily accounted for, nothing being more abominable to David than idolatry:
[he shall be chief and captain]; these words are not in the original text here, but are supplied from 1 Chronicles 11:6; that is, he shall be chief commander of the army, as Joab became, who was the first that went up and smote them:
wherefore they said, the blind and the lame shall not come into the house; that is, either the Jebusites said this, that their images, called in derision by David the blind and the lame, if these did not keep David out, they should never be intrusted with the safety of their fort any more m; or rather because the blind and the lame men said this of David, he shall not come into the house, the fort, or citadel, therefore David hated them; which is the sense of the above learned writer n.
h Phaleg. l. 4. c. 36. col. 304. i Dr. Kennicott's Dissert. 1. p. 35. k Ut supra. (Antiqu. l. 7. c. 3. sect. 1.) l Hist. l. 66. m Gregory, ut supra. (Notes and Observations, &c. ch. 7.) n Dr. Kennicott, ut supra. (Dissert. 1. p. 35.)
So David dwelt in the fort,.... The strong hold of Zion, which he took:
and called it the city of David; from his own name, to keep up the memory of his taking it, and of his habitation in it:
and David built round about, from Millo and inward; built a wall about it, and enlarged the place, increased the buildings both within and without. Millo is supposed to be a ditch round the fort, full of water, from whence it had its name; or was a large hollow place which divided the fort from the lower city, and which afterwards Solomon filled up, and made it a level, and therefore is called so here by anticipation; though Jarchi says it was done by David. According to Dr. Lightfoot o, it was a part or Sion, or some hillock, east up against it on the west side; his first sense is best, Millo being no other than the fortress or citadel; which, as Josephus says p, David joined to the lower city, and made them one body, and erecting walls about it made Joab superintendent of them; and this was the "round about", or circuit, which David made, reaching from Millo, or the citadel, to that again, which is meant by "inward", or "to the house" q, as it should be rendered; that is, to the house of Millo, as in 2 Kings 12:20; and so it is said 1 Chronicles 11:8; that David built the city "from Millo round about"; that is, to the same place from whence he began r.
o Works, vol. 2. Chorograph. Cent. c. 24. p. 25. p Antiqu. l. 7. c. 3. sect. 2. q וביתה "et ad domum". r See Dr. Kennicott, ut supra, (Dissert. 1.) p. 49, &c.
And David went on, and grew great,.... In honour and wealth, in fame and reputation, in subduing his enemies, obtaining conquests over them, and enlarging his dominions:
and the Lord God of hosts, of armies above and below,
[was] with him: to whom all his prosperity and success was owing. The Targum is,
"the Word of the Lord God of hosts was for his help,''
or his helper.
And Hiram king of Tyre,.... This was father of that Hiram that lived in the times of Solomon, whose name was Abibalus before he took the name of Hiram, which became a common name of the kings of Tyre; his former name may be seen in the ancient historians quoted by Josephus s; of the city of Tyre, :-; which was built one year before the destruction of Troy t. This king, on hearing of David's being acknowledged king by all Israel, and of his taking Jerusalem out of the hands of the Jebusites,
sent messengers to David; to congratulate him upon all this:
and cedar trees, and carpenters, and masons; these might not be sent at first, but David intending to build himself an house, might, by the messengers on their return, request of Hiram to send him timber and workmen for that purpose; the people of Israel being chiefly employed in cultivating their fields, and vineyards, and oliveyards, and feeding their flocks and herds, few of them had any skill in hewing: timber and stone, and building houses, at least not like the Tyrians and Sidonians; see 1 Kings 5:6; and accordingly he sent him cedars from Lebanon, a great part of which was in his dominions, and artificers in wood and stone, to build his house in the most elegant manner:
and they built David an house; to dwell in, a stately palace, called an house of cedar, 2 Samuel 7:2.
s Contr. Apion. l. 1. sect. 17, 18. t Justin e Trogo, l. 18. c. 3.
And David perceived that the Lord had established him king over Israel,.... By the prosperity and success which attended him in everything he set his hand to:
and that he had exalted his kingdom for his people Israel's sake; for their advantage and glory more than for his own.
And David took [him] more concubines and wives out of Jerusalem, after he was come from Hebron,.... He had six when he was at Hebron, 2 Samuel 3:2, and now he took more, which was not to his honour, and contrary to the law of God, Deuteronomy 17:17; the concubines were a sort of half wives, as the word may signify, or secondary ones, and under the others:
and there were yet sons and daughters born to David; besides those in Hebron mentioned in 2 Samuel 3:2.
And these [be] the names of those that were born unto him in Jerusalem,.... The names of his sons, for his daughters are not mentioned, and these seem to be such only that were born of his wives, see 1 Chronicles 3:9;
Shammua, and Shobab, and Nathan, and Solomon; these four were by Bathsheba; the first of these is called Shimea, 1 Chronicles 3:5.
Ibhar also, and Elishua, and Nepheg, and Japhia. Elishua is called Elishama, 1 Chronicles 3:6.
And Elishama, and Eliada, and Eliphalet. Seven more by some other wife or wives; nine are mentioned in 1 Chronicles 3:6; there being in that account two Eliphalets, and another called Nogah; which two, one of the Eliphalets, and Nogah, might die without sons, as Kimchi thinks, and so are not mentioned here.
But when the Philistines heard that they had anointed David king over Israel,.... That the civil war in the nation was now at an end, which they hoped would have issued in their destruction, and therefore lay still and quiet; but now being united under the government of David, and he hereby greatly strengthened and become powerful; and hearing also of his success against Jerusalem, and the friendship he had contracted with Hiram king of Tyre, they thought it was high time to bestir themselves, and put a stop to his power and greatness; and now it was, as Kimchi thinks, that David penned the second psalm, which begins, "why do the Heathen rage", c. Psalms 2:1,
all the Philistines came up to seek David: in order to fight him, all the five principalities of the Philistines combined together against him perhaps his old friend Achish king of Gath was now dead, or had now entertained a different opinion of him:
and David heard [of it]; that they had invaded his kingdom, and sought to fight him:
and went down to the hold; some fortified place or strong hold near Jerusalem, which lay lower than the city, or than the strong hold of Zion, in which David dwelt; hither he went, not so much for safety, or with an intention to abide there, but as a rendezvous for his men, and to prepare to meet the Philistines.
The Philistines also came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim. Or "of the giants", as Joshua 15:8; which lay to the west of Jerusalem; of which, Joshua 15:8- :; the Philistines spreading themselves in it, shows that they were very numerous.
And David inquired of the Lord,.... By Abiathar, and the Urim and Thummim, in the ephod he had on:
saying, shall I go up to the Philistines? who by this time were gone from the valley to an higher place, to Mount Perazim, as in Isaiah 28:21;
wilt thou deliver them into my hand? here two questions are put together, and an answer returned to both, contrary to a notion of the Jews, Isaiah 28:21- :;
and the Lord said to David, go up, for I will doubtless deliver the Philistines into thine hand; by which oracle he had both the mind of God that he should go up, and was assured of victory.
And David came to Baalperazim,.... As it was after called, for here it has its name by anticipation, and whither the Philistines were come from the valley of Rephaim; see 1 Chronicles 14:11; which was at no great distance, the one being the hill, to which the other was the valley, computed to be about three miles from Jerusalem, in the way to Bethlehem u, between which places were two hours' travels w:
and David smote them there; there a battle was fought, in which David had the victory assured him:
and said, the Lord hath broken forth upon mine enemies before me, as the breach of waters; as when waters, through their mighty force, break down the banks of rivers, and carry all before them; or as one breaks an earthen vessel full of water, so the Targum on 1 Chronicles 14:11.
therefore he called the name of the place Baalperazim; which signifies "the master of breaches", where the Philistines were broke in upon, and broken to pieces, of which God was the author, and which gave David the mastery over his enemies; the Targum renders it "the plain of breaches", and seems to take it to be the same with the valley of Rephaim; see 2 Samuel 5:22.
u Bunting's Travels, &c. p. 138. w Maundrell's Journey from Aleppo, &c. p. 87. ed. 7.
And they left their images,.... Their idol gods, which they brought with them to protect and defend them, and give them success; perhaps in imitation of the Israelites, who formerly brought the ark of God into their camp against the Philistines, 1 Samuel 4:3; and it appears to have been the custom of other countries, in later times, to bring their gods with them to battle x:
and David and his men burnt them: that is, his men burnt them at his command, 1 Chronicles 14:12; agreeably to the law of God, that so no profit might be made of them, Deuteronomy 7:5; the Septuagint and Vulgate Latin versions, and others, render it, "and took them", or "carried them away" y; as they might do, and, after they had exposed them in triumph, then burnt them.
x "Omnigenumque Deum", c. Virgil. Aeneid. l. 8. y וישאם και ελαβοσαν αυτους, Sept. "tulit", V. L. Tigurine version, Montanus "sustulit", Junius & Tremellius, Piscator.
And the Philistines came up yet again,.... And, as Josephus says z, with an army three times larger than the former:
and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim; in the same place where they were before, 2 Samuel 5:20.
z Antiqu. l. 7. c. 4. sect. 1.
And when David inquired of the Lord,.... For though he had success before, and got the victory, he would not engage again with them without having the mind and will of God, on whom he knew victory alone depended:
he said, thou shalt not go up; that is, directly, and in a straight line:
[but] fetch a compass behind them; and get to the rear of them, instead of falling upon them in the front:
and come upon them over against the mulberry trees: which grew in the valley of Rephaim, and near where the Philistines had pitched.
And let it be, when thou hearest the sound of a going in the tops of the mulberry trees,.... Of a going of the wind on the tops of these trees, making a rustling upon them, and that in such a manner as to resemble the going of men, or march of armies, as if they were moving in the air over the tops of the mulberry trees; which Jarchi and R. Isaiah interpret of angels being sent of God, and moving at that time to help David, and destroy the Philistines; so the Targum on
1 Chronicles 14:15. These trees being in Judea account for silk there, Ezekiel 16:10; though some think time was not known so early; others suppose it was, and to be the Hebrew byssus mentioned by Pausanias a, as being of a yellow colour:
that then thou shall bestir thyself; or move towards the camp of the Philistines, and fall upon them in the rear, who, by reason of the sound in the trees, would not hear the motion of the Israelites; or, if they heard it, would take it to be no other than the motion of the trees they heard, both sounds being confounded together; or they would take the sound they heard for the motion of the enemy in the front, and give way, and so fall into the hands of the Israelites in their rear, which must throw them into the utmost confusion and consternation:
for then shall the Lord go out before thee to smite the host of the Philistines: by an angel or angels; so the Targum,
"for then shall go forth the angel of the Lord, to make thee prosperous to slay in the camp of the Philistines;''
that being the precise time for the salvation of Israel, and the destruction of the Philistines, and the token of it.
a Eliac. sive, l. 5. p. 294.
And David did so as the Lord commanded him,.... In all things he was obedient to the command of God; Saul was not: he got behind the army of the Philistines, as he was directed; and when he heard the sound in the mulberry trees, he arose and fell upon his enemies:
and smote the Philistines from Geba until thou come to Gazer; or from Gibeon, as in 1 Chronicles 14:16; a city in the tribe of Benjamin, near to which this battle was fought, and where the pursuit began, which was carried as far as Gazer, a city that lay on the borders of the Philistines, as Josephus says b; and so far they were pursued, and were smitten as they fled; and, according to Bunting c, it was a space of eighteen miles.
b Antiqu. l. 7. c. 4. sect. 1. c Travels, &c. p. 138.
The New John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible Modernised and adapted for the computer by Larry Pierce of Online Bible. All Rights Reserved, Larry Pierce, Winterbourne, Ontario.
A printed copy of this work can be ordered from: The Baptist Standard Bearer, 1 Iron Oaks Dr, Paris, AR, 72855
Gill, John. "Commentary on 2 Samuel 5". "Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible". https://studylight.org/
the Week of Proper 15 / Ordinary 20 | <urn:uuid:cf6dcb26-726d-4c37-a00a-5de38fd94918> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://studylight.org/commentaries/eng/geb/2-samuel-5.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.982054 | 6,593 | 2.90625 | 3 |
What is a subchorionic hematoma or subchorionic clot? The “bag of waters” within the uterus is composed of two layers, called the chorion and the amnion. The inner layer, closer to the baby, is the amnion. The outer layer, which is normally against the uterine wall, is the chorion. The term “subchorionic clot” or “subchorionic hematoma” describes a blood clot between the bag of waters and the uterus.
How does a subchorionic hematoma look on ultrasound? We see subchorionic hematomas or suspect subchorionic clots in perhaps 1% of pregnancies in the between 13 and 22 weeks. Most of these occur in women who have had vaginal bleeding. These must be distinguished from regions of nonfusion of the membranes to the wall of the uterus, which are very common prior to 16 weeks gestation. Findings which suggest a bleed or hematoma rather than membrane separation include irregular texture to the material seen beneath the membranes, a speckled rather than uniform appearance to the amniotic fluid.
The image at left shows a crescent shaped subchorionic clot, indicated by the arrows. The image at right shows a larger, rounded subchorionic clot. Both women had experienced bleeding episodes during the prior week, and had passed blood clots. On rare occasions, we will be able to see the source of the bleeding beneath the membranes. Usually, we cannot.
This image is of a region of nonfusion of the membranes, also called chorioamniotic separation. The space between the membranes and uterine wall contains only fluid, and on scan the membranes can be seen to move. Images like this are not suggestive of blood beneath the membranes.
What causes subchorionic hematomas or subchorionic clots? Usually, we cannot identify any cause for a subchorionic clot. On rare occasions, there will be an underlying cause, such as a maternal coagulation disturbance, history of trauma, severe maternal hypertension or early-onset preeclampsia, or maternal abuse of vasoactive drugs such as cocaine or amphetamines. There is also a case report of a large subchorionic hematoma occurring after thrombolytic therapy during pregnancy.
What problems can subchorionic hematomas or subchorinic clots cause? Subchorionic bleeds do increase the chance pregnancy complications, particularly miscarriage and preterm delivery. Sharma and colleagues described 129 pregnancies with a suspected subchorinic clot; 5.4% were lost before 24 weeks’ gestation and 18.6% of those progressing beyond 24 weeks went on to preterm delivery. The preterm delivery rate among those who experienced bleeding was 26.6%. In both Pearlstone’s and Sharma’s reviews, there was an attempt made to relate the size or appearance of the subchorionic bleed to specific pregnancy outcomes. The results do not provide us with sufficient information to make predictions for any individual case.
Are there medications that can make a clot heal up? Many subchorionic hematomas will slowly dissolve without treatment, just as a bruise under the skin dissolves. When the occurs, Mother may experience dark red or brown vaginal discharge. Unfortunately, there are not any medications which can aid in the healing of the clot, and while we can treat some of the problems that can occur after a subchorionic clot or hematoma develops, such as preterm contractions, we cannot predict whether these treatments will, or will not, result in a successful pregnancy outcome.
What might happen if the baby is born early? Women who have a large subchorionic clotor subchorionic hematoma diagnosed prior to 22 weeks’ gestation must consider the potential consequences of a decision to go forward with the pregnancy. They must accept the possibility that they will go on to a very premature birth, and that a surviving infant may not be neurologically or physically normal. For example, at 24 weeks’ gestation, the overall survival rate in our Newborn ICU is over 50%, but there is a high rate of long-term neurologic or physical disabilities. Additionally, there is a possibility of fetal growth problems prompting early delivery, again with potential for adverse neurologic and/or physical outcomes.
What are the medical recommendations after a subchorionic clot is seen? When a subchorionic bleed is suspected prior to 20 weeks’ gestation, we recommend reduced activity, recommend against any travel, and instruct mom to go to hospital should vaginal bleeding, cramps or contractions occur. As the pregnancy progresses, recommendations may include:
- RhoGam, if Mother is Rh negative .
- Maternal education regarding signs and symptoms of preterm labor.
- Sonograms to assess fetal growth, usually about once a month, but sometimes more often, based on the appearance and size of the suspected bleed, and other maternal factors.
- Preterm labor treatment if contractions occur after 20-22 weeks.
- Hospitalization, especially if bleeding occurs after 24 weeks.
Where can I learn more about subchorionic hematomas? The two best articles which we have found in the literature regarding subchorionic hematomas or subchorionic bleeds are:
Pearlstone, M., and Baxi, L.: Subchorionic Hematoma A Review. Obstetrical & Gynecologic Survey 1993;48:65-68 and
Sharma, G., Kalish, R., and Chasen, S.: Prognostic Factors Associated with Antenatal Subchorionic Echolucencies. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 2003; 1989:994-6.
Maternal Fetal Medicine is a constantly changing field. The information given here may not be current. Please check with one of the Maternal Fetal Medicine Specialists for up to date information. Questions and comments are welcome. Please address these to: Val Catanzarite, MD, PhD. San Diego Perinatal Center, 7910 Frost Street, Suite 300, San Diego, CA 92123 | <urn:uuid:0e5ff9d9-f7a5-4fbb-aeb7-da11a47c3223> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sandiegoperinatal.com/patient-education/pregnancy-complications/subchorionic-hematoma/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.913457 | 1,295 | 3.46875 | 3 |
I am of the opinion that Donald Trump’s entire existence in office has been geared towards reinforcing white nationalism and white supremacy. Even his incessant pandering for Black comradery has been all about gaining the Black vote, converting Black people to social and political conservatism and, ultimately, proving the non-existence of systemic racism in America.
After all his mini-dick-energy blustering about banning the social media platform Tik Tok from America, the Tropicana-neo-Nazi-in-chief announced Saturday that he has approved a deal that changes things.
The Commerce Department confirmed in a statement Saturday evening that it would delay — by one week — restrictions that were originally to take effect on Sunday.
ByteDance will continue to be majority owner of TikTok under the agreement Trump said he approved, according to a person familiar with the matter.
Speaking to reporters, Trump said he approved the deal “in concept.”
“I have given the deal my blessing,” Trump said. “If they get it done, that’s great. If they don’t, that’s okay, too.”
The deal will also include Wal-Mart (WMT), Trump said, adding that “the security will be 100 percent. They’ll be using separate clouds and very, very powerful security.”
Trump said the deal will also include a $5 billion fund for US education, though he did not say which companies would be making the payment. Trump had previously expressed a desire for the companies to make a payment to the US Treasury, but was surprised when he was told such an arrangement would be illegal.
That last part is crucial.
On Friday, The Root reported that the president of crippling white fragility announced his “All Lives Matter” response to the New York Times’ Pulitzer-Prize winning collection of Black-centered American history The 1619 Project—which he has repeatedly denounced as an inaccurate depiction of U.S. history that
gets white people all in their brittle-ass feelings depicts America in a negative way. So he decided to promote the “1776 Commission.”
Forget the fact that there is not an institution of K-12 education in the country that has not taught the living fuck out the history of America gaining its independence. Let’s talk about the fact that a Black woman journalist—Nikole Hannah-Jones—decided to direct a rare teaching of history that centers the institution of slavery and the contributions of Black Americans. Let’s talk about how that project gained popularity and notoriety and the white man in the highest office in the nation got so enormously butthurt about it that he is using his (white) power as president to counter it.
In fact, y’all’s rust-colored commander with the sentient toupee is so hellbent on teaching the skewed version of American history that has always been taught, that he appears to want the Tik Tok deal to help facilitate it.
As part of the arrangement, Trump told reporters at the White House the companies agreed to contribute $5 billion to an education foundation.
Later, during a campaign rally in Fayetteville, North Carolina, Trump said “we’re going to be setting up a very large fund for the education of American youth.”
He told his rally audience that in conversation with leaders of the companies, he said “do me a favor, could you put up $5 billion into a fund for education, so we can educate people as to real history of our country — the real history, not the fake history.”
It’s bad enough that we have a president that reflects and feeds conservative America’s pathological need to express jingoism at all times, but the way this administration uses all its might to reinforce whiteness as the default for all things American is why so many of us are hoping to see his ass voted out of office in November. | <urn:uuid:61247e97-0685-44b0-ae84-2f4b26ea7ad2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theroot.com/trump-wants-to-include-funding-for-his-white-history-cu-1845122148 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965757 | 838 | 1.601563 | 2 |
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Physical activity in pregnancy is associated with decreased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. However, the relationship between physical activity during pregnancy and subsequent labor outcomes is unknown. Since labor is a physically arduous process, we tested the hypothesis that increased physical activity in pregnancy is protective against adverse labor outcomes.
This is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study in which pregnant patients were administered the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey (KPAS) in each trimester. The primary outcome for this analysis was duration of the 2nd stage of labor. Secondary outcomes were duration of active stage, prolonged 1st and 2nd stage, mode of delivery, rates of 2nd stage cesarean section, operative vaginal delivery, severe perineal lacerations and postpartum hemorrhage. These outcomes were compared between patients with and without high physical activity levels, defined as overall KPAS score ≥75th percentile in the 3rd trimester. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for obesity.
There were 811 patients with a complete KPAS included in this analysis. The median KPAS score was 9.5 (8.2, 10.8). 203 patients (25%) had high physical activity levels in pregnancy. There was no difference in the duration of 2nd stage of labor between patients with and without high physical activity levels (0.97 ± 2.08 vs 1.29 ± 2.94 hours, p=0.15). The duration of active labor was significantly shorter in patients with increased physical activity (7.43 ± 6.29 vs 5.77 ± 4.97 hours, p=0.01). Patients with high physical activity levels were significantly less likely to have a prolonged 1st stage (9.8% vs 19.4%, p<0.01, RR 0.51 [95% CI 0.32, 0.79]). Rates of prolonged 2nd stage, cesarean section, operative vaginal deliveries and perineal lacerations were similar between groups.
Patients that are physically active in pregnancy may have a shorter duration of active labor. Further research should investigate the impact of initiatives to increase physical activity in pregnancy on labor. | <urn:uuid:fadc0548-0a40-4ea4-9185-722af9b3d37c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378(20)31385-5/fulltext | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963127 | 522 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Children’s Church (Sunday School, Religious Education, or RE)
Known by many names, the Unitarian Universalist approach to RE is life-long.
UUs are famous for our varied curricula designed to help folks think for themselves as opposed to being told what to think.
Our 2015-2016 Program featured with a week-long summer vacation school, and then continued in the Fall. Thanks to a generous grant from NYSCU (New York State Convention of Universalist) we were able to offer a program free of tuition
Courtesy of the artist,
Jennie Freiberger, the Administrator for Miami Valley UU Fellowship in Dayton, Ohio.
Retrieved from: https://www.uua.org/worship/words/image/uu-coloring-page 3/2/2018
Youth RE. Classes at Pullman Memorial Universalist Church benefit from its smaller size They are somewhat akin to a one-room schoolhouse. Older children interact with younger ones – and mentoring relationships between them may develop that can span transitions from child to teen to young adult!
Children’s Church: Members of the church take turns leading the children’s RE classes. Our main RE room is filled with stimulating materials which include art supplies, books, chalkboard, music, and more. We believe hands-on activities can teach more, and have longer-lasting effects, than lessons simply read from a handbook.
Adult Religious Education at PMUC also takes a variety of forms. Being open to thinking about subjects from other perspectives is key to growing one’s own set of beliefs, and our RE programs for adults build upon what we’ve already learned to enhance our understanding of life.
And, of course, children and youth are invited to attend “adult” RE programs when appropriate.
Overall, we strive to be as inter-generational as we can. We view our members as coming together to form an “extended family” and we want all ages to be in relationship.
We like to have children in our worship services for at least part of the time, and ministers usually have a story to share with them before they go off to Sunday school.
Our pot-luck suppers are enriched by kids and adults “breaking bread” together.
The goal at Pullman Memorial is one of creating an environment where all are honored, respected, and loved – not in spite of one’s age, but because of it. | <urn:uuid:ef3e06b1-7387-4448-aa99-8f39e05d040d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pullmanmemorial.org/religious-education/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.961646 | 519 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Training and Professional Activity
- Degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics from Ramon LLull University
- Senior Technician in Dietetics and Nutrition for the I.F.P Sanitaria Roger de Lluria
- Educator in Childhood Obesity for the program Nens en Moviment
- Specialization in Diabetological Education by the Iberoamerican University Foundation
- Sports Nutrition Course by the Spanish Association of Dietitians and Nutritionists
- Preparation of school menus and advice on nutrition education in different schools.
- Member of the Spanish Academy of Dietetics and Nutrition.
- Member of the Association of Dietitians-Nutritionists of Catalonia (CoDiNuCat) | <urn:uuid:27113f7b-b949-4240-aa11-3d87d1640bbb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cpen.cat/en/members/sonia-march-ba/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.848146 | 143 | 1.570313 | 2 |
E-cigarettes have 10 times carcinogens: Japan researchers 27 ноября 2014, 14:14
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E-cigarettes contain up to 10 times the amount of cancer-causing agents as regular tobacco, Japanese scientists said Thursday, the latest blow to an invention once heralded as less harmful than smoking, AFP reports.
A team of researchers commissioned by Japan's Health Ministry studied the vapour produced by e-cigarettes for signs of carcinogens, a media report said.
The electronic devices -- increasingly popular around the world, particularly among young people -- function by heating flavoured liquid, which often contains nicotine, into a vapour that is inhaled, much like traditional cigarettes, but without the smoke.
Researchers found carcinogens such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in vapour produced by several types of e-cigarette liquid, TBS television reported.
Formaldehyde -- a substance found in building materials and embalming fluids -- was present at levels 10 times those found in the smoke from regular cigarettes, TBS said.
Researcher Naoki Kunugita and his team at the National Institute of Public Health submitted their report to the ministry on Thursday, the broadcaster said.
Neither the scientist nor anyone from the health ministry were immediately available to confirm the report.
In common with many jurisdictions, Japan does not regulate e-cigarettes, which can be bought easily on the Internet. However, unlike in some Western countries, they are not readily available in shops.
In August, the World Health Organization called on governments to ban the sale of e-cigarettes to minors, warning they pose a "serious threat" to unborn babies and young people.
The UN health body also said they should be banned from indoor public spaces. | <urn:uuid:2bab1f8b-4486-454d-9ba2-2a15a958faba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.tengrinews.kz/health/e-cigarettes-have-10-times-carcinogens-japan-researchers-257688/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.936478 | 407 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Free Printable 9×9 Sudoku Puzzles – Sudoku is a well recognized Japanese puzzle that is currently readily available in different stores all over the globe. In lots of short articles, (again, simply as well much to place in one article), will certainly tell you how to play Sudoku, a tough kind of puzzle.
To do solve Sudoku puzzles, a player has to identify the pattern from which these 9 cells are prepared. It can also be a partial circle, square formulas or any other Sudoku plans.
For every Sudoku puzzles video game, the very first point a gamer does is to select a difficulty level. Lots of websites provide help submit for each video game, and these are good resources for Sudoku puzzle fixing methods and ideas.
If you need to know how to fix Sudoku puzzles, the initial pointer is to play the game on very easy. The reason is that a great deal of sophisticated actions and calculations are needed to address the puzzle without dishonesty. If you are not going to utilize it, there is no factor in learning exactly how to address puzzles. This is not the site for you if you want to invest hrs attempting to solve difficult puzzles.
The second pointer for learning how to play Sudoku puzzles is to play the games in the original pattern. Even if you have actually fixed it in another pattern, it is still more fun to address a resolved puzzle in its initial kind. When you play Sudoku online, there is no requirement to try to solve a puzzle using algorithms, because this is practically difficult to do.
Lastly, fix Sudoku puzzles in the initial Japanese design. Sudoku is primarily a Japanese puzzle, but actually, the Japanese lay even more emphasis on pattern and setup than real reasoning. It is important to find out how to solve Sudoku puzzles in its conventional kind. Keep in mind, the grids of the puzzle are based on Japanese patterns, and the numbers you see in the puzzle columns are Japanese letters that match with the numbers you see in the puzzle rows. | <urn:uuid:3ad8db9e-e479-4ad3-bfef-ff84145ab378> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sudokupuzzlesprintable.com/free-printable-9x9-sudoku-puzzles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.958481 | 411 | 2.78125 | 3 |
The most important and excited day of a person’s life is his or her wedding day and the same day is also very important for other people too such as their parents, friends and relatives. A wedding is a social occasion which only completes when all the persons that matter in your life are invited in the ceremony to share the joyful moments with you. In a wedding it’s not just about the incoming guests, but there are a number of others factors too that matter a lot such as wedding dresses, flower decorations, centre pieces, cake, wine and food items. In a wedding there are some other functions that you invite guests too such as bridal shower, mehndi or walima which require different kinds of arrangements like in bridal shower, you only invite females and every function has different kind of arrangements too. The amount of work in a wedding ceremony is so big that no matter how much you want to remember, you will always forget something. This is why you have to keep a track of everything you do or buy.
Here is preview of this Free Sample Wedding Checklist created using MS Excel,
In order to remember each and every detail in a wedding, you need to arrange for a wedding checklist. This is like a to-do-list in which you enlist the important things or stuff to do and when you finish that thing or arrange for that item, you put a check mark on that item for the later. There are many methods to create a checklist such as you can make it in MS word, excel or by hand on a simple paper. You can either create a joint list in which you put all the necessary items or tasks for every function or you can make separate checklists for each function or item types. For example if you want to make a checklist for food items for all the functions, this is a joint food items checklist. This list helps you to arrange for every item or task one by one according to their priorities. There are many websites that facilitate the visitors with the readymade checklists in which you just have to pick the items and enter the number of guests you have invited along with the money you have in your hand for the wedding, and the website automatically provides a checklist according to your needs and financial conditions.
A wedding checklist is like the most important item in a wedding which tells you what to buy and when to buy. This way you make sure that you have only planned for the most necessary items or tasks and there is nothing irrelevant in the shopping. This checklist helps a lot when you have to plan the wedding in lower budget or lesser finances and it’s very important to only buy the essential items. You can make this list anytime before the wedding i.e. one week or even three months. This checklist also takes a lot from you head too as with this list, you don’t have to try so hard to remember everything or each item. Also it’s very possible that you will buy something that you have already bought because you can’t remember everything. With the help of this checklist, you put a check mark whenever you buy an item or some services.
Tips to create a wedding checklist:
- Before starting the actual planning, you need to pick a wedding date. You can choose a date in your favorite month or in your favorite season like winter or autumn.
- Check for the money you have in your hand for the wedding and then set a wedding budget limit. This will help you to create a checklist which will allow you to buy only the important stuff.
- You should divide your budget into several parts in order to allocate finances for each function or event.
- You can also make more than one checklists in order to make different persons responsible for each function or event in your family for example you ask you brother to look for the rehearsal dinner or nominate your sister for the bridal shower. This way each one has different tasks with separate checklists.
- Put the number of guests you want to invite for each event and if those numbers are different, it’s not uncommon.
- Always put the quantity of each item on the checklist so that you have an exact idea about what to buy and how much to buy.
Here is download link for this Wedding Checklist,
Whenever you go to a grocery store or a bakery to buy some food items, the first thing you want to find out is the available items and products to see if the store has what you are looking for and their prices so you can calculate which item you want to buy now and which you will buy in the next visit. To do so, you either ask a salesman or the person behind the counter or you just look for a price list. A food price list is a widely implemented document which contains all the information about the available food items in a place along with their prices. You can find such lists in superstores, shopping malls and bakeries. Sometimes the shopkeepers hang these lists outside the shop and sometimes you need to ask for one.
It’s an obvious thing that each food shop or bakery has its own foods and eating methods so there is no way to define the exact elements of a food price list. Many shops and bakeries use list form to put the food names on the price list where others put same kind of foods in separate categories. But usually a food price list contains the following elements such as:
- Name and logo on the shop or company
- Street and contact address
- Names of food along with their prices
- Special discount conditions and requirements
- Timing of the shop and closing hours
- Weekly special food items and their prices too
Benefits of a Food Price List:
The first and most important benefit of making a food price list in your bakery, café or the restaurant is that now you don’t have to waste your time with the customers while talking about the available food items and their prices. When you hang a price list above the counter or outside the shop on a window, you obviously put the names of available foods and their prices so now people don’t need to stand in a line for 20 minutes and then find out that the muffin they are looking for is not available here or it’s available only on weekends. People can also save their time by choosing the food they want to eat and count for the money and keep it in their hands so the counter person inside the shop doesn’t need to wait for them to take out and count the money.
Here is preview of this Food Price List Template,
Here are some Guidelines to create a Food Price List:
- Start by putting your company’s, shop’s or bakery’s name on the top of the list followed by the street address and the contact numbers.
- As you have already decided whether you want to print on both sides of the paper or only one side, so arrange the items as per requirements.
- You can use either way to enlist the food items on the list such as list view or categorized view.
- Put the price of each food in front of its name either in Dollars or Rupees.
- Any special notes such as if you accept credit card or not and what’s the weekly specials are, will go at the bottom of the list.
- If you are offering any type of discount, put that in the bottom too.
Here is download link of this Food Price List Template,
You have a big project coming up for your school or for your college and you need to ace it to get the best grade. You are worried and extremely stressed out about what to do and how to do it. You are worrying day in and day out and cannot make yourself to get organized and assemble all the things that you need to achieve in order to get your project on the right track. Sleepless nights are encountered and you are on the brink of losing it. Don’t worry. Take a deep breath and make a project ‘to do list’. By preparing a “Project To Do List” you will be focusing your energy on your project and will be more focused on what you need to do, what you need, how will you complete your project and when will it be completed. Here is a useful link for you to download several free Excel Templates created using Blue Theme online.
The first step in making a ‘project to do list’ is to think and understand your project. You need to plan when making your ‘project to do list’ and need to understand what exactly it is that you need to achieve. Make a list accordingly and start off with the basic things such as the resources, the material and etc. then move on to more advanced stuff such as assembly and report writing. Since the ‘project to do list’ will be made some time before the actual day, there should be a mention of dates and time in the most organized and proper way ever. Always keep some space along with each task for some kind of notes or reminder that you may want to note down at that moment or in a day or two. If you’re drafting up the ‘project to do list’ by hand then make use of various colored pens to differentiate between the most urgent tasks and tasks that aren’t that urgent. But if you’re making the ‘project to do list’ on your hand held device or your smart phone, then make use of various colored fonts or highlight and bold the important and urgent tasks. You can also set reminders in your ‘project to do list’ on your smart phone as well! Using technology is much more efficient and time saving but it depends on what is more comfortable for you. Just remember the main focus, to stay organized when making the ‘project to do list’, to maintain objectivity and to ensure that focus is maintained and sustained. Make sure you always leave some space for tick marking the task upon achievement. Never ever scratch off an item of the list or do it in a rough manner. Although it does provide the necessary satisfaction, it would just give the whole list a messy and disorganized look. You can even add some pictures to give it a more formal look to get you in the mood to complete those tasks! Remember, your ‘project to do list’ will be your guide for the months to come, make it wisely!
Here is preview of a Free Project To Do List Template created using MS Excel,
Monthly shopping list is very important in nearly all the households. Women of the house starts working on their list as soon as the month approaches to its end. They are also very keen on this listing as a complete monthly shopping list means a lot to those who have to keep their refrigerators and kitchen full with everything which their family needs on daily bases. But no matter how efficient women are in making this shopping list but at the end there is something left behind in the super store and one has to go back in order to buy the things which are left because they were missing from the list. In the current era when everyone is busy and running fast on the tracks of their life, it is very difficult to go back each time to buy the things which were forgotten to be listed down on the monthly shopping list. Therefore whoever has the responsibility of making this list should be very well aware of the steps to make it in a way that every thing is covered and after one shopping trip there is no need left to go there again.
First of all it is very important to focus on the areas of your home which need items because most of the time women centre their attention to the kitchen items and when the husband has a hammer in hand and need a nail to put a picture frame on wall then there is no nail in the house. In this case it is rightful for the husband to get frustrated. When he is paying for the long list of groceries then its just ridiculous that he is unable to get a penny worth nail in time. So pay attention to not only the kitchen, but visit each area and see if anything is needed besides kitchen items such as garden accessories, tools box items, fuel and oil for the power equipment, toiletries etc.
The next thing is to keep an eye on budget. While making your monthly shopping list, keep in mind that your goal must be to keep your expanses under the budget. With a smart move you can achieve this task. Put the prices against each of the item included in your list. When you have finalized it, see if the total is running over the budget. If it is then cut down the things which can wait till the next month. For instance, if you have included the fuel and oil for generator in the list then see if there are any chances of serious electricity shutdown or if you are planning to take a camping trip with the generator. If no then you can cut it down from the shopping list and can save it for the next month.
Making a complete and all inclusive shopping list can save lots of your time, money and energy so you can use them for some other constructive work. Therefore, don’t take it lightly and work on your shopping list with great care for a hassle free month.
Here is download link for the above mentioned Monthly Shopping List Template,
Grocery items are important part of our daily life therefore you have to visit grocery stores on frequent basis to have all important grocery goods in your pantry. It is not easy to shop from grocery store because variety and abundance of commodities can make you confuse and you often forget to take important grocery items. If you want to make your visit to grocery store more useful then it is important to prepare a grocery to do list that will help you to save your time and money. You will shop in more organized way with the help of grocery list without forgetting anything. Grocery list should be prepared after considering your budget to avoid too much spending on the grocery store.
Benefits of Grocery List
Despite saving your money and time, grocery list has lots of benefits that you can enjoy and following are some potential benefits of grocery list:
- Grocery list will help you to save your money by reducing the amount of unplanned purchases and you will surely buy what you want without wasting your time on useless products.
- Grocery list is usually designed after considering things already available in your pantry and refrigerator. It will help you to avoid those perishable food items like bread, dairy, fruits and vegetables that you already have.
- It is a better way to include more healthy food items in the grocery list like carrots, broccoli and skim milk instead of ice cream, sweets, chocolate bar and sandwiches. You can analyze your health problems before including any items in grocery list.
- By creating grocery list, you can categorize each item and will spend less time in wandering for the selection and search of items. It will help you to pick only essential items instead of taking extra one.
Here is preview of a Free Grocery List Template created using MS Excel,
Tips to Design Grocery List
It is essential to design grocery list before going to shop and following tips will help you to design an effective grocery list without any trouble:
- Check for sales and discounts at grocery stores to save some money and for this purpose you can get regular subscription of circulars that are designed by grocery stores to advertise about sales item for the week. It will help you to save some money by shopping on discount.
- You have to consider the preferences of your family members while designing grocery list and this can be done by preparing a menu. Include healthy food combinations in the menu and include grocery items in the grocery list for convenient shopping.
- Do not forget to include generic items in the grocery list such as tomato sauce, chili sauce, regular spices and different other items that are regularly used for the cooking. It will be important to consider health of all family members while designing grocery list.
- You have to consider different festivals like birthdays, Christmas, Easter etc. It is important to have all required ingredients in advance to prepare healthy party meal at your own place.
Here is download link for this Grocery List Template,
Once the wedding date is fixed and you have sent out the invitations, it’s time for you to start receiving the gifts from your relatives and family members. It’s a good thing to send the gift a week or month before the wedding to the happy couple. A few years back, the gifts were sent to the bride’s family but now most couples decide to receive the gifts together on a single address which they have to mention in the invitation letter. The gifts will come from different sources and sometimes, you will collect them from different places too and it can be a tough task for the couple to keep a track of every gift. This includes the sender’s name and the date you received it. If you want to make sure that all of your guests receive a thank you note, you have to keep a track of every gift you receive. This way you will also remember the guests to whom you have already sent a thank you note.
Information you should write down on a paper regarding every incoming gift that will help you in the tracking process. The details such as:
- The sender’s name
- His or her mailing address
- A small description of the gift they sent
- Date when you received the gift
- The information about the purchasing of the gift i.e. buyer’s name and store’s information
- Name of the shipment or cargo company
- A little something that you thought when you saw the gift. This will help you to write a thank you note
- The date when you mailed the thank you card.
Here is preview preview of a Free Wedding Gift List Template created using MS Excel,
A few important methods for gift tracking:
1. Microsoft wedding gift tracker:
This program is introduced by Microsoft and it’s like the first choice of most of the brides. The great thing with this software is that it’s very easy to operate and you need just a single click to update it. Someone with a basic knowledge of computer can operate it very well. You just have to build a habit of going straight to the computer every time you receive a gift from a person you have invited to the wedding. This way you will create a list that you can check and update as many times as you want. You should always email a copy of this document to yourself every time you update something just to make sure that in case your computer crashes, you have a backup.
Many people also prefer to use a Google spreadsheet or an Excel spreadsheet whenever they want to keep a track of their incoming gifts. Females who already have tried the spreadsheet for their gift tracking process, recommend this program to others because of its compatibility and availability. The biggest advantage of this software is that you don’t have to be online every time you want update the tracker list. This is a desktop base program which you can operate even on you cell phone. You just have to put information in the appropriate box and you got yourself an amazing gift tracker without any extra cost.
Handmade list home by yourself:
People who are creative enough or always try new things, usually create a gift tracker list at home using just a pen and paper. This way they can be surer about the tracker they want according to the available information about the gifts. This tracker is also very easy to update and you don’t any computer or a digital device every time you want to put something new in the list.
Here is download link for this Wedding Gift List Template,
Those of you, who bought a house or a vehicle on a mortgage or loan, know this term “Extra payment” very well and those who don’t know what the heck is an extra payment, here’s some explanation. When you get a mortgage, you agree to pay it back to the bank or loan firm in installments monthly or annually. With an additional amount in form of interest rate, you pay off the principal amount in several years but there is a way you can make this process short or quick. Every year if you arrange some money and pay an extra installment to the bank, it will decrease the installments and the time span and save you a lot of money because with fewer installments, you will save the additional amount of interest rate. It’s a fact that we have to give all the money back to bank that we borrowed but if you pay some extra payments, you will be mortgage free a few years sooner. This extra payment is not due on you and even if you don’t pay the extra installment on time, the bank won’t ask you or demand the money from you because by these extra payments, you are giving him more than he asked for.
The extra payment calculator is used when you want to see calculate the extra payments you want to make every year and the affects of these extra payments on the time span and principal amount. We also use this calculator to check the interest saved on a loan or mortgage due to extra payments. This calculator also shows the reduction in the total number of payments. If you are paying extra payments but you don’t know if you can afford a little bit more or these extra payments won’t even affect the principal amount, there is no mean to do that at all. This is the point where an extra payment calculator comes handy and you see a real picture of figures and amounts.
Many websites offer this calculator free of cost and you just have to enter some amounts and within a few seconds you get the results in front of your eyes. This calculator has number of benefits and advantages over a manual work. While using this calculator, you don’t need to do any calculations by hand or deal with complicated equations but you just need to know your principal amount, rate of interest, number of installments and the extra earning you are getting from business. For example if you pay $1000 installment every month and you have decided to make an extra payment of $2000 every year and the total number of installments will pay off after 120 installments, this calculator shows you that by giving $2000 extra each year, you can decrease the installments down to 100 and that means you also saved the interest rate on these 20 installments.
Here is preview of this Extra Payment Calculator Template,
Uses of an extra payment calculator in our daily lives:
- The most important and frequent use of this calculator is to find out just the right amount of your extra payments. Individuals and businesses use this calculator to calculate the amount of extra installment they can pay every year.
- This extra amount is not due on the borrower so only this person gets all the benefits of this process and the bank or the loan company just get their money a few months early.
- Banks and loan firms use this calculator to see the reduction in the installment months of a customer’s debt.
- Individuals use this calculator to check if it’s better to make the extra payments or should they save the money and after a few years, give in one installment.
Here is download link of this Extra Payment Calculator Template,
It’s not an easy job to earn money but this is also a fact that money grows more money. For example if you put your money in a bank, it increases with the passage of time as the bank pays you fees for using your money and that fees is called interest. When you get a loan from a bank or a mortgage firm, you have to pay more than the principal amount as the fees to use the loan money. This means that bank got more money than the amount it had given to you. If you put your money in a high interest rate bank, you get more money in return as compared to a low interest rate bank. This interest is gained annually and if you add the earned money into the principal amount, the interest grown much faster with every passing year. This type of interest that is calculated on both the principal amount and the previous earned interest is called compound interest. For example if you have earned 10% interest on $1000, it means you have earned $100 additional and if you add the additional amount into the original figure, next year you will earn 10% interest on $1100 and that would be $110 and so on.
Compound interest calculator is a process which enables us to find the interest we will earn in the next years or will pay off over a specific time period. If we want to calculate the compound interest of next five or ten years by hand, it’s not an easy thing to do as it involves number of formulas and complicated mathematic and accounting equations. One can’t do this by his own if he is not an expert of accounting or banking procedures. But this calculator makes it so easy that even a teenager or immature person can calculate the compound interest of his principal amount of the loan he borrowed. We just have to put some figures into the calculator like the principal amount, interest rate, percent yield and time period of the investment and in a few seconds the actual and most accurate results are in front of our eyes and the best part is that it doesn’t need a mathematician or accountant to handle or understand the results.
The first and most important benefit of using a compound interest calculator is that it doesn’t need a professional of banking or accounting to handle the process or read the results but it’s so easy that anyone can do it and finds out the compound interest of his principal amount. This calculator gives the most accurate and actual amounts and eliminated the chances of an error or mistake into the figures which are possible when someone is doing it manually. This process provides us the information about the upcoming years the estimated financial situation of the future so that if it’s good we can reinvest the earned interest otherwise it would be better if we invest that money into some another project.
Here is preview of this Compound Interest Calculator Template,
Uses of compound interest calculators in our daily lives:
- Individuals and non-accountant persons use this calculator before they invest their money into a bank, business or some project to see the earning figures of upcoming years. This way they can decide more effectively if a bank fulfills their expectations or they need to find another one.
- Banks and businesses use this calculator before they loan their money to a borrower to check the amount of extra money that they will get over the next few years.
- Other accounting and financial organizations use this calculator to find out the best investment plans for their company or business.
- Government based financial departments use this calculator to develop or improve new financial and investment strategies for the people and banks.
Here is download link of this Compound Interest Calculator Template,
Balance sheet is a vital part of financial statements of all organizations because without it you cannot effectively manage accounts of your organization. It helps you a lot to analyze the financial position of your organizations in the market and you can effectively measure the growth or decline rate of your organization. Balance sheet is designed to evaluate the assets and liabilities of your organization. You can take important budgeting and controlling decisions about your organization with the help of effective balance sheet. A typical balance sheet conclude assets including case, properties as well as inventories and liabilities including short term and long terms loans, bonds, shareholder’s equity etc. Usually investors and lenders take decision about the investment and financing in the organization after analyzing its balance sheet therefore it should be designed effectively.
Here is preview of this Balance Sheet Template created using MS Excel 2013,
Ideas to Design Effective Balance Sheet
Balance sheet is really important for all organizations therefore it is necessary to design it effectively. In order to make your work easy, I am going to share some tips to design effective balance sheet:
Manage Asset Side of Balance Sheet
- Initially, you have to prepare list of your all assets including cash in hand, cash at bank, tangible and intangible properties, equipments, buildings etc. In order to make your work easy, you have to make different categories such as cash, investments, accounts receivables, vehicles, furniture and other property etc.
- Assets will be further broken into different categories named as current assets and long term assets. Cash, saving accounts and any money will fall into current assets because these can be access easily.
- Long term assets include those assets that have future maturity value of more than one year such as life insurance, retirement fund, real estate building etc. After dividing your assets into different categories it will be easy for you to calculate total worth of your business.
Manage Liability Side of Balance Sheet
- After completing assets side, now it is time to work on liability side. Any future bill, accounts payable, bills due, mortgage balance, taxes and any other due payment should be written under the liability account.
- It will be good to divide your liability side into different categories such as current and long term liabilities. Credit card bills, utility bills and different other bills are fallen under the category of current liabilities.
- Long term liabilities are those that have payment period of one year such as car loan, taxes, mortgage loans etc.
- After writing all assets and liabilities, it is necessary to calculate both sides to get the net worth of your business. You can get the total worth of your business by having a different of both liability and asset sides.
It is necessary to update your balance sheet account on regular basis to get clear and up-to-date picture of your business. It will help you to take better steps for the prosperity of your own business. You can plan in better way for the expansion of your business.
Here is download link for this Balance Sheet Template,
An Income Statement also known as statement of loss and expense is one of the major financial statements necessary to prepare for business organizations. This statement encompasses revenue, expenses and net results derived at the end of a given period like at the end of month or fiscal quarter. It will help you to take important decisions for the benefits of organization. It serves as a business evaluation tool required by accountant to prepare a financial report for a specific period of time. This will help you to get gross business sales, costs of business and finally the net income. You can design an income statement after a certain period of time and this time frame will be based on the volume of your business. It is a significant document therefore it is necessary to design it with care without any potential error.
Here is preview of this free Income Statement Template created using MS Excel 2007,
Easy Tips to Design Income Statement
An accurate income statement requires proper stetting of revenue items apart from expenses. You have to prepare this section with the help of transaction data to uncover everything related to sales, investment gains and vendor rebates. Usually these items are classified under “Total Revenue” section because these items bring money in the corporate treasury.
- Add your sales for the specific period for which you want to create an income statement. Write sales or revenue on the first line of the income statement. If you are running business on the cash bases then you have to get the sales records from the cash registers.
- Cash-based method is a preferred method to record your sales and requires timely record keeping right after sale. If you are using accrual method then you have to record sales even without receiving any money from your customers. You have to make an entry in accounts receivable.
- You have to calculate the cost of goods sold of the company to represent cost of raw materials and production of the finished goods. Cost of goods sold is largest cost component of the income statement of many companies. The formula of cost of goods sold will be:
Cost of Goods Sold = Opening Merchandise Inventory + Purchases of Merchandise – Ending inventory.
- It is crucial to keep proper record of inventory to record cost of goods sold.
- Subtract cost of goods sold from sales and you will get gross profit of your organization. For instance, if the sales were $200,000 for the month and the cost of goods sold was $80,000 then the gross profit of the company will be $120,000.
- You have to collect all operating expenses for the specific period. Operating expenses include rent, utility bills, depreciation and telephone expenses. These expenses are related to the regular operations of the business. Some companies prefer to take these expenses under a specific category called “General and Administrative Expenses”. In order to get a quick visual look you have to draw a line under these expenses.
- You have to subtract operative expenses from the gross profit of the company to get operating profit of the organization. For instance, if the operating expenses are $25,000 then according to previous example the operating profit will be $95,000.
- Apply the tax rate on the operating profit such as if the tax rate of the company is 21 percent then multiply the tax rate with operating profit. For instance, $95,000 x 21/100 is equal to 19,950.
- Now subtract the tax amount from operating profit to get the net income for the period and according to current example the net income is $75,750.
Here is download link for this Income Statement Template, | <urn:uuid:0f5a41c5-3316-4b51-ba21-984c35d17697> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.myexceltemplates.org/page/3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.952283 | 6,833 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Calvin of Calvin and Hobbes, once said, “If people sat outside and looked at the stars each night, I bet they’d live a lot differently.”
It wasn’t that long ago when people did sit outside and look at the stars each night. This is certainly one of the reasons why anyone who lived before Edison had an entirely different view of reality than we do.
This passage from Psalm 8 is but one example.
When I consider your heavens,
the work of your fingers,
the moon and the stars,
which you have set in place,
what is mankind that you are mindful of them,
human beings that you care for them?
When we look up at the night sky, we are seeing a tremendous distance through both time and space.
How far away is the farthest star?
Here are a few of the answers.
- The Milky Way galaxy is about 120,000 light years in diameter. We’re about 25,000 light years from the center. So, the most distant stars in our galaxy are about 95,000 light years away.
- The most distant known object has a redshift of just over 5. That means that the light from this object started its journey toward us when the Universe was only 30% of its current age. The exact age of the Universe is not known, but is probably roughly 12 billion years. Thus, the light from this object left it when the Universe was a few billion years old. Its distance is roughly 25 billion light years.
- Existing observations suggest that the Universe may be infinite in spatial extent. If so, then the farthest star would actually be infinitely far away!
Calvin and Hobbes
There’s a Calvin and Hobbes cartoon in which Calvin is lecturing Hobbes on astronomical truth. He explains,
“That cloud of stars is our galaxy, The Milky Way. Our solar system is on the edge of it. . . . We hurl through an incomprehensible darkness. In cosmic terms, we are subatomic particles in a grain of sand on an infinite beach.”
Then, after glancing at his watch he says,
“I wonder what’s on TV.”
A regular submission to the night sky will certainly leave us impressed by our smallness. In the modern world, we know it, but we no longer experience it. Not with any regularity anyway.
Another Calvin and Hobbes cartoon has a similar theme. Again, while looking at the night sky, Calvin says, “Just look at the stars! The universe just goes out forever and forever,” prompting Hobbes to say, “It kind of makes you wonder why man considers himself such a big screaming deal.” Calvin explains, “That’s why we stay inside with our appliances.”
When you are in your family room, it’s not difficult to consider yourself to be a big screaming deal. You are almost God-like in this context.
Omnipotent in your ability to create light.
Omniscient in your access to the internet.
Omnipresent because you have Google Earth.
Which perspective is more real? The one from your family room, or the one from the campfire?
One of my favourite quotes comes from Robertson Davies’ novel, The Fifth Business: “You have made yourself in to a god, and the insufficiency of it has turned you into an atheist.” | <urn:uuid:9878197c-daef-4142-805d-3311d164ec2e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://trentdejong.com/tag/calvin-and-hobbes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.95273 | 733 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Features and Benefits
- PSAT: 29.5 dBm
- High output IP3: 37 dBm
- High gain: 24 dB (typical) at 29 GHz to 32 GHz
- DC supply: 5 V at 600 mA
- 50 Ω matched input/output
- 32-lead, 5 mm × 5 mm LFCSP package: 25 mm2
The HMC1132PM5E is a four-stage, gallium arsenide (GaAs) pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT), monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifier. The device operates from 27 GHz to 32 GHz, providing 24 dB of gain and 29.5 dBm of saturated output power from a 5 V power supply.
The HMC1132PM5E exhibits excellent linearity with high output third-order intercept (IP3) of 37 dBm, and it is optimized for high capacity, point to point and point to multipoint radio systems. The amplifier configuration and high gain make the HMC1132PM5E an ideal candidate for last stage signal amplification before the antenna.
The HMC1132PM5E amplifier input/outputs (I/Os) are internally matched to 50 Ω. The device is housed in a RoHS compliant, premolded cavity, 5 mm × 5 mm LFCSP package, making the device compatible with high volume surface-mount technology (SMT) assembly equipment.
- Point-to-point radios
- Point-to-multipoint radios
- Very small aperture terminals (VSATs) and satellite communication (SATCOM)
- Military and space
Product Lifecycle Production
At least one model within this product family is in production and available for purchase. The product is appropriate for new designs but newer alternatives may exist.
Evaluation Kits (1)
The HMC1132PM5E evaluation board is a 2-layer board fabricated using Rogers 4350 and best practices for high frequency RF design. The RF input and RF output traces have a 50 Ω characteristic impedance. The circuit board is attached to a heat sink using SN96 solder and provides a low thermal resistance path. Components are mounted using SN63 solder allowing rework of the surface-mount components without compromising the circuit board to heat sink attachment.
The evaluation board and populated components are designed to operate over the ambient temperature range of −40°C to +85°C. During operation, to control the temperature of the HMC1132PM5E, attach the evaluation board to a temperature controlled plate. For proper bias sequence, see the Applications Information section contained within the data sheet.
The evaluation board schematic is shown in the data sheet. A fully populated and tested evaluation board, is available from Analog Devices, Inc., upon request.
Tools & Simulations
Sys-Parameter models contain behavioral parameters, such as P1dB, IP3, gain, noise figure and return loss, which describe nonlinear and linear characteristics of a device.
ADIsimRF is an easy-to-use RF signal chain calculator. Cascaded gain, noise, distortion and power consumption can be calculated, plotted and exported for signal chains with up to 50 stages. ADIsimRF also includes an extensive data base of device models for ADI’s RF and mixed signal components.
ADI has always placed the highest emphasis on delivering products that meet the maximum levels of quality and reliability. We achieve this by incorporating quality and reliability checks in every scope of product and process design, and in the manufacturing process as well. "Zero defects" for shipped products is always our goal.
Sample & Buy
The USA list pricing shown is for BUDGETARY USE ONLY, shown in United States dollars (FOB USA per unit for the stated volume), and is subject to change. International prices may differ due to local duties, taxes, fees and exchange rates. For volume-specific price or delivery quotes, please contact your local Analog Devices, Inc. sales office or authorized distributor. Pricing displayed for Evaluation Boards and Kits is based on 1-piece pricing.
Selecting the Sample button above will redirect to the third-party ADI Sample Site. The part selected will carry over to your cart on this site once logged in. Please create a new account there if you have never used the site before. Contact email@example.com with any questions regarding this Sample Site.
Pricing displayed is based on 1-piece.
Up to two boards can be purchased through Analog.com. To order more than two, please purchase through one of our listed distributors.
Pricing displayed is based on 1-piece. The USA list pricing shown is for budgetary use only, shown in United States dollars (FOB USA per unit), and is subject to change. International prices may vary due to local duties, taxes, fees and exchange rates. | <urn:uuid:172be32b-0d0e-48b1-9b76-a1911ccd7bf9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.analog.com/en/products/hmc1132pm5e.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.874648 | 1,067 | 1.820313 | 2 |
11 Mar Supply Chain Modeling 101 – The Basics
How does a physical product go from being a mix of materials and ingredients spread across the world, to ending up in the hands of your customer as a new product?
We have a simple answer for a complex process: this all happens through the supply chain. Due to the complex nature of logistics, a lot of planning and organization goes into managing supply chains.
Think about it: How do you know where to source the material? What is the most efficient shipping route? What is the fastest way to get to the doorstep of the target customer? How do you plan for seasonal goods and services?
Answering those questions comes down to the strategy component of logistics called supply chain modeling. In this article, we’ll define supply chain models and tell you about the six most common types.
Supply chain modeling is a process used to plan and optimize supply chain routes. Companies use supply chain modeling to develop strategies for getting products, supplies, or resources from one place and state to another.
A supply chain can be extremely complex. Rather than progressing without a plan, or trying to imagine the supply chain variables in their heads, businesses take a high-level view to logistics by creating supply chain models using specialized software. By putting the details of their route into a program, they can find ways to cut costs, increase shipping speed, and reduce the amount of energy or other resources required for getting their products from one destination to the other.
There are several forms of supply chain models. Each one caters to a different business or logistics priority. That’s why it’s always important to begin with a simple question: What are you optimizing for?
The continuous model is designed for businesses that need an ongoing, continuous supply of scheduled material. The priority here is a predictable supply chain that is seldom interrupted.
The best examples of companies in the continuous model business are food and beverages. Fast food chains, for example, don’t require much change. They provide a consistent menu on a daily basis to customers. Therefore, they need a consistent supply chain to ensure burger patties, chicken nuggets, and fries are always available to customers.
The fast model prioritizes an efficient supply chain. It’s used by companies needing to follow or set short-term trends. At the beginning of the pandemic, masks became a sudden and necessary trend across the world. Companies using a fast model could be first to market with masks while demand was high.
The efficient model is designed for companies looking for the best cost to improve their margins. Every dollar saved on developing and shipping a basic consumer good, like paper towels, means another dollar profit for a business in a competitive space.
According to the Institute of Defense and Business, “There are four components a supply chain must have to be considered an agile model: virtual integration, process alignment, a network base and market sensitivity.”
The agile model exists to be flexible. As demand or seasons come and go, businesses can easily and efficiently reduce or increase supply in the market. Like the fast model, the agile model is also ideal for businesses that rely on riding trend waves.
The custom-configuration model is designed for companies offering variability in their products. Most computer companies, for example, offer multiple styles, graphics cards, and memory capacities per computer. A consumer is able to decide which specs they’d like, and then the company ships the computer containing those exact specs to the end user. This sort of variability is foundational to the custom-configuration model.
A flexible model is ideal for companies with planned changes in demand. In this supply chain model, companies can stock shelves based on the ebb and flow of regular seasons. Athletic stores may carry tennis racquets all year around. But in areas where it snows, these stores may plan to carry fewer racquets during winter, and instead stock their shelves with ski gear.
This type of planned supply chain variability is standard in the flexible supply chain model.
The above supply chain models are helpful for understanding how supply chains work. But most businesses don’t simply select one. It’s better to take a step back, consider your business goals, and then determine what you’d like to prioritize for.
Most likely, you won’t settle for just one supply chain model. You will take elements of a few categories to design a custom model that matches your target budget, speed, and flexibility requirements. | <urn:uuid:6167aa29-53da-4933-869c-56e039edd83f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gokinexo.com/supply-chain-modeling-101-the-basics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.941541 | 927 | 3.265625 | 3 |
The Island of Lampedusa lies 205 km from Sicilian Coast and 113 km from Tunisia. Even if Lampedusa politically belongs to Italy, from the point of view of geology it is part of African continent, to which it is firmly fixed; the arm of the sea in between is not deeper than 120 m.
Lampedusa, together with Lampione, dates back to the end of the Tertiary period when Mother-Africa emerged from the water; this theory is confirmed by the structure and the conformation of both the island and the continent. Lampedusa Island is 20 sq km large, has an extention of about 9 km from East to West and a maximum of 3 km from North to South.
It is a calcareous island, has an elongated form stretching from East to West, deep and dramatic coasts not easy to landings, reaches in its highest part, the "Albero del Sole" (the "Sun Tree"), to the West, 133 m. The only town is Lampedusa, rising on an inlet of South-East coast. | <urn:uuid:2f641d26-8fed-4427-9af6-4b07ca775599> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hotelmedusa.eu/en/pelagie-islands | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.937521 | 231 | 2.9375 | 3 |
by Chelsea Ortega, DPT, SCS, CSCS >> Request an Appointment
In Part 1 of our lacrosse maintenance series, we discussed the most important mobility exercises for lacrosse players. The goal of the those exercises was to improve hip and thoracic spine mobility, both of which are essential for efficient performance in lacrosse. As mobility improves, it’s imperative to activate and strengthen muscles to maintain stability and control this new range of motion. Here in Part 2 of this series, we will spell out some exercises that can help maintain the strength that’s crucial for lacrosse athletes.
Standing Hydrants (2 x 15 reps each side)
Start in a mini squat position with band around knees. Stand and stabilize on one leg as you externally rotate other leg up and out. You should feel this in both glutes.
Hip Extension in Bear Crawl Position (2 x 15 reps each side)
Begin in four point kneeling position, stabilize from your core as you lift both knees up from the floor into a bear crawl position. Lift one leg up, driving the heel toward the ceiling and keeping your knee bent. Lower and repeat.
Dying Bug with Paloff Press (2 x 10 reps each side)
Lay on your back with abs pulled in and back flat while holding a side-pulling resistance band with arms extended towards the ceiling. Elevate your legs into table top position, extend one leg out straight, hovering it over the ground. Return to start position and repeat on other side.
Half Kneeling Chop (2 x 15 reps each side)
Attach a resistance band to a secure object above shoulder height and to your side. Half knee and grasp the elastic with both hands. Make sure that both knees are aligned with your hips to avoid compensation. Pull band across your body and downward in a diagonal movement. Return and repeat.
Lateral Lunge with Glider (2 x 15 reps each side)
Stand on one foot with other foot on a glider. Reach glider out to the side and then bring it back to starting position as you “scoop” the glider back. Repeat.
Copenhagen Planks (2 x 30-45 sec each side)
Lay on your side with elbow underneath shoulder and your hand perpendicular to your body. Place your top leg on top of a step or bench. Bring your hips up off the ground and bring bottom leg up to meet top leg. Make sure your body is aligned from heels up to shoulders in a straight line.
D2 Band Pull Aparts with Curtsy Lunge (2 x 10 reps each side)
Start in standing position. With arms straight out holding resistance band in front of you, bring one leg behind you into a curtsy lunge as you pull the band apart in a diagonal fashion. The same leg as the arm moving upwards moves behind you. Return to starting position and switch legs with opposite arm coming up.
Try these activation exercises out and let us know what you think! Refer to Part 1 if your mobility is strained while performing any of them. | <urn:uuid:6ece8213-39a5-4108-b837-e2856bff078f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.evolutionphysicaltherapy.com/post/maintenance-for-the-lacrosse-player-pt-2-activation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.908023 | 640 | 2.1875 | 2 |
- A major problem in Delhi is the number of illegal slums developed. This is mainly due to migrants migrating from rural to urban areas, which results with 50% of the population living in slums. The structure is very crowded and usually in rows with narrow paths to let their household drainage pass through.
While many Indian cities are highly polluted, Delhi — being the capital of the country — has come to be regarded as the symbol of urban pollution. The massive stubble burning that happens in neighbouring states during winter has become the focus of experts, governments and industry bodies, but there are other factors too.
- 1 Is Delhi the same as New Delhi?
- 2 How dangerous is New Delhi?
- 3 What is Delhi known for?
- 4 Is Delhi poor?
- 5 How Delhi is divided?
- 6 Why is Delhi called NCR?
- 7 Is Delhi safe for girls?
- 8 Is Delhi safe at night?
- 9 Is Delhi safe to breathe?
- 10 What is Delhi famous food?
- 11 What is the nickname of Delhi?
- 12 Why is New Delhi so popular?
- 13 Where are slums in Delhi?
- 14 Is New Delhi wealthy?
- 15 Is New Delhi a rich city?
Is Delhi the same as New Delhi?
Although colloquially Delhi and New Delhi are used interchangeably to refer to the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), these are two distinct entities, with New Delhi forming a small part of the city of Delhi .
How dangerous is New Delhi?
Delhi is relatively safe in terms of petty crime, though pickpocketing can be a problem in crowded areas so keep your valuables safe . Roads are notoriously congested; take extreme care when crossing them, or when walking along narrow lanes that don’t have footpaths.
What is Delhi known for?
Delhi is of great historical significance as an important commercial, transport, and cultural hub, as well as the political centre of India. According to legend, the city was named for Raja Dhilu, a king who reigned in the region in the 1st century bce.
Is Delhi poor?
The poverty line was estimated at 1145 for rural and 1134 urban Delhi as against the national level of 816 for rural and 1000 for urban India respectively. The specific poverty line of Delhi is presented in Statement 20.1. In a rural area, it was estimated at 1145 per month per person.
How Delhi is divided?
National Capital Territory of Delhi has 11 Districts – North, North- East, North-West, West, South, South- West, South-East, New- Delhi , Central, Shahdara and East. Delhi was divided into 11 districts in September 2012, prior to that Delhi had 9 districts which came into existence from January 1997. 6 дней назад
Why is Delhi called NCR?
NCR stands for National Capital Region and comprises of the regions around Delhi which include cities like Gurgaon, Faridabad, Noida, Ghaziabad etc. The NCR region has been expanded to include suburbs of New Delhi such as Sonipat, Bahadurgarh, Meerut etc.
Is Delhi safe for girls?
Women Safety In Delhi – When it comes to women safety , Delhi is already considered the most dangerous city. Yes, the capital of India is not safe even in the daytime. Women Safety In Delhi , Girls don’t feel safe on the roads and often avoid to go to the remote places withing the Delhi .
Is Delhi safe at night?
I would say that Delhi is safe generally. However, precautions are required especially in the night . Old Delhi gets closed at about 6pm (for main shopping and not eateries) so you should be going back to your hotel. Rickshaws are the best mode in Old Delhi (Chandni Chowk area).
Is Delhi safe to breathe?
The city has been ranked as the most polluted city in the world by WHO. Dangerous Particulate Matter PM 2.5 in Delhi’s air averages up to 15 times higher than the annual permissible limit! The air is very hazardous and has serious consequences for those living in the city.
What is Delhi famous food?
So without any further ado, I present to you my list of top 10 famous dishes of Delhi. Paranthas . Chaat . Butter Chicken . Kebabs . Chole Bhature . Biryani . Nihari . Rolls.
What is the nickname of Delhi?
List of Nicknames of Indian Cities
|Name of the City||Nicknames||State|
|Nasik||California of India Grape city of India Wine capital of India||Maharashtra|
|New Delhi||City of Rallies||Delhi|
|Panipat||City of Handloom City of Weavers||Haryana|
Why is New Delhi so popular?
Delhi is famous for this market which still holds a prominent holding when talking about markets. The place is a bright hue if everything from fancy cafes to exceptional designer wear. One of the most expensive markets in Asia, this place is surrounded by posh areas on all sides, which raise the allure of the place.
Where are slums in Delhi?
Delhi Kirti Nagar, Delhi . Munirka, Delhi . Kusumpur Pahari. New Ashok Nagar. Sangam vihar. Hauz qazi. Sultanpuri, Delhi . Uttam Nagar, Delhi .
Is New Delhi wealthy?
Delhi’s 163 super rich are estimated to have cumulative wealth of Rs 6,78,400 crore, which puts it on the second spot after Mumbai, which has 233 names on the Barclays Hurun India Rich List 2018. The total number of Indians having a net worth of Rs 1,000 crore or more in 2018 has gone up by a third from 617 in 2017.
Is New Delhi a rich city?
Delhi , the capital of India, is one of the most wealthiest cities in the world with an estimated GDP of $293.6 billion. | <urn:uuid:4d5ba8dd-3d90-456a-82e0-dfab6584ad63> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kerala-travel-tourism.com/delhi/problem-delhi-india.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.947835 | 1,303 | 2.28125 | 2 |
On 30 January, the National Self Build and Renovation Centre (NSBRC) is running a FREE professional-focused training event at its Swindon show centre, for businesses looking to tap into the growing Self Build market.
Understanding Self Build: A Workshop for Professionals will share the challenges and opportunities around the Self Build and Custom Build market, with a focus on energy and the climate. The free event is an opportunity for building and housing professionals to extend their knowledge and practice. As well as thought leadership and sector know-how, the day offers the chance for networking and knowledge sharing.
National Custom & Self Build Association (NaCSBA): Sector update by Andrew Baddeley-Chappell (CEO)
An exploration of the Custom and Self Build sector using data from the latest sector research, highlighting the effect of the Right to Build register
Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA): Climate Challenge initiative with The RIBA
RIBA discuss its key focuses for 2020 including their Climate Challenge initiative, green building and Passivhaus.
Federation of Master Builders (FMB): A low carbon construction sector
Adopting new approaches to retrofit and new build, in order for the sector to reduce its carbon footprint.
PLUS the day includes live demonstrations, including,
- Timber Frame and Structural Insulated Panels with the Structural Timber Association.
- Insulated Concrete Formwork with the Insulated Concrete Formwork Association.
Because the training event is held in the NSBRC, delegates will also be able to look around the centre and discover some of the latest products and companies operating in the sector, which exhibit at the NSBRC.
WHAT Understanding Self Build: A Workshop for Professionals
WHERE NSBRC, Lydiard Fields, Swindon, SN5 8UB
DATE 30 January
TIME 10am – 4pm (but arrive from 9 to have a look around the centre).
COST Free! Click to register.
A certificate of attendance will be presented to each delegate for CPD submission. | <urn:uuid:69ee4700-9c51-4cc4-a73d-5900f6885679> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nacsba.org.uk/news/nsbrcs-free-professional-training-day-understanding-self-build-30-jan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.91001 | 425 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Initiating with the July, Google Chrome has decided to mark all HTTP sites as not secure in accordance with Google Official Security Blog, which has published by the security product manager Emily Schecter.
Currently, the Chrome demonstrates neutral information icon, but once the Chrome 68 version will be launched, it will display an additional warning to users in the address bar. The secured sites with HTTPS mark are currently displayed with the green lock icon and secure sign
Google is using different methods to alert users to keep them away from unencrypted sites for years, but this is the most powerful step taken by the Chrome till date. Chrome team has said that this move will bring more sites to go for HTTPS marking. Google search has started to downrank the unencrypted websites since the year 2018
Google has confirmed that out of the top 100 sites on the web, eighty per cent of the site is using the HTTPS, The company has said with this step taken, a majority of the web traffic will move to the HTTPS marking from the July month
What this HTTPS marking actually means?
Well, once your site is HTTPS marked, it protects the channel between the visited website and the browser, such that no one can tamper with the traffic and no can spy on your network. Without the HTTP marking, someone having access to your network can tamper with packet data and inject malware or track your web access.
With the help on google Lighthouse tool or by purchasing SSL certificate, you can migrate your server to HTTPS marking. In case of any issue, you can contact your domain & hosting provider company to ease out the process for you. | <urn:uuid:3cdadb3f-9abb-4d95-bebe-91375c9156af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vostory.com/google-chrome-http-sites/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.941416 | 331 | 2 | 2 |
Join us for an event showcasing select advances in water research at the U of S and highlighting winners of the Global Institute for Water Security Awards. Hosted in conjunction with the Canadian Water Resources Association.
Diefenbaker Canada Centre, 101 Diefenbaker Place
Water Leaders Lecture Series 2:00 - 4:15 p.m.
Opening remarks from Howard Wheater, GIWS, and Robert Halliday, CWRA
Video screening and presentation by Emily Anderson, MSc candidate and winner of the GIWS video contest: "Glacier Hydrology in the Northwest Territories"
Keynote address from Tim Jardine, Water Security Research Excellence Award winner: "Do rivers need floods?"
Zilefac Elvis Asong, winner of Best Doctoral Thesis Award in Water Security Research, presents "Multivariate Multisite Statistical Downscaling of Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model Outputs over the Canadian Prairie Provinces"
Presentation from Robert Patrick, professor and CWRA member: Protecting the source: First Nations and drinking water protection on the Prairies
Student and Postdoctoral Fellow Poster Competition and Wine & Cheese Reception 4:30 - 6:30 p.m.
Please RSVP attendance to email@example.com by March 17. | <urn:uuid:cee09322-5cfe-43e2-9b7b-9ea0488493ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://water.usask.ca/news-items/2016/world-water-day-2016-events.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.844366 | 267 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Manage the Manufacturing Technology, process engineering team (both sustaining and project).
Develop and implement the departmental goals and objectives to be in line with the location level goals and objectives.
Develop annual operating plan and manage budget utilized in Manufacturing Technology department.
Allocate resources to facilitate attainment of project goals within established timelines and budgets; monitor execution of project plans.
Lead organizational development and improvement for the method engineering functions to enable attainment of current and future business needs.
Ensure compliance with all government and company regulations, policies, Facility Standard Procedures (FSPs), and Work Instructions (WI) in support of quality, regulatory compliance, health, safety, and environmental requirements.
Work as a strategic partner with all other departments to take care of efficient communication and ensure alignment to site and company level objectives and project prioritization.
Provide direction and technical support in identifying continuous improvements to manufacturing operations and implementing new technologies.
Coordinate with R&D team to make sure design and development outputs are verified as suitable design for manufacturing and meets expectations of 21 CFR 820 also as other related regulations and standards for the planning transfer from development to manufacturing.
Lead and participate in complex investigations, develop plans and execute tasks to unravel process problems.
Lead implementation of CTQs and CTPs to make sure production processes are efficient controlled; Facility Standard Procedures (FSPs) as well as Work Instruction (WI), Statistical Process Control (SPC), Leader Standard Work (LSW), Gemba Walk, etc. would be enforced as necessary.
Desirable Skills / Qualifications:
Education: academic degree in Chemical Engineering or Polymer Science & Engineering or related.
a minimum of 10 years of operations and/or engineering experience during a cGMP regulated environment.
Demonstrated experience developing and implementing as well as robust manufacturing systems and processes.
Knowledge of FDA Medical Device process validation as well as requirements. Strong process development and optimization skills, with experience in experimental design.
Demonstrated ability to conceive, develop as well as validate ideas resulting in new or improved products, processes, materials and systems.
Ability to steer and facilitate problem solving across teams to realize desired results.
Strong written and verbal communication as well as presentation skills as well as organizational and project management skills.
Strong computer skills, including proficiency with data analysis programs like Minitab, Morestream, SPSS or other statistical as well as analysis software.
Demonstrated understanding of commercial | <urn:uuid:1466d3ad-217d-400e-8624-0c673e014370> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://oilandgasteam.com/manufacturing-technology-manager/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.938445 | 505 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Are you new to mentoring? Or looking to improve your coaching skills? Being a mentor is a big responsibility. It means someone trusts you enough to have you impart your wisdom on someone else! In my experience, there isn’t a lot of training provided on how to be the best mentor you can be, let alone general training. You sort of just figure it out on your own, try different approaches, and see what works. While mentoring others may come easily to some people, it’s not always intuitive.
While I’m no expert, I’ve spent many hours on both sides of the table: as both a mentor and a mentee. This has given me perspective on what works and what doesn’t. In fact, I recorded a YouTube video a few years ago about how to be a great mentee, so be sure to check that out as well.
Here are some key insights I’ve gleaned both from successfully mentoring others as well as from being a mentee.
Understand your mentee’s goals.
To establish a strong foundation, it’s essential you understand your mentee’s goals both for the mentorship as well as more broadly. Are they new to their career and looking for guidance about finding their voice and establishing themselves? Are they looking for advice about how to handle a specific challenge? What are they looking to get out of working with you? Where do they want to be in 5 or 10 years from now? What’s important to them? What areas are they looking to develop or expand?
The way you mentor someone who is looking to stay in the same role for the next 10 years is different from how you would approach someone who has aggressive career goals. And your advice will be most effective if it’s relevant to your mentee’s goals.
In your first few sessions, spend some time delving into these areas. Listen not only to what your mentee is saying, but what they aren’t saying. You may find there is more to their answers and you can better coach them the more you understand.
Listen more than you talk.
It can be temping to share as much guidance and insight as possible in your mentorship sessions, but the reality is that you can often accomplish much more by listening. Ask your mentee questions and listen to their responses.
This will better equip you to understand their needs and give you the time and space to formulate thoughtful responses.
Share your stories.
Where you can, offer a story from your past. Have you overcome something your mentee is struggling with? How did you handle similar situations in the past and how did they turn out? What did you learn from past experiences?
In the right context, a story can be the most powerful way to illustrate a point. It’s a real-life example that can bring a point to life in a fresh way.
Help your mentee find the answers.
A good mentor provides solid advice. A great mentor asks the right questions to help their mentee uncover solutions on their own.
Have you ever had an “a-ha” moment where, by answering someone’s question you were able to figure out a problem? Sometimes all it takes is being prompted to think about things in a new light.
Let’s say, for example, your mentee is struggling with anxiety about presenting at meetings. They come to you and ask what to do about it. Sure, you could give them a list of 5 tactics to try. But you could instead probe deeper into what it is about presenting that makes them anxious. Is it a bad experience from the past? A lack of knowledge in the subject matter? A lack of self confidence? Nerves about speaking in front of a large audience?
Honing in on the specific drivers of their anxiety can help you both offer more constructive guidance as well as queue up additional questions and discussion. If your mentee is lacking knowledge about the subject matter, you can brainstorm ways to round out their understanding.
Asking the right questions can also be a tactful way to give your mentee constructive criticism about a situation. And helping them uncover it on their own may make the feedback that much more powerful.
Being a mentor is a big responsibility that shouldn’t be taken lightly. By following these tips and really catering your approach to your mentee, you have the potential to make a big impact on their lives.
What is your work personality? Take this quiz to find out! | <urn:uuid:a6355307-4415-49c5-bc02-e03f82057b1f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beyondthesafeharbor.com/how-to-be-the-best-mentor-possible/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.971588 | 947 | 1.507813 | 2 |
'Desert near Maadi during a TEWT', Egypt, North Africa, 1943
Photograph by Major Wilfred Herbert James Sale, MC, 3rd County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters), World War Two, North Africa, 1943.
In early 1943, the 3rd County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) were moved to Cowley Camp at Mena near Cairo. Maadi, a suburb of Cairo, was a centre for interrogation as well a training facility for British and Commonwealth troops. While in Egypt, the Sharpshooters undertook routine training as well as TEWTs, Tactical Exercises Without Troops.
From a photograph album containing 241 photographs compiled by Major Sale, MC, 3rd/4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters), 1943-1944.
NAM Accession Number
National Army Museum Copyright
National Army Museum, Study collection | <urn:uuid:0fdfe92f-b626-4092-be54-c05462c47f9e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://collection.nam.ac.uk/detail.php?acc=1975-03-63-13-6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.931038 | 241 | 2.234375 | 2 |
1. A client has been receiving IV paclitaxel for the past week for treatment of ovarian cancer. Identify an assessment finding that is a priority to report to the provider?
2. A client with migraines is prescribed sumatriptan. Identify two (2) health concerns where this medication is contraindicated.
3. A 22-year-old client is hard to awake after taking diazepam by mouth. It is suspected she overdosed on the medication. What are two (2) measure the nurse anticipates will take place to address the acute toxicity with diazepam.
4. What should the nurse do when the client has an INR of 4 and is scheduled to receive warfarin during morning medications? | <urn:uuid:74c2b93b-969f-49e8-af2a-ad3c74c64922> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://superwriters.net/pharma-work/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.966118 | 155 | 1.96875 | 2 |
What is the old saying about out of the mouth of babes? It is the wisdom or at least honest opinions without the obfuscation that comes with socialization. A recent paper describes the development of a “tool” to get at what children want and need when hospitalized. We can leave the tool aside; the wisdom lies in what those children had to say.
The study participants were children of varying ages, from 5 to 15 but predominantly those in the 11 to 15 age group. They had been hospitalized, at least overnight, for an acute illness, these were not kids with a chronic disease requiring multiple hospitalizations. The tool went through a series of iterations, but five themes were identified that closely parallel the concern of the children’s parents.
Children were curious, about the medicines they were receiving and about the various machines they interacted with during their stay, i.e., the intravenous pump or x-ray equipment. And they showed significant interest in how they were doing, more specifically the results of their laboratory tests, as well as when they could get back to school. They also wanted to understand how their illness was and could affect them.
As with anyone hospitalized, there is a loss of control. The hospital routine takes precedence over many of our individual needs or desires. Children wanted some control over who and when they could have visitors (I do not know any hospital that restricts parental visitation). They wanted to be acknowledged, to be heard, to know that the staff was listening to them. In an inter-related way, they also wanted to have the same nurses and physicians caring for them; they perhaps wanted familiarity; we might call it continuity.
Children wanted to feel protected. First, to feel safe and to know that the hospital staff cared for them and their needs. They wanted their parents and family to be able to participate and help out in their care. And perhaps, because their imagination is a bit freer than those of adults, they didn’t want to see other children upset and sad.
Many of us, with a loved one, hospitalized and very ill, will stay at the bedside as much as possible. Those chairs in the room are not meant for sleeping, and despite my years as a resident, there is only so much hospital food you can endure. The children wanted their parents to have a place to rest, to shower, and to get a meal.
Now, most of these children were not critically ill. The critically ill, children or adults, lie in bed, most of their energy is going to staying alive and getting better. The participants wanted to get out and about, to have something to do! They wanted books to read, an opportunity to do some arts and crafts (think coloring) and to get into the playroom. And as you might expect, they wanted a reward, call it a treat, after undergoing tests.
There is an adult version of this investigative tool, the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems, or HCAHPS sent to every hospitalized adult. It touches on some of the concerns the children identified, primarily the responsiveness and communication with the nurses and physicians. Asking whether the nurses or physicians treated you with courtesy and respect, that they listened carefully to you, and explained things in a way you could understand, these are adult ways of asking if you feel safe and cared after. But that adult survey never really gets to those other issues the children raise, providing support for their parents, adults might call them spouses and caregivers. Children want the familiarity of the same staff, a consistency that promotes continuity; no one asks the adults whether their care was fragmented.
Supporting the caregivers and continuity of care are two ways hospitals can improve the care they provide. It doesn’t require high tech; it requires high touch – hospital staff, nurses, physicians, therapists that have the time, training, and support to reach out and touch their patient’s hearts and minds, not just their bodies.
For those interested, the original saying comes from both the Old and New Testament referring to their utterances as strength or praise. Some adult went on to change those words to wisdom
Source: Development and validation of the needs of children questionnaire: An instrument to measure children’s self‐reported needs in hospital. Journal of Advanced Nursing. DOI:10.1111/jan.14099 | <urn:uuid:c489b280-c380-4028-a87f-26997c25e1f7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.acsh.org/news/2019/09/05/what-children-need-hospitals-14259 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.981218 | 911 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Trying to manage a social and work-life balance while also juggling inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis can be difficult. You may have found yourself canceling plans or avoiding making plans due to your symptoms, provoking feelings of anxiety, loneliness, and isolation.
It is estimated that 50 percent of people with IBD who receive medical or surgical treatment will remain in remission for five years. This promising data highlights the fact that with the right treatment plan and open communication with your doctors, family, and close friends, a robust and fulfilling life outside your house is possible.
Canceling plans may be unavoidable when you live with a chronic illness like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis. However, planning ahead for social situations, managing your emotional stress, and taking steps to prevent flare-ups can help you feel more comfortable leaving the house, and may minimize the times you have to cancel.
The fear of having a flare-up of symptoms while in a social setting may prevent you from enjoying the benefits of an active social life. If you prepare for any situation that may arise, your fear of traveling or being out in public may subside.
A proactive plan can include:
Being open and honest about your condition with friends, family, and co-workers can help minimize the stress of social situations.
Because stress can be a factor in causing flare-ups in people with IBD, it is important to take steps to minimize emotional stress.
Learning how to manage stress takes time and patience, but the positive outcomes of stress relief can help not only reduce symptoms, but may also affect your social life.
Helpful ways to reduce your stress levels include:
A MyCrohnsAndColitisTeam member gave this advice on managing stress: “I deal with stressful situations by asking myself if this situation is worth the aggravation of making me sick.”
Taking steps to lower your emotional stress levels will have a positive impact on your mental health and help keep flare-ups at bay, allowing you to keep your social plans and improve your quality of life and well-being.
The irregularity of IBD symptoms and not knowing when you will experience a flare-up can make it difficult to make plans, go to work, and feel comfortable leaving the house. Flare-up symptoms include:
Working with your doctor on a treatment plan that will help keep you in remission and reduce the fear of flare-ups can get you on track to enjoying a consistent social life. There are many ways to help minimize IBD symptoms. A few helpful tips include:
A MyCrohnsAndColitisTeam member explained that it can be hard to manage flare-ups. “It’s really hard to understand. Flares can happen at any time, no matter how cautious you are. Stay strong and stay positive.” Learn more about managing Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis flares.
Finding a treatment strategy to reduce flare-ups, managing stress, and planning ahead for social activities is key to creating a sense of normalcy while living with IBD and enjoying life to the fullest.
Sometimes, changing plans is unavoidable. It’s OK to put yourself first and cancel social engagements, even if it makes other people upset.
A MyCrohnsAndColitisTeam member reported feeling guilty about canceling plans: “I now have a friend who is mad at me for canceling plans we had yesterday for health reasons. I’m really tired of letting people down and feeling guilty about something that is completely out of my control.”
Sometimes, open communication about why you need to cancel a plan can help a friend or family member understand and minimize negative feelings. However, what you share and with whom is your decision. Know your limits and put your health first. Don’t feel bad about canceling plans when you are having a flare-up.
MyCrohnsAndColitisTeam is the social network for people with IBD and their loved ones. Here, more than 140,000 members come together to ask questions, give advice, and share their stories with others who understand life with IBD.
What strategies have you taken to reduce flare-ups? Do you have a plan when you attend social gatherings? Share your experience in the comments below or on MyCrohnsAndColitisTeam. Your story may help others figure out how to maintain an active social life. | <urn:uuid:a0f55225-0eeb-415a-ba00-951c73b9d327> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mycrohnsandcolitisteam.com/resources/canceling-plans-due-to-ibd-flare-ups | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.943013 | 927 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Vitamin B6 is found in foods like meat, dairy, and chickpeas. The body uses vitamin B6 to make cells for blood flow and brain function. Vitamin B6 has been used to ease migraine pain and morning sickness in pregnancy. It has also been used to improve symptoms of depression and menstruation. It is also used to manage Vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 can be taken as a pill. It can also be injected into the bloodstream or muscle by a healthcare provider.
100 milligrams per day
What Research Shows
May Be Effective
Unlikely to Be Effective
Editorial process and description of evidence categories can be found at EBSCO NAT Editorial Process.
It is likely safe to take vitamin B6 in small doses for a short time. High doses may not be safe. Not enough studies have been done to say whether it is safe to take for a long period. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not take large doses of vitamin B6.
Talk to your doctor about any supplements or therapy you would like to use. Some can interfere with treatment or make conditions worse such as:
A. Atopic Eczema
A1. Bath-Hextall FJ, Jenkinson C, et al. Dietary supplements for established atopic eczema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Feb 15;(2):CD005205.
B. Cancer Treatment Support
B1. Chen M, Zhang L, Wang Q, Shen J. Pyridoxine for prevention of hand-foot syndrome caused by chemotherapy: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 20;8(8):e72245.
B2. Jo SJ, Shin H, et al. Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of pyridoxine supplements in the management of hand-foot syndrome during chemotherapy: a meta-analysis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2015;40(3):260-270.
B3. Huang XZ, Chen Y, et al. Clinical evidence of prevention strategies for capecitabine-induced hand-foot syndrome. Int J Cancer. 2018 Jun 15;142(12):2567-2577.
C. Coronary Revascularization
C1. Qin X, Fan F, et al. Folic acid supplementation with and without vitamin B6 and revascularization risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr. 2014 Aug;33(4):603-612.
D. Hyperemesis Gravidarum
D1. Boelig RC, Barton SJ, et al. Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 May 11;(5):CD010607.
D2. Boelig RC, Barton SJ, et al. Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum: a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018 Sep;31(18):2492-2505.
E. Labor Support
E1. Salam RA, Zuberi NF, et al. Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) supplementation during pregnancy or labour for maternal and neonatal outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(6):CD000179.
F1. Askari G, Nasiri M, et al. The effects of folic acid and pyridoxine supplementation on characteristics of migraine attacks in migraine patients with aura: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Nutrition. 2017;38:74-79.
G. Pregnancy Support
G1. Dror DK, Allen LH. Interventions with vitamins B6, B12 and C in pregnancy. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2012 Jul;26 Suppl 1:55-74.
G2. Koren G, Clark S, et al. Maternal safety of the delayed-release doxylamine and pyridoxine combination for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy; a randomized placebo controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015;15:59.
G3. Matthews A, Haas DM, et al. Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Sep 8;(9):CD007575.
G4. Koren G, Clark S, et al. Demonstration of early efficacy results of the delayed-release combination of doxylamine-pyridoxine for the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016;16(1):371.
G5. Sridharan K, Sivaramakrishnan G. Interventions for treating nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: a network meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Nov;11(11):1143-1150.
H1. Dong H, Pi F, et al. Efficacy of Supplementation with B Vitamins for Stroke Prevention: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. PLoS One. 2015 Sep 10;10(9):e0137533.
I. Suppression of Lactation
I1. Oladapo OT, Fawole B. Treatments for suppression of lactation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Sep 12;(9):CD005937.
J. Tardive Dyskinesia
J1. Adelufosi AO, Abayomi O, et al. Pyridoxal 5 phosphate for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Apr 13;(4):CD010501.
Last reviewed July 2019 by EBSCO NAT Review Board Eric Hurwitz, DC
Last Updated: 3/26/2020
EBSCO Information Services is fully accredited by URAC. URAC is an independent, nonprofit health care accrediting organization dedicated to promoting health care quality through accreditation, certification and commendation.
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
To send comments or feedback to our Editorial Team regarding the content please email us at email@example.com. Our Health Library Support team will respond to your email request within 2 business days. | <urn:uuid:afb0090d-29a3-4e1e-ac89-f5bc68faf8ec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://health.cvs.com/GetContent.aspx?token=f75979d3-9c7c-4b16-af56-3e122a3f19e3%20=581184&chunkiid=21852 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.813727 | 1,404 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Trissel's Stability of Compounded Formulations is the only book in print that provides a single compilation of all currently available stability information on drugs in compounded oral, enteral, topical, ophthalmic, and other specialized preparations. Based on data published over the past 55 years, the reference summarizes specific formulations and stability studies. It helps readers (a) determine whether formulated compounds will be stable for the anticipated duration of use, (b) properly store and repackage compounded formulations, (c) formulate in accordance with documented standards, and (d) counsel patients on the use and storage of compounded medications.
- Monographs on 510 products including 77 new monographs and 433 updated from the previous edition arranged alphabetically by nonproprietary name.
- Each monograph organized into 3 easy-to-use categories: Properties, General Stability Considerations, and Stability Reports of Compounded Preparations
- Fourth and fifth categories included where information is available: Compatibility with Other Drug Products and Compatibility with Common Beverages and Foods
- Two appendices: Beyond-Use Dating for Compounded Nonsterile Preparations and Beyond-Use Dating for Compounded Sterile Preparations summarizing USP benchmarks for assigning beyond-use periods in the absence of relevant research
- Index of nonproprietary and brand names
- Publication Date: September 3, 2012
- ISBN-10: 1582121672
- ISBN-13: 978-1582121673
- Edition: 5th edition
- Lawrence A. Trissel (Author) | <urn:uuid:44e72fc9-4bb7-4d0d-90a3-31d5e2024d92> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shop.apothecaryproducts.com/collections/drug-information-handbooks/products/trissels-stability-of-compounded-formulations | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.865847 | 329 | 1.773438 | 2 |
If you thought milking a cow was challenging, imagine trying to milk a tarantula.
- Researchers hope tarantula venom will lead to a range of potential medicinal applications
- Dr Robert Raven hopes to prove his suspicion that there are more species than previously thought
- Discovery would have major ramifications for treating spider bite victims
Researchers at the University of Queensland and the Queensland Museum are doing just that in the hope the venom will lead to the identification of more tarantula species, and also to a range of potential medicinal applications.
Milking the tarantulas to extract the venom is a delicate process.
A light electric charge is applied to the fangs, causing the muscles to contract and discharge venom into a container.
University of Queensland researcher and PhD student Renan Castro Santana has had a few run-ins with the notoriously defensive spiders.
"Of course if you grab it or anything like that it will bite you, and the fangs are quite big — a centimetre, centimetre-and-a-half," he said.
"I've been bitten twice. It was a bit painful."
Australian tarantulas are found in Queensland, New South Wales, and parts of South Australia and the Northern Territory.
We call them cryptic species; they're deep and hidden
They are often known as whistling or barking spiders because of the sounds they make when defending against predators.
"We are going to try to understand everything that's happening with the venom of these spiders," Mr Castro Santana said.
"Maybe it has some toxins there which we can use for our benefit."
Tarantula milking unlocking secrets of 'cryptic species'
Project supervisor and Queensland Museum arachnologist Dr Robert Raven hopes the results from their analysis will prove his suspicion that there are more species of Queensland tarantulas than previously thought.
"We call them cryptic species; they're deep and hidden," Dr Raven said.
This would have major ramifications for treating spider bite victims, and also would help identify which spiders are disappearing.
"One of the things that we've been struggling with with tarantulas is that a lot of them look so terribly similar," Dr Raven said.
"And so we've been invoking every possible extra method of trying to understand how they differ.
"We know, for example, that if you get bitten by one species of tarantula down near Ingham you get practically no reaction.
"Children get bitten by them on the foot quite a lot and it's not a major issue.
"A woman was bitten by a tarantula up near Cooktown which we thought was the same species and it produced a totally different reaction.
"She had massive swelling of the finger and a lot of pain."
Dr Raven has studied spiders for more than four decades, initially to overcome his fear of them.
He said he is also excited by the potential of tarantula venom for its medicinal properties.
"The venom can be very easily played out and looked into as a pharmaceutical product for various things," he said.
"One of the things that they were looking at a some years ago was the fact that the venom was actually binding to breast cancer cells and immobilising them, so that's in development phase now apparently and they're looking at other potential uses for the venom, such as pain control.
"We're already getting clues that some of the things we're looking at aren't quite what we thought they were, and that's pretty exciting." | <urn:uuid:95a50f06-bedd-4d6b-ac60-ccd105077434> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-01-16/tarantulas-milked-to-discover-new-spiders-medical-breakthroughs/7088714 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.978682 | 725 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Did Obama write his own books and is the story they tell true?
“I've written two books,” Barack Obama told a crowd of teachers in July of 2008. “I actually wrote them myself.” The teachers exploded in laughter. They got the joke: lesser politicians were not bright enough to do the same. During the 2008 presidential campaign, Obama supporters pointed to the first of those two books, the 1995 memoir, Dreams from My Father, as proof of Obama’s superior intellect. Time magazine called Dreams “the best-written memoir ever produced by an American politician.” The Obama campaign machine traded on the candidate’s literary reputation, encouraging volunteers to “get out the vote and keep talking to others about the genius of Barack Obama.”
There was just one small flaw, as writer and literary detective Jack Cashill discovered months before the November 2008 election: nothing in Obama’s history suggested he was capable of writing either Dreams or his 2006 book, The Audacity of Hope. In fact, as Cashill continued his research, he came to the shocking conclusion that the real craftsman behind Dreams was terrorist emeritus Bill Ayers.
“This was a charge,” David Remnick admits in his definitive Obama biography, The Bridge, “that if ever proved true, or believed to be true among enough voters, could have been the end of the candidacy.”
Deconstructing Obama tells the story of what happens when a citizen journalist discovers a game-changing reality that the media refuse to acknowledge. Despite their rejection, Cashill expanded his research into Obama’s literary canon. As he came to see, if Dreams serves as sacred text, the poem “Pop” is the Rosetta stone, the key to deciphering Obama’s shrouded past, his fragile psyche, and his uniquely cryptic political life. In unlocking that past, Cashill discovered that the story that Obama has been telling all his life varies from the true story in ways big and small. In fact, much of Obama’s life story appears to be a wholly constructed fabrication, one that Jack Cashill “deconstructs” to show the world just who Barack Obama really is.
An independent writer and producer, Jack Cashill has written a dozen nonfiction books and appeared on C-SPAN’s Book TV ten times. He also produced a score of feature-length documentaries. Jack serves as executive editor of Ingram’s Magazine. He writes regularly for American Thinker, American Spectator, and WorldNetDaily and has also written for the Wall Street Journal, Fortune, the Washington Post, and the Weekly Standard. Jack has a Ph.D. from Purdue University in American studies and has taught at a French university under the auspices of the Fulbright program. | <urn:uuid:246d84cf-8f7d-4ab2-a9d7-a58a69fa021a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Deconstructing-Obama/Jack-Cashill/9781451611137 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.974668 | 584 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Hair is an embellishment of any person, and, to keep its beauty one should carefully look after his or her hair. To succeed we should know what hair is.
3 % of our hair is water and 97% - protein. Proteic substance – keratin – is rich in sulfur, microelements and vitamins.
The part of hair independently located under the skin is called core and the part hidden deep in skin — hair root. The root ends with widening - hair bulb where hair grows.
Hair core consists of three layers. Hair marrow is called medullary substance and contains keratinized cells. Major hair constituent is cortical substance composed of oblong tight cells containing pigment - staining agent. This stain can be red, yellow and black and combinations of these colors create individual hair coloration. Upon stain absence hair is blond. Hair periblast consists of squamous keratinized cells arranged in one row and stratified like tiling.
Hair root is located in hair follicle. Every hair has unstriped ribbon-shaped muscles connected in one end by short tendon with compact layer of derma, and in another end – with a place below the oil gland orifice. Contracting muscle lifts a hair compressing oil gland thus contributing to secretion.
Hair growth is cyclic. The cycle takes years followed by several months of rest. Thereupon old hair falls out and new cycle takes place. The fastest growing is head hair; the slowest – eyebrow hair. One separate hair lives on average from several months to six years. It’s normal if over the day you lose 30 to 50 hairs.
Hair covers the whole human body excluding palms and soles. An adult person has approximately 100 000 hairs, yet the quantity depends on color. Blonds have the biggest number of hairs — up to 150 000. Black-skinned have the thickest hair that can be three times thicker than blond.
Healthy hair is usually strong and resilient. A hair can be stretched by 1/5 of its length and after that it returns to its initial state. By strength hair can be compared to aluminium and able to take a load of 100 to 200g. Hair is hygroscopic, i.e., it can take up. It’s highly stable to weak acids, yet doesn’t endure alkaline mixtures.
For people hair plays considerable role. Firstly, it’s a perfect adornment emphasizing charm, concealing defects, and, secondly it has many vital functions: hair prevents our heads from overheating and overcooling. | <urn:uuid:07b9887c-4bc6-4035-be58-38d16c4c51f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.edoctoronline.com/health-fitness/important-about-hair | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.959139 | 533 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Chipotle is an American chain of Tex-Mex restaurants. Chipotle Mexican Grill Inc. is often only known by its brand name Chipotle. The word Chipotle is the Aztec word for a smoked and dried Jalapeño.
The correct pronunciation of the fast food chain Chipotle in English is Chuh-Poht-Lay. The pronunciation of the fast food chain does not correspond to the pronunciation of the Aztec word, but because they are an American restaurant, the way it is pronounced in the audio file corresponds to the official pronunciation of the chain. | <urn:uuid:d476673c-4bbe-4542-8f4e-648c30e73c77> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pronounceitright.com/pronunciation/chipotle-15111 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.938255 | 115 | 2.1875 | 2 |
New figures show
The number of new office buildings built has fallen 56% since the financial crisis in 2008, as changes like flexible working reduce the need for office space, says Lendy, one of Europe’s leading peer to peer secured property lending platforms.
Only 2,300 applications to build new office buildings were approved last year*, down from 5,200 in 2007/8.
Lendy adds that applications to build new offices have also fallen since the financial crisis – down 58% to 2,500 last year from 6,000 in 2007/08.
Lendy says that the fall in the number of office buildings being built is in part a symptom of changing work patterns in the UK.
Flexible working, for example, has lessened the requirement for new office buildings as a stronger emphasis is placed on working from home. Recent innovations, such as shared workspaces and cloud-based co-working platforms, has reduced the need for employees to have their own dedicated workspace.
Lendy adds that the drop in new office buildings could also show that the former trend towards large business parks dominated by office buildings, is fading.
Low levels of bank lending to property developers has also hampered the construction of new office buildings. Bank of England figures show that in December 2013, over £34 billion in lending was outstanding from banks to property developers, but this plunged to just £14.8 billion in December 2017.
As a result of the lack of bank lending to property developers, more and more are turning to alternative forms of finance, such as peer-to-peer, to get more projects started.
Liam Brooke, co-founder of Lendy, says: “Modern ways of working mean that offices are no longer as essential as they may have been in the past.
“Formerly, rising employment figures may have signalled a requirement for more offices. However, there is now less need for offices as employees can, in many cases, work just as effectively from home or shared workspaces.
“Demand for new offices is still out there, but banks simply aren’t lending enough to property developers to allow them to get their projects off the ground. This is why we are seeing more and more developers choose alternative finance options to fund their projects.” | <urn:uuid:f43fe571-7549-403d-8a02-ba0a6918a810> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://londonlovesproperty.com/demand-for-new-office-buildings-falls-as-flexible-working-reduces-need-for-office-space/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.976337 | 473 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Proposed Settlement with CBS and Toy Retailers to Give Refunds for ‘CSI’ Toy Fingerprint Kits That May Contain Asbestos
Public Justice and the Asbestos Disease Awareness Organization announced on July 1 that a proposed settlement of a nationwide class action against CBS Broadcasting, Inc. and major toy retailers, if approved, will give cash refunds to consumers and effectively implement a nationwide recall of toy science kits, based on the popular “CSI” television drama series, that may contain asbestos. Requests for claim forms may be submitted at http://www.csitoyssettlement.com/.
The toy kits — the CSI: Crime Scene Investigation Fingerprint Examination Kit (CSI Exam Kit) and the CSI: Crime Scene Investigation Forensic Lab Kit (CSI Lab Kit) – were made by now-bankrupt Planet Toys, Inc. and licensed by the television giant CBS. Tests conducted by the Asbestos Disease Awareness Organization (ADAO) in 2007 of the white fingerprint powder in the toy kits found tremolite, one of the deadliest forms of asbestos.
The settlement, which is subject to court approval, provides cash refunds to consumers throughout the U.S. who bought, or received as a gift, one or more CSI Exam Kits or Lab Kits sold by CBS, Toys “R” Us, Hammacher Schlemmer, Walgreens, Amazon.com, Buy.com, Sears, Kmart, and QVC. Consumers seeking refunds must submit a claim form to a claims administrator by January 14, 2010, and have the option of sending the toy kits to the claims administrator at no cost.
Planet Toys, the kits’ manufacturer, is not part of the settlement because it filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy protection in March 2009.
“We urge everyone to get these products out of your homes and away from children, and to send in your claim form to get a refund,” said Public Justice’s Victoria Ni, co-counsel in the case.
In November 2007, ADAO publicly released findings from an 18-month study it commissioned that tested over 250 commonly found consumer products for asbestos. Three independent, government-certified laboratories participating in the study confirmed the presence of asbestos in the white fingerprint powder of the CSI Exam Kit. ADAO is a nonprofit organization founded in 2004 and dedicated to raising public awareness about the dangers of asbestos exposure and often deadly asbestos-related disease.
“We were aghast to find asbestos in a children’s toy,” said ADAO Executive Director and co-founder Linda Reinstein. “Even though the dangers of asbestos have been well-documented for more than 100 years, we’re still finding asbestos in common household products. That’s simply unacceptable.”
With Public Justice as counsel, ADAO met with representatives from CBS and Planet Toys in December 2007 to discuss its findings about the fingerprint powder. As a result, Planet Toys asked retailers to stop sales of the CSI Exam Kit pending further investigation. But the company refused to stop sales of the CSI Lab Kit, which contained the same fingerprint powder, and refused to voluntarily recall the products from consumers’ homes.
The ADAO test results also helped spark action by the Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection (DCP), which commissioned its own testing and confirmed the presence of asbestos in the white fingerprint powder in the CSI Exam Kit. The DCP announced a recall and embargo of the product statewide in mid-December 2007. The DCP told Connecticut consumers to return the product for a refund or store credit and encouraged any consumer not satisfied with retailer response to file a complaint.
The proposed class action settlement provides that, in addition to paying for consumer refunds and the cost of shipping for returned toys, the companies will pay the costs of notice and claims administration, and a $30,000 cy pres award to ADAO.
If approved, the settlement would resolve the class action pending in New York and a related lawsuit filed in California state court citing violations of a state law known as “Prop 65.” Prop 65 requires businesses to give a “clear and reasonable warning” to California consumers if a product contains a chemical known to cause cancer or birth defects, such as asbestos.
The settlement was given preliminary approval by a New York federal court in May, and awaits final approval.
There is no known safe level of asbestos exposure. If inhaled, microscopic asbestos particles can penetrate lung tissue and stay there permanently, causing serious, even deadly, respiratory illnesses or cancer than might not manifest until decades after initial exposure. | <urn:uuid:da566775-f2b2-476b-846c-c27df93b6750> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.publicjustice.net/proposed-settlement-with-cbs-and-toy-retailers-to-give-refunds-for-csi-toy-fingerprint-kits-that-may-contain-asbestos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.939447 | 939 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Updateless decision theory
Updateless Decision Theory (UDT) is a new decision theory meant to deal with a fundamental problem in the existing decision theories: the need to treat the agent as a part of the world in which it makes its decisions. In contrast, in the most common decision theory today, Causal Decision Theory (CDT), the deciding agent is not part of the world model--its decision is the output of the CDT, but the agent's decision in the world context is "magic": in the moment of deciding, no causal links feed into its chosen action. It acts as though its decision was causeless, as in some dualist free-will theories.
Getting this issue right is critical in building a self-improving artificial general intelligence, as such an AI must analyze its own behavior and that of a next generation that it may build.
UDT specifies that the optimal agent is the one with the best algorithm--the best mapping from observations to actions--across a probability distribution of all world-histories. ("Best" here, as in other decision theories, means one that maximizes a utility/reward function.)
This definition may seem trivial, but in contrast, CDT says that an agent should choose the best *option* at any given moment, based on the effects of that action. As in Judea Pearl's definition of causality, CDT ignores any causal links inbound to the decider, treating this agent as an uncaused cause. The agent is unconcerned about what evidence its decision may provide about the agent's own mental makeup--evidence which may suggest that the agent will make suboptimal decisions in other cases.
Evidential Decision Theory is the other leading decision theory today. It says that the agent should make the choice for which the expected utility, as calculated with Bayes' Rule, is the highest. EDT avoids CDT's pitfalls, but has its own flaw: It ignores the distinction between causation and correlation. In CDT, the agent is an uncaused cause, and in EDT, the converse: It is caused, but not a cause.
One valuable insight from EDT is reflected in "UDT 1.1" (see article by McAllister in references), a variant of UDT in which the agent takes into account that some of its algorithm (mapping from observations to actions) may be prespecified and not entirely in its control, so that it has to gather evidence and draw conclusions about part of its own mental makeup.
A robust theory of logical uncertainty is essential to a full formalization of UDT. A UDT agent must calculate probabilities and expected values on the outcome of its possible actions in all possible worlds--sequences of observations and its own actions. However, it does not know its own actions in all possible worlds. (The whole point is to derive its actions.) On the other hand, it does have some knowledge about its actions, just as you know that you are unlikely to walk straight into a wall the next chance you get. So, the UDT agent models itself as an algorithm, and its probability distribution about what it itself will do is an important input into its maximization calculation.
Logical uncertainty is an area which has not yet been properly formalized, and much UDT research is focused on this area.
- Indexical uncertainty and the Axiom of Independence by Wei Dai
- Towards a New Decision Theory by Wei Dai
- Anthropic Reasoning in UDT by Wei Dai
- The Absent-Minded Driver by Wei Dai
- Why (and why not) Bayesian Updating? by Wei Dai
- What Are Probabilities, Anyway? by Wei Dai
- Explicit Optimization of Global Strategy (Fixing a Bug in UDT1) by Wei Dai
- List of Problems That Motivated UDT by Wei Dai
- Another attempt to explain UDT by cousin_it
- What is Wei Dai's Updateless Decision Theory? by AlephNeil
- All posts tagged "UDT"
In addition to whole posts on UDT, there are also a number of comments which contain important information, often on less relevant posts.
- Formal description of UDT by Tyrrell McAllister
- UDT with known search order by Tsvi Benson-Tilsen
- Problem Class Dominance in Predictive Dilemmas, section 3.4. (The best summary to date.)
- An introduction to decision theory (series of posts)
- Arbital page on updateless decision theories by Eliezer Yudkowsky | <urn:uuid:9588daa3-fe5b-4218-99c0-ecb5bf4209ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wiki.lesswrong.com/wiki/Updateless_decision_theory?_ga=2.22276914.826386532.1559783077-36269370.1469250194 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.952303 | 963 | 2.125 | 2 |
- Reaction score
The US military ran the largest stress test of its sealift fleet in years. It’s in big trouble.
By: David B. Larter
WASHINGTON — The U.S. military in September ordered the largest stress test of its wartime sealift fleet in the command’s history, with 33 out of 61 government-owned ships being activated simultaneously. The results were bad, according to a new report.
In an unclassified U.S. Transportation Command report posted to its website, the so-called turbo activation revealed that less than half of the sealift fleet would be fully prepared to get underway for a major sealift operation in a crisis.
“The relatively low … Qualitative Mission Success Rate indicates the Organic Surge Fleet is challenged to be immediately available for a large-scale inter-theater force deployment without delays/impacts to force closure due to degraded readiness,” the report read.
The Dec. 16 report confirms what senior military and transportation officials have been saying for years now: that the sealift fleet is in urgent need of recapitalization if it is to be relied upon to support a large-scale operation overseas. In a crisis, nearly 90 percent of all Army and Marine Corps equipment would be carried by ship. The Navy is on the hook to pay for recapitalization, but it has so far failed to land on a strategy to do so.
Overall, 40.7 percent of the 61 ships operated by Military Sealift Command and the Maritime Administration were fully ready to support a major sealift operation. Sal Mercogliano, a merchant marine and current professor at Campbell University who closely follows these issues, said the major equipment casualties are the driving factor that is dragging down readiness.
See rest here: | <urn:uuid:f4586bda-a9d1-4d0a-b40d-0f2bbd35916f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.army.ca/forums/threads/us-military-sealift-command-in-trouble.131703/#post-1594180 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.942732 | 500 | 1.59375 | 2 |
- Science News related to Hovering Rover, Simulations for Asteroid Collisions, Iodine – Destroying Ozone, Deep-Space Exploration, Black Hole in Centaurus A, Engineering Artificial Lungs
- Tech News related to EV – Carbon Emissions, Computer Attacks – Laser Light, AI – X-Rays, Face Detection – Deep Neural Networks, Mind-Controlled Robots, Electronic Sensors – Heart Cells’ Misbehaviors
- Tech News related to Brain-Like Computers, Robots That Reproduce, AI-Object Relationships, Deep Learning Dreaming Proteins, Perching Bird-Like Robot, Robot Personality
- Just a post for a general update about me, the blog, and all the stuff I've been working on: for the blog and other things
- A small tutorial guide to help you set up an email filter on Gmail so that you don’t miss a mail from anyone, or so that you don’t ever see …
- Building a Moon base right now seems more like scientific exploration, but it may soon be a necessity. Why and how do we build it?
Just a note! Since I have moved from a different website to this, all the posts from the previous site have been imported here. These posts have been backdated to when they were originally posted. All posts after 10-June-2021 are made on this website. | <urn:uuid:f2853ad7-b23f-47bf-9568-97d8a27363c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sciencenstuff.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.883452 | 298 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Recent numbers from the University of Virginia’s Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service shows both the city of Radford and Montgomery County’s populations continue to climb.
The data, based on changes since 2010 in housing stock, school enrollment, births, deaths and driver’s licenses, are used by state and local government agencies in revenue-sharing, funding allocations, and planning and budgeting.
Numbers from the 2010 Census had Radford with 16,408 people and Montgomery with 94,392.
The Cooper Center data show those localities with a slight increase from 2010 to 2017: Radford rose to 17,208 and the county 98,776.
The state of Virginia, overall, continues to experience steady growth. Up 6.5 percent since the 2010 Census, passing 8.5 million residents in 2018 with highest population gains are concentrated in the Northern Virginia, Richmond and Hampton Roads metropolitan areas.
Meanwhile three of the state’s statistical regions—Eastern, Southside and Southwest—have all declined.
Despite that growth, and over 50,000 new residents, the annual population growth in Virginia is the lowest it’s been since the 1920s and the increase is at a slower rate than the U.S. overall.
The slowdown in the state’s population growth is a result of domestic outmigration, more people moving out of Virginia than into the state, said Hamilton Lombard, a demographer at the Center who prepared the annual estimates.
“Over the last five years, 80,000 more Virginians moved out than residents from other states moved in,” Lombard said. “Many were young families, which helped cause Virginia’s public school enrollment to decline last fall for the first time since 1984.”
Virginia’s independent cities have been experiencing their largest population gains in decades, accounting for 10 of Virginia’s 20 fastest growing counties and cities since 2010. In 2018, Roanoke City’s population passed 100,000 residents.
Virginia is expected to leapfrog New Jersey and Michigan to become the nation’s 10th-most-populous state by 2040, when more than 10 million people will be living in the commonwealth.
Those same projections predict Radford will have 18,808 residents by 2025, 19,272 in 2035 and 20,193 in 2045.
Montgomery County is forecast to have a major jump with 105,877 in 2025, 113,913 in 2035 and 121,094 by 2045.
Elsewhere in the region: Giles County fell from 17,286 to 17,053; Pulaski County is down from 34,872 to 34,467; Floyd County did rise slightly from 15,279 to 15,550.
All of the New River Valley’s other localities are also forecast to see slight growth during that same time period. | <urn:uuid:afa3f256-06d6-42f0-954b-79d40ff987ec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://montcova.com/2019/05/08/montgomery-county-and-radfords-populations-on-the-rise/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.940448 | 603 | 2.46875 | 2 |
The most powerful diagram that tells you the story at a glance. Discover the Yamazumi Chart. 🙂
What is the Yamazumi Chart.
In this page, you will understand what is the YAMAZUMI CHART. It is a simple diagram that will tell you where it is fruitful to start with a Kaizen event and have immediate results both for you and the customer.
Moreover, I have selected for you
and a fantastic Lean Web Tool to have the
Yamazumi Chart always available!
Let’s start with
Yamazumi Example below!
First of all,
here you have an example of Yamazumi Chart for a Product Family and his value stream.
look at the first red bar that Takt Time.
- But what if the Takt Time change?
- What is the process that is the bottleneck?
- Where is better to start to improve?
This diagram helps you to answer these questions.
A Yamazumi chart (or Yamazumi board) is a stacked bar chart
shows the source of the cycle time in a given process.
The chart is used to graphically represent processes for optimization purposes.
Yamazumi is a Japanese word that literally means to stack up.
Process tasks are individually represented in a stacked bar chart.
These can be categorized as either:
The mean duration time of each task is recorded and displayed within the bar chart.
Each process task is stacked to represent the entire process step.
The axes of the Yamazumi chart are as follow:
y-axis represents cycle time.
x-axis represents each process step.
Often, a target cycle time (that is the TAKT TIME) will be plotted to aid line balancing activities.
Why is Yamazumi Chart useful?
The Yamazumi chart can be used for both process
- Waste Elimination
- Line Balancing activity
Sometimes it is called TAKT TIME BAR CHART, too.
Process steps can be rearranged or deleted to optimize and balance the target process.
The tool is intended to support Business Process Improvement teams,
that are involved in the Lean Production.
It is also a useful Lean training aid.
Yamazumi charts are used by Lean improvement teams throughout many process-driven organizations.
Benefits of using Yamazumi
The Yamazumi board provides a mechanism to rebalance a process when Takt changes quickly.
It allows a visual indication of which operations are:
- Overloaded (beyond takt)
the Yamazumi chart is a great visual tool to show where are:
If you arrived here, it means that you have found our guide interesting.
Why do not you share with friends?
Learning with practice
We created for you a very simple Yamazumi Chart Template.
With this Yamazumi Chart in Excel, you can simulate a process and understand how
this simple diagram works for you.
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We created for you the only Yamazumi Chart on line.
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you can have access to this online feature to have
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Finally what the expert says ...
We value your privacy and would never spam you | <urn:uuid:2159fe4d-959c-403a-8b91-a5a2d64c6c22> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://leanmanufacturingpdf.com/yamazumi-chart/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.906844 | 716 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Water As Well As Its Health Benefits
It simply isn't effective. Final results are very short-term. Alcohol is a muscle relaxant and Ocuprime so, Ocuprime on by taking your first drink, Ocuprime the muscles relax, Ocuprime the tension leaves an individual also feel better instantly. A significant is this state of relaxation been recently chemically induced, Ocuprime so muscle tissues didn't find to offer it for on their. To relax next time, Ocuprime you need the chemical again, Ocuprime as well as creates addiction. Not to mention the medical problems together with long-term drinking alcohol. This is a short-term measure at best. This is far far better to teach entire body how to create tension with no need for chemicals.
In the of AIDS the medical, Ocuprime Immunity model would anyone take toxic chemicals may well kill most healthy people, Ocuprime in web site of restoring Immunity. That could be any wonder that so many are succumbing?
If your toddler's immune response is strong, physique will be able to deal effortlessly with the agents that cause infections and Ocuprime disease. Achievable help your kids by creating a healthy eating and Ocuprime living regime.
That's where we have got to introduce an actual agent that quickens the already present mindset immune system. Since the thinking is ethereal harmful . " physical that "quickening agent" must be ethereal properly. Luckily that agent is already present in us and reveals itself in acts whenever we forced to rely on our persistence and determination to gain a goal.
Install a tap filter, so your cat only drinks water that offers chemicals removed. Chemicals like chlorine that is located in tap water can adversely affect your cat's health, even resulting in common urinary issues. Cats are sensitive creatures, custom-made for you . best to continually make confident they have fresh, filtered water. If you take this simple step, this really is to provide bottled hot water.
With many children attending day care facilities and being up-to-date with other disease carrying children it puts a daughter or son at a better risk of catching one.
Not allowing your pooch to come inside and dirty your perfectly clean home. A little of dirt and bacteria about is again good aid the body fight to. That is what a body was made to do and to carried out.
First let's stop trying to get human energy out of fake foods. To overcome or avoid cancer human bodies demand the right fresh food at each meal. Hundreds of people in your world would like to let go of fear long enough to here is another fresh food diet and be cured, mind body and spirit. Choosing the best know this to be true, may also ask.?
KILL A COUGH by nibbling on dried apricots. Rich in beta carotene, apricots can keep the lining of the throat and sinuses healthy. Healthy enough thoughts germs from taking grasp. Beta-carotene increases output of T cells by about 33%. Elements this boost if you do happen to obtain sick. Eating about a half cup of dried apricots a day can anyone with this better. Also try sweet potatoes, winter squash, pumpkin and green beans. | <urn:uuid:fcf12241-bca8-4916-afd3-c3b1f6d8df89> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.aia.community/wiki/en/index.php?title=Water_As_Well_As_Its_Health_Benefits | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.95646 | 674 | 2.15625 | 2 |
During our darkest time, they never give up
Posted in 05/06/2020
Photo credit: Jo-Anne McArthur / Ape Action Africa
From PASA – Pan African Sanctuaries Alliance
I want to take a moment to shine a light on a group of people that we don’t talk about enough: The workers at PASA’s member sanctuaries.
Did you know that PASA members are much more than just a home for endangered animals? They are pillars in the communities where they work, paving the way for progress, building environmental compassion, and often serving as the main employer in their area.
In 23 organizations, in 13 countries, over 800 local African staff work every day to fight the extinction of nonhuman primates. Many of them are caregivers that work hands-on with the animals. These unsung heroes are the backbone of our Alliance, rescuing baby chimps from the clutches of poachers, hand-rearing orphaned gorillas, healing machete wounds, and so much more.
One example is Appolinaire, who for 18 years has stood side by side with the leadership of Ape Action Africa. He started as a security guard and slowly worked his way up the ranks at the sanctuary. From hand-rearing orphaned gorilla babies to his role now as a sanctuary Controller, Appolinaire serves as a role model to all that work beside him.
Without the frontline support of caregivers during the COVID pandemic, over 3,000 animals could have lost their lives. This is one of the biggest threats PASA has ever faced. Their bravery in the face of insurmountable odds is unmatched.
Protecting animals is only one part of the solution. Across Africa, our members work with local communities to produce long-lasting change that allows humans and primates to coexist. Many sanctuary staff are leaders in their communities, connecting over half a million children to science-focused environmental education.
Support a caregiver: https://pasa.org/donate-to-protect-primates-from-covid-19/?utm_source=PASA+Supporters+-+Save+Endangered+Species&utm_campaign=7edc1000d2-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_07_23_05_29_COPY_02&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_6e1feb7026-7edc1000d2-76515821&mc_cid=7edc1000d2&mc_eid=336a916264 | <urn:uuid:0c396ebd-876a-4ed3-bff3-d5dcc2252e26> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.projetogap.org.br/en/noticia/during-our-darkest-time-they-never-give-up/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.936133 | 541 | 2.359375 | 2 |
- 102 Valves !!!
- Dual Trace
- Green screen CRT
- 15MHz Bandwidth
- Original cost ~£600 !
A dual trace oscilloscope utilising plug-in units for the 'Y' amplifiers.
Apparently there are 102 valves in this thing ! Hell, there are 14 of
'em in just the power supply ! Yet its still lighter than the Cossor.
Lined up in rows, hanging upside-down, valves everywhere ! And a ruddy
great fan at the back trying to keep it all cool.
scope was manufactured for a number of years, as illustrated by the April
1961 advert [138K] shown opposite. But check out the £600 price
tag ! To put this into perspective, this represented half the yearly salery
for a typical design engineer.
Whilst a manufacturing plant was set up in Guernsey (off the souther coast
of Great Britain), I wonder just how much of the scope was manufactured
there and how much was "simply" assembling modules built in
the state ; these modules would no doubt be classed as components and
I bet that dodged GB import taxes to some extent.
||Yep. Scope came with original manuals. Even came with the
original calibration record, dated 24th April 1957. You can download a copy
of the manuals in .PDF format from the
service data page.
||Bought privately for £40 (including the scope's trolly
stand) with some other bits 'n bobs thrown in, such as the valve
Valves, valves ... and yet more valves ! | <urn:uuid:e0154beb-c5b0-4b1b-8982-2ff95054bbfd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://thevalvepage.com/testeq/tek/545a/545a.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.924462 | 408 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Big data analysis has long supported major feats in physics and astronomy. But more recently we’ve seen it underpin breakthroughs in the social sciences and humanities.
Since the landmark paper Computational Social Science was published in 2009, a new generation of data analytics tools has given researchers insight into fundamental questions about how we communicate, who we are and what we value.
For instance, by analysing the relative frequency of certain words in historical texts, researchers can identify important changes in our use of language over time.
In some cases these shifts will be obvious, such as the use of archaic words being replaced by more contemporary words. But in other cases, they may reflect more subtle but widespread social and cultural changes. Below are some of the most influential data-centric discoveries from the past 10 years.
How we communicate
Over the past decade, a growing number of global open data sources have helped researchers reveal patterns in what we read, write and pay attention to. Google Books, Worldcat and Project Gutenberg are just some examples.
The release of the Google Books n-gram viewer in the early 2010s was a game changer on this front. Using the entire Google Books database, this tool shows you the relative frequency of a specific term or phrase as it has been used over hundreds of years. Researchers have used this data to explore the systematic suppression of the mention of Jewish painters, such as Marc Chagall, in German books during World War II.
Data analysis can also reveal patterns in the expression of human emotions over time. CSIRO’s We Feel tracks emotions in communities around the world. It does this by analysing the language people are using on social media in real time and mapping it out.
The tool can be used to determine the general mood over time (hour by hour, day by day) within particular cities and countries. Patterns in these data can then be explored in association with other information, such as weather, holidays and economic fluctuations.
Some research findings even claim to represent fundamental changes in humans’ social values, community sentiment and how we think (for example, the rise and fall of words associated with rationality such as “method”, “analysis” and “determine”).
Here are some key findings in this space:
- Cultural turnover is accelerating A Harvard University-led analysis of more than a century of data from millions of books provides evidence that society’s attention span for historical events is declining, as appetite for new material grows.In other words, we are forgetting the past faster. You can see this in the graph below, which tracks how often three specific years are mentioned across a vast range of literature through time. As time passes, the “half-life” of each year (the point at which it receives just half the attention it had at its peak) comes quicker.
- Human language diversity and biodiversity are correlated By mapping linguistic diversity and the diversity of animal species, researchers have shown these two worlds are correlated geographically – both increasing with temperature and proximity to the equator. So the closer to the equator you get, the more variation there is in spoken language and the greater the variety of species there is.The authors propose this is due to heat near the equator producing greater productivity and variety in plant life, which in turn provides more complex and interactive environments for both animals and humans alike – feeding into a cycle whereby “diversity begets more diversity”.
- There have been society-wide shifts in language use over the past century – In an article published in December researchers used machine learning to show long-term, consistent changes in our use of language. Specifically, they reveal an inflection point in the 1980s where there is a shift towards more egocentric, emotional and supposedly less rational language.The authors suggest (although not without contest) this could signal the beginning of a “post-truth era”.
Who we are
In the field of psychology, the same data analytics tools have shown that people’s personalities can be measured using the “Big 5” traits, which largely become stable in adulthood.
This was possible thanks to extensive data sets such as HILDA in Australia, the German Socio-Economic Panel in Germany and the British Household Panel Survey in the UK.
Robust studies have also demonstrated that personality traits can be reliably and accurately predicted from a variety of data sources including voice recordings, mobile phone usage patterns and even portrait photographs.
In turn, there have been some remarkable associations found at scale between personality and:
- Elevation A study published in 2020, and based on more than three million people’s data, shows mountain-dwelling people tend to have different personality traits than those who live at sea level. They are generally more open to new experiences and more emotionally stable.
- Location Another earlier study shows people who live in the United States can be divided into three clear and measurable clusters of personality types, linked with associated geographic footprints. New Yorkers and Texans (who are in the same cluster) are more likely to be temperamental and uninhibited.
- Occupation In our own research published with colleagues in 2019, we analysed the personality features of people in more than 1,000 different occupations. We found people in the same role share similar traits. Scientists are more open to new ideas yet ready to argue, whereas tennis professionals tend to be friendly and outgoing.The research used machine learning to infer the personality features of more than 100,000 people, based on language used on social media.
What we value
In economics, we’re seeing major research frontiers being opened up thanks to data analysis, including in:
- Network science When it comes to success, we’ve learnt that performance matters most when it can be measured (like in sport). But in other fields where it can’t be measured easily (like in the art world), networks matter most.
- Behavioural economics We can now see how we behave as individuals en masse, unveiling valuable clues for effective policy interventions around employment, taxation and education. For instance, one large-scale study revealed those quickest to re-enter the workforce displayed certain key behaviours. These included being an early riser and being geographically mobile (perhaps meaning they’re more willing to travel further, or relocate, for work).
Some have argued data science poses a fundamental challenge to the traditional sciences, with the emergence of “post-theory science”. This is the concept that machines are better at understanding the relationship between data and reality than the traditional scientific method of hypothesise, predict and test.
However, reports of the death of theory are perhaps greatly exaggerated. Data are not perfect. And data science based on incomplete or biased data has the potential to miss, or mask, important patterns in human activity. This can only be addressed by critical thinking and theory. | <urn:uuid:edca150d-51b9-4cca-9415-e41bdecab34d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://liwaiwai.com/2022/06/23/8-surprising-things-data-science-has-revealed-about-us-over-the-past-decade/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.94117 | 1,421 | 3.4375 | 3 |
By John SaItford
This paper, based mainly upon previously classified United Nations documents, will seek to re examine the events surrounding the Act of Free Choice which took place in West New Guinea in July and August 1969. In particular, I wish to look at the role of the United Nations and consider whether or not it fulfilled its responsibilities towards the Papuan people.
The origins of UN involvement in West New Guinea begin with the formation in 1949 of the UN Commission on Indonesia. This set up the “Round Table Conference” at The Hague which resulted in the agreement to transfer sovereignty from the Dutch to an Indonesian federation led by President Sukarno.
During the negotiations, the Netherlands had insisted on retaining sovereignty over West New Guinea, a position condemned by Indonesia as the continuance of Dutch colonialism and a “troublemaking anachronism.”1 The Hague argued the West Papuans had little or no connection with the Asians of Indonesia. They also claimed that they had only administered West New Guinea from Java because they did not consider it practical to appoint a separate governor and administration for a territory with only a small Dutch presence. Nonetheless, Jakarta claimed that West New Guinea was an integral part of the Dutch East Indies and should therefore be part of Indonesia. Further talks were held on the issue in December 1950, but no agreement was reached.
By 1957, Indonesia had unsuccessfully submitted four resolutions on their claim to the UN General Assembly. They now turned to what John Reinhardt describes as the third and final phase of the West Irian dispute, a skillful mixture of diplomacy and threats of military force.2
In 1961 this campaign had become a matter of some concern to the newly elected President J. F. Kennedy. Although hostile to Sukarno, he was more prepared than his predecessor to seek a resolution to the dispute. Policy makers in Washington were concerned about Jakarta’s massive Soviet backed increase in military expenditure. Howard Jones, US Ambassador to Jakarta, later wrote:
Sukarno understood the tactics of realpolitik. He was a master of painting himself into a comer and waiting for someone to rescue him. In this situation, with the help of the Russians, he created a real threat of war. It was not a bluff.3
Eventually Washington decided that the only way to avoid a Dutch / Indonesian war on a seemingly irrelevant issue was to persuade the Dutch to accept a compromise involving a transfer of sovereignty to Indonesia, linked to some form of self-determination. As one US official wrote in February 1962:
I can’t blame Dutch for doubting that Indos have any intention of allowing genuine plebiscite five years or so from now. But the important thing is that some such Indo promise is the essential face-saving device Dutch have been seeking. We must get them to take it as best they can expect.4
Eventually, The Hague was persuaded to accept such a solution and on August 15, 1962, they signed the New York Agreement with Jakarta.5 In what was in effect a face saving measure for the Dutch, the territory was not directly transferred to Indonesia. Instead, under the Agreement, a temporary UN administration (UNTEA, United Nations Temporary Executive Authority) was established to run the territory for a minimum of seven months. There was no maximum limit set, but in fact the UN withdrew on May 1, 1963 as soon as the minimum period had been completed. At no point in the negotiations or the decision-making process were any West Papuans involved.6
Under the terms of the 1962 New York Agreement, this temporary UN administration was only the first part of a process that would ultimately lead to the Papuan people of West New Guinea exercising their right to self determination.
Situation in 1968
In August 1968, a UN team returned to the territory, now renamed West Irian Led by the Bolivian diplomat Fernando Ortiz Sanz, its responsibility under the Agreement was to “assist, advise and participate” in the act of self-determination planned for the following year.
By the time Ortiz Sanz’s UN team arrived, the territory had already experienced years of Indonesian rule and was facing serious economic and political problems. Peter Hastings, one of only two Australian journalists to be allowed to visit since 1963, gave a damning assessment, despite his support for continued Indonesia control:
The simple fact is that, since the Dutch departure, the Indonesian Government has done little or nothing until this year to develop the country or to give the Papuans any substantial economic development projects or any real degree of political participation. Papuan feeling is running high.7
British Embassy communications from Jakarta reported that they were briefed by a US Consular official, Reynders, who also visited the territory in early 1968. Following his return to Jakarta at the end of March, Reynders reported that Indonesia simply did not have the economic resources necessary for the proper development of West Irian. Commenting on the enormity of the problem he wrote, “The sort of sum required for a proper development of the country is, and will remain, completely beyond Indonesia’s means.”8 He also believed that Indonesia did not have the economic or military resources necessary to deal with the security threat posed by “Free Papua” rebels of the OPM (Organisasi Papua Merdeka, Free Papua Movement):
The Indonesians have tried everything from bombing them with B 26s, to shelling and mortaring them, but a continuous state of semi rebellion persists. Brutalities are undoubtedly perpetrated from time to time in a fruitless attempt at repression.9
Even the Indonesians admitted privately that the situation in West Irian was grave. In May 1968, an Indonesian Ministerial delegation led by the Sultan of Yogyakarta made a visit to assess the situation. On their return to Jakarta, the delegation briefed the press on their success in dealing with the various problems that they had identified in the territory. In reality, they were shocked at what they had seen. A British Embassy cablegram in July informed London that:
… the visit was chiefly significant in providing members of the Cabinet with a first hand account of the immensity of the economic problems and a demonstration of the unpopularity of the military and civil authorities which rule the territory.10
Strength of Indonesia’s Position
The New York Agreement referred to an opportunity to “exercise freedom of choice,”and of consultations with “representative councils” on procedures and methods to be adopted for “ascertaining the freely expressed will of the population.” At no point were the critical words “referendum” or “plebiscite” mentioned.11 Nonetheless, Article XVII of the Agreement states that all adults from the territory were eligible to participate in the act of self determination, “to be carried out in accordance with international practice.” Although no definition of what this meant was given, the phrase is of central importance when considering whether or not the terms of the agreement were ever legitimately fulfilled.
Suharto was prepared to take full advantage of the deliberately vague terminology in the Agreement. He was also aware that, with the possible exception of China,12 no major power had any interest in opposing their position on West Irian. Since the signing of the Agreement in 1962, Washington had shown little interest in the issue and apparently rebuffed suggestions by both the Dutch and the Australians that they should “concern themselves rather more closely” in issues having to do with the Act.13 Further evidence of this US position was given by Edward D. Masters, at the US State Department. In a conversation with a British diplomat in June 1969, he commented that Washington saw little merit in getting involved in the “niceties of ascertainment,” which might lose them good will in Jakarta to no advantage. He then added “the State Department were themselves faced by some criticism from the Senate but it was unlikely to amount to very much.”14 Despite Suharto’s violent suppression of the Indonesian Communists, the Soviets were mainly uninterested in criticizing Jakarta for its dealings with the territory, particularly as they had been Indonesia’s key ally in its campaign for West Irian. There was some condemnation in Soviet publications of Suharto “cheating the Papuans who long for genuine independence”,15 but as one British official, David F. B. Le Breton, remarked:
… there are signs that the Communist [states] would like to mend their fences with [Jakarta] and for that reason they may prefer not to do anything which would worsen their relations with Indonesia at the present time.16
Another British official, I. J. M. Sutherland, commented in April 1968:
The strength of the Indonesian position lies in the fact that … they must know that, even if there are protests about the way they go through the motions of consultation, no other power is likely to conceive it as being in their interests to intervene. . . .
I understand that the exiles may find support in the Australian press. But I cannot imagine the US, Japanese, Dutch, or Australian Governments putting at risk their economic and political relations with Indonesia on a matter of principle involving a relatively small number of very primitive peoples.17
Three months later these sentiments were echoed in a British Foreign Office communication:
The plain fact is that there is no other solution than for Indonesia to keep West Irian; no one is thinking in different terms; and no Government is likely to complain so long as the decencies are carried out.18
Significantly, this attitude was shared by the Australian Government, the only Western power with any remaining direct interest in the issue (Australian New Guinea shared a border with West Irian). In late May 1968, a British diplomat, Donald Murray, reported that from Australia’s point of view, the more quietly the act of self determination passes off next year the better.”19
Under the terms of the Agreement, a number of UN experts were to have remained in the territory following the Indonesian takeover to “advise and assist the authorities in general preparations for the eventual act of self determination. These experts, with several years experience in the territory, would have been an invaluable asset to Ortiz Sanz on his arrival. Unfortunately for him, this part of the Agreement was never fulfilled and it was a point that he was to comment on in his report to the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in November 1969.20 The reason for this was that Jakarta did not respond to Secretary General U Thant’s initial proposals for their deployment, and he in turn reportedly “did not intend to make too much of it.”21
Ortiz Sanz’s Arrival
On August 23, Ortiz Sanz arrived in West Irian and embarked upon a ten day, three thousand mile tour of the territory by air. Accompanying him throughout was a team of eight Indonesian officials led by Sudjarwo Tjondronegoro, Jakarta’s representative for West Irian affairs. On his return, Ortiz Sanz wrote a report for Secretary General U Thant in which he praised the work of his Indonesian hosts:
the Government, must be given credit for progress in elementary education, the process of assimilation through use of a common language [Indonesian], school integration and apparent efforts at fraternisation.22
He also added:
We know in advance that the principle of “one man one vote” cannot be applied in all areas of the territory, both on account of the terrain and the lack of sophistication of vast segments of the population…. We also know that the Indonesian Government, which seems not to be very sure about the results of the consultation, will try, by all means at its disposal, to reduce the number of individuals, representatives, and institutions to be consulted.23
To counter this predictable move by Indonesia, Ortiz Sanz promised that he would endeavor to enlarge the number of Papuans engaged in deciding the issue so that, in his words, the UN could prove that they did indeed try “to provide as democratic a basis as was possible to ascertain the real will of the population.”24
Although Ortiz Sanz spent very little time in the territory during 1968, the Indonesians were still uncomfortable about his presence. In December, they complained to his superiors in New York that he had become a focus of attention to the Papuans and was causing a “certain excitement” which was obstructing the “smooth running” of the territory. It is true that, despite being constantly accompanied by Indonesian officials, Ortiz Sanz was approached by at least twenty six Papuans who managed to pass him petitions and letters, most of which condemned Indonesia and called for a genuine referendum in the territory.
Importantly, Jakarta also objected to the UN’s intention to send up to fifty staff to West Irian. This number was later reduced to twenty five, but in the end only sixteen UN staff members were employed, and these included administrative personnel. Looking back, it seems incredible that the UN agreed to limit the number of its officials to such a small, token figure. By way of comparison, the UN mission to organize and monitor the August 1999 referendum in East Timor totaled upwards of one thousand individuals, including several hundred police and hundreds of electoral officials. While Ortiz Sanz’s team had the more limited responsibility of “advising, assisting and participating” in the Act of Self Determination, it operated in a territory many times the size of East Timor. Both territories were engaged in an act of self-determination, but the comparison demonstrates the immense difference between a genuine attempt to monitor a democratic referendum and one that was not genuine.
In his initial discussions about the method to be used for the Act, Ortiz Sanz told the Indonesians that while officially he could only suggest the universally accepted system of “one man one vote,” he was quite prepared to agree to a “mixed” system. By this he meant that the electorate in certain urban areas would be allowed to vote directly, while people in the rural areas would rely on some form of “collective consultation.” On this issue he asked Jakarta to at least “meet him half way,” because, he declared, it would be the minimum requirement to satisfy world public opinion.25
It is not surprising that Indonesia ignored his suggestion, since there is evidence senior Dutch and UN officials had already agreed with Jakarta as early as 1963 to a method for self determination which, did not involve any direct voting by the population. In May 1963, Australia’s Washington Embassy forwarded information to Canberra which it had received from the Americans:
The Dutch and Indonesians have apparently been sounding each other out on the question of the form of the self determination exercise. The Dutch apparently are prepared to agree to the exercise taking some form other than a plebiscite…. Narasimhan’s [U Thant’s Indian chef de cabinet] view is that the Act might take the form of consultation with local councils and village representatives.26
A year later, Jose Rolz Bennett, the Guatemalan Under Secretary General for Special Political Affairs, made a similar suggestion to the Indonesians during a visit to West Irian and Indonesia.27
On the issue of political freedoms, Indonesia was specifically obligated under Article XX of the Agreement to “guarantee fully the rights, including the rights of free speech, freedom of movement and of assembly, of the inhabitants of the area.” Commenting upon this, Ortiz Sanz warned Jakarta that without these rights and freedoms, the international community would not be satisfied that a “fair and truly democratic judgment had been made by the Papuans.”28 At the same time however, he assured Sudjarwo that Indonesia “has the absolute right to take all the measures it deems necessary to maintain internal order.”29
In fact, under the Agreement Indonesia did not have the absolute right to do as it chose, if, by its actions, it undermined the rights and freedoms of the Papuans. In reply, Sudjarwo thanked Ortiz Sanz for not questioning Indonesia’s security measures, adding that economic difficulties encouraged agitation and “Many simple minded people get easily affected by this kind of cheap propaganda and incitement. “30
Whether or not nationalism is an incorrect term to apply to the political aspirations of a predominantly traditional tribal society like West Irian, reports by various foreign visitors are consistent in their conclusions that the overwhelming majority of Papuans did not want to be ruled by Jakarta. In one example, a British journalist, Garth Alexander, visited the territory in early 1968 and briefed British officials on his return:
Probably the most striking feature of Alexander’s report was the further confirmation of what we have been told before that the majority of the West Irianese … are very far from wishing to become integrated with the Republic of Indonesia. Of all the people he spoke to, and he met between three hundred and four hundred, none was in favour of such a solution. The impression he has is that the Papuans loathe the Indonesians, perhaps in the same degree and as a direct consequence of the way in which the Indonesians have despised and belittled the Papuans.31
A second example is contained in a July 1969 report by Jack W. Lydman of the US Embassy, who cited members of Ortiz Sanz’s UN team who had privately conceded that 95 percent of the Papuans supported the independence movement.32
At the end of 1968, Ortiz Sanz and a handful of his team members went on a second tour of West Irian lasting just over three weeks. On returning to Jakarta, he reported to his superiors that they had been followed everywhere by Indonesian officials, and as a consequence, had found it very difficult to have any free contact with the local population. Despite this, he was aware of anti Indonesian feelings, but his report shows that he wished to ignore Papuan opposition to Indonesia’s rule insofar as that was possible.
Of course, when the moment arrives, it would be very difficult, indeed, to assess the real importance of such anti Indonesian sentiment since, as you are very well aware, only a very insignificant percentage of the population is capable of or has interest in engaging in any political actions or even thoughts.33
Concluding his report, he added:
The tour has confirmed my initial impressions … that the implementation of the provisions of the New York Agreement relating to self determination “in accordance with international practice” is, indeed, impossible.34
In reply, Under Secretary General Rolz Bennett agreed and wrote that “the lack of development of the population, stood out all too clearly.”35
This willingness by the UN Secretariat to abandon the minimum safeguards contained in the Agreement was characteristic of its attitude towards the issue throughout its involvement with West Irian. In effect Washington had given the UN the awkward task of providing a veneer of respectability for what was simply the transfer of control of West Irian from one foreign power to another. As Terrence Markin comments:
The Americans, who had repeatedly assured the Netherlands [before the settlement] . . . that they would “stand accountable to our principles” by insisting on a self determination process that was “a reality and not a mockery,” began shortly after the signing [of the New York Agreement] to argue that the responsibility for ensuring a fair exercise really lay with the UN and the Netherlands. Around the same time the Dutch were losing much of their will to press this issue…. And with neither the US nor the Netherlands pressing the issue, the UN had little incentive to do much.36
1969. Indonesia Rejects the “Mixed Method”
The beginning of 1969 was marked by the surrender of the Mandatjan brothers, rebel leaders from the far west of the country who had been fighting the Indonesians for the past two years. By mid January, however, rebellion in the area erupted again as around two thousand Arfak tribesmen rose up under the new leadership of Frits Awom. In response, Jakarta was forced to transfer two additional infantry battalions to the region from South Sulawesi.37
Meanwhile, at a meeting in New York in late January, Sudjarwo informed the Secretary General that Jakarta had rejected Ortiz Sanz’s plan to adopt a “mixed system” for the Act.38 However, the UN Secretariat’s apparent prior agreement with Jakarta in 1963 to dispense with any direct voting suggests the plan might simply have been a public gesture to demonstrate UN efforts to ensure some democratic involvement in the Act.
An alternative possibility is, that Ortiz Sanz was not fully briefed by the Secretariat and was not aware of its previous discussions with Jakarta. In this case his effort to introduce genuine Papuan participation might have been undertaken without proper consultation with U Thant. Evidence of this comes from an Indonesian newspaper in July 1969 which claimed that Sudjarwo had been angered to discover that the “mixed method” was Ortiz Sanz’s idea and had not originated in New York.39 This scenario would support the position of those who argue that Ortiz Sanz was more a victim of maneuverings in New York and Jakarta, rather than a cynical participant. As Sir Patrick Shaw, the Australian Ambassador to the UN, commented in April 1968 after meeting him, “Ortiz Sanz is a man of goodwill and integrity but I am not sure that he has much conception of the sort of environment in which he will find himself working in West Irian.”40
In meetings held between Ortiz Sanz and the Indonesians during February, Sudjarwo outlined the method which the authorities had decided to adopt. Their chosen option was to enlarge the eight regional councils, already existing in the territory, and create special Assemblies which would then each reach a collective decision on whether or not to remain with Indonesia.41 These existing regional councils had been set up by Jakarta when it took over in 1963, and their members were appointed by the authorities. Ortiz Sanz could do little but request that he be given information about all existing councilors to help him determine to what extent they truly represented the population. Sudjarwo agreed, but nothing was ever handed over.42
Soon afterwards, Sudjarwo gave Ortiz Sanz further information on the selection process to be used to appoint additional members for the planned assemblies. One group would be chosen by existing approved political, social, and cultural organizations. A second group would consist of “traditional” tribal chiefs selected by the existing council members, and a third group was to be elected by the people themselves.43
As a result of this, the only potential opportunity for genuine popular participation lay in the election of the third group. In practice however, this method of choosing additional members meant that the Indonesian authorities and the existing Indonesian appointed councils had tight control of the whole selection process for the final “consultative assemblies.” As Ortiz Sanz wrote in his final report, Sudjarwo had informed him, “Those few people -possibly existing not in favour of retaining ties with the Republic of Indonesia, are … not organised in legally existing political groups or parties in West Irian”.44
To justify this proposed method for determining the Papuan’s response to Indonesian rule, Jakarta consistently claimed that the vast majority of the Papuan population were in favor of staying with Indonesia and did not want the Act to take place. In their General Assembly report they wrote that this view was based upon hundreds of supporting statements which they had received from Papuans.45
In private however, Sudjarwo was unhappy about the number of anti Indonesian petitions which were being sent to Ortiz Sanz and then forwarded on to him. At one point he even complained to the Secretary General that these petitions were beginning to upset the Indonesian army.46
In his final report to the General Assembly, Ortiz Sanz wrote that he had received a total of 179 petitions during his time in the territory, both for and against Indonesia. With regard to the first group -petitions favoring Indonesian sovereignty over West Irian -he said that these came from the regional councils and various officially recognized organizations. They were, he said, written by politically minded and better educated people. At no point in the report did he question whether these were genuine views or simply the result of Indonesian pressure.47 In contrast, he was dismissive of the anti Indonesian petitions, describing them as being often barely intelligible and usually anonymous.
More importantly, he asserted in his official report to the General Assembly that over half the petitions he received were pro Indonesian.48 One has to question why he wrote this because it was simply incorrect. In the UN archives in New York, details of 156 of the 179 petitions survive, recording all those received up until April 30, 1969. Of these, ninety five are anti Indonesian, fifty nine are pro, and two are neutral.49
Therefore, even if all the missing twenty three petitions were pro Indonesian, this would mean that over half would still be “anti .” In fact, Ortiz Sanz privately admitted that many of the petitions he received in the final weeks were against Indonesia, so it is reasonable to conclude that in total, at least 60 percent of the petitions delivered to the UN were against Indonesia and in favor of a referendum.
It is not realistic to suggest that Ortiz Sanz simply made a mistake, since the descriptions of each petition are clearly typed and the list is easy to add up. Consequently, either Ortiz Sanz himself chose to mislead the UNGA deliberately, or he was told to do so by U Thant. Whoever was responsible, it is a clear illustration of the UN leadership’s collaboration with Indonesia to legitimize the Indonesian takeover of West Irian, at the expense of the Papuans, who thereby lost political rights guaranteed in the Agreement.
Political Prisoners and Political Rights
Further evidence of this collaboration comes from correspondence between Ortiz Sanz and Sudjarwo on the issue of political prisoners. While Ortiz Sanz acknowledged that the New York Agreement required the release of any political prisoners, he let Jakarta know that he accepted their right to deal differently with those he described as “anti state.” He even went so far as to suggest that it would be better to move such troublesome people out of the territory before the Act was put into effect.50
In March 1969, the Dutch privately urged U Thant to consider sending in a UN expeditionary force to ensure that the vote could take place without intimidation from the Indonesian military.51 The Secretary General, however, contested The Hague’s assertion that such a deployment was permitted by the Agreement and rejected the suggestion. Ortiz Sanz commented, probably correctly, that it was just a Dutch tactic to enable them to claim that they had at least attempted to protect the Papuans.52 Besides, Jakarta would have certainly refused to allow such a deployment.
Nonetheless, Ortiz Sanz did continue to apply what little pressure he could on Indonesia to include some democratic content in the Act. On March 18, he issued a press release in which he declared that Indonesia’s chosen method would only be acceptable if it fulfilled three prerequisites:
1. The final consultative assemblies had to have a sufficiently large membership.
2. The assemblies should represent all sectors of the population.
3. The new members of the assemblies should be clearly elected by the people.
He ended by stating that Jakarta had given him official assurances that these prerequisites would be complied with.53 Whether this declaration was made widely available to the Papuans is unknown, but if the authorities did not actively cooperate in disseminating the press release, then it is unlikely many Papuans were informed of these prerequisites.
Papuan Protest and Continued Indonesian Preparations
On April 11, the last of the regional councils met to accept officially Jakarta’s chosen method for the Act, although they loyally reasserted that the whole exercise was an unnecessary distraction and that West Irian would always be Indonesian.
On the same day, another group of Papuans gathered outside Ortiz Sanz’s Jayapura residence to call for a genuine referendum. Ortiz Sanz addressed the crowd of several thousand and asked them to disperse, while assuring them that the UN would continue trying to ensure the rights and freedoms to which they were entitled. Immediately afterwards he contacted U Thant to tell him how he had successfully persuaded the Indonesian military not to intervene. He then added:
The outcome of this incident has shown for the first time in West Irian the possibility of peaceful democratic demonstrations by the population and evident good will on the part of high ranking Indonesian military commanders.
Everything is now quiet.
Two months later, however, he was forced to revise this positive report and to inform the Secretary General that at least forty three people had been arrested and detained without his knowledge, following the demonstration.55
Meanwhile, it appeared that the UN’s efforts to influence Indonesia were continuing to fail. In mid April, Ortiz Sanz told Rolz Bennett that Jakarta had decided that new members of the regional Assemblies would simply be suggested by officially appointed ad hoc committees, rather than elected by the people. as previously promised. This was a clear snub to Ortiz Sanz, so soon after his public statement on the importance of elections for the assemblies. In reply, a rather exasperated Rolz Bennett wrote:
Our initial reaction is that Indonesia may be going too far particularly by its decision to have the additional representatives suggested which means in fact appointed by an ad hoc committee. Our Indonesian friends should realise, as you have told them so many times, that the method for the act of free choice should not depart, so radically from generally accepted norms of political representation. It is surely not beyond human ingenuity to devise a method whereby the additional representatives would be elected or selected by their respective communities, thus giving an opportunity to the general population to be involved in the act of free choice.56
Unease at the developing situation was increased in mid April when widespread rebellions broke out in the Western Central Highlands. Airstrips were sabotaged and Indonesian officials and military fled the region. On April 23, ninety well armed Papuan policemen mutinied and joined the OPM.57 On April 27, a plane carrying General Sarwo Edhie, the territory’s Indonesian military Commander, was hit by gunfire as it flew over the area. Two passengers, including a police inspector, were wounded. In response, the General ordered planes, including at least one B 26 bomber, to strafe Enarotali, and on April 30, Indonesian paratroopers from West Java were flown in. The Indonesian counter attack resulted in around fourteen thousand people fleeing into the bush while skirmishes with the OPM continued.58 Elsewhere, nationalist demonstrations were held in Arso, Indonesian troops were attacked near Merauke, and on the Bird’s Head peninsula, the Arfak rebellion led by Fritz Awom continued.
Ortiz Sanz’s initial reaction to the rebellions was to try and ignore them, and he instructed his staff to refrain from any involvement in the issue. He also informed the press that internal security was a matter for Jakarta and not his business.59 This response was not well received by his superiors, and Rolz Bennett immediately instructed him to obtain full information on the disturbances from Indonesia.60 Under pressure from New York, Ortiz Sanz also made a brief visit to the area. On his return to Jakarta he issued a statement to the press claiming that all was now quiet.61 In fact, he saw little during his inspection tour and sometimes never even went beyond the airstrip. Furthermore, he had actually written his press statement before his trip commenced.62
In private, however, he was sufficiently concerned about the general situation so that in mid May, he requested that U Thant ask to delay the Act by three to four months in order “to provide us with a last opportunity for improving the democratic conditions.”63 But the Secretariat had no enthusiasm for this idea, and Rolz Bennett replied by asking “whether it would in fact be possible to change significantly the conditions in the territory during the period of a suggested postponement.”64
UN Pressure on Indonesia
While General Sarwo Edhie suppressed the rebellions, the UN continued to urge Jakarta to moderate its stance on the Act. A UN report in May of a meeting between U Thant and the Indonesian Ambassador states:
…. the Secretary General emphasised the importance of electing the additional councilors in a way that would ensure that the new councilors would truly represent the people of their constituencies. This would be the touchstone in the judgment about the fairness and validity of the whole exercise which would be made by member States of the United Nations.65
But by the time U Thant made this plea, Indonesia had already begun appointing the new councilors without informing Ortiz Sanz and his team, who were supposed to be monitoring the whole exercise. It was a further embarrassment to the UN’s representative, especially as the situation was being reported by some of the foreign press. Ortiz Sanz again appealed to Sudjarwo saying:
I stress, the importance of a properly implemented Act of Free Choice because I believe Indonesia wishes a final, and not a temporary, solution to the problem of West Irian. The Indonesian Government should take a calculated risk and allow the opposition the opportunity to express its views. This is the moment for the Indonesian authorities to adopt courageous and generous measures.66
Eventually, under pressure from Rolz Bennett, Ortiz Sanz reluctantly wrote to Sudjarwo urging him to re stage some of the elections, so that the UN could be there to monitor the process. To his surprise, Sudjarwo agreed,67 and between June 26 and, July 5, a selection of fresh elections took place in the presence of UN officials and, occasionally, the foreign press. Despite this, by the end, UN officials only actually managed to witness the election of 195 out of the 1,022 Assembly Representatives who eventually took part in the Act.
Nonetheless, it was to be the only occasion in which UN pressure on Indonesia had any effect during the entire period, and Ortiz Sanz made much of it in his final General Assembly report. Absent from this report, however, is any description at all of the election meetings themselves, and the reason for this omission becomes clear from reading the accounts given afterwards by the few members of the foreign press present, and by the locals themselves. A typical example was described by the Australian journalist Hugh Lunn, who witnessed one election in Biak which was also attended Ortiz Sanz himself.
The election, he said, consisted of a group of Indonesians walking into a silent crowd of Papuans and choosing six men that they themselves had selected. Hugh Lunn then described how Indonesian soldiers arrested three Papuans who displayed placards demanding a plebiscite. One journalist appealed to Ortiz Sanz to intervene, but he simply said that he was there just to observe.68
When one considers the importance attached by the UN to these elections, which were represented as the “touchstone” on which the democratic credentials of the whole Act would be judged, it is hard not to conclude that their efforts were completely unsuccessful. Even in those few elections witnessed by UN observers, it was obvious that genuine democracy had no perceivable part to play in the exercise. With the failure of his final attempt to create an appearance of democracy, Ortiz Sanz was to spend the remainder of his time in the territory collaborating with U Thant and Jakarta in their efforts to conclude the Act with as little controversy as the situation permitted.
UN and Indonesian Collaboration
The importance attached to this task, and the extent to which it became Ortiz Sanz’s only concern, is well illustrated in a letter which he wrote to Rolz Bennett on June 14. In this letter, Ortiz Sanz revealed that Sudjarwo was “not only concerned, but worried” about two particular points. The first was the attitude of the Netherlands Government towards Indonesia’s chosen method for the Act. The second was the contents of the final report which Ortiz Sanz would submit to the UNGA. With regard to the former, Ortiz Sanz declared:
I advised him privately though emphatically that his Government should try to obtain assurances that the Netherlands’ Government would not cast any doubt on, or challenge, the Act of Free Choice. This would prevent a heated debate in the General Assembly.
On the subject of his final report, Ortiz Sanz wrote:
… as an expression of my continued co operation, I offered to show Sudjarwo, on a personal basis, those parts of the report that might be controversial or create discrepancies with the [Indonesian] report.69
This is a significant letter for two reasons. First of all, it reveals that Indonesia was genuinely concerned at possible international criticism of their intention to deny the Papuans any genuine self determination. More importantly, however, this letter provides unambiguous evidence of Ortiz Sanz’s direct involvement with Jakarta in measures aimed at, minimizing the impact of any international protest at these fundamental breaches of the Agreement. While this level of duplicity and cynicism might be expected from, a State in pursuit of its perceived “national interest,” it is a completely indefensible mode of action for a representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations.
However, the Secretary General himself seems to have made similar suggestions to the Indonesians. At a private meeting held in New York on June 20, U Thant informed Sudjarwo that:
The Indonesian Government would have to consult very diligently with the Members of the General Assembly for the purpose of preventing the submission of a draft resolution touching on the substance of the West Irian matter.70
In the last weeks before the Act began, Ortiz Sanz told Rolz Bennett that the human rights situation was actually getting worse, despite his constant appeals to Jakarta to show restraint. He even twice asked the Indonesians to arrange for him to meet with President Suharto so that he could express his concerns. But, as he had to concede in his final report, Suharto was too busy to see him.71
The Act of Free Choice
On July 14, the Act finally began with a meeting of the 175 “consultative assembly” members for Merauke. In addition to Ortiz Sanz and his team, a large group of senior Indonesian politicians and soldiers were present. Also there were the Ambassadors of Australia, the Netherlands, and Thailand, accompanied by Indonesian journalists, officials, politicians, and a small number of foreign reporters.72
As was the case with all the other meetings, the assembly members had spent several weeks before the day under guard by the authorities and isolated from the rest of the community. Some assembly members claim that they were threatened and bribed by Brigadier General Ali Murtopo, Commander of the Army’s OPSUS (Special Operations Section), during those weeks when they were under guard. Murtopo had been selected by President Suharto to go to West Irian with a team of military students, and teachers in order to mount a “hearts and minds” campaign and “make a success” of the Act. According to the Reverend Hokujoku who was a member for Jayapura, Murtopo warned them that Indonesia was a great military and would not tolerate dissent. If they wanted their own country, he mockingly suggested that they could ask the Americans for a piece of the moon. Hokujoku also described how those Papuans chosen to speak at the meeting were given exact instructions about what to say and were forced by the Indonesians to rehearse their speeches.73
In Merauke and elsewhere, the task of the Assembly members, as decreed by Jakarta, was to come to some form of collective decision using a vaguely defined Indonesian method for reaching consensus, known as musjawarah (consultation / deliberation). What this meant in practice was that a number of senior Indonesian officials addressed the Merauke members telling them that they should, for a variety of reasons, remain with Indonesia. Then, Ortiz Sanz made a brief statement about the importance of their task and reminded them that they were speaking not only for themselves but for all Papuans. “Do not hesitate to speak the truth and be loyal to the wishes of your own people.”
Following these speeches, twenty of the Assembly members stood up one after the other and made a series of almost identical statements. They proclaimed that they had considered themselves as part of Indonesia since 1945, they recognized only one country, one constitution, one flag, and one Government, that of Indonesia. After these statements the Chairman, a Government official, told the other 155 assembly members to stand up if they agreed with their colleagues position. All then stood up.
The Indonesia Minister of Home Affairs then concluded the proceedings by thanking the members for their decision and pledging that Indonesia would fulfill its responsibility to develop the territory economically and in every other respect. West Irian, he promised, would be given autonomy in organizing, coordinating and carrying out this task.74
The following day, Ortiz Sanz gave a press conference in which he defended the Indonesian musjawarah system as “practical.” He later argued that the option of national independence for West Irian would not be feasible.75 The Sydney Morning Herald published an editorial on July 14 which was fiercely critical of the whole exercise and the behavior of its own Government in Canberra:
The last stage in the betrayal of the people of West New Guinea is scheduled to begin today…. No amount of word twisting can change the ugly fact that an unsophisticated island people is being quite deliberately and openly cheated of its right, guaranteed by an international agreement reached under the aegis of the United Nations, to decide its own political future…. Where else in today’s world would the dictum be accepted that a people was too primitive ever to be free?76
Despite such criticism, the next assembly went ahead as planned in Wamena on July 16 with identical results.77
The third assembly meeting took place on July 19 in Nabire in the Western Central Highlands region. According to the journalist Brian May, a recent rebellion had emptied the area of local people to such an extent that the Indonesians had to ship in Papuans from other regions to play the part of Assembly members.78 Even so, another journalist Hugh Lunn, reported that one assembly member managed to contact him to ask whether he could guarantee that there would be no reprisals if one hundred members spoke out against Indonesia at the meeting. Lunn replied that he could not give such a pledge. Another member then slipped him a note to say that the assembly had all been bribed. At the same time, a third member attempted to pass a note to the UN team, but according to Lunn, they refused to accept it.79 Despite all this, Ortiz Sanz’s official report made no mention of the rebellion or allegations of bribery.80 The same day, Jakarta declared that the results so far meant that West Irian had already chosen to stay with Indonesia. The remaining meetings would therefore be nothing more than a confirmation of this result.81 The next two meetings in Fak Fak and Sorong also followed the same format as the others, with the same speeches and the same pledges love and loyalty to Jakarta delivered by the handful of Papuans selected to speak.
In Manokwari, while the assembly voted, Papuan youths outside the meeting room chanted ” alone, alone.” In response, armed Indonesians threw them into the backs of lorries and drove them away. At one point, Hugh Lunn the only foreign journalist present, was threatened with a gun by an Indonesian while he took photos of the demonstration. He then ran inside to inform Ortiz Sanz, but Ortiz Sanz refused to intervene.82
On July 31, the Biak meeting followed the same pattern. Meanwhile scores of Papuans on the island were in detention, having been arrested shortly before as a precaution by the authorities in case they disrupted the event.83
On August 2, with food, drink and singing laid on, the final Assembly meeting took place in Jayapura.84 To celebrate, various Indonesian military officers and officials were then paraded shoulder high by groups of Papuans, in what could be described as a rather tasteless theatrical display of pre rehearsed jubilation.85
With the final part of the Act’s implementation complete, Jakarta solemnly announced that the legal and final result, in accordance with the New York Agreement, was that all the Papuans had elected to remain with Indonesia.
On July 17,1969, a British diplomat with the UK Mission to the UN in New York summed up international opinion. He conceded that some African countries were unhappy about the Act, but concluded:
Our strong impression is that the great majority of UN members want to see this question cleared out of the way with the minimum of fuss as soon as possible … The Arabs and the other Moslem states would certainly support Indonesia strongly. There is, moreover, general recognition, even, according to the Dutch, on the part of the moralistic Scandinavians, that there is no alternative to Indonesian rule. Finally the Secretariat, whose influence could be important, appear only too anxious to get shot of the problem as quickly and smoothly as possible.86
Three months later, in November 1969, Ortiz Sanz’s final report was presented to the UNGA. In his conclusions, he expressed concern that the political freedoms guaranteed by the Act had not been fulfilled. He also conceded that “certain elements” of the population favored independence. Nonetheless he declared that, “with the Guam limitations; imposed by the geographical characteristics of the territory and the general situation in the area, an act of free choice has taken place in West Irian in accordance with Indonesian practice, in which the representatives of the population have expressed their wish to remain with Indonesia.”87
Technically this was an accurate statement, if by “Indonesian practice” he meant an exercise totally devoid of any genuine democratic content. But the New York Agreement Specified that Papuan self determination had to be carried out in accordance with “international practice.”
Ghana, and several other African countries at the November meeting, condemned the exercise for being undemocratic. They also called for a proper act of self determination to be held in the territory in 1975, on the grounds that the Agreement had not been properly fulfilled. However this amendment to the main resolution on Irian was defeated by sixty votes to fifteen, with thirty nine abstentions.
In the end, the General Assembly voted by eighty four votes to none, with thirty abstentions, to simply “take note” of the Secretary General’s report, and the reports of and Ortiz Sanz.88
Whether the Papuans should have had the right to independence is an issue with arguments for and against. As Henderson noted in 1973, many newly independent states contain minorities which might have aspirations to independence themselves. But if such separatism were encouraged it could:
… set in train the dissolution of innumerable ethnically complex states whose main claim to unity derives from the colonial mandate. The consequences of this for the stability of the international system could be incalculable.89
On the other hand, Mullerson, writing on multi ethnic states, comments:
when minorities are discriminated against or their identity is threatened by majority policy … the minority is not participating together with the rest of the population in the ever continuing and ongoing process of self determination…. This means that the minority can realize its right to self determination not in the society as a whole, together with the rest of the population, but only separately.90
Finally in response to an inquiry by U Thant on the legal aspects of the Papuans’ right to self determination, the UN’s legal adviser replied in June 1962:
… since President Wilson enunciated the principle of self determination in 1918, there appears to emerge a strong presumption in favour of self determination in situations such as that of Western New Guinea on the basis of the wishes of the peoples of the territory concerned, irrespective of the legal stands or interests of other parties to the question. While other factors may also be taken into account, there seems to be a growing practice of recognising that the wishes of the local population should be paramount.91
The purpose of this paper, though, was not to discuss the legitimacy of Papuan self determination because this right had already been explicitly acknowledged by the Netherlands and Indonesia when they signed the 1962 Agreement. Furthermore, by agreeing to participate in the implementation of this Agreement, the UN Secretariat undertook a responsibility to ensure that it was properly fulfilled. Instead, my intention has been to determine first of all whether the Agreement was properly implemented and second to assess the UN’s role in its implementation.
I would contend that the first part of this does not require an in depth study of the subject to arrive at an accurate conclusion. A brief examination of the official November 1969 report is all that is needed to conclude that the Agreement was not fulfilled. Under its terms, the Netherlands Indonesia and the UN had an obligation to protect the political rights and freedoms of the Papuans, and to ensure that an act of self determination took place, in accordance with international practice. On both these points, the three parties failed, and they did so deliberately since genuine Papuan self determination was never seen as an option by any of them once the Agreement was signed.
On the UN’s part in the Agreement’s implementation, it is clear that the Secretariat’s priority throughout was to ensure that West New Guinea became a recognized part of Indonesia with the minimum of controversy and disruption. This was the role assigned to the organization by the Americans in 1962, and U Thant saw no reason not to comply. It was Cold War politics, and the rights of the Papuans counted for nothing. Indeed it would have been extraordinary if things had turned out otherwise.
To fulfill its task, the UN Secretariat tolerated Indonesian interference and intimidation of the population during the temporary UN administration of the territory. Shortly afterwards, it collaborated with the Dutch and Indonesians in agreeing privately to abandon the use of any direct voting system for Papuan self-determination. In the year leading up to the Act, the Secretariat’s objective was to minimize the potential for international criticism by ensuring the appearance of a sufficient level of genuine Papuan participation, while obtaining the desired result.
To achieve this they made a number of suggestions to Jakarta. Ortiz Sanz’s “mixed method” was one example (as previously mentioned, there is some uncertainty as to The plan’s origin; it may or may not have been originally devised by Ortiz Sanz). Another was their attempt to make sure that some Papuans participated in the process of selecting additional representatives for the final assemblies. Both U Thant and Ortiz Sanz emphasized privately and publicly their concern that there be some democratic dimension to these selections. In the Secretary General’s final report, much was made of Jakarta’s agreement to hold fresh elections in a few of the many areas where no UN officials had been present. In reality, though, this was nothing more than token gesture, and one can conclude that there was no genuine participation by the people in these selection processes. In the end, the unanimous decision by 1,022 to remain with Indonesia made a mockery of the UN’s endeavors, despite an apparent final effort by Rolz Bennett who, according to Markin, had confidentially urged Jakarta to record some negative votes, “to give the outcome the appearance of legitimacy.”92 One can argue however that the lack of international interest in the Act made their failure largely irrelevant at the time.
With the realization that Indonesia was going to ignore their recommendations on this issue, the UN chose to cooperate with Jakarta in its efforts to stifle any international criticism of the way the referendum in West Irian had been handled. In this effort they were assisted by other states including the Netherlands, Australia, the UK. These countries all privately lobbied other countries, particularly in which seemed most likely to condemn the result. Furthermore, Ortiz Sanz stated in his report to the UNGA that the majority of petitions he received from Papuans were pro-Indonesian; he made this assertion despite the fact that he must have known it to be false.
In the end, one can say that Ortiz Sanz’s task was a thankless one, since he was condemned by the Indonesian press as a Papuan sympathizer, and criticized by a number of Western diplomats for his timidity in defending the Papuans. To this day however, he maintains that the method adopted was the most democratic possible under the circumstances and that the final result was “wise and sensible.”93
To conclude, the UN was an active participant in the systematic undermining of the New York Agreement, but its actions were initiated and supported by Washington, Jakarta, and the Hague. In acting as they did, U Thant and the UN Secretariat allowed the UN to involve itself in a dishonest process which deliberately denied the Papuans political and human rights.
On December 10, 1999, Dutch Foreign Minister Van Aartson announced that he would initiate a historical re examination of the circumstances surrounding the Act. Van Middelkoop, the MP who was behind the proposal replied “….finally we can look the Papuans straight in the eyes.”94 It remains to be seen whether the UN will agree to join the Dutch in returning again to this particular episode from its past.
1Memo of a conversation in Washington between William Lacy (Assistant Chief of Staff Southeast Asian Affairs), Jacob Beam (American Consul General designate at Batavia), and Soedjatmoko (representative of the Indonesian Republic), September 14, 1949, in US Foreign Relations 1949, vol. VII, Indonesia (Washington, DO Department of State Printing Office).
2John Reinhardt, Foreign Policy and National Integration: The Case of Indonesia. Monograph Series no. 17, (New Haven: Yale University South East Asian Studies, 1971), p. 67.
3Howard P. Jones, Indonesia the Possible Dream (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971), p. 203.
4Robert Komer, National Security Council Staff to C. Kaysen, presidential assistant for National Security Affairs, February 2, 1962, in US Foreign Relations 1961 1963, ed, Ed. Keefer, vol. XXIII, Southeast Asia (Washington, DC: Dept. of State Printing Office, 1994), p. 512.
5For a detailed analysis of US involvement in the Dutch/Indonesian negotiations of 1962, see Terrence Markin, ‘The West New Guinea Dispute. How the Kennedy Administration Resolved that ‘Other’ Southeast Asian Conflict” (PhD dissertation, Johns Hopkins University, 1966).
6For a brief description of the UN administration of west New Guinea (UNTEA) October 1, 1962 to May 1, 1963, see John Saltford, “Subjects of the Secretary-General West New Guinea 1962 t0 1963,” Pacific Islands Monthly (Fiji, January 2000): 48-49.
7Peter Hastings, “West Irian. A Ticking Time Bomb,” in Australian, August 5,1968.
8Report of a conversation between Reynders, US Embassy, Jakarta, and Ian Morgan, British Embassy, Jakarta, April 9, 1968. Public Record Office (hereafter PRO) UK. FCO 15/162. DH1/7.
10J. M. Sutherland, British Embassy, Jakarta, to Donald Murray, Foreign Office Southeast Asian Department (SEAD), July 2,1968. PRO: FCO 15/189 DH1/7.
11New York Agreement, August 15, 1962, Article XVIII
12US Jakarta consular official Reynders believed that the Free Papua Movement (OPM) could probably get arms from Communist China if necessary. Quoted in Morgan, April 9, 1968. PRO FCO 15/162; Peter Hastings referred to the belief by many Indonesian officials that the OPM was funded by China which he thought feasible. “The Money and Strength behind the Militant Groups” Australian, August 6,1968.
13Information given by La Porta, First Secretary US Embassy, Jakarta, to Alan Mason, British Embassy, Jakarta. Contained in a letter from mason to David F. B. Le Breton, South West Pacific Department (SWPD) of the British Foreign Office, June 10, 1969. PRO: FCO 24/448 (FWD 1/4).
14 P. R. Spendlove, British Embassy, Washington, to K. Hamylon Jones, SEAD Foreign Office, June 3,1969. PRO: FCO, 24/448.
15 V. Kremenyuk, “Referendum in West Irian,” International Affairs (Moscow, January 1969): 93. Quoted in Van der Kroef, “Indonesia and West New Guinea,” Orbis (Quarterly Journal of World Affairs. Foreign Policy Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA) XIV,2 Summer 1970): 386
16 D. F. B. Le Breton to Richard Neilson, British High Commission, Canberra, July 17, 1969. PRO: FCO 24/448; Sir Patrick Shaw, Australian Ambassador to the UN, New York, to Department of External Relations, Canberra, September 4, 1969. National Archives of Australia, Canberra (hereafter NAA). Extracts of early release documents kindly given to author by Anthony Balmain, SBS Television, Australia.
17 1. J. M. Sutherland to D. Murray, ‘Foreign Office Southeast Asian Department, April 30,1968. PRO: FCO 15/162 DH1/7.
18 D. Murray, Foreign Office Southeast Asian Department, July 26, 1968. PRO: FCO N/162 DH1/7.
19 D. J. Wyatt, British High Commission, Canberra, to D. Murray, Foreign Office Southeast Asian Department, May 25, 1968. PRO: FCO 15/162 DH1/7.
20 United Nations General Assembly Official Records. Agenda Item 98, Annexes, 24 Session; “Agreement Between the Republic of Indonesia and the Kingdom of the Netherlands concerning West New Guinea (West Irian)”: Report by the Secretary General regarding the Act of Self Determination in West Irian. Document 7723 (November 6,1969), Annex I, report by the Representative of the Secretary General in West Irian, paragraph 11.
21Memo from D. Hay, Australian Mission to the UN, to Department External Affairs, June 18,1964. NAA: A1838/280, 3036/6/1 pt. 83.
22Oritz Sanz to U Thant, September 7,1968. UN Archives, New York (hereafter UN), Series 100, Box 1, File 3.
25Ortiz Sanz to Indonesian Ambassador Sudjarwo Tjondronegoro, November 21,1968. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 5.
26Australian Embassy, Washington, to Department of External Affairs, May 21,1963. NAA: A1838/280, 3036/6/1 pt. 83.
27Australian Embassy, Jakarta, to Department of External Affairs, June 12,1964; Memo from Australian Mission to the UN to Department of External Affairs, June 16,1964. NAA: A1838/280, 3036/6/1 pt. 83.
28United Nations General Assembly Official Records. Agenda Item 98, Annexes, 24 Session; “Agreement Between the Republic of Indonesia and the Kingdom of the Netherlands concerning West New Guinea (West Irian)”: Report by the Secretary General regarding the Act of Self Determination in West Irian. Document A/7723 (November 6,1969), Annex I report by the Representative of the Secretary General in West Irian, paragraph 57.
29Ortiz Sanz to Indonesian Ambassador Sudjarwo Tjondronegoro, November 21, 1968. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 5.
30Indonesian Ambassador Sudjarwo Tjondronegoro to Ortiz Sanz, November 21, 1968. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 4.
31Mason to D. F. B. Le Breton, April 3, 1969. PRO: FCO 24/447,
32Summary of Jack W. Lydman’s report, July 18, 1969 in NAA. Extracts given to author by Anthony Balmain.
33Ortiz Sanz to Rolz Bennett, December 18,1968. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 3.
35Rolz Bennett to Ortiz Sanz, January 2, 1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 3.
36Terrence Markin, The West New Guinea Dispute, pp. 479 480.
37Brian May, The Indonesian Tragedy (Boston: Routledge, and London: Keegan Paul Henry, 1978) p. 171; J. Van der Kroef, “Indonesia and West New Guinea: The New Dimensions of Conflict,” Orbis XIV, 2 (Summer 1970): 387.
38Rolz Bennett to Ortiz Sanz, January 30, 1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 3.
39Quoted in a letter from I. J. M. Sutherland, British Embassy, Jakarta, to D. Aiers, SWPD Foreign Office. PRO: FCO 24/449 (FWD 1/4).
40Sir Patrick Shaw to Department of External Affairs, April 8, 1968. NAA: A452 T29, 68/2581.
41Decree of the Minister of Home Affairs, Chairman of the West Irian sector No. 31, 1969, on the establishment of the Consultative Assembly for the “Act of Free Choice”: Regency Merauke. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 4.
42Ortiz Sanz to Rolz Bennett, February 14, 1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 4; Interview with Ortiz Sanz by Dutch Journalist Stephane Alonso Casale, December 15,1999. Extracts kindly given to author by Casale. See also articles by Casale in NRC Handelsblad (Dutch national newspaper), March 4, 2000.
43Sudjarwo to Ortiz Sanz, February 18, 1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 5.
44UNGA Official Records MM ex 1, para. 126.
45Ibid., Annex 2, para. 24.
46Rolz Bennett Note for the record of the meeting between himself, U Thant, Sudjarwo, and Indonesian Ambassador Abdulgani in New MM York, January 23,1969. UN DAG 1/223:9.
47UNGA Official Records, 1, para. 141.
48Ibid., paragraphs 142 and 145.
49Six lists of summaries of political communications from unidentified Papuans to Ortiz Sanz, August 1968 to April 1969 UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 5.
50Ortiz Sanz to Rolz Bennett, February 14, 1969, UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 4.
51Rolz Bennett to Ortiz Sanz (cable No. 125), March 18,1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1.
52Ortiz Sanz to Rolz Bennett (cable No. UNWRI SKU 22), March 29,1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1.
53Draft of UN press release, March 18,1969. UN: DAG 1/ 2.2.3: 9.
54Ortiz Sanz to Rolz Bennett (cable No. UNRWI SKU 24), April 12,1969. UN: DAG 1/ 2.2.3:9.
55Ortiz Sanz to Rolz Bennett, June 14, 1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 4.
56Rolz Bennett to Ortiz Sanz, April 17, 1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 2.
57Robin Osborne, Indonesia’s Secret War (Sydney, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 1985), p. 42.
58Brian May, The Indonesian Tragedy, p. 173; Carmel Budiardjo and Liem Soei Liong, West Papua: The Obliteration of a People (London: Tapol, 1985), p. 21. May specifically states that a Captain Harsono flying a B 26 Bomber (No. B267) had strafed the town of Enarotali.
59Ortiz Sanz to Rolz Bennett (cable No. UNRWI JKT 51), May 8, 1969. UN: DAG 1/ 2.23:9.
60Rolz Bennett to Ortiz Sanz (cable No. 244), May 7,1969. PIZ DAG 1/ 2.2.3: 9.
61UNGA Official Records, Annex 1, para. 157.
62Ortiz Sanz to Rolz Bennett (cable No. UNRWI JKT 55), May 12, 1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 1.
64Rolz Bennett to Ortiz Sanz (cable No. 258), May 16, 1969. UN: DAG 1/2.2.3: 9.
65Rolz Bennett to Ortiz Sanz (cable No. 250), May 9, 1969. UN: DAG 1/ 2.2.3: 9.
66Ortiz Sanz to Sudjarwo, May 27,1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 5.
67Sudjarwo to Ortiz Sanz, June 14, 1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 5.
68Hugh Lunn, Australian, August 21,1999.
69Ortiz Sanz to Rolz Bennett, June 14, 1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1, File 4.
70Rolz Bennett to Ortiz Sanz (cable No. 337), June 21, 1969. UN: Series 100, Box 1.
71UNGA Official Records, Annex 1, para. 182.
72Ibid., Annex 1, paragraphs 189 200.
73Reverend Origenes Hokujoku quoted in Algemeen Dagblad (Netherlands), December 12,1988.
74UNGA Official Records, Annex 1, paragraphs 189 200.
75Australian Journal of Politics and History, vol. XVI (July to December 1969): 9.
76Sydney Morning Herald, editorial, July 14, 1969.
77UNGA Official Records, Annex 1, paragraphs 201 207.
78Brian May, The Indonesian Tragedy, p. 192.
79Hugh Lunn, Australian, August 21,1999.
80UNGA Official Records, Annex 1, paragraphs 208 213.
81Brian May, The Indonesian Tragedy, p. 192.
82Hugh Lunn, Australian, August 21,1999.
83UNGA Official Records, Annex 1, paragraphs 214 238.
84Ibid., paragraphs 329 244.
85Brian May, The Indonesian Tragedy, p. 193.
86D. Parson, UK Mission to the UN, to D. F. B. Le Breton, July 17, 1969. PRO: FCO 24/449, (FWD 1/4).
87UNGA Official Records, Annex 1, para. 253.
88United Nations Official Records: 1812th Plenary Meeting of the UN General Assembly, agenda item 98. A/L576. November 19, 1969.
89William Henderson, West New Guinea, the Dispute and its Settlement (South Orange, NJ: Seton Hall University Press, 1973), p. 252.
90Rein Mullerson, International Law, Rights and Politics (London. Routledge, 1994), pp. 77 78.
91C. Stavropoulos, UN Legal Adviser, to U Thant, June 29, 1962. Attached to back of memo from Stavropoulos to Rolz Bennett, July 17, 1969. UN: Series 100, Box 2, File 7.
92Interview by Terrence Markin with Johan B. P. Maramis, Indonesian Mission to UN in 1969, December 3,1990. Quoted in Markin, “The West New Guinea Dispute,” p. 480.
93Interview by Casale with Ortiz Sanz, December 15, 1999.
94Algemeen Dagblad (Netherlands), December 10, 1999. | <urn:uuid:f5a7c2f9-0683-496b-a49d-a1f9f4e534cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ipwp.org/background/act-of-free-choice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.967064 | 14,401 | 2.796875 | 3 |
- Case report
- Open Access
Septic pulmonary embolism associated with periodontal disease: a case report and literature review
BMC Infectious Diseases volume 19, Article number: 74 (2019)
Periodontal disease, including periodontitis, has been reported to be a rare cause of septic pulmonary embolism (SPE). It is however extremely difficult to isolate the causative pathogen of periodontal disease-associated SPE from blood cultures of these patients.
In this study, an 85-year-old Japanese man was admitted with fever and worsening malaise. He was later noted to have multiple bilateral subpleural pulmonary nodules on chest computed tomography scan. After admission, Parvimonas micra (P. micra) was isolated from his blood culture. This was followed by a meticulous search for the primary source of SPE, focusing on the head and neck areas. Consequently, apical periodontitis and infratemporal fossa abscess were identified as the primary sources of SPE. Although P. micra is one of the most frequently detected bacteria in the infected root canals of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis, it has rarely been proven as a causative pathogen of periodontal disease-associated SPE.
This case study demonstrated that periodontal disease is an important primary source of SPE and P. micra could be a causative pathogen of SPE.
Septic pulmonary embolism (SPE) is a rare disorder that generally presents with an insidious onset of fever, respiratory symptoms, and lung infiltrates. SPE is usually associated with tricuspid valve infectious endocarditis (IE), infected central venous catheters, septic thrombophlebitis including Lemierre’s syndrome, and skin and soft tissue infections . Periodontal disease, including periodontitis, has been reported to be a less common but important cause of SPE [2, 3]. However, it is difficult to identify the causative pathogen of periodontal disease-associated SPE, likely due to inappropriate culturing and sample collection techniques [1, 2]. Oropharyngeal anaerobic organisms, except for Fusobacterium species, an important causative bacterium for Lemierre’s syndrome, grow infrequently in the blood cultures of SPE patients.
Here, we report a case of periodontal disease-associated SPE caused by Parvimonas micra (P. micra) which was identified by blood culture tests, and later successfully treated with a combination therapy of antibiotics along with aspiration and drainage of the concurrent infratemporal fossa abscess.
An 85-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital with a two-day history of fever and worsening malaise. He denied respiratory tract symptoms. The patient had a medical history of diabetes mellitus (hemoglobin A1c level, 7.0%), but no past medical history of pulmonary disease. On admission, his vital signs were recorded as follows: heart rate, 90 beats/min; blood pressure, 123/77 mmHg; room-air oxygen saturation, 94%; respiratory rate, 19 breaths/min; and body temperature, 38.2 °C. Based on the laboratory test results, the patient was diagnosed with leukocytosis (12,000 cells/μL) and showed elevated levels of C-reactive protein (18.8 mg/dL); however, his liver and renal functions were normal. A chest radiograph showed multiple small pulmonary infiltrates in both lungs. Additional chest computed tomography (CT) scan revealed multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules mainly in subpleural areas (Fig. 1, left panel), suggesting the diagnosis of SPE.
While searching for the primary source of infection, transthoracic echocardiography was performed multiple times (on the day of admission and 5 days after admission), and showed the absence of vegetation on the heart valves. Additionally, contrast-enhanced CT scan of the neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis revealed neither an abscess nor suppurative thrombosis on the day of admission. After collection of the blood sample, empiric treatment with meropenem (1 g every 8 h) and vancomycin (1 g every 12 h) was initiated. On the 3rd day of hospital stay, the blood culture with a BacT/ALERT 3D system (BioMérieux, France) was found to be positive for P. micra, identified by RapID-ANA II system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Atlanta, Ga), a qualitative micromethod employing conventional and chromogenic substrates for the identification of anaerobic bacteria. The isolate was highly susceptible to all β-lactams, clindamycin, and carbapenems. Repeated physical assessment to detect the source of infection revealed mild tenderness on the left temple. Oral examination by a dentist showed periapical periodontitis at the root of the second left maxillary premolar. Further, contrast-enhanced facial CT scan identified an abscess in the infratemporal fossa (Fig. 2a), and thus puncture drainage of pus was performed on the 9th day of hospital stay (Fig. 2b). Following a review of susceptibility test results, we changed the antibiotics to ampicillin-sulbactam (3 g every 8 h), targeting P. micra and all possible anaerobic bacteria. Although Gram stain of the sample taken from the infratemporal fossa abscess showed positive staining for polymicrobial patterns of Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative rod strains, only Prevotella oris (not P. micra) was isolated from culture of the abscess. The isolation same method was used for Prevotella oris and P. micra. Isolated Prevotella oris was susceptible to ampicillin-sulbactam, clindamycin, and carbapenems, but intermediately susceptible to penicillin and ampicillin. P. micra was not recovered from the infratemporal fossa abscess, probably due to the effect of ampicillin-sulbactam and difficulty in culturing anaerobic organisms.
Thus, we diagnosed this case as periodontal disease-associated SPE and infratemporal fossa abscess. Following combined treatment with ampicillin-sulbactam, tooth extraction, and puncture drainage of the infratemporal fossa abscess, the patient’s symptoms including fever and malaise gradually improved (Fig. 3). Intravenous antibiotic therapy with ampicillin-sulbactam was administered for 4 weeks, followed by continued oral treatment with clindamycin for 4 weeks. We confirmed complete remission of the lung lesions by CT scan (Fig. 1, right panel), and there has been no recurrence of symptoms after discontinuation of antibiotics.
Discussion and conclusions
Herein, we present a case in which periodontal disease was the primary source of SPE and P. micra was identified as a causative pathogen of periodontal disease-associated SPE by blood culture.
Common causes of SPE include intravenous drug use, IE of the tricuspid valve, septic thrombophlebitis, indwelling intravascular catheters, and skin and soft tissue infection . Periodontal disease, including periodontitis and peri-apical abscess has been reported to be infrequent but closely associated with SPE. According to a previous systematic review of SPE due to all causes , blood cultures dominantly grew methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in 48 of 168 cases (28.6%) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in 27 of 168 cases (16.1%), and SPE was associated with a poor prognosis and 10.1% mortality. On the other hand, isolation of the causative pathogen has been rare for periodontal disease-associated SPE [2, 4]; hence, little is known about its etiology.
We searched PubMed and Ichushi-Web (Japan Medical Abstracts Society: JAMAS) databases for journal articles written in English and Japanese, using the search terms ‘Septic pulmonary embolism’ and ‘periodontal disease’ or ‘periodontitis’. Articles published from January 1, 1980 to September 1, 2018 were included. A literature review disclosed thirty-seven previously reported cases of periodontal disease-associated SPE including the present case (Table 1) [2, 3, 5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. The case definition for periodontal disease-associated SPE included: (A) focal or multifocal lung filtrates compatible with septic embolism to the lung, (B) presence of periodontal disease, and (C) absence of other active extrapulmonary infection as a potential cause of SPE, which were confirmed for each case of previously reported periodontal disease-associated SPE. The definition was a slightly modified version of those reported by Cook et al. and Hatani et al. .
The mean age of the patients with periodontal disease-associated SPE was 60.4 (range, 24–85) years. All cases were community-acquired. In addition, we confirmed a male preponderance of periodontal disease-associated SPE (83.7%). In previous studies, it was shown that men had higher prevalence and severity of periodontal destruction compared to women [19, 20]. The age group most commonly affected by periodontal disease-associated SPE was older than that of the entire cases of SPE [1, 4]. It was reported that the prevalence of periodontitis increases with age up to ages 55–59 years, with reduction in the older age population due to the loss of affected teeth . Thus, it is possible that the middle-aged population and men are at risk of periodontal disease-associated SPE.
Culture findings of pus and blood were positive in only four (10.8%) and three (8.1%) cases of periodontal disease-associated SPE, respectively. Indigenous oral bacteria such as P. micra, Prevotella oris, Streptococcus intermedius, Actinomyces species, and Peptostreptococcus species were mainly isolated as causative pathogens. The isolation rate of the causative pathogen in periodontal disease-associated SPE was significantly lower than that of SPE due to common causes including intravenous drug use, IE of the tricuspid valve, and septic thrombophlebitis . We speculate that this discrepancy may be due to difficulties in culturing fastidious bacteria from the oral cavity, inappropriate prescription of antibiotics before blood was drawn for culture, and intermittent and low-load bacteremia. Although dental disease and treatment have been reported to be associated with IE , none of the patients with periodontal disease-associated SPE was diagnosed with IE. The reason for the lack of correlation between periodontal disease-associated SPE and IE is not clear. However, one reason is that the patients with periodontal disease-associated SPE did not have risk factors for IE, including presence of a prosthetic heart valve, prior IE, and complex congenital heart diseases, except for one patient .
In contrast to all cases of SPE in general, periodontal disease-associated SPE was successfully treated with antibiotics in addition to periodontal surgery. No patient died due to periodontal disease-associated SPE, suggesting that periodontal disease-associated SPE has a good prognosis.
In our case, P. micra was isolated as the causative organism of SPE, as confirmed by the positive blood culture result. P. micra is a Gram-positive anaerobic coccus normally found in the oral cavity, respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, and female genitourinary tract. Originally known as Peptostreptococcus micros, the Gram-positive anaerobic coccus was reclassified as P. micra in 2006 . P. micra is one of the bacterial species most frequently isolated from the infected root canals of teeth with chronic apical periodontitis . P. micra has also been implicated in meningitis , cervical and brain abscess [27, 28], IE , and spondylodiscitis . In a literature review of 30 cases of P. micra infection, positive blood culture results were obtained in 11 cases (36.7%), including valvular infection (4 cases), vertebral infection (5 cases), infection of the meninges (1 case), and pulmonary and head and neck infection (1 case) . In that study, 16 of 30 cases (53.3%) of P. micra infection showed the presence of risk factors for underlying diseases such as tooth extraction and periodontitis. To our knowledge, SPE due to P. micra has been previously described in one case, in which periodontal disease was not diagnosed by a dentist . P. micra is usually susceptible to antibiotics such as penicillin, clindamycin, metronidazole, and imipenem; however, strains resistant to penicillin, clindamycin, and metronidazole have been reported [33, 34].
In conclusion, we report a rare case of periodontal disease-associated SPE in which P. micra could be the causative pathogen. It is likely that clinicians get confused when they encounter cases of SPE without major risk factors such as intravenous drug use, IE of the tricuspid valve, septic thrombophlebitis, and indwelling intravascular catheters. In such cases, periodontal disease could be an important source of SPE, and careful oral examination aimed at identifying the primary source of infection and causative pathogen, including anaerobes, may lead to appropriate and effective treatments for this condition.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus
- P. micra :
Septic pulmonary embolism
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The authors would like to acknowledge all of the members at Department of Rheumatology, Chubu Rosai Hospital and Division of General Internal Medicine, Nagoya Red Cross Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
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Watanabe, T., Yokoe, M. & Noguchi, Y. Septic pulmonary embolism associated with periodontal disease: a case report and literature review. BMC Infect Dis 19, 74 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-3710-3
- Periodontal disease
- Septic pulmonary embolism
- Parvimonas micra | <urn:uuid:dfd2f911-d659-415a-86b4-0a936d43623f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-019-3710-3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.879665 | 5,625 | 1.835938 | 2 |
The bivalve Anopaea (Inoceramidae) from the Upper Jurassic-lowermost Cretaceous of Mexico
In Mexico, the Upper Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous La Casita and coeval La Caja and La Pimienta formations are well-known for their abundant and well-preserved marine vertebrates and invertebrates. The latter include conspicuous inoceramid bivalves of the genus Anopaea not formally described previously from Mexico. Anopaea bassei (Lecolle de Cantú, 1967), Anopaea cf. stoliczkai (Holdhaus, 1913), Anopaea cf. callistoensis Crame and Kelly, 1995 and Anopaea sp. are rare constituents in distinctive Tithonian–lower Berriasian levels of the La Caja Formation and one Tithonian horizon of the La Pimienta Formation. Anopaea bassei was previously documented from the Tithonian of central Mexico and Cuba, while most other members of Anopaea described here are only known from southern high latitudes. The Mexican assemblage also includes taxa which closely resemble Anopaea stoliczkai from the Tithonian of India, Indonesia and the Antarctic Peninsula, and Anopaea callistoensis from the late Tithonian to ?early Berriasian of the Antarctic Peninsula. Our new data expand the palaeogeographical distribution of the high latitude Anopaea to the Gulf of Mexico region and substantiate faunal exchange, in the Late Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous, between Mexico and the Antarctic Realm.
Authors: Zell, Patrick, Crame, J. Alistair ORCID record for J. Alistair Crame, Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang, Beckmann, Seija | <urn:uuid:d1739806-2e8c-429a-b981-0691159a16a4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bas.ac.uk/data/our-data/publication/the-bivalve-anopaea-inoceramidae-from-the-upper-jurassic-lowermost-cretaceous-of/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.867477 | 390 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Sunday, March 2, 2014
Ukraine Crimea Russia USA: John Kerry shut up
Ukraine Crimea Russia USA:
John Kerry shut up
There is trouble in the Ukraine and part of the country is an autonomous region known as the Crimea. The Crimea is an odd shape peninsular in the Black Sea. This has been the home of the Russian Black Sea Fleet for over two-hundred years. The Russian naval base there is an important link in their security.
Around 58% of the Crimean population are ethnic Russian and the language is Russian. With all this, President Obama (Democrat) and that worthless United States Secretary of State John Kerrey warned Russia not to intervene in the Ukraine or the Crimea. Worthless John Kerrey is fishing for a Nobel Peace Prize, while President Obama is looking for another region of the world to leave in political ruin.
Russian President Vladimir Putin may want to tell John Kerry he is stupid and respectfully tell President Obama to mind his own business. Would the dope John Kerry and President Obama approve if Russia tried to interject into Canadian or Mexican affairs?
As of 1 March, 2014: Russian troops occupy the Crimea to protect their national interest. Now let’s see what President Obama is going to do since he warned the Russians. What a joke the USA is seen throughout the world because of President Obama and that thing John Kerry.
Link to Texas Daddy store: | <urn:uuid:640a54f8-7d92-4af8-b03a-daf0351b21b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://propaganda-buster.blogspot.com/2014/03/ukraine-crimea-russia-usa-john-kerry.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.928296 | 365 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Players will learn to make quick crisp passes.
- For this drill you need one cone, two players, and a ball.
How it Works
- Set one player about 15 yards from the cone.
- Another player should stand with the ball right next to the cone.
- The player with the ball will pass to the other player.
- Then the player who just passed the ball will circle the cone and get a crisp return pass.
- The player should receive the ball and kick it back and then repeat the process several times.
- Rotate players to the side of the cone so they get equal rotations and reps.
- You can make this more difficult by requiring the players to do one touch passes.
- This drill will help teach players how to receive the ball on the move and how to trap and make good passes. It will also help with footwork and conditioning. | <urn:uuid:ca5be38f-867c-4e87-bf58-562207dd0335> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://esoccerdrills.com/circle-the-cone/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.950336 | 196 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Success does not come as a result of what you do alone. But as a result of who you become. If you’re looking for some tips on how to be successful and accomplish your goals or experience financial freedom, here are the seven keys to success in life.
95% of your ability to succeed in business, in your studies as a student, or as an Entrepreneur lies in your hand. Once you realize this, you will start taking responsibility for your life.
The question now is- how do I become successful?
Success means different things to different people. No matter what it means to you, here are the 7 secrets that will help you to excel in whatever you’re pursuing in life.
Seven tips on how to be successful
1. Set clear goals for yourself
The law of success requires you to be sure of what you want. Have a clear vision of the type of life you want, or what you’re planning to achieve.
Research shows that setting clear goals helps guide your focus. Once your vision or dreams are not clearer to you, you will easily give up when challenges come. And successful people don’t give up on their goals. Rather, they fight endlessly until they succeed.
Know what you really want to achieve in life. For instance, as a business person or an Entrepreneur, how much money are you targeting to generate from your business?
As a Student, what grades are you desiring to have? Having these goals in mind will help you stay focus. Therefore, have a good plan and stick to it.
2. Pay the necessary price needed for success
Nothing goes for nothing. Life does not give you what you desire, but what you deserve.
To become successful, you must be willing to make the necessary sacrifices like; working hard, sacrificing your time, money, and pleasures. Apart from that, try to inculcate self-discipline in your life. All these habits will help you to accomplish your goals in life.
One of the problems we have is that we wish everything to come through without stressing ourselves. But life does not happen that way.
Success does not come by merely looking at your dreams, or wishing them to come through. It requires you to come out of your comfort zone.
It requires you to give up those friends or activities that draw you back from accomplishing your goals.
Successful people accomplish their goals simply because they do those things unsuccessful people don’t like doing. Not because they enjoy it, but they know they’re the requirements for success.
3. Learn from your past mistakes
Mistakes are inevitable. Every successful person has a time when they made a costly mistake. But the difference is, are you ready to learn from your past failures?
There is no doubt that failure is the secret to success. To become successful, you must be willing to embrace failure and learn the life lessons it brings.
That you failed a task or had a loss instead of gain in your business does not mean you’re a failure.
That you failed an examination as a student does not also mean you’re a failure. It is only a sign that there is something you’re not doing right. And your ability to figure out those mistakes and work on them will make you successful.
4. Associate with success-minded people
Iron sharpens iron. He that walks with wise people shall also be wise. But a companion of fools shall be destroyed.
The same thing is applicable to success. When you associate with those who have succeeded in the area you’re trying to rise, they will reveal to you the secrets of their success.
Success has a key. And those who have already opened it will be in a better position to tell you the particular key you should use.
Therefore, do not underestimate the power of association. Mingle with friends who have the passion to succeed. They will inculcate a success mindset in you.
5. Get rid of negative feelings and mindset
Your attitude to life contributes to the dimension you will reach in life.
Have a failure and impossibility mindset, and be ready to fail. But if you can always believe in yourself, there is nothing you cannot achieve in life. All things are possible to them that believe.
Our mind controls everything we do in life. Out of it are the issues of life. Therefore, guide it with jealousy. Get rid of negative emotions holding you from moving.
It can be doubt, fear, or lack of self-confidence. Say ‘no’ to bad feelings you have about yourself, and discouragement as well.
6. Deal with laziness and procrastination
Laziness and procrastination can stop you from accomplishing your goals in life. They are killers of time.
To overcome laziness and procrastination in your life, figure out what motivates you. It can be listening to music, visiting certain kinds of friends, or reading motivational quotes.
7. Manage your time properly
Time is very necessary for life. A waste of it can result in failure.
Managing your time properly is all about knowing what you should do, and doing it as at when due.
Successful people have the habit of pursuing their goals even when they don’t feel like it.
Avoid wasting your time on social media, or engaging in activities that add no value to your life.
Form the habit of setting a timetable and make sure you accomplish those tasks before the day runs out.
Also, try and eliminate distractions in order to stay focus.
Life is not a bed of roses. It takes something to get something.
In summary, below are the 7 tips that will make you successful in life.
- Set clear goals for yourself
- Pay the necessary price
- Learn from your past mistakes
- Associate with success-minded people
- Get rid of negative feelings and mindset
- Deal with laziness and procrastination
- Manage your time properly | <urn:uuid:ed030bce-4c70-411b-88d0-a1fc113b109c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://powerfulsight.com/how-to-be-successful/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.957171 | 1,248 | 2.15625 | 2 |
What You Will Learn
Respiratory therapists assist physicians in diagnosing breathing disorders, assessing patients and recommending changes in the therapeutic approach to patient care. In addition to delivering treatment and bedside care, respiratory therapists draw and analyze arterial blood, manage artificial airways and life support devices such as mechanical ventilators.
Why Study at CCM?
Full time and adjunct faculty have diverse educational and professional backgrounds and the faculty to student ratio at CCM is very low in the classroom, laboratory and clinical setting. Students have access to a technologically advanced education. The Respiratory Therapy Laboratory is state-of-the art and equipped with ventilators, intubation devices, spirometers, and arterial blood gas monitors.
Registered Respiratory Therapists work in a variety of settings including: Hospitals, Intensive Care Units, Emergency Rooms, Newborn and Pediatric Intensive Care Units, Operating Rooms, Home Care, Sleep Laboratories, Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Physician Offices, Smoking Cessation, Air Transport | <urn:uuid:b01c3404-5772-48c0-ab88-3681e18904c5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ccm.edu/academics/divdep/health-professions-natural-sciences/department-of-allied-health-old/respiratory-therapy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.902847 | 216 | 2.1875 | 2 |
The USA is hit by two natural disasters: While there are fires in California, there were devastating floods in other parts of the country.
After the devastating floods in the US state of Kentucky, hundreds of people are missing in the disaster area. “There are hundreds of people missing, at least,” Kentucky Gov. Andy Beshear said Monday after visiting the disaster area the previous day. According to Beshears, the number of deaths has meanwhile increased 17 on. “More bad news,” the governor wrote on Twitter. “We have now 35 victims.”
After heavy rains, there were flash floods and landslides in Kentucky and in the neighboring states of Virginia and West Virginia to the east in the middle of last week. In many places, people were surprised by the water in their houses on Thursday night.
Two fatalities discovered after forest fire
On the other On the US side, a new major fire in the state of California killed two people and forced thousands to flee. The two fatalities were discovered in a burned-out car in the driveway of a house, the police said on Monday. More than 24. acres of land have been damaged by the so-called McKinney Fire in the north of the state already burned. | <urn:uuid:4a7fb7de-384d-4850-8f86-8e6bc444bea0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.changinggears.info/usa-at-least-37-people-die-in-forest-fires-and-floods/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.980872 | 257 | 2.296875 | 2 |
A team of doctors at a state-run hospital in Arunachal Pradesh on Tuesday successfully conducted a caesarean section on a pregnant woman who is infected with coronavirus, a senior official said.
The woman delivered a boy at around 7.20 PM at Tomo Riba Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (TRIHMS), the hospital’s Deputy Chief Medical Superintendent Dr Taw Kaki said.
She is the first coronavirus infected woman to give birth to a baby in the Northeastern state.
“Both the mother and the baby are doing fine. They are now together. As she is a COVID-19 patient, we will have to take a decision on whether or not the newborn will remain with the mother,” Kaki said.
The woman, who was initially admitted at the Rama Krishna Mission Hospital, was referred to TRIHMS on Tuesday after she tested positive for COVID-19.
“The woman will be treated like other Covid-19 patients and will be kept in the hospital till she recovers from the infection,” TRIHMS Director Dr Moji Jini told reporters.
“She is in the terminal stage of pregnancy. The team of doctors decided to conduct a caesarean section as per the standard operating procedure. This is her third pregnancy,” Kaki said.
TRIHMS is the lone medical college in the state. The RKM Hospital authorities suspended all the services till July 23 after detection of the COVID positive case.
Hospital secretary Swami Vishweshananda said that the OPD, emergency section, labour room and operation theatre will remain closed for three days for sanitisation and screening of health staff for contact tracing.
Jini said that coronavirus cases are rising in the state but the morbidity rate is quite low with only three fatalities which is a good sign and most of the cases are asymptomatic.
Of the total 790 COVID-19 cases in the state, 502 are now active.
Jini said that the government and the health authorities are doing their best to trace the primary and secondary contacts of the positive persons to contain the spread of the virus.
He said that though TRIHMS was converted to a dedicated COVID hospital earlier, arrangements has to be changed in view of the need of other patients.
“Now a block of it has been dedicated to treat coronavirus patients,” Jini said.
Dr Jini added that keeping in view the surge in COVID-19 cases in the Capital Complex, the TRIHMS authorities had requested the state government to identify a suitable place to establish another dedicated hospital.
“Accordingly, the state government has earmarked the newly constructed MLA apartment at Chimpu, near here, which will be converted to a hospital. There will be 20 ICU beds and 30-40 normal beds to keep COVID-19 patients. It will start functioning within a few days,” he added. | <urn:uuid:3e29cbbb-7a16-4d7a-839e-bfac7c9cd6f8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://todaysnews.co.in/covid-19-positive-woman-gives-birth-to-boy-in-arunachal-pradesh/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.960969 | 635 | 1.65625 | 2 |
This is a footage of the vandalization of Cherkos Church, an orthodox church in Tigray. The church is found in Zalambessa town (Tigray-Eritrea border), in area called Lgat in Kebelle Adis Alem. The vandalization happened on Friday, November 20, 2020. The footage is taken from TMH.
A wide-spread destruction of churches and cultural heritage has been reported since the war on Tigray started. A few of them are: a bombing attack on Saint George Church in Mekelle, a gruesome massacre at Ethiopia’s holiest of holies church, Mariam Tsion of Aksum, the damage of Al-Naejashi mosque and the nearby Amanuel Orthodox church, and the alleged bombing of Tigray’s premier monastery of Debre Damo.
Yesterday was the holiday of Timkat, an important holiday to commemorate the baptism of Jesus Christ. The holiday has always been celebrated colorfully in all of Tigray which is the orign of Ethiopia’s Christianity. Yesterday, however, there was no celebration in the whole of Tigray. How and what could Tigrayans celebrate in this darkest moment in their history?
In Addis Abeba and Amhara, however, a political Timkat celebration took place. Looking at footages and photos, one wonders if people were celebrating Timkat or celebrating the destruction of Tigray and the massacre of Tigrayans. | <urn:uuid:acece24b-cb52-4dcc-b686-4be7a7f1ce15> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tghat.com/2021/01/19/a-footage-of-a-destruction-of-a-tigrayan-church-by-the-invading-forces-in-zalambessa/?amp=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.958881 | 300 | 2.109375 | 2 |
At State Fair Community College, most students are able to complete Skills Certificates in less than one year and Professional Certificates in one year. Each student is different, and actual time may vary based on your learning styles, prerequisites, and success.
SFCC offers a variety of Skills and Professional Certificates, students are encouraged to check the current academic catalog for detail by visiting their website at www.sfccmo.edu. In addition to Skills and Professional Certificates, State Fair Community College offers Associate Degrees.
A list of certifications is available on their website at www.sfccmo.edu.
Certifications available to earn in one year at State Fair Community College include Digital Media Communication, Business Management, CIS Programming, Computer Network Admin, Early Childhood Development, Engineering Design Technology, Industrial Maintenance, Medical Assistant, Nurses Aid, Pharmacy Tech, Precision Machining Tech and Welding Technology. | <urn:uuid:8b81ff63-d4ca-404d-bf18-65df6f81b616> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://921news.com/state-fair-community-college-offers-skills-certificates-in-one-year/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.924683 | 189 | 1.945313 | 2 |
The Summit County Library will host the first free screening of Books to Film and a discussion for the new year on Thursday 13 January.
The library will present “Blinded by the Light” by Gurinder Chadha, rated PG-13, at 6 p.m. at the Summit County Library Kimball Junction Branch, 1885 W. Ute Blvd.
The film, which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival 2019, is based on the memoirs of journalist Sarfraz Manzoor in 2007, “Greetings from Bury Park: Race, Religion and Rock N ‘Roll”.
The film follows a teenager, Javed Khan, played by Viveik Kalra, who reconciles with his family, intolerance and life in England with the help of Bruce Springsteen’s music.
“When I first saw the movie on DVD a few years ago, I did not realize it was based on a book,” Compton said. “Once we learned that it was based on memoirs, we knew we had to do it for the club, because I think the audience is really happy.”
You can check the book in the library and audio and e-books are available through the Libby app, according to Compton.
Compton will also host a group discussion after the screening.
“Everyone can watch movies at home, but the reason why we like this program so much and the reason it was successful is because we get interesting prospects from the different group participating in these events.”
Compton enjoys conversations almost as much as he enjoys reading books and watching movies.
“I like to hear how the team feels about these books and movies, and I think Blinded by the Light will be a great example,” he said. “I think it will resonate with anyone who has had to move to a new country and learn the language, culture and customs trying to make your parents proud, who are stuck in their old ways.”
Compton also believes the film will shed light on some of the issues facing immigrants around the world.
“I think it’s good that Sarfraz told his story and I think it will be interesting to hear the team’s perspective on it,” he said.
In addition, “Blinded by the Light” also deals with the power of music, Compton said.
“No matter where they are from or what their background is, people can relate to different kinds of music and, for whatever reason, music can change their lives,” he said. “I think this will also be a good point of discussion.”
The book club is open to anyone, Compton said.
“We have a core group of people who have been coming for years, but you do not need to join to enjoy the books and movies,” he said. “Anyone can just show up, even if they have not read the book. . Sometimes people just show up and stay for the conversation. Sometimes they will not do it, and we do not mind. “We just want people to enjoy art.”
The Summit County Library Books to Film program began in February 2014, Compton said.
“We’ve been going for a while now and trying to pick movies based on novels or memoirs and non-fiction books,” he said. “Hopefully, the movies and books have received a lot of positive reviews. “Sometimes you get one or the other, but we try to find books and movies that are both enjoyable.”
To date, the Summit County Library has scheduled these monthly screenings and discussions until June. (See accompanying box).
“We had to be more creative finding more movies, because a lot of them go straight to Netflix and other streaming platforms,” Compton said. “Therefore, we can not get permission to display them publicly. So, we’re planning some titles that are a little older. “
Because Books to Film screenings take place in person, the library will take steps to ensure social distance, Compton said.
“We try to reach out to people as much as we can and encourage people to wear masks,” he said. “If people want to wear masks or if they forget their own, we will have masks available.”
“Falls down a lot. Unapologetic alcohol guru. Travel specialist. Amateur beer trailblazer. Award-winning tv advocate. Hipster-friendly twitter aficionado” | <urn:uuid:4f4c1c80-7b42-4c90-be40-132f25fc5866> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://videohost4u.net/summit-county-librarys-books-to-film-club-kicks-off-new-year-with-blinded-by-the-light/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.975678 | 952 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Good Morning, this is Chief Science Officer Jennifer Sontag reporting from the bridge of the USS Tiburon currently orbiting planet earth. We have come back to earth for a very special event, the annual National Western Stock Show and Rodeo. It’s located in Denver, Colorado and has been around for 116 years and keeps growing every year. They have events like bull riding, saddle and bareback bronco riding to mutton busting and herding dogs.The rodeo and stock show have something for every member of the family.
This year the Tiburon crew will be beaming down on the 18th to see the rodeo and to peruse the gigantic trade show. Maybe we might pick a hot tub for the ship.
Now for a little history about the stock show. It all started in 1899 in the Denver stockyards which are right across the train tracks from the coliseum. The show actually started in 1906 when the first rodeo was performed in the coliseum and admission price was free for the first couple of years then it increased to .25 a person. The first couple of years people attending the show were introduced to new breeds like herefords, saddlebreds and draft horses like the world famous Budweiser Clyesdales. The show has it’s up and downs with the great depression and WWII but it had always comeback strong and in 2006 set an all time attendence record with 726,792 which hasn’t been broken since, 2014 came close with 640,022. Maybe that record will be broken this year.
I do encourage anyone that hasn’t been to the NWSS to go. It’s not just a rodeo and livestock exhibition but a trade show and much much more. Yes you will see and smell the animals but where else can you pet a horse and buy a steam mop.
This is Fleet Captain Jennifer Sontag,signing off. See you all next time.
AND GO TO THE STOCK SHOW, YOU WON’T REGRET IT!!!!! | <urn:uuid:effe9783-d941-4675-8322-78d806f66c81> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://usstiburon.org/testbed/2015/01/04/its-that-time-of-year-again-rodeo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.960511 | 422 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Welcome to the Z-Wave Virtual Academy Webinar Wednesdays! Compelling and diverse sessions will cover a wide range of topics and perspectives, from manufacturing best practices during a pandemic, to technical deep-dives. As we navigate this new age of social distancing and working from home, please join us to learn more about topics important to everyone in the Z-Wave ecosystem.
Join us on Wednesdays at 12 PM ET
Click the Webinar title below for more information and to register in Zoom.
*Note that this schedule will be updated regularly as the series progresses
May 27, 2020
Manufacturing During a Global Pandemic: Insight & Strategy from Companies Who Are Coping
Avi Rosenthal of Bluesalve Partners, who brings deep knowledge of the manufacturing and product development process, leads this session exploring how smart home an IoT manufacturers and supply chain systems are affected by the current global pandemic, how companies are coping, and strategies on how to move forward.
Who Should Attend: Everyone
Hosted by: Avi Rosenthal – Bluesalve Partners
Avi Rosenthal has been in the connected device industry for over 20 years. He is the currently the Managing Partner of Bluesalve Partners, a full-service consulting firm to the Connected Device industry.
June 3, 2020
Social Distance Sales for Uncertain Times: Tips & Insight for Integrators
Jeremy McLerran of Qolsys discusses strategies for integrators to use to sell and service customers in the time of social distancing. He will discuss process flows, best practices for “White Glove” and “Light Glove” installs, and how to leverage software and the cloud to install and support new and existing customers. Attendees will learn to self-install using Qolsys IQ Panel’s on-screen wizard, powerful Z-Wave and sensor diagnostics, and remote support via Alarm.com, as well as strategies for end-users to install their own systems.
Who Should Attend: Integrators, Everyone
Level: All Levels Welcome
Hosted By: Jeremy McLerran – Qolsys
Jeremy runs marketing for Silicon Valley based security and smart building manufacturer technology manufacturer Qolsys. He and his team focus on creating true partnerships with their customers to provide powerful content marketing and go-to-market strategies to improve sales, support, and brand awareness.
June 10, 2020
Residential Smart Lock Market: Trends, Use-Cases & Opportunities
The residential smart lock market is growing and there’s great demand for simple yet comprehensive solutions. Trends include flexible residential solutions that are easy-to-install and retrofit, keyless and mobile options, simple connectivity to smart home hubs and devices like thermostats and alarms, all-in-one solutions and more. This session from Colin Depree of Salto will discuss the latest trends and solutions for the residential smart lock market,including use-cases and considerations for integrators and decision-makers in the smart home market and beyond.
Who Should Attend: Any company (end-user or professional re-seller/installer) interested in the many benefits from using Smart Locks in their properties as part of an IOT ecosystems
Hosted By: Colin Depree – SALTO Systems
Colin DePree, Residential Business Leader, is tasked with guiding SALTO’s strategy and growth in the smart home and property tech space. Colin brings over ten years of industry experience and a multitude of operational responsibilities including sales leadership, customer experience and software support. He carries a Bachelor of Arts in Economics from Albion College and a Master of Science in Management Information Systems from Florida State University.
June 17, 2020
Z-Wave 700 Series: Getting Started
This session from Silicon Labs will show a live demo of Simplicity Studio and how developers can get up and running with the latest Z-Wave 700 platform, a great session for those new to, or wanting to learn more about developing with Z-Wave.
Who Should Attend: Engineers, Developers
Hosted By: Eric Ryherd – Silicon Labs
Eric Ryherd has been working with Z-Wave since 2003 writing firmware for light switches, sensors, window shades, remote controls and many other Z-Wave IoT devices. As a Silicon Labs FAE he shares his Z-Wave knowledge to help bring even more interoperable products thru development and certification.
June 24, 2020
Strategies for Successful Smart Home Product Design and Manufacturing
Leading ODM IoT product manufacturer and Z-Wave board member LEEDARSON leads this session that will cover strategies and considerations gleaned from years of experience designing and manufacturing for the world’s leading smart home brands. From initial product design to production, Michael Bailey Smith, Director of IoT Business Development, Duncan Chang, R&D Director at Leedarson Taipei Technical Center, and Joe Zhou, Senior Product Manager, will discuss the elements that make up a successful smart home product. They will include real-world product examples and focus on product design components such as implementing Z-Wave 700 series, as well as best-practices for device categories such as security.
Who Should Attend: Customer, partners and any other audience who are interested in Z-Wave 700 series
Hosted By: Duncan Chang, Michael Bailey Smith, and Joe Zhou- LEEDARSON
Duncan has been in the software and firmware development field for 14 years, he is currently the Head of Technical LAB.
He is mainly responsible for managing new technology development and system architecture planning in IoT.
A highly motivated IoT strategic business development executive with over 29 years of experience. Currently the Director of IoT Business Development for LEEDARSON North America, the world’s leading ODM IoT product manufacturer.
Joe Zhou has been in the electronics & IoT industry for over 25 years. He is the senior product manager of LEEDARSON, an ODM based IoT company. He and his team focus on creating value-added products for the worldwide customers.
July 15, 2020
Turning Trends Into Sales: The Growing Demand For DIY Systems
COVID-19 is changing the way people think about connectivity. But the growing interest in smart devices is only as powerful as the ability of users to connect them through a single platform. In this webinar we’ll discuss the industry trend toward DIY systems and give you the tools to turn those trends into sales.
Who Should Attend: Dealers, Distributors, Manufacturers
Hosted By: Sebastian Rios – Ezlo Innovation
Sebastian Rios is the Sales Channel Director for Ezlo Innovation, where he manages all aspects of the distributor and dealer networks. Previous roles at Ezlo (Vera) include Distribution Sales Manager and Sales & Marketing Coordinator. Prior to joining Vera, Sebastian gained commercial experience across the enterprise in roles ranging from financial analysis to procurements and sales at companies such as PLR Electronics and Banacol, with is one of Colombia’s largest exporters. He lives in North Carolina with his wife where he enjoys hiking, biking, and the abundance of micro-breweries. | <urn:uuid:9a893d01-7e85-425b-bc40-2770742a3d99> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://z-wavealliance.org/z-wave-alliance-virtual-academy-webinar-wednesdays/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.918219 | 1,494 | 1.5 | 2 |
Rare glass spearhead found on Rottnest Island
Staff and students from The University of Western Australia's School of Indigenous Studies have made an exciting discovery during a University excursion on Rottnest Island (Wadjemup).
Professor Len Collard from The University of Western Australia said the staff and students were at a site on Rottnest learning about the Indigenous history of the island when one of the students uncovered a sparkling object.
"Imagine our excitement when we realised it was a rare glass spearhead that is at least 100 years old. It's not every day that you uncover an artefact of this significance," Professor Collard said.
"The student was surprised and delighted with the discovery which marks an exciting moment in history."
Professor Collard said UWA staff and students had uncovered a few spearheads on the island in recent years.
"We have unearthed clear glass and ceramic spearheads before, but never a spectacular emerald green glass spearhead like this one," he said.
Professor Collard said the spearheads were believed to have been used for trade and exchange, building relationships and hunting of quokkas by Indigenous male prisoners who inhabited the island more than a century ago.
"We believe the prisoners would find a place on top of a hill overlooking the mainland where they would make spear tips from scrap pieces of glass," he said.
"This discovery is important because it helps us learn about our heritage and remember our past, which is important for today and future generations."
The spearhead was re-buried at Rottnest Island to respect the Aboriginal tradition of keeping artefacts found in their resting place. | <urn:uuid:ba95f0eb-a377-4492-b076-5fce9608eff8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://phys.org/news/2017-06-rare-glass-spearhead-rottnest-island.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.968443 | 341 | 2.421875 | 2 |
The path to diagnosis may not always be simple and every woman’s journey is different. Below are some steps for you and your gynecologist to consider
Talk about all of your symptoms with your gynecologist. Remember to include the impact of your symptoms on day-to-day activities. If you're not sure how to start the conversation,
If you're looking for a gynecologist, there are various
you can go to find the right one
After you talk about your symptoms with your gynecologist, he or she could give you a pelvic exam to feel for any endometriosis lesions, such as cysts or scars
Sometimes, ovarian cysts from endometriosis can be seen on an ultrasound—a type of imaging that uses sound waves to produce pictures of the inside of the body
Your doctor may suggest a blood test to rule out other conditions
By trying different
your doctor might be able to assess whether or not you have endometriosis
Your doctor may suggest a surgical procedure called a laparoscopy to actually look inside of your pelvis to see lesions. Surgery can help confirm the diagnosis of endometriosis. During the laparoscopy, your gynecologist may remove a small piece of tissue to study. This is called a biopsy
Why can it take so long to be diagnosed with endometriosis?
Endometriosis can take a while to properly diagnose—averaging anywhere from up to 6 to 10 years, in fact. This happens for a few reasons, including:
- Symptoms being dismissed as “just bad periods.” This is especially true of younger women
- Some symptoms of endometriosis may be similar to symptoms of other diseases
- About 1 out of 3 women consults 3 to 4 physicians before receiving an endometriosis diagnosis*
Based on a self-reported 1998 Endometriosis Association survey of 4334 respondents reporting a surgical diagnosis of endometriosis.
References: 1. Giudice LC, Evers JLH, Healy DL, eds. Endometriosis: Science and Practice. Oxford, England: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. 2. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Frequently asked questions. FAQ013. Gynecologic problems. https://www.acog.org/~/media/For%20Patients/faq013.pdf?dmc=1.Updated October 2012. Accessed January 8, 2020. 3. US Department of Health and Human Services. Endometriosis. http://www.womenshealth.gov/a-ztopics/endometriosis. Updated April 1, 2019. Accessed January 9, 2020. 4. Fischer JR. APGO Educational Series on Women’s Health Issues. Diagnosis & management of endometriosis: pathophysiology to practice. Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics; 2012. 5. Giudice LC. Endometriosis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(25):2389-2398. 6. Greene R, Stratton P, Cleary SD, Ballweg ML, Sinaii N. Diagnostic experience among 4,334 women reporting surgically diagnosed endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(1):32-39. | <urn:uuid:dcd008fb-8574-46ac-a53f-fe6324fe0072> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.speakendo.com/about-endometriosis/testing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.907249 | 753 | 1.976563 | 2 |
- Research article
- Open Access
Patient advocate perspectives on involvement in HTA: an international snapshot
Research Involvement and Engagement volume 3, Article number: 2 (2017)
Plain English summary
A number of health technology assessment (HTA) organisations have developed processes to engage patients in the assessment of new health technologies such as pharmaceuticals, diagnostic tests, devices or medical procedures. Typically, this involves the HTA agency providing an opportunity for patient advocates and their patient organisations (support groups for patients with a specific disease or condition) to provide submissions detailing experiences with the disease and the health technology that is being assessed. While some literature exists about how HTA agencies view the engagement of patients in the HTA process, it is not yet clear how the patient advocates and patient organisations themselves view this engagement. To answer this question, we surveyed the views of patient advocates who were members of patient organisations known to be engaged in the process of HTA or evidence-based practice. Snowballing – that is, passing on the survey invitation from individuals invited to take part in the survey to other individuals – occurred in one of the countries. The responses in this country provided a very useful comparison between the views of people who were appointed as the ‘patient representatives’ on an HTA committee with those who contributed input as part of the general patient organisation engagement process. Our findings identify gaps in understanding of the purpose of patient involvement and whether patient organisations felt their input made a difference, the information and support provided, and if and how feedback is given to the patient organisations. Our work can help inform further research as well as continuing improvements in HTA patient engagement processes.
Patient involvement in health technology assessment (HTA) processes is becoming more frequent. However, it is not clear how patient advocates and their disease-based patient organisations that are involved in HTA view their involvement. We report on the results of an international survey of patient advocates and members of patient organisations about their experiences and perceptions of that involvement.
A 16-question survey was sent out to patient advocates and members of patient groups known to be involved in HTA processes or evidence-based practice. The survey consisted of open-ended questions focusing on respondent characteristics, stage and nature of involvement, support from HTA agencies for involvement, purpose of involvement, feedback on involvement, and whether the respondents felt that their input made a difference.
Of 16 individuals who received the survey, 15 responded. Three, from Italy, Israel and Japan, were not involved in HTA in their country. Respondents from the following countries reported involvement in HTA processes: Canada, England, Scotland, and Wales, The Netherlands, Australia, Taiwan. The respondents indicated that HTA agencies reach out to them either actively or passively, and that their involvement is often at the appraisal stage of HTA. Typically, they reported involvement as either participants in committees or providers of submissions to HTA agencies. A wide range of approaches to supporting patient involvement by the HTA agencies was identified by respondents – including personal and telephone support, online resources, training and provision of information – but the level and type of support reported was uneven across jurisdictions. Not all respondents were clear on the purpose of their involvement in HTA, although some were able to cite specific examples of how their input made a difference; members of an HTA decision-making committee appeared to have a better understanding and were able to give examples. Feedback from HTA agencies to the patient groups on their submissions is often not provided.
Although considerable progress has been made in terms of engaging patients and patient groups in HTA, gaps remain in how involvement is supported, including facilitating involvement, clarity on roles, two-way flow of information, and methods for enhancing communication between patient organisations and HTA agencies.
Health Technology Assessment (HTA)
Health technologies include pharmaceuticals, diagnostic tests, medical devices and procedures. Health technology assessment (HTA) is the “systematic evaluation of the properties and effects of a health technology, addressing the direct and intended effects of this technology, as well as its indirect and unintended consequences” . This is accomplished by evaluating health technologies for their clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, safety, social and economic characteristics [2, 3]. The aim of HTA is to make evidence-based decisions about public funding of health technologies e.g. by placing (or not placing) health technologies on national formularies.
Patient and public involvement in HTA
Although historically, patient and public involvement (PPI) in HTA processes and decision-making has not been extensive, such involvement is growing internationally. Initiatives and projects aimed at facilitating such involvement have been observed in the United Kingdom, Europe, Canada, Asia and Australia [4–12].
Issues around patient and public involvement in HTA are often discussed under the single umbrella of ‘PPI’, however, a distinction needs to be drawn between patients and the public as their interests are not necessarily aligned and at times may even conflict . ‘Patients’ can be construed as (actual or potential) users or beneficiaries of a health technology, who have experiential knowledge about a health condition to which the health technology applies, or the health technology itself. Carers also have personal experience of living with the condition and in some instances may speak on behalf of patients. The ‘public’, on the other hand, are those members of a wider community who have an interest in the well-being and sustainability of the health system. They have insights into social aspects of HTAs but lack personal experience with the health condition or the health technology itself [13–15]. The ‘public’ is a broad category that can include members of the general public (sometimes referred to as ‘citizens’) as well as organisations that represent the interests of consumers as users of health care, carers and patients themselves .
Two key sets of reasons for involving patients in HTA are generally cited in the literature. The first set of reasons focuses on transparency, legitimacy and fairness in decision making. Patient participation is viewed as a means of enhancing trust in the HTA decision-making process and acceptance of the resulting decisions. The second set of reasons centres around the patients’ evidentiary contributions. Patients are seen as contributors of valuable first-hand experiential knowledge of living with a particular health condition; they have experience with the health technology under assessment, or currently available technologies, the use of associated health services, and associated benefits, risks and side effects [4, 11, 13, 15–19]. This is where the distinction between patients and the public becomes acutely salient, as it is only the patients and possibly their carers (but not the general public) who have this personal knowledge and are able to provide this kind of information.
It is recognised that patient involvement can – and should – take place across the entire HTA process . Indeed, there is evidence that HTA agencies are increasingly involving patients in all stages of HTA. A recent review of the roles of patients and the public in HTA processes internationally, identified examples of patient involvement in the following stages of HTA: identification of health technologies for assessment (e.g. Australia, New Zealand, The Netherlands), priority setting or selection of technologies for assessment (e.g. France, USA), conduct of the HTA itself (e.g. Canada, England, Wales), review of assessment results and generation of recommendations (e.g. The Netherlands, Germany, Canada), implementing the funding recommendations (e.g. England, France, USA), and dissemination of the decisions (e.g. Australia, Canada) (; see also [16, 19]).
The nature of the present contribution
Patient involvement in HTA is becoming both more frequent, in that it is taking place in more agencies or countries, and more pervasive in that it is taking place at many stages of HTA. However, due to its relative novelty, formal examinations of the process and impact of patient involvement in HTA are only just beginning to take place and to be made available in journals .
Examinations of the HTA agencies’ initiatives often investigate PPI initiatives as a single unit of analysis, failing to differentiate between patients and the public (e.g. [12, 19, 20]). The analyses frequently approach PPI from the perspective of HTA agencies (e.g. [4, 12, 19, 20]), or from a mix of perspectives, combining the perspectives of HTA agencies themselves as well as scholars, policy makers, patients, and user group members (e.g. [17, 21]) or from the public perspective (e.g. ).
To our knowledge, to date no-one has focused specifically on the issue of what patient involvement in HTA looks like from the perspective of patient advocates and the members of disease-based patient organisations (hereafter ‘patient organisations’) involved in the process. It is therefore our aim to begin to fill this gap, by reporting on the results of a survey of patient advocates and members of patient organisations known to be involved in the HTA process about their experiences and perceptions of their involvement in the HTA processes. In particular, the purpose of the present research was to identify issues faced by patient advocates when making submissions to an HTA agency, either as part of the patient support group or as individuals.
The questionnaire was jointly designed by the authors, representing extensive experience in processes of HTA both as a consumer representative and committee member (JW), and as an academic experienced in preparing HTAs and a member of HTA committees and HTAi’s Ethics Interest Group (AMS). The authors also have broad experience through membership of the Patient and Citizen Involvement in HTA Interest Group, with one (JW) being the Group’s former Chair.
The questionnaire was informed both by the existing literature in this area and the professional experience of the authors. The included questions were selected to align with the study objectives – to query issues specifically applicable to patient advocates and disease-based patient organisations (as opposed to HTA agencies, the public, industry, or researchers involved in HTA). The emphasis was on use of simple language, as it was anticipated that the survey would be completed by an international audience.
The questionnaire asked 16 questions, focusing on respondent characteristics, stage and nature of involvement, support from HTA agencies for involvement, purpose of involvement, feedback on input given, and whether the respondents felt that their input made a difference. All of the questions were open-ended in order to avoid suggesting any specific responses and to give the respondents an opportunity to explain their answers in-depth and in their own words. Examples were provided in the questionnaire where appropriate in order to facilitate providing answers. A copy of the questionnaire is provided in the Appendix.
Purposive sampling was applied to select respondees who could provide detailed and relevant information. The questionnaire, together with an introductory letter, was sent by e-mail to the selected international patient advocates on 14 March 2016. The recipients were selected on the basis of their interest in joining the HTAi Patient and Citizen Involvement Patient Panel, having worked with or as members of the HTAi Patient and Citizen Involvement in HTA Interest Group, or as being part of the Cochrane Collaboration Consumer Network and likely to be involved in evidence-based health care and therefore HTA. The recipients were asked to complete the questionnaire by 4 April 2016. To maximise the response rate, if the recipient felt unable to respond to the questionnaire, either because of the timeframe or if there was someone in their organisation or a related organisation who would be more able to do so, they were asked to forward the e-mail to that person. The recipients were also sent up to three reminders about the questionnaire, where necessary, in order to maximise the response rate.
Unexpectedly, snowballing of responses occurred in one of the countries (Canada) – the survey invitation was passed on by the original recipient to fellow ‘patient representatives’ on an HTA appraisal committee. This has led to this country having a high proportion of the total responses. It did, however, provide a very useful comparison between the views of ‘patient representatives’ who were appointed in that capacity as members of an HTA committee, with those of patients who contributed input into HTAs through their disease-based patient organisations.
The responses were succinct and thematically summarised by one of the authors. The analysis was checked by the second author and fed back to the respondents. The respondents were advised that as no personal or private data was being collected, a formal ethics approval was not required. Nevertheless, ethical practices for survey research were followed in that respondents’ anonymity was ensured and sufficient information was provided about the survey and its authors, to enable respondents to make an informed decision about participating. Respondents were informed that a return of a completed questionnaire implied a free and informed consent to share the information publicly.
Profile of the respondents
Of the 16 individuals who received the survey, 15 responded. Countries represented by the respondents include: Canada, England, Scotland, and Wales, The Netherlands, Australia, Taiwan, Japan, Italy and Israel (Table 1). Despite several attempts, the authors were unable to obtain a response from Germany.
Respondents from three countries (Italy, Israel, Japan) stated that they do not contribute to HTA activities in their country. This does not mean, however, that there is no patient involvement in any HTA activities in these countries, for example at a hospital level. The remainder of the article focuses on the responses received from: Canada, England, Scotland, and Wales, The Netherlands, Australia, Taiwan.
How are the patient organisations reached, when, and what is their role
The respondents identified two main approaches adopted by the HTA agencies to reach out to patients and/or patient organisations (Table 2). First, the agencies contact the patient organisations that are registered with them, seeking submissions when a relevant health technology is being assessed. The second approach consists of agencies posting requests for submissions on the agency’s website and waiting for responses from patients, where applicable, and patient organisations (or the public).
As seen in Table 2, patient advocates reported patient organisation involvement at various stages of the HTA process. However, this was predominantly at the appraisal stage, when the accumulated scientific and economic evidence about a technology is formally assessed by an HTA committee and contextualised against social and ethical issues. Less often, patient organisation participation was sought at the scoping stage to outline how the technology is to be assessed, or at a consultation stage in response to an HTA committee’s recommendations.
The types of involvement varied, although provision of submissions predominated. Patient organisations in all of the countries represented by the patient advocates responding to our survey reported this type of involvement in HTA. Additionally, patient advocates reported involvement of their organisations through provision of comments on recommendations, provision of patient experts to the HTA agency, and participation in hearings or meetings.
Support for ‘patient representatives’ and patient groups involved in HTA
‘Patient representatives’ (as designated by the HTA agency concerned) on an HTA committee reported receiving a wide range of support from HTA agencies. The support included: a dedicated staff person at the HTA agency, provision by the HTA agency of orientation, online resources, webinars, monthly teleconferences, and supported attendance at annual symposia. Patient advocates involved with disease-based patient organisations reported that some (although not all) HTA agencies dedicate a staff member as contact person or have a dedicated PPI team. Other approaches reported include: HTA agencies offering guidance or framework documents (either via e-mail or on the agency’s website), arranged meetings with patient organisations to provide guidance and information, and facilitating contact between patient organisations to enable peer support (Table 3).
Formal training was not often provided by HTA agencies to patient organisations, although some patient advocates reported that webinars are provided. Others reported that training is provided by industry and other (e.g. academic) organisations; training also takes the form of mentoring amongst the members of the patient organisations themselves.
Patient organisations often do not receive information about the technology under assessment from the HTA agency itself but, rather, rely on a wide range of other sources for that information. Those sources include: publicly available data, industry, participants in clinical trials or clinical trial staff, other members of the patient organisation itself, the media, internet searches, pharmacists, doctors, other patient organisations, existing HTA reports, conferences or patient symposia. Where agencies do provide information, their approaches include: provision of background and key information using a pre-designed form for the industry sponsor to complete; or the agency enables patient organisations to request further information from the HTA agency if required.
Purpose, outcomes and feedback on the involvement
The understanding of the purpose of patient involvement in HTA varied among the respondents. Some respondents reported that the purpose was unclear to them, or that it was only somewhat clear; one respondent felt that patient involvement was an exercise in ‘ticking a box’. However, others understood patient involvement as an opportunity to provide HTA agencies with information on the experience of living with a condition or using existing treatments and the treatment under assessment. The patients can provide information on the value and impact of the treatment from a patient perspective, to help agencies understand unmet needs, provide input more generally, or help to set the content of a health insurance package (Table 4).
In response to the question whether their input made a difference, a mixed picture emerged. Some respondents did not provide an answer or felt that their input has not made a difference for some time. Others cited a variety of ways in which their input has made a difference to the HTA process. ‘Patient representatives’ on HTA committees were able to point to specific funding decisions, for example, a decision to fund a drug due to information on improvement in quality of life, and identification of sub-groups that were particularly negatively impacted by the disease. Responses from patient organisations were more general, and focused on the areas where they felt their input has made a difference, such as: contextualising the quality of life data from trials, illustrating unmet need, clarifying the impact on daily life of the disease or health technology, helping to educate HTA personnel about the disease or its treatment, and helping to create a fuller evidentiary picture by adding to industry and clinician evidence. Some patient advocates noted that either the impact or the weight of their submissions, vis-à-vis the other evidence considered, is unclear.
Feedback is often not formally provided by the HTA agencies, and one respondent noted that this makes it difficult to know the value of the submission. However, some respondents reported that it can be gleaned whether the patient organisation submission was utilised, for example, by examining the meeting minutes to see if the submission is listed, or examining the interim and final recommendations (whether they make reference to patient organisation submissions or are changed following comment by the patient organisation). Where an agency queries the patient organisation about the content of their submission, it can also be inferred that the submission is being considered by the HTA agency. One respondent noted that feedback was provided (that their submission had been received) but did not furnish any details.
A mixed picture thus emerges about patient involvement in HTA from the perspective of patient advocates involved in the process. Patient advocates and ‘patient representatives’ report that HTA agencies involve patient organisations either actively, by reaching out to groups known to them (e.g. those listed in the HTA agency’s database), or passively by posting requests for input on the agency’s website. The passive approach has the drawback of placing the onus on the patient organisation to monitor the agency’s website for HTAs relevant to its members, or to be informed by industry. The active approach – HTA agency reaching out to patient organisations – means that patient organisations know when their input is being sought, and they can then notify their members. The HTA agencies using the active approach are generally open to adding patient organisations to their databases, although some have criteria that need to be met. Communication between patient organisations involved in similar or overlapping disease areas would also be beneficial, as this could further increase patient participation in the HTA process. Additionally, agencies may consider proactive advertising, since patient organisations may not necessarily be representative of patient populations in all cases.
Approaches to supporting disease-based patient organisation involvement in the HTA process include both personal and electronic means. Personal support involves dedicating an HTA agency staff member or team, enabling in-person meetings of patient organisations with HTA agencies, or facilitating interactions between patient organisations. Online approaches include provision of guidance or other documents (either via e-mail or by posting them on the agency’s website). Our questionnaire did not query which of these approaches is preferable to the patient organisations. It is possible that the answer to this question would vary by jurisdiction, HTA agency, and patient organisation. It could also depend on the size, remit and capacity of both the HTA agency and the patient organisation. Therefore, clear communication between the agency and patient organisations is of crucial importance. Individual agencies and patient organisations could benefit from considering approaches used by other agencies.
Questions about training for patients and patient organisations revealed that patients participating in HTA committees as ‘patient representatives’ receive training from the HTA agency. However, such training may not be provided by HTA agencies to patient organisations. Patient organisations may therefore turn to industry or other organisations, or facilitate internal mentoring within their own groups. This is less than ideal, as HTA agencies are best positioned to advise patient organisations about agency-specific processes and informational needs. Extending the training that is provided to ‘patient representatives’ on HTA committees to patient organisations and others could be a worthwhile endeavour.
A similar point can be made about information provision by HTA agencies to patient organisations. Although patient advocates report a wide range of creative approaches to obtaining information about technologies under assessment, the HTA agency or the industry sponsor for the new technology is in the best position to provide this information to patient organisations. Issues arise around confidentiality of the data provided to the agency, and codes of conduct created by overarching pharmaceutical company bodies to protect patients from direct advertising. An approach adopted in Scotland – of providing patient organisations with standardised information obtained using a form that has been co-designed by industry and patients and is completed by industry – may be worthwhile for adopting in other jurisdictions. Beyond that, initiatives reported in the literature around public involvement in HTA may also be helpful in terms of patient involvement in HTA. These include: providing patients participating in HTA committees with a clear and detailed description of the role, and preparing introductory documents about HTA and HTA agency processes for the involvement of patients and patient organisations together with other background and guidance materials [10, 23].
Although respondents provided a range of answers about the purpose of patient involvement in HTA, it was somewhat surprising that some of the respondents – involved in disease-based patient organisation submissions to HTA agencies – report a lack of clarity about the purpose of such involvement. This may point to informational needs by patient organisations that go beyond the need for information about the specific health technologies. This could include: the need for information about HTA itself and its goals in that jurisdiction; the process and methods adopted by the specific agency; the types of information and evidence considered during the technology assessment; and the specific role that information provided by patient groups plays. The last of these needs clarification as several respondents noted that the weight or impact of the patient submissions, vis-à-vis other evidence considered in the HTA process, was unknown to them. Providing this information could, moreover, help to resolve the identified lack of clarity about whether the information provided by the patient organisations makes a difference to the HTA processes and outcomes. Unsurprisingly, ‘patient representatives’ participating on HTA committees are better equipped to cite specific examples where patient submissions made a difference as they are part of the decision-making processes and so have first-hand experience of the discussions that take place. The patient advocates working with patient organisations were less able to do so, and answered the question by focusing on the type of input they felt made a difference (e.g. on daily experience with the disease, impact on quality of life).
Patient advocates with patient organisations report that although they can sometimes identify whether their submission has been utilised, feedback on the submissions is generally not provided to them by the HTA agencies. This is problematic as one of the dominant types of patient organisation involvement in the HTA process takes the form of written submissions, which is a resource intense activity for patient organisations. Feedback could inform the value of using those resources and additionally lead to directed quality improvements in submissions. HTA agencies are best positioned to identify their own informational needs and how the information provided was used by them . CADTH in Canada (Common Drug Review) does now provide feedback to the patient organisations that make submissions, and has a policy of making the submissions easily accessible on its website, where it is given permission to do so, so that other patient organisations can learn from them . SMC in Scotland also gives examples of useful submissions on their website so that other groups can learn from them and their PPI team will review submissions that are in preparation .
The challenges around involvement in HTA that were identified by patient advocates and their disease-based patient organisations when responding to our questionnaire are not surprising. Many of these same challenges to PPI have been identified by HTA agencies themselves. According to HTA agencies, some of the challenges include: tensions between scientific healthcare evidence and social considerations when considering the patient perspective; practical issues around engaging patients; dissemination of information to patient organisations; inadequate time to conduct high-quality engagement activities; the potential for lengthening the process of HTA by involving patients; lack of expertise in qualitative research within HTA agencies; how to address the diversity of patient populations, and identifying participants who are truly ‘representative’; and absence of resources, both within HTA agencies and patient organisations, to carry out meaningful engagement . The picture that emerges from the present questionnaire is that a wide range of approaches have been adopted by HTA agencies to address some of these challenges. It is therefore hoped that some of the approaches identified here can serve as examples of the way forward both for HTA agencies and disease-based patient organisations. This may be particularly relevant to HTA agencies that have yet to involve patients or are in the early stages of involvement.
Limitations and strengths
The questionnaire’s strength lies in its very high response rate (94%), which is considerably higher than the rates typically reported in the surveys conducted in the field of HTA of from 18–90% [12, 19, 20, 26]. The high response rate is attributable to many of the respondents being known to one of the authors (JW), who personally reached out to the respondents. However, it needs to be noted that – being the first survey focusing on the views of patient organisations and patient advocates – the survey was considerably smaller than other surveys in HTA, which also limits its generalisability. Another strength lies in the profile of respondents, which allowed us to compare the perspectives of patient advocates working within disease-based patient organisations involved in the HTA process with the views of ‘patient representatives’ who are members of the HTA committee.
A limitation lies in the potential for selection bias in the recruited sample of participants as the survey specifically targeted people known to be involved in HTA in their own countries. This targeting was deliberate, however, as the present survey was intended to identify the views of those patient advocates and patient organisation members known to have experience with HTA processes; it was not an effort to assess the awareness of patient advocates around HTA activities in their own countries, which will become the main focus of a future, more broadly distributed questionnaire.
It is worth noting that because more than half of the responses were from Canada and UK (in aggregate), the views presented here are of some of the most developed patient involvement initiatives, in terms of both longevity and comprehensiveness, and may not be representative of the views of patients and disease-based patient organisations involved in HTA processes in other jurisdictions. Identifying approaches to patient involvement in jurisdictions with more developed patient involvement initiatives does, however, offer an opportunity to those jurisdictions with less developed initiatives to identify options that can be adapted and adopted in their countries.
Finally, a potential limitation lies in the open-ended nature of the questions used in the survey, which may have led to their incorrect interpretation by non-English as first language speakers. To address this, a summary of the responses was sent to the respondents for their verification. Some adjustment in the wording of the summary was made in response to arguments presented to us by the ‘patient representatives’ on an HTA appraisal committee. This was related to patient organisations being able to give suggestions on draft recommendations and see changes in wording, which the ‘patient representatives’ saw as feedback on the patient organisation submissions. Otherwise, we are confident that the potential for this problem was minimised.
The findings of this questionnaire suggest a mixed picture. Some progress has been made in terms of engaging patients through their disease-based patient organisations in the HTA process, in a way that is sensitive and appropriate to patient organisation needs. However, important gaps remain. Therefore, the next steps could include a careful consideration of an optimal balance between enhancing the opportunities for patient organisations to make contributions to HTA and the informational and process needs of the HTA agencies. Among the specific issues in need of consideration, are:
What are the best processes for facilitating the involvement of disease-based patient organisations in HTA;
How should patient organisation involvement be operationalised, e.g. what role(s) should patients take on, what training do the patient organisations need to enable this;
How to enhance communication between HTA agencies and patient organisations vis-à-vis the purpose of involvement, processes, and expectations;
How best to support the involvement of patient organisations in HTA, what types of ongoing training and quality improvement, information provision, feedback processes, etc., should be implemented.
As suggested by the questionnaire, patient involvement processes are constantly evolving and some agencies have already taken steps towards addressing at least some of the identified issues. Patient organisations recognise and appreciate those efforts. It is hoped that the findings presented here will continue to spur efforts towards further developments by these and other HTA agencies. A re-survey is planned in the future, this time co-designed with the patient members and patient group representatives.
Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
Common Drug Review
Health technology assessment
Health Technology Assessment International
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
HTAi Patient and Citizen Involvement in HTA Interest Group
Scottish Medicines Consortium
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CADTH. Updates for Patient Groups 2016. Available from: https://www.cadth.ca/about-cadth/what-we-do/products-services/cdr/patient-input/updates-patient-groups. Accessed 30 Aug 2016.
SMC. Patient Group Partners 2016. Available from: https://www.scottishmedicines.org.uk/Public_Involvement/Patient_group_partners. Accessed 30 Aug 2016.
Olry de Labry Lima A, García Mochón L, Caro Martínez A, Martín Ruiz E, Espín Balbino J. Mapping capacity to conduct health technology assessment in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. Croat Med J. 2016;57(1):66–70.
The authors would like to acknowledge and thank the respondents who completed the questionnaire. We would like to acknowledge the members of the HTAi Patient and Citizen Involvement Interest Group who contributed to the workshop for which this project provided background data for the theme of the one-day workshop. The workshop would not have happened without everyone’s hard work and collegiality. We thank the members of the Patient Involvement and Education Working Group for their comments on the manuscript and their commitment to patient involvement in various agencies, in particular Jennifer Dickson and Ann Single. We would also like to thank the peer reviewers whose feedback strengthened this manuscript.
Availability of data and materials
Both authors contributed to this manuscript. AMS produced the first draft the manuscript, to which JW added substantive intellectual content. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. The questionnaire on which this project is based was designed by JW working closely with AMS.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Consent for publication
Ethics approval and consent to participate
About this article
Cite this article
Scott, A.M., Wale, J.L. & On behalf of the HTAi Patient and Citizen Involvement in HTA Interest Group, Patient Involvement and Education Working Group. Patient advocate perspectives on involvement in HTA: an international snapshot. Res Involv Engagem 3, 2 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40900-016-0052-9
- Patient involvement
- Patient engagement
- Patient and citizen involvement interest group
- Health technology assessment | <urn:uuid:3625570e-fe8e-4882-b1aa-8a74dad72828> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://researchinvolvement.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40900-016-0052-9 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.947214 | 8,244 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Critical Care Unit is a dedicated unit for patients in need of special care and support. Patients who need continuous supervision under experts and life support units to maintain vital life status are placed in Intensive Care Units.
Life threatening conditions can also be recovered here. A doctor is placed 24 x 7 along with trained para medic staff. Top notch machinaries like Ventilators and defibrilators are at immediate disposal.
Vitals are continuously monitored through screens and pulse oxymeters are used to detect oxygen levels in the body. Continuous oxygen support is also provided if required.
The Department of Anesthesiology at Oriana Multi-specialist hospital offers outstanding anesthetic care to critically ill patients.The staff members of this department are highly integrated and provide the best possible care to the patients requiring anesthesia and intensive care. The anesthesiologists prioritize patient comfort and provide anesthetic service accordingly. The staffs are specialized in pain management, general anesthesia, cardiothoracic anesthesia and critical care, and pediatric and congenital heart anesthesia, which improve diagnosis, medical management and quality of life for our patients.
The department includes anesthesiologists as well as critical care nurses and nurse practitioners who have advanced training in critical care. Our staffs are dedicated to relief pain and provide surgical care to patients during, before and after the surgery. The specialist decides whether a patient needs a local or a general anesthesia and this decision is based on the type of surgery involved and also the age of patient and other factors. Different procedures are applied by the doctors like epidural injections, facet injections, etc.
The services provided by the department are:
Administration of anesthesia
Critical care unit
Comprehensive pain management services
Diagnosis of pain syndromes
Nerve blocks and injections | <urn:uuid:e1f93b44-b563-41db-927e-42ae8872cd6e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://orianahospital.com/critical-care-unit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.938437 | 367 | 2.125 | 2 |
is the process by which the wafer is singulated into individual dice in
preparation for assembly. Die preparation consists of two
major steps, namely, wafer mounting and wafer saw.
is the process of providing support to the wafer to facilitate the
processing of the wafer from Wafer Saw through Die Attach. During wafer
mounting, the wafer
and a wafer frame
are simultaneously attached on a wafer or
dicing tape. The wafer frame may be made of
plastic or metal, but it should be resistant to warping, bending,
corrosion, and heat. The dicing tape (also referred to as a wafer
film) is just a PVC sheet with
on one side to hold both the wafer frame and the wafer. Typically
measuring 3 mils thick, it should be flexible yet tough and strong, and
with low impurity levels as well.
special wafer mounting machine,
consists of the following steps: 1) frame loading; 2) wafer
loading; 3) application of tape to the wafer and wafer frame; 4) cutting
of the excess tape; and 5) unloading of the mounted wafer.
on wafer frames
for mounting wafers on wafer frames
During wafer mounting, the following
concerns must be prevented: wafer cracking or breakage, bubble
trapping on the adhesive side of the tape, scratches on the active side
of the wafer, and non-uniform tape tension which can result in tape
follows wafer mounting and is the step that actually cuts the wafer into
individual dice for assembly in IC packages. The
wafer saw process
consists of the following steps: 1) the frame-mounted wafer is
automatically aligned into position for cutting; 2) the wafer is then
cut thru its thickness according to the programmed die dimensions using
a resin-bonded diamond wheel (see Fig. 3) rotating at a very high rpm; and 3) the
wafer goes through a cleaning process using high pressure DI water
sprayed on the rotating workpiece and then dried by air-blowing.
Photos of Wafer Saw Blades
Kerf width is defined as the average width of the cutline plus the error
attributed to microchipping. The singulated dice may be left attached to
the wafer tape for pick-and-place during
die attach or may be individually kept in
waffle packs for future assembly.
parameters for consideration
during wafer saw include the following:
cut mode (direction and
manner of cutting),
(speed at which the wafer is being
introduced to the blade),
spindle rev (speed of revolution of the
cutting wheel), blade height, and cutting water flow. Important
parameters for the washing step include the following: wash time, wash
rpm, DI water pressure, dry time, dry rpm, temperature and air flow rate.
Die Preparation Failure Mechanisms;
Manufacturing; Assembly Equipment
All Rights Reserved. | <urn:uuid:acaf8584-6a2a-4319-88d5-4a364404b98f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.eesemi.com/dieprep.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.832495 | 837 | 3.359375 | 3 |
According to 2018 Identity Fraud: Fraud Enters a New Era of Complexity from Javelin Strategy & Research, in 2017, there were 16.7 million victims of identity fraud, a record high that followed a previous record the year before. Criminals are engaging in complex identity fraud schemes that are leaving record numbers of victims in their wake. The amount stolen hit $16.8 billion last year as 30 percent of U.S. consumers were notified exposure to a data breach last year, an increase of 12 percent from 2016. For the first time, more Social Security numbers were exposed than credit card numbers.
In Arizona, there were over 8,000 cases of identity theft last year. Most of those whom fallen victim to fraudsters have their credit ruined. Here is what you do if you are a victim of identity theft:
- Call the police and file a police report.
- Call your lender, and notify them if your card has been stolen. Many credit card companies offer immediate refunds for fraudulent charges and may also be willing to contact the credit bureaus on your behalf. Do this immediately after filing the police report. The longer you wait, your chances of reversing the charges diminish.
- Call us to help you dispute the fraudulent accounts or the existing accounts fraudulently used. With our assistance, we can help you repair your credit after the damage caused by Identity Theft. | <urn:uuid:860ccc0e-947e-48ed-b474-b8aae0ba64a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://maschneider.com/credit-repair-after-identity-theft/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.95438 | 282 | 1.835938 | 2 |
You might have noticed that proxy providers offer their clients either Static proxies or Rotating proxies and have asked yourself what’s the difference between the two? Well, in this article, we will discuss their differences and hopefully inform you which one you should use based on your needs.
Static proxies use a single IP address at a time unless you change it. Anytime you visit a different website, your IP address will never change. The types of proxies that use static proxies are only datacenter proxies and ISP proxies. When using static proxies, you’ll be given a set of different IP addresses that you can connect through.
Rotating proxies are proxies that continuously rotate IP addresses from a proxy pool. You can set the time interval in which an IP address rotates to another one. Mobile proxies and residential proxies only use rotating proxies but datacenter and ISP proxies can also be configured to use rotating proxies. When using rotating proxies, you’ll be given a single backconnect IP address that would give access to a proxy pool.
What Are Their Differences?
There are plenty of differences between static and rotating proxies, which mainly are:
- Proxy Rotation. Static proxies have no IP rotation while rotating proxies automatically alternate between multiple IP addresses.
- Speed. Static proxies have a strong internet connection and bandwidth while rotating proxies have varied connection speeds, which may sometimes be fast, slow, or average.
- Price. Pricing for static proxies are based on the number of IP addresses you want to purchase and rotating proxies are based on the amount of traffic you want to use.
- Exclusivity. With static proxies, you can use either shared or private IPs depending on what you need but you can only use shared IPs on rotating proxies.
- Flexibility. Using static proxies has little to no flexibility as you can’t change any parameter but with rotating proxies, you can easily change any parameter of the proxy server.
- Maintenance. You must carefully maintain static proxies as you only have access to a few IP addresses. Meanwhile, with rotating proxies, you can simply change to a new IP address if one is not working.
You can use either static proxies or rotating proxies, depending on what use case you need them for. Static proxies are best when you want to do tasks like managing multiple accounts, tasks where you would want the same identity. You can achieve these by creating sticky sessions with residential IPs. Rotating proxies, on the other hand, are best when you want to do advanced tasks where you need to continuously change your identity and avoid bans. For example tasks like, web scraping social media or e-commerce websites and even sneaker botting. You can check out Geonode’s static and rotating proxies! | <urn:uuid:3e9712d8-c113-4c86-befd-807db03b8601> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://geonode.com/blog/how-to-use-static-proxies-and-rotating-proxies-whats-the-difference/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.930329 | 576 | 1.679688 | 2 |
The Melbourne Cup is supposed to be the “race that stops a nation”.
But among increasing community concern about gambling and animal welfare, does it stop us for the right reasons? How is our relationship to the Cup changing?
Gambling in Australia
Gambling is a significant part of Australian culture. Helped by the fact we have pokies in clubs and pubs, we lose more money on gambling than any other nation. Per capita, our gambling losses are more than double those in the United States.
But research shows gambling participation is dropping. A recently released study, led by Nerilee Hing at CQUniversity, and funded by Gambling Research Australia, was the first national gambling prevalence study since 2010-11. It included a telephone survey of 15,000 Australian adults in 2019, giving an insight into the nature and extent of gambling in Australia.
According to this report, 56.9% of those surveyed had gambled in the previous 12 months, compared with 64.3% the decade before. Participation in every gambling form has declined, apart from forms that were not available ten years ago, such as betting on e-sports and gambling within video games. Race betting has dropped from 22.4% to 16.8%.
What do people think of gambling?
Despite this decline, total race betting turnover continues to climb, up by about A$4 billion in today’s dollars from A$22.9 billion in 2010-11 to A$26.9 billion in 2018-19.
This may be in part due to the rise in online gambling, which has doubled over the past decade. Race betting is certainly more accessible than ever, with a lot of promotions ready to entice you to place a bet, or bet more than you intended.
For many, however, a bet on the Melbourne Cup will be the only race bet they place each year. The decline in race betting prevalence, despite an increase in turnover, suggests it is these less-engaged punters who are not betting anymore.
There certainly appears to be a growing concern about gambling in the community. A 2019 state government gambling survey of more than 10,000 adults in New South Wales included a question about whether gambling has done more harm than good for the community. Of those surveyed, 46% strongly agreed gambling has done more harm than good, and a further 32% agreed. Only 8% disagreed or strongly disagreed.
In 2020, the horse Anthony Van Dyck became the sixth horse to die in the Melbourne Cup, and the seventh to die in a race on Cup day, since 2013.
These deaths have been met with mounting concern about the racing industry. A 2019 report examining stewards’ documents from August 2018 to July 2019 found 122 horses died on race tracks in Australia. In 2019, the ABC’s 7.30 program aired an expose on cruelty, with former racehorses being sent to slaughterhouses, despite animal welfare guarantees.
Earlier this year, Racing Victoria announced it was implementing new measures to reduce risk to horses. Many of these appear to revolve around the Melbourne Cup in particular, especially international horses, given deaths in recent years have all been foreign runners. But for horses in the thousands of other races across Australia, the risks remain as real as ever.
The increasing visibility of the impact on animals has soured the Cup. A 2019 analysis of Melbourne Cup tweets found that #nuptothecup was the third most popular hashtag associated with #melbournecup. The hashtags #horseracingkills and #animalcruelty also appeared in the top ten.
The hashtag #youbettheydie was also associated with #nuptothecup. These findings suggest the animal welfare issue is a strong driver of anti-Cup sentiment.
Increasing public awareness of how the Cup (like other major sporting events) is accompanied by a spike in domestic violence has also tarnished the “feelgood” atmosphere.
Beyond the Cup, public opinion around horse racing is not reliably supportive. In 2018, the barrier draw for another prestige race, The Everest, was projected onto the Opera House sails. This was met with significant public outcry, despite the sails previously being used for projections about sport, including the Wallabies and the Ashes, and even for Samsung mobile phones. Protesters cited concerns about animal welfare and gambling.
This is not to suggest the race is going anywhere.
For many, the Melbourne Cup isn’t really about gambling, or even horses. It’s a reason to dress up and have a few (or more) drinks with friends. Or enjoy a sweep and some nibbles in the office. It’s also a welcome public holiday for Victorians.
But there is also a growing realisation this party day has real costs to others. | <urn:uuid:2b768c4f-6b90-4837-9b7a-1e47caf186b9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.horsetalk.co.nz/2021/11/04/melbourne-cup-still-race-stops-nation-nuptothecup/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.965369 | 997 | 2.0625 | 2 |
This lady has discussed the meaning and principles of explanation of statutes with pertinent instance regulations.
Table of articles
The definition of might derived from the Latin phrase ‘interpretari’ , meaning to spell out, expound, discover, or even to translate. Interpretation is the process of discussing, expounding and translating any text or any such thing in created type. This basically requires an act of learning the true meaning of the vocabulary which was used in the statute. Numerous resources used are only restricted to explore the composed text and describe what exactly happens to be showed from the words included in the composed text or perhaps the statutes.
Presentation of statutes will be the appropriate understanding of regulations. This process is often adopted by the courts for determining the precise aim of the legislature. Since aim with the courtroom isn’t only merely to check the laws but is and to apply it in a meaningful means to accommodate from circumstances to instance. Additionally it is used in ascertaining the actual connotation of every work or data together with the real aim of the legislature.
There could be mischief within the law and that is necessary to become cured, and this can be accomplished by implementing various norms and concepts of presentation that might not in favor of the literal definition every so often. The point behind understanding would be to describe the meaning for the phrase utilized in the statutes which might not that obvious.
Per Salmond, “ understanding ” is the procedure in which the legal tries to ascertain the meaning regarding the legislature through method of well-respected types where really expressed.
In quick words, construction involves drawing results regarding the subjects which have been beyond the drive term from the book. The process of law bring findings after examining this is on the terms included in the text or even the statutes. This method is known as appropriate exposition. You will find a specific pair of specifics pending before the court and development may be the application of the final outcome among these insights.
The aim will be help the official human anatomy in determining the actual goal of the legislature. The aim can also be to ascertain the legal effectation of the legal text.
Difference between Explanation and Development
Classification of Statutes
Codified legal rules is generally classified the following-
The goal of this type of statute is always to promote a respected report associated with the rules regarding the laws on a specific subject, in fact it is customary laws and regulations. For example- The Hindu wedding Act, 1955 as well as the Hindu Succession operate, 1956.
This sort of law protects and blends all legislation on a specific subject matter at one place which was scattered and sleeping at different locations. Right here, the whole laws try constituted in one single put. Including- Indian Penal Code or laws of Criminal Procedure.
This type of statute escort in Pasadena does an act of eliminating doubts, clarifying and improving the legislation on the basis of the presentation provided by the judge, that might not ideal from point of view regarding the parliament. Including- this is of residence land has become revised underneath the income-tax (modification) Act, 1985 through reasoning of great judge.
Approving of brand new treatments for enforcing one’s rights can be carried out through remedial statutes. The objective of these statutes is to advertise the general welfare for getting social reforms through program. These statutes bring liberal explanation and therefore, are not interpreted through rigorous methods . Eg- The Maternity pros operate, 1961, The Workmen’s Compensation work, 1923 etcetera.
The reason for this law is always to expand a specific common-law. Like- secure exchange work enables the federal government to acquire the general public property for the intended purpose of people, which can be if not perhaps not permissible.
It is the opposite of what is given beneath the allowing law. Right here the legal rights conferred by common law are now being lower and are usually being restrained.
The offences for a variety of kinds of offences are supplied through these statutes, and these provisions need to be enforced purely. Like- Indian Penal Rule, 1860.
Income tax is a kind of sales and is to-be settled on authorities. It would possibly be either on money that a person earns or on any kind of transaction. A taxing law therefore, levies taxation on all these types of deals. There is certainly income tax, riches income tax, deals tax, gifts income tax, etc. Consequently, a tax is generally levied only once this has been especially conveyed and given by any law.
The phrase explanatory alone suggests that this type of law describes regulations and rectifies any omission remaining earlier in the day within the enactment with the statutes. More, ambiguities when you look at the text are also clarified and inspected upon the previous statutes.
The statutes which run which will make alterations in the specifications from the enactment adjust the initial law in making a noticable difference therein as well as undertaking the conditions effectively which is why the original legislation ended up being passed away are called amending statutes. Like- Code of illegal therapy 1973 revised the rule of 1898. | <urn:uuid:02742130-0533-4833-999b-987aceb8fd48> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.eventibrescia.com/2022/pasadena-1-eros-escort-2-2/this-lady-has-discussed-the-meaning-and-principles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.944695 | 1,087 | 3.1875 | 3 |
It was a nice cold, clear night tonight, and I was finally able to go out and see what all the fuss was about over Comet 17P/Holmes which I've been hearing so much about.
Comet 17P/Holmes mysteriously exploded a few days ago, creating a large bright aura around the nucleus. Possibly formed by vapour erupting from vents on the surface, the exact cause is a mystery to astronomers, but it does make an interesting sight in the sky.
I was extremely (and pleasantly!) surprised at how easy it was to find in the sky. With the constellation of Perseus moving into light polluted territory, I was amazed that I could see it through binoculars, and the view through a small telescope was fantastic. Once I knew where to look, it was clearly visible with the unaided eye. I took quite a few pictures as this is the first actual comet I have been able to photograph, let alone observe, so this comet is a little special for me! I have selected two photos to share here; a wide angle shot showing the Perseids where the comet is marked with red pointers. The second is a closeup with my baby Skywatcher and camera mounted at prime focus.
It wasn't long however until the Moon decided to put in an appearance, which greatly reduced the visibility of the comet. Still, I had loads of pictures and I took the opportunity to photograph the Moon some more.
There are no comments yet. Why not get the discussion started? | <urn:uuid:3beb8211-e1f2-48dc-a087-b6890ca17ed3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://perfectastronomy.com/first-clear-night-ages-comet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.987086 | 309 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Lasting effects: Louisiana faces long economic recovery, Houma-Thibodaux may be longer
Louisiana's economic recovery could drag into 2022, with Houma-Thibodaux and Acadiana experiencing a slower recovery than the rest of the state, according to a recent study.
"The baseline projections, and even the most optimistic projections, are highly unfavorable at this time," wrote Gary Wagner, economics professor at University of Louisiana at Lafayette's B.I. Moody III College of Business Administration. "Much like the national economy, Louisiana is projected to experience a recession more severe than the economic impacts of Hurricane Katrina and the Great Recession."
Wagner's report includes quarterly projections for recovery of an economy ravaged by the coronavirus and an anemic oil and gas industry. The projections include a baseline scenario, an optimistic scenario, a pessimistic scenario and an estimate if the pandemic had not happened.
The forecast looks at several factors: employment, oil prices, unemployment rate, and gross domestic product (GDP), among others.
The report for the second quarter of 2020, which is April, May and June, says the state's recovery could drag on until 2022 and the Acadiana and Houma-Thibodeaux region were hit harder than other areas.
For Louisiana, the economic recovery is expected to be uneven and to vary by geography.
Troy Wayman, president and CEO of the regional economic development group One Acadiana, said ensuring that jobs come back to the region is at the center of recovery efforts.
"The core of all of our efforts is the creation and preservation of jobs," Wayman said. "Jobs are what's going to get our economy back on track."
Since Gov. John Bel Edwards issued his stay-home order on March 22, more than 600,000 workers have filed initial claims for unemployment benefits. Because expanded unemployment allowed people who had work hours cut to receive benefits, it's unclear how many of those claims represent actual joblessness.
According to Wagner's forecast, the state's unemployment rate for the second quarter could exceed 18%. The previous high was 13.1% in 1986.
Wagner estimates the Lafayette metro area will have about 159,200 jobs in the second quarter of 2020, or about 43,800 fewer than it did in the first quarter. The decrease of 21.6% is the greatest loss of all Louisiana's metro areas. Houma-Thibodaux is second with a 17.9% decrease.
The Lafayette area is in the middle of the pack when it comes to estimated job recovery. Baton Rouge, New Orleans and Shreveport — some of the state's other urban areas — are expected to have a faster recovery. By the third quarter of 2021, Baton Rouge could gain 22,600 jobs (growth of 6.4%), New Orleans could gain 44,300 (8.9%) and Shreveport-Bossier could gain 5,000 (3.2%), according to Wagner's estimates.
Other parts of the state could see job loss continue. Houma-Thibodaux could lose an estimated 3,200 in the same time period, a loss of 4.5%.
Louisiana's GDP expected to continue sliding, with slower recovery
Under UL's baseline scenario, Wagner estimates that Louisiana's GDP - or value of all goods and services produced - could fall more than 20% in the second quarter. While the projected decline is not as steep as the 32.2% decline forecast at the national level, the state's recovery is expected to be slower.
"Under the baseline scenario, Louisiana’s GDP is projected to grow at a much slower pace than the nation, remaining below pre COVID-19 levels until at least 2022," Wagner wrote.
The forecast does not include information on GDP for metropolitan areas, and the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis only has data through 2018. But the bureau's data shows that, while Louisiana's metro areas have had GDP growth in recent years, Lafayette and Houma are still bouncing back from sharp declines earlier in the decade.
From 2016 to 2018, all nine of Louisiana's metro areas saw GDP growth, with the average increase about 12%. But for Acadiana and Houma-Thibodaux, the increases represent making up lost ground.
Lafayette's GDP is still about 6.6% below its mark in 2014, and Houma is nearly 14% down from that year, about the time the oil and gas industry collapsed.
In 2020, the oil and gas industry faces another historic crisis, and, as of 2018, Lafayette and Houma are two of three Louisiana metro areas that get more than 5% of their total GDP from mining activities that include oil and gas.
In 2018, nearly 10% of Lafayette's GDP came from mining. About 12% of Houma-Thibodeaux's GDP was from mining. Shreveport got nearly 17% of its GDP from mining.
Earlier in 2020, oil prices dipped into the negatives as producers had virtually no market to sell their oil in due to a historic surplus and little demand. The situation has improved somewhat, and prices per barrel topped $37 on Tuesday.
UL's forecast shows prices improving across all scenarios, but at varying speeds. The baseline shows prices per barrel reaching $43.50 by the end of 2021, while the optimistic scenario shows it reaching $60.16 over the same time period. The pessimistic scenario estimates $31.55.
The pre-COVID forecast would have the price at $52.17 for the current quarter and shows it rising to $53.50 by the end of 2021. | <urn:uuid:eb39ec78-70cd-4962-9039-47e4f6e8c0d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.houmatoday.com/story/news/2020/06/17/lasting-effects-louisiana-faces-long-economic-recovery-houma-thibodaux-may-be-longer/112555488/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.954718 | 1,160 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Finance is a broad term encompassing many things about the financial management, development, and the study of investments and money. All aspects of business are touched in this area including investment and banking. This is the only area where a Master’s degree can be completed without specific training from a finance standpoint. Those who want to succeed as financial managers should definitely consider earning their Master’s degree in finance. Finance offers those with an MBA a number of desirable job titles such as: Chief Financial Officer, Manager, Finance Analysts, and others.
A number of financial activities are performed by finance professionals. The most common of these is creating a portfolio that assesses the overall worth of funds. Managers use their portfolios to make investment decisions and also to ensure that funds are properly invested for maximum returns. Strategic management of finance also involves allocation of resources in terms of risk/reward in order to meet overall investment goals and objectives.
Those who have earned a Master’s degree in finance have many opportunities available to them both inside and outside of the classroom. They can participate in research or teaching as well as simply providing services to finance related firms. Many also choose to become investment managers where they invest their knowledge and experience in the financial management of funds. The most important aspect of developing a successful portfolio is effective budgeting. Budgeting and financial management are fundamental aspects of all successful fund managers.
Finance graduates can take on many investment banking roles. These include serving as accountants, bankers, bond dealers, money managers, and insurance underwriters. Individuals who want to work in banking can begin by working at either the public or private sector banks. Some individual may choose to open their own bank and become a branch manager. For those who prefer to work in finance but have an interest in the stock markets, there are a number of finance jobs available in the financial sector such as financial analysts, financial consultants, and investment banking associates.
All finance professionals must be proficient in financial analysis and in evaluating the risk/reward balance of a particular investment. Financial reporting is very important for understanding the financial information that is necessary in making sound finance decisions. Financial management is not only essential to large financial institutions such as corporations, but also for small business as well. Businesses must keep track of their financial records in order to determine whether or not to borrow from external funding sources, and if so, at what interest rate. Business owners can hire finance professionals to manage their finances on their behalf.
Becoming a finance professional will require education and training. Education typically begins with an associate’s degree from an accredited university or college followed by a master’s or doctorate degree. Students must also complete internship programs as well as coursework in finance. There are many career opportunities available to finance professionals. Career options include bank tellers, banking tellers, credit traders, investment counselors, financial analysts, and more. To learn more about finance careers, log onto the Internet and do a little research. | <urn:uuid:d50d3792-9429-46b5-a279-defc9844fdba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://targetedfinancing.com/finance-careers-jobs-in-the-financial-markets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.965282 | 607 | 3.046875 | 3 |
As college tuition continues to rise and student loan debt is still on the rise, it can be challenging for college students to figure out what’s the best option for borrowing money. In this article, a 25-year old blogger discusses the possibility of using your bank’s cash advance feature instead of taking out private loans.
The Problem with Student Loans
When I was a freshman in college, my mother told me she would pay for my student loans if I got a full-time job. That was not an acceptable answer to me because of the many reasons that come with the “student loan debt spiral”. I ended up taking out $25,000 in student loans (that’s how much students are expected to borrow) while barely making ends meet. Graduating with these debts and not being able to find a job caused me to fall into the “credit score” trap.
Lately, the amount of student loan debt has been increasing exponentially. Student loans carry a lot of risk with them because they can’t be canceled once taken out. The interest rate can go up as much as 7% each year, and there is also a chance that you could end up paying more than the original debt if your income changes or the value of your degree changes.
Options for Financial Aid
Financial aid opportunities are available to students from banks and other sources. Some of the options for financial aid include grants, scholarships, loans, and student savings accounts. If a student has a family member who is willing to co-sign for them, these options can become even more flexible.
I skipped student loans and went bank-to-bank, which I was able to do because of my parents’ retirement accounts. I’m a part-time student at a university that has no loan debt, so it didn’t matter what kind of money I had in the bank.
I also applied for scholarships and grants that were awarded based on financial need.
The Benefits of Using a Bank Cash Advance
With student loans, students are unable to accumulate any interest for an extended period of time. Furthermore, the amount of debt students assume can sometimes be overwhelming and financially crippling. For these reasons, many people prefer to use a bank cash advance as a solution. With a bank cash advance, you can get up to $1000 in cash within 48 hours. You can also make this large sum available in installments with no interest.
Student loans are easy to come by and can be a great tool for young adults just starting out. However, it’s important to know the costs of going this route so that you’re not wasting your money. One way to get around the cost is to go bank-to-bank and use a cash advance instead. You’ll be able to hit the ground running with less debt, but there are still plenty of risks associated with using these funds as opposed to picking up a student loan.
Pros and Cons of Using a Bank Cash Advance
I am going to skip student loans and go bank-to-bank when I graduate. The pros are a drastically lower interest rate, no need for credit checks, the potential for higher returns due to a low risk of default, and lower fees on service. The cons of using bank cash advances include the fact that this is not a long-term solution to your financial problems, and that other banks may charge higher rates than your own bank.
When I graduated college with a $100,000+ student loan debt, I was faced with the realities of my future. I figured that because there are so many students who are drowning in student loan debt, it would be worth exploring other options to pay for education. A bank cash advance is an option for anyone who wants to skip on loans and go to school without any debt whatsoever.
Steps for Success in Using a Bank Cash Advance
On top of all the other benefits, a cash advance can help you reduce your student loan debt. The bank that you select will require you to meet certain requirements before they’ll approve your loan. These include having good credit, not being more than 60 days delinquent on your bills, and not having any outstanding judgments against you in collections.
One of the best ways to learn about personal finance is to go into debt and then get out, so that’s exactly what I did. I got a student loan for my first year of college, but instead of paying it back, I just stopped making payments. After a few months, I was able to start a new credit line with the bank. And you know what? The interest rate on that credit line is lower than my student loan!
Tips for Successfully Applying for a Bank Cash Advance
A cash advance is a short-term loan that can be taken out against your bank account. A cash advance is typically only for emergency situations, such as a car or home repair, or to help you avoid overdraft fees. You’ll need a high credit score to apply for a cash advance, and if your score is low, try other options first, such as borrowing from family or friends.
Going bank-to-bank is a great option if you are in the situation of needing money right away. But there are some pitfalls to watch out for: It’s important that you know how much interest you’re going to be charged and that you understand your options.
The long and short of it is that I am not going to have student loans, because I am not going to go to college. In the end I was able to get into a private college with money that I saved from working in my family’s business
It is important to focus on building a good credit score. The more debt you have, the harder it will be for your credit score to reach where you want it to be. Many people find that going bank-to-bank with student loans can cause them to take out too much money and end up in debt. It’s worth noting that even though this option may seem cheaper, it’s not always better when it comes to your overall financial situation. | <urn:uuid:44f40974-bda3-4ef9-81ea-0a2b4ffc7c18> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.citizens-one-loan.com/loans/student-loans-through-bank/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.974583 | 1,265 | 2 | 2 |
New Orleans – 1846 – Jedidiah Lucas was born under a cloud of misfortune. After the Civil War, circumstances force him to leave New Orleans and destiny leads him to Black Water Township in Louisiana. This quiet, peaceful town, nestled by the woods of Black Water Swamp, has a problem.
Their Sin-Eater has died, and they desperately need another to take his place. The leadership of the town sees opportunity when Jedidiah arrives. By manipulating certain information, the young man is forced to stay, and he is taken in by Paloma Day, an old Gypsy fortune teller whom everyone calls the swamp witch.
Trouble begins with the birth of twin girls, only one of them is pronounced dead at birth. But is she? When a lie is told and a secret is kept, hatred, prejudice and the superstitious nature of the town’s people bring dire consequence to a young girl with a special ability.
When things go terribly wrong in Black Water, the blame is placed on Hattie – The Sin-Eater’s Daughter. | <urn:uuid:fc546216-33ce-4037-acda-db6a307bb366> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://myseashellbooks.com/books/sin-eaters-daughter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95523 | 224 | 1.59375 | 2 |
NEW DELHI: The ministry of rural development on Monday said it will shell out Rs 1,400 crore to provide subsidised loans to women self-help groups in rural India.
The nearly 3 per cent interest subvention given to women will be effective on loans of up to Rs 3 lakh taken after April 1, 2013. The decision, which is expected to benefit 3 crore women in 25 lakh selfhelp groups across the country, comes just ahead of the general elections due in April.
The move would benefit a large number of women SHGs in Odisha, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh. In the first phase, the Jairam Ramesh-led ministry will provide loans to women self-help groups at the rate of 7 per cent against over 10 per cent market rate in the 150 identified naxal-affected districts, making it at par with crop loans to farmers.
This would cost Rs 650 crore to the government and would be funded from the Rs 2,600-crore budgetary allocation to the ministry under the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM). However, in the remaining districts across the country, the women self-help groups would be compensated through rebate which will cost the ministry another Rs 750 crore, taking the total outgo on subsidised loans to Rs 1,400 crore.
“This means that they would get loan at market rate only, but if they pay it back promptly, the difference in the amount between the market rate and subsidised rate will be credited to the account of women SHGs,” Ramesh said, adding that the rates would be further lowered to 4 per cent for SHGs who repay the loan on time.
According to Ramesh, the idea is to provide subsidised loans to all 640 districts in the next five years. “In 2012-13, 85 per cent of bank loans to SHGs were in four southern states – Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala. I have spoken to the finance minister and banks and hope that new states will be added to the list in 2014-15,” he said, adding that Bihar, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra are already picking up.
As per the ministry, banks had given Rs 21,000 crore as loans to SHGs in 2012-13. Of this, Bihar got Rs 222 crore, West Bengal (Rs 515 crore), UP (Rs 450 crore), Maharashtra (Rs 580 crore), MP (Rs 137 crore) and Gujarat (Rs 119 crore).
Under the National Ajeevika Mission, the ministry aims to raise the number of SHGs to 60 lakh in next five years enrolling 7 crore women as compared to 3 crore now. The ministry claims to have added 30 lakh women through 3 lakh new SHGs under NRLM in 2013-14. | <urn:uuid:2a3a8d6f-f70d-45af-902b-d0a5c2ca6e9d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.brics-info.org/govt-to-provide-rs-1400-crore-loan-subsidy-for-rural-women-self-help-groups/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.954766 | 593 | 1.726563 | 2 |
On the Red Sea, off the coast of the port city of Jazan, are the Farasan Islands, an archipelago comprising 84 islands, its main island named Farasan as well. Ask any local and they’ll tell you: each island offers something exciting and truly unique. From lush greenery to the coastal cliffs, a clear view of the Red Sea, pristine beaches, and coral reefs, Farasan is indeed a perfect getaway for the advent traveler looking for a slice of paradise by the sea.
With natural beauty and historical sites, the Farasan Islands are set to become #SaudiArabia's first natural reserve on @UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Program (MAB) of UNESCO by the end of next month.— SAPRAC (@SapracOrg) August 4, 2020
Via Saudi Gazette pic.twitter.com/x5sdSd4HQX
But, if a day spent just in nature isn’t your cup of tea, the island is also known for its historical sites. One of those sites is the iconic Beit Al Rifai, which was once home to a known pearl trader in the early 20th century, Ahmed Munawar Al Rifai, who built his house in 1922 during the height of pearl trading on the island. Stunning, intricate, and fascinating all at once, local materials were used to build Beit Al Rifai, along with a handful of other materials such as timber and stained glass, imported from overseas.
At first glance the building may look similar to what you might expect to find in India, and that is because Al Rifai wanted his house to be reminiscent of his time trading in the Indian subcontinent. Let’s take the exterior design, for example. The arch gateway is beautifully crafted with geometric shapes and carvings, the Arabic word for “Allah”, and stained glasses, which give it its luxurious appearance.
Plaster decoration and inscription bands in al-rifai house on farasan lsland - jazan province جانب من الزخارف الجصية والاشرطة الكتابية في بيت الرفاعي - جزيرة فرسان منطقة جازان pic.twitter.com/CU8cegCibL— Kamaan كمعان (@AlkamaanKamaan) January 7, 2019
The main entrance and facade of the house bear similar craftsmanship, and the windows are also decorative with triple arches. The interior design is just as impressive. The house itself, which is said to be seven meters tall, has doors, windows, and what resemble shelves with similar carvings, with Qur’anic texts carved over the main entrance.
Get to know Farasan Islands, the Saudi hidden gem that boasts stupendous coastlines, pristine beaches, and rich marine fauna.https://t.co/lCNw8mgGH5— About Her (@AboutHerOFCL) January 20, 2020
Indeed, Beit Al Rifai is one of the hidden pearls on Farasan Island, and an elegant mixture of Indian and Arabic design that is reminiscent of the island’s once thriving pearl trade. If you want to see it for yourself, it is located southeast of the island and not too far from a nearby Ottoman fort. | <urn:uuid:013ab54f-f551-42a3-af06-8a2bc528e2aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.abouther.com/node/35131/lifestyle/travel-food/beit-al-rifai-stunning-pearl-farasan-island-saudi-arabia | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.918091 | 756 | 1.710938 | 2 |
KJV Standard Lesson Commentary 2022-2023, by David C Cook
- Publisher: David C Cook
The Standard Lesson Commentary (SLC) has been the world's most popular annual Bible commentary for over two decades. Experience 52 weeks of study in a single volume with thorough Bible study filled with relevant examples and questions. In this edition you will find printed Scripture, verse-by verse explanations of the Bible text, detailed lesson background, a pronunciation guide for challenging words, discussion starters, and a review quiz for each quarter.
This edition of the SLC, developed for use with the King James Version Bible, is based on the popular Uniform Series, also known as the International Sunday School Lessons (ISSL). This series, made by scholars from many different church fellowships, outlines an in-depth study of the Bible over a six-year period.
The four primary themes for the 2022-2023 study are:
- God’s Exceptional Choice (Genesis, Exodus, Deuteronomy, Judges, 1 Samuel, Ephesians)
- From Darkness to Light (2 Chronicles, Isaiah, Joel, Luke, 1 Corinthians, 2 Timothy, James, 1 Peter)
- Jesus Calls Us (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Acts)
- The Righteous Reign of God (Isaiah, Ezekiel, Zephaniah, Zechariah, Matthew, Romans, Galatians, 1 Corinthians)
The SLC makes a wonderful primary resource for an adult Sunday school class, personal Bible study, or as a supplemental resource for any curriculum following the ISSL/Uniform Series. Nearly two dozen ministers, teachers, and Christian education specialists lend their expertise to SLC, making it the most popular annual Bible commentary available.
- Based on the KJV Bible text
- Printed Scripture
- Verse-by-verse explanations
- Pronunciation guide for difficult words
- Discussion starters
- Review quiz for each quarter
Item not available in Mardel Stores.
Check your local store for availability. | <urn:uuid:aa9bd032-aeb7-4135-ad05-feee10396550> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mardel.com/Christian-Bookstore/Bible-Reference-Books/Commentaries/KJV-Standard-Lesson-Commentary-2022-2023-by-David-C-Cook/p/3996279 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.859937 | 433 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Exercises for rotator cuff tears are primarily concerned with placing a gradual increase in load through the torn tendon. These shoulder strengthening exercises stimulate the injury site to heal and build strength throughout the other areas of the rotator cuff to compensate. Perform stretches/ mobility exercises for 5×30 seconds twice daily. Perform strength exercises with 3-4 sets x15 repetitions once daily or every other day. Find a difficulty level that is challenging without causing excessive pain. | <urn:uuid:83f978e1-253c-4f7b-ab11-6030a46d9875> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://onlinephysioexpert.com/diagnosis/rotator-cuff-tear-exercises/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.921399 | 92 | 1.734375 | 2 |
The term “business software” identifies a collection of computer programs that do different organization functions. They are usually used to increase productivity and measure several aspects of organization. You can find various sorts of business program, including spreadsheets and CRMs. Let’s look at what each type of organization software is and exactly how they can advantage your company. Listed below are three of the most extremely common types. Listed below are a few of the top applications for small companies.
The early use of business software changed manual white-collar work. This was profitable mainly because one laptop https://dominohive.com/generated-post/ may replace 90 pencil drivers. Businesses would not need to pay designed for the benefits of another employee. Inside the 1980s, word processors became commonplace, and IBM typewriters became vanished. Microsoft Term, a word processor chip designed for organization use, was the next most popular. Chart programs cracked in popularity in the nineties.
Sometimes, an enterprise application will not function properly because of a sudden error. The situation could be because of data insight or environment issues, or perhaps it might be people error. In such a case, the business software support team can get involved. They assessment and change the consumer instructions to mend the problem. They might also use the data from the business user to aid determine the cause of the mistake. Then, they will implement an everlasting fix pertaining to the problem.
While a few of these applications may appear unnecessary, they are really essential for small companies. These tools allow employees to collaborate together and get their work done faster. Earning it possible to keep touching colleagues and other people in the company. Slack is a great sort of business application. The software is certainly intuitive helping teams connect efficiently. The interface allows you to easily search through users, discussions, and plugs. This makes obtaining information a piece of cake and allows you to focus on the duties at hand. | <urn:uuid:9aa5ee41-2c1c-46e7-b6d4-d2e21ed9dac8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://healthtoday.pk/several-types-of-business-application-and-how-they-will-benefit-your-company/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.957757 | 394 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Welded as an assembly consisting of a stud and a nut. After paint, the integrated nut is removed by the assembler to reveal a clean surface. The wire eyelet is placed over the stud and the nut is reinstalled to the specified torque.
- Integrated nut serves to protect two contact surfaces from coating and paint process
- Low-impedance electrical solution
- Available anti-rotation features to prevent wire strain during assembly
- Repeatability and corrosion resistance
Ground studs are available in M6 and M8 sizes and several lengths. | <urn:uuid:853764f0-fcca-4742-bd1c-baf1fc6027d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.stanleyengineeredfastening.com/fasteners/studs/tucker-electrical-grounding-studs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.921302 | 119 | 1.539063 | 2 |
The Importance of Stocktaking in Hospitality: Guide for Managers
Inventory or stocktaking is a process of calculating the amount of stock you have (including food, drink, equipment, etc.) and turning it into a report. Your report tells you the quantity of stock you have, the value of it, and lets you compare it against your previous inventories.
There are many businesses out there that only do a stock take once a year. Maybe the levels of stock they have don’t change much or they think the job requires too many work hours.
Using stocktaking software, however, can speed the process up and help you to increase gross profit, reduce loss, improve control of allowances, reduce waste, and provide instant results.
Purpose of Stocktaking
Stocktaking allows you to keep an accurate track of the physical stock you have, what’s been sold, and what hasn’t. It’s all about comparing the physical stock to what the report says then finding any discrepancies. Calculating wastage and allowances will then give you the whole picture as to what’s gone through the till, what’s been wasted, and what has been given away as complimentary.
Stocktaking also allows you to see if there’s a significant discrepancy between what you think you should have and what you actually have. Your stock take can highlight a number of problems including theft and shrinkage issues.
In your latest stock take, let’s say you notice that your team has thrown away a large number of napkins. When you ask them why, they tell you it’s because the napkins were wet. When you go to investigate the issue, you find a small leak in the room where you store napkins. Thanks to your stock take you’ve discovered an issue!
That’s not nearly all though, there are 9 critical reasons why you should carry out a regular stock take.
A robust stocktaking method allows you to:
- Measure how well a product is performing against others.
- Become efficient at ordering and forecasting stock levels.
- Keep up to date with your current purchase prices and lets you see when they are creeping up.
- Uncover and eliminate theft within the business.
- Calculate how much your stock costs to buy, what price to sell it at, and how much stock you have on your site.
- Ascertain accurate gross profit margins for your products.
- Maintain gross profit levels or find out why you are not hitting your targets.
- Know what stock you have in your building and when it’s due to go out of date.
- Discover dead stock: seeing how long you’ve had particular products for helps you to determine which items sell and which don’t.
Want to Learn More?
Types of Stocktaking
The best way to take stock is to have some decent software that can provide same day reports and real-time information. While the equipment can be costly, the benefits far outweigh any other type of stocktaking method and can make operations run smoothly wherever you work.
A few other methods of stocktaking include:
- Periodic stocktaking – an inventory method that happens at the end of an accounting period or on a set periodic basis. This method will help you effortlessly keep up-to-date records of either your inventory or costs of goods sold.
- Spot checks are scheduled (and sometimes random) manual checks on stock or cash in tills. They can allow you to make sure there are no discrepancies between what your software thinks you should have and what is actually there. These are also good to do if you think theft is occurring.
- Continuous, perpetual stocktaking is done throughout the year at a few different points.
- Stock out validation happens when stock levels have become dangerously low.
- Annual stocktaking is done in the last month of the financial year. In some circumstances, it may require premises to close for a few days.
Advantages of Stocktaking
The importance of stocktaking is clear. It allows you to regularly monitor and increase gross profit, reduce loss, improve control of allowances, and reduce waste.
Traditionally, stock reporting was carried out on one day, the numbers crunched over the next couple of days, and then you got your results after a few days (or sometimes a week). With a decent (preferably electronic) stock taking method, you get same-day reports, and with epos and back office systems, you can even get live, real time reports.
If you have back office software connected to your tills, the reporting of sales, staff transactions, and stock movements highlights anomalies quickly. Which means that you can get to work finding out why money is missing or stock levels are down.
Receiving real-time data this way allows you to be proactive and responsive to the current needs of the business.
With a slower method, you’d have to wait until your next stocktake to find out if you had fixed a problem, but with same day reports you can implement changes and find out whether the changes have worked the same day or over a much shorter period, helping to rectify issues much quicker.
What to Read Next:
- 17 Ways to Reduce Food Waste in Your Restaurant
- How to Foster Motivation in Your Restaurant Employees
- Restaurant Hospitality Quiz | <urn:uuid:953df0ce-1005-4524-bca8-214f89882a95> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.highspeedtraining.co.uk/hub/importance-of-stocktaking/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.947191 | 1,116 | 1.882813 | 2 |
This section shows the ZIP code 06022 Connecticut economy using the most recent economic analysis from the 2021 Census Bureau. Starting with Figure 1 which shows the median earnings per worker, 06022 depicts it has a Median earnings of $105,060 which is the second most median earnings of all the zip codes in the greater ZIP code 06022 region. The zip code with the highest median earnings per worker in the area is 06092 which indicates a median earnings of $127,546 (21.4% larger). Comparing median earnings per worker to the United States average of $50,459, ZIP code 06022 is about twice as large. Also, in contrast to the state of Connecticut, median earnings per worker of $62,627, ZIP code 06022 is 67.8% larger.
The next section examines a variety of different income statistics for the ZIP code 06022 metropolitan area. In Figure 3 we see that it it has the largest proportion of earnings between $15,000 and $19,999 at 24.1% of the total and is ranked #1. Second, it has the largest proportion of earnings between $75,000 and $99,999 at 50.6% of the total and is ranked #1.
Figure 7 examines the number of self employed people in the ZIP code 06022 metro area based on the number of people who reported any self employment income. 06022 shows it has a Self Employed of 47.5% which is ranked #1 of all zip codes in the greater ZIP code 06022 region.
Figure 13 shows the cost of living and other consumer spending categories for a variety of cost components from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. 06022 depicts it has the hightest cost of 120.7 for the cost of grocery items group.
ZIP code 06022 Labor Force Charts
The next two charts look at very recent, monthly trended employment related performance using data estimated by economists at the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The BLS tracks unemployment statistics for a large number of areas throughout the country on a month to month basis. However, not every location in the U.S. is tracked by the BLS so the chart will only show the closest location available (which may be the same location.) Figure 14 shows the monthly unemployment rate for the area as well as a comparison to the overall national economy measure for the United States. Note that in March to April 2020, the Covid 19 recession or great recession occurred and affects this metric. . It shows that from January 2010 to before the disasterous Covid-19 virus Pandemic the monthly unemployment rate went from 8.4% to 3.1% in March 2020. This represents a decrease in the monthly unemployment rate of 63.1%. Since that time, the monthly unemployment rate has gone to 3.6% This represents an increase in the monthly unemployment rate of 16.1%.
In Figure 15 the monthly labor force participation which are people actively looking for work are also defined as unemployed but do not include people who have given up looking for work. . It shows that from January 2010 to before the disasterous Covid-19 virus Pandemic the monthly labor force participation went from 5,641 to 5,782 in March 2020. This represents an increase in the monthly labor force participation of 2.5%. Since that time, the monthly labor force participation has gone to 5,566 This represents a decrease in the monthly labor force participation of 3.7%. Figure 17 shows the labor force participation using the estimated percentage of people either working or actively looking for work. ZIP code 06022 shows it has a Labor Force Participation of 100.0% which is ranked #1 of all zip codes in the metro area.
ZIP code 06022 Poverty Charts
Figure 31 shows the "Gini Index of Income Inequality" with a range from zero (perfect equality) to one (perfect inequality). ZIP code 06022 depicts it has a Gini Index of 6.9% which is the smallest in terms of the gini index of all the other zip codes in the greater region.
ZIP code 06022 Work Commute Charts
Figure 33 shows a more detailed view of how the population commutes to work for (for example to downtown ZIP code 06022 or elsewhere.) ZIP code 06022 has the smallest proportion of people who drove alone at 68% of the total. Second, it has the largest proportion of people who carpooled at 32% of the total and is ranked #1.
In Figure 35 is shown a frequency distribution of the time that people leave for work. ZIP code 06022 has the largest proportion of people who leave for work between 6am to 630am at 33% of the total and is ranked #1. Second, it has the largest proportion of people who leave for work between 7am to 730am at 32% of the total and is ranked #1. Third, it has the largest proportion of people who leave for work between 12noon to 4pm at 35% of the total and is ranked #1.
The next graph in Figure 36 shows the average number of minutes that it takes for people to commute to work. ZIP code 06022 has the largest proportion of people with commute time of less than 5 minutesutes at 33% of the total and is ranked #1. Second, it has one of the largest proportions of people with commute time between 40 to 44 minutes at 35% of the total and is ranked #2. The only larger zip code being 06061 with 44%.
Figure 40 shows the total number of vehicles available for transportation and ZIP code 06022 has the largest proportion of no vehicle available at 32% of the total and is ranked #1. Second, it has the largest proportion of 2 vehicles available at 68% of the total and is ranked #1.
ZIP code 06022 Jobs Charts
The table in Figure 48, shows ZIP code 06022 employment data in terms of job categories and salary data.
ZIP code 06022 Self Employment Charts
Figure 49 shows economic activity in terms of the number of people who are self employed in incorporated local business by industry. ZIP code 06022 shows it has the hightest entrepreneurs of 100% for the self employed in natural resources, construction, and maintenance businesses aggregate.
Similar to the last chart is Figure 50 which shows the number of people who are self employed but in more detailed industry categories such as manufacturing, retail sales, residential real estate, commercial real estate, health care, exports/imports, and advanced industries, etc. ZIP code 06022 indicates it has the hightest entrepreneurs of 100% for the self employed in construction classification.
Cities marked with an asterisk ("*") should resemble a city or town but do not have their own government (i.e. Mayor, City Council, etc.) These places should be recognizable by the local community but their boundaries have no legal status. Technically these include both Census Designated Places (CDP) and Census County Divisions (CCD) which are defined by the Census Bureau along with local authorities. (For more information, see:
Census Designated Place or "CDP")
and Census County Division "CCD".)
For comparison purposes, the US national average and the state average value are provided. Additionally, the "Combined Statistical Area" or CSA is shown that is closest to the city, county, or zip code shown. A CSA is a large grouping of adjacent metropolitan areas that identified by the Census Bureau based on social and economic ties. (See: Combined Statistical Area)
Data sources - Mouse over icon in upper right corner of each chart for information. | <urn:uuid:38f8640b-c4e3-4f8c-9ce4-0f1ddfef64fd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.towncharts.com/Connecticut/Economy/06022-Zipcode-CT-Economy-data.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.94221 | 1,594 | 1.625 | 2 |
An experimental music class starts February at the Queen Anne’s County Arts Council’s Centre for the Arts in Centreville, Maryland. This innovative class combines collaborative listening and improvisation with musicians of all levels performing as a group using a range of percussive instruments, keyboards and vocals. Students will take turns establishing core rhythms and melodies, and build on them in increments to create a collaborative work culminating in a recording and group performance opportunity at a date to be determined.
Percussion and some keyboards will be provided. Participants can use their own instruments with the instructor’s approval. Instructor MJ Neuberger is a songwriter and performer who has entertained crowds at the Nuyorican Poets Café, Tribes and ART in New York, Busboys & Poets in D.C., and was a featured performer at the 2012 Dewey Music Conference and the Bay Music Festival.
Taught in four-week sessions, the class runs on Thursdays from 5:30 to 7 p.m. beginning on February 28. Advance registration is required. The deadline for registration is February 21. Ages 12 and up.
Centre for the Arts classes are designed to renew existing artistic interests and develop new skills. Office hours at 206 South Commerce Street, Centreville, Maryland, are Tuesday through Friday from 9 am to 5 pm and Saturday from 10 am to 2 pm. To register for classes or for information, call 410-758-2520 or visit www.arts4u.info. The Centre receives support through a grant from the Maryland State Arts Council.
The Queen Anne’s County Arts Council, Inc., is a non-profit organization committed to promoting, expanding and sustaining the arts. We connect artists to audiences and the community to the arts. | <urn:uuid:1d1dc2e8-eb0d-4c00-8ac1-4de50b9eed24> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.shoreupdate.com/news/musical-co-op-class-in-february/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.930923 | 362 | 1.515625 | 2 |
PICT to RTF Converter
Convert pict to rtf online & free
There are many benefits to converting a PICT file to RTF. Perhaps the most obvious benefit is that a RTF can be read on any device, whereas a PICT file is limited to devices that support the PICT format. Converting a PICT to RTF also makes the text easier to read, as RTF files tend to be more readable than PICT files. Additionally, if you want to make changes to a document, it can be much easier to do so in a RTF format than in PICT format. Finally, converting an PICT file to RTF is a quick and easy process that can be done online for free using this free online PICT to RTF converter. | <urn:uuid:6ef38da0-d1c1-479d-862f-236a0b88cb6b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fileproinfo.com/converter/pict-to-rtf | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.948583 | 160 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Eco City Vehicles PLC (ECV), a developer and supplier of eco-friendly commercial vehicles and the London licensed taxi, launched an all-electric prototype of the London-licensed Mercedes Vito taxi, developed by a consortium of companies including ECV’s manufacturing partner Penso, Mercedes Benz UK and Zytek Automotive.
The eVito Taxi is powered by a 70 kW Zytek electric drive system, driving the front wheels through a custom designed Vocis/Graziano transmission. A 38 kWh Valence Li-Ion battery power pack installed in a weatherproof enclosure beneath the floor allows the internal space of the taxi to remain unaffected by the electric conversion. The vehicle has a top speed of up to 75 mph.
With zero road emissions, it is also expected to be fully compliant with the Mayor of London’s proposed new clean air standards for London taxis, due to be introduced in time for the London Olympics.
The eVito taxi program has been part-funded by a £2.5-million (US$3.9-million) grant from regional development agency Advantage West Midlands (AWM) whose Advantage Niche Vehicle Research & Development Programme (NVRDP) brought together the necessary expertise from Zytek, Penso and fellow consortium members: Vocis/Graziano, Valence Technology and Mercedes Benz UK—which donated the Vito platform that underwent the electric transformation.
The Vito, co-developed by ECV with One80 Ltd and Mercedes Benz, was launched in June 2008 as an alternative to the old-style TX4 taxi. Since then it has captured a more than 30% share of new “black cab” taxi sales in London. The Group has also launched a 3.5 tonne series hybrid Mitsubishi truck in the UK.
One80 Ltd provides its patented rear-wheel steering technology for the eVito as well as the Vito taxi, enabling the vehicle to meet the Public Carriage Office requirement for a minimum turning circle of 25 feet.
Later this year, the consortium plans to conduct controlled trials to confirm eVito’s suitability for road usage as a London licensed taxi.
Penso, based in Coventry, is an advanced engineering and niche manufacturing group of companies, providing products and services to mainstream and low volume OEMs globally. Penso manufactures the Vito Taxi for Eco City Vehicles and has been one of the lead partners responsible for the delivery of the eVito taxi prototype. | <urn:uuid:3b95be6f-ecaa-4973-ba0a-3bbe494ee1bc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.greencarcongress.com/2010/02/evito-20100208.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.932718 | 511 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Collection of non-autopositional universes obtained by the reiteration of a universal pragmatics to a material of philosophical and regional terms; open list of non-conceptual symbols obtained beginning from a list of philosophical concepts.
A non-dictionary is produced from a pragmatics beginning with the vision-in-One and its ordination of conceptual philosophical—indeed philosophizable—material (regional terms). To the unitary philosophical autosufficiency it opposes the sufficiency-to-the-Multiple of the One real rather than the multiplicity of philosophical and semantic decisions. Whereas philosophical dictionaries constitute an inventory, in the name of unity, of the multiple opinions in the subject of a presupposed-Being or (psychoanalytic variant) of a supposed-Other, a non-dictionary—without another supposition—translates the real multiplicity inherent to the force (of) thought beginning from an empirical plurality of concepts. The force (of) thought manifests the repertory terms as so many non-unitary universes.
Organon or means through which the One can enact or possess a causality without being alienated in the material of its action. Instance which is not real like the One but produced through cloning. Transcendental and aprioritic, it has its real essence in the One without adding or subtracting anything to the Real itself which determines it in-the-last-instance to a local occasion. | <urn:uuid:e510cabb-6e4d-4af3-8481-1131ad400e41> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://speculativeheresy.wordpress.com/category/reversibility/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.892797 | 297 | 2.125 | 2 |
Bras Family History
Bras Name Meaning
Dutch: from Middle Dutch bras ‘arm’. This was probably a descriptive nickname for someone with some peculiarity of the arm but the word was also used as a measure of length and may also have denoted a surveyor (compare 3 below). Spanish; Portuguese (Brás): from a vernacular form of the personal name Blasius popularized through the cult of the 4th-century Christian martyr. Compare Portuguese Braz . French: from Old French bras ‘arm’ a term used as a measure of length hence a metonymic occupational name for a surveyor. Breton (mainly Le Bras): nickname for a corpulent man from bras ‘big’. Polish (Braś): unexplained.
Source: Dictionary of American Family Names ©2013, Oxford University Press | <urn:uuid:a37068bc-b06b-455e-8509-07de98bf8f03> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ancestry.com.au/name-origin?surname=bras | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.939544 | 177 | 2.96875 | 3 |
The Patriot Post® · The Seen and Unseen
Claude Frederic Bastiat (1801-50) — a French classical liberal theorist, political economist and member of the French National Assembly — wrote an influential essay titled “That Which Is Seen and That Which Is Not Seen.” Bastiat argued that when making laws or economic decisions, it is imperative that we examine not only what is seen but what is unseen. In other words, examine the whole picture.
Americans who support tariffs on foreign goods could benefit immensely from Bastiat’s admonition. A concrete example was the Bush administration’s 8 to 30 percent tariffs in 2002 on several types of imported steel. They were levied in an effort to protect jobs in the ailing U.S. steel industry. Those tariffs caused the domestic price for some steel products, such as hot-rolled steel, to rise by as much as 40 percent. The clear beneficiaries of the steel tariffs were steel industry executives and stockholders and the 1,700 or so steelworkers whose jobs were saved. But there is no such thing as a free lunch or a something-for-nothing machine. Whenever there is a benefit of doing something, there is a guaranteed cost.
A study by the Peterson Institute for International Economics predicted that saving those 1,700 jobs in the steel industry would cost American consumers $800,000 per job, in the form of higher prices. That’s just the monetary side of the picture. According to a study commissioned by the Consuming Industries Trade Action Coalition, steel-using industries — such as the U.S. auto industry, its suppliers, heavy construction equipment manufacturers and others — were harmed by higher steel prices. It is estimated that the steel tariffs caused at least 4,500 job losses in no fewer than 16 states, with over 19,000 jobs lost in California, 16,000 in Texas and about 10,000 each in Ohio, Michigan and Illinois. In other words, industries that use steel were forced to pay higher prices, causing them to have to raise prices on what they produced. As a result, they became less competitive in both domestic and international markets and thus had to lay off workers.
Tariff policy beneficiaries are always seen, but its victims are mostly unseen. Politicians love this. The reason is simple. The beneficiaries know for whom to cast their ballots and to whom to give campaign contributions. Most often, the victims do not know whom to blame for their calamity.
Here’s my question to those who want to use tariffs to fight cheap imports in the name of saving jobs: Seeing as back in 2002, the typical hourly wage of a steelworker ranged between $15 and $20, in addition to fringe benefits — so we might be talking about an annual wage package averaging $50,000 to $55,000 — how much sense did it make for American consumers to have to pay $800,000 in higher prices, not to mention lost employment in steel-using industries, to save each job? It would have been cheaper to tax ourselves and give each of those 1,700 steelworkers a $100,000 annual check. Doing so would have been far less costly to Americans than the steel tariffs, but it would have been politically impossible. Why? The cost of protecting those steel jobs would have been apparent and hence repulsive to most Americans. Tariffs conceal such costs.
When Congress creates a special privilege for some Americans, it must of necessity come at the expense of other Americans. Then Americans who are harmed, such as the steel-using auto industry, descend on Congress asking for some kind of relief for themselves. It all reminds me of a passage in a Negro spiritual play written by Marcus Cook Connelly, titled “The Green Pastures,” wherein God laments to the angel Gabriel, “Every time Ah passes a miracle, Ah has to pass fo’ or five mo’ to ketch up wid it.” I think Congress ought to get out of the miracle business and leave miracle-making up to God.
COPYRIGHT 2016 CREATORS.COM | <urn:uuid:846264a7-2218-49be-9b4e-86ca423f3b3c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://patriotpost.us/opinion/41172-the-seen-and-unseen-2016-03-09/print | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965305 | 841 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Who is this service for? College and career counseling may be right for your son or daughter if you want to help them gain an increased understanding of both their core personality and their unique interests. Looking at these two dimensions together will give them an excellent composite picture for making well-informed college and life work decisions.
What you can expect to receive?
Your student will walk away with a clear understanding of their core personality and its significance in finding a well-suited career. The more they understand who they are the better they will be in discerning their future. They will also discover which broad occupational fields they are best suited for, receive specific college or career recommendations and gain insight into their own personal approach to work. This composite perspective will help you and them approach the college and career decision-making process with greater insight and confidence.
What will be included?
Two Assessments: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Strong Interest Inventory
1. An introductory session to clarify their personal interests, goals and questions 2. A second session providing a personalized interpretation of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (See a Sample MBTI Career Report) 3. A third session providing a personalized interpretation of the Strong Interest Inventory (See a sample SII College Report)
Two Customized Interpretive Reports: These reports will summarize key findings and include:
1. Suggestions to help guide them in their college or career decision-making process 2. Perspective on their unique preference in work tasks and work environment 3. Input on developing a customized strategy to improve their college and career exploration What is the price? $400
"Little did I know that walking into that meeting would reveal so much about myself, and my potential. As a student I never thought that some of the rather "hidden" dreams and talents would really mean much, but seeing it on paper has opened my eyes. It helped me look at my education with more understanding.” Mark | <urn:uuid:dbc6f142-f321-4897-a030-164af7d2b70a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.direction4lifework.com/college-students.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.954812 | 403 | 1.945313 | 2 |
To me, time and money are resources I have that I can use to build a meaningful and happy life. I am very fortunate to be in the position where that is possible. Far too many people never get the luxury of thinking about this. They must instead trade as much of their time for money as possible, so that they can buy the things they need to survive. In that situation, it is obvious what to aim for: enough money to survive.
For those of us with more than enough money to survive, the question of what to aim for is a little more difficult. It seems that sometimes we focus too much on the intermediate steps—the things that give us the ability to get the things that really matter to us. In other words, I think we focus too much on saving time and accumulating money, and not enough on why we want that extra time and money.
Sometimes I tell people that the point of improving productivity isn’t to get more work done. That is an overstatement, but it gets their attention.
The point of focusing on my productivity is to make better use of time. Sometimes, that might mean getting more work done, but often it means getting the same amount of work done in less time, thereby freeing up more time for the other things that matter in my life.
In other words, I use productivity to “buy” me time to do all of the things that matter to me. Those things include professional and personal goals.
It is easy to get caught in the trap of focusing on being more productive just for the sake of being more productive. I’ve fallen into it from time to time. I’ll catch myself getting so obsessive about not wasting any time that I feel stressed out and worried, even though I am not behind on any actual tasks.
Now that I know I have this tendency, I watch for it. I track all of my work hours, and have done for years. But I only track all of my time (including non-work hours) occasionally, when I’m troubleshooting a time use problem or just think I need a time use “check up.” Author Laura Vanderkam recently tracked all of her time for an entire year, and she learned interesting things. I am tempted to try it, too, but only if I can remember to not compete with myself for optimal time use. Wasting time is necessary, sometimes, too.
I have to track the hours I charge to clients, but I could choose not to track the other work hours. I find it useful to see how I’m spending all of my work time, though. I watch for overwork as much as I watch for slacking off. I’ve been guilty of both of those things at different times, and neither is sustainable. If I overwork for too long, I start accumulating the risks I discussed in my last post about working long hours. If I slack off for too long, I run the risk of damaging my career, and eventually ending up with not enough money.
In general, I tend more towards overwork than slacking off, and over the years, I have learned some of my “danger zones”—things that tend to tip me towards unsustainable overwork. One of my biggest danger zones is the week or two right after a crunch time. I described my recent crunch time in my last newsletter. I am just finishing that crunch time now. As I mentioned in the newsletter, I find I need to consciously stop working long hours and unwind, or I can slip into a habit of working more hours than needed, which I cannot actually sustain, so eventually translates to inefficient time use. Essentially, I start unconsciously “stealing” time back, but doing it in a suboptimal way so that I end up feeling stressed and exhausted for no good reason, and still don’t feel like I have time for the non-work things that matter most to me.
Luckily, I’ve learned that I tend to do this, and now I guard against it. Last Friday afternoon, I looked at my to do list and my kanban board and judged that I was back on track. I’d done what I needed to get done that week, and didn’t really need to work much over the weekend. I had to post a couple of things that were mostly set up to go and sign up for an upcoming networking event. So I wrote an “only do this” work list for the weekend. I was allowed to do those things, but nothing more.
When my husband and I sat down to plan our weekend over beers after the kids were in bed that night, we planned in some family fun, but I also wrote “hammock time” on the weekend plan. I wouldn’t normally write unstructured relaxation time on the plan, but I find that specific reminder is useful when I’m winding down from a crunch time.
On Sunday evening, I spent 5-10 minutes thinking ahead to the week. I checked my project plans and calendar to see what milestones were coming up in the next month, and sketched out a plan for the week. I can lose sight of the medium term strategy when I’m in the short term weeds of a crunch time, which can lead to bad time use decisions and a perpetual cycle of crunch times. So again, I consciously stepped back from that, and made sure I made better decisions.
There’s nothing magic to this, but it is easy to forget to do it, particular if you’re caught up in aiming for the wrong things. The most important productivity tip I know is to be clear on what your goals are and how the way you use your time supports those goals. Then watch for your bad habits that tend to pull you out of alignment. Every once and awhile, you have to take a step back and check your aim. | <urn:uuid:60c6a154-e1b0-48dd-981b-7f32940f28e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beyondmanaging.com/2016/06/aim-right-things/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.973538 | 1,230 | 1.703125 | 2 |
If you enjoy computerized personality tests, you might consider visiting Apply Magic Sauce (https://applymagicsauce.com). The Web site prompts you to enter some text you have written—such as e-mails or blogs—along with information about your activities on social media. You do not have to provide social media data, but if you want to do it, you either allow Apply Magic Sauce to access your Facebook and Twitter accounts or follow directions for uploading selected data from those sources, such as your history of pressing Facebook’s “like” buttons. Once you click “Make Prediction,” you will see a detailed psychogram, or personality profile, that includes your presumed age and sex, whether you are anxious or easily stressed, how quickly you give in to impulses, and whether you are politically and socially conservative or liberal.
Examining the psychological profile that the algorithm derives from your online traces can certainly be entertaining. On the other hand, the algorithm’s ability to draw inferences about us illustrates how easy it is for anyone who tracks our digital activities to gain insight into our personalities—and potentially invade our privacy. What is more, psychological inferences about us might be exploited to manipulate, say, what we buy or how we vote.
It seems that our like clicks by themselves can be pretty good indicators of what makes us tick. In 2015 David Stillwell and Youyou Wu, both at the University of Cambridge, and Michal Kosinski of Stanford University demonstrated that algorithms can evaluate what psychologists call the Big Five dimensions of personality quite accurately just by examining a Facebook user’s likes. These dimensions—openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism—are viewed as representing the basic dimensions of personality. The degree to which they are present in individuals describes who those people are.
The researchers trained their algorithm using data from more than 70,000 Facebook users. All the participants had earlier filled out a personality questionnaire, and so their Big Five profile was known. The computer then went through the Facebook accounts of these test subjects looking for likes that are often associated with certain personality characteristics. For example, extroverted users often give a thumbs-up to activities such as “partying” or “dancing.” Users who are especially open may like Spanish painter Salvador Dalí.
Then the investigators had the program examine the likes of other Facebook users. If the software had as few as 10 for analysis, it was able to evaluate that person about as well as a co-worker did. Given 70 likes, the algorithm was about as accurate as a friend. With 300, it was more successful than the person’s spouse. Even more astonishing to the researchers, feeding likes into their program enabled them to predict whether someone suffered from depression or took drugs and even to infer what the individual studied in school.
The project grew out of work that Stillwell began in 2007, when he created a Facebook app that enabled users to fill out a personality questionnaire and get feedback in exchange for allowing investigators to use the data for research. Six million people participated until the app was shut down in 2012, and about 40 percent gave permission for the researchers to obtain access to their past Facebook activities—including their history of likes.
Researchers around the world became very interested in the data set, parts of which were made available in anonymized form for noncommercial research. More than 50 articles and doctoral dissertations have been based on it, in part because the Facebook data reveal what people actually do when they are unaware that their behavior is the subject of research.
One obvious use for such psychological insights beyond the realm of research is in advertising, as Sandra C. Matz of Columbia University and her colleagues (among them Stillwell and Kosinski) demonstrated in a 2017 paper. The team made use of something that Facebook offers to its business customers: the ability to target advertisements to people with particular likes. They developed 10 different ads for the same cosmetic product, some meant to appeal to extroverted women and some to introverts. One of the “extrovert” ads, for example, showed a woman dancing with abandon at a disco; underneath it the slogan read, “Dance like no one’s watching (but they totally are).” An “introvert” ad showed a young woman applying makeup in front of a mirror. The slogan said, “Beauty doesn’t have to shout.”
Both campaigns ran on Facebook for a week and together reached about three million female Facebook users, who received messages that were matched to their personality type or to the opposite of their type. When the ads fit the personality, Facebook viewers were about 50 percent more likely to buy the product than when the ads did not fit.
Ad Aimed to Extroverts
Ad Aimed to Introverts
“Dance like no one’s watching (but they totally are).”
“Beauty doesn’t have to shout.”
Two different advertising campaigns for a cosmetic were designed to appeal either to extroverts or introverts and were displayed to female Facebook users in a 2017 study. Sales were highest when ads fit the women’s personality. The ads here were among 10 that were used. Credit: Paul Bradbury Getty Images (left); Getty Images
Advertisers often pursue a different approach: they look for customers who have bought or liked a particular product in the past to ensure that they target people who are already well disposed to their wares. In limiting a target group, it makes sense to take previous consumption into account, Matz says, but this study demonstrated the power of adapting how the message is communicated to a consumer’s personality.
It is a power not lost on marketers. Numerous companies have discovered automated personality analysis and turned it into a business model, boasting about the value it can provide to their customers—although how well the methods used by any individual company actually work is hard to judge.
The now defunct Cambridge Analytica offers an infamous example of how personality profiling based on Facebook data has been applied in the real world. In March 2018 news reports alleged that as early as 2014, the company had begun buying personal Facebook data about more than 80 million users. (Stillwell’s group makes a point of emphasizing that Cambridge Analytica had no access to its data, algorithms or expertise.) The company claimed to specialize in personalized election advertising: the packaging and pinpoint targeting of political messages. In 2016 Alexander Nix, then the company’s CEO, described Cambridge Analytica’s strategy in a presentation in New York City, providing an example of how to convince people who care about gun rights to support a selected candidate. (See a YouTube video of his talk at www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8Dd5aVXLCc.) For voters deemed neurotic (who are prone to worrying), Nix proposed an emotionally based campaign featuring the threat of a burglary and the protective value of a gun. For agreeable people (who value community and family), on the other hand, the approach could feature fathers teaching their sons to hunt.
Cambridge Analytica worked for the presidential campaigns of Ted Cruz and Donald Trump. Nix claimed in his talk that the strategy helped Cruz advance in the primaries, and the company later took some credit for Trump’s victory—although exactly what it did for the Trump campaign and how valuable its work was are in dispute.
Philosopher Philipp Hübl, who, among other things, examines the power of the unconscious, is dubious of the Trump claim. He notes that selling cosmetics costing a few dollars, as in Matz’s study, is very different from swaying voters in an election campaign. “In elections, even undecided voters weigh the possibilities, and it takes more than a few banner ads and fake news to convince them,” Hübl says.
Matz, too, sees limits in what psychological marketing in its current stage of development can accomplish in political campaigns. “Undecided voters in particular may be made more receptive to one or another position,” she says, “but turning a Clintonista into a MAGA voter, well, that was pretty unlikely to happen.” Nevertheless, Matz thinks that such marketing is likely to have some effect on voters, calling the notion that it has no effect “extremely improbable.”
Facebook activity is by no means the only data that can be used to assess your personality. In a 2018 study, computer scientist Sabrina Hoppe of the University of Stuttgart in Germany and her colleagues fitted students with eye trackers. The volunteers then walked around campus and went shopping. Based on their eye movements, the researchers were able to predict four of the Big Five dimensions correctly.
How we speak—our individual tone of voice—may also divulge clues about our personality. Precire Technologies, a company based in Aachen, Germany, specializes in analyzing spoken and written language. It has developed an automated job interview: job seekers speak with a computer by telephone, which then creates a detailed psychogram based on their responses. Among other things, Precire analyzes word selection and certain word combinations, sentence structures, dialectal influences, errors, filler words, pronunciations and intonations. Its algorithm is based on data from more than 5,000 interviews with individuals whose personalities were analyzed.
Precire’s clients include German company Fraport, which manages the Frankfurt Airport, and the international recruitment agency Randstad, which uses the software as a component of its selection process. Andreas Bolder, head of personnel at Randstad’s German branch, says the approach is more efficient and less costly than certain more time-consuming tests.
Software that analyzes faces for clues to mood, personality or other psychological features is being explored as well. It highlights both what is possible and what to fear.
Possibilities and Problems
In early 2018 four programmers at a hacker conference, nwHacks, introduced an app that discerns mood by analyzing face-tracking data captured from the front camera of the iPhone X. The app, called Loki, recognizes emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger and surprise in real time as someone looks at a news feed, and it delivers content based on the person’s emotional state. In an article about Loki, one of the developers said that he and his colleagues created the app to “illustrate the plausibility of social media platforms tracking user emotions to manipulate the content that gets shown to them.” For instance, when a user engages with a news feed or other app, such software could secretly track the person’s emotions and use this “emotion detector” as a guide for targeting advertising. Studies have shown that people tend to loosen their purse strings when they are in a good mood; advertisers might want to push ads to your phone when you are feeling particularly up.
Astonishingly, Loki took just 24 hours to build. In making it, the developers relied on machine learning, a common approach to automated image recognition. They first trained the program with about 100 facial expressions, labeling the emotions that corresponded to each expression. This training enabled the app to “figure out” how facial expression relates to mood, such as, presumably, that the corners of the mouth rise when we smile.
Kosinski, too, has examined whether automated image-recognition technology can surreptitiously discern psychological traits from digital activity. In an experiment published in 2018, he and his Stanford colleague Yilun Wang fed hundreds of thousands of photographs from a dating portal into a computer, along with information on whether the person in question was gay or straight. They then presented the software with pairs of unknown faces: one of a homosexual person and another of a heterosexual individual of the same sex. The program correctly distinguished the sexual orientation of men 81 percent of the time and of women 71 percent of the time; human beings were much less accurate in their assessments.
Given that gay people continue to fear for their lives in many parts of the world, it is perhaps not surprising that the results elicited negative reactions. Indeed, Kosinski got death threats. “People didn’t understand that my intention wasn’t to show how cool it is to predict sexual orientation,” Kosinski says. “The whole paper is actually a warning, a call for increasing privacy.”
In late 2016 computer scientists at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich demonstrated that the personalities of Facebook users can be pinned down more precisely if their likes are coupled with analyses of their profile photograph. Interestingly, the researchers, like many others who use machine-learning software, do not know exactly how the algorithm forms its judgment—for example, whether it relies on such features as a person’s haircut or the formality of the individual’s dress. They are in the dark because machine-learning programs do not reveal the rules they apply in drawing conclusions. The investigators know that the software finds correlations between features in the data and personality but not exactly how it concludes that a man in a photograph is attracted to other men or which characteristics in my e-mail might indicate that I am conscientious and somewhat introverted.
“The image we are often given is that predicting personality is a kind of magic,” says Rasmus Rothe, who was involved in the Swiss study. “But in the final analysis, computer models do nothing other than find correlations.”
The use of facial-recognition technology for analyzing psychology is not merely an object of research. It has been adopted by several commercial enterprises. Israeli company Faception, for example, says it can recognize whether a person has a high IQ or pedophilic tendencies or is a potential terrorist threat.
Even if a correlation is found with a trait, experts have their doubts about the usefulness of such analyses. “All that the algorithms give us are statistical probabilities,” Rothe says. It simply is not possible to identify with certainty whether a person is Mensa material. “What the program can tell us is that someone who looks sort of like you is statistically more likely to have a high IQ. It could easily guess wrong four times out of 10.”
With some applications, incorrect predictions are tolerable. Who cares if Apply Magic Sauce comes to comically erroneous conclusions? But the effect can be devastating in other circumstances. Notably, when the characteristic being analyzed is uncommon, more errors are likely to be made. Even if a company’s computer algorithms were to finger terrorists correctly 99 percent of the time, the false positives found 1 percent of the time could bring harm to thousands of innocent people in populous places where terrorists are rare, such as in Germany or the U.S.
Language Recognition and Suicide Prevention
Of course, automatic psychological assessments can be used to help people live better. Suicide-prevention efforts are emblematic. Facebook has such an initiative. The company had noticed that users on its platform occasionally announce there that they intend to kill themselves. Some have even live streamed their death. An automatic language-processing algorithm is now programmed to report suicide threats to the social network’s contact checkers. If a trained reviewer determines that a person is at risk, the person is shown support options.
Twitter posts might likewise be worth analyzing, according to Glen Coppersmith, a researcher at Qntfy, a company based in Arlington, Va., that combines data science and psychology to creates technologies for public health. Coppersmith has noted that Twitter messages sometimes contain strong evidence of suicide risk and has argued that their use for screening should be seriously considered.
Taking a different tack, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus in Dresden is using smartphones to measure behavioral changes, looking for those characteristic of severe depression. In particular, it is attempting to determine when patients with a bipolar affective disorder are in a manic or depressive phase (see “Smartphone Analysis: Crash Prevention”).
Even designers of algorithms that are created with good intentions must balance the potential for good against the risk of privacy invasion. Samaritans, a nonprofit organization that aims to help people at risk of suicide in the U.K. and Ireland, found this out the hard way a few years ago. In 2014 it introduced an app that scanned Twitter messages for evidence of emotional distress (for example, “tired of being alone” or “hate myself”), enabling Twitter users to learn whether friends or loved ones were undergoing an emotional emergency. But Samaritans did not obtain the consent of the people whose Tweets were being collected. Criticism of the app was overwhelming. Nine days after the program started, Samaritans shut it down. The Dresden hospital has not made the same mistake: it obtains permission from participants before it monitors their smartphone use.
Automated psychological assessments are becoming a part of the digital landscape. Whether they will ultimately be used mainly for good or ill remains to be seen.
Smartphone Analysis: Crash Prevention
If Jan Smith (a pseudonym) were to spend the morning in bed and miss a class, his absence would definitely sound an alarm. This is because the 25-year-old student has a virtual companion that is pretty well informed about the details of his daily life—when he goes for a walk and where, how often he calls his friends, how long he stays on the phone, and so on. It knows that he sent four WhatsApp messages and two e-mails late last night, one of which contained more than 2,000 keystrokes.
Smith suffers from bipolar disorder, a mental illness in which mood and behavior constantly swing between two extremes. Some weeks he feels so depressed that he can hardly get out of bed or manage the basic tasks of everyday life. Then there are phases during which he is so euphoric and full of energy that he completes projects without seeming to need sleep.
Smith installed a program on his smartphone that records all his activities, including not only phone calls but also his GPS and pedometer readings and when he uses which apps. This information transfers to a server at regular intervals. Smith is taking part in a study coordinated by University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus in Dresden. The goal of the project, known as Bipolife, is to improve the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorders. Researchers intend to monitor the smartphones of 180 patients for two years.
They plan to collect moment-to-moment information about each participant’s mental state. Such data should be useful because bipolar patients are often unaware when they are about to have a depressive or manic episode. That was certainly Smith’s experience: “When I was on a high, I threw myself into my work, slept maybe three or four hours, and wrote e-mails to professors at three in the morning. It never occurred to me that this might not be normal. Everyone I knew envied my energy and commitment.”
The smartphone app is meant to send up warning flares. “The transferred data are analyzed by a computer algorithm,” explains Esther Mühlbauer, a psychologist at the Dresden hospital. For example, it recognizes when a participant makes significantly fewer phone calls or suddenly stops leaving the house—or works around the clock, neglecting sleep. “If our program sees that, it automatically e-mails the patient’s psychiatrist,” Mühlbauer says. Then the psychiatrist gets in touch with the patient.
The researchers first have to get a baseline, determining, for example, how particular patients use their cell phones during asymptomatic phases. Then the software notes when the behavior deviates from a patient’s norm so that treatment can be given quickly. Smith finds this monitoring very reassuring: “It means that there is always someone there who looks after my condition,” he says. “This can be a significant support, especially for people who live alone.”—F.L. | <urn:uuid:2b2d09ad-4cc2-4c41-8c6a-2416cb00529d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-internet-knows-you-better-than-your-spouse-does/?utm_campaign=The%20New%20and%20The%20Next&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Revue%20newsletter | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.962585 | 4,133 | 2.234375 | 2 |
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