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DOWNEY - There are many tasks handled by the City of Downey's Finance Department, but not all of them involve handling money. To ensure that those tasks are handled efficiently and effectively, they can be classified into four major divisions: Information Technology, Accounting, Purchasing and Administration.The priority of each division is to manage the fiscal matters of the City, Community Development Commission, the Southeast Area Animal Control Authority (SEAACA) and the Cemetery District as well as meet the needs of the citizenry, management and employees. Information Technology is an on-site group of technology based professionals who provide centralized data processing, network infrastructure, cabling, system installations, firewall data protection and many more duties to the benefit of all users. Those users include individuals located in City Hall, the Library and Theatre, the Columbia Memorial Space Center, the Public Works yard and several other off-site locations. The main goal of these efforts is to allow for work to be performed and data to be transferred in a safe and secure cyber environment. The Accounting division, as the name implies, is responsible for processing and recording the City's financial transactions. Additionally, this division is responsible for the day-to-day handling of business registrations, animal licensing, water customer service and billings, city operated ambulance billing and collections, asset management, payroll, accounts payable, various grants and the completion and filing of several required regulatory annual reports. The City's and Commission's annual budget and Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports (CAFR) are also prepared by this division. Since 2002-03, the CAFR has been nationally recognized for its excellence in financial reporting by the Government Finance Officers Association of the U.S. and Canada. In order to obtain this award, the CAFR must be published in an easily, readable and efficiently organized manner and satisfy both generally accepted accounting principles and applicable legal requirements. Annually, the City is subjected to seven different audits. A current copy of the budget and CAFR can be obtained at www.downeyca.org. The Purchasing Division serves as a support function to the City, taken as a whole, in meeting its overall mission. The primary goal of the division is to provide timely and accurate procurement services to requesting departments while ensuring the purchasing functions are performed in accordance with applicable state and federal laws and the City's purchasing policy. Quite often, this division is able to acquire goods and services by competitively bidding them out. This process assures that the City will receive the best available goods or service at the best price possible. The Administrative Division is responsible for handling all other duties that fall under the oversight of the Finance Department. Some of those duties include risk management, investing, insurance coverage, civil claims and litigation along with the production of the Injury and Illness Prevention Program for employees. The Director of Finance services as the Risk Manager as well as the Treasurer of the Independent Cities Risk Management Authority (ICRMA). The City of Downey is one of the five original cities which created ICRMA in order to combine purchasing power and obtain insurance coverage at a time when insurance was too costly to buy individually. As you can imagine, although the Finance Department's main purpose is to record and track the multitude of financial transactions for the City, the Department also exists to service the informational needs of anything that goes beyond just dollars and cents. Article contributed by the City of Downey Finance Department.
********** Published: September 22, 2011 - Volume 10 - Issue 23
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I created a cataloging policy appropriate for a school library media center as part of an advanced cataloging class. While I did not fully appreciate this assignment during the course, I swiftly became grateful for it, as I was asked both at work and in my practicum to assist in developing policy for school and community libraries.
Cataloging Policy Manual
O Intermediate School
S Local School District, P County, Ohio
a. School Description:
O Intermediate School is one of two middle schools in the S Local School District. It serves about 880 students in grades five through six. Average class size is fifteen students.
b. Mission Statement:
The mission of the O Intermediate School library is to support student learning, and academic achievement during their time at O Intermediate School. This goal includes the promotion of lifelong reading and literacy skills, education in technology use and information literacy skills, and assistance in preparing students for the 21st-century career field by building and nurturing the skills needed for success at higher academic and socio-emotional levels. The library accomplishes these goals by regular instruction, guidance and support of students in library and information literacy skills, both during and outside of structured class times, and the development of programs to encourage recreational reading. The library also develops and maintains a relevant, current, and balanced collection of print, non-print, and digital resources, including quality recreational literature and accurate informational resources. The library further provides professional resources and collaborative opportunities to support the faculty in their role as educators.
c. Facility and Collection Description:
The 2000-square-foot facility currently has approximately 20,000 books and audio-visual materials, 24 periodicals and 4 newspaper subscriptions. Five computers with Internet access are available for patron use, with an additional dedicated computer used for catalog searching. A 900-square-foot computer lab with 24 Internet-connected computers, one scanner, and two printers is attached to the library media center in an adjoining room, but is only available for whole-class use with teacher supervision.
The nonfiction works are arranged
by Dewey Decimal call number with appropriate signage. Hardcover fiction is arranged alphabetically
by author’s last name. Biographies are
arranged alphabetically by the subject’s last name. Non-circulating reference is arranged by type
of reference and then alphabetically.
Picture books are arranged alphabetically by author’s last name. Periodicals are arranged alphabetically. Audio-visual materials are arranged
alphabetically by author’s or artist’s last name. Paperback fiction is housed on spinners and
loosely arranged by series or genre.
Professional development and curriculum resources are categorized by
type of resource and topic, and are housed in the teacher’s area of the
library. All categories of materials
listed above are housed in separate areas of the library with indicative
New books, both fiction and nonfiction are housed in a special display case at the front of the library for approximately ½ of the current school year before being shelved in their appropriate locations.
All materials in the library are
related to one of three factors: 1. Recreational reading for students, 2.
Curricular support, or 3. Professional support for faculty. Purchases are based on identified needs to
maintain a balanced and relevant collection, and on student or faculty request. The library is automated; all physical resources
and equipment are cataloged in the library database.
All books and non-current periodicals in the library circulate to students for a period of two weeks, unless otherwise noted.
Picture books may only be used in-house by students
The following materials circulate only to teachers:
Professional and curriculum resources
Class book sets
Class periodical sets
Non-circulating materials include the following:
General reference books as deemed needful
III. Selections and Acquisitions:
The O Intermediate School Library acquires the following materials:
Juvenile and Young Adult fiction
Audio-visual materials (audio CDs, audio books, videos, films, computer software, and other instructional materials as appropriate)
Professional development resources
Curriculum materials (maps, games, flashcards, charts, kits, realia and other materials for the instruction of students as appropriate)
Virtual database and resource subscriptions (acquired by district)
All materials, except virtual databases are to be cataloged. All virtual databases and resources are linked from the library’s webpage.
The school librarian will be responsible for the selection and purchase of materials in accordance with the school and district selection policies. The school librarian will report on usage and make recommendations yearly to the district regarding virtual database and resource subscriptions.
Materials will be selected based on personal examination whenever possible. Other factors in selection will include teacher and student requests and recommendations, award and notable lists, and reviews from major reviewing sources, such as Booklist and School Library Journal.
IV. Donation Policy
The O Intermediate Library does accept donations in accordance with the following policy:
a. Monetary donations
Students, parents, and community members or organizations may donate money new books to the library. The library maintains a wish list of books and other resources. Donators may select a book or resource they feel is appropriate and donate the money to purchase that resource, or purchase the resource themselves. Resources purchased in this way will receive a sticker on the inside front cover with the donor’s name or an appropriate honorarium of their choice. If the donor donates a large amount of money or chooses not to select books, the school librarian will purchase appropriate materials with the funds. All monetary donations will be recorded, receipts will be given to donors, and all spending accounted for with purchase receipts.
Donated books will be reviewed before cataloging or addition to the collection. If the resource is current, meets the criteria defined in the selection policy, and will benefit the collection, it will be cataloged and added to the library shelves. Books that are rejected for the library collection, but otherwise deemed appropriate, will be included in the annual book sale and fair. All funds raised from used book donations will be recorded and used to purchase materials for the library. Books that are not sold will be offered to teachers for classroom use including classroom collections or any other use the teacher finds needful.
Books including extremely outdated or offensive content, or severely damaged books may be destroyed or disposed of at the librarian’s discretion without inclusion in any of the aforementioned processes.
All materials ordered should be verified with a packing slip and compared with the original order. Receipts, and any accompanying paperwork should be submitted to the secretary.
MARC records should be uploaded or created per the standards in Section VI.
Bar codes should be attached to the center top of the back cover, facing horizontally.
A spine label with the call number as designated should be affixed to the bottom of the spine and covered with a protective label.
The appropriate Accelerated Reader color sticker should be affixed to the bottom right corner of the back cover and covered with a protective label.
Books should be stamped along the top of the pages and the inside front endpaper with the library stamp.
Resources will be cataloged using AACR2R until RDA is finalized and implemented. Existing MARC records will be purchased, reviewed and enhanced, and uploaded whenever possible. All materials except newspapers and periodicals (and any other continuing resource deemed “hard to classify”) will receive Level 2 cataloging. If no prior records exist, the librarian will create original catalog records for the resources, using Level 2 AACR2R. The librarian will first attempt to derive catalog records from other sources, including the local public library system. The CIP information will be used for summaries and subject headings unless incomplete or incorrect.
b. Subject Headings
Library of Congress Subject Headings will be used for subject headings. Whenever possible, LOC Children’s Subject Headings will be used. At least three subject headings will be listed for cataloged items.
c. MARC Standards
Existing MARC records will be purchased whenever possible. All MARC records must be reviewed and enhanced by the school librarian. The school librarian is responsible for reviewing and enhancing the following parts of the MARC record for all derived catalog records:
Subject Headings – All records must contain at least three subject headings
Summary – All books and audiovisual material must have a 520 summary.
Target Audience – 521 field required if the information is contained on the resource itself; Accelerated Reader Level should be included in this field.
Awards – 586 field if the book has received a Newbery or Caldecott Award or Honor.
Content Standards – 658 field is required for all curriculum materials, picture books, and periodical sets. A 658 may also be added to other resources including A/V and nonfiction if the school librarian or a faculty member can create a useful connection of the material to a specific content standard.
Nonfiction – The Dewey Decimal System will be used for all nonfiction works. Spine labels will have a Dewey Decimal number not more than five digits long (two decimal places) on the top line, and a three to four letter abbreviation of the author’s last name on the second. Accelerated Reader colored level stickers are placed on the back cover of the book in the bottom right corner if appropriate.
Biography – Biographies will be shelved alphabetically by subject’s real surname. The spine label will be three lines: 1. BIO, 2. A three-letter abbreviation of the subject’s surname, and 3. A Cutter number of the subject’s surname for shelving purposes.
Reference (non-circulating) – Reference will be shelved according to type of material: Encyclopedia, Dictionary, Thesaurus, Atlas, Almanac, and Other. The spine label will be two lines: 1. REF, and 2.A four to five-letter abbreviation of the material type (ENCYC, DICT, THES, ATLS, ALMNC, GENRF). Encyclopedias should be shelved according to set order, and the number of the volume will be placed after the ENCYC abbreviation. This method will be used with any non-circulating multi-volume reference set. Other non-circulating items may be placed within their material type without regard to shelf order.
Periodicals – Current periodicals will be placed in clear binders and displayed alphabetically. Back issues of periodicals will be housed directly under the displayed issue inside the shelving unit for up to one year (ten issues). Older periodicals will be moved to the storage room. Periodicals will have a four-line label containing the following: 1. PRDCL, 2. Dewey Decimal Classification not more than five digits long (two decimal places), 3. A four-to-five letter abbreviation of the title, and 4. A three-letter abbreviation of the month, and the issue year.
Class Periodical Sets – These resources are shelved alphabetically by title (as sets) in the teacher resource area. They are kept in the library for not longer than one year, after which time they may be distributed to faculty or disposed of. Teachers wishing to keep a certain set may request the set for when it becomes available for distribution. Each issue in the set is marked with a number from one onward. Labels and bar codes are placed on an 8.5” x 11” card housed in the magazine holder with the set – the set is counted as one item with several parts for cataloging purposes. Labels follow the same format as standard periodicals.
Juvenile Fiction – Fiction books are filed alphabetically by the author’s last name. Spine labels consist of two lines: 1. JFIC, and 2. A three to four letter abbreviation of the author’s last name. Accelerated Reader colored level stickers are placed on the back cover of the book in the bottom right corner if appropriate.
Young Adult Fiction – The library maintains a small amount of YA fiction specifically selected for the student body, in recognition of the advanced reading skills and growing maturity of some members of the student body. YA fiction is interspersed with Juvenile Fiction, and follows the same cataloging policy. The top line of the spine label reads YAFIC.
Class Book Sets - These resources are shelved in crates alphabetically by author’s last name (as sets) in the teacher resource area. Each book in the set is marked with a number from one onward in the upper left hand corner. Labels and bar codes are placed on an 8.5” x 11” card housed in the front of the crate with the set – the set is counted as one item with several parts for cataloging purposes. The card label consists of three lines: 1. CLASS SET, 2. A four to five letter abbreviation of the author’s last name, a comma, and the author’s first initial, and 3. A five to seven letter abbreviation of the title.
Picture Books – Picture books are shelved alphabetically by author’s last name. The spine label consists of two lines: 1. PICT, and 2. A three to four letter abbreviation of the author’s last name.
Audio/Visual – Audiobooks are shelved on spinners in the library. Spine labels follow the format for juvenile fiction or nonfiction, except that the top line should be AUDIOBK. Accelerated Reader colored level stickers are placed on the back cover of the book in the bottom right corner if appropriate. Other audio/visual materials are housed in the teacher resource center, shelved by type of material and by Dewey Decimal number. Spine labels will consist of two lines: 1. An abbreviation of the material’s format (DVD, CD, CD-ROM), and 2. A Dewey Decimal number not more than five digits long (two decimal places).
Professional Development – Professional development materials are housed in the teacher resource area, and are shelved using the Dewey Decimal System. Spine labels will consist of three lines: 1. PRODV, 2. A Dewey Decimal number not more than five digits long (two decimal places), and 3. A three to four letter abbreviation of the author’s last name.
Curriculum Support Materials – Curriculum support materials are housed in the teacher resource area, and are by subject. Spine labels will consist of two lines: 1. CURRIC, and 2. A subject abbreviation ( LANG, SCI, SOCST, PHYS, MATH, ART, HLTH, MUS).
Paperback Fiction – Paperback novels are housed on spinners, and categorized by series or genre. Spine labels consist of two to three lines: 1. PBK, and 2. An abbreviation of the book’s genre (MYS, SCIFI, FNTSY, HISTF, FIC) OR SER for series fiction. If the book is part of a series, a third line contains an abbreviated version of the series title. Accelerated Reader colored level stickers are placed on the back cover of the book in the bottom right corner if appropriate.
Graphic Novels -- Graphic novels are filed alphabetically by the author’s last name in their own section. Spine labels consist of two lines: 1. GRPHC, and 2. A three to four letter abbreviation of the author’s last name. Accelerated Reader colored level stickers are placed on the back cover of the book in the bottom right corner if appropriate.
VIII. Review Policy
The catalog policy will be specifically reviewed following its first year of implementation by the school librarians of the district, and at least one member of the administration. After its initial year, the policy will be reviewed every five years by the school librarians in the district. The district library department will meet annually to review and update policies; any major district-wide changes will be implemented in the policy on an annual basis. Major changes to national classification standards will be implemented in the school policy after being adopted district-wide through a district library department meeting. Changes to the existing catalog due to national standards will be implemented not more than five months after their adoption by the library district.
This cataloging policy has been created to establish a consistent approach to cataloging the O Intermediate School’s library resources. The policy is necessary and beneficial for several reasons:
a. Library aides and student volunteers often process incoming materials. This policy provides a standard guide to prevent errors, enable aides to work independently and shorten the time required for the librarian to review processed materials. Note: Processing by aides does not involve original cataloging.
b. This policy will help create consistency in cataloging throughout the district. As the district moves toward allowing online access to school library catalogs and a district-wide interloan network, the policy will allow librarians in the district to assist one another and move more easily among school locations as needed, preventing inconsistencies in cataloging due to personal preferences.
c. This policy will help improve access to materials for both students and teachers. A standardized approach to enhancing the MARC record will ensure that patrons are able to locate all available resources and to determine easily which will be the most beneficial to them. This will save the time of both patrons and the library staff, and make the best use of the funds invested in library resources.
d. The catalog system will also serve as an inventory of the school library’s resources. The policy requires cataloging of all resources, which allows for a more complete inventory in case of major loss, theft or damage, and promotes ease of location of resources that are checked out or not returned.
e. The policy will help ensure that the use of less traditional resources by patrons will not go unnoticed, providing more information about circulation and use statistics, which will in turn lead to more relevant purchasing decisions and promotion of library funding endeavors.
X. Sharing Plan
In order to promote unity and collaboration with librarian colleagues throughout the school district, this library policy will be shared with the district library department at several key phases of its life cycle.
a. Prior to final implementation, the policy will be shared at the next district library department meeting. It will be distributed prior to the meeting for review by the other librarians in the district and discussed during the meeting. Any necessary or recommended changes will be made to the policy in order to make it consistent with other policies in the district, particularly with regard to the MARC record standards.
b. After approval by the library department, the policy will be reviewed at the end of its first full year of implementation. The school librarian at O Intermediate will review the policy and make recommendations for changes based on perceived need after a year of use. The school librarian will also develop a summary report of any positive results of the cataloging policy, or policy items that functioned particularly well within the library. If those items are not currently a part of the district-wide policy standards, the school librarian will make recommendations to the library department based on the successes of this policy.
c. The district library department will review the policy and discuss and finalize any changes. They will also discuss any recommendations for possible district-wide implementation.
d. The policy will be reviewed following this procedure every five years after its initial year.
e. If the librarian determines a particular need that could be met by making an immediate minor change to the cataloging policy, suggested changes may be implemented immediately, provided that they constitute additions to the catalog record. Nothing approved by the district department may be removed from the policy requirements without district department approval.
f. District librarians will have access to a district library listserv on which they can discuss cataloging issues as they arise.
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In the current and accelerating health and economic crisis, state and local policy makers need the tools to activate resources to protect Washington residents.
This is particularly important as public health needs are escalating while public revenues are dropping. We understand that the Legislature will adjourn soon, so this may be something that our leaders must revisit in a special session, when we can fully comprehend the extent and damage of the pandemic.
A big question for our state’s leaders regarding the coronavirus pandemic is how we finance the care and public health that our people need. While the federal government is stepping in, it is not enough for our state. The Legislature is about to adjourn with a budget that was built before the coronavirus hit. That will leave us with burgeoning needs for a pandemic that is expanding exponentially. How do we finance current public services and insure the protection of our future health and wellbeing as a society?
We can probably expect that the pandemic will diminish retail business by at least 5 percent. Our public services depend on sales taxes and business and occupation taxes generated through retail activity. A 5 percent decline in sales and B&O taxes will result in a loss of over $800 million a year in state revenue. That jeopardizes Apple Health, K-12 education, higher education, child care, and numerous other public services upon which we depend. And it doesn’t generate the revenue to tackle the coronavirus epidemic.
There are steps that the Legislature could take to appropriate fund public services and provide economic relief to businesses, workers and families all hit hard by the corona virus epidemic. Here are some suggestions:
- Reduce the B&O tax by 10 percent for all businesses,
- Fund child care and early learning, with matching funding from the federal government,
- Provide health coverage for people aged 60-64 (considered at risk),
- Pay for all coronavirus tests,
- Fund an emergency income assistance program for workers whose hours are cut back or who are laid off,
- Make up for the loss in public revenue from the drop in retail activity.
How do we finance this? We go to those who have benefitted most from our economy:
- Raise the estate tax on very wealthy decedents immediately, that is, as of April 1, 2020. The Legislature can do this by passing SB 6581. This will exempt 25 percent of estates now subject to the estate tax and raise the estate tax on estates valued at over $6.5 million. Revenue from this change will result in over $30 million a year.
- Enact SB 6017, the tax on excessive compensation. This is an excise tax on about 350 employers who compensate some of their employees in excess of $1 million. It raises about $325 million a year.
- Amend and enact HB 2907, the tax on employers on compensation in excess of $150,000. Lower the threshold to the ceiling on FICA tax payments ($137,700), and step the tax up, beginning at 1 percent, then 2 percent over $250,000, then 3 percent between $500,000 and $1 million. Make this a statewide tax. Anticipated revenue is $650 million annually.
- Enact HB 2821, which replaces a federal tax on health insurers which expires this year. This insurance premium tax would raise about $100 million annually.
- Enact HB 2679, requiring health carriers with a surplus greater than 400 percent of the carrier’s capital requirements to contribute to the state 3 percent of this excessive surplus. Anticipated revenue is $80 million annually.
- Enact the tax on capital gains, as embedded in SB 5961, generating $800 million a year.
Does this pencil out? Yes it does:
|Estate Tax SB 6581||$30,000,000|
|Excessive Compensation Tax SB 6017||$325,000,000|
|Compensation in excess of FICA tax HB 2907||$650,000,000|
|Insurance Premium Tax HB 2821||$100,000,000|
|Excessive Surplus Tax HB 2679||$80,000,000|
|Tax on capital gains SB 5961||$800,000,000|
|Reduce B&O tax by 10%||$420,000,000|
|Fund child care and early learning||$399,337,000|
|Apple Health for ages 60-64||$86,440,200|
|Coronavirus tests 100,000 @ $100 each||$10,000,000|
|Emergency Income Assistance program||$250,000,000|
|Make up for the forecasted loss of sales and B&O revenue||$800,000,000|
More To Read
March 7, 2022
The way we talk about and report on the economy and the state budget often masks underlying problems
March 3, 2022
It's time to rethink how we invest in communities and our collective future
January 31, 2022
Our state legislators should choose to fund the services our people need—child care, mental and behavioral health, housing security, and education—over indiscriminate tax cuts that largely benefit the wealthy.
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Indian farmers are increasingly turning to cultivation of low-sugar potato, as there is an increasing demand across the world for wafers and chips, reports say//.
The trend is particularly evident in Gujarat in western India, where more than half of the land under potato has switched to the new variety.
The low-sugar potato is giving much better yields than the traditional one and also processing firms snap up the produce without any delay, farmers say.
Low sugar potatoes are preferred by the potato-processing farms as they have a higher dry matter – that means more slices of wafers and fries.
Canada’s Mccain Foods, a potato processing multinational, has now set up a unit in Gujarat with a capacity to process 10,000 tonnes a year.
Its officials are hoping to triple the capacity by next year itself, such is the demand for potato chips and wafers internationally.
India is the biggest potato producer after China and Russia and has 1.28 million hectares under potato. The country’s annual output runs to 22.49 million tones.
The cultivation of low sugar potato is now spreading to Madhya Pradesh and Punjab.
India exports raw and processed potatoes to such countries like Syria, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Dubai and Mauritius.
Even when low in sugar, potato only goes into the making of fast-foods blamed for the obesity epidemic. It is perhaps a measure of the effect of the international campaign that the demand for wafers and chips should soar, even forcing changes in cropping pattern, note observers.Page: 1 Related medicine news :1
. Potato powder to stop bleeding 2
. Slimmer’s Delight: Potato Version 2, on a platte3
. Repeated Weight loss Messages Have No Effect On Couch Potatoes4
. Biological Basis Behind a Couch Potato5
. Healthy Potato Chips: A Trans Fat Oil With Health Benefits6
. Spine Gourd Variety Helpful For Diabetics Is Ready For Commercial Cultivation7
. Encephalitis Spreads to Nepal 8
. Use Of Viread Spreads As New Anti-AIDS Site Is Launched9
. Chicken pox Spreads Across Firozabad10
. Bird Flu Now Spreads to Switzerland11
. Mumps Epidemic Spreads Easily From Infected Air Travelers
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Celebrations as Social Investments: Festival Expenditures, Unit Price Variation and Social Status in Rural India
Festival expenditures amount to over 15 per cent of a household's annual expenditures in rural India. Yet they have never been studied by economists. This article uses both qualitative and quantitative data from a case study of three South Indian villages to show that festivals are important public goods in the village, but neither a pure entertainment motive nor an altruistic desire to contribute to a public event seems to explain their size. Households which spend money on festivals, everything else held equal, are able, however, to generate tangible rewards - lower prices on food, higher social status and more invitations to meals from other families. This indicates that active participation in festivals generates private economic and social returns which help resolve a potential free-rider problem. The evidence is consistent with the notion that festivals serve as mechanisms by which communities build social networks.
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Volume (Year): 38 (2001)
Issue (Month): 1 ()
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Christmas time is here, and we immediately start planning our festivities, what food we will eat, and how we will enjoy celebrating with family and friends! This is the time of year for travelling to see friends and family, for decorating our houses, exchanging gifts, and sending cards, and for those of us who love cooking, preparing Christmas recipes for parties we may be planning.
We are bombarded with advertising to buy more and more, and this time of year means that our amount of waste increases. If you are wondering how to reduce your waste over this period, we have some hints for you on how you can achieve that.
How Much Waste is Created Over the Festive Season?
Christmas may be a wonderful time of year, but unfortunately it is also one of the most wasteful with a huge rise in the volume of materials being produced (think packaging, wrapping paper, plastic and glass decorations, extra food, etc.) that ultimately has to be disposed of. Unfortunately much of it will find its way into our landfills to the detriment of our environment.
- In the UK we create 30% more waste than normal during the festive season.
- 1 billion Christmas cards are put in the bin each year.
- 6 million Christmas trees are bought and then have to be disposed of.
- The average household will use four rolls of wrapping paper, most of which will land up in rubbish bins after the gifts have been ripped open.
Food in particular is wasted in huge amounts during Christmas and some of the numbers are astronomical. It is estimated that in the UK, 270,000 tons of food are wasted during this time. One of the reasons is that we tend to prepare more food than we need as we do not want to run out. In reality, this translates into the average family preparing enough food for an extra 3 guests at their Christmas table.
- 10 million turkeys find their way onto our dinner tables but 91 million slices are not eaten.
- This means up to 2 million turkeys are disposed of while still edible. Add to this 5 million Christmas puddings, and 74 million mince pies and this equates to tons of food.
- We throw out 130 million Brussels sprouts.
How to Reduce Household Waste over the Festive Season
The extra waste we generate at this time of the year often means that our recycling practices are not followed as strictly as we normally do, with much of our junk finding its way into our landfills. Unfortunately, this results in more greenhouse gases being released into the atmosphere, adding to the impact of global warming. It is therefore imperative for each household to do what they can to lessen their impact on the environment by becoming less wasteful and more sustainable.
Clever Choice of Gifts
Much of the joy of Christmas is giving and receiving gifts, but now is the time to consider the type of gifts we are giving. We all have received those gifts that we may use once or twice and never use again which end up being thrown out. We need to think of gifts that people will use.
- Everyone appreciates chocolates, homemade biscuits, or a bottle of wine or spirits.
- For the person who has everything, make a donation to their favourite charity in their name. This way everyone wins.
- Think of giving someone a great experience by gifting them with theatre tickets, a spa treatment, or a course that would further their hobby or interest, for example, a photography course or a cookery course.
- A voucher from a local restaurant or shop works two ways by also ensuring that local businesses stay afloat during this difficult economic time and makes a great gift.
- A beautiful house plant will make any homeowner happy.
- An online gift voucher, or a voucher from a favourite store.
Green Ways of Wrapping Gifts
Use your imagination when wrapping your gifts by using recycled or reusable materials.
- Use a reusable shopping bag, a scarf, or a tea towel and make the wrapping part of the gift.
- Reuse gift wrap, and gift bags from last Christmas, and reuse your old Christmas cards as gift tags.
- Make sure your wrapping paper is recycled or recyclable. If it can be scrunched into a ball and hold its shape, then it is recyclable. Avoid paper that is shiny or metallic.
- Let your children decorate plain brown paper or paper bags that you can use as unique gift wrap.
Decorate for a Green Christmas
- Use a natural, locally farmed Christmas tree if possible. Please make sure it is chipped after Christmas and used for compost instead of being dumped in a landfill.
- Make your own decorations using plants, branches, and berries from your garden or neighbourhood.
Entertaining Guests without the Garbage
- Avoid using disposable cups, plates, or cutlery at your social gatherings. If you do not have enough, ask people to bring their own. Use reusable tablecloths and napkins.
- Encourage guests to take away any leftover food, snacks, or treats to cut back on your waste.
- Have a container for guests to dispose of their food scraps and add these to your compost bin.
- Put bins out for the easy recycling of bottles, plastic, and paper. If guests recycle their own, this will cut down on your cleaning up time after the last guest leaves.
Dealing with Christmas Waste
- If your tree is natural, make sure it is taken away for chipping to be used as mulch or compost. If you use a false tree, pack it away carefully so you can reuse it next year.
- Keep your Christmas packaging and boxes ready for reuse for next Christmas.
- Sort out your household waste carefully for recycling and remember Junk Removal Wirral can help you with the safe and responsible disposal of all your Christmas waste.
Why Use Junk Removal Wirral?
Junk Removal Wirral is there to help you achieve your Christmas waste goals. We know it is a time when households generate more waste than usual. Don’t let your waste build up to unmanageable levels during the Festive season. We can collect your waste after hours, at weekends, and even offer a same day junk removal service. We offer residential junk removal and yard waste removal in Wirral, and surrounds. We’re a licensed waste removal company, and will dispose of your unwanted garbage in a responsible manner, recycling where we can.
We operate in the Wirral, Chester, Liverpool, Ellesmere Port area and we look forward to hearing from you.
Please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.org
Wirral & Liverpool 01518 080407
Chester: 01244 953100
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Fourth International Conference on Prevention, Assessment, Rehabilitation, Restoration and Development of Brownfield Sites6 - 8 May 2008
OverviewThe Fourth International Conference on Prevention, Assessment, Rehabilitation and Development of Brownfield Sites, Brownfields 08, took place recently on the island of Cephalonia in Greece, organised by the Wessex Institute of Technology (WIT) and the University of Thessaly, and sponsored by the International Journal of Sustainable Planning and Development.
The conference follows the success of the first three conferences in the Series, held in Cadiz in 2002, Siena in 2004 and in Tallinn in 2006. The meeting provided an international forum to discuss the problems facing the public andTiedemann private sectors and the engineering and scientific communities related to brownfields reuse for securing sustainable development. Given the economic and social benefits of brownfields redevelopment, there is a need for guidance on the process providing information on required risk assessment, remediation technologies, involvement of various stakeholders and community and public acceptability. The preparation of the guidelines requires further research, as well as the sharing of information, lessons and experience among experts in this field through conferences such as Brownfields 08.
Opening AddressThe meeting was opened by Professor Viktor Popov, Head of Environmental Fluid Mechanics Division at WIT and Elias Beriatos, Professor of Spatial Planning and Geography at the University of Thessaly, who welcomed the Delegates and wished them productive participation in the Conference. Viktor passed on a message to the delegates from Professor Carlos Brebbia, the Director of Wessex Institute of Technology, who could not attend this year’s meeting due to minor injury of his foot. He explained the commitment of the Institute to knowledge transfer activities, particularly those involving inter-disciplinary fields such as Brownfields.
Viktor explained that the Institute has recently developed excellent residential facilities which will allow for greater expansion of its activities, particularly relevant to its links with many institutions all over the world. The growth has already resulted in an increase in the number of researchers in the four Research Divisions at WIT.
Further developments have occurred in the publishing activities of WIT Press, the associate arm of the Institute, which is now becoming more digitally oriented. This will result in the publications of WIT being more readily available. The most successful of these activities has been the eLibrary, containing the papers presented at WIT conferences, which is consulted by an ever increasing number of researchers.
Viktor concluded his opening remarks by stressing WIT’s commitment to international partnerships and joint research projects. He hoped that the participants would consider visiting the Institute (WIT Campus) in the near future to discuss possible ways of working together.
Conference SesssionsThe papers presented at the conference covered a wide range of topics, grouped in the following sections:
- Rehabilitation of Brownfields
- Development Issues
- Remediation Studies and Technologies
- Case Studies
- Risk Assessment and Management
- Community and public involvement
There was a series of special papers presented by well-known colleagues:
- Integrating sustainable development and brownfields reuse – principles and practice, C. N. Brooks, GETG, USA
- Derelict building installations and infrastructures in Greek Spa Towns: the case of Kamena Vourla and Ypati, E. Beriatos presented by M. Papageorgiou, University of Thessaly, Greece
- Revitalizing secondary market Brownfield sites, A.Bogen, Down to Earth Consulting, USA
- Bridging mining theory with soil remediation, D. Kaliampakos presented by T. Karachaliou, NTUA, Greece
- Brownfield identification: different approaches for analysing data detected by means of remote sensing, V. Ferrara, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
- World Heritage Inscription for naval heritage brownfields? C. Clark, Consultant, UK
- Application of the “ARA-CoSSSLs” risk analysis approach at a sub-area of a relevant Italian contaminated site, F. Tatàno, University of Urbino, Italy
The technical excursion included the famous Katavothres (shallow holes) near the entrance to Argostoli’s natural harbour. A tracer experiment has shown that the water travels 15 kilometres upground through rifts in the limestone before appearing at springs at the other side of the island. The other places visited were the beautiful Myrtos Bay, the underground Melissani Lake which is partially open due to collapse of part of the ceiling, and the village of Aghia Efimia, where part of the water from Katavothres appears.
The conference banquet took place at the Mediteranee Hotel, where the meeting was held. The evening was delightful and helped to stress the links among the participants at Brownfields 08.
Papers from the conference will also be hosted online in the WIT eLibrary as voume 107 of WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment (ISSN: 1743-3541). For more details visit the WIT eLibrary at: library.witpress.com
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Distance from Manvi to Hansi
Distance from Mānvi to Hānsi is 1,456 kilometers. This air travel distance is equal to 905 miles.
The air travel (bird fly) shortest distance between Mānvi and Hānsi is 1,456 km= 905 miles.
If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles) from Manvi to Hansi, It takes 1.62 hours to arrive.
Manvi is located in India.
|GPS Coordinates (DMS)||15° 59´ 22.1640'' N |
77° 3´ 1.6200'' E
Mānvi Distances to Cities
|Distance from Manvi to Nangi||1,377 km|
|Distance from Manvi to Karimnagar||350 km|
|Distance from Manvi to Lingsugur||59 km|
|Distance from Manvi to Hassan||346 km|
|Distance from Manvi to Anantapur||156 km|
Hansi is located in India.
|GPS Coordinates||29° 6´ 0.1800'' N |
75° 57´ 52.2000'' E
Hānsi Distances to Cities
|Distance from Hansi to Gohana||71 km|
|Distance from Hansi to Agra||293 km|
|Distance from Hansi to Faridabad||153 km|
|Distance from Hansi to Budhlada||100 km|
|Distance from Hansi to Mumbai||1,154 km|
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NAAS STUDY HUB
Rules and Regulations for Supervised Study
- Absolutely No Talking during study.
- Mobile phones permitted for study purposes only.
- Students must sign themselves in and out of study every day.
- Students are not leave the study hall without signing out (exceptions for bathroom/grinds room).
- All students have access to free Wi-Fi. Students however must only use the Wi-Fi for educational purposes.
- There is a 10 minute breaks every hour to allow student’s to prepare food, hot drinks, or to simply get a breath of fresh air outside.
- To keep noise levels and distractions to a minimum, we ask students to try enter/leave study hall during breaks only.
- Students are permitted to use the kitchen appliances for food and beverages during the breaks, provided that they clean up after themselves.
- Verbal Warning to Student.
- Telephone call home to student’s parent/guardian.
- Expulsion from Study Hub without refund of fees.
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Tips and Techniques For Finding and Selecting Textbooks
Book Operations Manager
MSU Bookstore, Inc.
Montana State University
The process of researching textbooks for the purpose of selecting appropriate course materials has come a long way in the last ten years, enabled as we have become by the Internet. New tools are now available that consolidate and refine the process. No longer are faculty tied to the formerly traditional methods of word-of-mouth, publisher representative dependent, or colleague based information streams.
Certainly, those avenues of information have not gone away, but they have been greatly enhanced by the advent of new cooperative efforts to amass these various methods into one process. Two examples of online resources are listed below, both of which are compendiums dedicated to streamlining the search for the perfect textbook.
Faculty Center Network - www.facultycenter.net
Of the two, the Faculty Center Network site, created by MBS Textbook Exchange, Inc., is the most useful to all MSU faculty members. A one-stop resource for college textbooks, it is intended for faculty to use as a research tool and to assist them in making informed adoption decisions. When users connect to the Faculty Center Network, they have access to a robust bibliographic database of over 225,000 titles.
A user name and password is required to access the Faculty Center Network's database and tools. Access to the site is provided via the above link and is made possible by MSU Bookstore, Inc. The Bookstore is issued a generic user name and password, and then contacts faculty by way of a mailer, which provides them with access instructions. Faculty can also contact David Knickerbocker directly at firstname.lastname@example.org to request the temporary password. Once inside the site, users have the ability to register and create a unique user name and password for future access.
Researching textbooksUsers can browse by subject or locate books through an Advanced Search feature by author last name (any author listed for the textbook), title keyword, ISBN, or general keyword. Along with these search options, there is a database of publisher contact information, a "What's New" area for industry news and a list of new titles pending release, searchable by title.
Once users locate a textbook, they can:
- Sort all titles in the database by any author listed with the textbook
- Review the author(s) biography(ies)
- Link to the previous edition or next edition of the textbook
- Link to the publisher for more information about the textbook
- Review bibliographic information such as the Summary, Table of Contents, Sample Chapter, or Preface
- Link to the publisher for faculty supplement information
- Link to supplements produced by the publisher to accompany the textbooks
- Read reviews of the textbook
- Obtain desk copy request information
In addition to the bibliographic information, users can review the title's subject ranking and adoption information.
A title's subject ranking indicates its level of demand within a specific subject area according to MBS Textbook Exchange, Inc.'s, order history indicating the book's popularity within its assigned subject area. (Titles are assigned to the unique subject taxonomy created by MBS Textbook Exchange, Inc.)
In addition, the adoption data indicates where and how often the textbook is used in the United States, and users can view a list of schools that have adopted a particular textbook.
Perhaps the most useful tool within the Faculty Center Network is the FCNotebook. It allows users to keep a separate list of titles that they are interested in so they do not have to search for those titles every time they visit the Faculty Center Network.
From the FCNotebook, users also can create an adoptions list to give to their departmental textbook coordinator or bring to MSU Bookstore for ordering purposes. Users simply create their adoptions list, and then they fill in name, campus address, department, phone number, e-mail address and term. Finally, on a title-by-title basis, users can enter a course, section, quantity and statement of use information.
Users can also create an organized list of titles for requesting desk copies.(Faculty should contact the publishers directly in order to receive a desk copy for a title.)
Within the FCNotebook faculty can:
- Search or browse the database of over 225,000 titles
- Research and review textbooks for adoption consideration
- Obtain publisher contact information
- See how popular a title is and where it's used
- Generate an Adoptions list to return to the Bookstore
- Locate desk copy request information by title
TWM Research - www.newtextlistings.com
Each semester, MSU Bookstore, Inc. participates in a study to track curriculum changes at over 250 engineering schools. This enables our campus, by way of this participation, to access the information obtained in the study. This service allows faculty to find out about new publications earlier in the semester - thus reducing delays, last-minute changes and errors in their textbook adoption orders to the Bookstore.
Though not helpful for all disciplines at MSU, this service is currently available for departments of engineering, technology, computer science, math, physics and statistics.
Here are a few other things you should know about this Web site:
- It is designed to improve the flow of information between publishers and faculty at over 250 universities in the US and Canada.
- It allows instructors to look up the course(s) they are scheduled to teach to see what recent publications (including new editions) MIGHT be appropriate for that course.
- It focuses exclusively on new titles and editions.
- It provides a direct link to the publisher's Web page for each title.
- It is updated at the beginning of each Fall and Spring semester.
- It is NOT a listing of what books are in use at each school.
- It is NOT an online bookstore - instructors should contact the publisher to order an examination copy and adoption orders should be placed with the Bookstore.
Certainly, the poor timing of a new edition, or the non-availability of a classic, can have a negative affect on the decision of what to book to use, but normally it must be based on the needs and pedagogical concerns of the instructor. Ultimately, that decision is a personal one, but the use of the above Web sites can greatly aid users in their decision making process.
While choosing a textbook is by no means an easy process, it is hoped these two valuable resources can make the effort somewhat less daunting.
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Among the many important and complicated issues that UK and EU officials must resolve during the course of Brexit negotiations is the future of UK-EU police and security cooperation. While much of the pre- and post-referendum debate and discussion in the UK and across Europe has revolved around issues such as migration, trade, and the size of the UK’s “exit bill,” equally important for both sides is the desire to minimize the practical impact on police and counterterrorism cooperation, and preserving the smooth extradition of criminal and terrorism suspects between the UK and EU countries.
David Davis, the Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union, has said that, “the UK government currently benefits greatly from close and interdependent police and security cooperation with EU institutions and member states,” and has listed “maintaining the strong security co-operation we have with the EU” as one of the government’s four main priorities in Brexit negotiations.
Continued cooperation between the UK and the EU in these areas is essential. The UK and EU member states face common threats from organised crime and jihadist-inspired terrorism. But despite a shared interest in maintaining a close relationship in these policy areas, negotiations on the future of UK-EU police and security cooperation will face a number of political, legal, and practical hurdles.
UK participation in EU Justice and Home Affairs measures
The domain of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) has been one of the most active EU policy areas in recent decades. The EU has built up and expanded its set of tools and capabilities to combat organised crime, terrorism, illegal immigration, and to facilitate judicial and police cooperation among its member states.
The UK has been at the forefront of shaping the direction and purpose of structures and policies within this domain. The UK has the highest number of seconded officers at Europol headquarters in The Hague, for example, who work on issues such as cybercrime, human trafficking, and illegal immigration. The UK was a major advocate of the European Arrest Warrant (EAW) and the EU’s Passenger Name Record (PNR) directive.
UK governments past and present have deemed a number of JHA measures to be essential for public safety and national security. In 2013, when current Prime Minister Theresa May was serving as Home Secretary, the UK announced a “mass opt-out” of 130 JHA measures. Following months of deliberation in government and Parliament, the House of Commons voted overwhelmingly the following year to voluntarily opt back in to 35 key JHA measures, which May described as necessary to “stop foreign criminals from coming to Britain, deal with European fighters coming back from Syria, stop British criminals evading justice abroad, prevent foreign criminals evading justice by hiding here, and get foreign criminals out of our prisons.”
Many police and security officials in the UK say these measures offer significant benefits to public safety and national security, and warn that their jobs would be harder outside of EU arrangements. UK negotiators will thus seek to maintain access to many JHA tools and functions.
Top priorities include Europol’s database of foreign fighters and suspected terrorists; the European Arrest Warrant, which facilitates the swift extradition of suspects among EU member states; the Second Generation Schengen Information System (SIS II), which allows police and border guards across the EU to share information on suspects, vehicles, travel documents, firearms, and other property; and the Passenger Name Records directive, which provides law enforcement authorities the names and flight information of air passengers entering or departing from the EU.
Political, legal and practical hurdles to a Post-Brexit deal
The UK government has indicated that it wants a bespoke deal with the EU on police and security cooperation post-Brexit, and ideally something close to the current relationship. Such an arrangement would preserve the UK’s access to operational data and intelligence contained in EU databases on individuals considered to be a threat, the extradition of criminal suspects to and from the UK, and maintain some level of influence for the UK on the pace and direction of developments in the JHA policy domain.
Negotiations will confront a number of political, legal, and practical hurdles, however. There is no precedent for a non-EU country to participate fully in core JHA measures. The EU does have some partnerships with third countries in this domain, but these countries do not receive full access to EU databases and have no influence over the strategic or operational direction of JHA agencies and functions.
For continued access to key JHA measures, the UK will likely be required to pay into the JHA budget, a possibility that the government has not ruled out. There is a precedent for such an arrangement. Norway, for example, contributes to the EU budget for limited access to JHA tools and capabilities.
An even bigger hurdle is whether the UK accepts some form of oversight by the European Court of Justice (ECJ). Theresa May has said repeatedly that she intends to remove the UK from ECJ jurisdiction, but EU member states are bound by the rulings of the Court, and EU agencies such as Europol also operate under its jurisdiction.
Additionally, any arrangement between the EU and UK must be consistent with standards set by the ECJ for EU agreements with third countries. So while the UK may no longer be under the formal jurisdiction of the ECJ, in practice it may have no choice but to comply with ECJ rulings.
The UK and EU have a common interest in maintaining a close relationship in police and security cooperation. A recent study by the RAND Corporation described the UK-EU security relationship as “too big to fail.” EU countries are and will continue to be among the UK’s closest partners when it comes to intelligence sharing, counter-terrorism cooperation, and combating organised crime. UK police and security services are among the most professional and effective in the EU, and have a range of expertise they can offer to EU member states.
The outcome of negotiations will determine the nature of the security relationship for decades to come. But just because it is in both sides’ interest to grant the UK a special status in the EU’s police and security arrangements does not guarantee that an agreement will be easy or quick to achieve.
By Richard Maher is Research Fellow at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies of the European University Institute.
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PRINCE RUPERT Communities in BC that adopt a program involving municipal workers with local police in the fight against crime are safer as a result of the joint effort, says CUPE BC President Barry ONeill, who will deliver a presentation on the unions City Watch program at Prince Rupert city council Tuesday, March 29, 2005 at 7:00 p.m.
The program, which is already in effect in several B.C. municipalities, is a joint effort of labour, civic officials and local police to reduce crime rates by providing extra eyes and ears for the community. Under City Watch, municipal workers are trained to recognize potential criminal activity and report suspicious behaviour.
Presentation on City Watch program, Barry ONeill CUPE BC President
Tuesday, March 28, 2005 at 7:00 p.m
Prince Rupert Council Chambers
Weve had a lot of success with City Watch where its been introduced, says ONeill. Local residents appreciate having city workers trained to help enforcement officials, and the police appreciate it because it makes their job easier. Its also good for our members, because it shows how committed city workers are to the community they work and live in.
ONeills presentation to Prince Rupert city council will focus on how the program works and the successes so far. City Watch has already been launched in Victoria, Ladysmith, Chilliwack, the District of Kent, Langley Township, Kamloops and Prince George. Training begins next month for a City Watch program in Burnaby.
ONeill, back in the North as part of a provincial tour, will be available for media interviews after his presentation to council.
Barry ONeill, CUPE BC president, c: (604) 916-8444 or Diane Kalen, CUPE Communications, c: (778 )229-0258.
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I took a very quick look (I will read more later when I am at home).
This is a *very professional* piece of work. A few years back I knew nothing about marshalling in C' and this would have helped me tremendously.
About improvements- you'll know what you know technically so, I presume, you mean your (english) technical authoring skills.
I'm not a professional technical author myself but I know a good piece of writing when I see it. All I can say is perhaps, avoid the vernacular for the time being: you say: "homer"- do you mean "homing pigeon" (it is a good analogy
. And you say:
"Keep in mind that. .NET Framework allows you to take a granular level of control over the marshaling process and that would be very complicated. However, things can be so simple."
Better: "Keep in mind that .NET Framework allows you to take a granular level of control over the marshaling process and, therefore, this could become complicated. However, things can still be kept simple."
My analysis- English has many verb tenses for the future sense so maybe avoid these as its easy to use the wrong one.
My last piece of advice is - what I find separates good writers from very good ones is the wise use of punctuation
Keep it up!
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https://forums.red-gate.com/viewtopic.php?p=41971
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Graduation Project, Visual Communication Department, "The academy of Arts and Design,Bezalel".
When I listen to music I see colors and shapes and when I watch visual art I hear sounds.I wanted to express my sensing of shapes colors and music in this short movie.
I have chosen a short Jazz piece, which I have known for many years of my playing the saxophone: "Giant Steps" by John Coltraine. Coltrane made a major break through with his album "Giant Steps" in the year 1959. It was the first time in the history of Jazz music that someone based his music on symmetrical patterns, which stemmed from a mathematical division of the musical scale.
The structural approach of John Coltraineto music is associated with architectural thinking. The musical theme defines a space and the musical improvisation is like someone drifting in that imaginary space.
"Architecture is crystallized music". Goethe.
Duration of film: 2:15 minutes
Erinnert ein bißchen an das "Star Guitar" Video von den Chemical Brothers.
Musik kommt vom Mastermind John Coltrane
Zuletzt bearbeitet von waiu am Di 12.07.2005 14:31, insgesamt 2-mal bearbeitet
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February 23, 1920 - August 11, 1942
Elizabeth Genevieve Woodman was the daughter of George and Mary Louise Woodman of New Harbour, Newfoundland. Mr. Woodman was a 'general dealer/merchant/clerk.' Elizabeth had two brothers, Ford and Neal and four sisters, Patricia, Elaine, Eileen, and Grace. The family was Anglican.
Elizabeth attended New Harbour School from 1926-1937. She studied English literature, history, arithmatic, algebra, geometry, French, economics, English language and botany in Grade XI.
In 1940-1941, Elizabeth taught school. She also had been a store clerk.
When she enlisted with the CWAAF in Halifax, Nova Scotia on November 27, 1941, Elizabeth felt she was qualified to be an equipment assistant, as she had experience in handling goods, stock taking and simple bookkeeping. "Good type and good general appearance." She was taken on strength as an equipment assistant, although she had requested to be a motor transport driver as another option.
She stood 5' 1 1/2" tall, weighed 127 pounds, had light brown hair and hazel eyes, with a scar on the medial aspect of middle finger, left hand. She liked to skate, swim, play basketball and field hockey.
TRAINING AND POSTINGS:
On one evaluation: "10 out of 16 students. 64% Hard working student. Very attentive."
On January 8, 1942 at No. 6 M Depot, Toronto, she fell from the upper bunk. "I have constant pain in the small of my back which is aggravated by standing and moving about, even in bed. I cannot bend my back in any direction without experiencing severe pain," she said. In the medical report: Elizabeth "had landed on her back with her feet and knees drawn up and her back arched. She got herself up off the floor by herself and lay back down on the bed. She slept fairly well, being awakened by rolling over. Back was not very sore the next day and she carried on with full duties and did not report it to the M.O. Was transferred to No. 8 SFTS, Moncton, arriving January 25, 1942."
On May 4, 1942, AW1 Woodward reported to the Medical Officer and her back was examined. She was able to perform all her duties, with a minimum of limitation and discomfort. The MO felt she was suffering from strain. Heat and massage were given. "On May 26, 1942, the patient returned to Sick Quarters again and was re-examined. She could bend and touch her toes easily. She was able to extend well...some tenderness was elicated along the right side of the lumbar spine and seemed entirely muscular. Heat and massage were again given and patient returned to work."
On June 22, 1942, Elizbeth returned to the MO, "complaining that her back was getting worse. She was suffering intense pain and unable to do the work and to bend or twist." A medical examination took place. "Respiratory: the chest is somewhat asymmetrical, a definite change from last time the patient was seen. The right chest is flattened anteriorly and bulged posterirly. The left chest is bulged anteriorly and flatterned posteriorly. The lung fields are negative." The report continued. "Back: there is an obvious socliosis with primary curve convex left in lumbar region and the compensatory curve convex to the right on the dorsal region. There is twisting of the thoracic cage. The spines of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th lumbar vertebrae are quite prominent and tenderness is elicited in this region on deep pressure. The surrounding muscles are tender and spastic. All movements are extremely bunted. Diagnosis: Scoliosis (traumatic). This patient is to have whole spine and sacro-iliac region x-rayed." On June 24: X-ray: "There is a crushing fracture of the first lumbar vertebra, with fracture of the lateral process and displacement towards the right side." The next day: "Patient not complaining severely and is about the same. Back strapped with adhesive pending removal to Montreal." On June 26: "Back much more comfortable since being strapped but still painful. Is to be transferred to Montreal today."
Probable duration of injury: Six to nine months, hyperextension and plaster, treatment in hospital or convelenscent home likely to be beneficial. "This airwoman be brought before a board of Medical Officers for categorization and recommendations."
On July 9, 1942, Elizabeth had surgery. "Exploratory laminectomy, spinal fusion, with parallel bone grafts. Dr. Cone and Dr. Turner. The laminae of L1 was completely removed and L2 partially removed....as much tissue as possible was removed and a curette was used. Bone grafts were placed in a parallel manner from T11 to L3 inclusively. It is unfortunate that the nature of the lesion was not recognized before the operation. It seems inevitable that tuberculosis meningitis will result -- also a tuberculosis infection of the wound is extremely likely.
On July 20, 1942, AW1 Woodman was discharged "in consequence of Para. 392 (10) (a) Medically unfit for any form of Air Force Service." This was confirmed at No. 5 Manning Depot, Lachine, Quebec.
Dr. Shaver, Neurological Intern reported: "Following the operation, the patient developed clinical evidence of tuberculosis meningitis with increasing number of lymphs, and polyps in the spinal fluid. Repeated cultures of the CSF failed to reveal organisms, however, prior to death, the patient showed evidence of vascular occlusions, involving the nervous system, probably due to periarteritis in localized field."
On August 11, 1942, Elizabeth Genevieve Woodman died in Montreal. The Canadian Pension Commission stated: "In the opinion of the Commission, death from tuberculosis meningitis was the result of a pre-enlistment condition, aggravated during service in Canada, subsequent to May 21, 1940, but not pensionable as the aggravation did not arise out of, nor was it directly connected with, military service."
Elizabeth's body was transported back to Newfoundland and she was buried at the St. Augustine Cemetery, New Harbour, Newfoundland.
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RasPlex CEC Settings
I recently updated my RasPlex through the automatic updater built into the software package. There were a few things that needed to be adjusted right away, such as the resolution. There was, however, one setting which I didn’t immediately change. Every time I turned off the TV with the TV remote the RasPlex would power cycle. The TV would then send commands to the RasPlex the HDMI port in what’s referred to as CEC, Consumer Electronics Control.
CEC is a function of the HDMI standard that allows you to cut down
on the number of remotes you have by being able to automatically
interact with devices that are plugged into your TV via HDMI. Awesome Idea!
The only problem I had with that was when I turned the TV off it was power cycling the RasPlex as well. And after the RasPlex turned itself on, then it would send the command to the TV to turn itself back on. Needless to say, I turned the TV off multiple times and it kept coming back on. Just a bit frustrating.
The RasPlex (Raspberry Pi) is powered by a standard 1 volt 5 amp micro USB cellphone type charger. This has a very low draw, so leaving it turned on and plugged in all day long didn’t cause any alarm. Having the TV on all day long or having to unplug the RasPlex each time I turned off the TV is an extra step that I didn’t want.
I decided to check out the RasPlex developer’s GitHub page to see if the issue had been addressed or solved. Good news, it has been addressed. The fix was quite simple. I only had to make one adjustment to the CEC settings for the RasPlex in the preferences. After that quick fix, the RasPlex no longer rebooted and turned the TV back on each time I switched off the TV.
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Bassano is easily the least known of the great painters of sixteenth-century Venice—a galaxy that includes Giorgione and Titian, Tintoretto and Veronese, and Lorenzo Lotto. Why this should be so is not altogether clear, for he was an artist of remarkable originality and in his lifetime enjoyed a European reputation. However, the fact that he chose to remain in his native Bassano del Grappa, northwest of Venice, and there established a family practice that included his sons Francesco (1549–1592), Leandro (1557–1622), and Gerolamo (1566–1621), and that many of the altarpieces he supplied were to churches in the Venetian terra firma, certainly helps explain why Vasari—the famous biographer of Renaissance artists—slighted him the way he did. Bassano is only mentioned in passing, with the remark that many of his works are “very beautiful” and can be found “dispersed throughout Venice, and they are held in high esteem—especially the little works with animals of all kinds.” In other words, what struck Vasari, with his Florentine bias, was a particular kind of painting that became a specialty of the Bassano workshop in which biblical themes are treated with a genre-like emphasis on domestic settings and animals.
A far more just assessment is found in the biography published in the following century (1648) by the Venetian writer Carlo Ridolfi. There Bassano is rightly praised for his original and powerful style, based on a new naturalism. Today, Bassano is recognized as the author of some of the most astonishing as well as original pictures of the sixteenth century: works that combine an acute attention to naturalistic detail with elegantly choreographed figures and an interest in everyday activities. His night scenes broke new ground and were widely imitated (Annibale Carracci‘s small Entombment of Christ in the Metropolitan Museum was inspired by an altarpiece by Bassano in Padua). So did his depictions of biblical scenes in a domestic mode, which are crucial to any history of genre painting. He was keenly attuned to the work of other artists and was quick to take up the most advanced ideas in painting. In other words, he embraced change and novelty as few others did while at the same time running an extremely profitable business.
His early paintings of the 1530s can strike a tone of domestic simplicity that, in some respects, seems a prelude to Caravaggio. A good example is his Supper at Emmaus (1538) in the Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, in which depictions of an innkeeper, a servant boy dressed in sixteenth-century costume carrying a roast chicken, a table with a dish of hardboiled eggs, bread, a glass of wine, cherries, and a dog and cat explore what might be thought of as a “humble” style of painting. The same is true of the haunting Flight into Egypt (1542) in the Toledo Museum of Art, in which the animals and the farm buildings in the background are given the same attention as the principal figures. There is an analogy in these pictures with certain devotional practices that sought to bring the events of the Bible closer to the lives of ordinary people. It is especially in this respect that Bassano’s work can be seen as a prelude to the revolution of realism championed by Caravaggio at the end of the century. At the same time, Bassano is acutely aware of the expectations of style and his figures are always carefully posed.
Over the course of the 1540s, Bassano embraced the tenets of Mannerism and his figures move and gesture with a new balletic elegance. His awareness of the work of Raphael and Parmigianino was through the medium of prints, which he must have collected in great abundance. The masterpiece of this phase and one of the outstanding Renaissance paintings in America is The Flight into Egypt in the Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena. What is remarkable in this work is that there is no decrease in the naturalism of the details—quite the opposite. Flora and fauna are observed with the attention we might expect from a botanist while the landscape fully conveys Bassano’s love of the farms and villages dotting the foothills of the Alps. Light gives unity to this truly astonishing composition in which the two critical poles of Renaissance art—central Italian emphasis on drawing and design and a northern Italian naturalism achieved through an emphasis on color—are held in a dynamic balance.
Throughout the 1550s, Bassano’s art emphasizes “style” and “artifice” over “naturalism” and he uses color as an expressive device. Mimesis is no longer foremost in his mind and his pictures acquire a new sophistication: their language is more elevated but not less expressive. During the 1560s and 1570s, he gave new emphasis to landscape and to domestic life—for instance, Christ in the House of Mary and Martha portrayed as a kitchen scene. But so far from possessing the deceptive simplicity of his early work, these pictures consciously play with ideas of what we could call high and low style and the naturalistic details are completely integrated into an elegant style of great sophistication. These are works that compete on equal ground with the finest compositions of Tintoretto and Veronese. Bassano’s interest in setting his scenes in the evening or at night, with artificial illumination, was both innovative and enormously popular. Indeed, nocturnal scenes became a staple of his busy workshop. El Greco, who was in Venice between 1567 and 1570, was especially attentive to Bassano’s work.
The last decade of Bassano’s career is marked by yet another shift. By this time, Bassano’s most gifted son, Francesco, had set up an independent and highly profitable practice in Venice, receiving important commissions in the Doge’s palace and supplying pictures based on or inspired by his father’s work. Leandro Bassano became Jacopo’s principal assistant. However, so far from relinquishing the brush, Jacopo, clearly inspired by Titian’s late work, explored a new and highly personal style, with its broken brushwork and nighttime settings—canvases such as the Crowning with Thorns in the Alte Pinakothek, Munich, or the Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence in the Church of the Gesuiti in Venice. Original to the end, Bassano gave to Titian’s style an almost rustic vehemence—Carlo Ridolfi referred to his “stabs of the brush.” His last pictures, such as the Baptism of Christ (2012.99), are imbued with a quality of impending tragedy that can be seen as the paradigmatic product of old age: a dark meditation on life and mortality. The Baptism of Christ was left unfinished in his studio when he died and was retained by his heirs. What is unclear is how “unfinished,” or non finito, it really is, for the idea of an unfinished style was much discussed in the sixteenth century. Bassano seems intentionally to employ a lack of finish for its expressive potential. The Baptism of Christ shares expressive affinities with the last paintings of Caravaggio and even with the so-called black paintings of Goya. They cannot help but strike the present-day viewer as remarkably modern.
Bassano was also a brilliant draftsman. Here, too, he was an innovator in his use of colored chalk on blue paper.
Christiansen, Keith. “Jacopo dal Ponte, called Bassano (ca. 1510–1592).” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/bass/hd_bass.htm (March 2009)
Brown, Beverly Louise, and Paola Marini, eds. Jacopo Bassano, c. 1510–1592. Fort Worth: Kimbell Art Museum, 1993.
Christiansen, Keith. “Annibale Carracci (1560–1609).” (October 2003)
Christiansen, Keith. “Antonello da Messina (ca. 1430–1479).” (March 2010)
Christiansen, Keith. “Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi) (1571–1610) and his Followers.” (October 2003)
Christiansen, Keith. “Domenichino (Domenico Zampieri) (1581–1641).” (September 2008)
Christiansen, Keith. “El Greco (Domenikos Theotokopoulos) (1541–1614).” (October 2004)
Christiansen, Keith. “Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (1696–1770).” (October 2003)
Christiansen, Keith. “Sienese Painting.” (October 2004)
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Local Group, in astronomy, loose cluster of at least 35 nearby galaxies, including our own Milky Way galaxy, the Andromeda Galaxy, and the Magellanic Clouds. The Local Group is spread over an ellipsoidal region of space with a major axis of approximately 3 million light-years. The Milky Way galaxy, near one end of the major axis, and the Andromeda Galaxy, near the other end, are the largest members of the group. Some of the galaxies in the group have been detected only by their infrared radiation; a dusty region in space obscures their visible light. There may be other galaxies in the Local Group that are as yet undetected. As shown by the work of G. de Vaucouleurs, the Local Group is part of a supercluster containing at least 50 separate clusters, each having from a few dozen to as many as a thousand galaxies. These groups appear to be concentrated in a plane, which indicates that the supercluster is rotating. Its center lies approximately 50 million light-years away in the direction of the constellation Virgo.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Astronomy: General
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Bullying, harassment, and discrimination in the workplace is against the law, even more so when the target has or is assumed to have a disability. Disability harassment at work is prohibited from all stages of employment, including recruitment, workplace terms and conditions and dismissal. Companies should focus on creating a safe and productive workplace, not just how to make profits.
If you are feeling unsafe due to bullying, harassment or discrimination in your workplace, you can try and let your employer know. If nothing happens, you can consult with a workplace lawyer to see what your rights and options are.
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By Pat Ciarrocchi
PHILADELPHIA (CBS) – Seeing a simple man asking for the blessing of the people is striking religious pilgrims as the mark of a new era.
Pope Francis is a man of firsts and that’s getting the Catholic world’s attention.
“Seeing the Pope come out and being blessed by him was probably the greatest moment of my life so far,” said Laura D’Angelo, a Temple University student, studying in Rome.
Who would think that a 76-year-old man, dressed in white, wearing a simple cross could illicit a “greatest moment.” But it did.
Laura and her twin sister, Renee had their eyes fixed on the Sistine Chapel chimney for hours, until that moment.
“My sister was like ‘it’s white, it’s white’ and it was just incredible.” said Laura. “I don’t even know how to explain it, but it was awesome.”
Felicia Pomon is also from Temple studying in Rome and ran through the streets toward St. Peter’s when the smoke turned white.
“People here are like fascinated by him and they love what he does and what he has to offer, so I think it definitely opened my eyes,” said Felicia.
Another eye opener has been the reach of social media. The Pope’s twitter account — @pontifex — has been reactivated. And the Vatican’s Facebook page is finding its place too.
Danielle McMonagle is a Villanova student, interning in the Vatican’s Office of Social Communication. Danielle’s expert insight into the ways of social media is helping spread the message, especially to young people.
“We put up a bunch of pictures of the white smoke and things like that and we were getting hundreds of likes,” said Danielle.
The “likes” came from around the world, though the English language page is the most popular.
Danielle arrived for her internship the day after Pope Benedict’s resignation. She’s witnessed the growth in the social media connections in just weeks.
The goal now is to keep it interactive.
The Vatican is on the threshold of a new era, in more ways than one.
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This new edition presents eight powerful visual models that boost all learnersa metacognitive and critical thinking skills. Updates include new research, examples, and applications.Clay maintains that seven basic principles must be learned by children before they can be said to write, and that many of these principles ... In Florida, for example, all fourth-grade students are assessed annually on either narrative writing or expository writing ato explain why. ... In 1999, the percentage of fourth- grade students passing the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) at Brookshireanbsp;...
|Title||:||Student Successes With Thinking Maps®|
|Author||:||David N. Hyerle, Larry Alper|
|Publisher||:||Corwin Press - 2011-01-28|
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“Is this going to have a happy ending?”
This question rose from an otherwise quiet classroom from a student who was getting worried since the documentary we were watching seemed to be going awry. The documentary, Home, follows the experience of a working-class single black mother of six children on her journey to buy a home to move out of the projects in Newark, New Jersey.
I was a little caught off guard by the question, both because it sprang forth in the middle of the film, out loud and waiting for a response, and also because of the expectation that the documentary have a feel-good ending. I didn’t want to give the story away, and I also didn’t want to imply that there is only one version of what counts as “happy,” or that the end of the documentary was the end of the story. Happiness is fleeting. And endings are subjective.
“Well,” I said, “it depends on what a happy ending is.”
I knew that the real question was, is everything going to turn out all right for the family? Is the mother going to get the house? Are her children going to be able to move out of the violent environment they are living in? Will the mother pull herself (and her children) out of poverty proving the merits of meritocracy? But this was not a fictional feel-good film, it was a true story. And the story, like so many others, serves as a reminder that good things don’t always happen to good people. And sometimes, regardless of how hard someone works, how deserving they are, how good looking, how smart, how likeable, their happy ending doesn’t look the way we have been conditioned to imagine them.
American movies and fairy tales romanticize trauma and hurt by framing them with happy endings where the protagonists fall in love, the villain goes to jail, the poor person gets an inheritance, the sick person gets well, and everyone lives the Disney-eque happily ever after. In the happy endings of privileged lives/eyes, no one dies, no one hurts, pain is deserved, and in the end children are protected, love is enough, and poverty only exists out there somewhere in the faraway distance or past.
But in the real world, many people don’t have the privilege of a canonical happy ending. In the real world, people settle for some semblance of fairness in their lives while others, many (based on who they are, how and where they were born, the color of their skin, the accent on their tongues, the performance of their gender, their biological sex, who their parents are, or aren’t, how much money they have, who they make love to, whether or not they meet societal standards of beauty, etc.) don’t have peace, go to bed hungry, don’t have sound minds, go to substandard schools, don’t get better, live in substandard homes, don’t have homes to go to, or arms to run to, don’t know unconditional love, don’t have good health, will never be seen as “normal,” won’t see better days, won’t make it out of the bad situation they started in, won’t be swept off their feet, won’t survive, or go down in a blaze of glory. Real life endings are not always happy. Real life beginnings aren’t either.
In my own life I often ask myself, “is this (my life) going to have a happy ending?”
And then I think about the black and brown folk all over the world who find bliss in the simplest of things, and I wonder what happiness means. I was a melancholy child and I am a depressive adult, so happiness is and has always been something to be attempted or worked towards, not a perpetual state of being. Happiness is a possibility, but not a promise.
I have spent many hours, many days trying to get to happy, get happy, be happy. I have also spent many hours punishing myself for not being (or feeling) happy, which oftentimes feels selfish and ungrateful.
In our capitalist culture we learn that happiness means owning material things, having material worth, being in a traditional relationship, and feeling like you are worth something. It seems like we are always working towards happiness as the reward for hard work, patience, and endurance (sometimes suffering). We never think about how happiness is a commodity that is bought and sold to us if we are gullible enough to think it can be contained and owned and held for longer than the moments we achieve it. Companies offer us happiness in a bottle if you can afford it. If you don’t have the money then you have to settle for hand-me-down happiness, whatever is left over after the well runs dry. Some folk go broke trying to get to happy.
If/when you are not happy people feel sorry for you and assume there is something wrong with you. Strangers and intimates alike tend to (oftentimes unknowingly and unintentionally) make you feel guilty for not being happy all the damn time.
Truth is, there is no such thing as happily ever after. There is happy. But there is also sad, pissed off, ambivalent, angry, and disenchanted. But we are master pretenders…seasoned actors who smile when we don’t mean it, dress up when we’re feeling down, and play the part of “happy-go-lucky” person when we really feel like shit, so that other people will feel comfortable. Truth is, happiness is dictated by hegemonic promises that nobody can keep up with. Not even the Joneses.
I take my happiness in degrees and hold it with both hands, but I don’t hold too tight. I know it comes and goes like beautiful weather, good sex, and bad attitudes. To me, happiness is knowing that the people I care about know I care about them. Happiness is utilizing my gifts to make people smile. Happiness is calling blackgirls beautiful. Happiness is feeling beautiful. Happiness is being able to donate my time, money, energy and endorsement to worthwhile causes. Happiness is teaching my students to see and consider standpoints beyond their own. Happiness is hearing my mother and grandmother’s voices on the phone, doing just fine. Happiness is looking back over my life and recognizing how far I have come (in thinking, loving, and being).
But every day is not happy. Every moment is not happy. And that is not failure. That’s life. Some days will be punctuated by sadness, anger, resentment, frustration, confusion and disappointment. Some days will be blissful.
It has taken me years to give myself permission to not be happy all the time. To admit my humanity. To embrace my vulnerability. To appreciate all of my emotions. It is a brave confession, but when I’m not feeling happy, I am at least feeling brave. I am learning to not be invested in a life without tears, sadness, or disappointment, but I am down for a life fully lived
happily ever after.
Happily Ever After?
So, does the documentary have a happy ending? It depends on what a happy ending looks like.
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.crunkfeministcollective.com/2013/03/11/getting-to-happy-or-the-myth-of-happily-ever-after/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00001-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
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|
Dr. John W. Scott
Professor of Horticultural Sciences, Tomato Breeding and Genetics
Dr. John Scott's research focuses on tomato breeding and genetics, including:
- disease and insect resistance,
- tolerance to genetic disorders,
- heat-tolerant fruit setting,
- genetic and environmental effects of fruit flavor and color, and
- development of high lycopene germplasm.
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<urn:uuid:6416bbc6-4579-4462-9d0c-a55c329d36d0>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://gcrec.ifas.ufl.edu/faculty/dr-john-scott/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00034-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.848604
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| 2
|
The Occupy Movement was born three years after the major credit crisis of 2008 that affected the economic world. Around the world, many people protested the inequalities of the economic systems of their countries. Whether it was the United States, Canada or anywhere else, the message seemed to be the same. People wanted a new way to live in a society where the financial system was not as corrupt or susceptible to the issues that have been ongoing, particularly in a capitalist economic system.
Now in 2015, the Occupy Movement no longer seems to be catching the attention of the media. A few signs of the movement can still be seen and considered relevant to the issues society is currently facing. For example, US Democratic candidate Bernie Sanders has been attracting the support of many former Occupy protestors, who were active in Occupy Wall Street in the United States. His messages include the notion of the 99% versus the 1% wealthy.
In Canada, Quebec students took to occupying schools outside Montreal, using many of the similar methods of past Occupy movements in Canada.
However, from 2011 to the few pocket movements still around in 2015, what seems to be similar, particularly in the US and Canada, is a lack of long-term action. For example, in the early stages of the US Occupy movements, people were being arrested, but later year after year, people only congregated to celebrate the anniversary of these movements. No actual lasting impact seems to have been made in regards to change.
Hong Kong, whose own Occupy movements caught the world’s attention at first, has now created an exhibition of the movement. This seems improper for what Occupy meant, by making the movement an exhibition, it shows that the impact was only subtle and is now history, perpetuating the message that the Occupy movements around the world resulted only in protests and awareness with no permanent long-term solution to economic inequalities.
Currently, it appears that the Occupy movements have disappeared or disintegrated into various smaller causes.
One country where there has been more permanent change is Argentina, where people appear to have taken the opportunity to participate as citizens to instigate positive change in their country and demand more accountability so that future economic inequalities can be avoided. Their route seems to be working.
Argentina: Occupying, Resisting, and Producing
Argentina’s idea of occupying started in the mid-1990s, but gained considerable momentum after the 2001 economic crisis. Rather than just protesting and demanding that the government do something, what the large working population of Argentina did, was take over abandoned factories and run the factories themselves, in what are called worker cooperatives. The workers would occupy abandoned factories, then resist any attempts at removal by law enforcement and/or the factory owners and then produce materials out of those factories. Thereby creating and maintaining jobs.
Argentina’s internal problems led it to borrow extensive foreign capital. Concessions that Argentina was making in order to receive aid from the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank appeared to do more harm than good and led to internal economic problems.
This movement of occupying, then resisting those who wish to take the workers out of the factories and then producing created an immense impact. So much so, that the workers were able to continue to take over abandoned factories to this day under the law of expropriation that the government of Argentina sanctioned for the workers. The government of Argentina continues to show this support for the recovery factory movement by the workers.
In fact, the government of Argentina is currently in a dispute with Spain. The government of Argentina is using the law of expropriation itself to reclaim state-owned enterprises. In the case with Spain, in 2014, Argentina made the move to expropriate the Spanish oil company Repsol. It seems that the common movement amongst the workers of Argentina has now influenced their own government.
In 2015, the government of Argentina has continued to make progress with expropriation. The government would like to expropriate the railway system. As well, it is in a battle with a US litigation fund group and a Spanish company that managed the airline Aerolineas Argentinas, which the Argentina government expropriated in 2008. The outcome of the disputes will determine the limits of Argentina’s actions.
What does this worker led movement have to do with Occupy? Perhaps it is showing an alternative to protesting. This movement has thrived in Argentina and continues to because the workers are now able to do so with the full force of the law. While Argentina’s laws appear to be unfairly skewed against the original investors in the factories and expropriated enterprises, it might be possible for those who wish to see actual results in other countries to work with their governments within existing or new laws to find ways to improve their economic conditions.
|
<urn:uuid:5f2dbf0c-879f-4270-b10b-07d89302e3b4>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://natoassociation.ca/are-occupy-movements-still-relevant/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00677.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.972182
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| 3.109375
| 3
|
WASHINGTON, Aug. 20 (JTA) In what is being viewed as a symbol of American support for Israel, an Israeli delegation will arrive in Washington next week to continue a dialogue on the strategic relationship between the two close allies.
The meetings, a resumption of talks that flourished during the Clinton administration, are aimed at sending a signal that while the United States occasionally may criticize Israel’s tactics in its conflict with the Palestinians, the two countries are still aligned in a strong strategic relationship.
“The U.S. knows that Israel knows that the State Department has to say certain things in public,” one military analyst said, citing recent condemnations of Israeli incursions into the West Bank and the seizure of Palestinian office buildings. “But in a private, face-to-face dialogue, there is a recognition of whose side the U.S. is really on.”
Next Monday’s talks are expected to broach a broad range of strategic issues, including the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in the Middle East, the emerging strategic relationship between Russia and the United States and the situation in Iraq.
Although it may not be on the agenda, the conversation likely will include the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian violence. The United States has been particularly critical of Israel’s use of F-16 airplanes, and has pushed Israel to abandon its policy of targeted killings of Palestinian terrorists and militants.
For its part, Israel wants the Bush administration to turn up the pressure on Palestinian Authority President Yasser Arafat to end violence against Israel.
The meeting is the first since the inaugurations this winter of Bush and Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon. Sharon requested the talks in his first visit to the White House in March.
The dialogue will mirror the Strategic Policy Planning Group established by President Clinton and former Prime Minister Ehud Barak in 1999, which met every four months to bolster Israel’s defense and deterrence capabilities.
Because many of the players have changed since those talks ended at the end of the Clinton administration, next week’s meetings may be a “getting to know you” session.
“This may simply be an exchange of views,” a military analyst said. “It may not create a new breakthrough.”
Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage will receive the Israeli delegation, which will include Foreign Ministry Director-General Avi Gil, Sharon’s foreign policy adviser Danny Ayalon, Defense Ministry Director- General Amos Yaron and National Security Council head Uzi Dayan, according to the Jerusalem Post.
Israel’s ambassador to the United States, David Ivry, who formerly served as national security adviser, helped arrange the talks.
The group also is expected to meet with Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz, Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage, and Deputy National Security Adviser Stephen Hadley, the Post reported.
State Department officials would not comment on the meeting, nor confirm that they are participating in talks with the Israelis.
|
<urn:uuid:7c027e56-8732-49aa-952f-131eb47dd72c>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.jta.org/2001/08/21/life-religion/features/israelis-to-d-c-for-strategic-talks
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00070-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.948552
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| 1.601563
| 2
|
(originally appeared in Trail Walker, quarterly publication of the NY/NJ Trail Conference Spring 2015)
Extra thick soled hiking and trail running shoes are being promoted this Spring and hikers will even see extra thick hiking boots heavily advertised soon, as well. Some of these shoes, referred to as “maximalist” shoes, have soles that are more than three times as thick as even standard hiking and trail running shoes. While ‘maximalist’ shoes have been around for a few years, they were mostly a niche product available from the manufacturers on line or in independent outdoor gear stores. Now, national and regional retailers like REI and Campmor are even selling this unique type of shoes.
The maximalist trail shoes stand out primarily for one feature – mid-sole material almost 1.25 inches thick, often made of a proprietary mix of ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) foam blended with rubber to create increased cushioning.
, like the famous Western States 100 mile race (Karl Meltzer) and posting speed records on the Pacific Crest Trail (Heather “Anish Anderson”) and John Muir Trails (Liz Thomas).
Hikers, backpackers and ultra-marathoners have embraced these re-designed shoes for three reasons. First, the generous cushioning through the mid-sole layer of the shoes provides shock absorption whether running or hiking on the trail or on the road. Second, the shoes have either minimal “drop”, (the height difference between the heel and the forefoot), or, no ‘drop’ at all. Proponents of shoes with minimal or zero “drop” claim that they promote a natural gait with a less forceful impact and allow for a more efficient functioning of the achilles tendon. Third, the maximalist shoes, which now include mainstream brands such as Vasque, Brooks and Skechers, in addition to the two most popular brands, Hoka One One and Altra, generally have a wider and more anatomically shaped toe box. Altras have zero drop while Hoka Ones have a minimal drop.
A few years ago when shoe manufacturers promoted “barefoot” running and trail shoes, like Vibram Five Fingers, they cited research and quoted biomechanics experts supporting the shoes’ benefits. And, they maintained that their shoes hearkened back to our ancient hominid roots as barefoot walkers. Now, very few ‘maximalist’ companies are citing any research backing their claims and the thick soled shoes in no way mimic human ancient foot wear or ambulation. Yet, the shoes are catching on with elite and recreational trail runners and hikers. And some weekend hikers claim that these cushioned, low drop shoes with a lot of room for their toes, helped resolve nagging problems like heel pain and shin splints. One note of caution, thogh. Theelevated platform design of these shoes may prove unstable to anyone prone to ankle sprains. And, if you are getting good results with your current hiking shoes, than, no need to switch.
|
<urn:uuid:2e32af31-c676-41ae-b7cb-f0dc06440933>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://thewalkahead.com/tag/maximalist-shoes/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00675.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.951183
| 644
| 1.601563
| 2
|
An interesting photograph circulating for a few years now on websites and blogs is purported to be a ghostly figure at the White House. Near the center of the photo you can quite clearly see what appears to be a man; the only problem is that you can see through him. According to sources, the photo was taken by a former National Park Service employee, White House photographer Abbie Rowe, during massive renovations on May 25, 1950. It first caught the eye of a man named Bob Martin while reading David McCullough’s book Truman. Since then, it has been spread around as a ghost photo.
At first glance, this seems like an intriguing image. I’m sure plenty of people see it and think it’s undeniably a ghost. That wasn’t my initial reaction, and knowing it was a government photograph only helped confirm in my mind that this is likely a very mundane image. Why is that? Well, let’s just say that I’ve seen something similar before and had it explained to me by an expert.
Years ago while researching local Ohio hauntings, I stumbled across a series of photographs of Jaite Paper Mill in Sagamore Hills Township, Ohio, just three miles away from the house where I grew up. In my background research, I found an archive from the Historic American Engineering Record – a federal program which has documented hundreds of old buildings and other manmade structures of historical and architectural significance across the country – showing drawings and photos of the building shortly after it closed. One photo in particular caught my eye, I was excited at the possibility of having found a ghost caught on film by a photographer hired by the government. The image, taken in 1984 by Jet Lowe, showed a transparent man in the old paper mill.
I wondered if Mr. Lowe knew what he had captured, so after extensive digging I found his email address and sent him a polite email with the image attached, asking about the “anomaly.” I was in luck; Mr. Lowe wrote back. “Good eye!” he said. It was a ghost, but not the supernatural type. This “ghost” is a photography accident. He explained that to take the images, he set up his camera with a long shutter time and walked around with a flash bulb, illuminating dark areas of the rooms. If a photographer takes just a little too long to move, his image is forever imprinted on the film. This figure wasn’t a dead factory worker. It was Jet Lowe himself!
Although these images were taken over thirty years apart, photographic techniques used by professionals were very similar in both decades. And there’s another slight giveaway: the shadows on the ground. In the White House photo, the ground directly in front of the “ghost” is extremely bright, as if lit by a flash. In the Jaite photograph, it’s more difficult to see that distinction, but it’s a little clearer in a second photograph Mr. Lowe mentioned, taken the same day at Jaite. At the bottom right, you can see Jet Lowe once again, holding a large object (containing the flash) as he brightens up the far right side of the photo. He moved several times, so there are three separate “ghosts” close to each other.
Were it not for tracking down the original photographer, I could have spent the next decade believing this was proof that Jaite Paper Mill was a haunted place. And I learned valuable information about photography that day. But does that mean this is the explanation for the White House ghostly image? Perhaps. It could even be a worker who paused there to see what the photographer was doing (as the other observers to his left seem to be doing) before going back to work. Some people claim that it can’t be the result of a long exposure because the other figures are so clear. But when you look at the whole photograph, you can see at least three blurred workers just left of center in the image.
The only person who can give the full story is Abbie Rowe. Unfortunately, Mr. Rowe died on April 17, 1967. Without his commentary, this falls under the category of “unexplained,” but judging by the rest of the photograph, it’s nothing paranormal.
|
<urn:uuid:a007ee56-6188-44b4-babb-23e5dd41397b>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://weekinweird.com/2011/12/11/photographing-history-ghost-white-house/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00075.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.974817
| 889
| 2.28125
| 2
|
use MyLibrary::Auth::Basic; # create a new authentication object my $auth = MyLibrary::Auth::Basic->new(); my $auth = MyLibrary::Auth::Basic->new(sessid => $sessid); # access session attributes my $sessid = $auth->sessid(); my $status = $auth->status(); my $username = $auth->username(); # authenticate my $return_code = $auth->authenticate(username => 'user', password => 'password'); # place session cookie $auth->place_cookie(); # remove session cookie $auth->remove_cookie(); # close a session $auth->close_session();
This method of authentication uses an internal mechanism to MyLibrary, with a simply encryption scheme. The user credentials are stored within the MyLibrary database structure. Users are required to create their own usernames and passwords, and are thus required to memorize them separately from any institutional authentication system. Changing the username and password is handled via the Patron.pm API.
This is the constructor for the class. It creates an object with a default set of attributes if no session id is supplied, and initializes the attributes according to session data previously saved if a session id is supplied. This object uses encapsulated data, so the only means to manipulate session variables is via the supplied API. This is done for security reasons and to help maintain data integrity.
# create a new auth object my $auth = MyLibrary::Auth->new(); # create an auth object based upon session id my $auth = MyLibrary::Auth->new(sessid => $sessid);
Get the session id for the current auth object. This method cannot set the session id, only retrieve it.
# get the session id my $sessid = $auth->sessid();
Retrieve the status for this session. There are several status indicators based upon whether or not the user was able to successfully authenticate or is in the process of authentication. The state of authentication status can only be changed internal to the object itself.
# status info my $status = $auth->status();
The username is the name entered for authentication purposes and is retained throughout the life of the session. This is used to identify who the last person was to authenticate from the host where authentication was initiated.
# username my $username = $auth->username();
This method will return a header used to place a cookie with the browser initiating the authentication request.
# place a cookie my $place_cookie_header = $auth->place_cookie();
This method return a header that will delete a cookie from the browser for the current session. This usually occurs when the user indicate that they would like their session terminated.
# delete a cookie my $remove_cookie_header = $auth->remove_cookie();
This method is used to simply receive a message as a return value indicating the status of an authentication attempt. The two required parameters are username and password. If either of these is not present, then the method will return an error message.
# authenticate my $return_code = $auth->authenticate(username => 'joe', password => 'password');
This method will delete the session object from the database, and it will no longer be accessible using the session id.
# close the session $auth->close_session()
For more information, see the MyLibrary home page: http://dewey.library.nd.edu/mylibrary/.
Robert Fox <firstname.lastname@example.org>
|
<urn:uuid:9f844d0c-d08d-43ae-9aed-7a05f9bd87b8>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://search.cpan.org/dist/MyLibrary/lib/MyLibrary/Auth/Basic.pm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00003-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.817268
| 742
| 1.898438
| 2
|
FERPA Basics for Staff
- Federal law designed to protect the privacy of education records. It also provides guidelines for appropriately using and releasing student education records.
- It is intended that students’ rights be broadly defined and applied. Therefore, consider the student as the “owner” of his or her education record, and the institution as the “custodian” of that record.
EducationRecords: Include any record maintained by the institution that is related to the student (in whatever format or medium) with some narrowly defined exceptions:
- Records in the “sole possession of the maker” (e.g., private advising notes).
- Law enforcement records created by a law enforcement agency for that purpose.
- Employment records (unless the employment is based on student status). The employment records of student employees (e.g., work-study, wages, graduate teaching associates) are part of their education records.
- Medical/psychological treatment records (e.g., from a health or counseling center).
- Alumni records (i.e., those created after the student was enrolled).
Directory Information: Those data items that are publicly releasable, so long as the student does not have a “No Release” on his or her record. Each institution establishes what it considers to be directory information. Common examples include: name, address (local, home and e-mail), telephone (local and home), academic program of study, dates of attendance, date of birth, most recent educational institution attended, and degrees and awards received.
- Directory information cannot include: race, gender, SSN, grades, GPA, country of citizenship, or religion.
- Every student must be given the opportunity to have even directory information suppressed from public release. That is referred to as a “No Release.” Everyone within the institution must respect a student’s No Release on his or her record.
Parent: With reference to FERPA, the term “parent” refers to either parent if the student is financially dependent (IRS definition).
When do FERPA rights begin?
A FERPA-related college education record begins for a student when he or she becomes 18 or enrolls in a higher education institution at any age.
Basic Rights of Students
- Be notified of their FERPA rights at least annually.
- Inspect and review their records.
- Amend an incorrect record.
- Consent to disclosure (with exceptions).
Every institution must notify students of their basic FERPA rights at least annually.
Inspection and Review
Students have the right to see everything in their “education record,” except:
- Information about other students,
- Financial records of parents,
- Confidential letters of recommendation if they waived their right of access (which cannot be required).
There is no records retention policy under FERPA. It does not state what records you must make or how long you must keep them. Those are institutional decisions. You cannot destroy records once requested.
Right to Consent to Disclosure
Start with the premise that the student has the right to control to whom his or her education record is released. Then, there are several exceptions when that permission is not required.
Historically, we had to have a signed release. Regulations now provide more flexibility for utilizing electronic signatures.
When is consent not required?
The institution may release records without consent, but is not required to do so. Some examples of the exceptions for having a release include:
- “School officials” with a “legitimate educational interest”/“need to know;” Employees and legal agents have access to education records in order to perform their official, educationally-related duties;
- Disclosure to organizations conducting studies to improve instruction, or to accrediting organizations;
- Disclosure to parents of dependent students (IRS definition); Check to see how your institution expects parents to show that dependent status;
- To comply with a judicial order or lawfully issued subpoena;
- Disclosure for a health/safety emergency; and
- Disclosure of directory information.
- Disciplinary information (Warner Amendment):
- Disclosure to the alleged victim, information from disciplinary proceedings.
- Only when found in violation, and only for crimes of violence--release of name, sanction and outcome (public information); and
- Disclosure to parents of any student under the age of 21, a violation of federal, state, local or institutional laws/regulations related to substance abuse (Foley Amendment).
FERPA rights (and the right to privacy) end at death, unless otherwise specified by state law.
Students have a formal right to file a complaint with the Department of Education.
Key Resources for Additional Information:
|
<urn:uuid:1ed085e1-b7fc-47eb-b124-34adca00d050>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.sheltonstate.edu/faculty_staff/ferpa_training/ferpa_basics_for_staff.aspx
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00480-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.941641
| 989
| 2.984375
| 3
|
Many ugly and unfair things were done to blacks under apartheid. The miracle that some people do not believe happened in 1994 is that black people, generally, forgave whites for their sins.
They chose to let bygones be bygones, release the hurt and trust that the gesture would significantly contribute to nation building and reconciliation. The alternative would have been to cling to the hurt and humiliation and become vengeful beasts that would have plunged the country into a race war without winners.
There are no winners in war.
The apartheid regime waged a relentless war against black people that left thousands dead and countless others with deep scars in their souls. But still the mightiest military state in Africa did not win the war.
Black people who espouse and live out the philosophy of ubuntu – African humaneness – have refused to allow hurt to poison the future that so many died for, including children.
Many people throughout the world found it unthinkable that white people in South Africa could get away with murder, rape and land theft, literally. But through the grace of African people, they did. For those still wondering what the 1994 miracle was, it was the self-effacing forgiving spirit of black people.
In fact, the miracle was not the peaceful election or rise of Nelson Mandela as the first democratically elected leader of a fledgling nation. It was the generosity of black people, in general, to let go of bitterness and anger.
They intuitively knew that if they were to cling to desires of revenge to hurt and humiliate white people, they would be allowing what whites did in the past — to control black behaviour and attitude. White people cannot be hurt by black bitterness and anger. What these negative and useless emotions do is poison black lives.
Anyone who harbours feelings of revenge and anger to hurt others is carrying a heavy burden in their souls.
Unfortunately, there are some black people who are mad and angry at those who inflicted trauma and pain on them. These include men like HF Verwoerd who is dead and gone for over 50 years.
Some black leaders are bitter and angry at this man who is no longer living. Even his apartheid project has collapsed. It is bad enough that Verwoerd designed apartheid that stunted national development and destroyed black lives for 50 years. But Verwoerd is as dead as his apartheid project. They will never return.
Tempting as it is to want to prosecute people like FW de Klerk, Adriaan Vlok and their apparatchiks, black people must not allow themselves to be hurt by staying angry and revengeful.
This would be a serious setback to the journey they’ve made towards self-healing in the last 25 years.
When black people forgave white people, it was not because they were not aware of what happened in the past. It was done for black people themselves. Forgiveness was a gesture of self-healing and taking responsibility for controlling the past.
Those who want to control the future must control the past. They must retain power to define and interpret what happened in the past.
Forgiveness should have released black people from being victims and prisoners of negative emotions. It should have freed blacks from pain and anguish.
When blacks are bitter, angry and feeling revengeful in the name of seeking justice and redress, it is not whites who hurt. Instead, black people are hurting themselves. The victims and prisoners of this desire for justice, whatever that means, are black people.
When whites waged battle against indigenous people to take over the land and control its resources, they thought they would stop black people from self-determination and freedom. They believed black people would never assume leadership to determine the destiny of this country.
But today we know that whites were fooling themselves. Apartheid and white supremacy were failed projects from inception.
Black people, whether they realise it or not, control the destiny of this country. They have the power to decide to drag it back into the past or move it forward.
No one epitomises the spirit of forgiveness better than the late first president Mandela who was imprisoned for almost 30 years. This is one man could have been bitter, angry and full of vengeful thoughts.
But he did not let that injustice steal his destiny. He befriended the lowest white apartheid apparatchiks, learned the oppressor’s language, redefined himself, refocused his vision for nation building to move South Africa forward and thus claim his rewards.
There is no telling where this country would have been if he was bitter, angry and filled with revenge in his heart. There are many others who were not as lucky as Mandela to see freedom. They were brutally murdered. There are others who are buried in unmarked graves and some whose families do not know where they’re buried.
But black people cannot allow this brutality to take control of their thinking and feelings, now. They have overcome the enemy – which was a system designed to dehumanise them. Today, the destiny of black people is too great for them to cling onto bitterness, anger and revenge in the name of justice. The world is looking at black people to give it a human face.
Another living example of this spirit of forgiveness is Reverend Frank Chikane whose clothes were laced with poison. Like Mandela, Chikane allowed apartheid police chief Adriaan Vlok to wash his feet, forgave him and moved forward with him to build a new society.
As Martin Luther King Jr preached, “Either we live together as brothers or perish together as fools”.
Forgiveness is not about forgetting where we come from and the hurt and humiliation black people were subjected to under apartheid. It is not about being nice to De Klerk and giving him awards. It is about black people letting go so they can channel their energies and time to nation building and social cohesion, to leave a better world with a human face for posterity.
There are valid reasons to be bitter, angry and full of revenge. But it was not black people’s fault that white people were marauding thugs who went around the world turning others into slaves. The colonial project was approved by white kings and leaders in Europe. Blacks had no control over that.
What was done to them as a result was wrong. Forgiveness does not mean that white history will be glorified or ignored. It will be captured to show the levels that man can descend to. What happened can neither be forgotten nor excused.
Black people have every right to nurse their pain to heal themselves. But they have to learn to let go to focus on the future they suffered for.
The people of Mandela have a destiny to fulfil. They cannot falter now. The journey of healing themselves and those who hurt them must continue.
That is what Mandela would expect of black people.
|
<urn:uuid:a4b47599-6e6d-4841-aab6-893becc9cc91>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://thoughtleader.co.za/sandilememela/2016/02/19/black-anger-management/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717954.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00509-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.977915
| 1,407
| 2.6875
| 3
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You’ve heard the term “smart card” before. If you check the Wind River blog often, you’ve certainly read about them. There’s been talk here and there in the news about smart cards, and they’re starting to become more common in all sorts of places. In fact, you might have one with you and not even realize it.
What are they, exactly? “Smart card” is a general term referring to any card that has a microchip inside it. These microchips are very small (no more than a few millimeters across) and are used to store and process data. The data on a smart card can have all kinds of uses. They’re already in use around the US as smart phone SIM cards, student ID cards, employee security cards, and patient records cards in hospitals. They can store more information than a magnetic stripe card, and they can be encrypted to keep that information safe.
Plastic cards with embedded microchips may sound cutting edge, but they’re really nothing new. They’ve been used in France for telephone cards since the 1980’s, and most of Europe switched to smart debit and credit cards 15 years ago. The European payment industry adopted a standard called EMV (named after Europay, MasterCard and Visa) for their smart cards, and countries around the world are now issuing and accepting credit cards based on that standard. All told, there are more than 1.2 billion EMV smart cards in circulation. In the next few years, Visa and MasterCard want to add US credit cards to that number.
At checkout counters across the US, people pay by swiping their card’s magnetic stripe through a reader and then signing a pad or typing a PIN. The credit card terminal sends that data to a bank for authorization and the transaction is finished. This definitely gets the job done, but there is a lot of potential for fraud. Magnetic stripes can be secretly copied and “written” onto duplicate cards by criminals, and stolen cards can be used by faking the owner’s signature. These types of fraud were a serious problem in Europe before the introduction of EMV smart cards.
EMV cards are cost prohibitive to duplicate and store an encrypted PIN that must be entered when the card is used. It’s also much harder for scammers to get a card number off of the chip through a compromised card reader or skimming device. Some EMV cards still have magnetic stripes and the vulnerabilities that come with them, but all in all EMV makes life much harder for fraudsters.
Some issuers in the US are already sending a limited number of EMV smart cards to their customers. These cards are usually reserved for frequent travelers, but Visa and MasterCard are pushing for a more general rollout in the next few years.
This post only covers the very basics of smart cards and a little information about EMV. There’s a lot more to smart cards than we can cover in one post. If you have any questions, let us know in the comments and we’ll do our best to shed some light on the subject.
In the meantime, keep an eye out for credit cards with those tell-tale gold or silver contacts on the left side. Smarter cards are on their way.
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List and briefly explain three forms of business ownership.
Answer to relevant QuestionsHow does a limited partnership differ from a general partnership? Barry McGuire wants to purchase a dry-cleaning establishment. Barry has heard of the SWOT analysis and wants to use this methodology to determine whether he should purchase the business. He found the following information: ...What is the primary difference between the income statement of a sole proprietorship or partnership and the income statement of a corporation? If a company finds that its fixed asset turnover (net sales/fixed assets) has fallen to less than 1, what does this indicate? List and briefly describe the five categories of business ratios.
Post your question
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The program is developed at the national level with the VRI teams in France but also internationally with, among others, the Baylor Institute for Immunology Research (BIIR, USA, Dr Gerard Zurawski), historical partner of the VRI, with Duke University (USA, Prof Barton Haynes), with CHUV (Switzerland, Prof Giuseppe Pantaleo) and through the coordination by the VRI of the European consortium H2020 EHVA (European HIV Vaccine Alliance) on HIV vaccines.
Thanks to the VRI structuration of the field since 2011, the VRI program concentrates along three axes:
These three areas of research are carried out by the 7 divisions of the VRI – basic research, DC-based vaccines, preclinical models, clinical development, immunological monitoring, virological evaluation, and data science. The divisions evolve to align with specific scientific program needs and technological and scientific innovations of the sector.
VRI’s scientific strategic plan is organized in 6 integrated research programs and structured around common scientific, logistic and administrative cores to conduct researches aimed at developing an effective vaccine against HIV/AIDS, HCV and emerging infectious diseases.
The main objective is the production of vaccine candidates targeting dendritic cells (DC), which play a key role in the induction and regulation of specific immunity. The targeting of dendritic cells is carried out using monoclonal antibodies directed against receptors expressed on the surface of DCs, and coupled to an antigen. This type of vaccine can induce humoral responses (antibodies) and / or T cell responses, and thus be used for preventive or therapeutic settings vaccination.
DC vaccines, viral vectors
Presentation of the antigen
Impact of vaccines on antigen presenting cells
In vivo selection of vaccines
In vivo immunogenicity
Protective immune correlates
Mucosal and cellular responses B
The whole program is based on the integration of a translational research approach from basic science towards clinic
The development of new vaccin
In order to develop and extend the range of available vaccine candidates for HIV and (re)-emerging infectious diseases, based on various technologies such as the use of lipopeptides, DNA vaccines, vaccines using Recombinant viral vectors, the VRI has developed innovative vaccines targeting dendritic cells (DC), with two types of vaccine candidates: (i) the construction of fusion proteins associating monoclonal antibodies targeting dendritic cells and coupled with HIV proteins (T epitopes and envelope proteins), (ii) as well as the generation of ex-vivo DCs loaded with HIV lipopeptide epitopes (development in phase I / II).
Preclinical evaluation and selection of the best vaccine candidates targeting DC. production in accordance with good manufacturing practice (cGMP) and the release of the first clinical batches of this HIV DC-targeting vaccine in 2019 constitutes a major progress in the VRI's vaccine program. A clinical trial with this new vaccine will be carried out in 2020.
The development of innovative platforms
To better characterize the in vivo responses of our portfolio of vaccine candidates, preclinical animal models , cutting-edge equipment and technologies for immuno and viromonitorinng integrated analyzes of multiparametric mass spectrometry or CyTOF, next generation in vivo imaging and sequencing have been implemented at the VRI . The integrated analysis of large-scale data generated during preclinical studies and systematically performed clinical trials is performed in a system vaccinology strategy and aims to identify the correlates of protection or the control of viral replication and allow the development of new models of vaccine strategies. Our long-term goal, in addition to developing vaccines in phase IIb clinical trials, is to model the mechanisms of the vaccine response to optimize resources and accelerate the clinical development of vaccine candidates. These tools will be decisive for the evaluation of other vaccines in (re)-emerging infectious outbreaks or experimental treatments for therapeutic purposes.
The VRI is developing two types of clinical trials for vaccines against HIV and (re)-emerging infectious diseases : clinical trials aimed at developing a preventive vaccine, involving healthy volunteers, and trials of therapeutic vaccines, conducted for example in the case of HIV on people living with HIV.
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Ossining, Rye, Mount Kisco Elementary and IBM among winners:
ASTORINO ANNOUNCES COUNTY’S 2012 WASTE REDUCTION AND RECYCLING AWARDS
Recognizing municipalities, schools, businesses and civic organizations for outstanding work
Just in time for Earth Day, County Executive Robert P. Astorino announced today the winners of the county’s annual awards for outstanding programs to promote waste reduction and recycling. Astorino will formally present the awards during Earth Day festivities on Sunday, April 22 at Kensico Plaza at 1 p.m.
The winners, in various categories that include governments, schools, businesses and civic organizations are: the City of Rye, the Town/Village of Harrison and the Town of Ossining; the Town of Bedford and its 2020 Waste and Recycling Committee; the City of White Plains and its Eco Neighbors; the Village of Irvington, its Green Policy Task Force and the Greenburgh Nature Center; the Village of Hastings-on-Hudson and its Conservation Commission; the Mount Kisco Elementary School, Eastchester Anne Hutchinson Elementary School, and IBM.
In addition, three Yonkers elementary school students won the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation’s 2012 Recycling Poster Contest.
“Recycling is a way of life in Westchester, where we recycle 52 percent of our waste, well ahead of the national average of 35 percent,” said Astorino. “This is impressive. Reducing the waste we create is another important thing we all can do to protect the environment. Some of our communities, schools and organizations are leading the way, and that’s why we are recognizing them.”
As with recycling, this is not only good for the environment but good for taxpayers.
• The 76,000 tons that the county recycled in 2011 brought in more than $7.4 million in revenues. Beyond that, the county saved $85 for every ton of waste it didn’t have to collect and dispose of.
• In 2011 each person in the county generated an average of 3.8 pounds of non-recyclable garbage per day. If everyone in the county could reduce the amount of trash they throw out each day by just one pound, it would save taxpayers over $14.5 million dollars per year.
Recyclables collected curbside – including newspapers, office paper, cardboard, glass, plastic and metal food and beverage containers – get sorted and baled at the county’s Material Recovery Facility in Yonkers (the “MRF”). Chemicals, hazardous wastes, tires, e-waste, etc. are collected at the county’s new Household Material Recovery Facility (“H-MRF”) in Valhalla.
WINNERS OF THE 2012 RECYCLING AWARDS
Top Municipal Recyclers
City of Rye, Town/Village of Harrison and the Town of Ossining, for having the highest recycling rates in 2011
These municipalities outpaced all other communities in their total collection of curbside recyclables (which includes paper products, plastic, glass and metal containers; electronic waste, and bulk metals. Rye City led the county with a 32 percent rate on curbside recycling. This was followed by Ossining Town with a 38 percent and Harrison with a 36 percent curbside recycling rate. (These percentages do not include yard waste or construction and demolition debris.)
Partnerships of Municipalities and Local Conservation Groups
• City of White Plains’ Take It or Leave It Shed, White Plains Department of Public Works and Eco Neighbors
Developed by the White Plains Department of Public Works at the Gedney Recycling Yard in the winter/spring of 2011 in conjunction with the “Eco Neighbors” plan (a local environmental group), the Take It or Leave It (TILI) program is a way for residents to give away usable items to their neighbors. DPW constructed a shed out of reused materials and Eco Neighbors provided artwork. Open two days a week and staffed by volunteers, TILI is credited with removing large quantities of furniture, toys, sporting goods, and various household items from the waste stream, while providing residents with reusable items free-of-charge.
• Love ‘Em & Leave ‘Em Program of the Village of Irvington and the Greenburgh Nature Center
This program promotes leaving leaves and grass clippings in place as mulch that will turn into soil. It originated with Irvington’s Green Policy Task Force and was supported by the Village of Irvington in 2010, which teamed up with the Greenburgh Nature Center to promote the program throughout Westchester. Currently over half of Westchester’s 43 municipalities are either endorsing or looking into implementing this lawn maintenance practice on municipal properties, as well as promoting the program to local landscapers, schools, businesses, and individual homeowners. It has proven to be a cost and time saving approach to managing yard waste, while also improving the soil’s ability to hold water, germinate seeds and support plant growth and health.
• Town of Bedford with its Bedford 2020 Waste & Recycling Committee
Bedford was the first municipality after Irvington to launch its own local leaf mulching campaign, called Leave Leaves Alone. Leave Leaves Alone is leading the way in northern Westchester and training landscapers to adopt mulching in place practices. In 2011, 40 landscapers went through trainings organized by Leave Leaves Alone.
• Village of Hastings-on-Hudson and the Hastings Conservation Commission
The village Conservation Commission has also strongly supported and promoted the Love ‘Em & Leave ‘Em program for several years, and experienced a 51 percent reduction in curbside collected yard waste in 2011, compared to 2010. This is most significant considering the major storm and hurricane clean-ups all municipalities had to deal with last fall.
Schools, Students & Teachers : For exceptional leadership, initiative and voluntary work to promote recycling and environmental conservation efforts within their schools
• Mount Kisco Elementary School Community Garden
More than 600 students, teachers, school administrators, parents, local officials and representatives of local non-profits collaborated in 2011 to develop a school garden on the site of an abandoned tennis court. The garden and its positive impact on the school’s curriculum continue to evolve in 2012.
• Eastchester Anne Hutchinson Elementary School Cafeteria Recycling/Composting Program
Fifth-graders and teacher Dave O’Neill at Anne Hutchinson Elementary are significantly reducing trash at the school cafeteria through aggressive recycling/composting in conjunction with a school garden.
• Westchester Winners of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Recycling 2012 Poster Contest (selected from 800 entries)
Grades K – 3: Emalie Malandro (1st Grade), Padeia School 15, Yonkers
Grades 4 – 6: Jeffrey Fukushima (6th Grade), Padeia School 15, Yonkers
Grades 7 – 9: Andy Mrose, (8th Grade), Padeia School 15, Yonkers
Business Green Initiatives
In 2011, Newsweek magazine recognized Armonk-based IBM as the “Greenest Company in America.” The ranking system focused on each company’s environmental footprint, environmental management processes, and the company’s disclosure and reporting practices. For more than 40 years, IBM has pursued strong environmental management policies and practices that are intended to protect and enhance the environment. IBM maintains a number of facilities in Westchester County, which operate under a unified Environmental Management System that is certified against the globally recognized ISO 14001 Environmental Management System Standard. The IBM EMS includes, but is not limited to, programs addressing: air emissions, water discharges, soil and groundwater protection, chemical management, recycling and waste management, and energy conservation. The IBM Westchester locations also subscribe to a number of voluntary initiatives, such as, the creation of a Certified Wildlife Habitat on the Armonk campus and the promotion of employee commuting alternatives that will reduce vehicle air emissions.
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Ambika Gail Rutherford's book, "Sea Changes", is available at The Bookmark and Indigo, Charlottetown, as well as in seasonal gift shops this summer.
New colouring books on sale from Island artists Renée Laprise, Ambika Gail Rutherford, Nadine Staaf
When Anne Putnam went to Mexico for the first time to teach, she found herself in a difficult situation.
“I thought that I was going to teach English as a Second Language (ESL) to high school kids,” says the Charlottetown resident, recalling her trip to the southern country in 2013.
Shortly after arriving, Putnam learned that she had been placed to teach Grade 3 and 4 English curricula in a private school.
“I’m not an elementary school teacher. It’s not what I’m trained to do,” says the adult ESL teacher, who took on the huge challenge.
The weight of responsibility grew even heavier when two students in her classes became unruly.
“They drove me crazy. Because it was a private school, I wasn’t allowed to discipline them.”
Living in Mexico, during the hottest months of the year, there was no place to escape the stress or the heat.
“On top of everything I got prickly heat rash.”
Then one day a teacher at the school showed her some mandalas, beautifully designed pen and ink drawings, she was giving students to colour to calm them down in her class. Soon students were bringing their colouring books to school so Putnam could see their work. They also photocopied pages for her.
Looking for respite from her misery, Putnam decided to try them.
“By the end of each day my shoulders were up around my ears from the stress. So, each night, when I got home I would turn on the fan in the apartment and I’d colour until my shoulders came back down.”
Surprisingly the exercise had positive results.
“Colouring really, really calmed me down. It really worked.”
Putnam is one of the many people discovering the joys of colouring.
Renée Laprise also finds great comfort in getting out pencil crayons and colouring between the lines.
“Colouring for adults is like knitting, where you get to do something creative but you don’t have to think too hard about it. It’s very calming. Then, when you’re finished you step away from it and you have this beautiful piece which gives you a sense of accomplishment,” says the P.E.I. artist and filmmaker.
In fact, Laprise enjoys colouring so much she has created “Natural Prince Edward Island”, a colouring book of her own.
Filled with the flora and fauna of Canada’s smallest province, it’s designed so that when the 16 pages are placed together, they become a giant poster.
“After designing it, I sat down and coloured it.”
Ambika Gail Rutherford is one of the latest P.E.I. artists to design and publish her own colouring book. Entitled “Sea Changes” it’s filled with seaside images from the Maritimes and Ibiza, a Spanish island in the Mediterranean.
Colouring really, really calmed me down. It really worked. Anne Putnam
Rutherford decided to create her own after seeing a colouring book that another person had done and realized she could do the same with her own pen and ink drawings.
“I’ve always loved to draw and I’ve always done ink and colourwash drawings so it was only natural that I take another step. I’m having fun with it,” says Rutherford, with a bright smile.
These artists are following in the footsteps of Nadine Staaf of Meadow Bank who published her first adult colouring book series, “Feel Good Colouring” in July 2014.
Reaction to her work has been positive.
“The people on Prince Edward Island have been very supportive and have genuinely wanted to help me get the word out about my books,” Staaf says.
With more people knowing about her books, she’s had several requests from people asking her to create colouring books for their businesses/charities. Although not able to take on all the projects, she’s currently working on a colouring book which will be ready this summer.
“It’s a nice feeling.”
Getting in touch
- Ambika Gail Rutherford’s book, “Sea Changes”, is available at The Bookmark and Indigo, Charlottetown, as well as in seasonal gift shops this summer.
- Nadine Staaf’s “Feel Good Colouring” book is available at The Bookmark and Indigo in Charlottetown. It’s also at Amazon for online shoppers.
- Renée Laprise’s colouring book, “Natural Prince Edward Island”, is available through her website http://www.lovelywitches.com
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The museum is tiny but well designed and professional done. You don't need a lot of time to see it but it is fun. My husband sent them donations for years afterward so they can keep up their good work.
You will be amazed at the size, breadth and quality of exhibits at this museum. Homer has a population of about 5000 and supports this great museum. Exhibits are wide ranging, centering on the natural history of the Southern Kenai Peninsula. The "Gull Cam" is a favorite of mine, a live feed camera situated on Gull Island, a seabird rookery... 更多
Don't miss this if you go to Homer, Alaska. You will learn a lot about the pioneers to this area, native culture, and the environment. I have been to much larger museums offering much less.
This is a GREAT museum for all ages. Skeletons of mammals of Kachemak Bay, incredible hollowed Apple Tree doll house. Spent several wonderful hours enjoying - even visited the original homestead on the property.
We did not know what to expect and came away very impressed. Their displays and the accompanying information were outstanding! This place is a real gem and not to be missed while in Homer. They even have a cabin as an exhibit on the property and we greatly enjoyed visiting with the volunteer there.
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Sterling silver is a very popular product in the jewellery industry. Earrings, bracelets, necklaces, and rings are regularly made out of this eye-catching and highly reflective alloy. There is, however, a downside to sterling silver. When it is exposed to chlorine, a product that is part and parcel of our everyday lives, sterling silver can be severely damaged. Sometimes, that damage can be beyond repair.
Other People Are Reading
An attractive alloy
Sterling silver is an alloy. This means it is made up of two or more elements. Generally, sterling silver is comprised of 92.5 percent silver and 7.5 percent copper. Sometimes, however, platinum or zinc are used in place of copper. The advantage that sterling silver has over regular silver is that it is much stronger and far more durable. Thus, when it comes to jewellery, which can sustain knocks and bumps on a regular basis, sterling silver-based items are likely to last longer than standard silver products.
Purification and pools
Chlorine is a chemical element that plays an integral role in the purification of water, whether for drinking or bathing. It is also a major component of various forms of disinfectant, bleach and dish-washing liquids. Public swimming pools typically contain chlorine, too. It is highly effective at killing the kinds of bacteria and germs that can thrive in such locations.
Chlorine causes problems
Chlorine can cause severe damage to items made from sterling silver. Whenever possible, steps should be taken to make sure that sterling silver-based products are kept away from any and all liquids containing chlorine. The primary damage is in the form of discolouration. This is caused by a reaction between the chlorine and the 7.5 percent copper component of sterling silver. The chlorine causes the copper to turn a black or brown colour. Chlorine can also cause pitting and cracking to occur in sterling silver-based products.
A number of powerful, over-the-counter jewellery cleaning products can be purchased and utilised to combat the effects of chlorine. Unfortunately, if exposure to chlorine has been extensive, the damage may be beyond repair. It is, therefore, wise to use commonsense to ensure that sterling silver items are not affected in the first place. Avoid wearing jewellery while taking a bath or showering. Don't wash dishes while wearing sterling silver-based jewellery. Never swim in a public swimming pool while wearing sterling silver.
- 20 of the funniest online reviews ever
- 14 Biggest lies people tell in online dating sites
- Hilarious things Google thinks you're trying to search for
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This package provides tools to create emissions (with a focus on vehicular emissions) for use in numeric air quality models such as WRF-Chem.
The following steps are required for installation on Ubuntu:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntugis/ubuntugis-unstable --yes sudo apt-get --yes --force-yes update -qq # netcdf dependencies: sudo apt-get install --yes libnetcdf-dev netcdf-bin # units/udunits2 dependency: sudo apt-get install --yes libudunits2-dev # sf dependencies (without libudunits2-dev): sudo apt-get install --yes libgdal-dev libgeos-dev libproj-dev
The following steps are required for installation on Fedora:
sudo dnf update # netcdf dependencies: sudo yum install netcdf-devel # units/udunits2 dependency: sudo yum install udunits2-devel # sf dependencies (without libudunits2-dev): sudo yum install gdal-devel proj-devel proj-epsg proj-nad geos-devel
No additional steps for windows installation.
First create a new environment called rspatial (or a better name):
conda create -n rspatial -y conda activate rspatial
and to install some requisites:
conda install -c conda-forge r-sf -y conda install -c conda-forge r-rgdal -y conda install -c conda-forge r-lwgeom -y conda install -c conda-forge r-raster -y
To install the CRAN version (0.665.5.2):
To install the development version (0.665.5.3) using remotes:
or to install the development version (0.665.5.3) using devtools:
EmissV can be used to process emissions of atmospheric pollutants and green house gases from inventories such as EDGAR, RCP, GAINS and other datasets in NetCDF format, the GEIA-ACCENT and ECCAD emission data portal makes available some of these inventories. You can verify the supported format with:
To generate a simple emission it’s a straightforward process in 4 steps:
library(EmissV) ### 1. download the EDGAR Netcdf using the function get_edgar from the eixport R-package ### or from the http://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/EDGAR/datasets/v50_AP/ ### EDGAR 5.0 website and unzip inside a temporary directory # create the temporary directory to download the data dir.create(file.path(tempdir(), "EDGAR")) # download the total emissions of NOx from EDGAR v50_AP for 2015 eixport::get_edgar(dataset = "v50_AP", pol = 'NOx', sector = "TOTALS", year = 2015, type = 'nc', ask = FALSE, copyright = FALSE, destpath = file.path(tempdir(), "EDGAR")) # unzip the file unzip(zipfile = paste0(file.path(tempdir(), "EDGAR"),'/v50_NOx_2015.0.1x0.1.zip'), exdir = paste0(file.path(tempdir(), "EDGAR"))) ### 2. read the emissions (using the spec argument to split NOx into NO and NO2) NOx <- read(paste0(file.path(tempdir(), "EDGAR"),'/v50_NOx_2015.0.1x0.1.nc'), version = 'EDGAR', spec = c(E_NO = 0.9 , # optional, 90% of NOx used to NO E_NO2 = 0.1 )) # optional, 10% of NOx uset to NO2 ### 3. get the information from a WRF grid from a initial conditions file (wrfinput) g <- gridInfo(paste(system.file("extdata", package = "EmissV"),"/wrfinput_d01",sep="")) ### 4. calculate the emissions for grid g NO <- emission(grid = g, inventory = NOx$E_NO, pol = "NO", mm = 30.01, plot = T) NO2 <- emission(grid = g, inventory = NOx$E_NO2,pol = "NO2",mm = 46.0055, plot = T)
The next step is to save the emission in a emission file, the next example show how to save emissions using the eixport R-package:
library(eixport) ### create a temporary folder for emissions dir.create(file.path(tempdir(), "EMISSION")) ### create the emision file wrf_create(wrfinput_dir = system.file("extdata", package = "EmissV"), wrfchemi_dir = file.path(tempdir(), "EMISSION"), domains = 1) ### get the file path of the emission file emis_file <- list.files(path = file.path(tempdir(), "EMISSION"), pattern = "wrfchemi_d01", full.names = TRUE) ### save the emission wrf_put(NO, file = emis_file, name = "E_NO", verbose = TRUE) wrf_put(NO2, file = emis_file, name = "E_NO2", verbose = TRUE)
NOTE: The emission file must be compatible with the WRF-Chem options (many arguments are the same as the namelist.input from WRF) check the eixport R-Package documentation and the WRF-Chem manual for more information.
Other R-packages are available to write netcdf such as ncdf4, RNetCDF, tidync are available on CRAN. Other languages such as NCL leanguage and the Python package wrf-python, and preprocessor anthro_emiss are aternative to write NetCDF files.
In EmissV the vehicular emissions are estimated by a top-down approach, i.e. the emissions are calculated using the statistical description of the fleet at avaliable level (National, Estadual, City, etc).The following steps show an example workflow for calculating vehicular emissions, these emissions are initially temporally and spatially disaggregated, and then distributed spatially and temporally.
I. Total: emission of pollutants is estimated from the fleet, use and emission factors and for the interest area (cities, states, countries, etc).
library(EmissV) fleet <- vehicles(example = T) # using a example of vehicles (DETRAN 2016 data and SP vahicle distribution): # Category Type Fuel Use SP ... # Light Duty Vehicles Gasohol LDV_E25 LDV E25 41 km/d 11624342 ... # Light Duty Vehicles Ethanol LDV_E100 LDV E100 41 km/d 874627 ... # Light Duty Vehicles Flex LDV_F LDV FLEX 41 km/d 9845022 ... # Diesel Trucks TRUCKS_B5 TRUCKS B5 110 km/d 710634 ... # Diesel Urban Busses CBUS_B5 BUS B5 165 km/d 792630 ... # Diesel Intercity Busses MBUS_B5 BUS B5 165 km/d 21865 ... # Gasohol Motorcycles MOTO_E25 MOTO E25 140 km/d 3227921 ... # Flex Motorcycles MOTO_F MOTO FLEX 140 km/d 235056 ... fleet <- fleet[,c(-6,-8,-9)] # dropping RJ, PR and SC EF <- emissionFactor(example = T) # using a example emission factor (values calculated from CETESB 2015): # CO PM # Light duty Vehicles Gasohol 1.75 g/km 0.0013 g/km # Light Duty Vehicles Ethanol 10.04 g/km 0.0000 g/km # Light Duty Vehicles Flex 0.39 g/km 0.0010 g/km # Diesel trucks 0.45 g/km 0.0612 g/km # Diesel urban busses 0.77 g/km 0.1052 g/km # Diesel intercity busses 1.48 g/km 0.1693 g/km # Gasohol motorcycles 1.61 g/km 0.0000 g/km # Flex motorcycles 0.75 g/km 0.0000 g/km TOTAL <- totalEmission(fleet,EF,pol = c("CO"),verbose = T) # Total of CO : 1128297.0993334 t year-1
II. Spatial distribution: The package has functions to read information from tables, georeferenced images (tiff), shapefiles (sh), OpenStreet maps (osm), global inventories in NetCDF format (nc) to calculate point, line and area sources.
raster <- raster::raster(paste(system.file("extdata", package = "EmissV"), "/dmsp.tiff",sep="")) grid <- gridInfo(paste(system.file("extdata", package = "EmissV"), "/wrfinput_d02",sep="")) # Grid information from: .../EmissV/extdata/wrfinput_d02 shape <- raster::shapefile(paste(system.file("extdata", package = "EmissV"), "/BR.shp",sep=""),verbose = F)[12,1] Minas_Gerais <- areaSource(shape,raster,grid,name = "Minas Gerais") # processing Minas Gerais area ... # fraction of Minas Gerais area inside the domain = 0.0145921494236101 shape <- raster::shapefile(paste(system.file("extdata", package = "EmissV"), "/BR.shp",sep=""),verbose = F)[22,1] Sao_Paulo <- areaSource(shape,raster,grid,name = "Sao Paulo") # processing Sao Paulo area ... # fraction of Sao Paulo area inside the domain = 0.474658563750987 sp::spplot(raster::merge(drop_units(TOTAL$CO[]) * Sao_Paulo, drop_units(TOTAL$CO[]) * Minas_Gerais), scales = list(draw=TRUE),ylab="Lat",xlab="Lon", main=list(label="Emissions of CO [g/d]"), col.regions = c("#031638","#001E48","#002756","#003062", "#003A6E","#004579","#005084","#005C8E", "#006897","#0074A1","#0081AA","#008FB3", "#009EBD","#00AFC8","#00C2D6","#00E3F0"))
III. Emission calculation: calculate the final emission from all different sources and converts to model units and resolution.
IV. Temporal distribution: the package has a set of hourly profiles that represent the mean activity for each day of the week calculated from traffic counts of toll stations located in São Paulo city.
The package has additional functions for read netcdf data, create line and point sources (with plume rise) and to estimate the total emissions of of volatile organic compounds from exhaust (through the exhaust pipe), liquid (carter and evaporative) and vapor (fuel transfer operations).
Bug reports, suggestions, and code contributions are all welcome. Please see CONTRIBUTING.md for details. Note that this project adopt the Contributor Code of Conduct and by participating in this project you agree to abide by its terms.
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<urn:uuid:57a2bd3b-eeae-4dc4-a723-44d7dbbbe2c8>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://atmoschem.github.io/EmissV/index.html
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September 27, 2009
Erie County Plant Never Before Recorded In Pa
Dwarf scouring rush found in rare wetland on Mercyhurst College land
Western Pennsylvania Conservancy (WPC) scientists have discovered a plant in Erie County that has never been recorded in Pennsylvania.The plant, dwarf scouring rush, was identified with the aid of a Mercyhurst College professor on the college's Mercyhurst West property in Girard.
Dwarf scouring rush is known to exist in northern U.S. states and in Canada, but the plant had not been identified in Pennsylvania until this discovery. WPC scientists found a small population of this low, wiry plant within a fen, a rare type of wetland, on the college property.
Specimens will be stored at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh, the Tom Ridge Environmental Center at Presque Isle State Park and the Cleveland Museum of Natural History.
"This discovery of the dwarf scouring rush in Pennsylvania demonstrates that our natural areas still can yield surprises, even in the twenty-first century," said Shaun Fenlon, WPC's vice president of conservation programs. "Erie County is home to many unique ecosystems, such as the fen that sustains this unusual plant. In addition to making this discovery, we also identified six plant species that are classified as rare, threatened or endangered at this location."
WPC Ecologists Christopher Tracey and Peter Woods identified the dwarf scouring rush after being led to the site by Mercyhurst Professor of Biology John J. Michael Campbell. Tracey and Woods were conducting field research for the Erie County Natural Heritage Inventory, an extensive catalogue of plants, animals and ecosystems, when they made the discovery.
"Finding this species and its associated habitat on land owned by the college is exciting, since it adds a whole new dimension to the educational potential of the property," said Campbell.
Members of the Horsetail family, scouring rushes are so named because the high silica content of these plants once made them useful for scrubbing pots. As "fern allies," they are closely related to the ancient fern family and reproduces through spores. The scientific name of the dwarf scouring rush is Equisetum scirpoides.
"This find highlights one of the important functions of our work, to collect information about the natural world in Pennsylvania," said Tracey.
On the Net:
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http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1760133/erie_county_plant_never_before_recorded_in_pa/
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t(n) = number of positive divisors of n
For n => 1, prove that t(n) <= 2sqrt(n)
Hint: If d | n, then one of d or n/d is less than or equal to sqrt(n).
I do not know where to start with this problem. This is a homework question so I just need some assistance getting started with this problem. Also, I'm not sure how to use the hint in this problem. Thanks for your help.
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<urn:uuid:fb2d8fbf-fd45-4521-a87d-8b27740ed9ad>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://mathhelpforum.com/number-theory/190329-number-theoretic-function-t-n-tao-proof.html
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News that California has already had 15 cases of measles this year has public health officials on alert, particularly because of the growing number of parents opting not to vaccinate their children. Last year at this time there were only two cases.
Health officials have determined that at least seven of the 15 measles victims were intentionally not vaccinated. That has stoked their concern that if more people choose not to vaccinate, it could lead to a more widespread outbreak of measles or other communicable diseases.
In California, parents who do not want to vaccinate their children can opt out with a Personal Belief Exemption. In Los Angeles County the rate of personal belief exemptions is low, at 1.8 percent, said Robert Kim-Farley, director of the L.A. County Department of Public Health's division of communicable disease control and prevention.
But the rate is rising, albeit slowly. Prior to 2007, it was below 1 percent.
A new law went into effect this year intended to encourage more families to reconsider. Before a parent can opt out, she must visit a doctor to talk about the benefits and risks of vaccines, and the doctor must sign the Personal Belief Exemption form.
Public health officials say the number of people refusing to vaccinate their children is still small enough not to pose a threat of a large-scale outbreak. But they note that the larger that number gets, the more impact it has on what they call herd immunity. With herd immunity, a large enough portion of a community is vaccinated to protect the unvaccinated from an infectious disease, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
In California, about 97 percent of children have had both doses of the measles vaccine by kindergarten, said Kathleen Harriman, a section chief at the state health department’s immunization section.
Despite what officials consider generally good coverage, they do see clusters of non-vaccinated children in certain areas, including Marin County, Santa Cruz, Malibu and at certain private schools.
Nationally, children are supposed to get two doses of measles vaccine before they enter kindergarten. About 91 percent of kids have received at least one dose of the vaccine by the time they are 3 years old, said Harriman.
It was thought that measles had been eradicated in 2000, but it resurfaced in subsequent years. In California, there have been from four to 40 cases a year since, said state epidemiologist Gil Chavez.
Measles is an acute viral infection characterized by fever, cough, runny nose, eye redness and skin rash. About one third of cases develop serious complications, including pneumonia and encephalitis, and it kills one to three out of every 1,000 children who contract it, according to Paul Krogstad, professor of pediatric infectious disease at Mattel Children’s Hospital UCLA.
California's last measles outbreak occurred in 2008 and was concentrated in San Diego. The original carrier was a child who brought the disease back from Switzerland after a family vacation. The child was from a family that chose not to vaccinate. San Diego health officials determined that more than 800 people were exposed; they took steps to prevent its spread, and in the end only a dozen children came down with measles.
Measles is just the latest virus to raise alarms. The flu has claimed more lives this season than in any since the epidemic of 2009-10. Pertussis, or whooping cough, has also surged, claiming the life of an infant in Riverside County last month. Researchers say vaccine refusal did play a role in the 2010 pertussis outbreak in California that claimed 10 lives.
Families that opt out of vaccination for non-religious reasons are often skeptical about the safety of the ingredients in vaccines and their efficacy. Some also choose to delay vaccinating their children in the belief that kids are required to get too many shots before kindergarten.
"These are not life-threatening things; they are normal childhood illnesses," said Terry Roark, who said she joined the anti-vaccination movement after her child was injured by the DPT vaccine in the 1970s. "A healthy child contracting a childhood illness is not going to die from it."
Many of those who choose not to vaccinate their children are convinced that vaccines cause autism. The CDC says research has not found such a link.
The most high-profile research linking vaccines to autism was a 1998 study published in the medical journal The Lancet. After an investigation, Britain's General Medical Council found the study's author, Andrew Wakefield, guilty of serious professional misconduct in his research and banned him from practicing medicine there. The Lancet subsequently retracted the article. A 2011 article in the British Medical Journal declared that Wakefield had doctored his findings.
But the debunking of the Wakefield study has not slowed down the anti-vaccination movement, which frustrates health experts.
"It’s clear to anyone that has been following the issue that there is absolutely no information that supports the theory that vaccinations are harmful to kids," said state epidemiologist Chavez. "The illnesses that used to be the thing of the past continue to make a comeback because we have people who choose not to be vaccinated."
While there are still a relative handful of measles cases in California each year, there were about 39,000 a year before the measles vaccines was introduced in the 1960s.
"We in public health are always concerned about philosophies or behaviors that put the community at risk," said Kim-Farley. "Especially given the fact that we are in such a global society, sometimes in countries where measles is circulating."
Travel to the Philippines is especially worrisome because of a recent measles outbreak there that has resulted in several deaths, said the state health department's Harriman.
Of the 15 cases reported in California three of the individuals had traveled to the Philippines and two had been to India, where measles is prevalent. One was an infant too young for the vaccine. Only two were fully vaccinated and could prove it, Harriman said.
Five of the measles cases were in Los Angeles County, three were in Riverside County, three were in Orange County, and four were in the Bay Area.
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Two big sporting events have been underway this week, the Tour De France and the Women's World Cup football, and they've got me thinking about a couple of different organisational cultures I have encountered. So here's something to ponder; is your organisation more like the Tour De France or World Cup football?
A Tour De France type organisation is structured around the individual who will ultimately deliver the result, most usually, the sales consultant. Just like the Tour, the individual can only succeed with the help of both the peloton (marketing, product and other in field functions) and the support crew (finance, HR, production, IT). Whilst the pressure rests on the shoulders of the lead rider, it is the team members who shape their activities around the performance of the lead rider, varying their pace and protecting their man from competitor activity. Team strategy is devised around the lead rider's performance at every stage and all team members subordinate their individual aspirations of glory to the greater good. History records the individual as the winner, and the individual is in this sense, bigger than the team.
So which is the better type of organisation? Does it depend on the type of business you are in? And when should the individual be bigger than the team? I'd love to hear your thoughts so drop a comment (lycra jokes most welcome).
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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http://bri-williams.blogspot.com/2011/07/tour-de-france-or-world-cup-what-type.html
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The fate of President Bashar Assad will play no part in talks to end the Syrian war, the head of the government's delegation said, leading the U.N. peace envoy to warn that lack of progress on the issue could threaten a fragile cessation of hostilities.
Damascus delegate Bashar Ja'afari said Assad's future had "nothing to do" with the negotiations, which entered their second week on Monday, insisting that counter-terrorism efforts remained the priority for the government.
"The (terms of) reference of our talks do not give any indication whatsoever with regard to the issue of the President of the Syrian Arab Republic," he said when asked about the willingness of the government delegation to engage in serious talks on political transition.
"This is something already excluded."
U.N. envoy Staffan de Mistura - who describes Syria's political transition as "the mother of all issues" - responded by saying the government delegation's refusal to discuss it could lead to a deterioration of the situation on the ground.
"Everyone more or less agrees, the cessation of hostilities is still holding," he said. "The same ... more or less for the movement on humanitarian aid. But neither of them can be sustained if we don't get progress on the political transition."
The fragility of the three-week-old cessation, which was backed by the United States and Russia, was highlighted on Monday when Moscow said it had recorded six violations in the last 24 hours.
The Syrian opposition accused the government delegation of wasting time by refusing to discuss the future of Assad. "It is not possible to wait like this, while the regime delegation wastes time without achieving anything," said Salim al-Muslat, spokesman for the opposition High Negotiations Committee.
Arguments over Assad's fate were a major cause of the failure of previous U.N. peace efforts in 2012 and 2014 to end a civil war that has killed more than 250,000 people and caused a refugee crisis.
The five-year-old conflict between the government and insurgents has also allowed Islamic State to take advantage of the chaos and take control of areas in the east of the country.
Fighters from the jihadist group - which is excluded from the ceasefire deal - killed 26 Syrian soldiers on Monday west of Palmyra, a monitoring group said, after days of advances by government forces backed by Syrian and Russian air cover.
Russian President Vladimir Putin said last week that the Syrian army would soon recapture Palmyra from Islamic State, which has held the desert city for nearly a year.
Palmyra has both symbolic and military value as the site of ancient Roman-era ruins - mostly destroyed by Islamic State - and because of its location on a highway linking mainly government-held western Syria to Islamic State's eastern stronghold.
The Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said the fighting took place about 4 km (2 miles) west of Palmyra.
It was not possible to independently verify the death toll. Syria's state news agency SANA said the army and allied forces, backed by the Syrian air force, carried out "concentrated operations" against Islamic State around Palmyra and the Islamic State-held town of al-Qaryatayn, about 100 km further west.
After more than five months of air strikes in support of Assad, which turned the course of the civil war in the government's favour, Putin announced the withdrawal last week of most Russian forces. But Russian planes have continued to support army operations near Palmyra, according to the Observatory and regional media.
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http://www.ibtimes.com/syrian-govt-refuses-discuss-assads-future-2340684
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Main activities of IRADe
A comprehensive approach to development inherently involves the participation not only of the government, but also of NGOs, Industry, corporations, financial and technical institutions. It is essential that these stakeholders be involved as partners at all stages of the research process. An inclusive research process creates wider consensus and make policy reforms more acceptable. With these ideas Integrated Research and Action for Development (IRADe) is set up as a fully autonomous, non-profit advanced research institute, which aims to do research and policy analysis, train people and be a hub of a network among various stakeholders.
IRADe is an institute that focuses on research and effective action through:
- Multi-disciplinary and multi-stakeholder research for implementable solutions for sustainable development.
- Policy and action research that accounts for the effective governance of techno-economic and socio-cultural issues.
It is a ‘think tank’ that works with ‘action tanks’.
Research Programmes and Activities
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https://irade.org/website/about-irade/
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Elasticsearch and the Discovery Plugin
UPDATE: This article refers to our hosted Elasticsearch offering by an older name, Found. Please note that Found is now known as Elastic Cloud.
The Zen discovery plugin might seem like magic, but replacing it is actually not that hard. Getting down and dirty with Zen might very well pay off in your particular setup.
The purpose and responsibility of the discovery plugin is to provide up to date information about the cluster to an Elasticsearch node. This boils down to the following behaviour:
- On non-master nodes:
- Elect a master, when no known master.
- Receive cluster state from master and update local ClusterService
- On the master:
- Publish changes to the cluster state
- Detect nodes leaving and joining the cluster and update cluster state accordingly.
This is done by providing an implementation of the discovery interface and communicating with the ClusterService. The essential parts of the discovery interface are:
DiscoveryNode localNode(); void publish(ClusterState clusterState);
The localNode-method does not really do any magic beyond what you would expect, it returns the DiscoveryNode representing the local instance of Elasticsearch. The publish-method is where half the fun happens: when the ClusterService on the master node receives an updated state it uses the publish-method to notify other nodes. How and where to publish the ClusterState is not specified, but Elasticsearch relies on all other nodes participating in the cluster to receive the update. Exemplified by the ZenDiscovery, the publish-method first updates internal state with the new cluster state - e.g. which nodes to send heartbeats to - then transmits the cluster state as a message via the transport protocol to all other nodes. Depending on the motivation for replacing the ZenDiscovery one could for instance update a global third party directory with the cluster state instead of transmitting it directly. Bear in mind that it’s important that all nodes have the same view of the cluster; regardless of method used it must be able to transmit the cluster state reliably and efficiently.
The other half of the fun is what the discovery plugin does on its own. As the discovery interface extends LifecycleComponent
- node discovery in the event of becoming the master
- master election in case the master goes offline
- network/node fault detection to ensure other nodes are reachable
We have now briefly discussed what a discovery plugin might do and what is expected of it, or what you can refer to as the what and how. Let’s discuss the why. The short answer to why implement another discovery plugin is that you are not happy with ZenDiscovery. But why are you not happy with it? After all, it’s the one most commonly used discovery plugin. Why do you think that you can make a better plugin than the core developers did? The answer lies in the question. The solution for everybody has to work with any network in any environment. Hence the solution for everybody can only do discovery through multicast or a preconfigured list, it has to handle leader election on its own (which is one of the tough problems in distributed systems), and node failure detection is limited to ping timeouts. In your environment you may have resources that could be utilized to greatly simplify one or more of these challenges. In addition to ZenDiscovery, Elasticsearch is bundled with LocalDiscovery which assumes all nodes run on the same VM and hence does node discovery through a singleton object and avoids the network altogether for cluster state publishing. By installing the cloud-aws plugin you can use EC2Discovery which does node discovery through the EC2 API. And finally there is the sonian-zookeeper-plugin that uses ZooKeeper for node discovery and leader election. At Found, we have done something similar to the sonian plugin to improve leader election and node discovery using ZooKeeper, but it’s currently not publicly available as it’s too tightly integrated with our other infrastructure.
If you are curious about leader election in general and the challenges related to achieving consensus in a distributed system, you should read up on Paxos. That being said, it is usually best not to reinvent the wheel and, depending on the resources available in your environment, you can usually find someone who have already made a good implementation like the curator frameworks leader latch, if you are already using ZooKeeper.
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<urn:uuid:a3948861-2d8a-41ca-be2f-8c5ace9673be>
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https://www.elastic.co/de/blog/found-elasticsearch-and-the-discovery-plugin
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Google it striving to make its software package progress code evaluation method a lot more equitable right after finding that women of all ages, Black+, Latinx+, and Asian+ builders face pushback on code alterations a lot more regularly than White, male engineers. It also uncovered that older developers faced larger odds of pushback than more youthful builders.
Google unveiled information about code assessment pushback in its examine “The Pushback Outcomes of Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Age in Code Critique”, printed in personal computer business journal Communications of the ACM.
The review seemed at the day-to-working day experiences of typically underrepresented engineers in tech.
SEE: Software techniques will get you significantly, but you don’t have to be a coder to make it major in tech
The study discovered that “surplus pushback” expenditures Google additional than 1,000 added engineer several hours every single working day, or around 4% of the estimated time engineers commit on responding to reviewer comments. The charge was borne by non-White and non-male engineers, it located.
“Code assessment is basically a conclusion-building procedure, in which reviewers will have to make your mind up if and when a code adjust is satisfactory thus, code overview is vulnerable to human biases,” pointed out Google researchers Emerson Murphy-Hill, Ciera Jaspan, Carolyn Egelman, and Lan Cheng.
They discovered that women of all ages at Google confronted 21% increased odds of pushback than adult males for the duration of code evaluation. Also, Black+ developers confronted 54% greater odds than White+ developers Latinx+ developers confronted 15% increased odds than White+ builders Asian+ builders faced 42% higher odds than White+ builders and more mature developers faced higher odds of pushback than youthful developers.
Before the study, the authors truly wrongly believed Asian builders would confront less pushback for the reason that of stereotypes, but the study confirmed in any other case. “We hypothesize that these who recognize as Asian will confront far more beneficial evaluations than these who identify as White, mainly because Asians are stereotypically considered as getting better position congruity in engineering fields,” they mentioned.
For context, the scientists defined that at Google code variations need to be reviewed by at minimum just one other engineer. Most reviewers are on the same workforce as the writer. Authors can pick their reviewers or have a person allotted from the code evaluate software, which Google phone calls Critique.
“The code assessment device supplies authors and reviewers with alternatives to master about each other, including their entire names and pictures (a lot more in the supplementary materials),” they spelled out.
To handle these difficulties in code critique, Google has been exploring the efficiency of anonymous code opinions, which it hopes lowers the gaps in pushback confronted by developers from distinct demographic teams.
It examined the strategy very last 12 months by inquiring 300 builders to do their code evaluations with no the author’s title at the major of the report. It did this applying a browser extension that removed the author’s name. Just one probable issue with anonymous code reviews is when the reviewer wants to contact the writer for elaborate conversations.
SEE: Upgrade your occupation: 5 approaches to get that profession raise
All Google code resides in one particular huge repository. When an engineer desires to make a alter to some code, they generate a “changelist”, which is equivalent to pull requests on GitHub that want to be vetted and authorised.
The success from the extension experiment showed that evaluation instances and evaluation excellent appeared consistent with and without the need of anonymous review. They also identified that, for certain types of critique, it was extra complicated for reviewers to guess the code’s creator.
“Via continued experimentation with nameless code critique, we’re hoping to reduce gaps in pushback faced by builders from distinct demographic teams. And via this do the job, we want to encourage other corporations to consider a challenging look at their very own code assessments and to take into consideration adopting anonymous author code evaluate as portion of their approach as well,” said Murphy-Hill.
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<urn:uuid:20ad6317-2ef3-40b0-ac26-20b41d334178>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://toddkendall.net/google-looks-to-reduce-pushback-bias-in-developers-software-code-review.html
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For hundreds of thousands of American workers employed by Seattle-area companies, decisions made on corporate boards here now significantly influence their access to abortion.
After the Supreme Court struck down the constitutional right to abortion, major Seattle employers announced they would provide abortion benefits, including reimbursement for abortion travel, often up to 100 miles from home person and gender-affirming care. Employers said they wanted to make sure their workers could access abortions, regardless of the law.
But their answers differ widely on what those benefits will look like and who will benefit from them.
Several companies declined to clarify whether abortion travel benefits will apply to part-time or contract workers. Starbucks said the benefit, which includes gender-affirming care, will be on the negotiating table with unionized stores. Other large employers in Seattle, which have a strong presence in states where abortion is illegal, have not offered travel allowances to their workers.
Issaquah-based Costco has not publicly announced plans to change its benefits in light of the reversal. He did not respond to requests for comment.
Similarly, Walmart, the largest employer in the United States, has not announced additional benefits. On Friday, a week after the reversal, Walmart chief executive Doug McMillon said the company was taking employee feedback and revising its policies.
“We will share details of our actions as soon as possible, recognizing that time is running out,” McMillion wrote in a memo to staffers on Friday.
Due to federal regulations, all company health insurance benefits must include abortion coverage if the mother’s life is in danger due to the pregnancy.
After the court ruling, major employers are divided on how far these benefits should be extended if the mother’s life is not in danger. Many offered travel compensation if the worker had to travel to access abortion services.
Among them were Microsoft, Amazon, Google, Alaska Airlines, Target and Nordstrom. They did not specify who these benefits apply to or whether there would be additional time off allowed for the trip.
Microsoft and Amazon declined to provide details. Like many companies, Amazon said in May it would offer travel reimbursement to employees who had to travel within 100 miles of their home for an abortion.
By their nature, employee benefits vary from company to company. Now, companies must consider the legal liabilities their new benefits may create, said Michelle Long, senior women’s health policy analyst at the Kaiser Family Foundation, a nonprofit health care research organization. .
“Right now, there are so many more questions than there are answers,” Long said. “What legal implications does this have for the employer and what are the privacy concerns.”
After companies announced the new benefits, employees spoke up. Nearly 2,000 Amazon workers signed an open letter to the company saying the benefits of abortion were not enough.
Microsoft’s Activision Blizzard employees have scheduled a release for July 21, saying they demand a focus on protecting workers “from external threats like the recent reversal of Roe v. Wade, and threats internal such as retaliation and harassment in the workplace,” the union said on Twitter.
While Google broadly offers compensation for abortion travel, it doesn’t include contract workers “who are the backbone of Google’s trillion-dollar empire,” according to the Alphabet Workers Union.
Nordstrom, Target and Alaska Airlines also wouldn’t say whether part-time or contract workers were eligible for abortion travel compensation.
T-Mobile and Starbucks said part-time workers are eligible for abortion travel compensation. Starbucks, however, clarified that its benefit will cover workers who work more than 20 hours per week. Rather than additional leave, the company said workers will have to use existing paid leave. The company also said it would include gender-affirming care as part of its new benefit.
“We were one of the first companies to offer comprehensive health benefits to eligible full-time and part-time partners – more than 30 years ago,” a Starbucks spokesperson said in an email. .
Starbucks added that it could not make any promises of benefit guarantees for unionized stores. He also said he would negotiate in good faith.
Sarah Pappin, who works at a unionized Starbucks store in downtown Seattle, said the new abortion and gender affirmation benefits won’t impact many baristas because the plan to Corporate health care is expensive and only a few can afford it.
Although legal and privacy issues can affect employee benefits, some companies may decide not to offer abortion benefits for ideological reasons, Long said. Other employers may review the legality of the benefits since, in some states, entities such as corporations can be sued for “aiding and abetting” an abortion.
“Some employers need to take the time to meet with their legal team to make sure they’re providing a benefit that they can’t be sued or held criminally responsible for,” Long said.
Boeing has announced sweeping travel health benefits for workers, trailing many of its Seattle peers. Boeing has a strong presence in states where abortion is no longer legal, such as Missouri.
Despite the company’s response to the overturning of Roe v. Wade, Long said there are still considerations employees should make. Among them, access to benefits in a way that does not follow both employers and workers, the presence of abortion clinics in the insurance network to prevent workers from paying out of pocket and the access to franchises since part of this sum must be paid out of pocket. The average deductible is $1,200, she said.
“Thinking about personal expenses is very important,” Long said.
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The next NASA rover to go to Mars has shed its code name and assumed a new one, sourced from the ingenuous youth of our nation. Keeping with the tradition of using virtues as names, the Mars 2020 rover will henceforth be known as “Perseverance.”
This particular virtue was suggested by Alexander Mather, a middle-schooler in Virginia. He and some 28,000 other kids proposed names in an essay contest last year. The final nine contenders were: Endurance, Tenacity, Promise, Vision, Clarity, Ingenuity, Fortitude, Courage and, of course the winner, Perseverance.
The name is perhaps the most apropos, with the possible exception of Endurance, given the track record of Mars rovers vastly outliving their official mission length. Like some kind of scientific Gilligan’s Island, Opportunity famously set out for a 90-day tour of the Martian surface and ended up trundling around for over 14 years before finally losing power for good during a planet-scale sandstorm.
These rovers don’t just keep going effortlessly, of course; the teams must constantly exert their ingenuity to rescue, redirect and reprogram the distant robotic platforms. It was this aspect that seems to have caught the space agency’s eye.
“Like every exploration mission before, our rover is going to face challenges, and it’s going to make amazing discoveries. It’s already surmounted many obstacles to get us to the point where we are today,” said Thomas Zurbuchen, NASA’s associate administrator of the Science Mission Directorate, in a news release. “Alex and his classmates are the Artemis Generation, and they’re going to be taking the next steps into space that lead to Mars. That inspiring work will always require perseverance.”
The kid, Mather, didn’t just do this as some in-class activity mass-emailed by the teacher. He went to space camp in 2018 and had his mind blown by the Saturn V rocket he saw there. Now, having won the naming contest, he’ll get to go with his family to Cape Canaveral to watch the rover launch this summer.
“This was a chance to help the agency that put humans on the Moon and will soon do it again,” Mather said. “This Mars rover will help pave the way for human presence there and I wanted to try and help in any way I could. Refusal of the challenge was not an option.”
In acknowledgement of the other kids who entered the contest, Perseverance will be equipped with a chip inscribed with the 8 semifinalists’ names, as well as 155 more semi-finalists’ proposals — in letters a thousandth the width of a human hair, but still.
We’ll have more coverage of the mission as launch time approaches, but in the meantime you can keep up with the latest at the obligatory and always delightful first-person-rover Twitter account.
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Which? poll says many 'borrowing money for food'
- 5 May 2013
- From the section UK
One in five UK households borrowed money or used savings to cover food costs in April, a Which? survey says.
It suggests the equivalent of five million households used credit cards, overdrafts or savings to buy food.
The consumer group tracks the spending habits and behaviours of 2,000 people every month.
Which? boss Richard Lloyd described the findings as "shocking". The government said tax and benefit changes meant working households were now better off.
The figures come despite official statistics last week showing that personal insolvencies had dropped to their lowest levels in five years.
The Which? monthly tracker involves researchers interviewing a cross-section of the population online. The results can then be filtered by age, income, gender or region.
Of the one in five households borrowing or dipping into savings to pay for food, most were low income families - half of whom earned less than £21,000 a year.
Average household earnings in 2011 were about £37,000, according to the most recently available data from the Office for National Statistics.
Among the group who used savings or credit to pay for food:
- Eight out of 10 (82%) worried about food prices
- More than half (55%) said they were likely to cut back on food spending in the next few months
- Nearly six out of 10 (57%) said they found it difficult to cope on their current income
- A third (32%) borrowed money from friends and family in April
A typical weekly food bill averages about £76, Which? researchers said, up 4% on last year.
Of all the people polled, the research showed:
- A quarter said they were living comfortably on their incomes
- More than a third - 36% - felt their finances were under pressure
- Almost one third - 31% - cut back spending on essentials last month, and were most likely to be women aged between 30 and 49.
'Mixed economic picture'
Mr Lloyd, Which? executive director, said: "Our tracker shows that many households are stretched to their financial breaking point, with rising food prices one of the top worries for squeezed consumers.
"It's simply shocking that so many people need to use savings or credit to pay for essentials like food."
BBC business correspondent Joe Lynam said the economic picture in Britain was decidedly mixed these days.
"It's true that millions are at what Which? describes as 'financial breaking point', yet retail spending is growing, as are house prices, while the number of people in work is at a record high."
He added that average real incomes in Britain had fallen to the same levels as a decade ago because salaries were not rising but the cost of living was.
"The good news is that the economy is recovering, albeit at a glacial pace. The bad news is that it's not happening quickly enough for millions who are genuinely struggling to make ends meet," he said.
A spokesman for Oxfam said millions of people were under pressure from a combination of rising prices and stagnant incomes - with their problems added to by cuts to services and safety nets.
Mary Creagh, Labour's shadow environment secretary, said the UK was facing a "growing epidemic of hidden hunger".
"Families face a cost of living crisis and are being forced into debt or to use their savings simply to put food on the table.
"This incompetent government needs to wake up to the human cost of their failed economic policies and change course now," she added.
A government spokesman said nine out of 10 working households would be better off as a result of last month's changes to the tax and benefit system - with the average working household better off by more than £300 a year.
"The economy is healing: the deficit is down by a third, over 1 million private sector jobs have been created and interest rates remain low," he added.
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Great how-to’s and some fairly spectacular giveaways. Alton Brown is the host of the Food Network’s Good Eats, Iron Chef America, and Cutthroat Kitchen. The website has recipes, ‘how to’s with nice diagrams, movies, podcasts, and tickets to his Eat Your Science shows. Sprouted Kitchen is a series of family recipe ideas and inspiration, the site additionally supplies a food pictures workshop. All issues Food baking with choices to browse by category, season, or ingredient. Delicious-looking recipes and a baking basics collection that covers techniques, instruments, and suggestions. These 5-star recipes showcase the primary tangy flavors of spring, like rhubarb and strawberries, as well as bright hits of citrus and pineapple to put sunshine on your plate.
The poor conductivity of chrome steel is not an issue when it comes to inventory pots since the soup or water will disperse the warmth. As far as I’m concerned, every kitchen should have a pleasant mid-sized chrome steel stock pot for boiling pasta and different foods. Many of the most popular worldwide dishes may be mastered very quickly. Mexican, Italian, and Chinese food all feature a number of vegan meals which might be straightforward to organize.
Its A Time Saver
And whereas we’ll all the time have a delicate spot for fake-flavored popcorn and film-theater candy, generally it’s just simpler, cheaper, and healthier to convey your personal food to the movie show. This is obviously against theater coverage, but we’re all for smuggling in your individual food — so long as you follow these rules. For this 2013 sequence, hotheaded chef Gordon Ramsay, of Fox’s ever-popularHell’s Kitchencooking competition Food & Cooking, simmered down enough to indicate the range-averse the way to make delicious meals for morning, noon and night time. The Brit, fifty three, guides you thru tips on how to style every thing from muesli to shepherd’s pie to a lemon and basil granita. Tinned fish packs massive taste, which is why we at all times—and we mean at all times—keep stacks of canned tuna, jarred anchovies, sardines smoked trout, and the like in our pantries.
Based in Kansa, Kate, the proprietor and creator of this hidden culinary gem, and her equally pretty dog, Cookie, are the Dorothy and Toto duo of delicious vegetarian food. Although some states across the country are easing their coronavirus restrictions, many Americans are nonetheless spending extra time inside and studying new expertise, particularly in the kitchen. Folks are hopping on the bread-baking bandwagon, taking on-line cooking lessons with celebrity cooks and extra. For fans of podcasts, there are additionally reveals that can allow you to hone your cooking abilities, keep up with the most recent restaurant information or learn more in regards to the fascinating history behind your favourite foods. Here are the best food podcasts to take heed to while staying at house and social distancing. Somali-American cook and food entrepreneur Hawa Hassan’s debut cookbook welcomes readers into the kitchens of dozens of bibis—the Swahili time period for “grandmother”—from East Africa.
Secrets And Techniques To Japanese Cooking:Simple Meals & Genuine Flavors!
Today, nonetheless, it’s difficult to imagine a formal dinner that might not embody some dishes categorized as antipasto. In the regional Italian kitchen, antipasti are an necessary factor, not each day, however actually on holidays and particular occasions.
Dont get confused its not biryaani but its masaala bhaat with fried aalu , chatpat home made mango pickle with onion raita .. as i said my inner chef comes out during lockdown #lockdown #food pic.twitter.com/GrBWoT89sK
— jitendra # double mask up india (@Realtykingindia) May 6, 2021
These are the healthy meal prep recipes preserving us fed and excited to eat. The one factor that makes it higher than binge-watching an entire season of that show you heard about on Twitter? There’s truly one thing to indicate for it on the end. Whether you’re in the temper for a deeply comforting moussaka or a mesmerizingly lovely squash and caramelized onion tart, these are the cooking projects to dive into when what you really need is something to do. There are some days that you get on a roll with cooking and have more food than you know what to do with.
Cooking On The Weekends
Our grocery web page features one of the best merchandise and deals on vegan staples out there from Amazon. If you need to substantially enhance your greens consumption, stir-fry them. They’ll cook down to a tenth of their previous volume, which makes it easy to eat big quantities in a comparatively tiny portion. These may be the most nutrient-rich of all meals, and it’s wise to eat some daily. Go for darkish, wealthy colors since that alerts extra vitamins.
And when you thought impartial eating places and smaller chains do any better, think once more. Those eateries pump in even more calories, with an average of 1,327 energy per meal. When you place contemporary components Cooking collectively yourself, or get them shipped straight to your door with a service like Plated, you have total management over what goes in your food. That can make a world of difference to your general health.
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Breaking the cycle of poverty in Guatemala through education
Founded in 2015, Canadian Friends of Cooperative for Education is a registered charity based in North Bay, Ontario with the purpose of advancing education. To carry out our purpose, we partner with US- and Guatemala-based nonprofit Cooperative for Education.
Rural Guatemala has one of the highest rates of poverty, illiteracy, and inequality in the Western Hemisphere. One out of three indigenous adults cannot read or write. The majority of indigenous young people drop out of school before reaching the sixth grade. Without education, they will repeat the cycle of poverty.
What We Do
Canadian Friends of Cooperative for Education helps Guatemalan students break the cycle of poverty by sponsoring their placement in Cooperative for Education’s Rise Youth Development Program.
This program provides the funds students need to stay in school, while wrapping innovative youth development activities and support services around a traditional tuition sponsorship. Students attend workshops on topics like leadership, financial education, and self-esteem, go on field trips to explore a variety of career paths, and receive support from trained staff and psychologists.
How to Donate
Donations are eligible for a tax credit in Canada.
Canadian Registration #: 81644 2172 RR0001
Charitable Purposes Statement:
To advance education by providing publicly available scholarships, bursaries, and other forms of financial assistance to students who are poor, of low income or in need, to be used for elementary and secondary education
Board of Directors
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Wednesday, February 03, 2016
Postcards from the Provinces
This is a sensitive subject for me, because I grew up in a region that most of the country has no idea even exists. It’s called “Western New York,” and it is not New York City. It’s closer to Michigan than to Manhattan, both physically and culturally. But in the rest of the country, “New York” refers only to the city. The western part of the state makes news only when a blizzard strikes, or the Bills make it to the Super Bowl. The region has its charms, but in an era of “spiky” distributions of wealth and the growth of the top ten major metros, it struggles for recognition and resources. If you aren’t from there, you may never give it a moment’s thought. In policy discussions, it almost doesn’t exist.
A new study shows -- brace yourself -- that people who grow up in out-of-the-way places often stay there. When they go to college, they tend to stay close to home. Not all, but most.
That matters on a number of levels.
For one, as the IHE article suggests, it means that the “undermatching” thesis is even less useful and valid than it seems. Partisans of the “undermatching” thesis believe that talented but isolated or low-income students from the provinces would flock to selective, elite universities in Boston or New York, if only they weren’t so darned ignorant. Put a scorecard online, and just watch the brain drain from the provinces to the cities. What happens to the provinces, well, that’s their problem.
But that’s not how it works. Talented students often stay close to home, and restrict their college choices to places nearby. And that’s not because they don’t know any better. It’s because they want to. Believe it or not, people consider factors beyond what shows up in scorecards. Family obligations, regional tastes, and a sense of being at home matter.
Performance funding schemes that operate at a statewide level are remarkably poor fits in regions like that. Tell someone in Lockport that, say, Guttman Community College has a higher graduation rate than Genesee Community College. What, exactly, do you expect her to do with that information? Putting Batavia and Manhattan on the same grid, as if they were essentially interchangeable, gets both places wrong. Guttman and Genesee don’t compete with each other for students. But in a performance funding system, they would compete with each other for resources.
(In my previous job, I saw the same thing in reverse. Holyoke had a much higher graduation rate than Bunker Hill, in Boston. They competed with each other for state funding, though I never met a single student who chose one over the other. They’re 90 miles and a world apart.)
The intuitive appeal of the “undermatching” thesis to many policy types is that it accepts hierarchy and polarization as inevitable. Its logic leads to inevitable death spirals for the weaker locations, which would lead to even greater inequality of opportunity by region. If you’re of a Darwinist bent and living in an elite metro, that may sound perfectly fine to you. But if you live in one of the forgotten parts of the country, the callousness and elitism are hard to miss.
If we assume that the point of higher education is to pluck out the few worthies from the great mass and to siphon them to the few places that matter, then the undermatching thesis is the way to go. But if we assume that people who choose the Batavias of the world -- for reasons of their own -- also matter, then we need to reject it out of hand.
Community colleges are increasingly countercultural in a geographic sense. As Richard Florida likes to point out, the geographic distribution of wealth and opportunity is becoming increasingly spiky. But community colleges’ distribution is flat. They’re built on the assumption that the Batavias of the world matter.
They do. Students know that; they’re telling us with their feet. I hope policymakers figure that out before they do even more damage.
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But for refined work this would imply the investigation of too many divisions of the scale; it is therefore more usual to divide the scale into single millimetres or half-millimetres and to provide a micrometer which subdivides the millimetre into 1000 or, by estimation, into Io,000 parts.
37); the opposed faces of these plugs are perfectly smooth, and are placed within a millimetre of each other.
As a rule flies are of small or moderate size, and many, such as certain blood-sucking midges of the genus Ceratopogon, are even minute; as extremes of size may be mentioned a common British midge, Ceratopogon varius, the female of which measures only 14 millimetre, and the gigantic Mydaidae of Central and South America as well as certain Australian robber-flies, which have a body 1-11n.
They range from a millimetre or so (smaller species of Aeolosoma) to 6 ft.
In a well-made apparatus the pressure in the exhausted vessel is now reduced to I t o or 2 1, of a millimetre, or even less.
How would you define millimetre? Add your definition here.
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MYC, a potent proto-oncogene, is aberrantly and widely expressed in human cancers, including the leukemias and lymphomas. The long-term goal of this proposal is to discover the molecules that are necessary to sustain MYC-driven tumors, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) in particular, and hence might serve as useful targets for the development of novel molecular therapeutics. Using a transgenic zebrafish model in which murine Myc is expressed in thymocytes and reliably generates T-cell leukemia, I conducted a dominant genetic modifier screen to identify and study "oncorequisite" genes whose mutation delays the onset of leukemia. My screen pinpointed a specific gene encoding dihydrolipoamide Ssuccinyltransferase (DLST) whose heterozygous inactivation significantly delays the onset of lymphoma/leukemia in zebrafish expressing the Myc oncogene. Zebrafish Dlst was upregulated in tumor cells with Myc overexpression, compared to normal cells without Myc overexpression. In addition, this upreguiation of DLST was associated with an increased fraction of cells in 8 phase and genomic instability. Tumor cells with 50% reduction of Dlst tended to be in G1 phase and morphologically more differentiated with a stable genome. I have clarified the importance of the human ortholog of DLST in T-ALL and found that DLST is aberrantly upregulated in the majority of T-ALL cell lines. Small molecule treatment of both human T-ALL cell lines and zebrafish with lymphoma is effective, leading to less viable cells in vitro and delayed tumor progression in vivo. Hence, I consider the human ortholog of this Kreb's cycle transferase as a promising therapeutic target for treating human T-ALL. During ROO phase of the grant, I will further characterize the importance of DLST in human neuroblastoma pathophysiology (new Aim 1) and identify its synergic genes and pathways (new Aim 2). Meanwhile, I will identify additional "oncorequisite" genes in MYC-mediated transformation through zebrafish genetic screens (Aim 3). The rationale and feasibility of this approach are well-illustrated by my data acquired during the K99 phase.
Many human cancers rely on the MYC oncogene for their support. By identifying mutant genes that delay the onset of Myc-driven T-cell leukemia in fish, this project seeks to discover useful therapeutic targets in human MYC-related cancers.
|Anderson, N M; Harrold, I; Mansour, M R et al. (2014) BCL2-specific inhibitor ABT-199 synergizes strongly with cytarabine against the early immature LOUCY cell line but not more-differentiated T-ALL cell lines. Leukemia 28:1145-8|
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Commercial Code of Kuwait
The Commercial Law of Kuwait, 1981 is a comprehensive Code covering all commercial activities like commercial contracts, commercial agency, trademarks, trade names, unfair competition, banking operations, bill of exchange, bankruptcy etc.
Articles 23 and 24 lays down the basic requirement for a foreign individual and a foreign company respectively for doing business in Kuwait. Article 23 states that a Non-Kuwaiti cannot practice any commercial activity in Kuwait unless he/she has one or more Kuwaiti partners and also that the Kuwaiti partner/s will own atleast 51 per cent of the total capital invested for the commercial establishment.
Article 24 stipulates that a non-Kuwaiti company can engage in commercial activities in Kuwait only through a Kuwaiti agent.
A foreigner or a foreign company can do business in the Kuwaiti market mainly by way of:-
- Establishing a company which could be a Limited Liability Company, Closed Joint Stock Company or a Public Joint Stock Company.
- Entering into joint Venture Agreement which doesn't require any formal procedures.
- Appointing a Local Commercial Agency.
Appointing a Commercial Agent who is a Kuwaiti individual.
The New Investments Law in Kuwait (Law No.8/2001) has been passed for regulating Direct Investment of Foreign Capital in the State of Kuwait. Since the law was passed with a view to encourage foreign investment in Kuwait, there are many clauses which actually encourages a foreign investor to invest their capital in the state of Kuwait like the 100% foreign ownership of corporate shares of a company(Article 4). A Foreign Capital Investment Committee is set up which is entrusted for recommending to the Minister of Commerce & Industry with regard to the granting of licenses to the foreign investors for practicing the economic activities and enterprises. Furthermore, Article 8 prohibits absolute confiscation or nationalization of any licensed foreign enterprise under the provisions of this law. This provision mandates prompt payment of compensation. The provision of this Law extends to cover the investments currently existing so that the investors could benefit from the new provisions without prejudice to the privileges already obtained by him (Article 9).
Also the foreign investor enjoys the priority right to transfer his investment to another foreigner or Kuwaiti national investor, or to assign the enterprise to his foreign partner (Article 11).
There are benefits and exemptions granted to the foreign investor like tax exemption, avoidance of double taxation, exemption from customs duties, allotment of land and real estate, recruitment of foreign labour etc upon the approval by the Investment Committee (Article 13).
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This article is written by guest blogger Geoff Glave, a Decentralist at Manyone.
Several messaging apps claim that their communications are encrypted “end-to-end”—meaning no one can read your messages. So when you use these apps your privacy is 100% guaranteed, right?
While it’s likely true your private messages cannot be easily decrypted on these platforms, it’s important to know that on any centralized messaging platform you do leave a string of breadcrumbs behind. These breadcrumbs are called “metadata.”
What is Metadata?
Metadata is the “data about the data.” It provides the context for the data. The size of the data set. Where it originated. Where it’s going. When it was created, and by whom.
If you’ve ever watched a spy movie where they’ve shown someone being tracked via the cell towers, to which their mobile phone is connecting, then you’ve seen metadata in action, albeit one dramatized for entertainment purposes.
On centralized messaging platforms, your metadata is the information that gets stored on intermediary servers—like your phone number, how long and how often you use messaging apps, other users with whom you’re interacting, your device identifiers like IP & MAC addresses, your mobile operating system, browser details, battery health information, app version, location via mobile network, language, time zone, and more.
Even though your messages are secret, this metadata can be mined and joined to other data sets to determine all manner of things—things you may have considered private.
Why Everyone Wants Your Metadata
As the New York Times demonstrates, it’s amazing what can be discovered from a phone.
Imagine you’re at a protest and you message your friend or a group chat. The platform provider now knows with whom you’ve connected while you were there. Imagine you send your friend some pictures and video of the police at the protest. The provider may not know what the pictures contain, or what you wrote, but it does know that you sent your friend photos and videos at that date and time.
Knowing your IP address doesn’t tell providers exactly where you are, but knowing your IP address and your mobile data provider (Rogers, AT&T, Verizon, Vodaphone et al) tells the platform where you are down to the neighbourhood, and if you’re on WiFi, the MAC address of the access point to which you’ve connected means they know down to within a hundred meters or less. Your MAC address is unique to your device, so by knowing your MAC address, it’s easy to attach a phone number to that specific device—even if you move your SIM over to a new phone.
Furthermore, by connecting this metadata to other data sets—called “joining”—so-called “interested parties” can learn even more. For example, based on a phone number and/or a mobile MAC address, a mobile carrier can be forced to turn over your name and address. If that carrier has a credit card on file for automated payments, then that is another source of information that can be obtained. All because you messaged your friend from a protest, despite thinking it was “private.”
Why is this an issue? It leaves people’s most sensitive information vulnerable to hackers, it highlights concerns as to how authorities are accessing and utilizing this information, and it puts citizens who live under oppressive regimes at risk of being targeted by their government. Everything you do online can be tracked and you should be concerned—privacy no longer exists.
The Only Solution is Decentralization
Decentralization allows users to take charge and monitor their own data. Users can set up their account, take ownership of their data, and control the kind of content they wish to see. User metadata cannot be tracked.
So when a platform claims your messages are “end-to-end encrypted” remember that if it’s not decentralized, there’s still a tremendous amount of information to be mined from the servers through which your messages are passing. All thanks to metadata.
Looking for a decentralized app that will allow you to take control of your metadata? We have it: Manyone is a decentralized, self-sovereign mobile app that offers secure, encrypted connections—no third parties. Therefore, no metadata tracking. Learn more about Manyone.
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What does the CAT judge?
The CAT is not a test of intelligence; it only
indicates whether you have the necessary aptitude to
do well in the course you wish to study. This test also identifies your general
For years the CAT scores were kept secret and were available only to the
management institutes affiliated in the form of percentiles. From 2002
however the CAT gives the students a scorecard
allowing them to understand their section-wise and overall performance. The
scorecards are sent to students in the month of February.
The CAT scorecard does not give any absolute or actual scores. The CAT being
an aptitude test grades students on the relative
scale. The scores are presented in two formats Percentage score (%score) and
Percentile for each section and the overall test. A sample representation of
the scores is given below.
Percentage (%) score
The % score represents normalized percentage of scores secured by the
candidate. It is a relative method of representing the score. This is not
the actual %
Percentile indicates student's relative performance position among the total
students who took the CAT. For example 98 percentile means that the student
is among the top 2 percent of the population who took the CAT.
Logic & DI
Is there any fixed structure for CAT?
No there is no fixed structure of CAT. The test can be in various combinations
like 4 sections (each timed for 30 mins or non-timed), 2 or 3 sections again
timed or non-timed etc. But the questions are based largely on the four areas,
Problem solving, Data Interpretation, Reading Comprehension and Verbal ability.
What is the minimum score required to clear the CAT?
There is nothing like a minimum score to clear the CAT, the score cut-off varies
every year, as it is relative scoring.
Do we have to clear every section separately?
Yes, you have to clear each section and do well in all the areas that are being
What is the minimum cut-off for each section?
Again the cutoff for each section varies for every year and the minimum cut-off
is not known. But from our years of experience we believe that as a thumb rule
an attempt of 70% of the questions with an 80% accuracy rate is required to
clear the cut-off score.
Is the cut-off same for each section?
The cutoff for each section also varies within a test and is not fixed.
I am an average student can I clear CAT?
We believe that discipline, determination and purposeful practice will lead
you towards success in the CAT. CAT is neither a test of intelligence nor is a
of your intellectual capability. You can achieve a good score by extensive,
preparation and purposeful practice.
What are the other institutes, which accept CAT scores I
don't get into IIMs?
There are various institutes, which accept the CAT score as a pre requisite for
admission. Some of the institutes are good and well
recognized. Please click here for the list of other institutes.
How many hours do I need to study everyday?
IMS believes that six months are enough for the preparation of CAT. During these
six months students should show discipline and determination by studying
regularly for at least 2 hrs a day.
What is an interview?
An interview is a personality test. In an interview,
the panel looks for a sound grasp of your discipline, self-awareness, clarity of
goals, and a well-rounded personality.
Why do management institutes conduct interviews?
The institutes call you for an interview because they don't know you, and they
want to get to know you in order to assess if you have the qualities that would
make a good manager. In a GD these qualities are revealed by your participation
in the group. In an interview, the panel deduces these qualities from your
What is a GD?
A GD is a methodology used by the institute to gauge
the candidateís capability to function as a part of a team. In this methodology,
the group of candidates are given a topic or a situation, given a few minutes to
think about the same, and then asked to discuss the topic among themselves for
The reason why institutes put you through a Group discussion and an interview,
after testing your technical and conceptual skills in an exam, is to get to know
you as a person and gauge how well you will fit in their institute. The Group
discussion tests how you function as a part of a team. As a manager, you will
always be working in teams, as a member or as a leader. Therefore how you
interact in a team becomes an important criterion for your selection. Managers
have to work in a team and get best results out of teamwork. That is the reason
why management institutes include GD as a component of the selection procedure.
When should I start preparing for CAT 2010?
The earlier the better. I would say start now
How much time should I invest for CAT 2010?
This depends on the level of preparedness you have. Have you done your
self-evaluation yet? Do a self evaluation, and then you will be able to
yourself how much time you need. In any case one doesnít need more than10-12
months of serious preparation.
How many hours per day are required for preparing for
This depends on a lot of factors. If you are a well prepared student,
with clear fundamentals in all subjects, you might be able to crack the CAT in
with just 1-2 hour of study per day. And if you are a first timer, and starting
from the basics, you might require about 35-40 hours a week for 15-18 weeks.
Which coaching institute should I join for CAT?
No coaching institute can guarantee you a IIM call. Only hard work is
the key. But sometimes itís necessary to get proper guidance and good study
you do not need any of these, you need not join any coaching institute.
What is the eligibility for admission to IIMs and other
For admission to IIMs, a bachelor degree is required (In any field).
Students in final year may also apply for CAT, provided they submit the proof of
during admissions. For most IIMs and a lot of other B-Schools, 50 percent marks
in degree level is a must.
What types of questions are asked in CAT?
Surprisingly, the questions asked in CAT are very easy, and a 10th
standard student also will be able to solve them. But solving them in the given
time is important. Also a matter is the accuracy with which you solve
them, while trying to solve maximum in the given time.
What if I donot get selected in CAT this year ?
Do not lose heart. Might be that you did not do well on the day it
mattered. You can use your preparation and take other tests as well. There are a
lot of other good institutes, and you should consider them as well before
starting all over again for next year.
How important is my reading speed for Reading
Everyone has a different opinion when it comes to reading speed. On an
average you need to have a minimum reading speed of around 350 words per minute
(wpm) to be able to score a good score in RC. If your speed is less than
this, do not lose heart, with regular reading and practice, you could improve
your reading speed.
Should I study all three sections daily or just one?
You should study all three sections. Donít forget, you need to clear
the cut off in all these sections to get a call. Most of us have a tendency to
spend more time in subjects we are already good at. This should be avoided.
What is a CAT affiliated b-school?
If you take the CAT, and get a valid score, you could use this score
for admission to other B-schools across India. These are called CAT affiliated
schools as they accept CAT score as the initial screening criteria. You will
have to apply to these schools separately. Depending on the school, you may have
to go through the GD/PI process as well .For a list of b-schools that take CAT
score, visit TODO.
Which books should I consult for CAT preparations?
There are a lot of books available in the market for CAT preparations.
Apart from books, you should focus more on test papers, both sectional and full
length. Also you should consult a good grammar book for English usage and
grammar section. Also keep a dictionary handy for quick reference. Also
subscribe to and read as many newspapers,.
Where can I find tips and tricks to crack CAT?
Remember working hard is the only key to success. So work hard, Also
you need to prepare smartly. A few tips are shared in this site.
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Schools globally have needed to demonstrate unprecedented agility in 2020. For many, the impacts of COVID-19 highlighted that the systems and software they use to run their school is, in many ways, holding them back.
School shutdowns and a move to remote learning drove a dramatic change to the education operating model. With schools forced to reinvent the way they operate, the value of a best-in-class, cloud-based school management platform has never been more evident.
By investing in the right systems, software and infrastructure, savvy schools can build a strong foundation for the future. So, what does a best-in-class school software ecosystem look like?
It should be flexible, intuitive, and support the seamless integration of all aspects of school management. From student information to financial management, learning delivery, communication, data security and more, a quality solution will enhance the education experience for schools, students and families.
The Foundation: Student management
Student management is the foundation on which schools are built. A platform that enables seamless oversight and management of the entire student lifecycle supports schools to ‘get the basics right’ by allowing them to store and control essential student information via one core system of truth.
Platforms like PCSchool enable schools to capture and store attendance, assessment, medical and wellbeing information, family relationship insights and communication preferences, and keep this information up to date throughout a student’s enrolment and beyond. Regardless of how many systems a school uses to operate, having a secure and trusted repository that offers seamless integration will eliminate manual data entry, reduce rework and eradicate version control issues.
Pillar 1: Learning management
With teachers needing to plan, create, distribute and deliver learning while both they and their students were at home during 2020, schools with a high-quality learning management system were at a distinct advantage during the pandemic.
Managing hundreds of virtual classrooms, delivering content and performing assessment online was a new and unexpected challenge for most schools. Those without effective learning management systems found themselves recording and managing critical operational information like attendance and video call links manually using Excel spreadsheets or similar, which was both time-consuming and error-prone.
Pillar 2: Operations
Schools that had digitised their administration tasks and operated using cloud-based software were able to make a far smoother transition to remote working. With staff, families and students comfortable using an existing school management platform for communication, payment, attendance, assessment and more, business managers and their teams were able to work in a somewhat business-as-usual manner, allowing the school leadership team to focus on supporting teachers with learning delivery.
Multi-channel communication platforms like PCSchool supported schools to keep their communities connected during a challenging time. With no way to distribute or collect paper-based forms on campus, offering a digital alternative to day-to-day administrative tasks became less of a ‘nice to have’ and more of a necessity during the pandemic.
Pillar 3: Financial and Asset Management
Best-practice financial management software supports schools to elevate their approach to aspects including tuition, budgeting, debtor and creditor management, facilities management, financial reporting and analysis, and more. Solutions like PCSchool offer advanced integration with leading accounting software offerings, making double-entry a thing of the past. Billing and budgeting are simplified, while a real-time view of a school’s financial position supports informed decision making.
With COVID-19 driving a renewed focus on hygiene, contactless payments are becoming the preferred payment method for both schools and families. Solutions like PCSchool support schools to go cashless across all aspects of their operations – from managing ad hoc payments via the school office to sales at the canteen and uniform shop.
Pillar 4: School-specific modules
Each school takes a unique approach to manage aspects like its library program, uniform and tuck shops. A best-in-class school management platform lets schools integrate the extras they need so that everything is managed centrally.
PCSchool’s specialist modules allow schools to accept online and in-person payments, manage shared resources using a real-time online booking system, and provide GPS tracking of bus location and arrival times. By selecting the modules that reflect their ways of working, schools can offer a seamless and flexible whole-of-school experience that’s customised to their needs.
Wrap up: Bringing it all together
Whether they thrived or just survived in 2020, the importance of the systems and software schools use to operate was certainly driven home. Many who had planned to transition to a digitally-driven approach in years to come are now making it a top priority.
While 2020 was a year of interrupted learning for schools across the globe, the benefits of a best-in-class school management platform go far beyond learning delivery. By investing in the right systems, software and infrastructure, savvy schools can simplify school management, operate more efficiently, and spend more time on the things that matter – wherever they’re working from.
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Last week, Friends of the Earth (FoE) released a report, titled “Buzz Kill: How the Pesticide Industry is Clipping the Wings of Bee Protection Efforts Across the U.S.” The report, by Christopher Cook and Tiffany Finck-Haynes, details the pesticide industry’s outsized role in weakening and delaying bee protection plans across the country.
Bees play a vital role in the food system, pollinating one-third of all foods. But bees are dying at an alarming rate. According to an estimate by the United Nations, 40 percent of pollinator species are facing extinction globally. In the United States, honeybee populations are dropping at an average of 30 to 40 percent annually.
The report identifies pesticides as the leading cause of the population decline in pollinators. Authors cite a growing body of research showing that the most widely used type of insecticide, neonicotinoids, is harmful to bees’ nervous and immune systems, as well as their foraging and navigation abilities. Glyphosate, the active ingredient in Monsanto’s Roundup® products and the most heavily used herbicide, has been tied to the decline in the monarch butterfly population.
In response to the dangerous and undeniable rise in honeybee losses, state and federal officials have called for regulatory reforms. But, according to the report, agrochemical companies, including Bayer, Syngenta, and Monsanto, are fighting against proposed pesticide reforms by investing millions in heavy lobbying, shuffling employees between regulatory agencies and agrochemical companies, and influencing scientific research to blame honeybee losses on factors besides pesticides. The authors say these multilayered tactics are designed to manufacture doubt about the science on pesticides and delay meaningful action on pesticide regulation.
As a result of industry efforts, a patchwork of vague state policies has emerged instead of clear-cut federal regulations. These state policies, or Pollinator Protection Plans, offer mostly voluntary pollinator protections and don’t require pesticide applicators to report where they apply pesticides. They also lack measurable metrics to evaluate compliance. The authors of the FoE report also point out that during the state planning processes, pesticide companies were considered important stakeholders, while beekeepers were systematically disregarded.
Despite industry efforts, some local governments and states have succeeded in limiting neonicotinoid use, notes the report. More than 25 municipalities and universities across the U.S. have restricted the use of the pesticide. In early 2016, Maryland and Connecticut became the first states to restrict consumer use of neonicotinoids. But Cook and Finck-Haynes find that stronger measures are still needed to protect pollinator health.
“Our government is giving more weight to the pesticide industry than to protecting bees, beekeepers, our food supply, and the environment,” says author Tiffany Finck-Haynes. “It is critical for policymakers to stand up for the long-term health of our food system, not the short-term profits of companies that manufacture a leading cause of bee declines.”
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During meetings of the Kenai Peninsula Borough School District Board of Education on Monday that, like others in recent months, were somewhat tumultuous, district Superintendent Clayton Holland reiterated the school district’s intention to keep face masks optional for students and staff during the 2021-2022 school year.
Amid jeers and cheers from audience members, a fleeting presence by the Soldotna Police Department and the sound of protests outside the borough building, the Board of Education heard testimony from community members about the district’s COVID-19 mitigation plan for the upcoming school year.
The board did not vote to approve or disapprove the plan, but rather held a work session prior to their Monday night meeting to discuss it. The plan does not need to be approved by the board because it was created by the superintendent and other district administration.
“We’re not going to put that decision-making on (the Board of Education) this year,” Holland said Monday.
Many elements of the plan presented Monday were outlined in a mitigation plan the district sent to the State of Alaska in June as part of its receipt of federal funding awarded under the American Rescue Plan Act.
Face masks will not be required for students or staff, but will be “strongly” recommended for those who have not been vaccinated against COVID-19. The only instances where students or staff may be required to wear masks in school, Holland said Monday, is if a local health authority, such as one of the borough’s incorporated communities or tribal entities, implemented a mask mandate for their residents. Students traveling to other boroughs for events will also be required to follow the protocols in that borough.
Masks will be required on school buses for students and riders, Holland said. The district did not require bus drivers to wear masks during the 2020-2021 school year over concerns about a driver’s glasses fogging up.
“(The CDC is) saying that they believe the Department of Transportation could pull our funding for transportation based off of not complying,” Holland said. “I know a lot of people have questioned the CDC’s ability to do that — everything we have right now is that they do have the ability.”
COVID-19 testing capacity will be expanded at all district schools following the district’s receipt of a $1.3 million grant from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the purpose of expanding testing capacity. All COVID-19 testing of students must be done with the consent of parents, KPBSD nurse Melisa Miller said Monday.
Antigen testing, which Miller said is mostly used for screening purposes, will be conducted regularly among students in sports and co-curricular activities, with the district citing voluntary participation in those activities. All positive antigen test results will be verified with a molecular test.
Physical distancing will continue to be observed in KPBSD buildings, as will other mitigation protocols implemented by the district last year, including the use of bipolar ionization systems in school buildings, the display of hygiene and masking etiquette signs, adherence to the district’s “Symptom-Free School Protocol” and contact tracing in combination with isolation and quarantine.
The district will also continue to encourage people to be vaccinated against COVID-19, including working with health entities to offer vaccine clinics in district facilities and sharing information about local vaccine clinics. Children 11 and under are currently not eligible to be vaccinated.
The district has said vaccination status among district students and staff will not be tracked, but will impact how some are asked to act after being identified as a close contact of someone who has tested positive for COVID-19.
Updates to mitigation protocols will be made by Holland, the district’s medical advisory team and others. Holland said members of the district’s medical advisory team for the upcoming school year must be willing to be publicly identified. During the 2020-2021 school year amid high tensions in the community, members asked to remain anonymous out of concern for their safety and their children or private medical practices.
Much ado about masking
Undoubtedly, the issue of biggest concern among people who testified during the board’s Monday night meeting was universal masking among students and staff.
Citing new information about the delta variant, the CDC recently updated its masking guidance to recommend universal in-door masking regardless of vaccination status in K-12 schools. Additionally, the CDC recommends children return to full-time, in-person learning in the fall with layered prevention strategies — such as social distancing, screening testing, ventilation, staying home when sick and contract tracing — in place.
One speaker pointed out that previous literature from the district describing COVID mitigation protocols for the upcoming school year said the district would follow CDC guidelines related to masking, including the district’s COVID-19 website, which says “face coverings for district staff will follow CDC guidance,” and a mitigation plan sent to the state by the district in June, which says “face coverings for staff and students will follow CDC guidance.”
Holland said during a Monday work session of the board, however, that guidance and requirements are not the same.
“They are making recommendations for us, not mandates,” Holland said of the American Academy of Pediatrics and CDC’s recommendations for masking in K-12 schools regardless of vaccination status.
Jennifer Hornung, a science teacher at Nikiski Middle High School, said she supports the mitigation plan as-is, with masking optional.
“Allowing parents to make the decisions they need to make to keep their family safe and healthy will help us all move past this pandemic and minimize collateral damage while we’re doing it,” Hornung said. “I applaud leaving masking up to the individual and to parents, while leveraging many other less invasive mitigation measures. When kids and adults have options, this very political issue stays out of my classroom.”
Sandra Elam said she supports the district’s current mitigation plan because it allows parents to have more of a say.
“I believe it is a good plan that encourages masks but does not mandate them,” Elam said. “It allows parents to play an important part in their child’s well-being by giving them the ability to decide if they want their child in a mask.”
Greta Mahowald, who said she has two elementary school children, works as a registered nurse and previously had COVID-19, was one of many in support of universal masking who cited recommendations from the CDC and from the American Academy of Pediatrics that K-12 students and staff mask while in school.
“Superintendent Holland has the credentials to lead the school district in matters of education (but) when it comes to decision-making about masking, which is about health and safety, I note that the superintendent is not an infectious disease specialist, epidemiologist, researcher, public health professional or physician,” Mahowald said. “I’m happy to hear the district will have a medical advisory group, but I’m concerned that if you have the CDC and the AAP and you will not listen to them, who will you listen to?”
Katie Archer Olson was one of several in support of universal masking who pointed out that children under the age of 12 are not yet eligible to be vaccinated.
“We know what the experts are telling us based on current research and science,” Olson said. “We need to do better to protect our staff, their family and our children, especially the unvaccinated.”
Several parents said they threatened to keep their kids out of school if the district required masks as part of their COVID-19 mitigation protocols.
“I will not send my 6-year-old to school being masked all day long,” said Kristen Dowling. “It’s not healthy, she can’t concentrate, they’re more apt to touch their face. COVID isn’t even scary for children.”
“I told (my daughter) that she probably wouldn’t be going back to school because I didn’t know how the board would vote,” Jim Davis said. “So I’m happy to tell her tonight that she’ll be able to go back to school.”
Among the board, members were similarly divided.
“I do not feel like we as board members have the expertise that is behind the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Department of Education, and we are being given some clear advice by those entities,” said board member Virginia Morgan. “I feel more comfortable doing that advice; I do feel an obligation to protect those who are most vulnerable in our public school system.”
Board member Matt Morse questioned the efficacy of COVID vaccines, which have been repeatedly found to prevent severe COVID illness.
“The first rule of a vaccine are, one, it has to stop the infection and it has to stop transmission — these vaccines don’t do either,” Morse said. “That’s the truth. If you want long-term immunity, buckle down and get COVID.”
The Pfizer & BioNTech vaccine, which is available to people 12 and older, requires two doses administered three weeks apart and is more than 90% effective in preventing COVID-19 infection. The Moderna vaccine, which is available to people 18 and older, requires two doses administered one month apart and is also more than 90% effective. Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen vaccine, which is available to people 18 and older and requires only one dose, is about 66.3% effective.
“You either get vaccinated or you get COVID,” said board President Zen Kelly. “That’s a really tough thing to say, especially when you’re under 12 years old and you can’t get vaccinated yet.”
A modicum of decorum
Monday’s passionate testimony prompted reminders from the board about decorum at meetings.
District staff called the Soldotna Police Department to remove a parent who was “interfering” with board proceedings during its 3 p.m. work session. The woman, Nicole Darwin, interrupted the work session and refused to leave after being asked to and repeatedly turned on her microphone after it was cut off by district administration.
Soldotna Police Department Lt. Duane Kant, who responded to Monday’s work session with Soldotna Police Officer Victor Dillon, confirmed Tuesday that KPBSD staff called SPD to respond to someone who was “interfering” with the meeting. By the time he and Officer Dillon responded, however, Darwin had already left the work session. Darwin later testified in opposition to universal masking at the board’s 6 p.m. meeting.
Kant said the department was also asked to return to the board’s regular meeting, which started at 6 p.m., for a walk-through, and that the department is not investigating the incident further.
The board saw similar outbursts during their regular meeting at 6 p.m., during which audience members shouted things like “Lies!” and “We back you, Clayton” while people were testifying.
“I’d like to ask the audience to please not interrupt our speakers,” Kelly said about 1.5 hours into the board’s 3.5-hour meeting. “Everybody has a right to their opinion and to give it to us and to say what they think without being interrupted.”
Kelly reiterated the need for respectful discourse in his closing remarks, when he said he would like to see the community move away from an “us-versus-them” mentality.
“I want us to unify around the common goal of educating our students, of creating critical thinkers and leading the state in innovation … We’re only going to do that if we can transcend all these divisive things that draw us apart,” Kelly said.
Monday’s meetings came amid surging COVID-19 case numbers in Alaska and in the Kenai Peninsula Borough. The Alaska Department of Health and Social Services reported 307 new COVID-19 cases in Alaska on Tuesday, including 46 on the Kenai Peninsula.
According to KPBSD’s COVID-19 risk levels dashboard, all three regions of the peninsula are considered to be at “high” risk level. Risk levels are used to help determine whether or not KPBSD schools in certain regions would operate remotely.
The southern peninsula, which is considered at high risk level when 19 or more cases have been reported in the last 14 days, has had 61 cases reported in that time period. Similarly, the eastern peninsula, which is considered to be at high risk level when eight cases have been reported over the last two weeks, has had 61 cases reported over the last two weeks. The central peninsula is considered to be at high risk level when 52 or more cases were reported over the last 14 days. As of Tuesday, 276 cases had been reported over the last 14 days on the central peninsula.
COVID-19 vaccines and tests continue to be available at multiple locations across the borough. A list of available vaccination appointments can be found on the state’s scheduling program at myhealth.alaska.gov. More information about COVID-19 in Alaska can be found on DHSS’ website at covid19.alaska.gov.
Board of Education meetings and work sessions can be viewed on the district’s media website at media.kpbsd.k12.ak.us.
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Building models are built to provide three-dimensional (3-D) spatial information, which is needed in a variety of applications including city planning, construction management, location-based services of urban infrastructures, and the like. However, 3-D building models have to be updated on a timely manner to meet the changing demand. Rather than reconstructing building models for the entire area, it would be more convenient and effective to only update parts of the areas where there were changes. This paper aims at developing a new method, namely double-threshold strategy, to find such changes within 3-D building models in the region of interest with the aid of light detection and ranging (LIDAR) data. The proposed modeling scheme comprises three steps, namely, data pre-processing, change detection in building areas, and validation. In the first step for data pre-processing, data registration was carried out based on multi-source data. The second step for data pre-processing requires using the triangulation of an irregular network of data points collected by Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR), focusing on those locations containing walls or other above-ground objects that were ever removed. Then, change detection in the building models can be made possible for finding differences in height by comparing the LIDAR point measurements and the estimates of the building models. The results may be further refined using spectral and feature information collected from aerial imagery. A double-threshold strategy was applied to cope with the highly sensitive thresholding often encountered when using the rule-based approach. Finally, ground truth data were used for model validation. Research findings clearly indicate that the double-threshold strategy improves the overall accuracy from 93.1% to 95.9%.
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Picking Up Synthesis Essay Topics About Poetry On Love
Picking out a topic to write your essay on can be just about as stressful as sitting down and putting your pen to paper. A good topic can make the difference between good grade and having to repeat the class next year. Before you can pick your topic, you have to find something that grabs your interest and grabs your attention. You are passionate about what you are writing then it will be reflected into your paper and picked up on by your reader. Here are some tips to help you out while you are looking around.
- Read some poetry. Find a poet that when you hear the name you automatically think of love.
- Try to avoid the usual poems and poets. Think outside and do some research to find some lesser known writers. This will make your paper stand out.
- Dig for unknown or unusual angles in the poetry. For example, delve into why people act the way they do when they are in love. Or poetry that grabs the dark side of an affair.
- Research for your topic in an unusual place. Skip the mainstream search engines, go retro and find a public library. There you will find more topics that not everyone is touching on.
- Take a normal topic and find an unusual twist on it. This is not going to be the easiest way, but it will be the most rewarding.
- Look alone. You do not want your friends clouding your judgment on a topic. Love topics should reflect the writer’s thoughts on love, your friends or classmate may not have the same views or opinions as you do.
- Do not wait until the last minute to start searching. You will feel pressured to choose a topic quickly and not take the necessary time to find one that will speak to you.
No matter how long it takes you, focus on making your paper unique to you. Do not stress over it to the point you are over critical. You can set the tone in your search. The search will awaken your ideas and show you the direction you want to go with your paper. There is no limit to how many topics you can find, but you will be able to weed out the undesirable choices quickly once you decide what direction you want to go while picking up your topic.
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By Richard Eckstrom
Across the state, there’s a growing movement that will result in greater government efficiency and accountability.
Several local governments have begun putting their monthly check registers on the Internet. By doing so, they are empowering taxpayers with click-of-a-mouse access to details about how their hard-earned tax dollars are spent… and helping create a new era of transparency in South Carolina.
I’ve long believed transparency improves the quality of government. When public spending is done in the open, public officials are usually more accountable. They tend to make better decisions, knowing those decisions will face public scrutiny.
That’s why, several months ago, my office began a campaign to encourage local governments to voluntarily post their spending details on the Internet. We had recently unveiled a spending transparency Web site for state agencies, and local government spending transparency seemed like a logical next step. To make it as easy and inexpensive as possible, my office has offered to host the information on our own Web site if necessary.
Two-thousand-nine will go down as a watershed year for transparency in South Carolina. The towns of Irmo and Turbeville, the cities of Aiken and Cayce, and Charleston, Dorchester and Anderson counties have begun posting their monthly check registers online. The city of Columbia and the town of South Congaree have recently announced their intentions to do so. I also recently heard that Myrtle Beach was considering it, and a York County Council member told me he is exploring the idea.
And while my office’s efforts have focused on encouraging local units of government to voluntarily put their spending on the Internet, there has also been legislative debate over whether to compel them to do so. School districts soon will begin putting their spending details online, and a measure under consideration would require colleges and universities to do so. Thanks to the hard work of the S.C. Policy Council, Sen. Mike Rose and others, government at all levels is becoming much more transparent in South Carolina.
In putting such information at people’s fingertips, these local officials are sending an important message: It’s not their money they’re spending. It’s the people’s money, and people deserve easy access to how it’s spent. These local officials are also helping to gain the confidence of those they serve, which is important at a time when too many people distrust government or hold it in low esteem.
In meeting with local governments from across the state, I’ve been encouraged by the responses I’ve received. Many understand it’s their responsibility to provide such information, and to make it as easy as possible to access. Still, it’s clear to me that many local governments simply will not voluntarily do so, at least not without pressure from their citizens.
That’s why it’s important that citizens make their voices heard. Contact your local elected officials. Let them know you believe transparency is the best policy. Good government is made even better when it’s conducted in full view of the public.
Thursday, July 9, 2009
By Richard Eckstrom
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January 24th is the twenty-fourth day in the Gregorian calendar. On this day, the United States Department of Homeland Security began operations, serial killer Ted Bundy was executed via electric chair, and the first Boy Scout troop was organized in the United Kingdom. Famous birthdays include Frederick the Great, Ed Helms, and Sharon Tate. January 24th also marks National Beer Can Appreciation Day and National Peanut Butter Day.
We have 12 holidays listed for January 24.
National Beer Can Appreciation Day
Drink to the historic, monumental, and thirst-quenching day beer was first sold in cans.
National Compliment Day
You never know when someone could use some good vibes, so give a compliment!
National Peanut Butter Day
Crunchy or smooth, today we put down our phones and pick up our spreading knives.
International Mobile Phone Recycling Day
“The forest is calling” and so are we — to take a good look at your mobile!
National "Just Do It" Day
Get ready for a change because you're finally going to “Just Do It!”
National Lobster Thermidor Day
Get your knives and forks ready because you're about to crave some succulent Lobster Thermidor!
Paul Pitcher Day
Drink ale, and line up your pitchers, it’s time to celebrate the Conversion of St. Paul!
Speak Up and Succeed Day
Take a deep breath and raise your voice this Speak Up and Succeed Day.
Talk Like a Grizzled Prospector Day
Hold a baby buggy in place as we muck deeper into this annual gold bonanza.
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How to be more relaxed while trotting?
:D Hey, I have been riding for a while now, but I have trouble when I'm trotting. I always tense up my knees, which causes me to fall back when I post, and I lose my balance. I also have a hard time keeping my hands quit while posting, causing my horse discomfort and losing contact. Does anyone have any suggestions on what I should do, any exercises or tips? thanks :D
It really helps to be on the lungeline with a trainer so you can work more on your body.
What causes you to tense when you trot though? Is it the jarring motion, is it your horse rushing and getting unbalanced, is it the momentum pushing you up and you coming down that bothers you?
The horse I ride has quit a quick trot, so I usually end up bouncing around in the saddle instead of posting, then I tense and grip with my knees.
So focus on slowing this horse down, do you have a riding instructor that can help you?
The horse my daughter rides is super bouncy,her back moves five inches when trotting, and also is super fast when in heat. Because there is bouncy, you don't necessarily need to post but more like go up when her back pushes you up. As my trainer says, let the bounce post you, not you post the bounce.
First, try riding stirrupless or bareback. This will give you needed leg muscles and a better sense of balance. When trying to go slower, give outside half halts and sing a song that has a slow beat. When the beat hits, rise or fall with your post. And breath, the more you relax the easier it is to ride.
The way my daughter was taught to keep her hands steady was having her hands by her withers, almost holding on the the saddle pad. After three months of this her hands learned to be steady and she was soon ready to bring her hands up in a true dressage hold.
Hope this helps and talk to your trainer!
BREATHE! We tend to forget to breathe while we're riding. Getting into a steady rhythm with your horse will also help you get in tune with him.
Also, the best and fastest way to learn to trot is to drop your stirrups. Posting without stirrups is painful and frustrating, but is the best exercise to develop balance, rhythm and strength. Also, get a grab strap to attach to the front of your saddle so that you don't rely on the horses mouth. It will also help you learn how to open and close your elbows as you post to get your hands softer.
Some other exercises you can do:
1. Post with one stirrup. Switch sides every so often.
2. Stand in your stirrups. Try standing as straight as you can for as many strides as possible. Use your grab strap (or horses' mane) if you lose your balance!
3. Vary your posting. Post for 5 strides, sit for 3 strides, post for 5 strides, stand for 3 strides. Changing it up will help you get balanced quick!
Hope this helps!
have a cocktail (or two) before you get on, then you wont over think it ;-)
According to my trainer I'm naturally relaxed (Yea, idk) But for my hands, to keep them steady, I rest the edge of my hands on the horse's withers. Kinda like the saddle pad trick. I tend to tense up my lower back though...
Careful with the resting your hands on the withers or near them. I developed a bad habit where my hands are always too low, or if i get unbalanced I throw my hands down without realizing it which unbalances me and my horse more. I have found core work is helping me keep my position and balance. That and trotting in 2-point for long periods of time, ouchies lol
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We’re both familiar with irritating, frustrating and annoying people. Learning how to deal with them is an art-form, because what works for me, may not work for you.
There are a lot of facets that come into play when someone is annoying you. Are they bothering you, because you genuinely don’t think they ‘vibe’ with you? Or, is the universe sending someone to show you what you have to work on?
If you only take one thing away from this article, let it be this: honesty always works.
There’s no need to be unnecessarily blunt about it, but if someone becomes too pushy, you have to be honest about what’s going on and let them know. It sucks, but if you value your time, it has to be done, and it doesn’t have to be done in a harsh manner.
Ignoring has to be one of the most common strategies you see people use. It can work well, but if the person is persistent, you can’t ignore them for long.
Dealing with annoying people is always easier the more comfortable you are in your skin. If someone is bothering you, the best way to stop it is to tell the person, which I will talk about in a second.
- Being Nice
The first response we have is to be nice towards everyone. Being negative in any way is frowned upon, but what most forget is that telling the truth is more important than being nice. You have to respect yourself.
Telling the truth doesn’t mean being rude or obnoxious in any way. You have to find your own groove, but chances are that you have to tell people what you think if you’ve got a small crowd bothering you all the time.
- Being Honest
If nothing else works, tell the person exactly what you feel. Again, being overly harsh is unnecessary. Just telling someone that you don’t want to hang out with them right now is not the end of the world.
This takes some courage, but in the end, it is the most honest and simple way to deal with the situation. Luckily, most people don’t need to be told, because they are smart enough to pick up subtle hints that you aren’t interested.
Think about when you were last bothering someone; did they tell you to go away in a particularly effective and nice way?
The way I often learn new things is by flipping the roles. If I want to learn how to tell people to go away, I look inside and think about if I’ve ever been in a position where someone else wanted me to go away, especially if it worked.
Learning how to deal with annoying people is uncomfortable, because if you care about others, you want to be nice. It’s your first instinct, and that’s cool, but it doesn’t always work.
When it becomes a problem is if you’re giving your time away to someone you don’t want to. Sometimes it takes more than being nice to resolve a problem in your life.
The next time you’re in a situation like this, think about your options and the consequences they have.
Sometimes things aren’t what they seem, and most important of all, often the person you’re annoyed by is there to show you where you need to focus internally.
|Written on 4/26/2010 by Henri Junttila. Henri writes at Wake Up Cloud, where he helps people turn their passion into a thriving lifestyle business. When you feel ready to take action, get his free special report.||Photo Credit: tourist_on_earth|
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Below you will find a summary of a study produced on the history of Hugo Ferdinand Boss (1885-1948) and his company. The full version of the study was published by the HUGO BOSS Group in August 2011. The management considered it exceptionally important to have this segment of the company history thoroughly investigated in light of the continuing public and media interest.
The study and its summary were produced in cooperation with the highly respected Gesellschaft für Unternehmensgeschichte – a German institution devoted to chronicling corporate histories – and its independent historians. The Group wishes to emphasize that it was not involved in the research or writing and that no influence whatsoever was brought to bear concerning the study's form or content.
In the past HUGO BOSS AG has often been confronted by vague statements regarding its history. Hugo Ferdinand Boss established his workshop in 1924, as a consequence of which his company operated during the Third Reich and the Second World War. During this period the factory employed 140 forced laborers (the majority of them women) and 40 French prisoners of war. When the Group became aware of this fact, it made a contribution to the international fund set up to compensate former forced laborers.
Out of respect to everyone involved, the Group has published this new study with the aim of adding clarity and objectivity to the discussion. It also wishes to express its profound regret to those who suffered harm or hardship at the factory run by Hugo Ferdinand Boss under National Socialist rule.
The company history "Hugo Boss, 1924-1945. The History of a Clothing Factory During the Weimar Republic and Third Reich" by Roman Köster is available from bookstores and – directly – from HUGO BOSS AG. This full-length study can be ordered from email@example.com.
Should you have any questions on the study or the summary presented here, you can contact us at the same address: firstname.lastname@example.org.
Numerous milestones punctuate the evolution of HUGO BOSS into an international lifestyle group. In the following section the events that have shaped the company's history are listed.
Following the Second World War manufacturing is progressively expanded under the guidance of Hugo Ferdinand Boss' son-in-law Eugen Holy. The first orders for men's suits are received during the 1950s.
By 1950 the company has 128 employees on its books, a number that continues to rise in the following years.
In 1960 the first off-the-peg suits for men are produced, laying the foundations for the company's future success. In 1969 Eugen Holy's sons – Jochen and Uwe Holy – take over the company, gradually reshaping it into the international fashion group familiar today.
The fashion-awareness of men increased in the 1970s and their demands in aesthetics changes distinctly. The BOSS brand – with its high-quality men's collections – was launched in the early 1970s. It is the era of extremely narrow shoulders and two-button, single-breasted blazers. BOSS is registered as a brand in 1977.
HUGO BOSS has already begun to hone an international profile when it begins sponsoring motorsports and Formula One racing during the early 1970s. These activities prove the perfect vehicle for promoting the BOSS brand image and fostering its popularity among a global audience.
HUGO BOSS ventures into a new market in 1984 by granting its first fragrance license. Ever since, HUGO BOSS fragrances have numbered among the most successful products in their segment and regularly featured among the top-selling scents.
In 1985 essential changes take place regarding the company structure. HUGO BOSS is listed on the German Stock Exchange in Frankfurt.
HUGO BOSS enters the field of golf sponsorship in 1985. The former world number one Bernhard Langer becomes the first professional to wear BOSS on the world's fairways and there are many others to come like Phil Mickelson and Martin Kaymer. Today HUGO BOSS continues to expand its golfing activities.
In 1989 HUGO BOSS grants a license for eyewear including sunglasses. With their innovative designs and classic elegance, the eyewear collections reflect the individual brands perfectly.
HUGO BOSS introduces its tri-brand strategy in 1993. Two new brands, HUGO and BALDESSARINI, are added to augment the core BOSS brand. HUGO's progressive, innovative style and BALDESSARINI's luxurious, sophisticated appeal open the doors to new target groups for HUGO BOSS fashions. In 2006 the collections from BALDESSARINI are discontinued.
The granting of a license for shoes adds a new dimension to HUGO BOSS and its collections. In 2004, production of shoes and leather accessories is integrated into the company and expansion has been ongoing ever since.
HUGO BOSS begins sponsoring contemporary arts in 1995. The partnership with the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation is sealed, creating the foundation for the HUGO BOSS PRIZE which is awarded for the first time in 1996.
The HUGO BOSS PRIZE is established jointly with the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in 1996. Innovation and creativity are the deciding criteria for the prize, which is awarded by an international jury comprised of museum curators, critics, and collectors every two years. With its stipend of 100,000 USD, the HUGO BOSS PRIZE has since become one of the most important awards in the field of contemporary art. The American artist Matthew Barney is the first recipient of the accolade.
The first watch license is granted in 1996 for BOSS. In 2007 a BOSS Orange watch collection was added.
Tapping its long-term experience in golf sponsorship, HUGO BOSS launches the BOSS Golf Collection in 1997. The collection includes high-quality sportswear that meets golfers' standards both on and away from the course.
The year 1998 is a milestone in HUGO BOSS' company history, marking the launch of its first women's collection – under the HUGO brand. In the meantime women’s collections have also been introduced for the brands BOSS, BOSS Orange and BOSS Green. Many of the HUGO Womenswear pieces become absolute Must-haves.
An international event marks the launch of BOSS Orange in 1999. The casualwear line provides an additional platform for sports- and leisurewear within the HUGO BOSS brand world – flanking the classic and elegant BOSS collection and the younger and more progressive HUGO brand.
The year 2000 sees the first women's collection launched under the BOSS core brand. This collection is aligned alongside the BOSS men's collection in the high-end fashion market. BOSS Womenswear offers the exclusive designs and feminine looks that appeal to modern, successful, and self-confident women with a natural zest. Classic tailoring as a tribute to the roots of the fashion house become more and more relevant within the womenswear collections, emphasizing the precise cut and the sophisticated details of the individual piece.
BOSS Golf is repositioned within the HUGO BOSS brand world with a new concept and renamed BOSS Green: Functional materials and BOSS fashion know-how are synthesized in this everyday apparel with a sporting twist. The result is a coherent collection with strong colors and high-impact looks.
In 2003 the Group's sports sponsorship activities are extended to sailing. And since that year, the 22-strong crew of the HUGO BOSS yacht, led by skipper Alex Thomson, has been exclusively outfitted with a specially manufactured sailing collection.
As modern consumers' tastes become more sophisticated, demand for supreme quality and perfect workmanship grows. For a leading brand like BOSS, it is important to satisfy these changing market requirements with innovative solutions – and thereby offer products that completely cover the high-quality menswear segment. To answer this need, the luxury line BOSS Selection is first presented for Fall/Winter 2004.
Shoes and leather goods perfectly complement every look. In January 2004, footwear and leather goods manufacturing is incorporated into the HUGO BOSS Group.
For the 2006 summer season a BOSS Orange Womenswear collection – offering the same casual, individualistic and upbeat styles as the existing men's collection – is launched for women.
In 2006, the brand portfolio changes and the collections from BALDESSARINI are discontinued. The luxury positioning of BALDESSARINI is now represented by BOSS Selection within the HUGO BOSS brand universe.
Having supported children’s charities for several years, HUGO BOSS – in conjunction with the children’s aid organization UNICEF – begins building schools in Africa’s poorest countries during 2007. Within the framework of this project, schools in Angola, Malawi, Rwanda, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and South Africa have been opened or renovated and supplied with new teaching materials.
On the evening of October 17, 2007 HUGO BOSS presents its BOSS Spring/Summer 2008 collection at the historic Cunard Building in Manhattan. It is the first time the Group is showing its collection in New York.
HUGO BOSS' online store in Great Britain is launched in September 2008. Today online stores have also opened in Germany, Austria, the Netherlands, France, and the USA. Additional stores around the world are due to follow. 2011 sees the relaunch of the online store in Mandarin for the Chinese market - a milestone in the ecommerce business.
In February 2009, HUGO BOSS adds a true superlative to the realm of luxury apparel: the BOSS Selection Tailored Line. For the first time ever, full canvas construction is achieved – i.e. every step involved in creating a suit is performed by hand. In 2011 the Tailored line is integrated into the MADE TO MEASURE concept.
The year 2009 sees HUGO BOSS awarding a license for children's clothing. Keyed to the positioning of the BOSS core brand, the collection features a versatile wardrobe offering a rich variety of looks for children and teens that are suitable for recreation and more formal occasions.
Since 2009 iPhone owners have been able to explore the world of
HUGO BOSS using a dedicated app – in addition to viewing the more detailed presentation on the corporate website. The company also maintains online channels on the video portal Youtube and the social networking sites Facebook, Twitter and FourSquare.
In the Fall/Winter 2010 season, HUGO BOSS premiers a further women's collection - as a complement to the successful BOSS Green men's collection. The line's looks are geared toward trend-conscious, athletic women with an active and modern lifestyle.
[Translate to english:] Soziales Engagement spielt für HUGO BOSS in allen Bereichen eine sehr wichtige Rolle, insbesondere für Kindern. HUGO BOSS geht daher 2010 neben seiner Partnerschaft mit UNICEF, eine weitere bedeutende Projektpartnerschaft mit „Save the Children“ ein, der größten unabhängigen Kinderrechtsorganisation der Welt.
By awarding a license for bed and bath products HUGO BOSS creates a comprehensive lifestyle. Inspired by the Group's fashions, the Home Collection comprises elegant, modern bedding, bath and beach towels that feature high-quality workmanship.
In 2011 the Group relaunches its online store in Mandarin for the Chinese market.
In 2011, HUGO BOSS launches its most luxurious line with BOSS Selection MADE TO MEASURE and the MADE TO MEASURE Service, offering tailored suits for men. Choosing from an array of the finest Italian fabrics and exquisite materials the customer can assemble his very own MADE TO MEASURE suit, along with custom-made shirts and ties.
[Translate to english:] 2012 findet die erste Fashion Show mit einer Liveübertragung in 3D statt. Ob in Berlin, Shanghai oder New York, überall kann die spektakuläre Show live mitverfolgt werden.
The BOSS Selection products are merged with the BOSS collection. This move underscores the luxury and premium standards of the core brand and simultaneously enhances the uniqueness and clarity of the global brand image. The tailored suits MADE TO MEASURE are now available under BOSS and mark the luxurious peek of the fashion house’s collections.
Since May 2013 HUGO BOSS has been the official fashion outfitter of the German national soccer team as well as of the German national under-21 soccer team. Off the pitch the athletes showcase classic business looks and laid-back casual outfits.
HUGO BOSS ASIA ART creates a new art award in Asia, following the HUGO BOSS PRIZE co-founded in 1996 by HUGO BOSS and the Guggenheim Foundation. This groundbreaking biennale award which aims at recognizing the significant achievements in contemporary art in Asia, is conceived and curated by the Rockbund Art Museum that carries a stipend of ¥300,000. Kwan Sheung Chi is the inaugural artist to receive the first biennial award.
Jason Wu takes up the position of Artistic Director for BOSS Womenswear. The Taiwan-born, New York-based designer becomes responsible for the entire womenswear line up from HUGO BOSS, including ready-to-wear and accessories.
HUGO BOSS and Parsons The New School for Design announced a major new scholarship in the amount of $250,000.
Principal shareholder Permira sells its shares in HUGO BOSS AG.
HUGO BOSS AG
Phone: +49 7123 94-0
Fax: +49 7123 94-80259
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Monday, July 7, 2014 9:34 PM EDT
By ROBERT STORACE, STAFF WRITER
NEW BRITAIN — Get on your two-wheeler. Citing the city’s public outreach efforts and municipal leadership, Bike Walk Connecticut has ranked New Britain as the third most bike-friendly community in the state. It was also deemed the third most walk-friendly community.
Kelly Kennedy, executive director of the non profit, said in a statement that “being able to get around safely by bike or on foot isn’t just a fad or a health issue, or environmental issue. It’s an economic development issue. Towns that are bike and walk friendly are great places to live, work, shop and play.”
> READ THE FULL NEW BRITAIN HERALD STORY HERE.
Bike Walk CT
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- Research article
- Open Access
Effects of Angelicae dahuricae Radix on 2, 4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in mice model
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine volume 17, Article number: 98 (2017)
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory, chronically relapsing, and intensively pruritic skin disease that affect 10–30% of the global population. Angelicae dahuricae Radix (ADR) has been reported to be anti-inflammatory in Korean Medicine. In the present study, we investigated whether ADR suppresses the progression of AD in animal model.
AD was induced by 2, 4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). ADR was orally administered to mice to study the effect of ADR on AD. Histological Analysis, immunohistochemistry, blood analysis, RT-PCR, and ELISA assay were performed.
ADR significantly suppressed AD-like symptoms in BALB/c mice: ADR decreased skin thickness and spleen weight of mice. ADR reduced infiltration of mast cells, inflammatory cells and CD4+ cells into mouse skin. ADR lowered the number of WBCs in the blood of mice. ADR reduced the levels of IgE, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 in mice serum. ADR down-regulated mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α in mouse skin tissue.
Our present study clearly indicates that ADR suppresses the progression of AD induced by DNCB in BALB/c mice. This suggests that ADR might be a useful drug for the treatment of AD.
10–30% of the global population in the world suffer by atopic dermatitis (AD), which is also known as atopic eczema, and is one of the most common allergic diseases [1, 2]. AD is characterized by chronic or relapsing skin disorder, skin barrier dysfunction, and pruritic skin inflammation [3–5]. 2–10% of adults and 15–30% of children suffer from AD experiencing a significant reduction in quality of life [6–8]. Over the past 10 years, the prevalence of AD has increased a two-fold in elementary school-aged children in South Korea . Therefore, successful treatment of AD is a very important task to decline disease.
The pathogenesis of AD is not well known, but two main theories have been proposed. In one theory, it was explained that AD is associated with filaggrin gene mutations. Filaggrin is a filament-associated protein that binds to keratin fibers in epidermis. Defection in filaggrin seems to induce skin barrier dysfunction leading to water loss from the skin [10, 11]. The other theory is immunological hypothesis associated with Th1/Th2 imbalance. T-helper cells play an important role in disease onset and progression. There is a predominance of Th2 cells rather than Th1. This results in increased infiltration of inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages into the skin lesions, and eosinophilia in peripheral blood. This also induces increased level of immunoglobulin E (IgE) [12, 13].
Surfaces of mast cells aggregate high-affinity IgE receptors (FcεI). IgE secretion is an important immediate hypersensitivity reaction in AD through mast cells. Mast cell activation releases not only inflammatory mediators but also Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) [14, 15]. Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-10 play an important role in allergic inflammation [16, 17]. Moreover, proliferation of CD4+ T cells is observed in AD patient [18–20].
Angelicae dahuricae Radix (ADR) is a perennial plant that grows naturally. ADR are commonly known as Chinese Angelica, Wild Angelica, or Bai Zhi in Chinese . ADR is known as Baig-Ji in Korean. ADR leaves are used to make strong scented incense. In addition, ADR are used in traditional medicine to counter harmful external influences on the skin, such as cold, headaches, rhinitis, heat, dampness and dryness . In the experimental study, ADR alleviated the redness, swelling, and other symptoms of acute inflammation in mouse and rat . ADR reduced the levels of the serum inflammatory mediators including Nitric oxide (NO), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), and prostaglandid E2 (PGE2) . ADR showed anti-inflammatory activity in RAW264.7 cell and cytotoxic effect in A549 cells and KB cells . Main compound of ADR is known to be an aviprin . Aviprin showed antioxidant activity and is cytotoxic on LNCaP and HeLa cell lines . These results indicate that ADR may be good candidate for the control of AD and beneficial in the treatment of human allergic disorders.
In the present study, we investigated whether ADR oral administration has anti-inflammatory activity on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-(DNCB-) induced AD-like skin lesions in mice model.
Preparation of Angelicae dahuricae Radix (ADR)
ADR was supplied by Han-poong Pharm Co., Ltd (Jeonjoo, Republic of Korea). ADR powder was dissolved in distilled water to give to mice a concentration of 200 mg/kg.
Animal experiments were approved by Kyung Hee university institutional animal care of use committee (KHUASP(SE)) and performed according to ethical treatment. Six-week-old male BALB/c mice were purchased from Orient (Seoul, Republic of Korea). Mice were maintained for 1 week before the start of the experiment. Animals were randomized and all housed under controlled temperature (23 ± 3 °C) and humidity (55 ± 15%), with a 12 h light/12 h dark cycle. Animals were provided with a laboratory diet and water ad libitum. Body weight and Food intake of animals were measured once every 2 days.
Induction of AD and treatment
Induction of AD procedure and treatment are described in Fig. 1. The mice were divided into three groups (n = 8): group 1, normal; group 2, DNCB; group 3, DNCB + ADR(200 mg/kg). For the experiment, mice back skin was painted dermally with 200 μ L of a 2% DNCB using 1 × 1 cm patches after shaving. Three weeks after sensitization, the back skin was challenged with 200 μL of a 0.2% DNCB solution. Finally, mice were fed with ADR together with DNCB sensitiazation for 2 weeks. At the end of experiment, mice were sacrificed by CO2-inhalation, and samples were collected.
Skin samples were embedded in Tissue-Tek optical cutting temperature (OCT) compound (Leica, USA). The section of the skin samples was 20 μm-thick. We used caliper to measure skin thickness. Each section was stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) for inflammatory cells and with toluidine blue (T.B) for mast cells, and examined under light microscopy (Olympus). Mast cells and inflammatory cells were counted in 10 parts of high-power fields (HPF) (250 μm x 250 μm) at 40x, 400x and 1000x magnification.
Expression of CD4+ lymphocytes was detected by immunohistochemical analysis using the anti-CD4+ antibody. The skin tissues were rehydrated. After a microwave treatment, the sections were treated with 3% hydrogen peroxide in PBS for 15 min to inhibit endogenous peroxidase activity of blood cells. The skin sections were blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PBS for 1 h, at room temperature. Skin sections were incubated with mouse monoclonal CD4+ antibody overnight at 4 °C and subsequently incubated with secondary biotinylated anti-rabbit IgG for 1 h at room temperature. Sections were treated with avidin-biotin HRP complex (Vectastain ABC kit, Vector Labs, Burlingame, CA, USA) for 30 min at 4 °C and finally stained with diaminobenzidine tetrachloride (DAB) as a substrate. The slides were mounted with an aqueous mounting solution (DAKO, Glostrup, Denmark) and cover-slipped. All the sections were analyzed using an Olympus microscope and images were captured using a digital video camera.
Analysis of mouse blood
Whole blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture. The blood was placed in Vacutainer TM tubes containing EDTA (BD science, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). Anti-coagulated blood was submitted to determination of hematological parameters (WBC, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils and neutrophils) in a HEMAVET 950 hematology analyzer (Drew Scientific, Inc., Miami Lakes, FL, USA) in accordance to manufacturer’ recommendation.
RNA was isolated using easy-blue RNA extraction kit (iNtRON biotech, Seongnam, Republic of Korea) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Isolated RNA content was measured using the NanoDrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies Inc, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA). Total cellular RNA from each sample was reversely transcribed using cDNA synthesis kit (TaKaRa, Otsu, Shiga, Japan). PCR was performed using the specific primer. The primers used were as follows : mouse IL-4 (Forward : 5’ - TCG GCA TTT TGA ACG AGG TC - 3’, Reverse : 5’ - GAA AAG CCC GAA AGA GTC TC - 3’); mouse IL-6 (Forward : 5’ - GAT GCT ACC AAA CTG GAT ATA ATC - 3’, Reverse : 5’ - GGT CCT TAG CCA CTC CTT CTG TG - 3’); mouse TNF-α (Forward : 5’ - ATG AGC ACA GAA AGC ATG ATC - 3’, Reverse : 5’ - TAC AGG CTT GTC ACT GGA ATT - 3’); and mouse GAPDH (Forward : 5’ - GAG GGG CCA TCC ACA GTC TTC - 3’, Reverse : 5’ - CAT CAC CAT CTT CCA GGA GCG - 3’).
Enzyme-Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA)
For measurement of total serum IgE, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12, blood specimens were obtained from the heart on the final day. The blood was placed in Vacutainer tubes containing EDTA (BD science, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and blood plasma was isolated. Total IgE, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 levels in plasma were determined by sandwich ELISA using the BD PharMingen ELISA set according to the manufacturer’s instruction. Optical densities were measured at 450 nm using a microplate reader (Versa Max, Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA, USA).
All quantitative data derived from this study were analyzed statistically. One-way ANOVA was used for analysis of our data. The results were expressed as the mean ± SEM. Statistical significance at P < 0.05 < 0.01 and < 0.001 has been given respective symbols in the figures.
Effect of oral administration of ADR on body weight and food intake of mice
We monitored body weight and food intake of mice throughout the study. We observed no significant changes in this regard, indicating that ADR may not affect general conditions in mice (Fig. 2a and b).
Effect of ADR on DNCB-induced AD in mice model
AD-like skin lesions were induced in Balb/c mice applying DNCB for 4 weeks. DNCB application was followed by ADR oral administration. ADR markedly inhibited AD as shown in Fig. 3a. A histogram of skin thickness estimated is shown in Fig. 3b. Normal skin was found to be 0.58 ± 0.12 mm (ranging from 0.46 to 0.84 mm), while DNCB-induced AD skin (negative control) was found to be 2.12 ± 0.27 mm (ranged from 1.92 to 2.66 mm). DNCB- induced AD skin orally treated with ADR was found to be 1.23 ± 0.21 mm (ranged from 0.92 to 1.48 mm). Data demonstrate that ADR decreased skin thickness of mice. Moreover, ADR decreased spleen weight of mice (Fig. 3b).
Effect of ADR on mast cells, inflammatory cells and CD4+ cells
To determine whether ADR reduces infiltration of mast cells and inflammatory cells into skin, we performed T & B staining and H & E staining on the skin samples. Numbers of mast cells and inflammatory cells in AD mice were shown to be higher than those in normal mice. ADR decreased such infiltration of mast cells and inflammatory cells into skin (Fig. 4a, c). Mast cells and inflammatory cells numbers under each condition were shown in Fig. 4b, d. We performed immunocytochemistry to examine whether ADR reduces level of CD4+ (total T cells) within skin. The level of CD4+ in DNCB-induced AD lesions in mice is higher than that in normal mice. ADR decreased the level of CD4+ cells within the skin (Fig. 4e, f).
Effect of ADR on WBCs in the blood of mice
To investigate whether ADR suppresses inflammatory phenomenon, we measured leukocytes levels in cardiovascular blood samples using HEMAVET 950 hematology analyzer. We observed that DNCB application increased total number of white blood cells (WBCs) and each subtypes of WBCs including neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes in serum of mice. Importantly, a subsequent oral administration of ADR lowered the increased number of WBCs, implicating ADR suppresses inflammatory responses by decreasing the number of WBCs in the blood (Fig. 5a, b, c, d, e and f).
Effect of ADR on the levels of IgE, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 in mice serum
We measured the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the blood samples by ELISA assay.
Effect of ADR on mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α in mouse skin tissue
To determine whether ADR decreases AD-relevant cytokines expression, we performed RT-PCR to measure levels of IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α. We found that DNCB increased the levels of IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α while ADR decreased such increases (Fig. 7a, b, c and d).
AD is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, which increases serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and infiltration of inflammatory cellincluding mast cells and eosinophils [28, 29]. The pathogenesis of AD is primarily driven by Th2 immune responses . This causes epidermal thickness of mice with cutaneous hypersensitivity.
CD4+ T cells and mast cells are known as key factors in allergic inflammatory diseases. AD mouse model contains increased CD4+ T cell [30, 31]. DNCB-induced AD mouse model showed severe AD symptoms, increase in mast cells, epidermal hyperplasia and elevation of serum IgE levels. DNCB-induced BALB/c mice model represented increase of IL-4 mRNA level. BALB/c mouse is advantageous AD model as compared to other animal model since it develops Th2-skewed immune response [32, 33].
In this study, we investigated the anti-AD effects of ADR using DNCB-applied BALB/c mice. We found that oral administration of ADR strongly suppressed DNCB-induced AD-like symptoms such as skin thickness. Normal skin was found to be 0.58 ± 0.12 mm (ranging from 0.46 to 0.84 mm), while DNCB-induced AD skin (negative control) was found to be 2.12 ± 0.27 mm (ranged from 1.92 to 2.66 mm). DNCB- induced AD skin orally treated with ADR was found to be 1.23 ± 0.21 mm (ranged from 0.92 to 1.48 mm). ADR also reduced infiltration of mast cells, inflammatory cells and CD4+ cells into the sensitized skin. Numbers of mast cells and inflammatory cells in AD mice were shown to be higher than those in normal mice. ADR decreased such infiltration of mast cells and inflammatory cells into skin. The level of CD4+ in DNCB-induced AD lesions in mice is higher than that in normal mice. ADR decreased the level of CD4+ cells within the skin
In AD skin, activated Th2 cells would produce IgE by releasing cytokines such as IL-4 [34, 35]. Associated Th2 inflammatory cytokine, such as IL-4 and IL-6 could promote the occurrence and development of inflammatory reactions [19, 36, 37]. In our study, ADR application decreased the serum levels of IgE, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 that are induced by DNCB treatment. DNCB increased the levels of IgE, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 while ADR inhibited such increases. ADR application reduced the DNCB-stimulated increases of the number of eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, lymphocytes and WBC. A subsequent oral administration of ADR lowered the increased number of WBCs, implicating ADR suppresses inflammatory responses by decreasing the number of WBCs in the blood Moreover, ADR reduced the levels of IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression. ADR exhibited decrease in mast cell recruitment and serum IgE levels. ADR reduced infiltration of CD4+ cells into mouse skin. ADR suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokine including IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α. DNCB increased the levels of IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α while ADR decreased such increases. These results suggest that ADR suppresses skin inflammation by inhibiting the DNCB-stimulated numerous inflammatory responses. Moreover, free radicals are unstable and independent but can be cause of many diseases including cancer and atopic dermatitis. ADR seems to act against free radicals by removing them [38, 39] Limitations of AD model is that animal study generates many differences from human study in terms of the anatomical, physiological, and immunological contributors. Moreover, it is difficult to establish chronic disease model in mice. Nevertheless, AD mice model is still important tool to investigate chronic disease for human being.
Our present study clearly demonstrates that ADR suppresses the progression of AD induced by DNCB. ADR significantly suppressed AD-like symptoms in BALB/c mice: ADR decreased skin thickness and spleen weight of mice. ADR reduced infiltration of mast cells, inflammatory cells and CD4+ cells into mouse skin. ADR lowered the number of WBCs in the blood of mice. ADR reduced the levels of IgE, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 in mice serum. ADR down-regulated mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α in mouse skin tissue. Therefore, ADR might be a useful drug for the treatment of AD. Our data indicates that ADR have a potential as a new drug for the suppression of AD.
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This work was supported by a grant from Korean Medicine R&D Project of the Ministry of Health and Welfare (HI12C1889 and HI13C0530).
Availability of data and materials
All data and materials are contained and described within the manuscript.
JMK carried out the experiment and drafting of manuscript. SHH and HIK revised the research and manuscript and assisted in the research work. HSS and YCS guided the research, revised and submitted the manuscript. S-GK supervised the research. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The authors declare that they have no competing interest.
Consent for publication
This section is not applicable in this research.
Animal experiments were approved by Kyung Hee university institutional animal care of use committee (Approval No. KHUASP(SE)-12-014).
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Cite this article
Ku, J.M., Hong, S.H., Kim, H.I. et al. Effects of Angelicae dahuricae Radix on 2, 4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in mice model. BMC Complement Altern Med 17, 98 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1584-8
- Atopic dermatitis
- Angelicae dahuricae Radix
- 2, 4-Dinitrocholrlbenzene
- BALB/c mice
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1.What affected you? Why?
2.What are your realizations?
3.What does it tell you as a student of Biology?
What affected me was seeing how the less fortunate were so easily satisfied and happy with just having leftover food. The children could not wait to get their hands on the food brought by one man from their community. Seeing how they happily yet hungrily feasted on the chicken pieces that other people had already consumed made me want to wish I could go to them and be able to give them proper food. Being part of the better-heeled sector of the society, we easily get what we want. We have food on our tables everyday, three times a day. We have proper shelter and proper clothing. Our needs are well provided for, even greater than that of what is necessary yet we take them for granted. The scene wherein the family said grace before partaking of the leftover that their father brought home for them really touched my heart. The things that we most often take for granted is seen by others as a blessing. We demand a lot of things but it never crossed our minds that there are those who wish they had what we have. Have we even thanked the Lord for the things, how little it may be that he has given us? I am not sure what the short film should tell me as a Biology student, aside from that I am required to watch it and make a paper about it because it is a requirement in the ETAR class that is part of the curriculum. However, being a student in itself and being a part of a society where the situation showed is held true, part of the realizations it brought to me was that I can do something to make the situation better. I could start by being part of an outreach program that provides food, education, etc. It does not matter whether what I do may be big or small, whether I get recognition for it or not. What is important is that I am able to impart something in their lives and share the blessings...
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Step-by-Step Earthbag Building This Instructable explains each main step of construction for building vertical earthbag walls. Videos on my Earthbag Natural Building YouTube channel demonstrate the process. For those who don’t know, earthbag building uses polypropylene rice bags or feed bags filled with soil or insulation that are stacked like masonry and tamped flat. Barbed wire between courses keeps bags from slipping and adds tensile strength. The final plastered walls look just like adobe structures. Thousands of people are now building with bags to create their dream homes, home offices, shops, resorts, rootcellars, storm cellars and survival shelters. I got involved with earthbag building when the Indian Ocean tsunami hit Southeast Asia in December, 2004. Our websites at EarthbagBuilding.com and Earthbag Building Blog explain just about everything you need to know for free.
Guide de l'habitat durable, informations fiables,utiles Guide complet sur l'habitat durable, la construction et l'écoconstruction, la rénovation avec annuaire géolocalisé de recherche d'artisan, de professionnel, d'entreprise et de constructeur de maison en France. Des devis de construction, devis artisan, devis travaux et devis de rénovation peuvent être demandés sur ce site. D'abord, comprendre pour aider aux bons choix alternatifs afin de trouver les intervenants qualifiés, pour construire une maison saine, respectueuse de l'environnement et agréable à vivre. Acqualys : deux sites en un : des pages explicatives sur l'habitat écologique, un annuaire des professionnels de la construction et de l'écoconstruction.
Eco-Dome: Moon Cocoon - Cal-Earth Building Designs The Eco-Dome is a small home design of approximately 400 square feet (40 sq. meters) interior space. It consists of a large central dome, surrounded by four smaller niches and a wind-scoop, in a clover leaf pattern. Learning and building an Eco-Dome is the next stage after building a small emergency shelter and provides hands-on learning experience in the essential aspects of Superadobe construction. It's small size of approximately 400 square feet (interior space), makes it a manageable structure for the first time owner builder. The finished "very small house" is self-contained and can become a small guest house, studio apartment, or be the first step in a clustered design for community use in an Eco-Village of vaults and domes. Built from local earth-filled Superadobe coils (earth stabilized with cement or lime).Tree free.Maximum use of space through alternative options. Note: The Eco-Dome plan is a part of the Cal-Earth educational and research program.
Couvertures végétales Toitures de chaume à l'archéosite gaulois de St Julien (31) Ce site a été autoconstruit durant 7 années par 3 personnes en retrouvant les techniques de construction utilisées par nos ancêtres les gaulois. Il est désormais ouvert au public avec démonstrations du travail du métal, tissage, fabrication de poteries, frappe de monnaie. Voir leur site Constructions sur poteaux d'acacia avec murs en terre sur clayonnage de noisetier et toitures en chaume de seigle cultivé à proximité. Toiture couverte de genetssous le brouillarddans l'Hérault (les murs sont en bottes de pailles avec enduit de terre) Toitures végétalisées avec des mottes de gazon ou des bottes de paille consulter aussi tecmat.com pour la végétalisation d'une toiture Fermer ARCHILIBRE: Page d'accueil / Menu
Earthbag Construction EarthBag Homes - you're standing on the building materials... earthbag home Long sandbags are filled on-site and arranged in layers or as compressed coils. Stabilizers such as cement, lime, or sodium carbonate may be added to an ideal mix of 70% sand, 30% clay. Straw may also be added. The earthbags are then plastered over with adobe. Arquitectura en Equilibrio (Architecture in Balance) flickr.com earthbag home Plastic bags recycled into plastic bags -- if plastic does not break down for a thousand years, this building is sure to last several lifetimes. earthbag construction Foundations differ as per site. earthbag construction The time consuming part, filling the bags. earthbag construction Testing the strength of an arch. earthbag home Project Seres, Guatemala. projectseres.org, flickr.com earthbag home CalEarth -- Emergency Shelter Village, Hesperia, California. earthbag home Cal Earth -- Emergency Shelters. earthbag home CalEarth let the layers show. Resources: Lessons: More Pictures:
Construire en terre ‹ Ecoterre Pourquoi construire en terre aujourd’hui? a construction en terre crue est beaucoup plus actuelle qu’il n’y paraît au premier abord, puisqu’elle répond à la fois aux enjeux techniques, environnementaux et sociaux de l’architecture contemporaine. Un matériau de structure, assurant un bon confort thermique Ce matériau, utilisé en structure et en enduit peut être aisément associé aux produits plus contemporains tels que le verre, le béton, la pierre ou le bois et convient à des constructions à étages ou parasismiques. Le matériau terre présente des propriétés physiques et thermiques intéressantes pour des bâtiments recevant du public. Par ailleurs, la terre joue un rôle important dans le confort climatique des occupants en régulant le taux d’humidité de l’air grâce à sa capacité d’absorption et de restitution de la vapeur d’eau. Un matériau économique, sain et recyclable Des techniques à forte « intensité sociale » Les principales techniques Adobes Blocs de terre comprimée Pisé Terre- paille
Triple Dome Survival Shelter « Earthbag House Plans April 12, 2011 by Owen Geiger Triple Dome Survival Shelter (click to enlarge) Specifications: Three 16′ interior diameter domes with 603 sq. ft. interior, 3 sleeping lofts with 312 sq. ft., total 915 sq. ft. interior, one bedroom, one bath, Footprint: 38′ x 38′ Description: This Triple Dome Survival Shelter provides much more space than my first earthbag survival shelter. Like this: Like Loading... An Earthbag Round House For Less Than $5,000 Looking for a very stable design which does not only come cheap from the start but also makes you save money in the long run. Due to its shape and materials used, the earthbag house has less area than your normal home, so it’s cheaper to keep it supplied with energy. Don’t be scared if you never built circular structures before, because the example shown here used a technique called the compass arm which you can easily learn. Recycled or salvaged materials were used wherever it was possible, like in the door or on the floor. The tutorial has photos showcasing almost each step of the building process so if you decide to replicate the project, use it to help and guide you along the way. Starting on the rubble trench foundation. Covering over our sediment fabric with pea gravel. Two rows of stem wall – 80 lb sack concrete. 2 strands of barbed wire go between every row. Firewood used to hold the barbed wire in place. Door frame up. A strip anchor to hold the door in place.
Earth Domes | Earthflow Playscapes | SuperAdobe | Playground Equipment | Earth Bag Buildings | Rammed Earth | Playscapes - Small Earth Of Earth and Domes: Hesperia's Cal-Earth Sustainable Architecture | San Bernardino Weekly Vote WinnerArtbound's editorial team has reviewed and rated the most compelling weekly articles. After putting two articles up for a vote, the audience chose this article to be made into a short-format documentary. The California Institute of Earth Architecture or Cal-Earth appears like some alien subdivision dropped out from space into one of those ubiquitous cookie-cutter suburban starter home communities in the urbanized southwestern Mojave Desert. To reach the Cal-Earth training/test site in Hesperia, one must first past through several streets of nearly identical homes with virtually the same SUV parked in front. When I looked for it, I felt lost amid these cookie cutter homes, but then suddenly, the Cal-Earth complex emerged with its array of exotic beehive-like adobe domes behind a chain-link fence. Backside of the Earth One Vaulted Home Design. | Photo: Kim Stringfellow. Construction of the Karabti San Eco-Dome Construction in Djibouti. Photo: Kim Stringfellow.
Dream Green Homes: Earthbag Plans An Earthbag Round House For Less Than $5,000 Looking for a very stable design which does not only come cheap from the start but also makes you save money in the long run. Due to its shape and materials used, the earthbag house has less area than your normal home, so it’s cheaper to keep it supplied with energy. Don’t be scared if you never built circular structures before, because the example shown here used a technique called the compass arm which you can easily learn. Recycled or salvaged materials were used wherever it was possible, like in the door or on the floor. The tutorial has photos showcasing almost each step of the building process so if you decide to replicate the project, use it to help and guide you along the way. At the end you will have the comfort of 450 ft² with less than $5,000 spent overall. Starting on the rubble trench foundation. Covering over our sediment fabric with pea gravel. Two rows of stem wall – 80 lb sack concrete. 2 strands of barbed wire go between every row. Door frame up.
One Natural Builder's Next Big Adventure Called: The Fossil Fuel-Free House Morgan Caraway is a natural builder, homesteader, intentional community co-founder and author. In 2009 his wife, Mary Jane, and he moved on to a piece of undeveloped land in the Blue Ridge Mountains and began a homesteading adventure. Theye built a yurt, earthbag house and a cordwood bath house. Please help them in this IndieGoGo campaign. Our first earthbag house. In our 7 years of living off-grid, we've learned a lot and we will put all of this knowledge and more into our most ambitious project yet - a fossil fuel-free house that uses passive solar design, thermal mass and hydronics (heated floors) to stay comfortable year-round without burning ANY fossil-fuels. Over a lifetime, conventionally built modern houses use an extreme amount of energy to heat and cool them. This will be a do-it-yourself, owner-built home and we plan to share what we've learned with other builders and permaculture enthusiasts.
Insulated Earthbag Foundations for Yurts Note: If you’re new to earthbag building, first read the introductory Step-by-Step Earthbag Building and How to Build an Earthbag Roundhouse . This Instructable includes complete step-by-step instructions on how to make an insulated earthbag foundation. You can use the same process to make insulated foundations for any type of structure – straw bale, earthbag, cordwood, etc. Yurts or gers are very efficient and practical in harsh, cold climates, as evidenced by centuries of use in Mongolia. Many people build their yurts on a raised wooden platform to reduce moisture problems. In addition to the many other uses for earthbags (retaining walls, domes, rootcellars, houses, etc.), you can build insulated foundations by filling the bags with insulation such as scoria. For those who live in Canada or similar climates, you might want to follow the Earth-Sheltered Solar Canadian blog , who’s planning to build an insulated earthbag foundation that’s suitable for extremely cold climates.
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Oak Wilt: The Danger of Underground Roots Versus Overground Insects
Blog - June 06, 2022
Oak wilt is a deadly disease that can quickly kill your oak trees. There are two ways that the disease typically spreads. In this blog post, we will explore both of these situations and the dangers of each.
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Having Excel and just using it for standard spreadsheets is a little like getting the ultimate cable system and a 50” flat panel plasma HDTV and using it exclusively to watch Lawrence Welk reruns. With Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) programming, you can take advantage of numerous Excel options such as: creating new worksheet functions; automating tasks and operations; creating new appearances, toolbars, and menus; designing custom dialog boxes and add-ins; and much more. This guide is not for rank Excel amateurs. It’s for intermediate to advanced Excel users who want to learn VBA programming (or whose bosses want them to learn VBA programming). You need to know your way around Excel before you start creating customized short cuts or systems for speeding through Excel functions. If you’re an intermediate or advanced Excel user, Excel VBA For Dummies helps you take your skills (and your spreadsheets) to the next level. It includes: An introduction to the VBA language A hands-on, guided, step-by-step walk through developing a useful VBA macro, including recording, testing, and changing it, and testing it The essential foundation, including the Visual Basic Editor (VBE) and its components, modules, Excel object model, subroutines and functions, and the Excel macro recorder The essential VBA language elements, including comments, variables and constants, and labels Working with Range objects and discovering useful Range objective properties and methods Using VBA and worksheet functions, including a list and examples Programming constructions, including the GoTo statement, the If-Then structure, Select Case, For-Next loop, Do-While loop, and Do-Until loop Automatic procedures and Workbook events, including a table and event-handler procedures Error-handling and bug extermination techniques, and using the Excel debugging tools Creating custom dialog boxes, also known as UserForms, with a table of the toolbox controls and their capabilities, how-to for the dialog box controls, and UserForm techniques and tricks Customizing the Excel toolbars Using VBA code to modify the Excel menu system Creating worksheet functions and working with various types of arguments Creating Excel add-ins such as new worksheet functions you can use in formulas or new commands or utilities Author John Walkenbach is a leading authority on spreadsheet software and the author of more than 40 spreadsheet books including Excel 2003 Bible and Excel 2003 Power Programming with VBA. While this guide includes tons of examples and screenshots, Walkenbach knows there’s no substitute for hands-on learning. The book is complete with: A dedicated companion Web site that includes bonus chapters plus all sample programs to save you a lot of typing and let you play around and experiment with various changes Information to help you make the most of Excel’s built-in Help system so you can find out other stuff you may need to know What are you waiting for? Sure, learning to do VBA programming takes a little effort, but it’s a Very Big Accomplishment.
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Dear Clients and Friends,
In the early 1980’s, corporate executives at IBM and AT&T predicted that global demand for personal computers would top 1,000 units and there will only be 2,000 subscribers for wireless phones. The world is a different place now. And yet, we hear echoes from the past where sceptics in our industry say change will come slowly and incrementally, if at all. Healthcare, they claim, is different and it would be difficult to make sweeping changes to the industry quickly. But the reality is different. Not only is change coming quickly, but remarkably, it is being embraced by both practitioners and patients, and reinforced by visionary entrepreneurs determined to shake up the system. One example that can give us a glimpse of the future is the emerging technology of blockchains. This technology has the potential to single handedly squeeze hundreds of billions of dollars of costs out of the system, giving us more reason to hope for an inclusive and affordable healthcare system.
Blockchains are essentially an open source distributed data base structure that use state of the art cryptography. The technology allows collaboration and exchange of data among related parties where tracking of all transactions and interactions are highly secured, underpinned with genuine privacy protection; a platform for truth and trust. They are designed to enable disparate systems to exchange data creating connectivity between multiple networks – weaving together systems and networks to provide a distributed database for managing unique digital assets. The exchange of data residing in EHRs seem to be a natural place to start — it’s all about facilitating the move from paper to digital to network clusters and ultimately to a single interoperability “engine”.
If providers, payers and patients had access to the same global “spreadsheet”, namely the EHR, imagine the savings that we could drive from this technology. Payers and providers spend $300B annually on administrative functions related to data access and exchange, reconciliation of payments and fraud. Blockchains have the ability to put a serious dent in that spend. And we will undoubtedly see a significant rise in quality of care and patient satisfaction. The good news is that companies are already working on developing a purpose built healthcare blockchain. They are building a specific programmable communication layer that can connect a variety of our data sources to blockchains, facilitating the first steps of adoption.
Blockchains give us a real chance, another go to try to save our bloated healthcare system. We don’t like to think of the technology as a disruptor but more as an organic necessity that takes advantage of the emerging trends in disintermediation and democratization of data sharing. If anybody tells you that the use of blockchains in healthcare is a pipe dream, remind them that most predictions about technology adoption have been grossly underestimated. We promise you won’t lose this bet!
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About 7.5 percent of U.S. adults lost money as a result of financial fraud last year, mostly due to data breaches, according to a new Gartner study to be released on Tuesday night.
In the survey of nearly 5,000 consumers, 70 percent said they had never been a victim of identity theft fraud. Meanwhile 14 percent said they had had their credit card information used to charge purchases or get money, 7 percent said their debit card was used, 6 percent said a new account had been opened in their name, 5 percent had money transferred out of their account, and 4 percent had had checks forged.
Recovering losses was easier for people victimized by brokerage, credit card, and debit card account fraud compared to victims of new loan account fraud, check forgery, and checking/savings account fraud, partly because victims didn't try to recover money.
Of those who had new accounts opened in their name, 35 percent suffered from a damaged credit rating and slightly more than half were able to restore their rating, usually in less than one month. For about 20 percent it took more than a year, and for 9 percent it took three to five years, the survey found.
Overall, less than one-third of the victims reported the crimes to law enforcement and about 5 percent reported it to the U.S. Federal Trade Commission.
Not only do many victims not report the crime, but many of the crimes go unprosecuted. There were only 564 convictions made for about 800 identity-theft-related fraud cases in 2007, according to the National Institute of Justice's Electronic Crime Program, a part of the U.S. Justice Department.
"The chances of a criminal getting arrested and convicted for identity theft-related fraud are much less than a half of 1 percent," the study said.
Not surprisingly, the survey found that financial fraud victims were twice as likely to change their behavior as a result of security incidents as the average consumer. Many of them opt to use PayPal because they believe it is more secure, the survey found.
The study also looked at why people switch banks and concluded that security and financial health of a bank were of about equal importance to consumers, said Gartner analyst Avivah Litan.
Six percent said they changed banks as a result of their security concerns, compared to 5 percent who cited concerns regarding the financial health of their banks. Twenty-eight percent said they switched banks after being victims of checking/savings account transfer fraud, and 21 percent cited excessive fees.
Afound that identity theft was by far the biggest complaint to the agency, representing 26 percent of total problems reported.
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A Christmas Carol : and Other Christmas Writings And Other Christmas Writings Paperback
A Christmas Carol and Other Christmas Writings collects stories of matchless charm and enduring popularity that enchanted listeners at Charles Dickens's public readings.
This Penguin Classics is edited with an introduction and notes by Michael Slater. Since it was first published in 1843 A Christmas Carol has had an enduring influence on the way we think about the traditions of Christmas.
Dickens's story of solitary miser Ebenezer Scrooge, who is taught the true meaning of Christmas by the three ghosts of Christmas past, present and future, has been adapted into countless film and stage versions since it was first published.
Dickens's other Christmas writings collected here include 'The Story of the Goblins who Stole a Sexton', the short story from The Pickwick Papers on which A Christmas Carol was based; The Haunted Man, a tale of a man tormented by painful memories; along with shorter pieces, some drawn from the 'Christmas Stories' that Dickens wrote annually for his weekly journals.
In all of them Dickens celebrates the season as one of geniality, charity and remembrance. This new selection contains an introduction by distinguished Dickens scholar Michael Slater discussing how the author has shaped ideas about the Christmas spirit, original illustrations by 'Phiz' and John Leech, an appendix on Dickens's use of The Arabian Nights, a further reading list and explanatory notes. Charles Dickens is one of the best-loved novelists in the English language, whose 200th anniversary was celebrated in 2012.
His most famous books, including Oliver Twist, Great Expectations, A Tale of Two Cities, David Copperfield and The Pickwick Papers, have been adapted for stage and screen and read by millions.
If you enjoyed A Christmas Carol and Other Christmas Writings, you might like Dickens's The Pickwick Papers, also available in Penguin Classics.
- Format: Paperback
- Pages: 336 pages, illustrations, notes
- Publisher: Penguin Books Ltd
- Publication Date: 30/10/2003
- Category: Anthologies (non-poetry)
- ISBN: 9780140439052
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Having an accurate estimate of the volume of sales that are likely to close, facilitates the smooth operation of many other business departments. The ‘leads to sales ratio’ is a measure that can guide the efficiency of the production and purchasing functions. While it is only ever an estimateand businesses should never completely rely on this figure, it is worth keeping an eye on.
So, how are sales projections calculated? The more historical data available, the more accurate the forecast will be.
Define Your Leads
For the purposes of estimating sales, only count ‘leads’ that have been issued with a quotation. Categorise them further by how ‘warm’ they are in terms of likelihood to buy. You could use a percentage measurement or even colour code them.
Record the number of leads from each stage of the sales funnel that turn into sales and how long they took to do so. As mentioned, the longer that this is done for, the more accurate and valuable the information is.
Note additional trends such as:
- Do lower value purchases convert quicker?
- Is the product more popular at certain times of the year, Christmas etc.?
- Do your customers typically have to spend their budgets by a certain date, e.g. public sector organisations?
Calculate the Ratio
The formula for determining the sales leads to sales closed ratio is as follows:
Total number of closed sales / Number of leads X 100
15 closed sales / 25 leads X 100 = 60%
This means that on average, from 100 sales leads, 60 convert into sales.
If applicable, it may be useful to apply this calculation for various price ranges as the conversion rate may vary depending on the value. For example, you may discover that sales worth under £50,000 have a higher conversion rate than those worth over £50,000.
Past sales are a good indicator of future demand. Once you have determined the percentage of qualified sales quotes that usually turn into orders, you can apply this calculation to your current sales pipeline. Combine the total units of each stock item required for production to enable advance bulk buying.
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5 Things to Know About Credit Unions
People helping people.
Big banks are just that … big, while bank customers are just that … customers. If you’re looking for a way to manage your money at a more community-oriented establishment that always keeps members in mind, turn to a credit union. While banks have long been known to deliver the technological conveniences, the tide has changed. Credit unions now offer the same high-tech conveniences as banks while continuing to provide tailored services with a personal touch.
Here are 5 benefits of belonging to a credit union:
Membership (ownership) versus being a customer
Banks are for-profit organizations owned by shareholders who have voting rights based on the shares they own. Credit unions are not-for-profit, member-owned organizations and regularly pool resources to provide better services for members. And, credit unions return profits back to members through:
Banks are organized to make money for shareholders by distributing net proceeds to shareholders only. As not-for-profit organizations, credit unions distribute net proceeds in the form of lower fees, higher returns on savings rates, and lower borrowing rates. These perks apply to:
- Savings and checking accounts
- Lines of credit
Effective loyalty programs
Credit unions set themselves apart by helping members save money on products and services. Members shopping locally for everyday items can enjoy:
- Purchase rewards
- Member discounts
- Access to 30,000+ surcharge-free ATMs nationwide through the CO-OP® Network
Increased community involvement
Credit unions invest resources in the communities where current and potential members live and work. They are committed to helping improve each member’s financial and overall well-being. There’s a reason the credit union industry motto is “people helping people.” Credit unions regularly:
- Contribute to charities and fundraisers
- Get involved with local schools
- Provide community financial education
Commitment to member satisfaction
Credit unions are often rated higher in overall satisfaction, compared to all other financial institutions, because they offer:
- Financial education and support
- Business planning tactics
- Alternative lending services
As a member-owned financial institution, we continue to maintain our strong community ties and concentrate our efforts on serving the needs of our members and community. We are dedicated to making banking easier for all Californians, and we hope you’ll choose us to for all your financial needs.
All materials contained herein are for general informational purposes only and do not constitute tax or legal advice.
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Disability Insurance: things you need to know
One of the valuable benefits offered by many large companies is coverage for the possibility you may become unable to perform your job, and the subsequent loss of income you may suffer. It is your income protection plan against disability caused by injury or illness, and being unable to perform normal day-to-day functions such as bathing, dressing or eating.
There are different coverages in three main areas: Impairment – a body function or structure problem, such as heart. Activity – difficulty in executing a task or action, such as eating or dressing yourself. Participation – a problem in engaging in a life situation, such as being unable to work.
For some, this policy may provide a good sense of security. However, there are a number of factors you should be aware of – whether you belong to a company disability benefits policy or have organised your own insurance in that regard.
Disability Insurance Facts
Sometimes statistics are not our friend, and many people avoid thinking about the future with anything other than positive expectation. However, did you know that anybody over the age of 35 has a 50% chance of disability for 90 days or more before they turn 65? That’s a statistic you should be quite clear about before you decide to skip the disability notion.
- Disability insurance can be paid out as a lump sum, or as a monthly income benefit until retirement age, either 60 or 65, depending on your choice of coverage. You should know your policy rules and limitations, in order to avoid disappointment, should the time arise when you may need to claim.
- A lump-sum benefit is typically only paid out when you are permanently disabled, whereas income benefits can provide for both temporary and permanent disability.
- Many employees think their chance of being disabled for three months or more is only 1%. In fact, 1 in 5 believes they are more likely to win the Lottery than become disabled. In reality, approximately one out of seven people who are between the ages of 35 – 65 can expect to become disabled for five years or longer. In fact, more than 1 in 4 could experience disability lasting three months or longer before they hit retirement age.
- The most common medical conditions listed for limiting your ability to work are back disorders, followed by heart disease, mental disorders, and arthritis. Accidents, contrary to expectation, are not the main cause. So that annual visit to the doc is essential in knowing where you stand health-wise, as an employee, and with regard to the benefits, you may qualify for.
- Most people are better prepared financially in the case of death rather than disability – and yet the chances of the latter are 3 times greater. Many foreclosures on mortgages are brought about by a disability, a much greater percentage than death.
- A fair percentage of people do not carry long-term disability insurance, and may even refuse the company’s package because they think the eventuality is unlikely, and they prefer to take the premium money home. And yet there are thousands of adults who daily experience a disability that prevents them from working.
- Premiums paid or income disability cover are taxable whereas the benefit is tax-free. However, if you purchase an Individual policy, you have choices and plans that can be tax-free. Talk to a reputable financial advisor before you make decisions.
- Applying for government disability may mean that you will need to have worked for a minimum of ten years before such a pension can be granted. Keep up to date with changing regulations. The requirements are strict and only about 40% of applications might be successful.
- Because of child-birth and increased risk of heart disease, women are at the biggest risk of being out of work for more than three months.
- Most people, no matter their income, spend 60%to 70% of their cash flow. This means you will need to secure a disability income that will come close to covering this income spend – or what is absolutely essential for covering your commitments. When you look at this objectively, you will realise that one year of being disabled without an income could deplete your savings in a very short time.
Empfin Solutions – the team that keeps your team happy
We’re an Old Mutual franchise and are always striving to be a trusted partner in facilitating financial solutions for organisations and individuals, our dedicated team of fully accredited, experienced professionals have a passion for satisfying customer needs and providing a truly client-centric service.
Find out how you can benefit at: www.empfinsolutions.com
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By Tonya DuBois
Summer is the perfect time to work on enhancing your college resume. The first thing you’ll want to do is consider your personal brand. What are the main threads that will run throughout your entire college application? What is the academic or extra-curricular area that interests you most and that you are most passionate about? Whatever those common themes are going to be throughout your application, they should be reinforced with your summer activities. If well-aligned with your personal brand, these summer activities will enhance your resume and demonstrate to the college that this interest is authentic. Plus, if you are doing what you love, the activities will be fun, engaging, and lead to self-improvement.
You’ll note that most of the ideas I mention below have online alternatives available if in-person activities aren’t possible for you this summer. Every high school student is facing the same challenges you are so be creative, go virtual if necessary, but definitely don’t use our current circumstances as an excuse to skip participating in valuable summer activities.
Here are some summer activities that can boost your resume:
• Summer Camps – There are all sorts of camps available – local, online, or college camps – with various themes from academic subjects to the arts or athletics.
o It possible, I encourage you to consider an online or in person camp at a college that interests you – you will get to experience the college, build a relationship with professors, demonstrate interest to the college, and there will be a record of how you performed in that camp if the admission office wishes to access it. If it’s an athletic camp, you will get a good look for potential recruitment and you’ll see if the coach seems to be a good fit for you.
o Otherwise, consider any camp that will help you to enhance your knowledge on a subject of interest, develop an existing skill, or build a new one.
• College Classes – College courses can be taken online or in person, at a college you may wish to attend, or at a local college near you. Assuming you do well, a college course can help you demonstrate college readiness.
o If attending at a college you are considering, it offers many of the same advantages mentioned above, enabling you to get a sense of the school, develop relationships, demonstrate interest, etc.
o If you are taking a course at any college, there are so many benefits – deeper content knowledge on a subject of interest, experience on a college campus or in a virtual learning environment, learning how to interact with professors during office hours, and working with college-level students on group projects.
o If traditional college courses are a bit too costly, then consider a site like Coursera.com – this is a fantastic resource for all sorts of FREE courses on various subjects.
• Internships or shadowing opportunities – An internship is meant to provide practical work experience for beginners in a particular occupation (it may be paid or unpaid). And, shadowing allows you to observe professionals doing their job.
o Not only do internships and shadowing experiences look good on your resume, but they help you determine if you are going down the right path for the major or career you are considering.
o Keep in mind your hours per week and weeks per year. A 20 hour/week internship for 8 weeks of summer is preferable to a one-week shadowing opportunity, and shows a deeper level of commitment.
o A good place to find these opportunities is through family friends, the local chamber of commerce, a local college career office, or cold calling businesses that may fit your particular niche. Even online job search platforms, such as Indeed.com, often post internships that are available in your area.
• Part-time job – Any job that is a significant commitment (20+ hours per week) is held in high regard by admission officers, especially if you are also working during the academic year, which may or may not be possible.
o If you are artsy, work at a craft store; if you are athletic, work the front desk at a gym; if you are a techy, work in a web design role. Whatever you pick, try your best to find a job that aligns with your personal brand. And, ideally, one you can do all year round.
• Community Service – You’ll want to pick a worthy cause that aligns with your personal brand and allows you to engage with your community in a meaningful way.
o If you want to be a political science major, then volunteering on a political campaign is a great idea; want to be a vet, volunteering at an animal shelter is smart; or a teacher, volunteering at a summer camp would be a great idea.
o Once you decide on an organization that fits you well – stick with it for multiple summers or multiple years, if you can – it’s both more personally fulfilling and also makes for a better resume, showing a significant commitment to one organization or cause that aligns with your interests.
o If you are not sure where to find local service opportunities, I suggest your local United Way website, or your high school guidance office.
o You could also consider starting a service project of your own – a popular one this year was making and donating masks. Starting your own service endeavor demonstrates leadership, initiative and takes doing community service to the next level.
• Learn a new skill – Any new skill is a plus, especially if it aligns with your brand!
o Suppose you want to be a fashion designer but don’t know how to sew, or an architect but have never used Revit or AutoCAD. What if you’ve always wanted to learn to speak Russian, but they don’t offer that language at your school. Or, maybe you want to add expert cake decorator to your culinary skills, or learn a new instrument. These can all enhance your resume.
• Learn professional skills – There are some practical business skills that you simply don’t learn in high school.
o If you want to go into finance, for example, you are going to need to become an expert at Excel, so take a class. Or, if you want work in public relations one day, you may want to take a course in public speaking.
o Check out Lynda.com for reasonably-priced professional courses.
• Engage in Academic Research – By working with a local professor you may be a part of research that gets published in an academic journal – this would be a very powerful summer activity for a high school student!
o Reach out to local college professors in your area of interest and see if they need summer assistance on any research in your future major. It may just be data entry, but still wonderful experience to be involved in research in the subject area that may be your future major. Plus, you have a new contact in your area of academic interest.
• Become an entrepreneur – Running any business is a wonderful learning experience – having both successes and failures to learn from – working on a diverse set of practical skills, such as marketing, sales, and accounting.
o Dog walking, yard care, tutoring, or jewelry making might be fun choices, if they align well with your personal brand.
o A way to take your business to the next level is to start a website or social media pages, develop a business or marketing plan, and track and analyze your data – how many customers did you reach, how many people did you engage through social media, how much money did you make, how many events did you host, how many products did you sell – Keeping the data helps you tell a really good story (and, it also helps you to measure your success).
• Get certified – There are all sorts of certificates that demonstrate commitment that are available to teenagers.
o Become CPR/first aid certified, become lifeguard or get SCUBA certified, or earn certificates in various Microsoft products.
o Check out LinkedIn’s learning certificate courses available online; they cover a wide range of topics that may interest you.
• Enter contests – If you can be competitive and earn awards in a state-wide or even national competition it will give your awards and honors section a significant boost.
o Creative writing and photography lend themselves particularly well to online competitions. But also consider competitions in science fairs, robotics, trivia, or digital design.
• Travel – Perhaps your family spends a lot of time traveling over the summer and you are wondering how you can leverage that for your college resume.
o If you experience a new culture, journal or blog about what you’ve learned.
o Consider creating a travel channel on YouTube or a photo journal of your travels on Instagram. You will have a whole body of work that demonstrates that you’ve deeply reflected on the experience and you could also demonstrate your marketing skills, if you get the kind of reach and number of followers that are impressive.
o Additionally, there are often service opportunities that you could do with your family while traveling abroad, through reputable companies. Volunteerforever.com is a great resource.
• Start something new – Any time you start something new, it shows leadership and initiative.
o Depending on your personal brand, you may want to start a neighborhood book club, or a weekly chalk walk, or a community movie night.
o Think about a succession plan so the activity has good leadership and lives on even after you go off to college.
• College Research, SAT/ACT Prep, Online or Campus Visits – while these may not enhance your resume, per se, don’t forget to budget yourself some time for these important college-related tasks, too!
I hope these ideas help you consider ways that you can build your college resume over the summer. I recommend picking approximately 2 of the types of activities I suggested above, do them fully and do them well. Otherwise, if you try to do too many, you’ll spread yourself way too thin. Do not wait until the summer before senior year to get started. Every single summer of high school should be approached strategically with self-improvement, personal brand, and the college application all in mind.
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Surgery is not an easy thing to deal with, and the recovery portion is extremely important. Every patient wants this process to be quick, and physiotherapy can help in this regard. This type of treatment can significantly improve your recovery process after surgery, and the following are just some of the reasons why you should consider physiotherapy:
It Will Reduce The Amount Of Scar Tissue From Surgery
Scar tissue will form around joints, muscles, tendons, and ligaments due to inflammation and irritation, making it very difficult for you to move that area. Once scar tissue forms, it will become solidified and is therefore difficult and painful to break. A physiotherapist can help you move the areas that have been affected by surgery, which will cause less scar tissue to develop, so you will experience less pain during your recovery.
It Will Allows You To Move Safely And Comfortably In A Shorter Amount Of Time
A physiotherapist can start the therapy process as quickly as 24 hours within the time of surgery, and patients who begin to move right after surgery will recover faster than those who choose to rest. The sooner you begin your treatments, the faster you will recover, so you will improve the outcome of the situation. If you want to move safely and comfortably after your surgery, physiotherapy is the answer.
It Will Teach You About The Right Movements
Physiotherapists are experts when it comes to movement, so they will prescribe exercises that are suitable for your situation. They will assess your movement capabilities and will discuss your surgery to help you create a plan that will allow you to achieve your goals. Even if it may seem too soon for movement, you will be able to trust the skills and expertise of a physiotherapist because they will recommend only what is appropriate. When you commit to their plan and follow their recommendations, your recovery process will be much faster, and you will be able to return to optimal health.
Patients require surgery for different reasons, and whatever the case may be, physiotherapy can help with your recovery process. This treatment will provide you with the relief you need because a physiotherapist will prescribe techniques that will help you move comfortably once again. You will start to feel like your old self in no time, so if you have surgery coming up, it is a must that you schedule physiotherapy appointments as well.
If you are looking for help, Anchor Health & Fitness can provide you with more information. We care about your health and will do whatever it takes to help you lead a healthier lifestyle. If you’d like more information and are ready for change, contact us today!
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Sheet Music: Score
Four fugues for piano / Richard Peter Maddox.
by Richard Peter Maddox (1999)
Published by: Keys Press — 1 score (13p. -- A4 (portrait))
Difficulty: Medium — AMEB Grades 6-7.
Duration: 7 min.
Includes composer biography.
Copyright held by Richard Maddox.
Manuscript with composer.
First performed by Richard Maddox, at Armidale Music Foundation, on 6 July 2000 -- Composer's note.
Keys Press: KP 0140.
This is a handwritten edition — it is not typeset.
- Browse other works published by Keys Press
- Browse other works for Solo Piano
- Browse other works by Richard Peter Maddox
Be the first to share your thoughts, opinions and insights about this item.
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A photographer named George Moua designed and 3D printed a special lens that enables ordinary digital cameras to take 3D photos. This novel “three-dimensional twisting lens” is FDM printed with PETG, which enables full-frame mirrorless cameras to take three-dimensional twisting photography, that is, superimposing still images together, giving people an illusion similar to 3D GIF animation . So far, this effect can only be achieved with dedicated retro film cameras, but the popularity of 3D Printing technology means that digital photographers can now also achieve this effect.
The special thing about Moua’s 3D printed lens is that it enables users to achieve the same effect with a digital camera for the first time. The original version contained three 30mm lenses, each capable of projecting a slightly different angle of view onto the full-frame sensor of the digital Sony camera. These perspectives can then be digitally “cut” and rolled like the frame of a physical movie reel to create a 3D swing effect. He currently only designs lenses compatible with Sony full-frame E-mount, Sony APS-c E-mount and Fuji X-mount cameras, but also plans to modify the lens for Canon cameras.
As shown by Moua, 3D printing technology can increase the originality of DIY to new heights. Recently, technology netizen befinitiv used a low-cost 3D printer to turn a 50-year-old analog camera into a digital camera. By replacing the retro Cosina Hi-Lite DLR film roll with a Raspberry Pi and its 3D printed case, the content creator was able to bring modern full HD image and video recording capabilities to his camera.
Link to this article：This 3D printed lens gives digital cameras the ability to take 3D photos
Reprint Statement: If there are no special instructions, all articles on this site are original. Please indicate the source for reprinting.：ODM Wiki，thanks
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Q: I like to review Word documents in Full Screen Reading view, but when I catch typos or want to make changes, I must switch back to Print Layout view to make those changes. Is there a different option that allows me to read more text on the screen, yet edit the text at the same time?
A: Word’s Full Screen Reading view quickly suppresses the menus and positions two sequential pages side by side, enabling you to view more text. By default, this view does not allow editing, but you can enable editing as follows. In Full Screen Reading view, click the View Options dropdown button in the top-right corner, and select Allow Typing.
This will allow you to make changes in Full Screen Reading view. Also shown in the screen image above, additional options allow you to temporarily increase or decrease the text size for better readability, without actually changing the text size in the document. Further, related to the previous question, the Margin Settings option provides the ability to Suppress Margins, as shown below.
(If the Suppress Margins option is grayed out, select the option Show Printed Page to make the Suppress Margins option available.)
More from the JofA:
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This may be the ultimate ecosystem service. The NC State University Insect Museum blog reports from a new study that calculated the worth of insects to agriculture:
"Looks like insects' total contributions to agriculture amount to €153,000,000,000 ($216,372,000,000), which is almost 10% of the value of all human food worldwide."O M G That is some serious figures! Go to the NC State Insect Museum blog to get the details and the link to the study. Bookmark it too, it is an excellent blog!
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Learning Exercise: The Rutherford B. Hayes Administration
Most of the focus on the administration of President Rutherford B. Hayes has been on the election of 1876. This assignment is designed to draw attention to the four years that Hayes served.
Date Last Modified:
Instructions: Click "go to material." Click "Research and Collections." Click "Hayes Historical Journal." Read the following articles: "The Search for the Hayes Administration by Kenneth E. Davison, Fall 1978, Volume II, # 2; "Contemporary Estimates of President Hayes" compiled by Editors, Fall 1978, Volume II, # 2; "The First Days of the Hayes Administration: Inauguration to Easter Sunday 1877" by Webb C. Hayes and Watt Marchman, Fall 1977, Volume 1, # 4; and "Rutherford B. Hayes: Real and Substantial Greatness" by Ari Hoogenbone, Spring 1988, Volume 7, # 3. Write a 5-7 page paper evaluating the Hayes presidency.
- College General Ed
- College Lower Division
- College Upper Division
- High School
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AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC has a responsibility to ensure to make provision for children, young people and vulnerable adults and must ensure that:
- the welfare of the child, young person or vulnerable adult is paramount
- all children and vulnerable adults, whatever their age, culture, disability, gender, language, racial origin religious beliefs and/or sexual identity have the right to protection from abuse
- the rights, wishes and feelings of children, young people and vulnerable adults, and their families are respected and listened to
- all suspicions and allegations of abuse and poor practice will be taken seriously and responded to swiftly and appropriately.
AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Child and Vulnerable Adult Protection Policy aims to ensure that the actions of any person in the context of the work carried out by Global Vision International are transparent and safeguard and promote the welfare of all children and vulnerable adults associated with the organisation. The Policy provides guidance on appropriate standards, including reducing any opportunities for abuse, harm or bullying, volunteers, members and participant recruitment and training, behaviour towards children and vulnerable adults, professional boundaries, ethical behaviour, acceptable and unacceptable relationships, how to avoid or better manage difficult situations and how to report suspicions, allegations or incidents.
- This code (AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Child and Vulnerable Adult Protection Policy version.2021.2)
- We continually undertake formal training and recommendations based on international best practice.
- All volunteers, members and participants working with young people must be trained in, and follow, the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Child and Vulnerable Adult Protection Policy.
- The Policy is publicly available on our website
Framework for communication
All AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC volunteers, members and participants have a duty to report any suspicions, allegations or incidents of abuse. Volunteers, members and participants are not trained to deal with situations of abuse or to decide if abuse has occurred and should record the details as accurately as possible and immediately refer any suspicions, allegations or incidents to AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC’s Child Protection Officer in the first instance, who will consider the information and decide upon the next steps.
AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC has a duty of care to safeguard all children and vulnerable adults involved in AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC from harm. All children and people have a right to protection, and the needs of disabled children and others who may be particularly vulnerable must be taken into account. AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC will ensure the safety and protection of all children and vulnerable adults involved in AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC through adherence to the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Child and Vulnerable Adults Protection guidelines adopted by AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC and described below.
AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC maintains a zero-tolerance policy for the sexual abuse of children or vulnerable adults by AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC volunteers, members, contractors, subcontractors and participants in their care. Anyone found guilty of such an offence will be subject to immediate dismissal and prosecution within the law of the relevant jurisdiction.
A child is defined as a person under the age of 18 (The Children Act 1989).
A vulnerable adult is defined as a person who is or may be in need of community care services by reason of mental or other disability, age or illness, and who is or may be unable to take care of him or herself, or unable to protect him or herself against significant harm or exploitation.
The aim of the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Child and Vulnerable Adult Protection Policy is to promote good practice:
- providing children and vulnerable adults with appropriate safety and protection whilst in the care of AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC
- allow and helping all volunteers, members and participants to make informed and confident responses to specific child and vulnerable adults protection issues.
PROMOTING GOOD PRACTICE
Abuse, particularly sexual abuse, can arouse strong emotions in those facing such a situation. It is important to understand these feelings and not allow them to interfere with your judgement about the appropriate action to take.
Abuse can occur within many situations including the home, school, sporting and participant environment. Some individuals will actively seek employment or voluntary work with children and vulnerable adults in order to harm them. A volunteers, members member or participant may have regular contact with children and vulnerable adults and be an important link in identifying cases where they need protection. All suspicious cases of poor practice should be reported following the guidelines in this document.
When a child or vulnerable adult enters a AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC activity having been subjected to abuse outside the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC environment, the activities can play a crucial role in improving the person’s self-esteem. In such instances, if past abuse is reported, AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC must work with the appropriate local agencies to ensure the required local support is received.
GOOD PRACTICE GUIDELINES
All personnel should be encouraged to demonstrate exemplary behaviour in order to promote welfare and reduce the possibility of harm and abuse. The following are common sense examples of how to create a positive culture and climate.
Good practice means:
- All volunteers, members and participants must work in an open environment and remain visible when working with children and vulnerable adults, e.g. avoid private or unobserved situations, whenever practical and possible, and ensure that another adult is present when working in the proximity of children and vulnerable adults.
- Encourage open communication with no secrets.
- Treating all children and vulnerable adults equally, and with respect and dignity.
- Always putting welfare first, before winning or achieving goals.
- Building balanced relationships based on mutual trust which empowers children and vulnerable adults to share in the decision-making process.
- Making AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC activities fun, enjoyable and promoting fairness
- All lesson and seminar areas must be smoke and alcohol free.
- Being an excellent role model – this includes following all local laws, not smoking and drinking alcohol inappropriately in the company of children and vulnerable adults.
- Removing inappropriate piercings and covering tattoos, whenever possible, when in the company of children.
- Giving enthusiastic and constructive feedback rather than negative criticism.
- Recognising the developmental needs and capacity and avoiding excessive training or competition and not pushing them against their will.
- Maintaining a safe and appropriate distance (e.g. it is not appropriate for volunteers, members or participants to have an intimate relationship with a child or a vulnerable adult or to share a room with them).
- AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC volunteers, members and participants should not enter a child or vulnerable adult’s room or invite them into their rooms unless accompanied.
- Ensuring that if any form of manual / physical support is required, it should be provided openly.
- Involving local partner volunteers, members and parents wherever possible. For example, encouraging them to take responsibility in the changing rooms. If groups have to be supervised in the changing rooms, always ensure people work in pairs.
- Ensuring that young people have access to both a male and female member of volunteers, members. However, remember that same gender abuse can also occur, as can female to male abuse and young person to young person abuse.
- Securing parental consent in writing to act in loco parentis, if the need arises to administer emergency first aid and/or other medical treatment.
- Keeping a written record of any injury that occurs, along with the details of any treatment given.
Practices to be avoided
The following should be avoided except in emergencies. If cases arise where these situations are unavoidable it should be with the full knowledge and consent of someone of the local partners, the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC manager or the child’s parents or next of kin. For example, a child or vulnerable adult sustains an injury and needs to go to hospital, or a parent / carer fails to arrive to pick a child up at the end of a session
- Avoid spending time alone with children or vulnerable adults away from others.
- Avoid taking or dropping off a child or vulnerable adult to an event or activity.
Practices never to be sanctioned
The following should never be sanctioned. You should never:
- Cause direct physical, including purposely hitting, hurting, or physically assaulting a child or vulnerable adult.
- Cause direct emotional harm, including acting in in ways intended to shame, humiliate, belittle or degrade children or vulnerable adults, or otherwise perpetrate any form of emotional harm.
- Use language that could be abusive, offensive or inappropriate.
- Engage in rough, physical or sexually provocative games, including horseplay.
- Share a room with a child or vulnerable adult.
- Allow or engage in any form of inappropriate touching.
- Allow children to use inappropriate language unchallenged.
- Make sexually suggestive comments to a child, even in fun.
- Reduce a child or vulnerable adult to tears as a form of control.
- Condone or participate in behaviour which is illegal, unsafe or abusive.
- Discriminate against, show differential treatment or favour to the exclusion of others.
- Fail to act upon and record any allegations made by a child or vulnerable adult
- Do things of a personal nature for children or vulnerable adults, that they can do for themselves
- Spend anytime outside specified programme hours with a child or vulnerable we work with;
- Invite or allow children or vulnerable adult to stay with you at your home unsupervised
- Sexually exploit any child, vulnerable adult or any person
- Non-consensual sexual contact
For further detail on some of the definitions above refer to the General Sexual Misconduct and Inappropriate Behaviour Definitions document.
This list is not exclusive therefore our volunteers, members and participants should avoid any other activities that may be considered to constitute poor practice.
N.B. It may sometimes be necessary for volunteers, members or participants to do things of a personal nature for children and vulnerable adults, particularly if they are young or are disabled. These tasks should only be carried out with the full understanding and consent of parents, care workers and local partner volunteers, members, AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC manager and volunteers, members and any other relevant parties and should be avoided wherever practical. There is a need to be responsive to a person’s reactions. If a person is fully dependent on you, talk with him/her about what you are doing and give choices where possible. This is particularly so if you are involved in any dressing or undressing of outer clothing, or where there is physical contact, lifting or assisting a child or vulnerable adult to carry out particular activities. Avoid taking on the responsibility for tasks for which you are not appropriately trained and wherever possible, ask local partner volunteers, members or parents to complete the task and work to ensure the task is not required of AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC volunteers, members and participants in the future.
Incidents that must be reported/recorded
If any of the following occur you should report this immediately to the appropriate officer and record the incident. You should also ensure the local partner volunteers, members and parents are informed:
- If you accidentally hurt a child or vulnerable adult
- If he/she seems distressed in any manner
- If a child, vulnerable adult or any other person appears to be sexually aroused by your actions
- If a child, vulnerable adult or any other person misunderstands or misinterprets something you have done.
USE OF PHOTOGRAPHIC/FILMING EQUIPMENT
There is evidence that some people have used volunteering as an opportunity to take inappropriate photographs or film footage of children and vulnerable adults in vulnerable positions. All volunteers, members and participants should be vigilant and any concerns should to be reported to the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Child Protection Officer.
There is no intention to prevent volunteers, members or participants from taking photos of program activities, however, local partner organization volunteers, members should be made aware of the reasons for the photographs, the intended use of the photos, and their consent obtained. There should be project guidelines for participants and volunteers, members regarding photography of people on the project, which should be managed and enforced by AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC volunteers, members. All AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC photos should be stored and used appropriately.
Recruitment and training of volunteers, members and participants
AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC recognises that anyone may have the potential to abuse in some way and that all reasonable steps are taken to ensure potential offenders are prevented from working with children and vulnerable adults.
- Through all stages of recruitment, for all volunteers, members and participants, including promotion, application, interview, acceptance and booking and pre-departure, AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC’s Child and Vulnerable Adult Protection Policy should be referred to, including reference to identity and background checks as appropriate, and AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC’s Child Protection Officers, as barriers to application from potential offenders.
- All volunteers, members and participants should be referred to the Policy
- Safer recruitment practices during the selection process for all AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC volunteers, members and participants, including background checks for all AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC volunteers, members, and additional enhanced criminal record bureau checks or equivalent, wherever possible, for all volunteers, members and participants working on community development projects must be applied.
- Avoid use of promotional materials including text, photos and videos that suggest opportunities for offenders
- All volunteers, members must supply contacts for two confidential references. These referees must be approached directly by AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC and asked direct questions to the applicant’s suitability to work with children and vulnerable adults.
- For volunteers, members working on specifically upon community development programmes, the references should include, wherever possible, atleast one regarding previous work with children or vulnerable adults.
- If given the opportunity to call for further information, the referee must be phoned directly as sometimes people may be more willing to expand on information over the phone or give more direct information or suspicions over the phone.
- All volunteers, members must supply evidence of their identity (passport).
- A check should be made that the application form has been completed in full (including sections on criminal records and self-disclosures).
- They need agree AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC’s Terms and Conditions, which includes agreeing to follow our safety procedures, Risk Assessments and Child and Vulnerable Adult Protection Policy.
In addition to pre-selection checks, the safeguarding process includes training after recruitment to help volunteers, members and participants to:
- Understand their requirements and responsibilities
- Understand AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC’s Child and Vulnerable Adult Protection Policy and identify areas where further explanation or training are required.
- Analyse their own practice against established good practice, and to ensure their practice is not likely to result in allegations being made.
- Recognise their responsibilities and report any concerns about suspected poor practice or possible abuse.
- Respond to concerns expressed by a child or vulnerable adult.
- Work safely effectively with children and vulnerable adults.
RESPONDING TO ALLEGATIONS OR SUSPICIONS
It is not the responsibility of anyone working in AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC, in a paid or unpaid capacity to decide whether or not abuse has taken place. However there is a responsibility to act on any concerns by reporting these to a AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Child Protection Officer who will decide the next steps.
AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC will assure all volunteers, members/participants that it will fully support and protect anyone, who in good faith reports his or her concern that a colleague is, or may be, abusing a child or vulnerable adult.
Where there is a complaint against a member of volunteers, members or participant, there may be three types of investigation:
- a criminal investigation
- a child protection investigation
- a disciplinary or misconduct investigation.
The results of the police and child protection investigation may well influence and inform the disciplinary investigation, but all available information will be used to reach a decision.
REPORTING CONCERNS ABOUT POOR PRACTICE
If, following consideration, the allegation is clearly about poor practice as opposed to a suspicion, allegation or incident of abuse, the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Child Protection Officer will deal with it as a misconduct issue.
If the allegation is about poor practice by the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Child Protection Officer, or if the matter has been handled inadequately and concerns remain, it should be reported to the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Director who will decide how to deal with the allegation and whether or not to initiate disciplinary proceedings.
REPORTING CONCERNS ABOUT SUSPECTED ABUSE
Any suspicion that a child or vulnerable adult has been abused by either a member of volunteers, members or a participant should be reported to the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Child Protection Officer, who will take such steps as considered necessary to ensure the safety of the child or vulnerable adult in question and any other person who may be at risk.
All suspicions, allegations and incidents should be recorded.
If after consideration, the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Child Protection Officer is concerned, they will refer the allegation to the local social services department.
If the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Child Protection Officer is the subject of the suspicion/allegation, the report must be made to the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Director.
Every effort should be made to ensure that confidentiality is maintained for all concerned. Information should be handled and disseminated on a need to know basis only. This includes the following people:
- the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Child Protection Officers
- the parents of the person who is alleged to have been abused
- the person making the allegation
- social services/police
- the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Director
The AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Child Protection Officers should be contacted in the first instance and they will advise as to who needs to know and who should inform them, normally through liaison with local social services.
Social services will decide who should approach the alleged abuser (or parents if the alleged abuser is a child).
Information should be stored in a secure place with limited access to designated people, in line with data protection laws (e.g. that information is accurate, regularly updated, relevant and secure).
ENQUIRIES AND FURTHER ACTION
Internal enquiries and possible suspension
The AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Child Protection Officer will make a decision about whether any individual accused of abuse should be temporarily suspended pending further police and social services inquiries.
Irrespective of the findings of the social services or police inquiries the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Child Protection Officers will assess all individual cases to decide whether a member of volunteers, members, participant or any person working on behalf of / representing the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC should be re-instated and if so how this can be sensitively handled.
This may be a difficult decision; particularly where there is insufficient evidence to uphold any action by the police. In such cases, the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Child Protection Officers must reach a decision based upon the available information which could suggest that on a balance of probability, it is more likely than not that the allegation is true. The welfare of the child or vulnerable adult should remain of paramount importance throughout
Support to deal with the aftermath of abuse
Consideration should be given to the kind of support that children, parents, participants and members of volunteers, members may need. Use of helplines, support groups and open meetings will maintain an open culture and help the healing process.
Consideration should be given to what kind of support may be appropriate for the alleged perpetrator.
Allegations of previous abuse
Allegations of abuse may be made some time after the event (e.g. by an adult who was abused as a child or by a member of volunteers, members or participant who is still currently working with children or vulnerable adults within AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC or elsewhere).
Where such an allegation is made, procedures as detailed above should be followed, the matter should be reported to the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Child Protection Officer who will decide the next steps and, if relevant, report the matter to the social services or the police. This is because other children or vulnerable adults may be at risk from this person. Anyone who has a previous criminal conviction for offences related to abuse is automatically excluded from working with children. This is reinforced by the details of the Protection of Children Act 1999.
Every child and vulnerable adult has the right to experience a safe environment free from abuse and bullying.
AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC plays an important role in creating a positive ethos that challenges bullying by empowering people to understand the impact of bullying, how best to deal with it and agree standards of behaviour.
REPORTING CONCERNS OUTSIDE THE IMMEDIATE AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC ENVIRONMENT (E.G. A PARENT OR CARER)
Report your concerns to the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Child Protection Officer, who should after consideration, contact social services or the police as soon as possible.
If the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Child Protection Officer is not available, the person being told of or discovering the abuse should contact social services or the police immediately.
Social Services and the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Child Protection Officer will decide how to involve the parents/carers.
Maintain confidentiality on a need to know basis only.
PROVIDING INFORMATION TO POLICE OR SOCIAL SERVICES
Information about suspected abuse must be accurate and a detailed record should always be made at the time of the disclosure/concern. It should ideally include the following, where possible:
- The child’s or vulnerable adult’s name, age and date of birth of the child.
- The child’s or vulnerable adult’s home address and telephone number.
- Whether or not the person making the report is expressing their own concerns or those of someone else.
- The nature of the allegation. Include dates, times, any special factors and other relevant information.
- Make a clear distinction between what is fact, opinion or hearsay.
- A description of any visible bruising or other injuries. Also any indirect signs, such as behavioural changes.
- Details of witnesses to the incidents.
- The child’s and vulnerable adult’s account, if it can be given, of what has happened and how any bruising or other injuries occurred.
- Have the parents or next of kin been contacted?
- If so what has been said?
- Has anyone else been consulted? If so record details.
- If the child or vulnerable adult was not the person who reported the incident, has the child or vulnerable adult been spoken to? If so what was said?
- Has anyone been alleged to be the abuser? Record details.
- Where possible referral to the police or social services should be confirmed in writing and the name of the contact who took the referral should be recorded.
It is important to remember that as AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC volunteers, members and participants our responsibility is to report all suspicions, allegations and incidents to the AUSTRALIAN STUTTERING WARRIORS INC Child Protection Officers, who have been trained to advise as to the next steps to be taken.
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The adjective most students use to describe me as a teacher is “enthusiastic.” And while I hope my enthusiasm is infectious and leads others along a similar path of life-long learning, I have learned through experience that teaching is more than just a style. It is more than an emotional bond. It is more than the delivery of course content—though these are all important.
I believe my teaching is most effective when enthusiasm for learning is combined with an energy that focuses on the process of learning and thinking. I want to help students be able to read and think critically, to interpret complex ideas and to express their ideas clearly. The course topic is the platform that enables students to develop these vital skills.
Brant Ellsworth is an assistant professor of Interdisciplinary Humanities. He received a doctorate in American Studies with a dissertation that examined the role of Western mythology in the Americanization process of members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He currently serves as the president of the Eastern American Studies Association and as editor of the Children's Folklore Review, an online journal that publishes research on all aspects of children's folklore.
Ellsworth is the proud father of three children. He is an avid reader; loves Thai food, kimchi and ice cream; and supports the San Antonio Spurs basketball team.
- Doctorate of Philosophy in American Studies, Penn State University – Harrisburg, Harrisburg, Pa.
- Masters of Arts in American Studies, Penn State University – Harrisburg, Harrisburg, Pa.
- Bachelor of Arts, American Studies, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
- Certificate in Ethnography and Folklore – Penn State University – Harrisburg
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Former President Bill Clinton told Yale seniors on Sunday to listen to people with whom they disagree.
In a Class Day speech that included points similar to a commencement address he gave a week ago in West Virginia, the Yale Law School alum said today's college graduates will be left to deal with a world that has three major problems.
"It is too unstable; it is too unequal, and it is completely unsustainable," Clinton said.
He urged them to change that, and said that will mean working together.
"One problem we have in the modern world is, we've got access to more information than ever before, but we don't all listen to the same information," he said.
A tidbit of information Clinton didn't give the Yale seniors was that he was involved in a minor traffic accident on the way to the event.
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22 Aug. 1744–25 July 1826
James Hall, clergyman, was born in Carlisle, Pa., to James and Prudence Roddy Hall. James, Sr., a Scotch-Irish immigrant, arrived in America with his father prior to 1723. In 1751, the Halls migrated to North Carolina, settling among the Bethany Presbyterian congregation near Fourth Creek (later Statesville). James, Jr., received a local education, although he may have attended Crowfield Academy near Centre Church. Influenced by his pious home community and by itinerant preachers, he vowed to consecrate his life to the ministry. His preparation for a clerical career was delayed when his father's health faltered. As the oldest son at home at the time, the third of at least five brothers, James shouldered the burden of principal provider until the younger children matured. Sometime during that period, he was engaged to marry. Subsequently he became convinced that a wife would prevent his fulfilling his vow of total dedication to God's service, so he broke the engagement and never married.
As soon as circumstances permitted, Hall entered the College of New Jersey at Princeton, where he studied theology under John Witherspoon and was graduated in 1774. After declining a mathematics professorship there because of his vow, he returned to North Carolina. In late 1775 or early 1776 the Orange Presbytery licensed him to preach, and in the latter year he received a call to Fourth Creek Presbyterian Church. On 8 Apr. 1778 he was ordained by the Orange Presbytery and installed as pastor of the Fourth Creek, Bethany, and Concord congregations, a parish that encompassed roughly 600 square miles.
During the Revolutionary War Hall subordinated his patriotic impulses to his pastoral obligations. However, when immediate threats to the backcountry reconciled the two responsibilities, he helped organize irregular militia units and participated in expeditions against the British. In 1779, outraged by British depredations in South Carolina, he raised a company from his congregation and was captain during an incursion into the western part of that state. Later, he joined a two-month march into Georgia's Cherokee country and, as chaplain, preached the first gospel sermon in the area. In 1781, he was again drawn away from his ministerial duties when General William Lee Davidson appealed to him to help muster opposition to the advancing Lord Cornwallis. Hall reorganized his company and joined Davidson for the skirmish at Cowans Ford. Of an imposingly tall, muscular physique and a dark, forceful personality, Hall was offered command of the militia force after Davidson was killed but he declined.
After the war Hall intensified his activities within his wide parish and broadened them to affect the National Presbyterian Church. Shortly after hostilities ended, he fostered a two-year revival during which 140 communicants joined his congregation. His fervid efforts severely strained his health. In 1786, he undertook a therapeutic sea voyage to New York, with excellent results. In New York he attended a meeting of the New York–Philadelphia Synod, which then held jurisdiction over North Carolina churches, and he helped organize the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church. He represented the Orange Presbytery and later the Concord Presbytery a total of sixteen times at general assembly meetings and moderated the 1803 conclave. In 1788, Hall helped form the Synod of the Carolinas. He attended all but one of its annual meetings, until it was superseded by the Synod of North Carolina in 1813, serving as moderator in 1812. He remained active in the North Carolina synod until infirmity precluded his involvement after 1819. During the decade 1810–20 he assisted in the formation of the American Bible Society and the North Carolina Bible Society, serving as first president of the latter.
As early as 1790 Hall relinquished his pastorates at Fourth Creek and Concord to free himself for wide-ranging missionary work. In 1793, he began journeying to the west and southwest, eventually making fourteen extended expeditions as well as numerous shorter trips. On his most notable journey he established the first Protestant mission in the lower Mississippi valley, at Natchez, in 1800. After his return from Mississippi, he wrote a series of newspaper articles providing the most detailed description of that region by an American to that time. In 1801, he collected the articles as A Brief History of the Mississippi Territory. The following year he published another book, A Narrative of a Most Extraordinary Work of Religion in North Carolina, reflecting his own role as a fervent leader of the camp meeting revivals sweeping the western part of the state. Differing from those of his colleagues who rejected the revivals' emotionalism as satanic, Hall insisted that the movement was transforming public morals for the better and disseminating truly Christian godliness.
To his religious concern, Hall conjoined an educational concern. As a young pastor, he established a school called Clio's Nursery and an Academy of the Sciences in his Bethany home. He personally provided a classical education and a background in theology for numerous westerners who later attained prominence in North Carolina Presbyterianism, including John Makemie Wilson, Humphrey Hunter, James McIlheny, John Robinson, and Andrew Flinn. There are indications that Hall was the author of an English grammar for his students' use, which was circulated widely in manuscript form and was later published. He worked heartily on behalf of his alma mater and The University of North Carolina, each of which conferred upon him an honorary D.D. He was instrumental in raising the endowment for Princeton Theological Seminary and bequeathed the seminary 250 acres in Tennessee. He also donated some sixty volumes to The University of North Carolina Library.
During the period of his most extensive activity, Hall retained his pastorate at Bethany, and he remained titular pastor there until his death. Throughout his career he had exhibited manic-depressive symptoms which apparently emanated from an inconsistently repressed, ineradicable insecurity about his personal salvation; at one point he refused to preach for a year and a half, until an elder symbolically exorcised a "deaf-and-dumb demon" from him. His depressive tendency dominated his last seven years as his inescapable final judgment drew near. Hall was buried in the Bethany churchyard. At least one of his published sermons survives, A Sermon preached at the ordination of Mr. Samuel C. Caldwell, as Pastor of Sugar Creek Church (1792).
DAB, vol. 4 (1960).
Hall, James; McCorkle, James. A narrative of a most extraordinary work of religion in North Carolina, by the Rev. James Hall : also a collection of interesting letters from the Rev. James M'Corkle ; to which is added the agreeable intelligence of a revival in South Carolina. Philadelphia : William W. Woodward. 1802. https://archive.org/details/moste00hall (accessed December 16, 2013).
McGeachy, Neill Roderick. 1954. A history of the Sugaw Creek Presbyterian Church, Mecklenburg Presbytery, Charlotte, North Carolina. Rock Hill, S.C.: Printed by Record Print Co., 45. https://archive.org/stream/historyofsugawcr00mcge#page/44/mode/2up/search/hall, (accessed December 16, 2013).
Hall, James; McCorkle, James. A narrative of a most extraordinary work of religion in North Carolina, by the Rev. James Hall : also a collection of interesting letters from the Rev. James M'Corkle ; to which is added the agreeable intelligence of a revival in South Carolina. Philadelphia : William W. Woodward. 1802. https://archive.org/stream/moste00hall#page/n0/mode/2up, (accessed December 16, 2013).
"James Hall." N.C. Highway Historical Marker M-24, N.C. Office of Archives & History. https://www.ncdcr.gov/about/history/division-historical-resources/nc-highway-historical-marker-program/Markers.aspx?sp=Markers&k=Markers&sv=M-24 (accessed December 16, 2013).
1 January 1988 | Wiest, Timothy J.
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IJCRR - Vol 05 Issue 11, June, 2013
EFFECT OF PLAY INTERVENTION IN THE REDUCTION OF ANXIETY AMONG PREOPERATIVE CHILDREN
Author: Nisha K., Umarani J.
An important index used to estimate the Nation’s health is, the health status of children in the country. Children are more vulnerable due to their lack of knowledge of procedures, a lack of control, a lack of explanation in child-appropriate terms, and a lack of pain management. Hospitalized children may experience high level of anxiety due to many different factors both physical and psychological factors. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of play intervention on anxiety among children admitted in preoperative wards of selected hospitals at Mangalore. The objectives of the study were to determine the effectiveness of play intervention among experimental group. The study design was two group pre-test post- test design. The sample comprised of 60 preoperative school age children in the age of 6-12 years who were selected by Purposive sampling technique and divided into experimental and control group. Pretest anxiety was assessed and play intervention(video game) was given to the experimental group along with the routine care and only routine care to the control group. The data was collected by using demographic proforma and numerical state anxiety scale. The study result showed that the calculated ‘t’ value ( t= 4.225) was greater than the table value (t58 = 1.671) at 0.05 level of significance. The pre-test anxiety score was independent of all the demographic variables such as age, gender, religion, type of family, residence, care giver present during hospital stay, past child reactions to any procedures. The finding of the study shows that the play intervention was effective in reducing the anxiety among preoperative children.
Keywords: Effectiveness, school age children, anxiety, play intervention.
Nisha K., Umarani J.. EFFECT OF PLAY INTERVENTION IN THE REDUCTION OF ANXIETY AMONG PREOPERATIVE CHILDREN International Journal of Current Research and Review. Vol 05 Issue 11, June, 111-117
1. Marlow DR, Redding BA. Text book of Pediatric Nursing. 6th ed. Pennsylvania: WB Saunders Publication; 2008.p. 386-8.
2. Wilson D andHockenberry MJ. Nursing Care of Infants and Children. 8th ed. New Delhi: Elsevier Pvt Limited; 2007.p. 456-9.
3. Kain, Z. N., and Caldwell-Andrews, A. (2005). Preoperative psychological preparation of the child for surgery: An update. Anesthesiology Clinics of North America, 23, 597-614.
4. Cooke M, Chaboyer W, Hiratos M, Schluter P. The effect of music on pre-operative anxiety in day surgery. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2005;52(1):47-55.
5. Peter J. D, Franklyn P. and Etsuro K. Smith’s Anesthesia for Infants and Children, 8th ed. Elsevier Pvt Limited;philadelfia;2007.457-8
6. Wright k.d , Sherry H. S, Allen F G etl.( 2007) Prevention and Intervention Strategies to Alleviate Preoperative Anxiety in Children. A critical review. Behavior Modification; 2007, 31:52-79.
7. Lumley MA, Melamed BG, Abeles LA. Predicting children's presurgical anxiety and subsequent behavior changes.Source;jpj, 1993 Aug;18(4):481-97.
8. Julie L. Lerwick. The Impact of ChildCentered Play Therapy on Anxiety Levels in Pre Neurosurgical Pediatric Patients; Anesthesiology Clinics of North America, 23, 58-7.
9. Li, H. C., Lopez, V., and Lee, T. L. (2007). Effects of preopertive therapeutic play on outcomes of school-age children undergoing day surgery. Research in Nursing and Health, 30, 320-332.
10. Susan C. Reinhard. Barbara G. Nirvana Huhtala P. Ann B. Supporting Family Caregivers in Providing Care. Bookshelf ID: NBK2665PMID: 21328765.
11. Browne NT, Flanigan LM, McComiskey CA, Pieper P. Nursing Care of the Pediatric Surgical Patient. Boston, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers; 2007:3-16.
12. Golden L, Pagala M, Sukhavasi S, Nagpal D, Ahmad A, Mahanta. Giving toys to children reduces their anxiety about receiving premedication for surgery. AnesthAnalg. 2006;102:1070-2.
13. Ammed M.J, Farrell M.A, Karala A etl, preoperative anxiety in children risk factors and nonpharmacolcogical management. M.E.J. ANESTH .2011, 21 (2).
14. Weber Fernanda Seganfredo. The influence of playful activities on children's anxiety during the preoperative period at the outpatient surgical center. J. Pediatr. (Rio J.) [serial on the Internet]. 2010 June [cited 2013 May 18] ; 86(3): 209-214. Available from:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script =sci_arttextandpid=S0021755720100003000 08andlng=en. http://dx.doi. org/10.1590/ S0021-75572010000300008.
15. Polit DF, Hungler BP. Nursing research principles and methods. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1999. 16. Talbot LA. Principles and practice of nursing research. St. Louis: Mosby; 1995
17. Talbot LA. Principles and practice of nursing research. St. Louis: Mosby; 1995 Kain ZN, Mayes LC, Cicchetti DV, Bagnall AL, Finley JD, HofstadterMB. The Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale: how does it comparewith a ”gold standard”AnesthAnalg. 1997;85:783-8.
18. Clatworthy, S. (1981). Therapeutic play: Effects on hospitalized children. Journal of the Association for the Care of Children’s Health, 9(4), 108-114.
19. Caprilli, S., Anastasi, F., Grotto, R., Abeti, M. S., andMesseri, A. (2007). Interactive music as a treatment for anxiety and stress in children during preoperative period: A randomized prospective study. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 28(5), 399-403
20. Li, H. C., and Lopez, V. (2008). Effectiveness and appropriateness of therapeutic play intervention in preparing children for surgery: A randomized controlled trial study. Journal forSpecialists in Pediatric Nursing, 13(2), 63-73.
Data in table 2 shows that, the mean anxiety score of experimental group (3.43±1) was lower than mean of control group (4.43±0.83). The calculated ‘t’ value ( t= 4.225) was greater than the table value (t58 = 1.671) at 0.05 level of significance. Hence the hypotheses was accepted as there was a significant difference in the anxiety score of children between experimental and control group
Figures 1 show that in experimental group and control group were having 100% of a lot anxious. The post-test of experimental group were 80% of them had medium anxious level and 20% were has little anxious. In post test score control group 87% of sample were a lot anxious, 13% had of sample had medium anxious and pre-test remained same even in the experimental group.
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I was ushered into the modest office of C. Penn Owen Jr., the most powerful plantation owner and all-around operator in this rural county in northern Mississippi.
He spoke slowly. ''I'm sure I'll get fair treatment from you,'' he said. He managed to smile without smiling.
We were in his office on Old Highway 61, an ancient two-lane road that runs beside the Mississippi River. Mr. Owen is anxiously trying to cash in on the casino boom in the county. He is already building the first few houses of a large upscale development in an unincorporated area called Robinsonville. But he has some problems. The private homes and rental units he plans for the site have deliberately been priced out of the reach of the overwhelmingly black inhabitants of Tunica.
The buyers will have to come from elsewhere, and by all accounts most of them would be white. Big problem number one: the public schools in Tunica County, woefully neglected for decades, are filled with black students. Mr. Owen, in a reference to one of the schools, summed up the matter nicely:
''I think there is some fear and concern about the Rosa Fort campus. The percentages, I guess, would be frightening to some people.''
In other words, there is no chance the wealthy white families he is trying to lure to his development would be willing to send their kids to the nearly all-black public schools.
Mr. Owen thought he had a solution. He planned to have his housing development anchored by a brand new multimillion-dollar state-of-the art elementary school. He sold the land for the school to the Board of Education at a cut-rate price and for a while it looked as if there was going to be a great new school for the spiffy new families coming to Robinsonville.
Except that some black people in the county, many of them desperately poor and tired of doing the back-breaking work in the cotton fields and elsewhere while watching a handful of exploitive whites reap all the benefits, objected. Two local groups, Southern Echo and Concerned Citizens for a Better Tunica County, challenged the plan.
They noted that the county was ordered to desegregate its schools nearly three decades ago by the Federal Government. Whites responded to that order by pulling their children out of the public schools and setting up a vile system of private academies for white children only. In Tunica County the white academy is called the Tunica Institute of Learning. A large slave bell sits proudly on its front lawn.
Mr. Owen and other plantation owners and developers now find their grand plans for Robinsonville jeopardized by the persistence of a segregated system they thought was just fine until now. Because the Tunica school board is operating under a desegregation order, it has to get approval from the Department of Justice in Washington before it can build a new school. Justice officials, after listening to local objections, have refused so far to approve the plan. They noted several months ago that there ''is virtually no student population in Robinsonville'' and they agreed that the children moving into Mr. Owen's development would most likely be white.
Mr. Owen and his allies, frustrated, now insist that there is no chance the proposed school would be predominantly white. They are prepared to scour the county for black children to enroll in the school. Mr. Owen's houses are not selling very quickly and one way or another he needs that school to go up.
Penda Hair, co-director of the Advancement Project, a national civil rights advocacy organization that is working with the local groups in Tunica, said black students may be funneled into the school initially but that they would soon be numerically overwhelmed by white students from the development. ''The families that move there will see it as their neighborhood school,'' she said.
None of this would have been a problem if whites in Tunica and the rest of Mississippi had at any time over the last half-century dealt fairly with the black population and with the issue of segregated schools. Bigotry always cuts two ways, which is why Mississippi has for so long been one of the most backward states in the union.
''I don't know why this race issue has to come into it at all,'' said Penn Owen. ''When I go into the casinos I see colored people, I see Hispanics, I see Orientals in very top positions. I don't get it.''Continue reading the main story
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You are here
Japan takes aid show to Africa in China's shadow
[TOKYO] Japan takes its aid show to Africa this weekend, with a huge development conference in Kenya, hoping quality will trump quantity in the battle for influence against cash-rich China.
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe - fresh from an appearance as Super Mario at the Olympic Games in Rio - will meet with dozens of leaders from across Africa in Nairobi.
Officials say the Japanese premier will use the two-day gathering to unveil aid and investment projects, including those related to healthcare.
Tokyo has a well-established presence in Africa, but its financial importance to the continent has long-since been eclipsed by regional rival China.
The world's second-largest economy - a resource-hungry giant - recorded total trade with Africa of about US$179 billion in 2015, dwarfing Japan's approximately US$24 billion.
"Japan has a sense of rivalry with China, which has provided large-sized assistance," said Koichi Sakamoto, professor of regional development studies at Toyo University.
"Since Japan can't fight China in terms of amounts of cash, it needs to stress quality," Mr Sakamoto added.
This weekend's meeting, which will be attended by Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta and South Africa's Jacob Zuma, among others, is the sixth edition of the Tokyo International Conference on African Development, or Ticad.
The forum was first convened in 1993 and, until now, has always been held in Japan.
The move to Africa this year came at the behest of the host continent, but reflects a drive to bolster Japanese clout as the modern-day Scramble for Africa gathers momentum.
The European Union, China, India, South Korea, and Turkey have similar aid ventures to court African leaders as they look for a slice of the continent's resources and its burgeoning markets.
But as a relatively early entrant, Tokyo's role has proved invaluable to Africa.
Ticad - co-organised by Japan, the United Nations, the World Bank and the African Union - "paved the way" among aid programmes because it was among the first of such efforts, a senior Kenyan government official, who declined to be named, told AFP.
Aid and infrastructure projects offered by Tokyo and its rivals, are not, of course, a one way street; Japanese firms often stand to benefit from the vast sums of cash consumed in the construction of roads, ports and railways half a world away.
Projects under tender at the moment include the US$250 million first phase of expansion at the congested Kenyan port of Mombasa, as well as the resurfacing, widening and construction of roads in cities and on rural highways.
As well as diplomats and politicians, Ticad will also gather business executives and other participants from Japan and Africa in what Mr Abe hopes will be a boost to two-way trade.
But enthusiasm may be dampened by the security concerns over some of Africa's more lawless areas.
Such danger was driven home in 2013 when a gas plant in Algeria built by a Japanese company was overrun by Islamist gunmen, who killed 40 people, including 10 Japanese.
Shu Nakagawa, a foreign ministry official in charge of the forum, said Japanese companies are "rather cautious" over mounting challenges on the continent.
That includes the growing threat from radical Islamist groupings, such as Boko Haram and the Shabaab group - which is active in Kenya.
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Facing the World
Scottish National Portrait Gallery
Design of Facing the World at the Scottish National Portrait Gallery, which featured an outstanding selection of portraits spanning six centuries, from Rembrandt to Ai Weiwei’s instagram posts. Our work involved exhibition design, graphics and interactives. A highlight of the exhibition was the digital art installation in which visitors’ portraits were captured and output as passport-style photos. Simultaneously, the photographs were digitised and relayed to the exhibition space, where they were displayed on screens around the gallery, creating new and constantly evolving artworks.
Our work involved exhibition space planning, concepts, 3D exhibition design, artwork layouts, object mounting, graphic design, typography and interactive elements.
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One of the most devastating consequences of a motor vehicle collision, short of death, is spinal cord injury resulting in permanent paralysis. Thanks to new research, there is new hope for car accident and motorcycle wreck victims and their families.
Experiments conducted by the University of Louisville and University of California have restored voluntary lower body movement to four men who were told they would never move their legs again. By sending electrical currents through the men’s spines through epidural stimulation, the researchers have formed a connection between the brain and legs that was formerly believed to be lost forever.
All four men in the trial had been paralyzed for two to four years, and as a result of this experimental treatment were able to support their own weight while standing, lift their legs, and flex their ankles when the device embedded under their skin was turned on. Most surprisingly to the researchers, these men also were able to regain bladder, bowel and sexual function even when the electrical stimulation device was not running.
It is too early to know if all paralyzed individuals could benefit from this treatment, but at least now, for some, paralysis may not be a life sentence. This is truly a breakthrough. These men say now, with the push of a button, they have been given their legs back. At this point in the research, none of the men have been able to walk, but at least now there is hope.
Submitted by the Robinette Legal Group, Morgantown WV Car Accident Attorneys. If you have questions regarding motor vehicle accident claims, insurance issue, or how you are going to pay for medical treatment after a collision, call us today: 304-594-1800 or after hours, 304-216-6695.
Source: USA Today, “Stimulation Restores Some Function for 4 Paralyzed Men,” by Karen Weintraub, April 8, 2014.
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Age disparity in sexual relationships refers to differences in ages of individuals in
all sexual relationships. Concepts of these relationships and of the exact
definition of a "significant"...
Mar 9, 2016 ... A 2007 lexicographer's article gives this explanation: “cougar” is a term for an
older woman who prefers to date younger men. There's a ...
I'm hoping someone can answer for me the origin of the slang word 'cougar'. It is
supposed to mean an older or mature female who dates ...
The term "puma" does not apply to women before their 30s, and should never be
confused with the titles "Cougar" (ages 40-49) and "Jaguar" (ages 50+).
Forget everything you think you know about cougars. In fact, forget the term all
together. If you are interested in dating and/or having a romantic encounter with ...
This Internet Slang page is designed to explain what the meaning of COUGAR is.
The slang word / acronym / abbreviation COUGAR means... . Internet Slang.
Comment: Do you know where the term "cougar" comes from in reference to an
older woman who sleeps with significantly younger men?
Is she a younger version of a cougar or something completely different? ... It isa
slang term for a woman's dating life and, more specifically, the age of the partner
The word cougar is also a slang term for an older woman who dates much
younger men. Even when it is meant to be a compliment, like any stereotype,
Cougar definition, Also called mountain lion, panther, puma. a large, tawny cat,
Felis ... (US & Canadian, slang) a woman in her 30s or 40s who actively pursues
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Pickwick Papers, p. 193. Engraved by one of the Dalziels. [Click on image to enlarge it.]by Phiz (Hablot K. Browne). Household Edition (1874) of Dickens's
In the number immediately following Christmas 1836, Dickens and his illustrator provide two outstanding visual accompaniments to the text, one ("Christmas Eve at Mr. Wardle's") focussing on the titular character's celebration of Old Christmas under the mistletoe, the other whimsically realising the interpolated Christmas ghost story of Gabriel Grub, a proto-Scrooge figure, in "The Goblin and The Sexton". Both subjects very much appealed to the Household Edition's illustrators, although Nast's treatment of "The Goblin and The Sexton" lacks both the humour and the telling detail of Phiz's pair of much more lively renditions. In particular, in Phiz's embedded references to "memory" on a pair of tombstones in the 1873 illustration (down left, and up right), Phiz is connecting the moral life with remembering the collective past of the village or community, an awareness that the misanthropic Gabriel Grub has replaced with self-centredness and giving himself up to mindless drinking. He is, exactly like Ebenezer Scrooge in A Christmas Carol (1843) "an ill-conditioned, cross-grained, surly fellow — a morose and lonely man who consorted with nobody but himself" (ch. 29, p. 197), so that the supernatural visitation serves as a catalyst to force him to remember his common humanity with those whom he inters. Phiz better realises evocatively the twilight hour and lonely setting in his original illustration, his second iteration being rather "overpopulated" by goblins, so to speak.
Left: Phiz's original The Goblin and The Sexton. Right — Thomas Nast's version in the Household Edition: His eyes rested on a form that made his blood run cold.. Click on images to enlarge them.
"The Goblin and The Sexton" in the original series (for the January 1837 monthly number) remains a fascinating blend of the weird and macabre on the one hand, and of the comic and whimsical on the other. The tomb and gnarled tree are brilliant devices for setting the mood, so that one wonders why Phiz elected to replace the eerie tree as another person in the scene (right) with a perfectly conventional oak (left) in the 1873 illustration, which, in providing a closeup of the Goblin and the sexton has eliminated the noble English Gothic church, with its square tower reaching heavenward and its elegant stained-glass window in the transept. The scene in the text has so much pictorial potential that Phiz could not resist revisiting the January 1837 illustration; likewise, the American Household Edition illustrator must have felt compelled to try his hand at the same scene, despite his lack of familiarity with such a setting as an English country churchyard. Thomas Nast's Goblin King in "His eyes rested on a form that made his blood run cold" (p. 172) is hardly credible (almost pinata-like in his rotundity and artificial expression), and Nast's catatonic Gabriel Grub (surprisingly impressionistic for a period that valued realism in illustration) is hardly the figure of fun that Phiz's sexton constitutes in "Seated on an upright tombstone, close to him, was a strange unearthly figure" (Household Edition, p. 201). Given the opportunity to rethink his original composition without Dickens's supervision, Phiz seems to be enjoying the whole situation, depicting eight miniature versions of the Goblin chief, who serve as an appreciative audience for Grub's discomfort. Phiz's Gothic church backdrop and tomb, ably engraved by the Dalziels, suggest greater verisimilitude than Nast's cemetery and square-towered country church. However, neither Household Edition illustration is as effective in its depiction of the two figures as Phiz's 1837 original.
- The original January 1837 of this scene by Phiz: “The Goblin and The Sexton”
- The complete list of illustrations by Seymour and Phiz for the original edition
- An introduction to the Household Edition (1871-79)
Scanned image and text by Philip V. Allingham. Formatting by George P. Landow. [You may use this image without prior permission for any scholarly or educational purpose as long as you (1) credit the person who scanned the image and (2) link your document to this URL in a web document or cite the Victorian Web in a print one.]
Dickens, Charles. Pickwick Papers. The Household Edition. London: Chapman and Hall, 1874; New York: Harpers, 1874.
Last modified 9 March 2012
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It was a wrenching conflict that tore at the city's fabric. The four days of violence known as the Crown Heights riots exposed a deep racial divide and arguably cost Mayor David Dinkins his reelection.
A young City Hall aide named Bill de Blasio — today, the overwhelming front-runner for mayor — had a front-row seat to the crisis.
He was a top aide to Dinkins' point man in responding to the mayhem, Deputy Mayor Bill Lynch.
When it was over, a scathing report by Richard Girgenti, the state's director of criminal justice, found serious communications and management lapses among mayoral aides — including Lynch — that likely delayed the Police Department's effort to stop the violence.
In a brief interview with the Daily News, de Blasio downplayed his involvement.
As the disturbances raged, he remained at City Hall, he said, taking calls from irate Jewish leaders demanding more cops as the violence raged in the racially divided Brooklyn neighborhood.
"I remember vividly being on the receiving end of a deep, deep concern, particularly from members of the Jewish community," he said.
De Blasio's campaign refused to make him available for a more in-depth interview or answer written questions about his role.
The violence erupted on Aug. 19, 1991, after a 7-year-old black child, Gavin Cato, was killed by a speeding car driven by a Hasidic man that was part of a police-escorted motorcade carrying the Lubavitcher grand rebbe.
Bands of black youths attacked Jewish residents and cops. Amid cries of "Get the Jew!" a young Hasidic scholar, Yankel Rosenbaum, was stabbed to death.
It took four days before police responded more aggressively to restore order. By then, more than 150 cops and 38 civilians had been injured.
De Blasio came to City Hall in 1991 as a special assistant to Lynch. He was 30.
"Bill Lynch's job was politics and outreach," former Dinkins aide Michael Schlein said. "Bill de Blasio was Lynch's right hand."
Herbert Block, Dinkins' liaison to the Jewish community, recalled de Blasio's role during the Crown Heights crisis as "making sure Lynch was up to date."
And Michael Kharfen, the head of the mayor's Community Assistance Unit under Dinkins, said de Blasio "was being supportive and helpful and backing up the deputy mayor" as the unrest raged.
In his brief interview with The News, de Blasio said, "I was at the City Hall side of it in a minor capacity, so it was enough to see what was going on. It was hard to miss the fact that the timeline was continuing and the (police) response wasn't strong enough."
De Blasio didn't detail the "concerns" he received from alarmed Jewish leaders as the unrest raged and what he did with that information.
Isaac Abraham, a Lubavitcher activist, was one of the Jewish leaders who contacted City Hall. He said he recalls speaking to Lynch and other aides — but not to de Blasio.
"Communications were continuously made directly to Herbie Block, to Michael Kharfen, to Bill Lynch," Abraham said. "Continuously they knew what was going on."
In his report, Girgenti found that Lynch and Kharfen were told by early Tuesday, the second day of the unrest, that the police response was inadequate, but that Dinkins said he was not made aware until the following day, when he ordered a change in police tactics.
"The evidence is persuasive that top City Hall officials, all of whom were in frequent contact with the mayor during the period of the crisis, were given crucial information," the report said.
"This information was provided, in a dramatic and sustained manner, and was conveyed well before the mayor asserted that he was made aware of these circumstances."
The report added, "If the mayor was told, fundamental questions would arise as to why he did not act on this information. However if the information was not provided to the mayor, systemic problems in City Hall's flow of information and decision-making process are revealed."
De Blasio's name does not appear in Girgenti's report.
De Blasio now calls the Crown Heights conflict a "horrible perfect storm" that included a changing of the leadership within the NYPD and tensions between black and Jews in the neighborhood.
He told The News he would have handled Crown Heights differently, but he offered few specifics.
Asked if he would have sent more cops into Crown Heights sooner, he said, "From day one. No question."
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MSNBC.com is running a story that “An Era of Cheap Food May Be Drawing to a Close”. The article discusses skyrocketing corn prices, grain, soybeans, and other crops. A combination of drought in some areas, unusually wet weather in others and unrest in certain parts of the world are creating shortages and driving up prices.
What MSNBC fails to mention is that corn prices are significantly higher all over the world because what the United States used to export for food use is not turned into ethanol to be mixed with gasoline. The environmentalists pushed for years for government incentives and tax-breaks for biofuels and alternatives to petroleum based fuels. Al Gore and his gang got their wish.
For several years now most gas pumps in the country have dispensed E10 which is 90% gasoline and 10% ethanol. It was determined by government testing (right. . . .) that this blend would not harm vehicle fuel systems or engines. Many consumers noticed sharp decreases in gas mileage once they began using the blend (ethanol contains less energy density than an equivalent volume of gas). Others complained that machinery such as generators and other equipment experienced problems, and many small single-engine airplanes certified to run on auto gas cannot use this blend.
Now farmers, and biofuel/ethanol producers are lobbying congress to increase the maximum ethanol blend to E15 because ethanol production is now much greater than demand. Many manufacturers have excess production capacity that is not being used. There does not seem to be any consideration that consumers don’t want to risk problems with their vehicles, or have their mpg or vehicle performance decrease further. Even Al Gore, the former champion of ethanol, has backed away from his position now that evidence shows burning ethanol releases even more so-called “greenhouse gasses” than regular petroleum based fuels.
Has the left ever stopped to think that maybe food would not be such a major crisis all over the world if we would stop burning it instead of eating it? All the land we devote to feedstock for biofuels could be put to better use feeding people rather than engines. We could stick to what works: petroleum based fuels that do not damage our vehicles, and from which we get our moneys worth. The problem is the left does not want us to have access to petroleum bases fuels either, at least not that which is produced from domestic drilling. Wait. . . .. they don’t want use sending money overseas for foreign oil either. Basically stop driving, stop heating your home, stop living. Go back to a third or fourth world living standard and the left will be happy.
In the meantime the left will continue pointing fingers at other people for problems which they have created. Remember it is expected that we will never examine the results of Democrat policies only examine their intentions.
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Harry the homeowner needs to remove the snow from his driveway. He has a snowblower that accomplishes this task well for normal snowfall. However, it can’t clear the high drifts of plow-wash when the city snowplows clear off the street in front of his house. This snow is piled too high, and compressed too much for the snowblower to work. So, Harry wants to clear the street in front of his driveway before the plow comes so that there is no snow for it to push into his driveway. Where, exactly, in the street should Harry clear? What variables determine the size and shape of the cleared area?
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