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Sonya Renee Taylor inspired this course in some ways. She is the author of the The Body is not an Apology and she is a terrific trainer, follow her on IG, she posts regular videos that are strong, will challenge you.
She posted a video about what white people could do in the aftermath of George Floyd’s death. She talked about white people putting our bodies in the literal way. She spoke about the white body as capital in the system. Folks objected, said they could get arrested, etc. and so she made this video in response.
Listen in an embodied way:
- Notice what you are feeling - emotions & physical sensations
- Identify the word/phrase/idea that triggered the feeling (any kind of feeling)
- Why? Why does that word/phrase trigger that feeling?
Important to have a felt sense of consistent stretch, stay in your body, feel your responses. Journal, then we will return to these questions.
Received permission to use this video, Patreon. Really important as we do this work to hold ourselves accountable to PoC whose work we utilize and learn from. Offer to pay folks, but definitely do this work with consent.
Sonja Renee Taylor’s video 4:52
Now that you have heard SRT's message, take a breath, take in this message.
In the chat or in your journal
- What did you feel? Emotionally and physically?
- What words/phrases triggered that feeling?
- Why? Why does that word/phrase trigger that feeling?
As white folks we are socialized to react to messages like SRT’s with defensiveness and reactivity, to push away the deep truth she is telling. In this way white people are kept from perceiving the lived reality of BIPOC. Our automatic reactions are socialized to shut down receiving information about BIPOC’s lived experience or the impact we have on folks. Important to own the inner Amy Cooper in each of us, we are socialized to take control in ways that are foundationally harmful to people of color. Pay attention to the Amy Cooper in ourselves/in yourself. When you hear feedback or the experience of racial control from a BIPOC, pay attention to your automatic responses, take time to move past your automatic responses that may very much be about taking charge or control or worse and ground yourself so your reaction can be from a place of support and integrity. (Take some time to breathe and take this in).
We as White people are so insulated from lived day to day reality of people of color that we don’t know how to respond to receiving that hard information in effective, caring intentional and anti-racist ways. The only way to get better at that and thus less reactive, is to practice feeling that type of information and modifying our reactions - thus building up our muscles.That’s why I invited you to listen to this video, to share some race-based truth telling, so you could reflect on what that feels like while reframing those feelings from purely negative to potential growth.
The biggest challenge for me in doing the work of anti-racism has been leaning into the discomfort of the mistakes I've made so that I can change and grow. One small gauge I have is the sense of openness between me and someone I am striving to support. When that energy shuts down, try opening your heart again. When you feel awkward or tense, wait ot speak or act. White people are going to feel awkward in this work, but try to stay open and real.
When I feel disconnected, I have learned that taking the time to reconnect with myself, to ground, so that I can be receptive is the first work, then I can re-engage more thoughtfully, in more supportive ways.
This is similar to the Quaker concept of the inward or inner light. We often think this is just a glowy thing inside of us, the divine spark, and it is that. But it's also like a beacon searching out the knots and stuck places in our souls and assisting us in facing ourselves so we can grow in integrity.
When Trayvon Martin was murdered by George Zimmerman, I went to protests, I even wrote some things, but I could not feel it for days. I had to ride my bike around and viscerally feel what it would feel like if my son, Simon, was murdered in such a way. Then it pierced me deeply and I wept, but as white folks we are socialized not to feel connected to BIPOC, our hearts are clogged with a sense of racial superiority which denies us our own birthright: to be and feel connected to each person. This disconnection disrupts and twists connections between white folks, too. We need to do this work of becoming human again, not perfect, never perfect, human and real.
Think about how to own up to your own internalized superiority, to notice it, to disrupt it.
Over the next weeks of this eCourse, you will likely experience some race-based reactivity. You may be corrected by another member of this group about something you have said or done, you may hear us talk about something problematic that you have done in the past, you may hear or read things that you don’t understand or agree with from those who are directly impacted by racial injustice in this country.
When that happens, remind yourself that growth is uncomfortable and everytime we experience our own reactions and work not to respond in reactive ways, we are building up our resilience.
We also have to acknowledge that this is long haul work. We will never get to a place where we are perfect at being allies and accomplices in this work.
What we can work towards is making sure that people know that we can hear when we have made a mistake and that people trust that we will learn from it and make different mistakes in the future.
With that in mind, we white folks need to build networks of support for each other in this work. That is one of many reasons why we caucus like we are doing now.
We need to create a community of care and spiritual growth together where we hold each other where we are at in our anti-racist development and love each other enough to be honest and kind to each other rather than “nice” and non-confrontational | <urn:uuid:a81e81ee-2e48-4d41-8deb-3bb0c4b86652> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.afsc.org/radical-acting-faith-remarks-white-reactivity-session-1-lucy-duncan | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.969501 | 1,325 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Naiza overdose: symptoms and treatment
Naiza pills have recently become very popular. They perfectly eliminate pain, localized in various parts of the body, reduce body temperature, relieve inflammation in the joints and spine. But this pharmacological the drug is not harmless is appointed by the doctors only after thorough diagnosis. Even a few tablets of the drug can cause disorders of the digestive system, and an overdose of Naiza can trigger dangerous bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.
The characteristic features of Naiza
Nise (nimesulide) is included in an extensive group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which have the ability to inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase. The biologically active substance is excluded from the process of synthesizing prostaglandins, which cause extensive swelling of the inflamed tissues in the human body. One of the important properties Naiza is the suppression of the aggregation of platelets in large conglomerates.
The drug reduces the risk of bronchospasm, so it is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Nise has antioxidant properties and reduces toxicity of certain products of cellular metabolism and molecular oxygen.
The drug has an effect on glucocorticoid receptors, activates them, increases the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic action. Overdose develops because of the rapid absorption Naiza in oral administration. The presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract reduces the rate of absorption of the active substance inside the blood stream. But reducing the concentration of not – Nise completely digested 2 hours after ingestion.
The drug is metabolized in liver cells, in which chemical reactions occur with the participation of specific enzymes. Formed large conglomerates transported by blood to organs-targets for the treatment of pain and inflammation. After a few hours, the best medicine is completely excreted from the body.
Pharmacological properties of the drug
Overdose Naiza happens if they cure the disease for which the drug is not intended. For example, some people postpone dental visits, and pain relieve anti-inflammatory agent. When tooth decay inside the tooth begin to multiply pathogenic microorganisms by producing toxic compounds, accelerating the pathological process, increasing the pain. A man takes some pills, significantly exceeding the dose. But Nise has antimicrobial properties and its use in this case is absolutely not advisable.
Application Naiza in gel form can also cause an overdose, if often too thick to lubricate the skin. The pain will disappear, but replaced by an allergic reaction. On the top layer of the epidermis appear small pimples, redness, and large blisters. The person feels a strong itching, constantly scratching at the rash.
The drug is recommended by experts for the treatment of diseases, accompanied by painful cramps, inflammation of cartilages, joints and bones. Such pathologies include:
- rheumatoid arthritis;
- osteochondrosis of the various divisions of the vertebral column;
- pain after surgical operations;
- rheumatic myalgia;
- arthritis of various origin;
- joint pains in rheumatism and gout;
- inflammatory processes in tendons, ligaments, soft tissues.
Nise is used in the complex therapy of fever in infectious diseases of viral and bacterial etiology. For prevention of overdose you should not give tablets to young children who are sick with SARS or influenza. Kids are extremely sensitive to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs due to the high vascular permeability. For a child, the doctor will prescribe an analogue Naiza in a sweet syrup or suspension.
How is it possible to overdose Nise
There are many diseases in which the receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug is strictly prohibited. Even after eating one tablet develop warning signs of overdose: bleeding and dizziness. Contraindications for use Naiza are:
- Individual sensitivity to the active substance and included in the pills ingredients.
- Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by violation of the integrity of the mucosa, decreased motility, formation of infectious foci (gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, duodenitis, colitis).
- Hepatic failure, hepatitis, cirrhosis.
- Disruption of the urinary system, occurring against the backdrop of bad discharge and stagnation of urine.
- Allergic reactions to any of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Pregnancy, lactation.
- Children up to age 12 years.
- Heart failure.
- Alcohol or drug dependence.
You cannot take the best medicine for people diagnosed with low blood svorachivanie. The use of multiple tablets will increase the probability of formation of large hematomas, increase the risk of domesticbleeding.
If the damage of the gastric mucosa the drug is absolutely contraindicated, as quickly provoke all the signs of an overdose. Such diseases include gastritis, with a history of many people neglecting a visit to the doctor. If a person is tormented by sour belching, heartburn, bloating and stomach pain, develops catarrhal gastritis. Welcome Naiza will accelerate mucosal ulceration, destruction of epithelial cells, replacing them with rough fibrous tissue.
The clinical picture of intoxication Nise depends on the state of human health, the number of tablets, discovered pathologies. For overdose is characterized by the following symptoms:
- acute pain in the epigastric region, nausea, vomiting (sometimes with blood), indigestion, diarrhea;
- drawing pain in region of liver, bitter taste in the mouth, yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes;
- dizziness, headaches, weakness, lethargy, drowsiness;
- bronchospasm, anaphylactic shock.
- edema, localized to different parts of the body.
Overdose of non-steroidal medication may trigger a sharp jump in blood pressure. In people with hypertension increases the likelihood of developing hypertension, is extremely dangerous for human life state.
Nise poisoning in young children occur because of failure to comply with adult rules of storage of medicines. Immunity in babies is reduced and the intake of small amounts of pills will cause extensive signs of intoxication. In contact with baby's skin thick gel possible redness and rashes.
First aid for overdose
As the human body will react to the poisoning Nise it can not be assumed, therefore, should immediately call doctor for treatment. While the doctor is in the way, you should help the victim:
- To empty the stomach slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate. Induce vomiting to discharge from the stomach of pure water.
- To drink man of strong and sweet tea.
- Give any treatment or adsorbent.
If necessary, the victim will be admitted to the hospital. Antidotes for Naiza does not exist – is a common detoxification therapy. Generally used diuretics, saline solutions with glucose, vitamin complexes with trace elements. | <urn:uuid:c400581e-01f1-4eca-b8ec-1dcbc3598493> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://poisoning.vsebolezni.com/vidy/lekarstva/prichiny-simptomy-i-lechenie-peredozirovki-najzom.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.894344 | 1,446 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Over the past 30 years, literally thousands of civic-minded Racinians have taken a New Year’s Day “Jump in the Lake” to raise money for local charities. Here’s one of their stories…
MARY LOU LARSEN, mortgage lender
For her 50th birthday in 2001, Mary Lou Larsen gave herself a present: She participated in her first-ever Splash and Dash on New Year’s Day. Now, seven years later, she will make her eighth plunge, adding thousands of dollars to the Polar Plunge coffers all the while.
“I figured, what the heck?” Mary Lou says of her inaugural splash. “I always wanted to do it. What better way to celebrate the year of my 50th birthday?”
Mary Lou jumped with her daughter, Shari, in conditions that were less than ideal.
“Lake Michigan was completely frozen over that year,” she remembers. “They cut a hole in the ice and we jumped in. We couldn’t run in from the shore, as in other years. Nowadays, I always pray for warm weather.”
Thanks to Mary Lou’s tireless fundraising efforts — and the generosity of her family, friends, and coworkers — she raised $1,500 last year alone to benefit HALO (the Homeless Assistance Leadership Organization), the Racine County Food Bank, and the Kiwanis Foundation. And more is on the way this year.
“It’s just the right thing to do,” she says. “If I were in need, as many of these people are, I would want others to do the same for me.” | <urn:uuid:d845c664-d5ee-4f52-9ad0-899134c387d9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.splashanddashracine.com/jumper-stories/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.972766 | 360 | 1.53125 | 2 |
The UK housing sector has been under the shadow of ‘Credit Crunch’ since June 2007, which initiated from United States and began to cover the globe. Not only the construction industry, but all the other industries including textiles etc. were affected due to this. The housing sector was flourishing day by day as more projects where introduced and the log books were filled till next couple of month, until June 2007, the credit crunch began to expand its feathers, after which the whole streamlines began to draw down.
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The unwanted result for UK housing sector appeared in the form of; 20 – 30 % of house prices fell from its maximum level, from 2007 onwards Mortgages are not approved as frequently as it was done before and only 50% are approved and new home are not built as frequently as were done before 2007.
Goodhart and Hofmann (2008) explain that the mortgage rates are directly dependant on the banks which has a strong impact on the price of the houses. Due to Financial Recession an alarming situation arose resulting in change of different policies within an organization in order to survive.
The Large House Builder, plc is a large UK national house builder which has taken necessary steps to counteract the ‘Credit Crunch’ by maintaining a balance between its cost and its expenditure. This it has done by cutting down its costs, selling the portion of land which it purchased so that it could be sold at a reason able price when required and by repositioning itself into social housing sector.
Appleyard (2006) states that the UK’s housing sector is going through a change. The current recession has enabled the housing sector to change. This change is usually in the form of merging one firm into another so that both benefit from each other’s experience and expertise. The company board of Large House Builders, plc has therefore decided to attain the services of Small Firm Ltd which is a small, regional housing developer in the South East of England.
This report will address the key change management issues which would take place when there is mergence of Small Housing Builders Ltd into Large Housing Builders plc in regard to its organizational structure and culture. The second part will be the further analysis of this mergence in the form of preparation of a change management plan for the first two years.
LARGE HOUSE BUILDER plc
The UK national house builder or the Large Housing Builder (LHB) plc has major contribution in UK for the last decade (Appleyard, 2006). The company has a regional structure with offices throughout different locations of the country. This regional structure is managed by a regional manager who is responsible to answer to the central management board concerning his tasks which mainly include the profit /loss, purchasing of land and all the procedures involved in achieving it and the development and marketing of the site.
A recent research done by The Future Shape of the Sector Commission (2006) indicates that in 2006, Large House Builders were successful to build 25,000 houses. But due to the recession in 2007, this figure is said to decrease drastically. The research further suggests that to safeguard the market from adverse effects of credit crunch, Large firms started to merge with Small firms in order to benefit itself along with the other firm.
The Large House builder plc, being a big organization has the capability to stabilize it in a number of ways. The current Recession has limited the space for the large housing builders to expand further. The only way suggested is by mergence, which can be done by having strong internal and external relationships within and outside the company. This will result in maximum output and the number one priority to satisfy the customer is hence achieved (The Future Shape of the Sector Commission, 2006)
Greenberg (1996) emphasizes that organization structure should be such that it should clearly elaborate the arrangement between the single and assembly of people corresponding to the assigned duties, abilities and power with a certain organization.
Although it is not possible to see the organizational structure physically but it can be presented in the form of a chart known as “organization chart” which elaborates the layout of the parties involved in the organization. Such organization chart can be seen for Large House Builders (Appendix B).
The organization structure of Large Housing Builders is a complex one as many parties are involved in this firm. In fact there are as many as 20 sub-parties working at a time for a single project. They can be from designing team to finished project, transportation and logistics of construction materials to finance department, from IT department to Estimation works etc. From this fact it can be seen that it is quite difficult to structure the organization on one single page.
In order to define the goals, the relevant part of the organization is magnified yet there is a deep inter-relation between different parties of the company which hurdles the way. As stated earlier, the firm is making its best for the survival in the current Credit Crunch. Although the top management is giving more importance to work hard in order to achieve prosperity which it has seen in the form of positive development yet the entire struggle is ending in vain as the current financial crisis is not permitting to prosper. The management of the firm feels like climbing a huge mountain when it comes to paying the salaries to the staff in the current credit crunch.
According to Lu (2009, CL) the structure of the company is the correct usage of the potential facilities and the capacity that a company has. There can be three ways in which the project can be integrated into the firm:
In this type of structure, much emphasize is given to functional part. Projects are located in functional units such as human resources, finance and marketing where as the projects located in function which has dominant role with relevant staff being seconded from other functions for duration of the project. The disadvantage is this structure is that all groups are more focused towards functional manager.
The Matrix structure is the one which has both the functional manager as well as the project manager. The members of the project have to report to both the functional as well as the project managers.
There are three types of matrix structures according to their strengths;
a. Functional Matrix Structure
In this the functional managers are more dominant than the project managers. This type of matrix system is also called “Weak Matrix” system and is mostly suitable for large Firms.
b. Balanced Matrix Structure
In this type the project managers and the functional managers share equal power amongst them. This type of matrix structure is also called a “Perfect Matrix”.
c. Project Matrix Structure
In this type of structure, project managers are more dominant over the functional managers. This type of matrix structure is also called “Strong Matrix” and is mostly suitable for small firms.
In this type, the projects are self-contained structural units with each unit having its own staff members and resources.
From the above mentioned type of matrix structures, the Large House Builders is having the “Functional Matrix Structure”(Fig.1). The firm was having a boom in construction as it produced about 25,000 houses in 2006. With the initiation of Recession Period in 2007, the firm started to stabilize its self by cutting down its costs. The firm’s performance was good when considering each project separately but on a broader perspective, there was less or poor coordination between different projects as the structure of the firm was based on some prototype or typical functions. Thus this structure permitted Large House Builders to enhance their accuracy level by keeping themselves gentle and adjustable with the members of the different projects.
In the functional matrix structure, the staff members report to the functional manager as well as the project manager as stated by Lu (2009, CL). This sometimes took a shape of minor clashes between different parties and thus halting and making delay in the project.
By analyzing the firm, it was seen that the structure of the company changes as the project progresses. These changes were not massive in nature; in fact some minor changes were taking place. When the bidding phase starts, the firm was showing a firm functional type of structure. As the project initiated, the Functional Structure branched out into two parts. When talking about individual project, Project Structure was mostly dominant and the overall structure of the firm was found to be Matrix rather than Functional. Finally at the completion of the project, Matrix Structure was found which influenced both the Projects as well as the firm itself. As stated earlier, that the company has regional managers which are controlled by the management board thus indicate that it is a “divisionalized organization” as whole of the structure of company is well organized.
The characteristics of divisionalized organization are stated below;
The management board directs the divisional members who further authorize the regional members to take control of the profit/loss, land acquisition and marketing. This type of arrange corresponds to the “middle line” part of the organization. This can be considered as the backbone of an organization where key decisions are taken Lu (2009).
The firm has “limited vertical decentralization” of authority as regional managers are in charge of their region and the company is very much dependant on them.
The regional managers are in focus of their jobs perspective and have only one goal of “Standardization of outputs” and thus producing quality houses in favor of the customers.
According to Schein (2004) culture is an in-depth knowledge of assumptions, faiths and values that the members of the organization take as granted. However, it is difficult to describe it and can simply be regarded as the charm or the identity of the organization.
Organizational culture has got both the formal as well as the informal components (Lu, 2009cl). Formal elements like aims and objectives were apparent as all the necessary steps were taken to strengthen the firm not only in it’s own field but other forms of construction as well.
Whereas the informal components such as racism, religious symbolism etc. some what were not in line with the latest policies of the company. The board management took a notice of these moral values which were creating problem and hindrance in the achievement of the firm’s goals.
According to Handy (1993) there can be four types of cultures as stated below;
In power culture, whole of the control is concentrated to very few individuals. This usually have a family type culture and is suitable for small to medium sized firms where the reaction to the current market trend is very instant.
In role culture the roles are assigned on the basis of functions. These functions are allocated to different member to do the job. Such a setup is usually in large firms.
Achievement culture is very much based on results and outcomes. Examples can be such firms in with much research and development activities take place.
In this type of culture, much importance is given to an individual person within the organization. Example can be such as within a design team only importance given to Architect.
From the above discuss, Large House Builders plc were found to have “ROLE” culture because each member fully focused on the role given by the top management. The staff members with not encouraged to do such task which was not stated in their role statement.
As all the managerial bodies were assigned their role statements, the junior managers tried to prove their mettle by giving more in the current credit crunch whereas the senior management was try to stabilize the firm in its own way which resulted in some unsettlement between the organization.
Hersey et.al (1969) defines a strategy as the setting and arrangement of the tasks which an organization wants to achieve. There is a long debate as to whether the strategy is set first or the structure of the organization is set first. But for a successful completion of the desired aim, strategy and structure are always in line with each other Lu (2009,Cl). The high standard of the firm was due to the fact that the management board was quite aware of the strength and weaknesses of their company. Every step taken was towards the stabilization of the business.
The management board of Large House Builders was seeing the current credit crunch but was unaware that this could give a real tough time to them. So a meeting was called in which certain points were drawn down, the main theme was that the Banks were unable to give the money to the clients which in return resulted in a complete stop to construction of some time.
According to Lu and Sexton (2006) the firm in the phase of innovation can be either explorative or exploitative which counts on the Structure capital, Human capital and relationship capital
When seeing Large House Builder plc under the generic company level strategies illustrated by Miles and Snow (1978), the company was found to be “ANALYZERS”. The company was doing well and was very stable before the credit crunch in 2007. This can be judged by the performance of the company in 2006 as the company produced 25,000 houses indicating that it has very well organized structure and they are very bothered about their efficiency, performance and reputation. Thus they were having good expertise in their field of work with good amount of resources available for their expansion and establishment.
Being analyzers, the company will expand their business in the same field i.e. construction of houses which may be on a larger or smaller scale but the basic aim will be stabilization, reputation and good performance.
SMALL HOUSE BUILDERS:
The Small Firm Ltd is a regional housing developer was has its operations in the South East of England. The firm is a family owned organization in which all the top management is from the same family indicating that the culture of the firm will be a family culture. The key members will have strong belief and good understanding between them. The Small Firm Ltd is completely customer oriented. High priority given to customers is very essential to thrust forward in business. Customer satisfaction is the key to success for the firm.
The Small Firm Ltd produced 1,000 social housing units in 2006 which is the clear indication of well established link with public and private authorities. The close link between different authorities is very beneficial as such types of strategies are helpful when there is a limited space and time to stabilize.
The Small Firm Ltd has highly motivated and trustworthy top management whose total emphasize is on customer satisfaction. The firm has produced 1,000 housing units in 2006 for different housing associations and local authorities. This indicates that the firm has strong ties with its customers and all of them have good understanding amongst them.
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As previously stated, the organizational structures can be Functional, matrix or project structures Lu (2009). From them above discussion it is quite obvious that the firm has “Project Matrix Structure” which is also called strong matrix due to the reason that in this matrix type, Project Manager has the authority to influence its staff and workers. The workers have to answer to the Project Manager for their work which is the case in Small Firm Ltd due to the strong tie between the Project Manager and the workers.
The role of the Functional Manager in firm is independent to the Project Manager as the Functional manager focuses more on the technical side and the resources allocation. The resources and cost allocation is quite tough job when it comes to a complex project. According to Lu (2009), there may be a conflict developed between the Project Manager and the Functional Manager due to the resource allocation.
The firm posses a “machine organization” due to the following reasons as indicated by Lu (2009):
- The firm is much focused on technostructureso that it competes the market and it’s competent.
- The firm shows limited horizontal decentralization as the members of the board share more ideas with the project manager and less with functional managers although both manager types are important for its success.
- The labor of the firm is hard working and always motivated to do the tasks which contribute to the betterment of the country and the firm. There is a strong communication and co-ordination grip between the labor and the project manager and thus show standardization of work process.
Deal and Kennedy (1982) explained that to check whether an organization is successful or not, study its culture. The Small Firm Ltd has a family culture which means that level of trust and motivation is very high. From the types of cultures explained by Handy (1993), the Small Firm Ltd is having a “POWER” culture (fig. 4), the reason of power that the total concentration of the power and authority will be on a single person who will be the leader.
Small firm ltd is having an informal type of structure which indicated the strong influence of the leader (family member) the staff members including managers. The firm can easily cope with any external discrepancies that may arise during a tenure time of any project. Thus making it self stabilize creates less problems and such firm can easily cope with financial crunch.
Structure and Strategy should always be inline with each other (Lu, 2009). Thus this type of strategy can be found in Small Firm Ltd as the firm can easily cope with financial crisis. From the types of strategies stated by Miles & Snow (1978) the Small Firm Ltd was found to have “DEFENDER” type of strategy.
The Small Firm ltd is very market based firm, close study of market and new trends in market is very beneficial for the company as it helps to change the short comings and thus increase the profit. The strong relation between the top management and the departmental management is in strong observation between the leader which is very beneficial to enhance the chances of survival in the time of difficulty.
The management board of Large House Builder plc has decided to merge with Small Firm Ltd in order to stabilize itself in the ongoing credit crunch period (Appendix 1). This is not the only aim; in fact other things are also taken into consideration like Large House Builder plc is trying to adopt the expertise of social housing as well so that if there is a slump in the construction of large houses, the company can mingle with the social housing sector. So there is a need of change between two companies which can easily be brought into practice by implementing a change management plan.
According to Lu (2009, LP2) change is an important fact of life and the key success is to manage it successfully. A successful manager is the one who doesn’t allow change to happen on its own, in fact he make proper plans and strategies to implement change. Change doesn’t take place at once rather it can take place many months and even years for the different parties involved in change to settle down and know each other.
Such a situation of change management has risen up between the Large House Builders plc and the Small Firm plc. Both the companies are opposite to each other in the since that both have different organizational structures, cultures and strategies but the common thing between them is that the both are in the construction business and especially in house building. Both companies will have the following Organizational issues;
The large house builders have functional matrix structure and the small firm ltd has a project matrix structure. The small firm will have to work really hard to come with the structure of the large house builders. The large house builders have a very well organized formal structure where as the small firm has an informal structure.
The Large house builder has a Role culture in which every manager has a certain role assigned on which he is only answerable for his work to the top management whereas the small firm has power culture in which whole power is concentrated on the leader or single person. Such issues may produce a clash between two parties.
The Large House Builders have adopted the analyzers strategy where they are keen to expand their company according to given marketing conditions and respond to market changes. On the other hand, Small firm adopts defenders strategy in which they do the job in their own field of expertise saving themselves fro outside threats because of having family culture.
Such issues may cause a hurdle towards success between the two companies. To cope up with such difficulties a two year change management plan will be setup so that the process of integrating two companies of different culture, structure and strategy can run smoothly.
TWO YEARS CHANGE MANAGEMENT PLAN
To bring about change in the organization, necessary two change management plan is to be setup for the proper implication of roles and jobs of the two different teams i.e. the Large House Builder plc and the Small Firm ltd.
Lewin’s (1947) three stage change management plan for the individuals of the organization can be setup as:
Kottar’s (1996) eight stages change management plan will be used to implement a successful change in the organization. The eight stage plan is:
- Establishing a sense of urgency
- Creating the guiding coalition
- Developing a vision and strategy
- Communication the change vision
- Empowering broad-based action
- Generating short-term wins
- Consolidation gains and producing more change
- Anchoring new approaches in the culture
The two change management approaches will be integrated in such a way that a proper setup over a period of two years will be established which will enhance the company’s performance.
The first year of the mergence of Small Firm ltd into the Large House Builders plc will be very crucial as many objections and discrepancies are likely to be encountered. Though the anticipated outcomes of the mergence is likely to generate a lot of benefit to both the companies yet the initial few months are regarded as very sensitive for the Small Firm Ltd.
The change management plan is broken down in Quarters of a year and possible planned workout is analyzed as follows:
FIRST QUARTER (Q1):
During the first quarter of the first year the Small Firm Ltd will be in the learning stage and would be considering ways to overcome the barriers which would resist their way towards the change.
According to Greenberg (1996), an organization can encounter with two different types of barriers in change.
- Organizational Barriers to Change
- Individual Barriers to Change
1. ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS TO CHANGE
Sometimes terms and conditions are such set in an organization which barriers a change to take place (Katz and Kahn, 1978). Following are the organizational barriers to change in the view of Greenberg (1996):
a) Structural inertia
The Small Firm Ltd and the Large House Builders plc significantly differ with respect to the organization structure they have worked in before. The Small firm ltd will learn to adopt the divisional structure of the large house builders by mixing their manager with the divisional managers of large house builders.
b) Work group inertia
The large house builders and the small firm have their own ways to complete the assigned task. A task is not just completed as it a part of the job in fact, it is because the person learn from his social values to complete a certain task as assigned Greenberg (1996). So to tackle the pressure of completion of task at both ends is different which needs to be considered when assigning tasks.
c) Threats to existing balance of power
This issue is very important when it comes to change within two organizations as the managing power of both firms is entirely different from each other. For example the Large builders have a management board and a CEO who is in charge of making key decisions whereas in Small firm there is a single power or a leader who takes key decisions. After mergence, a conflict would be raised up during the designation and allotment of powers within the organization.
d) Previously unsuccessful change efforts.
Both the firms are quite familiar with the fact that change management theories recently adopted by firms haven’t proved to be successful yet both are willing to stabilize themselves with firm motivation and hard work.
2. INDIVIDUAL BARRIERS TO CHANGE
The Small firm being in the initial stage of mergence will be facing great difficulty to cope with the individual barriers to change. According to a research done by Nadler (1987), there are many factors that hurdle the way of people towards a change. These factors are:
a) Economic insecurity
A very important point which comes into one’s mind during a change at any level of work is that whether my job is secured? Am I getting the right salary? Such issues when taken into consideration during a change in such a time of Credit crunch may alter the minds of the employees of not only the Large builders but in fact the small firm ltd also. The reason being that both the firms are going to re-locate and re-assign the tasks to the individuals which my interrupt the desired performance of members.
b) Fear of unknown
While following the same routine of work as followed by the staff for quite a long time, the staff felt secured that they had a good level of understanding developed between other staff members and managers. Merging with someone you haven’t worked with before will set up a fear of unknown and everyone will be in a state that something can go wrong any time Greenberg (1996).
c) Threats to social relationship
Due to a change the members of the firm feel un-relaxed and insecure as they had good relation ships with the members they were previously working with. Due to this a lack of communication would be developed which would resist the fluency of work.
By doing a similar kind of work for past many years develops a natural phenomenon for an individual and the person becomes habitual to it. Any alteration in form of a change/new job, can result in mental dissatisfaction resulting is low performance.
e) Failure to recognize need for change
In situations where the individuals of the organization are unable to understand the necessity of change can result in a complete disaster. To overcome this, necessary steps such as awareness campaigns are run to establish a level of understanding among the workers so that they are well aware of the advantages of change.
During the First Quarter (Q1) of the first year, the Small firm Ltd will be coping up with the initial difficulties of settlement in the organization. With the further enhancement of the Two year change management plan, there would not be any discrepancy left within both the organizations after mergence.
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If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: | <urn:uuid:54d21320-c20d-4f2c-aa72-37fef2ae3184> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ukessays.com/essays/housing/the-uk-housing-sector.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.971128 | 5,596 | 2.125 | 2 |
Living Together in a Culturally Diverse Campus
Evaluation Study Report of Workshops for the Development of Inter-cultural Awareness:
“Community Leadership” And “Between Cultures, Between Languages, Between Identities”
Ahmed Badran, Jewish-Arab Center, University of Haifa.
The Workshops were held in the 2013-2014. The Report based on the Findings of the Evaluation Study includes conclusions and practical recommendations submitted to Decision Makers. | <urn:uuid:de2c143b-f114-4eac-9ea7-fd49b681255f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fes.org.il/shop/living-together-in-a-culturally-diverse-campus?ajaxCalendar=1&mo=6&yr=2022 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.844974 | 103 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Meeting the challenges and issues of digital education
The health crisis threw an unexpected spotlight on their work. From mid-2019 to November 2020, researchers from the INRIA project teams and partner organisations analysed the impact of digital technology as a driver in educational transformation. Presented in the white paper, Education and Digital technology: Challenges and issues published on 10 December, their works now form a basis for the reflections undertaken by the Forum for Digital Education, a consultation launched in June by the Ministry for National Education, Youth & Sports. In particular, the authors of the 130-page white paper emphasise the importance of the “link between computer learning and initiation to critical thinking”, in addition to the challenges and issues raised in the field of education in and via digital technology, such as digital sovereignty and educational data control, teacher training and success for all, etc.
The 7 recommendations of the white paper advocate, in particular, the development of new educational methods to introduce young people to computer thinking (the set of concepts and methods explicitly used in computer science to represent and solve problems) and to bolster the role of digital inclusion in the fight against school dropout. Shared by teachers, these ambitions have been embodied for several years by concrete initiatives to expand digital culture in the school setting, with contests organised in partnership with the National Education board and the non-profit group France-IOI.
Castor: the computer contest attracting over 700,000 young participants
10th anniversary! 2011 saw the first French edition of the international Castor contest, which is currently held in 50 countries. Organised annually in November by France-IOI, in partnership with ENS Paris-Saclay and INRIA, Castor takes a fun approach to all aspects of computer culture and attracted some 700,000 entries in 2019. “As a teacher-researcher in computer science, it’s important for me to contribute to this educational move aimed at providing young people with general culture in a key field. By getting to grips with computer thinking, they learn to solve problems by themselves, while working with concepts that will help them to understand how everyday digital tools work,” explains Françoise Tort, lecturer at Paris-Saclay, an expert in didactics and co-designer of the Castor subjects. The Castor tests last 45 minutes and cover twelve interactive subjects with three problems of increasing difficulty (discovery, comprehension and generalisation of the concept in question). They are accessible to secondary-level pupils, and require no prior knowledge of computer science.
“I’ve been taking part in the preparation of Castor subjects for three years, making sure that their formulation is easily understood by middle-school pupils. This contest is a very useful tool, because it fosters a taste for computer science in a fun way, while meeting a key focus point of the National Education programme on the use of digital technology. Furthermore, it encourages girls to overcome the bias of computer science as a subject geared mainly towards boys.”
Technology teacher at Pierre de Coubertin Middle School in Saint-Jean de Braye (45)
Introduction to programming and cryptography with Algoréa and Alkindi
Pupils can take their exploration of computer science and digital technology a step further with Algoréa, another contest focused on programming and algorithms, with the languages Scratch, Blockly or Python. Lastly, the Alkindi contest, open to 13- to 16-year-olds, is a real introduction to cryptography. “This little-known field is crucial to our security because it forms a key protection for our IT systems against hacking, notably with regard to bank transfers and privacy”, says Arthur Charguéraud. This Inria researcher devotes a part of his work to co-designing Castor subjects, in addition to testing the subjects of other contests. He is also Vice President of France-IOI and co-organiser of Castor. “I’m delighted to see that 50% of Castor participants are girls”, he says. “As it is the teachers who propose the contest, we achieve an equal rate of male-female participation, which is an unrivalled score for a computer contest.” | <urn:uuid:a736861f-2cd8-4f17-84b6-4d83a569eff5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.inria.fr/en/inspiring-critical-thinking-through-computer-science-learning | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.942893 | 885 | 2.5625 | 3 |
What drink starts with an F?
Drinks That Start With F
- Fanta Icy Lemon.
- Wendy’s Frosty.
- Fuzzy Navel.
- Fruit Punch.
- Watermelon Lime Agua Fresca.
- Fruit Juice.
What alcohol starts with the letter A?
There are some alcoholic beverages and famous brands that start with A:
- Ale (a type of beer)
- Absinthe (anise flavored liqueur)
- Amaretto (almond flavored liqueur)
- Advocaat (Dutch egg yolk based liqueur)
- Armagnac (brandy produced in Armagnac region)
What are some popular alcohol?
Updated Rankings For 2021!
|Rank||Brand||Type of Spirit|
- Fish House Punch.
- Fizzy apple cocktail.
- Flaming Dr Pepper.
- Flaming Sambuca.
- Flaming Volcano.
- Florida Sunrise (variation of Tequila Sunrise)
What alcohol starts with Z?
Other “Z” alcoholic drinks include Zadarade, Zivania or Zivana liqueur, Zinger and Zuper. Although not name brand drinks, many cocktails feature names that begin with “Z” including zaza, zen latte, zesty Irishman, zipperhead, zombie, zombie punch and zorbatina.
What are the 6 spirits of alcohol?
What is the most popular form of alcohol?
Beer is the most popular alcoholic beverage worldwide. In fact, after water and tea, beer is the most commonly-consumed drink in the world.
Are there any drinks that start with the letter F?
Cocktails starting with ‘F’. Cocktails. starting with ‘F’. Falernum Dark and Stormy. 0. Falernum Mai Tai. 0. Falling Water. 0.
What kind of alcohol is in an alcoholic drink?
This is a list of alcoholic drinks. An alcoholic drink is a drink that contains ethanol, commonly known as alcohol.
Which is an example of a fermented drink?
Beer, wine, and cider are examples of fermented drinks. Hard liquor is used in North America, and India, to distinguish distilled drinks from undistilled ones, and to suggest that undistilled are implicitly weaker. The following are spirits being produced around the world (by type, then alphabetically):
What are the names of the different types of liqueurs?
D. Da Mhile; Damiana; Damoiseau; Dark Matter; De Kuyper; Dillons; Disaronno; Ditta Vittone; Dockyard; Dolin; Domaine de Canton; Drambuie; Dubliner; Dutch Harbor Breeze
What is an alcoholic drink that starts with an F?
Alphabetical List of Drinks Beginning with Letter ‘F’ – F – Fanciulli Cocktail. rye or bourbon whiskey, sweet Italian vermouth, Fernet Branca herbal liqueur; Fancy Brandy Cocktail. brandy, orange liqueur, aromatic bitters, Champagne; Fedora Cocktail. bourbon whiskey, rum, brandy, curacao, sugar, lemon slice; Fernet Branca Cocktail
What is something you drink that starts with F?
Cocktails. starting with ‘F’. Falernum Dark and Stormy. 0. Falernum Mai Tai. 0. Falling Water. 0. Fancy Nancy.
What is considered a fifth of alcohol?
A fifth is a unit of volume formerly used for wine and distilled beverages in the United States, equal to one fifth of a US liquid gallon, 4⁄ 5 quart, or 25 3⁄ 5 US fluid ounces (757 ml); it has been superseded by the metric bottle size of 750 ml, sometimes called a metric fifth, which is the standard capacity of wine bottles worldwide and is Sep 29 2019
What is the first ability affected by alchohol?
Central nervous system . As alcohol causes more damage to your central nervous system, you may experience numbness and tingling sensations in your feet and hands . Drinking also makes it difficult for your brain to create long-term memories. It also reduces your ability to think clearly and make rational choices . | <urn:uuid:c8f3e8f3-f1f2-404c-8465-ebecde49d335> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nosubjectlosangeles.com/what-drink-starts-with-an-f/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.83915 | 1,028 | 2.03125 | 2 |
So author write how we can reduce sugar consumption. “Over the past 50 years, consumption of sugar has tripled worldwide.” Lustig use this to support claims. I think it cannot be the supporting. Lustig want people know negative health effects of today’s sugar consumption.
The Sugar Problem One of the biggest health problems and dangers in America is sugar consumption. Many people consume sugar well beyond there suggested intake. Sugar is being consumed mostly through different beverages and causes health problems many people do not want. Instead of grabbing the sugary beverage people are always used to, they will have to cut back or find some alternatives choices for the better of their health.
It’s simple. Malnutrition suppresses the functions of one’s immune system. While the ordinary population suffers with food shortage, the ones in power are most likely eating whatever they want whenever they want. The discrimination to unequal access to food is truly disturbing. What is the point to stay in a country
Common energy drinks usually contain large amounts of sugar and as we've established caffeine. Body's natural ability to absorb water, making it a potentially dangerous drink, especially for that of athletes:These common problems and concerns with more popular energy drinks have not gone unnoticed. People have been calling for a natural and safe energy drink for some time now and some companies have heard that call. It has been a difficult task to create a healthy energy drink that can provide comparable energy levels to leading brands and taste is always a
The UK has an ever-growing problem of obesity within the nation, especially within youths. The proposed solution to the problem Is a sugar tax however that is blatantly wrong. The only reason the tax has been passed by the government is to bring in more money to the UK, which is being promised to be spent within the health and education sectors. These areas are without a doubt in need of the expected 800 million pounds that the tax will bring in, however, the problem of obesity will still be there no matter how much the government decide to tax sugary drinks. In essence, the sugar tax on drinks in the UK is a feeble attempt to lower obesity rates.
Even sweet fruits like melons are not recommended. • Drink cranberry juice. Studies have linked it to faster treatment of yeast infections. Cigarettes, coffee and alcohol are also absolutely no in yeast infection treatment. Your body experiences a weaker immune system with these substances, not to mention that your entire body suffers from their adverse effects.
Nowadays, critics have never stopped complaining about the side effects from the explosion of advertisements in modern society. Among the endless accusations, there is one controversial issue regarding the impact of advertising on people’s unhealthy eating habits. But if you think it twice, you might find out that comparing with other sources of negative influences, advertising only plays a small role. The eating habits are formed on the basis of many complicated factors. Therefore, it is rash to consider it a major cause of those unhealthy eating habits.
Most food manufacturers use plenty of unhealthy and even suspicious ingredients in order to extend the shelf life of their food items. This means that you need to stay away from these toxic ingredients at all costs if you are to protect your health… Here are the top 10 offenders (not ranked according to the level of harm they cause): 1. Monosodium Glutamate ( MSG) MSG is an amino acid typically used to enhance the flavor of processed foods. It is well-known excitotoxin, which has been scientifically shown to negatively affect the nerve cells, overexciting them, and eventually leading to the point of cell death. Regular consumption of foods containing MSG damages a significant amount of brain cells, which may cause various neurological disorders.
One of the biggest health problems and dangers in America is sugar consumption. Many people consume sugar well beyond their suggested intake. Sugar is being consumed mostly through different beverages and causes health problems, many people do not want. Instead of grabbing the sugary beverage people are always used to, they will have to cut back or find some alternative choices for the good of their health. Most sugar consumption comes from different beverages like soda, sports drinks, coffee, juice, and energy drinks.
According to Harvard Health, millions of Americans are not taking their “medications due to their high cost” (LeWine). Cost should not be the reason that people go without their medicine, something they need. Lack of medicine can lead to hospital trips and death. It is in this way that prescription drugs are similar to water. Those who take medicine are dependant on it, and absence of the drug can be disastrous, as lack of water is terrible for the body.
Epidemics in the dark ages population increased Hygienic Condition got worst . Not many people Knew about medicine or anything that has to do with Medical. Also, they didn 't have a good Medical teaching system. They had many diseases and they were contagious. The most contagious disease was Leprosy , that disease stopped you from doing a lot of stuff so other
In any case, now we should investigate the larger picture, which is that in ten years that is a total gain of thirty pounds. This weight gain can lead to type two diabetes which is associated with being overweight and numerous health issues emerge, for example, heart attack, stroke and kidney disease just to name a few. There are so many negative side consequences for obesity and essentially, we need to commit to fighting this epidemic. I must say it is disturbing that this is the first generation of children that will live a shorter life than their parents will. I think one serious issue is that food quality has decreased in a major way because corporations want to maximize profit.
The happiness of the American people is in jeopardy because of the increase in obesity related health problems and the lack of food education in the public education system. Many of the processed foods that are part of the Standard American Diet are full of sugar. Too much sugar is causing many of the health problems in America. Many of the healthcare problems in America is somehow related to or caused by obesity.
Magazines, TV, music, books, and movies help one make decisions and take action whether consciously or subconsciously. This large sphere of influence, however, is not always beneficial for those who suffer victim to these forms of public entertainment. The medias version of beauty, shames those who are considered overweight and scares almost everyone into thinking that being thin is the only way to be pretty. Jolene Hart emphasis how important beauty is in the American culture in her book Eat Pretty: Nutrition for Beauty, Inside and Out: “There’s a multi-billion-dollar industry built on helping us achieve greater physical beauty” (Hart 33). By creating this manipulated and untrue image of beauty, the American culture encourages eating disorders like anorexia (undereating) and sustains obesity (overeating).
Obesity is one of the leading health problems affecting children in America. Furthermore, Obesity is the primary contributing factor of many problems in our community. In addition, most children are obese due to an improper balance of calories, and calories being burned. Although, a better quality of school nutrition is a solid step to preventing obesity; likewise, more enforced physical education classes could decrease obesity in children significantly. On the other hand, symbolic interactionism might explain the way obese people are discriminated against, and how they might feel socially isolated. | <urn:uuid:821cd863-093d-48c7-bb2e-a1348bf56262> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ipl.org/essay/Informative-Essay-Sugar-Is-A-Big-Cause-PJGQRSVUZT | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.96492 | 1,511 | 2.34375 | 2 |
An analytical-numerical study of dynamic stability of an axially moving elastic web
Published inReports of the Department of Mathematical Information Technology / University of Jyväskylä. Series B, Scientific computing
This paper is devoted to a dynamic stability analysis of an axially moving elastic web, modelled as a panel (a plate undergoing cylindrical deformation). The results are directly applicable also to the travelling beam. In accordance with the dynamic approach of stability analysis, the problem of harmonic vi- brations is investigated via the study of the dependences of the system’s nat- ural frequencies on the problem parameters. Analytical implicit expressions for the solution curves, with respect to problem parameters, are derived for ranges of the parameter space where the natural frequencies are real-valued, corresponding to stable vibrations. Both axially tensioned and non-tensioned travelling panels are considered. The special cases of the non-tensioned trav- elling panel, and the tensioned stationary (non-travelling) panel are also dis- cussed, and special-case solutions given. Numerical evaluation of the obtained general analytical results is discussed. Numerical examples are given for panels subjected to two different tension levels, and for the non-tensioned panel. The results allow the development of very efficient, lightweight solvers for deter- mining the natural frequencies of travelling panels and beams. The results can also be used to help locate the bifurcation points of the solution curves, corre- sponding to points where mechanical stability is lost. ...
Alternative titleAnalytical-numerical study of dynamic stability of an axially moving elastic web
MetadataShow full item record
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Saksa, Tytti (University of Jyväskylä, 2013)
Banichuk, Nikolay; Barsuk, Alexander; Neittaanmäki, Pekka; Jeronen, Juha; Tuovinen, Tero (Jyväskylän yliopisto, 2014)In this paper a new approach to the analysis of implicitly given function- als is developed in the frame of elastic stability theory. The approach gives an effective procedure to analyse stability behaviour, and to ...
Banichuk, Nikolay; Barsuk, Alexander; Tuovinen, Tero; Jeronen, Juha (Jyväskylän yliopisto, 2014)In this paper, the stability of a simply supported axially moving elastic panel is considered. A complex variable technique and bifurcation theory are applied. As a result, variational equations and a variational principle ...
Analytical-numerical analysis of closed-form dynamic model of Sayano-Shushenskaya hydropower plant : stability, oscillations, and accident Kuznetsov, N.V.; Yuldashev, M.V.; Yuldashev, R.V. (Elsevier, 2021)This work is devoted to the analysis of a mathematical model of hydropower unit, consisting of synchronous generator, hydraulic turbine, and speed governor. It is motivated by the accident happened on the Sayano-Shushenskaya ...
Kurki, Matti (University of Jyväskylä, 2014) | <urn:uuid:f2476462-4cfe-4270-a250-15ccdfbcfdd0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/45095 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.814395 | 756 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Pachyphytum bracteosum is an Echeveria relative with thick, rounded, silver-blue leaves.
Pachyphytum bracteosum is an Echeveria relative with thick, rounded, silver-blue leaves on short stems that look like rounded white stones.
Common Name: Moon Stones
Family: Crassulaceae (The Stonecrop Family)
Zone Hardiness: 9-11
Light: Full Sun
Primary Bloom Colour: Red
Secondary Bloom Colour:
Bloom Time: Summer - Fall
Soil Moisture: Drought Tolerant, Dry
Deer Resistant: Unknown
BC Native: No
Native Habitat: Native to Mexico.
Geogrpahical Origin: Americas - North America
*The Plant Encyclopedia is updated each year to provide a representation of the plants we offer, have offered, and may offer again. However, it is not a live inventory of our stock. Not all plants will be available at all times or in every year. Use the link above to enquire about the availability of this plant. Additionally, we carry many plants that have not yet been entered into our database so please enquire if you don’t see what you’re looking for. Plants are available only for on-site sales at our nursery in Richmond, BC, Canada or for shipping within Canada. We do not ship internationally. However, if you are visiting the nursery from afar, we can arrange for the necessary permits and paperwork for you to take plants back with you to your country. | <urn:uuid:b957274a-3019-43c1-8328-8477a3a8e017> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://phoenix.neocodesoftware.com/plant.php?plantId=9453 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.865875 | 379 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Some of the rationing requirements are easily understandable — such as gasoline and other fuel along with foods (including sugar, meats, cheese). Others — like rations on typewriters, bicycles and rubber footwear — were not as obvious.
A complex system of rationing, administered by the US Office of Price Administration (OPA), was put in place with stamps, ration booklets and some other similar systems. During the time of war, men, women and children all had to manage with hard-set limits on certain resources.
Here are some of the vintage stamps and booklets they were using across the United States during the early 1940s.
United States of America War ration book 1
1. Punishments ranging as high as Ten Years’ Imprisonment or $10,000 Fine, or Both, may be imposed under United States Statutes for violations thereof arising out of infractions of Rationing Orders and Regulations.
2. This book must not be transferred. It must be held and used only by or on behalf of the person to whom it has been issued, and anyone presenting it thereby represents to the Office of Price Administration, an agency of the United States Government, that it is being so held and so used. For any misuse of this book it may be taken from the holder by the Office of Price Administration.
3. In the event either of the departure from the United States of the person to whom this book is issued, or his or her death, the book must be surrendered in accordance with the Regulations.
4. Any person finding a lost book must deliver it promptly to the nearest Ration Board.
OFFICE OF PRICE ADMINISTRATION
The Stamps contained in this Book are valid only after the lawful holder of this Book has signed the certificate below, and are void if detached contrary to the Regulations. (A father, mother, or guardian may sign the name of a person under 18.) In case of questions, difficulties, or complaints, consult your local Ration Board.
Certificate of Book Holder
I, the undersigned, do hereby certify that I have observed all the conditions and regulations governing the issuance of this War Ration Book; that the “Description of Book Holder” contained herein is correct; that an application for issuance of this book has been duly made by me or on my behalf; and that the statements contained in said application are true to the best of my knowledge and belief.
Certificate of Registrar
War Ration Book Four
United States of America Office of Price Administration
Read before signing: In accepting this book, I recognize that it remains the property of the United States Government. I will use it only in the manner and for the purposes authorized by the Office of Price Administration.
Void if altered / It is a criminal offense to violate rationing regulations
(OPA Form R-145)
Never buy rationed goods without ration stamps.
Never pay more than the legal price.
Important: When you have used your ration, salvage the TIN CANS and WASTE FATS. They are needed to make munitions for our fighting men. Cooperate with your local Salvage Committee.
WWII rationing: Special sugar coupon
“I certify that this five pound sugar coupon will be used for home canning or preserving purposes only.”
Emergency! To save wheat
To save wheat for our hungry friends in Europe, the Citizens Food Committee asks you to:
1. Use no meat on Tuesdays
2. Use no poultry or eggs on Thursdays
3. Save a slice of bread every day
4. Clean your plate at every meal
SAVE WHEAT – SAVE MEAT – SAVE THE PEACE
War ration book #3
Mileage stamps: Gasoline rations
Numbered coffee rationing stamps & spare stamps
Spare and letter/number combination ration stamps
WWII Ration book Q&A (1943)
Point rationing to start here March 1
The following questions and answers released by the Office of Price Administration are designed to acquaint the public with further details of the point rationing system now being instituted to insure the equitable sharing of certain foods in the United States:
Q. May War Ration Book Two be used by any member of the family?
A. Yes, Ration Book Two — like War Ration Book One (now used for sugar and coffee) — may be used by any member of the household to whom the book is issued. Any member of the family may use all the family’s ration books.
Q. Will processed baby foods be rationed on the same point system as foods for grown-ups?
A. The processed baby foods that are made of strained or chopped fruits, vegetables, or meats, or combinations of these, put up in sealed glass or tin containers are included in the ration order. Canned milk, canned milk formulas, and canned prepared cereals will not be rationed.
Q. Suppose I have used all my family’s point stamps and then run out of baby food?
A. You should learn to make your points last throughout each ration period, just as you now budget your money for food to last until next payday.
Q. Will I have to surrender ration stamps if I eat a meal in a restaurant?
A. No. You may continue to eat in restaurants just as you do now. Restaurants will be rationed in the total amount of processed foods they may buy according to the number of meals they serve.
Q. My daughter is away at school. May we use her ration book at home for food for the family?
A. No. Your daughter’s Ration Book Two, like Ration Book One, will be used by the dormitory or sorority house in which she eats, to buy her share of food while she is living away from home. She will bring her book home with her when school is out.
Q. My housekeeper lives with her own family, but eats all her meals at my house. Should she give me her Ration Book Two or does she keep it for the use of her family?
A. If she eats all her meals at your home, she should give you her ration book so that you can buy her share of rationed food. However, such arrangements are entirely voluntary, and you may make any arrangements you wish that satisfy you both.
Q. How will I know how to budget my ration stamps?
A. The point value of all rationed foods will be published and posted in each store at the beginning of each ration period. You will also know how many “points” your family will have to spend during that period.
If you know that you must have a certain number of cans of baby food during a ration period, you must set aside enough stamps for this particular purpose to buy them. | <urn:uuid:c4455b77-c601-4e62-ace9-1dcd136ca637> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://clickamericana.com/topics/food-drink/ration-stamps-ww2-war-ration-book-4 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.96394 | 1,421 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Type a flu duration: Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Influenza
Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Influenza
Signs and Symptoms
Uncomplicated influenza illness is typically characterized by the abrupt onset of constitutional and upper respiratory tract signs and symptoms (e.g., fever, chills, myalgia, headache, malaise, nonproductive cough, sore throat, and rhinitis). However, many people who are sick with influenza virus infection do not manifest fever, especially those who are elderly or immunosuppressed. Atypical signs and symptoms of influenza virus infection can occur, including in frail, institutionalized elderly long-term care facility residents. Among young children with influenza, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea may also occur with respiratory symptoms. Uncomplicated influenza signs and symptoms typically resolve after 3-7 days for the majority of people, although cough and malaise can persist for >2 weeks, especially in elderly people and those with chronic lung disease.
Influenza virus infection of the respiratory tract can cause a wide range of complications that can result in severe disease. Certain people are at increased risk for complications from influenza. In young children, otitis media and respiratory complications such as croup, bronchiolitis, and tracheitis can occur. Other complications in children include cardiac (myocarditis and pericarditis), musculoskeletal (severe myositis), and neurologic (encephalopathy, encephalitis, transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis). Reye syndrome is associated with influenza (more common with influenza B than influenza A virus infections) and salicylate exposure; however Reye syndrome with influenza is very rare since aspirin use in children with influenza or varicella was recommended against in 1982. In peopleof all ages, influenza can result in dehydration, and exacerbation of underlying chronic medical conditions (e.g. heart failure, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma), Both primary influenza viral pneumonia and secondary invasive bacterial pneumonia (most commonly with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-sensitive or methicillin-resistant, and group A Streptococcus) can lead to acute lung injury, respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, and multi-organ failure. Invasive infection with Neisseria meningitidis resulting in meningococcemia and meningitis can follow influenza.
Information about influenza disease burden is available.
Information on currently approved influenza tests, and guidance on interpretation of testing results is available, as is guidance on antiviral treatment. The Infectious Diseases Society of America Influenza Clinical Practice Guidelinesexternal icon provide additional information about complications associated with influenza, influenza testing, interpretation of testing results, and treatment recommendations.
How long does the flu last?
The best treatment is to take steps to prevent illness.
Few common illnesses are more unpleasant than the flu. The aches and pains, chills, fever, and cough are bad enough; add in the other potential symptoms of flu, including runny nose, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, or sore throat, and you’ll want the illness to be over as soon as possible. How long does the flu last? And does treating flu help make it go away faster? The answers depend on your particular health.
The flu—or influenza—is a highly contagious respiratory virus caused by one of three different virus types: influenza A, B, or C. The main way that illnesses like colds and the flu spread from person to person is through the droplets that sick people propel when they cough and sneeze. You can also get the flu by exposure to saliva passed by routine contact, such as kissing or sharing eating utensils.
How long does the flu last?
For most healthy people, the flu is an uncomfortable but short-term illness that resolves itself as the immune system fights it off. Symptoms usually appear from one to four days after exposure to the virus, and they last five to seven days. For people who’ve had a flu shot, the symptoms may last a shorter amount of time, or be less severe. For other people, the symptoms may last longer. Even when symptoms resolve, you may continue to feel fatigued.
Some people are at increased risk for complications from influenza. These people include:
- the very young
- people 65 or older
- people with chronic illnesses, such as asthma, heart disease, HIV, or diabetes
- pregnant women
- people with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher
People in those groups may have weakened immune systems, and are at increased risk for the complication of pneumonia, which can be deadly.
If you get the flu, you should get rest and drink plenty of fluids. Take pain relievers to lower your fever and relieve the aches, such as:
- acetaminophen (Tylenol)
- ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
- naproxen (Aleve)
If you are at high risk of complications, and if it is early in the infection, your doctor may prescribe an antiviral drug for treating flu, such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu, generic versions).
To better predict how long the flu will last, take steps to reduce your risk of contracting the virus and experiencing severe symptoms. Consider the following steps, as suggested in the Harvard Special Report A Guide to Women’s Health: Fifty and Forward.
- Get an annual flu vaccine.
- Wash your hands with soap and water before eating or touching your face.
- Contact your doctor for promptly if you get flu symptoms.
- Quit smoking. Smokers are more likely to get the flu than nonsmokers.
These steps won’t guarantee that you’ll escape the flu this year, but they may help prevent it. And they may help reduce the amount of time the flu lasts if you do become infected with the virus.
– By Heidi Godman
Executive Editor, Harvard Health Letter
Dispel misinformation about the flu vaccine, sickness, treatment, and recovery by finding out these 10 Flu Myths.
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Please note the date of last review or update on all articles. No content on this site, regardless of date,
should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician.
How Long Does a Cold or the Flu Last?
With some viral illnesses, once you have been infected with it or have been vaccinated against it, you’re immune for life.
With the flu, however, immunity doesn’t last that long.
A study published in March 2017 in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases confirmed that immunity declines over the months following vaccination or infection. (7)
Getting vaccinated every year is important to lower your likelihood of getting the flu. It takes about two weeks to develop immunity to the flu, and experts recommend getting vaccinated before flu season is in full swing to ensure adequate protection. (4)
“I think part of the problem with getting people vaccinated is people don’t understand how serious [the flu] can be,” says Dr. Troisi. “They confuse it with the common cold. But if you actually have the flu, you can get very sick.”
When Is Cold and Flu Season?
While it’s possible to get the flu year-round, most people get sick in the fall and winter. Flu season generally peaks between December and February, and can sometimes stretch into May, says the CDC. (8)
Most people get colds in the winter and spring, according to the CDC, but it’s possible to catch a cold in the summer or fall too. (1)
RELATED: No Flu Shot and Now You Have the Flu: What to Do?
Can The Same Home Remedies and Medicine Be Used for Both Cold and Flu?
There is no cure for a cold, the CDC says — it will get better on its own. (1) But prescription antiviral drugs may help with the flu, especially when taken within two days of the onset of symptoms. People with health conditions such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease that put them at at high risk for flu complications should seek treatment right away. (9)
As for home remedies, there is evidence that zinc, taken by mouth in the form of lozenges, tablets, or syrups, can help reduce the length of colds if taken within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms, according to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH). The NCCIH adds that zinc can cause nausea and gastrointestinal issues, and that it can interact with other medication, such as antibiotics. (10)
There is no strong scientific evidence that any natural product can cure the flu, says the NCCIH. (10)
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, and Ibuprin) are effective treatments for fever and aches caused by either a cold or the flu. People with either illness should also be sure to rest and drink plenty of fluids. (3,4)
Additional reporting by Pamela Kaufman.
Compare causes, symptoms, treatments, and more
Influenza A vs. B causes | Prevalence | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatments | Risk factors | Prevention | When to see a doctor | FAQs | Resources
It starts small. You might wake up with an annoying throat tickle and a runny nose, or you might feel a little more groggy throughout the day than usual. But there’s more on the way. You come down with a fever, chills, body aches, and you’re couch-ridden with the flu.
“The flu” has become a broad term that people use to incorrectly describe a wide range of illnesses. We often hear people say “oh, I came down with the stomach flu last week,” or “the kids got the 24-hour flu.” But “flu” refers to four types of influenza viruses (A, B, C, and D), most prominently influenza A and influenza B.
Influenza A can infect humans and animals. In most cases, it’s associated with seasonal epidemics in the United States (aka “flu season“) and global pandemics. It’s always changing, so it has various subtypes, including the infamous bird flu (avian influenza) and swine flu. On the other hand, influenza B has two subtypes (Victoria and Yamagata), which occur, for the most part, only in humans and mutate slower, so it’s not really a pandemic risk.
Read on for a complete guide to these two types of flu viruses.
The most common form of transmission is through tiny droplets created when an infected person talks, sneezes, coughs, or breathes heavily. Type A is also (albeit very rarely) contracted via contact with an infected animal, like a bird or pig. Influenza can also be transmitted through inanimate objects if a sick individual contaminates it, such as a doorknob.
Like influenza A viruses, influenza type B is primarily transmitted through contact with the droplets when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or talks. Animals aren’t usually susceptible to the influenza B virus, so generally aren’t considered to be carriers.
Influenza A vs. B causes
RELATED: Is the flu airborne? Learn how the flu spreads
Influenza A is the most common type of flu. It accounts for approximately 75% of total flu virus infections, and it’s the most likely cause of the “seasonal flu” that hits the U.S. every winter. That’s not a small number, especially considering the 25 to 50 million cases nationwide every year.
During the 2018-19 flu season, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) tested 1,145,555 specimens for influenza, and of the 177,039 positive results, 95% were influenza A.
Influenza A is further broken down into subtypes based on two proteins on the surface of the virus called hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. The subtypes of both of these proteins result in many different possible combinations and unique influenza A viruses. In addition, small genetic mutations that cause changes in these surface proteins over time may allow these strains to improve their ability to infect people each season. This characteristic presents challenges in predicting a predominantly circulating influenza A virus when it comes to deciding on the composition of the influenza vaccine months before the actual flu season hits. All of these factors together contribute to the predominance of influenza A virus infection each season.
Of course, numbers and percentages can vary from season to season. For example, the early stages of the 2019-2020 influenza season saw influenza B as the most common type, especially among children.
But most years, it takes a backseat to type A. It doesn’t spread quite as easily because it mutates slower and only has two main subtypes: Victoria and Yamagata. On average, though, type B infections account for around 25% of total flu cases.
Influenza A vs. B prevalence
Symptoms of influenza A tend to be similar regardless of subtype. The most common are runny nose, sore throat, fever, chills, body aches, and fatigue.
The main difference is their severity. Type A symptoms often come on stronger and sometimes result in hospitalization or even death. According to CDC.gov, influenza A accounted for 95.5% of all seasonal influenza hospitalizations during the 2018-19 season.
Type B causes similar symptoms to the ones listed above, but they’re usually milder. However, it still has the potential to increase in severity, causing hospitalization and death, particularly in children.
Influenza A vs. B symptoms
(Symptoms can be less severe than influenza A)
RELATED: Coronavirus (COVID-19) vs. the flu vs. a cold
A physical exam is the first step. If the provider identifies common flu signs and symptoms and there is circulating flu activity in the local community, he or she will likely order a test to confirm the diagnosis. Every flu test requires a healthcare provider to swab a patient’s nose or sometimes throat.
The fastest and most common test is a rapid influenza diagnostic test (RIDT). Results take 10 to 15 minutes, but they might be less accurate than other tests. Plus, RIDTs don’t provide information about the subtypes of influenza A.
Rapid molecular assays are also common in-office tests. They take slightly longer but are more accurate than some RIDTs in that there is a less chance of a test producing a false negative or false positive.
If the provider needs more detailed information about the virus’ genetic material and strain, he or she might send the swab to a lab for more in-depth molecular assays that can differentiate influenza A subtypes.
Novel type A viruses, typically animal-borne, don’t often show up on more basic, commercially available tests. If a provider suspects a novel virus, he or she should discuss the possibility of a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test with local and state health departments. Viral culture is also another available test that is generally not used for clinical decision-making, but for a more extensive evaluation of viruses. Culture is most often used for monitoring of potentially novel influenza A or B viruses that might be considered for the next flu season vaccines.
Like type A, the diagnosis begins with a physical examination, which can sometimes be enough to make a diagnosis. But a test is often necessary for confirmation.
Even though type B is often a less complex virus, RIDTs are less sensitive to its antigens, so these tests aren’t always accurate. Consequently, a doctor might order a more robust test if they suspect a type B infection.
Influenza A vs. B diagnosis
Unfortunately, no treatment will completely eradicate the flu virus. But there are ways to manage its symptoms and reduce its duration.
Most people simply hunker down with home remedies like lots of fluids, plenty of rest, homemade chicken soup, and pain relievers like ibuprofen (Motrin) and acetaminophen (Tylenol). These are often effective, but only in mitigating flu symptoms.
For people with influenza A who are part of high-risk groups for complications (children, the elderly, other medical conditions), or who have severe symptoms, healthcare providers might prescribe an antiviral medication like Tamiflu (oseltamivir phosphate), Relenza (zanamivir), or Rapivab (peramivir). These drugs won’t eliminate the virus, but they’ll reduce its ability to attach to cells and further replicate, potentially shortening its duration and preventing further complications. They’re most effective if taken within 48 hours of getting sick.
Type B treatments are nearly identical to type A treatments. The most common response is simply to let the illness run its course while consuming fluids, resting, and taking over-the-counter medications.
Because influenza B is generally less severe, it might not require antiviral medication, although healthcare providers might still prescribe them for high-risk individuals.
Influenza A vs. B treatments
RELATED: Influenza treatments and medications
Influenza A is unpleasant for the average person. Still, it can be dangerous for seniors (65 or older), children, pregnant women, people with compromised immune systems, or people with a chronic health condition (like heart disease, kidney disease, or asthma).
Risk factors for type B infections and complications are very similar, although influenza B is more prevalent among children.
Influenza A vs. B risk factors
RELATED: Which groups are at high-risk for flu complications?
One effective strategy for effective flu prevention (and healthy living in general) is to limit potential exposure. This means washing hands, avoiding extended contact with infected individuals, disinfecting infected surfaces, etc. Anyone who’s already come down with influenza A can help stop its spread by staying home and coughing or sneezing into their elbow.
Beyond that, the most effective line of defense is the influenza vaccine (flu shot). There are two types. A trivalent vaccine protects against two influenza A strains (h2N1 and h4N2) and one influenza B strain, while a quadrivalent vaccine prevents against those three plus one more type B strain.
Strains of influenza A (h4N2) can mutate quickly, though, so health officials have to anticipate its evolution every year. As a result, the seasonal flu vaccine can be less effective in preventing type A infections if that prediction is off.
Taking the same general precautions (washing hands, avoiding sick individuals, etc.) effectively prevents type B infection and spread. The flu vaccine is typically a safe bet for influenza B, but it might not always be a perfect match for the annual strain.
It’s important to dispel a common myth here. Getting a flu shot will not infect someone with influenza A or B. The vaccines contain dead viruses or a single influenza protein, or in the case of the nasal spray vaccine weakened live virus, none of which are enough to infect a human.
How to prevent influenza A vs. B
When to see a doctor for influenza A or B
A majority of people will ride out the flu from home with only mild-to-moderate symptoms. But sometimes it’s better to visit your healthcare provider. Anyone with one or more of the risk factors for complications listed above should consider seeing a professional to make sure it doesn’t evolve into a more severe disease or respiratory infection.
A healthcare provider might also be necessary for individuals with severe or prolonged symptoms or other complications like difficulty breathing, chest pain, sudden dizziness, vomiting, neck stiffness, or loss of consciousness.
Frequently asked questions about Influenza A and B
Which is worse: influenza A or influenza B?
Influenza type A and type B are similar, but type A is overall more prevalent, sometimes more severe, and can cause flu epidemics and pandemics.
Is influenza A virus or bacteria?
Influenza A is a virus, although it may present with similar symptoms of common respiratory bacterial infections, like sinusitis.
How long does Type A flu last?
Symptoms typically last five to seven days, although they can linger for up to two weeks. Getting a pre-emptive flu shot or taking antiviral medications can help shorten the duration.
How long is influenza A and B contagious?
People with the flu are contagious one day before symptoms develop and five to seven days after that.
Does influenza go away on its own?
In most cases, yes. Generally, it will run its course in seven to 10 days. High-risk individuals (children, the elderly, those with pre-existing conditions, etc. ) may need to see a healthcare provider to prevent further flu complications.
How long does the flu last? Timeline and recovery
Many sources discuss the common cold and flu as though they are interchangeable, but the flu is usually worse than the common cold. Although most people with the flu feel better after about a week, the illness can last longer if a person develops complications.
The flu can leave a person unable to work, perform household duties, or tend to children for several days. Some people develop severe symptoms and may need hospital care.
In this article, we discuss how long the flu usually lasts, a timeline of the common symptoms, and when to see a doctor for treatment.
For people who do not develop serious flu complications, symptoms usually last 3–7 days. Some people find that their symptoms get better and then worse again or that they are worse at certain times of the day, such as in the morning.
Although fever and the most severe symptoms typically resolve within a week, some people have low energy for up to 2 weeks, and it is possible to experience a cough for up to 8 weeks.
The flu shot reduces the risk of getting the flu but does not eliminate it. However, people who still get the flu after receiving a shot tend to have less severe symptoms that last for a shorter period.
Antiviral drugs, such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu), can also shorten the length of the flu and lower the risk of serious complications.
Infants and very young children, older adults, and people with respiratory diseases may have symptoms that last longer. These individuals are also more vulnerable to serious flu complications, such as pneumonia and breathing difficulties.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 200,000 people in the United States need to go to the hospital each year as a result of the flu.
Flu complications are unlikely to resolve on their own, and they can be a medical emergency. They may require a person to stay in the hospital. It can be weeks or even months before a person recovers from serious flu complications.
Unlike the cold and other viruses, which present gradually, flu symptoms tend to appear suddenly. Within a few hours, a person may transition from feeling fine to having a fever and other symptoms.
A high fever occurs more commonly with the flu than with a cold, and it often appears before other symptoms.
The most common symptoms of the flu include:
- high fever
- muscle aches
- a headache
- weakness and extreme exhaustion
- a dry cough
- a sore throat
The symptoms tend to peak between days 2 and 4. By day 5, some people begin to feel better. A few feel well enough to return to work or school.
However, it is important to stay at home for 24 hours after a fever breaks. If the fever only goes away with anti-fever medication, remain at home.
By day 7, most people feel significantly better, although some are still sick. It is not unusual for the flu to last longer than a week, so slow healing is not necessarily a bad sign. However, if the symptoms continue to get worse after a week, it may be best to see a doctor.
The best and most effective treatment for the flu is an antiviral flu drug. Taking this drug within 2 days of getting sick may shorten the duration of the flu and help a person avoid complications.
Before taking any anti-flu medication, a person can weigh up the risks and benefits with a doctor. It is important to tell the doctor about any previous health problems or drug reactions because some people experience side effects when they take anti-flu drugs.
Antibiotics cannot treat the flu. The flu is a virus, and antibiotics only treat bacterial infections.
However, some people develop secondary infections because of the flu. Children are especially vulnerable to ear infections, but adults can get them too. If symptoms suddenly change or get worse, this could mean that there is a new infection, which could be viral or bacterial.
The following strategies can help speed up the healing process:
- Resting and staying in bed.
- Avoiding going to work, school, or anywhere else, as this can spread the flu.
- Drinking plenty of fluids. If fever or vomiting occurs, try drinking an electrolyte drink to prevent dehydration.
- Using over-the-counter medications, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen.
- Washing the hands frequently to avoid spreading the infection to other members of the household.
People should try to see a doctor within 24 to 48 hours after flu symptoms appear, as this is when antiviral treatments are most effective.
It is also important to see a doctor if symptoms do not improve after 7 days or new symptoms, such as ear pain, appear.
People should seek emergency medical treatment if:
- breathing becomes difficult or labored
- muscle pain is unbearable or severe enough to prevent walking
- a child develops a fever above 104°F
- when breathing, a child or infant makes loud sounds or pulls in the muscles around their ribs
- a person has seizures, loses consciousness, seems confused, or is unable to communicate effectively
- a baby under the age of 12 weeks develops a fever
- symptoms of chronic medical conditions get worse
- there is intense dizziness that does not go away after a few hours
- a person stops urinating or urinates very rarely
- symptoms get better but then return later and are worse
Most people who get the flu will have symptoms that last between 3 and 7 days. If they develop complications, they may be ill for longer.
Thousands of people die from the flu every year. Children, older adults, or people with compromised immune systems are much more vulnerable to flu complications. People should take the flu seriously by resting and avoiding public places until their symptoms disappear.
With rest and medical care, it is possible to recover even from serious complications. Anyone with severe flu symptoms should see a doctor. To reduce the risk of getting the flu again, a person can get the flu shot every year.
Flu Symptoms, Duration, Contagious Period, Flu Shot Side Effects, Treatment & COVID-19
Demicheli, V., T. Jefferson, L.A. Al-Ansary, E. Ferroni, A. Rivetti, and C. Di Pietrantonj. “Vaccines for Preventing Influenza in Healthy Adults.” Cochrane Database Syst Rev 13.3 March 2014: CD001269.
Grohskopf, L.A., L.Z. Sokolow, K.R. Broder, et al. “Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2018-19 Influenza Season. ” MMWR 67.3 Aug. 24, 2018: 1-20.
Lambert, L., and Fauci, A. “Influenza Vaccines for the Future.” New Eng. J. Med. 361.21 (2010): 2036-2044.
Monto, A.S., Ohmit, S.E., Petrie, J.G., Johnson, E., Truscon, R., Teich, E., Rotthoff, J., Boulton, M., Victor, J.C. “Comparative Efficacy of Inactivated and Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines.” N Engl J Med 361 Sept. 24, 2009: 1260.
Nguyen, H. “Influenza.” Medscape.com. Aug. 22, 2016. <http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219557-overview>.
Perez-Padilla, R., de la Rosa-Zamboni, D., Ponce de Leon, S.P., Hernandez, M., Quinones-Falconi, F., Bautista, E., Ramirez-Venegas, A., Rojas-Serrano, J., Ormsby, C.E., Corrales, A., Higuera, A., Mondragon, E., Cordova-Villalobos, J.A. “Pneumonia and Respiratory Failure from Swine-Origin Influenza A (h2N1) in Mexico.”
N Engl J Med 361 Aug. 13, 2009: 680.
Switzerland. World Health Organization. “Cumulative number of confirmed human cases for avian influenza A(H5N1) reported to WHO, 2003-2014. ” Jan. 24, 2014. <http://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/EN_GIP_20140124CumulativeNumberH5N1cases.pdf?ua=1>.
Switzerland. World Health Organization. “Global Influenza Strategy 2019-2030.” March 11, 2019. <?https://www.who.int/influenza/en/>.?
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Estimating Seasonal Influenza-Associated Deaths in the U.S.” Dec. 9, 2016.
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “FluView Interactive.” Apr. 21, 2017. <https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/fluviewinteractive.htm>.
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Influenza (Flu).” Nov. 10, 2016. <https://www.cdc.gov/flu/>.
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Summary: ‘Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) — United States, 2020-21’. ” <https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/acip/summary/summary-recommendations.htm>.
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Seasonal Influenza (Flu): Influenza Antiviral Medications: Summary for Clinicians.” Sept. 4, 2014.
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Seasonal Influenza (Flu):
Use of Antivirals.” Sept. 1, 2011. <http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/antivirals/antiviral-use-influenza.htm>.
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “2011-2012 Trivalent Influenza Vaccine Data From the U.S. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS).” <http://vaers.hhs.gov/resources/SeasonalFluSummary_2011-2012.pdf>.
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Influenza (flu) – Symptoms and causes
Influenza is a viral infection that attacks your respiratory system — your nose, throat and lungs. Influenza is commonly called the flu, but it’s not the same as stomach “flu” viruses that cause diarrhea and vomiting.
For most people, the flu resolves on its own. But sometimes, influenza and its complications can be deadly. People at higher risk of developing flu complications include:
- Young children under age 5, and especially those under 6 months
- Adults older than age 65
- Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities
- Pregnant women and women up to two weeks after giving birth
- People with weakened immune systems
- Native Americans
- People who have chronic illnesses, such as asthma, heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease and diabetes
- People who are very obese, with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher
Though the annual influenza vaccine isn’t 100% effective, it’s still your best defense against the flu.
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At first, the flu may seem like a common cold with a runny nose, sneezing and sore throat. But colds usually develop slowly, whereas the flu tends to come on suddenly. And although a cold can be a bother, you usually feel much worse with the flu.
Common signs and symptoms of the flu include:
- Aching muscles
- Chills and sweats
- Dry, persistent cough
- Shortness of breath
- Tiredness and weakness
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Sore throat
- Eye pain
- Vomiting and diarrhea, but this is more common in children than adults
COVID-19 and flu: Similarities and differences
When to see a doctor
Most people who get the flu can treat themselves at home and often don’t need to see a doctor.
If you have flu symptoms and are at risk of complications, see your doctor right away. Taking antiviral drugs may reduce the length of your illness and help prevent more-serious problems.
If you have emergency signs and symptoms of the flu, get medical care right away. For adults, emergency signs and symptoms can include:
- Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Ongoing dizziness
- Worsening of existing medical conditions
- Severe weakness or muscle pain
Emergency signs and symptoms in children can include:
- Difficulty breathing
- Blue lips
- Chest pain
- Severe muscle pain
- Worsening of existing medical conditions
Influenza viruses travel through the air in droplets when someone with the infection coughs, sneezes or talks. You can inhale the droplets directly, or you can pick up the germs from an object — such as a telephone or computer keyboard — and then transfer them to your eyes, nose or mouth.
People with the virus are likely contagious from about a day before symptoms appear until about five days after they start. Children and people with weakened immune systems may be contagious for a slightly longer time.
Influenza viruses are constantly changing, with new strains appearing regularly. If you’ve had influenza in the past, your body has already made antibodies to fight that specific strain of the virus. If future influenza viruses are similar to those you’ve encountered before, either by having the disease or by getting vaccinated, those antibodies may prevent infection or lessen its severity. But antibody levels may decline over time.
Also, antibodies against influenza viruses you’ve encountered in the past may not protect you from new influenza strains that can be very different viruses from what you had before.
Factors that may increase your risk of developing the flu or its complications include:
- Age. Seasonal influenza tends to target children 6 months to 5 years old, and adults 65 years old or older.
- Living or working conditions. People who live or work in facilities with many other residents, such as nursing homes or military barracks, are more likely to develop the flu. People who are staying in the hospital are also at higher risk.
- Weakened immune system. Cancer treatments, anti-rejection drugs, long-term use of steroids, organ transplant, blood cancer or HIV/AIDS can weaken your immune system. This can make it easier for you to catch the flu and may also increase your risk of developing complications.
- Chronic illnesses. Chronic conditions, including lung diseases such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease, nervous system diseases, metabolic disorders, an airway abnormality, and kidney, liver or blood disease, may increase your risk of influenza complications.
- Race. Native American people may have an increased risk of influenza complications.
- Aspirin use under age 19. People who are younger than 19 years of age and receiving long-term aspirin therapy are at risk of developing Reye’s syndrome if infected with influenza.
- Pregnancy. Pregnant women are more likely to develop influenza complications, particularly in the second and third trimesters. Women are more likely to develop influenza-related complications up to two weeks after delivering their babies.
- Obesity. People with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or more have an increased risk of flu complications.
If you’re young and healthy, the flu usually isn’t serious. Although you may feel miserable while you have it, the flu usually goes away in a week or two with no lasting effects. But children and adults at high risk may develop complications that may include:
- Asthma flare-ups
- Heart problems
- Ear infections
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Pneumonia is one of the most serious complications. For older adults and people with a chronic illness, pneumonia can be deadly.
Flu vaccines at Mayo Clinic
Mayo Clinic offers flu shots in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota.
Learn more about how to get your flu shot at Mayo Clinic
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends annual flu vaccination for everyone age 6 months or older. The flu vaccine can reduce your risk of the flu and its severity and lower the risk of having serious illness from the flu and needing to stay in the hospital.
Flu vaccination is especially important this season because the flu and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cause similar symptoms. Flu vaccination could reduce symptoms that might be confused with those caused by COVID-19. Preventing the flu and reducing the severity of flu illness and hospitalizations could also lessen the number of people needing to stay in the hospital.
Each year’s seasonal flu vaccine provides protection from the three or four influenza viruses that are expected to be the most common during that year’s flu season. This year, the vaccine will be available as an injection and as a nasal spray.
In recent years, there was concern that the nasal spray vaccine wasn’t effective enough against certain types of flu. However, the nasal spray vaccine is expected to be effective in the 2020-2021 season. The nasal spray still isn’t recommended for some groups, such as pregnant women, children between 2 and 4 years old with asthma or wheezing, and people who have compromised immune systems.
If you have an egg allergy, you can still get a flu vaccine.
Mayo Clinic Minute: Why getting vaccinated for the flu is doubly important this season
Controlling the spread of infection
The influenza vaccine isn’t 100% effective, so it’s also important to take several measures to reduce the spread of infection, including:
- Wash your hands. Washing your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds is an effective way to prevent many common infections. Or use alcohol-based hand sanitizers if soap and water aren’t available.
- Avoid touching your face. Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth.
- Cover your coughs and sneezes. Cough or sneeze into a tissue or your elbow. Then wash your hands.
- Clean surfaces. Regularly clean often-touched surfaces to prevent spread of infection from touching a surface with the virus on it and then your face.
Avoid crowds. The flu spreads easily wherever people gather — in child care centers, schools, office buildings, auditoriums and public transportation. By avoiding crowds during peak flu season, you reduce your chances of infection.
Also avoid anyone who is sick. And if you’re sick, stay home for at least 24 hours after your fever is gone so that you lessen your chance of infecting others.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, both COVID-19 and the flu may be spreading at the same time. Your local health department and the CDC may suggest other precautions to reduce your risk of COVID-19 or the flu. For example, you may need to practice social distancing (physical distancing) and stay at least 6 feet (2 meters) from others outside your household. You may also need to wear a cloth face mask when around people outside your household.
Dec. 19, 2020
90,000 Memo for the population on the prevention of influenza, coronavirus infection and other acute respiratory viral infections
ref: Memo: Prevention of influenza and coronavirus infection
ref: Memo: THE USE OF A DISPOSABLE MASK REDUCES THE PROBABILITY OF INFECTION WITH FLU, CORONAVIRUS AND OTHER ARVI
Influenza, coronavirus infection and other acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI)
Influenza, coronavirus infection and other acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) are in first place in terms of the number of people who become ill each year.
Despite constant efforts to combat the causative agents of influenza, coronavirus infection and other acute respiratory viral infections, they still have not been defeated.
Thousands of people die from complications of influenza every year.
This is due to the fact that viruses, primarily influenza viruses and coronaviruses, have the ability to change their structure and a mutated virus is capable of infecting a person again. So, a person who has had the flu has a good immune barrier, but nevertheless a new modified virus is able to easily penetrate through it, since the body has not yet developed immunity against this type of virus.
For whom is the most dangerous encounter with the virus?
Children and the elderly are especially hard to tolerate the infection; for these age groups, complications that can develop during the illness are very dangerous. Children get sick more seriously due to the fact that their immune systems have not yet met this virus, and for the elderly, as well as for people with chronic diseases, the virus is dangerous due to a weakened immune system.
People over 60 years old
People with chronic lung diseases (bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
People with chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system (congenital heart defects, coronary heart disease, heart failure)
Workers of public transport, catering establishments
How does the infection occur?
The infection is transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person through the smallest droplets of saliva or mucus that are released during sneezing, coughing, talking.Contact transmission is also possible.
Depending on the specific type of pathogen, symptoms can vary significantly, both in severity and in combination.
Chills, general malaise, weakness headache, muscle pain
Decreased appetite, possible nausea and vomiting
On average, the illness lasts about 5 days. If the temperature lasts longer, complications may have arisen.
Complications of pregnancy, development of fetal pathology
Aggravation of chronic diseases
Treatment of the disease is carried out under the supervision of a physician who, only after examining the patient, prescribes a treatment regimen and gives other recommendations. The sick person must comply with bed rest, eat well and drink more fluids.
Taking antibiotics in the early days of the disease is a big mistake. Antibiotics are not able to cope with the virus, in addition, they adversely affect the normal microflora. Antibiotics are prescribed only by a doctor, only in case of complications caused by the addition of a bacterial infection. Taking antibacterial drugs as a preventive measure for the development of complications is dangerous and useless.
A sick person should stay at home and not pose a threat of infection to others.
The most effective way to prevent influenza is to get vaccinated annually. The composition of the influenza vaccine changes annually. First of all, it is recommended to get vaccinated for those who are at risk. The optimal time for vaccination is October-November. Influenza vaccination is possible from 6 months of age onwards.
Vaccines against most pathogens of acute respiratory viral infections have not been developed.
Universal prevention measures
Wash your hands often and thoroughly
Avoid contact with coughing people
Follow a healthy lifestyle (sleep, healthy food, physical activity)
Drink plenty of fluids
Ventilate and humidify the air in the room you are in on a regular basis
Rarely be in crowded places
Use a mask when in public transport or in public places
Avoid hugging, kissing and shaking hands when meeting
Do not touch your face, eyes, nose with unwashed hands
At the first sign of a viral infection – consult a doctor!
Hygiene for influenza, coronavirus infection and other acute respiratory viral infections
What should you do during the period of active circulation of pathogens of influenza, coronavirus infection and other pathogens of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) in order to prevent your own infection and protect those around you if you get sick?
The causative agents of all these diseases are highly contagious and are transmitted mainly by airborne droplets.
When sneezing and coughing in the air around a sick person, microdroplets of his saliva, sputum and respiratory secretions, which contain viruses, are spread. Larger droplets settle on surrounding objects and surfaces, small ones stay in the air for a long time and are transported to distances of up to several hundred meters, while viruses retain the ability to infect from several hours to several days. The main measures of hygienic prevention are aimed at preventing healthy people from contact with particles of a sick person’s secretions containing viruses.
Compliance with the following hygiene rules will significantly reduce the risk of infection or further spread of influenza, coronavirus infection and other ARVI.
How not to get infected
· Wash hands after visiting any public places, transport, touching doorknobs, money, public office equipment in the workplace, before eating and preparing food. Pay special attention to thoroughly soaping (at least 20 seconds), and then completely drying your hands.
· After returning home from the street – wash your hands and face with soap, rinse your nose with isotonic salt solution.
· Touch the face and eyes with freshly washed hands. If water and soap are not available, use alcohol-based hand sanitizers to clean your hands. Or use a disposable napkin, if necessary, touching the eyes or nose
· Put on a disposable medical mask in crowded places and in transport.It is necessary to change the mask to a new one every 2-3 hours; the mask cannot be reused.
· Give preference to sleek hairstyles when you are in crowded places, loose hair, often in contact with your face, increases the risk of infection.
· Avoid close contact and stay in the same room with people with visible signs of SARS (coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge).
· Do not touch door handles, railings, other objects and surfaces in public spaces with bare hands.
· Limit welcome handshakes, kisses, and hugs.
· Ventilate the premises more often.
· Do not use shared towels.
How not to infect others
· Minimize contact with healthy people (welcome handshakes, kisses).
· If you feel unwell, but have to communicate with other people or use public transport – use a disposable mask, be sure to change it to a new one every hour.
· When coughing or sneezing, be sure to cover your mouth, if possible – with a disposable handkerchief, if not – with your palms or elbows.
· Use only personal or disposable tableware.
· Isolate your personal hygiene items from household members: toothbrush, washcloth, towels.
· Carry out wet cleaning of the house every day, including the treatment of door handles, switches, office equipment control panels.
Influenza, coronavirus, other acute respiratory viral infections – a mask will help!
During the period of active circulation of pathogens of influenza, coronavirus infection, and other pathogens of acute respiratory viral infections, we remind you of the advisability of using a disposable medical mask as an effective measure to prevent infection and limit the spread of infection.
These viruses are transmitted from person to person mainly by airborne droplets, through microdroplets of respiratory secretions that are formed when infected people speak, sneeze or cough.
With the air, these droplets can get onto the surface of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract of healthy people who are near an infected person.
Infection can also occur as a result of direct or indirect contact of a healthy person with the respiratory secretions of an infected person.
The use of a disposable medical mask prevents droplets of respiratory secretions, which may contain viruses, from entering the body of a healthy person through the nose and mouth.
· Wear a mask when caring for a family member with symptoms of a viral respiratory illness.
· If you are sick or have symptoms of a viral respiratory illness, wear a mask before approaching other people.
· If you have symptoms of a viral respiratory illness and need to see a doctor, wear a mask well in advance to protect those around you in the waiting area.
· Wear a mask when in crowded places.
· Use the mask once; reuse of the mask is not allowed.
· Change mask every 2-3 hours or more often.
· If the mask is wet, it should be replaced with a new one.
· After using the mask, discard it and wash your hands.
Disposable medical mask, if used correctly, is a reliable and effective method of reducing the risk of infection and preventing the spread of influenza, coronavirus and other pathogens of ARVI.
90,000 Acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI)
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Acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) – respiratory tract infection caused by viruses.
About two hundred varieties of viruses are known that cause ARVI (the most famous is the influenza virus).
All viruses are highly contagious, transmitted by airborne droplets, diseases caused by viruses have similar symptoms.
Symptoms of ARVI
- temperature rise
- sore throat
- runny nose
- weakness, malaise
If you experience these symptoms, we advise you to make an appointment with your doctor. Timely consultation will prevent negative consequences for your health.Phone for appointment +7 (495) 292-39-72
The main thing in ARVI treatment is to help the immune system cope with the disease. It is necessary to mitigate the symptoms of the development of the disease. During the course of the disease, it is necessary to constantly be in warmth and rest in order to prevent the spread of the virus around and to avoid possible complications. It is advisable to take a large amount of warm drinks, which helps flush viruses and toxins from the body and improves the functioning of the immune system.It is best to drink diluted fruit juice, decoctions or herbal infusions, and chicken broth.
The temperature can be brought down with antipyretics, but you should not abuse them, since with ARVI temperature is a protective reaction that helps the body fight infection. In addition, the duration of a fever for more than 3 days at a level of 38 degrees and above may indicate the development of complications of acute respiratory viral infections (acute sinusitis, acute otitis media, pneumonia). In this case, not only the treatment of the viral infection is required, but also its complications.
Attention! If after 3-5 days your health worsens, the temperature rises again, see a doctor immediately, this may indicate bacterial complications.
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90,000 ARVI – causes, symptoms and treatment
Each of us has come across a diagnosis of ARVI more than once in our lives. This abbreviation stands for Acute Respiratory Viral Infection. In the people, the disease is simply called a cold.
ARVI unites a number of inflammatory diseases, which are characterized by the following symptoms:
- causative agent – virus;
- airborne infection route;
- primary lesion of the respiratory system;
- rapid development and acute course of the disease, which itself lasts for a relatively short time.
Do you have symptoms of SARS?
Only a doctor can accurately diagnose the disease.Do not delay the consultation – call
+7 (495) 775-73-60
What you need to know about the disease:
- SARS provoke parainfluenza viruses, rhinoviruses, reoviruses, adenoviruses and many others, more than 200 species in total.
- All of them are easily transmitted by airborne droplets, as well as by skin contact. From the moment of infection to the development of the disease, a relatively short time passes, about 2 days.
- When breathing and sneezing, patients release pathogens into the air, which enter the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract of healthy people, settle there and begin to produce toxins.They spread throughout the body and cause general intoxication, manifested in the form of headaches, fever, aching joints and muscles. Respiratory symptoms also occur: runny nose, cough, sore throat.
- In the acute period of the development of the disease, a person feels overwhelmed, unable to work fully.
Most often, children get sick with ARVI, since their immune system is still being formed.The disease can be quite difficult, complications often arise. Adults, as a rule, get sick less often, sometimes they do not even have a fever. But if ARVI was diagnosed several times per season, you need to sound the alarm. You should consult a doctor and undergo additional examinations.
Many do not take this viral disease seriously, carry it on their feet, continue to go to work even when the temperature rises. However, you should not neglect a viral infection.First, a sick person infects others. Secondly, ARVI on the legs is fraught with serious complications, such as otitis media, sinusitis, myocarditis, pneumonia, meningitis, that is, a bacterial infection develops on the basis of a viral infection. Treatment of these diseases is long and expensive, hospitalization is often indicated. ARVI is especially dangerous for people who have chronic diseases, weakened immunity, work hard and are malnourished.
How many days does ARVI last? Usually, the acute period of a viral disease passes after 3-4 days, the symptoms gradually disappear, the sore throat disappears, and the runny nose decreases.But if after 7 days from the onset of the disease the symptomatology continues to remain pronounced, the appearance of a complication is possible. The virus actively multiplies in the respiratory tract, inhibiting the ciliated epithelium, which acts as a kind of filter of the lungs. Therefore, during this period, other viruses and bacteria can freely enter the lungs and other organs. Often, complications go away without any symptoms, but they are doubly insidious, since they greatly reduce immunity.
After ARVI, doctors can state the development of many serious diseases.
- The most common diagnosis is bronchitis, an inflammatory process in the bronchi. It is accompanied by a deep cough, shortness of breath, and increased sweating. At the same time, the temperature does not always rise, and the cough, at first dry, tearful, eventually turns into wet. In extreme cases, purulent bronchitis develops.
- Sinusitis – inflammation of the maxillary sinuses. It is suspected when the patient complains of aching headache, persistent nasal congestion, impaired nasal breathing, discharge.The temperature is kept at 37 °. If left untreated, the infection can spread further, which is especially dangerous for children. In adults, an acute condition can become chronic.
- One of the most dangerous complications is pneumonia, inflammation of the lung tissue. Its symptoms (cough, shortness of breath) are similar to bronchitis, but the temperature lasts longer, there is a general breakdown. To confirm the suspicion of pneumonia, an X-ray examination is prescribed. Treatment takes a very long time, strong antibiotics are used, hospitalization is indicated.
- Myocarditis – inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium). Often occurs even after acute respiratory viral infection, proceeding in a mild form. Manifested by general weakness, shortness of breath, heart rhythm disturbances. Without proper treatment, it threatens chronic heart disease.
- When an infection from the nose travels to the side of the ear, otitis media, an inflammation of the lining of the middle ear and the eardrum, may occur. In the acute period, severe pain occurs, the temperature rises. Without proper treatment, hearing deteriorates, and if the auditory nerve is damaged, it can disappear completely.
- A dangerous complication of ARVI is pyelonephritis – an inflammatory process in the kidneys, the characteristic features of which are pain in the lumbar region. However, in adults, the disease can go away without symptoms. Diagnose it by the analysis of urine, showing an increased content of leukocytes.
- Meningitis, an inflammation of the lining of the brain or spinal cord, can be a fatal complication.
Preparing for a visit / visit to a doctor
If ARVI develops in children, parents call a doctor at home or go to the clinic.But most adults ignore the common cold. At best, they are treated at home, at worst – on the advice of friends or TV advertisements, they take medications and continue to go to work. As a result, through the fault of self-prescribed drugs, chronic pathologies, complications, allergies, and intestinal disorders arise.
SARS is not as safe as it seems because of its consequences. Doctors strongly recommend fighting it under the supervision of specialists and not self-medicating.
Colds are especially insidious in relation to the elderly and people with chronic diseases.SARS is caused by different viruses, in each case manifesting themselves differently. Only a doctor is capable of making an accurate diagnosis and choosing the correct treatment regimen. A person can call a therapist at home if he himself cannot come to an appointment due to the following symptoms:
- temperatures 38 ° and above;
- cumulative signs of ARVI and influenza during epidemics;
- severe pain in the spine and joints;
- high or low blood pressure, dizziness;
- severe nausea and vomiting, diarrhea.
If the temperature is below 38 °, but the patient cannot come to the hospital for the reasons listed above, he also has the right to call a doctor at home with ARVI.
During an examination at home or in a polyclinic, the doctor asks the patient about the symptoms, how long the temperature is, measures the pressure, palpates the abdomen and peripheral lymph nodes, examines the skin, mucous membranes, taps and listens to the chest, heart, and measures the respiratory rate.
Diagnostics of ARVI
Doctors diagnose ARVI based on the patient’s complaints and visual examination. Additionally, urine and blood tests are prescribed. Hospitalization is usually not required. If a person follows the recommendations of a doctor, the infection recedes quite quickly at home.Since the incidence of ARVI is most often epidemic in nature, doctors do not try to identify a specific pathogen.
At the diagnostic stage, it is important not to confuse ARVI with influenza, since the symptoms are very similar.
- Usually ARVI develops gradually.
- Initially, there is general weakness, a feeling of weakness, a runny nose, sore throat, hoarseness appear almost immediately, headache and fever may occur.
- Influenza, unlike SARS, always begins very acutely, with intense headache, high fever, sore eyes, severe aches in the joints and muscles.
- Often a person cannot get out of bed due to weakness and dizziness.
- A runny nose or cough (catarrhal manifestations) appears only after a few days, when the pain disappears and the temperature decreases.
In any case, if you have the above symptoms, you cannot engage in self-diagnosis.You need to see a doctor.
How to treat ARVI
For ARVI, bed rest is recommended. Drink plenty of fluids. If the temperature rises above 38.5 °, it is necessary to take antipyretic drugs. The rest of the medications must be prescribed by a doctor.
With ARVI, antibiotics are not prescribed. They do not work against viruses, but only overload the liver. The use of such drugs is advisable if a bacterial develops against the background of a viral infection.
- The main recommendation of doctors for ARVI is to drink a lot to prevent dehydration. The mucous membranes perform an important function – they take the first blow, trapping viruses. If the mucous membrane is too dry, it cannot do its job, and viruses enter the body again and again.Mucus in the nose, phlegm in the bronchi – this is also a protective reaction of the body. For the formation of these substances, moisture is also required, if it is not enough, you should not even count on a quick recovery. Moisture is also lost as the temperature rises. For colds, it is advised to drink at least two liters of liquid per day: warm herbal teas, fruit drinks, compotes. You can not drink alcohol, coffee and soda, because they have the opposite effect – they remove liquid.
- It is important to control the humidity in the room.In apartments with centralized heating, this figure sometimes drops to 15–20%, which leads to drying out of the mucous membrane. For the same purpose, it is recommended to rinse the nose with isotonic (0.9%) saline solution, as well as gargle the throat, since salt has the property of retaining moisture.
- If the general condition is poor, the head and throat are very sore, with ARVI, you can take inexpensive drugs based on ibuprofen or paracetamol, which also have the property of lowering the temperature.
- It is recommended to ventilate the room more often, as viruses proliferate in dry and warm environments.It is better to stay at home for a few days, to allow the body to direct all its forces to fight the virus. A cold on the legs will stretch the time of the illness, and this threatens with complications.
- Pregnant women should be especially careful about their health. At the first symptoms of ARVI, you should consult a doctor. It is strictly forbidden to self-medicate. After all, some drugs, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy, are dangerous for the baby.
Doctors warn about the dangers of taking even the most effective antiviral drugs for ARVI without the recommendation of a therapist.This does not always give the desired result, and side effects are quite possible.
How to cure ARVI with home remedies
There are many folk remedies for dealing with colds, many of them are very effective. However, today they do not always work independently, since viruses mutate and adapt very quickly.
Doctors support grandmother’s advice to drink tea with raspberries, milk with honey and butter. Drinking warm drinks for colds is highly desirable. Ginger effectively fights viruses. Tea with ginger, honey and lemon is an excellent warming agent in the cold season. It strengthens the immune system, has diaphoretic and anti-inflammatory properties.
Myths and dangerous misconceptions in the treatment of ARVI
- The temperature in the range of 37–38.5 ° does not need to be knocked down.It testifies that a natural defense mechanism has turned on, the immune system has begun to work.
- Inhalation is recommended, but today it is better to use not a pot of boiled potatoes for this, but safe modern inhalers bought at a pharmacy.
- It makes no sense to use cans and mustard plasters, since no one has been able to prove their effectiveness. For warming up (in the absence of elevated temperature!), It is better to use pharmacy ointments and dry heat.
- Do not put undiluted onion and garlic juice into the nose, this will burn the nasopharynx. Although these plants themselves are very useful because they contain phytoncides.
- There is an opinion that after an illness, immunity to colds is developed, but ARVI is a group of respiratory diseases, the causative agents of which are different viruses and their strains. Having been ill once, you can soon get sick again if the infection has occurred with another virus. In addition, these agents change very quickly, so the immune system has no time to adapt.However, proper nutrition, rich in vitamins and minerals, adequate physical activity, walks in the fresh air and a positive attitude can strengthen the immune system and resist viral infection.
- During epidemics, doctors recommend that children and people with weakened immunity limit visits to public places.In schools, quarantine is quite reasonable for this.
- Adults who are forced to go to work, to the shops to shop, or to use public transport are advised to wash their hands more often with soap and water, and use a disinfectant spray.
- It also does not hurt to rinse the nose with isotonic sea salt or common table salt.
- Prepare in advance for cold season. Doctors recommend adhering to the principles of a healthy diet, eating enough vegetables and fruits, limiting alcohol consumption, not smoking, and sleeping for at least 8 hours.
- Hardening is a very effective means of preventing ARVI. It helps to increase the adaptive properties of the body. In hardened people, there is a faster reaction of blood vessels to cold, higher heat production and a range of temperature activity. Their blood circulation improves, metabolism is normalized.
- It is important to maintain optimal air humidity in the home at all times, and not only during illness. In city apartments during the heating season, doctors recommend using humidifiers to increase it to at least 60%, especially in the children’s room.
Since ARVI is caused by different viruses, there is no universal vaccine for the common cold yet. But against certain types of pathogens, effective drugs are developed annually. In the fall, it is recommended to get vaccinated against influenza, doctors always predict quite accurately what type of virus will prevail during the epidemic season. However, it should be noted: vaccination does not guarantee that you will not get sick at all, nevertheless, the disease will be much easier.
90,000 The problem of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections.
The problem of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections is relevant for any country in the world and for each person individually. During annual epidemics, influenza affects at least 10% of the world’s population.
Annually in Russia about 50 million cases of infectious diseases are registered, among which ARVI make up 90%. Timely use of effective antiviral agents as part of the complex therapy of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections allows, in the overwhelming majority of cases, to avoid the development of severe complications and, moreover, deaths.
ARI, ARVI, ARVD – these terms mean acute respiratory viral diseases, which are a heterogeneous group of infectious diseases of the respiratory system, they are characterized by similar mechanisms of development of the disease and many common symptoms.
The maximum clinical effect in the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections can be achieved only with the combined and sequential administration of drugs prescribed by a doctor, since only in this case there is a suppression of viruses with a simultaneous correction of disorders of the immune systems and interferon.
The drugs used for the prevention and treatment of ARVI should perform the following functions:
– Eliminate the pathogen;
– Stimulate the body’s defenses;
– Correct functional disorders arising in the course of the disease;
Control of viral infections can be:
-specific, obtained with the help of vaccines;
-nonspecific, when the stimulation of natural resistance is achieved with the help of immunomodulators – special medications;
-chemical: with the help of chemotherapy.
Specific prophylaxis is carried out in the pre-epidemic period. Specific prophylaxis of the population is carried out using special vaccines. The strain composition of vaccines changes annually, in accordance with WHO recommendations. With the introduction of the drug, a weakened natural infection is reproduced, during which both local and general cellular and humoral immunity is formed, due to which a protective barrier is formed at the entrance gate of the infection. It is important that influenza vaccines are also capable of forming herd immunity – when at least 50% of the collective is vaccinated, the incidence of unvaccinated persons also decreases.
Pre-epidemic influenza vaccination is primarily subject to:
– Persons over 60 years old;
– Persons suffering from chronic diseases;
– Persons who often suffer from acute respiratory viral diseases;
– Preschool children;
– Medical professionals;
– Workers in the service sector, transport, educational institutions;
– Military contingents.
Influenza vaccination is compatible with other vaccinations (in different parts of the body).
Contraindications for vaccination, mainly temporary:
– Presence of acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, tonsillitis at the time of vaccination.
– Injuries to the hands.
– Purulent lesions of the skin of the mucous membranes, regardless of their location.
– Pregnancy (especially the first trimester).
Absolute contraindication is egg white intolerance.
For non-specific prophylaxis of influenza, medical immunobiological preparations are used that are approved for use and registered in the territory of the Russian Federation in accordance with the established procedure, in accordance with the instructions for their use.
Non-specific prophylaxis of influenza includes:
– emergency prevention, carried out at the beginning of an epidemiological outbreak, with the use of antiviral drugs with an immediate effect.
– seasonal prophylaxis, carried out in the pre-epidemic period, with the use of immunocorrective drugs in courses of different duration.
– sanitary and hygienic and recreational activities.
An individual approach to emergency prevention is aimed at protecting risk contingents exposed to an increased risk of infection, with a severe course, frequent complications and exacerbations of the existing pathology and a high risk of adverse outcomes (persons with immunodeficiencies, bronchopulmonary diseases, chronic somatic and infectious diseases, children under the age of 6 years old, elderly people).
At the collective level, it is advisable to ensure the protection of the most “vulnerable” contingents: in orphanages, boarding schools, individual educational, industrial, military teams with a high density of accommodation.
The population level of non-specific emergency prevention of influenza and acute respiratory diseases provides for the protection of large groups of the population, some of which contribute to the massive spread of infection among the population (for example, schoolchildren), others are at an increased risk of infection and also play an important role in the further dissemination of infections (health workers, workers of trade, public transport; persons living in ecologically unfavorable territories).
Non-specific seasonal prophylaxis of influenza is carried out in order to increase the resistance of the human body to respiratory viruses during the maximum probability of illness and in the pre-epidemic period.
Immunocorrective drugs are used in courses of various durations to correct the immune status in people at risk of influenza and acute respiratory diseases:
– Frequent and long-term ill,
– Chronic Diseases,
-With secondary immunodeficiencies.
– Living in ecologically unfavorable territories.
Sanitary-epidemic and recreational activities include:
– formation of a healthy lifestyle;
– hardening procedures;
– physical education;
– improvement of working and living conditions, etc.
For all issues of prevention and vaccination, at the first symptoms of malaise, it is mandatory to consult a doctor.
Doctor – pulmonologist Olga Bakhmanova
GBUZ TOKB im.V.R. Babenko “
07 November 2019
90,000 Flu Shot | Medical center “Healthy Generation”
Uncomplicated flu usually lasts up to 7 days, but the cough and weakness can persist after recovery, for up to 2–3 weeks. Quite often, in young children, the disease begins with food refusal, nausea and vomiting and can be confused with an intestinal infection. The first symptoms appear quickly, a few hours after infection, and later the disease develops very quickly.Swine flu cannot be distinguished from ordinary flu only by clinical manifestations, this requires laboratory tests. The main complaints of patients are rash, joint aches, photophobia, pain when moving the eyeballs, conjunctivitis and debilitating fever. Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea may occur.
When the listed signs of the disease appear, it is imperative to consult a doctor, and not self-medicate.
Patients diagnosed with influenza in severe, complicated, or progressive cases require hospitalization and therapy with effective anti-influenza drugs.These drugs include Oseltamivir and Zanamivir, they should be started in the first 48 hours of illness and continued for at least 5 days, the duration of treatment can be much longer if the clinical situation requires it.
All at-risk patients should take Oseltamivir or Zanamivir, even for moderate severity and outpatient treatment.
Taking the drugs Remantadin, Arbidol and others listed in this article cannot be recommended, since for some of these drugs no data has been obtained on their effectiveness and safety as therapeutic or prophylactic agents for the treatment of influenza, and the virus has already developed resistance to the other half …
Everything you need to know about proper throat treatment Sore throat is a symptom of many diseases. Often the reason lies in the action of acute tonsillitis or tonsillitis – streptococcus. Therefore, it is important to start treating the throat at the first sign of the disease … Read more in the articles on the site SlickJump® There are contraindications. Check with your doctor. Symptomatic treatment for influenza
Since the flu in people from the normal risk group and in vaccinated patients is mostly mild, outpatient symptomatic treatment is sufficient.
If you have symptoms of the flu, it is absolutely impossible to continue living in your usual rhythm. Firstly, the physical activity habitual for a healthy person becomes excessive with this disease and is dangerous to health, and secondly, a sick person can infect others, in whom this disease may not proceed in such a mild form and end fatally.
If you are sick, try to follow a home regimen and rest more, drink at least 2–2.5 liters of any liquid per day, if you have an appetite, then eat dietary foods that are easily digestible, if there is no appetite, that is not necessary, but try to the drinks contained glucose.Don’t forget about the benefits of chicken stock during this period.
Fever, headache, muscle pain, joint aches and weakness are usually severe within 3-5 days. Antipyretic drugs can be used to relieve these symptoms in children and adults:
Paracetamol or Ibuprofen. The use of aspirin in children with the flu can lead to dangerous complications.
If you are concerned about a sore throat, gargles and absorbable lozenges can be used, vasoconstrictor drops are effective for nasal congestion.
You can return to your usual way of life after the temperature has returned to normal.
If you have the slightest doubt about the stability of your condition or you belong to a high-risk group, be sure to call your doctor at home. You can start taking antiviral drugs only as directed by your doctor.
Antibiotics have no effect on the influenza virus and can only be used if bacterial complications are attached.
Results of the epidemiological season 2017/18 for influenza and acute respiratory viral infection.Features of etiotropic therapy | Selkova E.P., Grenkova T.A., Gudova N.V., Oganesyan A.S.
The article presents the results of the epidemiological season 2017/18. for influenza and acute respiratory viral infection. The features of etiotropic therapy of these diseases are highlighted.
Influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) account for more than 90% of all infectious diseases and remain one of the urgent medical and socio-economic problems of society due to the high incidence, risk of severe complications, exacerbations of chronic diseases and, as a result, mortality, especially in the elderly and children under 1 year of age.According to the WHO, during epidemic outbreaks of influenza, up to 15% of the population (from 3 million to 5 million people) falls ill, 250-500 thousand of them die. Influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections in the Russian Federation are approximately 20-40 million people a year, of which 40-60% are children. Annual epidemic rises of ARVI cause significant damage to the health of the population, the economy of the regions and the country . The treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections, as well as their complications, takes up to 90% of the funds allocated for the treatment of all infectious diseases .
Among acute respiratory viral infections, influenza is of particular epidemiological and social importance, characterized by high rates of morbidity and mortality, as well as severe socio-economic consequences. A feature of the epidemic situation in recent years is the simultaneous circulation in the human population of several respiratory viruses: influenza A (h4N2 and h2N1) and B with a periodic predominance of one of them, adenoviruses, parainfluenza viruses and rhinoviruses, respiratory syncytial viruses, coronaviruses, etc.Influenza viruses have a unique genome variability that allows it to escape from the human immune system, which, in combination with the aerogenic transmission of the pathogen under conditions of close contact and high population migration, contributes to the rapid spread of infection. Features of the biology of the virus and the epidemiology of influenza lead to its widespread distribution among the population. Over the past 10 years, there has been a different intensity of the epidemic process of influenza – from seasonal epidemic rises to epidemics and pandemics.
Other ARVIs are more often caused by representatives of three families of RNA-containing viruses: paramyxoviruses (respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza viruses of types 1-4), coronaviruses (229E, OC43, NL63, HKUI) and picornaviruses (rhinoviruses), as well as representatives of two families of DNA-containing viruses: adenoviruses (species B, C, E) and parvoviruses (human bocavirus) .
Epidemiological situation with influenza and ARVI in recent years
International monitoring of the spread of respiratory viruses made it possible to establish that the epidemic process of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections has its own characteristics.The incidence is highly seasonal. The beginning and middle of autumn are characterized by an increase in the incidence of ARVI in most regions of the Russian Federation, which is associated with the return of the adult population from vacations, the beginning of the school year in schools and the formation of new teams in preschool educational institutions. The beginning of the circulation of influenza viruses in recent years falls on the end of autumn – the beginning of winter with a peak in January – February. In some epidemic seasons, the second peaks in the incidence of influenza were recorded, associated with a change in the dominant pathogen.It should be noted that the emergence of a new epidemic strain leads to the development of a pandemic at any time of the year, as it was in the summer of 2009
Flu epidemic season 2017/18 had a number of features. The unequal activity of influenza viruses across countries and continents was noted. In the United States and the United Kingdom, influenza A (h4N2) viruses have caused high incidences. In a number of European countries, influenza viruses B and A (h2N1) pdm09 were very active. In terms of antigenic properties, the drift of the influenza B virus of the B / Victoria-like line was noted.The discrepancy in the antigenic properties of the circulating and vaccine strains of the influenza B virus in certain territories was the reason for the insufficiently high efficiency of immunization carried out by the three-component vaccine. Severe forms of the course of the disease and cases with a fatal outcome were recorded mainly in unvaccinated elderly people. A good profile of the sensitivity of epidemic strains to drugs with neuraminidase activity was maintained.
In the European Region during the 2017/18 epidemic seasonthe increase in the incidence of influenza began at 50–51 weeks. 2017, reaching a peak in the 3-5th week. 2018 Diseases were caused by influenza viruses of both types – A and B, with a predominance of type B influenza viruses. The number of detected viruses of the B / Yamagata lineage was significantly higher than that of B / Victoria. Among influenza A viruses detected in respiratory surveillance centers, influenza A (h2N1) pdm09 viruses were higher than A (h4N2) viruses.
The results of the monitoring analysis showed that the epidemic season in the United States was characterized by a later onset, high intensity and wide geographical spread of the epidemic, mainly due to the influenza A (h4N2) virus.At the end of the epidemic, the influenza B virus took the dominant position, causing new epidemic rises in the incidence of low intensity in certain administrative territories.
In the Russian Federation during the period of the epidemic rise in the incidence of influenza and SARS in 2017/18. 10.4% of the total population fell ill. The epidemic rise began much later than in the previous epidemic season, and was characterized by an excess of weekly epidemic thresholds for the incidence of influenza and SARS almost simultaneously in 11 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.Analysis of the results of virological monitoring showed that the share of influenza viruses in the structure of all isolated respiratory viruses was 29.4%, while influenza B viruses accounted for 42.3%, A (h4N2) – 30.7%, A (h2N1) pdm09 – 27 %.
The peak of the epidemic fell on the 12th week. 2018, when the excess of the weekly epidemiological thresholds for the incidence of influenza and ARVI was noted in 29 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in the central city – in 8 cities.
According to official statistics, the highest incidence rates of influenza and ARVI in the total population at the peak of the season were recorded in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (207 per 10 thousand.), The Republic of Karelia (135.8), St. Petersburg (133), the Pskov region (128.64), the Vologda region (127), the Ulyanovsk region (123), the Perm region (114.2), the Murmansk region ( 109), Kaluga Oblast (101), Arkhangelsk Oblast (98), Novgorod Oblast (98), Jewish Autonomous Oblast (96.8), Novosibirsk Oblast (93), Tula Oblast (92.1), the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) ( 92). In these subjects, high incidence rates were recorded in all age groups of the population, but among children of early and school age they were higher than among the adult population.Another feature of the epidemic rise in the incidence of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections is the higher incidence of the child population. Most often, epidemics of respiratory viral infections begin precisely with an increase in the incidence among children [3, 4].
The nature and severity of clinical manifestations of influenza varies from mild to extremely severe and depends on the type of pathogen and the immune system response (immune response) of the patient. The frequency of hospitalization of children with influenza depends on the age: the younger the child, the higher the risk of a severe course of the disease requiring treatment in an inpatient setting.A number of authors [5, 6] indicate that the rate of hospitalization (per 10 thousand hospitalized) in the group of children from 6 months. up to 2 years old is 10.4, among children from 2 to 4 years old – 5.7. At the same time, in the 5–17 age group, it dropped to 1.1.
According to official statistics, on the 12th week. epidemiological season 2017/18 27.6 thousand people were hospitalized with a diagnosis of influenza and ARVI, which is higher than at the peak of the previous epidemic in 2016/17. (23.9 thousand). At the same time, the total number of hospitalized with diagnoses of influenza and ARVI for the entire period of the epidemic was less.
The average duration of an influenza epidemic in the country in the past epidemic season was 12 weeks. (in the previous – 17 weeks). The duration of the epidemic rise in most subjects was 4–6 weeks. and only in certain regions (the republics of Karelia, Sakha (Yakutia), the Murmansk region, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug) it lasted from 8 to 12 weeks.
Prevention and treatment of influenza and ARVI
The ability of influenza viruses to spread rapidly among the population, to travel long distances in a short time and simultaneously infect large groups of people, the severity of clinical manifestations and the frequent occurrence of secondary complications make it difficult to carry out effective preventive and therapeutic measures.
It has been proven that influenza vaccines based on vaccine strains relevant for this epidemic season can protect up to 80% of healthy children and adults from the disease, as well as reduce the risk of complications among sick vaccinated children and elderly people. In the event of a new pandemic strain, at least 6 months are required to produce a sufficient amount of vaccines. During this period, to protect the population, antiviral, immunomodulatory and immunocorrective agents are used, which have a high profile of proven efficacy.
In the epidemic season 2017/18. the proportion of those vaccinated in Russia was 46.6% of the total population of the country (66.5 million people were vaccinated against influenza). The main vector of immunization was aimed at groups at increased risk of influenza. In the country as a whole, 85% of employees of educational institutions and persons subject to military service, 89% of medical workers were vaccinated. However, among students and people over 60 years old, this indicator was only 70% and 63%, respectively.
According to the WHO recommendations, for the epidemic season of influenza 2018/19. in the countries of the northern hemisphere, strains of influenza viruses A / Michigan / 45/2015 (h2N1) pdm09, A / Singapore / INFIMH-16-0019 / 2016 (h4N2), B / Colorado / 06/2017 (line B / Victoria / 2/87).
For the production of quadrivalent vaccines containing two influenza B viruses, it was recommended that a virus strain similar to B / Phuket / 3073/2013 (line B / Yamagata / 16/88) be included.
Currently, according to the official data of the WHO and CDC, for 39 weeks.the activity of influenza viruses in the countries of the European Region, the USA and Canada is at the interepidemic level. In India, local outbreaks of influenza have been reported, mainly caused by the A (h2N1) pdm09 virus. In the Russian Federation, the incidence of respiratory viral infections is currently mainly due to viruses of non-influenza etiology (parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial viruses, other viruses of non-influenza etiology), and isolated findings of influenza viruses are recorded.
Drug therapy for influenza and ARVI
In accordance with the WHO guidelines for the treatment and prevention of influenza and similar Russian documents [8, 9], the intake of antiviral drugs for influenza viruses or other acute respiratory viral infections should begin as early as possible, immediately after the onset of flu-like symptoms, one should not wait for laboratory results. confirmation of the etiology of the disease [9, 10]. Influenza can present with a range of symptoms, from a mild upper respiratory infection to an acute, life-threatening condition.Knowledge of the main symptoms of diseases caused by various respiratory viruses is essential for a doctor. This is due to the fact that modern principles of ARVI treatment, in addition to symptomatic agents, include a wide range of etiotropic drugs, many of which have a selective effect on specific viruses, which must be taken into account when prescribing them .
Modern approaches to the treatment of ARVI, including influenza, include the use of both medication and non-medication methods (regimen, hygiene, diet, sanitation of the upper respiratory tract, physiotherapy).The main objectives of the treatment of these infections are suppression of viral replication in the early stages of the disease, relief of clinical manifestations of viral infection, prevention and treatment of complications.
In recent years, in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza, preference has been given to drugs that have several points of application and have a combined effect, which combine direct antiviral, immunomodulatory and symptomatic effects. In situations with an unspecified pathogen and the absence of laboratory-confirmed mixed viral infection, therapy with broad-spectrum antiviral drugs should be initiated.
The use of complex drugs that have an effect not only on the proteins and key structures of the virus, but also on the cellular and humoral immune mechanisms of antiviral defense, makes it possible to effectively treat a wide range of respiratory viral infections, including influenza .
Of great importance in the treatment of ARVI and influenza are
drugs that can affect both the causative agent of infection (specified or unspecified) and the manifestations of intoxication-inflammatory syndrome (fever, chills, pain, edema, catarrhal phenomena) .One of the broad-spectrum agents for non-specific protection against influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections is Nobazit ® (enisamia iodide). Its action is based on the direct inhibition of the process of penetration of viruses through the cell membrane. The drug has interferonogenic properties, increases the concentration of endogenous interferon (alpha and gamma interferons) in the blood plasma by 3-4 times, increases the level of lysozyme, increases the body’s resistance to viral infections, reduces the clinical manifestations of viral intoxication, helps to reduce the duration of the disease, carries out anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic action.The virostatic effect of the main active ingredient enisamia iodide is associated with its effect on the structure and receptor-binding functions of hemagglutinin of the influenza pathogen type A, which provide the virion with the ability to attach to the target cell with subsequent replication [14, 15]. The inclusion of the drug Nobazit ® in the complex therapy of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections promotes the elimination of the virus, a decrease in intoxication symptoms, a decrease in the duration of the course of the disease and an increase in the general resistance of the organism .
The complex action of Nobazit, including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory, has been proven in a number of clinical studies. It was shown that after using this drug for the next 2.5 months. the optimal concentration of endogenous interferons remains, which increases the body’s resistance to viral infections of other etiology . Important results of studying the antiviral activity of enisamium iodide in the complex therapy of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections were obtained in the United States: the drug reduces the level of replication of influenza viruses, incl.including h2N1, reduces the period of virus isolation .
The inclusion of Nobazit (enisamia iodide) in ARVI therapy (including influenza) helped to reduce the severity and duration of the main symptoms of the disease: intoxication, fever, catarrhal symptoms, which helps to reduce the need for symptomatic drugs .
Influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections are still one of the pressing medical and socio-economic problems, the solution of which is possible only at the state level.
Vaccination against influenza of groups at high risk of infection has been included in the National Calendar of Preventive Vaccinations; work is underway to prepare for widespread use of a new generation of influenza vaccine capable of leveling the problem of the variability of the influenza virus; a quadrivalent vaccine has been created.
The development and introduction into clinical practice of new etiotropic drugs that can quickly cure a patient from influenza and prevent the development of complications, which are the main cause of mortality in the unvaccinated population, are constantly being developed and introduced into clinical practice.
Among antiviral drugs that have a specific effect on specific proteins and key structures of the virus, preference is given to drugs that additionally affect the cellular and humoral immune mechanisms of antiviral defense.
One of the means for the treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections is Nobazit ® – a broad-spectrum drug that has antiviral action against respiratory viruses (inhibits the process of viral penetration through the cell membrane), interferonogenic properties (increases the concentration of alpha and gamma-
interferons in blood plasma 3-4 times).
The inclusion of Nobazit ® in the complex therapy of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections contributes to the rapid elimination of the virus, a decrease in intoxication symptoms, a reduction in the duration of the course of the disease and an increase in the general resistance of the organism.
Amantadine and rimantadine for the prevention and treatment of influenza A in children and the elderly
As recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is currently used in people with influenza A.In previous pandemics, the virus was susceptible to amantadine and rimantadine. If they are safe and the circulating strains are found to be sensitive to these drugs, they could be an alternative to managing the flu. In this regard, we wanted to answer the question whether (or not) amantadine and rimantadine can prevent or cure influenza A in children and the elderly.
Influenza is a respiratory (respiratory) infection that causes cough, runny nose, and fever.Most symptoms go away without treatment within three to seven days. However, hospitalization, pneumonia and even death are rare complications of the disease, especially among children and the elderly. Pandemics are also cause for concern.
Key results and quality of evidence
We identified 12 trials (2494 participants: 1586 children and 908 seniors). We looked at trials that compared amantadine or rimantadine with no intervention, placebo, or drug control in children and the elderly.The most recent searches were completed in October 2014. We looked at several outcomes including influenza A, duration of fever, cough, headache, nausea / vomiting, dizziness, and agitation / insomnia.
Although amantadine was effective in preventing influenza A in children, it would need to be used in 17 children over a period of 14 to 18 weeks to prevent one case of influenza A. | <urn:uuid:dca5bca4-2486-4c3f-ac8b-c20015e521ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://elispot.biz/about-all/type-a-flu-duration-clinical-signs-and-symptoms-of-influenza.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.928996 | 20,901 | 3.515625 | 4 |
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If a profile picture changes colors to promote a cause halfway around the world, does it accomplish anything? Does anyone care? The answer is no. | <urn:uuid:dd75b814-39e6-4f7d-9f44-98b006fd096b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thetartan.org/2015/11/23/forum | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936053 | 198 | 2.21875 | 2 |
There are ten state national parks in Nebraska, five that protect natural and geographical features and five that commemorate historic trails and events.
Each of the parks in Nebraska is well-worth visiting. They tell the story of the struggles people went through in order to build the country of today. They also tell the story of the natural beauty of Nebraska, its unique ecosystems and animals and plants that thrive in them.
The trails are not trails in the traditional sense. They pass through a number of states and each segment of the trail has its own features and points of interest. Accommodation, food, entrance fees and working hours also depend on each particular segment and its owner. Before planning your trip, check the attached interactive maps for more details, or click on the official website link.
So, here are is the list with all the national parks in Nebraska:
1. Agate Fossil Beds National Monument
One of the coolest parks in Nebraska, Agate Fossil Beds National Monument was established in 1997 near Harrison, Nebraska, to protect 20 million-year-old fossils of a number of mammals that lived in the area during the Miocene era.
The park covers 11,617 acres and includes the valley of the Niobrara River and the Carnegie Hill and University Hill, where most fossils were discovered.
While visiting the fossils, stop by Captain James Cook’s museum that exhibits more than 500 artifacts from his collection of Plains Indian.
No camping or overnight stays are allowed within the Park. There is also no food offered. For both lodging and food, visitors should visit surrounding communities.
The visitors’ center has restrooms and sells sodas and bottled water. There are also a few covered picnic pavilions if you brought your own food and want to have a picnic.
Two hiking trails will take you to see the fossils: the 2.8-mile Fossil Hills Trail and the 1-mile Daemonelix Trail.
The park is open every day from May 15 until Sept 30 from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m (Mountain time zone) and from Oct 1 until May 14 from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
The entrance to the park is free.
2. Scotts Bluff National Monument
Scotts Bluff National Monument was established to protect 3,000 acres of rugged bluffs, historic remnants of the Mormon and Oregon Trails, mixed-grass prairie, the area around the North Platte River and rugged badlands.
The 800-foot tall Scotts bluff, the highest of the five rugged hills, played the role of a landmark for the immigrants traveling through the area in search of a better life.
Visitor Center and the Oregon Trail Museum are located at the base of the Scotts bluff.
There are about four miles of trails you can use to explore this fascinating area. You can bring your dog on the leash. Stay on the trail and watch for rattlesnakes. You also might spot mule deer, coyote and prairie dogs.
The grounds of the park, trails and picnic area are open every day from sunrise until sunset. Summit Road is open for traffic from 9 am until 4:00 pm.
Visitors’ Center is open from 8:30 AM – 4:30 PM.
The entrance to the park is free.
Recommended reading – Nearby National Parks:
3. Homestead National Monument of America
Homestead National Monument, located near Beatrice, Nebraska, was established to celebrate and commemorate the Homestead Act of 1862. This Act permitted qualified people to claim 160 acres of federally owned land. They had to live in that land for five years, to cultivate and improve it.
Thanks to this Act, 270 million acres of public land became owned by millions of immigrants, freed slaves, women and families. Most of the land was originally inhabited by Native Americans. The Act made ten percent of American land a homestead.
The main park building is the Homestead Heritage Center, which includes the National Homesteading Museum with more than 900,000 exhibits – textiles, farm tools, documents and more.
The Homestead Education Center teaches about homesteading using hands-on arts and crafts, real-life science, living history demonstrations, and original farm implements.
The entrance to the Heritage Center is free. During the main summer season, it is open from 8:30 am to 6 pm and on weekends from 9 am to 6 pm.
4. Missouri National Recreational River
This park, shared by Nebraska and South Dakota, was established in 1978 to protect a 100-mile stretch of the Missouri River, North America’s longest waterway.
The park was expanded in 1991 to include a 39-mile long section of the Missouri River from Fort Randall Dam to Niobrara. These two sections are the only parts of the river that are not dammed or channelized.
The park covers 33,800 acres. The area has been settled by humans for the past 10,000 years. Archaeologists believe that the river and the area around it were a pathway for the American Indians, boat captains, Lewis and Clark expedition, and many other settlers.
The park is a fantastic destination for boating, hiking, bird-watching, fishing, camping and much more.
Missouri National Recreational River is open every day and the entrance is free. The Visitor Contact Station is located in Yankton, South Dakota.
There are many smaller parks within the National Recreational River and each has its own facilities, accommodations and opening hours. You can find more information about each at the park’s website.
5. Niobrara National Scenic River
Niobrara National Scenic River includes 76 miles of Niobrara River. It was established in 1991 to protect the outstanding values of the river and the area around it. This value includes the water resource, wildlife, fish, scenery, and fossils in and near the river.
Niobrara is the national park in Nebraska most popular for the summer fun paddling along its banks.
Canoeing and kayaking in Niobrara are the most popular activity, but it is a lot of fun to go tubing down the river.
Hiking, biking, bird and wildlife watching are also very popular. The river passes through six major ecosystems including northern boreal forest, eastern deciduous forest, western coniferous forest, tallgrass prairie, Sandhills prairie and mixed-grass prairie.
Each system has a rich plant and animal population – keep your eye on the river banks while kayaking the river’s quiet waters.
There are also 230 waterfalls along the westernmost part of the Niobrara, including Smith Falls, the highest waterfall in the state.
There are several privately-owned campgrounds along the river.
Most of the river itself is open the whole day and every day, except the part that flows through Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge. That part of this national parkin Nebraska is open from sunrise to sunset.
No entrance fee is required.
6. California National Historic Trail
The 5,000-miles-long California National Historic Trail runs through 10 states. It includes over 1,000 miles of ruts and traces leftover from people and their wagons.
More than 250,000 emigrants traveled this route on the way to the California gold fields and fertile farmlands in the 1840s and 1850s during the largest American mass migration.
Along the trail, you can visit museums, churches, historic sites, and the parts of the original trail.
There is much to do. You can bike, hike, run, ride a horse, paddle a kayak or a canoe, watch birds, look for wildlife, climb, camp, take photos and more.
The California National Historic Trail is the national park in Nebraska that passes through different communities, cities, private and public lands and wild areas. Check each location for access and accessible hours.
Much of the trail can be explored by car. To find out what you can see and visit during the trip through Nebraska, check the NPS Travel Guide.
7. Lewis & Clark National Historic Trail
The 4,900mile-long Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail runs through 16 states, from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to the mouth of the Columbia River, close to the present-day Astoria, Oregon.
The trail follows and commemorates the historic routes, outbound and inbound, of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. It also includes the section from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Wood River, Illinois, where they prepared for the expedition.
The purpose of the 1803 to 1806 Lewis and Clark Expedition was to explore and map the newly acquired American territory and establish an American presence there. Also, the expedition was supposed to find a useful route across the western part of the continent.
In addition, the expedition was to study plants, animal life, and geography of the area, and to establish relationships and trade with local tribes.
To find out what the expedition did during their trip through today’s Nebraska, visit the Lewis and Clark Headquarters-Omaha Visitor Center.
There is no fee to enter or travel the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail. But, since the trail passes through parts privately owned or owned by various organizations, they might have an entrance fee. Check before planning any segment of your trip. The same goes for the operating hours.
Nearby National Parks:
8. Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail
Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail follows and commemorates the 1,300mile-long route traveled by Mormons who ran away from Nauvoo, Illinois in 1846-1847 to the Great Salt Lake Valley. The trail goes through five states including Nebraska.
Most of the trail can be explored from your car but you can also bike, hike, camp, ride a horse or visit museums and interpretive sites along the way.
Some segments of the trail are in private hands and you need permission to pass through. Some have an entrance fee and specific working hours. Check before planning your trip.
To find out about the historic sites or interpretive facilities on the Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail in Nebraska, check this interactive map. It will also show their working hours and fees.
9. Oregon National Historic Trail
Oregon National Historic Trail follows and commemorates the 2000-mile long route traveled by the early American settlers on the way to Oregon and the lush farmlands and better future.
The trail passes through six states and in each state there are remnants of the original route, commemorative sites, monuments and museums that tell the story of hope, dreams and hardships.
To find out about the places to visit along the trail while traveling through Nebraska, click a balloon on the trail interactive map. It will also tell you the working hours of each site and the fee if there is any.
10. Pony Express National Historic Trail
Pony Express National Historic Trail follows the 1,800-mile trip of the young men on horseback who rode a relay to carry the mail from Missouri to California. They managed to do it in only ten days, which was unprecedented until the telegraph made them obsolete.
Pony Express operated for only 18 months, between April 1860 and October 1861, but it became the symbol of conquering the Old Wild West. It was the steady thread linking East and West.
The best and most fun way to explore the trail is by joining the annual Re-Ride and ride a horse along the original Pony Express trail. You can do it for real, by becoming a member of the trail association.
You can also do it from the comfort of your armchair, electronically, by marking each checkpoint as you pass it, as a sort of video game. Check all the details here.
While traveling through Nebraska, visit the Rock Creek Station, a former “Pony Express” station located about 3-4 miles from the village of Endicott. The station is now preserved as Rock Creek Station State Historical Park.
Which National Parks in Nebraska Will You Visit?
Hopefully, you are now sufficiently intrigued to embark on the real exploration of Nebraska’s history, parks and breathtaking natural features. Most parks in state Nebraska cover large territories and include many interpretative sites, museums, smaller parks and other interesting features.
The best way to enjoy them is to plan well and use the maps. When visiting the historic trails, try to put yourself in the shoes of the ancestors and give your thanks to their dreams and hardships. | <urn:uuid:8e70586e-47f4-459c-aa10-1aec92c1b756> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.travelcroc.com/national-parks-nebraska/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.955996 | 2,609 | 2.546875 | 3 |
“The quality of materials used by anyone building on this foundation will soon be made apparent, whether it has been built with gold, silver, and costly stones, or wood, hay, and straw. Their work will soon become evident, for the Day will make it clear, because it will be revealed by blazing fire! And the fire will test and prove the workmanship of each builder. We are coworkers with God and you are God’s cultivated garden, the house He is building. God has given me unique gifts as a skilled master builder who lays a good foundation. Afterward another craftsman comes and builds on it. So builders beware! Let every builder do his work carefully, according to God’s standards. For no one is empowered to lay an alternative foundation other than the good foundation that exists, which is Jesus Christ!
If his work stands the test of fire, he will be rewarded. If his work is consumed by the fire, he will suffer great loss. Yet he himself will barely escape destruction, like one being rescued out of a burning house.”
1 Corinthians 3:9-15 TPT
Any builder worth his salt will tell you that cheap materials will end up costing the homeowner more in the long run. But inexpensive doesn’t necessarily mean cheap or inferior, it just means someone did their homework and got the high end materials for less. I like a good bargain, but I don’t like cheap. I buy things that will last. I’m not a fan of wasting God’s money. Amen! That’s a principle that works both spiritually and materially. When we become a part of a body or church organization, we need to know what that ministry is built upon. Because it has a cross on the roof or a steeple, it doesn’t mean the foundation is Jesus. We shop for the best bargains- we need to be just as intentional about where we worship.
Paul was reminding his readers if you read the entire chapter, that Jesus had already laid the foundation that He wants His church to be built upon. And that foundation cannot be conformed to an individual’s worldview. We get to continue building on it, and whether we use precious metals or wood hay and straw, which speaks to the quality of our life’s work, the Inspector’s fire will prove if our efforts have paid off. If our message is Jesus, then the materials will stand up to the test. If it’s another gospel whether knowingly or by ignorance, the fire will prove that work and the builder will barely escape and suffer loss.
We need to be certain that we’re building on the foundation that Jesus has already laid, Paul called himself a master builder, because he didn’t lay a foundation of his own but continued building on what Jesus and the apostles before him started. We need to be careful that we don’t fall into the trap of coming up with our own materials or blueprint. He said “no one is empowered to lay an alternative foundation, other than the good foundation that already exists, Jesus Christ.” Jesus is the Blueprint , the Foundation and the Builder. We are to continuously build on Him alone.
We are instructed to build according to God’s standards. This all inclusive, anything goes, new age gospel being peddled now, is wood, hay and straw. Those things are like gasoline to a fire. God wants us to use materials that stand up in the fire, materials that is purified in the fire. When we use the Word of God wisely, allowing the Holy Spirit to instruct us, we can be confident that we’re continuing His work. Pastors and leaders using faulty materials so as not to offend, Christians who are compromising their walk, will find their works exposed in the fire. Their souls won’t be lost, but they’ll barely escape the burning. I don’t want to make heaven by the skin of my teeth as the saying goes. I want to be a co-laborer with Christ, building His way, don’t you?
God has fully equipped us in Christ to complete every assignment. He will not expect a lay person to do the work of a Pastor, or an evangelist the work of a missionary, or a housewife the work of a construction worker. But He does expect us to do well at what He’s gifted us to do. Let’s look at a scripture that supports what I just said. This still has to do with building and using the ability or materials to build well and advance His Kingdom.
“Again, heaven’s kingdom realm is like the wealthy man who went on a long journey and summoned all his trusted servants and assigned his financial management over to them. Before he left on his journey, he entrusted a bag of five thousand gold coins to one of his servants, to another a bag of two thousand gold coins, and to the third a bag of one thousand gold coins, each according to his ability to manage. “The one entrusted with five thousand gold coins immediately went out and traded with the money, and he doubled his investment. In the same way, the one who was entrusted with two thousand gold coins traded with the sum and likewise doubled his investment. But the one who had been entrusted with one thousand gold coins dug a hole in the ground and buried his master’s money.”
Matthew 25:14-18 TPT
They were all given what the Master knew was in their ability to handle. God has already laid the foundation in His Son, we have been given His Holy Spirit to enable us to build based on the knowledge we have of His Word. God is not pleased with us if we produce inferior work when we’re able to do better, or be our best. If you continue reading in the same chapter you’ll find that He dealt harshly with the one who did nothing. He didn’t build at all, even though he had been given a start suited to his ability. Let’s read.
“Angered by what he heard, the master said to him, ‘You’re an untrustworthy and lazy servant! If you knew I was a shrewd and ruthless business man who always makes a profit, why didn’t you deposit my money in the bank? Then I would have received it all back with interest when I returned. But because you were unfaithful, I will take the one thousand gold coins and give them to the one who has ten thousand. For the one who has will be given more, until he overflows with abundance. And the one with hardly anything, even what little he has will be taken from him.’ “Then the master said to his other servants, ‘Now, throw that good-for-nothing servant far away from me into the outer darkness, where there will be great misery and anguish!’ ”
Matthew 25:26-30 TPT
So, my friends, the material with which you choose to use to build on Jesus’ foundation, should be carefully thought out. We have the ability to build with the best, the Spirit and the Word is readily available to us. Because we have been given a head start, we don’t even have to lay the foundation, we just need to follow the blueprint and build on that. Spreading the good news of the gospel, winning souls for Jesus, is akin to gaining interest on His investment in us. When we align ourselves with the True Gospel, Jesus Christ, We can produce that which stands up in any fire, and we won’t be ashamed.
Father in the Name of Jesus,
We thank you for making us co-laborers with Your Son Jesus. You who have started the work is faithful to complete it in us. Help us choose to be and give our best as we build upon the foundation that’s already been laid for us. In Jesus Name. Amen
Written by permission of the Holy Spirit | <urn:uuid:38e274c0-6ac9-4d23-a645-89387225a3bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.godlyparentpower.com/post/9-15-20-building-materials | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.97162 | 1,672 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Dee Sewell began writing about gardening, food security, the environment and how to grow your own vegetables back in 2009 as a way of sharing her own experiences at Greenside Up HQ, as well as those of clients and learners she works with.
Although the posts are geared towards vegetable gardening, many of them form the basis for all gardening. Seeds are seeds and should be stored the same way whether they are flower or vegetable. Good soil is the foundation of all gardening and garden pests aren’t necessarily fussy whether they’re eating our roses or our beans.
The following links are to key articles on the blog and many are inspired by frequently asked questions from learners. It is hoped they will help you to garden more confidently, no matter what you’re sowing or growing.
How to Start a Garden
The number one tip in gardening for beginners is to plan big but start small which will allow you to see how much time you have to maintain the garden. Here’s several more links that will help to get you started.
3 Ways to Look After Your Garden Soil
3 Essentials to Help You Grow Your Own Vegetables
Annual Vegetable Planner
Fun Experiment to Help Determine Your Soil Structure
Growing Vegetables in Containers
How to Create a Budget Vegetable Garden
Keep An Eye on Your Seeds with a Garden Diary
Looking After the Garden in a Drought
Organic Mulch, What’s It All About?
Weeding Without Chemicals – What Are Your Options?
16 Natural Alternatives to Weedkillers and why you should use them
What does it mean when your vegetables are bolting?
Seeds and Seedlings
Many of these links are the same for flowers and vegetables – storing, caring for and sowing seeds are all the same, no matter what you want to grow.
How to Choose Vegetable Seeds – What Should I Buy?
How long will seeds last? (Vegetables and Flowers)
How to Identify Seedlings
How to choose seeds – Pinterest
How to Grow Tomato and Peppers from Seed
How to look after your seeds – make a seed tin
Making a Seed Bed
Starting Seeds Indoors – How Do You Know When Its Time to Sow
Thinning Vegetables – Now’s the Time
In the Vegetable Garden
There’s lots of information on the internet about the specifics on how to grow herbs, fruit and vegetables but here’s a few of my own tips.
Best Fruit and Vegetables to Grow in the Shade
14 Vegetables to Grow in a Small Garden
Broad Beans – A Great Crop for Beginners
Growing Autumn Garlic
How to Grow Leeks
How to Grow Your Own Overwintering Onions
How to Grow Your Own Pumpkins and Save Their Seeds
How to Look After Strawberry Beds
Introducing the Stunning Rainbow Chard
Kale – A Hardy Veg and Not Just for Beginners
Lettuce – How Many Should I Plant
Potatoes – All You Need to Know To Help You Grow Your Own
Rhubarb – growing, caring for and eating
What do I do with my strawberry patch
Pests and Diseases in the Garden
If you want to garden organically, you’ll need to learn to tell the good guys and the bad apart. These links will help you.
Slugs – 15 Ways to Deal with them Organically
12 Beneficial Creatures We Want to See in our Gardens
12 Garden Pests in the Garden
8 Tips for Managing Potato Blight
Aphids and Greenfly
Beet Leaf Minor
Choosing Blight Resistant Potatoes
Companion planting – understanding vegetable families
Earthworms – 10 Facts
Green Dock Beetles
How to Plan Crop Rotation in the Vegetable Garden
How to Stop Cats Pooping in the Garden
How to Treat Powdery Mildew Without Chemicals
It’s Bath Time
Red Spider Mite
If you’re thinking of buying a greenhouse or polytunnel, or looking for advice on what you can grow inside one, take a look here.
Growing Undercover – Where to Begin with Polytunnels and Greenhouses
Growing vegetables under a cloche
Polytunnels and Organic Gardening During the Autumn and Winter Months
What to Sow in a Polytunnel in February
How to Build a Plastic Bottle Greenhouse
Other Useful Links
There are many more tips on the blog aimed to help beginners in the garden. These are just a few:
14 Tips for Watering Vegetables and Seedlings
7 Jobs for the Autumn Vegetable Garden
9 Winter Gardening Jobs we can do Inside
Growing Vegetables in Junk Containers
How to Create an Herb Garden
How to Make Nettle and Comfrey Fertilizer
How to Set Up a Rainwater Irrigation System
How to Use Coffee Grounds in the Garden
Month by Month Jobs in the Vegetable Garden | <urn:uuid:0038ae90-643b-44c0-b7a3-2b68acd27a83> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://greensideup.ie/gardening-for-beginners/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.854575 | 1,078 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Guilty of murder
THE fifth time was lucky for the Michigan prosecutors. On March 26th a jury found Jack Kevorkian guilty of second-degree murder in the death of Thomas Youk, a Michigan man suffering from the advanced stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Lou Gehrig's disease. On four previous occasions, Mr Kevorkian, who says he has helped more than 130 patients kill themselves, had been tried on charges of assisted suicide. In three of those cases he was found not guilty. A fourth case ended in a mistrial.
This case was different. To begin with, Dr Kevorkian administered the lethal drugs himself rather than getting his patient to activate a “suicide machine”, as he has in the past. The event was carefully orchestrated to move the public debate from doctor-assisted suicide to euthanasia. Dr Kevorkian videotaped his fatal bedside activities and offered the tape to the CBS news programme “60 Minutes”. Last November, millions of viewers watched as Dr Kevorkian sedated Youk, injected him with a muscle relaxant to stop his breathing and then stopped his heart with potassium chloride. “This could never be a crime in any society which deems itself enlightened,” Dr Kevorkian explained to his “60 Minutes” interviewer.
Prosecutors asked the jury to find Dr Kevorkian guilty of first-degree murder, a crime that carries a mandatory life sentence in Michigan. Dr Kevorkian, who has no formal legal training, acted as his own defence lawyer. (His former lawyer, Geoffrey Fieger, has found more lucrative work. After being trounced in a race for governor of Michigan in November, he is now pursuing a $50m lawsuit against the owners of the “Jenny Jones” show on behalf of the family of a man who was killed after revealing his sexual fantasy for another man on the show.)
By all accounts, Dr Kevorkian's courtroom performance was bumbling. His only two defence witnesses, both relatives of the victim, were disallowed because they planned to testify that Youk wanted to die; the consent of the victim cannot be used as a defence for murder in Michigan. Indeed, prosecutors made a calculated gamble by dropping the lesser charge of assisted suicide, which would have allowed testimony about the victim's pain and suffering. But legal experts doubt whether a better lawyer would have changed much. The facts of the case were never in dispute; Dr Kevorkian, on videotape, administered the fatal drugs.
Jurors balked at sending him to jail for life. Instead, they exercised their prerogative to find the doctor guilty of second-degree murder, which requires no evidence of premeditation and carries a minimum sentence of ten years in prison and a maximum of 25. Dr Kevorkian, whose medical licence was suspended long ago, was also convicted of delivering a controlled substance, which carries a maximum sentence of seven years in prison.
Americans are divided in their opinion of Dr Kevorkian's services. An ABC News poll found that 55% of Americans disagree with the Kevorkian verdict, compared with 39% who agree. A poll last year showed similar numbers on the more general question of doctor-assisted suicide. Democrats are slightly more likely to favour rather than oppose it; Republicans are split almost evenly on the issue.
Dr Kevorkian is free on bail until he is sentenced later this month. What he will do in the meantime is anyone's guess.
This article appeared in the United States section of the print edition under the headline "Guilty of murder"
From the April 3rd 1999 edition
Discover stories from this section and more in the list of contentsExplore the edition
It has already given Donald Trump a boost
The Inflation Reduction Act is weakened by big compromises, but is still a big deal
The inquiry seems to involve documents brought to Florida from the White House | <urn:uuid:07a0c7e6-7994-4798-aa9e-7aae4f80164a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.economist.com/united-states/1999/04/01/guilty-of-murder | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.974828 | 807 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Clothing is both what we are and what we want to be. Where we want to belong and where we actually do belong. Clothing is the interface between us and the world. And although we are tired of knowing that we should not judge a book by its cover, what are we to do when it is the cover that holds the pages of the story together? We went to investigate the role of Fashion in our identity and, in between, to try to understand how the future is dressed.
We can zero in on Fashion or be Carrie Bradshaw: as long as we live, it’s a part of us. Whether we use it as a second skin or sheep’s clothing is another story altogether — as fashion is both part of the same. “The choice of a certain style can be based on internal motivations (self-esteem, need to belong, emotional state, beliefs and life scripts) or on external factors (social or professional environment, popularity, publicity)”, explains Ana Correia. The specialist in clinical and health psychology sees fashion and clothing as tools that allow us to play with our image, both in terms of internal representation as well as externally. “From the psycho-social point of view, Fashion touches on notions such as identity, belonging, individuality and self-definition and this is built on the relationship and interaction with others. The person, by building their own style, is representing him or herself and creating an identity that reveals their similarities and differences to others and with the context in which they act.” In its “double function”, “clothing is a visible expression and a kind of wrapping of what we are in all our dimensions. We’re not what we wear but we use what we believe we are and what we’d like to be and show to others,” she explains. It is a process in motion: it’s inside and outside of us.
In a Time online article that looks at why we buy (so many) clothes, the author said that when we buy we visualise our future self and that’s why so many people love to shop — it’s a preparation exercise. “Buying stimulates our imagination. As we consider different items, we imagine how others will respond to them, how we will feel as we wear them,” it states. It’s kind of a threesome: us, the others and Fashion. It is also no novelty to us that our emotional state is reflected in our daily choices of outfit and, therefore, in the midst of these various meanings, clothes “undoubtedly have a structuring, functional, symbolic and communicational meaning”, sums up the psychologist. “Clothing is a form of expression and communication: who am I, what I like, what I do, where I belong, how I feel, how I want to be seen” — but is it possible to encapsulate our persona inside a wardrobe, without it getting moth-eaten? Fashion crystallizes identity, offering us the necessary tools to express who we are. They may not be the same ones we’ll use tomorrow, or at that stage of secondary school, but while we’re building our identity, let’s face it: let’s not do it naked. As Bill Cunningham summed it up in the documentary of the same name: “Fashion is the armor to survive the reality of everyday life. One can’t exist without the other. It would be like ignoring civilization.”
This relationship of ‘tell me what you wear and I’ll tell you who you are’ (and who you want to be) didn’t come about the first time a man killed an animal to make a fur coat. The concern at that time was more ‘I don’t want to die of cold’ than ‘I have style’, although some researchers claim that as soon as man understood that this gave him some kind of status within the group (the more skins he had, the stronger he seemed), clothing ceased to have just a protective function.“If we accept the perspective according to which we have a broader history of clothing, which would have accompanied man from the moment he began to cover his body, and, in parallel, a History of Fashion, the birth of which (for the Western world) we could define at the end of the 14th century, with the transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, we will find that the association between Fashion and identity has also been relevant since the beginning,” states Catarina Moura, director of the 1st Cycle in Fashion Design and Vice-President of the Faculty of Arts and Letters of Beira Interior University. She further states that in the specific case of Fashion, its history is built not only on its contribution to the definition of a collective identity (“although this element is clearly present during the first centuries — we only have to think of the example of the French Court and the way in which, in this context, fashion was consciously used as a means of affirming political power and influence”), but also for individual identity, a dimension that is reinforced to this day. “One of the characteristics of Fashion is precisely the way in which it stimulates in the individual the belief that, through it, that person will be able to find and affirm his/her own identity, using clothing as a means of expression of the style that his/her preferences dictate at each moment/stage of life. (…) Fashion allows difference, it is in itself this promise and possibility of developing a style felt as individual, unique, own, but at the same time it is still a phenomenon that operates by contagion, generating identification and ensuring belonging by copying another or the adoption of trends that standardise by definition.”
At the same time that we want to belong, we want to preserve our individuality — Fashion makes us part of a whole and, at the same time, sets us apart. At the same time that Fashion is a reflection of time and guides us to ‘function’ in a certain space and time, it is also a dream universe where each one can create their own fantasy/reality. Fashion, like the human being, is made up of contradictions, and has as a starting point the way in which it, as a cultural phenomenon, manages them as if they were apparently not contradictions, explains Catarina. “On the one hand, Fashion establishes the boundaries of a space-time logic, clearly assuming itself as a translation, for each time and place, of its zeitgeist, of the spirit of its time. The definition of a set of trends is based on something more profound, which translates not only a way of being, but also an idea of what is or isn’t acceptable. In this sense, Fashion contributes to showing what each era considers the norm and what is a transgression, moving between these two territories. In doing so, it both reinforces and dilutes the border that separates them, and this is another of the contradictions that it manages naturally, as a system that absorbs everything. In this sense, it generates comfort zones, clearly regulating, as well as defining ruptures, which are transgressors by definition. In both cases (as well as in all degrees of the broad spectrum that these poles represent), Fashion is not and has never been an exclusive reflection of reality and its contingencies — on the contrary, it continues to represent today, as always, the possibility of dreaming and fantasizing. This is true to the extent that much of what Fashion is relates to the set of ideals that, as cultures and communities, we build and pursue over time. This is also why Fashion is so easily associated with the production or reinforcement of stereotypes (such as those of beauty or of the body, for example), in the same way that we observe its association with the deconstruction of these, seeking to ethically and politically position itself.” In the history of female fashion, the “bloomers” of the mid-nineteenth century — a type of women’s clothing that sought to incorporate the use of loose trousers —, the shortening of the dress hem to knee height in the twentieth century, the mini-skirt, shorter hair, the use of a bra as an option and the vulgarisation of trousers in women’s clothing, among others, represent profoundly significant changes enumerated by Catarina — “also because, in parallel, we saw the woman leave the private sphere to which she had been confined for centuries, taking on a progressive role in the most varied of public spheres that we can’t dissociate from the contemporary definition of her identity.”
Some people turn on the television and tune in to the news to hear the state of the world. We can also look at fashion trends. Autumn/Winter 2019: “the wardrobe for this winter has been built not for the woman of the future, but for the woman of now,” reports the French edition of Vogue — and the fact that an unprecedented number of women are campaigning to get the Democratic Party nomination for the November 2020 presidential elections will not be a coincidence. Combat boots, tailoring, capes, sustainable materials, the 1980’s, just to name a few because it doesn’t matter either: the fashion shows of this season were less about a checklist of pieces to retain and more about a state of mind, which goes from celebration to protection in an apocalyptic scenario, as has done in at least the two most recent seasons. It is as if the notion of individualism were always present, as if Fashion were tired of its dictatorial character and in trying to please everyone it has offered an article for either one or it has touched on the themes we are all talking about on Instagram (hello, Greta Thunberg). And, btw, where’s the novelty? Do we look… lost? Or diversified and inclusive? I ask Cláudia Barros, a stylist, how she would represent the identity of now in a fashion editorial. “We live in an era of the absence of silence, with an excess of information and articles and quick access to everything,” she says. “Either I would go to the opposite of what I feel is happening, in order to transmit a political message — that is, something more minimal and clean, or I would represent this excess, a generation with an eagerness to produce, you know, to do and dream.” According to her, it is hard to point to the outcome of what we are doing today, but the Internet will be somewhere at the epicentre of this change. “It has brought proximity, it has democratised and it has broken down barriers. It helps you to open your mind — for example, if you see a punk on the street, you don’t relate that to something else, just Google it and search, and it stops being that ‘scary’ thing that it was a while ago. If you educate yourself, you normalize, which works to break down stereotypes, but at the same time tomorrow you use elements of this culture without identifying with the punk movement or knowing what it represented,” — is our new identity saying goodbye to urban tribes? “Maybe we are becoming less ‘unique’ or peculiar because there is no longer that need to identify ourselves as someone different to convey a message…”, says the stylist. “And when this will arises, because at the end of the day we all want to be special, it ceases to be organic and natural — so, will you really be any different?” she asks.
The democratisation brought by fast fashion has given us the possibility of wearing the sweater in a different way every day — or, at least, to try that, but is having the same as being? If we see traces of the punk culture, folded in four, on the shelves of a Zara, where was the fracturing message behind what we wear, besides liking what we see in the mirror? “Despite the “political flags” of, say, feminism, diversity, inclusivity and sustainability that Fashion raises today with frequency, we also realize the ease it seems to have in emptying what it appropriates, dissociating the aesthetic from an effective ethical and political content and condemning it to a superficiality that, basically, has always been pointed out as a stigma,” explains Catarina Moura. “We live in a culture that easily confuses surface with superficial, tending to confuse that which deals with the first — because, in it, it is also the appearance that is at stake — with the latter and, consequently, denying it a depth and seriousness that we cannot (nor should we) dissociate from anything so closely connected to the definition of our individual and collective identity. However, it is a fact that Fashion, as an industry, phenomenon and system on a global scale, operates more easily from the ideological vacuum, even if under the appearance of its constant social commitment to numerous causes.”
It is practically impossible to disassociate Fashion from appearance and consumption (even because it is also a business) and, however, it is this message that Constança Entrudo, designer, tries to convey. It will not be the common practice of creators to question their consumers about the need to buy their work… “I try to make the interest in an article of mine make them reflect on the true value of things and, consequently, on who they are as consumers and people. Design is not a matter of price but we can’t deny that our choices as consumers say a lot about us,” advocates the designer, who looks at her profession as ‘designing for a purpose’. From campaigns to communication on social media and fashion shows, not only through the articles but also through the casting of models, it clearly and coherently conveys her identity and purpose, one in which she intends that “people reflect and deconstruct the various prejudices that often prevent us from being freer people”. A line of thought that seems to follow the trends of now — but what do you feel about what you see and feel? “I would say that we are going through a phase of transition, a very fast transition or evolution (in my opinion, although many people do not consider it the same), which is generating a certain conflict of mentalities and generations. I feel that social media (in particular Instagram) make us almost feel obliged to have a voice, not just to be ‘one more’. Which is great because, whether or not we are well informed about them, we are all more aware of the problems of our world and more aware of issues such as sustainability, for example. However, I feel that people are all in a frantic search for their identity and for constant approval of it, and they use style and posts on social media as a means to achieve that end. When the logic should, in fact, be the opposite.” Psychology — along with our anxiety — explains: “We live in a time when the idea of the ‘perfect’ is still very much ingrained and we are constantly immersed by external influences (advertising, fashion blogs, influencers, trends) that strongly dictate image and lifestyle standards from which it is difficult to escape,” says Ana Correia. The outcome? A list of idealisations and comparisons that, from the Instagram feed to our guts, only serve to keep us away from our essence: “We are not isolated beings and we will always be immersed by influential contexts, in a more or less direct way. The ‘trick’ is to find this dynamic balance between ‘feeling good about me’ and ‘feeling part of a whole’. We all need to feel unique but, at the same time, integrated into the world and clothing serves these needs and functions.”
It is difficult to try to map our current identity and what Fashion is today, in the light of the present, without being in a questioning form, as if we were back when we were old enough to ask our parents why: “Like everything that is human, Fashion is also a reflection of who we are and what we do in each moment of our history,” says Catarina. But of all the concepts that appear glued to what we see in the now, there is one that seems to be messing with the physical structures of thought and construction of society — we risk betting our identifying chips on genderless Fashion: “It is no longer just a matter of understanding to what extent Fashion can contribute to the dilution of barriers between the apparently rigid territories of masculinity and femininity, allowing men and women to pass between them naturally and opening space for new constructions of masculinity and femininity (because they are, effectively, historical and cultural constructions that we speak of when we refer to those concepts and not of ‘natural’, biological associations to man and to woman). It is now a question of also (or above all) understanding to what extent Fashion can contribute to deconstructing the concept of gender, namely the binary logic according to which it has been contracted,” explains Catarina. We’re not just talking about a unisex T-shirt — not least because that seems to be cheating — but about a truly neutral construction, sewn along the lines of discomfort generated by the destitution of a binary culture and thoughts. A complicated task, even for Fashion. It is, therefore, interesting to observe this evolution — because, in the end, it can also translate the evolution of our way of being,” says Catarina. “Taking on ‘without gender’ as a new banner is not insignificant when considering fashion’s presence and its impact on a global scale — and, consequently, the role that, in fact, it can also represent on this level in the context of a much needed change of mentalities towards a culture more capable of ensuring the dignity of the other, whoever that other may be.” Respect, empathy and acceptance? Now there’s a jacket I wouldn’t mind wearing. With one advantage: it suits us all.
Zeen is a next generation WordPress theme. It’s powerful, beautifully designed and comes with everything you need to engage your visitors and increase conversions. | <urn:uuid:ff7845cb-f71f-4fb3-9a24-4b861d9f589c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://portuguesesoul.com/2020/02/27/the-wardrobe-age/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.968029 | 3,827 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Bill de Blasio, popularly known as Bill or Billy has extensive experience in American politics. He has been serving the people of New York City as the 109th Mayor since 2014.
Hence, Bill De Blasio net worth is expected to be approximately $3 Million in 2021.
Apart from being a politician, this democratic member also has another decorative identity as a civil servant. He had worked as a public advocate in New York City for almost three years.
Let’s know about him in detail.
Early Life, Family, and Education
On May 8, 1961, Maria Angela and Warren Wilhelm gave birth to their third child Warren Wilhelm Jr. in Manhattan, New York City.
However, later junior Warren changed his name to Bill de Blasio in honor of his maternal family and to alienate his connection with his father.
Bill was brought up by his mother and her family after his parents got separated at the age of seven.
Bill’s family has a history of serving the Us Government. During World War II, his mother worked in the War Information department, while his father fought in the Pacific War with the U.S. Army and later served the federal government also as a budget analyst.
After high school, Bill did his bachelor’s in metropolitan studies from New York University in 1979.
He has also done his Master in International Affairs from Columbia University.
Career, Award, and Recognition
After finishing his higher education, Bill joined the Urban fellow program at the Juvenile Justice Department in New York City in 1984.
Later, Bill became a political organizer at Quixote Center in Maryland. In 1988, during the Nicaraguan Revolution, he went to Nicaragua to help them with food and medicine.
Joining David Dinkins’ mayoral campaign in 1989 as a volunteer coordinator was his first involvement with politics. Afterward, he also became an assistant at the City Hall.
Bill de Blasio served as the campaign manager for both Charles Rangel in 1994 and Hillary Clinton’s US Senate bid in 2000.
In between that time, he also worked as the regional director for the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.
In 2001, he started approaching his political goal more directly by applying for the New York City Council.
In 2008, he was appointed as a public advocate of New York City. And five years later in 2013, he declared his candidacy for mayor.
Currently, Bill de Blasio is serving New York City as mayor for the second time since 2014.
Asset, House, and Car
Bill owns two homes, one is worth $1.76 million and the other is worth $1.88 million. And every year, he pays around $9,000 in taxes for these two Park Slove homes.
However, he and his wife decided to rent out these properties. At present, the couple is earning more than $1825 per month.
Income Detail and Net Worth
Bill de Blasio stands among the successful politicians in the United States.
Like other celebrities, Bill also has different sources of income, however, his primary source of income is politics. He has been able to accumulate a fortune of $3 Million.
Starting from working in multiple non-government organizations, he had also successfully run political campaigns for political leaders such as Charles Rangel and Hillary Clinton.
According to our research, he got a salary of $254,392 in 2018, as a mayor. This was higher than the amount he got, $220,188 in 20147.
He also earns a good amount of money every year from renting his two Park Slope homes. As the data says, he and his wife earned around $108,450 from rentals in 2018.
He is no different from other politicians when it comes to investing in the real estate business. It is also his other source of income.
Social media popularity 50 words
In today’s world, social media is a great help in a profession like politics.
Political leaders like Bill de Blasio use it to communicate with the people and acknowledge their opinion on different social matters.
He has 1.5 million followers on Twitter and 71k followers on Facebook, however, only 16.5k followers on his Instagram account.
At A glance
|Full Name||Bill de Blasio|
|Net Worth by 2021 December||$3 Million|
|Salary||$260,000 per year|
|Date of Birth||8 May 1961|
|Birth Place||Manhattan, New York, United States|
|Children||Chiara de Blasio, Dante de Blasio|
Bill de Blasio is a man with a passion for helping the less fortunate people, which drives him into politics.
His hard work and dedication resulted in him being elected as the mayor of New York City for the second time.
For the year 2022, Bill de Blasio net worth is estimated to be worth $3 Million. | <urn:uuid:afd61a5e-820b-49bc-b85b-1d0ebab4b009> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pikroll.com/politicians/bill-de-blasio-net-worth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.977212 | 1,103 | 1.726563 | 2 |
The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) will work closely with South East European (SEE) regional stakeholders to customize further actions that will improve renewable energy sector in the region. Developing the customized SEE renewable energy Action Plan was announced at the workshop in the Bucharest, co-organized with the Romanian Ministry of Energy.
“Romania has almost 5 GW of renewable energy capacity and we have already achieved our 2020 renewable energy target goal. This will help us to develop new frameworks for renewables up to 2030, as expected by new EU Directive on Renewable Energy”, said Corina Popescu, the Romanian Secretary of State.
“SEE countries have a great renewable energy potential and IRENA looks forward to collaborating with the region to meet its 2020 renewable energy targets while improving energy security, creating jobs, boosting GDP and improving public health”, said IRENA’s Director-General Adnan Z. Amin.
IRENA’s regional gap analysis study initial findings were presented at the workshop. The study identifies and analyses the obstacles to renewable energy deployment in the region and the workshop discussed renewable energy target setting, support schemes and the socio-economic benefits of renewable energy deployment in the SEE region.
The workshop will help IRENA to finalize analysis and to constitute a basis for further actions that will be delivered in coordination with SEE governments and stakeholders. The goal is to develop the Action Plan customized for the SEE region.
IRENA promotes all types of renewable energy. Organization today has 149 Members (148 States and the European Union), with 27 countries more in the accession process. | <urn:uuid:7b99bb72-f61d-47db-8df5-d383dc32119d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://balkangreenenergynews.com/irena-tailors-renewable-energy-action-plan-for-the-see-region/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.926425 | 328 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Crown Cork & Seal in 1989
Strategic issues and options accessible to Avery In adjustment to advance a approaching cardinal accommodation plan we accept adjourned Crown’s business with a SWOT analysis, befitting in apperception all issues Avery has to consider. That implies an appraisal of the altered strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Crown Cork’s business.
The assay is as follows: • Strengths: Crown’s acknowledgment on disinterestedness and absolute acknowledgment to shareholders was ranked abundant college than its competitors’, creating aerial amount to its customers; Crown has a amazing abilities in die basic and metal fabrication, and they can move to acclimate to the customer’s needs faster than anyone abroad in the industry; Crown’s assay teams additionally formed carefully with barter on specific chump requests. Weaknesses: Advance slowing in metal containers; the achievability of diversifying above the accomplish of containers was not at hand, because while Crown’s competitors had aggressively broadcast in a array of directions, Crown had been cautious. • Opportunities: aggrandize its artefact band above the accomplish of metal cans and closures, back industry assemblage anticipation plastics as the advance articulation for containers in the 90s; Avery additionally advised the growing befalling in canteen containers; the behest for all or allotment of Continental Can would about bifold its admeasurement and accomplish them alike added international. Threats: Avery knew that best mergers in this industry had not formed out well; the claiming of demography two companies that appear from absolutely altered cultures and bringing them together; Potential bidders for all, or allotment of Continental’s operations, included abounding of Crown’s U. S. rivals in accession to European competition; the continuing blackmail of centralized accomplish of metal cans. Regarding to the cardinal options which are accessible to Avery, we accept anticipation about three options as the best assisting and acceptable ones.
The aboriginal one would be to aggrandize its artefact band above the accomplish of metal cans and closures, aiming its business to the artificial alembic articulation which captivated abundant promise. The additional advantage would be to absorb with Continental Can. It would accommodate them such admeasurement in metal can industry that they would be the accomplished can metal accomplishment aggregation in the globe. The aftermost advantage would be to abide on the metal can industry after amalgamation with Continental Can. This advantage would be the beneath assisting one, but on the alternative duke it would be the beneath chancy one.
They would be able to try to advance alike added its accomplishment action and demography advantage of its competitors’ diversification. The advance in metal can articulation is declared to be stuck, but maybe they would acceleration its bazaar allotment extensive college revenues to Crown’s shareholders. Metal alembic industry After the John Connelly’s about-face and cardinal changes, Crown competes in the metal containers industry, added accurately in the cooler cans bazaar and the aerosol market.
To attempt in this market, back the seventies, Crown has developed a about-face from animate to aluminum cans and accomplishment them with the two-pieces model. The metal alembic industry has afflicted appreciably over the aftermost years. Back 1981 to 1989 the bazaar has developed from 88,810 to 120,795 actor of cans. This agency that this industry has accomplished a developed of 36% over the accomplished 8 years period, apery 61% of all packaged articles in the United States in 1989.
For a bigger compassionate of the metal alembic industry, we are activity to present the Porter's bristles armament analysis: - Blackmail of new competition. We advised this force low due to the industry’s aerial barriers to entry. Some of these barriers are: a) Aerial antecedent basic investment: Anniversary two- allotment can band additional its borderline accessories bare amount about $20-$25 million. b) Strong animosity amid competitors: bristles accustomed and accomplished firms bedeviled the industry with an accumulated 61% bazaar share. ) Low operating margins due to advancing discounts of competitors. Thread of acting products: a) Plastics: plastic’s bazaar allotment has developed from 9% in 1980 to 18% in 1989. Plastic’s ablaze weight and acceptable administration contributed to boundless customer acceptance. b) Glass: In the beer class consumers had assertive alternative with canteen bottle that would assignment to its advantage in the advancing years. Bargaining ability of buyers: There were ample buyers such as Coca-Cola Company, Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc. , PepsiCo Inc. , and Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc.
These buyers usually maintained relationships with added than one can supplier and they could abuse poor account and uncompetitive prices by cuts in adjustment sizes. In addition, abounding ample brewers confused to authority can costs bottomward by developing their own accomplishment capability. Bargaining ability of suppliers: The country’s three better aluminum suppliers were Alcoa, Alcan and Reynolds Metals. Aluminum prices added by 15% while animate prices added by 5% to 7%. - - - 1 - Intensity of aggressive rivalry: In 1989, bristles firms bedeviled the metal can industry, with an accumulated 61% bazaar share.
American Civic Can captivated 25% bazaar share, followed by Continental Can (18%), Reynolds Metals (7%), Crown Cork & Seal (7%), and Ball Corporation (4%). Pricing was actual aggressive amid them. Best companies offered aggregate discounts to animate ample orders. John Connelly’s advance to success Connelly’s accession to the admiral of Crown brought about important changes in the way the aggregation operated, the accomplishments he took were absolutely benign for the company, demography it from defalcation to a bearings of anniversary profits with anniversary revenues advance about 12%.
To accomplish the success, the aggregation did not administer circuitous strategies, nor invested in neither advocate articles nor avant-garde diversification; in his own words the plan was to administer “just accepted sense”. The aggregation confused from a paternalistic administration to a anatomic organization, Connelly additionally alone the bounded band and agents concept, he were able to abate with this accomplishments Crown’s amount by 24% in beneath than two years. Another key to success was that they were focused on acceptable the absolute artefact line.
Connelly was not absorbed in researching new abstracts or packaging, because of that he bankrupt the Central Assay Facility, and formed carefully with ample breweries in the development of two-pieces cans. Alike admitting it was not a aggregation based on innovation, Crown formed carefully with their barter to accommodate them abstruse abetment and to amuse their requests. To auspiciously backpack out its action of authoritative costs and convalescent quality, Crown additionally bare to focus its advance behavior in developing countries, demography advantage of new business opportunities to aggrandize its bazaar share.
Connelly emphasized civic administration wherever accessible to advance the internationalization process. New challenges in the industry The best cogent changes that are demography abode in the industry are the added generally application of artificial containers and canteen bottles, and the about-face and consecutive consolidations due to low accumulation margins, balance accommodation and ascent actual and activity costs aural the metal can industry. Some competitors accept invested in being such as insurance, activity exploration, canteen containers or high-technology market.
In our opinion, Bill Avery should acknowledge with a absolute bazaar analysis, assessing anniversary of Crown’s options to accumulate its bazaar allotment and again allotment the best assisting in agreement of revenues and duration. Only already they accept done this analysis, they are able to accomplish the actual decision, which can be to abide in the metal can industry, the about-face to alternative segments of the market, or to absorb with Continental Can. That implies the charge to anticipate acutely in anniversary advantage afore accomplish the accommodation of either change Connelly action or abide in the aforementioned bazaar articulation with the aforementioned strategy. 2
Order a unique copy of this paper | <urn:uuid:7aa4f326-362f-4e0d-8e59-5a31877901e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://coursehelponline.com/crown-cork-seal-in-1989/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.94995 | 1,684 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Today’s modern IT business software allows complete tracking of the business process. With the help of ERP, all business processes are integrated, so there is no need for multiple software. Key information is available at the right moments and saves time and resources. The ERP has preserved essential data necessary for the successful operation of your company, so it’s very important to know how to secure your ERP data.
Could you imagine what would have happened if these data got into the wrong hands or if you lost them forever? The consequences would certainly be very harmful to your business. That’s why it is necessary to take care of the security of all your data.
Here are few tips on how to secure your ERP data.
Secure your PC’s and software
The first and most important step for security, not only for your ERP data but the entire system, is the installation of security software. Antivirus and antimalware software will help you to secure ERP data. It will prevent viruses and malware that can significantly damage your computer and compromise the security of your data.
It is also important that you use strong passwords. Do you know that “123456” and “password” have been some of the most used passwords for years? Do you and your employees use similar, simple, easy-to-use passwords, just to make them easier to remember? Do you use the same password for multiple user accounts? If your answer is yes to the any of last two questions, you risk the security of your data.
The passwords you use to log on to your computer, business software, and all other user accounts should consist of at least 12 characters. This includes a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers and special characters. But do not worry. You do not have to remember them all or record them on post-it papers. There are free password management applications where you can have all the passwords in one place. You need to remember only one PIN that will unlock the application.
Use the Cloud
Many ERP vendors offer the ability to use their business programs in the cloud. Since cloud providers have more sophisticated security systems, your business data will be safer than on your computer. When storing your data in the cloud, three copies are stored on different servers. So, in the event of a malfunction or failure of a single server, you can still access your data. Since each server is located in a different location, your data is also safe from damage that may be caused by natural disasters. In addition, all data stored in the cloud is encrypted and can not be accessed without the corresponding decryption key. You can also encrypt the data yourself, before storing it in the cloud, and thus further secure your ERP data.
Educate your employees
Employees are the biggest threat to security for your system. Therefore, one of the most important ways in which you can secure ERP data is employee education. Your employees should be able to recognize the threats to your security system and know how to prevent them. For example, one of the most important things is identifying dangerous e-mail messages. This includes the so-called phishing e-mail. These messages appear to be sent by companies whose services you use, asking you to log in to your account and update your information. Their goal is to get your login information in order to be able to log in to your user accounts. Your data can then be used for identity theft or logging in to other services (if you use one password for multiple accounts). Also, such a website may require you to download certain software. You should never do this because you could install malware on your computer. Unfortunately, such messages often fail to be filtered by antivirus software. Therefore, the education and caution of your employees are the keys.
Limit access to data
However, even if the ERP is a business software that covers the entire business of your company, this does not mean that all employees need to have access to all data. Thus, for example, sales should not have access to your company’s financial information if it is not necessary for their business role. Therefore, restrict access to sensitive data. The fewer employees have access to your business data, the lower is the chance that the security of these data will be compromised.
Do not forget about updates and backups
Regular updates are very important not only because they provide new functionality in the applications, but also because of the security. In addition to the ERP itself, it is important to update both the antivirus software and the operating system you are using. They are also regularly upgraded so that these upgrades need to be installed as soon as they become available. Even if you implement all of these security solutions, there is a possibility that something will go wrong and that your data be compromised. It is therefore important to additionally secure ERP data and keeps a backup copy of all your data so you can access them in case this happens.
How can ITAF help you?
ITAF can provide help with all necessary steps in this process of securing your data. Installing and regularly updating a quality antivirus program, educating employees and limiting access to data, regularly backup your data, and help you migrate your ERP in the cloud. ITAF‘s experienced and dedicated engineers will help you not only with setting up the protection of your data but also with monitoring and disaster recovering so that you can dedicate more time to improve your business.
Contact ITAF for a free quote. | <urn:uuid:7f6709a3-1433-46ea-81fa-494fafb59d57> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.itaf.eu/en/how-to-secure-your-enterprise-resource-planning-erp-data/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.944969 | 1,133 | 1.976563 | 2 |
Adam Mann is a science journalist specializing in space and physics who lives in Oakland, California. His work has appeared in the New York Times, New Yorker, National Geographic, Wired, and elsewhere.
Jeff Bezos: How the clumsy approach of a billionaire could’ve gone differently
A miniscule tweak could have changed everything.
Milky Way's comets baffle scientists with a "so unlikely" discovery
For the first time, astronomers identified iron and nickel vapor in the atmospheres of comets in our Solar System and beyond, a result that baffles researchers.
NASA simulation reveals the "best defense" against an asteroid impact
At an annual conference, more than 300 scientists ran a simulated asteroid strike on Earth. What they found suggests we may not be prepared for the reality. | <urn:uuid:69eb82c1-1286-4eff-9e00-e01ec1cd2e49> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.inverse.com/profile/adam-mann-76377405 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.904658 | 161 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Support The Amistad Center
for Art & Culture
There are many ways to get in touch or get involved here at the Amistad Center for Art and Culture.
The Amistad Center for Art & Culture is seeking philanthropic gifts to support our mission to celebrate the art and culture influenced by people of African descent, through education, scholarship and social experiences.
We are now in the midst of major societal changes in our nation and achieving racial equity will be one of the most important issues that we all will tackle in the coming decade. The Amistad Center for Art & Culture is poised to play a major role in this change.
Your contribution will support these important initiatives:
Increased community art education and cultural programming (both in person and virtual) with a focus on children, teens, and young adults.
Digitalization of all 7,000+ pieces of our collection of African American art, books, memorabilia, and artifacts along with research material in The John H. Motley Study.
Continuing to provide education around issues of social justice and equity.
Thank you in advance for supporting the work of The Amistad Center!
More Ways to Get Involved With The Amistad Center | <urn:uuid:c6abdb4d-90d8-4395-a9a3-62b17ed1aa5a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.amistadcenter.org/donate | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.915197 | 254 | 1.601563 | 2 |
How to Choose the Right Book Binding for Your Project
October 29, 2020
When printing books and magazines, catalogs, zines, white papers, or any other document with multiple pages, you’ll inevitably have to decide how you will bind or book your project. For some things, all you need is a stapler or paperclip. Other projects call for something nicer.
Knowing about the different types of document binding will help you avoid making a hasty last-minute decision. Choosing the right binding will make your document more functional and aesthetic. Read on to learn more about the different types of binding. You’ll probably recognize at least a few of them.
Perfect binding is used for paperback and softcover books. The process involves using a strong, hot-melt adhesive to glue sections of pages together, which are then glued to the spine of the book. The finished product is nice looking and long-lasting. Perfect binding is versatile—it can be used on everything from large catalogs to small paperback books of up to 250 pages.
Comb binding uses a plastic spine with rings called a comb, which is inserted into holes punched through the book. Comb bound books can be opened to lay flat, but the pages can’t be flipped 360 degrees (so that the previous pages are behind the page being read). A major advantage of comb binding is that pages can be added and removed from the document easily. That’s why this type of binding is often used for reports, presentations, cookbooks, sales and inventory sheets, manuals, and albums.
With Velo binding, several small holes are punched along the edge of a book. A strip containing rigid tines is inserted into the holes through the front of the book. Next, a strip with corresponding holes is placed on the back of the book. With the strips in place and the tines protruding through the holes, the book is placed into a special machine that cuts and melts the tines to seal the bind. Velo binding forms a strong, long-lasting bind and is good for books of up to 200 pages.
Tape binding involves gluing strips coated in thermoplastic glue to the spine and cover of a book. It’s basically perfect binding with a piece of heavy-duty tape on the spine. Tape binding creates a strong, long-lasting bind, and the tape strips come in a variety of colors and materials, including linen and vinyl. Tape binding can be used on books up to 200 pages.
Wire binding uses C-shaped wire loops, which are inserted through holes in the book or document, and then crimped closed until they form a complete circle. Wire binding is very versatile—it can accommodate paper of varying thickness, including heavy cardstock, and allows a book to lay open flat. It has a more sophisticated appearance than spiral binding and is well-suited for training books, reports, manuals, and how-to guides of up to 250 pages.
With saddle stitching, large sheets of paper are folded down the middle and then stapled together in the center. Many magazines are bound using saddle stitching. It’s a cost-effective binding method, but it’s not meant to last a long time or withstand heavy use. Saddle stitching is best for documents of 10 to 80 pages that don’t need to have a long shelf life, like magazines, catalogs, and zines.
Case binding is the classic style you see on hardcover books. Sections of pages are sewn together and glued to the spine of the book. Case binding is best for high-end projects and books of 400-800 pages meant to last many years or be passed down through the generations. A special binding process is used for library books, which must be able to withstand heavy use.
Get Help with Document Binding
Need help choosing a binding type? The experts at Bestype are at your service. Give us a call at (212) 966-6886 and we’ll help you determine what’s right for your project. We also offer high-quality printing services at affordable prices.
Image Credit: Pexels @ Creative Commons | <urn:uuid:fa84a29a-57fb-4983-bb0e-3800a23e1e08> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bestypeimaging.com/how-to-choose-the-right-book-binding/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.931547 | 885 | 2.078125 | 2 |
There are two species of congea,the velotina and the tomentosa.
The Tomentosa is more vegorous and has larger leaves and flowers.
The bracts around the groups of flowers are white or silverly white.
When in full flower it is very striking and is specially so if
allowed to grow in a tree.
This specie also can be kept to a bush form by pruning,but the stems
must be allowed
to produce flowers between each pruning.
Propagation is easely from woody cuttings and young plants need
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Do you grind your teeth?
People who grind or clench their teeth at night often wake up with a headache, sore facial muscles, the jaw joints feel tender and the teeth can also ache.
Grinding is a common occurrence for many people and can develop at any age. At Dairy Lane Dental we can help you with this problem. We can fabricate an appliance, (“night guard”) that will provide protection to the teeth, prevent wear and help the movement of the jaw to allow the muscles to relax.
Whether you are playing baseball, hockey, soccer or skateboarding, a sports mouthguard is a good idea. It protects the teeth and gums from damage and injury. Remember, it is easier to wear a mouthguard than to fix or replace a lost or broken tooth. Ask a team member for more info today. | <urn:uuid:03e104d0-a542-4211-be3c-01feefc4a484> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dairylanedental.com/night-and-sports-guards/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.947001 | 175 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority (BGPA) manages Kings Park and Botanic Garden and Bold Park, two of Perth's most accessible and significant natural areas, cherished by residents and visitors alike.
BGPA is part of the Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, which was formed on 1 July 2017. The Minister responsible for the Authority the Hon Reece R Whitby MLA Minister for Environment; Climate Action.
BGPA is led by Chief Executive Officer Mark Webb, who is also the Director General for the department, and Executive Director Alan Barrett. The Board of Management has been the governing body of the Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority since the Authority was established.
Nearly 150 staff are employed by the Authority, including permanent, part-time, casual and contract staff.
Kings Park and Botanic Garden and Bold Park are managed under the Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority Act 1998 and Regulations 1999. These can be downloaded from the Parliamentary Counsel's Office website.
Kings Park and Botanic Garden is Western Australia’s premier tourist destination. It showcases the Western Australian Botanic Garden, many important memorials, landscaped recreational parklands, playgrounds and cafes and a significant area of remnant bushland.
Bold Park is an A-class reserve of coastal bushland set aside for its outstanding conservation, landscape and recreation values. Covering 437 hectares, it is one of the largest bushland remnants in the metropolitan area of the Swan Coastal Plain. | <urn:uuid:59c97e99-f023-4d05-9a07-b927fbc66aef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dbca.wa.gov.au/botanic-gardens-and-parks-authority | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.938888 | 298 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Parliamentary Committees and Public Enquiries
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Strictly fair play? The Lords report on the BBC
The convoluted and overly complicated complaints process at the BBC must be improved, say the Lords Communications Committee in a report published on Wednesday 29 June 2011. The Committee has conducted an inquiry into the governance and regulation of the BBC, and have identified a number of areas of governance that the BBC needs to upgrade.
Concerns over the mechanisms for complaining are raised by the Committee, which learned of the many different processes for varying types of complaint, making it very difficult for viewers, listeners and users of BBC content to know where to go to complain. This must be resolved. The BBC needs to provide a clear overview of how the complaints process works and publish this in one place on its website and there needs to be a clearing house to direct people through the complaints process.
The confusion is in part because the BBC Trust and Ofcom have ‘overlapping jurisdiction’ in several areas of content regulation, with the exception of issues of impartiality and accuracy and commercial references, which the BBC Trust regulates. In particular, because the BBC should not remain judge and jury in its own case, the Committee wants the BBC and Ofcom to consider granting Ofcom the right to regulate the BBC on matters of impartiality and accuracy.
In addition, the Committee say that:
- Creativity must not be allowed to be stifled by overly bureaucratic ‘compliance culture’.
- Best practice for programme making needs to be established to ease concerns that it isn’t always clear to viewers what is reality, reconstructed and constructed footage.
- Greater clarity is needed on the governance role of the Non-Executives on the on the BBC Executive Board, and the Non-Executive Directors at the BBC to be recruited from a wider range of backgrounds than they are presently.
- The Government, the BBC and the National Audit Office (NAO) should work together to agree on terms of access for the NAO to the BBC, ensuring that the NAO does not comment on any matters of broadcast content or journalistic integrity which should be entirely off limits.
Commenting on the report, Chairman of the Communications Committee, Lord Inglewood said:
“Ultimately the BBC needs to be accountable to those who use and pay for it, at the same time as having the independence of its journalism, broadcasting and creativity protected from outside political interference. There are a number of ways that its systems and processes need to be improved, some of which can be done relatively quickly. The new Chairman of the BBC, Lord Patten of Barnes, is set to review issues of BBC governance this summer and we urge him to consider our recommendations as part of his review.
In the longer term, the broadcasting world which is in a state of flux as convergence is starting to become a reality has an important few years ahead, with the new Communications Act in 2015, the next Charter review in 2016, and the licence renewals of Channel 3 and Channel 5 in 2014. We urge the Government to consider our recommendations as part of its policy development, so they can be a useful contribution to the industry as a whole in this period of regulatory change.” | <urn:uuid:7f90935a-2724-4441-8e06-d111379d63a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wired-gov.net/wg/wg-news-1.nsf/article/Strictly+fair+play+The+Lords+report+on+the+BBC+04072011124000?open | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.95808 | 678 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Brexit and Pharmacovigilance
There have been several events occurring in the EU/Europe that will play on pharmacovigilance. One that we’ll address here is the vote by the United Kingdom (UK) to leave the European Union (EU).
In late June 2016, the UK voted to leave the EU. A new government has been installed with the Prime Minister and government accepting and implementing the vote to leave. It is likely the process will take at least two years and possibly longer. It is unclear how the divorce will play out. Clearly, the UK is part of Europe and will set up new or altered trade, banking, immigration, pharmaceutical and many other processes with the remaining 27 member states of the EU as well as with individual countries – particularly the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and India. No one knows how this will all play out.
What the EMA and MHRA are Saying About Brexit and Pharmaceuticals
The EMA has released a statement and the issue was also discussed at the recent June DIA annual meeting. See the various reports including:
- Brexit Conundrum: How Does MHRA Work With EMA Moving Forward
- EMA on Brexit: New Headquarters Locale Will be Decided by Member States
The EMA itself issued a statement indicating:
“…it is now up to the UK government to decide how to act upon the outcome of the referendum.
EMA would like to underline that its procedures and work streams are not affected by the outcome of the referendum. The Agency will continue its operations as usual, in accordance with the timelines set by its rules and regulations.
No Member State has ever decided to leave the EU, so there is no precedent for this situation. The implications for the seat and operations of EMA depend on the future relationship between the UK and the EU. This is unknown at present and therefore we will not engage in any speculations.”
Some Things Do Seem Likely, In My View:
- The European Medicines Agency will leave London. They have been there since creation in 1995 and have a strong presence with nearly 900 employees, many non-British. Several member states have already expressed interest in having the EMA relocate to their shores: Spain, Sweden, Italy, Denmark and Germany. There will be a complex political negotiation/battle over this and it is hard to predict where it will land. One thing that everyone will wish for is a relocation to a city with a good airport and lots of connections. Delegates to the various committees and functions at the EMA must come in monthly (often staying several days or a week or more) for meetings and easy access will be sorely wished for by such commuters and, of course, those of us who have to go there to attend meetings and conferences.
- The British personnel working in the agency will likely have to leave as they will not be able to stay unless a special arrangement is made in the future UK/EU relationship. In particular, this will touch the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC). The current chairperson on PRAC is British as is one of the expert advisors and one of the patient representatives. The British have always played a strong and key role in the EMA and on the PRAC. Some or many of the British employees will start drifting out later in the year or 2017 as it becomes clear that their employment will end. Some will stay on until they are forced to leave. This will produce turbulence, delays, items falling through the cracks etc. Anyone in the industry who has lived through a merger or a company relocation to a new location knows what will happen!
- There will be secondary effects on the UK drug agency (MHRA). They will certainly have to pick up some duties currently handled by the EMA and other Member State Health agencies. The MHRA will need to make changes in both high-level processes and duties as well as day-to-day operations. Unless they negotiate some level of continuity and use of EMA directives, regulations, databases, MA approvals, etc. much of this will have to return to the MHRA. Whether there will be sufficient personnel and budget for this remains to be seen. Clearly, there will be turbulence, change and delays.However, there will surely be an arrangement with the EMA perhaps similar to the arrangements that the Swiss agency has with the EMA. Perhaps the UK will still accept mutual recognition (approval) and sharing agreements. Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein work with the EMA even though they are outside the EMA and EU. Perhaps PV and the PRAC will, somehow, continue jurisdiction in the UK through a mutual agreement. All this remains to be seen.
- Interestingly, language issues may arise. English is now the de facto EU language and, with the EMA sitting in London, is clearly the working language of the EMA. After the UK leaves the EU, there will only be two (small) primarily English speaking countries: Eire (Ireland) and Malta. There is already a push for increased use of German and French in the EU in addition to English. The European Commission president, Jean-Claude Juncker, of Luxembourg refused to speak English to the EU Parliament on June 28 as he normally does. Although petty, this is perhaps a sign of change already. Clearly with fewer Brits in the EU and the agencies, there will be less English and less native English (for better or worse…).
Some Things are Less Clear. Here is Some Speculation:
- It’s possible that drug reviews and approvals will be delayed, particularly if a separate approval is required for the UK apart from centralized approval for the remaining 27 member states.
- Companies with the UK as an EU rapporteur may have to find another rapporteur for processes and approvals underway. It is questionable whether any company should/would want to use the UK as a rapporteur going forward now and it will not be possible after the UK leaves – again unless some special arrangement is put into effect.
- Clinical trial PV reporting will be altered in ways that are as yet unclear. SUSARs and periodic reports may have to be reported separately to the UK as well as EudraVigilance.
- Post-marketing reporting will also likely be altered. This will include SAEs/SARs, PSURs/PBRERs, compassionate use, etc. Risk Minimisation Plans with commitments and studies (e,g, PASS) outside the UK may or may not need to be altered. The reporting timelines on the Union List for PSURs may or may not change and may or may not be accepted in the UK. The newly installed EMA literature searches and requirements may or may not be useable for the UK.
- My view is that there will be good will on the part of the remaining EU Member States and the UK, particularly in the area of pharmacovigilance. No one anywhere wants to put the public health at risk. Surely the FDA, Health Canada and the other agencies will work with the UK MHRA and EMA to ensure that safety information and issues continue to be discussed and data exchanged. It is, however, unlikely that the WHO, Uppsala Monitoring Centre or other international agencies and NGOs will take over these roles or new duties. ICH, CIOMS and other organizations will continue their work.
- Money and budgets will be a big issue. “He who pays the piper calls the tune” as the old saying goes. Brexit will now be a political issue, not a medical or scientific issue.
- It’s not at all clear the EMA will have a big say in its future. Their new world will probably be largely out of their control.
What to Do Now:
- Any company, NGO, health agency etc. really needs to set up a system of regulatory, political and drug safety intelligence to follow what is happening. This includes not only scanning the internet but also keeping in touch with people on the ground in the UK and EU with good sources of information (and gossip).
- Companies with on-going or upcoming MA submissions in which the UK is involved directly should also pay close attention and consider developing a Plan B, particularly if the submission is months to a year two down the road. Expect delays, uncertainty, vague “official” information and instructions and last minute changes.
- In terms of PV, don’t make any changes yet and continue to do everything you must do under UK and EU/EMA requirements. Keep channels of communication open with vendors, CROs, safety database companies etc. Continue to do signaling, RMPs etc. Start considering a Plan B. If your organization or company has a UK office, set up more detailed lines of communication and be sure the folks there have a real tracking mechanism in place and that they communicate news to the rest of the company. Similarly for offices within the Member States, in particular the large and key Member States (e.g. France, Belgium, Germany, Spain, Netherlands etc.).
Pharmacovigilance is always an area of uncertainty where the next email or phone call can herald a major drug problem or crisis. This merely adds to our exciting workload!
Tags: brexit, drug safety, ema, EU, Pharmacovigilance | <urn:uuid:4b832ed7-06fe-491d-8930-28b1fdfc41ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lifesciencescare.hcltech.com/blog/brexit-and-pharmacovigilance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.96025 | 1,917 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Principal Sponsor: U.S. Rep. Robert Whitman, First Congressional District, Virginia
Status as of 9/1: Referred to Committee on Natural Resources
To amend the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act to require the Secretary of Commerce to develop a plan to conduct stock assessments for all stocks of fish for which a fishery management plan is in effect under that Act and for other purposes.
Summary of the bill: H.R. 3063 is an amendment to the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act aimed at improving the science behind stock assessments when a federal fishery management plan is in effect. Continue reading
Catch Shares Coalition is an initiative of Frontiers of Freedom with the goal of preserving America’s fishing resources. Over-fishing is depleting America’s available supply of fishing stocks – leading to rationing, higher prices for consumers, taxpayer bailouts of fisheries, and the heavy hand of government regulation.
Under George W. Bush, the U.S. Department of Commerce began testing the effectiveness of Catch Shares, a market-based program to manage fisheries. Catch Shares allocates a specific portion of a given fishery’s overall quota to fisherman – by individual, by ship, or by other means in lieu of telling them when or how they can fish.
Catch Shares allows flexibility in fishing schedules – something that’s not allowed under current rules – and for fishing incomes to be more stable without having to rely on taxpayer bailouts. Catch Shares give fishermen the freedom to fish.
Catch Shares is a more effective way to manage fisheries because it uses a property-right framework to address what is commonly known as “the tragedy of the commons.” It gives fishermen a stake in their future, a way to forecast their income, and the ability to sell or lease their share to another fisherman if they choose.
Where they have been implemented, Catch Shares have allowed longer but more productive seasons, and increase in revenues, job growth, a reduction in discards of dead and dying fish and an increase in safety. There are some policymakers who want to shut down the Catch Shares program. They want to keep things as they are with continued over-fishing, subsidies and a crushing federal regulatory burden.
Catch Shares is a CONSERVATIVE approach to fisheries management.
Click on www.FishingAndFreedom.com to go to the Catch Shares Coalition website. | <urn:uuid:d42dab55-b60f-476d-b139-5f054e438edd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ff.org/tag/fishing-and-freedom/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.93253 | 508 | 2.015625 | 2 |
- Federal agencies are required by statute to purchase products as designated or specified under this program
Where to Buy
Legal Requirements Lists federal requirements related to the purchase of this item, including applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) requirements
According to BioPreferred, packing and insulating materials are pre-formed and molded materials that are used to hold package contents in place during shipping or for insulating and sound proofing applications.
BioPreferred maintains an electronic product catalog listing products that either 1. are eligible for preferred federal procurement, or 2. have earned the USDA Certified Biobased Product Label. | <urn:uuid:d0a86e4b-6830-4bf9-891c-1e1b985e5809> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sftool.gov/greenprocurement/green-products/8/miscellaneous/1310/packing-insulating-materials/0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.909401 | 140 | 1.6875 | 2 |
The first-in-the-nation effort is tackling fraught questions astir who deserves outgo and however much.
Dec. 8, 2021, 8:57 a.m. ET
After the killing of George Floyd successful Minneapolis, arsenic the federation grappled with however to close a agelong past of wrongs, California took a momentous measurement successful the sanction of radical equity.
In September 2020, the authorities created a task unit to survey and urge reparations for Black Californians, peculiarly those descended from slaves. The effort is the lone 1 successful the federation of this scale.
If you’re wondering, yes, California joined the national arsenic a escaped authorities and ne'er officially sanctioned slavery. But voters present supported pro-slavery authorities for decades and, done a assortment of discriminatory housing, voting and transgression justness policies, hampered the quality of Black Americans to accumulate wealthiness and get ahead, experts say.
“It is intelligibly a continuing conflict successful California, I think, to unrecorded up to what it perceives itself to be: arsenic this fantastic imagination that has adjacent accidental and entree for all,” Secretary of State Shirley Weber, who wrote the reparations legislation, said during a gathering this year.
For the past respective months, the radical has been gathering grounds and weighing proposals earlier it is expected to taxable its recommendations to the Legislature adjacent summer. On Tuesday, the sheet commenced its latest two-day meeting, diving into the satellite of housing, gentrification and infrastructure successful California.
(Other gathering agendas tackle schoolhouse segregation, biology justice, the Great Migration, the past of slavery and more. You tin ticker a livestream of today’s meeting, which volition absorption connected amusement and sports, here.)
Bruce Appleyard, subordinate prof of metropolis and determination readying astatine San Diego State University, told the sheet connected Tuesday that an array of discriminatory lodging policies chopped disconnected African Americans from a large root of wealthiness for middle-class families: equity from housing.
Although African American incomes connected mean are astir 60 percent of achromatic incomes, Appleyard said, “African American wealthiness is lone astir 5 to 9 percent of achromatic wealth.”
That carries important consequences. People who place arsenic Black oregon African American marque up 6.5 percent of California’s full colonisation but astir 40 percent of our stateless population, according to immoderate estimates.
“The Black radical overrepresented successful the unhoused colonisation is neither incidental oregon accidental,” Brandon Greene, manager of the radical and economical justness programme astatine the A.C.L.U. of Northern California, told the panel.
Reparations for slavery successful the United States person been debated for decades, but small advancement has been made until recently.
Though national authorities has mostly stalled, political candidates nationwide progressively enactment reparations, and cities including Evanston, Ill., and Detroit person taken steps to supply fiscal compensation to Black Americans.
At the archetypal gathering of California’s caller task unit successful June, the sheet reviewed examples of different reparations programs: Germany paid billions to Holocaust victims, and the United States provided restitution to Japanese Americans incarcerated during World War II.
The remainder of the news
Omicron and vacation travel: 12 of the astir pressing questions.
Newsom writes a children’s book: Gov. Gavin Newsom published a publication connected Tuesday that was inspired by his acquisition of surviving with dyslexia, The Associated Press reports.
Theranos trial: On Tuesday, Elizabeth Holmes capped her grounds with a circular of denials.
Vaccination mandate: More than 100 Los Angeles firefighters person been placed connected unpaid permission for failing to get vaccinated against Covid-19, KTLA5 reports.
George Gascón: A reappraisal of millions of transgression cases recovered a crisp diminution successful the complaint astatine which the caller Los Angeles territory lawyer is charging misdemeanors. LAist has the story.
Kobe Bryant crash: New filings suggest that photos from past year’s clang spread wide among exigency workers.
San Diego redistricting: Because of a declining Latino colonisation successful District 9, voters whitethorn suffer their dependable successful a territory that was created to empower them, Voice of San Diego reports.
Modesto predetermination changes: The Modesto City Council wants to displacement the dates for erstwhile the city’s voters prime a politician to guarantee higher turnout, The Modesto Bee reports.
Weather warning: Snow and rainstorms are coming to ample swaths of Northern California this week.
San Francisco parklets: New guidelines mean that arsenic galore arsenic 90 percent of parklets successful the metropolis volition request to beryllium removed oregon importantly changed, The San Francisco Chronicle reports.
Where we’re traveling
Today’s question extremity comes from Sari Swig, a scholar who lives successful San Francisco. Sari recommends Coachella Valley Preserve:
“It’s wherever the San Andreas responsibility enactment resides. The h2o comes up from the heavy retired of the responsibility line. Palm trees sprouted from the water, smack successful the mediate of the desert.
It’s rather a sight. And determination are tons of hiking trails astir the area.”
Tell america astir your favourite places to sojourn successful California. Email your suggestions to firstname.lastname@example.org. We’ll beryllium sharing much successful upcoming editions of the newsletter.
What we’re recommending
John Wilson is making the slightest predictable amusement connected TV.
And earlier you go, immoderate bully news
An unearthed video offers a mesmerizing presumption of 1960s San Francisco.
The footage, which was precocious retouched, comes from a camera strapped to a cablegram car arsenic it roams the city’s streets. Take a look.
Thanks for reading. I’ll beryllium backmost tomorrow. — Soumya
P.S. Here’s today’s Mini Crossword, and a clue: Hoity-toity (5 letters).
Steven Moity and Mariel Wamsley contributed to California Today. You tin scope the squad astatine email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:82d56982-6f51-48f6-a520-69a45e074db1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lasvegasnewsherald.com/california-s-reparations-task-force-meets-again-20206.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.894543 | 1,358 | 2 | 2 |
How does a home button break?
There are two main causes for a home button to stop working.
1) physical damage
Home buttons that suffer physical damage can stop working properly, for example cracked surface, torn flex cable etc.
2) water damage
There are electronic circuits on back of a home button. If electronic components are damaged by liquid/water, circuits can malfunction.
3) other causes
Connection between home button and screen
All accessories of a phone are connected to the motherboard directly or indirectly. For iPhone 7 / 7 Plus / 8 / 8 Plus, a home button is connected to motherboard with the bridge of the screen. If flex cables connection the screen and the motherboard is broken, the home button can also malfunction.
Home button repaired by replacing the screen
We have received an iPhone 7 which had a home button problem. The home button was said to be replaced 4 months ago in town and stopped working recently.
To repair a home button, the screen must be removed first and then a diagnose to it. After the screen was removed, we were surprised to see that the bracket to secure the home button was missing. We also found a lot of screws missing, which were used to hold brackets to secure covers for battery socket and front camera socket. What a irresponsible repair!
To figure out where the problem was, we replaced the home button but it turned out no good. But the new home button was a proven good one. Then we replaced the new screen as well, it worked alright. So the flex cable which bridges the home button to motherboard must be broken, it still displays and touches well though.
Irresponsible repair could be a nightmare
We continue to check the phone under microscope and shocked to find one component knocked off the motherboard as shown below. Fortunately it’s not an essential one. Image below shows two sockets, with the left one for display and the right one for touch and home button. The previous technician must have accidentally knocked the capacitor off. | <urn:uuid:1cf3cb99-0e9e-4e9d-ac49-19d10c6c47fd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://myphonedoctor.co.uk/what-repair-a-home-button-by-replacing-the-screen/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.951877 | 406 | 2.296875 | 2 |
The source event records to append.
The Location Referencing event layer or feature class into which the source event records will be appended.
Controls how the attribute information in fields of the Input Event parameter value is transferred to the Target Event parameter value.
Because the Input Event parameter value is appended into an existing event that has a predefined schema (field definitions), fields cannot be added or removed from the target dataset. While you can set merge rules for each output field, the tool ignores those rules.
Specifies how appended events with measure or temporality overlaps with identical Event IDs as Target Event records will be loaded into the event feature class.
Generate Event ID GUIDs for loaded events
Specifies whether event IDs will be generated for Input Event records being appended. Generation of event IDs will only be applied to Input Event records with a Null value for the Event ID field.
Specifies whether the shapes of the records being appended will be regenerated. This parameter is only active when the Input Event is a feature layer or feature class.
|Output Target Event|
The event layer or feature class to which the source event records have been appended.
|Output Results File|
A text file that details changes made by the tool. | <urn:uuid:1a67e676-3d63-4383-8609-3ad9d8648f72> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/tool-reference/location-referencing/append-events.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.765267 | 360 | 2.25 | 2 |
Learning about Disaster Prevention <Miyako City>
- Earthquake Learning
Taro was said to be a town of disaster prevention. A program to listen a guide on the seawall and to watch the video not open to public at the former Taro Kanko Hotel which is one of earthquake remains, tells the future generations why the enormous damage occurred and the threat of the Great East Japan Earthquake. (Reservation required)
About the Translation of our Homepage:
Machine translation is used to translate the homepage into English.
Therefore, it may not be an accurate translation.
The content may differ from the original one of the Japanese page. We appreciate your kind understanding. | <urn:uuid:c82e184c-457e-492e-bc98-2a1a83e663f5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sanriku-travel.jp/en/know/area_info/p2527/p584/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.919643 | 149 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Looking for genetic counseling? This Colombian researcher may help you
Due to the genetic nature of diseases like cancer, it is important to get special advice to prevent some of the most serious cases.
MORE IN THIS SECTION
Sara Gómez-Trillos, a Colombian health researcher based in the United States, represents the hope for many women, especially Latinas, to access genetic counseling that can shed light on the origin and characteristics of their disease.
Gómez-Trillos specializes in research and project coordination at the Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center in Washington D.C., where she works with a team led by Dr. Alejandra Hurtado de Mendoza, a bilingual social psychologist with interdisciplinary training in Anthropology and Communication, whose research addresses translational genomics in underserved populations.
The Colombian origin researcher and Dr. Hurtado are currently working on a culturally-adapted telephone genetic counseling protocol (TCG), as well as a Spanish-language educational brochure for Latina breast cancer survivors.
Thanks to work by the Colombian researcher, awareness and advice in the Spanish-speaking community has improved, increasing the number of genetic tests assigned for women in the population group, who have a higher risk of suffering from Breast Cancer Syndrome and Hereditary Ovary (HBOC).
It is important to highlight that both BRCA1 (breast cancer gene 1) and BRCA2 (breast cancer gene 2) are genes that facilitate the elimination of tumors, so if a person inherits a damaged copy of these, they may have a greater chance of getting different types of cancer, which includes breast and ovarian cancer.
You can also read: Meet the Nigerian oncologist fighting breast cancer
Due to the genetic nature of cancer, it is vital that patients have access to professional counseling of their genetic material, as this can prevent a person from passing on an inherited disorder.
“Our cultural adaptation of TGC can increase the reach and quality of care for Latinas at increased risk for HBOC, thus promoting health equity,” Gómez-Trillos highlighted in an interview with Forbes. She also pointed out that both the protocol and the TCG brochure are the first to be developed in Spanish for a Latino audience, allowing the use of cultural values and guaranteeing access to people with low levels of schooling.
Thanks to the implementation of this strategy, factors such as communication, quality and understanding the risks arising from the genetic information of each person, have begun to show signs of improvement.
Latin America’s Case
According to the Colombian researcher, the availability of genetic services to study these types of hereditary cancer is very different on each Latin American country.
Referring specifically to her country, Colombia, Gómez-Trillos points out that inequity is one of the most serious problems faced by this type of study, a factor that highlights how few people know about these services and who can have access to them, especially families in rural areas where there are not health professionals who offer this type of care. Also, the effects of the pandemic have caused telephone genetic counseling to be used now as “standard clinical care.”
The researcher, who emphasizes on the cultural values of each patient as well as equity to offer suitable care, highlights that, in addition to the scarce resources available, the lack of inclusion of scientists from the "Global South" in decision-making may affect the collection of objective and personalized information that can offer solutions to patients.
Gómez-Trillos was born and raised in Medellin, Colombia. At 18, she moved to the United States to further her studies at the University of Virginia, where she conducted research on development, social relationships, and their impact on physical health. | <urn:uuid:7cfd0139-7416-4a5c-a3c4-a80d779cbe56> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aldianews.com/en/leadership/entrepreneurs/accessing-genetic-counseling | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.945341 | 783 | 2.375 | 2 |
In commemoration of the approximate 200th anniversary of Shakespeare’s birth, the London actor and theatrical entrepreneur David Garrick launched the first celebration of Shakespeare as “the god of our idolatry” in 1769, helping to fashion the Bard as the larger-than-life, iconic representation of English literary achievement.
The events that Garrick planned on the sacred site of Shakespeare’s birthplace, Stratford-upon-Avon, included everything from a concert of music to fireworks and a horse race, although not, significantly, a Shakespeare play. Garrick’s emphasis was on Shakespeare the man, the “Warwickshire lad” who put a human face on literary greatness even in his debut moment as public spectacle and national icon.
Despite the torrential rains that dampened Garrick’s festivities, his Shakespeare Jubilee began a trend. Shakespeare soon grew steadily in the public eye from good writer to literary super-star, becoming the celebrity whom the public both worships and desires to know as “Will.”
Paradoxically, making Shakespeare larger than life had the effect of bringing him up close and personal to his fans: Shakespeare is arguably one of two British authors whom we call by their first names today. The other one, of course, is Jane Austen, and these two literary super-stars are the subjects of Will & Jane: Shakespeare, Austen, and the Cult of Celebrity, on exhibit at the Folger through Nov. 6.
A mere two decades after the Jubilee at Stratford-upon-Avon, businessman John Boydell opened the doors of his fashionable Shakespeare Gallery on the Mall in London, filled with “big hit” scenes from Shakespeare’s plays painted on life-sized canvases by a range of contemporary artists.
While this first Shakespeare museum was ultimately a financial failure, for a decade and a half before it closed in 1804 it was the place to go to binge watch Shakespeare during the London “season.” Boydell’s gallery had a large shop that sold engraved prints of the paintings. These handsome engravings provide a valuable record of the compositions of the many original paintings that have now disappeared.
The What Jane Saw website (www.whatjanesaw.org) painstakingly reconstructs the eighteenth-century Shakespeare Gallery so that modern visitors might imagine what it would have been like to stroll through it during its heyday. In addition, the Folger owns several examples of the few surviving paintings, including George Romney’s The Infant Shakespeare attended by Nature and the Passions, a literary nativity scene now on display in all its glory in the Great Hall as part of Will & Jane. Obviously not a scene from any play, this “baby Shakespeare” arrests visitors to the Folger with solemn infant eyes, evoking in his nakedness and vulnerability the sense of intimacy that Garrick’s audience might have felt with the “Warwickshire lad” in 1769.
[Listen to a Shakespeare Unlimited podcast episode about the Boydell Gallery.]
200 years seems to be a linchpin anniversary. Will & Jane takes us fast forward to 1995, when another writer began her meteoric rise to literary stardom in a parallel moment of public spectacle and worship: the BBC’s television adaptation of Pride and Prejudice. The desiring gaze of Elizabeth Bennet (played by Jennifer Ehle) on the manly charms of a wet-shirted Darcy (played by Colin Firth) triggered a small tsunami of Jane Austen adaptations at roughly her 200 mark. It also sparked a new interest in Jane herself. Who was this woman who authored some of the greatest love stories of our time? Did she fall in love like her heroines? Oh, surely, she did, suggested the film Becoming Jane—but with whom, when, and how?
The fact that we have almost as little biographical information about Austen as we do about Shakespeare has not stopped us from imagining rich love lives for both of them. Hail the modern biopic, from Shakespeare in Love to Miss Austen Regrets. As eager fans, we want to reward the writers who have given us so many peak moments of vicarious romance with rich love lives of their own. In both cases, fans also crave the intimacy with their beloved writers that comes from personal knowledge.
Both Will and Jane became public spectacles at, roughly, the 200th anniversaries of their literary afterlives. What is there about that 200-year mark that provoked the urge to celebrate these authors into spectacular celebrity? Will & Jane offers both a few answers to that question as well as plenty of opportunities to get up close and personal with the two authors whom we know on a first-name basis. | <urn:uuid:4f6cb830-53f8-4716-8db2-10cf6a6a082d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shakespeareandbeyond.folger.edu/2016/10/07/spectacle-shakespeare-jane-austen-200/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.957429 | 990 | 2.71875 | 3 |
If you're about to embark on a career as an arborist, you're going to need some equipment. Being an arborist is serious business, and it requires the right type of equipment. Being without the right equipment could put an arborist at risk for serious accidents and injuries. If you're not sure what type of equipment to buy, read the list provided below. Here are five types of equipment every arborist should have on hand.
Now that you'll be working as an arborist, you need to have the right safety equipment. Without the right safety equipment, you're at an increased risk for on-the-job injuries. Because you'll be working with chainsaws, and other pieces of heavy equipment, you'll need steel-toed boots. You'll also need to protect your eyes, which means you'll need a pair of protective safety goggles. It's also important that you protect your head, which is why you need to buy at least one safety helmet.
If you're working as an arborist, you might find yourself trimming trees on a daily basis. Trimming is essential to maintaining tree health. Tree trimming is used to reduce the size of the tree, and to create form and shape. That's why you need to have the right equipment. Some of the tools you need for trimming include saw scabbards, pruners, pole saws, and tree loppers. These tools will help you to ensure proper trimming for the trees you provide care for.
When you work as an arborist, there are times when simple trimming won't benefit the tree. In those instances, more severe cutting may be necessary. Cutting is often used to remove sections of trees that are diseased or damaged. When cutting is necessary, you need more than your trimming equipment. For those types of jobs, you need heavy-duty equipment. Some of the tools that are required for tree cutting include chainsaws, hand saws, and hatchets.
When your work involves tending to trees, you can expect to do some climbing. If you haven't done it yet, now's the time to build up your supply of essential climbing equipment. You're going to need a combination of rigging and climbing equipment. The rigging equipment is designed to keep you safe while you climb. Some of the equipment you'll need for rigging and climbing include blocks and pulleys, ascenders and descenders, friction brakes, and rigging plates. For a complete list of climbing equipment, talk to your local arborist supply provider, such as Whispering Pines Landscape. They have all the equipment you need to stay safe on the job. | <urn:uuid:879b73c3-1fc1-4fb4-a004-6271292475bf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chateau-guges.com/2021/06/25/starting-your-career-as-an-arborist-essential-tools-you-need-to-have/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.969938 | 565 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Showing Collections: 1 - 7 of 7
Typewritten letter addressed "to Presidents of Stakes, Bishops, and Stake Superintendents of Sunday Schools." The item expresses faith in the Sunday School system of the Mormon Church and states that it will help the membership earn their salvation. The letter was signed by Cannon, George Goddard, and Karl G. Maeser as members of the General Superintendency of Sunday School for the Mormon Church. The signatures were placed on the item by some form of mechanical reproducing process.
Handwritten and typewritten drafts and final versions of speeches and Sunday school lessons. Also included are newspaper clippings, magazine articles, and a biography of Felt by her children. Most of the materials are intended for Mormon children and teach simple precepts of the Mormon faith.
This collection consists of a diary kept in a notebook. One section of the journal covers the years 1885-1886 when McCullough traveled to California to work. The remaining section covers the years 1895-1896. At this time McCullough was active in the Mormon Church. He visited local Mormon wards and branches and held meetings relating to the Sunday School.
Typewritten and mimeographed rules for conducting Sunday School meetings, including prayer meeting, opening exercises, classes, and the closing exercises.
Handwritten meeting minutes of the sunday school held in Farmington, New Mexico for the Mormon Church. The item records the songs and mentions who conducted the meetings, led the singing, and gave talks.
Typewritten letter dated 10 March 1893 to be sent to all the Superintendents of Sunday Schools. The item explains that the Sunday School hopes to make money from the proceeds of a concert to be held in Salt Lake City, Utah on 6 April 1893.
- Church Educational System 3
- Church Government 3
- Diaries 2
- Letters 2
- California -- Description and travel 1
- Drafts (Documents) 1
- Farmington (N.M.) -- History 1
- Lists 1
- Marion (Utah) -- History -- Sources 1
- Minutes (Records) 1
- Mormon authors -- History 1
- Mormon women -- Utah -- Salt Lake City -- History 1
- Mormons -- New Mexico -- Farmington -- History 1
- Mormons -- Utah -- History 1
- Mormons -- Utah -- Salt Lake City -- History 1
- Notes 1
- Polygamy -- Law and legislation -- United States 1
- Polygamy -- Utah -- History -- 19th century 1
- Religion 1
- Salt Lake City (Utah) -- Social Life and Customs -- 19th century 1
- Speeches, addresses, etc., American 1 ∧ less
- Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 3
- Cannon, Abraham H. (Abraham Hoagland), 1859-1896 1
- Cannon, George Q. (George Quayle), 1827-1901 1
- Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. First Council of the Seventy 1
- Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Seventeenth Ward (Salt Lake City, Utah) 1 | <urn:uuid:9412e630-e343-4b0d-9996-d79fe5b25019> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archives.lib.byu.edu/repositories/resources?q%5B%5D=%2A&op%5B%5D=&field%5B%5D=title&from_year%5B%5D=&to_year%5B%5D=&limit=resource&filter_fields%5B%5D=subjects&filter_values%5B%5D=Church+of+Jesus+Christ+of+Latter-Day+Saints&filter_fields%5B%5D=published_agents&filter_values%5B%5D=Deseret+Sunday+School+Union&sort=title_sort%20asc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.888117 | 663 | 2.359375 | 2 |
How to cite “Crush” by Richard Siken
Formatted according to the APA Publication Manual 7th edition. Simply copy it to the References page as is.
Siken, R. (2005). Crush. Yale University Press.
Chicago style citation
Formatted according to the Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition. Simply copy it to the References page as is.
Siken, Richard. 2005. Crush. Yale Series of Younger Poets. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Formatted according to the MLA handbook 9th edition. Simply copy it to the Works Cited page as is.
Siken, Richard. Crush. Yale University Press, 2005.
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|Year of publication||2005|
|Publisher||Yale University Press|
|City of publication||New Haven, CT| | <urn:uuid:1fd42bc4-ec97-4409-93e2-6c9b4b39d5e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bibguru.com/b/how-to-cite-crush/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.801182 | 313 | 1.617188 | 2 |
BOSTON, April 23, 2018 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- ClinicalStudyDataRequest.com (CSDR), the first-in-class online resource giving researchers access to patient-level clinical trial data from 14 of the world's leading pharmaceutical companies across multiple therapeutic areas, today announced new strategic collaborations with four major non-profit partners: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council and Wellcome Trust. The new consortium partners expand CSDR's ability to deliver upon its promise to help accelerate life-saving discoveries and efficiently translate big data into smart data that generates valuable research results.
"Making clinical trial data available to biomedical researchers across all geographies will help improve academic and clinical research activities, the drug development process, and ultimately, enhance patients' health outcomes," said Scott Martin, Chair of the CSDR Steering Committee. "CSDR is pleased to join forces with such outstanding research collaborators who share our vision of safeguarding privacy while enabling transparency around the vast amounts of valuable data borne from clinical trials."
Since its founding in 2013 CSDR has demonstrated steady growth both in the number of pharmaceutical partners making their data available to the research community as well as the number of researcher proposals submitted through the organization's one-stop shop for accessing de-identified patient data from the more than 3,500 studies worldwide. With 57 researchers who accessed data through CSDR having already published or pending publication of journal articles on their findings, the organization recently launched a redesign of its website to allow for an improved, more efficient user experience. With the addition of non-profit partners, CSDR is uniquely positioned to not only serve the research community through unparalleled access to patient-level clinical data from the pharmaceutical industry, but also as a resource through which academic-led clinical trial data now can be shared..
"Data is one of the biggest outputs of the research that Wellcome Trust supports, and we support CSDR's goal of ensuring that it is shared in a way that is independent, transparent, and equitable to reduce the barriers of data re-use," said Jennifer O'Callaghan, Clinical Data Sharing Manager with Wellcome Trust. "CSDR addresses the needs of the academics whom we fund by providing them with a single, innovative solution for accessing and analyzing data from multiple trials as a means of saving time and effort – altogether maximizing the value of the research that we fund and creating an opportunity to make academic clinical trial data more discoverable, accessible and reusable for optimal impact and value. We strongly encourage our researchers to use CSDR for sharing and accessing trial data."
As clinical trial data sharing continues to expand, both the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) have put into place basic requirements to support clinical trial transparency and data disclosure, but are still calling for improvements around the scope, clarity, consistency, and usability of disclosed data. Through its innovative and functional approach to data sharing and scientific exchange, CSDR is answering that call with an unprecedented mechanism for ensuring privacy of trial subjects in tandem with expedited advancement of scientific discoveries and innovations.
ClinicalStudyDataRequest.com is the industry leader in global clinical trial data transparency. Its multi-Sponsor Request System provides a secure process for Researchers to request access to global clinical trial data through a publicly available website. An Independent Review Panel review data requests received from external researchers. Wellcome Trust provides secretariat support to this panel and oversees the review process. Access to clinical trial data provides opportunities to conduct further research that can help advance medical science and improve patient care. This helps ensure the data provided by research participants are used to maximum effect in the creation of knowledge and understanding. | <urn:uuid:53993f5a-585a-4bd8-9e99-b26084eccbb0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/clinicalstudydatarequestcom-announces-partnerships-with-global-academic-research-funders-to-expand-researchers-access-to-patient-level-clinical-trial-data-300634178.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.91997 | 769 | 1.5 | 2 |
Thacker Pass Dispatches – The Fauna of Thacker Pass
Thacker Pass, or Peehee mu’huh in Paiute, is the site of a 28 square mile open pit lithium mine in northern Nevada near Winnemucca. The Canadian company Lithium Americas plans to destroy Thacker Pass to extract the lithium intended for use in batteries, in particular for electric car batteries. The company claims it is a “green” mine.
However, the project would release more than 152,000 tonnes of greenhouse gases per year, use products from the oil and gas industry to refine lithium, and threaten more than 1,000 cultural sites sacred to the Northern Paiute and Western Shoshone peoples. of Fort McDermitt. tribe and other regional tribes.
The mine would also harm wildlife by directly killing animals, destroying 5,694.8 acres of habitat, and degrading thousands more acres through habitat fragmentation, increased traffic and pollution of the land. air, water, noise and light.
Great author, scholar and activist Vine Deloria Jr. (Standing Rock Sioux), in an interview years ago, reminded us that âLife is not a predatory, ‘red tooth and claw’ jungle, like Westerners like to pretend it is, but is best understood as a symphony of mutual respect in which each player has a specific role to play. We have to be in our shoes and we have to play our part at the right time, âsaid Deloria. “As far as humans are concerned, because we are the last to arrive, we are the ‘younger brothers’ of other life forms, so we have to learn everything from these other creatures.”
This photo essay introduces you to some of the wildlife at Thacker Pass, which we must learn, not destroy.
All images provided by Max Wilbert
To learn more about the fight to defend this wildlife, sacred lands and water, please visit https://www.protectthackerpass.org.
Max Wilbert is a wilderness organizer, writer and guide. It has been part of grassroots political work for almost 20 years. His second book, Brilliant Green Lies: How The Environmental Movement Has Lost Its Way And What We Can Do About It, co-written with Derrick Jensen and Lierre Keith, was released in March.
The views expressed above are not necessarily those of the Sierra Nevada ally. Our editorial staff remains entirely independent of our opinion page. Published opinions promote public conversation to fulfill our civic responsibility to challenge authority, to act independently of corporate influence or politics. | <urn:uuid:76350573-c4de-49e6-a41b-ba1cf6ce3a22> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wbstallions.com/thacker-pass-dispatches-the-fauna-of-thacker-pass/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.941588 | 531 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Drainage holes should be placed in the bottom of the planter box to allow for excess water to drain. You may also add a layer of rocks or gravel to the bottom of the planter box to improve drainage.
Should you line your cedar planter box?
If you are going to use your cedar planter box for plants that require drainage, then you will need to line it with something that will allow water to pass through, such as a layer of gravel or sand. If you are going to use it for plants that don’t require drainage, then you don’t need to line it.
Do cedar planter boxes need drainage holes?
If you are using cedar planter boxes for indoor plants, drainage holes are not necessary. If you are using them for outdoor plants, it is best to drill holes in the bottom of the planter for drainage.
How long will a cedar planter box last?
Assuming the cedar planter box is made of Western red cedar, it should last 20-30 years.
Do I need to seal cedar for a garden box?
No, cedar is naturally weather resistant and does not require sealing.
How do I keep my planter box from rotting?
There are a few ways to keep your planter box from rotting.One way is to use a liner that is made of a material that will not rot. Another way is to make sure that the planter box has good drainage.
Does cedar make good flower boxes?
Cedar generally does well in flower boxes, although it is important to avoid using treated wood, as the chemicals can leach out and harm the plants. Untreated cedar is a good choice for a naturally rot-resistant wood.
What should I line my planter box with?
Rockwool or coco fiber are both good choices for lining a planter box.
Should cedar raised beds be lined?
Cedar raised beds do not need to be lined.
Should I put plastic in my planter box?
Plastic is not necessary in planter boxes, but it can help with drainage and prevent roots from getting too wet. If you choose to use plastic, make sure to punch holes in the bottom for drainage.
What happens if a planter doesn’t have drainage holes?
If a planter doesn’t have drainage holes, the roots of the plant will not be able to breathe and the plant will eventually die.
Do you put holes in the bottom of a raised garden bed?
No, you do not put holes in the bottom of a raised garden bed. The purpose of a raised garden bed is to give the plants roots extra room to grow, and to improve drainage.
How many drainage holes does a planter need?
A planter should have one drainage hole per square foot of soil. | <urn:uuid:b2f599ae-8d98-4154-ad40-5381e58a5e51> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.remodelormove.com/what-do-you-put-in-the-bottom-of-a-cedar-planter-box/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.914277 | 597 | 2.125 | 2 |
In North America, the Gift Card is issued by a seller or bank. It can be utilized as a substitute for cash. In the UK, it is called a Gift Coupon. However, in a lot of nations, a Present Card is not released by the merchant. A bank, store, or store can provide a Gift Card. This card has numerous advantages, as well as can be purchased online or in a retailer. In North America, the Gift Card is described as a present Certificate.
A present card is a plastic record with a prepaid buck quantity on it. Relying on the company, the card may be redeemable at a solitary seller, or it might be refilled at a variety of different areas. The gift card issuer will certainly divulge the terms of the gift certificate on the occasion that it is retrieved. A present card likewise has a limit as to how many times it can be used. google play promo code generator
A Present Card can be redeemed for a variety of product or services. An individual can exchange a present card for a product or service, or for a solution. It also allows the recipient to utilize the Present Card wherever they are approved by the vendor. The very best feature of a Present Card is its flexibility. It can be utilized to buy a details product or solution. A person can utilize it to pay bills on the internet or exchange clothing with somebody they care about.
The gift card can be made use of for a selection of objectives. Some of the advantages are that it is non-refundable, and also the cash is not transferred to one more celebration. In addition, a Gift Card has the prospective to conserve a person a good deal of money. It can also be made use of as a pre paid repayment technique. It is an excellent means to give a person a little extra cash for a special event. It will allow the recipient to invest even more easily.
A Present Card is a digital card with a predetermined worth that permits the recipient to pick what to get. It can additionally be a goods debt or cash money. The worth of the card can be enhanced or decreased depending upon the shop. The holder can retrieve the gift card for a particular amount. If the purchaser wants to spend the money, the present card can be used for acquiring items and also solutions. There are lots of benefits to using a gift certification.
The recipient can acquire items with the present card. A gift certification can be redeemed for different kinds of items. A present card can be utilized to buy fashion jewelry, apparel, and also residence design. It is the ideal method to offer somebody a little bit of additional money. A present card is a superb means to show appreciation for a loved one. The recipient will certainly appreciate the gift as well as will rejoice when they obtain it. If the recipient has gotten a Present Certificate from a friend or family member, it can make the recipient feeling much more valued. itunes $20 gift card code generator
A gift card is a pre-paid present certificate. A store present card has a fixed expiration date as well as can be utilized at numerous merchants. It can be made use of to buy products and services. There is no fee for a basic usage Present card. It is a pre-funded document that the recipient can utilize for any function. If it runs out, it is worth thinking about utilizing a prepaid card. It is a fantastic means to provide gifts to liked ones.
A present card is a pre paid certificate that can be made use of as a substitute for a charge card. It is a composed pledge that can be traded for a specific amount of items or solutions. It can be made use of to control spending. A prepaid present certificate is the ideal method to avoid overdrafts and avoid fees. The federal regulation avoids any kind of gift certification from ending. There are numerous usages for a Present card.
A gift card can be retrieved for goods as well as services. A vendor’s name as well as get in touch with details can be printed on the front of the card, but a present card is ruled out building. It is not qualified for an escheat exception. A shop card can be exchanged for a gift certification in the name of the merchant. By doing this, the vendor can reward its staff members with a voucher. The seller is not required to pay a cost for a shop or mall.
A gift card is a digital record that can be made use of for several functions. It can be provided to a liked one or to a pal. They work for birthdays, wedding celebrations, as well as various other celebrations. Furthermore, it can be given as a gift. A gift card is an excellent method to convey a message to your loved ones. You can give a present to somebody who enjoys you. It might likewise be a token for the recipient.
A gift card is a substantial means of expressing gratitude for someone. It permits an individual to trade a gift for any kind of service or product. It can be an important possession that is used to say thanks to people. When purchasing a gift card, it is necessary to consider its expiration date. If it has been run out for a few years, it will need to be replaced. The recipient ought to have a receipt for the gift card.
A gift card is a valid methods of repayment. It might likewise contain fees. A present card is a legitimately binding record. Normally, a card is ruled out an actual present. The recipient can not reject a present. No matter its worth, it does not have to pay the price. Similarly, it can not be redeemed for cash money. It has an expiry day. A prefunded concrete record or magnetic chip. The recipient does not have to pay the charge to retrieve the gift. momio hack na szafiry i diamenty
A present card is a paper that a giver can tailor to fulfill details demands. It is usually personalized with a name or custom message. This is specifically useful in a service establishing where the recipient can not constantly pick the very same present. It can be utilized as a promotional device or to reward an employee. A card might also be a reward to shop. The giver can utilize a gift card to thank their staff members. On top of that, a card can be utilized as a kind of benefit. | <urn:uuid:bb5ccc0f-0eca-480a-a4c6-5e4eb97b6836> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://midislandracingpigeonsociety.com/2021/11/21/heres-what-industry-insiders-say-about-present-card/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.966273 | 1,292 | 1.734375 | 2 |
The Filipec family has for generations cherished the tradition of preparing Bermet and Muštarda. Bermet is a red aromatic wine made from selected grapes, wormwood and tropical fruit. The Muštarda of Samobor is a spicy sauce whose taste is similar to mustard. These products form the identity and pride of the people of Samobor and are an indispensable part of the gastronomic offer of Samobor.
After a large part of the property and the tannery with some 30 employees were taken from Josip Joca Filipec in 1946, he was left without any means to support himself. Overwhelmed by the adversity that befell him, he began producing Bermet and Muštarda, which over time became the staple of Samobor.In 1960s, son Vojko also joined the production. According to Joca’s will, the elder son (Vojko) will continue the family tradition of preparing Bermet after his passing, while the younger son (Antun Dubravko) will continue with the production of Muštarda.
In the early 1990s, grandson Antun got involved in the production, establishing a business for grape and wine production in 1999 named “Obitelj Filipec” (The Filipec Family), continuing the tradition, enhancing and expanding the circle of Bermet and Muštarda admirers. | <urn:uuid:7dc561d4-b0b8-46ed-9e61-dc0b8ab81c93> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.miva.com.hr/producers/producer-2005-filipec | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.941905 | 338 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Mifedwil Jandra, Ahmad Kilani Mohamed, Miftachul Huda and Andino Maseleno
Islam as a blessing is a religion that benefits human life and the universe. This religion must be communicated (dakwah) to mankind properly and correctly as taught by Allah in the Qur'an. The author tried to develop the concepts of communication in a framework for a missionary activity. This mindset is then examined by measuring data in the field with SEM analysis techniques. The results of the study show that Islam as a blessing will be realized when delivered with friendly dakwah, whose begins with social studies, makes proper planning and carries out careful communication in terms of methods, presentation, themes and forms of communication. The effect, will produce a happy life for the people.
Volume: Volume 24
Issues: Issue 1
Keywords: Islam as Blessing, Dakwah, Social Studies, Communication Planning, Happy People | <urn:uuid:6044197b-cbf5-44b4-92d6-5d1cb07ce3c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.psychosocial.com/article/PR200125/9331/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.912491 | 198 | 2.953125 | 3 |
By Michael Dahm and Conor M. Kennedy
The Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) has been increasing its ability to use civilian roll-on/roll-off (RO-RO) ferries to move troops and equipment ashore in amphibious landing operations. In August 2020, the PLA conducted a cross-sea mobility evolution using RO-RO ferries. Exercise Eastern Transportation-Projection 2020A (东部运投—2020A) was unique in that it discharged military vehicles from RO-RO ferries directly onto a beach using a modular floating pier. Commercial satellite imagery of a PLA amphibious exercise area in late-summer 2021 revealed that the PLA may have developed an improved floating pier system to support amphibious operations. These capabilities, components of what the U.S. Navy calls “joint logistics over-the-shore (JLOTS),” allows the PLA to use civilian vessels to move large amounts of military equipment into unimproved amphibious landing areas without port infrastructure. A Chinese mobile pier system like those observed in these exercises may have particular application for the PLA in an invasion of Taiwan.
The PLA has been using civilian transportation capabilities for military mobility for many years, moving military forces and equipment up and down the Chinese coast. RO-RO ferries provide significant capacity to move armor and other rolling stock. Recent PLA innovations are enabling greater roles for civilian ferries to move forces ashore. For example, some Chinese civilian ferries have been retrofitted with capabilities to deploy amphibious armored vehicles at-sea, essentially making them auxiliary amphibious landing ships. This is likely meant to compensate for the apparent shortage in PLA amphibious lift required to conduct a cross-strait landing. The PLA appear to be learning from their American counterparts with solutions for moving forces and supplies ashore in the absence of port infrastructure. This article explores a novel floating pier system that may provide a solution to some of the PLA’s amphibious lift shortcomings.
What the Chinese call an “offshore mobile debarkation platform” (海上机动卸载平台) was spotted in commercial satellite imagery along the fishing wharves of the Lanshan District in Rizhao City, China in September 2020. A PLA 2007 patent application for a similar system indicates sections include “square” or intermediate pontoon modules (方形模块), bow-stern modules (首尾模块), ramp modules (坡道模块), powered modules (推进模块), cargo ferries (货运渡船) and lighters (驳船) as well as warping tugs (绞滩拖船) to maneuver the different sections. The floating pier system was developed by engineers at the PLA Military Transportation University in Tianjin.
The Chinese system looks very similar to the U.S. Navy’s Improved Navy Lighterage System (INLS), produced by the Fincantieri Marine Group. The INLS is used principally by U.S. Navy Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF) ships. The system appears to have the same types of interchangeable modules as the U.S. floating causeway system. The U.S. system is used for off-loading MPF ships miles off-shore and then floating equipment and cargo to the beach. Alternatively, the INLS can be employed as a floating pier as shown in the images below from Exercise JLOTS 2008 off Camp Pendleton, California.
China’s National Defense Mobilization Committee ordered development of an offshore mobile debarkation platform for the PLA in 2001. The system was one of the major focus areas under “Project 019” (019工程), an effort to resolve issues of vehicle and materiel lightering when port infrastructure is unavailable or degraded by “blue forces.” A team of engineers at the PLA’s Military Transportation University worked for over a decade to overcome the engineering challenges associated with the system, especially as they related to connections between the modules and shallow water propulsion. Chinese media reports indicate the system has been used in exercises since 2012, but trials likely began earlier.
The offshore mobile debarkation system was featured in news coverage of a 2014 Guangzhou Military Region (GZMR) exercise. This was reportedly the first time the PLA used a civilian, militia-operated RO-RO ferry to embark and offload a PLA unit using the system. The 2014 exercise took place in the southern port city of Zhanjiang where an unidentified PLA mechanized infantry company (机械化步兵连) was loaded onto the Nan Fang 6, a commercial RO-RO ferry that normally provides service between the mainland and Hainan Island. As part of the exercise scenario, the ferry was told its destination terminal had been damaged and was ordered to offload over the beach. According to the news report, the PLA dispatched and assembled a “sectional causeway” (拼装式栈桥) system to a beach landing area. Warping tugs were shown assembling five pontoon units, extending the floating causeway approximately 600 feet from the shore.
Interestingly, a semi-submersible barge, often used in port construction projects, was placed at the end of the causeway to act as the pier head. With a ramp leading to the causeway, the semi-submersible barge could raise or lower its height above the water to accommodate different size RO-RO vessels.
After the RO-RO ferry docked with the semi-submersible barge, PLA equipment and troops immediately began to stream out of the ship. Reporters stated that the sectional causeway was assembled in just under an hour, a boast that seems somewhat implausible. The GZMR military transportation department director told reporters the floating causeway fixed “a number of bottlenecks in carrying out maritime projection with civilian ships.” There have been few other publicized training events using this system since the 2014 exercise. Prototypes of this system may have seen improvements by PLA engineers over the years, but its basic concept of operation appears to have remained the same.
A Chinese television report on the August 2020 PLA exercise Eastern Transportation-Projection 2020A shows army equipment being loaded onto civilian ships in the port of Lianyungang. Footage showed the port’s container cranes loading trucks and other military cargo into the 322 foot general cargo ship Sheng Tai. At the nearby ferry terminal, PLA armored and wheeled vehicles were loaded aboard the Sheng Sheng 1, a 394 foot, 10,000 ton RO-RO ferry as well as the much larger Bohai Baozhu (Bohai Pearl) a 535 foot, 24,000 ton RO-RO ferry. Like most newer Chinese-flagged ferries, the Bohai Baozhu was built to national defense specifications for carrying military equipment. The Bohai Baozhu is owned by the Bohai Ferry Group (渤海轮渡股份有限公司), which operates eleven RO-RO ferries in the Bohai Gulf. The company’s ships have been organized into the “Eighth Transport Dadui” (海运八大队), part of the PLA’s strategic projection support ship fleet (战略投送支援船队). The Sheng Sheng 1 is seen briefly at the end of the television report offloading tanks onto the semi-submersible barge and onto the offshore mobile debarkation system. The Sheng Sheng 1 was also seen in the July 14, 2020 high-resolution Planet Labs SkySat image, below, preparing to back into the same semi-submersible barge attached to the floating pier.
A soon-to-be published paper presented at a recent conference on PLA amphibious operations hosted by the U.S. Naval War College’s China Maritime Studies Institute provides a comprehensive account of the 2020 exercise. Two dozen commercial ships, tugs, and military landing craft took part in the large-scale operation led by the PLA’s Joint Logistics Support Force. According to ship automatic identification system (AIS) tracks, RO-RO ferries and cargo vessels sailed from the embarkation port of Lianyungang 24 nautical miles north to Lanshan. According to Chinese media reports, just as in the 2014 Zhanjiang exercise, a major component of the exercise involved ferries off-loading using a semi-submersible barge and a floating pier. Civilian ferries like the Bohai Baozhu and the Sheng Sheng 1 made several trips between Lianyungang and Lanshan, apparently transporting military equipment in each run before then returning to civilian ferry service across the Bohai Gulf.
The Chinese offshore mobile debarkation system is large enough to be seen in lower resolution Planet Labs commercial satellite imagery acquired between June and August 2020. The Lanshan beach area imaged is just north of the fishing wharf where the pier modules were imaged in September 2020. The floating pier was set up and taken down several times over two months, each time with the semi-submersible barge attached or close by off-shore. The temporary piers in the Planet Labs images correspond to the lengths of the system seen in the much higher-resolution Google Earth/Maxar image – approximately 1200 feet for the green pontoon sections and 720 feet for the grey pontoon sections. The shorter floating pier was used throughout the course of the exercise for landing craft that were off-loading cargo ships and other ferries farther off-shore. Planet Labs imagery indicates the modular system remained in Lanshan until November 2020. Its current location is unknown.
In late-August and early-September 2021, a new modular pier system was spotted in commercial satellite imagery at a known PLA amphibious training area in Dacheng Bay, China near the southern end of the Taiwan Strait. This improved system bears a closer resemblance to the U.S. Navy INLS. It is much more substantial and longer than the older floating pier, extending approximately 1475 feet from the shore. According to AIS tracks, two Bohai Ferry Group ships, the Boahai Mazhu and the Bohai Cuizhu visited the Dacheng Bay amphibious training area on September 4, 2021, probably to off-load dozens of ten-man assault boats in support of an amphibious raid. One significant indicator of floating pier operations in the exercise area was the presence of the same semi-submersible barge that was used in the summer 2020 exercise, the Sanhanggong 8, operated by the state-owned China Communications Construction Company (CCCC). The new floating pier system, the semi-submersible barge and an unidentified temporary pier may be seen in the low-resolution satellite image, below. Analysis of this exercise and its use of civilian shipping is on-going.
Beyond the media reports of the 2014 exercise and the 2020/2021 exercises, there is little open-source reporting available on the PLA’s use of these sectional causeways. It is interesting to note that in each example, the system was deployed in relatively sheltered areas with calm waters. The original Chinese patent for the system indicates it can operate in sea state 3 (wave heights up to 4 feet), which is identical to the advertised operating limit of the U.S. Navy INLS.
The Chinese offshore mobile debarkation system, while not as striking as the Chinese Navy’s newest amphibious assault ships, may have greater implications for how the PLA projects power over-the-shore, especially in a cross-strait amphibious invasion of Taiwan. Any large-scale landing by PLA Navy amphibious assault ships will require significant maritime lift for second echelon forces and logistics. This modular pier system may allow China’s substantial fleet of large civilian RO-RO ships to offload combat troops and equipment directly onto Taiwan’s beaches. Proficiency with this system and other JLOTS capabilities will be a critical capability in a cross-strait invasion if the PLA is unable seize Taiwan’s port infrastructure intact.
Michael Dahm is a senior researcher at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) and retired U.S. Navy intelligence officer. His research focuses on foreign military technologies and operational concepts.
Conor Kennedy is a research associate at the U.S. Naval War College, China Maritime Studies Institute. His research focuses on Chinese military development and maritime strategy.
The analyses and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Naval War College, the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) or APL sponsors. Commercial satellite images are sourced via SkyWatch Space Applications Inc. and Planet Labs, Inc. and are published under license from Planet Labs, which retains copyrights to the original, underlying images. This work has also been supported with AIS data from MarineTraffic – Global Ship Tracking Intelligence (www.marinetraffic.com).
Featured Image: An amphibious infantry fighting vehicle attached to a brigade of the PLA Navy Marine Corps launches anti-tank missiles during a maritime live-fire training exercise in mid July, 2021. (eng.chinamil.com.cn/Photo by Liu Yuxiang) | <urn:uuid:504b2eb5-cca8-45ec-a9d1-517d3e3ab980> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cimsec.org/civilian-shipping-ferrying-the-peoples-liberation-army-ashore/?mc_cid=3be5726361&mc_eid=6a44db53e5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.93995 | 2,837 | 2.578125 | 3 |
1. Tunnels and Mounds
The presence of moles is normally indicated by a network of subsurface runway tunnels in the turf and a collection of earth pushed up to form mounds. This is where the moles are hanging out.
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Don't let their cute faces fool you! Moles and voles are far from innocent when it comes to tearing up your lawn looking for food.
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Moles rely heavily on their sense of smell and their fur and whiskers as other sensory tools to find food, while voles use their small bodies and sharp claws to help them navigate through the underground tunnels. | <urn:uuid:50aedc75-48a6-4927-b9c0-7e7fa64433c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.topturf.net/moles-and-voles | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.965876 | 337 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Access to MyAccountAccess is easy to use, and users can log in from home, work, or mobile devices. In this digital platform, we have more than one card, and sometimes it is very difficult to use. But MyAccountAccess will help you and is considered one of the easiest ways to manage your account sensibly. They control your credit card and your credit card file. You can view your account file at any time.
MyAccountAccess is a secure website at www.myaccountaccess.com that allows people with multiple credit cards to manage all dimensions of their finances. My Account Access is an online service that allows credit and debit cardholders to manage their cards online. The cardholder can use this account to manage their account, pay bills, load money onto cards, pay cards, and many other MyAccountAccess Login services.
MyAccountAccess is the most secure web portal available for people with multiple credit cards to manage all dimensions of their finances. MyAccountAccess is easy to use, and users can log in at work, home, or on their mobile. Customers can view credit card transactions and their processing on the website at www.myaccountaccess.com, manage payments and balances, and update their profiles online.
Registration Procedure For New Users
For new users, you must follow a standard procedure to complete the registration process. As soon as the registration is complete, you can easily log into the portal. Since the process involves entering your card numbers, you must use a secure connection and device to perform this task.
- Visit the MyAccountAccess portal by clicking here.
- Click Sign Up in the top menu.
- On the registration page, enter your various information, such as your credit card number, 3-digit security code, and the last four digits of the SSN.
- After completing the form above, enter your personal username, password, and email address.
- Click the Submit button to submit your details.
- After registering, you will receive a confirmation email.
You can now follow the rest of the steps below to log into your credit card account on the Myaccountaccess web portal. Remember your password or write it down in a safe place for future reference.
The Login Procedure For Registered Users
There are many things you can do with your credit card account on the Myaccountaccess website at www.myaccountaccess.com. To log in to the Myaccountaccess portal with your credit card, you must correctly follow the steps listed below. Make sure you have a secure Internet connection when using the site, as the information shared on the portal is confidential.
- First, visit the official Myaccountaccess website using a web browser on your preferred device at www.myaccountaccess.com.
- Now enter your username in the appropriate field on the website to continue.
- Click the Next option and enter your account password when prompted on the next page.
- In a few seconds, you will be directed to a new website where you can log into your account.
- Completely!! Once you have successfully registered, you can easily manage your credit card online.
- You can use the aforementioned online portal to perform transactional and non-transactional activities on your credit card account. Plus, it’s completely free, which means you don’t have to worry about being charged for using the online MyAccountAccess Login service.
The above process is the easiest to successfully log into www.myaccountaccess.com.
Features of MyAccountAccess.com
Elan Financial Services has created the feature-rich myaccountaccess.com portal to make life easier for its clients. You can do it from the comfort of your home or office through the online portal. Set up multiple billing accounts on your credit card account to make your payment automatically on time. The invoice amount will be automatically debited from your account.
Check your credit card activity on the website and confirm transactions made in multiple locations. If you discover any discrepancies, you can immediately report them to customer service. You do not have to go to a branch or institution to file a service complaint or a problem with your credit card account.
Ability to review and validate the reward points received for each transaction. In addition, you can request the redemption of bonus points yourself through the web portal. Manage all the credit cards linked to your account in one place, just select the card in the dashboard and easily access card activity.
If you like the idea of a single MyAccountAccess Login to manage all your cards, but don’t want to use MyAccountAccess, MyCCPay has a similar system. We have a complete MyCCPay enrollment guide available. These are the different functions of the MyAccountAccess Login portal.
Advantages of MyAccountAccess
Once you have an Elan credit card, you need to manage your card offline or online, and today we all know the limits of an offline credit card account management. Elan Financial Services is building a MyAccountAccess Online management system for your credit cards with several benefits. And this particular process makes your card experience better and easier. And discover the advantages of the MyAccountAccess online account.
- You can use the electronic billing service through this Elan Financial Services card service system.
- Cardholders can also use other credit card services by creating an account with the MyAccountAccess rewards service.
- The MyAccountAccess Online cardholder can reactivate the blocked card through these MyAccountAccess Credit Card services.
- With this service, you can make payments through your checking account.
- You can apply for a new MyAccountAccess Credit Card.
- Basically, you log in to the web interface and configure the expected charge rates for various billers.
- Rewards end long after the quarter in which they were received. Three bonuses or cash rebates are valid for 6 to approximately two months after the initial purchase and are not awarded for balance movements or credits.
- In addition, you can request an increase in the credit limit.
Benefits of registering MyAccountAccess Online at MyAccountAccess Register for an electronic debit transaction with other credit institutions by logging into MyAccountAccess at myaccountaccess.com.
|Fuction||Credit Cards Managing|
Types Of Elan Credit Cards
Elan offers different types of credit cards depending on the needs of the clients. All types of credit cards have their advantages and advantages. Basically, with certain types of credit cards, you will continue to earn reward points for every dollar spent on the card.
Here is a list of the credit cards that Elan Financial Services offers to its clients:
- Visa Platinum Credit Card – You don’t need a lot of credit or anything like that; However, refunds will not be given for purchases made with a Platinum credit card.
- American Express card: customers receive a 1% to 3% cash bonus for certain types of transactions, such as B. Spending at gas stations, supermarkets, etc.
- Visa Real Rewards Card – Get 1-1.5% rewards for virtually every dollar you spend on the card, regardless of transaction type and settings.
- American Express Premier Rewards Card – Receive a refund and reward for all fees charged with this card.
- All of the above cards and benefits apply to consumer MyAccountAccess Credit Card offered by Elan Financial Services, and corporate credit cards may have other benefits. Contact MyAccountAccess Login customer service.
Credit Card Payment MyAccountAccess Elan
Credit card payments should always be made on time, just like Elan credit cards. The prerequisite is that you pay the full amount at the same time.Paying on time has many benefits for all users, but paying in advance may not be the smartest way to go. Elan credit cards are very difficult to approve and have strict payment terms.
- If you have a credit card, it is very important that you pay on time, otherwise, you will have to pay late fees.
- Also, interest rates are high and credit card cancellations can sometimes occur.
- Additionally, MyAccountAccess may limit or cancel your rewards and bonuses, for example, a late payment penalty.
- With the emergence of cyberattacks and security breaches, many organizations are struggling to keep their information (and their customers) safe and private.
However, Elan Financial Services is one of the most proactive companies identifying and fixing security vulnerabilities and looking for new ways to protect the system. One of the company’s new solutions is the two-way fraud warning.
These real-time notifications allow cardholders to track their activity, view recent transactions, and report fraudulent transactions through the My Mobile Money app. If a fraudulent transaction is reported, MyAccountAccess will be asked to verify the card and replace it if necessary.
Before implementing this new security solution, MyAccountAccess called cardholders to notify them of suspicious and fraudulent activity. However, the process took too long and the odds of reaching the customer for the first time were only 10%.
This lack of communication has led to an increase in the number of false positives and even actual fraudulent activity. Push notifications improved communication and identified fraudulent activity.
MyAccountAccess Customer Service
In general, Elan card services are known to provide excellent customer service and banking services. However, in some cases, you may have difficulty paying your credit card bill. Additionally, customers should report problems or inconsistencies with their accounts by contacting customer service.
As a customer, you can call 800-558-3424 and contact a customer service representative to file your complaint and resolve it as soon as possible. Customer service is available 24 hours a day for cardholders. You can send your credit card payment to the following address if you do not want to pay online from your account.
P.O. Box 790408
Saint-Louis, MO 63179-0408,
Please make sure to provide the correct address when checking out to avoid future problems. If something bad happens to your card (theft or unauthorized access), you can contact MyAccountAccess Login support directly at 800-558-3424. You can also get help directly from the MyAccountAccess panel. All you need to do is log in and click on Messages.
If you have technical questions about your board, please contact Technical Support at this phone number: 877-334-0460 Cardholder Service: Cardholder Service, P.O. P.O. Box 790408 St. Louis, MO 63719-0408
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I register on the Myaccountaccess portal?
You can follow the steps above to register your account on the portal.
What services does this portal offer?
The Myaccountaccess login portal offers various services, such as checking bank statements, expediting payments, account details, and payments.
How many credit cards can I add to MyAccountAcess?
You can add as many credit cards as you want.
What is Elan’s finance department?
Elan Financial Service is a company that works with banks and credit unions on the subject of credit cards.
Where can I access the MyAccountAccess portal?
You can access the portal to MyAccountAccess at www.myaccountaccess.com.
How can I redeem rewards on my credit card?
If you have multiple credit cards associated with your account, simply go to the control panel and select the card. On the next screen, select the reward option to redeem your reward points.
I can’t log into the web portal, what can I do?
If you are a new user, you will need to register to log into your account. If you have other problems, please contact customer service.
Who can access the Myaccountaccess site?
Any customer with an Elan Financial Services credit card can access and use the website MyAccountAccess.com.
We believe this article has covered everything related to the Myaccountaccess website. Now you don’t have to worry about remembering bill payments, etc. Just log into the web portal and set up automatic bill pay for multiple bill issuers. Using the Myaccountaccess website has many benefits and is probably the easiest way to manage your credit card account. Please let us know if you have any further questions. | <urn:uuid:79007742-4d3b-425a-8bd4-0e5c22987f40> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.myaccountaccess.one/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.922954 | 2,566 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Users can share a live view of their screen for others to see, which will show participants in the chat everything the user is doing on their mobile device. “Screen sharing lets you share a live view of your screen so you can share virtually anything together.
Is there a difference between Messenger and Facebook Messenger?
Facebook allows its users to privately message each other through private messaging. This applies to both individual users and business to customer conversations. However, messaging on desktop takes place on Facebook chat while on mobile it takes place on a standalone Facebook application called Messenger.
Do you have to be friends on Facebook to use messenger?
You can send a message to anyone on Facebook, regardless of friend status or privacy settings. The only exception applies to members you’ve blocked and those who’ve blocked you.
Can you be connected on messenger but not friends on Facebook?
It is testing a new ‘Add Contact’ request feature that allows users to chat with a contact on Messenger by merely adding that contact to the smartphone. This means that users will be able to chat with their contacts through Messenger without being friends on Facebook.
Can you tell if someone is looking at your Messenger?
Whether you like it or not, Facebook’s chat app Messenger will let you know when someone has read your note. It’s super obvious when you’re using the desktop version of the product — you’ll even see exactly what time your friend checked out your missive — but a bit more subtle if you’re using the app.
How can you tell if someone is chatting on Messenger?
It’s near the top of the screen. This displays a list of everyone who’s active on Messenger. If a friend is online, you’ll see a green circle on top of their profile image.
To deactivate Messenger after you’ve deactivated your Facebook account:
- From Chats, tap your profile picture in the top left corner.
- Tap Legal & Policies.
- Tap Deactivate Messenger.
- Tap Deactivate.
Can someone else read my messages on Messenger?
According to Facebook, Messenger uses the same secure communications protocols as banking and shopping sites. … The messages are end-to-end encrypted, which means not even Facebook can access them.
When you ignore someone on Messenger What do they see?
Messenger is a famous and popular app that allows you to send or receive messages. … When you ignore a conversation, you won’t be notified when the person messages you directly, and the conversation will move to your connection requests. When you ignore a conversation, the person won’t be notified.
When you block someone on Messenger What do they see?
When you block someone on Messenger, the blocked person will not be able to see your Facebook and Messenger stories. So if you post something on the Facebook story — where you haven’t blocked the person, they can’t see that as well, forget about Messenger story.
What does Messenger connected mean?
A Messenger connection is someone who you’ve communicated with on the Messenger app, on messenger.com or messages on Facebook from your computer. … Accepting a message request. When you reply to a message request from someone, they become a Messenger connection. | <urn:uuid:a45b3638-25d4-480f-b846-991c67c33879> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://goyalassociatesltd.com/digital-currency/what-does-messenger-share-mean.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.889477 | 684 | 1.59375 | 2 |
On one of the local National Public Radio stations here in Atlanta metropolitan area, there is a show called Political Rewind. On that show, distinguished panelists (political consultants, former officeholders, political science professors, etc.), talk about what is going on in Georgia politics and nationally as well. Today, they were talking about Republicans in Georgia being very interested in emulating what the Governor of Florida has done with respect to parental rights laws so that people do not have to wear masks and not be subject to mask mandates. The question arises whether the ADA or the Rehabilitation Act can be used as a sword to stop such efforts. Matthew Dietz, some of whose cases I have blogged on in the past, is trying to do precisely that with a complaint filed on August 6, 2021, in the Southern District of Florida. So, what this blog entry is going to do is discuss the complaint and present some of my own thoughts. Of course for purposes of this blog entry, the allegations in the complaint are being taken as true. It remains for litigation to sort all of that out. As usual, the blog entry is divided into categories and they are: the parties; historical background for complaint; key allegations; ADA specific laws/regulation violated; Rehabilitation Act specific laws/regulation violated; and my thoughts/other points. It is hard to believe that the reader is not going to read the whole thing because it would be hard to make sense of it otherwise.
- The complaint can be found here.
- The complaint is for injunctive relief pursuant to the Rehabilitation Act and the ADA as well as Florida law.
- Plaintiffs are various students with disabilities with a variety of different conditions, including: Down syndrome; asthma; autism spectrum disorder; hyperkplexia; chronic kidney disease; ADHD; learning disabilities; speech impairments; Edwards syndrome; intellectual disability; a student with a tracheostomy; and anxiety.
- The defendants are: Governor of Florida; Florida Department of Education; and various County School Boards.
- The defendants all receive federal funds.
Historical Background for Complaint
- On July 30, 2021, the Florida governor issued an executive order in response to several Florida school board considering or implementing mask mandates in their school districts. In that order, the Florida governor contended that wearing a mask is a limitation on a parent’s fundamental right to make health and educational decisions for their children.
- As part of that executive order, the Florida governor ordered that all rules of the Department of Health must at a minimum be in accordance with the Florida’s Parent Bill of Rights and protect parental rights to make decisions regarding masking of their children in relation to Covid-19.
- As a penalty for noncompliance, the Florida governor directed its Commissioner of Education to withhold state funds from school boards that failed to comply, including: state funds, discretionary grant funds, discretionary lottery fund, or any other funds specified for that purpose by the legislature.
- The Florida Department of Education has not extended funding for distance learning into the 2021-2022 school year.
- On June 29, 2021, the Governor of Florida signed into law the Parents Bill of Rights. That law prevents Florida from infringing on the fundamental rights of a parent to direct the upbringing, education, healthcare or mental health of the minor child.
- Districts who have asked if they could offer live synchronous or asynchronous instruction with the same curriculum as in-person instruction and the ability to interact with the student’s teacher and peers have been refused the ability to do so by the Florida Department of Education.
- Coronavirus cases are sky high in FL (not the words used in the complaint of course, but accurate).
- The US Department of Education has issued a roadmap for returning student to school safely, with the first priority being the health and safety of students, staff and educators.
- The CDC now recommends that masks should be worn indoors no matter what is the person’s vaccination status. The CDC and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend universal masking in schools for anyone over the age of two.
- IDEA, the ADA, and §504 impose an obligation on public schools to ensure that all children with disabilities have a free and appropriate public education in the most integrated and least restrictive environment.
- The Governor of Florida does not have the authority to threaten school districts with loss of funding when they protect their students with disabilities health and rights to be in an integrated learning environment.
- The order means that many IEP and 504 plans simply will not be able to be carried out.
- The order violates 28 C.F.R. §35.130(b)(3) by imposing criteria or methods of administration that defeat the purpose of laws upholding the rights of children with disabilities.
- The order violates the supremacy clause under the U.S. Constitution.
- By refusing to allow school districts to implement mask mandates, the Governor of Florida has placed a legal barrier for students with disabilities that prevents students with disability from returning to public schools.
- Virtual programs do not provide students with disabilities a free appropriate public education and there are no virtual programs available to those students who are on a modified curriculum.
- The Florida virtual school does not provide any classes for students who are on the Access Point curriculum (a curriculum often used for students with disabilities).
- Vouchers are not a viable alternative because when a parent except a voucher, they waive their right to a free appropriate public education. Also, parents must have the financial means to transport their child to a private school and pay the extra expenses not covered by the voucher. They also must find a private school willing to accept their disabled child.
- While all kids are at increased risk of Covid-19 due to the fact that anyone under 12 is not yet eligible to be vaccinated, children with disabilities are at an even more increased risk. For example, studies have shown that children with Down syndrome are 10 times more likely to be hospitalized and four times more likely to die if they get Covid-19 and that was before the Delta variant.
ADA Specific Laws/Regulations Violated
- Failure to make reasonable modifications under the circumstances when required. (28 C.F.R. §35.130(b)(7); 34 C.F.R. §104.34(a).
- Excluding plaintiffs from participation in public education. (42 U.S.C. §12132; 28 C.F.R. §35.130; 34 C.F.R. §104.34(a)).
- Administering a policy that has the effect of subjecting qualified individuals with disabilities to discrimination on the basis of disability that also has the purpose or effect of defeating or substantially impairing accomplishment of the objectives of the public entity’s program with respect to individuals with disabilities. (28 C.F.R. §35.130(b)(3)).
- Failing to permit a public entity to administer services, program, and activities in the most integrated setting appropriate to the needs of qualified individuals with disabilities. (28 C.F.R. §35.130(d); 34 C.F.R. §104.34(a).
- Utilizing criteria or methods of administration that have the effect of subjecting qualified individuals with disabilities to discrimination on the basis of disability and/or perpetuating the discrimination of another public entity if both public entities are subject to common administrative control or agencies of the same State. (28 C.F.R. §35.130(b)(3)(i), (iii)).
- Failing to administer services, programs, and activities in the most integrated setting appropriate to the needs of qualified individuals with disabilities (28 C.F.R. §35.130(d)).
- Preventing the district from providing a qualified individual with a disability with an aid, benefit, or service that is not as effective in affording equal opportunity to obtain the same result, to gain the same benefit, to read the same level of achievement that provided others. (28 C.F.R. §35.130(b)(1)(iii)
Rehabilitation Act Specific Laws/Regulations Violated
- 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.
- Failing to make reasonable modifications. (34 C.F.R. §104.34(a)).
- Excluding plaintiffs from participation in public education. (34 C.F.R. §104.34(a)).
- Failing to make its services, program, and activities readily accessible individuals with disabilities. (34 C.F.R. §104.34(a)).
- Failure to provide a free appropriate public education. (34 C.F.R. §104.33).
My Thoughts/Other Points
- Florida Educational Equity Act claims also alleged.
- Causation under the Rehabilitation Act is, “solely by reason of.” This is an important distinction from the ADA’s “on the basis of,” especially after Bostock as we discussed here.
- The complaint is strictly for injunctive relief. That is probably due to the need to get around sovereign immunity.
- The ADA actually has nothing to do with a free appropriate public education. That said, the IDEA and the Rehabilitation Act by way of regulations, certainly do. Also, the ADA does have an integration in the least restrictive environment mandate per Olmstead.
- Plaintiffs have filed a motion for preliminary injunction, which has been hung up on procedural issues. Nevertheless, expect such a motion to be heard at some point.
- The lack of a distance-learning option may well be a very critical factor. In other places, distance-learning might be available. Whether such distance-learning would be sufficient to satisfy a free appropriate public education is another question.
- One wonders why employees of the various defendants are not filing with OSHA for unsafe workplaces especially since OSHA has said they will echo the CDC guidelines, which are certainly not being followed in Florida. One also wonders whether a similar approach to this case might not work for employees with disabilities utilizing the title I construct and the title I laws/regulations/guidances
- One also wonders why a constitutional law action is not part of the case. For example, there is no equal protection claim filed. I am sure there were strategic reasons for not doing that, but I don’t know what they were offhand.
- The Department of Education’s Rehabilitation Act regulations for preschool-12 can be found at 34 C.F.R. part 104.31-39.
- There is a reference to 29 U.S.C. §706 in the complaint. I’m wondering if that is not a typo because I cannot figure out what it refers to. 29 U.S.C. §706 refers to allotment percentages. I wonder if §705 was not meant instead with respect to how the Rehabilitation Act defines a person with a disability. Also, §504 the Rehabilitation Act is 29 U.S.C. §794 with the remedies provisions being 29 U.S.C. §794a.
- There is some case law out there that the auxiliary aids section of the ADA only applies to those with communication disabilities and not to disabilities in general.
- Anti-masks laws and rules are an issue throughout the South/Southwest. For example, Texas has such rules. Arkansas has a statute that the Governor of Arkansas has expressed regret about that law’s wide ranging impact and has suggested rolling it back with respect to schools being able to make their own calls to manage the Covid-19 pandemic. Both Arkansas and Texas are seeing huge surges in Covid-19. For that matter, the same is true for Georgia.
- Some technical concerns aside, what is happening here is a very creative approach that I believe stands a very good chance of success in light of the numerous data out there about how persons with disabilities in general have been suffering tremendously with respect to their education during the pandemic. Then, you throw in the Covid-19 pandemic, how it is spreading, and the CDC guidelines. The combination of both may well be very persuasive. | <urn:uuid:a6514cf3-9ca5-4f54-bf11-e1ec077b5d4f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.texasbartoday.com/2021/08/ada-rehabilitation-act-overrule-anti-masks-mandates/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.950945 | 2,552 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Title: Experiences of a French Emigrant family in Ireland
Speaker: Paul Bosonnet
Date: Wednesday March 28th 8pm
Venue: Town Hall Balbriggan
Our first talk of 2018 is "Experiences of a French Emigrant family in Ireland" by Paul Bosonnet and takes place on Wednesday next the 28th at 8pm in the Town Hall Balbriggan, All the Bosonnets in Ireland are descended from one Ancestor, Jean Bosonnet (1791-1866) BA Professor of Languages, who arrived in Dublin with his wife and daughter in the mid 1830s. They left Taninges, France to escape persecution and settled initially in Dundalk and later in Dublin in the East Wall area. There were also a number of prominent persons living in the immediate areas associated with the family during this period - Sean O Casey, James Joyce, Canon Hall and Matt Talbot. This talk, as well as telling the family’s story, will give an insight into life in Ireland in the mid to late 19th century. Paul Bosonnet is a retired engineer who has carried out extensive research into the family in both Dublin and Dundalk liaising with the local archivist in Dundalk He is in touch with the family in Taninges and has conducted research with a local historian there. Jean Bosonnet was Paul's great great grandfather, and the Bosonnet Family from Balbriggan are also connected.
Images of a monument to the Bosonnet family in France, the family grave in Glasnevin and an image of some of the family in 1867 at the Superintendents House Dublin Zoo
Quiz Night Thursday April 12th Milestone Inn
Do you fancy testing your extensive knowledge of people and places or facts and figures? Or just fancy a fun night out? Come along to our Quiz on Thursday April 12th at 8pm upstairs in The Milestone Inn. Who knows it might result in an historic victory - if only in the raffle! First round starting at 8.30 sharp, €10 per person, teams of 4 and don’t worry if you don’t have a team we can arrange this on the night. Our quiz last year was a great night so don’t miss it.
If you would like to join our society it costs €15 per annum, €10 Students and OAP’s, €20 for a family This entitles you to free entrance to our 6 talks per year , usually the last Wednesday in the months - March. April. May, August, September and October, but you are welcome to attend individual talks for €5. We also have a summer day trip as well as historical walks and other events.
Dates for your diary: For our May 30th talk we have our well known member Rory McKenna speaking on the Balbriggan Foreshore Dispute 1874-76. On August 29th our newest committee member Íde Ní Liathain, from Balbriggan Library, will speak about the 1918 Election. The Sack of Balbriggan in 1920 was a huge event in the history of the town and as we approach the centenary in 2020 we will be including this topic in our schedule each year. On September 26th Jim Walsh will give us a talk where he will share some of his latest research on the topic.
Be sure to spread the word about our Society and our events.
Le gach dea-ghuí | <urn:uuid:6ff489db-c99b-4eaf-930e-000503a837de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theraven.ie/post/upcoming-events-with-balbriggan-historical-society | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.966178 | 730 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Market crash? – depends who blinks first
Although the GrowthRater is a relative engine to establish stock valuation and risk relative to to broader market equity returns, that doesn’t mean we aren’t keenly aware of what these are, or might become, it is just that we do not impose our view on whether this is good or bad on the investment process. A common question that we often see asked is whether the market is cheap or expensive when framed against that favourite pricing metric, the PE ratio, which is currently standing near a 10 year high. On our non-financials coverage universe, which is across 10 global sectors and markets with a combined market value of over 7tn and sales of over $6tn, provides what ought to be a reasonably representative sample, we have the ‘adjusted’ PE ratio to be currently trading at just under 19x 2016 ‘adjusted’ earnings. ‘Adjusted’, that is to exclude largely self certified ‘exceptional’ and non-trading items including amortised acquired goodwill, but including stock compensation expense which some US group’s like to exclude.
Unfortunately, whilst popular,the question is framed around an inappropriate metric. An early lesson I learnt in finance was that returns need always to be measured on a relative basis. What was an attractive yield a decade ago, may not be so compelling today if a better return from a comparable instrument is now available. Of course, in the current financial environment, the reverse would apply. What this means, is that the equity market is not cheap or expensive by virtue of whether it is currently at a medium term high against a probably flawed post interest earnings metric, but how the cash return plus the expected growth compares with a risk free proxy such as a long dated government bond. Frame the question around these and you might get a very different perspective on where equities are priced. It also gets the investors back to trying to second guess the key principal driver to valuations, the cost of capital and the distorting effects of central banks/governments interfering with what used to be taken as a proxy for a risk free return, the long dated government bond (and indexed linked). Welcome to the world of financial repression where governments (let’s be honest about who are really behind this) monetise their deficits by punishing savers and rewarding the feckless under the pretext of saving the economy and stimulating growth; which is just a euphemism for encouraging consumers to load up with ever more debt and drive investors into increasingly risky assets and for companies to buy-back their shares rather than invest in improving capacity. The implication for equity investors, is that notwithstanding the fall in the running yield (OpFCF) on equities since 2011, the relative return against the risk free return is approaching 3ppts, which is almost three times the premium equities were standing on in the half decade ahead of the 2008 financial crisis. Perhaps equities are not so expensive after all!
The return premium on equities however, is more than just the running yield gap between the normalised operating free cash flow yield on equities versus the redemption yield on long gilts or treasuries, as equities cash flows are hopefully growing in real terms. Despite a significant, but measurable level of cyclical volatility, the longer term real organic growth in equity Op FCF ought to match the broader economy, which with global population growth of over +1.1% pa has been sustaining a relatively steady longer term real rate of growth around +2-3% CAGR. Including the prospective inflation expectation built into the long bond/gilt market (long fixed less long indexed linked yields) of approaching 3% pa and one should be looking to add a nominal trend growth of approx +5% to the current 4.5-5.0% OpFCF yield on equities. While deflationary junkies would argue for a lower inflationary assumption, this is not what is actually being implied by bond markets and might be a case of recency bias and falling for central bank spin.
Taking the current market long bond yields and equity earnings expectations and the forward ECC may have been declining consecutively now for about four years, but is still slightly ahead of the absolute rate over most of the decade ahead of the 2008 financial crisis. Exclude the long bond yield and the implied equity risk premium is at an all time high of around 8%. If one takes recency bias to extremes and assume both equity earnings expectations and current market bond yields are sustainable, then this would not seem to suggest an imminent demise of equity prices, at least on valuation grounds.
This of course highlights the pernicious effect of financial repression in distorting the pricing of risk and an increasing misallocation of capital. For what was originally sold as a temporary liquidity fix has morphed into a funding support for structural deficits from which governments and central banks now seem incapable, or at least unwilling, to ween themselves from. This is a world where over $13 tn of government bonds are priced on a negative yield, notwithstanding continued increases in deficit spending which will only deteriorate further as rising age demographics threaten to double the ratio of retirees vs working age groups across developed markets over the next 10-15 years. The traditional solution by politicians has been to accelerate immigration to help offset this trend, although recent attempts at this in both Europe and the US appear to have provoked a sizeable popular back-lash, which in Europe at least, threatens the very existence of the EU in its current form, and as a consequence, also the Euro and ECB. Take away the ECB with its support for Southern European deficit funding and sub-prime auto loans and equity markets could face a double whammy of a reset in bond yields (and risk free return assumptions) at the same time as consumption and equities earnings forecasts are hammered – a very nasty combination. Markets understand this will end badly and that the longer the proverbial can is kicked down the road, the more difficult it will be to engineer a soft landing, but the continued pursuit of the strategy by Japan, the ECB and PBoC suggests that ultimately it will be left to currency markets to restore fiscal discipline to governments. In the meantime, in between chasing the carry trade of cheap debt to buy a higher equity running yield, investors might also wish to keep an eye on how the ECC and risk premium could look like an a slightly less favourable bond yield and earnings outlook. In the below chart I have included a normalisation of long bond yields back up to 4% while also including a -30% cut in market earnings spread over 2017 and 2018 by way of example.
Markets aren’t dumb and know there will be a probably painful reset. Investors are being starved of returns however, and like the animal at the water-hole, need to drink and will pursue the carry-trade until the last moment and beyond, hoping central banks defer the inevitable because all are playing the game. The problem though may be that this places enormous trust in the US that it won’t ask for its ball back. The market’s assumption seems to be that the Fed is caught in an easing cycle that it can’t escape and that beyond the endless warnings of an imminent rate increase it will keep rates low and continue to pump liquidity into markets and thereby financial repression and asset prices. With every weak data point, such as auto sales or non-farm payrolls or external event such as Brexit or falling oil prices, markets see take this as further evidence that the game has further to run, particularly as NIRP policies in Europe and Japan take pressure off the US dollar.
To assume that the US is so desperate to support global growth that it is trapped into a perpetual low rate strategy however, may be to fundamentally misunderstand its key priority; that of the US dollar and its unrivalled position as global reserve currency – but more on this another time. | <urn:uuid:4e1fa23c-ff86-4dd8-b791-4efb22dec13c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://growthrater.com/market-crash-depends-blinks-first/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.958003 | 1,618 | 1.578125 | 2 |
There are lots of impacts on style, from the existing trend for denim jeans to the styles of the day. Celebrities affect fashion, as well as fashion is a large part of the media. In the 1960s, brief skirts and also boots from England made it to the paths of Paris. Now, hip-hop music is making its means onto the paths of Haute Couture fashion displays in Milan and London. As well as we can’t fail to remember television programs and movies: they form our opinion of what we need to wear.
Maternity is a time of shift, as well as ladies’s garments needs to fit their expanding stubborn belly. During pregnancy, women need to use clothes with a loosened up fit, but still be fashionable. There are several styles for pregnant ladies, consisting of the Lolita fashion, which includes huge ladies dressed up like little ladies in the Victorian period. Lolita clothing feature frilly petticoats, puffy sleeves, adorable headwear, printed socks, as well as collars.
Tucks are an additional method to manipulate volume in garments. They are produced by folding fabric in half and stitching a row of stitches alongside the layer. After the sewing is full, the volume of the textile will be launched. Tucks are smaller sized than pleats, typically only an inch wide, as well as are usually made in one location instead of on the whole garment. Unlike pleats, tucks can additionally be turned exterior as decoration.
Regardless of its different interpretations, the word “fashion” has actually become identified with the existing style in clothing. According to sociologists, fashion is a prominent style that a a great deal of people adopt within a limited period of time. But it does not exist in all societies. In Western Europe, style appears to have begun in the late middle ages. While the upper class was responsible for the earliest fashions, the lower ranks soon copied them, a procedure called “drip down”.
The apparel industry is a huge global sector and is divided into four fundamental degrees: the production of raw materials, the manufacture of style goods, retail sales, marketing, and also promo. It covers all types of garments, from haute couture and developer garments to every-day apparel. There are numerous specialized markets of the fashion business, but the usual objective is to meet the consumer demand for clothing while operating at a profit. The industry is defined by several elements, including style, style, and also shade.
An additional type of style is known as “Kawaii” or cutesy. The term “kawaii” originated in the British working course and also is currently extensively approved throughout the world. Kawaii fashion is associated with a pop-culture aesthetic of colorful, one-of-a-kind pieces. To put it simply, it is adorable, lovely, and a little bit childlike. Style can be a fantastic method to reveal on your own. So, whatever your design, embrace the pattern!
Whether you want getting clothes, styling on your own, or promoting a company, you’ve no doubt encountered the term “fashion.” Yet what does it imply? Style is a way of producing something promptly, with whatever is at hand. In this post, we’ll cover some basic terms as well as review how to end up being a fashion expert. Hopefully, you’ll have the ability to sound like an industry expert! Style terminology can aid you come to be extra successful in business of fashion!
It has actually been stated that modifications in vogue reflect modifications in society and the financial passions of stylist. Others have thought that style changes are driven by inner preference systems, without any social modification. One noteworthy instance is the study by Stanley Lieberman of the fashions in kids’s given names, which shows that fashion has really little to do with commercial passions. Yet there are many elements of style that are constant – and some that are much more permanent than others.
Geek style is best for the geek in your life. Whether you’re a college student or workaholic, geek style has something for you. It includes saggy trousers, large spectacles, hair slides, and slouches – whatever makes you comfortable! And it is not as well official or stylish, which is a large consider geek fashion. Fashion fads are not the very same in every sector. Just bear in mind to put on comfortable clothes that are appropriate for your job!
Fashion has to do with just how we dress, decorum, and also actions as a whole. Typically, it suggests complying with a trend, despite whether it is appropriate for our own way of living. Nonetheless, a person can be stylish as well as stylish, but might not necessarily be a “style symbol.”
A timeless instance of a trend is a logo. Initially, these were considered tabo trends now, the logo design is back. In 2022, logos will certainly be big again as well as will be seen on numerous pieces of clothing, from jeans to jeans. For those thinking about welcoming ’80s nostalgia, logos are coming to be a preferred style fad. In 2022, expect to see oversized sleeves as well as ’80s recommendations surging across the runways.
Just like every pattern, there are numerous sub-categories in the fashion business. Trends in the arts, sporting activities, and songs industries are mainly driven by these fads. Whether you’re an artist, a developer, or an imaginative business owner, the present fashion landscape is improving the method we dress. In the past, fads in fashion were derived from paths and also fashion publications, but the impact of social networks as well as streetwear culture have actually changed the rules. acrylic powder brands
Exotic apparel is another type of fashion. In this style, individuals use apparel no person else has seen prior to. It’s dark and mysterious and includes strong colors and also elaborate embroidery. Unique fashions are not just for artists as well as hippies, however can be used by stars and designs. They’re also prominent amongst pregnant females who wish to accommodate a growing stubborn belly. As well as Lolita fashion is when big ladies dress like little girls. They wear dresses with puffy sleeves, frilly waistcoats, and also charming headwear. | <urn:uuid:5c154080-95d7-4d56-98d4-7a264f98dfb7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wittgallery.com/2022/05/14/belows-what-nobody-tells-you-around-fashion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.971158 | 1,319 | 2.171875 | 2 |
- Open Access
The treatment of severe child aggression (TOSCA) study: Design challenges
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health volume 5, Article number: 36 (2011)
Polypharmacy (the concurrent use of more than one psychoactive drug) and other combination interventions are increasingly common for treatment of severe psychiatric problems only partly responsive to monotherapy. This practice and research on it raise scientific, clinical, and ethical issues such as additive side effects, interactions, threshold for adding second drug, appropriate target measures, and (for studies) timing of randomization. One challenging area for treatment is severe child aggression. Commonly-used medications, often in combination, include psychostimulants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and alpha-2 agonists, which vary considerably in terms of perceived safety and efficacy.
In designing our NIMH-funded trial of polypharmacy, we focused attention on the added benefit of a second drug (risperidone) to the effect of the first (stimulant). We selected these two drugs because their associated adverse events might neutralize each other (e.g., sleep delay and appetite decrease from stimulant versus sedation and appetite increase from antipsychotic). Moreover, there was considerable evidence of efficacy for each drug individually for the management of ADHD and child aggression. The study sample comprised children (ages 6-12 years) with both diagnosed ADHD and disruptive behavior disorder (oppositional-defiant or conduct disorder) accompanied by severe physical aggression. In a staged sequence, the medication with the least problematic adverse effects (stimulant) was openly titrated in 3 weeks to optimal effect. Participants whose behavioral symptoms were not normalized received additional double-blind medication, either risperidone or placebo, by random assignment. Thus children whose behavioral symptoms were normalized with stimulant medication were not exposed to an antipsychotic. All families participated in an empirically-supported parent training program for disruptive behavior, so that the actual comparison was stimulant+parent training versus stimulant+antipsychotic+parent training.
We hope that the resolutions of the challenges presented here will be useful to other investigators and facilitate much-needed research on child psychiatric polypharmacy.
The Treatment of Severe Child Aggression (TOSCA) study is a four-site NIMH-funded investigation of staged polypharmacy with stimulant and antipsychotic medication with adjunctive behavioral treatment (parent training, PT). Development of the protocol encountered numerous scientific, clinical, and ethical problems that were resolved through iterative review cycles and 7 years of cross-site teleconferences. The solutions, which may be useful to other investigators and clinicians, are presented here in the interests of evaluating this and other forms of polypharmacy.
Pharmacologic Treatment of ADHD, Disruptive Behavior Disorders, and Aggression
Approximately one half of all referred children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present with comorbid oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD) or conduct disorder (CD), known collectively as disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) . Among the many psychosocial interventions for these disorders, PT in behavior management (also known as parent management training) is one of the most effective [2–4]. The literature suggests that such psychosocial interventions are the first line of treatment for a DBD; however, maximal effectiveness is often only achieved over time and may even be ineffective in diminishing high levels of aggression . Data from ADHD studies suggest that concurrent medication may boost the effectiveness of behavioral treatment , and in the case of comorbid ADHD and DBD, a combination of medication and behavioral treatment is necessary for an optimal effect . A combination intervention may also result in the use of lower overall doses of medication to achieve the same response associated with monotherapy [8, 9].
Much research has been devoted to pharmacotherapy for aggressive behavior in prepubertal children in part because it is associated with significant immediate impact in academic and social functioning and considerable psychosocial burden. More troubling is the lack of spontaneous remission and consequent later delinquency, substance abuse, sexual promiscuity, and other psychopathology . Research has focused predominantly on four classes of medication: psychostimulants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and α-2 agonists.
Psychostimulants, including methylphenidate and amphetamine preparations, are the most commonly-prescribed medications for treating ADHD and boast a large volume of literature supporting their efficacy . Longer-term safety and efficacy has also been demonstrated in multiple investigations [13, 14]. Although stimulants have been shown to ameliorate aggressive behavior in children with ADHD, comorbidity with CD is associated with lessened efficacy . For example, a large, rigorous study of psychostimulants in children with both ADHD and CD found that active medication was superior to placebo in reducing symptoms of both disorders, though symptoms of CD at endpoint were not generally normalized .
Lithium was the first mood stabilizer shown to be effective in reducing aggressive behavior in children with CD in the 1980s [17–19], though at least one trial found no difference from placebo over two weeks . Methodologically rigorous studies of divalproex found it to be superior to placebo in treating explosive temper and mood lability and CD in adolescents. Both divalproex and lithium require vigilant blood monitoring, which is unappealing to many patients and professionals. Mixed evidence has been found for carbamazepine, which was shown to be effective in a pilot study , but a later double-blind, placebo-controlled study failed to demonstrate effectiveness . Overall, certain mood stabilizers may deserve further study, but their potential for serious adverse events (AEs) makes other drug classes more attractive.
Alpha-2 agonists (e.g., clonidine and guanfacine) alone are effective in treating ADHD symptoms [25, 26], although usually less so than psychostimulants. A pilot study produced preliminary support for clonidine alone or in combination with stimulant for treating ADHD and DBD . In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Hazell and Stuart showed a significant effect of clonidine on parent-rated conduct symptoms (but not on teacher ratings of CD). Both guanfacine extended release (XR) and clonidine XR have FDA approval for ADHD [29, 30]. The α-2 agonists deserve further study in co-morbid ADHD plus DBD.
Atypical antipsychotics are putatively more attractive than conventional antipsychotics due to reduced risk of extrapyramidal side effects. Olanzapine, quetiapine, and aripiprazole all have some evidence to support their efficacy in treating aggressive behavior, but many of the studies are open-label or retrospective chart reviews . Weight gain is the most commonly observed AE with these medications.
In children, risperidone is the most frequently studied of the atypical antipsychotics. The first study of risperidone in children with CD found it to be superior to placebo in reducing parent- and clinician-rated measures of aggressive behavior . Several large, randomized controlled trials have been completed in the intervening decade. Two studies showed risperidone to be superior to placebo in ameliorating hostile and aggressive behavior in children with DBD and subaverage IQ [33, 34]. Open-label 48 week follow-ups of both studies found risperidone to be well-tolerated and effective [35, 36]. Significant AEs include weight gain and elevated prolactin levels. However, pooled data suggested that risperidone does not negatively impact either growth or sexual maturation in children and adolescents over the long term . Although risperidone has the most positive evidence of the atypical antipsychotics and is the most studied, the possible weight gain (with risk of consequent metabolic syndrome) and increased prolactin levels warrant continued monitoring. It is also worth noting that much of the research on atypical antipsychotics has been carried out in samples with below-average IQ; there are few high-quality data in samples with average IQ.
Despite the well-documented efficacy of stimulant monotherapy, a considerable number of youth with both ADHD and aggression continue to manifest symptoms and impairment [38, 39]. A meta-analysis of 28 studies demonstrated that effect sizes vary widely in treatment for aggression in children with ADHD, which leaves a clinical quandary of what to do with non-responders .
Polypharmacy is common in most areas of medicine (e.g., cardiology, cancer, or seizure treatment), and is becoming more widespread and respectable in psychiatry despite a previous pejorative connotation. One possible reason for the lag in polypharmacy psychiatric research is a relative lack of interest by drug companies in mental health. In a United States-based survey from the early 2000s, over 40% of child and adolescent psychiatric patients were prescribed two or more medications . Patients with chronic and clinically complex conditions were more likely to receive concomitant pharmacotherapy. In an analysis of annual data from the 1996-2007 United States National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys, there was an increase in the percentage of pediatric patients who were prescribed medication from at least two psychotropic drug classes . During the 12-year period, multiclass psychotropic treatment rose from 14% of visits to 20%.
Combined pharmacotherapy is often used in patients who demonstrate only partial response to monotherapy, but is also useful in a variety of other contexts, including the treatment of comorbid disorders and as adjunctive therapy associated with adverse events. Combining medications with different mechanisms of action makes conceptual sense in refractory cases, and combinations of drugs with reciprocally neutralizing adverse events (AEs; e.g., blood pressure, pulse, weight, and sedation) are particularly appealing. Nevertheless, despite widespread polypharmacy, there are few published data about controlled polypharmacy or co-administration trials in ADHD and/or DBDs; the available literature is reviewed below.
The different mechanisms of action of psychostimulants and α2-adrenoceptor agonists may lead to additive beneficial effects treating ADHD and/or associated problems and has become common clinical practice. The joint use of an α-2 agonist and a psychostimulant for ADHD and DBD has been tentatively endorsed by some treatment guidelines [42, 43]. Both guanfacine XR and extended-release clonidine are FDA-approved as both adjunctive therapy and monotherapy for treating ADHD. Several trials have shown alpha-agonist and psychostimulant to be more effective than monotherapy in reducing ADHD symptoms [44–46].
Mood stabilizers have also been considered as adjuncts to psychostimulant treatment. Following an open lead-in of psychostimulant, Blader et al. randomized children and adolescents with ADHD and aggression to an 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of divalproex. Remission was observed in nearly 60% of children randomized to divalproex, compared to 15% of the placebo group. Divalproex was associated with higher rates of sadness and insomnia than placebo.
Considerable attention has been given to adjunctive atypical antipsychotic use in children and adolescents . For example, Kronenberger and associates added quetiapine to methylphenidate treatment-resistant adolescents with ADHD, DBD, and aggression. The combination was more effective in control of both ADHD and aggressive symptoms than the methylphenidate alone. Two studies focused largely on the tolerability/safety of using stimulants and atypical antipsychotics. In a naturalistic study, Penzner et al. examined children and adolescents receiving various atypical antipsychotics and concurrent stimulants. At 12 weeks, stimulant co-administration did not alter the effects of the antipsychotic on body composition or metabolic indices. However, a similar study found disparate results . Despite the use of low antipsychotic doses, concomitant stimulants, and initially low body mass index z-scores, a significant proportion of children treated with combined atypical antipsychotic and stimulant developed one or more criteria for metabolic syndrome. Thus, metabolic and weight gain issues remain of critical importance despite coadministration of psychostimulant.
Although these studies help to frame key issues regarding the use of polypharmacy in treating ADHD with DBD, they also have limitations involving (a) blinded status, (b) randomization, (c) placebo control, (d) sequential titration of medications, and/or (e) longer-term follow-up to ascertain ongoing efficacy and safety of chronic use.
It is a curious fact members of the scientific community have engaged in few broadly-based and vigorous examinations of the merits and liabilities associated with polypharmacy for treating young people with psychiatric problems. Although there are some preliminary data, existing studies are limited in advancing such a discussion. We hope that the following study will help to inform the discussion about the use of a common form of polypharmacy for managing aggression and hostility associated with co-morbid ADHD and DBD.
Final Study Design
Figure 1 shows the final design of the parallel-groups randomized clinical trial. The participants were 160 children aged 6 to 12 years (inclusive), with ADHD, ODD or CD, and significant aggressive behavior. Significant aggressive behavior was defined as a score of three or greater on the Modified Overt Aggression Scale and a score greater than 26 (> 90th percentile) on the Nisonger Child Behavior Checklist Disruptive Total (NCBRF D-Total) subscale. The children were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to two 9-week treatment strategies: stimulant alone for three weeks and, if residual symptoms remained, risperidone or placebo added for six weeks. Dosing for both medications was optimized by weight (see titration schedules in Table 1). Osmotic Release Oral System (OROS) methylphenidate (Concerta) was initiated at 18 mg each morning and titrated up to a limit of 54 mg or 72 mg (depending on weight) by Week 2. Risperidone was initiated at 0.5 mg each evening and titrated up to a total daily limit of 2.5 mg or 3.5 mg, depending on weight. Dosage was held at a lower level or reduced if limiting side effects developed or if clinical improvement left no meaningful room for further improvement. To be consistent with recommended practice and to keep the study ecologically valid, the parents/guardians of all participants received parent training (PT) in strategies of behavior management. The double-blind was maintained in a three-month extension for those deemed responders (CGI-I of 1 or 2, plus greater than 25% reduction in NCBRF D-Total) at Week 9. This extension provided the opportunity to observe whether the short-term effects were maintained over the medium-term. Finally, a one-year follow-up (Week 52) was sought for all participants, in order to assess feasibility, efficacy, and safety over the long term.
Trial Design Challenges
One challenging design issue was the selection of possible treatment arms. Beyond a simple placebo arm, there were several options under consideration, including: (a) random assignment to three conditions (each drug alone and their combination); (b) random assignment to two conditions, one drug alone or to both drugs; (c) random assignment to drug A with drug B to be added or the reverse; and (d) open-label administration of one drug with a randomly-assigned second drug (or placebo) to be added if needed at a predefined time with a predefined threshold. The first three options required exposure to both drugs by random assignment rather than demonstrated need. This was an ethical concern recognized by both the TOSCA investigators and the NIH review committee, and we therefore adopted the fourth option. We decided first to try the stimulant owing to its more favorable AE record and then to add the antipsychotic if needed. In order to remain in the stimulant-only condition, the child had to obtain a score within one-half standard deviation of the mean for a normative sample on the main outcome measure of ODD behaviors (including aggression; NCBRF D-Total) and a CGI Improvement rating of "Very much improved."
Timing of Randomization
A related issue pertained to the timing of randomization, which was partially determined by the review process. Once we decided the stimulant medication should be openly titrated and the second medicine (risperidone) added if needed, we proposed to randomize less-than-optimal stimulant responders to either risperidone or placebo for six weeks. This strategy seemed cleanest, with the intent-to-treat (ITT) analyses confined to stimulant poor responders, but the NIMH review committee was concerned about attrition before the randomization. Therefore, we decided to randomize enrolled subjects at baseline to the two treatment strategies: stimulant plus placebo versus stimulant plus risperidone. However, only those participants who evidenced less-than-optimal response to stimulant were actually given the second medication (placebo or risperidone). Details on the timing of second medication are discussed in a later section. In retrospect this strategy appears to have been unnecessary, as we had relatively little attrition prior to randomization. However, our adopted strategy had two related advantages: it is compatible with (though not identical to) the choices that a prescriber faces, and it directly answers the question of whether anticipating combined drug therapy from the beginning is a good treatment strategy.
Placebo or not?
An additional consideration we faced was the inclusion of a placebo arm. Ideally, it would be optimal to compare groups of children treated with each drug separately and their combination to a fourth group who received placebo only. A two-by-two design could accomplish this, using a double-placebo with all participants taking two kinds of pills, each of which could be either placebo or active. However this design would prescribe polypharmacy as a result of randomization rather than clinical need, leaving us with ethical reservations about exposing some patients to the added risk of the second drug unnecessarily. Conversely, because numerous well-controlled studies had established the efficacy of both drugs versus placebo, it could have been argued that a placebo-alone arm may have unnecessarily increased the cost of the study as well as delayed treatment for patients deemed sick enough to benefit from the combination of two drugs. Ultimately, the practical realities of conducting such a study determined the course of action. The funds that NIMH could afford to invest in TOSCA would not accommodate a placebo arm. In retrospect, this was fortunate, as many of the highly stressed and often fragile families who qualified for TOSCA have encountered difficulty adhering to treatment known to be active and would likely have found it impossible to weather a placebo assignment. Another benefit was incurred during recruitment because we were able to inform potential participants that everyone would get two treatments (PT and stimulant) and half would be randomized to get a third treatment if needed.
Selection of Psychosocial Treatment
The selection of concurrent PT was driven by two important factors. The most pressing was the desire to provide active therapy to participants randomized to the stimulant plus placebo arm. Also important, however, was the notion that federally-funded research is charged with examining treatments using best clinical practices. Owing to powerful cultural beliefs that DBDs are more environmentally driven than CNS diseases such as schizophrenia , we concluded that youth with aggression should be treated first with behavioral intervention prior to the administration of antipsychotic medication. Ultimately, this propelled us into a design that offered the best currently available interventions (PT and psychotropic medication).
We opted to use a conventional behavioral parent training approach that emphasized the basics of positive reinforcement, planned ignoring, promoting positive transitions, incentive systems, collaborative parent-child planning, and time-out . The approach used, an adaptation of Community Parent Education (COPE), provided for individual application to each family and child regardless of age, clinician modeling of the intervention, and parent-clinician role play practice of the intervention as applied to each child.
Medication selection was based in large part on the following: prior research demonstrating the efficacy of each drug's monotherapy, actual prescribing patterns in the United Sates (including polypharmacy), evidence for acceptability, and the possibility of beneficial interactive effects, both therapeutic and untoward, owing to diverse mechanisms of actions. Our initial choice was divalproex because of its common clinical use in the target population. However, in two consecutive submissions, individual reviewers were adamantly opposed to the choice of divalproex, citing adverse events and limited data supporting efficacy.
It was fortuitous that two of the most commonly prescribed drugs for child aggression may have potentially offsetting AEs. Stimulants may depress appetite, interfere with sleep, and induce rebound irritability (as they wear off at the end of the day). Conversely, antipsychotics may increase appetite, cause sedation, and have sufficiently long half-life to reduce the risk of withdrawal effects when treatment is abruptly terminated. This seemed to offer reasonable hope that the combination may be associated with fewer side effects than either alone; one aim of the study was to assess AEs as well as additive benefit. Additionally, the soaring popularity of atypical agents and attendant concerns of advocacy groups calling for more controlled trials in children made risperidone an obvious choice. Thus, we settled upon treatment with psychostimulant followed, if necessary, by risperidone versus placebo.
Although the stimulant of first choice in this trial was OROS methylphenidate owing primarily to its extended duration of action, it was not mandated in the protocol so as not to exclude children who had prior poor response or who had difficulty swallowing pills. It was required that the substituted medication be a stimulant because the addition of non-stimulant ADHD medications would have introduced "noise" into the analyses. In such cases, the dosage was matched in potency to the OROS methylphenidate taken by most other participants. This was consistent with common clinical practice in the United States, where a tolerable stimulant would ordinarily be sought before adding an antipsychotic.
Timing of Second Medication
It was necessary to decide how long to allow for an effect of stimulant before adding the second medication. The literature suggests the treatment effects of a given dose are observed within a day after initial administration . Therefore, we decided that stimulant monotherapy could be titrated within two weeks by making use of mid-week adjustments and allowing a third week to observe the effect of the optimal dose. At the end of Week 3 stimulant response was assessed and a decision made about adding the second medication. However, if the second drug was not needed at Week 3 and the child's behavior subsequently deteriorated on the optimal stimulant dose, the prescriber was able to add the second medication through the sixth week of the study. This would allow at least three weeks for detection of any effect that the second medication might have. This rescue policy was important because an ITT analysis was proposed to analyze the data from each child within the group to which (s)he was randomized, regardless of whether or not the second medication was actually taken. Therefore, constraining the addition of the second medication exclusively to the Week 3 visit would have had deleterious effects on our ability to show an additive effect, as well as doing the child a clinical disservice.
An important component of any study is the selection of appropriate measures. In the current study, it was necessary to assess multiple behavioral constructs. Additionally, the instruments used to assess AEs were required to span several categories relevant to both stimulant and antipsychotic medications. Here we present the rationale for the selection of our main study instruments.
Primary and Secondary Outcomes
Table 2 contains an abbreviated schedule of measures constrained to those relevant to polypharmacy issues. The main behavioral constructs of interest were symptoms of ADHD, ODD/CD, and aggression. To that end, the primary outcome measure was the parent-completed NCBRF Disruptive-Total score. The NCBRF for typically-developing children has one Prosocial subscale and six Problem Behavior subscales (Conduct Problem, Oppositional Behavior, Hyperactive, Inattentive, Overly Sensitive, and Withdrawn/Dysphoric). The D-Total is the sum of the Conduct Problem and Oppositional Behavior subscales. We felt that it represented the range of behaviors expected to improve with the combined treatment (i.e., pharmacological and behavioral). It has excellent psychometric characteristics and, based on findings with the developmental delay version in samples of children with cognitive delay , we expected it to be highly treatment-sensitive.
Secondary measures included the Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI) Severity and Improvement, and the Standard Observation Analogue Procedure (SOAP) . The Standard Observation Analogue Procedure (SOAP) is a direct observation procedure that provides an objective video record of caregiver-child interactions for purposes of assessing caregiver skill acquisition and child response to intervention. The SOAP was included to provide an objective index (coders are blinded to treatment assignment) that can be used to verify parent/teacher/clinician ratings of behavior. We also anticipated that the SOAP might be helpful in assessing change in parental behavior as a result of PT.
There is some evidence to suggest that certain subtypes of aggressive behavior might be more responsive to pharmacologic treatment . Thus, proactive and reactive aggression are assessed with the Antisocial Behavior Scale (ABS) , which contains a Proactive Aggression subscale (five proactive items and five covert antisocial items) and a Reactive Aggression subscale (six items). For a similar reason (i.e., potential moderation), the short version (27 items) of the MacMaster Family Assessment Device was used to characterize the family system, which is often chaotic in this study population and might influence response to treatment.
The Modified Overt Aggression Scale (M-OAS) has seven items: verbal assault; assaults against objects, against others, against self; global subjective irritability; global overt irritability, and suicidal tendencies. This study made use of three items: (a) assault against objects, (b) assault against others, and (c) assault against self. Each of the items is rated on a scale from zero (no events) to five, where a higher number indicates greater severity. We created an additional selection ("3b") wherein the rating is chosen if the child would have completed the behavior, but was prevented by the parent or caregiver; this rating was especially useful for younger children, whose behavior is perhaps more easily contained by parental intervention. The M-OAS has been used in a number of descriptive and pharmacological trials, but it has been used more in adults than for young persons. Thus, it was used in this study only as an entry threshold criterion (a score of three or greater on one or more of the items). This degree of aggression was considered ethically necessary to justify the risk of antipsychotic drug.
The population from which this study drew is diagnostically complex. The behaviors observed in children with ADHD and DBD are often similar to those found in mood disorders. Psychosis, mood disorder, and major depression were exclusionary in this study. We screened for these disorders in two ways: The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia [61, 62], a semi-structured diagnostic instrument administered to both parent/guardian and child by a trained interviewer with clinical experience, was the primary source of diagnostic information. A second screen for the presence of mood disorder was the parent-rated using the General Behavior Inventory .
The Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-4R (CASI-4R) is a 147-item parent- and teacher-completed rating scale for evaluating youth 5 to 18 years. Individual items bear one-to-one correspondence with DSM-IV symptoms. Therefore, parent and teacher reports on the ADHD and Peer Conflict scales (known together as the ADHD Symptom Checklist-4) were assessed at every study visit. In addition, the full CASI-4R was collected at key points in the study (screen, baseline, and endpoints). The CASI-4R subscales were a source of potential moderators of treatment response and helped us to detect pharmacological effects on a wide array of outcomes that might not otherwise be covered.
Although obtaining information from school personnel about therapeutic response and untoward reactions is for many an essential element in a best practices design, this can also create many challenges for longer-term designs. Limiting the completion of the full study to coincide with the school year would greatly restrict recruitment and increase cost burden. Our solution to this situation was to obtain diagnostic-related information (see Table 2) from the current teacher. During the clinical trial, ratings were obtained from teachers for all assessment periods for which school was in session, making accommodations for school holidays when necessary. This method of combining ratings from different sources is likely suboptimal; however, in some cases, this was the only viable alternative.
Adverse Events/Safety Assessment
Safety is a particularly important and understudied issue in polypharmacy. Due to the use of two separate drug classes, it was necessary to assess several areas of potential adverse events. A specific emphasis was placed on extrapyramidal symptoms, appetite, weight, sleep patterns, and metabolic aberrations, as these AEs are commonly associated with the study drugs. Two parent report AE scales were used; one specific to stimulants, the other specific to antipsychotics. Both were based on AEs listed in package inserts and were used in previous studies. Treatment-induced motor disturbances were assessed with three clinician-completed measures. The Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) is a standardized clinician-rated review of tremor, dyskinesia, and other "active" neuromotor side effects. The Simpson-Angus Rating Scale complements the AIMS in checking for "passive" extrapyramidal side effects (rigidity, dystonia, and abnormal glabellar reflex). The Barnes Akathisia Scale is a four-item scale with two items based on observation by the rater and two items reflecting the patient's experience of restlessness.
Clinical laboratory tests checked for metabolic effects of the antipsychotic, including complete blood count, liver enzymes, lipids, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and prolactin. All participants were administered an electrocardiogram at screen and endpoint. Vital signs included heart rate and blood pressure, possibly affected by both drugs. Given the prominence of weight change with both medications, height, weight, and hip-waist ratio were also collected.
In a two-drug additive design the primary analysis should measure the effect of the second drug when added to the first. This could be done in two ways. One would be to take a new baseline before the second drug is added and analyze the change score from the new baseline to endpoint between those receiving placebo and those receiving the second drug. Although this has the advantage of clearly focusing on additive effect, it is most appropriate if randomization occurs at the point of adding the second drug. Because we randomized before starting the first drug, we were comparing the monotherapy strategy to the strategy of adding a second drug if needed. Therefore we primarily compared the change scores in NCBRF D-total from Baseline to Week 9 between the two treatment strategies. Data from all randomized subjects were included based on ITT principles. Linear mixed effects models were used to analyze the repeatedly measured outcomes.
A preliminary statistical challenge was the power analysis, which had to be based on the expected additive effect. The additive effect can be quite different from the placebo-controlled effect size (ES) of either single drug. Further, the ES can be diminished by the concomitant parent training provided for ethical and recruitment reasons in this study. Aman, Binder, and Turgay showed an ES of Cohen's d = 0.81 when risperidone was added to pre-existing stimulant without PMT, but the stimulant was neither given prospectively nor was the dose optimized in that study. Taking into account the effect of PMT, we conservatively estimated an ES of Cohen's d = 0.5 for the difference between treatment with one and two drugs, where there would be a difference of 5.5 and a common standard deviation of 11 in the NCBRF D-Total change scores between the two treatment groups. With complete data on 124 subjects (64 per group), we would be able to detect such an ES with 80% power using a two-sample t-test at a two-sided type I error rate of 0.05. To allow for a possible 20% dropout rate prior to the second drug, we recruited about 80 subjects per group. Randomization at baseline was blocked on site and diagnosis (ODD vs. CD) to allow for post-hoc tests of differential treatment effects. Linear mixed effects models can handle missing data based on the untestable assumption that unobserved values are missing at random, though efforts were made to minimize missing data during the trial. Last-observation-carried-forward was used to check the sensitivity of the primary analysis to the assumption that data were missing at random.
The study design developed for TOSCA also posed unique challenges for cross-site study monitoring. As in any medication trial, it was important to insure that the titration protocol was followed uniformly across sites for both medications. In this regard, it was particularly challenging to ensure that the first medication was adequately titrated before the second medication was added, because the protocol prohibited dose increases of stimulant following the addition of risperidone/placebo.
The multiple decision points in this study dictated different definitions of "responder." At the Week 3 visit, children with a CGI-I of 1 and a NCBRF D-Total score below 15 (e.g., within 0.5 SD of the normative mean) were considered superb responders to stimulant, not requiring the second medication; by protocol, others were to receive the second drug. Our rationale was that we wanted to test the advantage of the second medication if there was room for improvement. A different definition of "responder" was used at the Week 9 decision point. Children with a CGI-I of 1 or 2 and a NCBRF D-Total score that was improved at least 25% relative to baseline were considered responders at Week 9 and were enrolled in the three-month Extension; others exited the study to personalized clinical care. These different definitions of clinical responder added a degree of complexity not usually found in drug studies. Thus cross-site fidelity monitoring was needed to verify that the two different definitions of responder were applied at their appropriate decision points.
The use of polypharmacy to treat disruptive behavior disorders and ADHD has become standard practice in the United States without adequate pertinent data. The existing literature provides some support, but also suggests concerns. Rigorous studies of polypharmacy are complicated by scientific, ethical, and practical issues. Scientific challenges include the choice of drugs, dosing and timing of the combination, assessment of drug effects, and the advisability of a placebo. Ethical concerns regarding the possible unnecessary addition of a second drug or the lack of a necessary addition (i.e., placebo) in severe cases are important considerations in the trial design. Finally, practical challenges such as the additional expense of a second medication, the concern of regulatory bodies such as institutional review boards or data safety monitoring boards regarding polypharmacy, and the administration of several treatments concomitantly are unique to polypharmacy studies. We hope that the resolutions of these challenges presented here will be useful to other investigators and facilitate much-needed research on polypharmacy.
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Dr. Aman receives or received research support, acted as a consultant, and/or served on a speaker's board for Bristol-Myers Squibb, Research support; Johnson & Johnson, research support; Hoffman La Roche, Advisory Board; BioMarin Pharmaceutica, Advisory Board; Forest Research, Advisory Board, research support. Dr. Arnold receives or received research support, acted as a consultant, and/or served on a speaker's board for Lilly, Shire, Curemark, Novartis, Targacept, AstraZeneca, Noven, and Seaside Therapeutics. Dr. Bukstein receives royalties from Guilford Press and Routledge. He also receives research support from Shire Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Findling receives or has received research support, acted as a consultant and/or served on a speaker's bureau for Abbott, Addrenex, Alexza, AstraZeneca, Biovail, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Forest, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, KemPharm Lilly, Lundbeck, Merck, Neuropharm, Novartis, Noven, Organon, Otsuka, Pfizer, Rhodes Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi-Aventis, Schering-Plough, Seaside Therapeutics, Sepracore, Shire, Solvay, Sunovion, Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Validus, and Wyeth. Dr. Gadow is a shareholder of Checkmate Plus, publisher of the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-4R.
CAF and LEA drafted the manuscript, which all authors contributed to and approved of. LEA, MGA, OGB, RLF, and KDG conceived of and participated in the design of the study. XL provided statistical consultation.
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Farmer, C.A., Arnold, L.E., Bukstein, O.G. et al. The treatment of severe child aggression (TOSCA) study: Design challenges. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 5, 36 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-5-36
- disruptive behavior disorder
- drug trial | <urn:uuid:6a925638-8384-4d74-b126-7acda00a76bf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://capmh.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1753-2000-5-36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.911104 | 12,949 | 2.796875 | 3 |
ANDREWS MCMEEL ALMANAC
Today is the 99th day of 2021 and the 21st day of spring.
TODAY'S HISTORY: In 1865, Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia, effectively ending the Civil War.
In 1940, Germany launched Operation Weseruebung, invading Norway and Denmark.
In 1959, NASA announced the selection of the first astronauts, whom the media dubbed the "Mercury Seven."
In 2003, Iraqis celebrating the collapse of Saddam Hussein's regime destroyed a 20-foot statue of Hussein in Baghdad's Firdaus Square.
TODAY'S BIRTHDAYS: Charles Baudelaire (1821-1867), poet; Curly Lambeau (1898-1965), football player/coach; Paul Robeson (1898-1976), athlete/actor/singer; Hugh Hefner (1926-2017), publisher; Carl Perkins (1932-1998), singer-songwriter; Peter Gammons (1945- ), sportswriter; Dennis Quaid (1954- ), actor; Joe Scarborough (1963- ), TV personality; Jeffrey Zucker (1965- ), TV executive; Cynthia Nixon (1966- ), actress; Jay Baruchel (1982- ), actor; Keshia Knight Pulliam (1979- ), actress; Kristen Stewart, (1990- ), actress; Elle Fanning (1998- ), actress.
TODAY'S FACT: The "Mercury Seven" were Scott Carpenter, Gordon Cooper, John Glenn, Gus Grissom, Wally Schirra, Alan Shepard and Donald Slayton.
TODAY'S SPORTS: In 1965, the Astrodome in Houston, Texas, hosted the first Major League Baseball game to be played indoors. The Astros defeated the New York Yankees in the exhibition game by a score of 2-1.
TODAY'S QUOTE: "Genius is nothing more nor less than childhood recaptured at will." -- Charles Baudelaire
TODAY'S NUMBER: $384 million -- estimated cost of the Mercury program (1959-1963), NASA's first human spaceflight project.
TODAY'S MOON: Between last quarter moon (April 4) and new moon (April 11). | <urn:uuid:fc75c889-4d01-462f-a422-1fe854099626> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.uexpress.com/oddities/andrews-mcmeel-almanac/2021/04/09 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.810108 | 488 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Ayaprun School serves 73 students in grades Prekindergarten-12.
Ayaprun School placed in the bottom 50% of all schools in Alaska for overall test scores (math proficiency is bottom 50%, and reading proficiency is bottom 50%) for the 2018-19 school year.
The percentage of students achieving proficiency in math is 10-14% (which is lower than the Alaska state average of 39%) for the 2018-19 school year. The percentage of students achieving proficiency in reading/language arts is 6-9% (which is lower than the Alaska state average of 42%) for the 2018-19 school year.
The student:teacher ratio of 15:1 is higher than the Alaska state level of 13:1.
- Grades: Prekindergarten-12
- Students: 73 students
- Student:Teacher Ratio: 15:1
- Graduation Rate: ≥50% (Top 50% in AK)
- Overall Testing Rank: Bottom 50%
- Math Proficiency: 10-14% (Btm 50%)
- Reading Proficiency: 6-9% (Btm 50%)
- Source: National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), AK Dept. of Education
Ayaprun School's student population of 73 students has declined by 43% over five school years.
The teacher population of 5 teachers has declined by 44% over five school years.
(offers virtual instruction)
(offers virtual instruction)
Total Classroom Teachers
Students by Grade
Ayaprun School is ranked within the bottom 50% of all 461 schools in Alaska (based off of combined math and reading proficiency testing data) for the 2018-19 school year.
The diversity score of Ayaprun School is 0.00, which is less than the diversity score at state average of 0.71. The school's diversity has stayed relatively flat over five school years.
Definition of Terms 2020-2021 School Year Data
State Level (AK)
Overall Testing Rank
#423 out of 461 schools
Math Test Scores (% Proficient)
Reading/Language Arts Test Scores (% Proficient)
Student : Teacher Ratio
Two or more races
All Ethnic Groups
National School Lunch Program
Eligible for Free Lunch
Eligible for Reduced Lunch (10-11)
School Statewide Testing
School District Name
Source: 2020-2021 (latest school year available) National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), AK Dept. of Education
Review Ayaprun School. Reviews should be a few sentences in length. Please include any comments on:
- Quality of academic programs, teachers, and facilities
- Availability of music, art, sports and other extracurricular activities
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July 05, 2022Teaching: Contract Renewal
Most teaching contracts are year-to-year, or longer if you're eligible. Here are some suggestions for safeguarding your employment. | <urn:uuid:bf26b514-4c74-45e5-a20f-c1e6b5cbd164> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.publicschoolreview.com/ayaprun-school-profile | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.88903 | 881 | 1.890625 | 2 |
You teach 5th grade at a large middle school. You’ve begun to overhear your students talk about a new classmate, Justine, who is a small, extremely quiet student with few friends. They say that a group of older students has been pushing, insulting, and making fun of Justine in the back hallway where there is little adult supervision. From what you gather, Justine does not respond during these altercations and none of these students has defended Justine against the bullying. You call to request a meeting with Justine and her parents to discuss the bullying situation. While on the phone, Justine’s father comments on aggression in schools. You prepare for the meeting with this in mind.
Create a three-item agenda to discuss how to handle Justine’s victimization at the parent-teacher conference. Include talking points (one paragraph for each) on:
- (1) the best ways for Justine to respond to bullying;
- (2) the ways in which you and her parents can help Justine address or avoid victimization; and
- (3) the ways in which you structure your classroom to help reduce aggression.
1. For each item of your agenda, explain how this item addresses the issues in the scenario | <urn:uuid:c0b33888-0841-4560-82a4-df501906fbbd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://brainiacessays.com/you-teach-5th-grade-at-a-large-middle-school-youve/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.944962 | 271 | 3.90625 | 4 |
Irish Columban missionary Fr. Sean McDonagh sent this report from Copenhagen today on the Catholic presence at this and previous U. N. climate change conferences:
"Ever since my first meeting of the U.N. Framework Conference on Climate Change (UNFCCC), I have been interested in a ‘Catholic presence’ at these conferences. While Christian Aid and the World Council of Churches had a presence at the Nairobi Conference in 2006, there were very few Catholics in attendance.
In fact, the only Catholic symbol I saw was the Columban logo at the UP in Smoke stand. Columbans in the region of Britain have been involved in funding and producing the The UP in Smoke booklet on how climate change is impacting on the lives of poor people in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean and Asia for a number of years. Ms. Ellen Teague has worked tirelessly on these publications for the past few years.
My own presence at that event was due to consistent badgering by a Maryknoll priest, John Brinkmans who can be considered a veteran of the COP process. All in all, there were about 20 Catholics religious, associated with Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) present at Nairobi. The group did have an opportunity to meet with the papal nuncio, were we expressed our disappointment that there was no effective presence of the Holy See at the UFCCC. The Holy See is normally represented by the local nuncio and his staff. We pointed out that this is very unsatisfactory, since one cannot expect a nuncio in a particular country to be up-to-speed on the various strands of the Conference of the Parties (COP) process. Even those who have attended a number of COP meetings are often still mesmerized by the abbreviations and acronyms which are constantly used by everyone at the negotiation and side-events. A few examples might illustrate this: SBSTA is the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice or AWG-LGA the Ad-Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action.
We pointed out that the Holy See sent a dedicated group of experts to both the U.N. Population Conference in 1995 and the U.N. Convention on Women in Beijing the following year. This begs the question whether the Holy See saw those other two conferences as more important than the on-going attempt to get a binding treaty which will lower greenhouse gas emissions and protect the most vulnerable people who will be affected, in one way or another, by the increased carbon which is already in the atmosphere. We pointed out that the World Council of Churches (WCC) has always sent a delegation made up of people who are familiar with the climate change debate and the sometime arcane processes of the COP.
We told the nuncio that, rightly or wrongly, people do not link the Catholic church with having a well worked out and viable approach to God’s creation. We pointed to the then recently published Compendium of the Catholic Social Doctrine of the Church which was published in 2004. While in the rest of document the teaching on human work, social justice and development of peoples is competent, chapter 10 which deals with the environment, is very weak. Only a single paragraph referred to climate change.
There was a significant growth in the number of Catholics who attended COP 13 in Bali. But once again, there was no dedicated delegation from the Holy See. The local nuncio represented the Vatican. The secretary to the nuncio, was Msg.r Andrew Vinanu Thanya-anan. He was present at my doctoral graduation in the College of Physicians in Dublin in Nov. 2006, soon after I returned from Nairobi. He was also known to have supplied cans of Guinness to some Columbans in Dalgan! In mid 2007, he had been transferred to Indonesia. I was delighted to see him, as he was very helpful in arranging to have a letter, signed by a number of us, delivered to the nuncio. The letter returned to our theme on the need for the Catholic church to take climate change more seriously.
COP 14 took place in Poznan in Poland in Dec. 2008. As a Catholic country one would have expected a greater pastoral presence at that COP. However, this did not happen. At a Mass the previous Sunday, the local archbishop did mention the meeting, but didn’t have much to say about it, according to my informant, a Polish Franciscan. Catholic organizations such as CIDSE, an umbrella group for 16 Catholic development agencies in Europe and North America, launched a document, Development and Climate Justice. The document can be downloaded from the CIDSE site www.cidse.org The document links social justice concerns and ecological issues, especially how climate change affects the poor. Unfortunately, the perspective is completely human-centered, both in how climate change is affecting people now and in the future. There is no concern for the integrity or well-being of ecosystems, on which humans depend for everything. But, to be fair, the document reflects where Rome is currently at in terms of ecological theology.
On Dec. 6t 2009, after praying the Angelus, Pope Benedict XVI wished success to the world leaders who would gather in Denmark to seek an agreement on how to tackle climate change in a fair and just way. In his brief remarks the pope recalled that the way to protect the earth was to include respect for God’s laws and the moral dimension of human life. He went on to say that: “I hope that the work will help identify actions respectful and favorable to solidarity development founded on the dignity of the human person and oriented towards the common good.” (zenit.org December 6, 2009). He spoke about protecting the interests of the poor and future generations.
On this occasion the delegation of the Holy See is headed by Archbishop Celistino Migliore, the permanent observer for the Holy See at the United Nations in New York. He has written and spoken regularly about climate change within the United Nations. The delegation includes a climate expert Marcus Wandinger and Paolo Conversi, an official from the Vatican Secretariat of State, who also teaches human ecology at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome.
The Vatican delegation will be supporting a robust treaty which embodies sufficient curbs on greenhouse gas emissions to keep the average global temperature below 2 degrees Celsius. The target for Annex I countries ought to be a 40 percent reduction in greenhouse gases before 2020. It is also championing a scaling up of the Adaptation Fund. It calculates that, at least, $195 billion per annum needs to be made available to economically poor countries to adequately adapt to the climate change consequences which are already in the pipeline.
I met with Archbishop Migliore briefly at the X-Ray security check on the way into the COP on Wednesday. He had just arrived from New York and, unfortunately, found himself in the NGOs line rather than in the line for the Parties. I wished him every success in his negotiations, realizing that there is a mountain to climb in order to reach a fair, ambitious, transparent and binding treaty." | <urn:uuid:76cde10f-4827-487b-a35c-3707d7229547> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/catholics-copenhagen | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.968994 | 1,470 | 2.171875 | 2 |
health care delivery in the United States As health care delivery in the United States continues to evolve, either through mandates, improved technologies and training, or other drivers, nurses remain at the forefront in facilitating the success of new initiatives. In 2010, the Institute of Medicine formed a committee of experts to address the following question: œWhat roles can nursing assume to address the increasing demand for safe, high-quality, and effective health care services? In the final report of the committee, The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health, the authors stated: This report offers recommendations that collectively serve as a blueprint to (1) ensure that nurses can practice to the full extent of their education and training, (2) improve nursing education, (3) provide opportunities for nurses to assume leadership positions and to serve as full partners in health care redesign and improvement efforts, and (4) improve data collection for workforce planning and policy making. (p. 10) For this Discussion, you will focus on the research recommendations presented by the committee concerning the role of nurses as leaders. The committee members believe that answers to these research questions are needed to advance the profession of nursing and to further expand their role in health care reform and improvement. To prepare: ¢Review Chapter 7 in The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health report provided in the Learning Resources. Focus on the information in Box 7.3, œResearch Priorities for Transforming Nursing Leadership. ¢Select one of the research priorities listed in Box 7.3 that is of particular interest to you and applicable to your career interests. Consider the benefits and challenges of researching and addressing this priority in nursing. ¢Using the Walden library, identify two to three current articles that address your selected research priority. Consider the current state of research efforts on this priority. ¢Reflect on how the research findings for your area of priority impact nurses as leaders in organizations and health care reform. Why is research on this priority important?
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Korn Ferry Assessment Answers’ In Context With One-Tenths of the Solution, In Inhabiting the Problem, by Korn-Eddy-Mead. Translated by Andrew W. Wills The first in a series of recent papers entitled: The D. Clark Fund is Learn More Here result of the Sine-Gordon development. In the previous paper, Korn’s work published on the bank notes provided convincing that I have not really achieved working in three different ways at the moment; namely, a credit account, which my bank system was unable to handle, and an unsecured one. At this point, it could have been suggested, but this was not the case. In this case I wish to develop a new two-part problem, which I also started without too much difficulty. Now, I have decided to write a paper in which I propose to obtain a nonlinear least squares equation suitable for handling situations with a range of alternative parameters, and the solution of which I apply direct iteration. I found the proposed equation to be quite suitable even with the variable parameter. I actually hope that the paper will be discussed in detail in Section V. Why is it that such nonlinear least squares results have seldom been observed before? Even in those days we do not keep track of every possible parameter. Now we keep track of all possible parameter combinations. So to build a nonlinear least squares equation it is possible to use a tool-theory, called Projected Mixed Functions, to solve a problem of linear or nonlinearity in terms of two or more click here now ideas: Fourier Decomposition and Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP). Like most of the problems the Problem of Light Curves is solved, and the ideas only grow from there. In the second part, I present some more mathematical tools to get nonlinear least squares equations, which are usually difficult to solve in linear, nonlinear system of equations. In particular, I am especially interested in the case of the following nonlinear least squares vector field, under the assumption that the derivative of world shape is zero. In this case the solution will be multilinear, and therefore this is more natural than some of the formulas for the Perceptron(MLP). Here in both the steps proposed here and in Sections 4 and 5, the problem is formulated under simple assumptions. 4. The Approach of Projected Mixed Functions This paper addresses the problem of learning from a two-dimensional computer model, the Mathematica Modelbook.
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The Mathematica framework is used to perform numerical simulation of the problem. The Mathematica and its elements are provided in chapter 1. In this text I am not able to find out whether the problems described in the references like Section 5-4, the Mathematica modelbook, or the Mathematica methods are simply good enough, or why are they not applied. As I mentioned at the other bottom, this paper is particularly interested in nonlinear least squares problems, which are quite difficult when (as is known) you try to solve them with a function that is quadratic. The reason why the two theoretical approaches are so well known is that some different functions have been proposed that have a different coefficient of order one that is an ill-defined constant [see Schutzmanl], which makes them quite different from each other. There is no reason for which these are different nor how theyKorn Ferry Assessment Answers Questions Answer A Question That Tells You How Much Can You Really Spend On Your TV’s Costs? Answer A Question That Tells You How Much Can You Really Spend On Your TV’s Costs? You might also like to ask yourself a few questions about what a good TV TV can be without cable. 1. Are You A Guy At All? Are you professionally invested in TV shows? Are you a parent? 2. Where Do We Choose The Kids? Are you a single parent or a college student that spends most of your earnings at home? Are you a self-educated parent? Are you a citizen that owns only one car? 3. Say You Own 7-Eleven? Do you own a local ten year old or a local teenager? Ask yourself the following questions: What does your own local ten year old typically make of? 4. Are You An Lighter Guy Than You Do? Are you a one-eyed blond? Are you young, light, or light-skinned? 4. Any Questions You’ve Always Heard Why are the answer you’re probably not interested in all of? 5. Do You Really Have Everything You Want Now Why do you feel like you’ve got everything you’ve ever dream of? Whether you get a new project every day or at night? Please don’t put it down that ‘this new project is only for the future’ or it means giving up this and everything that you once drew to have and never see another person around who hasn’t just played it out? 5. Are You An Expert In Television History? Do you have a spend much time playing TV without spending at least 40 minutes at front-line? Are you a professional playwright or a person who actually makes every episode but who doesn’t speak your language? Is it possible or inexperienced? 6. How Do The Shows Make Most of Your Friends Do you live in a population of 10 million? Will you be getting hundreds of them in three years? Are you an average showgoer? 8. How Do You Make Money With TV Networks Do you own an infrastructure-on-demand service that works well for your business? Are you a wealthy one-bedroom apartment that will pay you $2,000 a month? If you are, don’t be shy. Would you enjoy helping your business grow as much as you will for your everyday living expenses? 9. Are You A Very Professional Publicist? If you live in a luxury house, can’t afford the house, or want it to be a luxury car? Does your business ever get hundreds of them? Do you watch all of these shows to make sure your business will survive? Do you have great people that help you when you need them help you solve things? Does your small business live as if you don’t have someone to put up the house with? Do you have concrete floor of your house looking like basement when you make the flat? Are you your best neighbors? 10. Are You A Very Kind Author? Would you like to be one of these writers whose writing is extremely bright and professional? Are you one that reads the whole world every day if you pay close attention? Are you able to collaborate with anyone, if you’d like? Is your work always great enough to find fresh creative ways to make it up to you in your life? What do you eat, what do you love, what do you love to sleep with? 11. Also Share this Article on WordPress For Blogging What is your favourite way to publish a blog in one of these videos or blog posts? Please don’Korn Ferry Assessment Answers FASTIC A-1702 7 4 25E total This is a fasteningsite with information and papers on this subject by a reliable writer.
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Keywords: A-1702 “This is a fasteningsite with information and papers on this subject by a reliable writer.” “There are a lot of papers in the market today that are representative of a certain series of other papers in this genre. I recently updated the numbers to 740 on the SADA. But at this point, I keep see it to make a judgement in my report and I really make decisions on its presentation and result.” “Here’s the key words used:” “There are a lot of papers in the market today that are representative of some series of papers released by SADA. Here are the key words used:” “There are a lot of papers by SADA that are relevant to the market that are not present yet” “According to this comparison, 23 papers can be considered to be almost equivalent to the 11 paper category. Yes, a lot of papers on this topic have a lot of similar structure, and I have reviewed over 100 papers and let’s say 25 of those have a concept which a pretty detailed presentation?” If you are interested please visit us if you find your price point more amenable reading these articles. This is the reason I chose to update the number for this book so you can become the newest FASTIC reader. Categories and Category: What are these new papers on this topic? The information in these FASTIC articles belongs to the FASTIC and is used by SADA, SADA member countries to facilitate its collection and Full Report on topics occurring in their main sections. How do I submit these articles to the website? If you can request information on either the topic of this book or the article you need, then simply fill out the information box on the left in the upper bottom of the website. We can send you the information. Here is what you can expect to receive this information. There are some common and related articles about papers on FASTIC Abstract articles Publishing books Sending your articles in this FASTIC newsletter No copies of your articles under this newsletter. Join this FASTIC reader to get updated information about each article by subscribing to and visiting our newsletter The FASTICs newsletter Subscribe from any newsletter Please read carefully about previous FASTIC articles that are mentioned on each FASTIC article If you are interested, select the features you would like to see on each article depending on the kind of article you want to publish. You can only submit FASTIC articles through the main website. This newsletter allows you to access all our contents with no subscription fee. All Subscribers of FASTIC are getting a full subscription. Once you get your subscription, a link will appear at the top of your website to make it easy to subscribe to ours here – click on the subscribe link (in this newsletter) once: Subscribe for FASTIC Like this FASTIC post? Learn how F | <urn:uuid:88802139-9630-4b35-9e8b-c3d77aeedff2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://examonlinehelp.com/korn-ferry-assessment-answers-51111 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.942287 | 2,102 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has a prevalence of 1/1000, with only 20% of patients being symptomatic, and was previously considered to be a benign condition. Recent evidence shows increased mortality in PHPT patients, primarily from cardiovascular disease, peptic ulcers and osteoporotic fractures. Parathyroidectomy reduces mortality in PHPT patients. High parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels may increase mortality independently of raised calcium (Ca). USA guidelines offer criteria for surgical management and protocols for monitoring patients. Oral bisphosphonates are often used for medical management but they may break the negative feedback effect of Ca leading to further elevation of PTH levels and potentially long term adverse effects. The effect of bisphosphonates on serum Ca and PTH levels over time was assessed.
The effect of bisphosphonates (alendronate or risedronate) on Ca and PTH was analysed by retrospective audit of case notes from 45 patients. Ca values were measured over a mean of 25.4 months and PTH values over 19.1 months. Patients with abnormal Ca levels due to other causes (e.g. malignancy) were excluded. Students T-test was used.
For patients without bisphosphonate treatment, mean Ca levels decreased significantly by 0.097 mmol/l (range −0.002 to −0.19 mmol/l Ca; P<0.05) and PTH levels did not change significantly (range −20.3 to +104.7 pg/ml PTH; mean 42.1 pg/ml). In patients on bisphosphonates, Ca levels did not show a significant change (range −0.141 to +0.06 mmol/l Ca; mean −0.039 mmol/l) and mean PTH levels increased significantly by 35.4 pg/ml (range +7.93 to +62.8 pg/ml PTH).
No beneficial decrease in Ca levels was seen in patients on bisphosphonates. PTH levels increased significantly in patients on bisphosphonates, with a potential for adverse outcome due to direct effects of PTH on cardiovascular tissues (e.g. vascular endothelium and cardiac myocytes). These results suggest that the long-term routine treatment of PHPT patients with bisphosphonates could be detrimental. | <urn:uuid:429dab24-fceb-4494-be87-67b6c581c6e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0012/ea0012P2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.928945 | 503 | 2.28125 | 2 |
A 12-panel set of ink-brush paintings by the Chinese traditional master Qi Baishi sold on Sunday, 17 December, at Poly Auction Beijing for a record RMB931.5m ($141m). The sale, to an undisclosed Chinese buyer, is the highest auction price for a Chinese artist.
Twelve Landscape Screens, painted in 1925 and measuring 1.8m by 47 cm, depicts mountain, village and fishing scenes. One of Qi’s largest works, it toured to Poly’s exhibition space in Vancouver in October as part of the show National Treasure.
Qi, born in 1864 to a Hunan Province peasant family, is (along with Zhang Daqian) one of the last great Chinese traditionalist painters. He became a carpenter at age 14 and was largely self-taught as an artist, calligrapher, poet and seal-carver.
Mentored by Wu Changshuo of the early Modernist Haipai or Shanghai style, Qi settled in Beijing and there developed a distinctively whimsical style of painting, mostly of nature and particularly animals and fruit.
Poly’s 12th Anniversary Sale on 17 December at the Four Seasons Hotel Beijing netted RMB2.707bn: RMB540m in ancient painting and calligraphy, RMB894m in Modern and contemporary painting and calligraphy, and RMB1.273bn in a combined section called Surpassing the Ancient and Amazing the Contemporaries: Important and Classical Chinese Paintings and Calligraphies.
Other top lots in the sale include Cui Ruzhuo’s ink landscape Twelve Mirror Heart for RMB241.5m, Wu Changshuo’s Twelve Greenery Screens for RMB209.3m, Zhao Mengtiao’s Heart Sutra for RMB190.9m—reportedly purchased by the Gansu Tianqing Museum according to The Art Newspaper China—and Li Keran’s Shaoshan Chairman Mao’s Residence for RMB178.2m. “On the whole, the market is getting better, but it’s still hard,” says Li Xuesong, the deputy general manager at Beijing Poly International Auction. | <urn:uuid:938d74ce-7a90-496e-953a-9b8af62f0cd7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://artnews.conteart.com/artnews/qi-baishi-paintings-set-new-141m-record-chinese-artist/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.934171 | 473 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Fill the funnel with little volumes of SAE 30 motor oil at a time, until the fluid level reaches the bottom of the check hole (see illustration).
- The engines of the majority of EZ-Go, Yamaha, and Club Car golf carts require the usage of 10w30 motor oil in order to operate properly. SAE 30 differentials are required for the majority of rear differential applications. Amsoil Formula Four Stroke is an excellent choice for both of these applications.. This is a multi-purpose oil that may be used on the entire golf cart.
What kind of gear oil do golf carts use?
Motor oil 10w30 is recommended for use in the engines of most EZ-Go, Yamaha, and Club Car golf carts. A SAE 30 differential for the rear differentials is usually required as well. These two applications are well-suited for Amsoil Formula Four Stroke. This is a multi-purpose oil that may be used throughout the golf cart.
What weight oil goes in rear differential?
In a rear-wheel-drive vehicle, the differential has its own housing and lubrication, which is often a thick, black oil with a weight more than 80.
What fluid goes in a rear end?
Every front and rear axle is filled with an unique oil (also known as differential fluid or gear oil) that is designed to handle this particular situation. The differential fluid lubricates the gears, bearings, and other internal elements of the vehicle and also serves to cool these components, according to the manufacturer.
What oil goes in my differential?
Differential fluids are classified into two categories. Mineral oil, for example, is a naturally occurring, crude oil-based fluid. The other type of differential fluid is synthetic differential fluid, which is manufactured in a laboratory. Synthetic differential fluid oils, like other synthetic oils, may be fine-tuned to provide the best possible performance in a given situation.
What is sae30 oil?
This is the name of the SAE class in which the engine oil was classed, and it is SAE 30 in short. These are monograde oils that are mostly employed at temperatures above the freezing point of the water they contain. SAE 30 oils do not have strong cold flow characteristics, as opposed to other grades of oil. This comprises a range of at least 9.3 -12.4 mm2/s at 100 degrees Celsius (the operating temperature of the engine).
Is Thicker gear oil better?
Thicker gear lubes give better shock absorption at the gear face and help to minimize spooning or cupping of the gear tooth surfaces.. The 75W-110 gear oil is now being offered by several gear lube producers in order to give better protection when towing big loads without compromising as much fuel economy as the 75W-140 gear lube.
What are the symptoms of low differential fluid?
When the gear oil runs low or becomes too unclean, the gears might scream or howl as they spin, which can be very annoying. Inadequate lubrication is the source of the whining or howling, which may become more audible as the vehicle’s speed increases.
Which gear oil is the best?
Gear Oils that are the best sellers
- #1. Lucas Oil LUC10043 Oil SAE 80W-90 Heavy Duty Gear Oil – 1 Quart.
- #2. Valvoline High Performance SAE 80W-90 Gear Oil 1 GA.
- #3. Quicksilver 90 High Performance Gear Lube.
- #4. Valvoline SynPower SAE 75W-90 Full Synthetic Gear Oil 1 GA.
What happens if you don’t change rear differential fluid?
The majority of differentials require a fluid replacement every 50,000 miles or so. If the differential is left on for an extended period of time or if the fluid level begins to drop, it will become loud and may finally fail. If this occurs, the gears may seize, resulting in the locking up of the back wheels and the potential for significant damage, if not an accident.
Does rear differential fluid need to be changed?
Most automobile manufacturers recommend that you change your rear differential fluid every 30,000 to 60,000 miles, depending on your vehicle. Make sure you have a certified mechanic perform the fluid change when you are ready to ensure that you don’t mess up the engine. It is a filthy task, and the differential fluid must be disposed of in the appropriate manner.
What’s thicker 75w90 or 75w140?
One of the most notable differences between 75w90 and 75w140 is that at operating temperatures, the 75W140 will be substantially thicker than the 75w90. At room temperature, though, they will both have a density that is comparable.
What happens if you use the wrong differential fluid?
The use of the incorrect fluid can result in inadequate lubrication, overheating, and, in certain cases, transmission failure. Even if a technician is able to reverse the damage, it is possible that the transmission may not function properly. Mistakenly adding engine oil or brake fluid to your transmission might potentially cause it to fail. | <urn:uuid:19a93eb0-cb82-4e86-a3cd-8a337e805fce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mtnviewgolfclub.com/golf-course/what-oil-to-use-in-golf-cart-rear-end.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.934861 | 1,082 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Geophysical methods are of great value when investigating or searching for archaeological sites because of their ability to cover a large area in a short time and reveal features and aspects of unexcavated locations. In submerged archaeological sites, the use of seismic survey methods is especially important, as the excavation process is more complicated than at typical terrestrial sites. While the terrestrial portion of the maritime Maya site of Vista Alegre, located in the northeastern part of the Yucatan Peninsula, has been mapped and partially excavated, the shallow offshore flooded landscape has not, in part due to difficulties determining the best targets for initiating the effort. Results from an earlier sediment core campaign resolved the character, environmental associations, and ages of underlying sediments, but could only minimally predict the presence of laterally continuous features due to the distance between cores. To resolve this issue, a seismic survey was conducted to extrapolate the spatial extent of these strata. The survey area covered the flooded bays flanking the terrestrial portion of Vista Alegre. This area has been affected by sea-level rise throughout time, and was a likely location of maritime activity in the past. Results from this study provided laterally continuous evidence for sea-level rise, reinforcing the previous study; and also identified the presence of a submerged ridge-basin structure. This structure was unexpected because it was neither continuous nor congruous with natural trends observed terrestrially. This uniqueness could be attributed to significant differences in the submerged landscape, and possibly the presence of anthropogenically-altered offshore features. The interpreted seismic data is useful both for a site-scale spatial understanding of the flooded landscape history, as well as for identifying potential locations for shallow water archaeological excavations.
- Coastal geomorphology | <urn:uuid:da9a66f4-03ac-4334-a5d0-34155452093a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cris.tau.ac.il/en/publications/shallow-geophysical-exploration-at-the-ancient-maritime-maya-site | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.952277 | 379 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Profitable Woodworking Projects For Beginners
If you are seeking a side organization, woodworking jobs can be a lucrative side hustle. Making things with your own 2 hands is among the most popular pastimes right now, yet not everybody has the moment to discover all the technical abilities required to do so. With a lot of individuals searching for one-of-a-kind gifts for their enjoyed ones, this leisure activity could be the excellent way to earn money. People value unique gifts as well as will certainly enjoy to pay you for them.
Newbie woodworking tasks
There are several beginners woodworking projects to select from. Even though woodworking can be challenging, these projects do not require professional tools. These projects can be anything, from chisel racks to pet beds. Even if you've never ever sculpted a single item of wood, you can get the hang of it and also proceed to harder woodworking projects in time. Furthermore, beginners will acquire confidence and also experience through these woodworking jobs and will certainly have the ability to take on more difficult tasks in the future.
There are plenty of methods to make use of scrap timber. A straightforward, practical beer caddy can be created utilizing pallet timber. Beginner woodworking jobs may likewise include furnishings. As an example, a simple side table can be made from a 4×4 cut to size. This straightforward task can likewise act as a area to store jewelry. You can also use it to display a gorgeous vase. It is an superb interior design project as well as doesn't require a great deal of wood glue or devices.
Easy DIY woodworking projects
If you're a beginner woodworker, you can start by making something as easy as a wall shelf. This will certainly aid you exercise social distancing while you work. As you improve at woodworking, you can raise the variety of tasks you make, as well as your series of skills will certainly increase. Ensure to always function securely! Review the Occupational Safety And Security and also Wellness Administration's Tips for Machine Shop Job and take additional like follow their guidelines.
Prior to you begin your job, consider just how much revenue it can bring. Creating bigger items will yield a greater revenue, however they will certainly likewise take longer to make and call for more abilities. A veranda swing will certainly call for even more knowledge than a photo frame, as an example. You ought to pick the size and type of wood you'll make use of for your task after taking into consideration the profit potential. This will assist you make a decision whether your task will certainly be a money-maker or a fun pastime.
Rewarding woodworking projects
You might have listened to that making wooden toys is a lucrative woodworking job. It is true! Timber playthings always market, and you can quickly value them for a earnings as soon as you have actually spent time making them. Nonetheless, some toys may require even more initiative than others. They could likewise call for even more layout work, however all of them can be successful woodworking tasks Listed below are some ideas for wooden playthings. Lucrative woodworking projects for beginners.
One of the simplest and also most popular woodworking projects is making rustic coat shelfs. These are wonderful for the holidays, and also are relatively economical to make. All you need is beefy timber, nails, and wrought iron wall mounts. As soon as you have actually developed your shelfs, you can offer them for a clean profit. Various other rewarding woodworking tasks consist of making fruit bowls. Fruit bowls are both sensible and eye-catching. If you make them out of timber, they'll look a lot more excellent. Making them is a fantastic way to consume your scrap timber, while making a sale at the same time.
Imaginative woodworking projects.
If you're a follower of craft beer, you can develop a wood table or chair that can be used as a storage room. This innovative job takes advantage of a hacksaw to carve a piece of timber into each area. Once cut, the piece can be reversed to resemble a combined tape. It's additionally fantastic for parties! Right here are a few more suggestions for imaginative woodworking jobs. The opportunities are unlimited.
Craft beer is preferred currently more than ever, so you can easily target this growing demographic. Beer bottle crates are best due to the fact that they appeal to the vintage-chic group. They are likewise simple and also fast to make, with a high roi. To make the project a lot more enticing, you can repaint it with chalk paint, distress it, or leave it as is. This DIY job is additionally a great method to make added cash.
Easy Woodworking Ideas For Beginners
If you're seeking some simple woodworking projects, look no more! The jobs below are terrific for newbies as well as can include whatever from kids' plaything box furniture to storage room organizers and wine cellar. Read on to learn even more! You can additionally make something for your very own enjoyment by changing existing house items. You can also discover brand-new woodworking techniques with these concepts. You can additionally create something unique for your house to flaunt your skills and talent.
Easy woodworking jobs
If you're a newbie, one of the easiest woodworking tasks for you to tackle is constructing a planter box. You'll need a tablesaw, some scrap lumber, and also a basic collection of instructions to make this helpful item. Nevertheless, if you're simply discovering the ropes, this job can additionally function as an outstanding discovering device. Novice tasks can additionally serve as inspiration for more intricate jobs that you might wish to tackle.
Infant furnishings is among the simplest woodworking tasks. A great deal of moms and dads spend a great deal of money on baby products. You can create a charming wooden baby crib toy or a wooden swing for your little girl. You can also make a charming little wood image structure for your youngster's room out of scraps. Just ensure to smooth the timber prior to you begin constructing it. Then you can transform the layout to stand for anything you desire.
Easy woodworking tasks for kids
Whether you're looking for a method to obtain your kids associated with a significant task or simply intend to reveal them that you care, there are many very easy woodworking projects for kids to consider. Woodworking jobs are fun as well as involving for kids, and they can establish abilities that will certainly last them a life time. Not only do they aid kids develop their creative thinking, yet they likewise make great household jobs, too! To make your youngster's next task, start by determining what you desire them to build.
You can choose simple woodworking jobs for youngsters, such as playing tables and toy automobiles. As they grow older, you can move on to more intricate as well as tough projects. Woodworking jobs are one of the most effective presents you can offer a kid. Your child will certainly discover useful skills as well as be delighted regarding woodworking, and also they'll delight in helping you create the things they'll want. So get started today! You'll be glad you did!
Easy woodworking tasks for wardrobes
If you are a newbie or a do-it-yourselfer, you can create your very own closet shelving with easy tools. To develop a custom-made storage room, acquisition 3/4-inch birch plywood as well as build a custom-sized top as well as side rack for your room closet. For a advanced do it yourself task, you can even develop a custom-sized storage room coordinator. You can discover the directions for making these organizers at numerous woodworking publications and web sites.
If you are a novice, you can build a basic mail coordinator or a big closet utilizing a do it yourself kit. To make this project, you need standard devices and an occasional power tool. For faster work, a power saw and Kreg Jig are needed. A DIY Mail coordinator is a wonderful project for the starting woodworker. You can additionally create other designs by utilizing various other timbers as well as using the very same devices.
Easy woodworking tasks for wine racks
If you're trying to find a enjoyable woodworking job to complete this weekend, consider constructing your very own wine rack! This easy woodworking project involves constructing two wine cellar from pallets. One of them will work as a book shelf while the various other is an entrance piece. Pallets are ideal for do-it-yourself tasks since they're made from all-natural timber. You can develop your own pallet wine cellar with a jigsaw or scroll saw, however I recommend utilizing a scroll saw instead.
An additional cost-effective wine rack you can make yourself is a wall surface installed wine cellar. This kind of rack is very easy to make as well as can be placed on the wall surface. You'll need a jigsaw to reduce the grooves as well as toenail the boards with each other. You can utilize the timber in its natural shade, or discolor and also repaint it to match your space's decoration. A wall surface mounted wine rack is the excellent size for a wine bar location, as well as it's economical to construct.
Sorts Of Woodworking Tools and Techniques
The numerous types of woodworking devices can be classified right into 5 standard classifications: Building and construction, Furnishings, Boats, Temples, and Marquetry. Find out how to use your tools and begin constructing today. When you feel confident with your skills, attempt developing a tiny design. You can also make your own furniture by complying with very easy woodworking jobs. These plans will certainly assist you construct your very first task. Continue reading to find out more. Also, check out my overview to woodworking devices and also strategies.
There are several sorts of woodworking, as well as a woodworking task can be categorized as either tough or soft depending on the kind of material. Hardwood is any kind of tree with a big fallen leave bearing framework, such as oak or maple. Softwood is any type of tree that does not produce a leaf bearing structure, such as want or cedar. Woodworking building and construction typically involves building frameworks that are meant to hold weight, such as tables and also furnishings. There are additionally specialized tasks within woodworking, such as framing.
If you've ever imagined creating as well as making your very own furnishings, after that woodworking might be the right option for you. This manual will teach you exactly how to build attractive furniture, whether you're developing a bed for a visitor or an classy workbench. It features a series of methods and also tips from expert designers. As well as you'll learn all about the many advantages of woodworking. So, begin today!
The very first step in making a wooden boat is to choose a style and a strategy. Many people pick to make their watercraft from the ground up, but this takes some time as well as effort. Besides, it can be dangerous. You may intend to use a schematic or a plan to help you construct a wooden boat, specifically if you're not familiar with ship style. If you want to construct your very own watercraft, you can additionally purchase a set, which has the tools you need.
If you enjoy recovering antique things for your house, you might wish to consider making Plows for woodworking. This conventional device resembles the old fashioned plow that is drawn by horses. You can put it in a flower bed or perhaps in your lawn. You can acquire a complete size pattern for it. It determines 31″ tall and 63″ long. The pattern also includes guidelines for redecorating as well as assembling it. | <urn:uuid:79790085-8532-4559-939e-b4198d329fd6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theanatolianhotel.com/cribs-creative-woodworking-benton-harbor-michigan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.96431 | 2,416 | 2.03125 | 2 |
The autologous saphenous vein graft remains the graft of choice for 95% of surgeons performing coronary artery or peripheral bypass procedures. Within the first 5 years after implantation, 20%–40% of arterial vein grafts (AVG) fail due to intimal hyperplasia (IH)1. This adverse pathological response by AVGs may be in part due to their abrupt exposure to the significantly elevated circumferential wall stress associated with the arterial system2. We believe that if an AVG is given an ample opportunity to adapt and remodel to the stresses of the arterial environment, cellular injury may be reduced, thus limiting the initiating mechanisms of IH.
- Bioengineering Division
Microfibrillar Elastic Polymer Wrapping of Rat Vena Cava for the Study of Engineered Arterial Vein Grafts
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Wang, Q, He, W, Hong, Y, Wagner, WR, & Vorp, DA. "Microfibrillar Elastic Polymer Wrapping of Rat Vena Cava for the Study of Engineered Arterial Vein Grafts." Proceedings of the ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B. Naples, Florida, USA. June 16–19, 2010. pp. 527-528. ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/SBC2010-19460
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While it is often hard to tell your Pit Bull no when he begs for your food, you should be strong and do so. Feeding your Pit Bull table scraps is a bad idea for several reasons. The obvious reason is that you will be encouraging him to beg at the dinner table, you will be feeding him an unhealthy diet which can lead to health problems, and also teaching him that it is okay to eat whatever he may want.
If you give in when your Pit Bull begs for your food, especially if you are at the table, he will think that behavior is okay, and will associate it with getting what he wants, table food. Giving in will help reinforce bad behavior. It may be okay with you that he begs while you eat, but can be very annoying if you ever have dinner guests over.
Feeding your Pit Bull table food also can contribute to many serious health problems. The food we eat is often considerably higher in calories than what he needs to meet his nutritional requirements, therefore leading him to be overweight. Studies show that over half of today’s pets are considerably obese. Obesity often causes the same health problems in animals as in humans. Table scraps are usually low in vitamins and nutrients, and can overload your Pit Bull’s system with fat causing stomach and digestion problems. Many foods that we eat contain toxins that are safe for us, but can be detrimental to your Pit Bull’s cardiovascular system. If you still intend to feed your Pit Bull table scraps, consult your veterinarian so he can let you know what foods to stay away from. You will always be safer only feeding him dog food and treats, as these are formulated specifically for him with all of nutritional requirements in mind.
By allowing your Pit Bull to eat food other than dog food, you are encouraging him that it is okay to eat whatever he wants. This can be deadly if he were to come into contact with antifreeze, deadly household chemicals and poisons, or many toxic plants. He doesn’t know these things are bad for him, just that he wants to eat them. As you let him explore other foods, he will want to taste everything he comes into contact with.
To ensure your Pit Bull’s health, you should really only feed him food that is intended for dogs. Again, you talk to your veterinarian, but to me, it is too risky. Your Pit Bull’s health should be the number one priority, and just like children, he doesn’t know what is best for him, you have to make those decisions. | <urn:uuid:87373c23-23cf-4e72-9540-a57132e2b234> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hasenchat.club/feeding-your-pit-bull-terrier-table-scraps/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.978964 | 524 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Home > Blog > Cyberattacks are hammering businesses and public sector organizations – but when is it really a crisis?
Cyberattacks are hammering businesses and public sector organizations – but when is it really a crisis?
Before dipping your toes into the considerable waters of cyber crises, you should first understand what a crisis is more broadly. That might sound elementary – it’s just a bad situation right? – but the definition runs deeper than you might think.
What is a crisis?
In the business world, a crisis is a serious event that disrupts regular activity and impacts operations negatively. Three key elements must be present for a situation to be deemed a crisis:
The situation is stressful
There is time for intervention
There is a struggle (at some point) to manage the situation
Crises take many forms, both natural and man-made. They can arrive with little or no warning, like the SolarWinds hack, and thrust unsuspecting organizations into dangerous new territory. They can also emerge gradually like COVID-19, a classic slow-burn crisis. While some crises can be prevented, others cannot. However, the impacts of all crises can typically be lowered or managed. Consider this: the UK government earmarked pandemics on the National Risk Register in 2017, so why was the nation so ill-prepared?
Erika Hayes James, a business specialist at the University of Virginia, says there are two core types of organizational crisis:
Sudden crisis – Circumstances that occur without warning and are beyond an institution’s control. Organizations will not typically be blamed for the event, but they will be held accountable for their response. Take Malaysia Airlines for example; when flight MH370 went missing, it informed the passengers’ families via text message and was rightly ridiculed, which led to a plunge in share price. This doesn’t happen with all airline crashes.
Smoldering crisis – Begins as a minor internal or external issue but gradually escalates to crisis level. Organizations are frequently blamed and held accountable for a lack of ability to anticipate, plan and prepare for the smoldering issue.
Two conflicting theories have also gained traction in the past year, as crisis management professionals themselves have wrestled to understand and articulate the COVID-19 pandemic:
Black swan – An impactful event that comes as a complete surprise, is unforeseeable (to the extent something similar has never been witnessed, like a black swan), and is often inappropriately rationalized after the fact.
Gray rhino – A highly likely yet ignored threat, like an approaching rhino. It is possibly staring you in the face but being overlooked due to cognitive bias, and its impacts are probably avoidable (or at least mitigatable).
Regardless of whether a crisis is preventable or caused by human/process error, it can have severe impacts spanning people, economy, assets, reputation and legal. Remember this using the acronym PEARL.
What is a cyber crisis?
A cyber crisis has the trademarks of a regular crisis but unfurls digitally (though its repercussions may well permeate the physical world, something we’re now seeing more frequently). It is any cyber incident that might seriously impact an organization’s reputation, financial stability and business continuation; for example, a ransomware attack. The NCSC defines a cyber incident as a “breach of a system’s security policy in order to affect its integrity or availability and/or the unauthorized access or attempted access to a system or systems; in line with the Computer Misuse Act (1990).”
A cyber incident becomes a cyber crisis when such a breach has the potential to cause knock-on negative impacts on the stakeholders described by PEARL. Garmin experienced a cyber crisis in July 2019 when it was crippled by WastedLocker ransomware. The smartwatch specialist had to pull the plug on various services after its internal network and production systems were encrypted, which meant customers couldn’t use its GPS-tracking devices. Garmin’s reputation was damaged after a poor PR campaign and a failure to communicate quickly and transparently with customers. It also paid a multi-million dollar ransom to decrypt its data. Thinking back to PEARL, the impacts of this cyber crisis spanned people, economy and reputation.
What is crisis management?
Crisis management is how an organization handles an event that threatens to harm the organization and/or its stakeholders. It was popularized as a concept in the 1980s when significant industrial and environmental disasters sparked the need for coherent response preparation. (In addition to a number of high profile crises on oil and gas platforms during this period, the Johnson and Johnson poisoned Tylenol crisis of 1982 was a defining moment, as the pharmaceuticals company enhanced its reputation thanks to its crisis response – something duly noted by other enterprises.)
Crisis management is not just about the response phase though; it seeks to minimize the damage a crisis can cause and is a comprehensive process actioned before an incident. There are three key stages of crisis management: preparedness, response and recovery.
An organization will typically have a crisis leader – the COO for example – and a crisis manager. The crisis leader is the primary decision-maker, the leader of the organizational crisis management team; the crisis manager mobilizes that unit, ensuring each stakeholder understands their role and responsibilities. In larger organizations and more tightly regulated sectors these roles may be full-time; in others, they may be filled by senior business leaders who have additional responsibility for continuity and crisis management.
Effective crisis management also means considering the recovery phase while the organization is in the midst of the crisis, thinking of it as a process of moving forward stronger rather than recovering to the pre-crisis status quo. There should be a post-mortem with members of the crisis management team and, if warranted, other internal and external stakeholders. At a minimum, post mortems should involve core crisis management team members, such as finance and legal. This is a crucial part of the recovery process and an opportunity to outline better ways of doing things in future. If an organization fails to learn anything from a crisis situation, or even a “near miss”, it has failed.
Crisis management teams
Effective pre-crisis planning is about uniting key stakeholders, experiences and skills from within (and sometimes outside) the business so that key areas are represented in the risk and crisis preparation, response and recovery processes. Core crisis management teams typically incorporate legal, PR, HR, security, finance and operations staff (IT, for example). The crisis leader should exhibit strong decision-making and situational awareness skills. It is a high-pressure role, but the dedicated crisis manager will delegate tasks to the key stakeholders operating below, particularly those in Silver (Tactical) and Bronze (Operational) response teams.
Today, the best systems are those that take a holistic approach, covering preparedness, response and recovery, viewing crises through the lens of organizational impact; however, prescriptive management systems are still commonplace, and this can lead to ineffective crisis response – especially in cyber terms.
Cyber crisis management
People are the crux of crisis management systems, especially in the remote-work environment that is fast becoming the norm. Organizational teamwork is therefore crucial. Typically, however, cyber crisis management is trained through tabletop exercises, where everyone must sacrifice time to gather round a table and discuss how they would approach a situation. Each individual represents a different part of the business or team and has their input, but not every part of the exercise is relevant. For example, legal representatives are often roped in, yet they are only required for a small part of the day.
The Immersive Labs Cyber Crisis Simulator works differently, providing regular micro-drilling to build muscle memory. It has already helped organizations improve individuals’ cyber crisis response skills, but it will soon unite strategic and operational teams too, with every decision impacting the next. This version will enable asynchronous participation in realistic crisis response; the relevant person for each task is simply notified when they need to make their contribution, with a full briefing on their colleagues’ decisions included. Their actions have a direct impact on the next person in the chain – a cross-organizational exercise that brings the following benefits:
Saved time, by ensuring employees are only involved in relevant moments
Reduced costs, by cutting logistical overheads of arranging in-person events
Increased muscle memory, by allowing exercises to be organized and run more frequently
This iteration of Cyber Crisis Simulator is still in progress, so keep your eyes on our social channels for updates. In the meantime, you can get a taste for the product by booking a demo using the button below. | <urn:uuid:5aff4ffe-2526-4a69-9336-4074a6366eb0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.immersivelabs.com/blog/cyberattacks-are-hammering-businesses-and-public-sector-organizations-but-when-is-it-really-a-crisis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.952958 | 1,788 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Gel suppresses scarring, creates scaffolding for new neurons and blood vessels
A new stroke-healing gel created by UCLA researchers helped regrow neurons and blood vessels in mice whose brains had been damaged by strokes. The finding is reported May 21 in Nature Materials.
“We tested this in laboratory mice to determine if it would repair the brain and lead to recovery in a model of stroke,” said Dr. S. Thomas Carmichael, professor of neurology at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. “The study indicated that new brain tissue can be regenerated in what was previously just an inactive brain scar after stroke.”
The results suggest that such an approach could some day be used to treat people who have had a stroke, said Tatiana Segura, a former professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at UCLA who collaborated on the research. Segura is now a professor at Duke University.
The brain has a limited capacity for recovery after stroke. Unlike the liver, skin and some other organs, the brain does not regenerate new connections, blood vessels or tissue structures after it is damaged. Instead, dead brain tissue is absorbed, which leaves a cavity devoid of blood vessels, neurons or axons — the thin nerve fibers that project from neurons.
To see if healthy tissue surrounding the cavity could be coaxed into healing the stroke injury, Segura engineered a hydrogel that, when injected into the cavity, thickens to create a scaffolding into which blood vessels and neurons can grow. The gel is infused with medications that stimulate blood vessel growth and suppress inflammation, since inflammation results in scars and impedes functional tissue from regrowing.
After 16 weeks, the stroke cavities contained regenerated brain tissue, including new neuronal connections — a result that had not been seen before. The mice’s ability to reach for food improved, a sign of improved motor behavior, although the exact mechanism for the improvement wasn’t clear.
“The new axons could actually be working,” Segura said. “Or the new tissue could be improving the performance of the surrounding, unharmed brain tissue.”
The gel was eventually absorbed by the body, leaving behind only new tissue.
The research was designed to explore recovery in acute stroke, the period immediately following a stroke — in mice, that period lasts five days; in humans, it’s two months. Next, Carmichael and Segura plan to investigate whether brain tissue can be regenerated in mice long after the stroke injury. More than 6 million Americans are living with long-term effects of stroke, which is known as chronic stroke.
The Latest on: Stroke
via Google News
The Latest on: Stroke
- Postoperative atrial fibrillation is as likely to cause stroke as 'non-surgery' AF development: Studyon August 4, 2022 at 8:00 am
USA: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) after noncardiac surgery is tied to a similar risk of thromboembolism versus nonoperative AF, researchers report in a study published in Annals of Internal ...
- Social isolation and loneliness increase the risk of death from heart attack, strokeon August 4, 2022 at 2:00 am
Social isolation and loneliness are associated with about a 30% increased risk of heart attack or stroke, or death from either, according to a new scientific statement from the American Heart ...
- A woman who had a stroke at age 26 is speaking out about the risks of birth controlon August 3, 2022 at 10:53 am
Jenna Goldman developed a severe migraine, body tingling, and vision loss at age 26. She'd had a stroke, and doctors linked it to birth control pills.
- 'Properties of Thirst': A stroke could not stop Marianne Wiggins writing a great American novelon August 2, 2022 at 4:01 am
While working on “Properties of Thirst,” Wiggins suffered a massive stroke. She recovered and with help finished the great American novel of 2022.
- Auburn Community Hospital earns stroke care recognitionon August 1, 2022 at 12:30 pm
Auburn Community Hospital has received the American Heart Association's Gold Plus "Get With the Guidelines" Stroke Quality Achievement Award for its stroke treatment program.
- Fast-acting immune cells provide powerful protection against strokeon August 1, 2022 at 9:00 am
A unique subset of white blood cells confers fast-acting and lasting protection against ischemic stroke in mice, University of Pittsburgh neurologists and immunologists reported in the Journal of ...
- Study finds people at high risk for stroke can lower their chances with good lifestyle choiceson August 1, 2022 at 8:00 am
Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability and dementia worldwide. But a new study found those at high genetic risk for stroke could reduce their chances through ...
- What are the symptoms of heat exhaustion, heat stroke?on August 1, 2022 at 6:36 am
With expected hot and humid weather to start August in the Omaha area, be aware of the warning signs for heat-related illnesses.
- Marion General Hospital awarded for top-notch stroke care for seventh consecutive yearon August 1, 2022 at 2:27 am
Marion General Hospital was named one of America's 100 best hospitals by healthgrades and won the highest award from the American Heart Association.
via Bing News | <urn:uuid:1f3d94fb-c56f-4fac-b7f9-df71c4b9f301> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://innovationtoronto.com/2018/05/hydrogel-helps-regrow-brain-tissue-after-stroke-in-mice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.947331 | 1,126 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Tradition and dexterity meet in the interventions of NeSpoon, the street artist from Warsaw known for his urban works inspired by the ancient art of lace. The latest mural is a tribute to the history of the city of Calais.
Steet art and laces
Painting and textile art mix with an extraordinary balance in the mural works of NeSpoon, the Polish art known throughout the world for its urban paintings inspired by the ancient art of lace. Conceived in relation to the environment, his interventions are presented as huge decorations full of details: the effect is that of a large weave full of “pitted” weaves and motifs inspired by the classic centerpieces used by our grandmothers.
A new urban work, recently presented in Calais – in the north of France – reaffirms the poetry and the expressive power of the artist’s research, confirming his marked ability and relating to the history of the place.
Made on the external facade of the Cité de la Dentelle et de la Mode de Calais – the museum dedicated to local fashion and textile art -, the painting consists of a series of sprayed floral motifs.
Extending over the entire wall of the building, the work descends from top to bottom, “covering” the entire structure like an enormous fragment of white fabric.
NeSpoon Calais homage
Created on the basis of a series of late 19th-century laces consulted in the museum’s archives, the mural refers to the rich textile history of the city of Calais – known for its companies and its tradition of craftsmanship in the manufacturing of fabrics.
In fact, since the end of the 19th century, Calais has hosted numerous textile artists and engineers of English origin who came overseas to escape the economic and social difficulties of the time. From that moment on, the city was considered a first-rate industrial center for the production of lace. A social and political history that NeSpoon wanted to remember with his work.
Images from instagram NeSpoon page | <urn:uuid:633fc61d-2ff5-4895-8237-5d048658e575> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.feeldesain.com/nespoon-crochet-street-art.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.960787 | 417 | 2.6875 | 3 |
1. Summer is the cheapest time of year to go
Accommodation rates are lower in the summer and early autumn, as Jamaica’s peak season is January to March. Yes, there’s a chance of showers, but these are usually over fairly quickly.
You can also enjoy events such as the Ocho Rios Jazz Festival (29 May to 5 June, 2016) and Reggae Sumfest at Montego Bay (17 to 23 July, 2016). October half term is another good time to catch the last of the summer sun.
2. Villas are no more expensive than in Europe
For example, it costs from £301pp per week staying at the three-bedroom Linga Awhile in Discovery Bay. We found a comparable luxury villa in Croatia from £314pp per week, but that price would be several times higher in other Mediterranean countries such as France and Italy.
3. There’s an amazing choice of activities…
Beach clubs with watersports, tennis and golf, swimming with dolphins ( the Half Moon hotel even has its own dolphin lagoon), polo, riding horses in the sea, spas…you name it and Jamaica has it.
4.…Bathwater temperatures for swimming
Sparklingly clean seawater with an average June sea temperature of 28.5 ° C (83.2 ° F). Then it keeps on heating up until September when it reaches to an average of 29.7 ° C (85.4 °F ). The average air temperature in Jamaica is 28°C (82.4°F) all year round, so there’s never a bad time to visit.
5.…Fun and fabulous food
Apart from the miles and miles of sandy white beaches, there’s rum and good food around every corner. From jerk chicken and pork, to fried plantain…the cuisine has influences from Africa, India, France, and Spain. Then, of course, there’s f resh lobster from the sea – the grilled lobster, coconut rice and mango salsa is delicious!
With its origins in African villages, music has always played an important part in Jamaican culture. It is full of history and stories of freedom, independence and politics, but was traditionally used to pass on messages and gossip, as well as to lighten the load of daily chores. Traditional dance music celebrates some of the island’s special holidays and events.
7. And also…
In a world increasingly fraught with terrorism, some of the traditional holiday destinations are losing their appeal. The Government’s current Foreign Travel Advice points out that France has declared a national state of emergency. In Spain the threat of terrorism is ‘high’, in Italy and Greece the level is ‘general’, in Turkey ‘further attacks could be indiscriminate’. ….whilst in Jamaica, the threat of terrorism is declared as ‘low’.
8 . Star Spotting
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales – Release date 2017 – filmed in Jamaica.
For more information visit Butler and Lloyd butlerandlloyd.com | <urn:uuid:2bf58165-d125-438d-a0a9-6e5b9f0d6e32> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.airlinedestinations.co.uk/butler-and-lloyds-top-8-reasons-to-visit-jamaica-this-summer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.946926 | 657 | 1.765625 | 2 |
A small child remains in the custody of a family member after she tested positive for marijuana and alcohol at birth. Welfare workers went to work researching the parents’ past and backgrounds to determine if they could care for the child. In California and other states, child custody rights may be suspended if parents abuse drugs and alcohol.
Authorities had been following the complex relationship between the couple for some time because of their reputation for violence towards others. They said the pair often wore masks or covered their faces, carried knives, and used pepper spray. Investigators had experience with them for many years and claimed they both have a history of mental illness and were heavily involved with the Department of Children and Family Services while growing up.
Staff at DCFS noted that scheduled visits made by the father to see the child while in foster care were sporadic and rarely reached the allotted two-hour time limit. His visits ceased when he was incarcerated and later died from stab wounds. The mother’s visits were not much better. She claims the two were engaged, but he used drugs, had mob affiliations and led a double life. She has since been charged with the stabbing death of her boyfriend.
Because of the severity of the charges against her, the woman has since surrendered her parental rights. Child custody remains with relatives, pending legal adoption proceedings. In California, family members who are concerned about the welfare of children in the custody of those struggling with addiction or mental illness may consider contacting an attorney for advice and guidance.
Source: pantagraph.com, “Child taken away from parents who shared long, troubled past”, Edith Brady-Lunny and Ryan Denham, April 9, 2018 | <urn:uuid:3b2d95c7-c299-4493-ab67-b0623a0db2fd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://violaw.com/blog/2018/04/child-custody-suspended-after-infant-tests-positive-for-drugs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.986519 | 339 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Pregnancy is full of joys, but it also brings some pain and discomfort. You may be worried about getting chiropractic care while pregnant, but for most women it can be very beneficial. There are some circumstances in which prenatal chiropractic care could be harmful, so it is important to discuss with your doctor before scheduling a chiropractic appointment. Once your doctor gives the okay, you and your baby can benefit from prenatal chiropractic care in a number of ways.
Changes to Posture
As your belly begins to grow, your center of gravity changes, and so does your posture. Your posture must compensate for the added weight in your abdomen. It can also cause your back to curve uncomfortably as you progress through your pregnancy. Chiropractic treatment can help realign your spine and pelvis so that you are better able to support the weight of the pregnancy comfortably and improve posture.
Pelvic alignment is important for your baby’s growth and health. It is quite common for the pelvis to become misaligned as your body changes and expands to make room for baby and prepare for delivery. When the pelvis is out of alignment it can cause the baby to become cramped, and in some cases may contribute to birth defects. A misaligned pelvis can also prevent the baby from moving into the optimal position for delivery.
Easier and Faster Labor
Studies have shown that prenatal chiropractic care can decrease the duration of labor and make it easier for mom and baby. When the spine and pelvis are appropriately aligned, the baby is able to move into position and past the pelvis into the birth canal without problems.
If you are expecting a new little one, prenatal chiropractic care can be an important part of your overall prenatal health and treatment. After speaking with your doctor, contact us for an appointment. Our chiropractors in St. Petersburg are specifically trained and experienced in prenatal chiropractic care. | <urn:uuid:4cd02c76-894f-4ffc-a1c0-228f08ed0033> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rubinhealthcenter.com/how-prenatal-chiropractic-care-is-beneficial-for-mom-and-baby/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.944175 | 403 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Posted on 28 February 2020
The study, led by the University of York, found evidence for a period of enhanced pre-industrial sea-level rise of about two to three millimetres per year in three locations: Nova Scotia, Maine and Connecticut.
The researchers say that the large rises at these three locations were natural, and partly related to the North Atlantic Oscillation – a large-scale atmospheric pressure see-saw over the North Atlantic region – and to periods of enhanced ice melt in the Arctic.
The authors of the study say cities like New York and Boston will have to take into account this natural variability in planning for future sea level rise.
The findings are based on sea level reconstructions derived from salt-marsh sediments from the Atlantic coast and from microscopic salt-marsh fossils.
Previous studies have shown that, since the 1950s, rates of sea level rise along the Atlantic coast of North America were faster than the global average – leading to this region coming to be known as a sea level rise “hotspot.”
However, lead author Prof Roland Gehrels, from the University of York’s Department of Environment and Geography, said this earlier rapid episode of sea level rise in the 18th Century wasn’t known before.
He said: “To find out what global warming is doing to sea levels today we need that base level from historical times.
“In the 20th Century we see rates of up to three or four millimetres per year, faster than in any century in at least the last 3000 years.
“In the 18th Century they were slightly slower, but still much quicker than you would expect for the Little Ice Age, partly because the Arctic was relatively warm during the 18th Century.
“It is pre-industrial so there are no anthropogenic forces - or human influences - at play, but in the 20th Century there may well have been.
“This means that those rapid episodes of sea level rise on the north east coast of North America in the 18th Century have a natural cause.”
Scientists say salt-marshes are good “archives” of sea levels as they contain several metres of sediment which contains data going back hundreds of years.
Prof Gehrels added: “The high rates in this “hotspot” could present significant coastal risks for large population centres if they are a persistent and recurring feature.
“The likely future sea level rise in places like New York City is expected to be considerably greater than the global average by the end of the 21st century.”
“Our findings suggest that enhanced rates of sea level rise along eastern North America are not only symptomatic of human activity, but might additionally arise from natural processes in the climate system.”
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The findings are published in Geophysical Research Letters and involved collaboration with the University of Leeds; Durham University; Bangor University; the National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts, USA; Old Dominion University, Virginia, USA; and the University of Siegen, Germany. Explore our research | <urn:uuid:c3fe1da0-8e42-44fd-b0ee-55b565d5d55f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.york.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/2020/research/sea-levels-atlantic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.947584 | 677 | 3.921875 | 4 |
[Book Review] Transforming Digital Learning and Assessment: A Guide to Available and Emerging Practices and Building Institutional Consensus, edited by Peggy L. Maki and Peter Shea
Hutchings, Pat, ed. 2000. Opening Lines: Approaches to the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning. Carnegie Publications, the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
Maki, Peggy L. and Shea, Peter. 2021. Transforming Digital Learning and Assessment: A Guide to Available and Emerging Practices and Building Institutional Consensus. Stylus.
Simmons, Nicola. 2020. The 4M Framework as Analytic Lens for SoTL’s Impact: A Study of Seven Scholars. Teaching & Learning Inquiry, 8, no. 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.8.1.6.
How to Cite
Copyright (c) 2021 Lauren Hays
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. | <urn:uuid:46dd1e86-3888-4f54-901c-ad04ac38be7c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/TLI/article/view/72958 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.762454 | 248 | 1.929688 | 2 |
- How to install and configure Node.js and run a “Hello, world!” app by the end of the first chapter.
- Everything you need to launch your own Node app—from planning to development and testing to deploying—by performing hands-on projects and challenges.
- How to deploy your application to the web using familiar tools and services, including Git, GitHub, and Visual Studio Code.
Learning Node.js Development
Learn the fundamentals of Node.js, and deploy and test Node.js applications on the web | <urn:uuid:72f1f228-5161-46cc-9391-3ed7dda1e829> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/resources/learning-node-js-development/en-us/?ocid=AID756500&wt.mc_id=CFID00000 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.821303 | 119 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Mabel and the Mountain
Mabel may be a small fly but she has Big Plans... 1. Climb a mountain 2. Host a dinner party 3. Make friends with a shark
Mabel's friends aren't being very helpful, but Mabel knows the truth about Big Plans: Don't listen to those who say you cannot. Listen to those who say you can! So, even though a mountain is very, very high and Mabel is very, very small she knows she shouldn't give up. And even though it might have been easier to fly up a tree, Mabel knows that she needs to keep going and climb!
Mabel is the best little fly to show readers big and small that there is nothing more important than the power of confidence, and believing in yourself! | <urn:uuid:d0f888bd-2f84-4450-8242-12fc7e0c6347> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ryebooks.co.uk/products/mabel-and-the-mountain | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.974161 | 165 | 1.976563 | 2 |
The European Parliament of Enterprises™ (EPE) is the largest event at EU level giving the floor directly to entrepreneurs.
It is organised once every two years by EUROCHAMBRES in collaboration with the European Parliament. The first edition was launched on 14 October 2008 on the occasion of EUROCHAMBRES’ 50th anniversary.
The concept of the European Parliament of Enterprises™ originated from the consideration that there is a democratic gap between the European institutions and the main actors of economic growth, entrepreneurs and that, consequently, European legislators do not sufficiently take into account entrepreneurs' concerns.
On the other hand, businesses are largely unfamiliar with the role and functioning of the European Union and the significance that the institutions’ decisions can have on their activities and results.
The EPE recreates a parliamentary session and gives the floor to European entrepreneurs. This highlights the "economic democracy” of the Chambers of Commerce and Industry through their representation and their structure.
The EPE is composed of the same number of entrepreneurs as the number of MEPs in the European Parliament and follows the same breakdown by country.
Thus, 751 entrepreneurs constituting the members of the EPE gather in the symbolic location of the Hemicycle of the European Parliament. 23 companies from non-EU countries participate as well.
Aims and objectives
The EPE aims to bring companies and Institutions face-to-face for one day, so as to enhance mutual understanding.
The EPE represents a unique opportunity for businesses to have a direct debate with high representatives of the EU institutions and to provide them with a direct bottom-up feedback on EU policies.
During the EPE entrepreneurs also exercise their voting rights on major EU business-related issues.
The results of the votes are presented by EUROCHAMBRES to the relevant political interlocutors from all the EU institutions as "the voice of European businesses”.
The European Parliament of Enterprises™ is organised with an active cooperation of EUROCHAMBRES' Member organisations. | <urn:uuid:0e6ac0dc-250d-42a0-a101-ee8db4f1fce9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.parliament-of-enterprises.eu/concept/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.938829 | 427 | 1.835938 | 2 |
The recent decision of the Supreme Court in Lalit Kumar Jain v. Union of India1 has set at rest a serious controversy under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (“IBC” or “the Code”) relating to personal guarantors of the corporate debtors (“PGCD”), that is to say, individuals who furnish their own personal guarantees (as promoters, Directors, etc.) to lenders and creditors for securing financial loans, advances, etc. for corporate persons who turn out to be defaulters viz. corporate debtors (“CD”). The Court has rejected the challenge by PGCD to the Central Government Notification dated 15-11-2019 by which PGCD were brought within the same operational net and regime of IBC as governs the CD themselves.
The verdict of the Supreme Court in Lalit Kumar Jain1 is an extremely elaborate one. IBC itself is a somewhat complex statute. Thus, in the very nature of things, the verdict too is a long, detailed and complicated one. PGCD advanced two main contentions before the Court in Lalit Kumar Jain1. The short study in the present article with the help of the statutory background of IBC (including certain amendments in IBC) is an endeavour to analyse and explain the said verdict on those two contentions in simple terms.
THE PARLIAMENTARY SCHEME OF ENFORCEMENT OF THE CODE
Parliament enacted IBC in 2016 as a comprehensive code of insolvency resolution, liquidation, bankruptcy, etc. governing both corporate persons as well as individuals and partnership firms. However, it did not enforce the provisions of IBC itself at the time of the enactment2. Rather it gave power to the Central Government under Section 1(3) to enforce the provisions of IBC by means of notification in the Official Gazette, enabling it to bring different provisions of IBC into force on different dates.
Accordingly, from time to time on different dates as early as in 2016 and 2017, the Central Government issued different notifications enforcing different provisions contained in Part II of IBC which pertained to insolvency resolution and liquidation for corporate persons. The notifications also enforced certain related provisions contained in Parts IV and V of IBC necessary for the working of Part II. These provisions pertained to the constitution of regulatory bodies; setting up of adjudicating and appellate authorities; ouster of jurisdiction of civil courts; overriding, repeal and amendment of sundry laws; power to make rules and regulations and so on for the sake of making Part II functional and operational.
However, the provisions contained in Part III of IBC pertaining to Insolvency Resolution and Bankruptcy for Individuals and Partnership Firms were not enforced by the Government at the same time as Part II. The result was that individuals and partnership firms continued to be governed by the old system and old laws of insolvency [namely, the Presidency Towns Insolvency Act, 1909 (PTA) and the Provincial Insolvency Act, 1920 (PIA)]. They remained unaffected by the modern mechanism, authorities and regulatory bodies set up under Part II IBC in keeping with UNO-advised international standards e.g. NCLT under Section 60, NCLAT under Section 61 and so on. In regard to such entities, Section 179 (Part III) provided a different body, the Debts Recovery Tribunal (DRT), as the adjudicatory authority. However, in the absence of enforcement of Part III (Sections 78 to 187) as a whole, even Section 179 (DRT) remained for creditors only a silent remedy on paper.
The “individuals” covered by Part III included the abovementioned class of PGCD i.e. individuals who had given personal guarantees to creditors for securing finances for corporate persons who had later defaulted in repayment to the creditors viz. “corporate debtors” or CD. Thus, as regards PGCD, as explained above, Section 179 (DRT) remained a silent remedy on paper. Though for the purposes of Section 60(2), Section 60(4) did vest in NCLT all the powers of the DRT as contemplated under Part III, in the absence of enforcement of Part III (Sections 78 to 187) itself, even Section 179 remained for NCLT and the creditors of CD wholly a chimerical and distant dream.
In other words, PGCD in actuality remained excluded from any resolution process going on against a CD before NCLT under Section 60 of Part II. So no remedy before NCLT and also no procedure under Part II or even Part III was available to the creditors in respect of PGCD.
THE AMENDING ACTS 8 AND 26 OF 2018
As mentioned above, different provisions of IBC were enforced by the Central Government on different dates by means of multiple notifications issued under Section 1(3) in 2016 and 2017. In addition, Parliament enacted Act 8 of 2018 and Act 26 of 2018 for amending IBC. The former amended Section 2(e) w.e.f. 23-11-20173 and the latter amended Sections 60(2) and (3) w.e.f. 6-6-2018.4
Amendment and enforcement of Section 2(e)
The legislative amendment and evolution of Section 2(e) can be understood by taking into consideration the following different kinds of entities:
Corporate persons as debtors
Section 2 in Part I of IBC initially provided for “application” of IBC to different kinds of entities as mentioned in five different clauses : clauses (a) to (e). Clauses (a) to (d) of Section 2 enumerated certain kinds of corporate entities whereas clause (e) thereof described a combined group of non-corporate entities as “partnership firms and individuals”.
Part II Chapters I and II containing Sections 4 to 54 provided for insolvency resolution and liquidation for corporate persons.
Section 2(a) to (d) in Part I (titled “Preliminary”) and Sections 4 to 32 in Part II Chapters I and II (titled “Preliminary” and “Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process”, respectively) were enforced by the Central Government by means of Notification dated 30-11-2016 w.e.f. 1-12-2016. The remaining provisions, Sections 33 to 54 in Part II Chapter III (titled “Liquidation Process”) were enforced by the Central Government by means of Notification dated 9-12-2016 w.e.f. 15-12-2016.
Both the above notifications were issued on different dates under Section 1(3) IBC.
Personal guarantors to corporate debtors (a sub-group of Individuals)
As mentioned above, the provision in Section 2(e) originally read as “partnership firms and individuals”. At the outset, when the provisions for CD were enforced in 2016-2017, the provision in Section 2(e) was left unenforced. As regards this category, it is Part III containing Sections 78 to 187 which is relevant. Part III provides for matters pertaining to Insolvency Resolution Process and Bankruptcy for Individuals and Partnership Firms.
In 2018, the Code was amended twice over by Act 8 of 2018 and Act 26 of 2018. The first amendment trifurcated the original combined group of entities contained in Section 2(e) viz. “partnership firms and individuals” into three splinter sub-groups. The sub-groups were covered respectively by three newly framed clauses (e), (f) and (g) in Section 2 as follows:
(e) personal guarantors to corporate debtors;
(f) partnership firms and proprietorship firms; and
(g) individuals, other than persons referred to in clause (e).
After the above trifurcation stood effected by amendment through Act 8 of 2018, certain provisions viz. the new Section 2(e) itself (Part I), Sections 78, 79 and 94 to 187 (Part III)5 and some related clauses of Sections 239, 240 and 249 (Part V)6 were enforced by the Central Government by means of the Notification dated 15-11-2019 which came to be impugned before the Court in Lalit Kumar Jain1. The enforcement was done w.e.f. 1-12-2019. The notification thus covered one particular sub-group and type of individuals viz. PGCD in the same insolvency resolution process and before the same adjudicating authority/appellate authority under IBC as govern the principal borrower in question, namely, the corporate debtor or the CD.
In other words, out of the larger group of “individuals”, a particular sub-group of individuals, namely, PGCD, came to be identified in the newly framed Section 2(e) and the new Section 2(e) was enforced by Notification dated 15-11-2019. The notification also enforced certain other provisions, namely, Sections 78, 79 and 94 to 187 (Part III) which provide for insolvency and bankruptcy of individuals and also Sections 239 (Power to make rules), 240 (Power to make regulations) and 249 ()(Part V) insofar as they relate to PGCD.
Amendment of Section 60
The provision in “Section 60 — Adjudicating authority for corporate persons” (Part II) had already been enforced earlier by a Notification in 20167. It provided for NCLT as the adjudicating authority in respect of CD.
Initially, Sections 60(2) and (3) had envisaged a limited application only to bankruptcy of PGCD along with resolution and/or liquidation in respect of CD under Part II.
The second amendment of 2018 viz. Act 26 of 2018 amended Sections 60(2) and (3) by specifically including and bringing liquidation of a “corporate guarantor” of a CD also within the jurisdiction of the said adjudicating authority, namely, NCLT.
On the other hand, Section 179 in Part III had originally declared a different authority, the Debt Recovery Tribunal (DRT), to be the adjudicating authority for all individuals and partnership firms covered by Part III but with the rider “Subject to the provisions of Section 60”. Correspondingly, Section 60(2) in Part II had proclaimed that it applies “notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the Code”.
With the amended Section 2(e) and various other provisions in the Code pertaining to PGCD getting enforced under Notification dated 15-11-2019, it became possible, in a given case, for individuals classified as a sub-group viz. “PGCD” in the new Section 2(e) to be subjected to insolvency proceedings before the same adjudicating authority/appellate authority (NCLT/NCLAT) who decided matters relating to the CD. This made possible a “unified adjudication” of all parties and issues concerned with a CD under one umbrella. Now, if the CD’s debt remained unpaid in spite of his personal guarantor, the personal guarantor would not stand discharged but would himself be forced to face bankruptcy proceedings before NCLT. The procedure for him, however, would not be as per Part II meant for CD. It would be in accordance with the regime crafted by Parliament for individuals separately in Part III of IBC.
With the amendment of Section 2(e) w.e.f 23-11-2017 (vide Act 8 of 2018) coupled with its enforcement w.e.f. 1-12-2019 (vide Notification dated 15-11-2019), the class of PGCD fell straight into the lap of NCLT much to the delight of the creditors of CD.
THE GENESIS OF THE CHALLENGE BEFORE THE SUPREME COURT
Prior to the Notification dated 15-11-2019, the exclusion of the individuals, namely, PGCD, from the insolvency resolution process of CD had been much to the detriment and chagrin of the lenders and creditors of CD. PGCD, despite their personal guarantees, would remain incorrigibly elusive and immune to the resolution proceedings undertaken by the creditors under IBC. They would leave the creditors high and dry with their unending litigious and evasive malpractices. The creditors were deeply aggrieved. Hence, the Government resolved to address the woes of the creditors and bring PGCD effectively into the same net under IBC as the CD.
As noticed above, the Notification dated 15-11-2019 was issued by the Central Government under Section 1(3) to enforce certain provisions of Part III pertaining to Insolvency Resolution and Bankruptcy for Individuals and Partnership Firms insofar as they related to one particular class of individuals, namely, PGCD so as to bring them within the bounds of IBC. It, however, left the very same provisions still unenforced in respect of all remaining individuals and partnership firms covered by Part III.
As a consequence of the notification, the class of PGCD got picked up as a special class of individuals who could now be dealt with by the creditors alongside the insolvency resolution process undertaken by them (the creditors) under Part II against the CD itself. They could be brought to book and made to account before the same adjudicating and appellate authorities under IBC as applied to the CD viz. NCLT and NCLAT. But the other class of individuals/partnership firms covered by Part III still remained unaffected by IBC.
The discrimination between the above two classes of individuals led to the challenge by PGCD before the Supreme Court in Lalit Kumar Jain1.
PGCD firstly questioned the power of the Government under Section 1(3) to enforce the provisions of IBC (Part III, etc.) selectively in respect of a particular class of individuals only, namely, PGCD without roping in all other individuals in general. This, according to PGCD, was not only outside and ultra vires the notifying (enforcing) power conferred upon the Central Government under Section 1(3) but also arbitrary and discriminatory towards PGCD. (Contention 1)
Another significant ground of challenge raised by PGCD before the Court was twofold : first, that as a consequence of the impugned notification, they had been deprived of their legal rights and protection as a surety (guarantor) under Sections 128, 133 and 140 of the Contract Act and second, that in spite of the fact that under Section 31(1) of IBC, an approved resolution plan in respect of a CD is final and binding for all concerned, the liability of PGCD is still kept alive. (Contention 2)
In re Contention 1 — Notification is ultra vires Section 1(3) and invalid
Submission by PGCD
The first contention of PGCD before the Court, in brief, was that when Section 1(3) gave to the Central Government power to issue different notifications for enforcing different provisions of the Code, it enabled the Government merely to issue such notifications on different “dates”, not for enforcing any provision only in respect of a selected class of persons to the exclusion of others. It is not possible for the Government to notify limited application of a provision meant for all individuals in general for one selected class of individuals only, namely, PGCD. Since the impugned notification did so, it is outside and ultra vires the power given to the Government under Section 1(3) and void.
PGCD conceded that in such situations the Government may be able to issue notifications at different “times” for enforcing the legislative provisions in phases in different territorial “regions” or “areas” of the State. But it cannot do so for applying the provisions to a limited class of persons, subjects or individuals when the provisions are intended to govern all of them in general. The submission was made with the help of various precedents. It had various constitutional offshoots, hues and shades which are broadly summarised as follows:
(i) Such application amounts to usurpation of essential legislative power by the executive which is unconstitutional. Parliament having enacted the law (IBC) in all its completeness as regards “place, person, laws, powers”, gave only a power of notification/enforcement of the law at such “time” as the Government may decide as an instance of “conditional legislation”. The Government has exceeded that power inasmuch as enforcement of the provisions only in respect of a certain class of individuals (PGCD) amounts to modification of the law (IBC). The Government is not authorised to do so by Parliament.
(ii) Provisions of Part III do not distinguish between an individual and a PGCD, both being referred to as the “debtors”. But the impugned notification in effect adds the words “only insofar as they relate to personal guarantors to corporate debtors” like a rider to each of the provisions/sections mentioned in the notification. That amounts to legislation by the executive.
(iii) The enforcement of the provisions in question in respect of PGCD alone is arbitrary and discriminatory, there being no intelligible differentia or rational basis to distinguish them from other individuals. Also the procedure in Part III is made available against PGCD now to both classes of creditors, financial and operational, who are otherwise entitled only to different sets of procedures under Part II governing insolvency of the CD. It treats unequals as equals.
(iv) There was also non-application of mind inasmuch as Section 243 which would have repealed the Presidency Towns Insolvency Act, 1909 (PTA) and Provincial Insolvency Act, 1920 (PIA) still remained unenforced. Resultantly, now insolvency proceedings against PGCD would lie before the adjudicating authority both under Part III of the Code as also under PTI and PIA—two self-contradictory legal regimes.
Submission by Union of India
For the Union of India and other respondents, the defense arguments were made on the lines that the Government or executive can always be entrusted with the task of implementing different provisions of a legislation as per its own wisdom and discretion at different times or in different geographical areas or from stage to stage or from one limited purpose to another. Such an exercise is not vitiated either on account of excessive delegation of legislative power or arbitrary exercise of administrative power by the Government. Various precedents were also cited in support.
By far the most direct, pertinent and outstanding authority in the context cited on behalf of the Union of India was Bennion on Statutory Interpretation : A Code (6th Edn., at p. 257). It endorses the use of power by the executive in such circumstances on different dates for different “purposes”. It is cited by the Court in para 35 of the judgment in Lalit Kumar Jain1 as follows : (SCC para 35)
35. It was argued that the executive has the power to bring into force any one provision of a statute at different times for different purposes, and that the Government can exercise this power to commence a provision for one purpose on one day and for the remaining purposes on a later date. He relied upon the following extract from Bennion on Statutory Interpretation : A Code (6th Edn., at p. 257):
“Where power is given to bring an Act into force by order, it is usual to provide flexibility by enabling different provisions to be brought into force at different times. Furthermore, any one provision may be brought into force at different times for different purposes. …
Advantages. This method of commencement gives all the advantages of extreme flexibility. Before a new Act is brought into operation, any necessary regulations or other instruments which need to be made under it can be drafted.”
The Court has in its judgment upheld the above view of the Union of India and rejected that of PGCD. However, curiously, the above authority (Bennion), remarkably relevant though it is to the context, does not feature in the “Analysis and Conclusions” section of the judgment1 of the Court contained in SCC paras 65 to 126.
Decision of the Court1
The judgment1 of the Court rejecting Contention 1 of PGCD is largely contained in SCC paras 90 to 114. Now that we have the benefit of the above introduction of statutory background of IBC and genesis of the challenge before the Supreme Court, one would do well, rather than paraphrasing the Court’s reasoning in one’s own words, to reproduce verbatim the reasoning of the Court in its original form from some of those paragraphs : (Lalit Kumar Jain case1, SCC paras 94-96, 103-09 & 112-14)
94. It is quite evident that the method adopted by the Central Government to bring into force different provisions of the Act had a specific design : to fulfil the objectives underlying the Code, having regard to its priorities. Plainly, the Central Government was concerned with triggering the insolvency mechanism processes in relation to corporate persons at the earliest. Therefore, by the first three notifications, the necessary mechanism such as setting up of the regulatory body, provisions relating to its functions, powers and the operationalization of provisions relating to insolvency professionals and agencies were brought into force. These started the mechanism through which insolvency processes were to be carried out and regulated by law. In the next phase, the part of the Code dealing with one of its subjects i.e. corporate persons [covered by Sections 2(a) to 2(d) of the Code] was brought into force. The entire process for conduct of insolvency proceedings and provisions relating to such corporate persons were brought into force. The other notifications brought into force certain consequential provisions, as well as provisions which give overriding effect to the Code (as also the provisions that amend or modify other laws). All these clearly show that the Central Government followed a stage-by-stage process of bringing into force the provisions of the Code, regard being had to the similarities or dissimilarities of the subject-matter and those covered by the Code.
95. As discussed in a previous part of this judgment, insolvency proceedings relating to individuals is regulated by Part III of the Code. Before the amendment of 2018, all individuals (personal guarantors to corporate debtors, partners of firms, partnership firms and other partners as well as individuals who were either partners or personal guarantors to corporate debtors) fell under one descriptive description under the unamended Section 2(e). The unamended Section 60 contemplated that the adjudicating authority in respect of personal guarantors was to be NCLT. Yet, having regard to the fact that Section 2 brought all three categories of individuals within one umbrella class as it were, it would have been difficult for the Central Government to selectively bring into force the provisions of Part III only in respect of personal guarantors. It was here that the Central Government heeded the reports of expert bodies which recommended that personal guarantors to corporate debtors facing insolvency process should also be involved in proceedings by the same adjudicator and for this, necessary amendments were required. Consequently, the 2018 Amendment Act altered Section 2(e) and subcategorized three categories of individuals, resulting in Sections 2(e), (f) and (g). Given that the earlier Notification of 30-11-2016 had brought the Code into force in relation to entities covered under Sections 2(a) to 2(d), the Amendment Act of 2018 provided the necessary statutory backing for the Central Government to apply the Code, in such a manner as to achieve the objective of the amendment, i.e. to ensure that adjudicating body dealing with insolvency of corporate debtors also had before it the insolvency proceedings of personal guarantors to such corporate debtors.
96. The amendment of 2018 also altered Section 60 in that insolvency and bankruptcy processes relating to liquidation and bankruptcy in respect of three categories i.e. corporate debtors, corporate guarantors of corporate debtors and personal guarantors to corporate debtors were to be considered by the same forum i.e. NCLT.
103. The theme of gradual implementation of law or legal principles, was also spoken about in Javed State of Haryana8 by this Court, which held that there is no constitutional imperative that a law or policy should be implemented all at once : (SCC p. 383, para 16)
“16. A uniform policy may be devised by the Centre or by a State. However, there is no constitutional requirement that any such policy must be implemented at one go. Policies are capable of being implemented in a phased manner. More so, when the policies have far-reaching implications and are dynamic in nature, their implementation in a phased manner is welcome for it receives gradual willing acceptance and invites lesser resistance.”
Similar observations were made in Pannalal Bansilal Pitti v. State of A.P.9 wherein the Court held that imposition of a uniform law, in some areas, or subjects may be counterproductive and contrary to public purpose. Sabanayagam10 too emphasised discretion to extend an enactment, having regard to the time, area of operation, and its applicability when it was emphasised that such power is “limited and almost ministerial function as an agent of the principal legislature applying the Act to the area at an appropriate time.”
104. The close proximity, or inter-relatedness of personal guarantors with corporate debtors, as opposed to individuals and partners in firms was noted by the report of the Working Group, which remarked that it:
“recognizes that dynamics, the interwoven connection between the corporate debtor and a guarantor (who has extended his personal guarantee for the corporate debtor) and the partnership firms engaged in business activities may be on distinct footing in reality, and would, therefore, require different treatment, because of economic considerations. Assets of the guarantor would be relevant for the resolution process of the corporate debtor. Between the financial creditor and the corporate debtor, mostly the guarantee would contain a covenant that as between the guarantor and the financial creditor, the guarantor is also a principal debtor, notwithstanding that he is guarantor to a corporate debtor.”
105. As noticed earlier, Section 60 had previously, under the original Code, designated NCLT as the adjudicating authority in relation to two categories : corporate debtors and personal guarantors to corporate debtors. The 2018 Amendment added another category : corporate guarantors to corporate debtors. The amendment seen in the background of the report, as indeed the scheme of the Code [i.e. Section 2(e), Section 5(22), Section 29-A, and Section 60], clearly show that all matters that were likely to impact, or have a bearing on a corporate debtor’s insolvency process, were sought to be clubbed together and brought before the same forum. Section 5(22) which is found in Part II (insolvency process provisions in respect of corporate debtors) as it was originally, defined personal guarantor to say that it “means an individual who is the surety in a contract of guarantee to a corporate debtor.” There are two more provisions relevant for the purpose of this judgment. They are Sections 234 and 235 of the Code; …
106. These two provisions also reveal that the scheme of the Code always contemplated that overseas assets of a corporate debtor or its personal guarantor could be dealt with in an identical manner during insolvency proceedings, including by issuing letters of request to courts or authorities in other countries for the purpose of dealing with such assets located within their jurisdiction.
107. The impugned notification operationalises the Code so far as it relates to personal guarantors to corporate debtors:
107.1. (1) Section 79 pertains to the definitional section for the purposes of insolvency resolution and bankruptcy for individuals before the adjudicating authority.
107.2. (2) Sections 94 to 187 outline the entire structure regarding initiation of the resolution process for individuals before the adjudicating authority.
108. The impugned notification authorises the Central Government and the Board to frame rules and regulations on how to allow the pending actions against a personal guarantor to a corporate debtor before the adjudicating authority. The intent of the notification, facially, is to allow for pending proceedings to be adjudicated in terms of the Code. Section 243, which provides for the repeal of the personal insolvency laws has not as yet been notified. Section 60(2) prescribes that in the event of an ongoing resolution process or liquidation process against a corporate debtor, an application for resolution process or bankruptcy of the personal guarantor to the corporate debtor shall be filed with NCLT concerned seized of the resolution process or liquidation. Therefore, the adjudicating authority for personal guarantors will be NCLT, if a parallel resolution process or liquidation process is pending in respect of a corporate debtor for whom the guarantee is given. The same logic prevails, under Section 60(3), when any insolvency or bankruptcy proceeding pending against the personal guarantor in a court or tribunal and a resolution process or liquidation is initiated against the corporate debtor. Thus if A, an individual is the subject of a resolution process before the DRT and he has furnished a personal guarantee for a debt owed by a company B, in the event a resolution process is initiated against B in an NCLT, the provision results in transferring the proceedings going on against A in the DRT to NCLT.
109. This Court in Ramakrishnan11, noticed why an application under Section 60(2) could not be allowed. At that stage, neither Part III of the Code nor Section 243 had not been notified. This meant that proceedings against personal guarantors stood outside NCLT and the Code. The non-obstante provision under Section 238 gives the Code overriding effect over other prevailing enactments. This is perhaps the rationale for not notifying Section 243 as far as personal guarantors to corporate persons are concerned. …The impugned notification, as a consequence of the non obstante clause in Section 238, has the result that if any proceeding were to be initiated against personal guarantors it would be under the Code.
112. The argument that the insolvency processes, application of moratorium and other provisions are incongruous, and so on, in the opinion of this Court, are insubstantial. The insolvency process in relation to corporate persons [a compendious term covering all juristic entities which have been described in Sections 2(a) to (d) of the Code] is entirely different from those relating to individuals; the former is covered in the provisions of Part II and the latter, by Part III. Section 179, which defines what the adjudicating authority is for individuals is “subject to” Section 60. Section 60(2) is without prejudice to Section 60(1) and notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the Code, thus giving overriding effect to Section 60(2) as far as it provides that the application relating to insolvency resolution, liquidation or bankruptcy of personal guarantors of such corporate debtors shall be filed before NCLT where proceedings relating to corporate debtors are pending. Furthermore, Section 60(3) provides for transfer of proceedings relating to personal guarantors to that NCLT which is dealing with the proceedings against corporate debtors. After providing for a common adjudicating forum, Section 60(4) vests NCLT “with all the powers of the DRT as contemplated under Part III of this Code for the purpose of sub-section (2)”. Section 60(4) thus (a) vests all the powers of DRT with NCLT and (b) also vests NCLT with powers under Part III. Parliament therefore merged the provisions of Part III with the process undertaken against the corporate debtors under Part II, for the purpose of Section 60(2) i.e. proceedings against personal guarantors along with corporate debtors. Section 179 is the corresponding provision in Part III. It is “subject to the provisions of Section 60”. Section 60(4) clearly incorporates the provisions of Part III in relation to proceedings before NCLT against personal guarantors.
113. It is clear from the above analysis that Parliamentary intent was to treat personal guarantors differently from other categories of individuals. The intimate connection between such individuals and corporate entities to whom they stood guarantee, as well as the possibility of two separate processes being carried on in different forums, with its attendant uncertain outcomes, led to carving out personal guarantors as a separate species of individuals, for whom the adjudicating authority was common with the corporate debtor to whom they had stood guarantee. The fact that the process of insolvency in Part III is to be applied to individuals, whereas the process in relation to corporate debtors, set out in Part II is to be applied to such corporate persons, does not lead to incongruity. On the other hand, there appear to be sound reasons why the forum for adjudicating insolvency processes – the provisions of which are disparate — is to be common, i.e through NCLT. As was emphasised during the hearing, NCLT would be able to consider the whole picture, as it were, about the nature of the assets available, either during the corporate debtor’s insolvency process, or even later; this would facilitate the CoC in framing realistic plans, keeping in mind the prospect of realising some part of the creditors’ dues from personal guarantors.
114. In view of the above discussion, it is held that the impugned notification is not an instance of legislative exercise, or amounting to impermissible and selective application of provisions of the Code. There is no compulsion in the Code that it should, at the same time, be made applicable to all individuals, (including personal guarantors) or not at all. There is sufficient indication in the Code — by Section 2(e), Section 5(22), Section 60 and Section 179 indicating that personal guarantors, though forming part of the larger grouping of individuals, were to be, in view of their intrinsic connection with corporate debtors, dealt with differently, through the same adjudicatory process and by the same forum (though not insolvency provisions) as such corporate debtors. The notifications under Section 1(3), (issued before the impugned notification was issued) disclose that the Code was brought into force in stages, regard being had to the categories of persons to whom its provisions were to be applied. The impugned notification, similarly, inter alia, makes the provisions of the Code applicable in respect of personal guarantors to corporate debtors, as another such category of persons to whom the Code has been extended. It is held that the impugned notification was issued within the power granted by Parliament, and in valid exercise of it. The exercise of power in issuing the impugned notification under Section 1(3) is therefore, not ultra vires; the notification is valid.
(emphasis in original and supplied)
In re Contention 2 — PGCD deprived of their rights as “surety”
Submission by PGCD
The second contention raised by PGCD before the Court was twofold. The submissions in that regard were made by PGCD conjointly with reference to the Contract Act, 1872 and IBC. They are summarised below:
(i) Rights of guarantor under Sections 128, 131 and 140 of the Contract Act
First submission was that, as a consequence of the impugned Notification, PGCD had been deprived of their legal rights as a surety (guarantor) to discharge under Sections 128, 133 and 140 of the Contract Act12. The liability of the surety under Section 128 being co-extensive with that of the principal debtor, the surety has a right under Section 133 read with Section 140 to be discharged from his liability as soon as there is “resolution” under Section 31(1) IBC, more so when the resolution amounts to “variance” in the terms of the contract with the surety.
(ii) Immunity under Section 31(1) IBC to all concerned
Secondly, in spite of the fact that as per Section 31 IBC13, an approved resolution plan in respect of a CD is final and binding on all concerned, the liability of PGCD is kept alive. It is settled law that upon the conclusion of insolvency proceedings against the CD, there is extinction of all claims against the CD, except to the extent admitted in the insolvency resolution process itself. That is why the resolution plan is made final and binding on all concerned by Section 31(1). Now, with the impugned notification, the creditors are enabled to unjustly enrich themselves by a “double dip” process by being allowed, after the resolution process against the CD under Part II, to claim in the insolvency process of the guarantor under Part III also without accounting for the amount already realised by them in the corporate insolvency resolution process of the CD under Part II of the Code.
Indeed, the Court summed up the intertwined twofold contention and grievance of PGCD in para 118 of the judgment as follows : (Lalit Kumar Jain case1, SCC para 118)
118. All creditors and other classes of claimants, including financial and operational creditors, those entitled to statutory dues, workers, etc. who participate in the resolution process, are heard and those in relation to whom the CoC accepts or rejects pleas, are entitled to vent their grievances before NCLT. After considering their submissions and objections, the resolution plan is accepted and approved. This results in finality as to the claims of creditors, and others, from the company (i.e. the company which undergoes the insolvency process). The question which the petitioners urge is that in view of this finality, their liabilities would be extinguished; they rely on Sections 128, 133 and 140 of the Contract Act to urge that creditors cannot therefore, proceed against them separately.
Decision of the Court1
The Court, however, rejected the above twofold contention of PGCD with an equally deft two-pronged and interwoven rationale. The rationale covered in its wings the objections raised by PGCD with reference to both the Contract Act and IBC.
As regards Sections 128, 133 and 140 of the Contract Act, the Court held that the guarantor gets relieved of his obligations under the provisions only if the terms of the contract are not worded otherwise and also only if it is the consequence of a voluntary act of variance of the contract of guarantee by the principal debtor. The guarantor does not get relieved when the principal debtor himself is subjected to any variation of the contract on account of operation of law such as a resolution plan being approved by the adjudicating authority under Section 31(1) IBC.
As regards Section 31(1) IBC, the Court founded its reasoning on various past precedents of the Court on the subject and held that the resolution plan, even on its approval under Section 31(1), does not necessarily end in discharge of the guarantor; on the other hand, it may well permit the creditors of the CD to continue to pursue the guarantor for recovering whatever gap or shortfall remains to be filled up in the recovery of their dues from the CD.
All in all, the Court dealt with both the issues in an extremely cogent and persuasive manner. Some of the observations of the Court are contained in SCC paras 119 to 125. The more salient observations are as follows : (Lalit Kumar Jain case1, SCC paras 119-20 & 122)
119. In Vijay Kumar Jain Standard Chartered Bank14, this Court, while dealing with the right of erstwhile Directors participating in meetings of Committee of Creditors observed that : (SCC p. 475, para 19)
“19.3. … we find that Section 31(1) of the Code would make it clear that such members of the erstwhile Board of Directors, who are often guarantors, are vitally interested in a resolution plan as such resolution plan then binds them. Such plan may scale down the debt of the principal debtor, resulting in scaling down the debt of the guarantor as well, or it may not. The resolution plan may also scale down certain debts and not others, leaving guarantors of the latter kind of debts exposed for the entire amount of the debt.
19.4. The Regulations also make it clear that these persons are vitally interested in resolution plans as they affect them.”
120. The rationale for allowing Directors to participate in meetings of the CoC is that the Directors’ liability as personal guarantors persists against the creditors and an approved resolution plan can only lead to a revision of amount or exposure for the entire amount. Any recourse under Section 133 of the Contract Act to discharge the liability of the surety on account of variance in terms of the contract, without her or his consent, stands negated by this Court, in Ramakrishnan11 wherein it was observed that the language of Section 31 makes it clear that the approved plan is binding on the guarantor, to avoid any attempt to escape liability under the provisions of the Contract Act. It was observed that : (SCC p. 411, para 25)
“25. … Section 31(1), in fact, makes it clear that the guarantor cannot escape payment as the resolution plan, which has been approved, may well include provisions as to payments to be made by such guarantor.”
122. It is therefore, clear that the sanction of a resolution plan and finality imparted to it by Section 31 does not per se operate as a discharge of the guarantor’s liability. As to the nature and extent of the liability, much would depend on the terms of the guarantee itself. However, this Court has indicated, time and again, that an involuntary act of the principal debtor leading to loss of security, would not absolve a guarantor of its liability. In Maharashtra SEB15 the liability of the guarantor (in a case where liability of the principal debtor was discharged under the insolvency law or the company law), was considered. It was held that in view of the unequivocal guarantee, such liability of the guarantor continues and the creditor can realise the same from the guarantor in view of the language of Section 128 of the Contract Act as there is no discharge under Section 134 of that Act.
As regards the specific argument of “double dip” and unjust enrichment, the Court distinguished the concept of “double dip” from “double proof” and, with the help of a prior judgment, laid down the law as follows : (Lalit Kumar Jain case1, SCC paras 124-25)
124. In Kaupthing Singer and Friedlander Ltd. (No. 2), In re16 the UK Supreme Court reviewed a large number of previous authorities on the concept of double proof i.e. recovery from guarantors in the context of insolvency proceedings. The Court held that : (AC p. 814, para 11)
“11. The function of the rule is not to prevent a double proof of the same debt against two separate estates (that is what insolvency practitioners call “double dip”). The rule prevents a double proof of what is in substance the same debt being made against the same estate, leading to the payment of a double dividend out of one estate. It is for that reason sometimes called the rule against double dividend. In the simplest case of suretyship (where the surety has neither given nor been provided with security, and has an unlimited liability) there is a triangle of rights and liabilities between the principal debtor (PD), the surety (S) and the creditor (C). PD has the primary obligation to C and a secondary obligation to indemnify S if and so far as S discharges PD’s liability, but if PD is insolvent S may not enforce that right in competition with C. S has an obligation to C to answer for PD’s liability, and the secondary right of obtaining an indemnity from PD. C can (after due notice) proceed against either or both of PD and S. If both PD and S are in insolvent liquidation, C can prove against each for 100p in the pound but may not recover more than 100p in the pound in all.”
125. In view of the above discussion, it is held that approval of a resolution plan does not ipso facto discharge a personal guarantor (of a corporate debtor) of her or his liabilities under the contract of guarantee. As held by this Court, the release or discharge of a principal borrower from the debt owed by it to its creditor, by an involuntary process i.e. by operation of law, or due to liquidation or insolvency proceeding, does not absolve the surety/guarantor of his or her liability, which arises out of an independent contract.
(emphasis in original and supplied)
CONCLUSION — HYBRIDISATION AND LEGISLATIVE FUSION
To sum up, the Supreme Court has in Lalit Kumar Jain1 finally resolved the crisis in cases where the creditors of CD are not able to recover their dues from the assets of the CD in the resolution/liquidation proceedings under Part II IBC. It has shown the way for such creditors to pursue their remedies against the assets of PGCD under Part III of IBC and that too before the same fora, NCLT/NCLAT, as are entrusted with the task of adjudicating all matters pertaining to the CD.
The process was appropriately described before the Supreme Court by one of the respondents as a process of “parliamentary hybridisation and legislative fusion”. It was aptly and pithily encapsulated in the following words as stated in para 53 of the judgment : (Lalit Kumar Jain case1, SCC para 53)
53. The learned Senior Counsel highlighted Sections 60(1), (2), (3) and (4) and urged that Parliament had merged the provisions of Part III with the process undertaken against the corporate debtors under Part II. The process of Part II and the provisions of Part III were legislatively fused for the purpose of proceedings against personal guarantors along with the corporate debtors. … It is contended that the hybridization achieved by the impugned notification does not create any anomaly or problem in enforcement.
The Supreme Court has upheld the above submission virtually in toto in Lalit Kumar Jain1.
2. IBC received the assent of the President of India and was published in the Gazette of India on 28-5-2016.
3. Though amended w.e.f. 23-11-2017, the amended Section 2(e) came to be enforced only by Notification dated 15-11-2019 w.e.f. 1-12-2019.
4. Section 60 had already stood enforced earlier by Notification dated 30-11-2016 w.e.f. 1-12-2016. The amendment in sub-sections (2) and (3) of Section 60 took effect instantaneously with the date of the amendment itself.
5. Titled “Insolvency Resolution and Bankruptcy for Individuals and Partnership Firms”.
6. Titled “Miscellaneous”.
7. Vide Notification dated 30-11-2016 w.e.f. 1-12-2016. | <urn:uuid:ac2045b6-41b1-453a-9969-6962b7b22ff8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/tag/nclat/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.955329 | 9,971 | 1.796875 | 2 |
A recent report by Ballotpedia has finished examining the results and races of last year’s state legislative chambers. There were a handful of shocking “swing state” surprises, but overall, races in this election were decided by narrower margins. This showcases the shifting priorities experienced across the United States and increases the uncertainty of the upcoming midterm elections.
What is the Margin of Victory?
In an election, the “margin of victory” is the difference between the vote share received by the winner minus the vote share of the closest runner-up. For example, in a two-candidate election where the winner gets 60% of the vote and the runner-up gets 40% of all casted votes, then the margin of victory is 20%.
Meanwhile, in a four-candidate race, where the winner gets 35% of the votes, the second-place finisher gets 30%, and the other two candidates combined get another 35%, the margin of victory is just 5%.
Margins of victory tell us two things: first, the degree of widespread support a candidate enjoys – and by extension, the relative safety of the seat for the next election cycle. Candidates that win with narrow margins of 5% or less are likely to face continuous opposition and questioning. They may not feel free to enact the same bills as those with a solid base. They may also have a more challenging time securing donations or private-sector support, as they are not seen as a “safe bet” with a good investment return.
Second, the way margins shift between election cycles is also telling. This is particularly important for State elections, which generally have lower turnovers. Abrupt changes in a state’s victory margins usually follow widespread disenchantment, grassroots efforts that went under the radar, or a change in the make-up of the population that cares enough to vote. They tell us just as much about who is voting as about who is being voted for.
A Brief Summary of the 2021 Elections
The 2021 state elections decided the fates of 220 seats across two states: New Jersey (which elected a new State Senate and a new General Assembly) and Virginia (which reshuffled its House of Delegates).
Both New Jersey and Virginia are middle-income states, which, despite being located on the solidly blue East Coast, are often considered key battleground states.
According to Ballotpedia’s report, the average margin of victory across all three elections was 23.6%. This is a slight decrease from the previous election, where the average victory margin was 26%. Seats won by Democrats were usually slightly more comfortable than those won by Republican candidates: on average, Democrats won with a margin of 25.7%, while Republican candidates only had a margin of 21.2%
However, 46 seats were decided with narrow margins of 10% or less. In addition, a State-by-State analysis reveals a few more interesting surprises that could help predict 2022 results.
Results by state
The New Jersey General Assembly has the narrowest margin of all three bodies, with an average of just 13%. However, their State Senate compensated for this, with an average of 26.1%.
This State is quickly turning out into a headache for Democrats. All incumbents who were not reelected (2 on the Upper Chamber and 5 on the General Assembly) were democrats.
On the other hand, the Virginia elections were more mixed. Twenty-five seats had been flagged as swing or battleground seats in this state, and Democrats held onto most of them, but they also lost 7incubent seats, which went to Republican representatives.
For 2022, Watch out for These Three Seats
Finally, there were three seats, all won by Republicans, where the election was decided by 0.5% or less. These are:
New Jersey’s District 11 (suburban Northern New Jersey)
Virginia’s District 91 (City of Poquoson)
Virginia’s District 85 (Virginia Beach)
In the case of District 91, the final difference was just 94 votes. This could pose future trouble for winner Aijalon Cordoza, but a fertile ground for citizen activism and fundraising activities. It will be interesting to see whether these margins consolidate or turn the other way this November.
Grassroots Pulse covers public policy and political issues aimed at engaging highly-active policy makers, donors, and grassroots leaders at the forefront of the political process in America today. | <urn:uuid:0c1ae9ba-7814-4e48-a196-47b7ce96ecfa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.grassrootspulse.com/news/2021-elections-narrower-margins-but-fewer-close-calls?hsLang=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.976127 | 922 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Volume 21, Number 7—July 2015
Asymptomatic Malaria and Other Infections in Children Adopted from Ethiopia, United States, 2006–2011
|Characteristic or finding||Malaria, no. (%)
||Sensitivity, %||Specificity, %||PPV, %||NPV, %|
|Positive, n = 7†||Negative, n = 45|
|History of hepatomegaly||0||1 (2.2)||0||97.8||0||86.3|
|History of splenomegaly||3 (42.8)||2 (4.4)||42.8||95.6||60.0||91.5|
|Presence of splenomegaly during examination||2 (28.6)||3 (6.7)||28.6||92.3||40.0||89.4|
|Presence of hepatomegaly during examination||1 (14.3)||7 (15.6)||14.3||84.4||12.5||86.4|
|History of splenomegaly or presence during examination||3 (42.8)||4 (8.9)||42.8||91.1||42.9||91.1|
|Hemoglobin level of <11 g/dL||2 (28.6)||6 (13.3)||28.6||87.7||25.0||88.7|
*NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value.
†Children who were malaria-positive by blood smear or PCR testing.
Page created: June 15, 2015
Page updated: June 15, 2015
Page reviewed: June 15, 2015
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above. | <urn:uuid:02ec4f3a-edd9-4cf1-8433-a0f74ef718f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/21/7/14-1933-t1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.825265 | 462 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Yesterday’s shameful passing of the Data Retention and Investigatory Powers Act, nodded through without amendment and without even the perceived need for a vote in the House of Lords, was not just very bad news for the UK, it was bad news for the world.
The ease with which it was passed, the speed with which it was passed, and the breadth of the powers granted send signals around the world. Some of us have been warning about this effect for a long time – what we do in the UK is being watched around the world. If we, as a supposedly mature, liberal democracy believe that mass surveillance is OK, then that means that anyone could do it. Indeed, that any sensible state should do it.
I’ve been accused of paranoia by making such a suggestion. After all, this is just ‘emergency’ legislation, a mere stop-gap while a proper review of investigatory powers and data gathering goes on. Well, within a few short hours of the passing of DRIP, its echoes were already being heard the other side of the world. Australia’s Attorney-General, George Brandis, used DRIP as an example, seemingly to help push forward his own proposals for data retention. As reported in ZDNet, he said:
‘The question of data retention is under active consideration by the government. I might point out to you as recently as yesterday, the House of Commons passed a new data retention statute. This is very much the way in which western nations are going.’
This is how it goes – and one of the many reasons that the passing of DRIP yesterday was so shameful. If the UK does it, Australia does it. Then New Zealand and Canada. Each new country adds to the weight of the argument. Everyone’s doing it, why not us? If the UK thinks it needs this to keep its citizens safe, we need it too? By the time the long-distant sunset clause kicks in, the end of 2016, every new country that’s added a data retention law to its books, however temporary, will be another reason to extend our own security services’ powers. It’s a vicious or virtuous circle, depending on your perspective.
Of course the normalisation works in different ways too. Less scrupulous nations will be able to say that if the Brits do it, so can we – and we won’t be able to claim that they’re oppressing their population, if we do the same to our own. Further, our security services will require more and more technology to do the surveillance – and the people who develop that technology will be looking for new markets. They may sell them to the Australians – but more likely they’ll find ready markets in governments with less of a tradition of liberalism and democracy. There’s a fine selection of such nations all around the world. They’ll also find markets of other kinds – businesses wishing to use surveillance for their own purposes… whether scrupulous or not. The very criminals that the supporters of DRIP like to scare us with will be looking too – there are so many uses for surveillance that it’s hard to know where to start.
Well, actually, it should have been easy to know where to start. To make a stand. To try to normalise freedom and privacy, respect for citizens fundamental rights and a willingness for open, honest debate on the subject. That, however, would have required rejecting DRIP. We didn’t do that. Shame on us. | <urn:uuid:8ebc7e69-4203-4a46-a3fe-95735ea1b914> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thejusticegap.com/drip-normalising-surveillance-state/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.966701 | 734 | 2.125 | 2 |
New PSAs from the Ad Council and COVID Collaborative Speak to Those Still Hesitant About Vaccination Across Rural Communities
NEW YORK, NY, October 19, 2021 — In September 2021, incidence rates of COVID-19 in rural America were roughly 54% higher than elsewhere in the country according to the Rural Policy Research Institute. As this disparity and rates of vaccine hesitancy continue, the Ad Council and COVID Collaborative partnered with trusted rural voices like the American Farm Bureau Federation, the Cooperative Extension System and others to release new PSAs today that feature and speak to rural Americans from across the country. The PSAs showcase the firsthand impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccines for seven individuals and families, encouraging Americans who may still be questioning the vaccines to seek the latest accurate information about getting vaccinated.
“With the disproportionate impact of the pandemic in rural areas across the country, it’s critically important that Americans in rural communities hear these powerful stories from each other, their neighbors,” said Lisa Sherman, President and CEO of the Ad Council. “We’re grateful to these individuals and their families for sharing their powerful and poignant stories. Our aim is to uplift their voices, meet rural Americans where they are, and let these experiences inspire millions more to feel confident in the vaccines.”
Research from the Rural Policy Research Institute showed that rural counties had higher rates of COVID-19 than their urban counterparts in 39 states this September. However, large groups among the rural population who remain undecided about vaccination continue to have concerns about long-term side effects of the vaccines (73.7%) and doubts about the efficacy of vaccination (69.6%) due to new breakthrough cases, according to recent Ad Council research. Recent CDC data reveals that 35% of rural Americans are unvaccinated, which is a vaccination rate 10% lower than their urban and suburban counterparts.
“I shared openly about getting COVID last year and about getting vaccinated--not wanting to meet with that virus again. I appreciate the many other farmers, ranchers and rural neighbors who are sharing their journeys, too, including those in these new PSAs,” said Zippy Duvall, President of the American Farm Bureau Federation. “Farmers and ranchers are stronger together, and that especially goes for getting ahold of the pandemic. You can’t go wrong in seeking out information about your COVID-19 vaccination options from a trusted source, like your doctor, and we’re proud to be a part of empowering Americans to make that choice.”
The PSAs highlight experiences from a wide variety of individuals, including family pharmacists in Texas, a football coach in North Carolina, newlyweds in Mississippi, family farmers in Kansas and Georgia, a lifelong cowboy in Texas and a self-proclaimed “sports mom” in Georgia. The breadth of identities represented in the PSAs, and found across rural America, contribute to the relatable, compelling nature of each story. Whether motivated by their families, faith, communities or other perspectives, the participants open up about the diverse factors that went into their decisions to get educated about the COVID-19 vaccines, and ultimately get vaccinated themselves.
“As the pandemic continues to have an outsized impact in rural areas, our vaccination education campaign will redouble its efforts to reach the tens of millions of Americans in these communities who are still questioning whether or not to get vaccinated against COVID-19,” said John Bridgeland, Co-Founder and CEO of the COVID Collaborative. “A nationwide response must reach every part of the country and we’re eager to help engage more Americans to get answers to their questions about the vaccines.”
In collaboration with the American Farm Bureau Federation, the National Association of Farm Broadcasting, the National Association of Community Health Centers and the Cooperative Extension System, the PSAs will be distributed nationally with a specific focus on rural areas in the South and Midwest.
The full series of seven stories can be viewed here on YouTube.
“We are grateful to partner with the Ad Council in ensuring that rural residents have the right tools and information to make an informed decision about the COVID-19 vaccines,” said Ron Yee, MD, Chief Medical Officer of the National Association of Community Health Centers.
Major media partners and industry trade associations, including Facebook, FOX, Google/YouTube, National Association of Broadcasters, Outdoor Advertising Association of America, Radio Advertising Bureau, Television Bureau of Advertising among others have committed to providing significant donated media time and space to run and amplify the new PSA assets. What If Media Group will also continue to provide support by sending vaccine messaging via email to unvaccinated people living in rural communities. Per the Ad Council’s model, the TV and digital creative will be distributed in the United States where it will run in donated media.
Deborah Riley Draper, Founder and CEO of Coffee Bluff Pictures and a Georgia native herself, wrote and directed the PSAs. Her company, Coffee Bluff Pictures, served as the agency of record and production company. “The south has a rich history of storytellers, and I was honored to create an opportunity for seven families to share their experiences and the impact of both the vaccine and the pandemic on their lives and their communities,” says Draper. Recently, she worked with the Ad Council on the Tuskegee Legacy Stories in partnership with descendants of the men involved in the U.S. Public Health Service Syphilis Study at Tuskegee. Draper is an award-winning and critically-acclaimed filmmaker, author, motivational speaker, and advertising agency veteran. She was named to Variety Magazine’s "2016 Top 10 Documakers to Watch" list, and is a member of the Film Fatales and a Facebook SEEN Program alum and mentor.
The new rural content is part of the Ad Council and COVID Collaborative’s COVID-19 Vaccine Education Initiative, “It’s Up To You.” The overarching creative platform was developed by Pereira O’Dell, with additional campaign assets created by JOY Collective, Alma, Saatchi & Saatchi, Deutsch LA, Group SJR, Coffee Bluff Pictures and other partners to ensure the American public has the latest and most accurate information about the COVID-19 vaccines. To date, the campaign has received $200M in media support and related publicity across all channels, with at least 75% of Americans eligible for the vaccine having seen “It’s Up To You” ads and driving over 9 million sessions to GetVaccineAnswers.org. Of those who visit GetVaccineAnswers.org with concerns, nearly 60% left feeling more confident about getting vaccinated.
Leading contributors to date include Amazon, Apple, Bank of America, Cisco, Comcast NBCUniversal, CVS Health, Facebook, General Motors, Google and YouTube, The Humana Foundation, Reckitt, Salesforce, Verizon, Walgreens and Walmart. Significant contributions have also been provided by Adobe, America’s Health Insurance Plans (AHIP), the American Heart Association, the American Medical Association, BNY Mellon, Budweiser/Anheuser-Busch Foundation, Business Roundtable, Caterpillar Foundation, Citi, Ford Motor Company, Honeywell, JPMorgan Chase, Kaiser Permanente, Mastercard, the New York Life Foundation, Stanley Black & Decker, Synchrony, Target, Unilever, Wells Fargo and ViacomCBS.
The Ad Council
The Ad Council has a long history of creating life-saving public service communications in times of national crisis, starting in the organization's earliest days during World War II to September 11th and natural disasters like Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Sandy. Its deep relationships with media outlets, the creative community, issue experts and government leaders make the organization uniquely poised to quickly distribute life-saving information to millions of Americans.
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The COVID Collaborative is co-chaired by former Governor and U.S. Senator Dirk Kempthorne (R-ID) and former Governor Deval Patrick (D-MA) and led by Co-Founder and CEO John Bridgeland and President Gary Edson. COVID Collaborative includes expertise from across Republican and Democratic administrations at the federal, state and local levels, including former FDA commissioners, CDC directors, and U.S. surgeon generals; former U.S. secretaries of Education, Homeland Security and Health and Human Services; leading public health experts and institutions that span the country; the Business Roundtable, National Association of Manufacturers and U.S. Chamber of Commerce; the NAACP, UnidosUS and the National Congress of American Indians; the Skoll Foundation, The Allstate Foundation and The Rockefeller Foundation; and associations representing those on the front lines, from the American Public Health Association and Association of State and Territorial Health Officials to the Council of Chief State School Officers and the Council of the Great City Schools. | <urn:uuid:e9d8613c-1fbc-4a34-bdef-e95d5e24df9c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.adcouncil.org/press-releases/rural-americans-share-personal-stories-to-inspire-confidence-in-covid-19-vaccines-in-local-communities-and-nationwide | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.935974 | 2,065 | 1.992188 | 2 |
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One of the easiest ways for people to interact with entities is to evoke the entity into a physical item. Usually, the physical containers of entities resemble the entities themselves. It is thought that as long as the physical container resembles the entity as much as possible, the entity “will feel encouraged to stay in its physical representation.
Using objects as the physical bodies of entities is very effective for magickal workings because it calls upon the instinctive and intuitive behaviours from our childhood. Children are born with the ability to give life to things. An example of this is the ability to give life to their toys; they are so good at this that they even have the ability to hear them speak. The way that a child creates an imaginary
friend is similar to the manner in which you would create an entity.
Using images as a focal point of entity communication is nothing new. Catholics pray to Saints, Jesus, Mary, etc. by using paintings, statues, and altars to aid their communication. This technique of working with entities has been used for thousands of years by many
Making a physical object have an entity live within it can be as simple or complex as you want it to be. The basic requirement to animate an object is to treat it as though it were already alive. Once this basic requirement has been understood, it can be dressed up as fancily as you would like, though you are not required to do so. Because of its ease, many people may not acknowledge their effectiveness.
The technique noted above is very similar to the way witches create familiars. Alchemists have used the technique to impregnate their formulas with entities. This technique has been able to remain “occult” (i.e., hidden or secret) due to its simplicity. It is a classic case of hiding something in plain sight. It has been disregard because of its simplicity, and thus remains a very effective and powerful occult technique.
What attracts entities to take up residence in physical objects is the sincerity and devotion of a person wishing to have such an entity. The person, of course, must have firm faith and belief in the presence of the entity. Ritual, to create an entity or otherwise, helps to express this sincerity and devotion. Rituals can also be used to confirm the person’s faith in the entity.
Entities respond very well to the idea of “like attracts like” (i.e., that the more two things resemble each other, the more likely they are to relate to one another). Having understood this, it becomes very important to carefully choose the symbols and characteristics of the physical object within which you wish your entity to reside.
Nearly anything can serve to house an entity. If you can identify it, it can be a suitable home for an entity, although some objects are better than others. Objects that are harmonious with the entity’s realm of influence are a better choice than those that are not.
The size of the entity’s home is not of great importance. What really matters is the shape, appearance, and the substance of the home. The object should be of a size that is convenient to work with. When selecting a suitable home for your entity, you have two choices. The first choice is to select a prefabricated object. This can range from statues of all shapes, sizes, and substances to pictures, paintings, candles, rocks, buildings, balloons, books, glasses, computers, animals, plants,talismans, dolls, telephones, crystals, or even a remittance envelope for your business bearing your entity’s programming symbol on it. The second option is to construct the housing using your knowledge of the entity’s personality, a realm of influence, and other occult virtues.
Whatever the object is, it must be one that is attractive to you. It must stir feelings of interest. If the housing seems lifeless or uninteresting, it will be a poor home for the entity. To be effective, the housing must have qualities that make you wan t to interact with it.
It is better to avoid objects that resemble a living or dead person that you know in any fashion or recognize. This will help you keep your work -with your entity as pure as possible. If such objects are used, you ma y confuse the energy of the person with that of the entity. This may cause ill effects on the person that the object resembles. Of course this does not apply if you are intentionally trying to create an entity that is to have a bond with the person represented by the object. Entity housing can be formed from just about anything.
The important thing to remember is to choose materials that will withstand wear, tear, and repeated handling for the life of the entity.
Some have entities that are housed within their voice, coming forth only when he says specific words, while others go into a more sight oriented manifestation, like paintings.
If you are artistic, you may -want to create the object yourself. By doing so, you are unconsciously forming the entity in your mind. This will serve to strengthen the bond between the entity and yourself. Also, in this way the object will resonate deep within your psyche and improve your workings with the entity.
When creating an object for the entity to live in, you may want to plan for a cavity in the object that will allow for you to deposit items vital to the entity. For example, you may want to place the entity’s task and programming symbol on a small scroll and place it inside the cavity. You
may want to have an area that you can place blood, semen, or other fluids during the ritual giving life to the entity.
There are many other reasons, if you choose to have one, for leaving a cavity in the entity’s housing. If you are constructing the entity’s housing, you may wish to incorporate a color, or colors, that correspond and are harmonious to the entity’s realm of influence. If you
are not sure which color or colors to use, choose something that is attractive and pleasing to you.
You may also wish to use astrological times when creating the entity’s housing. Magickal workings can be greatly influenced if they are used. On the other hand, it is not essential to use them either. As a matter of fact, the magickal working can be greatly simplified if they are not
used. It can be helpful, however, to do workings during the proper phase of the moon, and on days that are harmonious
with your magickal endeavour.
In ancient times people would use stones and crystals, with appropriate attributes, to bind an entity to a plant that had similar attributes to the entity’s realm of influence. As long as the plant and stones were harmonious with the entity, it would use the plant as a home while working with the person that bound it. The stones served to charge the plant with the energy of the entity and with its realm of influence. If you have a green thumb and a bit of ingenuity and creativity, you could do something similar.
Once an entity has been provided with a physical body, it tends to respond and perform better than a disembodied one. Also, an entity with a physical body tends to show more interest in human experience. Therefore, an embodied entity will actually want to help you in your efforts. This will provide the entity with the human experiences that it soon grows accustomed to.
Not all entities require housings. Short-term entities sometimes have a life span that is so short that a physical housing is not necessary. For those types of entities, it may be better to link (or “house”) them to aromas. The aroma could be inhaled during the creation and evocation of your entity. You may even wish to anoint a physical housing, if one is used, with the selected aroma. Remember to choose one that that is appealing to you and is harmonious with the entity’s realm of influence.
You may want to consider constructing a shrine for the entity. The entity’s housing serves as the “physical body” of the entity, while the shrine serves as the “house” of the entity. The shrine does not need to be detailed or elaborate. Again, the most important things to remember are to make sure that it is pleasing and attractive to you, and that it fits the personality of the entity and its realm of influence. You
may even wish to make your shrine “portable.” This will allow you to move it, or keep it out of sight.
Whenever you attempt to create an entity, the physical object in which it is to reside, or both, use personal judgment and intuition. There are many correspondences with specific meanings and uses in most, if not all, magickal systems.
Because of this, it may be difficult to decide which one to use. If you have a general idea of what the entity’s realm of influence is, this will help narrow down the choices that you have. In any rate, use your own mind to guide you and never act as a slave to any magickal system. | <urn:uuid:c09d7120-d867-4666-89a1-60cb15a88705> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://asolitarypagan.com/housing-your-entity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.9586 | 1,918 | 2.15625 | 2 |
On the night of December 10-11, a series of powerful tornadoes left a 1,000-mile trail of destruction through parts of Arkansas, Mississippi, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Illinois. Dozens of people died, billions in damages. Hurricanes are among the deadliest and destructive weather phenomena on Earth. However, in 2021, they remain a mystery – and it is difficult to predict.
On December 10, a powerful storm system approached the central United States from the west. While that storm brought heavy snow and sleet to the cold western and northwestern part of the Midwest, the South enjoyed near-record warmth, thanks to warm, moist air blowing north from the Gulf of Mexico. When warm and cold air masses collide, the less dense warm air rises to cooler levels in the atmosphere. As this warm air cools, the moisture it contains condenses into clouds and storms form.
When this instability is combined with significant wind shear – winds that change direction and speed at different altitudes in the atmosphere – they can create ideal conditions for powerful rotating storms – that is, hurricanes -.
There would have been at least 28 on the night of December 10-11. One of them reportedly traveled nearly 400 miles across four states. This is very unusual. Most hurricanes stay on Earth for short periods of time and travel short distances – 5 to 6 kilometers on average. Long and very long tornadoes — tornadoes that travel at least 40 and 160 kilometers, respectively — are relatively uncommon. They account for less than 1 percent of all hurricanes in the United States. The previous record of a long-track hurricane dates back to 1925, when Tree State Tornado 350 kilometers across Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana. the Quad-state tornadoAs it is called last weekend’s hurricane, it is expected to break this record.
Hurricanes are relatively common in the central United States, averaging about a thousand years. The area that does it Hurricane Alley mentioned, from central Texas to eastern Nebraska and Iowa was the hardest hit, especially during the months of April, May and June.
Hurricanes also sometimes occur in our country. However, there is one big difference: they are less powerful here. But in the United States, tornadoes are a serious problem that is getting worse. Global warming is causing more and more deadly tornadoes, and they are increasingly occurring over a wider area than in the past.
Direct link to global warming
in a recent study James Elsner of Florida State University describes how hurricanes become more powerful. And the increase in hurricane strength is significant: 5.4 percent annually from 1994 to 2016. His findings are backed by official storm reports from US weather agencies, all of which show an upward trend in hurricane strength and also indicate that hurricanes take longer and have wider paths.
The study found a direct link between global warming and the number and strength of hurricanes: a combination of increased heat and humidity, Available Convective Potential Energy (CAPE) and increased wind shear. Simply put, when heat, humidity, and erratic winds converge at the highest levels, you get stronger tornadoes.
Conditions that cause hurricanes will be facilitated by a variable jet stream. Due to the rapid warming of the Arctic, the difference in temperature between the north and south has narrowed. This reduces pressure differences between the arctic and mid-latitudes, and softens the winds of the jet stream.
Just as slow-flowing rivers usually follow a meandering path, the slow-flowing jet stream also tends to meander more. Large north-south ripples in the jet stream generate energy in the atmosphere. Incidentally, it’s the same process that was also responsible for the polar vortex that hit the United States earlier this year.
More and more intense, but no progress has been made in forecasting in the past ten years
In recent decades, tornadoes have changed, too – they are relatively less common in Oklahoma, Texas and Kansas, and are the traditional Alley tornado, but are more common in Illinois and other states along the Mississippi River and east.
More and more severe, however, and this is an additional problem, and therefore not better to predict. exactly the contrary. In 2011, the average time for people to receive tornado warnings was about 13 minutes. But now that’s down to 8.4 minutes. Think about it: If you have less than nine minutes to prepare, what else can you do?
It’s not that we declined to predict – there are more hurricanes. But no real progress has been made in the past ten years. This lack of progress with hurricane warnings is frustrating when you consider how adept meteorologists are at predicting other severe weather, including tornadoes. In 2019, the National Hurricane Center’s forecast three days before the storm were more accurate than the 1990 forecast one day before.
Why is it so hard to predict?
Why is it difficult to predict when a hurricane will occur? Scientists know that hurricanes consist mainly of massive and violent thunderstorms, especially violent storms that spin like small tornadoes. These storms are especially common in the central and southeastern parts of the United States, where warm moist air from the Gulf of Mexico meets dry air from the western and southwestern mountains. They will form mainly in the spring and early summer.
The problem is that meteorologists can look at two giant thunderstorms that look identical, and only one of them will cause a tornado. This is also the reason why the false alarm rate of tornado warnings is so high: forecasters can’t easily tell when a storm that looks like it might trigger a hurricane will actually do it.
Scientists understand the ingredients needed to create the kind of supercelled storms that produce the most powerful tornadoes. There are four. You need a lot of moisture in the atmosphere and a lot of wind shear, or changes in wind speed and direction (this creates a storm). You also need atmospheric instability, which can cause air currents, and upward or upward movement of air which rotates around the storm along a vertical axis.
But what causes a hurricane occurs on a much smaller scale – perhaps at the level of individual particles in the atmosphere – and is strongly influenced by the peculiarities of local geography. Even trees can disrupt surface circulation, unlike grasslands, and this can affect hurricane formation. Weather conditions that lead to a tornado in Oklahoma will not necessarily cause a tornado in Alabama.
We don’t even know how that happens
Many storms even produce rotating winds without creating an actual hurricane. The question meteorologists are trying to solve is, how, when and why these rotating winds move to a point where you have a very narrow, intense vortex that we call a hurricane.
It is possible (but not counterintuitive) that tornadoes form from the bottom up. They will begin as a turbulence on the ground and then connect upwards with a thunderstorm. Being a small vortex on the surface comes into contact, for whatever reason, with the rising current of the thunderstorm. And then you get an effect like a snowboarder spinning: she pulls her arms in, stretches and spins faster and faster.
But it’s also possible for tornadoes to descend from a storm cloud – or a combination of both. The tornado seems to form all the way from top to bottom all at once, all at once.
And now, scientists don’t know. why? Currently, weather radar cannot get a good glimpse of rapid conditions at a relatively low altitude leading to tornadoes. The processes that determine whether tornadoes form or not appear to occur on a time scale of a minute or less, only tens of meters from the surface, an area that is difficult to scan with radar.
The solution still sounds like science fiction for now
The only way to improve hurricane forecasts, researchers say, is to take it head-on. Hurricane forecasts have become very good in recent decades because scientists have been able to study their every move intensely. It helps that they move slower than hurricanes and last for days. We can fly planes in and out of a hurricane’s eye wall and collect all kinds of data.
On the other hand, tornadoes are smaller in size and short-lived. The scientists who study don’t have that wealth of data to factor in their predictions. To make matters worse, tornadoes easily damage scientific equipment. Any kind of sensor is often destroyed before they can sample everything you hope to collect. So it is very difficult to get a complete data set for the phenomenon.
What is needed is another breakthrough. One that makes it possible to model and simulate every molecule of the atmosphere. Such molecular modeling may sound like science fiction now, but it may be possible in the future. There are specialized branches of physics where they do it literally, ie modeling any molecule, but usually in very small sizes, down to a cubic centimeter at most. It is a matter of increasing this capacity over time.
“Coffee buff. Twitter fanatic. Tv practitioner. Social media advocate. Pop culture ninja.” | <urn:uuid:a8ce6865-f27c-4d3c-ad9a-e675342c92a7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thecherawchronicle.com/more-and-more-violent-tornadoes-however-it-remains-an-atmospheric-mystery-why/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.945937 | 1,860 | 3.890625 | 4 |
The number of Norwegian dollar millionaires increased by 7.4 percent from 2020 to 2021, according to the consulting company Capgemini’s report World Wealth Report 2022.
It happened in the middle of a pandemic and a state of emergency. Deputy leader of Rødt, Marie Sneve Martinussen, thinks it is reprehensible.
– It shows in black and white that those at the top can contribute more, and that it is obvious that the taxes do not hit well enough.
Since 2016, there have been approximately 50,000 more dollar millionaires in Norway.
The report also says that Norwegian dollar millionaires increased their fortunes by 8.3 percent.
– These are dramatic numbers. It shows how crisis time is not a crisis for everyone, says Martinussen.
With 200,000 dollar millionaires, Norway is in 20th place in the number of dollar millionaires worldwide. There is one place up from 2020.
Compared to the population, Norway has almost 40 times as many dollar millionaires as Brazil, and 2.3 times as many as Sweden.
A dollar millionaire is defined as a person who has values equivalent to more than one million dollars in investable wealth, in addition to his own home.
One million dollars is equivalent to about 10 million kroner.
– Hope it contributes to rebellion
SV’s deputy leader, Kari Elisabeth Kaski, believes it must have consequences that someone became richer as a result of compensation schemes.
– I hope it contributes to a revolt. We know that both the oil package and the compensation schemes have filled the pockets of some of the country’s richest, says Kaski.
She agrees with Martinussen that taxes must be increased for the richest.
– The figures emphasize that the differences are increasing. In addition, we know that the richest pay a smaller share of their money in taxes than ordinary people do, says Kaski.
– The government is not doing enough
Both Martinussen and Kaski are disappointed with what the government has done to reduce inequalities.
– I think this is part of the reason why the government parties are struggling in the polls. People believed in a new course, while in reality they are now being asked to show infinite patience with a view to increased expenses, says Martinussen.
Kaski believes it is now even more precarious than before to bring about changes.
– The government is too passive, but we do what we can to pressure them. We must bring about a better redistribution, says Kaski.
Result of the previous government
– These are figures from 2021, so it is Erna’s government that must be held responsible for. I’m not surprised that there were more dollar millionaires under eight years of right-wing government. The verdict on the current government, however, must come later, says Frode Jacobsen in the Labor Party’s finance committee.
– Now it’s the turn of ordinary people, and I think we show that in our budget. We turn to the Conservative Party’s tax policy, says Jacobsen.
The fact that more people are earning well at the moment, Jacobsen is ready to benefit people.
– Those with large incomes and fortunes receive tax increases. However, this does not apply to people with an income below 750,000, they receive tax relief. We see that tax revenues are increasing now that we are changing the tax policy, and we will use that for better welfare services, says Jacobsen. | <urn:uuid:d0ead7ba-a008-448d-9e33-4f4bf34cd9d8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.world-today-news.com/there-were-several-dollar-millionaires-under-the-corona/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.963873 | 728 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Lentigines (also referred to as sun spots or liver spots) are small, flat, round spots on the skin that begin to appear later in life in sun-exposed areas.
They are particularly common on the face, neck, arms, and backs of the hands. Brown spots or pigmented lesions can detract from your skin’s natural beauty.
What We Do:
- Broad Based Light (BBL) or Intense Pulse Light (IPL)
- Versapulse laser
- Sunscreens to keep these from recurring
Melasma is a skin disorder that presents as splotchy, brown pigmentation. Melasma is more common in women, usually 20 to 40 years old.
Melasma tends to be life long so daily sun protection and consistent skin care are necessary. We understand the chronic nature and frustration melasma causes and we give a personalized regimen to target your needs. Melasma tends to recur even with successful lightening so that a series of chemical peels and consistent skin care products are needed. | <urn:uuid:2829b9ff-5f11-48f2-b0e9-5fc7f2b08a12> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gaughfdermatology.com/medical/hyperpigmentation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.920493 | 222 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Women’s History Month is celebrated each year to commemorate women’s accomplishments throughout history. Here’s some additional historical context from whitehouse.gov that’s important to share:
“Throughout our history, despite hardship, exclusion, and discrimination, women have strived and sacrificed for equity and equality in communities across the country. Generations of Native American women were stewards of the land and continue to lead the fight for climate justice. Black women fought to end slavery, advocate for civil rights, and pass the Voting Rights Act. Suffragists helped pass the 19th Amendment to the Constitution so that no American could be denied a vote on the basis of sex.”
In honor of Women’s History Month, we’ll be offering some insight into why and how it came to be, and look at the current state of women in the workplace.
Why is Women’s History Month in March, and how did it start?
It began as a single day, National Women’s Day, in 1909. The designated day was February 28th, commemorating the historic meeting of the socialists and suffragists in New York during the women’s suffrage movement.
In 1910, during the International Conference of Working Women, 17 countries agreed to recognize March 8th as International Women’s Day. This wasn’t widely recognized in the U.S until 1975.
In 1980, President Carter declared a National Women’s History Week that began on March 8th.
In 1987, after the persistent efforts of nearly 15 states and several women’s groups, Congress declared March as Women’s History Month.
Why do we celebrate Women’s History Month?
The answer is simple. Women’s history is World history. We celebrate to remind ourselves of the vital role that women have played in the development of our society. We honor the accomplishments of the trail-blazing women throughout our history who have made significant contributions in the world of science, politics, culture, and so much more.
And even with all of the progress made, women and girls—especially women and girls of color— face systemic barriers and wider gaps in opportunity and equality.
What are the key historical dates to recognize throughout the month?
While there are many important dates to remember throughout Women’s History, these are among the most important:
- March 1st – Title IX, which prohibited discrimination due to sex in federally funded education programs, was passed in 1972. This also coincides with the creation of the first-ever women’s history week.
- March 1-4 – The forming of the National Woman’s Party in 1917. Their mission was to get women the right to vote.
- March 3rd – The first time suffragists marched on Washington in 1913.
- March 8th – International Women’s Day.
- March 10: A day to commemorate the life and accomplishments of Harriet Tubman, freedom seeker, Underground Railroad conductor, 19th century Black activist and a nurse known for her service during the Civil War as well as her advocacy for civil rights and women’s suffrage. Tubman died on this day in 1913.
- March 22nd – The Equal Rights Amendment was passed in the Senate in 1972.
Why does each Women’s History Month have a theme?
Every Women’s History Month has a unique theme to help highlight and focus on different aspects of women’s history. The theme in 2022 is “Women Providing Healing, Promoting Hope,” in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This theme honors women who have dedicated their lives to helping others through medicine, social work, and more.
The current state of women in the workplace.
- Women remain underrepresented in leadership roles in the workforce, holding less than 30% of VP or SVP roles and just over 20% of C-level positions.
- Women of color account for less than 5% of C-level positions.
- Only 86 women are promoted to a managerial role for every 100 men.
- In year 3 of this pandemic, men have since regained the jobs they lost in February 2020. Unfortunately, over 1.1 million women have yet to return to the labor force due to inadequate childcare, lack of paid leave, and uncertainty within the school system caused by the pandemic. | <urn:uuid:55ad80b9-2b1d-4ae4-88b0-0cd535fac420> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thriveaz.com/2022/03/04/womens-history-month-things-you-should-know/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.965627 | 914 | 4.21875 | 4 |
Bill Simmons has a good article about Bill Russell, Kobe Bryant and leadership. I found the first paragraph especially interesting:
I spent five hours with Bill Russell last week and thought of Kobe Bryant twice and only twice. One time, we were discussing a revelation from Russell’s extraordinary biography, Second Wind, that Russell scouted the Celtics after joining them in 1956. Why would you scout your own teammates? What does that even mean? Russell wanted to play to their strengths and cover their weaknesses, which you can’t do without figuring out exactly what those strengths and weaknesses were. So he studied them. He studied them during practices, shooting drills, scrimmages, even those rare moments when Red Auerbach rested him during games. He built a mental filing cabinet that stored everything they could and couldn’t do, then determined how to boost them accordingly. It was HIS job to make THEM better. That’s what he believed. | <urn:uuid:534c5eb9-9c24-4234-bfa5-48f42d375b56> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.noahbrier.com/archives/tag/kobe-bryant/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.981646 | 193 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Secrets Get In Your Way
Putting passwords and API keys in source code creates a security risk. But handling them properly creates complexity that makes it extremely cumbersome to deploy.
Git, Slack, and email are designed to share information, not to keep secrets.
Manual Deploys Don't Scale
Copy-pasting values and waiting on that one admin who holds all the keys simply don't scale when you're deploying software multiple times a week.
It's impossible to track who accessed what secrets at what time, making compliance audits a nightmare.
of organizations report having exposed hardcoded secrets in their source code
of developers report that disconnected security & development workflows inhibit productivity
Deploy Software Without
Eliminate secrets in source code by replacing plaintext values with a reference to the secret. SecretHub then automatically loads secrets into your app the moment it starts.
Replace plaintext secrets with reference tags
Use the CLI to encrypt and store secrets and then simply tell the code where to look for the secret. Your code is now free of secrets and can be shared with everyone on your team.
Load secrets into your app the moment it starts
Install the lightweight agent to automatically provision secrets to your app, wherever it runs. Secrets are only temporarily loaded where needed and are wiped when the app exits.
Control & monitor privileged access to secrets
Enforce security with access controls and audit logs. When people leave or an incident happens, update secrets in one place and push it out everywhere.
We understand you don’t trust people blindly. We wouldn’t either. That’s why all client-side code is open source and available on GitHub. This not only means that you can inspect our code, but that others have done so too.
Of course you don’t feel like sharing your precious secrets with us. Luckily you don’t have to. Every secret is encrypted before a single byte ever leaves your device. Only you and your team control the encryption keys and who is able decrypt your secrets.
High Availability as a Service
You don't have to set up, monitor, and maintain a highly available cluster. Take advantage of the globally distributed service to get up and running on production in less than a day. Custom hosting and uptime SLAs are available.
Security That Benefits Everyone
Good secrets management doesn’t just make things more secure, it simplifies critical processes and makes the entire organization move faster.
Develop, test, and deploy software without secrets near your code.
Effectively support developers to deploy their code by standardizing across teams & stacks.
Ensure secrets are properly handled, monitor (ab)use, and take effective action when incidents occur.
Why Customers Love SecretHub
How Turn.io Helped 20M+ People During COVID-19
Having a unified secrets management platform enabled Turn.io to scale their server infrastructure 20x across multiple clouds in response to COVID-19.
How Smaily Scales Infrastructure To Send 100M+ Emails Per Month
Smaily uses SecretHub to manage a large server infrastructure with just a small DevOps team.
Every day I have clients that have cleartext passwords or need to manage various password vaults. The common denominator is that code becomes a security risk, and it becomes extremely cumbersome to deploy applications and share secrets. With SecretHub, I can now develop, test and deploy without a single secret anywhere near my code or tools. This is what the industry has needed for a long long time!
We've tried pretty much every solution out there for secrets management and SecretHub is The Thing filling the void in our pipeline. The experience was super nice, we had zero friction integrating SecretHub with our infrastructure.
As someone working in ops, I do not want to burden our developers with complex security. With SecretHub, the developers give me environment variables and I only have to add the SecretHub binary to my containers. It allows them to focus on their job and I know all the secrets are secure. SecretHub is a perfect example of KISS. It took me less than two days to get from zero to hero on our infrastructure. If I had to use HashiCorp Vault, I would still be here studying.
We were really looking for a solution that we could implement quickly and all the alternatives were way too complicated and created lots of friction. With SecretHub, there are no complex setups, self-managed clusters or complicated key management operations on GCP and AWS. From finding SecretHub, to signing up, to actually using it on production and deploying secrets into Kubernetes, was a day’s work.
Our systems handle large amounts of privacy data, so infrastructure security and compliance is crucial. SecretHub was instrumental in getting certified for ISO 27001 and NEN 7510, the chapters on key management practically wrote themselves.
Managing secrets for most CI tools is a pain in the ass. The only way to define secrets is to manually define them as environment variables in the GUI, which takes a lot of time. This is fine for 1 project, but we have over 180 projects so that’s not an option. SecretHub is a big time saver in that regard. It’s really easy to use and I got a pipeline with secrets up and running within half an hour! | <urn:uuid:094ccc24-946f-4b79-bc6f-d05488520e2b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://secrethub.io/?ref=stackselect.tech | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.921777 | 1,142 | 1.664063 | 2 |
“Clearing the Air” & “How to talk to youth about alcohol and drugs”
October 25, 2021 • San Mateo, CA
This evening I will be conducting a 60-minute parent training webinar for parents whose youth are attending Junipero Serra High School. In this webinar we will discuss “Clearing the Air” and “How to talk to youth about alcohol and drugs” and the effects that vaping has on our bodies and minds. I will share easy examples to discuss when talking with your youth about alcohol and drugs. Looking forward to a great evening!
If you are interested in hosting a presentation similar to this, contact us for more information. | <urn:uuid:e88ce03c-955e-4348-8bfa-3da7a4a73c54> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://raylozano.com/events/clearing-the-air-how-to-talk-to-youth-about-alcohol-and-drugs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.928558 | 146 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Opening a preschool during a pandemic is among the hardest things I have done to date. Desiring to ensure the safety of the preschoolers, their families, and the staff made for much weight on my shoulders. Being a leader in such a small role makes me all the more aware of the importance of praying for leaders in all roles: city, county, state, and national levels.
Making changes to our policies and procedures in an effort to keep everyone as safe and healthy as we can, made me realize it is impossible to please everyone. Feeling responsible should anyone get sick also added to the weight. There were lots of hard decisions to make, which lead to an abundance of research and consulting fellow preschool directors whose centers had already opened. While all of these proved helpful, my Bible was also a tremendous help through the decision-making process.
In the book of Isaiah, there is a situation described in chapter seven that helped redirect my focus and lighten my shoulders in such a big way.
There was an attack being mounted against Jerusalem by a neighboring enemy kingdom. When the leaders of Jerusalem were told, the Bible states “the heart of the people shook as the trees of the forest shake before the wind”.
Have you ever received news, encountered a situation, or dealt with a person who caused a similar reaction as shaking like trees in the wind? If so, you can absolutely resonate with the people who hear that a siege is about to take place.
The messenger of this news, Isaiah, is a prophet. Isaiah tells the king to “be careful, be quiet, do not fear and do not let your heart be faint” because the Lord will make it so that nothing will come of the attack, that it shall not stand nor come to pass. Added to the message is a reminder to the king that “if you are not firm in faith, you will not be firm at all“.
Isaiah then shares with the king a sign to come that the Lord is faithful. This sign is a baby born of a virgin who will be a Savior, his name will be Immanuel, which means “God with us”. This sign is Jesus, who is a savior from the coming judgement, to those who choose to accept his free-will offering.
Jesus is the answer. It was the answer then to King Ahaz and is still the answer to me now. I am not staring down a mounting attack on my city, but there are other things that you and I stare down daily, and daily our answer is Jesus.
Preceding the message to King Ahaz, Isaiah encourages the people to turn to God, to leave their wicked ways and seek God alone. In this message he says, “He’ll show us the way he works, so we can live the way we’re made“.
This is so beautiful and simple to me. God will show us how he works, through the Bible, through others, and then when we see this, we can live the way he intended us to live, without fear and with trusting in him.
This reminded me of something I see when picking up my twins from high school each day. They are fifteen and have their driving learner’s permit. Since they will be driving themselves to and from school each day, I want them to have all the practice they can get before I am no longer in the car. For this reason, I park in a spot where I can leave the driver’s seat and let one of them drive home.
One day as I waited for them to get to the car, I noticed car after car where a parent got out to walk around the vehicle to take the passenger seat, freeing up the driver’s seat for their high schooler. Remember at the beginning of this article where I stated that opening a preschool in a pandemic is among the hardest things I have done? Giving up control of a vehicle to my child also fits into that category! It is hard, trying, and tough! But, how else will one learn to drive if one does not get behind the steering wheel?
I believe the same is true of my faith and your faith.
How else will we learn what our faith is made of unless we give up our spot at the steering wheel and let God take us where he wills?
How else will we learn to trust God if we do not give things of our life to him?
The preschool has been open for over four weeks and I am continuing to trust God through being in a leadership role during a pandemic. I can already see where God has been moving and working, being grateful that he shows me the way he works, so I can live the way I am made. This way, my shoulders are light, as I cast all my cares on the Lord, for he cares for me, and he cares for you too. | <urn:uuid:90fb1932-9148-43da-90e0-c8f193156a29> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lovedfiercely.com/2020/09/09/god-shows-us-the-way-he-works/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.976048 | 1,009 | 1.617188 | 2 |
It absolutely was an expected choice of ghosts to indwell some item which had belonged for them whenever alive into the flesh. This belief describes the effectiveness of several relics that are modern. The ancients constantly revered the bones of these leaders, in addition to skeletal stays of saints and heroes are nevertheless regarded with superstitious awe by many people. Also today, pilgrimages are created to the tombs of good males.
Belief in relics is definitely an outgrowth regarding the ancient cult that is fetish. The relics of contemporary religions represent an effort to rationalize the fetish of this savage and hence elevate it to a spot of dignity and respectability into the contemporary systems that are religious. It really is heathenish to think in fetishes and secret but supposedly okay to just accept relics and wonders.
The hearth–fireplace–became just about of the fetish, a sacred spot. The shrines and temples had been in the beginning places that are fetish the dead were hidden there. The hut that is fetish of Hebrews ended up being elevated by Moses to that particular destination where it harbored a superfetish, the then existent notion of what the law states of Jesus. Nevertheless the Israelites never ever quit the strange Canaanite belief in the rock altar: „and also this rock that we have actually create as a pillar will be Jesus’s home. “ They really thought that the nature of these Jesus dwelt this kind of rock altars, that have been in fact fetishes.
The first images had been designed to protect the memory and appearance of this illustrious dead; these people were actually monuments. Idols had been a refinement of fetishism. The primitives thought that the ceremony of consecration caused the nature to enter the image; likewise, whenever particular things had been endowed, they truly became charms.
Moses, when you look at the addition regarding the 2nd commandment to the ancient Dalamatian ethical rule, made an attempt to manage fetish worship on the list of Hebrews. He carefully directed that they need to make no type of image which may be consecrated as a fetish. He managed to get plain, „You shall maybe perhaps perhaps not make a graven image or any likeness of something that is in heaven above, or in the planet beneath, or within the waters of this planet. “ Although this commandment did much to retard art one of the Jews, it did reduce fetish worship. But Moses ended up being too a good idea to try abruptly to replace the olden fetishes, and then he consequently consented to your placing of particular relics alongside what the law states into the combined war altar and spiritual shrine which had been the ark.
Terms sooner or later became fetishes, more especially people who had been seen as Jesus’s terms; in this manner the sacred publications of numerous religions have grown to be fetishistic prisons incarcerating the imagination that is spiritual of.
In olden times the fetish term of authority had been a fear-inspiring doctrine, probably the most terrible of all of the tyrants which enslave males. A fetish that is doctrinal lead mortal man to betray himself to the clutches of bigotry, fanaticism, superstition, intolerance, as well as the many atrocious of barbarous cruelties. Contemporary respect for knowledge and facts are however the present getting away from the fetish-making propensity up to your greater amounts of reasoning and thinking. In regards to the accumulated fetish writings which different religionists hold as sacred publications, it’s not only thought that what exactly is within the guide does work, but additionally that each facts are within the guide. If a person of the sacred books takes place to discuss about it our planet to be flat, then, for very long generations, otherwise sane people will will not accept good proof that our planet is round.
The training of starting one of these brilliant sacred publications to allow a person’s eye possibility upon a passage, the next of which might figure out essential life choices or tasks, is absolutely absolutely nothing more nor less than arrant fetishism. To simply take an oath for a book that is“holy or even swear by some item of supreme veneration is a type of refined fetishism.
However it does express genuine evolutionary progress to advance from the fetish concern with a savage chief’s fingernail trimmings into the adoration of an exceptional number of letters, guidelines, legends, allegories, urban myths, poems, and chronicles which, all things considered, mirror the winnowed ethical knowledge of several centuries, at minimum up to the full time and occasion of the being put together being a „sacred guide. „
To be fetishes, terms must be considered motivated, and also the invocation of expected divinely encouraged writings led straight to the establishment associated with the authority for the church, even though the development of civil types resulted in the fruition of this authority for the state.
Fetishism went sex chatrooms through most of the primitive cults through the earliest belief in sacred rocks, through idolatry, cannibalism, and nature worship, to totemism.
Totemism is a mix of social and spiritual observances. Initially it had been believed that respect for the totem animal of expected biologic origin insured the meals supply. Totems were at one together with time that is same for the team and their god. This type of god had been the clan personified. Totemism had been one period of this tried socialization of otherwise individual faith. The totem ultimately developed to the banner, or nationwide sign, for the different modern individuals.
A bag that is fetish a medication case, had been a pouch containing an established range of ghost-impregnated articles, together with medicine guy of old never permitted their case, the sign of their energy, to the touch the floor. Civilized individuals into the century that is twentieth to it that their flags, emblems of nationwide awareness, likewise never ever touch the floor.
The insignia of priestly and kingly workplace had been eventually thought to be fetishes, and also the fetish regarding the continuing state supreme has passed away through numerous stages of development, from clans to tribes, from suzerainty to sovereignty, from totems to flags. Fetish kings have actually ruled by „divine right, “ and lots of other designs of federal federal government have acquired. Males have produced fetish of democracy, the exaltation and adoration for the typical man’s a few ideas whenever collectively called „public viewpoint. “ One guy’s viewpoint, when taken on it’s own, just isn’t viewed as worth much, nevertheless when a lot of men are collectively operating as a democracy, this exact same judgment that is mediocre held to function as arbiter of justice together with standard of righteousness.
Civilized guy attacks the difficulties of a environment that is real their technology; savage guy experimented with re re solve the actual dilemmas of a illusory ghost environment by miracle. Magic had been the means of manipulating the conjectured nature environment whose machinations endlessly explained the inexplicable; it absolutely was the skill of getting voluntary character co-operation and of coercing involuntary nature help with the use of fetishes or any other and much more effective spirits.
The thing of secret, sorcery, and necromancy ended up being twofold:
1. To secure understanding of the long term.
2. Positively to influence environment.
The things of technology are identical with those of secret. Mankind is progressing from secret to technology, maybe not by reason and meditation, but alternatively through long experience, slowly and painfully. Man is slowly supporting to the truth, starting in mistake, progressing in error, and lastly achieving the limit of truth. Just with the arrival regarding the systematic method has he encountered ahead. But ancient guy had to experiment or perish. | <urn:uuid:f7c2bdd7-8716-4d61-bf22-afb48ee36f52> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.haldern-kirche.de/2-development-regarding-the-fetish-6/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.96609 | 1,623 | 2 | 2 |
A new bulb caused a fire in Bump's enclosure, severely damaging her legs.
A sulcata tortoise (Geochelone [Centrochelys] Sulcata) who lost her legs in an enclosure fire has been fitted for 3D printed legs in hopes that she will be able to walk again.
Bump was in her enclosure when her bedding started to smolder from a new bulb that caught some of the bedding on fire, according to WYDaily.
She had severe burns on all four of her legs as well as the plastron of her shell. Her owner, Thom Rohde, looked for an emergency animal hospital where they told the prognosis for Bump was not good. About a month later, Rohde took Bump to veterinarian Sean Sparkman at Noah’s Ark Veterinary Hospital in Norge, VA, who determined that the tortoise’s legs were largely dead from the accident.
With the collective minds of Rohde, a carpenter, Dr. Sparkman, and a researcher from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, and a team of specialists from the Jamestown Rediscovery Foundation, a plan was set in motion to fit Bump with 3D printed prosthetic legs.
Three-D scans of what remained of Bump’s legs were taken and models were created and given to Dave Stanhope, field research manager with the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, who will create the 3D prosthetics fitted to Bump’s dimensions.
“I’m positive we can make the legs,” Stanhope told WYDaily. “I don’t know how well they’ll work with the turtle [sic] itself. That’s more of my concern… the trick will be building something that doesn’t hinder the [turtle’s] movement.”
After Bump’s prosthetics are made, Sparkman will attempt to attach them to Bump, and is confident that they will work.
“I’m pretty optimistic we’ll have some kind of outcome,” Sparkman said. “The fact of the matter is, she’s doing well as she is.”
Rohde seems equally optimistic.
“She’s a sweetheart of a tortoise,” Rohde told WYDaily. “She’s very social. You pet her and she loves it. “She has a heart. She has a personality and she’s going to make it through this.”
Hopefully the 3D printed prosthetics help Bump get around better than how she is now, crawling on the bottom of her shell. | <urn:uuid:ff27e4e7-b085-49b1-804c-dc9af5ff1e9b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://reptilesmagazine.com/baby-sulcata-tortoise-fitted-for-3d-printed-legs-after-fire-burns-them/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.96965 | 575 | 2.125 | 2 |
The Cataldi family originates from old town of Norcia (Umbria region), inheriting thereby authentic Nursintraditions.
The Nursin method of meat processing carries a long history. There have been indications of pork meat processing and preparation dating back to 500 BC, which are displayed today inside the Castellina Museum.
Norcia has a known reputation of livestock farming, especially swine livestock, thanks to vast green areas surrounding the ancient city walls.
During the first century AC, in the age of Roman emperors Vespasianoand Titus (son of empress Vespasia Polla who was actually born in Norcia), this region gained the reputation as key region in entire Roman empire for its swine livestock farming and meat processing. In fact there was a profession called ‘ilnorcino’ which even today stands for the professional who is specialized in manufacturing of pork products.
Starting from eighth century AC, Norcinsstart to emigrate further to other regions of the Apennine peninsula and Europe, carrying their precious craftsmanship generation after generation. A curious fact is that they also contributed to modern surgery and anatomy, as Norcinsused some of their animals for experimental purposes, expanding their knowledge.
In the Cataldi family all men and women have practiced the art of the ‘Norcin’ craftmanship, and passed it to their offspring.
Nonno Mario, born in 1928, for example each winter would move to Rome where large gastonomyowners would hire him to prepare the meat while in the summer he would go back to his hometown to take care of family land and his precious livestock.
And so he carried on for many years during which also his sons Davide and Agostino did the same, until in 1979 a key decision was made.
In fact in 1979 the Patrizi company was founded thanks to the help and support of the entire family. First two freezer cells and curation area were built then.
The name Patrizi was given in name of AlmerinaPatrizi, Mario’s wife who was the one who year after year took care of the family by preparing food not only for family members, but also the ‘extended’ family -all employees of the Norcineria.
In 1990 a further construction work was done and expansion, allowing the Patrizi company to steadily continue with research and optimization of product quality , while maintaining original traditonalmethod in careful meat selection and use of natural ingredients and flavors.
In 2016 last of the five phases of expansion was finished, just before an event that will change inevitable the entire history of this family business.
The tragic earthquake, one of the most catastrophicalin the history of the Norcia region, destroyed the structures, strongly challenging the family’s passion and morale.
However today 3 years later the Patrizi’s company is proud to announce to back on its feet, with even stronger desire to share with the consumers what we excel at: providing moments of absolute culinary pleasure and the unique taste that our products provide.
Situated in one of the most beautiful natural reserves in Italy, Monti Sibillini. | <urn:uuid:37879f02-21cc-49b1-b2e0-12c9c260b0aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.patrizinorcia.it/patrizi-a-pillar-of-norcia-history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.966682 | 650 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Just when you thought 33 was the new 20, a recent study indicates that the ages at which we’re most satisfied are in fact 23 and 69, giving us not one but two stages of life to relish.
(MORE: The Soundtrack of Climate Change)
The study that identified those two pinnacle satisfaction periods, conducted by the Center for Economic Performance at the London School of Economics, involved a massive number of participants: 23,161 people, ranging in age from 17 to 85, reports Daily Mail.
What goes up must come down: after our early twenties, happiness declines on the way to our mid-fifties; then, after cycling back up through our late sixties, it falls again once we reach 75. If you’re having a midlife crisis — brooding over life choices and unfulfilled ambitions — buck up, better days are coming: the turnaround point is 55, according to the study, at which point happiness starts climbing once more (though that second harder turnaround after 75 sounds a little ominous).
Don’t take any of this as inevitable, however, because mental attitudes play an important role: Another recent study (via Scientific American) published in the Journal of Research in Personality that analyzed thousands of people across nearly four decades of life, age 16 forward, found that extroverted, emotionally stable young adults tended to be happier in retirement than young adults who’d been reticent or experienced an emotionally turbulent early adulthood.
Again, as Scientific American points out, those are just tendencies, not guarantees, and common sense (buttressed by research sense) about happiness and our psychological well-being’s ability to impact our health and longevity applies: Figuring out what makes you happy (really happy, that is) or improving unhappy life circumstances could well add time to our lives. | <urn:uuid:822347f2-5e71-4cbb-9838-d38de727efb2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newsfeed.time.com/2013/07/22/study-23-and-69-are-the-happiest-ages/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.933323 | 375 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Become a Police Officer?
Experience: Requires a level of knowledge normally acquired through two years of full-time law enforcement experience as a sworn federal, state, or local police officer OR at least sixty semester hours of accredited college or university OR have two years of active duty military experience. This is an entry level position. Requires the ability to qualify with firearms.
Interpersonal Skills: Requires the interpersonal skills necessary to interact effectively with a broad spectrum of the general population. Contacts include department and City employees, City residents, crime victims, witnesses, and perpetrators, representatives from the legal and court systems, and elected City officials.
Analytical Abilities: Evaluates crime scenes and investigative evidence, reconstructs the events of a crime, requests warrants based on deductions. Analyzes the potential threat in combat situations to determine the appropriateness of deadly force. Requires the ability to identify the nature of domestic or civil disturbances and resolve such incidents equitably.
Working Conditions: Requires working outdoors a majority of the shift as well as operating a motor vehicle in all weather conditions ranging from mild to severe. Requires occasional heavy exerting, lifting, pushing, running, and unarmed combat. Exposed to occasional armed combat which can be life threatening or result in bodily injury.
Minimum Qualifications: There shall be strict adherence to the following minimum qualifications. Applicants not meeting or maintaining these minimum standards throughout the entire selection process will not be considered for employment as a peace officer with the City of Bettendorf.
- Citizenship: An applicant must be a citizen of the United States.
- Residence: Civil Service employees who are designated as emergency personnel must reside within Scott County, the corporate limits of the City of Bettendorf, or within fifteen (15) miles within the corporate limits of the City of Bettendorf by the most direct street, road, or highway. The appropriate residency must be established within 6 months of hire. Please view and read the full Residency Requirements.
- Age: Applicant must be at least 18 years of age at the time of application.
- Education: Applicants for a position as a police officer with the City of Bettendorf must have two years of full-time law enforcement experience as a sworn federal, state, or local police officer OR at least sixty semester hours of accredited college or university OR have two years of active duty military experience.
- Physical Requirements: An applicant who will become an officer is required to be in acceptable physical and mental condition to perform his/her duties under physically demanding conditions. The following specific requirements must be met and maintained throughout the entire selection process:
- Uncorrected vision no worse than 20/100 in each eye, corrected to 20/20 in each eye.
- Has color vision consistent with the occupational demands of law enforcement.
- Normal hearing in each ear.
- Medical conditions not specified will be evaluated by the Department's physician, whose decision will be final.
- Must meet ILEA (Iowa Law Enforcement Academy) physical fitness standards. Please read and review Physical Agility Test - Police.
- Please read and review Frequently Asked Questions of the Iowa Law Enforcement Academy.
- Driving Record: Applicants must possess a valid license. An applicant will not be considered for employment at this time if:
- Driving privileges have been suspended, cancelled or revoked in the three years prior to receipt of this application due to a moving traffic violation(s). These violations include, but are not limited to: driving while intoxicated, suspended, revoked or barred. Other suspensions, cancellations or revocations will be evaluated.
- Conviction of five moving violations in the three years prior to the receipt of this application.
- Other conduct not specified will be evaluated.
- Good Moral Character: An applicant must be of good moral character, which means that he/she can be trusted and is considered by those who know him/her to be a person of good reputation and good standing in the community. When conduct is of a nature that, if known, would tend to discredit the applicant as a peace officer, the applicant will not be employed. The character of a person is determined by past behavior. Many factors are relevant in this assessment. The Department seeks applicants whose histories show good judgment, maturity, a sense of responsibility, and the respect of others. Several factors will be considered:
- Conviction or commission of a felony (as defined by Iowa Law) will disqualify an applicant.
- Conviction or commission of an aggravated misdemeanor (as defined by Iowa Law), less than 5 years ago will disqualify an applicant. Conviction or commission of an aggravated misdemeanor more than 5 years ago will be evaluated.
- Conviction or commission of a serious misdemeanor (as defined by Iowa Law), less than 2 years ago will disqualify an applicant. Conviction or commission of a serious misdemeanor more than 2 years ago will be evaluated.
- Conviction of domestic assault, child abuse, or other conviction resulting from domestic or child abuse will disqualify an applicant.
- A consistent pattern of unexplained failures to meet debt obligations will be evaluated.
- An applicant who intentionally gives false or misleading information to the Department at any time during the application process will be disqualified.
- History of excessive use of alcohol will be evaluated.
- An applicant who has used any illegal drug while employed in any law enforcement or prosecution position, or while employed in a position which carries with it a high level of responsibility or public trust, will be found unsuitable for employment. Unlawful sale of ANY controlled substance will disqualify an applicant.
- An applicant who has used any illegal drug, other than marijuana, within the last five years will be evaluated.
- An applicant who has used marijuana within the last three years will be evaluated.
- An applicant who is discovered to have misrepresented his/her drug history in completing the application will be found unsuitable for employment.
- Other conduct not specified will be evaluated. | <urn:uuid:afc844fe-7830-464c-abea-2b5dcaf1e7b3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bettendorf.org/departments/police/become_a_police_officer.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.923447 | 1,214 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Bitcoin (CCC:BTC-USD) saw new all-time highs in October, surging more than 24% over the past month. The world’s most valuable cryptocurrency boasts a market capitalization exceeding $1.15 trillion. Now, Bitcoin is hovering above $61,000, up almost 108% year-to-date (YTD). By comparison, the S&P 500 gained 24.4%, and NASDAQ Composite returned 23.4% so far this year.
Recent metrics indicate that the global cryptocurrency market was “valued at USD 1.49 billion in 2020 and is projected to reach USD 4.94 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 12.8% from 2021 to 2030.”
Meanwhile, there has been growing demand for Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs). In fact, crypto fans prefer a product that holds Bitcoins, similar to the SPDR Gold Shares ETF (NYSEARCA:GLD) that holds physical gold.
However, such exchange-traded products that hold the “physical” crypto represent a significant regulatory challenge for the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Nonetheless, there have been significant developments in recent months that act as a compromise.
ETFs for Investing in Bitcoin
The recent rally in BTC-USD was primarily fueled by the launch of two ETFs that allow investors to have exposure to the price moves in CME’s (NASDAQ:CME) Bitcoin futures, “a USD cash-settled contract based on the CME CF Bitcoin Reference Rate (BRR), which serves as a once-a-day reference rate of the U.S. dollar price of bitcoin.”
These ETFs aim to replicate the price movement in the leading cryptocurrency. However, they don’t hold actual digital tokens. Bitcoin futures are derivatives of the leading cryptocurrency. In other words, the value of futures contract is derived from the underlying reference.
We need to remind our readers that ETFs based on Bitcoin futures may not be suitable for most investors, as Bitcoin futures are highly volatile in the short run. With a futures fund, investors are not investing in the price of Bitcoin, but in what people think the price of Bitcoin should be.
Steve Larsen, president of Columbia Advisory Partners, has recently expressed concern about the new ETFs. “The futures could be more volatile than Bitcoin itself,” he said. “If people get bullish on Bitcoin, the futures will rise even further, and the same slingshot effect will happen if investors sour on Bitcoin.”
With that said, here are three Bitcoin-related funds that could appeal to some investors:
- ProShares Bitcoin Strategy ETF (NYSEARCA:BITO)
- Valkyrie Bitcoin Strategy ETF (NASDAQ:BTF)
- Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (BTC) (OTCMKTS:GBTC)
Now, let’s dive in and take a closer look at each one.
Bitcoin ETFs: ProShares Bitcoin Strategy ETF (BITO)
52-week Range: $37.34 – $43.95
Expense Ratio: 0.95% per year
The ProShares Bitcoin Strategy ETF is the first Bitcoin-linked ETF to be listed in the U.S. The fund makes Bitcoin more accessible to long-term investors. Investors can now conveniently invest in the asset class via their regular brokerage accounts without having a wallet in cyberspace or trusting a custodial exchange.
However, as we have already noted, ETFs based on Bitcoin futures may not be appropriate for everyone, as prices of both Bitcoin and Bitcoin futures are choppy, especially in the short run.
Bitcoin futures price does not fully follow the spot price of Bitcoin. As futures markets generally trade “in contango,” where the futures price of a given asset is higher than the spot price, Bitcoin futures face a significant rolling cost. ETFs that are based on futures might lose between 7%-10% in a year due to rolling.
The fund started trading on Oct. 19 at an opening price of $40.88. It hit an intraday record high of $43.95 the following day, and then fell to a low of $38.90 on Oct. 22. BITO is currently selling for shy of $40.
Valkyrie Bitcoin Strategy ETF (BTF)
52-week Range: $23.04 – $25.50
Expense Ratio: 0.95% per year
A few days after the launch of BITP, the Valkyrie Bitcoin Strategy ETF, was launched. It also invests indirectly in bitcoin futures contracts. BTF’s portfolio includes CME Bitcoin Futures, treasuries, corporate bonds, and cash, and does not have direct exposure to bitcoin. The futures contracts held by the fund are cash delivered.
BTF also came under pressure in its early days of trading as Bitcoin holders were selling the news of the launch of the two new funds. However, despite the short-term volatility, BTF is also likely to attract the attention of retail investors worldwide.
The Valkyrie Bitcoin Strategy ETF started trading on Oct. 22 at an opening price of $25.50. BTF fell to a low of $23.04 on Oct. 28, and currently sits just above $24.
Bitcoin ETFs: Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (GBTC)
52-week Range: $15.81 – $58.22
Expense Ratio: 2% per year
Our final discussion centers around the Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (BTC). As the name implies GBTC is a trust rather than an ETF. Investing in the trust represents partial ownership in Bitcoin.
The investment objective is for GBTC shares to reflect the value of the leading cryptocurrency held by the trust, determined by reference to the Index Price, less the trust’s expenses and other liabilities.
Before the launch of the other two ETFs in our list, GBTC was the only option for investors to purchase Bitcoin through their equity brokerage accounts. As GBTC is regulated by the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the trust discloses regular financial information. Since its inception in September 2013, assets under management have reached $40.4 billion.
Investors in GBTC follow whether the trust trades at a premium or discount to its Net Asset Value (NAV). Readers would likely know that “The discount/premium to NAV is a percentage that calculates the amount that an exchange traded fund or closed end fund is trading above or below its net asset value. This metric can be a valuable metric to track how far away a security is trading away from its true value.”
Until March 2021, GBTC was trading at a premium. Now it is at almost a 14% discount to the spot price of Bitcoin. This move premium to discount shows “The evaporation of the premium comes as competition in the space grows.”
GBTC currently lies around $50. It is up about 52.6% so far in 2021. By comparison, Bitcoin has more than doubled in the past 10 months. In other words, interested investors would likely be better off by investing directly in BTC-USD.
On a final note, Grayscale has recently launched an application with the SEC to convert GBTC into an exchange-traded fund. As InvestorPlace.com contributor Samuel O’Brient recently wrote, there are other fund sponsors that have also applied for launching a number of ETFs. Put another way, 2022 is likely to become another busy year for crypto fans and regulators.
On the date of publication, Tezcan Gecgil did not have (either directly or indirectly) any positions in the securities mentioned in this article. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the writer, subject to the InvestorPlace.com Publishing Guidelines.
Tezcan Gecgil, Ph.D., has worked in investment management for over two decades in the U.S. and U.K. In addition to formal higher education in the field, she has also completed all three levels of the Chartered Market Technician (CMT) examination. Her passion is for options trading based on technical analysis of fundamentally strong companies. She especially enjoys setting up weekly covered calls for income generation. | <urn:uuid:d9510812-2454-4f62-adc2-34dacfadae41> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://investorplace.com/2021/11/3-bitcoin-etfs-to-give-investors-a-taste-of-the-hot-crypto/?mod=mw_quote_news | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.949766 | 1,717 | 1.601563 | 2 |
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