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From: "Kathie Hodge" <Kathie_Hodge at qmrelay.mail.cornell.edu>
>Thanks for the thought-provoking info on how rare tropical trees are MORE,
>rather than less likely to be dioeious. It seems counterintuitive! I wonder
>if anyone has speculated on why this should be the case.
Perhaps they are rare *because* they are dioecious. Much of the literature
about tropical tree breeding systems explores this point. Principal
investigators include James Hamrick at Georgia and Kamal Bawa at Boston U.
Of course, if dioecy is a cause of rarity, which is "bad", then it becomes
an even more interesting question why dioecy has evolved so many times
within monecious groups.
>I also appreciated your thoughts on how recombination might mess up attributes
>a pathogen needs to survive, like host behavior modification. However, I don't
>see why this argument should apply to these fungi more than it does to any
>other organism, the majority of which seem to have sex all the time without
>going extinct as a result of messing up some important function.
My point was that the relative advantages depend on the level of
opportunities to out-cross. From a group-selectionist point of view,
if you can't out-cross, you may be better off as an asexual species.
This argument has been made with respect to parthenogenic species of
freshwater fish in isolated stream systems.
>I have been unable to find anything substantive in the literature on why
>asexuality should be selected for in pathogens/parasites. If you know of
>anything interesting, please post or respond directly to me.
I have not been sufficiently interested in this question to collect
references, but I think you might find some good references in work
by Lynn(e) Margulis. Also, references have been provided here and/or
in bionet.plants in the past year, when the topic of the evolution of
sex came up. John Maynard Smith has published on the topic. Selection
for sex and for asexual reproduction are two sides of the same coin,
and there is certainly an enormous substantive literature on both.
Una Smith Biology Department smith-una at yale.edu
New Haven, CT 06511
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Many people would love to “be their own boss” but only a select few actually make the switch. If you’ve decided to leave behind your traditional 9-5 job that’s great! However, make sure you take the right steps to make the transition as smooth as possible. We here at Ballantyne Executive Suites want to see you succeed. That’s why we’ve put together this list to help take you from being a “wantrepreneur” to a truly successful entrepreneur.
Start with Experience
Start with what you know. One of the greatest predictors of success is starting in an area where you already have some experience. Find something in your chosen field that can be improved or something missing that you can add to it. If your chosen field is an area where you don’t have a lot of experience, determine how you’ll acquire the experience you’ll need to succeed.
Brainstorm and Research
Once you’ve determined which field you intend to pursue, it’s time to start brainstorming and researching that field in depth. It’s important to spend some time assessing demand and looking at your product or idea from your customer’s point of view. Does it fill a need? Is it an improvement on an old way of doing something? What type of competition will you have?
Consider Attending a Business Workshop
Attending a workshop is a great way to gain some knowledge of the basics of launching your own business. You’ll learn some useful tips on legal considerations and how to work with lenders, as well as other important information resources. SCORE has several great workshops that can help you get your business off to a great start.
Get Reliable Advice
Once you’ve gathered as much information as you can, and come up with a great idea, it’s important to discuss your plan with an experienced advisor or business counselor. SCORE is, once again, a great resource with counselors who can point you in the right direction, help answer questions, and evaluate your business ideas to see how likely they are to succeed. It’s also important to utilize other resources to help you get into the right mindset. The book, Employee to Entrepreneur: A Mind, Body, and Spirit Transition by Suzanne Mulvehill is an excellent resource to help you get in the right frame of mind to make the switch efficiently.
Lay Out Your Business Plan
Once you’ve got a solid idea in your chosen field and have done your research and spoken with an advisor, it’s time to get down to making your business plan. As you start laying out your idea on paper, you may end up with even more questions, but don’t worry – this is good! The more questions you encounter, the better you’ll be able to refine your idea into a viable business plan.
Gather Your Resources
Once you’ve devised a thorough business plan, it’s time to gather the people and money you’ll need to get things going. Do you need investors? Is it time to contact potential customers or gather employees? Take some time to devise a plan to get things rolling, including how you’ll market your business to give it the best possible start.
Usually after about 6 months you should be ready to get moving. This number is not set in stone, however, and some businesses may need more or less time depending on the nature of the business and your individual experience and knowledge. Once you’ve gotten to this point, don’t procrastinate! Start putting your business plan into practice as soon as possible and step outside of your comfort zone.
Making the transition from employee to entrepreneur may seem daunting at first, but it doesn’t have to be. Just following a few simple steps and gaining the knowledge and experience you’ll need are great first steps toward getting things moving. A word of caution, though: once you start working for yourself, you’ll find that you’ll never want to go back to being an employee! So what are you waiting for?
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Hi guys, in this pattern I teach you how to make a sleeve for your laptop, iPad or ebook reader. the pattern is made in tapestry crochet and consists of single crochets only. The only tricky part is the pattern, but once you are on your way it will be much easier. You can make this in every color you like and make it in every size.
- Baby Bamboo in the colors optical white (3 skeins), black (2 skeins) and light pink (2 skeins) from Ice Yarns
- G/6 4 mm crochet hook
- Stitch marker
- Measuring tape
- Tapestry needle
sl st slip stitch
sc single crochet
yo yarn over
yu yarn under
- This pattern is written in US terms.
- You don’t finish your rounds, you just keep going in a spiral.
- For this project you work in the back loops only and you make a single crochet with first a yarn over and finish the stitch with a yarn under.
- When you change color you do this in the middle of the sc before. When you have 2 loops of the first color on your hook, do the last yarn under in the next color and draw through all of the loops on the hook to finish the sc in the new color.
Measure around the smallest part of your laptop, Ebook reader or iPad. Write this number down. The pattern is in multiples of 16. Chain in light pink in multiples of 16 until you get as close as possible to the number you wrote down.
Close the round with a sl st in the first chain. Make sure your chain isn’t twisted. Ch 1 in light pink.
We attach the other 2 colors by placing them on the work as in this picture.
Work over the colors you don’t use every time you make a stitch. Follow the chart you see below. We work from right to left and from bottom to top, every box is a stitch.
The first 2 rounds I will explain and after that I’m sure you can go on working with the chart.
Round 1: (You see the bottom row of the chart, this is round 1) make a sc in the next 7 stitches in light pink. Don’t finish the last stitch but switch to white and finish this stitch in white. Sc in the next stitch, finish this stitch in black. Sc in the next stitch, finish this stitch in white. Sc in the next 7 stitches, don’t finish the last stitch but change to light pink and finish in that color. Repeat until the end of the round. Don’t finish the last stitch but see in the chart which color starts in round 2, in this case it is pink so finish the stitch in light pink.
Don’t close the rounds but work directly in the first stitch of the previous round. Mark the first stitch with a stitch marker so you know where to start a new round.
Round 2: (You see the 2nd row of the chart, this is round 2) make a sc in the next 6 stitches in light pink. Don’t finish the last stitch but switch to white and finish this stitch in white. Sc in the next 2 stitches, finish this stitch in black. Sc in the next 2 stitches, finish this stitch in white. Sc in the next 6 stitches, don’t finish the last stitch but change to light pink and finish in that color. Repeat until the end of the round. Don’t finish the last stitch but see in the chart which color starts in round 3, in this case it is pink so finish the stitch in light pink.
Follow the chart until the work is the height you need. I worked the entire chart to reach my height.
If the sleeve is the height you need then it is time to make the closure. Work the first 8 stitches of the sleeve in the color of your choice. I work in white because my first 8 stitches are white. Then ch 1 and turn your work, work sc in every stitch across, 8 in total. Repeat this until the closure is about 1” or 2,5 cm. then (see pictures below) ch 8 and make a sl st in the last stitch to form a loop. Turn your work so the front is facing you and decide where you want to sew the button. Sew the button in place and weave in the ends.
Turn your work inside out and close the bottom with sl st. Cut your yarn, bind off and weave in your ends. Turn your sleeve right side out, slide in your device and you are ready to go to work.
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The climacteric is an interval characterized by a multitude of physiologic, psychologic, and sociologic alterations that result in an individual's adaptation to life beyond reproduction. The common denominator of the physiologic changes is the loss of functional ovarian follicles and their ability to produce estradiol. The relative estrogen deficiency results in a myriad of systemic changes, some of which in themselves may impair the quality of life or be life-threatening. Estrogen replacement therapy is effective in alleviating some of these changes, including osteoporosis, vasomotor symptoms, and genital atrophy. This treatment, however, confers additional risks, endometrial adenocarcinoma being the one of greatest concern. This risk can be reduced by carefully selecting patients to be treated, closely following them, minimizing the duration and amount of exposure, and adding a progestin to the regimen. It is hoped that the risk of endometrial cancer and other adverse reactions associated with estrogen use can be further reduced when more data regarding optimum dosage and choice of agents are available.
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A very good example of the Scarce MK III 1888 Pattern Lee Metford Bayonet.
This is the last variation of this model to be made. It was made in 1903 by Wilkinson Sword, London, and bears the correct kings crown for Edward VII.
It is housed in its correct steel mounted leather scabbard.
A good untouched bayonet, with some staining to the steel of both bayonet and scabbard, but a bright, well marked blade, exhibiting signs of light sharpening and use.
Strictly over 18's only. Photo ID will be required before this item can be dispatched.
Please fill in the information below
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I’m in lab Hair Trigger, looking at Jieux’s #1 voted submission called Trigger Finger and comparing it with JR’s most recent submission called JR_space_sw_e1.
Jieux’s shows the 1st and 2nd state stacks properly. JR’s does not. JR’s shows the 2nd state in both states.
This is consistent across repeated opening’s of JR’s JR_space_sw_e1 submission.
What you have run into is the fact that the game bases the dot plot on the predicted natural mode for the current state. With JR’s JR_space_sw_e1 submission, the first state, when you change it to natural mode, is predicted to fold into the same shape as the 2nd state.
As seen in the above screenshot, the first state is unstable, and this is how it is predicted to fold. The game uses the predicted fold to generate the bottom left of the dotplot, hence the differences between designs.
Why does it use a prediction when the desired shape is already known?
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Use your current crisis to make a compelling case for investment in legal tech that better prepares your business for the next emergency.
Always expect the unexpected
You never know what’s going to happen next. Life is full of unpredictable surprises, some pleasant, some not so. We can only control what we can control – everything else is out of our hands.
For example, we can ensure we always drive safely, but we are but one of thousands of cars on the road at any given time. We do not know who will lose control or unexpectedly swerve into our lane.
A business is no different. You are no doubt diligent, compliant and respectable. You ensure that the company and its employees act legally and appropriately.
However, your business is not an island. It must interact with customers, suppliers and a range of third parties. Who knows what they are planning, who they employ, and what risks they pose? This reliance on the delivery of goods and services that are out of your control is what makes procurement and contracting so risky.
There are also events that are no one’s fault. Forces of nature, disasters, Icelandic volcanoes, earthquakes and, as we have seen recently, global pandemics. Such events are out of everyone’s control. They are no one’s fault, but they are suddenly everyone’s problem.
Controlling events that cannot be anticipated
Does this mean that businesses and GCs should just accept the risks of an unpredictable world? Should legal professionals shrug philosophically at the contingent, unexpected nature of our world? After all, if we can’t change what others will do, if there is some predeterminism in place, and if Mother Nature will do as she pleases, surely nothing can be done to mitigate risk?
Not at all.
As already stated, your business is interwoven with many other parties. These relationships are reflected in your portfolio of contracts: what goods or services are being exchanged, for what price, when payments are due and so forth.
Each time an unexpected event occurs, those contracts need to be explored to identify liabilities and obligations. For example, consider the end of Libor, GDPR, and the global pandemic. Businesses need to know immediately how their commercial relationships are impacted. GCs are asked: ‘“How does this affect us? What do we need to know about the impact on our business and our commercial relationships? What are our obligations and potential sanctions should we be non-compliant?”
The grind of manual contract checks
Traditionally this is a slow, manual (and painful) affair. A senior member – or even members – of the legal team will need to:
- Locate all the company’s contracts (and let us not make light of this first stage; contracts are notoriously poorly managed post-signature, with businesses often not knowing where their contracts are stored – either analogue paper format or digitally – never mind what is held within them)
- Review each contract manually to see if the contract is in any way impacted by the specific event
- Return the contract and move on to the next one
This is in and of itself a grind. But the bigger issue is that this process needs to be conducted for each new crisis. Each time, contracts are reviewed only for a specific scenario. As soon as that one topic is assessed, the lawyer moves on. Months, weeks or even only days later, something new occurs that requires a fresh round of contractual reviews.
Repetition is unavoidable, making the process slow, expensive, and inefficient.
This also subjects the business to additional undue risk. The longer it takes the enterprise to understand its obligations or the impact of their contractual terms, the greater the threat of non-compliance.
Digitise once, review at will
The answer lies in legal tech, specifically contract review technology. By digitising each contract at the point of first review, a digital data asset is created. It is structured and formatted to make data exploration fast and simple.
- No more contract hunting; all contracts are stored in one central place
- Searching for specific terms and obligations is fast and easy
- The whole endeavour is cheaper, and removes undue risk
- It is scalable, no matter how many contracts need to be explored
In our recent webinar, Rob Dinning, EMEIA Legal Function Consulting Leader at Ernst & Young, expressed this point beautifully.
“GDPR, end of Libor, and COVID-19 has sent people running to their contract stack, opening the cupboard door and looking through those same contracts for a different reason. To diagnose that as not a once-in-a-lifetime event, but a perennial state of needing access to data on a very agile and responsive basis, let’s not solve it by getting an army of paralegals to read it for that clause, and then six months later ask them to do it again. Use that as the impetus to say ‘what we need is a digitisation program, so we make our contractual assets digital assets. It can help us respond to regulatory or other external events, and it can also enable some proactive analysis to help us stay ahead of risks or maximise opportunities’.”
Seek the silver lining in the cloud
You can never predict the next crisis, but you can ensure you are set up to manage it effectively. To return to our car analogy, you cannot control the actions of other drivers, but you can ensure that your own vehicle is roadworthy, you are wearing a seatbelt, and the airbag is functioning correctly. Should anything happen out of your control, you are prepared.
We know that GCs struggle to get investment for legal tech. And this is precisely why you should not let a good crisis go to waste.
There is always a new emergency around the corner. By showing the business how difficult it is to manually assess the impact of each new crisis on all contracts and obligations, you can make a compelling case for legal tech.
When the next crisis hits, your legal team is prepared. Your contracts, now digitised and structured ready for interrogation, are available on demand.
By investing in technology that allows you to digitise at the point of first review you give your legal team the power to quickly understand all obligations and compliance requirements, putting you in a position of strength while your competitors are floundering.
They say when life gives you lemons, make lemonade. In legal tech terms, that means using the current crisis to ensure you get executive investment in the right technology to protect yourself from future crises.
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A little over a year ago, BioCrystal of Westerville, Ohio, introduced the futuristically designed OptiCell™ for tissue culture.1 The 100-cm2 growth area of each OptiCell (33% more than a T-75 flask) requires only 10 ml of growth medium. Building on this invention, BioCrystal developed a fully automated Robotic Cell Culture System (RC2S) capable of processing 402 OptiCells from inoculation to harvest with almost no human intervention. "Our focus is on growing anchorage-dependent cells," says Jeff Bergen, CEO. "Most pharmaceutical companies want to be able to harvest up to one billion cells per day on consecutive days for a week at a time for further processing;" continues Bergen. "Our RC2S system will enable that at reasonable cost." The current estimated price is about $400,000 (US).
Tools for bulk cell culture currently include stir-tank ($150,000-$200,000) and cell-cube ($50,000-$100,000) bioreactors, roller bottles, and hollow-fiber systems. "A...
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Need some help taking care of your car? You’ve come to the right place.
Knowing a thing or two about car maintenance is crucial for all drivers. Today, we’re covering oil changes with Shanna Simmons, a mechanical engineer at Pennzoil.
She shares some much-needed information about motor oil. Think of it as the lifeblood of your engine–your car needs it to survive! That’s why Shanna suggests using Pennzoil, the most trusted motor oil brand in America that takes synthetic motor oil performance to a whole new level.
Pennzoil’s line of synthetic motor oils are made from natural gas instead of crude oil, which supports complete protection and top engine performance. Stay tuned to learn more.
Car owner Kara gets a crash course in motor oil education from Shanna, and then heads to Jiffy Lube for an oil change.
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The accounts of Jesus’s birth in Matthew (chapter 1) and Luke (chapters 1-2) are clear and unequivocal: Jesus’s birth was not ordinary. He was not an ordinary child, and his conception did not come about in the ordinary way. His mother, Mary, was a virgin, having had no intercourse prior to conception and birth. By the Holy Spirit, Mary’s womb became the cradle of the Son’s incarnation (Matt. 1:20; Luke 1:35).
Of course, the doctrine of the virgin birth (or more precisely, the virginal conception) has been ridiculed by many outside the church, and, in modern times, by not a few voices inside the church. Two arguments are usually mentioned.
First, the prophecy about a virgin birth in Isaiah 7:14, it is argued, actually speaks of a young woman and not a virgin. (To be fair, some scholars make this argument about Isaiah’s prophecy and still believe in the virgin birth). Many have pointed out that the Hebrew word in Isaiah is almah and not the technical term for virgin, bethula. It is true that almah has a wider semantic range than bethula, but there are no clear references in the Old Testament where almah does not mean virgin. The word almah occurs nine times in the Old Testament, and wherever the context makes its meaning clear, the word refers to a virgin. More importantly, the Septuagint translates almah with the Greek word parthenos (the same word used in Matthew 1:23 where Isaiah 7:14 is quoted), and everyone agrees that parthenos means “virgin.” The Jewish translators of the Septuagint would not have used a clear Greek word for virgin if they understood Isaiah 7:14 to refer to nothing more than a young woman.
Second, many have objected to the virgin birth because they see it as a typical bit of pagan mythologizing. “Mithraism had a virgin birth. Christianity had a virgin birth. They are all just fables. Even Star Wars has a virgin birth.” This popular argument sounds plausible at first glance, but there are a number of problems with it.
(1) The assumption that there was a prototypical God-Man who had certain titles, did certain miracles, was born of a virgin, saved his people, and then got resurrected is not well-founded. In fact, no such prototypical “hero” existed before the rise of Christianity.
(2) It would have been unthinkable for a Jewish sect (which is what Christianity was initially) to try to win new converts by adding pagan elements to their gospel story. I suppose a good Jew might make up a story to fit the Old Testament, but to mix in bits of paganism would have been anathema to most Jews.
(3) The supposed virgin birth parallels are not convincing. Consider some of the usual suspects.
Alexander the Great: his most reliable ancient biographer (several centuries after his death) makes no mention of a virgin birth. Besides, the story that began to circulate (after the rise of Christianity) is about an unusual conception, but not a virgin birth. Alexander’s parents were already married when he was born.
Dionysus: like so many of the pagan “parallels,” he was born when a god (in this case Zeus) disguised himself as a human and impregnated a human princess. This is not a virgin birth and not like the Holy Spirit’s role we read about in the Gospels.
Mithra: he’s a popular parallel. But he was born of a rock, not a virgin. Moreover, the cult of Mithra in the Roman Empire dates to after the time of Christ, so any dependence is Mithraism on Christianity and not the other way around.
Buddha: his mother dreamed that Buddha entered her in the form of a white elephant. But this story doesn’t appear until five centuries after his death, and she was already married.
In short, the so-called parallels always occur well after the life in question, well into the Christian era, and are not really stories of virginal conceptions.
What’s the Big Deal?
Even if professing Christians accept the virgin birth, many would have a hard time articulating why the doctrine really matters. Several years ago, Rob Bell (in)famously argued that it wouldn’t be a big deal if we discovered “Jesus had an earthly father named Larry.” What if the virgin birth was thrown in to appeal to the followers of Mithra and Dionysian religious cults? What if the word for virgin referred to a child whose mother became pregnant the first time she had intercourse? Bell suggested that none of this would be catastrophic to the Christian faith because Jesus would still be the best possible way to live.
So what is the big deal about the virgin birth? Why does it matter?
For starters, the virgin birth is essential to Christianity because it has been essential to Christianity. That may sound like weak reasoning, but only if we care nothing about the history and catholicity of the church. Granted, the church can get things wrong, sometimes even for a long time. But if Christians, of all stripes in all places, have professed belief in the virgin birth for two millennia, maybe we should be slow to discount it as inconsequential. In his impressive study of the virgin birth, J. Gresham Machen concluded that “there can be no doubt that at the close of the second century the virgin birth of Christ was regarded as an absolutely essential part of the Christian belief by the Christian church in all parts of the known world.” It takes a lot of hubris to think that an essential article of faith for almost 2,000 years of the Christian church can be set aside without doing damage to the faith.
Second, the gospel writers clearly believed that Mary was a virgin when Jesus was conceived. We don’t know precisely how the Christ-child came to be in Mary’s womb, except that the conception was “from the Holy Spirit” (Matt. 1:20). But we do know that Mary understood the miraculous nature of this conception, having asked the angel, “How will this be, since I am a virgin?” (Luke 1:34). The Gospels do not present the virgin birth as some prehistoric myth or pagan copy-cat, but as “an orderly account” of actual history from eyewitnesses (Luke 1:1-4). If the virgin birth is false, the historical reliability of the gospels is seriously undermined.
Third, the virgin birth demonstrates that Jesus is truly human and truly divine. This is the point the Heidelberg Catechism makes when it asks in Question 35, “How does the holy conception and birth of Christ benefit you?” The answer: “He is our mediator, and with his innocence and perfect holiness he removes from God’s sight my sin—mine since I was conceived.” If Jesus had not been born of a human, we could not believe in his full humanity. At the same time, if his birth were like any other human birth—through the union of a human father and mother—we would question his full divinity. The virgin birth is necessary to secure both a real human nature and a completely divine nature.
Finally, the virgin birth is essential because it means Jesus did not inherit the curse of depravity that clings to Adam’s race. Jesus was made like us in every way except for sin (Heb. 4:15; 7:26-27). Every human father begets a son or daughter with his sin nature. This is the way of the world after the fall. Sinners beget sinners (Ps. 51:5). Always. If Joseph was the real father of Jesus, or Mary had been sleeping around with Larry, Jesus is not spotless, not innocent, and not perfectly holy. And as result, we have no mediator and no salvation.
The virgin birth is part of what Christians have believed in all times and in all places, and it is a key element in what it means for the incarnation to be “for us and for salvation.” We ignore the doctrine at our peril; we celebrate it to our benefit and to God’s glory.
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What Actual Surgeons Think of 'Grey's Anatomy' Will Make You Laugh
If you’ve watched every single episode of “Grey’s Anatomy” (as of February 8, 2018, there are 305, including five specials), you may think you know everything there is to know about hospitals. Heck, you may even consider yourself a medical expert.
But before you walk into a hospital and start bossing all the doctors and nurses around, you might want to take a moment — because new research has found that — surprise surprise — the made-for-TV version of the medical world isn’t quite accurate. Who would have thought!
According to a study published in the journal Trauma Surgery and Acute Care, people who watch medical shows like “Grey’s Anatomy” “may develop an unrealistic perception of the daily events and activities involving patients and staff at their local hospital.” And this goes way beyond the doctor’s not looking like McDreamy and McSteamy. (Sigh.)
“Patient satisfaction is a big deal these days. It’s become a measure of quality,” explained study author Dr. Jordan Weinberg. “If there’s a real gap between [expectation and reality], it makes it a relatively poor experience for the patient, and it transfers to a poor experience for the nurses and doctors trying to take care of this patient who feels very frustrated.”
Weinberg, trauma medical director at St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center in Phoenix, along with his team, screened 269 episodes of the popular medical drama. They focused on the 290 fictional trauma patients who visited the Seattle Grace/Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital featured on the show, recording data about everything ranging from demographics and admission patterns to length of stay, severity of injuries and final outcomes. Next they compared this data with patient data from real life, which they attained via the National Trauma Databank.
It should come as zero surprise that the television version of hospital life is way more dramatic than real life and incredibly more glamorous. Because why would we want it any other way? It’s all about entertainment and escapism at the end of the day.
So what were the big discrepancies? For one, fictional hospital patients are younger than real patients (34 versus 41) and more likely to be female (40 percent versus 30 percent). Apparently, it’s a lot more entertaining to watch a young woman swallow a bomb (yes, that was an actual plotline) than a middle-aged man.
Recovery times were also totally off: Television patients were more likely be discharged from hospital at a more rapid speed (seriously injured “Grey’s” patients spend less than a week in the hospital, compared with 20 percent in real life). The death rate was also much higher on the show, with a whopping 22 percent of the fictional patients passing away, compared to 7 percent in the comparison group. Phew!
“Although realism is an integral element to the success of a television drama set in a contemporary workplace, be it a hospital or police department, the requirements for dramatic effect demand a focus on the exceptional rather than the mundane,” the study explained.
“Hence, American television medical dramas tend to rely on story lines that feature rare diseases, odd presentations of common diseases, fantastic and/or quirky injuries and mass-casualty events, all framed within a ‘realistic’ representation of a typical U.S. hospital.”
However, this isn’t to say that shows like “Grey’s Anatomy” get it all wrong. Weinberg, who hadn’t watched the drama before the study, admits there is a lot of truth to their depiction of hospital life, likely due to the fact that producers employ “physician consults” to keep things somewhat accurate.
Ultimately, he’s not asking you to stop binge-watching the show — just don’t base your medical expectations on it. “We don’t watch ‘Grey’s Anatomy’ to be educated. We watch it for entertainment value,” he said. “Within the constraints of what they’re trying to do, which is entertain people, they actually do a very good job of achieving reality.”
So the next time you walk into a hospital, remember that your actual experience likely will not resemble a plotline on the show. You might have to wait a little bit longer to see the doctor, and he may not resemble Patrick Dempsey or Ellen Pompeo, but at least you aren’t there because you sawed off your own foot. And, yes, that happened on the show too.
What Do YOU Think?
Are you surprised “Grey’s Anatomy” is not an accurate portrayal of hospital life? Do you see any danger in watching medical dramas? What other television shows may misrepresent their subject matter?
Maria Menounos, Serena Williams and 10 Other Celebrities Who Survived a Terrifying Health Scare
Pros and Cons of a Paper Health Record
Supersize Vs. Superskinny Diet Plans
Difference Between Health Care Surrogate and Power of Attorney
Hospitalization Vs. Hospice Care
Socialization in Teenagers
Activities for Kids About Jesus Dying on a Cross
How to Put on a Hospital Gown
Stages of Intellectual Development in Children & Teenagers
How to Preach the Story of Jonah to Teens
Leah Groth is a writer and editor currently based in Philadelphia. She has covered topics such as entertainment, parenting, health & wellness for xoJane, Babble, Radar, Fit Pregnancy, Mommy Nearest, Living Healthy and PopDust.
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- Bring your design ideas to life in 3D with SketchUp
- Learn to try out different ideas quickly and easily by making edits to your models
- Go way beyond the free videos and learn how to build SketchUp models the professional way
- Cut drawing times in half, literally, with a simple mirror method
- Learn why its so important to build your model in situ
- Learn how you can model even complex shapes with a simple technique
- Learn to draw something once, and use it again and again and again, saving hours
Let me teach you the basic methods I use in SketchUp as a professional illustrator and designer with 20 years experience in woodworking magazines!
I have drawn thousands of woodworking projects for magazines in the UK, US and Europe, and currently illustrate 2 top UK titles, Furniture and Cabinetmaking and Woodworking Crafts.
I also run SketchUp for Woodworkers, one of the fastest growing communities on Google+ with over 5000 members!
SketchUp has been a big part of this process. What a great drawing program, with a fantastic FREE version!
Learning the basic tools is just the start though. You can save yourself so much time and effort by using a few simple methods I show you in the course.
Using these techniques, you will find it much easier to design and draw your own projects!
Drawing in 3D can be huge fun, seeing something you have imagined coming to life.
It can also be a bit daunting at first, and without a clear structure to guide you, its possible to get a bit lost. This is why you need my course.
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Supreme Court Rules to Limit EPA on Regulating Power Plant Emissions
The Supreme Court on Thursday ruled to limit how the nation’s main anti-air pollution law can be used to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from power plants.
By a 6-3 vote, with conservatives in the majority, the court said that the Clean Air Act does not give the Environmental Protection Agency broad authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from power plants that contribute to global warming.
The decision, said environmental advocates and dissenting liberal justices, was a major step in the wrong direction — “a gut punch,” one prominent meteorologist said — at a time of increasing environmental damage attributable to climate change amid dire warnings about the future.
Gov. David Ige released a statement saying this ruling is another reminder that government action at all levels is needed, and Hawaiʻi has shown that it is possible.
“Hawaiʻi has long led the nation in response to the existential threat of climate change, and we will continue to do so,” Ige stated. “We will continue our work with other governors and local leaders to enact priority policies and take high-impact actions to help lead the world to a better place.”
Hawai‘i Chief Energy Officer Scott Glenn supported Ige’s comments, adding Hawai‘i is making progress toward the state’s climate and clean energy goals and this decision doesn’t change its commitment or trajectory.
“In Hawai‘i, eliminating our dependence on fossil fuels is about strengthening our islands’ self-sufficiency, energy resilience and security, and doing our part to fight climate change,” Glenn stated. “To that end, we are continuing to reduce emissions by decommissioning the last coal plant in Hawaii this September and transitioning to clean, renewable energy. Continuing along this path of retiring other fossil fuel power plants lessens the need to rely on the EPA’s ability to regulate emissions in the first place.”
Suzanne Case, DLNR Chair and Hawai‘i Climate Adaptation and Mitigation Commissio co-chair, said it’s unfortunate the ruling limits the federal government’s ability to act strongly on climate change.
“We have a moral imperative to address climate change due to impacts we already see to natural resources,” Case said. “Sea level rise is eroding our beaches and shorelines. Coral bleaching is damaging our reefs. Warmer temperatures are forcing disease-carrying mosquitoes into higher elevations where the avian malaria they infect native birds with is on the verge of causing the extinction of two honeycreeper species in as little as two years. Right now, we are experiencing the impacts of drought statewide, and this has already caused more frequent and more intense wildfires.”
Case agreed with Ige adding Hawai‘i has shown progress and leadership in addressing both the causes and impacts of climate change and “we will continue to work with other leaders at all levels of government who remain committed to addressing what is the greatest existential threat facing the planet.”
The Climate Commission sees this ruling as reaffirming the need for climate action at the state level. Climate Commission Co-Chair Mary Alice Evans said, “Just as we did in 2017, when the federal government withdrew from global leadership, Hawai‘i, in partnership with other states will step forward to lead on climate action.” Evans emphasized the importance of mitigation and adaptation actions locally, “as we are already experiencing droughts, flooding, and heat stress.”
The Climate Commission promotes ambitious, climate-neutral, culturally responsive strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigation, in a manner that is clean, equitable, and resilient. The Climate Commission was created by Act 32 in 2017. The commission is administratively attached to the DLNR.
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Protect yourself and others from getting sick.
Older adults and people who have severe underlying medical conditions like heart or lung disease or diabetes seem to be at higher risk for developing serious complications from COVID-19 illness.
Only leave for essential medical care and keep your system strong.
You can be contagious without symptoms. Protect those around you by wearing a face covering.
Wash your hands often with soap and water. Use hand sanitizer if soap and water are not available.
Stay at least 6 feet away from other people.
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Your home's plumbing and electrical systems may seem as different as any two things could be. But there are significant parallels. Water enters your home through a pipe under pressure, and, when you turn on a tap, the water flows at a certain rate (gallons per minute). Electricity enters your home through wires, also under pressure (called voltage, measured in volts). When you turn on an electrical device, the electricity flows at a certain rate (current, measured in amperes, or amps).
Unlike water, which is used as it comes from the tap, electricity is meant to do work: It is converted from energy to power, measured in watts. Since household electrical consumption is relatively high, the unit of measure most often used is the kilowatt, which is equal to 1,000 watts. The total amount of electrical energy you use in any period is measured in terms of kilowatt-hours (kwh).
The instrument that records how much electricity you use is called an electric meter. This meter tells the power company how much electricity they need to charge you for. There are two types of electric meters in general use. One type displays a row of small dials on its face with individual indicators. Each meter dial registers the kilowatt-hours of electrical energy. For example, if you leave a 100-watt bulb burning for 10 hours, the meter will register 1 kilowatt-hour (10x100 = 1,000 watt-hours, or 1 kwh). Each dial registers a certain number of kilowatt-hours of electrical energy. From right to left on most meter faces, the far right is the one that counts individual kilowatt-hours from 1 to 10; the next one counts the electricity from 10 to 100 kilowatt-hours; the third dial counts up to 1,000; the fourth counts up to 10,000; and the dial at the extreme left counts kilowatt-hours up to 100,000. If the arrow on a dial is between two numbers, the lower number should always be read.
The second type of electric meter performs the same function, but, instead of having individual dials, it has numerals in slots on the meter face, much like an odometer in a car. This meter is read from left to right, and the numbers indicate total electrical consumption. Some meters also use a multiplying factor -- the number that appears must be multiplied by ten, for instance, for a true figure in kilowatt-hours. Once you know how to read your meter, you can verify the charges on your electric bill and become a better watchdog of electrical energy consumption in your home.
Three main lines (older houses may have two) are responsible for supplying 110-120/220-240 volts AC (alternating current) to your home. The exact voltage varies depending on several external factors. This three-wire system provides you with 110-120-volt power for lighting, receptacles, and small appliances as well as 220-240-volt power for air conditioning, an electric range, a clothes dryer, a water heater, and, in some homes, electric heating.
Electricity enters your home through the power company's service equipment, which is simply a disconnect device mounted in an approved enclosure. It's used to disconnect the service from the interior wiring system. Usually called a main fuse, main breaker, main disconnect, or often just "the main," this disconnect might be a set of pull-out fuses, a circuit breaker, or a large switch.
Although main disconnects can be mounted outdoors in a weatherproof box, they are nearly always inside the house in a large enclosure that also contains the fuses or circuit breakers, which handle the distribution of power throughout the building. This is called a main entrance panel, a main box, or an entrance box. The three wires from the meter enter this box. Two of them -- the heavily insulated black and red lines -- are attached to the tops of a parallel pair of exposed heavy copper bars, called buses, at the center of the box. These two lines are the "live," or "hot," wires. The third wire, generally bare, is the "neutral." It is attached to a separate grounding bar, or bus, that is a silver-color strip in the main box. In most homes this ground bus is actually connected to the ground -- the earth -- by a heavy solid copper wire clamped to a cold water pipe or to an underground bar or plate.
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More than 100 new laws take effect in Florida Sunday... including a limit on child marriage.
That change was championed by Sherry Johnson of Tampa, who told lawmakers she was forced to marry the man who raped her so he could avoid criminal charges.
Johnson wanted lawmakers to ban child marriage completely by raising the minimum age to 18, but they didn't.
There's a loophole that allows 17 year olds to get married as long as their partner is no more than 2 years older.
Another new law allows Florida courts to adopt a program allowing police to issue civil citations instead of arresting kids for minor offenses.
A controversial school safety package approved in the aftermath of the Parkland massacre takes effect Sunday, as well.
The legislation raises the minimum age to buy a firearm to 21 and imposes a three day waiting period.
It also requires armed guards at public schools.
The NRA says that law goes too far and they're already working to overturn it in court and repeal it in the state legislature.
Legislation that cracks down on opioid abuse by limiting painkiller prescriptions also takes effect Sunday.
And there is a piece of legislation that opens the door to putting Florida on Daylight Saving Time all year long going into effect ... though, for that legislation to take effect, Congress will have to sign on.
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Indicating the default application for a given mimetype is done by writing into the group [Default Applications] in the file mimeapps.list.
The [Default Applications] group indicates the default application to be used for a given mimetype. This is for instance the one that will be started when double-clicking on a file in a file manager. If the application is no longer installed, the next application in the list is attempted, and so on.
This example ensures that the application default1.desktop will be used for mimetype1, if it's installed and associated with the type, and otherwise default2.desktop if it's installed and associated:
[Default Applications] mimetype1=default1.desktop;default2.desktop;
The value is a semicolon-separated list of desktop file IDs (as defined in the desktop entry spec).
In the absence of such an entry, the next mimeapps.list is checked. Once all levels have been checked, if no entry could be found, the implementation should pick the most-preferred .desktop files associated with the mimetype, taking into account added and removed associations as per the previous section.
The suggested algorithm for determining the default application for a given mimetype is:
get the list of desktop ids for the given mimetype under the "Default Applications" group in the first mimeapps.list
for each desktop ID in the list, attempt to load the named desktop file, using the normal rules
if a valid desktop file is found, verify that it is associated with the type (as in the previous section)
if a valid association is found, we have found the default application
if after all list items are handled, we have not yet found a default application, proceed to the next mimeapps.list file in the search order and repeat
if after all files are handled, we have not yet found a default application, select the most-preferred application (according to associations) that supports the type
The above process is repeated for each mimetype from the most specific to the least specific. Note in particular that an application that can handle a more specific type will be used in preference to an application explicitly marked as the default for a less-specific type.
Note that, unlike adding and removing associations, a desktop ID set as the default for an application can refer to a desktop file of the same name found in a directory of higher precedence.
Note as well that the default application for a given type must be an application that is associated with the type. This means that implementations should either ensure that such an association exists or add one explicitly when setting an application as the default for a type.
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As you learn to play this fingerstyle arrangement of Knockin’ On Heaven’s Door, be sure to frequently return to the performance as a good reference point and guide.
Knockin’ On Heaven’s Door was written by the great pioneering singer-songwriter Bob Dylan in 1973. The song was written for the soundtrack of the film Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid.
This is one of Dylan’s best-known and most successful songs, and in this lesson we’re going to be learning a reasonably simple fingerstyle arrangement of it.
Knockin’ On Heaven’s Door is an incredibly easy song to play, perfect for beginners that want to learn basic open chords. Having said that, this being an instrumental arrangement inevitably brings a few challenges but I’ve purposely tried to keep things simple to show you that fingerstyle arrangements don’t always have to be highly complicated.
Alright, let’s start learning Knockin’ On Heaven’s Door, hope you enjoy!
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Learn The Principles And Steps To Building Financial Models and prepare a DCF Valuation of a business. This virtual program teaches you the principles and concepts of financial modeling and also walks you through, STEP-BY-STEP, using historical financial statements and make forecast resulting in a 3- statement financial Model. This means you will be able to build a forecast P & L, Balance Sheet, Statement of Cash flows and a DCF valuation and you learn these, Right From The Comfort Of Your Home
FROM THE VIRTUAL OFFICE OF EMMANUEL DANIELS
3-5 Day Courses in Excel are good but you cannot learn everything in 3 -5 days. In fact, I Started learning Excel 17 years ago and I am still learning because the program is so deep.
To Help you enhance your skills outside those 3-day programs, I have created this 2-in-1 course which is now officially launched on 24/7/2017, apart from the advanced Excel and VBA for Excel Courses I created in 2014.
THIS COURSE COMPRISE…:
- Principles and concepts in financial Modeling
- Practical work, building a financial model from the scratch using a sample company.
- Walk through a real -life financial model constructed for a start-up business without any historical financial data.
WHY THIS COURSE?
- It is a must for finance professionals because they cannot do without number crunching.
- Statisticians, Engineers, Meteorologist and others in the science Field use Excel for data analysis and presentations
- It gives you accuracy and speed as well as edge over your peers.
- Top Level Managers Are less interested in details but need a quick view of results
- Top Level Managers want to see different aspects of a problem without being cumbered with too much details.
- Use Excel to by-pass a lot of time-consuming data entry functions.
- Use Excel to build models you can use to evaluate the profit potential or a project or transactions thereby, minimizing business losses.
- Use Excel to build templates to check excess bank charges
- Use Excel to build a customized accounting solution with forms if you cannot afford an accounting software for you business at the moment.
WHY SUBSCRIBE FOR MY VIRTUAL TRAINING?
You cannot learn Excel in 3 days – Use this program to build you skill set over time If you cannot pay N50,000 to N100,000 to take your Excel Skills to an Advanced Level, this program is for you
- If you do not have the time to attend class training, this program is for you
- If you want to learn how to build financial models, this program is for you
CONTENTS OF THE FINANCIAL MODELING COURSE
PART 1- BASIC PRINCIPLES
- Overview Of Financial Modeling
- Basic Requirements For Building Financial Models
- Structure & Types Of Financial Models
- Financial Modeling Best & Worse Practices
- 3-Statement Modeling Principles
PART 2- CASE STUDY
- Building A 3-Statement Financial Model from the scratch, using historical financial Information.
PART 3- BUSINESS VALUATION
- Overview of business valuation
- Determinants Of Business Value
- Concept of Discounting Cash flows – Which Cash flows to Discount?
- Cost Of Capital – Equity, Debt, Weighted Average, Beta
- Valuation Methods – DCF, Market Valuation, Precedent Transactions
- Enterprise & Equity Value
- Terminal Value & Exit Multiples
- Valuation Sensitivity Analysis
- Building A Revolving Credit Facility in a Financial Model
PART 4- CHARTS
- Creating A Football Field Chart
PART 5- PROJECT FINANCE MODELING
- Understanding Project Finance Vs Corporate Finance
- Types Of Project Finance
- Parties & Documents In Project Finance
- Elements Of Costs In Project Modeling
- Project Risks & mitigation strategies
- Components Of A Project Finance Model
- How To Treat Interest During Project Construction
- Creating Debt Schedule in Project Modeling
- Project CAPEX Roll Forward Shedule
- Handling Circular Reference In Project Modeling
- Project Financial Evaluation
- Project Ratio Analysis
- Project Sensitivity
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Apple ultimately launched their 4G smart phone which attracted thousands of people worldwide to have one. Steve Job, Chief executive officer of Apple announced that iPhone 4 was the best success that Apple has ever seen. In this article we briefly review the development and feature of iPhone 4G and the way to get it without bearing the entire retail price.
Whenever we study the creation of 4G smart phone, the very first company to discharge it is HTC, the name in the phone is EVO which was launched on Sprint. Should you be not using Sprint when your carrier, then normally you are going to not be able to obtain a 4G smart phone. But the situation changed after Apple released their own iPhone 4G. In America AT&T will be the sole partner of Apple. Some marketers estimate AT&T will quickly gain the leading position in the community of smart phone carrier for this reason partnership.
We live in a time where inflation and recession is bringing about lots of people to cut down spending. Many people have been forced out of their jobs and lots of happen to be de-promoted. The costs are increasing as well as the income is decreasing. For such people buying expensive items like iPhone is rarely possible. They remain missing out on the enjoyment of those tech devices. I know that love has no boundaries and even those that don’t have resources to buy tech products like iPhone, like it and also dream to purchase it. For such people I actually have fantastic news. There are several real chances which you might be able to claim a free of charge iPhone device for yourself.
The first one to get yourself a free iPhone is always to connect to internet. Then you need to search for some legitimate offers which are prepared to offer free iPhones. These free offers require a small favor from the part in return for an totally free iPhone. The favor is they will provide you with some a product, lets say an apple iphone itself and request you to check and see it thoroughly. Then they will require you to report any bugs and defects if you find in this particular product. That’s it, you are going to then get an iPhone which can either be the same one they gave you for testing if it had not been defected or otherwise they will give you a new one.
And then there are many advertising campaigns by many companies offering iPhones at no cost. You have to have seen some advertisements suggesting that you buy a product and send its empty wrapper to particular address, should you do so you will be entered in a lucky draw. It can become the perfect day and you also can become a winner because lucky draw. Many super stores and shopping markets give you a surprise gift vouchers which can include different items including iPhone. Then if we return again to internet, there are certain websites which in zcnbxn to have traffic for them, offer free products like iPhone. The reason that iPhone can be a part of the majority of marketing strategy is it is actually a popular product and there are many people who want to have it for free. They have their customer base and you also get your iPhone, here is the simple deal.
Now in the long run I would like to give you some suggestions. It is best to be aware of fake offers. There are many scams online that can ask you for the money. You should never pay anything to have an offer like this. All such offers are mainly free so no money and no cash. Another tip is you should remain patient. I f you allow up this means someone else will be given the ability to win the iPhone.
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To find traffic sources for a specific page, log into your Universal Google Analytics account (or jump to the GA4 instructions) and navigate to Behavior » Site Content. From there you can choose whether to view the traffic sources of all of your website’s pages, the landing pages, or the exit pages.
How do I see traffic to a specific page in Google Analytics?
To check traffic sources on specific pages:
- Log into Google Analytics.
- Click ‘Behaviour -> Overview’.
- Click the page you want to analyze.
- Click the Secondary dimension drop down menu.
- Within the drop down menu, click Acquisition -> Source (or medium, depending if you want to see general or specific traffic sources).
How do my visitors go from one page to another?
You can permanently redirect your visitors to another location, this is called Redirect 301. The number 301 stands for the http status code. Adding the number 301, tells search engines that the address has permanently moved to another location, consequently your page ranking will also be moved.
How do I see how many people have visited my Google site?
Go to Google Analytics and click “Sign in to Analytics” in the upper right-hand corner of the page.
- After signing in, you’ll be sent to the Home tab.
- Along with your active user count, the Overview page also tells you which pages your users are viewing, as well as their geographic location.
How Google Analytics count page views?
A pageview is defined as a view of a page on your site that is being tracked by the Analytics tracking code. If a user clicks reload after reaching the page, this is counted as an additional pageview. A unique pageview represents the number of sessions during which that page was viewed one or more times.
How do I know who visited my website?
Google Analytics can provide some information on who is visiting your website via the Network Report. The Google Analytics Network Report stores Service Provider data to show which service provider visitors are using to access your site.
How can I check visitors to my website?
Having said that, let’s take a look at the best tools to check how much traffic a website gets.
- SEMRush. SEMRush is an all-in-one traffic analysis and competition research tool.
- Google Search Console.
What is second page in Google Analytics?
“Next page path”: the next page after visiting the page you have selected for analysis “Second page”: the absolute second page of the visit. Second page works if the page you are currently viewing, is indeed the landing page (first page) of the visit.
What is Next Page path Google Analytics?
In Google Analytics, the Previous Page Path shows what page was visited just before the current Page, but Next Page Path seems to be broken or not working. Google has done little to explain themselves in their help documentation, and describing the Next Page Path as the “destination page” doesn’t really help much.
What is a user in Google Analytics?
In Google Analytics, a user is a visitor who has initiated a session on your website: the moment a person lands on any page of your site, they are identified as either a new or returning user. Google Analytics differentiates between new and returning users based on visitors’ browser cookies.
What are sessions in Google Analytics?
A session is a group of user interactions with your website that take place within a given time frame. For example a single session can contain multiple page views, events, social interactions, and ecommerce transactions. A single user can open multiple sessions.
How many websites use Google Analytics?
BuiltWith, a website that tracks what software is used on websites across the internet, knows of 29.3 million websites using Google Analytics, which comes out to 8.4 percent of the 348 million websites tracked in its database.
What are sessions and users in Google Analytics?
The Gist of What Users Vs. Sessions in Google Analytics Means: Users = “Unique visitors”, or a person who has come to your website. Sessions = “Visits”, or different times that person came to your site.
What are Adsense page views?
A page view is what Google counts in your reports every time a user views a page displaying Google ads. We will count one page view regardless of the number of ads displayed on that page. For example, if you have a page displaying three ad units and it is viewed twice, you will generate two page views.
What is the difference between users and new users in Google Analytics?
In Google Analytics, a user is a person who has visited your website. If the person has visited your website for the very first time they would be counted as a ‘new user ‘ and if a person has visited your website more than once, they would be counted as a ‘returning user’.
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Worth its weight in gold…
This tea is made from the unopened and pre-blossomed buds of the tea leaves. They get their description from the silky white hairs above their bodies. These white hairs signify young leaves. In order to retrieve such ‘budlings’ there is only a two day window in which they can be picked.
These leaves look like they belong in the green tea family; however, they are not processed the same way. White teas are air dried unlike green teas are picked, rolled, withered and then fired before further oxidation happens. The white teas are processed less in order to preserve the purity of the leaf. It takes approximately 3000 buds and hours of hand labor to make a pound of White Tea. Thus it is worth its weight in gold.
This rare tea was only given to royalty and was revered for its purity. The popularity of this white tea reached its peak during the era of the Chinese Emperor Hui Tsung (1101-1125 A. D.). Legend has it this Emperor loved this rare tea. In the pursuit of searching for the perfect cup, the perfect brew, the obsessed Emperor lost his empire to the invading Mongols.
Imagine that, dear readers, losing your empire over a cup of good tea. Though based on the aforementioned attempt of maintaining the purity of the leaf, it must be worth it. What do you think?
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.tea-guy.com/2011/11/02/chinese-tea-mythology-bai-hao-white-fur-silver-needle/
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I’m working with two older adults who have seemingly lost their short term memory and are unable to manage their calendars. They haven’t been diagnosed with anything more than mild cognitive impairment but since their kids aren’t local, I have been hired to help pay bills and manage the cash flow. What I keenly recognize is that they have the ability to make reasonable choices that align with former saving and spending philosophies, but they have just lost the ability to do simple tasks like manage or recall who they have paid and balance the checkbook.
As an adult child, knowing my parents could not manage simple tasks had me and my siblings petrified that they would become victims of fraud and scams. We intervened at different times on their behalf to turn back on the water, cancel a second predatory contract for some home repairs, and even close down extra accounts they just weren’t using any longer. However, now that I’m stepping in as a Daily Money Manager to help older adults manage their bill payments, cash flow, and general finances, I also recognize how valuable keeping them involved in the process is to their self-esteem.
While it’s much faster to just take something away and do it yourself, going through the mail, prioritizing and making bill payments together, allows the individual to retain the sense of independence that is lost when the checkbook gets “taken away.” By the time my mom turned over the checkbook to me, paying bills just caused her panic since she had lost her ability to understand the value of money and didn’t recognize that they could afford for the escalating costs of her care.
I hope if you are in the early stages of cognitive issues with a loved one that you can recognize that being able to make a decision and be involved is vital to the sense of meaning and purpose to the person you are helping. Keep it simple, and keep them involved as long as you can. Appreciated.
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IZA DP No. 13416: Are Older Workers Willing to Learn?
Adult education can mitigate the productivity decline in aging societies if older workers are willing to learn. We examine a generous partial retirement reform in Germany that led to a massive increase in early retirement. Using county-level administrative data on voluntary education activities, we employ a difference-in-differences approach for identification. The estimates show a strong increase in participation in adult education, specifically in cognitively demanding courses, for early retirees who would have continued working in the absence of the reform. This supports the notion of an intrinsic willingness of older individuals to acquire skills and abilities independent of financial incentives.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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#23: "Influence, not attention"
The Office Hours Interview: Amos Barshad
Amos Barshad is a writer whose work has been featured in the New York Times, The FADER, Vice and is an alum of ESPN’s dearly-departed Grantland. His first book, No One Man Should Have All That Power, was published in April and centers on a topic that’s relevant to all of us: Power.
The book focuses on the “Rasputin”, the term named for Grigori Rasputin, the Russian mystic and self-proclaimed holy man who befriended the family of Tsar Nicholas II, the last monarch of Russia, and gained considerable influence in the country’s late imperial period. The term is now applied to those with the ability to influence the most influential, to control those who are in power. This isn’t just a political thing, by the way. You can find Rasputin’s everywhere, as Barshad’s book points out. He profiles some notable examples in our modern society, from Scooter Braun (Justin Bieber’s current manager/Kanye’s ex-manager), Alex Guerrero (Tom Brady’s trainer), to Sam Nunberg (Pres. Trump’s former aide).
Let’s apply a business scenario to this cultural phenomenon: Every office you have or will work in has an invisible power structure and a Rasputin lurking within it. They control your ability to progress within the organization and if you have aim to grow within your org, it’s imperative that you figure out who that person is or work to become that person yourself. As much as some of these motivational speaker goofies tell you how much your success depends on your “hustle”, the reality is that those who have access to power live better lives than those who just work really hard.. That’s why old folks are always talking “your network determines your net worth”.
The game ain’t fair, learn the moves so you can stay ahead.
A question about power to start. One of my favorite lines from your book gives context to the idea of a Rasputin. “Wherever power dynamics exist—Congress to Hollywood to the break room at the Tommy’s Pretzel Hut—a Rasputin will rise.” A lot of the stories in this book are examples of the advantages of having power, but from the examples, I don’t think Rasputins practice hard power (by coercion or force) as much as they do soft power. A majority of the folks profiled in your book seem to profit from their ability to attract and co-opt an audience. How important are those skills to being a Rasputin?
I totally agree. In the intro to the book, I try to define what makes someone a "Rasputin." They have to operate from behind-the-scenes, their control must be controversial, etc. Still, though, the concept of a "Rasputin" is still one of those amorphous things -- ultimately, you just know one when you see one. When trying to identify one, then, I think it's helpful to remember that Rasputins always have power that is unconventional. It's oblique, slippery, just strange in some way or another.
So Rasputins are definitely soft-power people. That doesn't mean they are subtle, necessarily. But it does mean their influence doesn't come in a straight-lined, hierarchical, forceful way. Rasputins don't have to attract an audience, in the conventional sense of fawning masses. They have to attract an audience of a few well-positioned others. They're not the glad-handling politician, hitting the campaign trail, pumping hands. They are the senior advisor with an uncomfortably grand sway over that glad-handling politician's decision-making process. There's always something just not quite right about a Rasputin's power.
In your opinion, is being a Rasputin an ego-driven thing? I could see it as the ultimate power play for introverts, honestly. You get a front-row seat to the show but you don’t have to be in the show.
Ultimate power play for introverts -- yes! I love that.
I have gotten the question: if these Rasputins are so devious and calculating, why don't they just strategize their way into power for themselves? In my opinion, to be a Rasputin, you have to lack something that would let you gain the spotlight. The pop producer can't sing or dance. The editor can't write themselves. The senior advisor doesn't have the charm or the looks to be a political candidate themselves. But I definitely agree that there's something about these Rasputins that makes them inherently uninterested in personal attention. (And, in fact, the more personal attention they get, the worse they are at Rasputinin'g anyone. Take a look at Steve Bannon: he went full extrovert, and it doomed him.) They want influence, not attention.
What’s the line between being a Rasputin and just being really pushy? I think there’s an assumption that Rasputins have this grandiose need for power, when a lot of times it just feels like they just want things their way and aren’t willing to take no for an answer.
Being pushy, and never accepting an answer you don't want to hear, is definitely a huge part of being a Rasputin. But that's probably true for anyone who successfully pulls off anything. A Rasputin has a lot of tools in the toolbox, and pushiness is just one of them. Ultimately I think it's about efficacy. We've all encountered pushy people: bullying, hectoring bosses, friend, family-members. But are those people actually convincing us of anything? Or can we tune them out? A Rasputin is a more nuanced, clever individual. They know when to push, when to pull-back, when to comfort, when to praise, when to yell, when to whisper.
The interview with Aleksandr Dugin — the man dubbed as Vladmir Putin’s Rasputin (a title that’s as fun to say as it is to read) — was equal parts chilling and impressive. Chilling because I know buddy probably has more power than everyone else in the book — and that he most certainly isn’t a fan of folks who look like I do, which is troubling — but the wildest part is how open and honest he is about what he’s doing. How much of being a Rasputin is just having straight-up chutzpah?
I was really glad that I was able to include Dugin in the book because I think he's a good example of a Rasputin who's happy to brag about his Rasputininsm -- which, in turn, makes him a less effective Rasputin! Chutzpah is definitely important: at the very least, that chutzpah helps these Rasputins get over the immorality of their line of work. But you don't want to be too showy, too boastful, too proud. If you really aspire to be a good, true Rasputin, you have to stay in the shadows.
Share one random fact you think Office Hours readers might not know
The real Rasputin, the one that birthed this archetype of this arch-manipulator, was a strange, lecherous man. But he was also a well-known defender of groups of oppressed people, including the Jews. This was the early 20th century and this was the Russian Empire, where antisemitism was rampant. It certainly wasn't an easy task to preach equality.
Where can readers find your work?
I'm living in London these days but still writing for mostly American publications. I put mostly everything on my website. My most recent pieces were for Vulture, Jacobin, Jewish Currents, VICE, and the New York Times, for which I wrote about my own sweet manipulative Rasputin-like grandma. Please don't tell my grandma.
YOUR HOMEWORK THIS WEEK:
System asked 40 high-ranking editors of some of the biggest magazines one question, "“What can print do that digital cannot? The responses are worth digesting over a commute.
If you missed this week’s Office Hours podcast…
“This week’s episode is a case study on the business of hot dogs in Chicago, a city that has strong opinions about encased meats. From the distribution strategy to the raw economics of opening a hot dog stand in town, we're joined by food writer/Hot Dog University graduate (yes, that's a thing) John Carruthers from Revolution Brewing to talk about the larger culture around hot dogs and street food in general.”
Get that here. Also subscribe anywhere you listen to podcasts. Give us 5 stars if you like it, if you want to give us less than 5, go ahead and keep that shit to yourself!
OFFICE HOURS IRL
If you didn’t know already, Office Hours was a party before it was a newsletter. The first IRL hang was in Atlanta in April. The next one will be a home game, here in Chicago. Stay tuned for more information.
Remember what I told you about the Secretly Group? One of the labels, Secretly Canadian just dropped one of the most interesting albums you’ll hear this year, Faye Webster’s “Atlanta Millionaires Club”. A quality addition to the Yeehaw Agenda, a mix of alt-country and R&B that feels like day-drinking on the patio at Lady Bird.
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Free Cancellation Up to 48 hours in advance
Duration: 1 hour
|Mobile voucher accepted|
• Museo del Novecento Entrance ticket (no guided tour - only entrance ticket) • Free time to visit the Museum on your own • Helpline with local staff
Visit Museo Stefano Bardini with its 3600 artworks.
Opened on 24 June 2014, the Novecento Museum is dedicated to the art of the twentieth century and proposes a selection of works from the civic collections, which illustrate the Italian art of the first half of the twentieth century.
The space of Italian 20th-century art offers a selection of about 300 works distributed in 15 exhibition spaces, as well as a study room, a drawing and print cabinet and a room for conferences and projections. the exhibition venue is the ancient Spedale delle Leopoldine in Piazza Santa Maria Novella.
The majority of exhibitions in this museum are by Italian artists. The biggest section in this museum is devoted to the Italian Futurists, with works by Giacomo Balla, Umberto Boccioni, Carlo Carrà, Fortunato Depero, Luigi Russolo, Gino Severini, Mario Sironi and Ardengo Soffici.
This museum also houses works by the greatest artists including Braque, Léger, Kandinsky, Klee, Matisse, Mondrian and Picasso, Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo's large canvas Il Quarto Stato (1902) is exhibited in a single room on its own.
Other rooms and sections of the museum are dedicated to individual artists such as Giorgio de Chirico, Lucio Fontana, and Morandi. In this museum, you will also find sections that are dedicated to art movements of the 20th century, including Abstractionism, Arte Povera, the Novecento Italiano, Post-Impressionism and Realism, and to genres such as landscape and monumental art.
In 2015 the museum was enriched by a large donation from Bianca and Mario Bertolini, who donated their private collection of contemporary artworks by artists such as Daniel Buren, Joseph Kosuth, Roy Lichtenstein, Robert Rauschenberg, Frank Stella and Andy Warhol.
Alberto Della Ragione collection, donated to the city of Florence in the aftermath of the 1966 flood, embellished with works by Giorgio De Chirico, Filippo De Pisis, Gino Severini, Giorgio Morandi, Mario Mafai, Renato Guttuso, Felice Casorati and other.
The itinerary is completed with the legacy Ottone Rosai, received by the Municipality of Florence in 1963 at the behest of the widow Francesca Fei and her brother Oreste.
• Please be aware that €3,00 per pax have been added to the Entrance ticket price as management, booking and assistance rights. • Please note that Children 0-18 are free of charge, and will only pay reservation fee only with a valid ID and accompanied by an adult. No refund will be given if you do not accomplish the requirements. • Please note that Students 18-25 have a reduced fee, only with a valid ID. No refund will be given if you do not accomplish the requirements. • Please make sure to check your inbox, tickets will be send via email, they’ll contain a barcode to show directly at the entrance. • Please note that the ticket has no time or date, they can be used until 6 month from the issuing. • Please check opening time and availability of museum.
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Mailing is not only an ideal way to establish a relationship with your contacts or customers as part of your marketing strategy, but also to build a relationship with your contacts and create awareness of your brand or what you're up to. It's a form of consensual, expected and direct communication where you can also give your contacts a choice of how often or with what content they want to receive your emails.
Everything you need to know about mass mailing can be found in this article.
- getting started, collecting new contacts, creating an email campaign
1. Background from a lawyer
Lawyer Petra Stupková from Legitas.cz summarizes the most important things for you:
What content is considered a commercial communication?
A commercial communication is any form of communication, including advertising and encouragement to visit websites, intended to directly or indirectly promote the goods or services or the image of the business of the person who is an entrepreneur.
A business message includes a corporate Christmas card or various holidays, as you are promoting your image by sending them. Messages that contain birthday wishes or messages that pretend to be sent from "friends" while containing links to e-shop pages, banners or containing company introductions are also business messages.
We can also include here messages containing various user reviews or purchase ratings (or requests for reviews or ratings). The reason for this is that these messages are also aimed at directly or indirectly promoting the image of the business.
Warning! However, a commercial message is also a message by which you ask a person to agree to send you commercial communication, because you are already promoting services and goods, and as such it is aimed at promoting your business.
The rules for the form of commercial communication and its dissemination are set in accordance with Data Protection Law Enforcement Directive. Please, keep in mind that each country might have a different set of laws. However, the overall rules are the same and our goal is to make sure you can use email marketing within them.
Which messages are not considered commercial communications?
Messages promoting e.g. charitable activities, foundation activities or political parties are not considered commercial communications. Generally speaking, these are messages that do not promote the activities of businesses. Foundations, political parties and other similar entities are not considered to be businesses.
However, if these messages also promote business activities, whether they are ancillary activities or promote another entity that is a business, such a message would already be a business message. The rules described in this article would then apply to them as well. However, if the purpose of these messages is merely to inform about their non-business activities or to inform their members, they are not commercial communications.
Another exception are messages of a technical nature which announce e.g. a new version of the terms and conditions, a stoppage of services or a change in opening hours. If you send these messages to your customers, including those who have opted out of receiving commercial communications, they are not commercial communications.
However, if you send them to persons who are not customers and who have not consented to receive commercial communications, the message would be considered a commercial communication used to indirectly promote the goods, services and image of the business. Even for these messages, you would then have to comply with the requirements set out later in this article.
Who can you send a mass e-mailing/business message/promo to?
In order to send business communications to contacts, you must meet one of two options:
Prior consent (opt-in mode): contacts must consent to the processing of their email for the purpose of sending the newsletter before you can reach them with the mailing (see "Collecting new contacts" below).
In practice, this will most often involve various newsletter sign-up forms. In these cases, pre-ticked consent boxes cannot be used. As a reminder, consent must have the attributes according to GDPR and setting up a subsequent verification of the email address by the recipient (double opt-in) is considered necessary (more on this in the "Collecting new contacts" section of this article).
Legitimate interest in the promotion of similar products, services (opt-out mode): you can also send commercial communications if the addressees are your active customers. These are customers who have not previously opted out. We recommend that you give the opt out option of the newsletter by using the checkbox in the last step of the order with the text "I do not wish to receive the newsletter". In addition, commercial communications to this category of contacts must only relate to goods or services that are similar to what the customer has purchased from you.
If you already offer a wide range of goods and services, the customer can expect to receive offers for the entire range and no consent is required. However, if you were to expand your range to include other completely different products or services that you would like to promote, you would need to obtain consent from your recipients to receive commercial communications.
It doesn't matter if you are addressing consumers or business contacts. Both natural persons and legal entities enjoy protection under the law. In addition, even a company email can be personal data if it is information that leads you to a specific person.
The subscriber (whether they are your customers or have subscribed) must be informed of the marketing communication, including how long you consider them to be active and therefore you will process their data for the purpose of the marketing communication.
Who you can't reach with a mass email/business communication
You are not allowed to send to contacts from publicly available or purchased databases. The actual buying and selling of contacts is not regulated by law, therefore is possible. However, problems may arise when implementing the purpose (e.g. bulk mailing) for which the contacts were obtained, i.e. when using them for commercial purposes.
Similarly, it is not possible to approach contacts for whom you are unable to prove prior consent to send commercial communications or to provide evidence of a prior order, and therefore to meet the legitimate interest or prior consent conditions described above.
In addition, you may not contact persons who are only potential customers or who have only participated in your contests without consent. In these cases, they need to give their consent to receive commercial communications.
Warning, it is also not possible to use contact details that are freely available online!
In a nutshell - any contact databases that are obtained for a primary purpose other than to send commercial communications directly by you cannot be used for mailing.
If you do decide to send bulk mailing to contacts to whom it is not allowed by law, a) by importing contacts of such nature into the application you are already violating the Terms and Conditions of Ecomail and you risk blocking your account -> and with it the impossibility to send further campaigns or otherwise use our application, and at the same time you are no longer entitled to a refund of the already paid funds. In the event of a report, you also risk further investigation and heavy fines.
How to handle the contacts in the database?
You have put together contacts to whom you can send commercial communications on the basis of legitimate interest or consent. What now?
First of all, you need to fine-tune your data processing policy. The policy should specify the retention period of the personal data and, if applicable, information on the review of the stored data. They should also set out the scope of the processing (e.g. customer name, surname, email and phone number), the purpose of the processing (e.g. marketing, order processing), the reason for the processing (legitimate interest or consent, see above) and the specific processors (i.e. those who can access the data from the database - for example Ecomail).
As for the duration of the processing of personal data, according to the GDPR it must not be longer than necessary.
Example: you sell toys on your e-shop and plan to send newsletters for 10 years. In this case, this would be an unreasonable period of data storage, not only from a legal point of view, but also from the point of view of the relevance of the commercial communication to the recipients. For example, the database will only be up-to-date if you only send commercial communications to customers who have made a purchase from you in the last two years.
What must the commercial message contain?
The commercial message must be clearly and distinctly labelled. This can be done, for example, by stating "CM, newsletter, news, events, discount" or a similar title in the subject line or before the sender's address. Mere labelling in the content of the message is not sufficient.
A commercial communication must contain an indication of the person to whom it is sent. It is necessary to clearly identify the entrepreneur, the full business name or name with additions, the registration number and registered office, the registration in the commercial register (or trade register), or the person representing the legal entity. For example, a simple link that redirects the addressee to your website cannot be considered sufficient identification. It is not possible to hide or conceal the identity of the sender.
A simple way to refuse to receive commercial communications. This obligation can be fulfilled by including an unsubscribe link in the email.
It must be included in the commercial communication so that the recipient can directly use the click-through link. If the commercial communication does not contain a valid unsubscribe link, it is an offence for which a heavy fine is possible.
From the moment you learn of the opt-out, you may not send further commercial communications. It is essential that you keep a contact list in which you record the contact details of persons who have refused to receive commercial communications and exclude these persons from any further mailings.
You can also be fined for sending commercial communications that are not clearly and conspicuously marked as commercial communications, conceal the identity of the sender, or do not contain a link to terminate the communication.
2. The most important links
To begin with
Before importing contacts, we recommend reading the Ecomail Code of Use. For efficient and simple contact management, we recommend working with a single contact list in the application. And don't forget that you need to verify the sending domain before the first distribution for good deliverability.
Collecting new contacts
If you use Ecomail forms to collect new recipients, you also have:
in the contact list settings (registration settings section) you have the option to activate double opt-in, which allows you to verify registered email addresses by means of a confirmation email (i.e. everyone who enters their email address must still confirm it in the email that arrives in their inbox immediately after registering in the form); this automatically eliminates spam traps (fake email addresses) from the database
Creating an email campaign
If you need advice on how to make email campaigns, we share with you our tips for creating campaigns and newsletters, as well as anti-spam recommendations to help you avoid spam filters from mail clients.
You can also add information in the email (typically in the footer) about how you obtained the recipient's email address, or the reason and frequency of your outreach.
3. Ecomail is here to help
The app should also help you in managing your contacts. Ecomail automatically sorts contacts (according to their behaviour in the campaign) into:
active contacts: all contacts that you can reach by mailing (this is why the monthly plan is based on the number of contacts)
inactive contacts: contacts that will no longer receive any mailing from the application (unsubscribes, bounced contacts, unconfirmed or spam complaints)
A contact profile is also available in Ecomail. By clicking on the email address of the selected contact, you can see all the information that is stored in the application for that contact. This includes information about the source (i.e. how the contact was acquired) and when the contact was registered (or unsubscribed).
4. How to process the data
How should you proceed to ensure that the data for your contacts in the database is not out of date or held illegally, and how long can you process the contacts?
The processing time for each contact depends on the segment of goods you sell. You may keep a contact who has bought a car from you active in your database for a different period of time, as you expect them to make a repeat purchase after a longer period of time.
For a shorter period of time, however, you should process the data of contacts who have purchased, for example, a t-shirt from you. This is because for fast moving goods you assume that they may repurchase from you much sooner.
In this case, the longest processing time for a contact should be between 2 and 4 years, not more. You calculate this time lag for holding a contact in your active database from the last time they opened your email. You should be able to keep an eye on the length of time you "keep" contacts in your active database, and comply with your own Data Processing Policy. Ecomail can help you with this. So how to do it?
1) Work with segments
If you have not updated the database for a long time, and the time for which you have the right to keep contacts in the database has already passed - create a segment of so-called dead souls, which you will try to reactivate with the last campaign (e.g. with an extraordinary discount). If even then the contacts do not show any relevant activity (clicks, opens, purchases) ➡️ unsubscribe them.
2) Set up reactivation automations
You can mimic the steps described in step 1 here, with the only difference that the whole process will be automated. You will set up the reactivation automation, some contacts will be reactivated thanks to the automation and those who fail - will be automatically unsubscribed from the emails.
If you have any further questions, you can contact us at email@example.com
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The sample essay on Nadra Verisys deals with a framework of research-based facts, approaches, and arguments concerning this theme. To see the essay’s introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion, read on.
NICOP (National Identity Card for Overseas Pakistanis) is a registration document to be issued to a valid/legitimate citizen of Pakistan.
Previously it was issued to overseas Pakistanis working/living/staying/studying abroad for consecutive time period of six months or possessing dual nationalities but now it can be issued to any citizen of Pakistan.
• Data Acquisition at Data Acquisition Unit (DAU) o Issuance of Token o Photo Capturing o Thumb and Signatures o Data Acquisition by DEO o Form Printing o Attestation & Form Submission
• Data uploading to NADRA Data Warehouse Verification and Clearance from NADRA Data Warehouse
• Printing at Production
• Delivery of NICOP to NSRC or Address The POC program endeavors to provide eligible foreigners with unprecedented incentives to get back to their roots, while ensuring that the motherland remains tightly integrated with expatriates worldwide which includes
• Visa-free entry into Pakistan.
• Indefinite stay in Pakistan.
• Exemption from foreigner registration requirements.
• Permission to purchase and sell property.
• Right to open and operate bank accounts. Data Acquisition at Data Acquisition Unit (DAU)
• Issuance of Token
• Photo Capturing
• Thumb and Signatures
• Data Acquisition by DEO
• Verification from NADRA Data Warehouse
• Printing at Production
• Delivery of POC CNIC (Computerized National Identity Card) is the core product of NADRA issued to a valid/legitimate citizen of Pakistan. It is a blend of state-of-the-art technology and well-defined business rules to guarantee its authenticity and validity.
Every genuine, 18 Years and above, citizen of Pakistan is eligible for CNIC.
CRC Child Registration Certificates is a registration document used to register minors under the age of 18 years. FRC Family Registration Certificates are documents issued to nationals of Pakistan highlighting the family tree structure of the applicant. Multi – Biometric ID Card NADRA has developed a comprehensive system with Interactive Data Acquisition & Web methodologies; acquiring, transferring, processing, archiving data & producing ISO compliant secure identification documents. This system generates unique citizen identification numbers for entire population.
The Registration system integrates biometric technologies such as Automated Finger Identification Systems (AFIS) and Facial Recognition Systems and is capable of providing identity verification to all integral Government departments. The system can meet any standards required by the customer, including ISO 7810 and ICAO 9303 compliant ID cards. NADRA provides integration services for all types of ID technologies as per the clients’ requirement including Smart Card, RFID cards, Java cards and microprocessor based cards. The end-to-end registration system ensures authenticity of individual & documents through visual as well as electronic means.
NADRA provides the following services to its clients:
• Evaluate possible technologies and solutions for the project .
• Develop a new Identification numbering scheme .
• Define technical standards based on requirements and evaluation
• Define system security standards .
• Undertake a system analysis and design study of the manual process, to identify gaps in the system
• Perform Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) of the existing procedures
• Develop data acquisition methodologies and identify data fields required to be captured
• Identify required technologies pertaining to: o Data Acquisition Data Communication o Data Processing o Secure Document Production & Document Delivery components
• Design Data Backup and Disaster Recovery (DR) plan for the project
• Develop requirements for integration with other government bodies
• Identify Hardware & Software to implement a state-of-the-art system Interactive Registration: NADRA has the ability to provide its clients with Multi-biometric Interactive Registration Centers that can be designed as a one widow solution that makes good use of latest data enrollment technology to gather data directly from the applicants thereby eliminating erroneous data processing.
The interactive data capturing not only uses customized software for on-the-spot data entry, but also employs software that captures an individual’s photograph as per ICAO standards and biometric technology to capture fingerprints. The data gathered at the acquisition centers is sent directly to the Data Warehouse for processing and finally to printing of secured documents. NADRA has successfully implemented the Multi-Biometric National Identity Card System based on Teslin® for Pakistan.
Till date over 96 million citizens have been registered and over 68 million ID cards produced. National Data Warehouse: NADRA has established the National Data Warehouse to cater the influx of huge data. This central repository stores demographic and geographic data of the citizen and processes applicant’s records for the issuance of multiple secure documents after exhaustive verification through automated biometric facial and fingerprint recognition and verification systems.
All the applications running in data warehouse are designed and developed in-house, which caters for all needs of automated processing, personalization and verification with minimum human intervention. Some of the data warehouse applications are:
• Phonetics – probably the fastest search engine which searches on the basis of names
• Family Identification – provide vertical and horizontal family linkages
• Verisys – web based verification system Registration Tracking – tracks applicant’s application through-out the life cycle of processing
• Disaster recovery and replication module Verisys The requirement of identification document for evidentiary purposes is incomplete without proper verification mechanism. Having developed the Multi-Biometric National Identity Card for Pakistan backed up by the large centralized national database in the world, NADRA has introduced an easy- to-use access tool for verification of citizens in the country named as Verisys.
To verify the issued CNIC and avoid any fraudulent activities NADRA launched Verisys, which is an authentication process to provide online verifications of Pakistani citizens to the government, private and corporate sectors for bringing in transparency, validation, elimination of fraud & forgery. This is a web-based real-time activity displaying the front and rear image of the CNIC with added hidden information for verifications. Using NADRA`s strong network infrastructure, a reliable and efficient mode of connectivity is provided to clients even in the remotest areas of Pakistan.
Automated Border Control To cater for the need for robust identification and verification systems, NADRA has developed Automated Border Control (ABC) system which serves as a tool for law-enforcement agencies in eradicating illegal immigration and human trafficking. The Automated Border Control System is fully automated immigration control system linked with the central Passport server. It authenticates e-Passport, identity and other travel documents by performing on spot Facial Recognition and Fingerprint Identification with utmost reliability and efficiency.
It also keeps the record of automated data verification, passenger travel history, flight information, destination, port-of-origin, nationality, verification log and officer’s comments. The Automated Border Control is fully equipped to cater for the following functions:
• Optical reading and identification of travel documents
• Identification of passenger through AFIS and Facial 1:1 match
• Validation of PKI by reading MRZ and 2D Barcode PDF 417
• Identification of passenger data and UV images
• Matching with Blacklist and Exit Control List (ECL)
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JetBlue’s second annual “Soar with Reading” program has reached its successful conclusion in Detroit.
The airline JetBlue announced on Monday that next summer the program will expand next summer to include Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
Fort Lauderdale was named the program’s next destination after winning the #BookBattle online voting competition, which ended last month.
The book vending machine program aims to distribute free books to children living in areas known as “book deserts.” The vending machines also help combat the “summer slide,” a term Susan B. Neuman, professor of literacy development and early childhood at New York University, describes as occurring when children do not have reading resources readily available during their summer break.
Five book vending machines were placed at locations throughout Detroit this summer, including at Matrix Human Services, where 9-year-old Paige Godbott and her friends visited to get books for their book club.
“It’s cool to come to a vending machine with books, instead of snacks,” Paige said.
The program started with three vending machines in DC last summer. They were followed by five vending machines installed in the Detroit area this summer. The machines were placed in areas which JetBlue described as “book deserts”. These areas have a low density of books to children.
Locals disputed that description of Anacostia last summer, but nitpicking details aside these machines can only do good.
Last summer, for example, Soar with Reading distributed almost a hundred thousand books via vending machines and through community partners in DC.
Credit: The Digital Reader
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U.S. Senator Chris Murphy (D-Conn.), a member of the U.S. Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee, attended the bill signing ceremony at the White House on Tuesday where President Obama signed his bipartisan Mental Health Reform Act as part of the 21st Century CURES Act into law.
According to Murphy's office, the bill will comprehensively overhaul America’s mental health system, expand federal resources, and improve coordination for mental health and substance abuse treatment programs across the nation.
The bill, which Murphy authored with U.S. Senator Bill Cassidy (R-La.), passed the Senate 94-5 last week.
“Today marks a breakthrough for people with mental illness and their families,” said Murphy. “It was an honor to stand behind President Obama at his final bill signing ceremony and watch him enact the most significant reforms of our mental health system in decades.
“Mental illness and addiction do not discriminate, so our health care system shouldn’t either. It should be as easy to access a doctor or get prescriptions for an illness of the mind as it is for an illness of the body. It’s that simple principle that motivated all the work I put into this bill.
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-BLOOD PROBLEM PAGE-
1. Choose one of the problems described below.
2. Prepare your solution as a word document.
3. Send it to your professor as an e-mail attachment. You will receive an e-mail response.
Problem #1:A child is rushed to an emergency room due to difficulty breathing and extreme weakness
brought about by strenuous exercise. The parents indicate that the child has sickle-cell
anemia, oxygen is administered and the crisis passes. Utilize the Internet or other
sources to answer the following questions:
1. What is anemia?
2. In this condition, what happens to red blood cells to make them assume a sickle
3. Why does "sickling" cause anemia?
4. What tissue of the body is producing abnormal cells?
5. What molecule within the cells is altered from its normal shape, causing the cells
6. What is the specific molecular alteration that is the basis for this condition?
7. How is this condition inherited? What is the difference between sickle cell disease
and sickle cell trait.
Problem #2: A 68-year old manenters an emergency room complaining of chest pain. He is admitted
to the hospital and monitored over the next several days undergoing tests including
blood tests. Utilize the Internet or other sources to answer the following questions:
1. What enzymes in the blood are measured when an individual is suspected of having
had a heart attack (myocardial infarction, MI)?
2. Are these enzymes also found in the blood of healthy people? If so, at what concentrations
3. How do these enzyme concentrations change during and after a heart attack? Give
at least one example of how the values change.
4. Why do these enzyme levels change? How long will it take for them to return to
5. What other human disease conditions can cause similar blood enzyme levels changes
and must be distinguished from those caused by a heart attack?
6. What is an isozyme and how is it relevant to this situation?
E-mail your Professor at first name.last firstname.lastname@example.org
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The Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame and Port Jefferson High School have partnered on an educational program to teach students about local sports history and provide them with unique experiences in the classroom, on research-based projects and at Hall of Fame events.
This is the first program of its kind in the 32-year history of the Hall of Fame, which serves to honor people and places of historic significance in Suffolk County.
Port Jefferson High School will be offering a sports history class in its curriculum for the first time in the fall of 2022 and the Hall of Fame will help develop lessons, line up guest speakers and work directly with faculty on content creation opportunities related to history, research and media.
Uniquely the partnership was developed through the Vaccaro brothers. Chris is the President of the Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame and Bryan is a social studies teacher and multi-sport coach at Port Jefferson High School. Bryan developed the sports history class which was approved by the board of education and administration.
Key aspects of the educational partnership
- Curriculum and lessons: The Hall will work with the social studies department on creating lessons and curriculum related to local sports history
- Guest speakers: Inductees of the Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame will visit the class in person or via Zoom throughout the school year
- Induction attendees: Select students will have the opportunity to attend the Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame induction in June and help provide social media support, increasing their media and sports business skills and understanding
- Historic research projects: The class will research local places of sporting significance and make recommendations to the Hall on where to place future historic markers
- Inductee research projects: They will also research notable sports people and make recommendations to the Hall voting committee on possible future inductees
- Sports content creation: Student work and research will be featured on the Hall’s online and social media pages with faculty approval
“This is another monumental step in the history and purpose of the Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame,” said Chris R. Vaccaro, President of the Hall. “We’re an organization based around history and what good is our history if we can’t educate others? To partner with a local school district with an outstanding academic track record is a major win as the Hall continues to evolve its purpose and place on Long Island. This will be a very rewarding experience for the students. To develop this program with my brother, a deeply passionate educator and coach, is also very meaningful for me.”
“There is no greater unifying force in society than sports and having the ability to merge both my passions, history and sports, will allow a wide range of students to learn how sports can transcend society,” said Bryan Vaccaro, Port Jefferson social studies teacher and multi-sport coach. “I appreciate the support of the Port Jefferson School District for believing in my vision of this course and couldn’t be happier to be able to work alongside my brother. Having a plethora of resources at our disposal from the Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame, we will provide as much captivating and relevant content as possible for these students.”
About the Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame: The Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame is a non-profit established in 1990 to honor outstanding people who have made substantial contributions in the fields of professional and amateur sports on behalf of themselves and Suffolk County. There are 369 inductees in the Hall. The Hall of Fame has exhibits at Fairfield Properties Ballpark (home of the Long Island Ducks), Town of Huntington Townhall, the Section XI offices in Farmingville, Long Island Sports and Rehabilitation in Holbrook and Long Island MacArthur Airport. In 2019 the Hall began placing historic markers at locations of historic sporting significance across the county, including the home of the Long Island Ducks, Bridgehampton High School where Carl Yastrzemski played and Riverhead where Satchel Paige once pitched. Learn more at SuffolkSportsHOF.com.
About Port Jefferson School District: Port Jefferson School District is located just 60 miles east of New York City in the prestigious north shore of Long Island, in the incorporated village of Port Jefferson. The history, character and strong sense of community play an important role in the education of the students.
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The cost of car insurance, like pretty much everything else, has gone up significantly in the last couple years, and especially so in Florida. One report indicated that the average premium in Florida in 2021 was slightly more than $2400 for the year, which was almost 60 percent higher than the national average.
There are some factors that go into why Florida insurance costs are so high, including the number of drivers on the road and the rate of accidents in the state. While insurance will be inherently more expensive in Florida than most other states, there are still some things drivers can do to reduce the amount they can expect to pay.
Here are a few tips for keeping premiums low while still maintaining good coverage.
- Drive safely: A clean accident record and no traffic citations makes for cheaper insurance.
- Take advantage of discounts: If you bundle insurance through the same company, you’ll be able to get cheaper rates.
- Boost your credit: Drivers with better credit ratings have access to better premiums. Make timely payments and keep long-established credit accounts on the record.
- Choose the right vehicle: Vehicles that are safe and low-profile are cheaper to insure than flashy sports cars or cars without safety features.
- Review coverages: Go line by line through your existing coverages and see if you truly need everything you’re currently paying for.
- Find other discounts: You might be missing out on some discounts for which you qualify, such as student discounts, veteran discounts or various other common discounts.
- Shop around: Don’t feel tied down to one provider. Shop around and find where you can get the best rates, whether or not you bundle.
For more information about how you can keep your insurance premiums as low as possible, contact a trusted Bradenton, FL personal injury attorney at Goldman, Babboni, Fernandez & Walsh.
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A Trump supporter and a Biden supporter argue prior to the vice presidential debate between Vice President Mike Pence and his Democratic rival, California Sen. Kamala Harris, at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City on Wednesday, Oct. 7, 2020. | Laura Seitz, Deseret News
A look back at this historic year across the Beehive State
SALT LAKE CITY — As 2020 draws to a close, I am breathing a sigh of relief.
Two words: Healthy. Safe.
Some folks might look back at the year 2020 and remember it as an awful year of death, divisiveness and destruction.
I’m looking back on 2020 with relief that our photographers finished the year both healthy and safe.
Safe from injuries during the summer protests. And they remained healthy and free of COVID-19 this year, which has sadly taken the lives of so many Utahns.
These talented Deseret News photojournalists have been on the front lines of these traumatic news events as they unfolded in our community every day this year. Their job is out there in the community. Unlike myself as their photo editor, there’s really no such thing as working from home for them.
At one point, during the summer protests, we worried to the point that we outfitted our team with helmets to protect them from flying rocks and bottles.
Usually it’s new cameras and lenses they’re happy to get. But this year it was the extra disinfectant wipes, hand sanitizer and boxes of face masks made them smile.
And when there wasn’t a worry about their safety covering coronavirus and protests, we had to navigate through Mother Nature’s fury of a windstorm and an earthquake.
Enjoy the Deseret News’ 2020 photos of the year.
Steve Griffin, Deseret News An F-35A Lightning II from Hill Air Force Base’s 388th and 419th fighter wings climbs into the sky during a combat power exercise at the base near Ogden on Monday, Jan. 6, 2020. During the exercise, 52 F-35A Lightning IIs launched within a condensed period of time.
Scott G Winterton, Deseret News Councilman James Rogers, left, takes a selfie with Erin Mendenhall prior to her being sworn in as Salt Lake City mayor during a ceremony on the east steps of the City-County Building on Monday, Jan. 6, 2020.
Jeffrey D. Allred, Deseret News Ice Castles founder Brent Christensen, right, and manger Al Larsen discuss design ideas as they walk through their creation in Midway on Tuesday, Jan. 7, 2020.
Kristin Murphy, Deseret News Issac Avila tries on a coat, donated by Mountain America Credit Union and Operation Warm, at Newman Elementary School in Salt Lake City on Friday, Jan. 10, 2020.
Spenser Heaps, Deseret News Caprice Cortez, Faith Goodsell, Autumn Barton and Mykaylla Darrow, all 17 years old and teammates on the Grantsville High School girls soccer team that Alexis Haynie played on, stand together at a candlelight vigil for the Haynie family at Grantsville City Park on Monday, Jan. 20, 2020. Police say four members of the Haynie family were killed and one injured after being shot by a teenage family member on Jan. 17.
Jeffrey D. Allred, Deseret News Colin Haynie clasps his hands in Grantsville on Thursday, Jan. 23, 2020, as he talks about about the loss of his wife and three of his children. Police say his 16-year-old son opened fire on his family last week.
Steve Griffin, Deseret News People fill the Capitol Board Room as they listen to Rabbi Samuel Spector, from congregation Kol Ami, during a Ending Child Homelessness Day event hosted by the Coalition of Religious Communities in Salt Lake City on Thursday, Jan. 30, 2020.
Steve Griffin, Deseret News Nicole Maynes, a certified nursing assistant for Visiting Angels, left, hugs Janet Janis, a client of the in-home senior care company, in Janis’ Salt Lake City home on Wednesday, Feb. 12, 2020. Larry Meigs, CEO of Visiting Angels, says the in-home senior care company is taking time to deliver hugs to their clients the week of Valentine’s Day because studies show a heartfelt hug is a great stress buster, it can help lower blood pressure and even mitigate cold symptoms.
Jeffrey D. Allred, Deseret News The sunsets on the Durban South Africa Temple in Umhlanga, South Africa, on Feb. 13, 2020.
Steve Griffin, Deseret News Daniel Cannon, right, and other members of the Herriman High School boys cross-country and track teams greet female classmates with a Valentine’s Day rose as they arrive at school on Friday, Feb. 14, 2020. The boys decided they didn’t want anyone feeling left out on Valentine’s Day, so they went to work and raised enough money to buy roses for every girl at the school. The fundraising was so successful the Herriman students had enough roses to share with neighboring Riverton High School, where the flowers were also handed out to female students.
Steve Griffin, Deseret News The sunset and Capitol are reflected in the windows of a home on A Street near 7th Avenue in Salt Lake City on Tuesday, Feb. 18, 2020.
Laura Seitz, Deseret News Isabella Chavez, a second grader at Odyssey Elementary School, makes a face in the mirror while trying on eyeglass frames at the Friends for Sight SightFest event at the Ogden School District Administrative Office on Friday, Feb. 21, 2020, where 188 students from the Ogden and Weber school districts received free eye exams and glasses. Qualified students failed the nurse’s vision screening at school and had no other means of receiving an eye exam.
Steve Griffin, Deseret News The Most Rev. Oscar Solis, bishop of the Catholic Diocese of Salt Lake City, speaks to students during The Skaggs Catholic Center’s celebration of Ash Wednesday with an all-school Mass at Juan Diego Catholic High School in Draper on Wednesday, Feb. 26, 2020. The Mass was attended by Juan Diego students and students from St. John the Baptist middle and elementary schools.
Steve Griffin, Deseret News Democratic presidential candidate Bernie Sanders smiles as he speaks to his supporters during a rally at the Utah State Fairpark in Salt Lake City. in Salt Lake City on Monday, March 2, 2020. Thousands turned out to see the party front-runner a day before Super Tuesday voting in Utah and 13 other states.
Scott G Winterton, Deseret News Addison Hicken, with the help of two of his kids Evan and Laynie, begin to put up their American flag on their farm in Heber on Wednesday, March 11, 2020. Jenn Hicken watches with their youngest son, Ren, and two nephews, Parker and Weston Walton.
Jeffrey D. Allred, Deseret News Sen. Daniel McCay, R-Riverton, right, clowns around with Rep. Marc Roberts, R-Bluffdale, at the Capitol in Salt Lake City during the last night of the 2020 legislative session on Thursday, March 12, 2020.
Jeffrey D. Allred, Deseret News Candy Whisler hugs her scared dog Athena and grandson Paris Whisler after a 5.7 magnitude earthquake centered in Magna hit on Wednesday, March 18, 2020.
Spenser Heaps, Deseret News A firefighter arrives on scene where debris fell off a building at 400 South and 500 West in Salt Lake City after a 5.7 magnitude earthquake centered in Magna hit early on Wednesday, March 18, 2020.
Kristin Murphy, Deseret News Adam Hiscock, Utah Geological Survey hazards geologist, looks at a crack as he assesses earthquake effects at the Great Salt Lake Marina on Thursday, March 19, 2020.
Spenser Heaps, Deseret News Jim Hicks, right, tosses a ham to another volunteer as the Salt Lake City Mission provides curbside pickup for its annual Easter Food Box Giveaway in Salt Lake City on Wednesday, April 8, 2020.
Kristin Murphy, Deseret News Vehicles snake around the parking lot of a chapel belonging to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints to pick up food from the Utah Food Bank in Taylorsville on Monday, April 13, 2020. The line continues on the street. The Utah Food Bank estimates they provided food to around 400 families at this location.
Spenser Heaps, Deseret News The windows at The Grand America Hotel in Salt Lake City are illuminated in the shape of a heart on Tuesday, April 14, 2020.
Kristin Murphy, Deseret News “My feet hurt,” says Denise Begaye, an X-ray technician with the Monument Valley Health Center, as she sits on a curb and takes a break from COVID-19 testing outside of the center in Oljato-Monument Valley, San Juan County on Thursday, April 16, 2020. The mobile testing team tested 581 people on Thursday.
Kristin Murphy, Deseret News Cara Luna, Tsébii’nidzisgai Elementary School fourth grade teacher, hands a bag of food to Alexus Bedonie from a school bus in Oljato-Monument Valley, San Juan County, on Thursday, April 30, 2020. While schools are closed due to COVID-19, buses are delivering homework and food to students two days a week. Navajo nation has one of the highest per capita COVID-19 infection rates in the country.
Kristin Murphy, Deseret News Hanna Lloyd rides through “Light the Rio T,” a drive-thru light show, outside Rio Tinto Stadium in Sandy on Monday, May 4, 2020.
Scott G Winterton, Deseret News Adrian Zamarripa reacts as Jeremy Neves, owner of a Lamborghini Huracan, steps on the gas as Adrian and his mother, Beatriz Flores, go for a ride in Ogden on Tuesday, May 5, 2020 in Ogden. Adrian, who is 5, tried to drive his parents’ car to California to get his own Lamborghini on Monday, He was stopped by the Utah Highway Patrol just a few miles from his home.
Laura Seitz, Deseret News Lt. Col. Jon Richardson hugs his wife, Jennifer, during a departure event for the 1st Attack/Reconnaissance Battalion, 211th Aviation Regiment at the Utah Army National Guard armory in West Jordan on Thursday, May 7, 2020.
Jeffrey D. Allred, Deseret News Ruby Van Wagenen, 11, is held by her mother as she is tested for COVID-19 by medical assistant Nicole Paepke at Utah Valley Hospital in Provo on Friday, May 8, 2020. In an effort to help address COVID-19 hot spots that have been identified in Utah County, the Intermountain Healthcare Coronavirus Mobile Testing Unit provided testing to area residents.
Spenser Heaps, Deseret News Ursula Quintana, center, and her mother, Joleen Rogers, second from left, sit together before Mass at the Cathedral of the Madeleine on Tuesday, May 12, 2020.
Steve Griffin, Deseret News The Angel Moroni statue is temporarily removed by crane from atop the Salt Lake Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Salt Lake City on Monday, May 18, 2020.
Steve Griffin, Deseret News An eastern black-and-white colobus monkey holds its 4-day-old baby at Utah’s Hogle Zoo in Salt Lake City on Tuesday, May 26, 2020. The zoo as reopened with new regulations due to COVID-19.
Kristin Murphy, Deseret News Two men set up fencing on former San Juan County Commissioner Rebecca Benally’s property to help distribute live sheep to Navajo elders and families in Montezuma Creek, San Juan County, on Monday, May 25, 2020. Farmers Feeding Utah gathered donations and used the money to purchase sheep and produce from Utah farmers to donate to the Navajo Nation, supporting both farmers and those in need of food.
Kristin Murphy, Deseret News Anna Martin, 88, pauses for a minute while butchering a sheep outside of her home in Montezuma Creek, San Juan County, on Monday, May 25, 2020. Farmers Feeding Utah gathered donations and used the money to purchase sheep and produce from Utah farmers to donate to the Navajo Nation, supporting both farmers and those in need of food. Martin received one of the sheep.
Scott G Winterton, Deseret News A group from Fresh Market, former co-workers of an Ogden police officer who was killed in the line of duty on Thursday, place flowers and flags on his patrol car at the Francom Public Safety Building in Ogden on Friday, May 29, 2020.
Jeffrey D. Allred, Deseret News A protester throws a water bottle at police in Salt Lake City on Saturday, May 30, 2020. Protesters joined others across the nation to decry the death of George Floyd, a Black man, who died while being taken into custody by police in Minneapolis earlier this week.
Spenser Heaps, Deseret News A man leaps out of the way as people smash the windows of a passing police car in downtown Salt Lake City on Saturday, May 30, 2020. Protesters joined others across the nation to decry the death of George Floyd, a black man, who died while being taken into custody by police in Minneapolis earlier this week.
Laura Seitz, Deseret News A police officer pulls Brandon McCormick from an angry crowd after shooting a bow and arrow at protesters in Salt Lake City on Saturday, May 30, 2020.
Laura Seitz, Deseret News Police and protesters clash near Library Square in Salt Lake City on Saturday, May 30, 2020. Protesters joined others across the nation to decry the death of George Floyd, a Black man, who died while being taken into custody by police in Minneapolis earlier this week.
Kristin Murphy, Deseret News Salt Lake Police officer Metui Tautuaa is the only officer to take a knee as a crowd of protesters yell and plead for officers to take a knee with them, in solidarity against police brutality and racism, after a Party for Socialism and Liberation rally moved to the Salt Lake City Public Safety Building in Salt Lake City on Monday, June 1, 2020.
Kristin Murphy, Deseret News A police officer is hit with a bottle of water as police try to enforce a curfew and clear protesters out of downtown Salt Lake City on Monday, June 1, 2020. Recent protests against police brutality, racial discrimination and the killing of George Floyd turned violent in Salt Lake City and other cities across the nation, prompting Gov. Gary Herbert to call in the Utah National Guard.
Kristin Murphy, Deseret News Desmond Kanelos yells a chant during a protest against racism, police brutality and the killing of George Floyd near the Capitol in Salt Lake City on Thursday, June 4, 2020.
Steve Griffin, Deseret News University of Utah Health workers join health care professionals from across the country in a moment of silent reflection and commitment to improve the health and safety of people of color as they take a knee for their patients, colleagues, family, friends and entire community outside of the College Nursing on the University of Utah campus in Salt Lake City on Friday, June 5, 2020.
Ravell Call, Deseret News The casket is brought from Lindquist Field following the funeral service of Ogden police officer Nathan Lyday in Ogden on June 6, 2020. Lyday was shot and killed May 28 while responding to a domestic violence call.
Spenser Heaps, Deseret News Ogden Police Chief Randy Watt embraces Ashley Lyday, wife of fallen Ogden police officer Nathan Lyday, while Officer Lyday’s parents, Nancy and Andrew sit at right, during Officer Lyday’s graveside service at Lindquist Memorial Gardens of the Wasatch in Ogden on Saturday, June 6, 2020. Lyday was shot and killed May 28 while responding to a domestic violence call.
Steve Griffin, Deseret News Firefighters battle a fire in the Applied Technology Building, which is under construction, at Salt Lake Community College at 4600 S. Redwood Road in Taylorsville on Monday, June 22, 2020.
Jeffrey D. Allred, Deseret News A wildfire on Traverse Mountain threatens homes in Lehi on Sunday, June 28, 2020.
Deseret News, Spenser Heaps, Deseret News Flames lick at a “Hot Scones” sign at the old Sconecutter at 2040 S. State in Salt Lake City on Thursday, July 2, 2020. The blaze destroyed the vacant restaurant.
Spenser Heaps, Deseret News Comet C/2020 F3, also known as NEOWISE, is seen before dawn above the Bonneville Salt Flats on Tuesday, July 7, 2020. The comet takes its name from the NEOWISE space telescope that discovered it in March. The comet survived its closest pass of the sun, which sometimes completely destroys the icy comets completely, on July 3, and it passed closest to the Earth on July 23.
Yukai Peng, Deseret News Utah Royals FC players takes a knee in support of the Black Lives Matter movement before a game against the Chicago Red Stars at Zions Bank Stadium in Herriman on Sunday, July 12, 2020.
Kristin Murphy, Deseret News A bumblebee flies near a lavender bush in the International Peace Gardens in Salt Lake City on Friday, July 17, 2020.
Scott G Winterton, Deseret News Albert Gaudyn and Grace Gasienica , tourists from Poland Visitors enjoy the sunset at the Great Salt Lake near Saltair in Magna on Sunday, July 19, 2020.
Scott G Winterton, Deseret News Police and protesters collided in the streets of Cottonwood Heights on Sunday, Aug. 2, 2020. The group was marching on 6710 South when police blocked them at Cristobal Street and a confrontation ensued. Police said eight or nine protesters were arrested.
Spenser Heaps, Deseret News Artists put the final touches on a Black Lives Matter mural outside the Salt Lake City-County Building in Salt Lake City on Tuesday, Aug. 4, 2020.
Jeffrey D. Allred, Deseret News A lantern rises into the sky as friends and family hold a candlelight vigil for the victims of a July airplane crash in West Jordan on Saturday, Aug. 8, 2020.
Scott G Winterton, Deseret News Lauren Call smiles and accepts items from Utah Valley University faculty members after receiving her degree in elementary education during a drive-thru convocation at the university in Orem on Wednesday, Aug. 19, 2020.
Yukai Peng, Deseret News Juliet Tuineau, Ray Tuineau’s widow, pours a bucket of soil on her husband’s coffin during a burial service at Valley View Memorial Park in West Valley City on Saturday, Aug. 22, 2020. Ray Tuineau was one of the more than 380 Utahns who died because of COVID-19.
Steve Griffin, Deseret News Insects swarm above a bison that had just rolled in the dirt on Antelope Island on Tuesday, Aug. 25, 2020.
Kristin Murphy, Deseret News Ellie Hansen, 4, and Stephanie Hansen wave as Ellie’s father and Stephanie’s husband, Chief Warrant Officer 3 John Hansen, leaves the Utah National Guard’s aviation facility in West Jordan with 8 other Guardsmen on Thursday, Aug. 27, 2020. Nine soldiers and two UH-60L Black Hawk helicopters from the Guard’s 97th Aviation Troop Command, 2nd General Support Aviation Battalion, 211th Aviation Regiment have been tapped to help fight wildfires in California.
Jeffrey D. Allred, Deseret News A large tree rests on two cars in the Avenues in Salt Lake City after it was toppled by high winds on Tuesday, Sept. 8, 2020.
Kristin Murphy, Deseret News Alex Keele skateboards off of a fallen tree trunk onto a section of sidewalk that was raised when the tree fell during a windstorm in Salt Lake City on Tuesday, Sept. 8, 2020.
Scott G Winterton, Deseret News Residents watch as a helicopter dips water as crews respond to a fire burning near Goshen and Santaquin in Utah County on Sunday, Sept. 13, 2020.
Jeffrey D. Allred, Deseret News Clown Ketih Isley smiles during the Magic Valley Stampede PRCA Rodeo at the Twin Falls County Fair in Filer, Idaho, on Thursday Sept 3, 2020.
Jeffrey D. Allred, Deseret News Steer wrestler Blake Knowles stands for the national anthem during the Magic Valley Stampede PRCA Rodeo at the Twin Falls County Fair in Filer, Idaho, on Thursday Sept 3, 2020.
Steve Griffin, Deseret News Nelson Akagi ,a World War II Army veteran and Congressional Gold Medal recipient, watches as military personnel fold an American flag during an Honor Salute ceremony organized by Community Nursing Services outside of his home in Murray on Wednesday, Sept. 16, 2020. A member of the 100th Infantry Battalion, 442nd Regimental Combat Team, Akagi fought in key battlegrounds in Italy, France and Germany. He helped liberate many areas, including the Dachau concentration camp. In 2010, Akagi was recognized for his service with the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian honor bestowed by Congress.
Spenser Heaps, Deseret News Misty Pantle and her children, Tanner, 15, Tatum, 16, and Reese, 14, left to right, make the first visit to the burned remnants of the home they and Pantle’s sister Tammy Johnson, not pictured, shared in Talent, Ore., on Saturday, Sept. 19, 2020. Their home was one of more than 2,300 residences destroyed when the Almeda Fire swept through the towns of Talent and Phoenix in southern Oregon.
Steve Griffin, Deseret News Surrounded by fall colors, cyclists and a motorist make their way around a hairpin curve in Emigration Canyon in the Salt Lake City on Friday, Oct. 2, 2020.
Jeffrey D. Allred, Deseret News The Salt Lake Temple is under renovation during the 190th Semiannual General Conference of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Salt Lake City on Sunday, Oct. 4, 2020.
Steve Griffin, Deseret News A plane passes in front of the glowing sun as it makes its final approach at the Salt Lake City International Airport on Monday, Oct. 5, 2020. Smoke from wildfires in California have intensified the colors of the sunsets in Utah.
Laura Seitz, Deseret News A Trump supporter and a Biden supporter argue prior to the vice presidential debate between Vice President Mike Pence and his Democratic rival, California Sen. Kamala Harris, at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City on Wednesday, Oct. 7, 2020.
Spenser Heaps, Deseret News Crew members clean the plexiglass shields that will separate candidates before the vice presidential debate at Kingsbury Hall at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City on Wednesday, Oct. 7, 2020.
Spenser Heaps, Deseret News Moderator Susan Page tries to reign in Vice President Mike Pence as he talks past his allotted time during his debate against Democratic challenger Sen. Kamala Harris, D-Calif., in the vice presidential debate at Kingsbury Hall at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City on Wednesday, Oct. 7, 2020.
Jeffrey D. Allred, Deseret News Ron Gibson, a seventh-generation Ogden dairy farmer, talks about the sale of land he leases and uses to grow corn for his cattle in Hooper, Weber County, on Friday, Oct. 9, 2020. Even before COVID-19 issues decimated dairy farmers, Gibson’s wife talked him into starting a corn maze, and earlier this year he decided to use hundreds of acres of his land in Ogden to grow onions, tomatoes and potatoes in an effort to adapt and survive so his son can follow him into farming.
Steve Griffin, Deseret News Family members of inmates incarcerated in the Utah Department of Corrections’ prison system hold candles and say a prayer following a rally outside the Department of Corrections office in Draper on Tuesday, Oct. 13, 2020. The group was there to share concerns about the department’s handling of the COVID-19 outbreak.
Scott G Winterton, Deseret News Jonathan Roumie, wh plays Jesus, walks toward trailers during filming of a faith-based streaming series on the life of Jesus Christ called “The Chosen” at The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints’ Jerusalem set in Goshen, Utah County, on Monday, Oct. 19, 2020.
Spenser Heaps, Deseret News Brittany Yee, second from right, and Megan Cook, right, both autopsy assistants, bring a body into an exam room while assistant medical examiner Dr. Lily Marsden, left, prepares to perform an autopsy at the Utah Office of the Medical Examiner in Taylorsville on Thursday, Oct. 29, 2020.
Laura Seitz, Deseret News Terrie Toilolo, mother of Chynna Toilolo, cries at the sixth annual In Heels 2 Heal domestic violence walk at the International Peace Gardens in Salt Lake City on Saturday, Oct. 31, 2020. Chynna Toilolo’s body was found in Ogden Canyon in May, and in June her boyfriend was arrested and charged with murder.
Spenser Heaps, Deseret News Sierra McGee-Whinnery, a supporter of former Vice President Joe Biden, sits surrounded by backers of President Donald Trump on the steps of the Capitol in Salt Lake City on Saturday, Nov. 7, 2020. Earlier Saturday, news outlets declared Biden the winner of the presidential election.
Jeffrey D. Allred, Deseret News A homeless man bundles up near a fire on 700 South in Salt Lake City on Tuesday, Nov. 10, 2020. The Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute on Tuesday published a report identifying major problems within the state’s current homeless governance structure.
Kristin Murphy, Deseret News Cheryl Ray kisses the name of her husband, George Kelly Ray, a living Vietnam veteran, on the Veteran Wall after a dedication ceremony for the Bountiful Veterans Park in Bountiful on Veterans Day, Wednesday, Nov. 11, 2020. The wall honors veterans from Bountiful, West Bountiful, Woods Cross, North Salt Lake and Centerville.
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SpaceChain Invests in Core Semiconductor to Produce Open Hardware Platform
SpaceChain Foundation today announced it has contracted and invested in Core Semiconductor, an innovator in provably secure computing platforms for all connected devices, to produce the world’s first open-source hardware platform capable of providing a downlink to mobile phones and small devices directly from satellites in orbit, without the use of a satellite dish on Earth or a third-party network.
With security inherently built-in, the technology is designed with the blockchain industry in mind and to bring blockchain applications to a global user base. The technology is designed for low bitrate applications of around 1250 bytes per minute, making it ideal for verifying blockchain hashes and encrypted signatures.
“GPS is a low data rate protocol that has transformed the way we navigate the world and created over US$400 billion in equity value,” said Jeff Garzik, SpaceChain Foundation co-founder and CTO. “We want to do the same for emerging digital economies. Adding secure direct downlink and location capability to devices on a robust multi-layer global decentralised infrastructure will bring blockchain to mass adoption.”
“We look forward to our long-term partnership with SpaceChain as we collectively uncover new possibilities and opportunities with next-generation open-source innovations,” said Jeff Dionne, CEO, Core Semiconductor. “This milestone underscores how we can unlock the benefits of the New Space Economy.”
SpaceChain Foundation believes in the future of open-source blockchain hardware and is an investor in Core Semiconductor. This partnership allows for accessibility and unencumbered collaborations, and marks the beginning of a number of planned components to support decentralised space hardware and the New Space Economy.
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LUXEMBOURG - Since 1974, World Environment Day has been celebrated around the globe on 5 June. The day engages governments, organizations and citizens in an effort to raise awareness on environmental issues. The Alliance has also answered this call to action. NATO is adapting to become more resilient in response to the security challenges posed by climate change.
Global warming and related natural disasters are, among others, threat multipliers that affect NATO security, operations and missions. Against this backdrop, last year the Alliance leaders endorsed NATO's Climate Change and Security Agenda, as well as the corresponding Action Plan, in order to raise awareness, mitigate threats and adapt to climate change, while enhancing outreach towards other stakeholders.
The NATO Support and Procurement Agency (NSPA) has been supporting the Alliance and Nations' journey towards environmental sustainability for more than a decade, envisioning NSPA's evolution towards an environmentally responsible Agency that customers choose to acquire sustainable, cutting-edge capabilities that feature clean energy solutions.
Photovoltaic and solar panels installation, energy reduction applications including power management systems, environmental protection (e.g. water treatment systems) assets installations in both fixed and deployable assets, providing Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), environmentally responsible disposal of military assets and energy audits at NSPA sites are only some of the activities the Agency has been performing. Climate change is at the heart of all life cycle stages; Concept, Development, Production, Utilisation, Support and Retirement of operational requirements and capabilities.
In addition, to support NATO's current approach to Climate Change and NATO 2030 Agenda ambitions, the Agency has identified Clean Energy (renewable, zero emission sources, and energy saved by energy efficiency measures) as one of its strategic objectives. To that end, in November 2021, NSPA established a NSPA Clean Energy Working Group, to ensure coherence and unity of effort in this area.
As part of the recent group activities, the Agency calculated its greenhouse gas emissions, with a view to identify the most intense energy uses, explore opportunities to reduce the carbon footprint and contribute to the corresponding action across NATO, as foreseen in the NATO Climate Change and Security Action Plan.
A Clean Energy Industry Day is planned during the first semester of 2023 to demonstrate clean energy features for military applications and to raise environmental awareness of NSPA customers and various NATO bodies.
NSPA aspires to be an environmentally responsible Agency that customers choose to acquire sustainable, cutting-edge capabilities that feature Clean Energy solutions.
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Heroin and War Crimes: Conflict Rages On in Mozambique
Hundreds of civilians have been killed by Islamist insurgents, government security forces and a pro-government mercenary company in a poverty-driven conflict in the north of Mozambique, a key pillar in southern Africa’s various illicit economies, states a report published on Tuesday.
Amnesty International’s latest investigation into the ongoing conflict that began in Mozambique’s Cabo Delgado province in late 2017 paints a dire picture: over 1300 civilians killed, countless towns and villages burnt and over 530,000 people displaced – nearly 25% of the provincial population—including some 250,000 children.
The “Al-Shabaab” insurgency, of no relation to its Somali namesake, is known for its systematic brutality towards civilians: looting, raping and killing non-combatants with machetes.
However, Mozambique’s military and police forces have been accused of engaging in equally despicable criminal conduct, carrying out deliberate attacks against civilians accused of supporting Al-Shabaab, including torture, rape and extrajudicial killings.
As for their hired private military contractor, the South Africa-based Dyck Advisory Group (DAG), the report claims dozens of witnesses say DAG operatives in helicopters have indiscriminately dropped hand grenades and fired machine guns into crowds of people, as well as repeatedly targeted civilian infrastructure, such as schools and hospitals.
The mercenary group swiftly issued a statement claiming the allegations are “of great concern to the company” and that they intend to launch an internal inquest.
Poverty lies at the heart of the fighting in Cabo Delgado, long the country’s most deprived province. For while its soil contains over half of the world’s rubies and its coastline boasts Africa’s largest natural gas reserves, its people have reaped little benefit – many communities in fact claim to have been forcibly displaced from their homes after concessions were granted to Western corporations.
The conflict has especially worried observers due to the country’s deeply entrenched criminal economies: illegal timber trafficking, gemstone smuggling, ivory poaching and, most of all, the drug trade.
For example, the volume of Afghan opiates travelling by small boat from Pakistan to Mozambique for transit is so large that heroin constitutes Mozambique’s second biggest export, valued at an annual US$600-800 million by one academic paper.
The same paper also notes how around $100 million of that total goes into paying bribes to members of Mozambique’s ruling FRELIMO party, who protect and regulate the trade.
Furthermore, the growing influx of Brazilian cocaine and Afghan methamphetamine are rapidly diversifying the traditional heroin streams, turning Mozambique into a key transit hub for the global drug trade.
But while government involvement in both drug and illegal timber trafficking is well-documented, that of the insurgency remains in question. Initial reports that described illegal economies the rebels “may [be] involved in suggested that this was watched and monitored,” says Alastair Nelson, Senior Analyst at the Global Initiative.
“In reality after a recent field-trip it’s safe to say that they have not gotten involved in any of these criminal economies and we found no evidence that they are involved in the drugs economy nor rubies, nor timber,” he told OCCRP.
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Improve Memory with Associative Learning
Associative learning is one of the easiest ways to improve learning skills. Association is the basis of all learning. Association is how we learn new material. We make associations with new material to something we already know. We might attach an emotion to the new material. We decide how relevant the new material is, or we make connections with the new material.
One of the easiest examples of associative learning is the stop light. The green light means go, yellow means slow down or caution, red means stop.
Olfactory (Smell) Association
Another example is smelling popcorn leads you to believe that the snack that is coming is popcorn.
Auditory (Sound) Association
Hearing sirens blasting leads you to pull over when you are driving, knowing that an ambulance or emergency vehicle is on its way.
Many people are irritated by the tags in their clothes, and they cut them out so they don’t feel annoyed all day long.
Association directly impacts reading, spelling, writing, and math skills as well. When we consciously make an association, we are saving knowledge so we can retrieve it and act on it at a later time. From the sound/symbol relationship to more advanced vocabulary associations, we use associative learning each and every day. Learning is a step-by-step process built upon our past experiences. Association is like that. You make an association with the new concepts you are learning with what you have learned in the past (prior or background knowledge), and learning becomes easy. Association is ‘core’ to the learning process. Association is how you connect one idea to another and remember it.
When you harness the technique of associative learning and make associations on a conscious level, learning becomes easier.
Associative Learning Improves Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic Areas of Learning
Check out our VAK Program which improves visual, auditory, and kinesthetic areas of learning. The program uses association to improve learning skills. Sara C from Il states, “My son couldn’t wait to do the “Bonnie activities.” The video lessons were like having Bonnie with us every week, helping us out. The best thing that happened though, was that my son’s self-esteem improved so much that he really likes reading now!”
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What is GNSS in Surveying?
GNSS stands for global navigation satellite system (i.e. any satellite system with global coverage). In surveying it is the use of a GNSS or GPS receiver to determine the position of objects or points in space in relation to other objects or points.
GNSS/GPS satellites send out signals, which are picked up by receivers and antennas, giving a precise location and time. These can be used in positioning survey markers, deformation monitoring or asset mapping. GNSS surveying systems use RTK (real time kinematic) positioning, a highly accurate technique which provides real-time correction to GNSS through the application of a fixed base station and roving antenna.
The main benefit of GNSS is that it is much faster than traditional surveying methods, and is ideal for mapping larger areas, where centimetre-level accuracy is sufficient. Some systems also allow for sub-centimetre levels of accuracy.
What is the Difference between GNSS and GPS?
Global navigation satellite systems can refer to any satellite-based systems that provide positioning data. GPS (global positioning system) is just one type of satellite that provides this information (and is also the oldest satellite navigation system). Others include GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou.
Trimble GNSS Receivers
These systems work with multiple systems, including GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and QZSS. Trimble systems are renowned for being innovative and groundbreaking, with the latest releases including the Trimble R12, which introduced geospatial professionals to Trimble ProPoint™ GNSS technology which greatly improves performance in challenging GNSS conditions.
Meanwhile, the Trimble R12i offers Trimble TIP Tilt Compensation Technology – Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)-based tilt compensation for accurate setting out and measuring points without precisely levelling the pole.
Other Trimble GNSS receivers include the Trimble R10, designed to collect more accurate data faster and easier and the Trimble R8s, a configurable receiver that is scalable for future needs, the Trimble R2 which is also suitable for GIS mapping data capture applications and the pocket sized Trimble R1 designed for mobility.
As well as bringing excellent accuracy and reliable performance, Trimble GNSS systems can be used with a choice of data collectors. These range from the high-end powerful Windows Trimble TSC7 which combines a large screen with rugged performance running Trimble Access field software, to the Android Trimble TDC600 handheld, a sleek, all-in-one rugged smartphone with a built-in professional GNSS receiver that runs the newly launched Trimble Access 2020 software.
GNSS Correction and Continuous Coverage
The GNSS systems in our range are fully compatible with Trimble VRS Now, Trimble’s RTK (real time kinematic) positioning correction service.
Other Trimble GNSS correction technologies include Trimble CenterPoint RTX® Correction Service providing RTK level precision worldwide without the need for a base station or VRS network. Meanwhile Trimble xFill® Technology is designed to keep you working in radio and cellular black spots with continuous RTK coverage.
Why Choose a Trimble GNSS System from KOREC?
We are the largest distributor of Trimble mapping and surveying solutions in the UK and Ireland, and one of the largest in the world, having been in partnership for over 20 years. During that time, we’ve been instrumental in bringing some of Trimble’s pioneering solutions to the UK and Ireland markets, including innovative augmented reality and total station technology.
As a Trimble partner, we not only offer a sales and hire service, but a full range of technical support, servicing and Trimble-certified product training, plus over 50 years of industry experience. Get in touch to find out more about our after-sales service and how we can help your business and team be as effective as they can be.
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Pharmacy in Northern Ireland is a healthcare profession for which registration with the Pharmaceutical Society NI is a requirement to practise. To achieve registration an individual must meet the following criteria.
- Successful completion of a Master of Pharmacy Degree (MPharm), at an accredited UK university.
- Successful completion of one year’s foundation training year overseen by NICPLD. Further information is available on our Foundation Training Year page.
- Successful completion of the Common Registration Assessment.
- Meeting the fitness to practise requirements for registration as a pharmacist.
As part of the registration process, applicants have to make a self declaration of health and character checks are carried out.
There are alternatives routes of registration for pharmacists first registered in GB and in the EEA
Accredited MPharm degrees
The Pharmaceutical Society NI in conjunction with the GPhC accredit pharmacy courses in the two Northern Ireland Universities and accepts the GPhC accreditation of Universities in GB.
A full list of accredited Universities is available here.
Accreditation is the process in accordance with which a course of education and training for registrants or those in training to become registrants of the Pharmaceutical Society NI is approved.
Standards for the Initial Education and training of pharmacists (Jan 2021) sets out the initial education and training standards for pharmacists training in Great Britain. These standards have been adopted by the Pharmaceutical Society for use in Northern Ireland.
The accreditation of pharmacy courses leading to registration and annotation in Great Britain (GPhC, 2011) sets out the criteria and standards the GPhC will apply to providers who seek to offer an accredited course or an approved qualification or course. These criteria and standards have been adopted by the Pharmaceutical Society for use in Northern Ireland.
The accreditation process itself involves peer review, site visits, provider self assessment and public reports. Course providers must periodically submit for reaccreditation.
(a) The GPhC and Pharmaceutical Society NI jointly accredit courses leading to registration and annotation in Northern Ireland.
(b) The GPhC accredits and recognises courses leading to registration and annotation in England, Scotland and Wales.
(a) Joint Pharmaceutical Society NI/GPhC accreditation teams undertake accreditation assessments in Northern Ireland and make recommendations to the our Council regarding accreditation.
(b) In Great Britain, accreditation teams undertake accreditation assessments on behalf of the GPhC.
(c) A Pharmaceutical Society NI observer may attend Great Britain accreditation visits and make recommendations regarding accreditation matters.
See the list of accreditation Panel members
University Accreditation Reports
Accreditation reports for the two Northern Ireland Universities can be viewed below:
- Ulster University MPharm reaccreditation May 2015 REPORT
- Ulster University Interim report March 2018
- Ulster University Master of Pharmacy (MPharm) degree interim – event report, April 2021
- Ulster University Master of Pharmacy (MPharm) degree with preparatory year – accreditation report, September 2021
- QUB MPharm reaccreditation May 2012 REPORT
- QUB MPharm Interim March 2015 REPORT
- QUB MPharm reaccreditation April 2018 REPORT
- QUB Master of Pharmacy (MPharm) degree interim event report, March 2021
- QUB Pharmacist independent prescribing course January 2013
- QUB Pharmacist independent prescribing reaccreditation REPORT 23 Nov 2015
- QUB independent prescribing accreditation report June 2019
- QUB independent prescribing course monitoring event report February 2021
- Northern Ireland Centre for Pharmacy Learning and Development (NICPLD) independent reaccreditation report June 2019
Guidance on student fitness to practise procedures in UK schools of pharmacy
The Council of the Pharmaceutical Society NI has adopted the GPhC’s guidance on managing fitness to practise concerns in education and training.
Post Registration Continuing Professional Development
To remain on the Register of Pharmaceutical Chemists (the Register) pharmacists must complete annual Continuing Professional Development (CPD). This process is overseen and assessed by the Pharmaceutical Society NI CPD team and details of the requirements can be found here.
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What exactly is SEO? Search engine optimization or SEO is improving and modifying our website to attract better traffic and increase conversion rate. Making your website SEO-friendly is something highly recommended. This will increase the number of visitors and also more visitors will engage in buying from you. Let’s examine the SEO guide for Ecommerce Sites.
Ecommerce SEO Services made many changes, and basically, these changes were found due to constant changes in SERP. As you know, this SERP, the layout and tactics are making a significant number of changes. In their day-by-day system, it’s more comfortable to confess about looking for the long term, which makes them a text.
If you want to become competitive in the e-commerce marketing field, then this article is for you, which will take you through it. This article is related to SEO for e-commerce and gives more focus on e-commerce marketing and optimization. The report allows you to focus more on optimization than concentrating on the fundamental principle and strategy for solid sales, marketing, and business.
Local SEO Vs. Affiliate SEO Vs. Ecommerce
Before giving a general introduction to this, let’s try to understand the fundamental difference between local SEO, affiliate SEO, and e-commerce. Then, on this specific page, you can find relevant information and fundamental differences between them.
Affiliate And Local SEO:
If you take the example of local SEO, it provides about 5-10 services or products. What about affiliate SEO? It gives its number of keywords, but generally, it is less in number compared to Ecommerce SEO Services. For example, if e-commerce will offer you a keyword of around 1000, then it would be about 100 on local and affiliate SEO.
Generally, it is more difficult to manipulate and optimize more keywords without using a suitable template, SEO technique, or automation. Here, we need to deal with more pages and keywords.
SEO Is Not Just About Backlinks:
Most of the time, SEOs can do their job correctly if they use the SEO e-commerce platform. However, if you want serious SEO traction, then you need to get it before chasing backlinks. Therefore, on-page SEO plays a vital role in the e-commerce website.
Some internal issues are occurring with our established e-commerce site, and this part we should consider. The initial focus for on-page SEO is essential in the e-commerce site definition. I take care of backlinks last as part of the SEO strategy. You can have two things in backlinks, like less control, and the correlation between results and links is not straightforward, which is considered a more expensive part of SEO. But at the same time, you can find a direct correlation between links and results when using the website on the page.
Let’s look at the current status of SEO for e-commerce. As you all know, SERP introduces new features always to grow fast, so if SEO wants to grow too, it provided a specific approach to evolve more quickly. My concern is that SEO is growing much faster because ten years ago, SEO only had one ad word result, which was usually displayed in the corner of the page. But now, the SEO landscape has changed. It’s not like the previous one.
In the current scenario, there are differences involved in a single search result.
- Paid ad word that is regular
- Google shopping
- Google maps
- knowledge-based channel
- Google Maps paid
- highlighted excerpts
To stay on top, we can’t neglect anything. That is, SERP is also adding location-related features as part of the survey. And most SEOs do not realize the importance of it. The source you’re not taking advantage of is Google Shopping. It drives not only traffic and modifications but also the most straightforward path for you, so you can shortcuts to your SEO, allowing:
- Find out which keyboard people are using
- Crack your internet
- Find out what kind of keywords are generating conversion
- The source you’re not taking advantage of is Google Shopping listing.
First of all, the converted keywords are what interest us the most. We like to focus on quality keywords, not quantity. The way Google is getting smarter, SEO is getting slower and unpredictable, meaning we have less control over it.
Getting any results from any SEO campaign efficiently requires 3 to 6 months at present. Furthermore, Ad word is fast and fully controllable. It would be best to turn it on today, and our ads will run within 24 hours. You will get feedback immediately after 1-2 days about what is happening on the SERP and the research demand. It’s not just SEOs that are being fragmented, catering to the search market as well.
Google is not a single player in the game, and you have Facebook, Amazon, eBay, and many other shopping sites. In the end, focusing on How Seo helps a business is no longer enough, but you need to focus on paid traffic, non-Google platforms, conversion optimization, and a complete sales funnel. A winning strategy has other traffic channels and optimizes conversion.
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Originally the "FauxK" or "4K-lite" terms were applied to pixel shifting 1080p resolution projectors – JVC first, then Epson as they rolled out a whole line of them. Those projectors going back to 2011, could accept 4K content, processed it, and fed it to chips that could display the picture as two sequential images, shifting a half pixel diagonally for the 2nd set of pixels as compared to the 1st. This allows for more detail, but the pixel size (relative to true 4K) is huge – twice the height and width, four times the area. Think of 4K as a baseball, and 1080p pixel shifters as a softball, in terms of pixel size.
Now enters the new TI consumer chip, as used in the Acer V7850, which is also using pixel shifting. It splits the difference in resolution at 2716×1528, just about half way between 1920×1080 and 3840×2160. But, like the lower res pixel shifters, it still uses large pixels compared to true 4K, but in this case with an area only about 1/2 as large (area-wise) as 1080p pixels.
The bottom line is the Acer V7850 is capable of displaying a more detailed image than 1080p pixel shifting projectors, but still one notch below what is possible with a true native 4K projector. This difference in visible resolution between the V7850 and a native 4K projector can be rather subtle, but visible when using a high quality native 4K/UHD resolution video source. This assumes the native 4K projector has good alignment of the red, blue and green sub-images (good panel alignment) and also has a good quality lens with sharp focus.
[sam_pro id=1_65 codes="true"]
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In the bible, Helek is the name of the son of Gilead (NUM 26:30). Meaning of the name: part; portion. Related names are: Iezer, Gilead
. The translations of Helek in 18 languages of the Bible are illustrated in the
below, from Hê-Léc in Vietnamese
to חֵלֶק in Hebrew!
These are the sons of Gilead: of Jeezer, the family of the Jeezerites: of Helek, the family of the Helekites: (NUM 26:30)
There was also a lot for the rest of the children of Manasseh by their families; for the children of Abiezer, and for the children of Helek, and for the children of Asriel, and for the children of Shechem, and for the children of Hepher, and for the children of Shemida: these were the male children of Manasseh the son of Joseph by their families. (JOS 17:2)
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Download This Version in Microsoft Word format
April 3, 2002
S. Printed 4/3/02--S.
Read the first time January 16, 2002.
To whom was referred a Bill (S. 889) to amend the Code of Laws of South Carolina, 1976, by adding Section 59-1-465 so as to allow the display of the words of the Ten Commandments, etc., respectfully
That they have duly and carefully considered the same and recommend that the same do pass with amendment:
Amend the bill, as and if amended, page 1, beginning on line 29, in Section 59-1-465, as contained in SECTION 1, by striking lines 29-33 and inserting therein the following:
/ "Section 59-1-465. (A) The words of the Ten Commandments may be posted in a public school classroom at the sole discretion of the teacher in charge of the classroom, if the school district board of trustees votes to grant teachers in the district such authority. /
Amend the bill further, as and if amended, page 1, line 39, by adding an appropriately numbered new SECTION to read:
/ SECTION . If any section, subsection, paragraph, subparagraph, sentence, clause, phrase, or word of this act is for any reason held to be unconstitutional or invalid, such holding does not affect the constitutionality or validity of the remaining portions of this act, the General Assembly hereby declaring that it would have passed this section, and each and every section, subsection, paragraph, subparagraph, sentence, clause, phrase, and word thereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or more other sections, subsections, paragraphs, subparagraphs, sentences, clauses, phrases, or words hereof may be declared to be unconstitutional, invalid, or otherwise ineffective. /
Renumber sections to conform.
Amend title to conform.
Majority favorable. Minority unfavorable.
MICHAEL L. FAIR MAGGIE W. GLOVER
For Majority. For Minority.
TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING SECTION 59-1-465 SO AS TO ALLOW THE DISPLAY OF THE WORDS OF THE TEN COMMANDMENTS IN A PUBLIC SCHOOL CLASSROOM AT THE DISCRETION OF THE TEACHER IN CHARGE OF THE CLASSROOM AND TO PROHIBIT PUBLIC SCHOOL POLICIES OR CODES THAT PROHIBIT THE WORDS OF THE TEN COMMANDMENTS ON THE CLOTHING, BOOK COVERS, AND OTHER PERSONAL PROPERTY OF STUDENTS THAT OTHERWISE CONFORM TO SUCH POLICIES OR CODES.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina:
SECTION 1. Article 5, Chapter 1, Title 59 of the 1976 Code is amended by adding:
"Section 59-1-465. (A) The words of the Ten Commandments may be displayed on a placard in a public school classroom, but the display of the Ten Commandments in a particular classroom is a matter within the sole discretion of the teacher in charge of the classroom.
(B) A school district, public school principal, or public school teacher may not adopt or enforce any policy or code that prohibits the display of the words of the Ten Commandments on the clothing, book covers, or other personal property of students that otherwise conforms to applicable policies and codes."
SECTION 2. This act takes effect July 1, 2002.
This web page was last updated on Thursday, June 25, 2009 at 2:29 P.M.
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To new business owners, starting a business is often its reward. They are thrilled to be able to be their bosses and to successfully get a business up and running. Often they are happy just to keep the dream alive.
But every business needs to grow. That doesn’t sigle-cartoni-animati mean you have to reach out to a larger market – it means working toward increasing your share of the one you are targeting. This will keep your business healthy enough to survive obstacles such as tough economic times.
To keep moving forward, we need to market our businesses constantly. We need to dedicate a certain percentage of our resources to building our brand and reaching our target market. Here are some simple things you can do to help your business grow.
Have a clear picture of your target market.
Find out what types of people use the products and services you provide and respond to your business philosophies. If you’re not marketing to the right people, casinostylists all will be lost.
Research, research, research.
Determine how to best reach your target market and what they expect out of your offerings. Study your competition carefully, kattendingen and make note of what they’re doing right and wrong.
Choose your marketing channels wisely.
If your target market rarely reads, there’s no point in advertising in a magazine. Use what you’ve learned about them to find the best possible outlets for your message, and focus your marketing efforts there.
Give your advertising a chance.
Studies show that consumers require repeated exposure to a product before they will even consider buying. So don’t be surprised if one ad run doesn’t bring spectacular results. If you’ve done your homework and found a viable way to reach your market, sklep-herbaty run the ad at least two more times before you evaluate the results.
Take advantage of free publicity.
Sending out press releases and finding other ways to attract the media will give you high-quality exposure, and it won’t eat into your budget.
Keep track of the effectiveness of your marketing efforts.
If what you’re doing is working, fibre-in-my-area you should be generating more revenue. Use some of that revenue to do more marketing. If it isn’t working, make adjustments and try again.
Sometimes you’ll have to take a step back with your marketing plans. But that’s not a sign you’ve failed. It’s a sign that you’re a smart marketer. Sometimes the market changes, and it’s up to us to monitor those changes and adjust our marketing plans accordingly. No successful company markets the same way forever. By evolving with our target market, we can make our marketing work better. uncapped-fibre-deals
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The BSA has a proven track record of shaping young people into leaders of outstanding character – people who understand the meaning of accountability and the importance of servant leadership. On #GivingTuesday, December 3, 2019, we’re asking our communities to help us continue that record by supporting Scouting at the local level, and we’ve created a toolbox of resources to bolster your local efforts.
What Is #GivingTuesday?
#GivingTuesday is a global day of giving fueled by the power of social media and collaboration. Observed on the Tuesday following Thanksgiving (in the U.S.) and the widely recognized shopping events Black Friday and Cyber Monday, #GivingTuesday kicks off the charitable season, when many focus on their holiday and end-of-year giving.
Your #GivingTuesday Toolkit
First, share this post to ensure everyone on your Scouting team is up to speed with what’s available. Then, head over to the Brand Center and download all of this year’s goodies designed specifically for local councils.
Social Media Outreach
Be sure to use hashtags #GivingTuesday and #ScoutMeIn, in all of your campaign communications and social media posts. To see how your council can utilize these hashtags to promote the big day in your community, check out some suggested tweets and Facebook posts below. Councils are encouraged to send out tweets and posts in the days leading up to and especially on #GivingTuesday.
- Save the date! Dec. 3 is #GivingTuesday! Support [Local Council Name] and make an impact on young people in your community! #ScoutMeIn
- Today is #GivingTuesday! Help support all the good that local Scouting does to build young people of character. #ScoutMeIn [local council giving page link]
- Join us on this #GivingTuesday to support Scouts who are making a difference in our communities! #ScoutMeIn [local council giving page link]
- Thank you for making a difference by supporting Scouting on this #GivingTuesday! #ScoutMeIn [local council giving page link]
Sample Facebook Posts
- This Dec. 3 is #GivingTuesday! Support [Local Council Name] and make an impact on youth in your community! #ScoutMeIn www.beascout.org
- When you support Scouting in [Your Geography] on this #GivingTuesday, you’re helping build the next generation of leaders of character. #ScoutMeIn [local council giving page link]
- For #GivingTuesday, people have joined together to support [Local Council Name]. Thank you for your support to make Scouting possible in our community! #ScoutMeIn [local council giving page link]
- By supporting [Local Council Name] on this #GivingTuesday, you help young people grow to become citizens who are trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful, thrifty, brave, clean, and reverent. Thank you! #ScoutMeIn [local council giving page link]
Visual Assets and Email Templates
Your #GivingTuesday toolkit wouldn’t be complete without the visuals! Use the #GivingTuesday images located in the BSA Brand Center in your local council social media and communications efforts. Pair them up with some of the suggested social media messages above or craft your own combinations to encourage support for your local council on this important day of giving.
We’ve also created dedicated #GivingTuesday e-mail templates you can use to reach out to key audiences locally. Those templates can be found in the #GivingTuesday email folder on the BSA Brand Center.
The Donations Page
Finally, while councils are encouraged to share their own local giving links directly in their #GivingTuesday communications, the BSA national giving website also contains an option to search for local giving opportunities.
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The development of Kiilto’s upcoming cutting fluids started from eco- and user-friendliness
The environment and safety are values that have a growing impact on purchase decisions made by consumers, whereas changes have been slower among corporate customers. In industrial sectors, it is still possible to run into the assumption that the more hazardous a chemical is, the more effective it must be. However, modern R&D and new components have changed this situation. Currently, solutions that are much safer and eco-friendlier than their predecessors are being launched, without making any compromises over effectiveness. The development of Kiilto’s cutting fluids also started from this point of view. This was also one of my first projects at Kiilto.
Towards environmental leadership
More and more industrial companies are paying more attention to people and the environment. I believe that previous marketing pitches have started to become true environmental and safety actions in many companies. Employee health and environmental values often go hand in hand, and companies are increasingly making decisions to defend these values. What is more, these values are not in conflict with financial profitability, as improved employee health and lower material costs and waste charges are significant factors for companies, also in terms of their financial value.
However, when people think about the industry and chemicals, they may first think of pollution and toxicity, even though chemical safety is higher than ever before, particularly in Europe. R&D plays a key part in that companies can offer even safer solutions that help their customers to act more responsibly, while taking care of the environment.
The “Commitment to the environment” project in line with Kiilto’s main strategy has set strict environmental goals for us for the next few years. Here are but a few examples: Kiilto aims to be carbon-neutral by 2028, to double the proportion of renewable and recycled components in its solutions and to only use 100% renewable energy. As a new member of the Kiilto family, I have been positively amazed by how much work we have already done in order to become environmental leaders.
Commitment to the environment can also be seen in Kiilto’s products
R&D is like a game of balance. We need to address statutory requirements, the needs and wishes of our customers and, of course, the maximum effectiveness of the solution being developed. At the same time, we need to ensure that the product’s market price is reasonable, the availability of components is high and the environmental goals related to the product are realistic. Before we can say that a product is ready for sale, we also need to test its functionality, corrosion resistance, stability and shelf life. Many details have an impact on the final result and on how easy or difficult it is to develop an eco-friendlier solution.
From this starting point and as a recently started R&D manager, I was given an ambitious project. The purpose was to make cutting fluids used in the metal industry more eco- and user-friendly. The previous products fulfilled their purpose, but they contained oil-based components, preventing them from being disposed of in the sewage system. Similarly, the preservative needed to be changed due to changes in legislation. Now, we had the opportunity to solve two problems at once and make a shift to fully bio-based and biodegradable lubricants.
I am happy to announce that Kiilto will soon launch new eco-friendly cutting fluids. The new cutting fluids meet strict environmental goals, without making any compromises over effectiveness. We have also improved many other properties: the clean products or their water solutions can be disposed of in the sewer, they are no longer classified as dangerous goods for transportation, and they are more stable and easier to wash. As the summer advances, we will announce more information about our new solutions for the metal industry on our website. My work continues with other industrial products, and the goal is to continue to achieve similar improvements.
About the writer:
Jussi Kauko is Kiilto’s new R&D manager who started in his position in February. He is responsible for the R&D of hygiene solutions for the metal and forest industries.
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By Mike Whitney
" -- -- On Tuesday, President Bush warned the nation that outbreaks of Bird Flu may require massive quarantines enforced by
the US Military. He said that the military would be better able "to prevent people from coming in to get exposed to the flu",
although he failed to explain why that task couldn't be carried out by the National Guard. Bush's comments echoed the same
themes we've heard repeatedly since Hurricane Katrina, that the president needs the power to deploy troops within the country
at his own discretion and without any legal restrictions. It is a conspicuous attempt to militarize the country and declare
martial law, although the media has scrupulously avoided the obvious conclusions.
Bush now claims that he will
need to deploy the military following a terrorist attack, a national disaster, or after the outbreak of a flu-epidemic. "Sending
in the troops" has seemingly replaced "tax-cuts" as the one-size-fits-all answer for every question asked of any member of
the hard-right administration.
"I am concerned about avian flu" Bush opined. "I'm concerned about what an avian
flu outbreak could mean for the United States and the world. If we had an outbreak somewhere in the United States, do we not
then quarantine that part of the country?
And who best to be able to affect a quarantine?
is the use of a military that's able to plan and move. So that's why I put it on the table. I think it's an important debate
for Congress to have.. I think the president ought to have all options on the table to understand what the consequences are
-- all assets on the table, not options -- assets on the table to be able to deal with something this significant."
before Katrina, Donald Rumsfeld had repeatedly expressed interest in using the military domestically. According to many reports
the delay in getting relief to the victims of the hurricane was the result of a power-struggle between the administration
and local officials (Governor Blanco and Mayor Nagin) over who would control the operation. The administration was determined
from the onset to federalize the effort and put the Pentagon in charge. This caused a 3 day holdup in the federal response
to the tragedy. The choice was made to withhold aid until the governor capitulated. It is impossible to calculate the number
of lives that may have been lost by this decision.
The main obstacle to Bush's militarization-scheme is the Posse
Comitatus Act of 1878. The Act bans the military from participating in policing activities on US soil. It does not, however,
prevent the military from helping out in national disasters. This is what is so troubling about Bush's request to change the
law; it shows a clear intention to assert military authority wherever the troops are deployed. It is clearly not an attempt
simply to help out.
A careful look at New Orleans shows the danger of this. The military presence has been used
to establish order and to set the precedent for future deployments. Blackwater mercenaries are not really part of the relief
effort at all, but are employed to harass and intimidate the locals and to protect private property. One of their many functions
was to force the evacuation of local homeowners and to strip them of their legally registered firearms; a clear violation
of the 2nd amendment. Their presence is intended to soften the attitudes of citizens to seeing military personnel on their
streets and to help them adjust the effects of a transformed America.
Dr. Irwin Redlener, associate Dean of Columbia
University's School of Public Health for Disaster Preparedness, told the Associated Press that giving the military a law enforcement
role would be an "extraordinarily Draconian measure" that would be unnecessary for the distribution of vaccines.
translation of this is martial law in the United States," said Redlener.
"Gene Healy, a senior editor at the
conservative Cato Institute, said Bush would risk undermining 'a fundamental principle of American law' by tinkering with
the act, which does not hinder the military's ability to respond to a crisis."
"What it does is set a high bar
for the use of federal troops in a policing role. That reflects America's traditional distrust of using standing armies to
enforce order at home, a distrust that's well-justified." The use of the military "can result in serious damage to American
life and liberty," Healy added. (CNN)
The intention to use the military in a "policing role" creates a permanent
state of martial law that can't be fully grasped out of context. In the last few months the administration has made a number
of dramatic changes to the system which have upset the critical balance between the co-equal parts of government. Just three
months ago, Bush issued an executive order that created the National Security Service (NSS); a branch of the FBI that now
works entirely under his authority. It is America's first secret police; no different than the East German Stasi or the Soviet
Union's KGB. It operates completely beyond congressional oversight and is answerable to the president alone. It is Bush's
Also, less than a month ago the 4th Circuit Court ruled that the president had the power to
declare any American citizen an "enemy combatant" and summarily rescind all of his human and civil rights; including even
the right to know the reason for which he is being he imprisoned. The ruling confers absolute authority on the president and
ends of any meaningful notion of "inalienable rights".
Also, just last week the Senate Intelligence Committee
"approved legislation that allows Pentagon Intelligence operatives to collect information from US citizens without revealing
their status as government spies." The Pentagon may now conduct clandestine investigations of American citizens without the
traditional safeguards that are applied to FBI. In effect, the legislation revokes the fundamental guarantees of privacy under
the 4th amendment and "green-lights" the Pentagon to operate covertly against American citizens whether they are legitimate
terrorist suspects or simply political enemies.
In another shocking development, President Bush said he will
veto the upcoming Pentagon budget of $435 Billion if the bill contains any provision that limits the "cruel, inhuman and degrading
treatment of prisoners". The President's action implies that he has the right to torture and abuse according to his own judgment,
a clear violation of the Geneva Conventions, the 1996 Treaty on Torture and the 8th amendment.
the revised version of Patriot Act is quickly moving through the Congress. The new edition eviscerates the last feeble strands
of the 4th amendment and paves the way for "administrative subpoenas", which allow law enforcement to carry out searches without
This is the context in which we should evaluate the push to use the military in domestic
affairs. Every change that has taken place within the government has been designed for one purpose alone; to increase the
power of the president. If the congress chooses to overturn the Posse Comitatus Act, they will have removed the last bit of
rickety scaffolding that protects the country from becoming a de facto military dictatorship. The power to deploy troops within
the nation is the power to use the military against American citizens. It transforms the "people's army" into a direct threat
to the democracy it is supposed to serve.
This is the essential vision of the globalists who currently control
all the levers of state-power in Washington. They've now articulated their intention to use any conceivable national tragedy
to achieve their objective of colonizing America through force of arms and establishing the supreme authority of the president.
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by Reagan Jackson
The City Council chamber was standing room only. Though there was no pending vote or corresponding agenda item, Hookah Lounge owners, along with activists from East African communities and organizations including the NAACP, EPIC, YUIR, and European Dissent joined together to publicly address Mayor Ed Murray’s recent ban on Hookah Lounges.
“Far too many smoking lounges attract and sustain illegal, violent activity that has no place in our neighborhoods,” said Mayor Murray in a press conference two weeks ago announcing the ban, that effective August 16, will shut down Seattle’s 11 Hookah Lounges. The City Council added an additional 20 minute public comment session to their meeting to accommodate the discussion.
The ban comes in the wake of the death of International District Community Leader Donnie Chin. Chin, an outspoken proponent of shutting down Hookah lounges, was shot and killed on July 23 while driving near King’s Hookah Lounge. Though investigators do not believe that Chin was the target of the shooting and the Lounge itself had been closed for two hours before the incident occurred, his death has been a galvanizing catalyst for the closure of late night Hookah lounges.
“One of the reasons why I am here is that I am forever confused about how Seattle chooses to apply an implement the law,” said attorney James Bible who was greeted by a rain of snaps seconding the sentiment. “What’s happening in this situation is the criminalization of black businesses. I say that because they followed every single rule that they needed to follow to open the Hookahs.”
According to a press release from the Mayor’s office, criminal charges are being filed against King’s Hookah Lounge on the basis of non-payment of taxes. However the other ten establishments have seemingly complied with every law put before them.
“Why is a liberal city coming up with a plan to eliminate black owned businesses?” asked King County NAACP President Gerald Hankerson. “I have yet to see one shred of evidence that the Hookah Lounges are the cause of violence.”
One by one activists and Lounge owners approached the microphone, each with a clear message that while there is no denying the crime taking place in certain areas of the city there is also no direct evidence holding Hookah Lounges to blame. They addressed a range of issues from health impacts to economic factors, but the reoccurring theme was race.
“We have to look at racism,” said Jennifer Hagedorn, a health professional and anti-racist organizer with European Dissent. “As a white person I am clear that white owned businesses, like private clubs, including cigar lounges would never be targeted in this manner.”
Hagedorn concluded with a recommendation: “I strongly urge you to honor the city’s own policy of doing a racial equity assessment and specifically conduct an assessment rooted in accountability to the communities that will be most effect by this action.”
Present, but notably silent were several activists from the International District community. They were not carrying Stop Blaming Hookah Lounge signs and though it was clear that they came with a different perspective, they chose not to speak during public comment.
“We don’t want this to be something that’s going to create divisiveness across communities,” explained Elaine Ishihara as the crowd dispersed. Ishihara Director of the Asian Pacific Island Coalition Against Tobacco in Seattle has spent the past 10 years working on issues of health disparities and tobacco control issues in communities of color.
“It shouldn’t have to be left up to the community to be having to facilitate all this. It’s not just about the Hookah Lounges it’s just the environment, the cultural environment and going back to social and health justice and being able to work together to address this,” said Ishihara.
Though the impact of this meeting has yet to be determined, it’s clear that there is a genuine desire for dialogue on how to solve the real issues impacting the intersecting communities and to come up with a solution that doesn’t involve taking away the livelihood of several East African families.
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The O3waterworks Aqueous Ozone Sanitizing Spray Bottle* has achieved a 99.9% virus reduction within 30 seconds against the commercial testing surrogate for Human Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 . Aqueous Ozone Works Aqueous ozone kills pathogens effectively and efficiently.
- Use to conveniently clean, deodorize and sanitize any surface that can get wet.
- 99.9% Virus reduction within 30 seconds against the commercial testing surrogate for Human
Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes the CoVid-19 disease).**
- Proven chemical-free sanitizer generated from tap water (EPA established device).
- Kills 99.9% of bacteria including E. Coli, Salmonella, MRSA and more.*
- Investment that saves $$$ over the life of the bottle.
- Bottle can be reused endlessly on average for 5 years or at least 600 reservoir fills. Never run out of your surface cleaner again.
- Replaces most household cleaners.
- Use to kill harmful bacteria on fruits and vegetables extending its freshness time.
- Ultimate surface cleaner for things like stone counters, pacifiers, baby toys, everything in your kitchen and bathroom.
- Leave behind no harmful residue.
- Environmentally friendly, reduces plastic consumption.
- Ozone generator made in the USA.
Just add water
Aqueous ozone is produced on-demand with the pull of a trigger. The trigger activates a micro-pump to draw tap water through the electrolytic diamond to create aqueous ozone. No loss in sanitizing power during use. The compact bottle design is lightweight & portable to use in the home or office…practically anywhere.
30 second sanitization
It just takes 30 seconds for Aqueous Ozone to kill 99.9% of common bacteria and pathogens.
What is Aqueous Ozone?
- Ozone (O3) is commonly called “Enhanced Oxygen.”
It’s simply an extra (O) bond to the Oxygen molecule we breath (O2).
- Ozone is the 2nd strongest oxidizer known.
- Oxidants convert organic materials into their base compounds.
- As a powerful oxidizer, it is a very effective
cleaning agent killing germs, pathogens, bacteria,
molds and yeasts.
- Pathogens and bacteria do not have the opportunity
to develop resistance to ozone.
Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent, when dissolved in water it works directly on the surfaces it comes in contact with. Ozone in aqueous solution also breaks down more quickly to form leaving only pure water and sanitized surfaces.
Ozone has been used commercially since the late 1800’s to control odors. The first commercial use of ozone for a municipal water system was in 1906.
Ozone is now used by a wide variety of industries worldwide, including wastewater plants, water parks, zoos, aquariums, food manufacturing and water bottling.
Aqueous Ozone has been used for over 100 years as a powerful cleaner and sanitizer. In the early 2000’s, Aqueous Ozone was FDA approved for food preparation facilities and food contact surfaces, which was a huge step in its history and is what it’s largely used for today.
How We Generate Aqueous Ozone
O3waterworks bubbles oxygen and water through our proprietary and patented diamond electrolytic cell. An electric charge briefly separates the O2 molecules into O- atoms that then reform into loosely-held O3 molecules that readily oxidize and destroy harmful microorganisms then return to form pure 02 molecules.
The cycle of oxygen and ozone is just like the cycle of water in nature.
Ozone is also created by waterfalls, the oceans’ surf and during thunder and lightning storms.
Ozone is naturally occurring in our upper atmosphere created by ultraviolet rays.
Helps you live sustainably. One bottle lasts for at least 600 refills without the need of any other filters or cartridges – eliminating the need to buy hundreds of plastic, one-time use bottles of cleaners.
The rechargeable li battery powers up to 10 reservoir refills before needing to recharge. Recharges in about 3 hours.
Reduce plastic solid waste and recycling output Household cleaners emit VOCs (volatile organic compounds) which can cause skin, eye and respiratory irritation and increase long-term health consequences.
Reduce your carbon footprint by eliminating deliveries (thereby decreasing diesel fuel emissions to the environment).
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Jean-Luc Dehaene (Dutch pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ːˈlyk d̪əˈɦäːn̪ə] ( listen) 7 August 1940 – 15 May 2014), nicknamed "The Plumber" or "The Minesweeper", was a Belgian politician. He served as Prime Minister of Belgium from 1992 until 1999. He was also mayor of Vilvoorde.
|Prime Minister of Belgium|
7 March 1992 – 12 July 1999
|Preceded by||Wilfried Martens|
|Succeeded by||Guy Verhofstadt|
Jean Luc Joseph Marie Dehaene
7 August 1940
|Died||15 May 2014 (aged 73)|
|Political party||Christian Democratic and Flemish (CD&V)|
Dehaene, who had been suffering from pancreatic cancer, died after a fall while in France, aged 73.
- Neuger, James G. (May 15, 2014). "Jean-Luc Dehaene, Who Led Belgium Into Euro Region, Dies at 73". Bloomburg. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
Media related to Jean-Luc Dehaene at Wikimedia Commons
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—-How Gargamelle, being great with Gargantua, did eat a huge deal of tripes.
The occasion and manner how Gargamelle was brought to bed, and delivered of her child, was thus: and, if you do not believe it, I wish your bum-gut fall out and make an escapade. Her bum-gut, indeed, or fundament escaped her in an afternoon, on the third day of February, with having eaten at dinner too many godebillios. Godebillios are the fat tripes of coiros. Coiros are beeves fattened at the cratch in ox-stalls, or in the fresh guimo meadows. Guimo meadows are those that for their fruitfulness may be mowed twice a year. Of those fat beeves they had killed three hundred sixty-seven thousand and fourteen, to be salted at Shrovetide, that in the entering of the spring they might have plenty of powdered beef, wherewith to season their mouths at
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Many people choose to face the stages for end of life by remaining at home. Accredited Home Care can help with keeping your loved one comfortable and dealing with issues like end of life nutrition.
Understanding End of Life Nutrition Choices & Needs
With the addition of Special Care Nursing Services to our company we have an increased ability to serve the community above & beyond the typical in home caregiving scenarios. This would include providing skilled nursing that may be needed for those in the process of end of life.
- Living Will – It is highly recommended that you create a Living Will. A Living Will is one way to help ensure that your wishes and desires are honored when faced with a terminal illness or injury.
- Advance Directives for Health Care – Similar to a Living Will this is a less complex form that serves a similar purpose. This free Advance Directives form can be downloaded & filled out without the need for a lawyer or even notary.
- Withholding Nutrition & Hydration – Many people fear choosing to withhold nutrition & hydration during their end of life process. However, the human body is designed to handle the end of life process by shutting itself down so it does not recognize or feel the effects of withholding nutrition & hydration.
Typically, the body goes into a deep sleep state or coma where it will not feel pain from withholding nutrition/hydration. This article from The Center of Bioethics & Human Dignity can help answer questions about the dilemma of whether or not to tube feed.
- Pain – Any pain associated with death is generally a symptom of health issues that may also be a part of the reason for their death. Medication to address pain is considered comfort care and does not prolong life.
How Home Care Can Help with End of Life Nutrition & Comfort
- Home Care vs. Hospice – Hospice care is a specialized training focused specifically on the end of life process. Home care can often provide the same basic needs for the client; which is typically comfort care. Frequently both types of care are used. Alternatively, home care can be chosen instead of hospice.
- Comfort Care – Home health care with skilled nursing can be a part of the end of life care. The nurse can dispense any medication that the doctor orders to combat pain. Personal hygiene can be maintained, for example, by providing sponge baths & basic hygiene.
- Accepting Artificial Nutrition & Hydration – If it is decided that artificial nutrition & hydration will be a part of end of life care you should be aware that this is considered life sustaining actions. A comatose person can be kept alive for months or even years with artificial nutrition & hydration. Our health care staff/nursing is able to help with tube feeding.
- Choosing Not to Accept Artificial Nutrition & Hydration – As mentioned above, our caregivers will provide hydration to the patient for as long as the patient can swallow on their own. After that they will most likely begin to come in and out of a coma like state. During this time their lips will be kept moist with a damp cloth or sponge. In addition to using water, we can often apply a balm on the lips to avoid cracking.
- Pressure Ulcers – It is important that the patient doesn’t sit or lie in one position in bed. Sitting without being moved & adjusted can cause bed sores or pressure ulcers. We will make sure that the patient is moved and position adjusted often to avoid any discomfort.
Making a Difference by Using Home Care for Assistance with End of Life Nutrition & Comfort
- The Importance of Touch – Equally important in end of life caregiving is remembering to keep the human touch as a part of caregiving. You always want your loved one to not only understand that you are there with them but feel as though you’re not afraid to touch them.
- The Ability to Remain at Home – Accredited Care understands how complicated and frightening facing the stages of the end of life can be for you. Likewise, we also understand the importance to be able to have dignity and the ability to remain in the comfort of your own home when possible.
- Guidance with Professional Knowledge – Both our caregiving and home health care divisions can be beneficial when you’re facing end of life decisions with a loved one. Having professional knowledge and guidance will allow you to focus on the final moments you have with your loved one while we “take care” of things.
Let us help you as you focus on being with your loved one at a time of need and focus. Home care can provide assistance with end of life nutrition and comfort care.
Photo by dyniss
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The lost city of Petra located in Southern Jordan, is recognised as a world heritage UNESCO site. Visiting the area you can see why. Carved into the rock faces are the most remarkable facades constructed by ancient civilisations.
Petra’s landscape and climate alone is breathtaking. Red sand stone mountains jut into the bright blue skies from the desert floor. The heat is stifling and there is no evidence of rain.
Inhabitants known as the Nabataeans are thought to have settled in Petra as far back as the 5th century BC. They prospered due to their trade in spices through the Middle East acting as a go between, gaining profits from a sort of tax.
It is also believed that due to the entrance to the main city of Petra being through a narrow path (the Siq) between two large mountains, Petra was hard to attack and overthrow. Consequently, Petra thrived.
However, it remains a mystery how they got water for survival or indeed how they built their magnificent city.
Along the Siq/ canyon path, reconstructions of dams can be found. One theory is that water from flash floods was stored in these dams and irrigated throughout the city. Keep an eye out for elephant carvings along the Siq too.
Today thousands of tourists flock to Petra to walk through the canyon entrance, see the treasury, visit the tombs, monastery, theatre and hike the trails Petra has to offer.
We signed up for Petra by Night on our first evening in Wasu Musa. There were mixed reviews online and we were not sure what to expect. However, arriving at 6pm and itching to see the ancient site immediately we decided to go. Petra by night comprises a show in front of the Treasury. The show itself is underwhelming – a flute performance, a long winded story and a cup of sweet liquorish tea. Despite that, the experience is made worthwhile by seeing the Treasury lit up under the stars.
The next day in Petra we spent over 8 hours exploring. We entered via the tourist center, walked through the spectacular canyon to the treasury. From here we took a right across a bridge and joined the tombs trail.
From this trail we continued up and around the mountain on the Al Kabutah trail. This path leads to an impressive viewpoint of the treasury. Unofficial guides will try to take you up there from the treasury in 5 minutes, up a sketchy rocky path. There is no need to do this unless you are time limited. The official path takes around 40 minutes each way and is free.
We then rejoined the main path and hiked to the monastery – not to be missed. On the way down we stopped by the Lion’s cave.
On our return Petra had emptied out, it was almost 7pm (closing time) and most tourists had left. The unofficial guides had also calmed down. This was our favourite time of the day, the temperature was cooler and the crowds fewer.
- The official guides cost 50 JD for 2.5 hours. We opted to explore ourselves as it was extremely hot and we wanted to go at our own pace.
- Lots of unofficial guides will try to show you the ’best viewpoints’. We would recommend not being sucked in as you’ll be able to find them easily yourself. If you go past the tombs and take a signposted route to the right you’ll eventually reach an incredible view of the treasury from above.
- Avoid the camel, donkey and horse rides, guides claim they are free but will take money from you. Plus some of the animals look a bit worse for wear with their owners hitting them and pushing them past their limits. One horse tried to knock his owner off in a bid to escape.
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Students come from all over the world to connect to diverse ideas, cultures, and ways of life at The George Washington University. And, our Sustainability Minor is one impactful way that students can engage their diverse backgrounds in order to examine the critical, all-encompassing sustainability issues that affect us all — and create dynamic solutions as a result.
But how do our students transform their passionate curiosity into an actionable force for good? Students begin their journey with Introduction to Sustainability, a team-taught course that equips students with a foundation in global sustainability principles and worldview. It’s here that students are encouraged to ask fundamental questions, learn about the major thought leaders in sustainability, and engage with the policies that are transitioning the world into a greener future. From here, the Sustainability Minor launches students of all academic backgrounds to build on their academic foundation by further examining sustainability through the lenses of ecosystems, economies, communities, and practices in subsequent classes.
Ultimately, all this leads up to a capstone experience, which provides students with a practical application of what they’ve learned through a semester-long research, service, and/or internship project. Through impactful experiences, students learn to consider the competing perspectives of stakeholders, the unintended consequences of decisions, and how action at different levels and scales will affect people, planet, and profit. Ultimately, students will gain the tools necessary to create healthy and equitable systems for all.
So, why choose Sustainability as your minor? First, our program is formatted to fit around your major of choice. Whether you’re in engineering, business, international affairs or otherwise, our classes build upon requirements needed for your major.
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Most institutions developing online programs have it all wrong—here’s how to do it right Copy
Jan 26, 2018
Most institutions developing online programs have it all wrong—here’s how to do it right
By Furqan Nazeeri, Partner, ExtensionEngine
January 22nd, 2018
Most higher education institutions developing online courses and programs have it all wrong. Every day, we speak to universities that are looking to launch new online-learning initiatives, and many of these conversations start with the same question: “How do we put these courses online?”
By asking a few initial questions of our own, we’ve found that most institutions tend to anchor their thinking to their existing on-campus courses. This approach is limiting at best, and a recipe for mediocrity in many cases. Instead of thinking about your new online initiative—whether it’s a single course or an entire degree program—as a generic rework of your on-campus courses, we recommend thinking of it as an entirely new educational experience. A new product. One that demands that you carefully evaluate all your requirements and ensure the program is designed specifically with your target audience of current students and prospective students in mind.
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US attorney general William Barr said on Tuesday, 1 December, said that the Justice Department has not uncovered evidence of widespread voter fraud that would change the outcome of the 2020 presidential election.
William said, despite President Donald Trump’s repeated claims that the election was stolen, and his refusal to concede his loss to President-Elect Joe Biden.
According to BBC, William said US attorneys and FBI agents have been working to follow up specific complaints and information they have received, but they have uncovered no evidence that would change the outcome of the election.
To date, we have not seen fraud on a scale that could have affected a different outcome in the election,” William said.
The comments are especially direct coming from William, who has been one of the president’s most ardent allies. Before the election, he had repeatedly raised the notion that mail-in votes could be especially vulnerable to fraud during the coronavirus pandemic as Americans feared going to the polls and instead chose to vote by mail.
Last month, William issued a directive to US attorneys across the country allowing them to pursue any substantial allegations of voting irregularities before the 2020 presidential election was certified, despite no evidence at that time of widespread fraud.
That memorandum gave prosecutors the ability to go around long-standing justice department policy that normally would prohibit such overt actions before the election was certified. Soon after it was issued, the department’s top elections crime official announced he would step aside from that position because of the memo.
The Trump campaign team led by Rudy Giuliani has been alleging a widespread conspiracy by Democrats to dump millions of illegal votes into the system with no evidence.
They have filed multiple lawsuits in battleground states alleging that partisan poll watchers did not have a clear enough view at polling sites in some locations and therefore something illegal must have happened.
The claims have been repeatedly dismissed including by Republican judges who have ruled the suits lacked evidence, though local Republicans in some battleground states have followed Trump in making similar unsupported claims.
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Deep red coloring, flavorful seeds, and a distinctive bulb shape. Pomegranates are easy to pick out when browsing the produce section, but are they worth adding to your cart? Interest in this juicy fruit has intensified in recent years as more information about its benefits has come to light. Pomegranates are worth adding to your diet for many reasons.
A Solid Source of Essential Nutrients
Pomegranates provide dieters with a delicious way to get several essential nutrients. A typical four inch pomegranate contains half of the vitamin C an average person needs in a day. It also provides almost half the daily requirement of fiber. Regular consumption of this fruit will therefore lead to a stronger immune system and a healthier digestive tract. Eating a whole pomegranate will provide you with more calories than other fruit, but the nutrients you get in return make it worth it.
It may be tempting to reach for a glass of pomegranate juice instead of the fruit itself. While this juice is delicious, it also lacks many of the nutrients you can get from eating the seeds whole. On the other hand, pomegranate juice has benefits of its own outside of what it can offer nutritionally.
It May Help Reduce Heart Disease
Recent research is starting to show a connection between the consumption of pomegranate juice and the reduction of factors that promote heart disease. Research done on mice has shown that the juice can help lower “bad” LDL cholesterol levels. A limited study performed on people who have high blood pressure showed that pomegranate juice can lower blood pressure.
This research is exciting, but it is also ongoing. Be wary of marketers who sell their brand of juice as a cure for all health problems. Pomegranate juice certainly has its benefits, but more research is needed before anyone can say for sure exactly what it does.
A Way to Improve Your Skin
Eating pomegranates may help clear up acne-prone skin. Digestive problems are a common cause of acne breakouts. Pomegranates can help address these issues through its fiber content. This fruit is also a good source of iron, a nutrient that can help your blood carry more oxygen to skin cells, giving you skin that looks fresh and smooth.
A 2008 study published by the Department of Nutrition and Food Science at Texas A&M University shows evidence that pomegranates can help repair skin that has been damaged by exposure to the sun. Pomegranate juice helps to prolong the life of fibroblasts, which are the cells that help keep your skin smooth and elastic. While it cannot erase time, it can help to improve the way your skin looks.
An Easy to Prepare Snack
Eating healthy can often take more time and effort than dieters are willing to give. Pomegranates make a great healthy snack because they can be prepared quickly and eaten over a long period of time.
To prepare a pomegranate for consumption, cut the fruit in four quarters. Hold a quarter in the palm of your hand, fruit side facing down. Put a bowl underneath. Take a wooden spoon and rap it firmly on the top of the fruit. The force of the spoon will cause the seeds to fall out into your hand and the bowl below. Repeat this process for the rest of the quarters. The seeds can be eaten immediately or stored in a sealed container and refrigerated for up to two months.
A Delicious Addition to Many Foods
Pomegranates have many benefits, but the best thing about this fruit is it is absolutely delicious. The seeds are juicy and sweet, with just a hint of tartness to make the taste more interesting. Pomegranate seeds can be easily added to any salad, but they taste especially good in fruit salads. They can also be made into a cranberry-like sauce, making them a perfect complement to holiday meals. Add them to rice, roasted vegetables, and even stuffing for a unique and festive flavor.
Pomegranates are a fruit that deserve their current popularity. As research continues, more of their benefits are becoming apparent. Whether as a healthy snack or a unique addition to a classic dish, pomegranates deserve a place in your regular diet.
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Historically, most brands were marketed on performance characteristics such as “our toothpaste is better than your toothpaste.” They positioned themselves as “better at whitening teeth, preventing cavities, or giving you fresh breath.”
Positioning is not sufficient anymore in our highly competitive markets today. You should consider marketing to millennials, who comprise one of today’s most influential demographic groups. Millennials expect brands to be innovative and provide an exceptional customer experience. Millennials live in a society surrounded by constant problems – air pollution from cars, bad drinking water, and lack of social inclusion. More and more people want companies to care about their communities and our world. There is a growing desire for jobs that have a more significant meaning than profit-making
The Body Shop was among the first companies to broadcast its ethical values and beliefs. The founder and CEO of The Body Shop, Anita Roddick, was not only interested in making excellent skin care products, but she also cared about animal rights, civil rights, fair trade, and environmental protection. Many Body Shop clients said they were mainly interested in the products, but many more approved of her activism and often gathered together to march for the cause they shared.
What Is Brand Activism?
Brands are becoming more vocal about their beliefs. They are reaching out to customers and sharing stories about how they care about other people and the environment. These brands can gain loyal followers and advocates by creating authentic relationships with customers.
In recent years, we’ve seen a rise in brand activism. Brands are becoming increasingly aware of their responsibility towards society and the environment. They’re taking action to create positive change and using social media platforms to spread awareness and encourage others to get involved too.
In their book titled “Brand Activism: From Purpose To Action,” Philip Kotler and Christian Sarkar define brand activism in the following manner:
“Brand Activism consists of businesses’ efforts to promote, impede or direct social, political economic or environmental reform or stasis, with the desire to promote, impede or drive improvements in society; it’s driven by a fundamental concern about the biggest and most urgent issues facing society.”
Brand activism uses social media platforms to express opinions or ideas about social and political issues. This type of marketing has become extremely popular over the last couple of decades because consumers want to see their favorite brands stand up for the causes they believe in.
Brand activism includes business efforts to promote, hinder, or immediate social, economic, and environmental reforms or stasis to promote or impede societal improvements.
This brand activism is a natural evolution beyond the values-driven Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) programs that are, frankly, too slow. Brand activism is also a step beyond purpose – why does the business exist – because it is directed towards the common good.
Examples of Brand Activism
Many examples of brand activism are happening today, but here are three of my favorites.
#1 Unilever’s Sustainable Living Plan
Unilever has been working hard to reduce plastic waste since 2010. They created a new sustainable living plan to reduce packaging and increase recycling rates. Their #PlasticFree campaign encourages us to think carefully before buying single-use plastics.
They’ve introduced a range of reusable bottles and cups, including ones made out of bamboo. And they’re encouraging us to recycle more by offering discounts if we bring back empty containers.
#2 Nike’s Fueled By Voices Program
Nike launched the Fueled By Voices program in 2016. It aims to inspire young athletes to achieve their goals by providing them with opportunities to share their stories online.
Through the program, Nike connects kids with sports coaches and mentors who want to support them. These coaches and mentors then write inspirational messages on shoes sold under the Nike umbrella.
#3 Coca-Cola’s Fair Trade Campaign
Coca-Cola recently announced that it would begin selling fair trade drinks in Europe. Many big brands, such as Starbucks and Ben & Jerry’s, have already started doing this. But Coke was the first major company to do this.
Their fair trade initiative means that farmers are paid fairly for their crops, and communities benefit from increased economic stability.
#4 Patagonia’s Conservation Ethics
Patagonia is committed to conserving the environment. Patagonia wants people to use and reuse their clothes and eventually give them away to someone else who needs them.
They promote a short film on their site about one of America’s last wild areas and the people who live there. Alaskan Native people have depended on caribou migrating through the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge for hundreds of generations.
As the traditional culture of the Gwich’in people continues to be threatened by oil extraction and global warming, women are fighting to protect their land and future.
Why Is Brand Activism so Essential?
In the early 2000s, millennials and Gen Z influenced more businesses to support social causes. Both generations are heavily engaged in the digital world, publicizing social issues through the internet. Brands can show their social responsibility by supporting social causes through social media. Companies can use Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook to stand in solidarity for a reason. Still, they can also use their influence and reach to educate consumers about why an issue is relevant and vital to them.
Brand activism can affect company consumption as well. Consumers tend to support brands that support similar issues to their own. Brand activism can come in many forms, including advertising campaigns, celebrity endorsements, nonprofit partnerships, or public donations.
Making Sense of Brand Activism
Which domains of categories fall under the umbrella of brand activism?
We identify six areas where we can find similarities among all:
- Social activism involves areas such as equality – including gender, sexual orientation, race, age, religion, etc. It also includes societal issues like education, school funding, and others.
- Legal activism involves the study of the laws and policies that affect companies, including tax, workplace, and employee relations laws.
- Business activism is about business – how businesses are organized, how they make money, how they treat their workers, how they deal with unions, etc.
- Economic activism may include policies such as minimum wage and taxation that affect income inequality and the redistribution of financial resources.
- Political activism covers lobbying and voting rights.
- Environmental activism deals with protecting the environment, land use, air, and water pollution law, and policy.
Should Your Brand Become An Activist?
Brands have always had a responsibility to give back to society. Still, they are taking it a step further by actively promoting essential issues through social media, communication, and policy or programs. The idea behind brand activism is that consumers want to support businesses that share their values. So there are good and wrong reasons for making your brand an activist. On the good side, you and your people believe in a cause and want to put the economic power of your brand behind it.
On the other side of the range, you might decide to transform your brand into an activist one because your target group has an affinity with a specific cause. In this case, the peril is that lack of authenticity could derail your brand efforts with those consumers, and in general, there is a risk of a PR disaster on the horizon.
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No, that would knock the sponsor’s neon signs off the sides, and that would never do because today’s blimps are nothing but flying billboards. Instead, they use a clever system of swapping helium and air back and forth.
The blimp is, as you’ve noted, essentially a big rubber bag full of helium. The contraption floats in the air because the whole thing, helium, rubber bag, gondola, engine, crew, and joyriding local politicians, together weigh less than an equal volume of air.
On a hot day with the sun beating down on it, there can be quite a pressure buildup, tending to make the helium expand. But they can’t just vent all that expensive helium out into the air. Moreover, what would they do when the bag cools and they need more helium to keep it, from looking like a flying prune?
There is a small, separate bag of air inside the big bag of helium, like an air balloon inside a helium balloon. They are arranged so that when the helium expands, it just pushes some cheap, old air out of the ship.
And when the helium contracts, they make up for the shrinkage by blowing more air into the inner bag. Or else they get the politicians to make speeches into it.
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24a. Playtime: Phonotactics VI: Phonotactic Games
Probably one of the best ¡V or at least most fun ¡V ways to really get a feel for English phonotactic patterns is through word games. Language is something we all use constantly, and we all love to play with it. Here is a selection of English phonotactic games you can learn and play over the Internet; some are available as freeware that you can download and play offline. Most started out as pencil-and-paper or board games, and you can of course still play them the traditional way too!
You can warm up with some easy word games from Free Dictionary:
This is often one of the first word guessing games an English-speaking child learns to play. You are given a number of blanks, each representing one letter of a word. You simply guess letters, one at a time. If you guess a letter that is found in the word, the letter is filled into the correct blank. If you guess wrong, one line is added to a picture of a stick figure being hanged on a gallows. The object of the game is to guess all the letters of the word before your man is hanged! There are many online 'hangman' games available for you to choose from. Try a couple out and play the one(s) that suit you best.
Here's a very easy children's version to start with:
This site allows you to choose the
level of difficulty you prefer:
This one has rather unusual words; you may want to 'cheat' with the pattern match tools from the preceding pages. This will give you practice in how to use them.
You can use Google to find more versions of "Hangman".
Hangman was made into an extremely popular television game show in the US called "Wheel of Fortune". Click on the link to play an online version. Spin the wheel to determine how much 'money' you'll win per letter if you guess a correct letter, then guess a consonant. If you want to guess a vowel, you have to 'buy' it with some of your winnings. (Think about why they added this rule.) In contrast to the TV version, you must guess all the letters, and cannot solve the puzzle directly. Be careful ¡V this can be addictive!
Think for a minute about some of the strategies you use to play 'Hangman' type games, such as knowledge about letter and phoneme frequencies; clues from the number of letters in the word, and from the position of each letter; knowledge of phonotactics, i.e. which sounds may follow each other; also, high-frequency function words in phrases, like the and and, are often quite easy to guess. You must of course also use your common-sense knowledge of the world.
On to the next game.
In this game you are given a grid of randomly generated letters. Your object is to connect adjacent letters to form as many words as possible in the allotted time. Each word must be at least four letters in length. This game tests your ability to recognize potential and actual words.
Here is a game called "Eight Letters in Search of a Word". Form as many words as you can of three letters or more during the time allotted, trying extra hard to use all eight to form a single word. You will move to the next level if you do well. Compare your score with others when you're done, if you're feeling competitive!
This game is better known as "Boggle". Here is an online version:
And here is the place to cheat when playing Boggle¡Vthe Boggle/Wordracer solver! Another useful phonotactic tool, though it does pretty much the same thing that the other tools do (links below).
This is a classic funny-page game.You must unscramble four words, then arrange the circled letters in your answers into a word or words to answer a riddle suggested by a captioned cartoon. A timer will clock how fast you solve the whole puzzle. The scrambled word may mislead you by suggesting a 'dead end' phonotactic pattern, e.g. when you see goynex you may think it is a word that starts with ex-, or ends with -gony like agony, while the answer is a quite common word with a very different structure: oxygen. This game can be addictive ¡V fortunately only one puzzle is available per day (though you can also play a few days' worth of archived puzzles!). Hints offered if you get too frustrated! This one will give you lots of practical experience with English phonotactics!
From the site: Clockwords is a hectic word game set in Victorian London. You are a genius inventor who discovers plans for a mysterious machine that runs on the power of language. Then your lab is infiltrated by mechanical insects that have come to steal your secrets!
You must think and type quickly to fend off the invaders. To destroy the bugs, you need to collect powerful letters. Some letters can be combined to increase their power. (Thanks to Tony Tsou for this link - and he warns that this games is highly addictive!)
This game was invented by Lewis Carroll (his real name was Charles L. Dodgson), author of Alice in Wonderland. Dodgson originally called this game "Doublets", but it is also known as "Laddergrams", "Stepwords", "Word Chains", "Transitions", "Transformations", and 'Trickledowns'. In this game you change one word into a very different-looking word by replacing just one letter in the first word at a time. At each step the letter change must result in a real English word. Here are two simple examples, going from CAT to MEN and RED to SIT:
Here are some easy "Word Ladder" games to get you started:
Here are some more "Word Ladder" puzzles, with solutions:
You can find more Word Ladders as well as a large selection of other word games on this page:
Here's a more difficult
game: you have to guess the five-letter word the computer has
'in mind'. No letter may be repeated. The computer will give
you a '0' for every letter you guess right, and an 'X' if you
guess the correct letter and have it in the correct place¡Vbut
it won't tell you which letter(s)! If you get no
letters right, a '-' will be displayed. This is tough¡Vbut
not impossible, and it's fun! (I got 'quota' in 14
guesses! Writing down the letters you're sure the word does
and doesn't have as you go along will save guesses.)
Here are some crossword puzzles to challenge you:
This is the classic crossword board game. Start by reading over the official rules, so you know how to play:
When you're ready, you
can play the online Scrabble knock-off, written by programmers
in India, called "Lexulous" (formerly "Scrabulous"). You do
need to register to use the site, but it is safe ¡X and it's
addictive. See if you can beat the "robot" at the solitaire
version. See the site for other playing options, e.g. playing
with others online (some are real experts ¡X be ready!):
In theory, it's against the rules to check a dictionary before putting down a word in Scrabble, but one of the big benefits of the game, when you're not playing competitively, is the sheer thrill of learning new words. The following tools will help you do just that by suggesting words that use as many of the letters on your rack as possible.
Andy's anagram solver:
This is good, and easy to use; the one drawback for Scrabble players is that it only gives you words that use up all the letters you input. So you may have to let it form more than one word to get more choices.
Also extremely useful for any kind of word work is the OneLook online dictionary. It provides links to the word you want in all the online dictionaries it can find that have the word. You can also use a wildcard, e.g. *nd means "any word that ends with -nd"; ?er? means "all four-letter words that start and end with any letter and have "-er- in the middle". Remember that ? represents a single letter and * represents an unlimited number of letters. You can narrow your search to "Common words only"; otherwise you will get a lot of proper nouns and acronyms, neither of which is allowed in Scrabble.
This resource is so useful it's a good idea to add a link to it in your browser toolbar, so you can get there with a single click.
Free Dictionary has some word puzzle solving tools here.
Here are further Scrabble resources and puzzle-solving tools if you need more help.
If you find yourself still craving for more, there are lots more fun and instructive phonotactic word games to explore, many online ¡V do a Google search of 'word games' and see what you come up with! Or go on to the next page, which mixes the rather straightlaced issue of phonetic timing with some musical silliness!
Next: Playtime: Phonotactics VII: Phonetic timing and a parody of "That's Amore"
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Planning climate action in 5 steps
- Setup is where you enter basic data about the overall situation in your city and specific sectoral profiles. This information is then used repeatedly throughout CURB to help make different calculations.
- Inventory converts the information provided in the Setup module into estimates of which sectors create the greatest energy demand and GHG emissions and how this situation may change over time. You also have the option to set future reduction performance targets against which progress can be measured.
- Context allows you to understand the drivers of emissions and energy demand in your city. You can also compare your city with other cities across a range of key performance indicators.
- Actions is the heart of the tool. This module allows you to select which sectors you would like to target based on: a) your city’s authority to take action in each sector and b) a rapid assessment of the maximum impact potential and implementation feasibility of every intervention in CURB. This is intended to help users decide which interventions are worthy of further exploration. Users are then given the opportunity to craft a scenario, customizing and bundling different interventions into a comprehensive plan. Detailed cost and impact assessments are calculated based on information you provide about the anticipated deployment level of each intervention. At any time, you may go back and change the options which you have selected, either to drop or add interventions or to change the anticipated deployment rate that will ultimately be achieved.
- Results shows you the combined impact of your selected interventions on urban GHG emissions, local energy demand, and spending levels. In this module, you will also see how successful different scenarios are in delivering your emission or energy demand reduction targets.
What training is available for CURB?
The CURB team is available to provide trainings and technical support upon request. Please email email@example.com for more information.
Available online resources include:
How and where is CURB being used?
CURB is being used by cities globally in a number of ways including for the following purposes:
- Developing city climate action plans
- Evaluating vendor bid proposals to assess the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly plans
- Prioritizing investments within a particular sector or across multiple sectors
- Understanding realistic energy-use or emissions targets for the city
- Creating and optimizing plans based on cost constraints, energy-use objectives, or emissions targets
Cities where CURB is being used include:
- Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Quito, Ecuador
- India (multiple cities)
- Johannesburg, South Africa
- Bangkok, Thailand
How can I access CURB?
Please register to download the tool at this link and refer to the public license here. Provide any feedback you may have to improve the tool via this form and email firstname.lastname@example.org with remaining questions you may have.
How was CURB developed?
CURB: Climate Action for Urban Sustainability was developed by the World Bank in partnership with AECOM Consulting, Bloomberg Philanthropies and the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group. The tool has benefited from an advisory committee of more than 30 World Bank staff and technical experts from private consultancies and civil society organizations who provided feedback at critical points throughout the design process.
The CURB team thanks data partners including the International Energy Agency, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and The International Council on Clean Transportation.
Financial resources for this project were generously provided by the World Bank Group, Bloomberg Philanthropies, and the Children’s Investment Fund Foundation.
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Consider ways to expand your coverage
Written by Evan Blackwell, CJE
When your yearbook staff got organized for this year and mapped out the coverage for this year’s book, hopefully you set out a plan for what you wanted to cover and how you planned to cover it.
Now about halfway through the school year, you can see how that plan is coming together. In the “Coverage: The Heart of the Yearbook” unit of Walsworth’s Yearbook Suite curriculum, author Jim Jordan outlined how there are a variety of secondary coverage elements that allow you to go beyond the basics and provide a richer experience for your readers.
Are you using secondary coverage packages in your book? Take a look at this sampling of secondary coverage examples from the Coverage unit:
- Q&A – The question-and-answer format is perhaps the easiest and most popular secondary coverage element. All you need to do is develop strong questions that relate to your spread topic that will give you great information from a wide variety of your student population. It also is an easy way to involve a member of your staff. Each staff member can be required to go out and record several responses daily.
- Quotable quotes – Staff members gather these quotes overheard daily on campus from students. Sometimes, quotes overheard on television and in news stories may be included if they have been heard by a number of students or they are part of the local or national culture.
- Quizzes – Quizzes are a way to add humor. Topics like, “How to know if you are a freshman” that are followed by a series of questions and then specific responses are given point values that put the reader into a specific category. There also can be a serious application.
- Timelines – Use timelines to show how specific events about one topic relate. They are sometimes used as divider pages in chronological books.
What are some examples of secondary coverage that you have used in your book? Share them in the Comments below.
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Mercedes-Benz 300 SL is a two-seater sports car that was manufactured by Mercedes-Benz between 1954 and 1963. Initially it was produced with a coupe body, being released in a convertible version in 1957.
The 300 SL coupe became known as the 300 SL Gullwing (gullwing) due to its striking doors that, fixed to the roof, open vertically. It was also one of the first supercars made in history. At the time of its release it was the fastest production car in history.
Only 1400 coupes were made (from 1954 to 1957) and 1858 convertibles (from 1957 to 1963). Today, in the vintage market, it is one of the most desired cars, usually selling between 1 and 2 million dollars.
Photo credits: Author (taken at the Mercedes Museum – 2019)
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When taking travel photos, sometimes all you need is to focus on one item. Check out this guest post by travel photographer Ralph Velasco, who shows us how to experiment with the power of one with our photographs.
Guest post by Ralph Velasco, travel photographer
Some of my favorite shots, whether my own or those of other photographers that I admire, have a single point of interest.
This man-made or natural subject gives the viewer a very definite part of the scene to focus in on, and will often provide a much needed “sense of scale.” Providing a sense of scale is accomplished when a known object, such as a person, tree or bus, is included in the image so that our brains can immediately form an impression of the overall scene and accurately calculate its size.
Note the yellow bus and how it gives scope to this scene near Portillo, Chile.
The man in this image is on top of Mesa Arch, in Canyonlands National Park in Utah, and his presence provides a much needed sense of scale. Without him it would be difficult for a person not familiar with this location to get a feel for how large or small this natural formation really is. Certainly, a true landscape photographer would cringe at the idea of a person like this in his or her photograph, but for my taste, it’s what makes the photograph all the more interesting.
The man on the arch gives a sense of scale to the scene.
When I first noticed this beautiful winter scene in Salzburg, Austria, the bridge was empty of people, and so the photo opportunity didn’t interest me. However, I recognized it as a good potential background if I just had the proper subject to include. It wasn’t until this mysteriously silhouetted man with an umbrella entered the scene that I really took notice. And the fact that he’s walking into the scene from right to left works well, too. I usually prefer my subject entering the scene as opposed to moving out of the frame, but that’s a topic for another post.
The man walking across this bridge in Salzburg, Austria, provides interest to the image.
Be sure to take advantage of the power of one in your images. The subject should provide interest, a point of focus for your viewers to hone in on, and more often than not, a much needed sense of scale that will potentially make a snapshot a great shot.
About the Author: Ralph Velasco is an award-winning travel photography instructor and international tour guide who has photographed in more than forty countries on six continents. He’s just released his first app for iPhone and iPod touch called My Shot Lists for Travel and is the author of “Ralph Velasco On Travel Photography: 101 Tips for Developing Your Photographic Eye & More.” Ralph has led cultural photo tours to Egypt, Eastern Europe, and throughout the United States. For the past two years he was awarded “Open Photographer of the Year” by the Professional Photographers of Orange County and he belongs to the exclusive Circumnavigators Club, a group of travelers whose charter requires that its members have traveled around the world, in a single journey, having crossed every one of earth’s meridians. You can follow his blog at RalphVelasco.com.
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What is ice damming?
As we all know, Colorado has fickle weather patterns during the winter and spring months. One day it will be 67 degrees, and the next, a foot of snow will descend upon us. When the snow melts and freezes and melts and freezes above the gutters on our homes, this causes an ice dam. The beautiful icicles on the sides of your home look pretty … until the ice goes up under the shingles and causes massive leaking and damage to your home. Yikes!
How do you know if you have an ice dam?
A few different signs can point to an ice dam issue:
Snow is melting high up on your roof but not on the lower part
Icicles form on the edge of your roof and gutters
Gutters are not draining
Ice is on your exterior walls
Interior water damage from water seeping into your home
What prevents an ice dam?
There is an amazing product out there called Ice and Water Shield. Celtic Roofing applies it to EVERY roof we install, thus preventing ice dam issues. Ice and Water Shield is applied before the shingles to the plywood and nails, instantly bonding them together and creating a completely watertight seal. It must be applied 36 inches up from the edge of the roof, or two feet from the heated wall in order to prevent an ice dam situation.
Some cities do require Ice and Water Shield as a code requirement, but not all cities. Celtic Roofing applies it to EVERY roof we install, whether that particular city requires it or not. We stand behind our work, and will always go above (pun intended) and beyond to ensure the highest quality products are used to protect your home.
So enjoy the beauty of Colorado’s winters and springs without worry that the ever-changing weather will have a negative impact on your family’s home.
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Below are resources for psychiatrists advocating for Medicaid payment for the Collaborative Care Model. This includes:
- Overview of the Collaborative Care Model
- Talking points to use when speaking with payers
- Funding streams available for implementation, including states with 1115 waivers
- Examples of states implementing the model through legislation and Medicaid waivers, and
- Additional resources about the Collaborative Care Model
Understanding the Collaborative Care Model
Over the past decade, the integration of behavioral health and general medical services has been shown to improve patient outcomes, save money, and reduce stigma related to mental health. Significant research spanning three decades has identified one model — the Collaborative Care Model — in particular, as being effective and efficient in delivering integrated care. Below are handouts to share with an overview of the model, as well as information about billing codes that have been developed to receiving payment for services provided through the model.
- One Pager – Collaborative Care Model for Mental Health (.pdf)
- Rigorous Research Meets Real World Success – Collaborative Care Model for Mental Health (.pdf)
- Integration of Mental Health Into Primary Care: The Collaborative Care Model (Available to APA Members )
However, successfully expanding use of the model depends on appropriate reimbursement for services related to care management and psychiatric consultation, and infrastructure support for staffing changes and implementation of data tracking tools. New CPT codes are available to submit for reimbursement under those plans, such as Medicare, that provide coverage. FQHCs and RHCs can also receive reimbursement using specific HCPCS codes.
Adopting the Psychiatric Collaborative Care Management Codes
Primary care practices that are providing collaborative care services can now bill for those services using CPT® codes for Psychiatric collaborative care management services (99492, 99493, 99494). Medicare, and some commercial payers, and Medicaid plans are also providing coverage — check the local coverage policies in your area to determine coverage. Federally Qualified Health Centers and Rural Health Clinics can bill for these services using HCPCS code G0512 (for the initial 70 minute or subsequent 60 minute visits).
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has provided a fact sheet and a short list of FAQs that describe CoCM services and their associated billing requirements as well as provides a information on a brief care management service, General behavioral health integration care management (99484). They have classified all of these as Behavioral Health Integration (BHI) services on their care management site: Care Management – Behavioral Health Integration.
Talking Points: Advocating for the Collaborative Care Model with Payers
- One in five Americans experienced mental illness in the past year. 1
- Mental health and substance use disorders (MH/SUD) are often chronic conditions that people experience with other health conditions, such as heart disease and diabetes.
- Yet, only 25 percent of patients receive effective mental health care, including in primary care settings, where the majority of patients with MH/SUD receive their usual care.2
- Better care coordination via integration of mental health and primary care has been shown to improve patient access, outcomes, and reduce costs.
- Three decades of research and over 80 randomized controlled trials (RCT) have identified one model in particular — the Collaborative Care Model — as being effective and efficient in delivering integrated care.3
- In the Collaborative Care Model, a primary care physician treating patients’ behavioral health problems leads a team that consists of a behavioral health care manager and psychiatric consultant.
- It is estimated that $26 – $48 billion could be saved annually through effective integration of mental health and other medical care.4
We urge you to support coverage and reimbursement for the Collaborative Care Model as approved in the 2018 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule.
- Department of Health and Human Services. “Mental Health Myths and Facts.” http://www.mentalhealth.gov/basics/myths-facts/
- Unützer J et al. “The Collaborative Care Model: An Approach for Integrating Physical and Mental Health Care in Medicaid Health Homes.” Health Home Information Resource Center Brief. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. May 2013.
- Advancing Integrated Mental Health Solutions (AIMS) Center. “Evidence Base.” https://aims.uw.edu/collaborative-care/evidence-base
- Milliman, Inc. “Economic Impact of Integrated Medical-Behavioral Healthcare. Implications for Psychiatry.” April 2014.
Funding Opportunities Available to Support Integrated Care
This section provides background information for speaking with your state officials about what funding opportunities may be available to incorporate the Collaborative Care Model into existing or future efforts.
Increasingly more states are reforming their Medicaid programs and working to integrate behavioral health services (including mental health and substance use disorder services) with general medical care through Medicaid waivers and funding streams available from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Innovation Center.
Below is a list of funding streams available that may be used to integrate services, including by implementing the Collaborative Care Model. We’ve also included a chart of certain states approved for an 1115 waiver, which states may use to test new or existing ways to deliver and pay for health care services in Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program.
- View federal funding streams available for integrated care (.pdf)
- View states approved to use Section 1115 waivers (.pdf) (as of August 2017)
State Action on Collaborative Care
New York started implementing the Collaborative Care Model through a statewide grant in 2012. Following its success, the State turned on a Medicaid code to reimburse a limited number of practices in the model in 2015.
The Maryland legislature has shown interest in the Collaborative Care Model by requesting the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene examine the model as a way to better integrate the delivery of physical and behavioral health services.
Washington State has been implementing the Collaborative Care Model statewide since 2009.
During the 2016-2017 legislative session, House Bill 1272, Relating To Improving Access To Psychiatric Care for Medicaid Patients, was introduced in the Hawaii State Legislature to include Medicaid reimbursement for the Collaborative Care Model. The bill was approved by both the House and Senate but was stalled in the final days of the legislative session and not ultimately approved. Discussions are now underway with the State Medicaid office on the potential of implementing the model through the state’s 1115 waiver.
Introducing Legislation or Adopting Reimbursement Codes in Your State
Start a discussion with either members of your state legislature or Medicaid office on how to advance the use of the Collaborative Care Model. To begin discussions, draft legislation is available to use with your state legislature. Also available is draft waiver amendment language you may use to start a discussion with your Medicaid office to advocate for the Collaborative Care codes. Check our chart on 1115 waivers to see if your state has one.
- DRAFT Information – State Plan Amendment for 1115 Waiver (.pdf)
- Collaborative Care Legislation Draft for the States (.pdf)
- Free Training available in the Collaborative Care Model
- Full Report – Economic Impact of Integrated Medical-Behavioral Healthcare Implications for Psychiatry (.pdf)
- Summary – Economic Impact of Integrated Medical-Behavioral Healthcare: Implications for Psychiatry (.pdf)
- Dissemination of Integrated Care Within Adult Primary Care Settings: The Collaborative Care Model
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READER POST: The first religious value I remember being taught was obedience. Obedience to authority, to the priesthood, to adults, to parents, and to God. I learned about a God who tested His children. A God who gave and took at His mysterious will, according to a metric that made no sense from my mortal perspective.
He gave Abraham and Sarah a son, and then asked them to give up their child’s life in sacrifice…a test that only ended when He was confident Abraham would obey. I learned about Mary consenting to be the handmaid of the Lord and that it was an honor to be chosen to do so. I learned about a God that gave multiple wives to powerful men, who in turn gave children to their husbands. I learned about a God who commanded Emma to support her husband as he took more wives, and that she would face condemnation if she didn’t comply. I learned that (for at least one woman) the promised blessing of giving herself to the Prophet in marriage was exaltation, but the punishment for her refusal, a fiery sword.
I learned that I could not trust myself or my own thoughts and desires but that I should seek the constant companionship of a male Spirit to tell me what I should do. I learned that when a man in authority asks me about my chastity, I should answer his questions or face losing benefits of church membership, like temple access. I learned that failure to obey powerful men brings loss, stigma, and a sense of unworthiness.
And unfortunately for me, all of these lessons were learned in the context of being a survivor of child sexual abuse. I learned all these concepts and stories against the backdrop of having my agency, my body, and my sexuality sacrificed to the will of adult men “with authority over me,” as LDS often say.
Perhaps most frightening of all, I also learned that I should not refuse any request from an all-powerful male God. Whether it was as small as giving a talk or accepting a calling when asked, or as large as my career and life choices, obedience to the male God was the first law of heaven. Not my will, but His be done.
Now, take a moment to stand in a sexually traumatized girl’s shoes. Resolve yourself to perfect obedience to those bigger and stronger than you. Feel that trembling fear of a powerless child. Imagine that your life and your soul depend on perfect obedience.
And then, add in our unique doctrine that God, whom we must never disobey, has a physical body. A male body. Consider that I knew He would test me in personal ways that probably wouldn’t make sense to me. Remember that I was still a child, a victim, and afraid for good reason. Not only did I lack a healthy, adult perspective, I was given several scriptural and historical examples of females sacrificing their sexuality for God’s purposes.
My unavoidable conclusion was that God the Father was not safe for me.
If you are disturbed by my conclusion, then perhaps you can start to sense the darkness and fear of a mind formed by such grotesque, childhood trauma and sustained by teachings of strict patriarchal obedience. Because I had these severe wounds (through no fault of my own), I was incapable of seeking healing from a Father God.
How, under these circumstances, could I have submitted, with complete vulnerability, before His absolute power and authority?
I could not. I didn’t feel safe baring my wounded, naked soul before a God, with His male form. He was the last person I felt I could turn to with my wounds.
When I have had physical maladies, I’ve been given the option to request female nurses and doctors to tend to me. We understand that it is sometimes appropriate and necessary to allow a patient the option of requesting a caretaker of a particular gender. The option was given, and I exercised my agency.
When I was seeking therapy for my trauma, there were discussions around whether a female or male therapist would be helpful or detrimental to me. It was understood that trying to heal vulnerable experiences with someone who didn’t feel safe to me would be extremely counterproductive and re-traumatizing. The option was given, and I exercised my agency.
If we mortals, with our limited understanding, can recognize the necessity in providing gender specific care for our bodies and minds, why can’t we understand that sometimes we need gender specific care for our wounded souls? Why can’t you understand, my dear Brethren?
When I had finally done enough work to feel safe opening my soul to Father God, I was 32 years old. I vividly remember my first prayer without fear toward Him. It was profoundly beautiful. But it was also an impossible feat prior to that moment. I had lived 32 years without divine comfort.
Here is what I plead with you to understand: having a Mother God to connect with is not a lighthearted, froofy, feel good thing.The ability to pray to Heavenly Mother is not something superficial or unnecessary. One of your number recently taught us not to pray to Her, adding, “It’d be wonderful to sit back and make up all kinds of comforting doctrine [about Heavenly Mother], but Latter-day prophets are constrained to not do that.” Once again, another man in power and with authority imposes his will on me by denying me a relationship with my Mother God because he’s “constrained.” He matters. I do not.
Brethren, it is absolutely VITAL to those of us who have experienced gender specific trauma to be able to address the Heavenly Parent who is best able to heal us.
I lost years of potential healing and divine connection because I kept God at arms length. Remember, our earliest understanding of God usually comes from our early earthly experience with authority. For those who had loving parents, this is a beautiful thing. For those of us who did not, it is absolutely devastating. Having the option to pray to my Heavenly Mother could have saved me decades of loss, struggle, and pain. Can you not see that a feminine God would have been so much healthier for me in my situation? The simple act of changing a title could have eased the healing process tremendously. It could have prevented continual re-traumatization, feelings of worthlessness, and fear.
This is not a simple matter of doctrinal nicety. Knowing we have a Heavenly Mother while not being allowed to pray to her has the consequence of damming up the healing of so many of Her wounded children. Don’t cut off half of our connection to divine healing potential in the name of a technicality.
Let’s facilitate healing in every way we can, so that we can honor our covenants to mourn with those that mourn and to comfort those that stand in need of comfort. Let’s bind up the broken hearts and invite our Heavenly Mother in for that process. She is needed.
Kelsey Bileen is a lifelong member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, a mother of four, and a trauma survivor who describes herself as “mildly heretical.” She likes bunnies, the color blue, and collecting half-finished projects. She says she is new to knowing God’s Grace. The artwork featured below is her own.
NOTE: Guest submissions are received with appreciation and in general good faith. Although reasonable, respectful efforts are made to verify the content, ultimate and exclusive responsibility for published reader submissions rests with the post’s author. Sisters Quorum cannot guarantee the veracity of guest content.
The Sisters Quorum would appreciate hearing your stories. Feel free to leave a comment or see our Submissions page.
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While a reliable and affordable energy supply is vital for people living in rural Africa to power their homes and businesses, energy access alone is not enough to transform economies.
Rural energy programmes need to consider the social and economic context for each local area and build partnerships that give people access to finance, technology and markets.
We support renewable energy programmes that are tailored to local contexts, and, in doing so, aim to create 3,500 jobs, empowering 1,000 women and benefiting more than 11,000 rural households.
We will support well-designed programmes to succeed, encourage partnership working and unlock more investment in energy access.
The PREO Programme will provide several core offerings including to:
- provide grant support to 20 – 30 Action Learning Projects;
- provide partnership building services to bring various actors together for specific projects and programmes;
- provide enabling support to actors executing PUE-related initiatives and enterprise development in the form of a Technical Assistance facility;
- undertake a series of strategic market intelligence activities; and
- function as a Knowledge Hub that will act as a knowledge repository and promoter.
The PREO Programme is co-funded by UK aid from the UK Government, through the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office Transforming Energy Access (TEA) programme.
Transforming Energy Access (TEA) programme is supporting the development of innovative technologies, business models, partnerships and skills that will accelerate access to affordable, clean energy services for households and enterprises in developing countries. UK aid is providing up to £100 million ($130 million) through the TEA programme until 2024.
The IKEA Foundation works with strong strategic partners applying innovative approaches to achieve large-scale results. We are committed to helping families living in poverty afford a better everyday life while protecting the planet. We support programmes that promote new and unprecedented collaboration between businesses, civil society, governments and the many people.
The IKEA Foundation is co-funding the PREO Programme.
Founded in 2001, the Carbon Trust’s mission is to accelerate the delivery of a sustainable, low carbon economy by helping businesses, governments and organisations across the globe to reduce carbon emissions and increase resource efficiency.
ENERGY 4 IMPACT
Energy 4 Impact works with local businesses to extend access to energy in Africa, impacting the quality of life for millions of people. Growing sustainable clean energy markets improves livelihoods and accelerates economic growth.
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Written in EnglishRead online
Includes bibliographical references and index.
|Other titles||Decisions of the European Court of Justice and their constitutional implications|
|Series||Current EC legal developments series|
|LC Classifications||KD4015 .O539 1994|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||xxvii, 172 p. ;|
|Number of Pages||172|
|LC Control Number||95171694|
Download Decisions of the ECJ and their constitutional implications
Decisions of the European Court of Justice and their constitutional implications: Responsibility: Aidan O'Neill. constitutionalisation of EU law in order to fully capture the political impact of ECJ.
jurisprudence. Even if European judges are less activist than is often assumed and. individual decisions are more restrained in the face of member state opposition, incrementally, case law evolves in a highly expansive by: Judicial restraint vs expansive case law.
Recent quantitative studies have found significant effects of member state political signals on ECJ case law (Carrubba and Gabel Carrubba, Clifford J., and Matthew J.
Gabel (). International Courts and the Performance of International by: The European Court of Justice and its political impact Article (PDF Available) in West European Politics 40(5) March with Reads How we measure 'reads'.
First, the ECJ rules on the validity of secondary Community law. That classical function of a Constitutional Court is, however, incomplete. As Lord Justice Brennan. observed, foreign policy and security acts adopted under the second pillar, are ex- cluded from judicial review under Article 46 of the EU Size: 44KB.
THE EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE. Composition and Structure. The ECJ, to which the Court of First Instance (CFI) is attached, is the judicial. branch of the Community. It has been described by Shaw as “a heroin figure in the development of the EU”.
The ECJ, which sits in Luxembourg, now has 15 judges who are assisted by 9 Advocate-Generals (AGs). The European Court of Justice as a Constitutional Court. Legal Reasoning in a Comparative Perspective Giulio Itzcovich Abstract After having briefly presented some institutional aspects of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the present report analyses forty of its leading cases in order to.
And WTO Appellate Body decisions do not identify the author of the decisions. But their decisions are of higher quality than ECJ decisions in part because each Appellate Body decision has three—not thirteen—members that must sign off on the decision.
(Admittedly, some ECJ decisions are written with panels of three, but the quality still. T he most curious feature of the European court of justice (ECJ), the court of the European Union, is not that it is a political court, but rather that it has until very Decisions of the ECJ and their constitutional implications book been so.
Decisions of the ECJ and their constitutional implications book The Constitution limits the Court to dealing with "Cases" and "Controversies." John Jay, the first Chief Justice, clarified this restraint early in the Court's history by declining to advise President George Washington on the constitutional implications of a proposed foreign policy decision.
The European Union today stands on the brink of radical institutional and constitutional change. The most recent enlargement and proposed legal reforms reflect a commitment to democracy: stabilizing political life for citizens governed by new regimes, and constructing a European Union more accountable to.
The economic implications of the judgement could be even more profound. While the German court’s ruling concerns an older QE programme – the roughly € trillion worth of government debt.
Abstract. In Opinion 1/17, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) found the investment court system compatible with European Union (EU) law.
The ruling concerned the mechanism in the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) but the Court’s reasoning is equally applicable to other investment courts as established, for example, in the EU’s investment protection agreements with.
In a press release after the constitutional court’s judgment, the ECJ rightly responded that “the Court of Justice alone has jurisdiction to rule that an act of an EU institution is.
However, the German Constitutional Court has rarely turned to the European Court of Justice, which is why lawyers and law professors warn about a future judicial conflict between the two courts. On February 7,the German Constitutional Court referred its first and only case to the ECJ for a ruling on a European Central Bank program.
With one court decision, Germany may be plunging Europe into a constitutional crisis If you add fights over court power to money issues, coronavirus and. In a recent paper, Carrubba et al., having examined the ECJ rulings on some 3, legal questions rendered over an year period, claim that the decision-making of the European Court of Justice.
European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), European Court of Justice (ECJ) and their Interaction with Selected National Constitutional Courts from the Separation of Powers Perspective By Erik Kotlarik LL.M. Long Thesis Comparative Constitutional Law Program Professor: Renáta Uitz Central European University Budapest Nádor utca 9 Hungary.
This book assesses the influence of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) on the governance of the EU and concentrates on the following themes: the function of the ECJ as the Supreme Court of the Union; judicial independence; the protection of the individual in the EU legal order; the relationship between the ECJ and the other branches of government at national and Union level and the.
The European Court of Justice (ECJ), a supranational institution, is a part Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), and is the European Union’s supreme court in matters of EU law.
Founded in after the Treaty of Paris, the Luxembourg-based court ensures that EU law is interpreted and applied the same in every EU country, and. The ECB’s legal opponents condemn the side-effects of its ultra-loose monetary policy, including German savers earning nothing on their deposits, property prices soaring and “zombie.
The FCC of Germany has also rejected the primacy of decisions of the European Court of Justice (ECJ), over decisions of national courts, on the meaning of EU treaties. Section 2(4) provides that all statutes whether already enacted or yet to be enacted must be read and given effect to consistently with enforceable principles of EU law and Section 3(1) elevates decisions of the ECJ to binding precedents for all UK courts and tribunals.
Referring to decisions of the ECtHR and the ECJ, the complainant thoroughly discusses the case-law of the Federal Constitutional Court regarding space available in prison cells and substantiates that, and on what basis, it appears possible that the specific conditions envisaged for his detention in the receiving Member State violate the.
Germany's constitutional court has laid down the ground rules for controlling decisions by the EU top's court, an area that had been left unclear after a controversial ruling by Germany's highest judges on the Lisbon Treaty, the EU's new rule book.
Judicial decision-making in Europe is in deep trouble. The reason is to be found in the European Court of Justice (ECJ), whose justifications for depriving member states of their very own fundamental competences and interfering heavily in their legal systems are becoming increasingly astonishing.
Increasingly autocratic governments — such as those in Poland and Hungary — could use this decision, and violate E.U. law and ignore the ECJ. If the esteemed constitutional court of a robust. Constitutionalising an Overlapping Consensus: The ECJ and the Emergence of a Coordinate Constitutional Order Charles F.
Sabel and Oliver Gerstenberg* Abstract: The European Court of Justice’s (ECJ’s) jurisprudence of fundamental rights in cases such as Schmidberger and Omega extends the court’s jurisdiction in ways that. He said the issue causing tensions across the EU for almost 50 years with “nearly all national constitutional and supreme courts had been taking issue” with the ECJ’s insistence of the.
In a statement, the ECJ insisted it is the only legal body able to determine if an EU institution has violated the bloc’s law. The Luxembourg-based. Rule of law in UK at risk after Brexit, says former supreme court president This article is more than 2 years old Top legal figures point to ‘very real problem’ of UK judges facing political.
The ECJ and National Courts and Legislatures. Judicialization, the process by which legal argumentation is brought into the legislative process, is the consequence of the power of constitutional judges to affect legislative‐sphere decision‐making because their decisions can declare laws unconstitutional, sometimes even before the laws are promulgated.
Books. Articles. Webfiles. Abkürzungsverzeichnis. Abbildung in dieser Leseprobe nicht enthalten. 1 Introduction and purpose of the paper. A clarification of the conditions between the European Court of Justice (ECJ) and the Constitutional Courts of the Member States is of particular importance to ensure the effectiveness of the Community law.
Twenty-Five Landmark Cases in Supreme Court History Marbury v. Madison, “A law repugnant to the Constitution is void.” With these words, Chief Justice John Marshall established the Supreme Court’s role in the new government.
Hereafter, the Court was recognized as having the power to review all acts of Congress where constitutionality. In its Judgment of 14 DecemberConnexxion Taxi Services, C/15, EU:C, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has provided clarification on whether contracting authorities can decide to subject their decisions to exclude economic operators from procurement procedures to a proportionality assessment even where such assessment would deviate from the.
Policy Department C: Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs 8 Commission decision, which had refused disclosing the names of those who participated in a meeting in the course of infringement proceedings without their consent. In Sweden, the ECJ held that judicial activities are excluded from the scope of the right of access to.
Therefore, there is a conflict of competence between the ECJ and the Danish Supreme Court, 5 since the ECJ has ruled that EU law has primacy effect to national constitutional law (e.g. the Danish Constitution), cf.
ECJ case C/70, Internationale Handellsgesellschaft, para 3, and ECJ case C/11, Melloni, p which is contrary to the. This decision was in contravention of On May 5, in a landmark ruling, the German Constitutional Court declared the European Central Bank’s (ECB) bond-buying program as illegal.
German Constitutional Court Clashes with ECJ over ECB’s Bond-Buying Program - Young Bhartiya. Given the far-reaching implications of ECJ decisions, there is a strong case for the issues at stake not only to be scrutinized ex post, but also to be assessed ex ante.
And, to some extent, they are: EU member states and the European Commission can submit their written observations on pending cases (though the ECJ doesn't publish them). The German Constitutional Court is fighting a battle that effectively harms central bank independence, and this could have serious implications for the future of the Eurozone.
Aside from the battle of the judges, the German ruling has implications for a wide swathe of other EU institutions. The German Constitutional Court ruling (#BVerfG). Summary thread.If they rule that the scheme is permissible, the Court must also decide whether an opt-out system for political activities is constitutional.
Jonathan Stahl is an intern at the National Constitution Center. He is also a senior at the University of Pennsylvania, majoring in politics, philosophy and economics.
Recent Stories on Constitution Daily. The European Court of Justice (ECJ) has played an important role during the constitutionalization of the EU, hence the efforts of the ECJ require some attention (Guner, ).
The ECJ, with its special structure and self appointed powers, is able to be in close cooperation with citizens and lower courts in member states.
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Goals was a word that used to intimidate me. The definition given states a goal is: the object of a person’s ambition or effort; an aim or desired result. In my own head, a goal was a deadline-it was something you HAD to meet and it was CONCRETE. I’m not the best at planning life events ahead of time and trying to figure out goals used to make me feel like I needed to have my chaotic life better put together! Talk about pressure!
Recently, I began to see goals a little differently. I think of goals as being more like guidelines. They are the big dark outlines in a coloring book that form a picture. I can use whatever color I want to fill in the blank spaces, but, staying in the designated lines help see the picture. This, (and that picture of Jack Sparrow I always imagine) takes the intimidation, the expectation of being perfect, and the fear, out of setting goals.
Having guidelines in your life are important, they give you purpose-and in a gym setting I know I thrive when I have a purpose. New Years is the time of year people go full speed ahead with fitness and health goals but then they sputter out just as quickly…why?? Sometimes life happens, you get busy, the gym has too many people or my favorite (and I’ve done this) is not making goals/half-ass making goals. (Never half-ass anything, use your full ass!!!) Easy to say, but when it came to goal writing, I wasn’t doing a good job and would end up quitting or continuing the year with no sights in mind.
Here is where I am going to be that blog, for this time of year-aka New Year’s. It’s just the perfect time to bring up goal setting and how it’s done. Even when I believe you can set goals at ANY time during the 365 days we have in the year, now is the time when people are googling “how do I set a goal”…I know I did!
SMART stands for Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant and Timely. These are important aspects to a goal and hitting all of them can be is a little difficult and a tad bit overwhelming if you are new to the goal setting game.
For this little blog, I want to touch on the goals people will make that pertain to their health and fitness (because, well-its me and I eat, sleep, and breathe fitness.) So, I’ve laid out some of my best guidelines to help you this year! That doesn’t mean SMART goals with health and fitness in mind won’t aide you in your life goals that you may have, but it will help you practice!
1. Write it out! With any writing process, just start writing your thoughts down on paper and then sort that out later. Writing down what you are thinking about will get you closer to figuring out a SMART goal and it helps hold yourself accountable to that goal. Be sure you place this where you will see it daily (I know it sounds a little granola/yogi but it’s been proven that writing it down and having you goal visible will help you achieve it-check this article from Forbes here.)
2. If your goal is to ‘lose weight’ I want you to tell yourself how many actual pounds you want to lose. That sets your goal in your sights. Now, with this I also want you to pick a time frame and this will just be another guideline to help you in your journey. Here’s something I tell my clients (and myself): you didn’t gain that weight in 5 days so don’t expect to lose it in 5 days. Be gentle with yourself and also pick a time frame that works with your lifestyle. You can always build on these guidelines, especially if you surpass your original goal (Notice we definitely hit the Specific, Attainable and Timely part of SMART)
3. Now, if losing weight isn’t a goal and you need a more task driven goal for the gym-that’s also something we can work with! It will hit your Specific in SMART, just in a different way. You want to do a pull up? Give yourself three weeks to build up the strength and muscles used, but most importantly make sure you are doing things that help with your goal. If you set your sights on a non-assisted pull up, don’t build yourself a program that has you squatting three times a week and doing bicep curls! (We just touched on Relevant, y’all and this goal setting doesn’t seem too bad-right?!)
4. Re-evaluate your goals! Quarterly? Half way through the year? It doesn’t matter when, but you definitely need to. Life may throw you a curve ball, for example you change positions at work or you need to work different hours and travel more; you should look at your goals you’ve written and see what can change to help set yourself up for success. These goals you set aren’t CONCRETE (like I once told myself they were) and you should always help set yourself up for success!
Still feeling a little iffy on goal setting? My last tip, and one that I did. I made a list! It help me sort out in my mind all the thoughts jumbled up in there on what I wanted to accomplish in 2020. I’ve since gone back to my list and started to write out a more detailed version of the one-word goal I had listed. Goal setting can be as overwhelming as you allow it to be, like most things-if you just take a step back and revisit the basics, you can work through it.
Now, sit back with your favorite mug of coffee and start your New Year (or any of the 365-ish days we have in the year) and set some goals! I know I am…maybe after my third cup 😉
No artful bullshit ever and forever yours,
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In response to an instantaneous stimulus, such as occurs in the secondary coil on breaking the primary current, a muscle gives a momentary twitch or spasm, commonly spoken of as a single contraction, which is of so short duration, that without the graphic method of recording the motion we could not appreciate the phases which are seen in the curve.
The curve drawn on the recording surface of a pendulum myograph, by such a single contraction, is represented in Fig. 185. The short vertical stroke on the abscissa, or base line, is drawn by touching the lever when the muscle is in the uncontracted state, and indicates the time of stimulation. The upper curved line is drawn by the lever during the contraction of the muscle.
In such a curve the following stages are to be distinguished: -
1. A short period between the moment of stimulation and that at which the lever begins to rise, during which the muscle does not move. This is known as the latent period. In the skeletal muscles of the frog this period lasts nearly.01 sec.
2. A period during which the lever rises, at first slowly, then more quickly, then again slowly, until it ceases to rise. This stage has been called the period of rising energy. It lasts about.04 sec.
3. When the highest point is attained the lever commences to fall, at first slowly, then more quickly, and at last slowly.
Fig. 185. Curve drawn by a frog's gastrocnemius on the Pendulum Myograph; below is seen the tuning-fork record of the time occupied by the contraction. Parallel to the latter is the abscissa. The little vertical mark at the left shows the moment of stimulation, and the distance from this to the beginning of the rise of the curve gives the latent period, which is followed by the ascent and descent of the lever.
There is then no pause at the height of contraction. The stage of relaxing has been called the period of falling energy. It occupies, when quite fresh, about the same time as the second period, viz., about.04 sec.
Thus, a stimulus occupying an almost immeasurably short time sets up a change in the molecular condition, which, taking nearly 1/10 sec. to run its course, and requiring 1/100 sec. before it exhibits any change of form, then in 4/100 sec. attains the maximum height of contraction, and, without waiting in the contracted condition, spends 4/100 sec. in relaxing.
The latent period which appears in a single contraction curve drawn by a muscle stimulated in the usual way, through the medium of a nerve, is not entirely occupied by preparatory changes going on in the substance of the muscle, but a certain part of the time recorded as latent period corresponds to the time required for the transmission of the impulse along the nerve. This may be shown by stimulating first the far end of the nerve, and then the muscle itself. In this case two curves will be drawn, having different latent periods, that obtained by direct stimulation of the muscle being shorter, and representing the real latent period, while the longer one includes the time taken by the impulse to travel along the piece of nerve between the electrodes and the muscle.
If one extremity of the muscle be stimulated without the aid of the nerve (it is best to employ a muscle from a curarized animal), the contraction passes along the muscle from the point of stimulation in a wave which travels at a definite rate of 3-4 metres per sec. in a frog, and 4-5 metres per sec. in a mammal. Reduction of temperature and fading of vital activity cause the velocity of the wave to be lessened, until finally the tissue ceases to conduct; then only a local contraction occurs, severe stimulus causing simply an elevation at the point of contact. This seems analogous to the idio-muscular contraction, which marks the seat of severe mechanical stimulation after the general contraction has ended.
The latent period varies much in different kinds of muscle, in the same kind of muscle of different animals, and in the same individual muscle under different conditions. As a rule, the slow-contracting muscles have a longer latent period. Thus the non-striated slow-contracting muscles found in the hollow viscera have a latent period of some seconds. The striated muscles of cold-blooded animals have a longer latency than the same kind of muscle in birds and mammalia. The same gastrocnemius of a frog has a shorter latent period when strongly stimulated, or when its temperature is raised, and vice versa.
The latent period is considerably lengthened by fatigue. If the weight be so applied that it does not extend the muscle before contraction, but only bears on it the instant it commences to shorten, the duration of the latent period increases in proportion to the weight the muscle has to lift.
The duration of the single contraction of striated muscle varies in different cases and under varying circumstances. With submaximal stimulation the length of the curve increases with the strength of the stimulation. When the maximal strength of stimulus (i. e., that exciting a maximal contractiori) is reached, no further lengthening of the curve takes place.
Fig.186. Curves drawn by the same muscle in different stages of fatigue - A, when fresh; B, C, D, E, each immediately after the muscle had contracted 200 times. Showing that fatigue causes a low, long contraction.
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How To Retire Happy
You might have been planning for retirement since the day you started working, socking money aside in savings, funding a 401(k) or investing in stocks to make sure you’re financially set for the day that you stop working and the years to follow.
Now, you’re in great shape financially and it’s time to stop working. Congratulations!
But can you answer this question: “How do I retire happy?”
That takes more planning. Just ask the nearly 50 million retired workers and their dependents who collect Social Security benefits if they would have done anything differently before retirement. While it’s tough to determine the percentage of retired people who are happy, you definitely want to be counted in that column.
9 Tips To Retire Happy
So just how can you retire happy and make your retirement wishes come true? It takes planning with things other than with money. Here are 9 tips to get you started on a happy retirement.
- Shed the old, embrace the new
- Spend your newfound leisure time
- Manage your health
- Have proper insurance
- Monitor your money
- Live near the kids and grandkids
- Maintain friendships
- Work part time
1. Shed the Old, Embrace the New
If you’re still living in the house where you raised your kids, you undoubtedly are hanging on to a lot of sentimental memories. But those memories will stay with you forever, and maybe it’s time to move to a smaller home.
By downsizing, you can decrease your utility costs, you probably won’t have as much outdoor maintenance and you will have gotten rid of old things you’d been storing that might have been weighing you down. This lighter lifestyle will be a welcome change.
2. Spend Your Newfound Leisure Time
There isn’t a perfect age to retire, but whenever you do, you’ll have precious minutes and hours to spend on yourself that you never had before. It’s a perfect time to take up a hobby, like playing golf or visiting local museums, or take a class to learn something new.
And if you don’t want to spend much money pursuing a hobby, check out a book at the library or join a walking group.
3. Manage Your Health
Your go-go lifestyle at work probably meant too many fast-food lunches and too much time spent sitting behind a computer. Take that walk, join an exercise class, follow a yoga instructor on DVD, find healthy recipes.
According to the Fidelity Retiree Health Care Cost Estimate, an average retired couple of people age 65 in 2022 could face medical expenses of about $315,000 in retirement. Getting yourself in the best shape possible in retirement could shave those healthcare expenses and leave you feeling better than ever.
4. Have Proper Insurance
Retirees will have peace of mind knowing they have the insurance they will need, including Medicare and long-term healthcare. Medicare is the federal health insurance program for people 65 and older, but it doesn’t cover everything. For example, you might want to sign up for supplemental insurance, called Medicare Part D, which gives you prescription coverage.
In addition, long-term care insurance can help to pay the costs for a nursing home, assisted living or other care.
5. Monitor Your Money
The way you invest changes as you get older, and the traditional thinking is that you’ll want to take fewer risks with your money as you approach retirement.
It would pay off to schedule an annual checkup with a financial advisor to keep you financially worry-free. Some even are certified to advise seniors and help with strategies to live and budget on a fixed income, invest and plan for healthcare costs.
6. Live Near the Kids and Grandkids…
Being an empty nester has some perks, but that doesn’t mean retirees don’t want their adult children nearby.
Wes Moss, a certified financial planner and managing partner in Capital Investment Advisors, surveyed about 2,000 retirees nationally in 2018 and found that those who lived “near or close” to at least half of their children were five times happier that the retirees who didn’t have that proximity.
7. …And Maintain Friendships
A study of 217 people between the ages of 63 and 89 conducted by researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston showed that a social life helped to stave off cognitive decline. People who left the house on a regular basis and saw other people were happier and healthier.
Spend some of that time outside the house volunteering. You’ll meet new people, support a worthy cause and maybe even get some benefits, such as watching locally produced plays for free if you volunteer to usher at the playhouse in your city.
Choose a volunteer activity that falls in line with your interests and have fun while you give back.
9. Work Part Time
You thought you were at the perfect age to retire when you did, but maybe you retired a bit prematurely or just needed time off for a refresher. A survey by Home Instead, Inc., said it isn’t uncommon for retirees to return to work.
While earning more money was a factor for many who went back to work, 44% of respondents said they returned to a job out of boredom and 22% to keep their minds sharp. Finding a part-time job actually could be a key to happiness.
A lot of people entering retirement don’t put enough emphasis on personal planning to ensure they maximize their opportunities. Regardless of your age, take the time now to think about the choices you have and how you would like to spend your time — and money — during retirement.
Barbara Friedberg contributed to the reporting for this article.
Our in-house research team and on-site financial experts work together to create content that’s accurate, impartial, and up to date. We fact-check every single statistic, quote and fact using trusted primary resources to make sure the information we provide is correct. You can learn more about GOBankingRates’ processes and standards in our editorial policy.
- Fidelity. 2022. "How to plan for rising health care costs."
- MoneyGeek. 2022. "The Sobering Cost of Long-Term Care."
- U.S.News. 2022. "7 High-Return, Low-Risk Investments for Retirees."
- Medico. "How to Find a Financial Advisor for Seniors."
- Social Security Administration. "Fact Sheet SOCIAL SECURITY."
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Setting up a business is a huge part for any individual to have, as it could acquire a great deal of making the safety and comfort of any full-time occupation to create a less risky monetary upcoming. Prosperous business good results may also call for plenty of preparing, the right set up funds to preserve the organization until finally the starting of its very first income spiral as well as least some luck. But should you not know how to begin or tips to get started, there are lots of things you need to take into consideration before you begin a business.
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Your goal: How will you would like online business to the office? Are you wanting that it is a web-based or not online operation, or equally? Could it be destined to be something company, a product or service vendor or either? Exactly what is your potential audience going to be should it be an internet business?
The kind of business you wish to have: Exactly what are the products and services that you will give you? Would they be described as a retail or general store? What types of products do you are interested in?
The level of staff you will need: Will you demand human resource awareness? Otherwise, do you currently have the necessary knowledge for the type of operate you can be undertaking? Assuming you have no idea, there are a number of good online resources available where you can find out regarding the various types of positions obtainable in an organization and the way develop into a aspirant to them. You can even understand your potential people together with their personality traits.
The equipment you want: What software programs do you wish to use? What equipment do you need to begin? What methods are accustomed to put in place your site together with other internet websites? In which would you buy these objects?
What technology you may need: Do you know one of the most up-to-date technology which will modify the way companies function? Is it possible to offer your clients with your expert services using the most advanced technology? Will you be sure your strategies for procedure continues to present you with gains? There is absolutely no need to reinvent the wheel for anyone who is positive. You can even need to obtain a more modern tool to make stuff perform speedier: Alternatively, to save lots of more money.
Know who you will end up using the services of: Are you going to be operating it at a particular amount, by yourself or by using an outsourcer? or a third party firm?
Do not forget to compose a business plan before beginning, so you can conveniently evaluate regardless of whether you are creating plenty of dollars to warrant an investment and do not spend worthwhile money and time setting up the business enterprise, lacking the knowledge of the end results. A business plan is sort of a guide that can get you from start to finish, providing you everything that are required to know how to make the online business successful. It will also help you steer clear of finding missing down the middle of the highway without a reliable strategic business plan.
Know in which your sources can come from: Will your shoppers and personnel pay for your company? Or else, will you plenty of financing to protect these expenses?
Learn how much you are likely to pay for your enterprise: When you are unwilling that will put money in it, there is not any part of setting up an organization. There are a lot of methods which can be used to increase funds for your enterprise, and it is very important know what type fits your needs.
Just how long could it choose to use start out? Should you have completed your quest perfectly and know just what it normally takes to find the company off the floor, you will understand the time it will take. In the event you don’t have enough time, there are several other choices to choose from. 1 choice is to consider an angel trader, or simply a firm that will help you boost income for your enterprise.
What may be the cost of starting up the business enterprise? This can be done by browsing articles internet, or wanting to know people who have began a company, and learn how they did it. You have to know how much money you would need to obtain products or buy gear for your organization when you are fresh to starting up your enterprise. If you will find every other fees that you will want to spend.
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Posted: 6/20/2022 5:17:20 PM
Modified: 6/20/2022 5:17:00 PM
The Bigger Concord Chamber of Commerce is at present accepting grant purposes for regional instructors who have designed ground breaking applications that aren’t supported by the district’s faculty funds.
The Chamber awards grants on a yearly basis to academics who demonstrate that their assignments in shape a particular academic need, are special to their respective educational institutions and are not supported by the faculty system’s annual spending plan. The target is to aid community pupils to delve into exclusive assignments, learn new competencies and go after topics that are not involved in regular curriculum.
In the 2021-2022 college 12 months, the Chamber of Commerce funded tasks targeted on science, engineering, background, producing and arts. At Concord Significant University, the “We are America” literary project let college students dive into history and private storytelling and at Concord’s Abbot-Downing School, students put engineering and geometry competencies to use with 3D printers. At Bow Substantial School, college students gathered data on a regional salamander populace. At Bow Memorial Faculty, a show area was designed for university student artwork and a therapeutic sensory area was developed for pupils with autism and other developmental and cognitive worries.
More than the years, the Chamber’s Small business and Training initiative has awarded about $161,000 in grants to regional educators. Funding for this initiative is offered by the Funds for Training Golf Match, which will be held Aug. 3 at Beaver Meadow Golf Class.
Teachers can implement for the grants by July 1.
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Coronavirus in India: Covid-19 count crosses 800-mark
The death toll due to Covid-19 rose to 19 in India and around 100 fresh cases were reported on Friday, pushing the tally past the 800-mark. The Union health ministry has, meanwhile, asserted that the rate of increase in the positive cases was “relatively stable” in India.
The total number of known coronavirus cases has crossed the 800-mark on Friday with the death toll due to Covid-19 at 17. At over 100 new cases, Friday witnessed the highest rise in novel coronavirus cases in a single day in India.
As per the Union health ministry data, 80 fresh cases were reported on Thursday, taking the tally to 694.
By Friday 07:30 pm, the number of positive Covid-19 cases reported in India stood at 820, while 66 people either cured or discharged and one had migrated. The number of deaths climbed to 20.
On Friday, Kerala’s tally reached 176 — the highest number of Covid-19 cases so far. Kerala is followed by Maharashtra, where the number of cases has climbed up to 147. Five persons tested positive for coronavirus in Maharashtra’s Vidarbha region- four in Nagpur city and another in Gondia district, officials said on Friday.
With a fresh case in Andhra Pradesh on Friday, the total cases has now gone up to 12 in the state. The number of cases in Tamil Nadu has climbed to 29, including six foreigners. Three positive cases were confirmed in Tamil Nadu on Friday.
The number of cases in Telangana has gone up to 59, including 10 foreigners.
Karnataka has reported 55 cases of novel coronavirus, while the number of cases in Gujarat has climbed to 43, including a foreigner.
The number of cases in Rajasthan has increased to 41, including two foreigners. Uttar Pradesh has reported 47 cases, including a foreigner, while the number of positive cases in Delhi has gone up to 39, including a foreigner
Punjab has reported 38 cases, while 30 Covid-19 cases have so far been detected in Haryana, including 14 foreigners. Madhya Pradesh has recorded 20 cases, Ladakh reported 13 each while Jammu and Kashmir reported 18. West Bengal has 10 Covid-19 patients.
Chandigarh has reported seven cases, Chhatisgarh has registered six cases while Uttarakhand has five, including a foreigner. Three fresh cases of coronavirus have been reported from Bihar, taking the total number of those who have tested positive for the Covid-19 to nine, the health department said on Friday.
Himachal Pradesh have reported three cases each, while two cases have been detected in Odisha.
Goa has reported three coronavirus cases. Earlier, the ministry had wrongly attributed 33 cases to the coastal state. Subsequently, the figure was revised. A man has tested positive for Covid-19 in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the second such case in the Union Territory, a senior official said on Friday.
Puducherry, Mizoram and Manipur have reported one case each.
ANOTHER DEATH IN KARNATAKA
The death toll due to novel coronavirus in India also climbed to 20 on Friday.
On Friday, a 65 year-old man who had tested positive for coronavirus passed away in Tumakuru, Karnataka on Friday. He had travelled to Delhi by train on March 5th and returned on March 11.
As per the ministry data, out of total Covid deaths in India, Maharashtra reported three deaths, Gujarat three, Karnataka two, while Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Bihar, Punjab, Delhi, West Bengal and Himachal Pradesh reported one death each.
Jammu and Kashmir also reported its first Covid-19 fatality.
A 60-year-old man, who had tested positive for coronavirus in Rajasthan’s Bhilwara, has died due to comorbid conditions, an official said on Friday.
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— Testosterone —
A Critical Hormone for Men and Women
Jeffry S. Life, M.D., Ph.D. and Alan P. Mintz, M.D.
Las Vegas, Nevada
Testosterone is a hormone that has been intimately tied throughout time to a man’s virility
and sexuality. It is the major steroid hormone of the testicles. However, testosterone is much more than just a sex hormone.
With testosterone receptor sites in the brain and heart, and in fact throughout the entire body, testosterone plays a critical
role in maintaining a healthy immune system, insuring proper heart function, and regulating mood and cognition, controlling
blood sugars, regulating healthy cholesterol levels, controlling blood pressure, preventing heart attacks, and even reducing
the risk for prostate cancer.
Testosterone production in the male begins when the pituitary gland, located deep inside
the brain, secretes lutenizing hormone (LH), which in turn, stimulates the Leydig cells in the testicles to produce testosterone.
It is estimated that men are born with 700 million Leydig cells and they begin losing 6 million each year after their twentieth
birthday. In spite of these losses, studies have found that testosterone levels peak in men at about age 30. After this, testosterone
levels begin declining an average of 2% a year.
Declines in testosterone production are due to several factors besides
decreases in Leydig cell numbers. Diminished testicular response to pituitary signals that initiate testosterone production
and a poor coordination of the release of these pituitary signals play the most important role in testosterone decline. Another
reason for testosterone decline is because most of the testosterone that is secreted into the bloodstream attaches to a protein
called sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Testosterone that is not bound to SHBG is called free testosterone and it is only
in this form that testosterone can exert its powerful effects on all of the body’s cells. An increase of SHBG occurs
in many men as they age, especially if they are obese. As SHBG levels increase, the amount of testosterone that is available
to act on cells diminishes even further.
These age-related declines in total and free testosterone levels in men are
associated with easily identifiable, classic signs and symptoms called andropause. Andropause can cause significant problems
that include negative attitudes about life in general, a loss of focus and drive, a questioning of one’s values and
accomplishments, loss of goals and directions in life, decreased libido, depression, and even cognitive impairments. Declines
in sex drive, frequency of sexual thoughts, and erectile dysfunction are additional problems that are directly related to
falling levels of free testosterone and these can have a profoundly negative impact on the male psyche and relationships.
Physical changes also occur and are characterized by thinning hair, a decline in lean muscle tissue, and an increase
in body fat (particularly abdominal and pectoral fat). As muscle mass declines, strength declines and risk for falls and fractures
increases. A decrease in bone mass is another major problem associated with declining levels of testosterone. Osteoporosis
is not just a woman’s disease—up to 30% of men aged 60 and over become osteoporotic. One out of every six men
will fracture a hip at some point in their life as a result of decreased bone density. Declines in stamina and exertional
performance are also a direct result of inadequate levels of testosterone as are declines in mental skills, concentration,
Testosterone can be converted, by enzymes, into other hormones. One of these enzymes is called 5-alpha
reductase. It is found in especially high concentrations in the prostate gland where it converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone
(DHT). Another enzyme, called aromatase, is found in skin, brain, fat, and bone. Aromatase converts testosterone into estradiol,
the human form of estrogen. As men age, more of the testosterone they produce is converted into estradiol. When there is too
much estradiol it competes with testosterone and negative consequences develop. These include prostate cancer, heart disease,
and stroke. Abnormal increases of estradiol are caused by excess amounts of aromatase enzyme, impaired liver function (often
caused by excessive alcohol or certain drug interactions), obesity (which increases aromatase enzyme), and zinc deficiency
(zinc is a natural aromatase enzyme inhibitor). In addition to declining levels of testosterone and increasing levels of estradiol,
growth hormone, thyroid hormone, and DHEA levels fall during andropause. As these levels decline, profound changes occur with
growth and metabolism that affect men both physically and mentally and add to their testosterone deficiency problems.
the signs and symptoms of andropause should not be accepted as an inevitable consequence of the aging process. By utilizing
bio-identical hormones and accurate monitoring techniques, replacement therapy is now possible. Hormone optimization programs
offered by Age Management Medicine physicians have rapidly moved into the forefront of preventive medical care and have greatly
contributed to the enhancement of quality of life as men and women age.
Testosterone may be well known as a hormone that has been tied to a man’s virility and
sexuality, but few realize that it is also a very important hormone for women. As women age, estradiol and progestin levels
begin falling as they enter menopause. Testosterone (produced in the ovaries and adrenal glands), thyroid hormone, and growth
hormone levels also decline during this time. As the levels of these key hormones diminish, profound degenerative changes
begin occurring with growth and metabolism that affect the breasts, vagina, bones, blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract,
urinary tract, cardiovascular system, skin, brain, and energy levels.
We now know testosterone is critically important
for a woman’s libido, sexual responsiveness, mood, and generalized feelings of well-being. Women, like men, also need
adequate testosterone levels for peak mental acuity and the maintenance of healthy bone density and muscle tissue. Maintaining
bone density is absolutely critical for women. Unsupplemented women have a 50% chance of experiencing a pathological fracture
of their hip or vertebra at some point in their life. This is a frightening statistic because a hip fracture carries with
it a 25% six-month mortality rate, and a 50% two-year mortality. Testosterone also plays a key role in the prevention of the
accumulation of unwanted body fat, heart disease, and loss of cognitive function in women. Testosterone replacement therapy
is now recommended for women with suboptimal blood levels. Like men, women must have all of their hormones at optimal levels
and be followed with laboratory studies on a regular basis after therapy is started.
Clinical signs and symptoms are important indicators that an individual
needs testosterone replacement therapy. However, objective laboratory measures must be obtained to properly institute and
manage therapy. These lab measurements are also necessary to rule out or address any accompanying medical problems. To adequately
measure testosterone levels, both total and free testosterone studies should be obtained. The normal laboratory ranges for
these is, ironically, the same for 20 year olds and 70 year olds
Obviously, the fifty-year span from age 20 through 70
with the same normal range is not a useful guide to determine optimal testosterone levels for older individuals. Typically
there is a 70% decline from the more youthful levels to the levels typically seen after age 40, and this will produce most,
if not all, of the problems associated with low testosterone levels described above. Yet a level this low does fall in this
broad range and is declared "within the normal range" by today’s laboratory standards. A more accurate approach would
be to use the upper third of the normal range for one’s age as the optimal or normal level.
The decision to institute
testosterone replacement therapy should always be made in the context of other hormonal and laboratory studies. Prostate Specific
Antigen (PSA) measurement and a digital rectal exam of all men must accompany testosterone blood levels at the time of the
initial evaluation to screen for any pre-existing prostate disease and they need to be followed at regular intervals. Other
studies, such as thyroid hormones, growth hormone (hGH), leutinizing hormone (LH), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), estradiol,
progesterone, blood count, lipid profiles, and other laboratory and metabolic markers (such as body composition and bone density)
all play important roles in maximizing a testosterone replacement program in both men and women. Once therapy is initiated,
follow up hormone levels, as well as other markers, must be monitored over time at regularly scheduled intervals by a well-trained
physician to maximize success and assure safety.
Any hormone therapy including testosterone therapy is very serious business and must be performed by
physicians trained in hormonal modulation. Before any testosterone supplementation program is started, all key hormone levels
must be evaluated and therapy should be based on the augmentation of all hormones with suboptimal levels. After the decision
has been made to optimize hormone levels, the next step is to decide on the best means of administration.
The best method
of testosterone delivery varies from individual to individual, and is dependent upon several factors. Optimally, a testosterone
delivery method should be clinically effective in correcting the signs and symptoms of testosterone decline and produce predictable
and reproducible optimal levels of testosterone without increasing levels of other potentially harmful hormones. The fact
that testosterone can be converted to estradiol by an aromatase enzyme is a serious concern for men because, in some, any
intervention that raises testosterone levels will raise estradiol levels. With proper laboratory follow up, this is easily
identified and corrected. The raising of serum levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) can also be clinically important in men.
DHT, as discussed earlier, is the hormone associated with male-pattern baldness and prostate enlargement. These do not become
a problem if DHT levels are closely monitored and controlled.
Testosterone is available directly in injectable, topical,
and implantable formulations, and may also be supplemented indirectly by the administration of human chorionic gonadotropin
(hCG). At present, there are no recommended oral testosterone formulations in the United States for men. Testosterone pellets
have been developed for men that can provide augmented serum testosterone levels for up to six months. Pellets, however, require
a surgical procedure for implantation and removal, and once they are placed they do not allow for altering dosages based on
an individual's testosterone blood levels.
An oral preparation
that is useful for helping normalize testosterone levels in women is DHEA. Men do not convert DHEA into meaningful levels
of testosterone, but many women do. A good first step in improving testosterone levels in women is to optimize DHEA levels
and then re-check testosterone levels after 5-7 weeks. If testosterone levels have not increased, direct testosterone therapy
can be started at that time.
use in men is available in a formulation that provides a long biological effect time and can be purchased by prescription
in a low cost, easily self-injectable form. A dosage interval of once a week works very well. Delivering testosterone in this
way has a 100% success rate in providing every cell with usable hormone. It is also easy to precisely control the dosage of
testosterone and manage the results by following levels over time at regular intervals. This is the supplementation of choice
for men whose testicles are no longer able to produce testosterone in adequate amounts.
are also available for topical placement, which allows testosterone to be absorbed through the skin. Testosterone cream is
the therapy of choice for raising testosterone levels in women. There is only limited application for topical testosterone
in men because this method can produce elevated serum levels of DHT. The very small amounts of testosterone cream required
to raise testosterone levels in women have not been associated with any problems. Testosterone patches are available by prescription
for men but have been associated with problems including, inability to achieve adequate serum testosterone levels and local
reactions from the adhesive. Mild to moderate reactions occur in as many as 50% of men using some formulations of the skin
patch. Patches have also been shown in studies to produce a 30-50% failure rate in clinical applications.
new way of increasing testosterone levels in men has been achieved through the use of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
hCG is a hormone that is able to bind to lutenizing hormone (LH) receptors with the same binding affinity as LH. Administration
of hCG can, therefore, mimic the same effect as LH and increase testosterone production by stimulating Leydig cells in the
testicles. In men who still have a functional LH/testosterone control loop, testosterone production with hCG is the most physiologic
method and is not associated with the testicular atrophy that can occasionally happen with direct testosterone administration.
The preferred method of administering hCG is to give self-administered subcutaneous doses with a tiny insulin syringe twice
weekly. With normal aging, the testicles will at some point stop responding to the LH and hCG signals. If testosterone levels
do not rise in a patient receiving hCG after 6 weeks, we know the "disconnect" between the testicles and the pituitary gland
has occurred and direct testosterone supplementation is the preferred route*.
Once a hormonal augmentation program is initiated,
laboratory markers, which include hormone blood levels, should be followed at regularly scheduled intervals and therapy must
be adjusted accordingly if an endocrine supplementation program is to be safe and effective. Physicians specifically trained
and certified in Age Management Medicine are best suited to oversee such programs.
Hormonal balance plays a huge role in determining the overall health and wellbeing
of both men and women. Today age-related hormone deficiencies and imbalances are correctable and optimal hormone balances,
that place individuals in the upper percentiles of their normal hormone ranges, can be safely achieved when performed by a
competent physician specifically trained and certified in Age Management Medicine. Men, women, and their loved ones need not
suffer the consequences of a mid-life crisis. There is definitely hope. It is now within our power to make the rest of our
lives the best of our lives!
are available on request.
further information on testosterone supplementation and dosing see Dotson A. “Methods of Testosterone Supplementation
for Men and Women”. Cenegenics Testosterone Medical Information Gateway. 2004; www.testosterone-articles.com .
Alan P. Mintz, M.D., is Chief Medical Officer, Chief Executive Officer, and Co-Founder, of Cenegenics
Medical Institute. He is a Diplomate for the American Board of Radiology, including Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy
and is certified in Age Management Medicine. For further information contact Dr. Mintz or Dr. Life at 1-866-953-1530 or email
at email@example.com .
Jeffry S. Life, M.D., Ph.D., is a Diplomate of
the American Board of Family Practice, the American Board of Anti-Aging Medicine, a Fellow of the American Academy of Family
Physicians and is certified in Age Management Medicine. He is a Cenegenics Institute physician and lives a lifestyle that
promotes health and fitness. He writes a column on Performance Nutrition for Muscle Media Magazine and was the Grand Champion
of the Body-for-LIFE Contest in 1998.
InteliHealth – featuring Harvard Medical School’s Consumer Health Information
November 30, 2001
Excerpt from “Ask the Expert” on Male Menopause (Andropause)
Q: Is there such a thing as “male menopause”?
Yes, there may well be such a thing as male menopause, but the malaise goes far beyond the so-called "midlife crisis" of popular
culture. More specifically, the male version of menopause is the gradual decline in the chief male sex hormone, testosterone,
which in the average man begins as early as the third decade of life. Most men remain unaware of the decline, but researchers
now believe that it may be associated with common age-related changes like high cholesterol, muscle weakness, weight gain,
and heart problems.
Q: Do men undergo something like menopause as
A: The term "male menopause" is really something of a misnomer. What the average healthy man will experience
as he ages is not a noticeable change, like female menopause, but a gradual decline in the principal male sex hormone, testosterone.
The decrease can begin in the late thirties, and by the seventies, blood levels may have dropped by one-third to one-half
of the levels observed in young men.
We believe that this decline is linked to common age-related changes in healthy
men, such as decreases in muscle tissue and bone mineral density, increases in abdominal body fat, a rise in cholesterol,
and deteriorating heart function, as well as psychological and sexual changes. We know that such hormonal associations with
aging exist for women, and we can treat them with replacement therapy. We also know that young men with severe testosterone
deficiency suffer from muscle weakness, osteoporosis and psychosexual dysfunction, and that these problems lessen or disappear
when such men are given a testosterone supplement.
Q: What research
is currently being done in this area?
A: Three large NIH-funded human trials have recently been completed. The tabulated
data will likely confirm and extend our beliefs about the role of testosterone decline and supplementation in healthy aging
men. We expect some important findings will be published next year that will allow us to look at the aging process differently,
and help us take a kinder, gentler approach to improving older men's quality of life.
Q: Can the decline be treated with hormone replacement, as with postmenopausal women?
A: Smaller studies
have already suggested that very gradually replacing testosterone in selected healthy men can actually reverse some of the
age-related problems of muscle weakness, osteoporosis, high cholesterol and others. For example, it may be beneficial for
some men to begin receiving supplemental therapy while still in their thirties.
Is there a chance that testosterone supplements could cause prostate disease?
A: Studies suggest that although testosterone
is not a cause of new prostate cancer, it can contribute to the growth of existing prostate cancer. For their safety, men
with this cancer were excluded from all the studies and we carefully and continually screened other participants for any sign
of the disease. However, it's our hypothesis that slow, gentle supplementation to help men return to their previous blood
levels of testosterone is safe for men who are cancer free at the inception of testosterone therapy.
Q: Are there other potential complications of testosterone supplementation?
A: We know
that a man's cholesterol profile can worsen with too much testosterone. However, based on our investigations of men with deficiencies,
we believe that slow, gentle supplementation can actually improve their condition, lowering the bad cholesterol and boosting
Q: Can elderly men with other age-related illnesses benefit,
or is the therapy limited to the healthy?
A: Elderly men who suffer from co-morbid conditions such as malnutrition,
heart disease and diabetes mellitus also appear to have a more severe decline in testosterone than do healthy men. We believe
they can gain particular benefits from supplementation, and researchers are starting to look at possible usefulness in diverse
frail elderly populations. We hope that the therapy can prolong their independence and improve their quality of life.
Therapy in Men: An Update
Laurence Katznelson, M.D., Harvard Medical School
Bulletin Vol 6, Issue 2, Winter 2000
in men is manifested typically by symptoms of hypogonadism, including decreases in erectile function and libido. Testosterone
also has an important role in the regulation of normal growth, bone metabolism and body composition. Specifically, testosterone
deficiency is an important risk factor for osteoporosis and fractures in men. In men older than 65 years of age, the incidence
of hip fracture is 4-5/1000 and approximately 30% of all hip fractures occur in men. Men with testosterone deficiency have
significant decreases in bone density, particularly in the trabecular bone compartment. Testosterone deficiency has been reported
in over half of elderly men with a history of hip fracture. Men with testosterone deficiency also have alterations in body
composition that include an increase in body fat. Using quantitative CT scans to assess fat distribution, we have shown that
testosterone deficiency is associated with an alteration in site-specific adipose deposition with increased deposits in all
areas, particularly in the subcutaneous and muscle areas. Because truncal fat correlates with glucose intolerance and cardiovascular
risk, hypogonadism may have important implications with regard to overall health and mortality. In one study, the alteration
in skeletal muscle composition was associated with a decrease in muscle strength. Therefore, testosterone deficiency is associated
with an enhanced risk for osteoporosis, altered body composition including increases in truncal fat, and, possibly, decreases
in muscle performance.
Administration of adequate testosterone replacement therapy leads to improvements in libido
and erectile function. Following testosterone replacement, men note an increase in energy and mood, which may reflect either
direct behavioral effects of androgens, and/or, an elevation of hematocrit due to rising testosterone levels. Testosterone
therapy also leads to important beneficial effects on the skeleton and lean tissue mass. Testosterone replacement increases
bone density in hypogonadal men with the most dramatic effects seen in the trabecular bone compartment. These effects may
be seen as early as 6 months following initiation of testosterone therapy. In one recent study of the long-term benefits of
testosterone therapy, the greatest benefits in trabecular bone were seen in the first several years of therapy. With regard
to body composition, testosterone replacement therapy results in a dramatic reduction in adipose content, with the greatest
effects seen in the subcutaneous and skeletal muscle areas. Androgen therapy leads to a significant increase in lean skeletal
muscle mass and strength. Therefore, there are beneficial effects of testosterone replacement on body composition and bone
mineral density in adult hypogonadal men that may serve as indications for therapy in addition to libido and sexual function.
testosterone levels decline with age, and aging is accompanied by body changes including loss of muscle and increases in fat,
there is great interest in the potential benefits of testosterone administration in elderly men. In a recent study, Snyder
et al. (1999) administered testosterone via a scrotal patch in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to 108 elderly men for
3 years. As shown in Figure 1, testosterone administration resulted in beneficial effects on lean and fat mass. Therefore,
there may be a role for androgens in improving body composition and function in elderly men.
Figure (1). Mean
change from baseline in total body mass, fat mass, and lean mass, as determined by DEXA, in 108 men over 65
yr of age.
The decrease in fat mass (P < 0.005) and the increase in lean mass (P < 0.001) inthetestosterone-
treated subjects were significantly different from those in the placebo-treated subjects at 36 months.
with permission from The Endocrine Society - Snyder PJ, et al: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &
Metabolism 1999; 84:2647-2653).
GRAPHS AT BOTTOM OF PAGE
1. Jenkins et al. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and the Development
of Colorectal Neoplasia in Acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000. 85:3218-21.
2. Renehan et al. The Prevalence and
Characteristics of Colorectal Neoplasia in Acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000. 85:3417-24.
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According to the World Health Organization, cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, which only continues to grow. Since 2012, the number of cancer patients has been increasingly growing, with over 14 million new cases appearing every year (WHO, 2017). At the same time, the number of cancer-related death exceeded that of 8.8 million since 2015 (WHO, 2017). The disease has been regarded as a worldwide healthcare problem for several decades now. As it stands, there is no effective cure for cancer in its later stages, and early cancer response and prevention remains the only response to the disease that has any chance of succeeding. However, the views on cancer and cancer prevention differ greatly across the countries. Even in the more medically and technologically advanced countries in Europe and the USA, there is a certain stigma associated with cancer.
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Chemotherapy is viewed as a very dangerous and ineffective procedure that significantly shortens the overall lifespan and leads to numerous health complications in the future (Hilal et al., 2015). The situation is even worse in the Middle East, where religious views often interact with medicine and influence public opinion on cancer, cancer patients, and cancer prevention practices. This issue affects even the developed countries of the Arabian Peninsula, such as the UAE and the Emirates. Education, the understanding of mechanisms of the disease, possible influencing factors, and stereotyping all play an important role in affecting the populace’s perception of cancer. Understanding the views of the population and the underlying issues behind cancer are paramount to developing a coherent and effective strategy to promote health and improve early prevention.
Statement of the Problem
The purpose of this research is to analyze the state of early response and prevention measures to cancer, as well as the population’s perception towards cancer in the state of Oman, which is one of the prominent and economically prosperous countries of the Arabian Peninsula. The country possessed an all-encompassing and developed healthcare industry, which covers the majority of the population. At the same time, according to the Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy, Oman faces an almost two-fold increase in cancer incidence in the period between 2008 and 2020 (IAEA, 2013). Understanding the reasons behind such a drastic increase and improving the chances of early detection and response to cancer is thus paramount for the promotion of health in the Sultanate of Oman.
The research will be conducted in the form of meta-analysis, which suggests a complex synthesis of all accredited and available sources of information pertaining to the subject. The information used in this study will be extracted from accredited scientific journals, official statistics, and official sites of major healthcare organizations such as WHO, PACT, and others. In addition, the research will feature the limited use of Omani national press releases, in the context of understanding and perceiving the views of the population towards cancer, cancer prevention, rehabilitation, and survival. The reasoning for using meta-analysis as the primary form of research, in this case, is formulated by the inability to travel to Oman and perform quantitative research and include the population of Oman in the research directly.
The research hypothesis that the following study will be seeking to either prove or disprove states the following:
- Sultanate of Oman is facing a major cancer increase due to a multitude of factors, such as a change of lifestyle, as well as outdated views of the population on cancer prevention and cancer treatments, which are motivated by the local traditions as well as historical tendencies and religious views.
The null hypothesis, in this case, would be the complete opposite of the research hypothesis. As such, it would state that:
- The major cancer crisis currently faced by the Sultanate of Oman is not influenced by the change of lifestyle as well as outdated views of the population on cancer prevention and cancer treatments, which are motivated by the local traditions as well as historical tendencies and religious views. The growing incidence of cancer is motivated by other factors.
Scope and Limitations
The following meta-analysis is aimed to reflect on the situation with cancer prevention, early detection, treatment, and population perceptions of the disease in the Sultanate of Oman. While the results of this research can be extrapolated, to a degree, on other countries of the Arabian Peninsula, the research limits itself largely to the situation in Oman. Another limitation of this research comes from the format of the study. As this is qualitative literature research, it is limited in the use of sources. All information used in this research has been provided by someone else and did not come as a result of a direct quantitative study and research performed on the population of the Sultanate of Oman.
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Another limitation of the study is that it reflects the attitudes and opinions of the population, as well as the overall situation in Oman in a yearly diapason between 2012-2017. As the situation may change in the following years due to the implementation of specific policies as well as the overall political situation in the country and region, the information provided in the following research may become outdated. After a certain period of time, it would require being reaffirmed and revalidated.
The recommendations were based on the information available for public use and possess a general connotation, not attached to any specific location within Oman. The emphasis on specific points mentioned in this analysis may change depending on the situation within particular communities.
Lastly, since this is a qualitative study, the conclusions and evaluations of the provided information may be subject to bias and misinterpretation.
Significance of the Study
This study has two purposes. The first purpose of this study is to develop practical recommendations that could be implemented by the Sultanate of Oman in order to reduce the incidence of cancer and promote early response and detection of the disease. This makes the research significant for any parties interested in the promotion of the health agenda within the country. In addition, the results of the research could be interesting to other countries in the Arabic Peninsula, as they share many similarities with Oman, including religion, healthcare practices, traditions, and mutual history.
Other than that, the results of the study could be invaluable to any researchers aiming to perform a quantitative study pertaining to the perception, attitudes and practice towards cancer early detection, prevention and survivorship in Oman. The research could provide a suitable theoretical and informational framework to be used as a starting point for the formulation and development of said study. The accumulation of relevant sources may enable future researchers to locate and use them in their own endeavors, thus promoting interconnectivity within the medical, scientific community.
Lastly, the research helps create a scientific and historical continuity to the subject of managing and treating cancer in Oman, as it reflects on the progression of the public perception and methods of prevention and treatment of the disease in 2012-2017. In the future, this information would allow tracing said progression in the scope of a wider, all-encompassing review.
The dynamics of cancer incidence in the Middle East differ from those in Europe, the USA, or the Far East, due to a unique combination of factors affecting the situation in these countries. The study performed by Hilal et al. (2015) is dedicated to prostate cancer, yet the results of this study could be extrapolated on the entirety of the region concerning other types of cancers as well. The study found that the factors affecting cancer rates in Arab countries, such as Oman, include the relatively young age structure, lower androgen and antigen levels in Arab men, the metabolic syndrome paradox, and the effect of the Mediterranean diet patterns, which are prevalent in the region. The study suggests that a variety of regional and country-specific factors could be causing or preventing the spread of cancer in Oman, at least, as far as prostate cancer is concerned. It highlights the positive effect of the Mediterranean diet that includes many vegetables, grain, and low amounts of fat, as one of the positive factors that prevent the apparition of cancer in Arabs. At the same time, it provides important information on genetic predisposition of the population towards particular kinds of cancer.
Breast cancer is considered to be among the most common types of cancers associated with women. A study published by Miri Cohen in 2013 reflects on the cultural perceptions of breast cancer among Arab women in Israel. According to Cohen (2013), Arab women in Israel have a low early screening attendance rate when compared to other groups of patients. Non-attendance is largely associated with personal religious views and beliefs in regards to healthcare, in particular, the “health belief” model, which states that perception of a disease will inevitably lead to one, thus provoking a reaction of not attending cancer screenings out of fear that it may provoke a disease. The research also showed a disparity of views towards cancer as a healthcare problem, ranging widely from traditional towards modern and integrated medical views on the subject, the latter being motivated by education and family background. The major supporting factors contributing towards survival and the desire to live among Arab breast cancer patients were concluded to be familial support, which is common due to the collective and clustered nature of Arab families, as well as religious guidance. This study is important in the scope of our research due to the fact that it reflects on Arab women in highly developed hospital settings, which are compatible to those in the Sultanate of Oman. At the same time, any information related specifically to Israeli healthcare was not used in the following discussion due to apparent differences between the two countries, the state religion, and the approach towards healthcare.
Oman is not the only state among the countries of the Arabian Peninsula that had experienced a gradual increase in cancer incidence. Other developed countries in the region, such as Qatar, have also experienced the same problem, which was largely motivated by the changes in lifestyle and the increasing westernization of the youth, as well as dietary changes and climatic alterations perceivable across the world. Donnely et al. (2013) find that the main factors for women not attending cancer screenings were a lack of doctor’s recommendation, fear, and embarrassment. All of these are culturally-motivated factors, stemming from the highly personal nature of cancer and the fear of being looked upon as “diseased” among Arab women. The results of this study correlate with the findings presented by Cohen (2013) pertaining the attitudes of Arab women towards cancer screenings in Israel, thus showing a cultural pattern of the issue being viewed as taboo. Unlike Israel, however, Qatar bears more similarities to Oman in terms of quality and national identity of healthcare, due to both being Arab nations. The results of this research show that the cultural views on cancer screenings in women remain similar across several countries in the Middle East and are largely motivated by cultural and religious homogeneity.
The ability to recognize symptoms of cancer is considered paramount to the efforts of early prevention of cancer, especially in countries such as Oman. At the same time, despite the overall level of healthcare being relatively high, especially when compared to the low-income and middle-income countries of the region, Oman has a surprisingly low level of public awareness of warning signs and symptoms of cancer. This could be a potential factor to contribute to the growing cancer incidence and mortality rates in Oman. A survey performed by Al-Azri et al. (2015) showed a surprising rate of ignorance in regards to the subject among Omani men and women aged 18 and older. According to the survey, total awareness of the participants who took the CAM (Cancer Awareness Measure) questionnaire amounted to 40.6%, which is very low. The survey managed to identify the major cultural, practical, and emotional barriers among the respondents. The most widespread barriers included the fear of the doctor actually finding any symptoms of cancer (65.6%), and the inability to talk the doctor about cancer (46.1%). The most common practical barrier to screening tests involved the inability to make the time for an appointment due to work and general business (75.1%). The study also showed that women were more likely to avoid medical help due to fear, shame, and embarrassment. This study highlights a major barrier for the Omani healthcare – as even the most efficient medical systems are powerless against cancer if it is reported too late. The research by Al-Azri et al. (2015) states an urgent need for the Sultanate of Oman to improve the public awareness and knowledge of cancer if the incidence and mortality rates for cancer are ever to go down. The results of this research resonate with other survey findings done in other countries, highlighting the fact that public healthcare in countries of the Arabian Peninsula has advanced faster than the public knowledge and perception of it.
Another study performed by Mohammed Al-Azri in 2016, titled “Delay in cancer diagnosis: Causes and possible solutions” addresses the necessity of early detection in cancer treatment. According to the researcher, cancer has a reasonably high treatment rate if addressed at the early stages of development. However, the more the disease progresses, the more likely it is for treatments to fail. Al-Azri reflects on the results of the CAM survey performed by him and his team in 2015 and states that one of the main reasons for delays in cancer diagnosis is related to the educational system of Oman. Although the standard school curriculum features extensive information about cancer, it never addresses any practical means of self-diagnosis and description of the symptoms, which is especially true for breast cancer. This conclusion resonates with the findings of the other researches mentioned in this list. However, Al-Azri highlights another problem that is more relevant to Omani healthcare system as a whole. The hospital system in the countries of the Arabian Peninsula is surprisingly uniform and consists of a network of local health centers and hospitals. Primary healthcare centers are supposed to identify possible symptoms of cancer and direct the patients for a more in-detail screening to a better-equipped facility. This creates a delay, which has the potential for further complications. In addition, the early diagnosing system is far from perfect, as the patient is often required to travel in order to get a second opinion, sometimes even abroad. This creates a loop in the continuity of care, which, in turn, causes delays and complications, reducing the probability of successful treatment.
Faith has a major influence on the people of Oman, and on Arabs in general, as Islam is the dominant religion in the region. According to the study conducted by Albar (1994), Islam as a religion strives to protect its tenants against cancer by prohibiting certain products and activities associated with cancer. For instance, Islam prohibits the use of tobacco, whether in smoking or chewing. Tobacco is known to be a major cancerogenic substance, responsible for the majority of lung cancer incidents around the world. At the same time, Islam prohibits excess in food consumption, as well as the consumption of certain fat-saturated meats, such as pork. Thus, it contributes to the overall healthiness of Arabs and acts as a preemptive measure against cancer. While this effect of the faith can be considered as positive, Islam may have a negative effect on early response and treatment to the disease.
This is due to the fact that the Qur’an sends several controversial messages in regards to diseases, which may have different effects and interpretations. For instance, Islam teaches not to fear death because our time on this plane of existence is short and that the soul is immortal, while the body is not. At the same time, Qur’an states that Allah sends troubles and misfortunes upon his servants to test their faith, and rewards those who patiently persevere. Lastly, according to Albar (1994), faithful Muslims who die of disease are considered martyrs in the eyes of Allah. These three factors, in combination, may lead the population to a conclusion that in order to ascend to a different plane of existence, they must not prolong their time in this world, and not seek treatment for cancer even at the stages when they could still be saved. While it is their personal decision, it does not help decreasing the incidence or morbidity of the disease.
The mass media play an important role in the promotion of health and education, as well as in forming the public opinion towards cancer prevention, cancer screenings, and cancer survivorship. Cancer survivorship, in particular, is being viewed as an example of fortitude, bravery, and dedication to life. A good example of this trend is a news article featured in Times of Oman, which tells the story of Doaa Elseoud, who was named the most inspiring cancer survivor in Oman (Afifi, 2017). In the interview regarding her survivorship, Doaa covers very important aspects of fighting cancer on an individual level – the importance of the support of friends and family, the importance of self-examination and early prevention, the value of discipline in enduring prolonged cancer treatments, as well as the positive influence of the Faith in her recovery (Afifi, 2017). She also touches the issue of cancer survivorship in Oman and other Arab countries, stated that there is an issue of perceived shaming of cancer survivorship. This causes many women to hide the signs of being treated, such as covering their heads when undergoing chemotherapy and not disclosing the issue with anyone, even close friends and family, thus denying themselves an important source of emotional support (Afifi, 2017).
Prospects for Oman to improve its cancer incense and survival rates are positive, however. The country is making an effort into solving the problems associated with cancer through higher quality of healthcare and the all-encompassing program of disease prevention. According to Times of Oman, since 2015, Oman has become the cancer-prevention body hub – an initiative that stretches beyond the borders of one single country, instead aiming to encompass the entire region. Other countries to partake in this effort are Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia, Kenya Tanzania, Egypt, Zambia and Tunisia (Blesson, 2015). This initiative involves cooperation between different healthcare systems in order to establish a united patient database, which would allow for faster sharing of data and result in the improved rates of cancer detection and prevention. The countries acknowledge the need for better disease prevention at the early stages due to the fact that chances of survival during the 3rd and 4th stages of cancer are extremely low (Blesson, 2015). The most common types of cancer for Arabic countries are stated to be breast cancer for women and prostate cancer for men. Cancers associated with the cardiovascular system are also becoming more common due to changes in lifestyle and diet (Blesson, 2015).
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After thoroughly reviewing the data assembled in the course of this research, it is possible to construct a cohesive picture of the situation in regards to perception, attitudes, and practice towards cancer early detection, prevention, and survivorship in Arab countries and Oman. This discussion will mostly focus on the identified problems found in the healthcare system and the public perception of the problem.
Although the country is stated to possess a highly developed healthcare system that is competent and well-equipped for handling cancer patients at all stages of development, the current system lacks the optimization required for a quick diagnosis of the disease. This is supported by Al-Azri (2016), who states that cancer incidence rates largely depend on how quickly they are diagnosed. The current system does not offer any effective ways of getting a second opinion on the diagnosis, which causes delays in the treatment and hurts the continuity of care.
The most common types of cancer encountered in Oman, and other countries of the Arabian Peninsula are breast cancer, prostate cancer, and cardiovascular cancers. This statement is supported by Hilal et al. (2015), Cohen (2013), and Donnely et al. (2013), who state that the Arabs are vulnerable to this particular type of cancer due to genetics, choices of food, changes from one lifestyle to another, pollution, and cultural barriers. Breast cancer is prevalent in women, while prostate cancer – in men.
The main mechanism of cancer detection and prevention, which is public awareness and education, is very poorly developed in Oman and other Arab countries. This data is supported by Al-Azri and his CAM survey conducted in 2015, as well as by other sources, to various degrees. The Omani system of healthcare education fails on all levels, from government programs to individual efforts performed by doctors and nurses. Cohen (2013) and Al-Azri (2016) both indicate that in many cases the doctors fail to convey any information about cancer to the patients. The school curriculums in Oman, while dedicating some attention to explaining the mechanisms of cancer, do not pay enough attention to describing the major symptoms and methods of self-diagnosis, which contributes to the lack of early diagnosis and prevention efforts.
The population in Oman and in other Arab countries expresses a wide range of opinions in regards to cancer detection and prevention. These range from traditionalist to modern biomedical perceptions and highly dependent on the personal background of a particular patient (Cohen, 2013). Despite this, the majority of the population in Oman have a skewered perception of cancer prevention, detection, and survivorship, which is demonstrated in feelings of fear and shame in patients, who are reluctant to undergo screenings (Donnely et al. 2013). This fear is associated with incomplete knowledge of what cancer is and how it is treated. The common stereotype is that cancer is largely incurable and that chemotherapy is a long and unhealthy procedure that makes a person suffer more in the long term. These beliefs are connected to the issue of cancer education, which was already mentioned in the previous section, and the absence of knowledge is thus replaced with rumors and stereotypes. In the Arab society, which is largely dominated by males, women feel particularly conscious about their health and appearance, and to them, cancer is associated with being diminished in value as a woman and a person, which leads to avoidance of cancer screenings and treatments (Donnely et al., 2013).
At the same time, the Arab society views cancer survivorship as something that a person should be hiding and ashamed of. Many cancer survivors are stated to hide the fact that they underwent chemotherapy, masking the signs of treatment underneath the clothes or under blankets overhead. Baldness, associated with patients that underwent chemotherapy, is shunned, particularly by women, who are expected to have long hair. This tendency, however, is a subject to changing, as more progressive views come into Oman and other Arab countries. The story of Doaa Elseoud showcases this trend, as cancer survivors are being turned from a shunned topic into becoming the symbols of bravery, endurance, and determination to live (Afifi, 2017).
The Islamic faith is stated to have an immense influence on Omani population, as well as on the populations of other Arab countries. However, this influence is controversial, as Islamic texts tend to have contradictory connotations, some of which have a positive meaning, while the others are detrimental to the acceptance of cancer treatment and all the necessary screenings. According to Albar (1994), Islamic faith tends to have a positive connotation in the prevention of cancer and promotion of a healthy way of life, while at the same time a negative connotation in regards to the acceptance of the disease and willingness to depart to another world, rather than clinging for life. The difference between undergoing necessary treatments and “clinging to life” is not explained clearly enough (Albar, 1994).
These are the major issues with the public opinion and the general state of Omani healthcare industry in regards to cancer prevention, detection, and survivorship. The following recommendations would address the issues identified in the discussion section, and describe the ways of how these issues could be overcome.
Conclusions and Recommendations
The following recommendations are to address the problem of early cancer prevention and detection by making improvements in the key areas and involve key stockholders that represent the healthcare industry, the government, and the Faith. Together, these stockholders are to adopt a complex and all-encompassing approach in order to improve cancer incidence and morbidity rates.
The first step that needs to be taken involves the promotion of healthcare education on all levels, ranging from schools to individuals. The curriculum must be revised in order to include the basics of self-examination and the major symptoms of cancer. In addition, all healthcare providers, from primary healthcare providers to major hospitals, to enroll in periodic information campaigns to inform the population about the dangers of cancer, major cancerogenic factors, self-care and self-diagnosis techniques, as well as major symptoms. The promotion of screening tests is encouraged. Screening tests should be subsidized by the Omani government in order to encourage the population to undergo them. These measures, when combined, would help shift the viewpoint of the Arabic population from traditional (which contains many harmful stereotypes) towards biomedical, which should improve the screening attendance rates and the overall attitude towards medical procedures.
Members of the Faith communities will play a paramount role in promoting a more positive attitude towards cancer detection, prevention, and survivorship. The leaders of Muslim religious communities must explain to their members in no uncertain terms that there is nothing shameful or wrong with screening tests and that not fighting for survival and doing everything in their power to live is against the will of Allah. One of the ignored tenets of Islam faith states that it is a sin against God to take one’s own life or to perform actions that would, in the end, lead to the termination of life. Inaction against cancer could be considered just that – a termination of life.
Social services, medical personnel, and faith communities are to work together in order to change the public opinion towards cancer detection, prevention, and survivorship in Oman. Working through mass-media and other available channels, it would be possible to improve the attendance to screenings and reduce the social stigma that follows cancer patients and cancer patients alike. Education is the answer. If the situation remains as it is, it is bound to get worse and lead to increased mortality and morbidity rates among the population.
Afifi, S. (2017). Doaa Elseoud: Meet the inspiring cancer survivor in Oman. Web.
Al-Azri, M.H. (2016). Delay in cancer diagnosis: Causes and possible solutions. Oman Medical Journal, 31(5), 325-326.
Al-Azri, M.H., Al-Hamedi, I, Al-Awisi, H., Al-Hinai, M., & Davidson, R. (2015). Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 16(7), 2731-2737.
Albar, M.A. (1994). Islamic teachings and cancer prevention. Journal of Family & Community Medicine, 1(1), 79-86.
Blesson, M.M. (2015). Oman to be cancer prevention hub. Web.
Cohen, M. (2013). An integrated view of cultural perceptions of cancer among Arab people in Israel. Health Psychology Review, 8(4), 490-508.
Donnely, T.T., Al Khater, A.H., Al-Bader, S.B., Al Kuwari, M.G., Al-Meer, N., … Fung, T. (2013). Beliefs and attitudes about breast cancer and screening practices among Arab women living in Qatar: a cross-sectional study. BMC Women’s Health, 13(49), 1-16.
Hilal, L., Shahait, M., Mukherji, D., Charafeddine, M., Farhat, Z., … Shamseddine, A. (2015). Prostate cancer in the Arab world: A view from the inside. Clinical Genitourinary Cancer, 13(6), 505-511.
IAEA. (2013). Sultanate of Oman faces the growing cancer burden. Web.
WHO. (2017). Cancer. Web.
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Prof. Boccaccini: keynote speaker at World Biomaterials Congress in Montreal
Prof. Aldo R. Boccaccini will be the keynote speaker in the New Frontiers symposium “Multifunctional biomolecular interfaces for orthopaedic applications” at the 10th World Biomaterials Congress (WBC) to be held in Montreal, Canada, May 17-22, 2016. The title of Prof. Boccaccini’s presentation will be: “Multifunctional and bioactive soft coatings by electrophoretic deposition”. The scientific program of WBC 2016 is available. Other presentations of our Institute will be “Electrospinning with benign solvents: feasibility study and versatile use of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) fibers” and “Functionalized poly(glycerol sebacate)/poly(butylene succinatedilinoleate electrospun scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering” by Dr. Liliana Liverani, “Tailoring the degradation behavior and the bioactivity of pure Mg by polycaprolactone/bioactive glass coatings” by Ms Yuyun Yang (PhD student) and “Increase in VEGF secretion induced by particles of porous silica glasses containing CuO and SrO” by Prof. Boccaccini.
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Peter Parker, otherwise known as spider-man, in South African has been disrupting the airways and breaking the internet(social media) with his killer dance moves. When he is not literally climbing walls he has been seen at social gatherings entertaining the crowd with amapaino music on the background. South African would not be a sovereign state if it did use its creativity when it comes to this marvel, enter Siphoman an African name given for the spider-man that has invaded our shores.
It is a ubiquitous trend in South Africa that Disney characters are given a Mzansi twist as they mascot to enter not only the young ones but anyone that is in search of pure entertainment. Let us back track to yesteryears when Hello kitty stated the whole dance moves, the mascot has set the tone for any “kids birthday party” with a marvel mascot.
Bookings of Siphoman to parties become a thing, it become obvious when one is an uncle to masquerade as Siphoman in contrast to the “real deal”, the spider the lights up the dance floor with his impeccable dance moves.
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There are so many amazing foods that start with the letter S, it’s hard to figure out where to even begin!
We could talk about salmon and spaghetti, but those are too easy.
And how about shrimp? They’re a favorite for salads and appetizers. But there’s also smoothies and salsa – both of which start with “S.” And how can we forget spinach? It’s one of our favorites because it makes amazing salads! There’s Spam, soy sauce…and more! So what do you think: Ready to go explore?
- 1 List of Foods That Start With S
- 1.1 Sage
- 1.2 Scallops
- 1.3 Sake
- 1.4 Shallots
- 1.5 Spinach
- 1.6 Soy
- 1.7 Salmon
- 1.8 Swiss Cheese
- 1.9 Saffron
- 1.10 Salad
- 1.11 Sushi
- 1.12 Schintzel
- 1.13 Snickers
- 1.14 Sesame Seeds
- 1.15 Smoothies
- 1.16 Strawberries
- 1.17 Spaghetti
- 1.18 Salsa
- 1.19 Star fruit
- 1.20 Sausage
- 1.21 Soy sauce
- 1.22 Snow Peas
- 1.23 Soup
- 1.24 Soba
- 1.25 Spaghetti Squash
- 1.26 Steak
- 1.27 Sweet Potato
- 1.28 Sun-Dried Tomatoes
- 1.29 Spam
- 1.30 Squash
- 1.31 Sardines
- 1.32 Shrimp
- 1.33 Sultanas
- 2 Wrap Up
List of Foods That Start With S
Sage comes from an aromatic plant in the mint family which can be found all over the world. When dried, sage leaves are hard and coarsely textured. The flavor is strong and it’s often used to season fatty cuts of meat, sausages, bread, soups, stuffings, or sauces for poultry.
A scallop is a type of shellfish that has a distinctive fan-shaped shell with ridges around it. This particular type of mollusk looks like it has multiple disks in its shell when gathered together on the ocean floor. Scallops can be eaten raw or cooked; they’re also often used in more complex dishes like soups and spaghetti sauces.
Sake is a rice wine made through the fermentation of rice, which was first created over 2,000 years ago in China. Sake is often described as a dry wine with complex flavors like apple, honey, nuts, and fish broth. It’s sometimes used to create sauces for meat dishes or light appetizers like fish cakes or spring rolls.
The shallot is a relative of the onion that has purplish-red skin and white flesh inside. Shallots have more depth than onions do with caramel undertones, which makes them perfect for heartier dishes like stews. These also go well with meats like steak!
Spinach is a dark green leafy vegetable that comes from the same family as beets and chard . You can use spinach to make a salad, pizza, lasagna, quiche, soup, smoothies, wraps, sandwiches, muffins, and more!
Soy is a top plant-based protein source. Soybeans are used to make soy milk, tofu, and other vegetarian meat substitutes like tempeh and textured vegetable protein (TVP). Soy also comes in the form of isolated soy proteins used in meat products like sausage or lunch meats.
Salmon is a type of fish found in the Pacific Ocean and North Atlantic. There are many different species of salmon, which vary in color from light pink to dark red. Salmon is often eaten as either smoked or canned; it can also be steamed, broiled, poached, or fried. Sake is also used for sauces served with salmon dishes.
Swiss cheese is created with cow’s milk and has a mild, nutty flavor. It’s used to make sandwiches like grilled cheese, burgers, and melts.
Saffron is a spice that comes from the flower Crocus sativus. It’s often considered one of the most expensive spices in the world because harvesting it is extremely labor-intensive. Saffron can vary widely in price, but it tends to be more expensive than other spices like black pepper and nutmeg. It has a sweet, honey-like taste and is often used to flavor rice dishes, fish stews, stews, soups, and paellas.
A salad is a dish that consists of a mixture of small pieces of food, arranged in a single serving. Most salads consist of vegetables or fruits; however, there are also seafood salads and some with chicken. A tossed salad can be prepared and served either in a large bowl or on a plate with an accompanying dressing.
Sushi is traditional Japanese food that includes cooked rice seasoned with vinegar, sugar, and salt; along with other ingredients like fish (tuna, salmon), cucumber, and avocado.
A schintzel is made by combining beef, veal, and sometimes pork with rice and onions. Schintzels can be served as a main course or side dish; they’re also eaten stuffed in sandwiches.
The snicker candy bar is a delicious treat that dates back to 1930 when it was first introduced in New England by Steve’s Candies. Originally sold for $0.10 per bar (equal to about $1 today), this delectable confection has become one of America’s favorite candies.
Sesame seeds are an extremely versatile food. They can be used to top breads, added to baked goods like pastries and cookies, or used in Asian dishes like sushi. Sesame seeds come from the sesame plant.
Smoothies can be made with a variety of ingredients and often allow you to add healthy ingredients like fruit and spinach without changing the flavor much! They’re an easy and delicious way to get in your daily dose of vitamins and minerals.
Strawberries are small, sweet fruits that usually come sliced and topped with whipped cream. They can also be used to make smoothies, cakes, jam, and salads.
Spaghetti is a type of pasta that comes in long strands. It’s often used with a red sauce, which is made from cooked canned tomatoes, tomato paste, olive oil, garlic, and oregano. It can be used in many different dishes like baked ziti, spaghetti pie, pot pies.
Salsa comes from the Spanish word for “sauce” so technically any sauce made by blending together ingredients is considered salsa. However, most people think of salsa as being a mixture of chopped tomatoes, onions, chili peppers, garlic, cilantro leaves, and lime juice that is served as an accompaniment to tortilla chips or tamales.
Star fruit is shaped like a star with five points that are edible. They can be eaten raw or used as an ingredient in dishes like chutney, salsa, and fruit salads.
A sausage is a food that consists of ground meat that has been stuffed into a casing made from animal intestines or synthetic materials like plastic. Most sausages contain pork and beef, poultry, lamb, duck, venison, buffalo, or other meats. Sausages are usually categorized by their mixing of the main ingredient (for example, beef sausage) and their region of origin (like Italian sausage). Sausage can be served fried, grilled, steamed, baked, or broiled.
Soy sauce is important for flavoring Asian dishes like teriyaki chicken, sushi rice, noodles, salad dressings, and stir fry. There are different varieties that include light soy sauce (cheaper) and dark soy sauce (tangier), which can be used interchangeably.
Snow peas are commonly used as an ingredient in stir fries, but they can also be enjoyed on their own! They have a deliciously sweet flavor and a soft texture.
Soup can be cooked with practically any ingredients you want to add in it. It’s an easy way to get protein, vegetables, carbohydrates or any other food groups into your diet when combined properly. Soup can be eaten as a starter or a main course depending on its ingredients.
Soba is a type of noodle used in Japanese cooking that’s made from buckwheat flour. This nutritious option is low calorie, gluten free, and vegan friendly!
Spaghetti squash has an interesting shape resembling strands of spaghetti. It’s neither tomato nor pasta, but the texture of spaghetti squash is slightly stringier than actual spaghetti. Spaghetti squash can be baked or microwaved.
Steak is beef that has been cut into thin pieces. It’s often seasoned with salt, pepper, and garlic powder before being cooked in a pan or grilled to desired doneness. Steaks are usually served with a starch, like mashed potatoes, and veggies.
A sweet potato is a dark purple, orange, or yellow root vegetable that is usually baked and topped with butter, salt, and pepper. It can be used to make fries, mashed sweet potatoes, or as a side dish with other meals.
Sun-dried tomatoes are small, red tomatoes that have been dried under the sun. They’re often used to add flavor and color to pasta dishes, salads, and rice.
Spam is a type of chopped pork shoulder that has been preserved in a can with salt or other substances. It’s often used as an ingredient in dishes like Spam musubi, fried rice, casseroles, and breakfast sandwiches.
Squash are softball-sized fruits that include summer and winter varieties. They’re often used in side dishes like sweet potato-butternut squash casserole, fried zucchini rounds, and grilled vegetables.
Sardines are a type of small, oily fish. They’re commonly eaten as either canned or fresh-packed sardines, which have been soaked in wine and olive oil. In many parts of the world, they’re considered a popular delicacy because they’re less expensive than meat but still provide a good amount of protein and nutrients. Sardines can be fried or sautéed with other spices to enhance their flavor.
You may know shrimp as seafood, but its meat actually comes from crustaceans related to lobsters and crabs! Shrimp can be eaten on their own or cooked in dishes like scampi, shrimp fried rice, and more.
Sultanas are small dried grapes that are often used in baking like breads, cakes ,and cookies. They can also be used in desserts like date squares or crumbles.
The list of foods that start with the letter S is a long one. There are so many different types of food from all over the world, it can be hard to keep track!
Now that we’ve covered the letter “S” and all of its delicious foods, It’s time to have a look at some lists like this- perhaps starting with another letter?
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Chemical peels are used for the treatment of rough, discolored, sun-damaged skin. They also aid in the treatment of acne and improve fine lines by promoting the growth of new collagen and improving the texture and tone of your skin. The results will leave you with soft and smooth, evenly-toned, glowing skin. A series of peels is recommended in order to achieve the best results. Ask Dr. Rasmussen which chemical peel is right for you.
- Safe & Effective
- Minimal Downtime
- Rejuvenates Sun Damaged Skin
- Diminishes Fine Lines
- Decreases Acne
- Evens Out Discoloration (ideal for melasma)
Many peeling agents are used in our office to include Glycolic acid, Jessner's solution, Modified Jessner's solution and TCA solutions.
Superficial peeling agents like glycolic acid and the Jessner's solutions are designed to dissolve the top layer of the stratum corneum with will help provide a smoother, softer appearance of the skin. They also act deeper in the skin layers to improve fine lines and even out discoloration in the skin. They are highly effective in the treatment of melasma.
Common Questions & Answers About Chemical Peels
What are Chemical Peels?
Chemical Peels are non-invasive, painless treatments that will increase the production of collagen, improve skin discoloration, improve acne and result in new smoother, tighter, more hydrated skin, leaving you with a clearer, more youthful complexion.
Where can Chemical Peels be used?
The most common areas are the face, neck colletage; however, it can be used anywhere on the body.
How long does a treatment take?
A treatment normally takes between 15-20 minutes, although time varies depending
Book your consultation at 512-292-5182
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People also ask
How should ice skates fit?
If you’re not used to them, the question of how ice skates should fit is an important one. Most people will say hockey skates should fit tight鈥攂ut how tight? For youth sizes, you should be able to place one finger between the inside of the boot and the heel of your foot.
How to choose the right hockey skates for You?
Now get into an athletic stance (the hockey stance) in this stance your heel should lock more into place and your toes should not be rubbing on the toe cap anymore. The stiffness of your skates is also important when considering the right fit. Some skates are designed with very stiff boots and some are designed with less stiff boots.
What size hockey skates should my child wear?
Fitting youth hockey skates is simple. Youth skates should fit 1 鈥?1.5 sizes smaller than the child鈥檚 normal street shoes. Toes should barely touch the toe cap, and there should be a maximum of of space in the heel.
How do I know if my skates are the right size?
The finger test will ensure your skates are the right size, and that you have the right ankle fit. Lace the skate up tight as if you are going to play hockey. Lean forward and bend your knees (like you are in the hockey stance). Now reach back to the heel of the skate and see how much of a gap there is between your heel and the skate.
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This post addresses some legal issues raised in the Vaccine Whistleblower book. The first part explains whistleblower protections and how Dr. Thompson’s allegations fit into them. The second part addresses Dr. Thompson’s suggestion of an independent research agency. The third part explains why the book’s claim that school mandates violate international human rights is incorrect.
A note on the book: Chapters 1 is an executive summary of Chapters 2-5, the interview transcripts; Chapters 6-12 are the author Kevin Barry’s thoughts on what should be done. (Note that Dr. Gorski has also discussed this book from the perspective of the science.)
Prologue: to set the scene
The “Vaccine Whistleblower Book” has four transcripts of telephone conversations between William Thompson and Brian Hooker, recorded between May 1, 2014 and July 28, 2014.
Hooker has elsewhere stated that these conversations were only four of over thirty conversations between Thompson and Hooker. Hooker asserts these conversations began in November, 2013, and that Thompson initiated the conversations. It is not clear if these four recorded conversations were the only ones during that time frame, or what was discussed in the non-recorded conversations.
William Thompson was a co-author on a number of vaccine-safety studies published by the CDC. The most salient one for this discussion is (hereinafter DeStefano 2004):
DeStefano F, Bhasin TK, Thompson WW, Yeargin-Allsopp M, Boyle C. Age at first measles-mumps-rubella vaccination in children with autism and school-matched control subjects: a population-based study in metropolitan Atlanta. Pediatrics. 2004 Feb;113(2):259-66. PMID 14754936
It is not clear why Thompson became concerned enough to reach out in 2013 about a paper that had been published almost a decade previously.
Part I: Whistleblower protections in the United States:
When a federal employee discloses wrongdoing that he or she has a “reasonable belief” falls into certain categories in the United States, the law protects the employee from retaliation by the agency he or she exposed (or tried to expose). That’s the heart of whistleblower protections. It’s important to remember that both the Whistleblower Protection Act and the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act seek to provide broad and strong protections to employees disclosing wrongdoing, and Congress clearly signaled a desire to interpret doubts in the disclosing employee’s favor — though that does not translate into automatic protection.
It’s also important to point out that these protections only come into play if there was alleged retaliation by the agency in response to a disclosure.
An employee does not claim whistleblower status in abstract. An employee discloses information about wrongdoing; then, if the agency retaliates, whistleblower protections provide a remedy to the employee (there are a number of other contexts in which we use the term whistleblower that are less relevant here).
How do these whistleblower protections apply to Dr. Thompson?
Disclose to whom?
Dr. Thompson did not go higher up in CDC, to another agency, to the administration, to Congress or the press directly. What he did do is have a long series of phone conversations with a private citizen — Dr. Brian Hooker — in which he complained about his colleagues’ conduct. But that does not negate the protections: they come in to force, with some exceptions that don’t apply here, regardless of to whom the disclosures were made (5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8)(A)).
That said, if Dr. Thompson’s goal was to correct wrongdoing, his choice of channel to correct it was strange, to say the least. According to the transcripts, Dr. Thompson only hired legal representation in May 2014, when the possibility of his involvement becoming public was raised (p. 24, chapter 3). So he didn’t have the benefit of legal counsel when he decided to call Dr. Hooker initially. But if you think there is serious wrongdoing in your agency and you want to effectively redress it, is calling an individual that is not only part of the administration but is in many ways an outsider the best way to do so? Dr. Thompson could have hired legal counsel in 2013, or done a Google search on, for example, whistleblower, government and wrongdoing — the first result of which is the Office of Special Counsel whose mandate includes protecting whistleblowers. He could have gone to the press. He could have tried a number of things that would be more effective than calling Dr. Hooker, even if he thought Dr. Hooker had some connections to members of Congress. It may be unfair to criticize Dr. Thompson in hindsight — he may not have thought of this or been well informed on how to report alleged government misconduct — but it is still a strange choice.
Do his allegations fall into protected categories?
In 2012, to broaden protection for whistleblowers, Congress passed the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act (WPEA). Relevant to us, section 110 of the Act applies whistleblower protections to scientists that seek to disclose acts they reasonably believe consist of “censorship related to research, analysis, or technical information that cause, or will cause, gross government waste or mismanagement, an abuse of authority, a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety, or any violation of law.” Censorship is defined as: “any effort to distort, misrepresent, or suppress research, analysis, or technical information.” Dr. Thompson claims he saw acts of suppressing research and analysis that could be directly related to the public health, to harm to children. If his belief is reasonable, whistleblower protections would apply to him.
What is reasonable belief, and Did Dr. Thompson have it?
Reasonable belief asks:
whether, given the information available to the whistleblower, a person standing in his shoes could reasonably believe that the disclosed information evidences one of the identified conditions in the statute.
from The U.S. Office of Special Counsel’s Role in Protecting Whistleblowers and Serving as a Safe Channel for Government Employees to Disclose Wrongdoing, drawing on these cases: Fitches v. Dep’t of the Air Force, 82 M.S.P.R. 68 (1999); Gores v. Dep’t of Veterans Affairs, 68 M.S.P.R. 100 (1995)
The information does not have to be true, and the focus is on the whistleblower’s state of mind, not the listener. The whistleblower’s motives — for example, a desire to get even with a co-worker — do not negate the protection and are not directly connected to the reasonableness of the belief.
Given the holes in the facts in the book and my lack of familiarity with the day-to-day realities of the scientific process, I cannot really assess whether Dr. Thompson had reasonable belief that his co-authors engaged in “any effort to distort, misrepresent, or suppress research, analysis, or technical information.” I would assume his belief was sincere, but I don’t know if it was reasonable. All I can say is that there is a good chance that an administrative official or judge that does not have a background in science will, given the intent to make whistleblower protections broad, give Dr. Thompson the benefit of the doubt — if his agency acted against him and whistleblower protections were needed.
So far, there is no indication the CDC acted against Dr. Thompson, so there was no retaliation to trigger the protections in the Act. It’s important to note that if there is reasonable belief by the employee that he is disclosing something that falls under the headings in the act, the agency has a heavy burden to support any action against him. If there is evidence that the disclosure was a contributing factor in the act against the employee, and knowing about the disclosure and the action being close in time to the disclosure can create such a case (as can other types of evidence), the agency:
can avoid liability only if it demonstrates by clear and convincing evidence that it would have taken the same action in the absence of the whistleblowing.
It makes sense, therefore, that the CDC will be very careful not to take actions that could be seen as retaliation against Thompson if they believe his claims could possibly meet the standards in the whistleblower protection acts.
One more point on this deserves addressing. On page 111 Mr. Barry, the book’s author, claims that Dr. Thompson needs to be subpoenaed to testify before Congress because “it is unlikely that his attorney, an expert in whistleblower cases, would allow him to testify unless compelled.” It’s not quite clear why Mr. Barry thinks that. First, Dr. Thompson is an adult; he doesn’t need permission to testify, though he would be wise to listen to the experienced legal counsel he hired. Second, if his goal, as suggested in the transcripts, is to achieve meaningful reform, why wait for a subpoena? As his lawyer, who specializes in these areas, could have pointed out, the OSC can require an investigation by the agency and then make recommendations to Congress and the CDC. Neither is bound by the OSC’s recommendations, but recommendations by a specialized agency focusing on whistleblowing will almost certainly have an impact. And if Congress decided to investigate before the OSC is done, it could. If the CDC wanted to retaliate, whistleblower protection would come into play with or without a subpoena.
The only explanation I can think of is that Dr. Thompson thinks he may be criminally liable for something, and thinks a subpoena would guarantee immunity. It won’t, however. The only situation in which a subpoena would mean immunity is if Dr. Thompson was forced to testify after asserting a Fifth Amendment claim before Congress. Congress can grant immunity, or partial immunity (meaning Dr. Thompson can still be prosecuted, but not using his own testimony), but doesn’t have to, and it’s not an automatic part of a subpoena. These are two separate things.
Part II: Thompson’s suggestions for reform of vaccine safety oversight
On page 69 to the book, Dr. Thompson explains his suggestion for solving the problems he identifies in CDC’s decision making. He says:
It would end this way. That you would end up with an agency like the National Transportation Safety Board. You know, the FAA; then there’d be NTSB. The FAA is responsible for regulating all sorts of things, but then when an accident happens, you bring in the NTSB. So, you would have the equivalent of an NTSB-like organization that would do vaccine safety studies independently.
Dr. Thompson suggests an institutional solution to the problem he identified. Institutional design is a well-accepted — and heavily studied — part of public administration. But both Dr. Thompson’s problem definition and his proposed solution seem simplistic. Dr. Thompson — and the authors of the book — seem to think the problem is that the CDC has complete control over studying and monitoring vaccine safety, which enables the agency to rig results, and that there is a lack of independence (from industry, presumably?) that motivates it to actually do so. Thompson also seems to think a separate agency will solve the independence problem. Neither part is correct.
Vaccine safety monitoring is done by multiple actors
Even in the United States alone, vaccine safety is handled by more than one body, with a complex interaction both at the federal and state level. To give a simplified and partial picture, the FDA regulates licensing of vaccines, including governing clinical trials, pre and post licensure safety and effectiveness studies, labeling, manufacturing quality, and so forth. A CDC advisory committee recommends vaccines that are then approved by the CDC Director for specific populations. Even there, it’s not the CDC staff, but an advisory committee made of experts and a consumer representative, that makes recommendations which the head of the CDC confirms, and recommendations are also made, on that issue, by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Family Physicians. Federal advisory committee are heavily regulated by the Federal Advisory Committees Act, which among other things imposes requirements of transparency. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices debates in public and provides detailed, heavily referenced recommendations that are then published (though often a while after they are made): nothing is hidden. The recommendations draw on studies not only from the United States but from the entire world. And those are recommendations: they do not automatically translate into mandates in any state, though they certainly influence the mandates.
In other words, the CDC is not a classic regulatory agency at all. It certainly has an influence on vaccine usage; but it’s not the CDC that can fine manufacturers for wrongdoing or oversees clinical trials. The CDC has additional roles — vaccine distributor; information provision to the public; a role in programs funding vaccines for certain populations; monitoring vaccine usage; and a responsibility for preventing diseases beyond vaccinating alone, for example, via monitoring cases. None of these make it a regulatory agency in the classic sense, and it has not been treated or studied as one.
A large part of the CDC’s role in vaccine regulation is close to NTSB’s role in air safety — research and investigate and recommend after the fact, though Dr. Thompson is right that it is more involved in actually handling vaccines and their influence than NTSB is. But the CDC is still probably closer to NTSB than FAA in this comparison. FDA is the main regulatory agency.
The CDC has a role in monitoring vaccine safety. Part of that role is doing studies. Another is that the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System is partly managed by the CDC. But the CDC is not alone in handling vaccine safety: the FDA has a part in that, as does the Institute of Medicine, a private body. Vaccine safety studies post-licensure (which are massive) are done through the Vaccine Safety DataLink. And the studies and results are collected and analyzed primarily by academic researchers independent of the CDC. Researchers in other countries also do studies, and other governments also monitor vaccines, with the information coming from multiple directions.
The diffusion of responsibility between several actors prevents each single actor from completely controlling the information on vaccine safety. The fact that many studies are done abroad also limits the ability of the CDC to control the information. Why would creating one specialized agency guarantee more accountability than a variety of actors that can check each other?
Independence and its feasibility
The second concern those promoting the CDC whistleblower story have is that the CDC’s personnel is too involved with industry in some way — a claim certainly made by Mr. Kennedy in his forward (p. xix) and by Mr. Barry himself (p. xxi and 6). It may be that this is part of Dr. Thompson’s concern.
If that’s what is on his mind, Dr. Thompson should ask himself where members of NTSB come from. According to the board’s website there are currently four members of the board. One previously served with the FAA, one has served with both the CDC and the American Automobile Association; the third was a professional pilot for three decades and worked in regulatory affairs in US Airways; and the fourth had a long career with an airplane manufacturer. The last two, in other words, came from industry, and the Chair came from the FAA.
Reality check: in a specialized area, the majority of people involved in regulation and policy would often have served in more than one role and moved between the players. That’s because their expertise will be sought out. Specialized training takes a long time and is then often sought out by different actors. And often experts have to get hands-on experience somewhere, and in a specialized field the options are limited. And you often want the people regulating to have a mixture of theoretical knowledge and hands-on experience in the area.
You do not want people with no background in air safety having the major say in regulating it or investigating accidents, because lack of expertise, however good the intentions, can easily lead to bad results in a technical area that have real safety implications. For exactly the same reason you do not want people who do not understand infectious diseases and the vaccines that prevent them having the main say on regulating or monitoring them, because they will get it wrong, potentially with very, very bad results. Experts can get it wrong too — but hopefully, much less often. Is there a risk of corruption? Of course. That’s why we want multiple actors and divisions of labor, as well as mechanisms of accountability in place. That’s why you want to think about designing incentives. But you will not be able to get rid of interconnections between the players in a specialized field. Not going to happen, not without sacrificing expertise and knowledge, again, with potentially much, much worse consequences.
Thinking that you can create a magically independent agency to regulate vaccine safety and populate it with people that know what they are doing but do not have connections to industry or other government agencies involved with vaccines is simply unrealistic.
Even if there was extensive evidence of corruption and wrongdoing of the CDC — and the book has not provided that — creating another agency is no panacea, and has very real costs, monetary and in terms of the coordination that will need to happen with that agency. Some more sophisticated thought would be needed to truly analyze what, if any, are the problems with CDC and how to solve them.
Part III: School Mandates and Human Rights
On pp. 128-129 (Chapter 11: First Principles and Moral Courage), Barry argues that freedom from vaccination — and in that case explicitly the freedom of a parent to refuse vaccination for her child — is a human right. This is not the first time we have heard that argument — it was made by Ms. Holland in her article in the book Vaccine Epidemic, chapter 1. Here, as there, it’s used as an attack on school mandates, claiming they violate informed consent. The twist added in Vaccine Whistleblower is to base the opposition on what Barry interprets Dr. Thompson to have disclosed. The passage reads:
If a state is going to force its judgment on a citizen or a parent regarding vaccination (a preventative medical intervention), the safety studies supporting those vaccines must be rock solid. According to Dr. Thompson, the studies are anything but rock solid. The quality of vaccine safety studies is insufficient to support mandatory vaccination.
Given what Dr. Thompson has disclosed, parents should not be removed from the decision-making regarding the health of their children. Parents know their own children’s and their own family’s health history better than their pediatricians and their elected representatives. Parents also know their religious beliefs and their personal relationships with God better than pediatricians, their elected representatives, and employees of their school districts.
The initial premise is incorrect in several ways; and the additional claim also doesn’t hold water.
First, while I would agree that generally an adult of sound mind should not be forced physically to undergo any medical procedure, including vaccination, though there may be consequences to such refusal (such as quarantine or limiting access to some jobs), the protections do not apply in the same way to children — who do not have a choice either way. This discussion is not about bodily autonomy — which is why the comparison to rape made by anti-vaccine activists is not just reprehensible but incorrect. The question here is the extent of parental rights to make medical decisions for their child.
The view that parents have a human right to refuse vaccination for their children is problematic. Parents usually have a right to make medical decisions for their child — but that right is not, and for some time has not been, absolute — and that’s a good thing. Children are no longer property of their parents, to break and use as the parents will. Modern thinking raises three reasons to support the rights of parents to make those decisions (for a more complete discussion, see “The Rights of the Unvaccinated Child: The Legal Framework“).
First and most important, a child is — generally correctly — considered cognitively unable to make those decisions. Someone has to make them for the child, and in most circumstances it’s the parent who stands as the child’s agent, and makes decisions for the child, since usually the parent can be trusted to represent the child’s best interests.
Second, the parent usually has the responsibility to cover costs of treatment and to deal with the child in many ways. With such responsibility should come the power to make decisions that fit the family’s means and abilities.
Third, we respect privacy of the family and its autonomy, and want to minimize government interference in it. Most iterations of the “my child, my choice” argument seem to emphasize the third reason — but that is, clearly, much weaker than the first.
The main reason to give parents rights is because we hope and believe that usually parents will be the best person to protect the child’s interests. The child is an autonomous being, and children have rights. Parental rights are already limited and regulated by the state. Parents cannot starve or abuse the child. Parents cannot, in California, leave a young child unattended in a car. There are already clear limits on parental powers over a child’s welfare. Given the dramatic imbalance between the risks of vaccinating and the risks of not vaccinating, the state has the authority to step in in this area, too.
If anything, the human right at issue here is the child’s right to health, the right to be protected against preventable diseases via the simple, safe precaution of vaccinating. Not the right of the parent to deprive their child from such protection because they subscribe to anti-vaccine misinformation.
Indeed, in Prince v. Massachusetts, the seminal case about the limits of religious rights when it comes to children’s welfare, the Supreme Court, in a statement that wasn’t part of the ruling but has been incredibly influential, based its support of forced vaccination in part on that:
[a parent] cannot claim freedom from compulsory vaccination for the child more than for himself on religious grounds. The right to practice religion freely does not include liberty to expose the community or the child to communicable disease or the latter to ill health or death.
Prince v. Massachusetts, 321 U.S. 158, 166–67 (1944)
And in another case from New York, a court found not vaccinating against measles, during an outbreak, can amount to medical neglect. (In re Christine M., 595 N.Y.S.2d 606, 616 (N.Y. Fam. Ct. 1992)).
To be clear, my view is that as long as dangerous diseases are reasonably under control in the United States, as long as the threat is not immediate, the state usually should not intervene and force vaccinating. But that’s not because the state does not have authority to intervene. It’s because parental rights, for the reasons above, matter, and where we can respect them without irreversible harm to the child, we should. We have other ways to increase immunization rates besides forcing unwilling parents to vaccinate, and as long as rates of non-vaccination are kept low, herd immunity can protect children. We should avoid the most extreme step unless the child is at immediate risk.
But the state can and should use other means to increase rates, to protect all children and others who may be harmed by disease — including, perhaps especially, children whose parents deny them vaccines.
School mandates are not force vaccinating
Furthermore, school mandates are not “force vaccinating”. Yes, it can seem intrusive and hard to parents who find homeschooling very difficult. But there is a difference in the degree of state intervention and the level of coerciveness. Contrary to some of the language we have heard, school immunization mandates do not mean anyone will be coming to the house of parents with a gun and force vaccinating, or throwing parents in jail. It’s just not direct coercion.
Even if we acknowledge parental rights to refuse vaccination in most circumstances, that does not mean they have a corresponding right to send that child to school unvaccinated and risk other students’ health. School immunization mandates are a traditional public health policy in the United States, dating back to the 19th century, and they have been upheld by every court, state or federal, that ruled on them, because even the strongest formulation of parental rights does not give a parent a right to impose the risk of disease they choose for their own child on others or their children. Your child is not the only one at school; low vaccination rates make schools less safe for others; and a parent does not have a right to make that choice for other parents and their children.
School mandates and Dr. Thompson’s claims
As to the claim that Dr. Thompson’s allegation are an argument against mandates — first, it’s not clear that Dr. Thompson’s claims undermine even the 2004 paper, as Dr. Gorski’s review of the book demonstrates. Second, the 2004 paper is not the only one on MMR, and is not actually a “principal” one, in spite of the book’s claims; even for MMR, it’s one of many studies — and a small, localized study, with substantially less power than, for example, the large scale Danish or Finnish studies. Third, even if the alleged connection had power, and if the 2004 paper was the only or principal paper on MMR, it would be relevant, at most, for African American boys who received the MMR between 18-36 months: so if an African American boy was not vaccinated on time, the solution is simple: vaccinate after the age of 36 months, where no correlation was found. It certainly does not support the wholesale exemption of children from immunization mandates, something that would increase the risk of disease in schools.
Contrary to the author’s claims, the transcripts do not negate the science examining if there’s a link between MMR and autism, or vaccines and autism generally. They are not an argument against school immunization mandates — a traditional policy, aimed at making schools safer.
Dorit Reiss is a law professor in the UC Hastings College of the Law. She received her LLB from the Hebrew University and her Ph.D. from the Jurisprudence and Social Policy program in UC Berkeley. She first became interested in vaccine-related issues after her first son’s birth when she discovered through parenting blogs that there was an anti-vaccine movement. Over the last few years she has become more involved in activism and writing related to vaccine law and policy.
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Dogs may cause cystitis! Pooches increase their owners’ risk of UTIs
- Two infection sufferers carried the same bacteria found in their dogs’ faeces
- One patient recovered after 10 months but their owner still carried the bacteria
- This suggests the dog is a persistent bacteria carrier and infected its owner
- Researchers advise people be cautious around their dogs and avoid being licked
- Genital infections affect many women at some point and are common after sex
Dogs may cause urinary tract infections (UTIs), such as cystitis, new research suggests.
Two patients receiving hospital treatment for the condition carried the same infection-causing bacteria that was found in their dogs’ faeces, a study found.
Although one of the patients had recovered after almost a year, their dog still harboured the bacteria, which suggests it is a permanent carrier and transmitted the infection to its owner, according to the researchers.
It is unclear how dogs may infect their owners with UTIs. Nonetheless, study author Dr Peter Damborg, from the University of Copenhagen, urges pet owners to avoid being licked by their animals, particularly if they have weak immune systems.
UTIs affect many women at some point in their lives and are usually caused by bacteria entering their urinary tracts from their bowels, which can occur during sex.
Dogs may cause urinary tract infections (UTIs), such as cystitis, new research suggests (stock)
CAN GUINEA PIGS GIVE PEOPLE PNEUMONIA?
Guinea pigs are making people ill, a report suggested in September 2017.
In three years, at least as many people have been taken to hospital after developing life-threatening pneumonia from their furry friends, a study by Bernhoven Hospital, Netherlands, found.
The incidences involved two women and one man; all were in their early 30s.
Out of the three patients, two were submitted to intensive care. They both had guinea pigs as pets who had recently shown respiratory symptoms.
The man had two guinea pigs, while one of the female patients had 25.
The other woman worked in a vet clinic where she cared for guinea pigs suffering from pink eye and nasal inflammation.
Patient samples revealed the presence of bacteria associated with pneumonia.
In one of the individuals, this bacteria could be traced back to a specific guinea pig.
Most guinea pigs likely harbour the bacteria responsible for the inflammatory lung condition, which is detectable by the animals developing pink eye.
Dr Steven Gordon, chair of infectious disease at the Cleveland Clinic, who was not involved in the study, said: ‘We love our pets, but we’ve got to be smart about pets and hygiene.
‘We should be washing our hands after pet contact, and certain high-risk people – like those with compromised immune systems – should avoid contact with pets.’
Avoid being licked by your dog
Dr Damborg told the New Scientist: ‘I think that people in general should take precautions when in contact with their pets.
‘If someone has a compromised immune system, then this point is even more important as they are more at risk for infections.’
Such people may include those undergoing chemotherapy or organ transplants.
Dr Damborg adds that although none of the study’s participants appeared to catch infections from their cats, this could theoretically occur.
How the research was carried out
The researchers analysed 119 patients being treated at Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, for a UTI, of which 19 lived with either cats or dogs.
The pet owners swabbed their animals’ faeces at the start of the study and again 10 months later.
The findings were published in the journal bioRxiv.
Parasite in cats’ faeces may cause Alzheimer’s and even cancer
This comes after research released last September suggested a parasite that is commonly found in cats’ faeces may cause Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and even cancer.
Toxoplasma gondii, which is carried by around 30 per cent of cats at any one time and sheds in their stools, may alter more than 1,000 genes associated with cancer, a study found.
Once a human is infected, proteins from the parasite could also alter communication between brain cells, which may increase a person’s risk of developing Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and epilepsy, the research adds.
Up until now, only pregnant women were advised to avoid cat faeces due to the parasite being known to cause miscarriages, still births and damage to foetus’ development, particularly their brain and eyes.
Infections often seem harmless, with few people experiencing symptoms and just a few showing signs of mild flu.
Study author Dr Dennis Steindler, from Tufts University in Massachusetts, said: ‘This study is a paradigm shifter.’
Source: Read Full Article
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Saving for a child's college education was once simpler and much more affordable in the past. There were also a lot fewer tax breaks to navigate. Over time, the tax rules have evolved, leading to a confusing array of tax-advantaged college savings accounts, tax credits, and other tax breaks available to families trying to fund a child's college education. Here we take a look at what the tax consequences are for various college savings plans.
- Every college savings plan has its limits and depends on the parents' income level.
- Parents can invest in bond programs or mutual funds through a 529 Plan or a Coverdell Education Savings Account.
- The Lifetime Learning Credit is a credit that provides a tax savings of up to $2,000 per year.
- Full-time employees are eligible for tax-free employer contributions for a certain portion of their educational costs.
Tax-Advantaged College Savings Plans
The first tax-advantaged college savings opportunity was instituted back in 1990. The Education Savings Bond Program ensured that taxpayers would not pay taxes on interest earned on certain government bonds redeemed to pay for a child's tuition. Series EE Bonds and Series I Bonds qualify.
The bond must be in your name or the name of you and your spouse in order to qualify. This means bonds issued in your child's name are not eligible. Plus, you won't benefit from this tax break unless your 2021 modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) is less than $153,550 if married or $97,350 if single (for 2022, MAGI must be less than $158,650 for married filers and $100,800 for single filers).
If you prefer to invest in mutual funds to save for a child's college education, you may also want to consider a 529 Plan or a Coverdell Education Savings Account (ESA). The Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement (SECURE) Act signed into law by President Donald Trump in December 2019 expands the use of 529 and ESA plans by allowing up to $10,000 to be used for student loan payments. Funds in these plans may also be used to cover the costs of an apprenticeship program, provided the program is approved by the U.S. Department of Labor.
Both 529 Plans and Coverdell Educational Savings Accounts offer tax-deferred growth as long as the money remains invested. But they aren't the same. Here's how these plans differ:
- Maximum Annual Contribution: You can contribute up to $2,000 per year per child into an ESA. 529 plan beneficiaries can have a maximum account balance between $235,000 and $529,000, depending on the state.
- Tax-Free Distributions: Distributions from both plans that are used to pay for qualified education expenses are tax-free. But you can also make tax-free withdrawals from an ESA to pay for private kindergarten, elementary school, and high school.
- Income Limitation: The amount of your ESA interest exclusion is gradually reduced if you are a single filer and your MAGI is between $95,000 and $110,000, or if your MAGI is between 190,000 and $220,000 and you file a joint return. You cannot exclude any interest if your MAGI is over the limits. With a 529 Plan, there are no income limitations.
This may have you wondering which opportunity makes the most sense for you. There isn't a simple answer. It all depends on your specific situation and how much you plan to save for your child's education.
With a number of different tax breaks available, coordinating opportunities to minimize the after-tax cost of sending a child to college is quite a challenge.
Tax Credits for College Tuition
A federal tax credit, known as the Lifetime Learning Credit, is equal to 20% of the first $10,000 of qualified educational expenses incurred each year providing you with a tax savings of up to $2,000 per year.
Like many other provisions, there is an income threshold for these tax breaks as well. For full credit, your MAGI for 2022 must be between $80,000 and $90,000 for singles and $160,000 to $180,000 if if married filing jointly (unchanged from 2021 figures).
Also, some states offer a tax credit for contributions to a 529 plan. For example, Indiana taxpayers can get a state income tax credit equal to 20% of their contributions to a CollegeChoice 529 account, up to $1,000 per year ($500 for married filing separately). In Vermont, filers can get a 10% tax credit on as much as $2,500 given for a single beneficiary, or $5,000 for a joint beneficiary, meaning the maximum tax credit per taxpayer is $250 per beneficiary.
Be careful not to overlook how each of these tax-saving strategies might impact the financial aid package your family ultimately receives.
More Tax Breaks
If you work full-time while taking classes, the government allows your employer to pay up to $5,250 toward your education each year including tuition, books, supplies, and equipment. Under the current rules, this tax-free benefit applies to undergraduate and graduate-level classes.
Don't forget to consider the student loan interest deduction. Each year, you can deduct up to $2,500 of student loan interest paid. This deduction, which is also available to non-itemizers, begins to phase out in 2021 for married couples who earn over $140,000 ($70,000 for single filers) and completely phases out at $170,000 ($85,000 for single).
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The smart grid is an advanced metering infrastructure made up of “smart meters” capable of recording detailed and near-real time data on consumer electricity usage. That data would then be sent to utilities through a wireless communications network. In recent years, utilities have increased the pace of smart meter deployment—smart meters are expected to be on 65 million homes by 2015. A smart grid could deliver electricity more efficiently and would enable consumers to track and adjust their energy usage in real time through a home display. But these new capabilities also implicate new privacy concerns.
While conventional meters only measure a consumer’s total electricity usage, smart meters record detailed electricity usage as often as once every 15 seconds, and the resulting usage profiles make it possible to identify which appliances a consumer is using at a particular time. Additionally, proprietary business information might be revealed through energy consumption data of non-residential customers. As the smart meter technology develops and the usage data grows, the data could become valuable to third parties, creating a new market for energy usage data.
The new data-collection capabilities of a smart grid have caught the attention of privacy advocates and the government. To date, California is the only state with laws directly applicable to data tracked by smart meters. Investor-owned utilities in California are prohibited from selling usage data for any purpose and from sharing the usage data without the customer’s consent. In Michigan, utilities are deploying smart meters while the Michigan Public Service Commission simultaneously conducts an investigation into the health, cost, and privacy implications of smart meters. The Commission plans to develop appropriate recommendations by July 2012.
Application of federal privacy laws to the smart grid is still an open question, but regulatory efforts will likely increase as deployment of smart grid technology continues. The first legal battleground is in the Fourth Amendment context. A complaint filed in the Northern District of Illinois late last year alleges a city’s smart meter installation program violates citizens’ Fourth Amendment right to privacy and freedom from unreasonable searches. The case is ongoing and likely will not be decided for some time, but it will be the first decision by a court on the privacy implications of the smart grid.
While there are no federal statutes or regulations directly applicable to smart grid technologies, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Department of Energy, and the Congressional Research Service, have each issued reports on the smart grid. The reports note that some existing federal statutes may apply to smart grid privacy issues. If transmitting electric usage data over the smart grid constitutes electronic communications, the Electronic Communications Privacy Act would limit government interception of the communications. Similarly, the Stored Communications Act would prohibit unauthorized persons from accessing stored electronic communications. Finally, the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act might apply to prohibit the unauthorized access of computerized information used in interstate commerce.
Finaly, the federal reports detail some guidelines that utilities should keep in mind as they deploy smart grid technology:
- Appoint personnel responsible for data security and privacy.
- Regularly audit privacy procedures.
- Establish procedures for law enforcement data requests.
- Provide notice to consumers in advance of collection and use of energy use data.
- Aggregate and anonymize data in a way that personal information or activities cannot be determined.
- Keep personal information only as long as necessary to accomplish the purpose for which it was collected.
- Allow individuals access to their personal energy data to correct inaccuracies.
In the end, education, outreach, and transparency in this area are key, for a successful smart grid requires consumer participation and cooperation.
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THE CATTLE COMPROMISE:
LIVESTOCK GRAZING’S DAMAGING EFFECT ON WILDERNESS AND
THE WAY TOWARD A LIVESTOCK-FREE WILDERNESS SYSTEM
Livestock are authorized to graze over a quarter of the 52 million acres of protected Wilderness in the lower forty-eight states. Due to grazing language in the Wilderness Act and its 1980s-era corollary, the Congressional Grazing Guidelines, grazing has been occurring in otherwise-undomesticated Wilderness areas for over half a century. Grazing damages Wilderness, yet at one-tenth of a percent of all forage fed to livestock in the United States, grazing in Wilderness hardly contributes to the U.S. livestock industry. This whitepaper reviews the history of livestock grazing in Wilderness areas. It includes a brief discussion of the extent of livestock grazing that occurs in Wilderness and grazing’s harmful impact on Wilderness land and federal agency budgets. It concludes with recommendations to retiring grazing permits in order to protect Wilderness for wildlife, healthy ecosystems, and future generations.
I. Introduction: Livestock Does Not Belong in Wilderness
In the Wilderness Act, Congress exempted some activities that the Act would otherwise bar to allow preexisting, non-conforming activities to continue under some circumstances. Grazing constitutes one of the more troublesome of these activities due to its damaging effect on Wilderness lands and wilderness character.
II. History of Grazing Law and Policy in Wilderness
In 1964, Congress passed the Wilderness Act “to secure for the American people of present and future generations the benefits of an enduring resource of wilderness.” The provision allowing grazing in the Wilderness Act is an exception to the general premise of the Act, which directs agencies to manage Wilderness areas to preserve their wilderness character and natural conditions.
IV. Extent of Grazing in the National Wilderness Preservation System
Livestock actively graze about 10 million acres of the 52.4 million acres of Wilderness in the lower 48 states. Most of the grazing in Wilderness areas takes place in arid or semiarid climates, areas particularly unsuited to grazing. Wilderness areas are unsuited to grazing, yet they are extraordinarily important for biodiversity, scientific study, recreation, and the preservation of wildness.
V. Grazing Economics
The federal grazing program in Wilderness operates at a loss to the U.S. Treasury. In addition to monetary costs, grazing in Wilderness has indirect and intangible environmental costs, including long-term damage to streams, negative impacts on native grassland ecosystems, losses of endangered species, and degradation of the wilderness visitor experience.
VI. Recommendations: Toward a Livestock Free Wilderness System
The most expedient and effective way to reduce and eventually eliminate the destructive impacts of grazing in Wilderness is via Congressional action.
The difficulty in finding effective solutions to the growing problem of grazing in Wilderness signifies that grazing in Wilderness should be reconsidered. Since grazing is inherently contrary to the concept of Wilderness, and since removal of grazing from Wilderness lands will present only minor impacts to the livestock industry as a whole, the most logical conclusion is that it should be phased out or eliminated, and not be allowed to continue in these special areas.
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Should bariatric surgery be used on teenagers? [CREDIT: BBC]
Brittany Caesar is half the girl she used to be. Two years ago, the 16-year-old from Houston tipped the scales at 404 pounds. Today, she weighs 175 thanks to a radical weight loss procedure that is usually performed only on adults: gastric bypass surgery, in which the stomach is stapled off, leaving a tiny pouch that is directly connected to the small intestine.
“Before the surgery I was very depressed. I had no self-esteem. I couldn’t walk up a flight of stairs without stopping to catch my breath,” says Brittany, a high school junior who, thanks to the operation, is now active in her school’s marching band and debate team.
Bariatric surgery changes the anatomy of the stomach by causing ingested food to bypass a large portion of the stomach and intestines. This limits the amount of food a person can consume and digest, and results in lower calorie intake and fat absorption. The number of bariatric surgeries has risen steadily, from 20,000 surgeries performed in 1992 to over 140,000 in 2004.
No one is sure how many of those operations are performed on adolescents – the first occurred in the mid-1980s – but doctors estimate that there have been between 300 and 1,000 since 2000 in the United States. However, because there is so little long-term data, no one is sure whether Brittany’s success is typical for teens who undergo the procedure. Citing painful side effects and a one in 200 risk of death from bariatric surgery, some doctors worry that the procedure’s growing popularity among teens is exposing them to risks they are physically and emotionally unprepared to handle.
But the growing number of adolescent bariatric surgery centers—eight across the United States, with the most recent center opening in November 2006 at New York-Presbyterian Hospital in New York City—is evidence of the high demand for teenage weight loss surgery.
The trend has caught the attention of practitioners who specialize in treating adolescents. In an article published in the journal Adolescent Medicine Clinics, a group of physicians argued that adolescent bariatric surgery should only be used as a last resort when conventional methods of weight loss such as diet and exercise have failed.
“Until we can get a handle on the problem, [surgery] is the most viable option,” says Dr. Thomas Inge, Surgical Director at Cincinnati Children’s Comprehensive Weight Management Center and a co-author of the Adolescent Medicine Clinics article.
“Sometimes preventative options are not successful and sometimes non-surgical methods are not successful,” Inge says. “This leaves us with a large number of teens suffering from obesity with medical and mental health problems.” For some of those adolescents, he says, bariatric surgery may be the right choice.
Nationwide, nearly 16 percent of adolescents aged 12 to 18 are overweight, and five percent are considered morbidly obese, meaning they are more than 100 pounds overweight. The added weight makes it much more likely that they will develop depression, as well as conditions that were once thought to affect only adults, such as hypertension, type-two diabetes and sleep apnea.
“These are the same type of problems you see in older patients in their 60s,” says Trish Walters-Salas, the nurse care manager of the adolescent bariatric surgery program at Texas Children’s Hospital. “Using bariatric surgery, we can stop the progression of these horrible health issues.”
Many doctors agree that bariatric surgery is not a one-size-fits-all operation. “For some teens it’s not the correct procedure,” says Inge. “The real art of this is selecting the right teen applicants.”
Getting to the operating room depends on a patient’s body mass index, the measure of body fat in relation to height and weight. For an adult, a body mass index in the range of 18.5 to 24 is considered normal, with 25 to 29 being overweight and 30 or greater being obese. For a teenager to be considered for surgery, he or she must have an index of 40 or higher as well as severe obesity-related illnesses. The American Society for Bariatric Surgery also requires that candidates pass a rigorous screening by a team of nutritionists, pediatricians and psychologists before the decision to operate is made.
The two most common bariatric surgeries are Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, the procedure that Brittany Caesar had, and the laparoscopic band.
Also known as the Lap-Band, it is a reversible procedure in which doctors place an adjustable band around the upper part of the stomach, creating a much smaller stomach cavity. The band is connected to an access port below the surface of the skin, allowing a surgeon to adjust the size of the band according to the needs of the individual.
There are both positives and negatives to each surgery, says Dr. John Morton, director of the adult bariatric surgery program at Stanford University, adding that since both procedures are relatively new in adolescents, there is no good data as to which is better for teens.
“With the Lap-Band, the positive is that it is reversible and the complication rate is lower,” Morton says. “The negative is that you don’t lose as much weight as with gastric bypass.”
The lack of solid information about how well most adolescents tolerate the surgery adds to the uncertainty, and means that both teenagers and doctors alike must stop and think carefully about the possible consequences. According to Morton, the mortality rate for bariatric surgical patients is 0.5 percent, or one out of 200 patients.
Both procedures drastically restrict food consumption and effectively reduce weight, but there can be serious post-surgical complications. Blood clots, gallstones and gastrointestinal leaks are all potential threats. So are vitamin and mineral deficiencies as well as susceptibility to early osteoporosis.
And there is another complication that is especially important to teenagers, Inge says: the social changes that come with a new body. “They are catapulted into a whole different social network and putting themselves at health risks and risk-taking behaviors— from STDs to substance abuse— that they wouldn’t have done otherwise,” says Inge.
The surgery can succeed only if patients commit to a lifetime of better eating and exercise habits. But the question remains: are adolescents qualified to make such a drastic and life-altering decision? “The decision does not rest on one evaluation,” says Inge. “It’s a group of people helping to make the decision.”
A key factor, says Stanford’s Morton, is the emotional maturity of the teen. “Patients with extra weight reach physical maturity faster, but they also need to be emotionally mature when making such a large decision.” Morton advocates bariatric surgery only for the most morbidly obese teens, and says patients need to understand that the operation is just the first step on a long road to health. “It’s a surgery, not a cure,” Morton says. “It’s a tool to get you where you want to go.”
Despite the risks, Morton says he’s convinced that the surgery is worthwhile for many adolescent patients. “I look at it as someone’s lifeline,” he says. “If I’m standing on a bridge and see someone drowning, I’m going to throw them a lifeline.”
For Brittany Caesar, at least, bariatric surgery helped her become a confident young adult. “The surgery changed my life for the better,” she says. “I’m a new person now, and I wouldn’t be where I am today without it.”
Editor’s Note: This story was first published on February 21, 2007. It was selected to appear here by our editorial staff while we are away. We will be back to publish fresh stories on September 10.
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Margaret Garb's Freedom's Ballot: African American Political Struggles in Chicago from Abolition to the Great Migration (University of Chicago Press) is reviewed in the Chicago Tribune.
J. Douglas Smith's On Democracy's Doorstep: The Inside Story of How the Supreme Court Brought "One Person, One Vote" to the United States (Hill & Wang) is also popular this week. David Garrow reviews the book for The Washington Post, and Salon has an excerpt, "When SCOTUS still fixed things: What American looked like before the Warren Court."
In HistoryToday, two books on the politics of the Atlantic slave trade are reviewed: William Pettigrew's Freedom's Debt: The Royal African Company and the Politics of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1672-1752 (University of North Carolina Press) and Brycchan Carey's From Peace to Freedom: Quaker Rhetoric and the Birth of American Slavery, 1657-1761 (Yale University Press).
Greg Lukianoff's Unlearning Liberty: Campus Censorship and the End of American Debate (Encounter Books) is reviewed on HNN.
The latest edition of Law and Politics Book Review is out with reviews of Alan Paterson's Final Judgement: The Last Law Lords and the Supreme Court (Hart) (here), Michael Boudreau's City of Order: Crime and Society in Halifax, 1918-35 (University of British Columbia Press) (here), and Gregg Frazer's The Religious Beliefs of America's Founding Fathers: Reason, Revelation and Revolution (University Press of Kansas) (here).
H-Net adds a review of Benjamin Ferencz: Nuremberg Prosecutor and Peace Advocate by Tom Hoffman (McFarland) and a review of Justice among Nations: A History of International Law by Stephen C. Neff (Harvard University Press).
The Washington Post reviews Price of Fame: The Honorable Clare Boothe Luce by Sylvia Jukes Morris (Random House).
"The hyperbole she inspired makes it impossible to distinguish her achievements from her personality and appearance. In 1943 such routine prejudice, which hounds powerful public women to this day, was exacerbated by her rarity: She was one of the few women in Congress, and the only one to show up on her first day wearing purple. Asked in later life whether she had felt disadvantaged in her career by being a woman, she seemed to duck the question: “I couldn’t possibly tell you. I have never been a man.” But the answer is more revealing than perhaps she knew: Because she was not a man, her words and actions were never separated from her appearance and emotions. For all else that brought her fame, from writing to politics to broadcasting, she was always judged as a woman first."
If you're looking for some Fourth of July themed readings, check out these reviews:
- In a piece titled, "If Only Thomas Jefferson Could Settle the Issue: A Period Is Questioned in the Declaration of Independence," The New York Times discusses Danielle Allen's Our Declaration: A Reading of the Declaration of Independence in Defense of Equality (Liveright).
- The Los Angeles Times reviews West of the Revolution: An Uncommon History of 1776 (WW Norton) by Claudio Saunt. "In "West of the Revolution: An Uncommon History of 1776," historian Claudio Saunt evokes this shadow saga of America's founding year in landscapes distinct from the 13 colonies. This is a history more terrible than wondrous, a necessary counternarrative to our enlightened Revolution."
- Also in the LA Times, Janet Napolitano reviews Liberty's Torch: The Great Adventure to Build the Statue of Liberty by Elizabeth Mitchell (Atlantic Monthly Press).
- The New Republic has a piece, "The Dangerous Lies We Tell About America's Founding," that reviews Ray Faphael's Founding Myths: Stories That Hide Our Patriotic Past (New Press) and Matthew Stewart's Nature's God: The Heretical Foundations of the American Republic (Norton).
- Washington Independent Review of Books has a review of Marc Leepson's What So Proudly We Hailed: Francis Scott Key, A Life (Palgrave Macmillan). "Key’s role in American history was greater than merely creating our national anthem. He was a lawyer who loved his work and worked on some major cases of the time, but he did not become interested in politics until Andrew Jackson ran for president. He was a family man who had a large brood. He was also a man of many contradictions, one of which was Key’s distaste for slavery while still owning slaves."
- Salon tells us "The Founding Fathers back Thomas Pitketty--and feared a powerful 1 percent."
- H-Net has a timely review of Remembering the Revolution: Memory, History, and Nation Making from Independence to the Civil War edited by Michael A. McDonnell, Clare Corbould, Frances M. Clarke, W. Fitzhugh Brundage (University of Massachusetts Press).
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Capri Catering Foil dispenser boxes are fitted with a plastic cutting strip to limit the chances of personal injury. Capri foil is manufactured with the sole purpose of the consumer in mind, with the latest technology in re-reeling and packed into a sturdy dispenser carton for longer lasting use around kitchen areas. Aluminium foil is often also referred to as tin foil.
Capri aluminium foil can be used for a wide variety of purposes including:
- Covering bone and thinner sections of meat to prevent over cooking
- Lining baking trays
- Foil highlighting in hair salons
- Covering dishes to keep them warm
- Wrapping meats whilst cooking to prevent moisture loss
- Storing leftovers in the fridge (where it also assists to prevent odour exchange between foods in the fridge)
- Wrapping sandwiches
- Wrapping certain fast foods
- Much more...
Why Foil Is Shiny on One Side
Aluminum foil has a shiny side and a matte side. The shiny side is produced when the aluminum is rolled during the final pass. It is difficult to produce rollers with a gap fine enough to roll a single sheet of foil. For the final pass, two sheets are rolled at the same time, doubling the thickness of the roll. When the sheets are later separated, the two inside surfaces are matte, and the two outside surfaces are shiny.
Size: 44cm x 150m
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The danger of eating mushrooms of sows
It is important to be able to distinguish edible fruits from inedible fruits. On the way of a person, a pig mushroom can meet (in common people - a dunk). It is highly toxic and contains heavy metals.
The danger of eating mushrooms of sows
Description of the sows
Dunks have over 30 varieties. The description of the appearance of the fruiting bodies of representatives of the genus Paxillus has common features. The shape of the hat is wavy, at a certain angle it resembles a piglet.
The fruit body looks like a breast. The hat is fleshy and spreading. The shape is elongated or rounded. In the middle, the size of the hat is 10-15 cm. Some specimens grow to 35 cm.
According to the description, in young fruits the convex shape of the hat. With age, it evens out, becomes dry and crack. In the center, concavity is formed. After rain, the dry and rough surface becomes sticky.
Color also varies. There is a pig of white, brown, olive, brown and black colors. The color of the legs is the same, only the shade changes.
Types of mushrooms and their distribution
There are a lot of varieties of pigs. All of them sprout in deciduous and coniferous forests, and love marshland. Dunks prefer a temperate climate, so they are often found in Europe, Asia and even North America.
Pig is a whole kind of mycelium. In total there are 35 species. The most common pigs are:
- Thin. Popularly, such fruiting bodies are known as Poddubniki. They germinate at the roots of fallen trees. Their hat is round, slightly wavy. The diameter often reaches 20 cm. The color is brown. As you age, the hat becomes gray. The leg is creamy, short, up to 8 cm long.
- Alder. Distributed in most countries of Europe. It differs in the funnel-shaped form of a hat, with a diameter of 6-8 cm. The Alder pig is brown, has a scaly structure, and there are cracks. The pulp is yellow, the smell is absent.
- Felt (black pig). It grows only in coniferous forests. This porcini mushroom has a large rounded hat, the edges of which are bent towards the legs. The color is brown, brown. Often a black tint appears. The leg is brown or brown, with a velvety surface.
- Ear-shaped. It features a small foot size (not exceeding 3 cm) and a large fan-shaped hat. Its dimensions reach 14 cm. The surface of the cap is rough, but with age it becomes smooth. The color is light brown. The pulp is yellow, has a coniferous aroma.
- Giant. Such a dunk has huge hat sizes. Diameter - 25-30 cm. The shape is wavy, white. The species is common in Europe. It grows with mycelium on the territory of Russia, as well as the Caucasus.
In the forests of North America, porcini fungi Vernalis (Paxillus Vernallis) are found. This species is known for symbiotic bonds with some plants. It grows on birch and aspen.
Southern European countries suffer from the spread of another poisonous mycelium - Paxillus ammoniavirescens. It grows not only in the forest belt, but also in city parks and alleys. The appearance of the mushroom is similar to others. It has a spreading fleshy hat of beige or olive color with a diameter of up to 15 cm. It is rough on the edges and smooth in the center. Leg is average, 5-8 cm.
Is the pig edible?
Pig belongs to the poisonous species of mushrooms
For beginning mushroom pickers, porcini mushrooms often seem similar to other edible mycelium species. This poisonous fruit grows under the same conditions as edible fruiting bodies.
Dunku was banned from collecting in 1993 due to a series of poisonings. The first known case of death dates back to 1944, when the mycologist J. Schaeffer tasted the mushrooms of a pig. He had severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. Schaeffer died on the 17th day after the meal.
Mushroom pig is inedible. Harm from its use:
- Porcini mushrooms contain a dangerous toxin, the concentration of which remains high even after prolonged heat treatment of the fetus. Some varieties of mycelium contain muscarin poison, the toxicity of which is comparable to the poison of red mushroom.
- The product contains antigens, when they enter the body, the cell membranes of the mucous membrane of the internal organs are destroyed. The result of consuming such fruiting bodies is unpredictable. Perhaps the development of anemia, nephropathy and renal failure.
- The porcini mushroom contains chemical compounds based on heavy metals, as well as radioactive particles.
Pig is a poisonous mushroom, even its accidental use leads to allergic reactions, disruption of the activity of internal organs and systems, severe poisoning and death. Having seen the place where such a mycelium grows, it is better to bypass it. If in doubt, it is better to show the find to an experienced mushroom picker who will tell you whether the fruit bodies are false or not.
Signs of Poisoning
Porcini mushrooms were previously considered edible, since signs of poisoning did not always appear. The reason is the different sensitivity of people to heavy metals and poisons contained in fruiting bodies.
The greatest harm was received by people with health problems, or by children. After consuming mycelium for 1-3 hours, symptoms do not appear. Later, people are worried about:
- stomach ache;
- yellowness of the skin;
In case of poisoning, an increase in hemoglobin in the urine is observed. Renal activity is also impaired. Urination becomes rare, there is a risk of oligoanuria.
The benefit of the sows
The benefits and harms of Pigs are often discussed. This type of mycelium is poisonous, but if used correctly, it will not cause harm. The benefit of the pig is the same as the use of edible varieties of fruiting bodies. They are also rich in vitamins, amino acids and proteins, have a large number of trace elements in their composition: magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, etc.
Eating such fruits is not dangerous if they are cooked correctly. They will not lead to poisoning or other consequences if:
- Clean them in the first hour after collection.
- Soak the cleaned fruits for 24 hours in saline with citric acid (this is important for removing poisons and heavy metals from the product).
- Rinse the soaked fruits under running water and boil in salted water for 5-7 minutes.
The porcini mushroom is dried, and then cooked as desired: stewed with meat and vegetables, included in the first dishes, marinated or added to salads. Porcini mushrooms are also harvested for the winter. But it’s better not to risk it.
Pig - conditionally edible mushroom. Most species are saturated with poisons, heavy metals and radioactive particles. People living in villages continue to collect this mycelium and eat it. The main thing is to properly process it after collection, then the risk of poisoning will be minimized.
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|Barium uptake into the shells of the common mussel (Mytilus edulis) and the potential for estuarine paleo-chemistry reconstruction|Gillikin, D.P.; Dehairs, F.A.; Lorrain, A.; Steenmans, D.; Baeyens, W.F.J.; André, L. (2006). Barium uptake into the shells of the common mussel (Mytilus edulis) and the potential for estuarine paleo-chemistry reconstruction. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70(2): 395-407. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2005.09.015
Is gerelateerd aan: Gillikin, D.P.; Dehairs, F.A.; Lorrain, A.; Steenmans, D.; Baeyens, W.F.J.; André, L.
(2005). Barium uptake into the shells of the common mussel (Mytilus edulis
) and the potential for estuarine paleo-chemistry reconstruction, in
: Gillikin, D.P. Geochemistry of marine bivalve shells: the potential for paleoenvironmental reconstruction.
pp. 183-207, meer
Animal products > Shells
Chemical elements > Metals > Alkaline earth metals > Barium
Environments > Palaeoenvironments
Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758 [WoRMS]
ANE, Nederland, Oosterschelde [Marine Regions]; ANE, Nederland, Westerschelde [Marine Regions]
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- Validation of alternative marine calcareous skeletons as recorders of global climate change, meer
|Auteurs|| || Top |
- Gillikin, D.P., meer
- Dehairs, F.A., meer
- Lorrain, A.
In this study we test if calcite shells of the common mussel, Mytilus edulis, contain barium in proportion to the water in which they grew. Similar to all bivalves analyzed to date, the [Ba/Ca]shell profiles are characterized by a relatively flat background [Ba/Ca]shell, interrupted by sharp [Ba/Ca]shell peaks. Previous studies have focused on these [Ba/Ca]shell peaks, but not on the background [Ba/Ca]shell. We show that in both laboratory and field experiments, there is a direct relationship between the background [Ba/Ca]shell and [Ba/Ca]water in M. edulis shells. The laboratory and field data provided background Ba/Ca partition coefficients (DBa) of 0.10 ± 0.02 and 0.071 ± 0.001, respectively. This range is slightly higher than the DBa previously determined for inorganic calcite, and slightly lower than foraminiferal calcite. These data suggest that M. edulis shells can be used as an indicator of [Ba/Ca]water, and therefore, fossil or archaeological M. edulis shells could be used to extend knowledge of estuarine dissolved Ba throughputs back in time. Moreover, considering the inverse relationship between [Ba/Ca]water and salinity, background [Ba/Ca]shell data could be used as an estuary specific indicator of salinity. The cause of the [Ba/Ca]shell peaks is more confusing, both the laboratory and field experiments indicate that they cannot be used as a direct proxy of [Ba/Ca]water or phytoplankton production, but may possibly be caused by barite ingestion.
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Excel applies a data type to the column (text, number etc.) that cannot be modified when importing into Access. This means that you end up with columns that are defined by Access as numbers, but should actually be text as they contain text data. Best thing to do is to save your Excel spreadsheet as a text file and always import a text file. That way you will avoid any data type problems, as when you start out all your data is text.
Be careful to get your data types correct when importing data into Access. Access only looks at the first few records of the data you are importing and then automatically assigns a data type for the column, normally it gets this wrong, especially when importing house_no which often contain text suffixes.
While Access will let you use column names with spaces in them, it actually doesn’t like it and can cause many problems. As a rule NEVER use spaces, numbers, system keys or symbols as or in column names.
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The Effectiveness of Environmental Laws in Preventing Transboundary Pollution from Oil Drilling in the Arctic
Sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas. At the heart of international law is the balance between a state’s right to extract resources within its sovereign boundaries and its obligation to prevent harm to other states. Recent research suggests that offshore hydrocarbon extraction within a sovereign state’s exclusive economic zone can cause transboundary pollution. The Arctic Circle is estimated to contain over 90 billion barrels of oil, 17 trillion cubic feet of undiscovered gas, and 44 billion barrels of natural gas liquids, comprising significant portions of the world’s undiscovered hydrocarbon resources. Roughly 84% of undiscovered Arctic resources are expected to be found offshore. In 2018, the United States Congress has opened parts of the Arctic to oil and gas drilling and repealed the offshore drilling safety regulations that were put in place after the Deepwater Horizon spill. Other countries, including Norway and Russia, have similarly encouraged arctic oil exploration. Yet, existing equipment is simply inadequate to deal with pollution accidents that will inevitably occur as such explorations continue.
Despite the potential increases in drilling in the coming years, the Arctic does not have a coherent and effective legal regime to handle the threat posed by oil pollution. It is therefore necessary and timely to assess the effectiveness of international environmental law in protecting Arctic biodiversity against oil pollution. This Note assesses the effectiveness of the current environmental regime in the Arctic along three axes: participation & liability, scientific, and cooperative. This Note argues that, despite their failure to meet participatory and liability standards, existing laws may be effective in protecting Arctic biodiversity against oil pollution if new implementation agreements are adopted. Adequate protection for Arctic biodiversity also depends on better operational practices and compliance with existing regulations.9 As such, this Note recommends ways to improve the efficacy of arctic agreements.
Part II provides background on the Arctic environment, the possible impacts of oil pollution, and the current legal authority governing resource exploitation in the Arctic. Part III introduces and applies a theoretical framework for assessing efficacy of existing authorities by focusing on whether they modify state actors’ utilities, whether they facilitate learning, and whether they facilitate coordination. Part IV recommends possible ways to improve the efficacy of the Arctic regime including an umbrella Transboundary Marine Pollution Treaty, an Arctic Insurance Agreement, and standardized Marine Protected Areas. Finally, Part V summarizes the importance of U.S. leadership in proposed solutions.
- 4750-Article Text-8229-2-10-20200226.pdf application/pdf 656 KB Download File
Also Published In
- Columbia Journal of Environmental Law
More About This Work
- Academic Units
- Published Here
- August 6, 2020
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The Natural History Museum is presenting its 2021 Lecture Series: Trailblazing Women in Science.
The series spotlights trailblazing women who are exploring the unknown, offering unimagined ideas, and paving the way for future generations.
You still have time to hear the last two women speak virtually, broadcast live on the web.
Dr. Nalini Nadkarni—Branching Out: Exploring the Tapestry of the Forest Canopy
Thursday, April 15, 2021 at 6:30pm.
Dr. Nadkarni is known as the "Queen of the Forest Canopy". Nadkarni will talk about her pioneering research on the biota that live in the treetops of tropical rainforests that play critical roles in ecosystem processes.
Mae Jemison—Keynote speaker
April 22, 2021 - 6:30pm
Mae was the first-ever woman of color in space and she is the keynote speaker. She will discuss the 100 Year Starship Initiative she leads which seeks to ensure the capabilities for human interstellar travel beyond our solar system within the next 100 years.
To register for the lectures, please visit nhmu.utah.edu.
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https://www.fox13now.com/the-place/travel-deep-into-the-forest-with-the-queen-of-the-forest-canopy-and-out-into-space-with-the-first-woman-of-color-in-space
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In advance of International Talk Like A Pirate Day on Sept. 19, UBC Linguistics Prof. Molly Babel explains why pirates talk that way, or at least why we think they talk that way
Molly Babel is an assistant professor of linguistics at UBC. She studies phonetic variation – her research explores why we speak the way we do, and how listeners perceive and process the different ways we speak.
Why are pirates known for their distinctive dialect?
Stereotypes around style of speech exist for any social group just like stereotypes exist around how we dress or act. Often these stereotypes are based on real features of their speech. Many pirates were recruited in the 17th and 18th centuries from the southwest corner of England, a region called the West Country. The dialect in the West Country has some unique features. One main feature is that they use r’s.
Typically when we think about the English spoken in England, we tend to think of the way a BBC broadcaster pronounces English. In BBC English, you don’t hear a lot of r’s – a word like car is pronounced more like cah. In West Country, they not only had r’s in their dialect, but their word for yes was also arrr. One of the other features of the region was to use ‘be’ as the verb instead of “is” or “are” (e.g., The sun be shining today).
The other thing to remember is that pirates came from all over the world and travelled all over the sea. Essentially they were a group of people who didn’t speak the same language. What evolved was a maritime pidgin, a trade language that was cobbled together to try to understand one another.
Why do we try to emulate pirates?
Pirates represent risk taking and adventure. I think the sense of adventure that comes along with being at sea is what is so interesting to us.
Most of us don’t have real-world knowledge about what pirates did sound like or sound like today. An early movie version of Treasure Island from the 1950s was actually one of the first times where an actor had to portray pirate speech. One interesting fact is that Robert Newton, the actor they hired to play Long John Silver, happened to be from the West Country region. People who live in that area of England still have these speech patterns but like many languages, English is experiencing dialect leveling. Many of the unique dialect features are diminishing, so if one encountered a speaker of West Country English today, we likely wouldn’t mistake them for a pirate.
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Quelle:Amsterdam University Press,, Amsterdam, Netherlands, p.1 online resource (341 pages) : (2021)
Schlüsselwörter:(NL-LeOCL)075616017, (NL-LeOCL)075630001, (OCoLC)fst01030347, 21st century., bisacsh, btr, China, China., EDUCATION / General, fast, Instruction and study, Instruction and study., Music, muziekonderwijs., Taiwan
Includes bibliographical references and index.Online resource; title from PDF title page (EBSCO, viewed March 23, 2021).This book will examine the recent development of school music education in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan to illustrate how national policies for music in the school curriculum integrate music cultures and non-musical values in the relationship between national cultural identity and globalization. It will examine the ways in which policies for national identity formation and globalization interact to complement and contradict each other in the content of music education in these three Chinese territories. Meanwhile, tensions posed by the complex relationship between cultural diversity and political change have also led to a crisis of national identity in these three localities. The research methods of this book involve an analysis of official approved music textbooks, a survey questionnaire distributed to students attending music education programmes as well as primary and secondary school music teachers, and in-depth interviews with student teachers and schoolteachers in the three territories.
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|Year : 2014 | Volume
| Issue : 2 | Page : 105-109
The effect of different types of oral mouth rinses on the hardness of Silorane-based and Nano-hybrid composites
Rohit Ashok Antony Fernandez1, Marwan El Araby2, Mohamed Siblini2, Ayed Al-Shehri2
1 Department of Prosthodontics, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
2 Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
|Date of Web Publication||12-Aug-2014|
Dr. Rohit Ashok Antony Fernandez
Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, P.O. Box 84891, Riyadh 11681
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Source of Support: We hereby certify that this research is original, not under publication consideration elsewhere, and free of conflict of interest. It was not funded by any organization and has no biases for any particular product., Conflict of Interest: None
Background: The restorative materials used in dentistry are required to have long-term durability in the oral cavity. Effect of various fluids in the oral environment can affect the hardness of these restorations. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different mouth rinses on the hardness of Silorane and Nano-hybrid resin composites.
Materials and Methods: Thirty specimens were prepared from each type of composite and stored in artificial saliva for 24 h at 37°C. They were then divided into six experimental groups based on the test solution and were immersed and stored for 24 h at 37°C. Thereafter, the specimens were washed, dried and the hardness was measured for each specimen by Vickers microhardness tester.
Results: Nano-hybrid resin composite showed higher Vickers hardness number (VHN) than Silorane composite in any test solution. There was only a mildly significant difference in the mean VHN of Silorane composite immersed in alcohol-containing mouthwash compared with artificial saliva. However, there was a significant difference in the mean VHN of Nano-hybrid composite when immersed in different mouthwashes.
Conclusion: The microhardness values of Silorane-based and Nano-hybrid resin composites were decreased after immersion in the mouthwashes. The hardness of Nano-hybrid composite immersed in artificial saliva showed the highest VHN and was significantly affected when immersed in other test solutions. Silorane-based composite is more resistant to alcohol-containing mouthwash than Nano-hybrid composite.
Keywords: Composite materials, resin(s), silorane composite, nano-hybrid composite
|How to cite this article:|
Antony Fernandez RA, El Araby M, Siblini M, Al-Shehri A. The effect of different types of oral mouth rinses on the hardness of Silorane-based and Nano-hybrid composites. Saudi J Oral Sci 2014;1:105-9
|How to cite this URL:|
Antony Fernandez RA, El Araby M, Siblini M, Al-Shehri A. The effect of different types of oral mouth rinses on the hardness of Silorane-based and Nano-hybrid composites. Saudi J Oral Sci [serial online] 2014 [cited 2022 Aug 15];1:105-9. Available from: https://www.saudijos.org/text.asp?2014/1/2/105/138481
| Introduction|| |
The restorative materials used in dentistry are required to have long term durability in the oral cavity. One of the most important physical properties is the surface hardness, which is the resistance of the material to indentation or penetration. The properties related to the hardness are strength, proportional limit and ductility. The hardness of a material is used to predict its wear resistance and its ability to abrade or be abraded by dental structures and other materials.
It has been proven that Silorane composite has better properties in some physical, mechanical and chemical aspects; such as polymerization shrinkage, high fracture toughness, bond strength, low water sorption, high light ambient stability, and a high resistance to external staining. However, it was also proven that it has low surface hardness and relatively low compressive strength.
In an in vivo situation, it has been reported that food components and beverages may affect resin-composites. Mouth rinses are considered one of these affecting factors, and their use has become popular recently. Mouth rinses are effective in the prevention and control of caries and periodontal disease, by the dissolution of plaque, and additionally to reduce oral malodor and are being recommended to patients by clinicians on a regular basis.
The presence of alcohol in mouth rinse is used to dissolve plaque and as an antiseptic agent. If the percentage of alcohol in the mouth rinse is >25% it may be implicated for oral carcinoma. The alcohol in mouth rinses was also found to soften composite restorations, and this effect was directly related to the percentage of alcohol present. Studies have shown that mouth rinse containing 7% or less alcohol have the same effects of alcohol-free mouth rinses on methyl methacrylate composites. However, some studies have shown that both alcohol-containing and alcohol-free mouth rinse can reduce the hardness of restorative materials. The aim of this study is to study whether alcohol containing mouthrinses have an impact on the hardness of silorane based composites.
| Materials and Methods|| |
Five commercially available mouth rinses and two resin composites materials were used in this study. The mouth rinses used were Listerine Total Care (21.6% alcohol content), equaline minty fresh (15% alcohol content), Listerine Total Care Zero (Alcohol-Free) (Johnson & Johnson Healthcare Products Division of McNEIL-PPC, Inc), Aquafresh Extreme Clean (Contains Sodium Fluoride) (GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare) and Avohex mouth wash (Contains Clorhexidine) (MECP (Middle East Pharmaceutical Industries Co. Ltd) . The composites chosen for the study were Filtek P90 Low Shrinkage (Silorane-based) (3M™ ESPE™) and Filtek Z250xt (methyl methacrylate-based) (3M™ ESPE™).
For microhardness measurement, six rectangular silicon molds were made that measured 8 mm length × 4 mm width, and 3 mm in thickness. In each mold, ten holes with an internal diameter 3 mm were made to obtain cylindrical samples of 3 mm diameter × 3 mm height.
Each mold was placed on a microscope glass slide separated with a transparent matrix that was placed on a glass slab. An adequate amount of each composite material was placed and condensed using plastic instrument and condenser. Extruded excess was removed, and then another transparent matrix was placed on top covered with a microscopic glass slide and a glass slab on top. A load of 1000 g was then placed and pressed to extrude the excess material and obtain uniform specimens.
Each sample was light-cured individually for 40 s from the top and then an extra 40 s from the bottom using 3M ESPE Elipar S10 with a light intensity of not <450 mW/cm 2 .
The excess material was removed with a scalpel blade, and then the specimens were polished on one surface using an automata device with 600-grit silicon carbide abrasive paper.
A total of 60 specimens were fabricated, 30 specimens from each type of composite material. Each group was then immersed in 20 mL of artificial saliva to complete the postirradiation/postsetting polymerization in a dark bottle and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The specimens were removed from distilled water using tweezers and dried using filter paper. Each group of thirty specimens was further divided into 6 subgroups, each comprising of 5 specimens. Five of these subgroups were immersed in. A volume of 20 mL of their respective test solutions (mouth rinses) and 1 was immersed in artificial saliva (base line-control). The test solutions along with the specimens were contained in a dark amber bottle that was incubated at 37°C for 24 h.
All specimens were then rinsed using distilled water and dried with filter paper for hardness measurement. Microhardness measurements of the specimens were obtained using a Vicker's microhardness tester (Micromet II model, Buehler Ltd., Lake Bluff, Illinois, USA), with a diamond indenter having a 136° apex angle. The specimens were inspected visually before testing to confirm the absence of any surface defects. Indentations were made by applying 300 g load for 15 s. Three indentations were created on the surface of each sample; each indentation on the surface was measured by a microscope, and a mean value was determined for each test sample. The results were converted to Vicker's microhardness values.
The results of Vickers hardness number (VHN) were subjected to two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan post-hoc test for multiple comparisons. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using commercial software (SPSS for Windows, version 16, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
| Results|| |
Two-way of ANOVA revealed that there was a significant interaction between test materials and different immersion test solutions (P = 0.000). The effects of the mouth rinses on the hardness of both test materials were significantly different from the artificial saliva (base line-control) (P = 0.000).
Within each material (Silorane or Nano-hybrid), the effect of different immersion solution on the hardness of each composite was tested by one-way ANOVA. There was a slight significant difference in the hardness of Silorane immersed in different solutions (P = 0.043). However, Nano-hybrid composite immersed in different solutions showed highly significant difference in the hardness values (P = 0.000).
Independent t-test showed that the Nano-hybrid resin composite showed higher VHN than Silorane composite in any test solution (P = 0.000). The VHN of Nano-hybrid and Silorane resin composite in artificial saliva were 125.6 ± 11.54 and 67.84 ± 4.99, respectively.
Post-hoc Duncan test has been performed within each material for multiple comparisons [Figure 1] and [Table 1]. There was a significant difference in the mean VHN of Silorane immersed in the alcohol-containing mouth wash at a concentration of 21.6% or 15% and that immersed in artificial saliva (P < 0.05), the VHN were 62.49 ± 4.7, 62.71 ± 6.3, 67.84 ± 4.9, respectively. There was, however, no significant difference in the mean VHN values of Silorane-based composite immersed in sodium flouride-containing and chlorohexidine mouthwashes (P = 0.065).
|Figure 1: The mean Vickers microhardness values of Silorane composite obtained in the test and control solutions (P = 0.043)|
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|Table 1: The mean and SD of Vickers microhardness values of Silorane composite obtained in the test and control solutions (P = 0.043)|
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Concerning Filtek Z250xt, post-hoc Duncan test showed that there was a significant difference in the mean VHN of Nano-hybrid composite immersed in artificial saliva and those immersed in different mouthwashes (P = 0.000).
The hardness of Nano-hybrid composite immersed in artificial saliva showed the highest VHN of 125 ± 11.5 and was significantly higher than that immersed in other test solutions [Figure 2] and [Table 2]. Nano-hybrid composite immersed in alcohol 21.6% mouth wash had the VHN of 87.03 ± 9.8, which was significantly lower than those immersed in chlorohexidine, sodium fluoride 0.055%, alcohol 15% or alcohol-free mouthwashes (P = 0.000). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the mean VHN of Nano-hybrid composite immersed in chlorohexidine (105.24 ± 8.2) and that immersed in alcohol-free (115.16 ± 13.8).
|Figure 2: The mean Vickers microhardness values of Nano-hybrid composite obtained in the test and control solutions|
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|Table 2: The mean and SD of Vickers microhardness values of nano-hybrid composite obtained in the test and control solutions (P = 0.000)|
Click here to view
| Discussion|| |
The present investigation was conducted to determine the surface hardness of two commercially available Silorane-based and Nano-hybrid composite restorative materials after exposure to different types of oral mouthrinses.
Filtek™ P90 Silorane (3M™ ESPE™) low shrink posterior restorative revealed significantly lower volumetric shrinkage and polymerization shrinkage stress values than the methacrylate based composites tested. Filtek Silorane is marketed as a posterior composite and posterior composites are designed to have higher wear resistance than anterior composites. As the wear resistance of dental materials has a significant impact on the clinical performances of restorations, hardness tests are used to predict the wear resistance of dental materials.
Two dental composite restorative materials of shade (A3) were selected for this study. Both composites were from the same manufacturer (3M ESPE) to eliminate any variables in the manufacturing process. The specimens used for both testing materials were immersed in artificial saliva for 24 h, for elution of unreacted components from the resin-composites and to allow for postirradiation and postsetting polymerization to occur., The specimens were immersed in the different test solutions for 24 h, which is equivalent to a minimum of 2 years of 2 min use as described by El-Badrawy et al. in 1993.
Previous studies reported that the greatest change in the hardness of composites occurred within the first 7 days after exposure to ethanol. In this study, it was found that the base line hardness values of Silorane-based composite were lower than that of Nano-hybrid resin composite (for samples of the control groups). Differences in hardness between the two composites could be attributed to the lower filler content (55 vol%) of the silorane-based composite.
This study revealed that both alcohol-free and alcohol-containing mouth rinses had affected the hardness of both tested dental composites. This was in agreement with studies , where it was reported that alcohol is not the only factor that has a softening effect on resin composite restorative materials. It was observed that alcohol-free mouth rinses showed the least difference in surface hardness, followed by sodium fluoride containing mouth rinses. Chlorhexidine showed a significant decrease in surface hardness of both the composites tested. This finding is in concurrence with a previous study, which stated that this may be attributed to the potentiating effect of chlorhexidine on the fluoride present in the filler of the composite.
The highest reduction in the hardness of Nano-hybrid resin composite (Bis-glycidyl methacrylate [Bis-GMA]-based) was found in alcohol (21.6% or 15%) containing mouth rinses. This finding was in accordance with Kao who revealed that, both Bis-GMA and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)-based polymers are susceptible to chemical softening by ethanol. This softening effect was found to be directly related to the percentage of alcohol in the mouth rinses. Ethanol causes softening of the resin composite surface by removing the polymer structure as unreacted monomer, oligomers and linear polymers, or imparts an opener structure to the polymer, decreasing its physical properties and increasing wear. Ethanol in mouth rinses initially lowers the surface hardness of dental resin composite, but then approach a plateau approach by the 2 nd week.
Furthermore, Listerine Total Care has a low pH equal to 3.57, and high alcohol percentage which greatly affects the surface hardness of Nano-hybrid resin-composite., On the other hand, Listerine slightly affected the hardness of Silorane-based composite. This was in contradiction with the results of in vitro study by Yesilyurt et al. who concluded that hardness of Silorane-based composite was not influenced by ethanol significantly. In this research, there was a significant difference in the mean VHN of Silorane-based composite immersed in alcohol-containing mouthwash at concentration of 21.6% or 15% and that immersed in artificial saliva.
After conditioning, Silorane-based composite revealed a resistance to the softening effect of alcohol-containing mouthwashes, which could be due to the hydrophobicity of the resin matrix. This was in accordance with Yesilyurt et al. Silorane-based composites exhibited more stable surface hardness than the Nano-hybrid composites, which could be chiefly due to the uptake of water by the polymers. It was already mentioned that Nano-hybrid composite had resin matrices composed of Bis-GMA, Bis-EMA, UDMA, and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). Except for Bis-EMA all other molecules (Bis-GMA, UDMA, and TEGDMA) have hydroxyl groups, which promote water sorption. As for Silorane-based composite, it had 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl-cyclopolymethylsiloxane. The cyclosiloxane backbone imparted hydrophobicity, thereby curtailing water sorption.
| Conclusion|| |
Within the limitations of this study the following conclusions were derived.
The microhardness values of both Silorane-based (Filtek P90) and Nano-hybrid (Filtek Z250xt) resin composites were decreased after immersion in the selected mouthwashes.
Both Nano-hybrid and Silorane-based composites exhibited a reduction in surface hardness properties when immersed in both alcohol-free as well as alcohol-containing mouth rinses. Although Nano-hybrid composite immersed in artificial saliva showed the highest hardness value in this study, and was significantly higher than that immersed in other test solutions, the surface hardness properties of Nano-hybrid composites were adversely affected by the alcohol-containing mouth rinses.
Nano-hybrid composites showed higher surface hardness than Silorane-based composites, possibly owing to the variation in filler content. In contrast, Silorane-based composite exhibited more stable surface hardness than the Nano-hybrid composites when exposed to various different mouth rinses, possibly due to the hydrophobic property of the Silorane-based composite material.
Chlorhexidine mouth rinse showed significant reduction in surface hardness properties of both Nano-hybrid and Silorane-based composites.
| Acknowledgments|| |
We wish to extend our gratitude to the Physics Laboratory at the King Saud University, in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for permitting us access to their facilities to carry out the required tests on our samples.
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|14.||Anusavice KJ. Phillips′ Science of Dental Materials. 11 th ed., Ch. 4. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2003. p. 73-100. |
|15.||Ferracane JL, Condon JR. Rate of elution of leachable components from composite. Dent Mater 1990;6:282-7. |
|16.||Yap AU, Lye KW, Sau CW. Surface characteristics of tooth-colored restoratives polished utilizing different polishing systems. Oper Dent 1997;22:260-5. |
|17.||Kao EC. Influence of food-simulating solvents on resin composites and glass-ionomer restorative cement. Dent Mater 1989;5:201-8. |
|18.||Yesilyurt C, Yoldas O, Altintas SH, Kusgoz A. Effects of food-simulating liquids on the mechanical properties of a silorane-based dental composite. Dent Mater J 2009;28:362-7. |
|19.||Diab M, Zaazou MH, Mubarak EH, Fahmy OM. Effect of five commercial mouthrinses on the microhardness and color stability of two resin composite restorative materials. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 2007;1:667-4. |
|20.||Asmussen E, Peutzfeldt A. Influence of pulse-delay curing on softening of polymer structures. J Dent Res 2001;80:1570-3. |
|21.||McKinney JE, Wu W. Chemical softening and wear of dental composites. J Dent Res 1985;64:1326-31. |
|22.||Indrani DJ, Triaminingsih S, Nurvanita N, Yulanti AN. Effect of ethanol in mouthwashes on the surface hardness of a dental resin composite material. Padjadjaran J Dent 2009;21:8-13. |
|23.||Faller RV, Casey K, Amburgey J. Anticaries potential of commercial fluoride rinses as determined by fluoridation and remineralization efficiency. J Clin Dent 2011;22:29-35. |
|24.||Frazier KB, Wataha JC. Evaluation of the effect of mouthrinses on the hardness of esthetic restorative materials. Dent Newsp 2006. Available from: http://oxyfresh.com/dental/a_evaluation_full.asp |
|25.||Weinmann W, Thalacker C, Guggenberger R. Siloranes in dental composites. Dent Mater 2005;21:68-74. |
[Figure 1], [Figure 2]
[Table 1], [Table 2]
|
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|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://saudijos.org/article.asp?issn=1658-6816;year=2014;volume=1;issue=2;spage=105;epage=109;aulast=Antony;type=3
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00264.warc.gz
|
en
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| 5,503
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| 2
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