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Divine Vision For Missionary Aspirations
To promote the maxim of ‘Harmony-Brotherhood-Unity’ by inspiring noble ideals in the community to raise it from its material existence to a spiritual experience.
To generate morality in society, especially in the youths - where individuals are free of addictions, abstain themselves from non-vegetarian food, and vices like gambling, stealing and adultery.
To create a harmonious community - where individual and communal differences are transcended and people work together with mutual understanding, acceptance and co-operation towards a common goal; where thousands of families dedicated to “Satsang”(the holy fellowship) and devotional service to God, realize the spiritual experience of “Atmiyata” - spiritual harmony (transcending the emotions of stubbornness, ego and envy).
To indoctrinate and uphold Indian culture and Hinduism in the hearts of the people in India and abroad through festivals, exhibitions, conventions and spiritual congregation.
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Boroughs that will remain largely affordable by 2016 include Hillingdon, Ealing and Hounslow to the West; Enfield and Waltham Forest to the North; Newham, Barking and Dagenham and Havering to the East, and Lewisham, Bexley and parts of Croydon to the South.
Boroughs that will have the highest proportions of unaffordable property include Kensington & Chelsea and Westminster as well as Islington, Camden and Tower Hamlets.
Shelter is warning that the cuts could change the make-up of London for decades to come.
Shelter chief executive Campbell Robb said: "This research shows that in just five years’ time, the number of London neighbourhoods affordable to those on local housing allowance will more than halve, with swathes of the capital becoming largely unaffordable.
"This will mean tens of thousands of households priced out of their homes and communities, creating concentrations of poverty across the city and adding to the already significant levels of homelessness and overcrowding in the city.
"The 53,000 claimants in London who are in work may also be forced to move away from their jobs, so these proposals could ultimately act as a disincentive to work."
The picture beyond 2016 could get even worse: Government plans to link housing benefit levels to the Consumer Price Index from 2013 will deliver an even bigger blow to people on local housing allowance.
Between 1999/2000 and 2007/08 median rents in London increased by 65%, compared to just a 17% increase of the CPI.
Robb said: "Breaking the link between housing benefit and the cost of housing will see rents quickly outstrip the amounts people are receiving. While the impact will not be immediate, over time this is likely to make the situation starkly worse and even more neighbourhoods unaffordable.
"While Shelter supports reform of housing benefit, cuts on this scale are going to have a devastating economic and social impact on London and we urge the Government to urgently rethink them."
Have your say on this story using the comment section below
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Presentation on theme: "TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PREPARED BY ROSHIN RUKSHANA.K /LECT /ECE."— Presentation transcript:
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PREPARED BY ROSHIN RUKSHANA.K /LECT /ECE
UNITS UNIT I INTRODUCTION UNIT II TQM PRINCIPLES UNIT III TQM TOOLS & TECHNIQUES I UNIT IV TQM TOOLS & TECHNIQUES II UNIT V QUALITY SYSTEMS
UNIT-1 INTRODUCTION Need for quality Evolution of quality Definition of quality Dimensions of manufacturing and service quality - Basic concepts of TQM Definition of TQM – TQM Framework Contributions of Deming, Juran and Crosby – Barriers to TQM.
UNIT-3 TQM TOOLS & TECHNIQUES I The seven traditional tools of quality – New management tools Six-sigma: Concepts, methodology, applications to manufacturing, service sector including IT Bench marking – Reason to bench mark, Bench marking process FMEA – Stages, Types.
UNIT-4 TQM TOOLS & TECHNIQUES II Quality circles Quality Function Deployment (QFD) Taguchi quality loss function – TPM – Concepts, improvement needs Cost of Quality – Performance measures.
UNIT-5 QUALITY SYSTEMS Need for ISO ISO Quality System – Elements, Documentation, Quality auditing- QS 9000 ISO – Concepts, Requirements and Benefits Case studies of TQM implementation in manufacturing and service sectors including IT.
ASSIGNMENT TOPICS Demings philosophy, PDSA cycle Seven tools of quality, Quality Function Deployment (QFD) Need for ISO 9000
SEMINARSEMINAR TOPICS SEMINAR Every one should take seminar with respect to their alloted topics
BOOOKS….. TEXT BOOK: Besterfiled, D.H., “Total Quality Management”, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education, REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. James R. Evans and William M. Lindsay, “The Management and Control of Quality”, 6th Edition, South-Western (Thomson Learning), Oakland, J.S., “TQM – Text with Cases”, Butterworth – Heinemann Ltd., Oxford, 3rd Edition, 200UNIT III 3. Suganthi,L and Anand Samuel, “Total Quality Management”, Prentice Hall (India) Pvt. Ltd., Janakiraman, B and Gopal, R.K, “Total Quality Management – Text and Cases”, Prentice Hall (India) Pvt. Ltd., 2006.
Don't ever give up. Even when it seems impossible, Something will always pull you through. The hardest times get even worse when you lose hope. As long as you believe you can do it, You can. But When you give up, You lose ! DON’T GIVE UP.....!!!
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The NEPA litigation guide /
|Imprint:||Chicago : American Bar Association, Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources, , ©2012.|
|Description:||xxi, 402 pages ; 23 cm.|
|Subject:||United States. -- National Environmental Policy Act of 1969.|
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (United States)
Environmental law -- United States.
|URL for this record:||http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/cat/bib/8861900|
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ISLAMABAD: Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have agreed to promote bilateral cooperation in the economic and trade sectors.
This was expressed during a telephonic conversation between Foreign Minster Shah Mahmood Qureshi and UAE Foreign Minister Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan on Thursday.
Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi said that Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) enjoy deep, historic and fraternal ties, adding that millions of Pakistanis living in the UAE have been contributing to the development of the UAE for the past many decades.
He noted that in every difficult hour, including the coronavirus, the two brotherly countries stood by each other.
Both foreign ministers on the occasion agreed to promote trade relations. They also discussed issues of mutual interest, including bilateral relations and the overall political situation in the region.
On Wednesday, Foreign Minister Qureshi had held a telephonic conversation with his Saudi counterpart Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud to discuss bilateral relations, regional situation, and other issues of common interests.
Qureshi underlined that Pakistan and Saudi Arabia have historic and deep-rooted fraternal ties which have stood the test of time. He appreciated the consistent support of the Kingdom to Pakistan, especially in the hour of need, besides its steadfast solidarity on the Kashmir cause.
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Repeat the previous problem assuming that the stock pays a continuous dividend of 8% per year (continuously compounded). Calculate the prices of the American and European puts and calls. Which options are early-exercised?
Answer to relevant QuestionsLet S = $40, K = $40, r = 8% (continuously compounded), σ = 30%, δ = 0, T = 0.5 year, and n = 2. a. Construct the binomial tree for the stock. What are u and d? b. Show that the call price is $4.110. c. Compute the prices ...An option has a gold futures contract as the underlying asset. The current 1-year gold futures price is $300/oz, the strike price is $290, the risk-free rate is 6%, volatility is 10%, and time to expiration is 1 year. ...Obtain at least 5 years' worth of daily or weekly stock price data for a stock of your choice. 1. Compute annual volatility using all the data. 2. Compute annual volatility for each calendar year in your data. How does ...Repeat the previous problem, except that for each strike price, compute the expected return on the option for times to expiration of 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. What effect does time to maturity have on the ...Repeat Problem 11.1, only assume that r = 0.08 and δ = 0.Will early exercise ever occur? Why? In Problem 11.1 Consider a one-period binomial model with h = 1, where S = $100, r = 0, σ = 30%, and δ = 0.08. Compute American ...
Post your question
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Creative Arts – Music
Many students participate in the school’s music programs. Staff are highly qualified and experienced, offering extensive musical expertise. They are also innovative, constantly seeking new ways to foster a love of music. A range of musical pursuits are explored including performance, composition and aural skills. Individual students and groups have many opportunities to perform in showcase assemblies and school functions as well as external events. Critical and creative thinking are integral to all activities within the Music curriculum, fostering skills that enhance student engagement across all learning areas.
Years 7 & 8
All students in Year 7 and 8 participate in the mandatory Stage 4 Music course.
Music is an elective choice for students in Years 9 - 12.
Individuals and small groups also perform at Eisteddfods, Open Days, Bandfest, community events, concerts and school events. The groups are:
- Senior Concert Band
- Stage Band
- Senior Choir
- Senior Vocal Ensemble
- Recorder Ensemble
- Flute Ensemble
- String Ensemble
SCHOOL OF MUSIC
The Danebank School of Music offers specialist tuition in a wide range of instruments. Parents may book tuition online, here is the link.
Danebank also encourages musical expertise by offering annual Music Scholarships to promising young musicians. Link to Scholarships page
Recordings – ‘Joyful Joyful’ sung by the Senior Choir
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The Christian Church in the Soviet Period
- Extra Reading
Ever since the Revolution of 1917, Russia has considered atheism to be a precondition for social progress. Religion is dismissed as "an opiate for the people" (Marx) or as "moonshine" (Lenin). How has the Russian Orthodox Church, the main Christian body within the Soviet Union, managed to survive? what trials has it faced and what have been their cost?
This lecture is part of Richard Chartres' series on Religion in Russia on the Eve of the Millennium. The other lectures in this series are:
The Russian Orthodox Church Before the Revolution
The Religious Picture Today in the Soviet Union
This event was on Thu, 28 May 1987
Gresham College has offered an outstanding education to the public free of charge for over 400 years. Today, Gresham plays an important role in fostering a love of learning and a greater understanding of ourselves and the world around us. Your donation will help to widen our reach and to broaden our audience, allowing more people to benefit from a high-quality education from some of the brightest minds.
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This is a bookcase designed by Marica Vizzuso that can be used as a room divider too. You can use it like a pillar or simply open it to create a room divider. More description by Marica Vizzuso:
B- oK is summary of intellectual process which uses a game of contrasts.
B- oK is the dichotomy full/empty where the hardness’s and stability’s material like a iron, is interspersed with no-material, that make visual lightness. This structural’s manufacture creates an elegant contrast of lights e shadows in background. B- oK is also action/static which reveal its versatility. It is also possible to interact with it, as it changes sharpe from a tower to a zig zag,becoming a room divider.
All contrasts are simplified in a metallic parallelepiped, where is possible to insert books with ordered eccentricity and it can be also adapt to space’s needs.
Design of Bookcase
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From 4e PHB I
Dragonborn resemble humanoid dragons. They’re covered in scaly hide, but they don’t have tails. They are tall and strongly built, often standing close to 7 to 8 feet in height and weighing 300 pounds or more. Their hands and feet are strong, talonlike claws with three fingers and a thumb on each hand. A dragonborn’s head features a blunt snout, a strong brow, and distinctive frills at the cheek and ear. Behind the brow, a crest of hornlike scales of various lengths resembles thick, ropy hair. Their eyes are shades of red or gold.
A typical dragonborn’s scales can be scarlet, gold, rust, ocher, bronze, or brown. Rarely do an individual’s scales match the hue of a true dragon, and scale color gives no indication of the type of breath weapon a dragonborn uses. Most dragonborn have very fine scales over most of their body, giving their skin a leathery texture, with regions of larger scales on the forearms, lower legs and feet, shoulders, and thighs.
Young dragonborn grow faster than most children do. They walk hours after hatching, reach the size and development of a 10-year-old child by the age of 3 and reach adulthood by 15. They live about as long as most other races do.
Dragonborn historians place the birth of the Arkoshkan Empire somewhere between AunGil-5,000 and 4,500. By AunGil-4,000 both Arkoshka (Ark-Osh-Kah-Dia in their native tongue) and Bael-Turath had firmly established themselves as powers on Idranna.
Though they lived in relative peace for several hundred years, clashes over land and resources grew more frequent and the two nations were soon in a state of constant war. This conflict, waxing and waning and back again, lasted nearly 1,000 years.
Eventually the war began to take it’s toll on the land, leaving much of Idranna as scorched wasteland. The dwindling resources and fatigue from centuries of fighting resulted in the slow collapse of the two empires. The innumerable clans dwindled over the next few millennia to a mere handful. The remaining clans experienced a renaissance during the human empire, in which the modern dragonborn establishments, such as the White Lotus Academy and the Tialme information network came to be.
Though there exist numerous minor clans, there are only four major clans which claim distinct origin in Arkoshka. These are the clans which received the most aid from the Nerathi Empire.
Said to be descended from a great warrior clan, the Quegarth take great pride in carrying on that tradition. Almost all of them are members of the order of Doomgaard, owing in part to their natural predilection to such work, and greatly to the fact that clan leaders and masters of the Doomgaard are one and the same. They are zealous worshipers of Bahamut and hold fervent devotion to order and the rule of law.
Even in its ancient history, this clan was removed from the world at large. It is said that its most remote libraries did not hear of the fall of the empire untill a hundred years afterward! They were given a place of honor in the Nerathi Empire and a university was built on the empire’s northern border to allow them to train scholars in arts and sciences. The Maleaketh were also the only ones with which the humans shared the secrets of magic. Most of them worship Bahamut, but worship of Tiamat is not uncommon.
Perhaps more so than any of the others, the word ‘draconian’ could be used to describe this clan. Those who have had their secrets sold to an enemy might have a few more choice words, but a Has-Ash-Iin (the title used for Harper operatives) would be quick to remind them that their services are always for sale, for the right price. They work on the fringes of society; worshipers of Tiamat within the clan seek to prevent government from becoming too powerful, and worshipers of Bahamut strive to maintain that same order. One thing both sides have in common is that they never work for free. (Editor’s Note: Librum Nenteri is now available in individual volume format complete with all new illustrations. This in just a friendly reminder and is in no way related to the cripplingly expensive price of Harper intelligence.)
Little is know about this clan beyond hearsay and scattered few personal accounts. They rarely leave their clan-homes in the wilds, and those who choose to leave must leave the clan completely. They few who do leave have sworn themselves to secrecy, and so conjecture and innuendo are all we have to go on. Their extreme separation from society suggests a fervent reverence of Tiamat and a full rejection of order and civilization.
Aspect: “Clan” Dragonborn
Choose one quasi element. Once per scene you can expel this element from your mouth to Create an Advantage with Constitution and you gain a +2 to that effort.
When succeeding with style on an Overcome action with Constitution place one situation aspect with a free invoke along with a boost.
- Back to Races
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Moms Across America has received test results from a Canadian farmer showing that Canadian whole wheat flour has up to 300 ppb while Canadian wheat bran has up to 3,162 ppb of glyphosate residues. These are unacceptable and dangerous levels. This news comes at a time when the Government of Canada is in the process of reassessing its review processes for determining its approval of glyphosate and the Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs). This review was as ordered by the Federal Court of Appeals after a suit was filed by Safe Food Matters.
Glyphosate herbicides are commonly sprayed as a weed killer before planting and also before harvest, especially in wetter, northern regions, as a drying agent. Canada exports agricultural products to 95 countries and is the third top exporter of wheat, behind Russia and the US, exporting 6.3 billion dollars of wheat a year, or 14.1% of the world’s wheat.
Samples of wheat bran, whole wheat flour, and unbleached all-purpose flour from a Winnipeg supermarket. (first and second section of results) All were produced from Canadian wheat. The second set of samples (third chart) are from a research project being done at a farm in Manitoba.
Glyphosate absorbs into crops, residues do not wash off. Glyphosate and AMPA (glyphosate breakdown) residue levels on these samples are some of the highest reported. The samples come from Canadian Albrecht wheat, a method of farming that uses mineral supplementation to balance the soil microbes, improve crop nutrition, and deter weeds. Canadian tilled wheat samples use glyphosate spraying and deep tilling, disrupting soil quality samples. While the Albrecht samples are significantly lower, any level of glyphosate in our food supply presents a risk in human consumption. Considering that the CA EPA’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) has determined a maximum daily intake level of 1100 ug per day, 2,266 ppb (equivalent to ug), as found in Canadian wheat tilled samples, is comparatively quite alarming. Feeding one’s baby a piece of toast or breakfast cereal with these levels of glyphosate is a disturbing idea, and one likely to lead to chronic health issues. However, levels of over 2,000 ppb (2 ppm) are within the allowable Canadian and US EPA MRLs of 15 ppm and 30 ppm, respectively, and may be considered, therefore, as "safe" for consumption.
Unfortunately, studies, such as the Thongprakaisang study and Michael Antinou et al. study, have shown that ultra-low levels, 400,000 lower than the US MRLs, can cause non-alcoholic liver disease and contribute to cancer.
The EPA has allowed up to 280 million pounds a year of glyphosate to be sprayed on non-organic food crops in the US. 1 out of 2 American males, and 1 out of 3 American females are expected to get cancer. President Biden, ironically, has declared a “Cancer Moonshot” but has not shown any interest in banning carcinogenic chemicals like glyphosate from being sprayed on our agriculture crops that end up on our daily meals. Over 1,600 people die each day of cancer in the USA, yet there is no shutdown of toxic farming or emergency use authorization of organic food. Our children are also paying a heavy price for the lack of action by our regulatory agencies. Cancer is now one of the top two killers of children.
Weakens the Immune System
It is widely accepted that the gut microbiome is the stronghold of the immune system. Glyphosate has been shown to target and destroy beneficial gut bacteria and allow for the proliferation of pathogenic gut bacteria. By throwing the balance of the gut bacteria, glyphosate compromises the normal function of the immune system, weakening it. A population with weakened immune systems means higher susceptibility to autoimmune disease and more severe symptoms from viruses and pathogenic bacteria. If any of our government officials were truly informed, uncorrupted by corporate influence, and wanted to prevent further shutdowns due to COVID, autoimmune disease, and even autism, they would ban the use of chemicals on our food supply, like glyphosate, that disrupt the gut microbiome immediately.
Other studies show glyphosate is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (ENDS). Endocrine disruption can occur at very low levels, in the parts per billion, altering sex hormones, reproductive organs formation, and function. Recent studies show that glyphosate herbicides can alter female sex organ formation, causing masculinization or androgenization, can diminish sperm function, and reduce human pregnancy gestation, leading to miscarriages and infant death. Consuming an endocrine-disrupting chemical in most American and Canadian non-organic foods ( and contaminating some organic at low levels), as shown in the book Poison Foods of North America by Tony Mitra, contributes to the plummeting fertility and skyrocketing sterility of young couples today.
This reproductive crisis is causing the exact opposite of what Monsanto claimed to be doing - feeding the world's growing population. Instead, their toxic chemicals on our food supply make the human population sick and infertile, leading to societal instability and economic crisis. According to the new book Countdown by author, Dr. Shanna Swan, a leading reproductive epidemiologist, sperm rates have dropped 40-60% in a ten-year period, between 2003 - 2013. By 2045, she states, if policies do not change, the average male will not be able to reproduce normally (getting a female pregnant within one year). The fact is that should our birth rates continue to plummet as they are in Japan and South Korea, the viability of the human race will collapse. The only people who will have any chance of reproduction will be the very wealthy, for whom multiple attempts at $8,000-40,000 per Assisted Reproduction Therapy (ART) procedure are affordable.
Innocent Until Proven Guilty
Currently, our system allows endocrine-disrupting chemicals (ENDS) to stay in use, in our food supply and water, for decades until that particular chemical is proven harmful. This is difficult for independent scientists, the general public, and nonprofit consumer advocate groups to do when so many, thousands, of ENDS are flooding the market.
Recently, however, more and more studies are pointing to glyphosate and glyphosate herbicides as having ENDS effects. The mounting evidence, along with clear carcinogenic effects, causing liver and kidney disease, neurotoxicity, and birth effects, put glyphosate in line to lose its license, which has been up for renewal for over ten years.
The EPA’s prolonged response brings to question whether collusion with chemical companies may still be rampant (as shown in the Monsanto trial discovery). Regardless of any corruption, it is the duty of the public and consumer advocacy organizations to continue to demand safety for the general population.
Stop the Countdown Clock for the Human Race
Moms Across America asks the Canadian government to revoke the license for glyphosate.
Sign our petition to Health Canada today!
We ask everyone to keep the pressure on the US EPA, which surely influences our neighbor, by signing our letter to the EPA, drawing their attention to new studies and the risks to human health and the future of our planet. The only option our regulatory agencies have to protect life is to ban this chemical.
The fact is that as long as the US EPA and Health Canada allow this harmful chemical to be used, it will be. And the levels, both low and high, will continue to put the human race and life on Earth in jeopardy.
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While moderating a CIO workshop recently, it was surprising to hear the assessments of attendees when it came to the question of secure messaging on mobile devices.
Industry figures estimate 43 per cent of companies globally had some kind of data breach in 2014, and we recently learned of a most spectacular hacking disaster at Sony Pictures, which reportedly cost the entertainment giant more than $100 million.
Yet, more than half the CIOs with whom I spoke didn’t feel it was important to ensure mobile devices -- whether smartphones or tablets -- were secure for messaging at all.
While 25 percent of participants thought that the ability to message securely on mobile devices was very important, a further 15 per cent thought it was only moderately important.
The rationale among these CIOs of why it was not a key consideration was that they felt people don’t communicate about important things via messaging: “Important information is sent via email.”
Yet, we know from our experience in the $50 billion world of enterprise messaging that businesses of all sizes are increasingly using mobile for communications that contain sensitive or confidential information such as intellectual property, classified legal documents, medical reports, investment intelligence, and other financial information.
Every industry and business is potentially vulnerable; healthcare giants to financial stalwarts have all seen expensive recent breaches, from US health insurer Anthem to investment firm Morgan Stanley.
Small and mid-size companies are no exception, as this 2012 incident – in which attackers held patient medical records in Queensland for ransom – shows.
The Miami Family Medical Center’s patient records had been forcibly encrypted by attackers, who demanded $4200 to decrypt the data. They took the encrypted drive offline and refused to pay the ransom demand.
A report by IBM, The 2014 Cost of Data Breach Study: Global Analysis, found the average cost of a security breach to a company was $3.5 million in US dollars.
This highlights the urgent need for companies to secure their mobile messaging ecosystem and the verifiable identity of mobile users against malware, hacking, and spoofing frauds as these devices become increasingly attractive targets for hackers.
The security weaknesses of mobile devices – from non-password-protected phones to unencrypted Wi-Fi transmissions -- are magnified further as employers opt for the cost-saving BYOD (bring your own device) approach for daily use in an enterprise environment.
To begin eliminating this gap in enterprise information security, CIOs must focus on securing their entire messaging ecosystems.
Requiring BYOD users to use anti-virus programs is a good start and a best practice, but it won’t stop a hacker who is trying to crack into app software code or the device's software code; it just slows down hackers who attempt to trick you into falling for phishing scams and then install malware on your device to help them do their dirty work.
Since we’ve also seen evidence in the form of those very phishing scams that a mobile user's identity may be spoofed by an unknown source (disguised as a user known to the receiver), no amount of securing the communications channel alone would be of any benefit.
To thwart these spoofing attempts, we must verify and come as near as possible to guaranteeing the identity of the endpoint user.
CIOs must also weigh the productivity and cost trade-offs required to achieve maximum mobile device security. For example, secure mobile device management, or MDM, solutions are costly to roll out and maintain, and may not have the right app ecosystem to enable an entire enterprise’s workflows and use cases.
Instead, CIOs should inspect their company’s internal and external business workflows, processes, and use cases to understand whether a secured ecosystem or secured mobile solution would better meet their needs.
For example, a secure mobile messaging solution may offer significant cost advantages over MDM, especially if it enables most or all of the desired business workflows.
Applications that offer encrypted mobile messaging, including anti-spoofing protection to confirm identity, can deliver the necessary productivity gains while securing a large majority of activities conducted by a mobile workforce.
This protection of users’ communications is far more valuable and cost-effective than a less-productive mobile environment that is 100 per cent secure.
Horden Wiltshire is CEO of Soprano Design, which provides secure mobile messaging technology to mobile network operators.
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A technique which uses trained neural nets to model the compressor in the context of a turbocharged diesel engine simulation is introduced. This technique replaces the usual interpolation of compressor maps with the evaluation of a smooth mathematical function. Following presentation of the methodology, the proposed neural net technique is validated against data from a truck type, 6-cylinder 14-liter diesel engine. Furthermore, with the introduction of an additional parameter, the proposed neural net can be trained to simulate an entire family of compressors. As a demonstration, a family of compressors of different sizes is represented with a single neural net model which is subsequently used for matching calculations with intercooled and nonintercooled engine configurations at different speeds. This novel approach readily allows for evaluation of various options within a wide range of possible compressor configurations prior to prototype production. It can also be used to represent the variable geometry machine regardless of the method used to vary compressor characteristics. Hence, it is a powerful design tool for selection of the best compressor for a given diesel engine system and for broader system optimization studies.
The Use of Neural Nets for Matching Fixed or Variable Geometry Compressors With Diesel Engines
Contributed by the Internal Combustion Engine Division of THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS for publication in the JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER. Manuscript received by the ICE Division July 2000; final revision received by the ASME Headquarters Nov. 2002. Associate Editor: H. Nelson.
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Nelson, S. A., II , Filipi , Z. S., and Assanis, D. N. (April 29, 2003). "The Use of Neural Nets for Matching Fixed or Variable Geometry Compressors With Diesel Engines ." ASME. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. April 2003; 125(2): 572–579. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1563239
Download citation file:
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Mobile jaw cone and impact crushers We have a wide range of mobile equipment to make your job easier no matter what youre crushing Our range of mobile jaw crushers is one of the most comprehensive on the market led by the international bestselling Sandvik QJ341 mobile jaw crusherGet Price
We will strictly protect the privacy of users'personal information and never disclose it.
Need More Information About Our Products and Price?
Simply Contact Us, We Are Waiting for You!
Aggregate Industries a member of the Holcim Group is a company based in the United Kingdom with headquarters at Bardon Hill Coalville LeicestershireAggregate Industries manufactures and supplies a range of heavy building materials primarily aggregates such as stone asphalt and concrete to the construction industry and other business sectors Aggregate Industries also manufactures and+Details
Jul 19 2009 1 INTRODUCTION Building materials and technologies and building practices have evolved through ages The art and science of building construction commenced with the use of natural materials like stones soil thatchleaves unprocessed timber etc Hardly any energy is spent in manufacturing and use of these natural materials for construction+Details
Rock Crusher amp Conveyor This rock crushing machine produces gravel and construction aggregate an important component used on forest roads The infield mobile crushing plant processes large rock sortsscreens rock into desired sizes and moves rock on conveyors into a pile+Details
Guidelines for Handling Treatment and Disposal of Waste Generated during TreatmentDiagnosis Quarantine of COVID19 Patients Revision 2 dated 18042020 reg UDD letterGuidelines for MSW and BMW management from COVID19 quarantine households and containment areas+Details
Nov 02 2020 Introduction Building Information Modelling is the process of generating threedimensional digital representation of building data throughout its life cycle BIM is an innovative technology for bridging communications between the architecture engineering and construction industries The Housing Authority HA has started piloting BIM since 2006+Details
A gyratory crusher is similar in basic concep t to a jaw crusher consisting of a concav e surface and a conical head both surfaces are typically lined with manganese steel surfaces The inner+Details
Anaerobic digestion is a sequence of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen The process is used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage waste or to produce fuels Much of the fermentation used industrially to produce food and drink products as well as home fermentation uses anaerobic digestion+Details
You can select a preferred Approved Training Organisation from the dropdown list below These are listed in alphabetical order Keyword Use the keyword search box to+Details
Mobile crushers are used in a wide range of industries including quarrying ore processing and recycling of demolition waste This guidance is for all those with responsibilities for the operation of mobile crushers including contract managers supervisory staff and operators of these machines+Details
Mobile jaw cone and impact crushers We have a wide range of mobile equipment to make your job easier no matter what youre crushing Our range of mobile jaw crushers is one of the most comprehensive on the market led by the international bestselling Sandvik QJ341 mobile jaw crusher+Details
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How to File an FOIA Request
(Page 2 of 2 of How to Use the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and the Privacy Act)
Need Professional Help? Talk to a Lawyer.
If you know the information you're after, you'll need to figure out which department or agency is likely to have it. The government doesn't maintain a central FOIA office; instead, every department and agency has its own FOIA office. The Department of Justice's (DOJ) website (at www.justice.gov/oip/) is the place to start, because it maintains links to all other federal agencies' FOIA websites. Once on these sites, you'll find information on the types of records they maintain. The DOJ also provides a list of FOIA contacts, whom you can phone or email with questions as to whether that agency has the information you seek. If you can't figure out which of two or more agencies has the information, you can send FOIA requests to more than one.
Preparing Your FOIA Request
The federal government does not have a form for use by all FOIA requesters, but many agencies and departments have guidelines for your request (you'll find them on the FOIA section of the agencies' websites). But you can do it yourself, too, or use a free template or sample provided by another organization.
Writing Your Own FOIA Request
To prepare your own request, write a letter using the below guidelines.
- Provide your name, address, and phone number. Include an email address so that the agency can contact you if they have questions about your request.
- State whether you are making an FOIA or a Privacy Act request (or both).
- Give as much information about the records you are requesting as possible, including a document's name and date, if you know them.
- State whether you're requesting the information in a form or format other than paper, such as on a CD-ROM.
- State your willingness to pay any fees, and include an amount you would be willing to pay, as advance authorization.
Once your FOIA request is received by the right agency, it has 20 days in which to tell you whether it will comply with the request. If your request is denied in whole or in part, the agency must give you their reasons within this time. Records that the agency indicates it will provide must be delivered within a reasonable time.
So much for theory. In practice, many agencies cannot make the 20-day deadline. They can extend it in "unusual circumstances," which include the need to find and obtain records from more than one office, having to examine a large amount of records, and needing to consult with another agency before making a decision. If the extension will exceed ten days, the requester has an opportunity to rewrite the request.
Requesters may ask for an expedited response if they can show a "compelling need." For example, if failing to receive the records quickly will endanger a person's life or physical safety, you may ask for urgent processing of your request. A requester's need to inform the public on actual or alleged federal government activity, if the requester is "primarily engaged in disseminating information" (such as a professional journalist), could also support an argument for compelling need.
Appealing an FOIA Rejection
If you're not satisfied with the way that your request was handled, you can file an appeal with the federal Department of Justice. You can appeal the agency's use of an exemption to withhold information, their refusal to grant a fee waiver (or to contest the fee they have asked for), their determination that a record doesn't exist, as well as their decision that the record is not reproducible in the format you've asked for. The agency should advise you of your appeal rights in the letter denying your request for the records or a fee waiver. You can see a sample appeal letter on the FOIAdvocates website.
If your administrative appeal is not successful, you can appeal in federal court. For most people, this means hiring a lawyer, because the issues can be quite complex. The government must prove that withholding the information was justified. In most cases, the government will prevail. If you wish to hire a lawyer to help you with your FOIA request or appeal, go to the Government & Environmental Lawyers section of Nolo's Lawyer Directory to find a lawyer in your geographical area.
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The market for walking shoes has got to be doing a skip around the block on recent medical news that walking regularly can stave off dementia. Researchers have long believed mental exercise like reading and working crossword puzzles can slow the onset of dementia and Alzheimer s disease. They ve also concluded that rigorous physical activity helps the brain.
But who knew that leisurely strolls in the park as a moderate daily exercise regimen could keep elderly minds healthier longer? It s not every day that medicine prescribes something as simple and inexpensive as walking to preserve nothing less than mental acuity.
Yet a pair of large studies in the Journal of the American Medical Association, one involving men and the other women, indicated a remarkably strong association between cognitive function and walking at an easy pace several hours per week.
Robert Abbot, a biostatistician at the University of Virginia Health System who co-authored the study on just over 2200 men aged 71 to 93 years, found those who walked less than a quarter mile a day were 1.8 times as likely to develop dementia than those who trekked more than two miles daily.
The Harvard School of Public Health researcher who lead the study on women, reached similar conclusions with subjects who walked on a daily basis and those who were less active. What is most striking is that for older women who are able to engage in several hours per week of physical activity (for example, walking at least six hours per week), their cognitive function seemed to be comparable to that of a woman several years young, said study author Jennifer Weuve.
Exercise increases blood flow to the brain and boosts levels of hormones necessary for nerve cell production. Some research suggests it might also reduce levels of a sticky, brain-clogging protein found in Alzheimer patients. Still, walking as little an hour and a half a week wouldn t seem significant enough to prevent mental decline.
But now there is definitive evidence that long strolls can dramatically improve the health and mental function of seniors. Expecting the cynicism of some older people, one researcher emphasized that if anything, the reports say its not too late to have a big influence on your health.
Something to think about while flipping through the walking shoe catalogue.
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Return to List of Collections
To download a list of projects by this architect in an Excel spreadsheet, see the Project Index. For instructions on interpreting the Project Index, see The Guide to the Project Index.
To view the finding aid for this architect's collection, see the Finding Aid at the Online Archive of California.
Edward Bright Hussey (1897-1976)
Edward Bright Hussey graduated from the University of California, Berkeley with a degree in architecture in 1923. He worked during the summers for Julia Morgan and spent the summer of 1921 in San Simeon working on the Hearst Castle. Hussey was the on-site architect for a number of Morgan projects including the Honolulu and Tokyo YWCAs. He also worked on projects by Morgan and Bernard Maybeck such as Wyntoon and Principia College in Elsah, Illinois.
The Edward Bright Hussey collection consists of correspondence, notes, reports, clippings, photographs, and drawings spanning the years 1915-1975. These records primarily relate to Hussey’s architectural career and include projects completed under the direction of Julia Morgan and Bernard Maybeck. The bulk of the collection relates to Principia College, with drawings forming the largest part of the series along with correspondence, reports, photographs, and publications. The collection also includes Hussey’s field reports from William Randolph Hearst’s Wyntoon, photographs of Principia College, and construction photographs of the YWCA Honolulu.
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Spring is a great time to perform regular maintenance and cleaning around the house, but if you haven´t added a duct cleaning to your list in a few years, it’s time to get it done.
Did you know that your indoor air can be up to five times dirtier than outdoor air? According to the EPA, Americans spend 90% of their time indoors where pollutants can be 2-5 times greater than those outside. The people most affected-like the very young, elderly, or those with chronic health issues-spend the most time indoors.
What Are Air Ducts?
Air ducts are an “invisible” part of your home’s HVAC system. Air ducts are connected to your HVAC unit and work to circulate your indoor air providing comfort and elevating indoor air quality. They work on a supply and return system in which vents pull air from inside and registers push warm or cool air out.
Your ductwork is likely not something you think of unless you’re experiencing issues like:
- Uneven temperatures (rooms that are too hot or too cold)
- High utility bills
- Loud noises like whistling, rattling or banging
- Little or no air flow
- Poor indoor air quality
One thing to note about your HVAC system is that it’s not pulling air from outside, it’s circulating air from inside the home. Because your indoor air is constantly being recycled through your HVAC system, dust, allergens, mold, and other irritants can settle within the ductwork and be distributed throughout your home resulting in “dirty” indoor air.
Benefits Of Clean Air Ducts
The National Air Duct Cleaners Association recommends cleaning your air ducts every 3-5 years. There are a number of great reasons to follow their guidelines
- Better Indoor Air Quality: Stop dust, dirt and irritants from circulating throughout your home.
- Reduce Allergy Sensitivity: If seasonal allergies are keeping you indoors, cleaning your ducts may reduce allergens that sneak inside and circulate through your ducts making the suffering worse.
- Prevents Pests From Getting Comfy: Insects feel right at home in dirty spaces, so if you want fewer uninvited house guests, keep your ductwork tidy.
- Increase Efficiency of Your HVAC System: Sometimes buildup of dust, dirt, hair and debris can cause blockages in your ducts making them less efficient. A cleaning can clear blockages giving your system a break.
- Extend the Life of Your System: If your ductwork is working overtime due to buildup or blockages, you may see increase wear-and-tear on your system causing premature breakdown. Avoid costly repairs or replacement by performing regular maintenance.
Do You Need A Duct Cleaning?
You may be wondering if a duct cleaning is necessary this year. Before you pull a John McClane and start crawling through your ducts to find out, here are some things to consider:
- Your ducts should be cleaned every 3-5 years. If you can’t remember, it’s likely time to get it on your calendar.
- Did you relocate recently? If you’ve moved, then a duct cleaning may be necessary to remove dust, allergens, debris and other irritants from the previous occupants.
- Have you had work done on your home? If yes, it’s important to note that construction work often leaves additional dust, dirt, and debris floating through your indoor air settling in your ducts.
- Do you have pets? While we love our pets, we don’t love the shedding and dander they leave everywhere. Consider a duct cleaning more frequently if you’ve got four-legged roommates. Asthma or allergy sufferers in the home? If yes, they may benefit from a duct cleaning and reduce suffering when indoors.
- Water damage to your home? If your home currently has or has had water damage in the past, mold and mildew may be lurking within the ductwork. Don’t let it get out of control. A cleaning should eliminate and prevent issues.
- Smokers in the home now or previously? Smoke can leave residue within the ductwork, so reduce the affects on you and your family by cleaning it up.
Schedule Your Duct Cleaning
If your air ducts look like the backseat of your car, let Legacy take it from here. We can rid your ducts of dirt, dust, allergens, Legos, and mold protecting your family’s health and your investment.
Right now, Legacy is offering discounted pricing on annual duct cleaning. Get on the calendar today and breathe easier tomorrow.
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https://www.legacyheatingandairinc.com/why-your-air-ducts-should-be-on-your-spring-cleaning-checklist/
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The Medal for Heroic Deeds was instituted by royal resolution on 19 August 1885 and is awarded for honorable actions in saving lives or a comparable act. There was originally three classes, but from 1905 the medal has been awarded in gold and silver. To be awarded in gold the recipient must have committed an unusually notable rescue of life where the rescuer's life was put at risk. The medal is surmounted by the Crown of Norway and the adverse side features the portrait, name and title of the reigning monarch. At present the portrait is of King Harald V of Norway and the inscription reads «Harald den 5, Norges Konge» (Harald the fifth, King of Norway). The reverse features an oak reaf and the words «For edel dåd» (For noble deed). The ribbon is in the national colours of Norway: red, white and blue.
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https://www.trycollect.com/en/articles/1706-medal-for-heroic-deeds
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SkyDreamer 30-Second Balloon Launch
Travel has evolved. Your travel pillow should evolve with it.
The SkyDreamer Travel Pillow reaches heights of 90,000+ ft (over 17.2 miles) into our stratosphere via High Altitude Balloon (HAB). This is the first commercially available travel pillow to have gone to such heights.
DISCLAIMER: Since our payload only reached an altitude of 17.2 miles, the pillow technically reached the EDGE of space. NOT Outer Space.
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Public Lands Transfer Study recommendations
Set up a 9-member “interim” panel with representatives from various interests to continue studying the state acquisition of federal land.
Pre-designate protected wilderness or conservation areas.
Indemnify Utah counties against any loss of revenue.
Review existing state park designations and increase funding to parks and landscape conservation initiatives.
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://thewesterner.blogspot.com/2012/11/utah-taking-over-public-lands-tough.html?showComment=1353076405948
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Allah’s way to beat your wife
Charming faith, as defined by the religious leaders of one of the world’s biggest Muslim nations. For one, it licenses men to beat their wives:
The powerful Council of Islamic Ideology (CII), based in Pakistan, put forward the outrageous bill last week in response to progressive legislation giving women greater rights and protection in the province of Punjab.
”A husband should be allowed to lightly beat his wife if she defies his commands and refuses to dress up as per his desires; turns down demand of intercourse without any religious excuse or does not take bath after intercourse or menstrual periods,” the draft bill, which has not been finalised, says.
In the proposal, the council advises men to beat their wives if they refuse to dress as he wishes her to, talk to strangers or speak loudly. Wives may also be reprimanded if they give anyone money without the husband giving her permission first.
Australia’s feminists and mummy bloggers would be outraged, were it not for their determination to not notice.
The Koran sanctions wife beating:
24 May, 2009
It is a question that has vexed many minds. Muslims claim that the Quran does not sanction such a brutal act against the women. Critics of Islam say that it does sanction harsh punitive measures against, and beating of, wives, who defy their husbands and do ugly things that they are not at all supposed to do. In this connection, they cite verse 4:34 of the Quran, which reads:
“Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has given the one more (strength) than the other, and because they support them from their means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient, and guard in (the husband’s) absence what Allah would have them guard. As to those women on whose part ye fear disloyalty and ill-conduct, admonish them (first), (Next), refuse to share their beds, (And last) beat them (lightly); but if they return to obedience, seek not against them Means (of annoyance): For Allah is Most High, great (above you all).” (Trans. by Abdullah Yusuf Ali).
The translation of the same verse by Mohammed Marmaduke Pickthall reads:
“Men are in charge of women, because Allah hath made the one of them to excel the other, and because they spend of their property (for the support of women). So good women are the obedient, guarding in secret that which Allah hath guarded. As for those from whom ye fear rebellion, admonish them and banish them to beds apart, and scourge them. Then if they obey you, seek not a way against them. Lo! Allah is ever High, Exalted, Great.”
A close reading of both the translations draws our attention to one important point, it being: Yusuf Ali’s translation has the words “the husband’s” in it, but Pickthall’s translation does not. That Ali has added this word in a parenthesis proves the fact that it does not exist in the Arabic version of the verse and that he has added it to his translation in order to hide a truth of gigantic proportion. We shall discuss this truth momentarily.
We find that Allah has mainly done the following three things through the Quran:
(1) prohibited idols worshipping;
(2) retained certain Pagan practices that were to His liking;
(3) abolished certain social practices of the pagans, which He disliked, and
(4) introduced some customs or practices that were not present among them, but He wanted them to follow them in their lives after they became Muslims.
We have stated the above facts so that the readers can easily understand what we are going to state in the following paragraphs of this narrative.
In the pre-Islamic days, the eldest sons of the Pagans inherited their fathers’ widows with the flocks and the tents. Incest between sons and stepmothers thus was not only lawful but obligatory.’1 Since this pagan practice was highly obnoxious, Muhammad retained it in the Quran to subtly, systematically and effectively avenge the betrayals, insults and hardships the women in the homes of his grandfather and uncle had inflicted on him, when he was living with them. With this intention in his mind, he had Allah reveal verses, permitting all Muslim men to punish all the women under their control, be they their mothers, sisters, wives and daughters. One verse reads:
“Your wives are as a tilth unto you: So approach your tilth when or how ye will: But do some good act for your souls beforehand; and fear Allah, and know that ye are to meet Him (in the Hereafter) and give these (good) tidings to those who believe.” [Q 2:223]
The translator was dishonest here. He intentionally rendered nisaa as “wives” rather than “women” to mislead the Muslims and other readers of the Quran. The word “nisaa” in the verse includes wives, slave-girls, and all other women over whom men exert financial control.
Effectively permitting the Muslim men to rape their women (“Approach your tilth “where,2 when or how ye will”), but only after doing some good to compensate for the heinous crime they are about to commit, Allah also told His beloved followers what we read in verse 4:34, quoted above.
Though this verse has received notoriety due to the notion that it allows the Muslim men to beat their “wives,” but hardly anyone has truly understood its true meaning and implications. To make our contention clear, we emphasize the following:
- This verse, 4:34, is part of a Sura that is titled “Women,” or “An-Nisaa” in Arabic.
- The word ‘husbands” is not in the original; instead, we find “men” in it.
- The word “wives,” or azwajaka in Arabic, is not in the original either; instead, we see :Nissa” or “women.”
- This verse has no connection with those that precede and follow it. In other words, it is not contextual and the instruction it contains stands on its own.
Keeping these facts in mind, what do we find in the verse? It says that the Muslim men are the protectors and maintainers of women, as they support them financially (and in Muhammad’s time and in many parts of the third world today, men commonly support their fathers, mothers, sisters, wives, and daughters, if they cannot support themselves). Therefore, women under the men’s patronage should obey them and guard what Allah wants them to guard (that is, their private parts). But if men simply “fear” disloyalty and bad behavior from their women, they must first warn them. If they still feel fear, they must refuse to sleep with them. And if their fear persists, the men must beat them. However, if the women “return to obedience” — presumably, extinguish the fear — then the men must not seek “means of annoyance,” — presumably, further punishment — against them.
Question is: Could Allah have given such an open and obnoxious permission to men to beat, and not to have sex with, those women who depend on them for their survival?
We leave the question to the readers’ imagination for an answer. But as far as we are concerned, we are sure this instruction came from the mind of a sick man, who not only consigned his Pagan blood relatives, including his father and mother, to the fire of Hell, he also permitted the Muslim men to beat, and have sex with, all the women they support with their means.
- R. V. C. Bodley, The Messenger, p. 226.
- The Quran, 2:222.
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Clinical Desktop Configuration
The Clinical Desktop View is a view of all of the patient information the clinician, physician or user needs to be able to care for a patient. With the Allscripts Touchworks v11 Clinical Desktop each user will have the ability to create their own view(s).
"Your point of view" - You know what information you want to see and how you want to see it displayed on your desktop.
"Key clicks" - You can eliminate excessive key clicks jumping from screen to screen.
"Time Saver" - You won't have to waste time searching for the information you are looking for, it will all appear exactly where you want it, all on one page if you'd like.
Before you get started
Clinical Desktop View Starter Sets - Allscripts provides a standard starter set of Clinical Desktop Views upon delivery of the Clinical Desktop in v11; users can use what’s provided or easily build their own view(s).
Security - Each TouchWorks user must have the “Workspace View Edit” security code assigned to them to be able to create or edit their “Clinical Desktop View”. This security clearance will activate the “edit” button in the Clinical Desktop.
Full Screen Display – At any time you decide that you want to view one particular components information all by itself, simply check the box “Open in Full Screen Display”. This same check box may be used if for any reason you do not like or wish to create a layered view. No need to build layered views. (see a picture of the "Full Screen Display" view at the end of this document.)
Let's get started
We'll configure a Clinical Desktop View using View 4.
Log in to TouchWorks as an administrative user.
Click Work Def Admin from the vertical toolbar.
(? need explaination of 'Enterprise/Organization' field and how it effect views that are created)
From the Workspace Definition Administrations workspace click Add/Edit Desktop View on the bottom left of workspace.
The Edit View Dialog window will appear. Here you’ll see the default view, which in this example is the Adult Patient View utilizing View 3. You will also see the 8 Views you can pick from to create a new view.
Let’s create a new view named 'Dr Heatbeat' using View 4.
Click the “New…” button. The Create New View box will appear. Type in a New View Name
Next, decide which of these Components you want in each workspace.
Let’s say we want to view the following Components in the workspace on the left: Allergies, Meds/Orders and Problem. Check the boxes associated with Allergies, Meds/Orders and Problem Click the “Add Selected” button in the left side workspace.
Now I’ll add Health Management Plan and Chart Viewer in the top right workspace and Encounter and Patient Worklist in the bottom right workspace.
Click Apply to save the view and stay on this page, or click OK to save view and return to the main page and Vertical Tool Bar or click Cancel to cancel the action.
(? add instruction on how to add/remove items from a component)
(? add instruction to remane components, set default item, set item sort and edit buttons)
(? add example how to 'split' a component by addin 2 copies, unchecking items and renaming each)
(? add instruction on how to set as default view)
(? add link to assign views to organizational roles)
(? add link to assign views to individual users)
Full Screen Display view
This view allows you to view one component's information at a time. Simply, check the "Open in Full SCreen Display" and then click on the component you'd like to open for viewing.
How to remove Views
To remove a view you created and no longer need
Important! -Both Desktop Views and Note Views populate the list together. If you try to delete a view in the following steps using the Add/Edit Desktop View button, but don't see it in the list then its under Add/Edit Note View.
First- Select whether the view you want to delete/edit is an Enterprise or Organization view
Next- select the view you wish to delete and make sure it is not assigned to any users
Then- click the Add/Edit Desktop View or Add/Edit Note View depending on which type you wish to delete/edit
If you are in the right view editor (Desktop vs. Note), your selected view will be showing in the list- click the delete button to delete
Your view is now deleted!
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Earthlings can now get an immersive view of what their planet looks like to extraterrestrials — err, astronauts anyways. Earlier this week, a Russian cosmonaut shared the first 360 view of earth from inside the International Space Station (ISS).
The 4K immersive video was shot from what’s called the Cupola, a spot for getting the best space views from seven bay windows. Andrey Borisenko, the cosmonaut behind the camera, said that the area is where those on board the space station like to spend their free time — and it’s easy to see why.
The video opens with a stunning scene that’s repeated throughout the new series of space station tours — the sunrise and even what appears to be the Northern Lights, as well as cities outlined in lights from a 360 camera that appears to be mounted on the exterior of the space station.
The opening glimpse is followed by a tour of the Cupola, so see how the astronauts take in the sights — a bit more obstructed than the view from the front of the station. Borisenko shows the full view from the Cupola, including views of the earth as well as windows showing some of the ISS.
The video was shared by the YouTube channel Russia Today, (RT) as part of its Space in 360 project. RT says that the video is the first 360 shot of earth from aboard the International Space Station. The video is a result of a partnership with the Russian news agency, Roscosmos, SP Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia.
The video is the second in the series, after a November 17 opening video sharing the project — including that same stunning opening shot of the sunrise, followed by a look inside one of rooms inside the International Space Station. That first video also shows how astronauts apparently store their cameras — secured to the walls so they don’t float away.
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Scientists at the University of Kentucky recently performed a comprehensive characterization of age-related behavioral changes in an important mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
Led by Linda Van Eldik, director of UK's Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, the researchers examined motor performance, anxiety-like behavior and cognitive ability at different stages in the lifespan of the mice: young (7 months), middle-aged (11 and 15 months), and old (24 months).
The study found no impairments in motor function or anxiety-like behavior in the mice at any age tested. However, the mice developed Alzheimer-like memory problems as they aged.
The report, titled "Comprehensive behavioral characterization of an APP/PS-1 double knock-in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease," was published in the journal Alzheimer's Research & Therapy, with co-authors Scott Webster and Adam Bachstetter from the Van Eldik lab. This is the first study to provide such an in-depth characterization of this Alzheimer's mouse model.
The study used the new, state-of-the-art University of Kentucky Rodent Behavior Core, directed by Bruce O'Hara, for many of the behavioral experiments.
"It's wonderful to have a resource like the RBC available here at UK," Webster said. "It provides a vital step in translating our basic scientific findings into future clinical applications."
The Van Eldik lab anticipates that this report will provide a valuable resource to aid Alzheimer drug discovery, by providing a detailed behavioral characterization of this mouse model, and comparing it to other Alzheimer mouse models.
Explore further: p38beta MAPK not critical to brain inflammation, study finds
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Principles and Guidelines for Early Intervention Following Confirmation That a Child Is Deaf or Hard of Hearing
This document is a supplement to the recommendations in the year 2007 position statement of the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH, 2007) and provides comprehensive guidelines for early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI) programs about establishing strong early intervention (EI) systems with appropriate expertise to meet the needs of children who are deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH).
EI services represent the purpose and goal of the entire EHDI process. Screening and confirmation that a child is D/HH are largely meaningless without appropriate, individualized targeted and high-quality intervention. For the infant or young child who is D/HH to reach his or her full potential, carefully-designed individualized intervention must be implemented promptly, utilizing service providers with optimal knowledge and skill levels, providing services based on research, best practices, and proven models.
The delivery of EI services is complex and requires individualization to meet the identified needs of the child and family. Because of the diverse needs of the population of children who are D/HH and their families, well-controlled intervention studies are challenging. At this time, few comparative effectiveness studies have been conducted. Randomized controlled trials are particularly difficult for ethical reasons, making it challenging to establish causal links between interventions and outcomes. EI systems must partner with colleagues in research to document what works for children and families and to strengthen the evidence base supporting practices.
In spite of limitations and gaps in the evidence, the literature does contain research studies in which all children who were D/HH had access to the same well-defined EI services. These studies indicate that positive outcomes are possible and they provide guidance about key program components that appear to promote these outcomes. This EI services document, drafted by teams of professionals with extensive expertise in EI programs for children who are D/HH and their families, relied on literature searches, existing systematic reviews and recent professional consensus statements in developing this set of guidelines (e.g. CAHE Review Team, 2007; Schachter, et al., 2002; Special Education Needs Division, UK Doc (LEA/0068/2003).
Terminology presented a challenge throughout document development. The committee noted that many of the frequently occurring terms in the supplement may not reflect the most contemporary understanding and/or could convey inaccurate meaning. Rather than add to the lack of clarity or consensus and to avoid introducing new terminology to stakeholders, the committee opted to use currently recognized terms consistently herein and will monitor the emergence and/or development of new descriptors prior to the next JCIH consensus statement. For purposes of this supplement:
Language refers to all spoken and signed languages.
Early intervention (EI), according to Part C of IDEA 2004, is the process of providing services, education and support to young children who are deemed to have an established condition, those who are evaluated and deemed to have a diagnosed physical or mental condition (with a high probability of resulting in a developmental delay) or an existing delay, or children who are at-risk of developing a delay or special need that may affect their development or impede their education. (Wrightslaw, n.d.).
Communication is used in lieu of terms such as communication options, methods, opportunities, approaches, etc.
Deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH) is intended to be inclusive of all children with congenital and acquired hearing loss, unilateral and bilateral hearing loss, all degrees of hearing loss from minimal to profound, and all types of hearing loss (sensorineural, auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder [Hayes, 2008], permanent conductive, and mixed).
Core knowledge and skills is used to describe the expertise needed to provide appropriate EI that will optimize the development and well-being of infants/children. Core knowledge and skills will differ according to the roles of individuals within the EI system (e.g., service coordinator or EI provider).
This supplement to JCIH 2007 focuses on the practices of EI providers outside of the primary medical care and specialty medical care realms, rather than including the full spectrum of necessary medical, audiologic, and educational interventions. For more information about the recommendations for medical follow-up, primary care surveillance for related medical conditions, and specialty medical care and monitoring, the reader is encouraged to reference the year 2007 position statement (JCIH, 2007) as well as any subsequent revision. When an infant is confirmed to be D/HH, the importance of ongoing medical and audiologic management and surveillance both in the medical home and with the hearing health professionals — the otolaryngologist and the audiologist — cannot be overstated. A comprehensive discussion of those services is beyond the scope of this document.
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Since the first universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) programs were established in the early 1990s, significant progress has occurred in the development and implementation of protocols for screening, audiologic evaluation, fitting of amplification, medical management of children who are D/HH, and support services for families. Despite this progress, provision of the highest quality EI for infants/children who are D/HH and their families remains an urgent priority. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that over 96.9% of all newborns were screened in 2008 (CDC, n.d.). In the United States, there is evidence that earlier identification of children who are D/HH, accompanied by timely and appropriate interventions, can result in language, communication, cognitive, and social-emotional skills that are consistent with children's cognitive abilities and chronological age (Moeller, 2000; Yoshinaga-Itano, Baca, & Sedey, 2010; Yoshinaga-Itano, Sedey, Coulter, & Mehl, 1998). The ultimate goal of EHDI is to optimize language, social, and literacy development for children who are D/HH.
Although the first EHDI programs in the United States were established more than 20 years ago, most states/territories are not yet able to provide documentation of outcomes resulting from EI services. Lacking such documentation, it is unclear whether state/territory systems are accomplishing the goal of preventing or minimizing communicative delays typically observed in late-identified children who are D/HH. EHDI programs are complex systems requiring a high level of collaboration at local, state/territory, and national levels among families, birthing hospitals, audiologists, physicians, educational personnel, speech-language pathologists, state health and educational agencies, private service providers, leaders who are D/HH, and support networks. Personnel constraints, financial limitations, and the lack of existing systems have hindered attainment of some of the EHDI goals (Roush, 2011). This supplement is designed to provide support for the development of accountable and appropriate EI follow-through systems. All goals stated within this document should begin with a baseline measure specific to each state/territory. The goal should be for the program to demonstrate annual improvements that lead to 90% attainment of the goal at the end of a 5 year period.
An optimal EI service team centers on the family and includes professionals with pediatric experience. The specific professionals on each team should be individualized based on family needs. This list of professionals may include, but is not limited to, an audiologist, teacher of the D/HH, speech-language pathologist, service coordinator, individuals who are D/HH, and representatives of family-to-family support networks. Depending on the needs of the child, it also could include physical therapists, occupational therapists, psychologists, and educators with expertise in deaf/blind, developmental delay, and/or emotional/behavioral issues.
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This best practice document for the implementation of early intervention services (habilitative, rehabilitative, or educational) is intended to assist the state/territory EHDI systems in optimizing the development and well-being of infants/children. Another goal of this document is to facilitate the development of systems that are capable of continuously evaluating and improving the quality of care for infants/children who are D/HH and their families. Finally, this document outlines best practices to promote quality assurance of EI programs for children birth to 3 and their families.
Goal 1: All children who are D/HH and their families have access to timely and coordinated entry into EI programs supported by a data management system capable of tracking families and children from confirmation of hearing loss to enrollment into EI services.
Screening hearing in newborns creates an opportunity, but it does not guarantee optimal outcomes. Timely access to quality EI providers is a critical component of a successful system. The Colorado EDHI program is an example of a program that has been able to collect comprehensive outcome data due to the implementation of early identification and a consistent EI program (e.g., criteria for selection of EI providers, professional development through in-service training and mentoring, a standard protocol of developmental assessments at regular intervals). The Colorado EHDI system was established in 1992 and focused on timely and coordinated access to EI with statewide data management to ensure follow-through. Beginning in 1995 and continuing to the present, a series of articles on the Colorado system was published. These studies had over 500 different infant participants who were D/HH, had no additional disabilities, and had hearing parents. The studies included longitudinal data on 146 children from infancy through 7 years of age. Almost all were early-identified and had timely access to an appropriate and consistent EI system (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000). On average, these children achieved age-appropriate developmental outcomes not only in the first 3 years of life (Apuzzo & Yoshinaga-Itano, 1995; Yoshinaga-Itano & Apuzzo, 1998; Yoshinaga-Itano et al., 1998; Yoshinaga-Itano, Coulter & Thomson, 2000, 2001), but through age seven (Baca, 2009; Pipp-Siegel, Sedey, & Yoshinaga-Itano, 2001; Yoshinaga-Itano et al., 2010). Other studies provided support for these findings (Kennedy, McCann, Campbell, Kimm, & Thornton, 2005; Kennedy et al., 2006), but only the Moeller (2000) study, published prior to establishing universal newborn hearing screening, studied children from a consistent EI services program.
Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires that infants and toddlers with disabilities receive EI services from birth to age 3 (IDEA, 2004). These services are provided according to an individualized family service plan (IFSP). A barrier to the development of comprehensive systems for children who are D/HH is the lack of coordination between local and state Part C programs, state EHDI programs, and existing systems for children who are D/HH. To accomplish goals for monitoring and tracking children who are D/HH, a strong partnership with Part C will be necessary at the national, state/territory, and local levels. At the current time, tracking systems from universal screening to confirmation that a child is D/HH, to enrollment in EI, and to developmental outcomes are being developed in many states/territories, but there are currently only a few coordinated systems (CDC, n.d.).
Loss to documentation and loss to follow-up rates are threats to the effectiveness of EHDI systems. Reduction of these losses is a high priority to strengthen the development of EHDI systems. Continuously updated data reported to the CDC indicate that a significant number of referrals lack documentation of confirmatory audiologic evaluations and/or enrollment in EI. It is estimated that currently only one in four children who are D/HH are successfully tracked to an EI system (CDC, n.d.). Loss to documentation and ineligibility for services (e.g., infants with unilateral hearing loss [UHL] in some states) also may contribute to loss to follow-up rates.
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1. Share a baseline analysis of EHDI follow-up statistics with Part C to establish collaboration and identify system gaps or needs regarding statistics to be reviewed, such as (a) confirmation/identification of children who are D/HH and (b) their enrollment in EI services.
Identify the referral process operating within the state/territory. Establish a timely, coordinated system of entry into EI services. Ensure that providers have the core knowledge and skills necessary to optimize the overall development and well-being of children. Identify methods to report and track individual children from audiologic confirmation to developmental outcomes. These identified methods often involve coordination between Part C at the state or local levels and existing systems of EI for children who are D/HH. Delineate clear and agreed upon responsibilities for all participating agencies, including the development of specific timelines and designation of specific positions for communication and reporting responsibilities. Schedule feedback mechanisms minimally on a quarterly basis (e.g., the frequency with which participating agencies will report to the state database regarding enrollment into EI). Develop a flowchart for dissemination of information/data.
Collect, regularly analyze, and report data on compliance with the requirement for timely access to an EI system. Timely access is defined by this document as referral to Part C within 2 days of audiologic confirmation and implementation of services within 45 days of referral. In order to accomplish this goal, first EI contact with the family should occur within a week of referral. This schedule allows for time to complete the mandated developmental assessment and IFSP within the 45-day timeline. Part C regulations established in 2011 provide for referring a child as soon as possible, but in no case more than 7 days, after the child has been identified with deafness/hearing loss.
2. Develop a mechanism that ensures family access to all available resources and information that is accurate, well-balanced, comprehensive, and conveyed in an unbiased manner.
Determine which entity will take responsibility for the development and update of a state/territory family resource manual.
Monitor the development or adaptation of a family resource manual, available in different languages and diverse formats (e.g., written, captioned video/DVD/web, video blog, or three-ring binders), with regular annual updates and revisions that include (a) description of all EI programs and providers, (b) identified websites related to deafness and hearing loss,(c) national organizations/resources for families, (d) terms and definitions related to deafness/hearing loss, (e) infrastructure of state resources for families, (f) services available through Part C, and (g) communication choices, definitions, factors to consider.
Develop a mechanism that ensures that the family resource manual provides parents/families with unbiased and accurate information through review by the state/territory EHDI committee or other designated body (e.g., parent organization, professional committee). Implement an ongoing quality assurance mechanism (including evaluation) related to the family resource manual.
Implement a mechanism of dissemination that ensures that all families with newly identified children who are D/HH receive the family resource manual and that the information is reviewed with the family and explained by the service coordinator or EI provider in a timely manner. Family-to-family support (discussed below in Goal 9) is an effective mechanism for dissemination of information (Singer, et al., 1999). Ask families of newly identified infants/children who are D/HH annually whether they received the family resource manual and if a service coordinator or EI provider reviewed the information with them.
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Goal 2: All children who are D/HH and their families experience timely access to service coordinators who have specialized knowledge and skills related to working with individuals who are D/HH.
The service coordinator is the person responsible for overseeing the implementation of the IFSP and coordinating with agencies and service providers. This person is generally the first point of contact for families. The service coordinator assists families in gaining access to services; facilitates the child and family in receiving information about their rights, procedural safeguards, and services available within their state; coordinates assessments; facilitates and participates in the development of the IFSP; and coordinates and monitors the delivery of services.
Optimally, the first contact with the family should occur within days of the audiologic confirmation, and the goal should be no later than a week after confirmatory testing. The individual with first contact needs specialized knowledge and experience in infancy/early childhood; educational strategies for infants/toddlers who are D/HH and their families; parent counseling (especially adjustment counseling specific to families with children who are D/HH); development of signed and spoken language; and auditory, speech, cognitive, and social-emotional development.
Individuals who make first contact must be able to answer parents' questions about deafness and hearing loss and provide support in understanding technical concepts including screening technologies; audiologic diagnostic evaluations; amplification choices; communication choices; communication development from infancy through early childhood — including language, auditory, speech, signing, and social-emotional domains; resources relevant to working with infants/toddlers who are D/HH; medical details, such as likelihood of progression or improvement of hearing levels; and auditory/visual technology (e.g., FM systems, light systems, doorbells or captions).
When parents/caregivers/families receive support from professionals who are knowledgeable about infants/children who are D/HH and their families, emotional bonding between parents and infants may be facilitated. Parental stress similar to that experienced by hearing parents is possible and parental acceptance is more likely (Lederberg & Golbach, 2002; Pipp-Siegel, Sedey, & Yoshinaga-Itano, 2001; Pressman, Pipp-Siegel, Yoshinaga-Itano, & Deas, 1999; Pressman, Pipp-Siegel, Yoshinaga-Itano, Kubicek, & Emde, 2000; Yoshinaga-Itano, 2002; Yoshinaga-Itano & Abdala de Uzcategui, 2001). Service coordinators in the Colorado EI program were specialists in early intervention services for families who have children who are D/HH. Studies examining outcomes of the Colorado EI program were descriptive studies and could not examine whether a causal relationship exists between provider expertise and these social-emotional characteristics. However, the studies did demonstrate that a program with specialized service coordinators and EI service providers is related to positive family and child social-emotional outcomes. Additionally, there is evidence in the literature that some parents experience negative emotions when service coordination is provided by individuals without the core knowledge and skills for working with children who are D/HH (Jackson, 2009).
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1. Develop or adapt qualifications for service coordinators who contact families after confirmation that their child is D/HH. Collaborate with Part C in a manner that includes the expertise of the state EHDI team or an EHDI task force and EI specialists with expertise in supporting children who are D/HH. These state/territory guidelines should identify the professional qualifications (educational and experiential background) of service coordinators for children who are D/HH and their families.
2. Identify the core knowledge and skills for service coordinators based on evidence-based practices and the recommendations of professional organizations and national policy initiatives. Implement strategies to identify current skills of service coordinators and gaps in their knowledge and skills related to serving families with children who are D/HH. Establish and implement professional development programs that include training in dissemination of information without bias. Provide resources and other supports to assist service coordinators in the acquisition of core knowledge and skills needed to promote successful outcomes for the children and their families.
3. Identify the number and percentage of families who had timely access to a service coordinator with skills and expertise related to children who are D/HH and their families.
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Goal 3: All children who are D/HH from birth to 3 years of age and their families have EI providers who have the professional qualifications and core knowledge and skills to optimize the child's development and child/family well-being.
States/territories need to ensure that EI providers meet at least minimum criteria for experience and skills necessary to serve infants who are D/HH and their families. Because of the shortage of qualified professionals, it is important that a system for building capacity exists at pre-service, in-service, and mentoring levels. A primary goal of the EI program is to promote children's development of strong language skills, regardless of the route(s) taken by the family (e.g., spoken language, American Sign Language, visually-supported spoken language). This is critical because it is widely recognized that well-developed language skills serve as a foundation for communication and literacy attainment (Des Jardin, Ambrose, & Eisenberg, 2009). Goal 3 (and Appendix A) promotes reliance on qualified providers, and recommends processes for ensuring that families access them. Goals 3a and 3b are not intended to be mutually exclusive; rather they describe key quality elements when providers are using spoken or visual languages. Systems that manually code or cue spoken language are not included in 3a or 3b because they are not distinct languages. However, when these approaches are implemented by families, the same competencies described below apply. The purpose of goal 3 is to ensure that families and children have qualified providers, regardless of the approach taken to develop communication.
The purpose of these recommendations is to assist states and territories in the provision of high-quality EI through:
- identification of the core knowledge and skills for direct EI services providers (e.g., those who provide developmental, educational, and communication/language [including spoken and/or sign language] services; see Appendix A);
- development of guidelines for the delivery and evaluation of a system of ongoing professional development for direct EI service providers.
- Recent research suggests that outcomes for young children and their families are better when providers have specialized training specific to working with infants and toddlers who are D/HH and their families, although more evidence is needed (Calderon, 2000; Kennedy et al., 2005; Moeller, Hoover, Putman, Arbataitis, Bohnenkamp, Peterson, Stelmachowicz, et al., 2007; Moeller, Hoover, Putman, Arbataitis, Bohnenkamp, Peterson, Lewis, et al., 2007; Nittrouer & Burton, 2001; Yoshinaga-Itano, 2003; Yoshinaga-Itano, Baca, & Sedey, 2010). Professional consensus statements acknowledge the need for service providers with specific training in serving children who are D/HH (Marge & Marge, 2005; Russ, Dougherty, & Jagadish, 2010). A survey of specialists from 17 organizations with interests in the area of EI for children strongly supported the need to identify a set of core competencies for EI specialists working with children who are D/HH (Sass-Lehrer, Stredler-Brown, & Moeller, 2008).
- EI providers have a wide range of disciplinary backgrounds (Stredler-Brown & Arehart, 2000) and may not have sufficient pre-service course work and/or practicum experiences that address the needs of children who are D/HH from birth to age 3 and their families. As a result, they may lack core knowledge and skills to work with this population effectively (Compton, Niemeyer, & Shroyer, 2001; Harrison, 2004; Jones & Ewing, 2002; Lenihan & Rice, 2005; Proctor, Niemeyer, & Compton, 2005; Sass-Lehrer et al., 2010).
- Approximately one third of all states in the United States have a professional certification or credential that includes children who are D/HH from birth to age 3 (Sass-Lehrer et al., 2010). However, the standards vary widely and may not specifically include course work and field experiences that address the needs of infants and toddlers who are D/HH and their families.
At most institutions specific to children who are D/HH, the wide range of disciplinary backgrounds and limited pre-service training opportunities create a need for systematic capacity building. For the various disciplines working with children who are D/HH, appropriate professional development guidelines that support theory and evidence-based practice must be established. Evaluation of training and training outcomes is essential, as the quality of the professional training is ultimately reflected in the impact on child and family outcomes. Wide variations in the skills of the providers and the developmental outcomes of children who are D/HH exist throughout the United States and its territories.
Personnel development guidelines need to be in accordance with the existing legal requirements of Part C of IDEA (2004) and with the requirements in each state or territory (e.g., credentials or qualifications for EI specialists).
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1. Adopt and implement guidelines that address the professional qualifications required for providing family-centered EI to families and children who are D/HH from birth to age 3. These guidelines will address educational background and core knowledge and skills for providers of EI services in areas including developmental, educational, and communication/language.
2. Ensure that stakeholders participate in the adoption and implementation of these guidelines. Stakeholder categories will include, at minimum, the state EHDI and Part C programs, EI direct service providers with core knowledge and skills serving children who are D/HH from birth to age 3, parents/caregivers with children who are D/HH, and adults who are D/HH with a background in a related area.
3. Provide the resources needed for professionals to obtain the core knowledge and skills to serve children who are D/HH from birth to age 3 and their families.
4. Following the approved guidelines, identify the number and percentage of EI providers who have the appropriate core knowledge and skills and who are currently providing services to families with infants/children who are D/HH. Consider recruiting experienced professionals to mentor others (e.g., via distance technology or on-site visits).
5. Identify the number and percentage of EI providers who do not meet the qualifications required but participate in professional development activities specific to EI services and children who are D/HH each year.
6. Regularly monitor progress toward this goal by annually identifying the number of families who are receiving EI services from professionals with core knowledge and skills as determined by the state-developed qualification system.
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Goal 3a: Intervention services to teach American Sign Language (ASL) will be provided by professionals who have native or fluent skills and are trained to teach parents/families and young children.
A system of highly qualified EI service providers must be available for all families across the spectrum of communication choices. An area that has been particularly deficient for families who choose ASL is access to an EI provider who is a fluent/native ASL signer (Napier, Leigh, & Nann, 2007; Watkins, Pittman, & Walden, 1998).
Families with children who are D/HH in the process of learning ASL require access to competent and fluent language models. In EI systems, competency and fluency are not ensured among EI providers. To establish the basic grammatical foundations of visual language learning for a newborn infant who is D/HH, access to competent and fluent language models is vital (Mayberry, 1994, Morford & Mayberry, 2000). However, although fluency of the language model is necessary, it is not sufficient to make a professional qualified to provide EI services. Families with children who are newly identified also need information and resources from EI professionals on how to provide an enriched language environment that supports their child's early language learning. As an example, the SKI-HI Institute Deaf Mentor program is a model that can provide resources and training for people who are D/HH to support a family's learning of ASL. The families can be given resources and support in acquiring ASL through collaboration with professionals who are D/HH and who communicate in ASL. In SKI-HI's Deaf Mentor program, adults who are D/HH are role models for the young child and family members. The child and the family learn ASL and are introduced to various Deaf culture events. The SKI-HI Institute conducted a 3-year study, titled The Deaf Mentor Experimental Project for Young Children Who Are Deaf and Their Families, and found that children of hearing parents who are exposed to a bilingual and culturally competent environment through Deaf Mentor services have positive outcomes. Not only did the children have a beginning knowledge and use of ASL, but they were also developing English skills at a faster rate than children who did not receive Deaf Mentor services and received services solely from a SKI-HI parent advisor (Watkins, Pittman, & Walden, 1998).
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1. Ensure that families have complete and accurate information about ASL.
2. Identify collaborative partners who can assist in the development of statewide systems capable of providing competent sign language instruction to families and their infants/children. Partners may include EHDI systems, EI professionals with skills in teaching families with infants/toddlers who are D/HH, and individuals who are D/HH with fluent/native ASL skills and experience in teaching families/parents of infants. Agencies that can support development of a statewide system may include schools for the deaf, local education agencies, state coordinators of services for students who are D/HH, the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf, the ASL Teachers Association, the American Society for Deaf Children, the State Association of the Deaf, the National Association of the Deaf, and the Diagnostic Center at Boys Town National Research Hospital for use and implementation of the Educational Interpreter Performance Assessment (EIPA) (Schick, Williams, & Bolster, 1999). The Sign Language Proficiency Interview (SLPI) is available from the National Technical Institute for the Deaf (Caccamise & Newell, 2007).
3. Establish a representative committee that develops guidelines related to the qualifications of sign language instructors. Committees should include specialists in EI strategies for parent/family education and individuals who are D/HH with fluent/native skills and experience in teaching families/parents of infants.
4. Conduct a needs assessment to determine (a) the number of available sign language instructors with the qualifications in sign language and family/infant education and (b) available funding sources.
5. Develop systems that ensure that neither geographic location nor socioeconomic status limit access to competent and skilled sign language instructors. State systems should consider utilization of all technology, including computer and videophones, to support teaching families.
6. Establish and conduct training for ASL instructors that includes strategies and techniques for teaching sign language to families of infants and toddlers.
7. Establish a quality assurance program for ASL instructors of parents/families. The program should (a) assess their fluency in and knowledge of ASL (existing models for such assessment include the ASL Teachers Association, the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf, and the ASL Proficiency Interview) and (b) determine their ability to tailor the instruction so that families are prepared to communicate with infants and very young children.
8. Conduct a needs assessment to determine the number of professionals (compensated or volunteer) with the qualifications and skills required to serve as ASL instructors for families/parents of infants.
9. Ensure that ASL instructors can accept, without judgment, a family's use of their sign language skills with or without spoken language.
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Goal 3b: Intervention services to develop listening and spoken language will be provided by professionals who have specialized skills and knowledge.
The development of listening and spoken language skills is now attainable for the vast majority of infants/children who are D/HH (without severe additional disabilities) when they are identified early and are provided with early and appropriate EI services beginning with fitting of amplification that ensures audibility across the speech spectrum of the native spoken language (Yoshinaga-Itano & Sedey, 2000). The consensus of professionals who specialize in intervention for listening and spoken language for children who are D/HH is that these skills are frequently not mastered in typical pre-service training programs or educators of the deaf, speech-language pathologists, or audiologists (Marge & Marge, 2005).
Competent service delivery systems have a series of checks and balances, as well as cross-check processes, to ensure fidelity of intervention. For example, an EI provider should be able to share information regarding the child's behavior and response to sound across the speech frequencies with the child's audiologist. This information can assist the audiologist in fitting, optimizing, and verifying the child's hearing aids. This system should ensure that maximal audibility has been provided to the child, thus offering the child optimal access to spoken language. Additionally, the EI provider should be alert for changes in the infant/child's hearing capabilities, which can occur due to permanent or medically treatable causes. These changes are most likely to be a progression of the hearing loss, although improvement and fluctuation in hearing sensitivity can also occur. EI specialists need to be able to individualize services to the child's current auditory capabilities with their technology. Additionally, the EI provider needs expertise regarding listening and spoken language developmental hierarchies and the ability to use diagnostic teaching to ensure that the auditory linguistic strategies being used are the most effective.
Research indicates that there are sensitive periods for the development of auditory skills and spoken language; specifically, the first 5 years of a child's life are critical for development in these areas (Sharma & Dorman, 2006; Sharma, Dorman, & Spahr, 2002; Yoshinaga-Itano et al., 1998). To optimize this short time period in a child's life, families and infants/children who are D/HH require the highest level of provider skills at the very beginning of the child's life.
Unfortunately, most EI systems currently provide limited access to professionals with expertise in listening and spoken language and do not collect system-wide outcomes data on children's development of listening and spoken language skills (Roush, Harrison, Palsha, & Davidson, 1992). Such data are essential to ensure that families and children have received high-quality intervention with targeted outcomes. Many EI systems do not offer professional development opportunities to ensure continuous improvement for the EI providers, nor do they offer consultation/mentorship and/or direct observation to guarantee fidelity of the intervention implementation. These are critical areas of need if best practices in listening and spoken language are to be established.
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1. Ensure that families have complete and accurate information about listening and spoken language development.
2. Identify collaborative partners who can assist in the development of statewide systems capable of providing competent listening and spoken language instruction to families and their infants/children.
3. Establish qualifications of EI service providers with the core knowledge and skills to develop listening and spoken language (Appendix B; AG Bell Academy for Listening and Spoken Language, n.d.).
4. Conduct a needs assessment to determine the number of available EI providers with the qualifications and skills required for developing listening and spoken language in infants who are D/HH.
5. Develop systems and ensure that neither geographic location nor socioeconomic status limit access to competent EI providers with knowledge and skills in developing listening and spoken language. State systems should consider utilization of all technology, including computer and videophones, to support teaching families.
6. Establish and conduct training for EI providers to increase their skills in providing listening and spoken language development.
7. Establish an evaluation of the skills and knowledge of EI providers in their delivery services for listening and spoken language.
8. Ensure that the EI providers have been observed sufficiently, have been provided with feedback, and have demonstrated skills in the provision of listening and spoken language interventions for families with infants/children who are D/HH.
9. Ensure that EI providers can accept, without judgment, the family's use of the listening and spoken language skills they have learned with or without the use of sign language or any other visual communication system.
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Goal 4: All children who are D/HH with additional disabilities and their families have access to specialists who have the professional qualifications and specialized knowledge and skills to support and promote optimal developmental outcomes.
It is estimated from previous studies that 35% to 40% of all children who are D/HH have disabilities in addition to deafness (Gallaudet Research Institute, 2008; Yoshinaga-Itano et al., 1998). These additional disabilities often affect the child's ability to access and use language. Very little empirical information is available about development in the first 6 years of life for children who are D/HH with additional disabilities. However, appropriate EI services should result in similar advantages for children who are D/HH with additional disabilities as for children who are D/HH only (Apuzzo & Yoshinaga-Itano, 1995; Pipp-Siegel, Sedey, Van Leeusen, & Yoshinaga-Itano, 2003; Yoshinaga-Itano et al., 1998). Children who are D/HH, were identified before 6 months of age, and had cognitive skills ranging from quotients of 20 to 80, demonstrated significantly better language scores than later-identified children with multiple disabilities in the first 3 to 5 years of life when they were early identified and received timely EI services (Pipp-Siegel, et al., 2003, Yoshinaga-Itano et al., 1998).
For some children who are D/HH and have additional disabilities, it may be determined that hearing loss is not the primary disability. Regardless of the primary disability, however, it is critical to recognize the primacy of communication for learning and the impact of communicative delays on other developmental domains. Therefore, the team of professionals serving the child must include specialized expertise in meeting the communication access needs of the child.
Early intervention specialists serving children who are D/HH with additional disabilities should be able to:
- monitor developmental needs and outcomes across domains with appropriate assessments;recognize developmental concerns and involve a team of evaluators before attempting to design an intervention program;
- work as an effective and integrated member of a transdisciplinary team, in a manner that optimizes child and family learning;
- modify developmental strategies to accommodate the child's special needs;
- advocate for and facilitate the parent/family understanding of medical, developmental, pediatric, and other specialty reports and their implications for the child's learning;
- collaborate with the managing audiologist to adapt assessment and amplification approaches to accommodate the child's special needs;
- recognize the child's needs and make referrals for specialty evaluations (e.g., feeding and swallowing, oral motor, etc.);
- assist families in prioritizing needs to optimize the level of service delivery at various ages;
- adapt EI strategies to appropriately accommodate disabilities in other developmental domains and to reinforce goals of other specialty providers on the team;
- use augmentative communication devices and strategies, including individualized evaluation and implementation;
- manage mobilization devices and other supportive equipment needed by the child.
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1. Develop and implement a data management system capable of reporting the number and percentage of children who are D/HH with additional diagnosed disabilities, including the following: visual, intellectual, or emotional/behavioral disability; fine and gross motor delays with or without cerebral palsy; autism spectrum disorder; sensory processing disorder; and craniofacial or neurodegenerative disorders or brain malformations.
2. Develop a system with the ability to track children who are D/HH with additional disabilities regardless of the primary disability of the child, identifying the individual or agency that can and will assume responsibility for tracking these children (e.g., EHDI or Part C, public school programs, or schools for the deaf).
3. Ensure that the developmental monitoring protocol is adaptive and sensitive to any restrictions in performance that are due to the additional disability and that would significantly underestimate the abilities and skills of the child.
4. Implement models of transdisciplinary services, making certain that families who have children with multiple disabilities have access to EI services that meet the needs of the child and family in all developmental domains.
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Goal 5: All children who are D/HH and their families from culturally diverse backgrounds and/or from non-English-speaking homes have access to culturally competent services with provision of the same quality and quantity of information given to families from the majority culture.
The number of culturally and linguistically diverse children who are D/HH in the United States and its territories is continually rising. In some major urban areas, and in some states, the number of culturally diverse residents is now the majority. There is a rapid and growing population of children who are D/HH living in homes in which the primary language is not English. Families who use ASL as the language of communication within the home are also a culturally and linguistically diverse population. An additional aspect of diversity is the significant portion of families who have limited levels of literacy, parental education, and/or family income. These families are at high risk for failure to access and benefit from traditional educational services. However, research within the United States has demonstrated that it is possible to deliver EI services that result in appropriate development of children of families from culturally diverse backgrounds (Baca, 2009; Pipp-Siegel, Sedey, VanLeeuwen, & Yoshinaga-Itano, 2003; Yoshinaga-Itano et al., 1998).
It is important that the information provided to families is of the same quality and quantity provided to native English speakers and that it is delivered in a manner that is accessible to the families. Even when culturally diverse families are able to communicate successfully in spoken English or ASL, they may have values and beliefs that affect their understanding and acceptance of information conveyed in EI. These values and beliefs may also affect their ability or willingness to follow through on recommendations. Therefore, it is essential that the manner in which information is delivered is respectful of the beliefs and values of the families and their countries of origin (Steinberg, Bain, Li, Delgado, & Ruperto, 2003 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2005).
Spoken languages throughout the world have differences in phonology, semantics, syntax/grammar, and pragmatics. For a child to successfully develop spoken language skills in any language, he or she must have access to high quality instruction in that language (Robbins, Green, & Waltzman, 2004; Waltzman, Robbins, Green & Cohen, 2003; Yoshinaga-Itano, 2006). Thus, EI providers need to learn to adapt auditory skill development strategies for the teaching of spoken English, to the acoustic characteristics of the family's native language if the family chooses a spoken language approach.
Like spoken languages, visual language systems are unique and differ around the world. However, unlike their familiarity with spoken language, many families are not knowledgeable about their native signed languages, and, therefore, introduction of ASL or other visual systems used in the United States is often appropriate when chosen by the family.
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1. Identify the number of families who speak or sign a language other than English in the home and the percentage of families using non-English languages by native language.
2. Identify the number of families who speak English and are culturally diverse, including the areas of cultural diversity (African American, Hispanic/Latino, Asian American or South Pacific Islander, or American Indian/Native American).
3. Develop a plan for ensuring access to information for families whose native language is not English that is comparable to information provided to native English-speaking families by providing resources in the family's home language(s). Steps should include the following:
Identify the number of EI providers capable of providing EI services directly in a language other than English.
Identify the number of families receiving services that include participation by regular and trained interpreters (knowledgeable about the parent-infant curriculum).
Develop materials that are available in the home language(s) of the child or that can be adapted (not just translated from one language to another) to the particular culture and language of the family.
4. Ensure that families from diverse cultures participate in and feel comfortable giving feedback about services received, by providing diverse communication mechanisms including face-to-face feedback or surveys in the home language(s), buddy systems and peer mentors from culturally diverse groups, community leaders who can serve as cultural brokers and advisers, and consistent interpreters who are trained in the EI curricula specific to families with children who are D/HH.
5. Develop professional in-service training that includes information about providing services to families who do not speak English. This training should include such topics as cultural differences in attitudes and beliefs about disability, behaviors that may be considered offensive by other cultures, avoidance of cultural stereotypes, and different cultural expectations of medical, allied health, and educational professionals. Training should also include beliefs about being deaf and hard of hearing not as a disability but as a cultural and linguistic difference.
6. Monitor the developmental progress of children who are acquiring languages other than spoken English. For some of the more common languages, such as Spanish, there are a few developmental instruments that can be used. As developmental assessments become available in other languages, they should be incorporated into EI programs to assist families in monitoring their child's progress and determining whether the choices made are facilitating success in communication for their child who is D/HH. (see www.sci.sdsu.edu/cdi/adaptations_ol.htm for the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories in other languages).
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Goal 6: All children who are D/HH should have their progress monitored every 6 months from birth to 36 months of age, through a protocol that includes the use of standardized, norm-referenced developmental evaluations, for language (spoken and/or signed); the modality of communication (auditory, visual, and/or augmentative); social-emotional and cognitive issues; and fine and gross motor skills.
The current IDEA 2004 Part C developmental assessment of children with disabilities is designed to demonstrate that EI services remediate developmental delay for infants/toddlers and children with disabilities. In contrast, EHDI systems have been established for the prevention or amelioration of the developmental delays often associated with children who are D/HH. Thus, developmental assessment for this population is designed to ensure that the children are mastering the developmental skills appropriate for their ages and cognitive functioning. Earlier identification of children who are D/HH has been established with the goal of prevention of delay, not remediation of delay.
The urgency of providing appropriate EI services is supported by evidence of reduced and limited success of EI strategies that are initiated after the sensitive period for language and auditory development (Moeller, 2000; Yoshinaga-Itano et al., 1998). The goal of EI services for infants/children who are D/HH is to provide sufficient support to ensure that the child makes appropriate progress toward expected developmental objectives. The best opportunity to accomplish this goal is the prevention of developmental disability. Therefore, progress monitoring should be done with instruments that are norm-referenced. Assessment tools should be appropriate for the language and communication system used by the child.
Monitoring of developmental progress provides parents/families and EI providers objective data about the individual rate of their child's development and can guide their decision making. Additionally, systematic monitoring of developmental progress has the potential to provide states/territories, local educational agencies, and individual early childhood programs with information that can guide system change and continuous improvement by identifying strengths and weaknesses within their system.
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1. Monitor the developmental progress of all infants identified through UNHS on a consistent schedule, every 6 months through 36 months and annually thereafter, to ensure that children are making appropriate progress in the following areas:
- language and social-emotional development commensurate with or within one standard deviation of their chronological ages or cognitive development;
- auditory, listening, vocal, and speech development leading to intelligible and age-appropriate spoken language, if chosen by the family;
- signing, both expressivity and receptivity, leading to appropriate language development, if chosen by the family;
- fine and gross motor skill development, visual and auditory perception, and measures of adaptive behavior;
- analysis of developmental growth over time;
- Development over time can only be analyzed if the child is assessed with at least some instruments that can be repeated throughout the target age range.
- If the child's progress in the above domains does not meet expectations, or if critical variables have changed over the course of the time of monitoring, appropriate adaptations to EI services should be made.
- analysis of the quality of the system using progress monitoring.
- Progress monitoring should also be used to assess the quality of the system.
- States and territories should develop guidelines for determining whether the quality, frequency, and intensity of service is sufficient for adequate progress for an individual child based on his or her progress monitoring.
2. Develop a statewide standard assessment protocol used with all children who are D/HH to provide the state/territory with an opportunity to do quality assurance of components of their EI systems. States could develop a standard assessment battery in collaboration with experts in their state and either directly implement the battery or ensure that it is implemented (e.g., in collaboration with a university, research entity, or other program capable of collecting and analyzing statewide assessment data for children who are D/HH). This information can then be used to improve the skills of the providers and the characteristics of intervention.
3. Develop a collaborative sharing network capable of collecting developmental data for progress monitoring at regular intervals including data reporting to the EHDI database.
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Goal 7: All children who are identified with hearing loss of any degree, including those with unilateral or slight hearing loss, those with auditory neural hearing loss (auditory neuropathy), and those with progressive or fluctuating hearing loss, receive appropriate monitoring and immediate follow-up intervention services where appropriate.
Children with hearing loss are at risk for academic failure (math and reading), delayed language development, progression (worsening) of hearing loss, and/or psychosocial delays. This has been demonstrated in a number of studies over the past 35 years, in populations having all types and degrees of hearing loss (Bess & Tharpe, 1986; Bess, Tharpe & Gibler, 1986; Bess, Dodd-Murphy & Parker, 1998; Brookhouser, Worthington, & Kelly, 1991; Culbertson & Gilbert, 1986; Klee & Davis-Dansky, 1986; Kiese-Himmel, 2002; Lieu, Tye-Murray, Karzon, & Piccirillo, 2010; McKay, Gravel, & Tharpe, 2008; Ross, Visser, Holstrum, & Kenneson, 2005; Yoshinaga-Itano, Johnson, Carpenter, & Brown, 2008). Children who are diagnosed as having UHL may experience onset and progression of hearing loss in the formerly-normal hearing ear (Lieu et al., 2010; Neualt, 2005). Children with relatively lesser degrees of hearing loss may experience fluctuation/progression into the more severe ranges (Yoshinaga-Itano, 2011). Children with auditory neural hearing loss (auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder) have been found to have significant delays in communication, speech, spoken and visual language, psychosocial skills, and literacy development. In general, their developmental profiles are similar to children with sensory deafness (Cardon & Sharma, 2011; Rance & Barker, 2009; Rance et al., 1999).
Very little is known about the developmental outcomes of children with permanent sensorineural hearing loss who experience fluctuation due to conductive hearing losses. Children with hearing loss are at an increased risk for increased hearing loss in the presence of otitis media as compared to children with normal hearing because of the number of children with hearing loss and craniofacial anomalies or syndromes such as Down syndrome. Appropriate amplification fitting and audiologic monitoring are required for these children to maintain optimal developmental progress.
Consistent and frequent audiologic monitoring is important for all children who are D/HH, with any type of hearing loss. However, the audiologic and medical follow-up of the children in the audiologic categories covered in Goal 7 are frequently initiated by the EI service provider who, in conjunction with the parent(s)/family, notices changes in the child's auditory behavior and speech/spoken language development. More frequent audiologic monitoring of these children will hopefully result in an earlier identification of issues such as progression, improvement, or fluctuation. EI providers need to establish close collaboration with audiologists to effectively manage these children. This is especially the case when the EI providers do not have specialized knowledge about the auditory skills and spoken language development of children with all types and degrees of hearing loss.
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Recommendations for Monitoring
1. Refer all children with unilateral or bilateral hearing loss to EI for evaluation and consideration of enrollment. If the child does not qualify for state EI services, ensure that families are provided with access to information and counseling regarding their child's hearing loss and the potential impact of hearing loss on the child's daily life and communication development.
- Develop follow-up mechanisms for ongoing monitoring of hearing, speech/language, and communication for all children with hearing levels that fall outside the range of normal in one or both ears, regardless of the etiology of the hearing loss. This monitoring should include follow-up mechanisms for children with chronic, nonpermanent conductive hearing losses.
- Monitor communication development (receptive and expressive language, speech, and auditory skills) through appropriate developmental screening protocols every 6 months in the infant/toddler period and every 12 months thereafter.
- Identify the agency or professional responsible for surveillance and make sure that surveillance occurs (e.g., either through the medical home or managing physician, the audiologist, Part C, or a referral back to the EHDI system).
- Determine and designate a provider or system (e.g., Part C, EHDI, primary care physician, parent/family) that ensures that developmental screening of communication, audiologic monitoring, and tracking and surveillance occurs, especially if the child has been are deemed ineligible for EI services through the state Part C system.
- Develop and disseminate information about the use of amplification for children with hearing loss prepared by consulting audiologists with expertise with infants/children.
- Provide families with an opportunity for access to visual communication, which may include sign language systems, in addition to listening and spoken language, particularly in light of the possibility/probability of progressive hearing loss.
- Ensure that a child with a conductive hearing loss that has persisted in the first few months of life and remains for 6 months will be referred to EI services and otologic specialty care to make sure that adequate auditory access is available to the child.
- Consider amplification, if the hearing loss has remained for 6 months even if it is temporary, to accomplish this auditory access. This group also includes children with cleft palate or Down syndrome, who are at very high risk for chronic fluctuating middle ear effusion (Gould, 1990; Roizen, Wolters, Nicol, & Blondis, 1993; Shott, Joseph, & Heithaus, 2001).
- Surveillance should include parent/family counseling and evaluation by a speech- language pathologist to monitor progress in speech and language acquisition.
- Limited research suggests that children with minimal/mild bilateral hearing loss may not wear hearing aids either because (a) the children reject the amplification, (b) the parents/family are unable to promote consistent amplification usage, or (c) the parents/family are themselves not convinced of the benefit of amplification (McKay, Gravel, & Tharpe, 2008.
- Provide educational information to parents/family covering the following topics:
- impact of hearing loss on the daily life of the child, including communication challenges in noisy environments, the difficulty of incidental learning, and the possibility of language/communication delays;
- importance of hearing protection;
- impact of chronic otitis media on residual hearing and the importance of audiologic and otologic monitoring of hearing status every 3 to 6 months;
- importance of monitoring the communication and social-emotional development of the child;
- availability of EI services (to prevent delay instead of habilitation after delay is identified);
- pros and cons of all amplification options, including cochlear implants;
- language options, including visual and spoken languages, benefits of multisensory input of language and the need for ongoing comprehensive evaluation of communication;
- possibility of progression or fluctuation of hearing loss and importance of surveillance by audiology and the medical home;
- importance of medical, genetic, ophthalmologic, and cardiac (EKG) evaluations on children with any type and degree of hearing loss;
- importance of reassessment of treatment/intervention plans regularly to consider progress in language and communication acquisition, changes in hearing status, changes in amplification choices, and/or changes in communication modes/methods.
- Encourage primary care physicians to recognize the need for ongoing audiologic surveillance in all children, particularly those with risk factors for delayed-onset/progressive hearing loss or those children whose hearing loss is already being treated with hearing aid amplification. This surveillance should include developmental checks consistent with the AAP Periodicity Schedule or more frequently if concerns are raised regarding hearing or development.
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Goal 8: Families will be active participants in the development and implementation of EHDI systems at the state/territory and local levels.
Equitable partnerships between families and EI programs and systems are critical to the success of EHDI programs and the achievement of optimal outcomes for children. Family leadership and involvement are critical when developing policies and programs to ensure that the systems of care support a genuine reflection of the day-to-day challenges and opportunities facing families (JCIH, 2007).
- Qualified parent/family leaders are appropriately trained on such topics as advocacy, systems building, parent/family/professional partnerships, theories of adult learning styles, and family-to-family support.
- Parent/family leaders contribute to the EHDI system by exhibiting the elements of collaboration, that is, mutual respect for skills and knowledge, honest and clear communication, understanding and empathy, mutually agreed-upon goals, shared planning and decision making, open sharing of information, accessibility and responsiveness, negotiation and conflict resolution skills, and joint evaluation of progress.
- Parent/family leaders have the capacity to look beyond their own personal experiences/beliefs to represent and support a broad community of families.
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1. Develop or revise policies and legislation related to EHDI programs that require the meaningful inclusion of qualified families as active participants in the development and implementation of EHDI systems.
2. Report the number of professional family positions (i.e., compensated rather than volunteer) and demonstrate how parents and families are involved in recruitment processes.
3. Provide resources (professional development training and mentorship) for families to obtain the necessary knowledge and skills to participate in systems and policy development and demonstrate that training is provided.
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Goal 9: All families will have access to other families who have children who are D/HH and who are appropriately trained to provide culturally and linguistically sensitive support, mentorship, and guidance.
Given the low incidence of children who are D/HH, families often feel isolated and do not typically have support opportunities in their established communities. Being deaf or hard of hearing impacts the child as well as the parents, siblings, extended family, and community. No one understands this as well as other families with children who are D/HH. Families report that there is something unique and important in receiving support from other parents and families who have children who are D/HH and have been there. There is a sense of an equitable relationship between the experienced parent and the referred parent that cannot be duplicated through other dynamics (Ainbinder et al., 1998).
Opportunities for families to communicate with one another, chat online, and attend support groups or other activities designed for communicating with other parents and families are a valuable component of the circle of support. National organizations such as the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (AG Bell), American Society for Deaf Children (ASDC), Family Voices, and Hands & Voices (and the Hands & Voices Guide by Your Side program) have models for providing family-to-family support. Support models range from formalized programs in which trained parents/families provide systematic, knowledgeable support, to the informal matching of families in a given community by professionals who know other families with a similar story.
Families rank family-to-family support as one of the most helpful forms of support for the family (Jackson, 2009; Jackson, Wegner, & Trumbull, 2010). Parents/families reporting participation in social networks with other parents/families of D/HH children had less isolation, greater acceptance of their child, and improved interactional responsivity (Hintermair, 2000).
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1. Develop and implement guidelines that address family-to-family support. These guidelines should outline the background and training necessary for family support providers to interact with families of infants/children newly identified as D/HH, including the importance of objective, unbiased information.
2. Provide the necessary training for families/parents who participate in family-to-family support sessions and activities.
3. Identify collaborative channels to create sustainable and compensated family-to-family support services.
4. Report the number and percentage of families who have had access to appropriate family-to-family supports.
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Goal 10: Individuals who are D/HH will be active participants in the development and implementation of EHDI systems at the national, state/territory, and local levels. Their participation will be an expected and integral component of the EHDI systems.
Adults who are D/HH comprise a heterogeneous group of individuals with a wide range of communication experiences, careers, life perspectives, and educational backgrounds. Barriers to their inclusion in EHDI systems can be overcome when professionals acknowledge, understand, and value the importance of providing children who are D/HH and their families the opportunity to meet with adults who can share their experiences being D/HH.
The goal is to have individuals who are D/HH woven into the fabric of EHDI systems at every level. Individuals who are D/HH know what works to meet their language and communication needs in a way that people who are hearing cannot. Since the support of language and communication of babies is intended to be the heart of EHDI systems, it is critical to include D/HH adults in these systems.
Currently, few EHDI systems include D/HH adults in a meaningful way. The system should have diverse representation at many levels. D/HH persons with appropriate qualifications should be included, for example, as EHDI directors, EHDI advisory panel chairs and members, administrators, Part C service coordinators, audiologists, speech-language pathologists, pediatricians, counselors, mentors, ASL teachers, EI service providers, educators of the deaf, and in other roles. To achieve these goals, EHDI systems should partner with national, state, and local organizations that support D/HH persons.
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1. Develop or revise policies and legislation related to EHDI programs to require inclusion of individuals who are D/HH and who represent a diverse range of communication, educational, amplification technology, and life experiences, as active participants in the development and implementation of EHDI systems (e.g., involvement of such individuals in systems will be evident in recruitment processes and in the number of compensated, rather than volunteer, positions filled by individuals who are D/HH).
2. Implement professional development training and mentoring systems and provide the resources needed for individuals who are D/HH to obtain the necessary knowledge and skills to participate in systems and policy development.
3. Report the number of professional positions (e.g. compensated and volunteer) filled by individuals who are D/HH at all levels of the EHDI system.
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Goal 11: All children who are D/HH and their families have access to support, mentorship, and guidance from individuals who are D/HH.
Research has demonstrated the benefits of providing children who are D/HH and their families connections to members of the D/HH community. Families who have many contacts with adults who are D/HH exhibit a strong sense of competence with regard to raising their child who is D/HH (Hintermair, 2000). Families who are typically hearing identify deaf individuals as one of the most important sources of support in addition to teachers, therapists, other parents and spouses. (Meadow-Orlans, Mertens, & Sass-Lehrer, 2003). Community members who are deaf are able to provide children who are D/HH with unique perspectives that parents who are hearing cannot (Chute & Nevins, 2002).
The more interactions that families have with adults who are D/HH, the better they may envision their own child's future, including developing goals and dreams that are not limited by misunderstandings about the lives of people who are D/HH. The goal of the system is to value infants/children who are D/HH for who they are.
Starting at the time the language and communication decision-making process begins, programs such as D/HH Connections in Colorado involve deaf individuals guiding, supporting, serving as role models, and interacting with the child who is D/HH and his or her family. These individuals may share personal experiences or information about being D/HH, educational and communication opportunities, using hearing technology, or the Deaf community and Deaf culture. They are available to go into the home, ideally working in close coordination with other EI service providers. They may assist families in meeting IFSP goals. Providing families who are hearing with opportunities to learn more about being D/HH reduces family stress and promotes family support of the child (Calderon & Greenberg, 2003; Hill, 1993).
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1. Establish an advisory group composed of a critical mass of members who are D/HH, especially those with experience with EI services and programs, along with representatives from the state EHDI system and EI providers with expertise and skill in providing services to families of infants and toddlers who are D/HH who will:
- collaboratively identify potential funding mechanisms for sustainable support services to families from individuals who are D/HH;
- develop and implement guidelines that address providing families with access to D/HH individuals who can provide family support. These guidelines should outline the background and training necessary for support personnel/role models who are themselves D/HH to interact with families of infants/children newly identified as D/HH. These systems should guarantee that families have access to the services regardless of audiologic status (hearing levels or type) and the geographic location of the family;
- develop a leadership training protocol/curriculum for role models and provide leadership training for identified role models;
- develop and implement a mentoring and monitoring system for role models.
2. Make sure that the individuals who are D/HH represent the diversity of the EHDI population (e.g., Deaf culture, hard of hearing, cochlear implant and hearing aid users, unilateral hearing loss, auditory neural hearing loss, cultural diversity).
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Goal 12: As best practices are increasingly identified and implemented, all children who are D/HH and their families will be assured of fidelity in the implementation of the intervention they receive.
Fidelity of intervention refers to assurance that the intervention provided to the family and child is sufficient to (a) promote a good quality of life for the family and the child; (b) provide strategies for the development of spoken, signed/visual, or multimodal language that are appropriate to the family's choices and the cognitive ability and age of the child; and (c) provide strategies that optimize auditory skill development with the family's chosen technology.
High fidelity of the implementation of intervention requires (a) knowledge of intervention theory and methods, (b) well-defined interventions based on theory and methods, (c) demonstration of intervention procedures, (d) supervised practice, (e) feedback on performance, and (f) data to demonstrate that the intervention strategies result in the desired goals.
Ensuring fidelity of implementation includes the following characteristics: (1) linking interventions to improved outcomes (credibility); (2) definitively describing operations, techniques, and components; (3) clearly defining responsibilities of specific persons; (4) creating a data system for measuring operations, techniques, and components; (5) creating a system for feedback and decision making (formative); and (6) creating accountability measures for noncompliance (Gresham, MacMillan, Beebe-Frankenberger, & Bocian, 2000).
Historically, EI providers have not developed systems and programs that document the fidelity of the intervention provided to families and children. A quality EI program should have a process for continuous improvement. Therefore, it is important to establish a means of assessing and monitoring the fidelity of intervention services. This information is key to establishing an empirical evidence base for EI. Without documentation of fidelity, it is difficult to link effective interventions with successful outcomes.
EI for families and infants/children who are D/HH involves a complex interaction of many child, family, background, and intervention factors. This complexity presents formidable challenges for developing well-defined interventions, training professionals in the intervention techniques, and measuring the fidelity of these interventions. In essence, little progress has been made. Clear delineation of successful interventions is necessary to ensure replicability. However, acknowledging that we are in the infant stages of defining and measuring fidelity of intervention, it is critical that the first steps be taken.
No literature currently exists that links the fidelity of the implementation of intervention for children who are D/HH with successful outcomes. However, the extant literature demonstrates that assurance of the fidelity of the implementation of interventions is the key to successful outcomes for children in special education and for medical interventions for both children and adults (Dumas, Lynch, Laughlin, Phillips-Smith, & Prinz, 2001; Gresham et al., 2000; Horner, Rew, & Torres, 2006; Kovaleski, Gickling, & Marrow, 1999; Rowan, Camburn, & Correnti, 2004; Santacroce, Maccarelli, & Grey, 2004). In these studies, positive student outcomes were attributed to three related factors: fidelity of implementation of the process, degree to which the selected interventions were empirically supported, and the fidelity of intervention implementation (at the teacher level).
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1. Develop and advance mechanisms and systems to assess and monitor the fidelity of the EI services received by families who have infants/children who are D/HH. Developed, approved, and implemented standards are necessary to ensure the knowledge and skills of providers of EI services to families and children who are D/HH (see Appendix A). Similarly, mechanisms are required to measure the application of these skills in intervention. The most effective means of monitoring the fidelity of intervention is through direct observation and ongoing mentorship.
2. Identify a critical core group of experts. Trainer-of-trainer and peer mentoring models can provide a system for EI providers to receive support from professionals with the greatest experience, knowledge, and skills.
3. Monitor the fidelity of intervention through direct observation by a highly qualified, experienced EI provider/supervisor. A program of mentorship should be developed with an expert through consultation with individual EI providers. Tele-education/health technology can be used for this purpose. Laptop computers with voice and video communication technology (e.g., distance technology) can also provide expert observation and real-time mentoring.
4. Provide mentorship through input on lesson goals and planning.
5. Encourage and support professional development of EI providers.
6. Conduct self-assessments of EI providers to identify their perceptions of strengths and weaknesses related to the guidelines established in Goal 3 (see Appendix B). The goal of these self-evaluation instruments of EI providers is to identify perceived programmatic strengths and weaknesses and provide professional development in the areas of perceived weakness.
7. Measure the progress of EI providers on their knowledge and skills at regular intervals (Sexton, Snyder, Lobman, Kimbrough, & Matthews, 1997). Refer to Gresham et al. (2000) for information about how to monitor the quality of interventions.
8. Obtain families' input about the skills that they have learned through EI services and their perceptions about the effectiveness of these skills in promoting successful outcomes for their children. Questions should not be about families' satisfaction but about information they have learned through EI services (Young, in press).
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We recommend collecting data on each of the following recommended guidelines. Our benchmark for all of these is 90% or more of the children/families in each state/territory.
- All state/territories will have a coordinated system of access to EI services. The system provides timely access to EI professionals who have the knowledge and skills necessary for promoting successful developmental outcomes for children who are D/HH and the capability of tracking individual children from confirmation to developmental outcomes in EI services.
- Children/families are referred to EI services within 48 hours of confirmation that a child is D/HH.
- IFSPs are completed within 45 days of referral from confirmation that the child is D/HH.
- All states/territories indicate that they have an annually updated resource manual that is made available and disseminated to all families with newly identified infants/children who are D/HH.
- States/territories regularly evaluate the comprehensiveness and quality of the information provided in the resource manual.
- Children/families have timely access to service coordinators who have the core knowledge and skills to fulfill the legal requirements of Part C (helping families obtain services, coordinating services, facilitating the timely delivery of services, and continuously seeking appropriate services) and the requisite knowledge and skills unique to working with children, from birth to 3 years of age, who are D/HH and their families.
- All children who are D/HH from birth to 3 years of age and their families have EI providers who have the professional qualifications and core knowledge and skills to optimize the children's development and well-being.
- Each state and territory has a statement of professional qualifications for providers within 2 years of the publication of this document.
- All providers meet the stated professional qualifications.
- States and territories have a statement of the systematic professional development program for EI professionals working with families who have infants/children who are D/HH within 5 years of the publication of this document.
- Three areas have been identified as needing specialized skills in addition to the general knowledge and skills required by providers.
- Listening and spoken language. States and territories will adopt a mechanism for ensuring that the professionals providing listening and spoken language services have the knowledge and skills that will facilitate the development of these skills for children whose families choose these objectives.
- Sign language instructors. States and territories will report the percentage of families and children who are able to access ASL learning opportunities from a skilled fluent ASL user. All families who chose ASL will have access to trained and skilled ASL instructors who utilize effective ASL learning programs for families with young children who are D/HH. Families who elect to use sign systems or Cued Speech also have access to users with fluency.
- Other specialized methods. States and territories will develop a mechanism that ensures intervention providers have the knowledge and skills to teach integrated systems of visual communication and listening/spoken language.
- States report that they have developed a system ensuring family participation in the development and implementation of EHDI policies and procedures.
- All families report that they have access to ongoing family-to-family support.
- States report that they have developed and implemented a system ensuring participation of individuals who are D/HH with relevant skills and knowledge in the development and implementation of EHDI policies and procedures.
- All families report that they have access to professionals/individuals in a variety of different roles who are themselves D/HH.
- States/territories develop fidelity monitoring systems and set the goal to begin implementation within 5 years from the publication of this document.
- Intervention services for families with children who are D/HH are monitored for fidelity of implementation.
- Children who are D/HH have their development monitored annually, allowing the state to determine progress toward meeting the developmental outcome goals of EHDI.
- States/territories have a system for determining whether EI professionals working with children who are D/HH with additional disabilities have the skills and knowledge necessary to promote successful or optimal/appropriate developmental outcomes for these children. Professionals will receive ongoing in-service education on developmental disabilities (e.g., motor, vision, autism, and cognition) and have access to specialists/team members who are qualified to address the specialty areas needed by the child. IFSPs and individualized education programs include the interdisciplinary services necessary to address the broad spectrum of needs presented by children who are D/HH and have additional disabilities.
- States/territories will be able to report the number and percentage of families who have children who are D/HH in nonnative English-speaking homes and identify the home language/s.
- States and territories have developed protocols of care for families who do not speak English and/or are culturally diverse, as well as a data management system for monitoring, with a goal of implementation within 5 years of the publication of this document.
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In conclusion, this best practice statement has advocated for the implementation of coordinated, statewide systems with the expertise to provide individualized, high fidelity EI programs for children who are D/HH and their families. Consistent monitoring of child and family outcomes is an essential step toward ensuring optimal outcomes for the majority of children. There is a great need to strengthen the evidence base supporting specific EI approaches. The establishment of practice standards, implementation of developmentally appropriate protocols for monitoring of outcomes, and commitment to research collaborations are critical steps toward this goal.
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The Early Intervention Supplement to the Year 2007 Position Statement was developed by the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH). Joint committee member organizations and their respective representatives who prepared this statement include (in alphabetical order): the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (Carianne Muse, MPH, and Judy Harrison, MA); the American Academy of Audiology (Christine Yoshinaga-Itano, PhD [Chair 2010–2012], and Alison Grimes, AuD); the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Patrick E. Brookhouser, MD, Stephen Epstein, MD [Chair 2008–2010], and Craig Buchman, MD); the American Academy of Pediatrics (Albert Mehl, MD, and Betty Vohr, MD); the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (Mary Pat Moeller, PhD, and Patti Martin, PhD); the Council of Education of the Deaf, whose member organizations include the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, American Society for Deaf Children, Association of College Educators of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, Conference of Educational Administrators of Schools and Programs for the Deaf, Convention of American Instructors of the Deaf, and the National Association of the Deaf (Beth S. Benedict, PhD [Chair 2012–2014], Bobbie Scoggins, EdD, and Jodee Crace, MA); and the Directors of Speech and Hearing Programs in State Health and Welfare Agencies (Michelle King, MS, Alice Sette, AuD, Beth Martin, MA). Ex officio contributors to the JCIH include Pamela Mason, MEd (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association). We also acknowledge the contribution of John Eichwald, MA, and Irene Forsman, MS, RN. We thank Sophie Ambrose, Karen Clark, Jodee Crace, Brandt Culpepper, Janet des Georges, Carol Flexer, Petra Horn-Marsh, Tami Hossler, Gaurav Mather, Jean Moog, Barbara Raimondo, Roz Rosen, Marilyn Sass-Lehrer, Laurene Simms, and Arlene Stredler Brown for their assistance.
Joint committee member organizations that adopt this statement include (in alphabetical order): the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, the American Academy of Audiology, the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, and the Council on Education of the Deaf (see individual organizations listed above).
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Russ, S. A., Dougherty, D., & Jagadish, P. (2010). Accelerating evidence into practice for the benefit of children with early hearing loss. Pediatrics, 126(Suppl. 1), S7-S18. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-0354E.
Santacroce, S. J., Maccarelli, L. M., & Grey, M. (2004). Intervention fidelity. Nursing Research, 53, 63-66.
Sass-Lehrer, M., Stredler-Brown, A., Hutchinson, N., Tarasenko, K., Moeller, M. P., & Clark, K. (2010, February). Knowledge and skills of early intervention specialists: Where are the gaps? Paper presented at the Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Conference, Chicago, IL.
Sass-Lehrer, M., Stredler-Brown, A., & Moeller, M. P. (2008, March). Focusing on the "I" in EHDI. Paper presented at the Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Conference, New Orleans, LA.
Schachter, H. M., Clifford, T. J., Fitzpatrick, E., Eatmon, S., MacKay, M., Showler, A., Johnston, J. C., Sampson, M., & Moher, D. (2002). A systematic review of interventions for hearing loss in children. Unpublished document. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Health Canada.
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Yoshinaga-Itano, C. (2002). The social-emotional ramifications of universal newborn hearing screening, early identification and intervention of children who are D/HH. In Seewald, R. C., & Gravel, J. S. (Eds.). A sound foundation through early amplification 2001: Proceedings of the Second International Pediatric Audiology Amplification Conference (pp. 221-232). Bury St. Edmunds, England: St. Edmundsbury Press.
Yoshinaga-Itano, C. (2003). From screening to early identification and intervention: Discovering predictors to successful outcomes for children with significant hearing loss. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 8, 11-30. doi:10.1093/deafed/8.1.11.
Yoshinaga-Itano, C. (2006). Early identification, communication modality and the development of speech and spoken language skills: Patterns and considerations. In Marschark, M., & Spencer, P. E. (Eds.). Advances in the spoken language of deaf and hard-of-hearing children (pp 298-327). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Yoshinaga-Itano, C. (2011). Rethinking progressive hearing loss. CDC teleconference. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Yoshinaga-Itano, C., & Abdala de Uzcategui, C. (2001). Early identification and social-emotional factors of children with hearing loss and children screened for hearing loss. In Kurtzer-White, E., & Luterman, D. (Eds.). Early childhood deafness (pp. 13-28). Baltimore, MD: York Press.
Yoshinaga-Itano, C., & Apuzzo, M. L. (1998). Identification of hearing loss after age 18 months is not early enough. American Annals of the Deaf, 143, 380-387.
Yoshinaga-Itano, C., Baca, R., & Sedey, A. L. (2010). Describing the trajectory of language development in the presence of severe to profound hearing loss: A closer look at children with cochlear implants versus hearing aids. Otology and Neurotology, 31, 1268-1274. doi:10.1097/MAO.0b013e3181f1ce07.
Yoshinaga-Itano, C., Coulter, D., & Thomson, V. (2000). The Colorado Newborn Hearing Screening Project: Effects on speech and language development for children with hearing loss. Journal of Perinatology, 20(Suppl. 8), S132-S137.
Yoshinaga-Itano, C., Coulter, D., & Thomson, V. (2001). Developmental outcomes of children born in Colorado hospitals with UNHS programs. Seminars in Neonatology, 6, 521-529. doi:10.1053/siny.2001.0075.
Yoshinaga-Itano, C., Johnson, C., Carpenter, K., & Brown, A. (2008). Outcomes of children with mild and unilateral hearing loss. Seminars in Hearing, 29, 196-211. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1075826.
Yoshinaga-Itano, C., & Sedey, A. L. (2000). Early speech development in children who are deaf or hard of hearing: Interrelationships with language and hearing. The Volta Review, 100, 181-211.
Yoshinaga-Itano, C., Sedey, A. L., Coulter, D. K., & Mehl, A. L. (1998). The language of early- and later-identified children with hearing loss. Pediatrics, 102, 1161-1171.
Young, A. (in press). Parental satisfaction, service quality and outcomes. In Seewald, R. C., & Bamford, J. M. (Eds.). A sound foundation through early amplification: Proceedings of the International Stafa, Switze2010 International Conference. Stafa, Switzerland: Phonak AG.
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APPENDIX: Knowledge and skills of early intervention providers for children who are D/HH and their families
This appendix includes a listing of broad competencies (knowledge and skills) related to the provision of early development services for children who are D/HH and their families. These competencies, compiled from eight different best practice and position statement documents, are the core competencies recommended for early development providers. The compilation of these core competencies recognizes that early development providers come from diverse professions (e.g., audiology, early childhood special education, educators of the D/HH, and speech-language pathology). Although organized into sections by content area, the competencies are intended to be considered as an entire set of practices needed to work with this group of children and families. For example, specific knowledge and skills having to do with cultural competency are incorporated throughout various sections in the document.
The following original documents were reviewed to develop the tables:
1. AG Bell Academy for Listening and Spoken Language. (2007). Core competencies/content areas/test domains for the LSLS. Retrieved from http://agbell.org/NetCommunity/document.doc?id=19.
2. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2008). Service provision to children who are deaf and hard of hearing, birth to 36 months [Technical report]. Retrieved from www.asha.org/docs/html/TR2008-00301.html.
3. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2008). Roles and responsibilities of speech-language pathologists in early intervention: Guidelines [Guidelines]. Retrieved from www.asha.org/docs/html/gl2008-00293.html.
4. Conference of Educational Administrators of Schools and Programs for the Deaf. (n.d.) CAESD position on early intervention programs for children with hearing loss. Retrieved from www.ceasd.org/acrobat/CEASD_EHDI.pdf.
5. Joint Committee on Infant Hearing. (2007). Year 2007 position statement: Principles and guidelines for early hearing detection and intervention programs. Pediatrics, 120(4), 898–921.
6. Marge, D., & Marge, M. (2005). Beyond newborn hearing screening: Meeting the educational needs of infants and young children with hearing loss in America: Report and recommendations of the 2004 National Consensus on Effective Educational and Health Care Interventions for Infants and Young Children with Hearing Loss. Retrieved from www.upstate.edu/pmr/research/beyond_newborn.pdf.
7. National Association of the Deaf. (2010). Position statement on early intervention for infants and toddlers. Retrieved from www.nad.org/issues/early-intervention.
8. Collaborative Early Intervention National Training e-Resource. (2002). Standards for professionals serving families with infants and toddlers who are deaf/hard of hearing. Retrieved from http://center.uncg.edu/standards.pdf.
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Appendix A: Knowledge and Skills of Early Intervention
Note: The following tables were developed/compiled by A. Stredler-Brown, M. Sass-Lehrer, K. Clark, and M. P. Moeller.
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February 1, 2008 | Commentary on Energy and Environment
On January 4, The Washington Post ran a front-page story about guards found asleep at a nuclear power plant. The article also contained accusations that a whistle-blower had been ignored. Scary stuff, eh? Until you realize it's the same old story New York's WCBS-TV broke four months earlier.
Even when new, the story wasn't exactly front-page material. The plant was never in jeopardy, nor was anyone endangered.
The media's continued fixation on this story suggests alarmism, at best, and bias against nuclear power at worst. At the very least, such reporting misleads the public about the safety of nuclear power.
Let's be clear. Some guards were sleeping on the job. They should not have been sleeping. When the company that runs the plant found out, it promptly fired the contractors in charge of security. In short: A problem arose; it was identified, and it was solved. That should have been the end of the story. But it wasn't.
In the months since the sleeping-guards story first aired, numerous articles have been printed -- and not just by The Post. USA Today ran the story in September, editorialized on it in October, and revisited it again in December. Each article included independent, third-party analysis giving credibility and legitimacy to alarmist views. The problem is that the analysis always comes from the same anti-nuke crowd that's been "crying wolf" about nuclear power since the 1960s.
So why have they been more vocal lately? Well, with rising energy prices and growing concerns over carbon dioxide emissions, nuclear power is enjoying a comeback.
Awkwardly, for the people who railed against nuclear energy in the past under the auspices of environmentalism, the best way to reduce CO2 is to produce more emissions-free nuclear energy. The obvious contradiction has forced even ardent activists to make some accommodation for nuclear power in their anti-CO2 rhetoric.
One of the least expensive forms of energy production, nuclear power has proven extraordinarily safe over the past four decades. The worst commercial nuclear accident in U.S. history, the 1979 partial meltdown at Three Mile Island, caused no fatalities or casualties.
Although nuclear power's safety record means that activists can no longer play on "China Syndrome" fears, three decades of anti-nuclear propaganda have left their mark. Many Americans remain concerned about nuclear safety, and the anti-nuclear movement's updated message is calculated to play upon that anxiety.
Increasingly, the anti-nukers preach acceptance -- but with a catch. Their conditions generally hinge on safety concerns. What seems reasonable, however, quickly becomes ridiculous. Their formula includes overstating the safety concerns, misstating the information used to support their positions, and then demanding an unattainable set of stipulations to meet their conditions. This allows them to avoid being overtly anti-nuclear while advancing an anti-nuclear agenda.
Their arguments are then fed to major media outlets that use them to frame nuclear-related articles. The result: stories that often portray nuclear power as inherently unsafe. Some recent examples include incidents at the Davis-Besse plant in Ohio and the Vermont Yankee plant in Vermont.
At the Davis-Besse plant, safety inspections revealed a hole forming in a vessel-head. An inch of steel cladding prevented the hole from opening. Although the problem was fixed and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission determined that the plant could have operated another 13 months without incident, and that the steel cladding could have withstood pressures 125 percent above normal operations, the incident was portrayed as a safety failure.
A partial cooling tower collapse at the Vermont Yankee plant was far less serious than the Davis-Besse incident. Non-radioactive water was spilled in the collapse, but no radiation was released. Nonetheless, activists cite it as example of the risks posed by power reactors.
Safety should remain a priority at nuclear power plants, but exploiting fears about safety to advance an anti-nuclear agenda helps no one.
The unfortunate thing is that there are great, newsworthy stories to be written about nuclear power: No one has ever died as a result of commercial nuclear power in the U.S.; terrorists have never attacked a nuclear power plant; nuclear power is clean, affordable and emits nothing into the atmosphere. The list goes on.
A handful of guards taking a 15-minute nap on company time does not fairly reflect the industry's level of safety. For a news story, it's pretty thin gruel. Yet that's what leading media are feeding the public. Repeatedly.
Jack Spencer is Research Fellow in Nuclear Energy at The Heritage Foundation
First appeared in the Washington Post
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Lawmakers, Pew and other conservation groups echo call for clear standards
WASHINGTON, PRNewswire-USNewswire/ — More than 400 scientists, lawmakers and the nation’s top conservation leaders today asked the Obama administration to set clear standards for water and wildlife protection in sweeping new rules that would apply to 193 million acres of national forest lands.
The call comes at the end of a 90-day public review period, along with more than 300,000 comments from people across the country urging the administration to develop a stronger policy.
A chief complaint raised by the scientists and environment groups is the absence of concrete standards for forest managers to follow, such as a minimum buffer of undisturbed land around rivers and streams or a mandate to maintain healthy fish and wildlife populations and their habitat. The leaders of conservation groups also noted that in its fine print, the rule lacks a clear commitment to apply the best available science.
“Without measurable standards and effective monitoring, forest planning will too often fail to comply with the broader purpose and intent of the National Forest System and the National Forest Management Act,” said a letter from 405 scientists. Last month, an analysis from the Society for Conservation Biology, an international scientists’ association, raised some of the same concerns.
National forests are a source of drinking water for about 124 million Americans. According to a recent U.S. Department of Agriculture report, these areas and grasslands sustain 223,000 jobs in rural areas and contribute $14.5 billion annually to the U.S. economy.
“The Obama administration’s proposal lacks firm protections for water quality and wildlife,” said Jane Danowitz, U.S. Public Lands director for the Pew Environment Group. “Forty percent of Americans rely on our national forests for drinking water, and those forests host more rare species than even our national park system. It’s critical that the administration backs up the good guidance in its proposal with clear standards for water and wildlife protection.”
A bi-partisan group of 62 U.S. Representatives wrote to Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack today, calling for more specific safeguards. “The course set by these sweeping new rules will determine the future of our national forests for generations to come - it is essential that we get this right. . . . [W]e believe the proposal goes in the wrong direction by rolling back longstanding protections for wildlife. . . . It is vital that the final rule include a strong standard for wildlife conservation that is meaningful, measurable and non-discretionary.”
A letter from the nation’s 13 largest conservation groups to the administration today urged that the rule
• protect water resources through mandatory minimum buffer zones of at least 100 feet along streams and other water bodies that limit harmful activities;
• maintain viable populations of all fish, wildlife and other species, well distributed across their existing ranges on national forest lands; and
• require decision-making to “conform” to the best available science rather than to “take it into account.”
The Obama administration’s new forest policy is being developed under the National Forest Management Act (NFMA), the law that governs most activity on Forest Service lands. The final rule, expected by the end of the year, would replace current NFMA regulations originally developed in 1982 and would apply to national forests and grasslands in 44 states.
The Pew Environment Group is the conservation arm of The Pew Charitable Trusts, a nongovernmental organization that works globally to establish pragmatic, science-based policies that protect our oceans, preserve our wildlands and promote clean energy. www.PewEnvironment.org
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Although the UAE has positioned itself as a region full of job opportunities for foreign investors, all of them must comply with the different laws and regulations in order to operate legally in the country. The local government is quite strict when it comes to filing tax and VAT returns. For this reason, it is important to hire VAT consultants in the UAE to take care of all the procedures and ensure the successful conclusion of each one of them.
In this article, you will find information about the value added tax, what are the laws related to taxes in the Emirates, how you can register your company to comply with this tax, and more.
- What is VAT in the UAE?
- How to know if VAT applies to your company?
- How to register a business for VAT?
- Implications of value added tax
- How to declare VAT in the UAE?
- Why is it important to hire VAT consultants in the UAE?
- How can we help you with your company’s value added tax?
1. What is VAT in the UAE?
Value Added Tax (VAT) is one of the different taxes imposed by the UAE government. Introduced in 2018, it relies on the consumption of goods and services at every point in the country’s economic supply chain.
This tax is an effective way for those registered companies to assume the role of tax collectors on behalf of the Federal Tax Authority, with the final consumer assuming the cost of VAT.
If you are a new entrepreneur in the country and you do not have much knowledge about the tax laws and the different requirements that you must meet when setting up a business in the UAE, it is advisable that you hire the best VAT consultants to guide you and advise you throughout the process.
1.1 Aspects about value added tax in the UAE
The government imposed taxes to generate revenues for public services. For example, it is for security, transportation, and hospitals. Although there are different types of taxes in the UAE, they can be mainly divided into two categories:
- Indirect taxes collected by an intermediary (like a retail store) on behalf of the government.
- Direct taxes collected by the government itself.
Value Added Tax, also called General Consumption Tax, is an indirect tax imposed on most products or services purchased or sold. Generally, the VAT rate is 5%. Also, the Federal Tax Authority is the entity in charge of conducting audits and ensuring the implementation of this tax.
Besides a new source of income, the implementation of this tax helps the UAE to reduce the country’s oil dependence.
2. How to know if VAT applies to your company?
According to the UAE’s VAT law, this tax applies to all companies that meet certain conditions. The companies that must comply with this tax, according to the government, are the following:
- Companies with a yearly turnover exceeding AED 375k on taxable supplies and imports must register for VAT.
- Companies with a yearly turnover greater than AED 187.5k, but less than AED 375k have the option to register for VAT.
Businesses pay the government with the tax they collect from customers. Consequently, they also receive a refund for the amount they pay to suppliers.
3. How to register a business for VAT?
Those unregistered companies can do it through the online portal on the FTA. The VAT registration process is two simple steps.
The first is setting up an e-service account. Then, you must log in to your new account and complete your VAT registration.
3.1 Create an e-service Account
Creating an e-service account is a mandatory requirement for those companies that wish to successfully register for VAT. To start this process, visit the FTA website and follow these steps:
- Select the “sign up” button on the main page and enter data such as email ID, password, and a security code.
- After entering the required data, an automatic email will be sent to your registered email ID for verification.
- Once you have completed the above steps, you will be able to access your new E-service account with your password and username.
3.2 Register for VAT
When your e-service account is duly verified you will be able to enter it. After this, you will be asked to register for VAT.
Then, you will read the begin guide. This guide describes all the requirements related to VAT registration and is divided into sections that outline the data and the process necessary to complete it.
It is highly advisable that you hire the best VAT consultants in the UAE to guide you through the entire registration process and ensure a successful outcome.
However, if you prefer to do it alone, we recommend that you read the guide very carefully (to avoid mistakes). After this step, you can continue with the VAT registration form.
It is divided into eight sections that include the following:
- Details of the applicant
- Banking details
- Contact details
- About the applicant
- Business registration
- About VAT registration
- Review and submit
You must fill every section before moving on to the next. It is also recommended that you save your progress while moving forward as users are logged out after 10 minutes of inactivity.
After you fill in each section with the necessary information, click save and review. There, you can review your answers before submitting them.
Once you have reviewed your answers, the status of your application will change to pending. You will also get an email confirming that the FTA received your application
3.3 Documents required for a UAE VAT registration
To carry out the process of registering your company for VAT you will need to submit certain documents, which are the following:
- Bank account details
- Contact details of the company
- Nature of activities or performed businesses
- Emirates ID copy of the owners
- An income statement from the last twelve years
- Passport copies of the owner declared on the license
- Business trade license copy
- Memorandum of Association (MoA)
4. Implications of value added tax
4.1 Implication of VAT on individuals
Value Added Tax will apply to most transactions of services and goods; however, there are certain exceptions. As a result, the cost of living in the UAE is likely to increase slightly. However, this will depend on the individual’s lifestyle and spending behavior.
In other words, if the individual only spends on things that are relieved from VAT, they are very unlikely to notice any difference.
The government will include rules that will ask the different companies to clarify how much VAT an individual must pay for each transaction. According to this information, individuals can decide whether to buy something or not.
4.2 Involvement in businesses
All companies registered for VAT must be responsible for documenting their costs, incomes, and associated these charges. Merchants and registered companies must charge value added tax to all their customers at the prevailing rate and incur VAT on the services and goods they purchase from suppliers.
Note that the UAE government will pay or claim the difference between sums.
4.3 VAT registered businesses generally…
- May reclaim any VAT they paid on services and products related to the company.
- Must charge VAT on taxable services or products that they offer.
- Will keep the business records, which will allow the government to check that the company carries out its activities according to the legality of the United Arab Emirates.
Businesses registered for VAT must report how much they have charged for it and how much they have to pay to the government regularly. It must be a formal submission and you must do the report online.
If the company has charged more value added tax than they have paid, they must pay the difference to the government.
If, on the other hand, the company has paid more than they have charged, then they can claim the difference.
5. How to declare VAT in the UAE?
At the end of each tax period, companies registered for VAT must submit a VAT return to the FTA.
A vat return is a summary of the value of purchases and sales that a taxpayer has made during the tax period, and shows the taxable person’s VAT liability.
5.1 Liability of VAT
The liability of VAT is the difference between the input tax (VAT incurred on purchases) recoverable in a specific period and the output tax payable (VAT charged on supplies of services and goods) for the same period.
When the output tax exceeds the input tax, you must pay the difference to the FTA. Contrarily, when the input tax exceeds the output tax; the person who pays this tax will receive the difference back.
5.2 How to file a VAT return?
To file a VAT return, you must do it electronically through the FTA online portal. Before filling out this form, make sure you meet all the requirements.
5.3 When should a business file a VAT return?
Tax-paying companies must file the VAT return with the FTA regularly. Usually, you do this within 28 days of the end of the tax period.
The tax period is a specific time for which the tax to be paid must be calculated and delivered. The standard period is the following:
- Companies with an annual turnover of less than AED 150 million must submit VAT quarterly.
- Companies with an annual turnover of AED 150 million or more must submit it monthly.
Note that the Federal Tax Authority may, at its option, request a different tax period from certain types of companies.
If a company does not comply with the tax period and does not deliver the VAT, it can be sanctioned.
6. Why is it important to hire VAT consultants in the UAE?
The support and guidance of VAT consultants in the UAE are of utmost importance for those companies that want to maintain a credible and law-abiding reputation. The knowledge of these professionals about tax laws and the latest amendments will prevent you from making any mistakes or having any issues during the process.
Some of the reasons why you should hire the best VAT consultants in the UAE are the following:
Hiring this service, instead of carrying out the process yourself, is cost-effective in many ways. By deciding to hire a VAT consultant, the requirement of a supervisor, a worker, an additional manager, or tax formalities can be avoided.
6.2 Accurate reports
Also, you must take into account that the wrong VAT filling can bring you problems with the UAE authorities.
6.3 Timely advice
In addition to the support of value added tax calculations, VAT Consultants in the UAE can advise you depending on the latest updates in government policies and global trends.
7. How can we help you with your company’s value added tax?
Every entrepreneur who decides to form a company in the UAE will, at some point, come across laws, regulations, and obstacles to overcome. From the simplest procedures to processes that require more time and knowledge, it is advisable to hire an agency specialized in business setup, such as our firm, to ensure that each step is carried out successfully.
Here, in Connect Zone, you will find the best VAT consultants, we can help you with the entire VAT registration process, we will offer you consultancies if you need them, and we can even help you with your company’s bookkeeping.
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The SIG Sauer P226 RX mates the excellent Romeo 1 red dot to the manufacturer’s classic defensive handgun.
In my Gun Digest book, Handgun Training for Personal Protection, published in 2013, I included a chapter on red dot sights. The first line of that chapter read, “Breath deep and you can smell the future.”
From there I went on to describe what a red dot sight was and gave a lot of credit to former XS Sights pointman Dave Biggers for pushing the concept of red dot sights on defensive handguns. I concluded the chapter with, “The future is coming. When it gets here, we will all shoot better and faster.”
Sometimes it seems like the future is a long way off. In this case, it’s already here.
Yes, I know, for some time various firearms manufacturers have offered handguns that are reflex sight-ready. However, with SIG Sauer stepping into the optics world with both feet, the manufacturer became optimally positioned to address the issue.
For 2017, the company is offering a number of its defensive handguns either reflex sight-ready or equipped with a miniature red dot right out of the box.
What’s a Red Dot?
Before delving into the future SIG has brought us, we first need to understand what a red dot sight is. “Red dot” has morphed into a term to describe any compact, zero- to low-magnification optical sight with an illuminated aiming point. Kind of like how the word “Coke” is often used to describe any cola.
True red dot sights are reflex sights. The dot is an LED (Light-emitting diode) projected onto a lens. There are essentially two styles of reflex sights. One is very compact and L shaped; the other is tube shaped, similar to a conventional riflescope.
With the L-shaped sights, the beam from the diode is exposed to the elements, and this means dirt and such could obstruct it. With the tube designs – which are much larger – everything is contained.
Red dot/reflex sights are not to be confused with holographic sights. A holographic sight has a photograph of a reticle sandwiched between layers of glass. The reticle is illuminated by a laser beam projected into the glass.
SIG Sauer offers two reflex sights and several red dot sights. The company’s “tube” models are what they call red dots.
SIG’s smallest reflex sight is the Romeo 1. It is 1.8 inches long and weighs less than an ounce. It also has a 3 MOA red dot, five brightness settings and is powered by a CR1632 battery. The Romeo 1 has motion-activated technology that powers it up when it senses motion and powers the unit down when it does not. Given its minuscule size, it’s the perfect optical sight for SIG Sauer to match to some of its pistols.
The RX Line
SIG Sauer’s aptly named RX line – RX is defined as: A remedy, cure or solution for a disorder or problem – will soon encapsulate most of the SIG Sauer Classic Series pistols, including the 220, 226, 228, 229 and even the 320.
These pistols will ship with the Romeo 1 sight installed. If the owner wants to remove the sight at some point, SIG Sauer will offer a plate to fill the gap left in the slide. (The slides on these pistols will be machined to accept the lowest possible mounting of the Romeo 1 sight.)
The Romeo 1 is parallax free. This means you don’t have to have your head directly behind the sight, and the dot does not have to be in the center of the sight window, for you to hit what the dot is on.
You just put the dot on the spot you want to shoot and pull the trigger. Until you have actually fired a handgun with a red dot sight, don’t knock it. You simply have to experience it to believe how fast it can be and how much it can improve your shooting.
You see, like with a laser, the red dot sight allows you to maintain a target focus and keep both eyes open; you won’t have to line up a rear sight with a front sight, and then line both up with the target. (This is the problem SIG Sauer’s RX pistols cure.) Yes, there is a learning curve, but hands down, when it comes to speed and accuracy, the reflex sight is the most intuitive sight system available for a handgun.
The problems with the reflex sight are threefold. It makes the handgun larger, and holster selection becomes problematic (this should be rapidly changing).
Secondly, to be suitable for personal protection, the handgun’s sights must remain useable while the sight is in place. It may become broken or covered in debris and unusable (SIG Sauer uses higher than normal sights on its RX pistols to allow them to be used with the reflex sight in place).
And finally, reflection from dust on the lens can become an issue in harsh lighting. So, with holster makers solving the first issue, and SIG Sauer addressing the second, in time I suspect technology will take care of the third.
The P226 RX
The SIG Sauer P226 was designed for the military, is used by elite forces, and has proven to be a first-class combat pistol. SIG Sauer currently offers nine different versions, including one chambered for the .22 LR, priced from $630 to $1,413.
The P226 RX is chambered for the 9mm Luger, and it features an alloy frame, stainless slide with a Nitron finish and an accessory rail.
The RX identifier means this pistol comes with a SIG Sauer Electro-Optics Romeo 1 reflex sight. The top of the slide has been machined to position this sight as low as possible, and taller than normal three-dot Tritium suppressor-like sights are fitted to the slide to allow for their use in case the shooter prefers, or in case the optic might fail.
The P226 RX SIG Sauer sent for review was the SAO version. It comes with an ambidextrous safety and has a very good single-action trigger, with a pull weight of 4.5 pounds.
Of course, the SIG P226 is nothing new; the pistol has been around since 1980, and the SAO version since 2013. What I wanted to see was how well this pistol would shoot, and how much better, if any, I could shoot it with the reflex sight as compared to the fixed sights.
The first thing I did was test five different loads from a sandbag bench rest at 20 yards, firing three, 10-shot groups. The results can be seen in the accompanying chart, but two things are notable.
First, the pistol shot very well with the reflex sight, averaging 1.56 inches for all 15 of the 10-shot groups. Secondly, by shooting several more 10-shot groups using the fixed sights, I found that the use of the reflex sight reduced group size by 25 percent.
Several groups were also fired at 50 yards using both the reflex and fixed sights. At that distance, the reflex sight performed 39 percent better than the fixed sights!
I also subjected the pistol to my favorite defensive handgun drill, which I call the 45 Drill. In this drill, the object is to get five hits inside a 5-inch circle, at 5 yards, in less than 5 seconds, starting with the pistol holstered and concealed.
Using the reflex sight, my average time for this drill was 3.88 seconds. With the fixed sights, my average time was 3.92 seconds. Now, this might not seem like much of an advantage, but like I mentioned, there is a learning curve with reflex-sighted handguns, and I am at the low end of that loop.
For some it might seem a large leap to commit to a reflex sight on a defensive handgun, and that’s understood. Plastic pistols like the Glock and electronic sighting systems like lasers were once considered a leap of faith, too.
Both have since proven their worth, and I think the reflex sight on a defensive handgun will ultimately do the same. Oh, by the way, I fired almost 500 rounds through the P226 RX using five different munitions, and there was not a single stoppage.
Back to the Future
Largely, civilian defensive handgun trends are driven by law enforcement. Law enforcement’s resistance to change is just the nature of the beast.
Those in charge are generally long-term officers who learned to do things a certain way, with certain types of gear. Until they’re convinced otherwise, or until they’re replaced with the next generation, change will be slow. Compound this with the fact that money matters, and it’s hard to get a government agency to spend the kind of money needed for reflex-sighted pistols.
For us average folk, cost will always be an issue, too. SIG Sauer’s RX line of pistols should retail for around a thousand bucks depending on the model. And, that includes the Romeo 1 sight, which has a suggested price of $359.99.
The future is coming. Some of it is already here. Prepare to shoot better and faster.
SIG Sauer P226 RX
Caliber: 9mm Luger
Barrel: 4.4 in.
Length: 7.7 in.
Weight: 34.4 oz.
Height: 6.4 in.
Sights: Three-dot tritium, high profile fixed sights, Romeo 1 reflex sight.
Finish: Hard coat anodized (frame) Nitron (slide)
Manufacturer: SIG Sauer; SIGSauer.com
Editor's Note: This article is an excerpt from the May 2017 issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.
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There are eight daily nationwide tracking polls in the US Presidential Election (polls which interview every day and average their results over 3 to 5 days), 3 further daily national "snapshot" polls, and about 15 further State-wide polls on a typical day, all of which produce widely varying results. Yet your correspondents persist in writing "stories" based on one poll, frequently commenting on statistically insignificant movements within the margin of error of that poll.
The only "story" here is that there is a lot of what statisticians call random noise exhibited by polls taken in isolation. If you want to write a truly analytical piece you have to combine the findings of a lot of polls and look for trends as is done on "poll aggregation sites" such as Pollster.com, Fivethirtyeight.com, and Real Clear Politics.com, and even here you will find a lot of disagreements because some polls are commissioned by Democratic or Republican leaning pollsters working for clients with an interest in their outcome. For the record, those statistically combined polls currently have Obama leading by a remarkably stable 6-9% over the past two weeks.
However even this is not the full story, because, as Al Gore found out, the US President is not elected by the popular vote directly, but by the outcome of 50 separate state-wide elections each of which tend to have a "winner takes all" approach to the allocation of their electoral votes in the electoral college made up of a total of 538 electors. (The exceptions are New Hampshire and Nebraska). Thus winning a state by a 20% margin benefits you no more than winning it by 1%, and thus all the action centres on the larger states with more electoral votes and which are close to 50:50 in their Democratic/Republican voting tendencies - typically Ohio, Florida, Missouri and Pennsylvania.
It is Obama's lead in these states which is absolutely crucial to the outcome, and he would currently have a 375 to 163 "blow-out" or landslide victory in the Electoral College if the average of these polls are correct and the vote were held today. 33 states do indeed allow allow early voting, and about one third of all votes are expected to be cast before election day. So many of those who tell pollsters they support a particular candidate have in fact already done so, and Obama leads even more strongly amongst those who say they have voted early.
There are many additional factors which can make any individual poll inaccurate. Each pollster employs a different model to achieve a representative random sample of the population and adjusts his results by different assumptions of what constitutes a "likely" voter. Many pollsters do not call cell-phone only voters at all (resulting in a 2-3% anti Obama bias according to some research findings) and some use non-representative internet panels or computerised "robo-calls" rather than human interviewers.
And finally there is the much debated and disputed "Bradley Effect" which postulates that some voters say they will vote for Obama, but actually will not for reasons of racial or other prejudice which they do not want to reveal to the pollster. All the recent evidence in state polls indicates that there isn't a current "Bradley" effect, but this will be the first time this theory will be extensively tested in a reasonably close Presidential election where it might actually make a difference.
So please, please, please, Editor, if your correspondents must write about opinion polls, don't let them take your readers for fools and write about individual polls as if a 2% swing has any significance whatsoever. Even sophisticated statistical models combining the results of hundreds of polls can be wrong by much more than that. There is only one poll which matters and even on a quiet news day there is much of real significance which can be reported on.
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Most people consume the same food every day. This does not mean that it is healthy for human consumption. Need to stop to consume.
When you consume this food, they will get into your body, and you will not be able to eliminate them.
The expert from Cambridge watched the man who had done some tests for this purpose. He fought with a headache and some new symptoms.
He traveled to Asia, and has visited China, Thailand, Japan and South Korea.
These are places where people are most affected by these parasites.
Because the diagnosis, the doctors had to act quickly to remove worms with operation, because there is no effective cure for this infection.
Thaeniasis is defined as an infection caused by parasites, and most of the beef tapeworm, pork tapeworm and Asian tapeworm. People can become infected with these tapeworms by eating raw or unroasted beef or pork.
Sources of human infection may be:
* Consuming not cooked pork from infected pigs, resulting in Taeniasis – adult worm who resides in the bowels.
* Through contact with swine or human feces, which can lead to infection of many tissues. It can result in a condition known as neuroticism if the larvae of worms enter the nervous system, including the brain.
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Jump to navigation Jump to search
- Rhymes: -eɪʃən
- The act or process of intensifying, or of making more intense.
- 1941 July, “Notes and News: New Tube Station at Highgate”, in Railway Magazine, page 329:
- With the intensification of air raids on London last September, these tube platforms began to be used as an air raid shelter, and shelterers travelled by train (specially stopped there) from other stations in order to gain access.
- 1962 August, “Beyond the Channel: France: Paris Est renaissance”, in Modern Railways, pages 134-135:
- [...] moreover, the layout fortunately allows for the likely intensification of the suburban service.
act or process of intensifying
intensification f (plural intensifications)
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Tropical Storm Fiona Forms
This afternoon the tropical depression has changed its look to where there is now a central core of convection. This means the depression has strengthened to Tropical Storm Fiona with top winds of 40 mph.
...DEPRESSION STRENGTHENS INTO SIXTH NAMED STORM OF THE SEASON OVER THE CENTRAL TROPICAL ATLANTIC...... SUMMARY OF 500 PM AST...2100 UTC...INFORMATION ---------------------------------------------- LOCATION...15.1N 37.8W ABOUT 920 MI...1480 KM W OF THE CABO VERDE ISLANDS MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...40 MPH...65 KM/H PRESENT MOVEMENT...NW OR 305 DEGREES AT 16 MPH...26 KM/H MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...1006 MB...29.71 INCHES WATCHES AND WARNINGS -------------------- There are no coastal watches or warnings in effect. DISCUSSION AND 48-HOUR OUTLOOK ------------------------------ At 500 PM AST (2100 UTC), the center of Tropical Storm Fiona was located near latitude 15.1 North, longitude 37.8 West. Fiona is moving toward the northwest near 16 mph (26 km/h). A motion toward the northwest or west-northwest with some decrease in forward speed is expected during the next couple of days. Maximum sustained winds have increased to near 40 mph (65 km/h) with higher gusts. Some additional strengthening is forecast during the next 48 hours. Tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 25 miles (35 km) from the center. The estimated minimum central pressure is 1006 mb (29.71 inches).
With regards to my views on where this is going nothing has changed from my mid afternoon post.
There is a large weakness that is going to be developing in the Central Atlantic which opens an escape route for this tropical system to begin recurving well before it hits 55 west.
The other issue is an upper low in the high levels of the atmosphere in the Central Atlantic which will create strong shear and hostile conditions for the tropical depression or tropical storm once it gets there. In the meantime there is a day or two of strengthening possible before it reaches the more hostile environment.
The European model keeps the system weaker and therefore it responds to the low level easterlies that are present. This carries the system closer to 60 west by Monday. However there is a deep trough in the Eastern US Monday which would cause recurvature regardless.
Don’t be without Meteorologist Joe Cioffi’s weather app. It is really a meteorologist app because you get my forecasts and my analysis and not some automated computer generated forecast based on the GFS model. This is why your app forecast changes every 6 hours. It is model driven with no human input at all. It gives you an icon, a temperature and no insight whatsoever.
It is a complete weather app to suit your forecast needs. All the weather information you need is right on your phone. Android or I-phone, use it to keep track of all the latest weather information and forecasts. This weather app is also free of advertising so you don’t have to worry about security issues with your device. An accurate forecast and no worries that your device is being compromised.
Use it in conjunction with my website and my facebook and twitter and you have complete weather coverage of all the latest weather and the long range outlook. The website has been redone and upgraded. Its easy to use and everything is archived so you can see how well Joe does or doesn’t do when it comes to forecasts and outlooks.
Just click on the google play button or the apple store button on the sidebar for my app which is on My Weather Concierge. Download the app for free. Subscribe to my forecasts on an ad free environment for just 99 cents a month.
Get my forecasts in the palm of your hand for less than the cost of a cup of Joe!
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“Inspiring Beauty: 50 Years of Ebony Fashion Fair,” now installed at Bellevue Arts Museum, is about more than clothes. It’s the story of Eunice W. Johnson, who opened the fashion world to African Americans — as designers, models and consumers.
A shower of sequins descends down the back of a halter gown, sparkling like water in sunshine. Nearby, a striped pouf of a skirt winks playfully below lace cuffs and a hot-orange wraparound top. Around the corner, a cloud of tulle bursts out from a sleeveless ballgown made of stripe-printed West African cotton. Whirl your head and spot a gloriously ’80s red-and-pink feather ensemble; take a few steps and savor a simple, stunning rainbow of a gown.
“Inspiring Beauty: 50 Years of Ebony Fashion Fair,” a touring exhibit from the Chicago History Museum that’s now installed at Bellevue Arts Museum, can be happily experienced on its sparkly, silky surface. But the joy of fashion is in the stories clothing can tell. Here, the story is of one remarkable woman, Eunice W. Johnson, and how her decades of curating what was known as “the world’s largest traveling fashion show” was instrumental in opening the fashion world to African Americans — as designers, models and consumers.
That show, the Ebony Fashion Fair, was one of those ideas that took root and grew. In 1956, Ebony magazine publisher John W. Johnson, Eunice’s husband, was asked if the magazine could supply models from its fashion pages for a hospital charity fundraiser in New Orleans. Johnson, instead, offered to supply the clothing, adding one condition: Each ticket sold would include a subscription to Ebony or its sister publication, Jet.
‘Inspiring Beauty: 50 Years of Ebony Fashion Fair’
11 a.m.-6 p.m. Tuesdays-Sundays, 11 a.m.-8 p.m. First Free Friday through Aug. 14 at Bellevue Arts Museum, 510 Bellevue Way, Bellevue; $5-$12 (425-519-0770 or bellevuearts.org).
The event was a success, and two years later Johnson Publishing Company launched its touring show, which in its first year visited 30 cities. Eunice Johnson, an elegant woman with an encyclopedic knowledge of the fashion industry, became its director by the mid-1960s, as well as fashion director for the magazine. Under her guidance, the show became a phenomenon: visiting 100-plus cities per year, reaching as many as 5,000 people per evening, and raising millions of dollars for African-American charities.
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In its five decades, the Ebony Fashion Fair appeared at venues large and small; from elaborate theaters to high-school auditoriums and community centers. And what it offered was something rare: the opportunity to see high-end, haute couture fashion up-close, and to be inspired by it.
“Mrs. Johnson and her team were trying to show fashion at every level, as both the fantasy and also the inspiration for what women — and in some instances men — in their audiences could aspire to wear,” said Joy Bivins, co-curator of the exhibit for the Chicago History Museum. She noted that when the tour began, the civil-rights era was still in its early days.
“Bringing these garments to the public — in some instances, in places that were segregated, where black women couldn’t shop in the stores where they could be found — was pretty radical at the moment,” Bivins said. “And then also providing opportunities for black models to wear these garments, because it certainly wasn’t happening in the high-fashion houses. There were all these elements of creating access, and in some sense, participating in a civil-rights movement through the use of clothes.”
Eunice Johnson, whose contacts within the fashion industry were vast, would purchase the garments on buying tours of the leading couture houses of Europe and America. Bivins said that perhaps 3,500 to 5,000 outfits from the show were archived at Johnson Publishing Company’s headquarters, from which the exhibit was chosen.
A Seattle model
Models for the Fashion Fair came from all over the United States, including Seattle. Linda Johnson Coats, who lives in the Genesee neighborhood, remembered sending in an application to Ebony magazine after graduating from Franklin High School in 1976. She was flown to Chicago for an audition — “the first time I flew by myself!” — and was eventually selected, from more than 1,000 young women, for the tour.
“It was an opportunity that I will never forget — a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity,” said Coats, remembering her year with the show. The models worked with choreographers, she said, to learn the dance movements they performed on the runway, usually accompanied by a live orchestra. Each model would have about 10 outfits in every show.
And, though Coats wasn’t the wearer, she recognized one garment in the BAM exhibit from her year: a sparkly Valentino beaded coat, over a black jumpsuit. “In 1977, it was priced at $100,000,” she said. “It weighed about 30 pounds!”
Coats, who remembered Eunice Johnson as “a really incredibly down-to-earth woman who treated us more like her children than her employees,” was later chosen to pose in a national ad campaign for Fashion Fair Cosmetics. The brand was originated by Johnson Publishing — because, as Coats said, “at the time there was no line for women of color” — and Coats was thrilled to be photographed by legendary fashion photographer Victor Skrebneski. She ended up working for the company, as a model and a makeup artist, for 10 years.
Stroll through BAM’s display and you’ll see decades of fashion history, with work from Saint Laurent, Givenchy, Ungaro, Dior, Valentino and many of the African-American designers championed by Johnson: Patrick Kelly, Stephen Burrows, B. Michael, Henry Jackson. On each garment, something artful jumps out: a silver-and-black puffball of a muff, accompanying a Jean Patou day dress; a tiny feathered hat atop a fierce-looking tiger-print Vivienne Westwood ballgown; a swirly-printed suit from Italian designer Erreuno with matching printed boots.
Note, also, a quietly radical silhouette: an elegant custom Todd Oldham gown, splashed with sequined flowers, made for a plus-size model. A larger model, said Bivins, was included in the show every year from the mid-’80s on, by audience request. “In the same way that the show was about showing black women that they could be glamorous and beautiful,” she said, “the plus-sized model was a way to connect with that element or aspect of their audiences as well.”
A businesslike portrait of Eunice Johnson (she’s holding a phone, as if on the line to some fashion house) has pride of place in the BAM exhibit, alongside a vivid blue, crisply elegant Pauline Trigère day dress from her wardrobe. She died in 2010, just after the Fashion Fair ended its run in 2009. Here, in the colorful whispers of garments that happily walked many runways, it lives on.
(Inspiring Beauty: 50 Years of Ebony Fashion Fair was developed by the Chicago History Museum in cooperation with Johnson Publishing Company, LLC, presented by the Costume Council of the Chicago History Museum, and toured by International Arts & Artists, Washington, D.C.)
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Independent Lens, Global Voices
Raised as Americans, three young Cambodian men are deported back to Cambodia, caught by a system that doesn't offer second chances.
Amlan Ganguly, a lawyer-turned social entrepreneur, has sown hope in the poorest neighborhoods of Calcutta by empowering children.
Nicole Newnham co-directed the critically acclaimed documentary The Rape of Europa, about the fate of Europe's art treasures during WWII. The Rape of Europa played theatrically in 80 cities across the country, and was recently nominated for two Emmy awards. Nicole was also nominated for an Emmy Award for her documentary Sentenced Home, following three… Show more Cambodian refugees in Seattle who are deported back to Cambodia after 9/11. She field-produced the Emmy-nominated documentary Skin for PBS and National Geographic, and co-produced They Drew Fire, a widely-acclaimed special for PBS about the combat artists of World War II. Nicole received a Master's degree in Documentary Film from Stanford University. Show less
Maren Grainger-Monsen is a physician and filmmaker-in-residence at Stanford University Center for Biomedical Ethics. She directed Worlds Apart and Hold Your Breath, a large-scale project on cross-cultural conflicts in medicine currently used in 63 percent of U.S. medical schools. She also directed a series of films on end-of-life issues, The Vanishing Line,… Show more which aired on P.O.V.; and Grave Words, which won first place in the AMA film festival. She studied film at the London International Film School and received her medical training at the University of Washington and Stanford University. Show less
Amlan Ganguly empowers children to become activists and educators, with powerful results. The Revolutionary Optimists follows him as he attempts to replicate his work in the brick fields outside the city, where children live and work in unimaginable conditions.
Using street theater, puppetry, and dance as their weapons, the children in Calcutta's slums have cut their neighborhoods' malaria and diarrhea rates in half, and turned former garbage dumps into playing fields. Now, pushing at the limits of optimism, Amlan is attempting to take his work into the brickfields outside Calcutta, where spend their days making and carrying bricks using methods unchanged by centuries.
The Revolutionary Optimists proposes a workable solution to intractable problems associated with poverty, including preventable diseases and ineffectual governance. Ganguly's story suggests that education and child empowerment are crucial keys to lifting entire societies out of hopelessness.
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The Full Form of ICU is Intensive Care Unit. If you’ve been in the hospital, you may be wondering what it is and what it does. If so, read this article to find out more. In a nutshell, an intensive care unit is a hospital unit that provides critical care to patients who are in the most critical condition. This type of unit contains medical equipment for monitoring patient health and giving critical support medication. Common equipment in this type of unit includes feeding tubes, mechanical ventilators, external pacemakers, and suction tubes.
Intensive Care Unit
The term Intensive Care Unit, or ICU, is used for various types of units in a hospital. Some units are dedicated to newborns. These are specially designed for these patients. In many cases, patients can be immediately transferred from the emergency room to this type of unit. Others specialize in treating certain types of cardiac and respiratory problems. Pediatric intensive care units can also be found at some facilities. Pediatric cardiac intensive care units are usually devoted to pediatric patients who are suffering from congenital heart disease, postoperative cardiac catheterization, and cardiac transplant.
The level of staffing in an ICU varies depending on the patient’s critical condition. In countries such as Australasia, the ratio of medical professionals to patients is approximately 2:1. However, the ratio varies depending on the level of medical complexity. A ratio of one nurse to four patients in the ICU is more typical in highly-dependency patients. These patients may be on mechanical ventilators and require extremely intensive care. These patients may also be receiving anaesthetics such as fentanyl or morphine.
Although people in the ICU are generally very sick, the time they spend in the unit is usually short, and they are soon transferred to a regular hospital ward. Visitors are generally limited to immediate family members. Mobile phones should be turned off. The purpose of these restrictions is to ensure that the medical staff have easy access to critical medical equipment and to the patient. Visiting a patient in an ICU is a stressful experience, and they may want to know what to expect during their stay.
Function OF ICU
Patients in the intensive care unit often receive 24-hour critical care. The nurses in this setting are specially trained in the care of these patients. In addition to doctors, intensive care nurses monitor one or two patients at a time. According to a study conducted in 2016, 34,000 Medicare beneficiaries were admitted to the ICU for critical care. The average length of stay in an ICU was 3.4 days. The study also noted that patients who needed intensive care were likely to die while in the unit.
An intensive care unit can be classified as either an ICU or an MICU. An MICU treats patients with many medical conditions. A SICU, on the other hand, is a specialty unit that treats patients who have recently undergone a major surgery. The latter unit is often referred to as a trauma intensive care unit. Its staff members are highly trained and may have additional credentials. If you’re unsure of the exact classification of an ICU, make sure to consult the hospital’s website for a full definition of ICUs.
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Whats on Friday from RBI Governor Mr.Raghuram Rajan
RBI Governor Mr.Raghuram Rajan announced the Monetory policy of RBi for the second quarter of the year on Friday. In this his announcement made against the expectation from several kind of people. In this Rajan has increased 0.25bps in Repo rates. The first announcement of RBI Governor made an great turning point in stock market. To control the cash flow in India the the important policy changes has been slashed by RBI. Cash credit policy for the banks remains the same. Borrowing money on Debentures for Emergency period the amount received from RBI as standing marginal facility is being decreased from 10.25% to 9.5%.
Cash Reserve Policy
The amount being collected from public as Deposits some amount need to be invested in RBI and in turn RBI paying 4% as interest rates this is called as Reserve Ratio. In this collected deposit 99% needed to invest in RBI but now it has been decreased to 95% to banks. Banks are being borrowed every time this is called as Repo rate and now it is 7.25% interest need to pay but after the policy announcement on Friday 20/09/2013 it has been increased to 7.50% which 0.25%bps has been increased due to this banks interest expense, personal, vehicle, home loans and corporate loans to firms and business to be increased from now due to this.
Reverse Repo Rate policy
Banks will deposit the extra money which they have in RBI for short term this is called as Reserve Repo Rate. Between Reserve rate and Reserve Repo rate there should be an difference of 1% as per RBI policy, so the repo rate has been increased an 0.25% which hikes from 6.25% to 6.50% if this is more or less equal to the public and private sectors lending, bank will show interest to deposit in RBI directly so the difference is maintained. So the risk factor is very less to bank when depositing the money in RBI.
When Money Inflation is high changing the repo rates by RBI is a usual thing. Inflation is happening due to two factors, one is supply vs demand when demand is more and supply is less, then Inflation may rise. Another one reason is Excess money flow in public leads and thinks to buy unnecessary things apart from their needs.
Due to price hike in Food and Oil August month Inflation has raised to 6.1% which is the highest in last six months and also the Retail Price Index also increased to 9.52% which is all due to Inflation. Rains are good all over India in this year 2013 the Agricultural production is expected to be double this year which touches 4.5% and also Wholesale Price Index should be always under the control of banks. So due to get into control Mr.Raghuram Rajan has changed the important Interest rates in last Monetory Policy change. Next Monetory policy change is expected in next month October 29,2013.
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Many people saw the following video floating around on the internet titled “Kanekalon hair should be illegal.” In this clip, the woman says that we need to stop using Kanekalon hair because it’s carcinogenic. She further states that the two main components that makeup kanekalon, such as acrylonitrile, and vinyl chloride, affect the endocrine system (thyroid, ovaries, and breast). These chemicals can absorb through our skin or be inhaled and are toxic and cancerous.
Knowing very little about Kanekalon hair, We decided to research how Kanekalon hair is made and whether these ingredients were toxic.
So I quickly found https://www.kanekalon-hair.com/en/about.html, a company that manufactures Kanekalon, and learned that there are four types of fibers used for hair accessory products.
Modacrylic fiber: This synthetic fiber is composed of acrylonitrile and vinyl chloride
PVC fiber: This synthetic fiber is composed of vinyl chloride
Flame retardant polyester fiber: This synthetic fiber is composed of polyethylene-terephthalate
Organic Protein fiber: This fiber mainly comprises collagen protein as a raw material.
Today I thought it would be good to focus on the first two since they contained the same fiber the lady discussed in the video, acrylonitrile and vinyl chloride.
So now that I learned what Kanekalon Fiber is composed of, I wanted to know how they are fused. One patent reads:
The Kanekalon Fiber is a modacrylic fiber composed of a combination of two monomers: acrylonitrile and vinyl chloride, which are joined together in a process called Co-polymerization. Co-polymerization produces a dry resin which is in turn dissolved into a liquid state or dope. This solution is forced through a multi-hole metal disk called a spinnerette, then into a water bath where it solidifies to form continuous strands. These strands or filaments called “tow” are then dried and stretched and finally become fiber as we know it.
Synthetic hairs are made from low-grade acrylic heated and strung into strands to make individual hair fibers. These fibers are then tied into extensions to make wigs, weaves and braiding hair.
If you care to dig a little deeper about how monomers and polymers are combined in the hair-making process, then check out this Yale Professor’s explanation.
Now that I learned how Kanekalon hair was made, it was time to dive into these compounds.
Acrylonitrile is a colorless, volatile liquid used to make rubber, resins, plastic, and synthetic fiber.
According to the NIH, exposure to acrylonitrile irritates the mucous membranes and causes a headache, nausea, dizziness, impaired judgment, difficulty breathing, limb weakness, cyanosis, convulsions, and collapse. Acrylonitrile is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen and may be associated with an increased risk of developing lung and prostate cancer.
I went a step further and dug into my favorite website to research skin and hair care ingredients on EWG Skin Deep to find the toxicity score and further research on acrylonitrile. According to the website, acrylonitrile has a toxicity score of 7 out of 10 with robust research on the matter, supporting claims that it is a human lung and skin toxicant, a possible human carcinogen, cancerous, and some limited research on reproductive and developmental toxicity.
Additionally, on the EPA’s website, acrylonitrile is said to be classified as a probable human carcinogen (Group B1)
Wow, this all gave me a lot of pauses, but I still had one more ingredient to investigate Vinyl Chloride.
Vinyl chloride is a colorless gas that burns quickly and is used to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC), used for plastic products, such a wire, cable coating, packaging material, and wigs. Exposure to vinyl chloride may come through inhalation via tobacco smoke and, unfortunately, contaminate the water supply.
The first website I found relating to the effects of vinyl chloride came directly from cancer.gov:
Vinyl chloride exposure is associated with an increased risk of a rare form of liver cancer (hepatic angiosarcoma) and brain and lung cancers, lymphoma, and leukemia.
The CDC also states that vinyl chloride gas can pass through your skin and enter your body. They also say that breathing high levels of vinyl chloride will make you feel dizzy and sleepy.
Finally, I found a study showing that volatile organic compound emissions from heated synthetic hair. The study said that when flames are used on this hair, e.g., when you “burn the tips” of your synthetic braids to prevent unraveling, it releases toxins into the air that may trigger asthma or cause you to feel dizzy or sleepy. Additionally, it noted that when the hair is heated (curling iron or flat irons) without singeing, VOCs were still released into the home, many of which are toxic and or carcinogenic.
Though there have not been any studies done directly on black women wearing Kanekalon hair, the research supports that the two ingredients used to make Kanekalon fibers, the Modacrylic and PVC and proven toxins and are cancerous.
Feeling unsatisfied with our research result at Poshglad Braided Wigs, we decided to ask a scientist and a molecular biologist from Yale University about this topic, and here is what they have to say,
Word from a chemist
Sodium and hydrogen are incredibly explosive, but they produce water ”H2O” when combined. Kanekalon hair production goes through a similar chemical reaction, and the final product is not Toxic. However, we all know that the abuse of anything is harmful.
Word from a molecular biologist
As a molecular biologist, I don’t think we should conclude from what is stated because these chemicals are polymerized to form these fibers. Polymerization is a chemical reaction which means that the polymerized compound will have different properties to the individual chemicals. For example, if you put Sodium in water, it’ll light up and, when chlorine is inhaled, it’s poisonous, but when Sodium and chlorine react, we have a table salt known as sodium chloride, which is NOT harmful. So, it would be misleading to suggest that kanekalon hair is toxic.
In conclusion, no known medical study, experiment, or evidence confirms that kanekalon hair causes cancer, so for these reasons, we do not think that kanekalon is directly related to causing cancer. It’s all hearsay or personal opinion from people. Stay tuned for when we talk about the other two compounds and braided wigs.
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In London, a secret society led by lawyer Thaddeus Merrydew collects the assets of any of its deceased members and divides them among the remaining members. Society members start dropping like flies. Sherlock Holmes is approached by member James Murphy's widow, who is miffed at being left penniless by her husband. When Captain Pyke is shot, Holmes keys in on his mysterious Chinese widow as well as the shady Merrydew. Other members keep dying--Malcom Dearing first, then Mr. Baker. There is also an attempt on the life of young Eileen Forrester, who became a reluctant society member upon the death of her father. Holmes' uncanny observations and insights are put to the test.
Original Language English
Runtime 1h 12m
May 14, 1933
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Both the United Kingdom and Japan are constituted from multiple islands, each having their different characters, rituals and traditions. Island Nations explores the similarities, links, crossovers and connections between creative practitioners from two academic institutions – Birmingham City University and Joshibi University of Art and Design in Tokyo. Delayed by the pandemic, the exhibition launched in Japan in May 2021 showing a diverse and sensitive range of outcomes with themes exploring the importance of place, climate and our environment evident from the responses.
Dry Vase is a response to our shared love of blossom and the lift it gives us at the start of spring. In Japan the fleeting beauty of the sakura cherry blossom season is marked by the annual Hanami festival. The piece also references the exquisite tending of gardens in Japan. The geometric kimono fabric chosen creates micro-structured formations round the ‘blossom’ chips, in a similar way that pale stones do within Japanese dry gardens. The piece creates a contemplative feel intended as a focal point for reflection on the extraordinary times we are living through and the loss that so many families are having to come to terms with.
It was sent out to Japan with an invitation to use the vase for ikebana – flower arranging. Placing flowers in a vessel has strong symbolic meaning in both cultures and linked to moments of both joy and sorrow. I was interested to see how Joshibi friends would respond to a form that didn’t naturally hold water. Without water, the freshness of any natural elements would be extra fleeting. I like the idea that falling petals and leaves could add further fragments of colour to the piece.
Before sending it to Japan, I attempted ikebana using pruned elements from my allotment. In the exhibition space, it was fascinating to see the different approaches taken and the floral choices made. The ‘conversation through flowers’ will continue when it becomes feasible to have a UK-based exhibition of the work at the School of Art in Birmingham.
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What characterizes this fetus as human?
The human fetus. Notice the details in the face and hands. Compare this to the human embryo, and the amount of growth and development is truly remarkable.
Growth and Development of the Fetus
From the end of the eighth week until birth, the developing human organism is referred to as a fetus. Birth typically occurs at about 38 weeks after fertilization, so the fetal period generally lasts about 30 weeks. During this time, as outlined in Figure below, the organs complete their development. The fetus also grows rapidly in length and weight.
By the 38th week, the fetus is fully developed and ready to be born (see Figure below). A 38-week fetus normally ranges from 36 to 51 centimeters (14–20 inches) in length and weighs between 2.7 and 4.6 kilograms (about 6–10 pounds).
- The fetal stage begins about two months after fertilization and continues until birth.
- During this stage, organs continue to develop, and the fetus grows in size.
- Make a flow chart of embryonic and fetal development.
- Why would an embryo be more susceptible than a fetus to damage by toxins?
|[Figure 1]||Credit: Gray's Anatomy, modified by User:Amada44/Wikimedia Commons
License: CC BY-NC
|[Figure 2]||Credit: CK-12 Foundation, using embryo illustrations copyright lelik759, 2014
License: Embryo illustrations used under license from Shutterstock.com
|[Figure 3]||Credit: Gray's Anatomy, modified by User:Amada44/Wikimedia Commons
License: Public Domain
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On Lorin Fahrmeier's farm in Lexington, Mo., her husband has already started planting broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower. (Courtesy photo)
With one of the warmest early spring seasons in memory, many farmers have taken to their fields earlier than usual. But on the farm, the early bird doesn’t always catch the worm. Planting early holds both big gains and big risks.
Some farmers have taken advantage of the record warm temperatures and have started planting. Chris Pawelski, a farmer from upstate New York, is grateful for the extra time.
“(I’m) planting way early,” Pawelski wrote on our Facebook wall. “(We) started planting our onions on March 17th ... the earliest start in over 20 years.”
Last year, Pawelski said, he didn’t start planting until April 9. This year, he already has everything in the ground. That’s possible, in part, because his cover crop of barley, which protects the onions from wind damage, took advantage of the mild winter and has already started to sprout.
Not everyone is sold, though. Missouri farmer Bryce Oates told us that he’s wary of the mild temperatures.
“I'm hedging my bets and transplanting around one-third of my tomato, pepper, cucumber and melon crop into the field early,” Oates wrote on our Facebook wall. “The rest will remain in trays for another month or so.”
Take a look around many Midwestern orchards and you’ll see beautiful blooms on most trees. It makes for great scenery, but has fruit growers uneasy. One freezing-cold spring night in the next few weeks could decimate their crop.
“We’re all saying our prayers more or less, and just hoping to whatever gods that they just spare us from the cold,” Paul Rasch, who owns Wilson’s Orchard on the outskirts of Iowa City, told reporter Kate Wells.
If warm weather holds, both Iowa fruit trees and Illinois soy should do well. If not, they’ll be in trouble.
“I can see April 10 that there will be a lot of farmers with their tractors running, so on April 11 everybody can get going if conditions are right,” Iowa farmer Riley Lewis told Iowa Public Radio’s Sarah McCammon.
Of course, some farmers will gamble that another frost is on the horizon while others will take a chance and plant early. Will the early farmer reap the biggest harvest? Time will tell.
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1986 FORD TRUCK WIRING DIAGRAM
9200 International Wiring Diagram - Women in Technology
Wiring Diagram Best 1973 1979 ford Truck Wiring. 57 65 Chevy Wiring Diagrams. 1973 1979 ford Truck Wiring Diagrams & Schematics fordification. 97 International 4700 1986-2008 International Truck (ALL MODELS) Workshop Repair (12-16-2015, 08:38 AM) Adolfo Wrote: here is the wiring diagram of cummins celect engine
1989 ford ranger wiring diagram - gciareits
It is important to select your exact vehicle year as wiring inside the vehicle could change even though the vehicle appearance is the same. There Are 8 Vehicles. Select Your Exact Vehicle. 1987-1988 Ford Ranger Wiring Chart & Diagrams-1991 Ford Ranger Wiring Chart & Diagrams.; Select your Year, Make and Model.
Ford Audio Wire Diagrams - Car Stereo Wiring Diagrams - Google
1995 Alfa Romeo 164 Car Stereo Wire Diagram. Buick Audio Wiring Guides. Buick Century Audio Wiring Guides. Ford Audio Wire Diagrams The list of Ford Stereo Wiring Diagrams that were displayed here will be described in details in the link on every Ford Years and Series as mentioned below. 1987 Ford Ranger Pickup Truck 1986 Ford Ranger
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ford ignition control module wiring, MSD-83648. If you didn't know, these modules are all prone to failure due to the heat they endure mounted on the distributor. The distributor is at 200 degrees with the radiator blowing hot air on it. I moved this module over to the inner fender wall on my 65 f100. I mounted it on a 5 inch by 5 inch heat sink.
Ford F-150: Fuse Box Diagram | Ford-trucks
Oct 30, 2014Ford F-150: Fuse Box Diagram. Here is everything you need to know about fuses in your Ford F-150 truck. By Pizzaman711 - October 30, 2014 This is normally due to a frayed or loose wiring causing it to not make proper contact. Related Discussion and Readings. Fuse Box - F150forum; Locating and Changing a Fuse - CarCareKiosk; Ford
HONDA - Car PDF Manual, Wiring Diagram & Fault Codes DTC
Some HONDA Car Manuals PDF & Wiring Diagrams above the page - Civic, CR-V, Fit, Ridgeline, S2000, Accord, Odyssey, Element, Pilot; Honda Car EWDs. In 1946, the Japanese automobile company Honda was created. Its founder Soichiro Honda did not have the necessary engineering education, but he compensated for all the gaps with risk and accurate instinct.
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RENAULT Car Manuals PDF & Wiring Diagrams above the page - Duster, Kajar, Kangoo, Koleos, Logan, Megane, R5, Clio, Captur, Master, Espace, Scenic, Talisman, Alaskan, Wind, Zoe, Thalia, Twizi, VelSatis, Fluence, Laguna; Renault EWDs. In 1898, the French company Renault, specializing in the manufacture of automobiles, was founded brand was founded by the
Peterbilt PDF manuals & wiring diagrams - Truckmanualshub
Nov 14, 2018Peterbilt Medium Duty Truck Owner’s Manual: 2: Download: Title: File Size: Download Link: Peterbilt 335 with 3126E Schematics wiring diagram: 107: Download: Peterbilt 348 Schematics wiring diagram to the mid-1980s, the company was based in San Francisco, and the main plant was located in Newark, California. In 1986
72 International Truck Service Manuals PDF free download
Oct 04, 2018International Workstar 2013 Wiring Diagram: 103: Download: Spare Parts Manuals PDF. Title: File Size: Download Link: International Truck ISIS. Navistar International History. trucks under the International brand, which was ruined and sold in parts in 1984. The modern name was introduced in 1986.
Wiring Diagrams for Cars, Trucks, & SUVs - AutoZone
Find out how to access AutoZone's Wiring Diagrams Repair Guide for Mazda 323, MX-3, 626, MX-6, Millenia, Protégé 1990-1998 and Ford Probe 1993-1997. Read More Volkswagen Front Wheel Drive 1974-89 Wiring Diagrams Repair Guide
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Gordon G. Chang, Contributor
I write about Asia, especially the Chinese economy.
On the evening of May 26 a 23-year-old worker jumped to his death at a factory in Longhua, located in southern China near Hong Kong. The apparent suicide was the tenth since late January at facilities run by Foxconn Technology Group, the world’s largest maker of electronics and computer parts. The company puts together the iPhone, the iPod, the iPad and the MacBook. Foxconn also manufactures PlayStation consoles for
Hours before the latest tragic incident, billionaire Terry Gou, the chairman of Foxconn parent Hon Hai Precision, toured the Longhua plant, believed to be the planet’s largest factory. “Generally, the suicide rate in a society will increase when its GDP rises,” said Gou, protected by dozens of bodyguards, as he defended working conditions from complaints aired both inside and outside China. “I’ve consulted psychologists, and they told me the suicide rate at Foxconn is much lower than the country’s average.”
Although Gou believes “every single life is valuable,” Foxconn maintains severe working conditions contributing to the tragic incidents. Workers–the company employs about 300,000 at Longhua and another 120,000 at a second plant in Shenzhen–struggle through mind-numbing 10-hour days and are forced to accept overtime, getting only one day off a week. There is a strict ban on communication on the shop floor, and labor activists complain of production lines that move too fast. Workers live 12-to-a-room in company dormitories. No wonder Gou, the third-richest person in Taiwan, said he could not promise there would be no more worker suicides in Shenzhen.
So far, Foxconn has hired monks, set up a suicide-prevention hotline and installed nets to catch jumpers and fences to stop attempts. Moreover, the company has asked–in reality, forced–workers to sign pledges that they would not take their own lives. The document also purports to absolve Foxconn of any liability to pay compensation above that required by law. Gou this week apologized for the “pledge” and promised the company would discontinue its use.
On the same day as Gou’s whirlwind tour–and the day of the latest death–
Perhaps the latest tactic will end the string of gruesome events, but the Foxconn deaths will continue to grip the Chinese public, in part because they are occurring at the same time as a series of brutal attacks on schoolchildren across China. So what is happening in Chinese society?
There is the anguish accompanying modernization and the anger created by intensifying political repression. All this is publicized and magnified by instant communications and the Internet. The mystery of the suicides is that Foxconn’s facilities are by no means the worst in China. On the contrary, because the company is so visible, its working conditions, as dehumanizing as they are, are considered to be among the best of the mass manufacturers in the country.
That’s why, on one level, the suicides are so troubling. They strike at the heart of the Chinese industrial system, perhaps signaling the questioning of the Communist Party’s model of manufacturing. That model worked because peasants were willing to travel a thousand miles to live in labor-camp conditions.
Today, we see the social detachment, alienation and despair that are the result of an efficient–but ultimately unsustainable–system. The inspectors from Apple will examine the details of Foxconn’s facilities, which they have seen before, but they will not look at the larger issue: the compatibility of China’s economic model to a modernizing society.
Of course, hundreds of thousands of Chinese, most from rural areas, will continue to come to work at Foxconn’s sprawling factories. And there will be tens of thousands more when news of the big pay hike reaches backwater villages and small towns across the country. China has yet to become a postindustrial society. Nonetheless, it is changing fast in ways we are only beginning to perceive.
It is the country’s weak and powerless who will one day shape, if not change, their society. Now, ten sets of parents are grieving. The mother and father of Ma Xiangqian, a 19-year-old found dead near a stairwell in a Foxconn dormitory on Jan. 23, knelt before reporters outside the plant this week, seeking answers no one today will–or can–provide. Gou will push production at Foxconn, but his, and China’s, formula will have to change soon.
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A patient is receiving 100% oxygen in the emergency room. Which of the following parameters indicates the patient may require ventilatory assistance?
- VD/VT = 40%
- Static compliance = 45 cm H2O
- A-a gradient = 360 mm Hg
- MIP = -30 cm H2O
An A-a gradient greater than 350 mm Hg on 100% oxygen indicates the patient may need ventilatory support to reduce their work of breathing and increase oxygenation. Therefore, the correct answer is 3. A-a gradient.
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Based on the steady stream of rumors about Sony's upcoming next-gen living-room console, it's widely expected that gamers will be spending at least part of their time playing games streamed directly over the Internet.
According to the Wall Street Journal and others, Sony's in 2012 set the stage for streaming-game content, and the new Sony console, whatever it's called, will offer both streamed games and games played via traditional optical disc, purportedly older catalog titles for the former, and newer games via the latter.
A move to streaming games is a far-thinking idea, and one that would reduce the need for large amounts of local storage for fully downloaded games, as well as the need to manufacture, transport, and store physical game discs -- with games joining music and movies as media types moving away from being distributed through retail stores on disc.
The idea of streaming game content is one we've been playing with for some time. The best-known player in this space is OnLive, a PC-based service that runs game software on a remote server farm and then streams the action, in real time, to players interacting via a controller or mouse/keyboard combo. Since that service, we've been reasonably impressed with it, although it works better for some games than others (for example, casual or third-person action games work better than first-person games, which are more sensitive to even the slightest lag).
The biggest pushback (besides the fact that OnLive has struggled to succeed) is that streaming games are far too reliant on your broadband Internet connection, which can be flaky, slow, or sometimes out altogether. This, coupled with the lag already built into live cloud game delivery, is enough to potentially turn off consumers.
Legitimate concerns, to be sure, and I have no illusion that today's A-list games could all be converted to cloud streaming right now and deliver the same high level of visual quality. But, the discussion about Sony and Gaikai reminds me of a, a PC gaming legend and the lead programmer behind classics such as Doom and Quake. I asked him about streaming games in general, and OnLive specifically, and this is what he said:
I've played the OnLive stuff and a lot of people have just enough technical knowledge to count it out for the wrong reasons. When you talk about having a 50ms ping, that does not invalidate the process. One of the points that I make is that if you take a lot of the console games out there, and you're playing with your wireless controller, going through your post-process TV, the games themselves often have multiple frames of latency.Even if the next-gen PlayStation kicks off with only a nod to streaming games, the era of the physical disc is still winding down. The current Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and Wii U all offer full game downloads (even if many of these consoles have limited onboard storage for full games), and a whole generation of media consumers already thinks of video and music as streaming products from Netflix, Spotify, and others, as opposed to something you get on a plastic disc.
You get an event, you pipeline an animation, and it goes to the render thread and the GPU. A lot of games have over 100ms of latency in them right now. Now it's true that adding latency is always bad, and with OnLive, you're adding a compression step and two transmit steps.
But the laws of physics do not guarantee this to be a bad idea. I don't necessarily think any of the current players will live to see the pot of gold at the end of this rainbow, but I'd say it's almost a foregone conclusion that five or ten years from now, that's going to be a significant marketplace.
From a raw technical standpoint, it has too many positives going for it. There are negatives, but a lot of times, people will accept a big negative for a much bigger win. And the win for convenience and managing your library is huge. And the win for publishers and developers -- zero piracy, instant patching, all that data gathering -- are strong advantages. I don't think it's the big thing next year, but I think it's coming.
The game publishers themselves would like nothing more than to kill disc-based gaming. Think of the fixed hard costs associated with manufacturing an optical disc, putting it in a box, loading it in a gas-guzzling truck, driving it to a store, placing it on a shelf, and waiting for a consumer to march in and buy it (to say nothing of the resale of used games, something game publishers hate). Many of these costs can be reduced in the future by digital distribution, both download and streaming -- not that gamers can expect to see any of the savings passed along to them.
Whatever new hardware is being announced by Sony later this week will surely include an optical drive, as will the inevitable Microsoft Xbox upgrade expected later this year. But if we take a look at the current state of laptops, there's something similar going on. Many popular models, from the MacBook Air to almost every ultrabook, omit the once-ubiquitous DVD drive. Taken to its logical conclusion, this may be the last generation of living-room consoles that include support for physical game discs.
Sony's PlayStation event will be held in New York on February 20, starting at 3 p.m. PT/6 p.m. ET. CNET will be.
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Skin Care Tips For Woman beauty tips for dry skin beauty tips for women
Here are several tips for keeping your horse healthy and fit throughout the cold winter months. The simple fact of the matter is we do not ride during the winter months that can change the number. With your horse standing around the barn or the paddock calories’ burning, but then again, that your horse will need to burn calories to generate body heat and keep its core temperature that is normal. Helping your horse keep his temperature of the body is very important. Back in the day, the winter would be corn fed during by horse owners. What we know is this is able from the fermentation of hay and marijuana helping to keep its temperature of the body to generate more heat.
beauty tips for women
Supplement your horse’s diet with a special feed and\/or supplements to ensure that your horse receives the necessary amount of minerals and vitamins. Water is the most crucial nutrient for your horse. During the months that are cold are more vulnerable to impaction colic. Water is vital for a horse to keep healthful digestion. Making sure your horse has access. They must use power to replace their heat lost to their water when water is drunk by a horse. Your horse will promote and as an extra incentive, each morning, you won’t have to split up a layer of ice.
beauty tips for women
Regardless if you use your very own solution or a thrush product like Kopertox, make certain to avoid that your skin and that your horse’s skin as it’ll burn. Horse’s hooves still grow throughout the winter so you do have to have them trimmed on a daily basis. Keeping your horse’s legs in great condition, free from breaks and cracks will eliminate hoof issues and need that your horse sound and ready for shoes in the spring. Blanket your horse in extreme circumstances or whether you have got that a show horse with abnormally short winter hair. Be proactive and ensure that the blanket still fits that your horse and is in great condition.
Maintaining good skincare is also important that your horse’s health. Bacteria and fungi may come in that your horse having a dirty hair coat. Keep your horse’s skin healthful by carrying his body often. Should you ride that your horse in the winter months? You Betcha. There are so many nice winter days. Not only is riding throughout the winter great for your horse’s mental wellness, but it’ll also do wonders for you too. In case you use a tail bag on that your horse, it’s significant to change the bag every 2 weeks.
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My Great-Grandfather. On the 1920 Census he was still using his birth name. I am in awe if the skill of experienced genealogists. I know what I want to be when I grow up.
OK, I was finally able to find them in the 1920 Census:
Ward 21, Detroit, Wayne Co., Michigan
Stivic, Zivko, Head, aged 32, married, emigrated 1912, alien, b. Croatia, parents b. same, machinist, auto factory
Stivic, Marianne, Wife, aged 26, married, emigrated 1912, alien, b. Croatia, parents b. same
Stivic, Bozidar, Son, aged 7, b. Michigan
Stivic, Felix, Son, aged 4 years, 0 months, b. Michigan
Stivic, Engelbert, aged 2 years, ? months, b. Michigan
Stivic, Gabriel, Son, aged 5 months, b. Michigan
His WWI draft registration card gives the following info:
Zivko Stivic (Stevens), aged 30, of Maryland Avenue, St. Clair Heights, Michigan, born 17 September 1886 Lipovac (Croatia), Austria-Hungary; has wife and two children as dependents. Dated 5 June 1917 at Wayne County, Michigan
They arrived into New York aboard the Saxonia on 5 June 1912 out of Fiume:
Stivic, Zivko, aged 26, labourer, b. Hungary, German, last of Vodinci(?); gives his mother, Anna Landekic of Vodinci as next of kin; bound for Michigan, born in Lapovac
Stivic, Marianne, aged 19, b. Hungary, German, same info as above
They are joining an acquaintance, Anton Kocianu(?) of 32 Hendrik Steet, Detroit.
Ready for a Genealogy Party? - by Janice Sellers Image courtesy of Janice Sellers Are you familiar with the San Francisco Bay Area Jewish Genealogical Society ? It's one of the great gene...
2 days ago
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http://familyknitnspindles.blogspot.com/2008/08/and-then-there-he-was.html
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Physically based and spatially distributed modelling of catchment hydrology involves the estimation of block or whole-hillslope permeabilities. Invariably these estimates are derived by calibration against rainfall-runoff response. Rarely are these estimates rigorously compared with parameter measurements made at the small scale. This study uses a parametrically simple model, TOPMODEL, and an uncertainty framework to derive permeability at the catchment scale. The utility of expert knowledge of the internal catchment dynamics (i.e. extent of saturated area) in constraining parameter uncertainty is demonstrated. Model-derived estimates are then compared with core-based measurements of permeability appropriately up-scaled. The observed differences between the permeability estimates derived by the two methods might be attributed to the role of intermediate scale features (natural soil pipes). An alternative method of determining block permeabilities at the intermediate or hillslope scale is described. This method uses pulse-wave tests and explicitly incorporates the resultant effects of phenomena such as soil piping and kinematic wave migration. The study aims to highlight issues associated with parameterizing or validating distributed models, rather than to provide a definitive solution. The fact that the permeability distribution within the Borneo study catchment is comparatively simple, assists the comparisons. The field data were collected in terrain covered by equatorial rainforest. Combined field measurement and modelling programmes are rare within such environments.
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<urn:uuid:3aa47480-48ee-45a6-add4-f80fb2309ca9>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/multiscale-permeability-estimation-in-a-tropical-catchment(de31cd7a-144d-4b54-896d-95eb35512432).html
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Jacqueline Cochran c. 1943
May 11, 1906|
|Died||August 9, 1980
|Occupation||aviator, test pilot, spokesperson, and businessperson|
Floyd Bostwick Odlum
Jacqueline Cochran (May 11, 1906 – August 9, 1980) was a pioneer in the field of American aviation, considered to be one of the most gifted racing pilots of her generation. She was an important contributor to the formation of the wartime Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) and Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP).
- 1 Early life
- 2 Contributions to aviation
- 3 Postwar
- 4 Political activities
- 5 Legacy
- 6 Military awards
- 7 Other awards
- 8 See also
- 9 References
- 10 External links
Jacqueline Cochran, born Bessie Lee Pittman, in Pensacola, (some sources indicate she was born in DeFuniak Springs) in the Florida Panhandle, was the youngest of the five children of Mary (Grant) and Ira Pittman, a skilled millwright who moved from town to town setting up and reworking saw mills. While her family was not rich, Cochran's childhood living in small-town Florida was similar to those in other families of that time and place. Contrary to some accounts, there was always food on the table and she was not adopted, as she often claimed.
In about 1920, (she would have been 13 or 14), Bessie married Robert Cochran and gave birth to a son, Robert, who died in 1925 at the age of 5. After the marriage ended, Bessie kept the name Cochran and began using Jacqueline or 'Jackie' as her given name. Cochran then became a hairdresser and got a job in Pensacola, eventually winding up in New York City. There, she used her looks and driving personality to get a job at a prestigious salon at Saks Fifth Avenue.
Although Cochran denied her family and her past, she remained in touch with them and provided for them over the years. Some of her family even moved to her ranch in California after she remarried. However, they were instructed to always say they were her adopted family. Cochran apparently wanted to hide from the public the early chapters of her life and was successful in doing so until after her death.
Only later did Cochran meet Floyd Bostwick Odlum, founder of Atlas Corp. and CEO of RKO in Hollywood. Fourteen years her senior, he was reputed to be one of the 10 richest men in the world. Odlum became enamored of Cochran and offered to help her establish a cosmetics business.
After a friend offered her a ride in an aircraft, Cochran began taking flying lessons at Roosevelt Airfield, Long Island in the early 1930s and learned to fly an aircraft in just three weeks. She then soloed and within two years obtained her commercial pilot's license. Odlum, whom she married in 1936 after his divorce, was an astute financier and savvy marketer who recognized the value of publicity for her business. Calling her line of cosmetics Wings, she flew her own aircraft around the country promoting her products. Years later, Odlum used his Hollywood connections to get Marilyn Monroe to endorse her line of lipstick.
Contributions to aviation
Known by her friends as "Jackie", and maintaining the Cochran name, she was the only woman to compete in the MacRobertson Air Race in 1934. In 1937, she was the only woman to compete in the Bendix race and worked with Amelia Earhart to open the race to women. That year, she also set a new woman's national speed record. By 1938, she was considered the best female pilot in the United States. She had won the Bendix and set a new transcontinental speed record as well as altitude records. Cochran was the first woman to fly a bomber across the Atlantic. She won five Harmon Trophies as the outstanding woman pilot in the world. Sometimes called the "Speed Queen", at the time of her death, no other pilot held more speed, distance, or altitude records in aviation history than Cochran.
Air Transport Auxiliary
Before the United States joined World War II, Cochran was part of "Wings for Britain", an organization that ferried American built aircraft to Britain, becoming the first woman to fly a bomber (a Lockheed Hudson V) across the Atlantic. In Britain, she volunteered her services to the Royal Air Force. For several months she worked for the British Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA), recruiting qualified women pilots in the United States and taking them to England where they joined the ATA. Cochran attained the rank of Flight Captain in the ATA.
Women Airforce Service Pilots
In September 1940, Cochran wrote to Eleanor Roosevelt to introduce the proposal of starting a women's flying division in the Army Air Forces. She felt that qualified women pilots could do all of the domestic, noncombat aviation jobs necessary in order to release more male pilots for combat. She pictured herself in command of these women, with the same standings as Colonel Oveta Culp Hobby, who was then the director of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC). (The WAAC was given full military status on July 1, 1943, thus making them part of the Army. At the same time, the unit was renamed Women's Army Corps (WAC).)
That same year, Cochran wrote a letter to Lieutenant Colonel Robert Olds, who was helping to organize the Air Corps Ferrying Command for the Air Corps at the time. (Ferrying Command was originally a courier/aircraft delivery service, but evolved into the air transport branch of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) as the Air Transport Command). In the letter, Cochran suggested that women pilots be employed to fly non-combat missions for the new command. In early 1941, Olds asked Cochran to find out how many women pilots there were in the United States, what their flying times were, their skills, their interest in flying for the country, and personal information about them. She used records from the Civil Aeronautics Administration to gather the data.
In spite of pilot shortages, Lieutenant General Henry H. "Hap" Arnold was the person who needed to be convinced that women pilots were the solution to his staffing problems. Arnold, Chief of the Air Corps, continued as commanding general of the Army Air Forces upon its creation in June 1941. He knew that women were being used successfully in the ATA in England so Arnold suggested that Cochran take a group of qualified female pilots to see how the British were doing. He promised her that no decisions regarding women flying for the USAAF would be made until she returned.
When Arnold asked Cochran to go to Britain to study the ATA, Cochran asked 76 of the most qualified female pilots – identified during the research she had done earlier for Olds – to come along and fly for the ATA. Qualifications for these women were high: at least 300 hours of flying time, but most of the women pilots had over 1,000 hours. Those that made it to Canada found out that the washout rate was also high. A total of 25 women passed the tests and, two months later in March 1942 they went to Britain with Cochran to join the ATA.
While Cochran was in England, in September 1942, General Arnold authorized the formation of the Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron (WAFS) under the direction of Nancy Harkness Love. The WAFS began at Castle Air Base in Wilmington, Delaware, with a group of female pilots whose objective was to ferry military aircraft. Hearing about the WAFS, Cochran immediately returned from England. Cochran's experience in Britain with the ATA convinced her that women pilots could be trained to do much more than ferrying. Lobbying Arnold for expanded flying opportunities for female pilots, he sanctioned the creation of the Women's Flying Training Detachment (WFTD), headed by Cochran. In August 1943, the WAFS and the WFTD merged to create the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) with Cochran as director and Nancy Love as head of the ferrying division.
Award of the Distinguished Service Medal
For her wartime service, she received the Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) in 1945. Her award of the DSM was announced in a War Department press release dated March 1, 1945 which stated that Cochran was the first woman civilian to receive the DSM, which was then the highest non-combat award presented by the United States government. (In actuality, however, a few civilian women received the DSM for service during the First World War. These women included Hannah J. Patterson and Anna Howard Shaw of the Council of National Defense, Evangeline Booth of the Salvation Army as well as Mary V. Andress and Jane A. Delano of the American Red Cross.)
At war's end, Cochran was hired by a magazine to report on global postwar events. In this role, she witnessed Japanese General Tomoyuki Yamashita's surrender in the Philippines and was then the first non-Japanese woman to enter Japan after the War and attended the Nuremberg Trials in Germany.
On September 9, 1948, Cochran joined the U.S. Air Force Reserve as a lieutenant colonel. She was promoted to colonel in 1969 and retired in 1970. She was, quite probably, the first woman pilot in the United States Air Force.
Encouraged by then-Major Chuck Yeager, with whom Cochran shared a lifelong friendship, on May 18, 1953, at Rogers Dry Lake, California, Cochran flew a Canadair F-86 Sabre jet borrowed from the Royal Canadian Air Force at an average speed of 652.337 mph. During the course of this run the Sabre went supersonic, and Cochran became the first woman to break the sound barrier.[N 1]
Among her many record accomplishments, from August to October 1961, as a consultant to Northrop Corporation, Cochran set a series of speed, distance and altitude records while flying a Northrop T-38A-30-NO Talon supersonic trainer, serial number 60-0551. On the final day of the record series, she set two Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) world records, taking the T-38 to altitudes of 55,252.625 feet (16,841 meters) in horizontal flight and reaching a peak altitude of 56,072.835 feet (17,091 meters).
Cochran was also the first woman to land and take off from an aircraft carrier, the first woman to pilot a bomber across the North Atlantic (in 1941) and later to fly a jet aircraft on a transatlantic flight, the first pilot to make a blind (instrument) landing, the only woman ever to be president of the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (1958–1961), the first woman to fly a fixed-wing, jet aircraft across the Atlantic, the first pilot to fly above 20,000 ft with an oxygen mask, and the first woman to enter the Bendix Transcontinental Race. She still holds more distance and speed records than any pilot living or dead, male or female.
Because of her interest in all forms of aviation, Cochran flew the Goodyear Blimp in the early 1960s with Goodyear Blimp Captain R. W. Crosier in Akron, Ohio.
In the 1960s, Cochran was a sponsor of the Mercury 13 program, an early effort to test the ability of women to be astronauts. Thirteen women pilots passed the same preliminary tests as the male astronauts of the Mercury program before the program was cancelled. [N 2] It was never a NASA initiative, though it was spearheaded by two members of the NASA Life Sciences Committee, one of whom, William Randolph Lovelace II, was a close friend of Cochran and her husband. Though Cochran initially supported the program, she was later responsible for delaying further phases of testing, and letters from her to members of the Navy and NASA expressing concern over whether the program was to be run properly and in accordance with NASA goals may have significantly contributed to the eventual cancellation of the program. It is generally accepted that Cochran turned against the program out of concern that she would no longer be the most prominent female aviator.
Congress held hearings to determine whether or not the exclusion of women from the astronaut program was discriminatory, during which John Glenn and Scott Carpenter testified against admitting women to the astronaut program. Cochran herself argued against bringing women into the space program, saying that time was of the essence, and moving forward as planned was the only way to beat the Soviets in the Space Race. (None of the women who had passed the tests were military jet test pilots, nor did they have engineering degrees, which were the two basic experiential qualifications for potential astronauts. Women were not allowed to be military jet test pilots at that time. On average, however, they all had more flight experience than the male astronauts.) "NASA required all astronauts to be graduates of military jet test piloting programs and have engineering degrees. In 1962, no women could meet these requirements." This ended the Mercury 13 program.
A lifelong Republican, Cochran, as a result of her involvement in politics and the military, would become close friends with General Dwight Eisenhower. In the early part of 1952, she and her husband helped sponsor a large rally at Madison Square Garden in New York City in support of an Eisenhower presidential candidacy.
The rally was documented on film and Cochran personally flew it to France for a special showing at Eisenhower's headquarters. Her efforts proved a major factor in convincing Eisenhower to run for President of the United States in 1952 and she would play a major role in his successful campaign. Close friends thereafter, Eisenhower frequently visited her and her husband at their California ranch and after leaving office, wrote portions of his memoirs there.
Politically ambitious, Cochran ran for Congress in 1956 from California's 29th Congressional District as the candidate of the Republican Party. Her name appeared throughout the campaign and on the ballot as Jacqueline Cochran-Odlum. Although she defeated a field of five male opponents to win the Republican nomination, in the general election she lost a close election to Democratic candidate and first Asian-American congressman Dalip Singh Saund. Saund won with 54,989 votes (51.5%) to Cochran's 51,690 votes (48.5%). Her political setback was one of the few failures she ever experienced and she never attempted another run. Those who knew Cochran have said that the loss bothered her for the rest of her life.
||The neutrality of this section is disputed. (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)|
Cochran died on August 9, 1980 at her home in Indio, California that she shared with her husband. She was a long-time resident of the Coachella Valley and is buried in Coachella Valley Public Cemetery. She regularly utilized Thermal Airport over the course of her long aviation career. The airport, which had been renamed Desert Resorts Regional, was again renamed Jacqueline Cochran Regional Airport in her honor.
Cochran's aviation accomplishments never gained the continuing media attention given those of Amelia Earhart, but that can in part be attributed to the public's fascination with those who die young at the peak of their careers. Also, Cochran's use of her husband's immense wealth reduced the rags-to-riches nature of her story. Nonetheless, she deserves a place in the ranks of famous women in history as one of the greatest aviators ever, and a woman who frequently used her influence to advance the cause of women in aviation.
Despite her lack of formal education, Cochran had a quick mind and an affinity for business and her investment in the cosmetics field proved a lucrative one. Later, in 1951, the Boston Chamber of Commerce voted her one of the 25 outstanding businesswomen in America. In 1953 and 1954, the Associated Press named her "Woman of the Year in Business".
Blessed by fame and wealth, Cochran donated a great deal of time and money to charitable works, especially with those from impoverished backgrounds like her own.
- Distinguished Service Medal
- Legion of Merit
- Distinguished Flying Cross with two oak leaf clusters
- American Campaign Medal
- World War II Victory Medal
- Armed Forces Reserve Medal with bronze hour glass
Distinguished Service Medal Citation
For exceptionally meritorious service to the Government in a position of great responsibility from June 1943 to December 1944 as Director of Women Pilots, Headquarters Army Air Forces. She directed the planning, programming and administration or all women pilot activities of the Army Air Forces, including the organization, training and operation of the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP). Under her leadership the WASP performed with the utmost loyalty and efficiency, multiple flying services, in direct and effective support of the Army Air Forces which were of the greatest assistance and support to the war effort and the nation. Further, her achievements in this respect and the conclusions she has carefully and wisely drawn from this undertaking represent a contribution which is of permanent and far-reaching significance to the future of aviation. Her vision, skill and initiative have resulted in services of exceptional value and importance to the country.
1st Distinguished Flying Cross Citation
The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 2, 1926, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Flying Cross to Colonel Jacqueline Cochran, United States Air Force, for extraordinary achievement while participating in aerial flight from 1947 to 1951. During this period, Colonel Cochran piloted an F-51 aircraft in which she established six world speed records. At Coachella Valley, California, flying a closed-circuit 100-kilometer course, Colonel Cochran established a new speed record of 469.549 miles per hour. In other flights from Thermal, Indio, and Palm Springs, CA, Colonel Cochran established world speed records for the 3-, 15-, 500-, 1000-, and 2000-kilometer courses. The professional competence, aerial skill, and devotion to duty displayed by Colonel Cochran reflect great credit upon herself and the United States Air Force.
2nd Distinguished Flying Cross Citation
The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 2, 1926, takes pleasure in presenting a Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster in lieu of a Second Award of the Distinguished Flying Cross to Colonel Jacqueline Cochran, United States Air Force, for extraordinary achievement while participating in aerial flight during April 1962. During that period, Colonel Cochran established a number of world records on a flight from New Orleans, LA to Bonn, Germany. Flying a Lockheed Jet Star C-140 Colonel Cochran established 69 intercity, intercapital, and straight-line distance records and routes, in addition to becoming the first woman to fly a jet aircraft across the Atlantic Ocean. The records were for both speed and distance. The professional competence, aerial skill, and devotion to duty displayed by Colonel Cochran reflect great credit upon herself and the United States Air Force.
3rd Distinguished Flying Cross Citation
The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 2, 1926, takes pleasure in presenting a Second Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster in lieu of a Third Award of the Distinguished Flying Cross to Colonel Jacqueline Cochran, United States Air Force, for extraordinary achievement while participating in aerial flight during May and June 1964. During this period, Colonel Cochran established three world speed records in an F-104C Starfighter. Flying a precise circular course, Colonel Cochran set a 25-kilometer record of 1429.297 miles per hour, more than twice the speed of sound. She established a record for the 100-kilometer course by flying at 1302 miles per hour. Colonel Cochran established a third world's speed record by achieving 1135 miles per hour over a 500-kilometer course. The professional competence, aerial skill, and devotion to duty displayed by Colonel Cochran reflect great credit upon herself and the United States Air Force.
From many countries around the world, Cochran received citations and awards. In 1949, the government of France recognized her contribution to the war and aviation awarding her in 1951 with the French Air Medal. She is the only woman to ever receive the Gold Medal from the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. She would go on to be elected to that body's board of directors and director of Northwest Airlines in the U.S. At home, the Air Force awarded her the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Legion of Merit. In 1949, Cochran became the fourth U.S. recipient of the Türk Hava Kurumu's (Turkish Aeronautical Association) highest award, the Murassa Brövesi (Diamond Brevet).
An annual air show called the Jacqueline Cochran Air Show is named in her honor and takes place at the Jacqueline Cochran Regional Airport. Cochran also became the first woman to be honored with a permanent display of her achievements at the United States Air Force Academy. In the play The Fastest Woman Alive, written by Karen Sunde, Cochran's life is chronicled alongside her husband, Floyd, Amelia Earhart, and others.
Other honors include:
- 1965, induction into the International Aerospace Hall of Fame
- 1971, induction into the National Aviation Hall of Fame
- 1985, the International Astronomical Union assigned the name Cochran to a large (100 km in diameter) crater on planet Venus
- 1993, induction into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America
- 1996, the United States Post Office honored Cochran with a 50¢ postage stamp, depicting her in front of a Bendix Trophy pylon with her P-35 in the background and the words: "Jacqueline Cochran Pioneer Pilot"
- 2006, induction into the Lancaster, California Aerospace Walk of Honor as its first woman inductee
- Women Airforce Service Pilots Badge
- Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF – British)
- Jacqueline Auriol
- "Jacqueline Cochran and the Women's Airforce Service Pilots." National Archives and Records Administration: The Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum, and Boyhood Home. Retrieved: July 10, 2013.
- Hickok, Ralph, "The Encyclopedia of North American Sports History", Facts On File, Inc., New York, Oxford,1992, Library of Congress card number 91-6667, ISBN 0-8160-2096-5, page 110.
- "National WASP WWII Museum"
- Nolen 2002, pp. 32, 34.
- "Robert Cochran" Retrieved: May 20, 2015.
- "Jacqueline Cochran." Britannica Online Encyclopædia. Retrieved: July 10, 2013.
- "Explorers, Record Setters and Daredevils." Centennial of Flight, 2003. Retrieved: October 24, 2009.
- Cochran 1954, pp. 125–128.
- Cochran 1954, p. 108.
- Regis 2008, pp. 102–103.
- "Jacqueline Cochran." The official web site of the U.S. Air Force.. Retrieved: July 10, 2013.
- Cochran 1954, pp. 241–242.
- Pelletier 2012, p. 149.
- Hallonquist, Al. "Mercury 13: The women of the Mercury era." Al Hallonquist, 2012. Retrieved: October 24, 2009.
- Wilson, Barbara A."Military women astronauts." Captain Barbara A. Wilson, USAF (Ret). Retrieved: October 24, 2009.
- Ackmann 2003, pp. 152, 154–155.
- Weitekamp, Margaret A. "Lovelace's woman in space program." NASA History Program Office, January 28, 2010. Retrieved: July 10, 2013.
- "The Fastest Woman Alive". Dramatic Publishing, 2009. Retrieved: July 10, 2013.
- Ackmann, Martha. The Mercury 13: The Untold Story of Thirteen American Women and the Dream of Space Flight. New York: Random House, 2003. ISBN 978-0-375-50744-1.
- Carl, Ann Baumgartner. A WASP Among Eagles. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 2000. ISBN 1-56098-870-3.
- Cochran, Jacqueline. The Stars at Noon. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1954, re-issued in 1979.
- Cochran, Jacqueline and Maryann Bucknum Brinley. Jackie Cochran: The Autobiography of the Greatest Woman Pilot in Aviation History. New York: Bantam Books, 1987. ISBN 0-553-05211-X.
- McGuire, Nina and Sandra Wallus Sammons. Jacqueline Cochran: America's Fearless Aviator. Lake Buena Vista, Florida: Tailored Tours Publishing, 1997. ISBN 0-9631241-6-1.
- Merryman, Molly. Clipped Wings: The Rise and Fall of the Women Air Force Service Pilots (WASPs) of World War II. New York: New York University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8147-5567-4.
- Nolen, Stephanie. Promised The Moon: The Untold Story of the First Women in the Space Race. Toronto, Canada: Penguin Canada, 2002. ISBN 1-56858-275-7.
- Pelletier, Alain.High-Flying Women: A World History of Female Pilots. Sparkford, UK: Haynes, 2012. ISBN 978-0-85733-257-8.
- Regis, Margaret. When Our Mothers Went to War: An Illustrated History of Women in World War II. Seattle: NavPublishing, 2008. ISBN 978-1-879932-05-0.
- Reminiscences of Jacqueline Cochran. Columbia University Aviation Project. New York: Columbia University Oral History Research Office, 1961.
- Sunde, Karen. Fastest Woman Alive. Woodstock, Illinois: Dramatic Publishing, 2005. ISBN 978-1-58342-273-1.
- Williams, Vera S. WASPs: Women Air Force Service Pilots of World War II. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International, 1994. ISBN 0-87938-856-0.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jacqueline Cochran.|
- WASP on the Web Bio
- Essay format biography with bibliography provided by the US Centennial of Flight Commission
- National Air and Space Museum, Women in Aviation and Space History: Jacqueline Cochran
- Transport Auxiliary
- PBS: The American Experience, Fly Girls, Jackie Cochran.
- National Women's Hall of Fame: Jacqueline Cochran
- AirNav: KTRM – Jacqueline Cochran Regional Airport
- official Jacqueline Cochran Regional Airport website.
- Documents re Jackie Cochran available online from the Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library
- National WASP WWII Museum Bio
- Charles J. Baumer (July 16, 2002). "Jacqueline Cochran". Aviator. Find a Grave.
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By Laman Ismayilova
Afghanistan, in the long term, will be able to take advantage of the large-scale transport and energy projects, which are being carried out in the region on Azerbaijan’s initiative and participation, Azerbaijani Foreign Minister Elmar Mammadyarov said.
Mammadyarov made a statement at the meeting with his Afghan counterpart Salahuddin Rabbani within the 71st session of the UN General Assembly in New York.
Mammadyarov stressed the high level of developing the political cooperation between the two countries.
The Azerbaijani foreign minister also emphasized the need for the development of relations in trade-economic and investment spheres.
Both foreign ministers also discussed the prospects of bilateral cooperation, the fight against terrorism.
Rabbani highly appreciated Azerbaijan's support for Afghanistan on a bilateral and multilateral basis.
The trade turnover between Azerbaijan and Afghanistan amounted to $23.47 million in January-June 2016, which entirely accounted for the export of Azerbaijani goods to Afghanistan, according to the Azerbaijani State Customs Committee.
Azerbaijan is among the eight partner countries that have confirmed their presence in Afghanistan after 2014.
Azerbaijan has decided to broaden its activities in Afghanistan's non-military areas. Real cooperation began with Afghan specialists' training in mine sweeping.
The two countries have maintained good relations for quite a long time. Also, Azerbaijan has Afghanistan’s support in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict as it repeatedly defended the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan. Such tight bonds can be explained by the common religion which links the two brotherly countries. Geography has of course played an important role in bringing the two nations together.
Azerbaijan, with its great experience in the oil sector has attracted Afghanistan’s economy. Also, Afghanistan is interested in the electricity production via natural gas, the mining sector and petroleum.
Follow us on Twitter @AzerNewsAz
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For that reason just about everyone coming to Beijing is worried in regards to the smog and its own affect your health. But an extremely various and quite often over looked hazard is also lurking right here to assault the healthiness of your union.
General challenges for expat marriages
It’s probably not a secret that expat marriages deal with special issues with typically one spouse giving up their particular profession and adopting the other partner to distant locations.
The working wife (usually the husband) is actually hectic and enthusiastic, enclosed by brand new co-worker during lengthy efforts many hours. The trailing spouse (usually the wife) having said that is commonly left without a purpose or community, obligated to build newer relationships from abrasion and navigate a different society and vocabulary without any help of the Chinese administrator or HR girl that’s helping the woman partner.
Whilst operating wife are happy, the trailing one may getting miserable. Asia day-to-day went articles about hopeless expat housewives a short while ago, however in basic you discover couple of methods thereon topic.
Well, this imbalance between operating and trailing spouse isn’t all of that can threaten an expat relationships.
Beijing, or Asia overall, keeps added threats.
When I save money time in Beijing and see most expats we learn about the effect of yellow-fever, the abrupt infatuation of Western men with Chinese females. There appear to be couple of marriages or longterm interactions immune from that disorder. We discover middle aged man parading around with Chinese women on their supply at the very least 15 years more youthful than all of them. I meet expat women who portray externally that everything is okay but after you damage the surface quite, an alternate picture emerges.
A European male buddy of mine, who has been staying in Beijing for quite some time, said the guy doesn t recognize of just one Western man whom found Beijing and failed to hack on their spouse or sweetheart. While which can be an overly wide generalization (or reflection on his circle of company), it certainly delivers a spot.
a moving specialist features explained she’s got observed it often times. In the stop by at scout from the latest place, the happy couple seems delighted plus in admiration, stoked up about the step. Typically the guy relocates first for their task, while she comes a bit later using teens. Once she happens over, even if it can be 30 days later on, the guy typically currently has a Chinese sweetheart.
Just how do that occur? Really, as a female I can not actually see the allure of Chinese girls on american guys. But we read many swarming round the guys like moths across light. At expat night events you will see numerous local attendees hoping to generate international friends. We m perhaps not saying every Chinese girl at these events is looking for a boyfriend. Most people are indeed there to meet interesting visitors and exercise their particular English. But you can find truly some ladies flirting seriously with all the american guys. Several dudes certainly, and not surprisingly, enjoy the attention and admiration these are typically acquiring. (are fair, there’s also often many Chinese guys talking up Western girls.)
Also, the attitude of many Chinese ladies is when he’s hitched, definitely his difficulties, not hers. She doesn t worry, regardless of if he has got kids. In Chinese society, it is common for strong guys for a xiЗЋo sДЃn, a mistress (virtually: small three). The wife is expected to look another method.
Ideas on how to keep union healthy? We don t wish frighten potential Beijing expat wives.
But i wish to raise consciousness to do something to guard your own partnership. The initial thing is going to be conscious of the risk and speak about they together with your partner. Don t think that it can never occur I’ve come across it occur to couples who planning the exact same. If possible, you need to come here with each other, likewise, in spite of how stressful the accelerated move schedule may be.
As a trailing wife, also, it is important to construct your own lifetime and to end up being pleased. Becoming miserable, needy and clingy are a sure attraction killer. Don t ensure it is more desirable to suit your lover to look for fun relationships outside his homes since the environment yourself is difficult. And speak about issues and problems your wedding or relationship if your wanting to go. Even if you thought your own relationships was stronger and happy!
Please communicate your event and suggestions maintain an expat marriage happy inside the reviews.
Ruth relocated to Beijing last year together spouse and soon after begun the Beijing Expat guidelines. Although she’s got since leftover Asia, she still comes home typically to consult with buddies and fill-up on tasty Chinese foods.
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To find a Tennessee llc name, visit the state’s Secretary of States website. This website contains detailed information on the registration of business entities in Tennessee, including LLCs, corporations, and sole proprietorships. Unlike corporations, partnerships are not centralized. Instead, they are registered with the county where they operate, or the Register of Deeds. There is no fee for searching the Tennessee Secretary of State website.
Tennessee LLC Name SearchChoosing a name for your business
To start with, you can search the state’s corporate management database. The database is only restricted to names registered with the state, but it does provide access to all active and inactive trademarks and service marks in the state. Then, you can use a search engine to search for your business name. This process can take some time, so make sure to schedule a few appointments and do some research beforehand. Once you have a list of potential names, you can begin brainstorming. Be sure not to pick a name that is too similar to a competitor.
Before you begin to search for a Tennessee llc name, you need to find out whether your chosen name is available. There are two main ways to do this: utilizing a business name generator or running a Name Availability Search. The generator searches the first two words of your desired name to find all other entities that share that name. An additional method is to use the name search to check for any restrictions on the name. Once you find a name, you need to obtain the license and other necessary documentation.
Once you have decided on a name, you can continue with the formation of your Tennessee llc. In addition to filing articles of organization, you need to prepare an operating agreement (or llc operating agreement), which contains the rules for how your LLC will operate. Additionally, you will need to obtain a business license and obtain an Employer Identification Number (EIN).
The Secretary of State’s Website contains a database of business entities. You can search for a tennessee llc name by name or control number. Try using several matching terms, as it may be possible that your desired name already exists. However, you should check the name availability before you submit your application for an LLC. The state’s regulations require that any name be unique or catchy. Using the name search tool will help you to choose the best name for your business.
Checking availability of company name
While registering your new LLC in Tennessee, you must ensure that the name you are choosing is available. The state requires all llc names to contain the letters “LLC,” L.L.C., or “Limited Liability Company,” and any other words or abbreviations that sound like an official institution. The name must also be free of any implication that the LLC is affiliated with any organization.
Before selecting your new LLC company name, check whether the name you’ve selected is already taken. You can do this by using a name generator, which excludes identifiers like “LLC” and returns all other entities with the same or similar names. Tennessee’s Secretary of State maintains a database listing businesses, and using this search tool, you can quickly and easily check whether or not a name is already taken.
The Secretary of State’s online services provide you with a list of available names. In addition, you can contact the Secretary of State to ask about name availability. The state’s website offers name searches and forms. While the process may seem tedious, it’s not difficult at all. All you need to do is submit an application for reservation of tennessee llc company name to the Secretary of State’s database.
Before submitting your Application for Reservation of a tennessee llc, you need to check the availability of your preferred company name. Tennessee’s Name Availability Search and Business Information Search can help you find a good name for your new company. In case your chosen name is already taken, it’s best to try to come up with a better alternative. A unique name can help differentiate your business from competitors, so be sure to choose a unique and memorable name.
Choosing a name that complies with naming requirements
When choosing a name for your new limited liability company, make sure it complies with state naming guidelines. The name must be unique and not taken by another business in your state. While you can name your company after yourself, this may limit its growth and future sale potential. Also, it can be subject to lawsuits if someone else registers the same name. Check online directories, such as SuperPages or the Thomas Register of Products and Services, to make sure no one else has already claimed the name.
In Tennessee, there are certain naming rules that you must follow. For example, it is not possible to name a for-profit bakery Breaking Bread Charities. Also, your company’s name cannot indicate affiliation with any government or financial institution. In Tennessee, your company’s name cannot include the word corporation or its abbreviation, or even suggest affiliation with a non-profit organization.
When choosing a tennessee llc name, make sure the name is distinct from any other existing business in the state. It should also avoid being confused with federal or state agencies. There are several different types of company names that you may encounter when searching online for the best name for your new company. Furthermore, some words in your name may be restricted by state law, requiring additional approval from the state.
Once you choose a name for your tennessee llc, you must complete the formalities of filing the required documents with the Secretary of State. Filing online can save you time and effort, and filing by mail can take three to five days. Tennessee’s state laws require that you fill out the name reservation form and operating agreement as soon as you start your business. However, if you plan to relocate the office of your LLC, you must inform the state of the change through an amendment.
A business entity that is registered in Tennessee must file Articles of Amendment to articles of organization (LLC) or Articles of Amendment to Charter (For-Profit) with the Division of Business Services in the state. This document should also include a $20 filing fee. The company must be registered as a Tennessee LLC within 30 days of filing the articles. There is no limit on how many members an LLC can have, so choose wisely.
Choosing a name that includes a special designator
While selecting the name for your limited liability company, keep in mind that your business must be distinguishable from other entities. Tennessee allows you to reserve certain words or terms within a name. Even though a name is approved, you can still face challenges regarding unfair competition, unfair trade practices, and name infringement. To avoid the problems that come with this, you should make sure to choose a unique name that is not taken by another business.
Before choosing a Tennessee business name, make sure that your proposed name is distinguishable from existing businesses in the state. You want to avoid confusing your business with any federal or state agency. The state also prohibits business names that are similar to words used by government agencies, implying an illegal or non-chartered purpose. For more information on naming rules, check the state’s statute. In Tennessee, the most basic type of business structure is a sole proprietorship. This structure does not offer personal asset protection.
You can register your Tennessee LLC by filing articles of organization with the Secretary of State. The Secretary of State also accepts filings via mail or hand delivery. Make sure to consider whether your new business will need a physical address in Tennessee. This person will be the recipient of legal service for your company. The address should be accessible during business hours. You may also choose a name that has a special designator to distinguish it from other businesses.
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I’m not quite sure how I managed to miss the case of James Byrd. But, I did. Last night, we watched the brilliant and chilling documentary, Two Towns of Jasper.
My sleep was more than a little disturbed.
Despite a lynching that took place nearly 20 years ago, this film and the reality of events surrounding James Byrd’s slaughter remain relevant today. I suspect this is why PBS’s POV chose an encore airing in August of this real-life horror story.
We need look no further than Charlottesville and the public boastings of folks like David Duke and Richard Spencer to understand that far too many individuals would welcome such ‘opportunities’.
But, perhaps the more troubling aspect of towns like Jasper are the words of those interviewed in Two Towns. A white man relaying that he doesn’t understand what changed, whereby ‘nigger’ is now considered a derogatory or unacceptable term for a black individual. By his own account, there’s nothing wrong with that word, as those sitting around the same table nod in agreement. A white woman at that same table makes claims that ‘James Byrd was no model citizen of Jasper’, to collective, murmured agreement. The implication is clear: maybe his death was brutal, but it wasn’t like he didn’t have it coming to him.
Perhaps the worst moments in this film were not related to the trials of those accused or the outcomes for those miserable humans who carried out a truly gruesome attack on another human being. The worst moment for me was when the local school board decided to adjust the academic calendar, and render Martin Luther King Jr Day as a make up day for days lost during the school year. They rendered MLK Day expendable, whilst the Jasper rodeo remained a day off from school. A fucking rodeo.
The board reinstated the holiday, but only after significant opposition. Reverend Ray Charles Lewis says it best: ‘It’s easier for whites to forget,’ he noted.
My family is from a town very much like Jasper. And, I grew up listening and being outraged by some of the same comments and reflections made around various tables as those made by the white residents of Jasper. Sadly, those conversations or ideas are nothing new to me, I suppose.
But, that doesn’t make it right and nothing will change unless those of us with power speak up when we hear / bear witness to such archaic notions and prejudices. Whilst everyone may have prejudices, as yet another white Jasperian claims, we don’t have to accept them as honourable or acceptable. Particularly not today.
We all have a responsibility to stand up and stop an injustice when we see it happen. We all have a duty to our fellow humans to call out those who feel justified in using derogatory and demeaning labels to characterise others. We all must stand up and defend those being beaten and thrashed, whether by words or fists, for simple being different.
Most of all, we all must speak up, particularly when our voices shake the most. Because that’s when it matters most.
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Mid year in 1968, Shelby offered a new big block Shelby Mustang and called it GT 500 KR.
KR stands for King of the Road
Ford offered the Cobra Jet engine for the first time in 1968 1/2. Carroll Shelby, always one to up the competition, be it Ford or GM, put the 428 CJ engine in his GT 500 Shelby Mustangs about two thirds into the model year. It was cheap horsepower. Early ’68 GT 500’s were given Ford’s 428 police interceptor engine with two 4 bbl carbs. Rated at 360 hp at 5400 rpm, the big block produced 420 ft. lbs. of torque at 3200 rpm. Mid-year, Shelby got wind that GM intended to introduce a 396 Camaro and call it “King of the Road.” Shelby beat them to it. Before GM could follow through, Shelby American offered a GT 500KR, King of the Road and stuffed the Cobra Jet engine under the hood.
The 1968 GT 500 KR was a very special car. Many modifications were made to the stock GT Mustang. The 428 was the same Cobra Jet engine offered in the stock big block Mustang. It was the old 428 block with a lot of changes. The low riser, revised, 427 heads had huge rectangular ports. Measuring 2.34″ X 1.34″, the ports were larger than the 427 racing heads. A special dual-plane intake manifold held the mammoth Holley carb. Stronger connecting rods and crankshaft were replaced the stock 428 pieces.
Dished alloy pistons were used with eyebrows, attached to con rods with full floating pins locked in with two retainers. This lowered the compression ratio to 10.7 to 1. Pop up pistons were available for drag racers. The KRs all received heavy duty front and rear shocks, the four speed cars got staggered rear shocks, power front disc brakes and power steering and big capacity rear drum brakes.
Ford did not promote the increase in horse power the Cobra Jet engine had. It was advertised at 335 horse. That figure was off at least 20 percent. Remember during those years the insurance companies had started to penalize high horsepower cars. In fact, these years were the beginning of the end of cars like the GT 500 KR. Total production of the KR’s was 933 Fastbacks and 318 convertibles. One awesome machine….
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Cal Poly Pomona
these providers was headquartered in California, although all had satellite offices nationwide. The largest FTL carriers headquartered in California were Pacer International ($406.0 million) and Beneto Bulk Transport ($73.4 million). The largest California-based LTL carriers were GI Trucking ($215.5 million) and Dependable Highway Express ($79.5 million). The industry is under a constant state of flux, with mergers, acquisitions, and market-oriented modifications.
Major parcel carriers had traditionally included United Parcel Service (UPS) and Federal Express (FedEx). Both carriers “upgraded” to LTL status, however, with UPS’ purchase of Overnite Corporation in 2005, and FedEx’ acquisition of Viking Freight (in 1998) and American Freightways (in 2001). The
third-largest parcel carrier, DHL, is also classified as LTL. (www.parcelshippers.org) membership list includes 59 companies.
The Parcel Shippers Association
Combination trucks, which perform the bulk of truck shipments, are served by the National Network (NN). The NN is essentially identical to the Interstate System. In most States, additional truck routes facilitate penetration into areas not served by the Interstate System. In California, for example, Terminal Access, Service Access, and California Legal routes enable large, legally-sized trucks to access terminals, authorized service routes, and non-Interstate highways. Combination trucks traveled 143.66 billion miles on the National Network and other truck routes in 2005 (BTS 2007).
As of 2002, there were 552 railroad carriers in the U.S., operating over 141,698 miles of track, and earning $36.92 billion in revenue. There were four categories of railroad: Class I, Regional, Line-haul, and Switching & Terminal. Class I railroads had revenue of at least $347 million in 2006. The seven Class I railroads earned 92% of the U.S.’ freight railroad revenue in 2002. The Class I railroads were:
Burlington Northern & Santa Fe
Grand Trunk Corporation (Canadian National, Grand Trunk Western, Illinois Central, Wisconsin
Kansas City Southern
Regional railroads covered at least 350 route miles and had annual revenue between $40 million and the Class I threshold. There were 31 Regional railroads in 2002. Line-haul railroads generally provide point- to-point service within a single State, operating over fewer than 350 miles and with annual revenue less than $40 million. Switching & Terminal railroads perform pickup and delivery services for one or more connecting line-haul carriers. There were about 300 Line-haul and 200 Switching & Terminal railroads in 2002. Class I railroads dominate the industry in terms of freight revenue. Some 40,000 miles of track are owned and used by non-Class I railroads, however.
Waterborne transportation was involved in the movement of about 9% of freight in the U.S. in 2004. This amounted to 2.4 billion tons of goods in 2003. Container ports handled over 65,000 TEUs (20-foot equivalent container units) per day in 2004. Most container units were involved in a form of intermodal exchange, either between ship and rail or ship and truck. Freight transport providers within the maritime sector can be divided into two major groups: ports, providing the infrastructure for freight movement and exchange, and the marine vessels that actually move the freight. Maritime differs from the other modes in that the freight infrastructure (ports) may be owned by government or independent authorities (in trucking, the infrastructure is generally government-owned, while in railroads, the infrastructure is private-
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Governor Phil Murphy, the New Jersey Office of Emergency Management, the New
Jersey Department of Health, and the United Ways of New Jersey announced today
that NJ 211 has been activated to help handle COVID-19 related calls from New
All residents with questions or concerns about COVID-19 and resources
available to them can call 2-1-1. NJ 211 is New Jersey’s statewide,
comprehensive, information and referral service operated by United Ways of New
Residents call also text NJCOVID to 898-211 to receive text information and
stay informed. To receive live text assistance, residents can text their zip
code to 898-211.
These enhancements to 211 will supplement, rather than replace, the existing
COVID-19 hotline, operated by the New Jersey Poison Control Center. State
residents with questions about COVID-19 illness can continue to call the
previously shared numbers for the COVID-19 hotline, but they can also call 211
to get answers about their COVID-19 questions.
Additionally, the Department of Health has a COVID-19 website with resources
including CDC updates, guidance for schools, colleges, businesses, long-term
care facilities, health care professionals and public health professionals. The
website is available at https://nj.gov/health/coronavirus.
Local health departments, health care providers, and medical facility staff
should continue to contact the Communicable Disease Service at the New Jersey
Department of Health with COVID-19 questions.
About NJ 2-1-1
The statewide information and referral service began in 2002 when the United
Ways of New Jersey spearheaded efforts to give people-in-need an easy way to
find health and human services by encouraging the Board of Public Utilities to
designate the NJ 2-1-1 Partnership as the sole administrator of the three digit
dialing code. Statewide coverage began in 2005. In 2017 alone, the NJ 2-1-1
Partnership provided resource assistance to over 455,000 people who called
2-1-1 or visited our website. With roughly 3,000 agencies in the organization’s
resource database and over 10,000 programs and services listed, NJ 2-1-1
provides the public with front door access to nonprofit, government and
faith-based services, as well as disaster response information.
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Vado Cemetery of Dona Ana County
Photographed by Marcena Thompson
Below photo is of a burial site in Dona Ana County. It is not known how many graves have been plowed under.
Marcena net met with John Holguin in Vado and walked to the little cemetery in August of 2005. The remainder of the cemetery is gone. The cemetery is off NM 227 just after the canal and just before getting to Holguin Road in the middle of a farm field on your left.
Vado, Spanish for "ford," has an unusually diverse past. It was first platted in Doņa Ana County in 1928, though it existed as a community decades before that. Mexicans lived in the area before the Gadsden Purchase in 1854, according to a history written by Isaiah Montoya, a chronicler of the town. Following the Civil War, black settlers moved to the site. A family named Herron began a broom factory, and in 1886, the town came to be known as Herron. Quakers migrated to the area in 1888 from Ohio and Illinois, and the community's name changed until 1912 to Earlham. After that, the town was renamed again, this time to Center Valley. A black couple, Frances and Ella Boyer, from near Roswell moved to Vado in 1920, helping to establish it as a predominantly African American settlement.
copyright C. W. Barnum 2006/2007
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By Joanne Liou, editorial coordinator
The idea of increasing global oil supply to match global oil demand once seemed out of reach. However, the tables have turned, and the industry’s ability to get oil out of the ground from shales means the industry may need to start holding back. In fact, in 2013 the US rig count will fall by 3%, Marshall Adkins, managing director at Raymond James & Associates, said at the 2012 IADC Drilling Onshore Conference in Houston on 17 May. “We’re going to have to see Saudi cut production, and sometime next year, the rig count in the US needs to roll over and slow down because we’re bringing in too much oil,” he said.
Modeling a massive shift away from natural gas rigs, Mr Adkins referred to the types of wells that were being drilled in January 2010; the spread between rigs drilling for dry gas, wet gas and oil was about one-third across the board. By the end of 2012, however, he forecasts that 75% of drilling in the US will be oil-related. “The oil rig count keeps going up,” he explained. “That will slow on a full-year average meaningfully next year, and overall, rig count will be down about 3%.”
Technological developments are shaping the outlook for the gas market as it drives the growth in supply. The average first-year well productivity in the Barnett Shale in 2006 was 400,000 cfe/day. On average, about five years later, the eight largest shale plays, including the Granite Wash, Haynesville and Eagle Ford, all produced more than five times the amount of gas per well on the first year than in 2006, Mr Adkins said.
“The problem is as we drill all those wells in liquids-rich areas because of the liquids, we’re getting a load of gas associated with those,” he explained. “Go back a few years ago; we had very little supply growth. As we look forward to 2013 and 2014, there is going to be substantial growth, 2 to 3 Bcf/day of annual growth from these oil and liquids-rich gas plays.”
Advances in technology have boosted productivity as well, Mr Adkins stated. “We’re getting a lot better at getting this oil and gas out of the ground as we learn more about these formations. Don’t expect supply to come crashing down even if the rig count slows.”
Industrial demand – from LNG, gas to liquids, steel plants, petrochemical plants – will drive the need for natural gas and cause a spike in demand. “In 2016, I expect a major spike in demand because it takes about four to five years to plan, permit and build all this stuff,” he said. The demand will drive a production spike up to 7 Bcf/day, he forecast.
At the same time, automobile efficiency and the decreasing amount of driving in the US, among other factors, are affecting the demand for oil. “We’re driving fewer miles,” Mr Adkins stated. “In the last six years, there has been no growth in the miles driven. US demand is actually worse than we think.” His models point to so little demand that Saudi Arabia will have to cut 1.4 million/day over the next 18 months, starting probably in Q4.
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HOMOPATHIC MATERIA MEDICA
by William BOERICKE, M.D.
Presented by Médi-T
Poison of the Toad
Acts on the nervous system and skin. Uterine symptoms marked. Lymphangitis of septic origin. Symptoms of paralysis agitans. Striking rheumatic symptoms.
Arouses the lowest passions. Causes a desire for intoxicating drink, and produces impotence.
Of use in feeble-minded children. Prematurely senile. Epileptic symptoms. Convulsive seizures occur during sleep at night. More or less connected with derangements of the sexual sphere, seem to come within the range of this remedy. Injuries to fingers; pain runs in streaks up the arms.
Mind.--Anxious about health. Sad, restless. Propensity to bite. Howling; impatient; nervous; imbecile. Desire for solitude. Feeble-minded.
Head.--Sensation as if hot vapor rose to top of head. Numbness of brain. Face bathed in sweat. Epistaxis with flushed face and pain in forehead, better, nosebleed.
Eyes.--Cannot bear sight or brilliant objects. Little blisters form on eye.
Ears.--Music is unbearable (Ambra). Every little noise distresses.
Heart.--Feels too large. Palpitation. Constriction about heart. Sensation of heart swimming in water.
Female.--Menses too early and copious, clots and bloody discharge at other times; watery leucorrha. Excitement, with epileptic attacks. Epilepsy at time of menses. Induration in mammary glands. Palliative in cancer of the mammæ. Burning in ovaries and uterus. Ulceration of cervix. Offensive bloody discharge. Pains run into legs. Bloody milk. Milk-leg. Veins swollen. Tumors and polypi of womb.
Male.--Involuntary emissions; impotence, discharge too quick, spasms during coition. Buboes. Disposition to handle organs (Hyos; Zinc). Effects of onanism.
Extremities.--Pains in loins, numbness of limbs, cramps, staggering gait, feeling as if a peg were driven in joints; swelling of bones.
Skin.--Panaritium; pain runs up arm. Patches of skin lose sensation. Pustules, suppuration from every slight injury. Pemphigus. Bullæ which open and leave a raw surface, exuding and ichorous fluid. Blisters on palms and soles. Itching and burning. Carbuncle.
Relationship.--Compare: Baryt carb; Asterias; Salamand (Epilepsy and softening of brain).
Antidotes: Laches; Seneg.
Modalities.--Worse, in warm room, on awakening. Better, from bathing or cold air; from putting feet in hot water.
Dose.--Sixth potency and higher.
Copyright © Médi-T 1999
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This fall, two pieces of conventional wisdom regarding higher education were turned on their heads by the American public.
The 2016 presidential election cemented a long-perceived trend: our great country is becoming increasingly divisive. Moreover, election results indicate that ideological divisions are largely linked to educational attainment.
Meanwhile, this fall, we witnessed two pieces of conventional wisdom regarding higher education get turned on their heads by the American public. While having a college degree has long been associated with voter participation, this election seems to have interrupted longstanding historical trends. And, while experts and policymakers link college attainment to success in the workforce, Americans told us they no longer perceive this to be true.
Higher Education and Civic Engagement
Traditionally, a person with a college education has a higher likelihood to vote. The 2016 presidential election, however, flipped that historical trend on its head. According to 2016 exit poll data collected by Edison Research, there was an uptick in white male voters with less than a bachelor’s degree – that is, voters who possessed a high school degree, some college or an associate degree.
In order to better understand historical voting trends, I examined Census data collected on reported voting and registration, by age, sex and educational attainment from the past last seven election cycles (i.e., 2012, 2008, 2004, 2000, 1996, 1992, and 1988). The table below details the aggregated reported voting rate. It shows that those with lower levels of formal education have consistently lower voting rates.
While the 2016 voter turnout data is continuing to trickle in over the next few weeks and months, it is becoming clear that education levels did impact this election. I’ve been closely following my favorite data wonk, Nate Silver, and his recent blogs on FiveThirtyEight about the election. Recently, Silver did a full analysis of all 981 U.S. counties with 50,000 or more people and sorted it by the share of the population that had completed at least a four-year college degree. He found that, “it appears as though educational levels are the critical factor in predicting shifts in the vote between 2012 and 2016.” This analysis tells me that our old belief that individuals with a college degree are more likely to vote doesn’t match reality. Other groups are voting at higher rates now too.
Higher Education and Job Attainment
Another thing we often hear from leaders is that college education is important to getting a good job. I still believe this is true, but in recent public opinion research we conducted, supported by The Kresge Foundation, we found that Americans’ attitudes toward higher education have shifted in the years since the Great Recession.
Before 2009, increasing numbers of Americans said that a college education is necessary for success in today’s working world. But in our 2016 research, just 42 percent of Americans say a college degree is necessary. That’s 13 percentage points lower than what we saw in 2009. We saw pessimism toward higher education grow in other ways as well. For example, nearly half of Americans – 46 percent – say a college education is a questionable investment because of high student loans and limited job opportunities.
Now is a time of great change and turmoil, so we’re not quite sure what it means that these two pieces of conventional wisdom have been flipped.
What we do know is that there’s a huge divide in our country. Given this division seems linked with educational attainment, higher education will remain an important issue. While we all don’t need to see eye to eye, we do need to work together. To do so, we need more dialogue. We need to not only elevate a diversity of voices, but we also need to listen and really hear each other in order to forge common ground. Pubic Agenda and other organizations have a role in helping us improve dialogue and collaboration among leaders and communities.
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Federal parks say ‘No Motorized Vehicles’, and that does embody RC automobiles as well (drones too). It is best to examine with the native company that governs the land you wish to run on as to what’s allowed and what isn’t. “Estimation of CO2 Emissions of Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle and Battery Electric Vehicle Using LCA”. The time period motorcar was previously also used in the context of electrified rail methods to denote a automobile which features as a small locomotive but additionally offers space for passengers and baggage.
Steam engines additionally want time to warm up, whereas IC engines can usually run right after being started, although this is probably not recommended in chilly conditions. Steam engines burning coal launch sulfur into the air, causing dangerous acid rain. The ever-growing tendency of creating cell purposes for our everyday use has in the end entered additionally the automotive sector. The fact that apps might significantly enhance driving security has attracted the eye of automobile users and brought on an increase in the number of new apps developed particularly for the automobile industry.
In 1890, Émile Levassor and Armand Peugeot of France started producing vehicles with Daimler engines, and so laid the inspiration of the automotive trade in France. They have been attached to the first Paris–Brest–Paris bicycle race, but completed 6 days after the profitable cyclist, Charles Terront. Daimler and Maybach founded Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft (DMG) in Cannstatt in 1890, and sold their first car in 1892 under the brand title Daimler. It was a horse-drawn stagecoach built by one other producer, which they retrofitted with an engine of their design. By 1895 about 30 vehicles had been constructed by Daimler and Maybach, either at the Daimler works or in the Hotel Hermann, where they arrange shop after disputes with their backers.
One of the difficulties met when using fuel motors is the cooling impact of expanding gas. These engines are limited by how rapidly they take up warmth from their environment. The cooling impact can, nevertheless, double as air conditioning.
Safety is another necessary side of working as an automotive technician. To complete duties, employees need to make use of lifts to work beneath heavy automobiles, presenting safety hazards. Technicians also use highly pressurized pneumatic and hydraulic tools, so safety training and following safety protocols are extremely stressed. Along with different tools, it’s common for automotive technicians to endure minor injuries such as cuts, scrapes, and bruises, particularly to their palms. Don’t over think it, the one automobiles which might be fairly near the proper scale dimension are 1/10th scale touring automobiles however even these aren’t tremendous accurate.
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Thousands of labor union workers have joined in solidarity with Occupy Wall Street, the activist group of several hundred people that has camped out in New York City’s financial district to protest Wall Street and economic inequality. The crowd, which was estimated in the thousands, stormed downtown Manhattan Wednesday in what could be Occupy Wall Street’s largest rally yet.
"It's an epic march," said John Samuelson, president of the Transport Workers Union Local 100, to New York Daily News. Samuelson rallied his 35,000 bus and subway workers, urging them to march Wednesday. "It's organized labor coming together to say that working families have had enough of [dealing with] the unfair burden of the economic problems."
Protesters gathered at Foley Square before marching to Zuccotti Park, which has served as Occupy Wall Street’s unofficial headquarters. Some carried red, white and blue signs bearing a giant star-graced A, which represents the motto "Rebuild America”, while other signs bore slogans including Tax Wall Street and Make Jobs, Not Cuts. Roxanne Pauline, a coordinator for the Northeastern Pennsylvania Area Labor Federation, told Associated Press some of her union's members plan to stay in Zuccotti Park over the weekend.
"They'll teach the younger people what unions are — that they're not thugs or mobsters, but working people," she said.
The newly formed People of Color Working Group recently threw its support behind the cause, urging African-Americans and other minorities to see it as an opportunity to bring international awareness to problems in the community and the nation at large. Students from several colleges walked out of classes in solidarity on Wednesday.
Occupy Wall Street, whose efforts have captivated the nation, has been camped out near Wall Street since Sept. 17. It started with a few dozen demonstrators but quickly swelled in numbers. The group has become increasingly more organized, lining up medical aid and legal help for those involved in recent police clashes and has even printed a newspaper. The group claims to represent the 99 percent of Americans who have suffered at the cost of Wall Street's ill decisions.
(Photo: Mario Tama/Getty Images)
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Moodle ALA Online Learning (Continuing Education)
Some ALA divisions and offices offer asynchronous continuing education courses to ALA members. The ALA Online Learning (Continuing Education) site is located at http://classes.ala.org and is configured with an open source Learning Management System called Moodle. More information about Moodle can be found at www.moodle.org.
Instructional materials for Moodle are located at http://docs.moodle.org/. ALA Staff can also request a training presentation and overview, with this agenda, to be held live in Chicago or via Adobe Connect.
You can also get a general overview and basic how to by viewing the following training videos, posted on ALA Connect:
Download a PDF of the excellent book, Using Moodle- Teaching with the Popular Open Source Course Management System by Jason Cole and Helen Foster is published by O'Reilly as part of the Community Press series. A copy of this book is also available in the Chicago Headquarters Network S: Drive at S:\Share\Moodle\Manual. The book is 6 MB. When you need a little more explanation then available on Moodle Docs this is the best resource.
ALA program officers are responsible for learning Moodle from the resources mentioned in the About section above so that they can collaborate with and support their instructors. All decisions about how to utlilize ALA's Moodle installation is handled at the individual unit level within their own unit category. Each unit that offers Moodle courses has their own category on http://classes.ala.org and it is the responsibility of the unit to identify to ITTS who within the unit should administer their category area and act as subject matter expert (SME) for their courses. These identified SMEs will all be added to a Sympa Email List called firstname.lastname@example.org.
News about ALA Online Learning
This course is for all ALA Online Learning Teachers and Staff Program Officers to learn about and share information about existing and new features on our Moodle site. The teachers of this course are ITTS Moodle Admins, Pamela Akins and Rob Berquist so we can have a channel of communication with those who are involved in adding and maintaining content on the site.
All ALA Program officers and teachers should be enrolled. Program officers should make sure that new teachers are enrolled in this course before they begin to create courses or modify existing courses on this site. The enrollment key for this course is aware.
Special Note for LITA Courses in Moodle
The News Forum is typically only used by teachers and admin to give latest and important news to students. It is automatically added by Moodle when a course is created and by default, students can NOT post to it. Usually teachers typically add an activity called "forum" to their courses. In LITA, they teachers like to have the News Forum settings adjusted so that students can post. To do this:
- Login to the Moodle course as Administrator. Click the "Turn on Editing" button,
- Open the News Forum (it might have another name, but it is forum closest to the top of the course page),
- Click the "Update Forum" button (in the upper right corner of the resulting page)
- Change the Role to override: to Student
- Click to move the radio button under the Allow column for each of the settings to Overwrite the standard settings which will now enable students to post to the News Forum:
- Add newsmod/forum:addnews
- Delete own posts (within deadline) mod/forum: deleteownpost
- Reply to newsmod/forum: replynews
- Reply to postsmod/forum:replypost
- Split discussionsmod/forum:spllitdiscussions
- Start new discussionsmod/forum: startdiscussion
Strategy for re-purposing course content and/or cloning courses
Attached below please find a document that outlines some common practices for reusing existing Moodle courses and content. This document assumes that the reader is already familiar with Moodle.
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|Ngô Xương Văn|
|King of Ngô dynasty|
|Preceded by||Dương Bình Vương|
|Succeeded by||Ngô Xương Xí (warlord)|
Ngô Xương Văn (Hán tự: 吳昌文, ?–965) was a ruler of Ngô dynasty, Vietnam. He was the second son of Ngô Quyền, the founder of Ngô dynasty. Ngô Quyền died in 944, and appointed Văn's elder brother Ngô Xương Ngập as successor. But Ngập was banished and usurped by the regent Dương Tam Kha. In order to deceive the public, Văn was adopted by Dương Tam Kha.
In 905, Văn was sent to put down the rebellion of Đường, Nguyễn together with Dương Cát Lợi and Đỗ Cảnh Thạc. When their troops reached Từ Liêm, Văn turned his army back, and dethroned Dương Tam Kha. Văn did not kill Dương Tam Kha and granted him the title Trương Dương Công (張楊公).
Văn crowned himself "Nam Tấn Vương" ("King of Nam Tấn"), and summoned Ngập to the capital. Ngập was appointed the co-ruler, and crowned "Thiên Sách Vương" ("King of Thiên Sách"). It was called một nước hai vua ("one country, two kings") in Vietnamese history. Both of them used the title "Hậu Ngô Vương" (後吳王). Ngập held the real power and Văn didn't take part in any political affair util Ngập's death.
Đinh Bộ Lĩnh occupied Hoa Lư and did not pay tribute to them. Văn and Ngập decided to attack him. They arrested Đinh Bộ Lĩnh's eldest son, Đinh Liễn, and command Bộ Lĩnh to surrender. Bộ Lĩnh rejected, and they had to retreat.
After Ngập's death, Văn was granted the title Jiedushi of Tĩnh Hải quân (靜海軍節度使 Tĩnh Hải quân tiết độ sứ) and Governor of the Protectorate General to Pacify the South (安南都護 An Nam đô hộ) by Southern Han. In 965, Văn led troops to put down the rebellion of Đường, Nguyễn, and was killed by an arrow in the midst of battle. After his death, the country fell into civil war: it was called Anarchy of the 12 Warlords in the history of Vietnam.
- Việt Nam sử lược, Quyển 1, Phần 3, Chương 1
- Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, Peripheral Records vol. 5
Ngô Xương Văn
Ngô dynastyDied: 965
Dương Tam Kha
|King of Nam Việt
950 - 965
concurrently with Ngô Xương Ngập:
950 - 954
Ngô Xương Xí (warlord)
Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).|
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Views：80 Writer：admin Date：2021-09-23
1. AF is a method of coating, superimposing the AF film layer on the film layer with AR function, so that the product can achieve long-lasting anti-fouling ability.
2. AG means that glass products are chemically etched to change the topography of the glass surface, showing the effect of unevenness under the microscopic view, thereby reducing the reflection of light on the glass surface, playing the role of anti-glare and protecting eyesight, and improving the glass surface. Smoothness and anti-fouling ability;
3. AR is to deposit an optical film on the glass by magnetron sputtering method, so that the glass has the characteristics of high transmittance, low reflectivity, high hardness, high wear resistance, etc., which can improve the display effect, save energy and protect the eyes. effect;
The above is the relevant content of the role of AF/AG/AR in the product, I hope the above content is helpful to you. In today's era of rapid development, using a coating method alone can no longer meet the needs of users in the market. So will the superposition of AF/AG/AR coating technology achieve the effect of 1+1 greater than 2?
It is inevitable to achieve an effect greater than 2. Today's users are very picky about the product experience. If technology is used in superposition, it can help a large number of manufacturers in the market to quickly stand out and quickly occupy the market. If you want to consult or purchase AF/AG/AR coating equipment, please look for Seismograph shares!
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Clean up regulations, don’t forget obligations
With the road-funding puzzle solved, for now, Lansing has time to look into other things that are making life bumpy for Michiganders.
Gov. Rick Snyder created the Office of Regulatory Reinvention in 2011 to clean out the state’s rulebook, with the goal of getting rid of rules, regulation and red tape that are obsolete, pointless, unnecessary and redundant. On Thursday, the agency reported some success.
After reviewing 19,000 regulations and 900 sets of rules spread across about 35,000 of bureaucratic paperwork, the agency has eliminated more than 2,000 administrative rules that do nothing to protect the health, safety and finances of Michigan residents or businesses.
Among those eliminated were:
•Unnecessary rules, such as one requiring a Michigan quality seal on agricultural products.
•Unenforceable rules, such as one requiring child care workers to smile.
•Obsolete rules, including ones that require the use of the latest technology — written in 1970.
But that leaves about 17,000 of the 19,000 administrative rules remaining. We’re assuming most of them were created for good reason and need to remain in place so that state government can fulfill its obligation to protect and serve Michigan’s citizens. Regulatory reform is good when it removes unneeded barriers, but it must not put people and their property at risk.
And those 19,000 rules are only from the executive branch. The legislative branch is looking at cleaning up its books as well.
State Rep. Dan Lauwers, chairman of the House Committee on Agriculture, is part of a coalition of lawmakers who have introduced bills to eliminate archaic and unhelpful agricultural laws. “Many of these outdated laws are still on the books although they have not been enforced in years, sometimes in decades,” Rep. Lauwers said. Among them is an 1889 tax law that has been obsolete for more than half a century.
The bill sponsored by Lauwers would erase a law governing the use of lime on farm fields, made obsolete by more current regulations for agricultural fertilizer use. And that reinforces the value and importance of government rule-making: Careful regulation of fertilizer use is essential to control the record-setting algae blooms poisoning Lake Erie.
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Pullquote: American and British children today spend half as much time outdoors as their parents did.
It’s always a pleasure to see people being honored for contributions to their communities. Never is this truer than when it comes to those people working to create, grow, and preserve our green spaces in and around town. Their contributions can be felt, shared, and appreciated by every single member of a community, and are very long-lived. So, when the Osborn Foundation recently held a luncheon to honor three women and present them with the Miriam A. Osborn Foundress award – with an event aptly called “Women Who Make a Difference” –, I was delighted to hear that the honorees were selected based on their professional and volunteer work in the areas of wellness and nature conservancy. I was even more delighted to learn that Rye’s very own Angel Morris was one of the honorees! Angel has contributed in ways big (as president of the Rye Garden Club and Rye Nature Center), and small (countless) to the living, green beauty of our town.
But before you think that such contributions are only about beautifying our town, I need to share with you what the event speaker, Florence Williams, shared with the attendees. Williams traveled the world to explore the impact that spending time in nature has on our health and well-being, and then wrote about it in a book entitled “The Nature Fix, Why Nature Makes Us Happier, Healthier and More Creative. In short, she tells us this: spending time in nature isn’t a luxury, it’s part of who we are and what we need to remain functioning, happy individuals. In fact, we are hard-wired to be happiest when outside.
Williams shared countless scientific case studies across different cultures to underscore the amazing fact that spending time in nature has been shown to increase well-being, improve cognition, dramatically reduce levels of cortisol (the stress hormone), reduce blood pressure, narrow the income-related mental health divide, alleviate symptoms of PTSD, boost self-esteem and confidence in children (and especially in girls), increase empathy, and make us more likely to engage with the world and each other, among many other things. Of course, you have to keep returning to nature to enjoy these effects over the long term, but as little as five hours a month (30-40 minutes twice weekly) should do it.
This may seem like a difficult goal to meet, but Williams shows us that it’s not; you don’t have to go the Yosemite National Park to experience these benefits. In fact, science supports the notion that all nature counts toward this total – time spent gazing up at the canopy of a large tree in your garden or a walk through a city park. Of course, we denizens of Rye don’t have to settle for that. We’ve got much larger-scale nature within walking distance. Rye Nature Center, Edith Read Sanctuary, and the Marshlands Conservancy allow us to access nature and feel completely immersed in it as we walk through the woods.
All of this science is particularly important because we are in the midst of what Williams calls “the largest migration in history”…to the indoors. She shares with us alarming statistics about how little time we spend in nature today, and how much time is spent, instead, on screens or in highly structed activities. For example, American and British children today spend half as much time outdoors as their parents did.
When I look around a town even as idyllic as ours, the statistics ring true. But we can change that, and, given where we live, we can change it tomorrow. So, let’s walk through our wooded areas, let’s support their volunteer days, and let’s say a silent thank you to all of the Angels out there that work tirelessly to conserve these places for all of us to enjoy.
— Rye Garden Club Conservation Committee
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HKUST-Bright Dream Robotics Joint Research Institute (HBJRI) cordially invites HKUST faculty to express interest in the themes and topics released by the Guangdong Bright Dream Robotics Co. Ltd. (BDR), and submit project proposals.
This batch of call for proposals has the following Pre-defined research topics:
Pre-defined research topics:
Remarks: English versions of the topics are for reference only. In case of discrepancies, the Simplified Chinese version shall prevail.
Technical details of the pre-defined research topics:
Available upon expression of interest
Typically around 1 year (including R&D and acceptance testing by user; depending on project requirements)
Typically around HK$2 - 3.5 million per project (depending on project nature and duration)
- Faculty express their interest by here. Details of the projects will then be released to those who show interest.
- HBJRI will facilitate communication between HKUST faculty and BDR R&D teams on the project’s research direction and technical specifications.
- Faculty can then submit a full proposal for panel selection and review after confirming contents with BDR R&D team.
Due Date of Expression of Interest
12 Jul 2021 17:00 or until the project is granted
Annie Kong email@example.com +852 2358 8368
Joshua Leung firstname.lastname@example.org +852 2358 6164
About Guangdong Bright Dream Robotics Co. Ltd. (BDR)
Founded by Mr Yeung Kwok-Keung in 1992, Country Garden is a listed company in Hong Kong which has grown to become one of the Fortune Global 500s - an authoritative global company ranking. Expanding its business to innovation and technology, Mr Yeung established BDR in July 2018. BDR focuses on developing core robotics technologies and intelligent manufacturing through research and development on the autonomous systems, Internet of Things, AI, cloud computing, and big data platform, for ready deploying into various areas, such as construction, restaurant, smart community/living, smart agriculture, etc.
About HKUST-Bright Dream Robotics Joint Research Institute (HBJRI)
HBJRI has been established as a unique platform to strengthen the collaboration between University and Industry in research innovation and talent development, with focus on mutually interested areas including construction, robotics, artificial intelligence, big data, smart cities and smart living, thus supporting the transition of Hong Kong and the Greater Bay Area into a knowledge-based economy through the development and commercialisation in innovation and technology.
For more information about HBJRI, please email email@example.com.
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[sdiy] Low voltage synthesis?
brianw at audiobanshee.com
Thu Jan 13 22:08:35 CET 2022
Most op-amps lose a couple of volts near each rail; the input and output voltages can't reach all the way to the rail voltage without lots of distortion. That's one reason to use ±12V to feed op-amps that need to accurately handle ±10V signals (of course, if your circuit regulates a ±12V power source down to ±10V for the supply rails, then the op-amps are good for less than ±8V or so in terms of signal levels). Apart from maximum supply voltage ratings, op-amps generally don't care what voltages are used, but there's always the stipulation that your signal levels will be a few volts less than the rails on either side. When the rails are as low as ±2V, there'd be no room left for (undistorted) signals.
I've not seen any rail-to-rail op-amps that work with more than +5V, which can be treated as ±2.5V by using a virtual ground throughout the circuit, as well as capacitive coupling (*). Thus, it seems like there's a gap between the 5V rail-to-rail signal ranges and the typical 20V to 24V or more that normal op-amps can handle. Granted, there are R2R op-amps that work with less than 5V, e.g., 3.3V, but I'd be curious whether anyone knows of an R2R with more than 5V. In particular, I don't think you can manage ±5V - because there don't seem to be any 10V R2R chips - unless you're happy with signal levels within ±3V. At that point, you'd basically be better off with ±2.5V R2R than with standard op-amps operating at ±5V.
* You can avoid capacitive coupling of signals by operating with literal bipolar supply, but that can end up with more components than a virtual ground system (like guitar pedals usually are).
On Jan 13, 2022, at 09:07, Mike Bryant <mbryant at futurehorizons.com> wrote:
> The other issue you run against is you need to use rail-to-rail op-amps, but most of these are specified for 5V/+-2.5V operation. Also these opamps are often CMOS based and have what I term "input crossover distortion" as they switch from the N to P type devices conducting. Negative feedback reduces this, but it's always slightly there. There are a few bipolar R2R opamps without this problem - Rohm BA2510 is my favourite.
More information about the Synth-diy
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One of the new features in the 1.4 beta series of Minecraft releases is the raster-based logo. Today I will be explaining briefly the details of modifying this file yourself to create your own logo.
As you can see from my own site logo, I've already produced a slick new mclogo.png graphic for the game, which will be incorporated into the next release of PepBasic. Here is a zoomed version so you can see the painstaking pixel-by-pixel detail that went into creating this version:
There are just a few things to remember when editing the image. First off, the mclogo.png resource splits the logo into 2 chunks separated by a 1 pixel vertical space between them, which are joined in the game. Each chunk has a different width which means they do not join at a centered position. The first piece has a dimension of 155x44 while the second piece is 119x44, and together this creates a 274x44 sized logo. Half of 274 is 137, which is center, so if you're going to create a new logo you will want to keep this in mind. 274x44 is presumably the maximum space you have within which to work. I have not tested higher resolution mclogo.png files, so I appreciate any feedback you can report on that.
Also, the mclogo.png file uses black for the background/transparency, and a near-black color for the lettering. While it is a PNG file, it uses an indexed palette and assigns a single color to transparency, like a GIF would do. So keep this in mind! Of course you can change the background color to whatever you want and then make it transparent. It's possible that the logo image would also accept an alpha channel mask, but I have not tested this yet. I'm a bit of a nut when it comes to image compression, and would suggest using the transparent color solution rather than an alpha mask, since this makes the total file size smaller. The only time you would want an alpha mask in this situation is if you were designing a logo with semi-transparent elements, and I can only assume with reasonable certainty that the program would render this without problems.
And that's it! I hope I've answered any questions you have about this particular Minecraft image resource.
Lastly, here are a few more samples of my design set against the original for comparison:
Thank you for reading!
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BEIJING, December 27 (RIA Novosti) – Russia and China are starting construction work on the second stage of the Tianwan nuclear power plant, Russian officials said on Thursday.
The first concrete was poured on Thursday for the foundations of the third and fourth units at the Tianwan nuclear plant, located in the Chinese province of Jiangsu.
Under the deal signed by Russia and China earlier this month the units will be equipped with Russian-made VVER-1000 reactors. Thursday’s ceremony was attended by senior officials from Russia’s Rosatom nuclear power corporation.
The Tianwan nuclear power plant is the largest facility that the two countries have built under a bilateral cooperation agreement. Its first stage, which includes two power units with VVER-1000 reactors, was brought into commercial operation in 2007.
Atomstroyexport and the Jiangsu nuclear power corporation signed a general contract to build the NPP in 1997.
The Russian company was charged with design work, equipment and material supplies, construction and assembly work, putting it into operation and training Chinese personnel.
The Tianwan nuclear energy complex will comprise eight generating units when completed.
For the first stage, Russia allotted a state loan for China totaling $2.5 billion, of which only $1.4 billion was used.
Earlier media reports cited sources familiar with the negotiations saying that the second stage will cost China 1.3 billion euros ($1.7 billion).
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The Beatles refused to play to a “segregated audience” during a gig in California in 1965, it has emerged.
Details of the Liverpool band's stipulation has emerged in a contract drawn up for the gig at the Cow Palace in Daly City which is due to be auctioned.
The contract also stipulates that the venue provide "no less than 150 uniformed police officers for protection" and a "special drumming platform for Ringo [Starr]".
A rider, which is also up for auction, stipulates that all dressing rooms must include “four cots, mirrors, an ice cooler, portable TV set and clean towels”.
The documents, signed by manager Brian Epstein, are expected to fetch up to $5,000 when they go under the hammer in Los Angeles on September 20, reports The Guardian.
Ridiculous Rock Star Riders
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President Barack Obama’s changes to the income-based repayment plan will only marginally help its touted benefiters, low-income students, while high-income students with large debts will reap most of the benefits, according to a report released last Tuesday by the New America Foundation.
As the income-based plan currently stands, borrowers pay back up to 15 percent of their annual incomes per month and can expect loan forgiveness by the government in 25 years. Obama’s plan reduces the monthly cap to 10 percent and payment time to 20 years. These changes were set to start with borrowers in 2014 but now may take effect as early as this year.
That may not be soon enough.
“It won’t apply to anyone who started repaying just as the recession was coming on, so it’s not going to help the bulk of the people who are in trouble because of the downturn,” Professor David Feldman, College of William and Mary economics department chair, said.
Although the program was advertised by the Obama administration as a way to ease the financial burden on lower and middle class students, low-income borrowers will see only a 5 to 20 dollar decrease in monthly payments, while high-income students with large amounts of debt from graduate or professional schools will see potentially hundreds of thousands of dollars of debt forgiven after 20 years.
“I don’t think I agree with the fact that people’s loans are being forgiven after a certain amount of time because I feel like it’s part of personal responsibility — that if you decide to go to law school, you’re going to have to pay for that,” Erin Hills ’14 said.
These benefits for high-income borrowers who earn upwards of $100,000 year does not seem fair to Johanna Hribal ’13, currently studying at the School of Education.
“If I’m a teacher, I work hard too,” Hribal said. “But I’ll only be making at most $40,000 a year, so it’s going to be a lot harder for me than for them.”
Economics professor Robert Archibald wasn’t sure the policy was unfair.
“I don’t know if it’s a matter of fair or not,” Archibald said. “It’s just a matter of if you are worried about people with excessive loan burdens, then you develop a program and you say anyone who has excessive loan burdens can come in.”
Feldman argued that the focus of the student loan debate lies too much on the outliers, those with significant amounts of debt.
“The idea that we have this national catastrophe because the average student is coming out with debt equal to the cost of an economy car is laughable. 90 percent of borrowers don’t have $45,000 worth of debt,” Feldman said.
But students are still worried about the results.
“That’s if you’re not incurring any extra debt. In this day and age you can’t get a job with the undergraduate level that’s long lasting. So instead of me buying that midsized Toyota Camry, I’m now buying the upscale Lexus that I can’t afford,” Hills said.
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An all-encompassing, if sometimes daunting account of life in Prague during the six-year Nazi occupation.
In his follow-up to Prague in Black and Gold: Scenes from the Life of a European City (1997), Prague-born historian Demetz (The Air Show at Brescia, 1909, 2002, etc.) covers a vast amount of political and cultural material, veering between scholarly and autobiographical approaches. The academic analysis is at times intimidatingly dense, but readers who persevere will be rewarded with rich, balanced profiles of significant figures ranging from Konstantin von Neurath, the Nazi-installed leader of Bohemia and Moravia, to Franz Kafka’s beloved Milena Jesenská, an essayist who was active in the resistance movement. The half-Jewish Demetz, who lost several family members in concentration camps, also includes detailed descriptions of the impact on Jews’ daily lives of Nazi racial policies, which could be as petty as bans on the purchase of fruit and coffee. On the cultural front, Czech films, literature and music are viewed mainly through the prism of the era’s political climate; Demetz discusses at length, for example, the role jazz played in inspiring members of the resistance. These meaty scholarly sections would have been more effective if they had been tightened. The book really shines, however, in the haunting accounts of the author’s childhood and youth, including a 1944 stint in Prague’s Pankrác prison: “In the morning, when the guards banged on our door, the oldest of us had to shout ‘Alles gesund” [All are healthy],’ but that did not stop the guards from rushing in to dunk our heads in the toilet bowls or taking us out to the corridor to do special gymnastics.”
Deftly mingling subjective and objective material, Demetz shines a bright literary light on an important piece of political and cultural history.
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Also known as a cap, a dental crown is an artificial tooth that fits over a damaged tooth, literally capping it. These single tooth restorations are used to strengthen a tooth that has suffered severe trauma, decay, or some other form of damage.
If you need a dental crown, Dr. Eddy Sauer, Jr. and Dr. Nathaniel Avirett offer traditional and same-day crowns to patients at Shemen Dental in Amarillo, TX. Read on to learn about the differences between same-day vs. traditional crowns.
Receiving Traditional Dental Crowns
Placing a traditional crown requires two dental visits. At the first appointment, your dentist will remove damaged and decayed portions of the tooth.
The remaining tooth structure is molded into a mound over which a dental crown can easily fit. Impressions are taken of the treated tooth.
An outside dental lab uses this information to fabricate your crown. Some patients may receive a temporary crown to wear while they wait about two weeks for their permanent crown to be made.
You will return to our dental practice about two weeks later to have your crown placed. After ensuring that the crown complements your bite patterns and natural smile, your dentist will cement the restoration into place.
Receiving Same-day Dental Crowns
A same-day crown condenses the entire crown preparation and placement process into a single appointment. The in-office computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology allows for the preparation and fabrication of crowns, using top-quality IPS e.max® porcelain, in about an hour.
Your dentist will prepare your tooth by removing the damaged tooth structure. Digital impressions are then taken of the treated tooth using specialized scanning technology.
This data if fed directly into a milling machine that crafts your dental crown to the precise dimensions of your tooth. Additionally, the ceramic is color-matched to your surrounding natural teeth to blend in undetectably.
It only takes about an hour for the high-tech machine to make your crown. You can simply wait in our office during that time.
About an hour later when your restoration is ready, your dentist will check that it fits in with bite and smile. Lastly, he will place it over the tooth and adhere it with specialized dental cement.
Same-day Crown Advantages
Most patients will qualify for same-day crowns, which offer a number of benefits for patients with a damaged tooth:
- Great convenience in only needing one dental appointment.
- Digital impressions instead of traditional messy impressions.
- No need for a temporary restoration.
- Extremely strong IPS e.max porcelain is very durable
- IPS e.max porcelain closely resembles real tooth enamel.
Find out Which Is Right for You
Dental crowns are a well-tested dental restoration that can restore the balance of your bite and the beauty of your smile. Find out which dental crown type, same-day or traditional, is right for you. Book your appointment by calling us at (806) 358-2472. You can also send us a message online and we will get back to you shortly.
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We know that the pandemic has been a tough time for us all, both in our personal and professional lives. It has been particularly worrying for business owners, especially those who have been directly affected by business closures, temporary or permanent. To mitigate a lot of these issues, the government introduced multiple measures and financial aid, one of which was the Corporate Insolvency and Governance Act 2020. The Act was brought in to help companies in financial distress that was caused directly by the pandemic. The Act has been extended on multiple occasions and if you’re wondering what the extensions to the CIGA mean for you as a creditor then read on to find out.
What is the CIGA for?
The CIGA came into force in June 2020 and introduced two new restructuring options as well as the dissolution of wrongful trading liability. It also enabled the prevention of winding up petitions and statutory demands, a strong tool for creditors to recover debts owed to them by organisations who were continually failing to pay and avoiding legal letters and demands.
When were the measures supposed to end?
The Act was only intended as a temporary measure and was due to come to an end in September 2020. As the deadline approached and the effects of the pandemic were viewed to extend much further than initially anticipated, the Act was extended to April 2021. There was then a further extension of the Act to June 2021. At this point, some of the measures were officially brought to an end. The suspension of directors’ liability for wrongful trading has now been rescinded. However, winding up petitions and statutory demands are still not able to be levied by businesses just yet, with the extension of these powers now due to end in September 2021 (pending no further extensions).
What do the extensions to the CIGA mean for me as a creditor?
If you are hoping to pursue a debt and your debtor is unable to pay, specifically as a direct result of the pandemic, then you will be unable to utilise a winding up petition to attempt to recover the monies owed to you. It is a stark reminder that despite the country opening up and returning to some form of normality, many businesses have suffered long-term financial difficulties, which will take some time to recover from. However, if the debts pre-date the pandemic or the coronavirus test can be satisfied then you may be able to pursue a winding up petition.
What is the coronavirus test?
The coronavirus test was created to determine if a winding up petition can be served or not. A creditor must have reasonable grounds to believe that:
- Coronavirus has not had a financial effect on the company
- The debtor would not have been able to pay its debts even if coronavirus had not had a financial effect on the company.
How do I know if I can proceed with legal action to collect my debts?
The most straightforward way to ensure that you are using the correct tools at your disposal to recover commercial debts is to engage with a third-party expert. An organisation like My Debt Recovery is up to date with the latest regulatory changes and we already have a good understanding of how the legal landscape lies. We are able to engage with you and your debtor to discover how the situation relates to coronavirus and determine what the most appropriate method for collecting the debt will be.
We have successfully been able to help our clients recover monies owed to them throughout the pandemic and we can help you to do the same. Reach out to our team today and start the discussion to find out how the My Debt Recovery team can work with you to get your money back where it belongs.
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Here you will have to solve various riddles, puzzles, charades, think through logical chains that connect completely random, at first glance, objects, and much more in the shortest or limited time. And all this in order to escape from a closed space: a room, a house, a Bank, a castle, a factory, a country, and even a planet. Games of this genre have actually a short history; born at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, they have generated such popularity that now millions of people around the world do not want to drive cool, high-speed and armored cars online, shoot a variety of weapons and play solitaire ..., they are trying to Escape!
What should we do in these games?
It doesn't matter how you got here, now your main task is to get out of here! Turn on all your logic, observation, pay attention to the simplest things and unusual, move objects, read postcards and look at pictures… Find hints, rare and unclear. Look for a connection in all of this. By solving all these puzzles and puzzles, putting items in a chain of conclusions, you can find a key that allows you to go to another location, to another level of difficulty. Although sometimes just having a key doesn't give you a direct answer, you need to understand which lock it belongs to and how to enter it. But what an adrenaline rush when you were able to do it and got one step closer to freedom.
Feel like a hero of the movie "Jumanji", when they, using their skills, attention, resourcefulness, knowledge, logic, and sometimes luck, were able to get out of this seemingly unlucky situation, risking staying in the country for many years.
Situations and locations offered by the games "Escape Games" can be everywhere: anywhere, in a crowded city or on an abandoned rocky island, can only concern you or your friends, can be with creepy monsters or constantly disturbing you by little penguins.
It can be an adventure, fantasy, nightmare, or just a fun story that you want to go through with your children, while teaching them to pay attention to details, increasing their horizons and knowledge. Such experience and such bonds in the team can be useful in their future lives.
Play our games in your daily life at any time. Overcome all virtual obstacles and charge yourself with confidence, luck, creativity, care, and even a great mood. It should be added that many games are made with excellent graphics and music. Pleasure is provided for you.
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There’s a lot to talk about in President Obama’s long-awaited Cairo speech (the text is here). I’ll stick to the part about Israel and the Palestinians. Start with this:
Around the world, the Jewish people were persecuted for centuries, and anti-Semitism in Europe culminated in an unprecedented Holocaust…
On the other hand, it is also undeniable that the Palestinian people – Muslims and Christians – have suffered in pursuit of a homeland. For more than sixty years they have endured the pain of dislocation. Many wait in refugee camps in the West Bank, Gaza, and neighboring lands for a life of peace and security that they have never been able to lead. They endure the daily humiliations – large and small – that come with occupation. So let there be no doubt: the situation for the Palestinian people is intolerable.
The implied equivalence — even the mere comparison — is obscene. Nobody shot and gassed six million Palestinians to death, and European Jews did not start and lose a war against Germany. The fact that the head of the dominant Palestinian clan at the time (and the closest thing to a national leader they had), Haj Amin al-Husseini, was a friend and admirer of Hitler adds to the irony. What was Obama thinking?
Note also the discussion of “sixty years…occupation”. Of course Obama would say that he meant the occupation since 1967…wouldn’t he?
Apparently the theme of the speech is making equivalences. Here’s another:
For decades, there has been a stalemate: two peoples with legitimate aspirations, each with a painful history that makes compromise elusive. It is easy to point fingers – for Palestinians to point to the displacement brought by Israel’s founding, and for Israelis to point to the constant hostility and attacks throughout its history from within its borders as well as beyond. But if we see this conflict only from one side or the other, then we will be blind to the truth: the only resolution is for the aspirations of both sides to be met through two states, where Israelis and Palestinians each live in peace and security.
I suppose there’s no hope of getting beyond false symmetries. Politics is the art of saying “both sides, blah, blah”, someone said. But let’s look at these aspirations:
- Israel aspires to live in peace in the Middle East as a Jewish state. Its history of readiness for compromise shows that borders are less important than peace and security.
- Palestinians aspire to rule “from the river to the sea”. A Jewish state of any size in this area is unacceptable to them.
Again there is no comparison. Israel does not deny the principle of Palestinian self-determination (insofar as it can be realized without destroying Israel). But the Palestinians even deny that there is a Jewish people.
This explains why negotiations to produce a two-state solution have so far failed: Palestinians have always demanded conditions that would not allow Israel to exist as a Jewish state.
On the subject of Iranian nuclear ambitions, he said,
…any nation – including Iran – should have the right to access peaceful nuclear power if it complies with its responsibilities under the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. That commitment is at the core of the Treaty, and it must be kept for all who fully abide by it. And I am hopeful that all countries in the region can share in this goal.
A hint that he would like to see Israel, too, sign the treaty and give up her nuclear deterrent? Again we see the false equivalence: as if there is any comparison between Israel’s maintaining a true deterrent force in the face of regional hostility, and Iran’s intention to create a nuclear shield for its proxies!
Here’s a final juxtaposition:
To play a role in fulfilling Palestinian aspirations, and to unify the Palestinian people, Hamas must put an end to violence, recognize past agreements, and recognize Israel’s right to exist.
At the same time, Israelis must acknowledge that just as Israel’s right to exist cannot be denied, neither can Palestine’s. The United States does not accept the legitimacy of continued Israeli settlements. This construction violates previous agreements and undermines efforts to achieve peace. It is time for these settlements to stop.
So Hamas refuses to accept Israel’s right to exist, and demonstrates that with suicide bombers and Qassam rockets. “At the same time,” Israel ‘denies Palestine’s right to exist’ by …building homes within existing settlements! And some of these ‘settlements’ are better described as neighborhoods of East Jerusalem.
This is expressed in a somewhat unfortunate way. Read literally — as the Arabs will do — this implies that any Jewish presence in the area of the 19-year Jordanian occupation is illegitimate and must ‘stop’.
But even if we understand it to refer to construction, then an addition to an existing building inside an East Jerusalem neighborhood is not distinguished from establishing a hilltop outpost in Samaria. Both must stop, according to the President.
As an aside, this is absurd. Jews lived in East Jerusalem until they were killed or expelled by the Jordanians in 1948, as part of a war of aggression and conquest waged by Jordan. After Israel retook the territory in the defensive 1967 war, Jews moved back. Now they are “illegitimate?”
Throughout, Obama struggles to equate Israel with ‘Palestine’, so he can justify taking from one to give to the other. Of course, ‘Palestine’ will never be satisfied until there is nothing left of Israel — but apparently he is unable to see this.
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BRACELET "NIT I DIA (II)"
**NOTE: Has necklace to set (necklace NIT I DIA -II-). In case you want to acquire the two pieces, we are informed in advance to deactivate in ETSY the shipping costs, which will be borne by us.
Puksera with black-white zebra jasper chips (4-7 mm), 1 nugget of rose quartz or rock crystal (20x15 mm) and with silver beads.
Colors that are ideal for the whole year.
I invite you to read, the properties of the gems that you will wear, and whose properties you will benefit from, apart from being an informal and elegant piece at the same time.
ZEBRA JASPER - PROPERTIES
In the Middle Ages it was considered the stone of the victors, who embedded in their swords, as was the case of Sigifried who wore a jasper on the hilt of Balmung. American Indians used Jasper in ceremonies to attract rain and for divination. An ancient Egyptian king, Nechepsus, used, to strengthen his digestive system.
Zebra jasper is said to stimulate communication and creativity. It also enhances the power of concentration. Recommended in all kinds of phobias and irrational fears. It is a stone of strong energetic vibrations, it imparts determination to all purposes and helps us to be honest with ourselves.
WHITE QUARTZ OR ROCK CRYSTAL - PROPERTIES
The Greeks thought that quartz was deep-frozen ice, in all cultures it is considered a healing and magical stone, quartz expelled demons and diseases, they used it as a dispenser of strength and energy. In China, rock crystal was used to carve cult objects that were prized and considered symbols of power. In Egypt they used rock crystal to make talismans, bracelets, necklaces rings or other personal ornaments.
Rock crystal quartz is the best cleanser and neutralizer of negative energies, the best choice for meditation. It is a mineral that helps us think positively. It has a wide magnetic field with which our energy field is reinforced, it is also a magnificent balancer of all our faculties absorbing all negative energies. Feng Shui and quartz: This mineral due to the positive energy and good vibrations they bring to the home, favors what is related to the sentimental framework.
Chakras: Spleen, throat, crown.
Buyers are responsible for any customs and import taxes that may apply. I'm not responsible for delays due to customs.
Just contact me within: 14 days of delivery
Ship items back to me within: 30 days of delivery
But please contact me if you have any problems with your order.
Because of the nature of these items, unless they arrive damaged or defective, I can't accept returns for:
Buyers are responsible for return shipping costs. If the item is not returned in its original condition, the buyer is responsible for any loss in value.
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Article by Ceri Wheeldon
With more than 7 million employees over the age of 50 in the UK, and with the country as a whole having to come to terms with an ageing population and extended retirement ages, employers have to recognise the value employees over 50 can bring to the workplace.
I have run my own business for nearly 30 years so can essentially decide how long I continue to work,but have many friends in corporate life who feel they are being ‘aged out’- despite the default retirement age having been scrapped a decade ago. I know that many of the readers of Fab after Fifty have raised concerns about perceived ageism in the recruitment process when they have been seeking new roles.
I feel this is so short sighted. There is a wealth of experience that older workers are able to bring to the table. At 50 an individual may have as many working years ahead of them as behind them. Being overlooked by employers is not only detrimental to the individuals, but also detrimental to the organisations they can deliver so much benefit to.
Here are are just some of the reasons I believe that older workers make great employees
Why older workers make great employees
- They bring maturity and confidence
- They tend to be less ‘flappable’ and react well in a crisis
- They offer a wealth of skills and experience
- They make excellent mentors
- They are used to multi-tasking and hence have strong organisational skills
- They have excellent people skills and are able to communicate across the generations
- They are reliable and motivated to work
- They tend not to take as many ‘ad hoc’ days away from work
- They can take their holidays outside of the peak school holiday period
- They stay in their jobs longer so reduce recruitment costs and create more continuity
- They are loyal to their employer
- Less absenteeism
- They are more open to flexible working
With the shift in demographics – older workers provide employers with a productive and positive solution.
If employers appreciate and invest in mature employees with programmes such as the Midlife MOT it is a win win situation. Employees feel appreciated and understand what they need to do to ensure they keep their skills up to date, and the changes they need to make to live a healthier lifestyle, and employers retain motivated, engaged employees.
I’m sure there are many more positives to highlight ! Please add to the list!!
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Consumption over the life cycle and the business cycle.
American Economic Review
We assess the empirical validity of the life-cycle model using a time series of cross sections and a novel parametrization of preferences. The main findings are as follows: (i) The excess sensitivity of consumption growth to labor income disappears when we control for demographic variables. (ii) The elasticity of intertemporal substitution (EIS) is a function of several variables, including the level of consumption. The EIS increases with the level of consumption. (iii) The variables that change the EIS are also important in explaining excess sensitivity over the business cycle. We are able to reconcile our results with those in the macro and micro literature.
|Title:||Consumption over the life cycle and the business cycle|
|Additional information:||This issue is available via subscription to JSTOR at http://www.jstor.org/stable/2950978 Please see http://eprints.ucl.ac.uk/15245/ a Working Paper version|
|Keywords:||JEL classification: D30, D91, E14. Consumption, life cycle|
|UCL classification:||UCL > School of Arts and Social Sciences > Faculty of Social and Historical Sciences > Economics|
Archive Staff Only
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An examination of feedback-seeking behaviors, the feedback source and career success
Management and Entrepreneurship
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether individuals seeking feedback from either a supervisor or co-worker relate to intrinsic and extrinsic career success. Design/methodology/approach – Survey data were collected from 168 employees in three different organizations in the southeastern United States. Moderated multiple regression was used to test the hypotheses. Findings – Results support interactions of feedback seeking and feedback source (both supervisor and co-worker) to predict extrinsic career success. There was no support for the proposed interaction of feedback seeking and feedback source to predict intrinsic career success. Practical implications – The results support the need for organizations to focus on developing feedback environments that encourage feedback-seeking behaviors. Individuals that desire more feedback and take initiative within their careers by seeking feedback may have positive outcomes related to extrinsic career success. Originality/value – The study is one of the few studies to evaluate feedback-seeking behaviors in relation to individual outcomes such as career success. The findings support proactive behaviors in relation to extrinsic career success and continue the call for more research related to proactive behaviors in the workplace.
Career Development International
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
Cheramie, Robin, "An examination of feedback-seeking behaviors, the feedback source and career success" (2013). Management & Entrepreneurship Faculty Publications. 6.
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Sometimes, prevention is the best course of treatment. Avoid costly emergency visits by getting a custom mouthguard constructed for the sporting field. The last thing we want to see is a great match ruined by an unforeseen accident resulting in dental trauma.
For night time tooth grinding and clenching we also construct appliances to prevent uncontrolled subconscious damage to your teeth. The muscles surrounding your jaw are incredibly powerful and are able to exert a tremendous amount of force onto the teeth. People who grind and clench their teeth are at a much higher risk of cracking, damaging and wearing down their teeth. Prevent costly rebuilds by having a nighttime splint fitted, the splint will not only lift and separate the teeth from meeting but also train your muscles to relax.
Pakenham Dental Surgery has been assisting locals in Pakenham since 1975. Get in touch today!
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The Science Education Resource Center (SERC for short!) is a curriculum materials center for science for both UNI students and faculty and K-12 science teachers. The SERC has print materials - science tests, activity books, science standards, and pedagogy materials - as well as science kits for grades K- 8. Print materials may be checked out just as from a library. Science Kits can be reserved by AEA 267 teachers for classroom use and delivered directly to the schools.
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Millions of people across the national capital New Delhi and major Indian cities were placed under lockdown to slow the spread of the coronavirus on Monday, even as bourses plunged over 11 per cent.
Many people were still not taking the lockdown seriously, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, as television footage showed people at bus terminals and out in markets in different cities not adhering to social distancing norms.
‘Please save yourself, save your family, follow the directives seriously. I request state governments to ensure that the rules and laws are followed,’ Modi tweeted in Hindi.
Shortly after, the federal government took a tougher tone. It ordered the states to 'strictly enforce' the lockdown, which continues till 31 March, and asked for legal action against those who violated the restrictions. Violators could face fines and jail for up to six months.
Across India, 75 districts including Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata and Bengaluru were Monday beginning a complete lockdown, which means that only essential services would be allowed.
Railways, metros and inter-state buses have been stopped and public transport including taxis were banned in several states.
Government utility offices and essential services including shops selling grocery, vegetables banks and ATMs, hospitals and pharmacies will remain open.
Across India, the number of positive cases soared in the last three days with 200 fresh cases. There were a total of 415 positive cases and seven people died, according to health officials.
India's domestic markets tanked amid the panic over the pandemic. The benchmark 30-share Sensex had plunged by 11.60 per cent, and was down 3,367.83 points.
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India fines Amnesty nearly $8mn after funding probe
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Study Looks At Risk Factors for Teens and Guns
New research finds that, for teens, risk and protective factors for carrying and using weapons vary by race and gender. But overall, helping teens reduce emotional distress, limiting exposure to violence, and minimizing alcohol and drug use may decrease the risk of weapon involvement for all adolescents.
The study is published in The Journal of Pediatrics.
Dr. Rashmi Shetgiri from Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and researchers from University of Texas at Dallas, Southwestern Medical Center, and Johns Hopkins Children’s Center used longitudinal data from a national survey conducted during the mid-1990s, when rates of violent crime had been in decline.
A subset of students in grades seven to 12 were surveyed about weapon involvement in two waves, approximately one year apart. According to Shetgiri, “We used the data to identify risk and protective factors for involvement with weapons in the past year, which we defined as carrying a weapon, pulling a gun or knife on someone, or shooting or stabbing someone.”
The researchers found that 13 percent of African American, 10 percent of Latino, and seven percent of white students were involved with weapons. Of those who carried weapons, 17 percent also had shot or stabbed someone in the previous 12 months.
Compared with those who reported no weapon involvement, adolescents who initially reported involvement with weapons were four to six times more likely to be involved with weapons a year later. It also was found that boys were two to four times more likely than girls to be involved with weapons.
Further, emotional distress and substance use were found to be risk factors for all groups. Exposure to violence and peer delinquency were risk factors for whites and African-Americans. Guns in the home were associated with weapon involvement for African-Americans only.
High educational aspirations were protective for African-Americans and Latinos, but higher family connectedness was protective for Latinos only.
Researchers believe proactive initiatives may reduce the risk of weapon use by teens. They explain that although there are differences among racial/ethnic groups in specific risk and protective factors for weapon carrying and use, targeting specific risk profiles can be effective.
Said Shetgiri, “It is important to also promote educational aspirations, minimize the influence of delinquent peer groups, and focus on family connectedness to appropriately tailor programs for different racial/ethnic groups.”
Nauert PhD, R. (2016). Study Looks At Risk Factors for Teens and Guns. Psych Central. Retrieved on January 23, 2017, from https://psychcentral.com/news/2016/01/25/teen-risk-for-weapon-violence-can-be-lowered/98148.html
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originally posted by: Specimen
I have to smack my laptop sometimes in the right spot to make the speaker work.
I could only imagine the amount of patches they have to put into the software, nvm the body.
Science fiction, computer games, anime… cyborgs are everywhere. Transhumanists are philosophers who believe that one day, cybernetic upgrades will be so powerful, elegant, and inexpensive that everyone will want them. This report lists ten major upgrades that I think will be adopted by 2050.
10. Disease Immunity
Between 20 and 40 years into the future, we will become capable of building artificial antibodies that outperform their natural equivalents. Instead of using chemical signaling that relies on diffusion to reach its target, these antibodies will communicate with rapid acoustic pulses. Instead of proteins, they will be made using much more durable polymers or even diamond. These antibodies will move through the bloodstream more quickly than other cells in the body, and will take up less space and resources, meaning that there will be room for many more.
Using super-biological methods for identifying and neutralizing foreign viruses and bacteria, these tiny robots will still function in harmony with our own bodies. They will probably be powered either by glucose, ATP (like natural antibodies), or acoustically. There are already bloodborne microbots today which are not rejected by the immune system — these are the precursors of tomorrow’s nanorobotics. Through their presence and continued operation, they will eliminate all susceptibility to disease in those who have them running through their veins. This will not make people immortal, but it will allow them to walk into a room contaminated with a flesh-eating virus in nothing but a pair of shorts and a T-shirt. For more on artificial antibodies and other body-integrated nanites, see Nanomedicine.
9. Telemicroscopic, Full-Spectrum Vision
There are microscopes that weigh one tenth of an ounce. Some birds of prey have vision so sharp that they can spot a hare a mile away. We have compact devices that can scan the electromagnetic spectrum from x-rays to radio waves, and everything in between. Our eyes in their current form can do none of these things. But in time, they will be upgraded. There are already prosthetic retinas that can provide low-resolution artificial vision for blind people.
It’s simply a matter of time until better prosthetic eyes are created, and their sharpness, contrast, and resolution is superior to what evolution gave us. The biggest challenge may end up not actually being about building a superior artificial eye, but remodeling the visual cortex so that it can process the info and relay it to the rest of the brain in such a way that it’s not overwhelmed.
8. Telepathy/Brain-Computer Interfacing
Ever wanted to send someone a message with nothing but your mind, or have a neural implant that gives your brain direct access to Google? Hundreds of corporate and academic labs across the world are working on projects that generate progress in this area. Check out the Berlin Brain-Computer Interface, which lets you move the cursor around on a screen with only your EEG waves and 20 minutes of training.
Miniature fMRI will allow us to continue increasing the bandwidth between brain and computer, eventually allowing for a “mental typewriter” that converts thoughts into text. A tiny transmitter could send this to a bone-conduction device on the receiving person, letting them hear the message without sound. NASA is also working on a device to transcribe silent, “subvocal” speech. Like many transhumanist upgrades, these will probably start as efforts to help people who are handicapped, then evolve into powerful tools that can be used by anyone bold enough to adopt them.
Early in 2006, scientists at the University of Texas at Dallas, led by Dr. Ray H. Baughman, developed artificial muscles 100 times stronger than our own, powered by alcohol and hydrogen. Leonid Taranenko, the former Soviet weightlifter, holds the world record for power lifting a 266 kg (586 lbs) dumbbell. If Leo’s natural muscles were replaced with Dr. Baughman’s synthetic polymer muscles, he could lift 26,600 kg, or about 30 tons. That’s equivalent to this yacht, the Nova Spirit.
Super-strength is an interesting area in that the technology to do it has already been invented — the only step remaining is actually weaving the fiber into a human body — which, today, would be complicated and messy, not to mention probably illegal.
However, that doesn’t mean that it won’t be done, probably within the next couple decades. Further improvements to the process could make it safe for normal people, numerous ethics questions notwithstanding. One benefit of improved muscles is that we’d be far less vulnerable to unfortunate accidents. They could also provide armor against bullets or other forms of attack. One downside is that people could use them to bully others around. Guess the good guys will need even bigger muscles.
6. Improved Appearance
In general, there is a lot of agreement as to who is attractive and who is less so. Numerous experiments have shown that while there are slight subjective differences in who we want to get with, we are biologically programmed to look for certain facial and physical features that correlate with increased fitness.
For the time being, this is unavoidable. The only way to change it would be to reach inside our neural circuitry and start severing connections. Until we choose to do that, we can improve our own lives — and the lives of those who have to look at us — by looking as pretty or handsome as possible. We brush our teeth, keep fit, take showers, and all that other great stuff that helps us score.
Some of us even visit the plastic surgeon, with mixed results. Surveys show that certain procedures, like liposuction, have very high patient satisfaction rates. As the safety and precision of our body modification technologies improves, we’ll be able to change our faces and bodies with minimal fuss, and maximal benefit.
Everyone will be able to be stunningly attractive. And the really great thing? We’ll always be able to enjoy it. If everyone becomes attractive, we won’t regard the slightly less attractive of the lot as “ugly” — our brain doesn’t work that way. An attractive person is attractive, whether or not others are around. A planet full of attractive people could do a lot to improve our quality of life.
In the real world, psychokinesis is a bunch of wishful thinking and pseudoscience. Despite the roughly 30% of people who think that it’s possible to affect objects through the mind alone, history and evidence make it clear that this is total nonsense. There are no psychics and there never have been. However, that doesn’t mean that we can’t create technopsychics artificially.
By 2030, we’ll be cranking out utility fog — swarms of tiny machines that fly through the air and interlock with robotic arms. By combining brain-computer interfaces, like the type used by Claudia Mitchell to move her prosthetic arm, with utility fog, we will have direct-thought connections with powerful external robotics, allowing non-fictional psychokinesis. Utility fog, once all the necessary software for it is developed, will be capable of cooperating to perform practically any physical task or simulate a wide range of materials.
Because utility fog could be distributed at low density and still accomplish a lot, a room filled with utility fog would look empty, and people in it could move and breathe normally. They would only notice once the fog is activated — either by a central computer, or a neural interface. Once a connection is achieved, practically anything could be accomplished with the proper programming. Throwing objects through the air, hovering over the ground, cracking an egg from across the room, materializing orbs of energy — all the antics we’ve always wanted to perform, but never had the means to.
Autopoiesis is Greek for self-creation. Allopoiesis is other-creation. Our body engages in both all the time — we start as a fetus that creates itself until it becomes an adult, then, essentially stops. Our body produces things external to itself, but usually involving an extended process of cooperation with thousands of other human beings and the entire economy.
In the future, there will be cybernetic upgrades that allow for personal autopoietic and allopoietic manufacturing, probably based on molecular nanotechnology. Using whatever raw material is available, complex construction routines, and internal nanomanufacturing units, we’ll be able to literally breathe life into dirt. If our arms or legs get blown off, we’ll be able to use manufacturing modules in other parts of our body to regenerate them. Instead of building robots in a factory, we’ll build them ourselves. The possibilities are quite expansive, but this would require technology more sophisticated than anything discussed thus far in this list.
Human flight, outside of an airplane… this was recently achieved by former military pilot Yves Rossy, who flew 7,750 ft above the Alps in his 10 ft wide, self-designed aerofoil. You can see a video of it here. The airfoil weighs only 110 lbs and cost just under $300,000.
Over the next few decades, the weight will come down, the strength and flexibility will go up, and eventually it will be difficult to distinguish between people in aerofoils and people that can just fly whenever they want.
Using high strength-to-weight materials like fullerenes, we will fly using wings that weigh only a fraction of our own weight and fold into our clothing or body when not in use. Rossy achieved speeds of 115 mph, but with superior materials and greater tolerance for acceleration and wind, our cybernetic flight speeds are more likely to top 500 mph. To take off from the ground, we’ll simply use our super-muscles to jump to the highest object around and begin our flight from there. With personal flight, commercial airliners will become obsolete. The only problem left will be dodging each other.
When we think of superintelligence, we tend to think of the ways it is portrayed in fiction — the character able to multiply 6 fifty digit numbers in his head, learn ten languages in a month, repeat the catch phrase “That’s not logical”, and other tired cliches. True superintelligence would be something radically different — a person able to see the obvious solution that the entire human race missed, conceive of and implement advanced plans or concepts that the greatest geniuses would never think of, understand and rewrite its own cognitive processes on the most fundamental level, and so on.
A cybernetic superintelligence would not just be another genius human, it would be something entirely superhuman — something that could completely change the world overnight. For the same reason that we can’t write a book with a character smarter than ourselves, we can’t imagine the thoughts or actions of a true superintelligence, because they’d be beyond us. Whether it is developed through uploading, neuroengineering, or artificial intelligence, remains to be seen.
The ultimate upgrade would be physical immortality. Everything else pales by comparison. Today, there are already entire movements based around the idea. Realizing the possibility of immortality requires seeing a human being as a physical system — composed of working parts that cooperate to make up the whole, some of which have the tendency to get old and break down.
Cambridge biogerontologist Aubrey de Grey has identified seven causes of aging, which are believed to be comprehensive, because its been decades since a degenerative process has occurred in the body with an unknown cause. Defeating aging, then, would simply require addressing these one by one. They are: cell depletion, supernumerary cells, chromosomal mutations, mitochondrial mutations, cellular junk, extracellular junk, and protein cross-links. A few pioneering researchers are looking towards solutions, but accepting the possibility requires looking at aging as a disease and not as a necessary component of life.
originally posted by: UmbraSumus
a reply to: FormOfTheLord
If you haven't already seen this documentary - its one to watch.
Building Gods Documentary: Transhumanism, Artificial Intelligence and Nanotechnology
Contributor Hugo de Garis' future world of Cosmists , Terrans and Artilects is quite fascinating.
So too Nick Bostrom:
originally posted by: UmbraSumus
a reply to: FormOfTheLord
Of course the whole area involves a high degree of speculation but I find it truly fascinating.
I would like to see more of its themes dealt with in film and I suspect we will.
originally posted by: cavtrooper7
I'd rather not be a part of a hive mind.
I want my ID intact and NON hackable.
Better being an individual than possibly being enslaved by a superior system and having NO control of my life ,which IS entirely possible should one get augmented like that.
originally posted by: cavtrooper7
HOW do we KNOW?
If it IS a true A.I. wouldn't it WANT to help instead of destroy?
I would say it would depend on what it's primary program was to be fufilled.
Why would hostillity ALWAYS be assumed on an A.I. intellect?
originally posted by: RedParrotHead
It doesn't matter what anyone wants. There's not much point in even discussing it IMO. All fields of technology have and will advance until they reach a upper most limit or dead end.
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Homeowners Insurance Policies in Many Coastal States Affected by Sandy Have Hurricane Deductibles
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
New York Press Office: (212) 346-5500; email@example.com
NEW YORK, October 27, 2012 — With Hurricane Sandy expected to hit the East Coast over the next few days, now is a good time to review your homeowners insurance policy so that you know what your hurricane deductible is, according to the Insurance Information Institute (I.I.I.).
Hurricane deductibles are incorporated into many of the homeowners insurance policies issued in the 18 coastal U.S. states bordering the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico as well as in the District of Columbia. A deductible is the amount of money policyholders pay out-of-pocket before their insurance coverage kicks in; it is important to understand whether a specific hurricane deductible applies to your policy.
“Due to increased coastal development and greater hurricane risk, hurricane deductibles were created to help keep private sector property insurance coverage available and affordable by having the policyholder share more of the risk with their insurer,” said Michael Barry, vice president, Media Relations, at the I.I.I.
A standard homeowners insurance policy deductible is usually either $500 or $1,000. Hurricane deductibles are calculated as a percentage of the insured value of a house. That percentage, and details about a policy’s hurricane deductible, is generally listed on the Declarations page, the first page of an insurance policy.
States allowing insurers to incorporate hurricane deductibles into their homeowners policies include: Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas and Virginia.
Hurricane deductibles apply solely to damage caused by hurricanes, and typically vary from 1 percent to 5 percent of the insured value of a home. For example, a policyholder whose home is insured for $200,000 with a 2 percent hurricane deductible would have to pay the first $4,000 needed to repair the home, if the loss were caused by a hurricane. In some coastal areas with high wind risk, insurers may incorporate hurricane deductibles even higher than 5 percent. Moreover, in some states policyholders can select higher hurricane deductibles in order to reduce their premiums.
Insurers’ hurricane deductible plans are reviewed and approved by state insurance regulators. Whether a hurricane deductible applies to a claim depends on the specific “trigger” selected by the insurance company. These triggers vary by state and insurer and usually apply when the National Weather Service (NWS) officially names a tropical storm, declares a hurricane watch or warning, or defines a hurricane’s intensity. Due to these differences, it is a good idea to speak with your insurance professional to learn exactly how your particular hurricane deductible works.
THE I.I.I. IS A NONPROFIT, COMMUNICATIONS ORGANIZATION SUPPORTED BY THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY.
Insurance Information Institute, 110 William Street, New York, NY 10038; (212) 346-5500; www.iii.org
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FBI: Violent crime rises in U.S., but drops 13% in Detroit
For the first time in two years, the nation saw an increase in violent crime last year, but Detroit managed to buck the trend with a drop in murders, rapes and assaults, according to new data released by the FBI.
Despite the improvement, however, Detroit is still among the most violent large cities in America, surpassed only by St. Louis, with the second highest violent crime rate among cities with more than 100,000 residents. Detroit also has the third highest homicide rate in the country for cities of that same size, trailing St. Louis and Baltimore.
But the FBI's numbers do show progress for Detroit.
While the nation saw violent crime go up almost 4% in 2015 from the year before, Detroit saw a 13% drop in violent crimes, which fell from 13,616 to 11,846 during the same time period.
- Homicides in Detroit dropped from 299 to 295.
- Rapes dropped from 557 to 530.
- Aggravated assaults dropped from 9,191 to 7,564.
"We're happy, but it's nothing to brag about. One shooting is still too many. One homicide is still too many," said Assistant Police Chief Steve Dolunt. "Are we pleased with what we're seeing? Yeah. We've had a downward trend. But I tell you, the community has helped us out a lot ... The community is working with us more. They trust us more."
After three decades of working for the Detroit Police Department, Dolunt said: "It's a good feeling. After 31 years, it's a good feeling."
But there's still plenty left to do, Dolunt said, noting homicides are up slightly this year. As of Monday, the city had seen 221 homicides, five more than it had seen at this time last year, or a 2% increase, he said.
Other crimes, however, are down for the year. According to Dolunt, carjackings in Detroit are down 38% compared to last year; non-fatal shootings are down 10%, robberies are down 14% and aggravated assaults are down 4%.
But the numbers are still grim. Detroit's violent crime and homicide rates sill far outpace those of their metropolitan counterparts. For example, Detroit's homicide rate is in 2015 was 43 homicides per 100,000 residents. In comparison, Chicago has 17 homicides per 100,000 residents; and New York City has 4 homicides per 100,000 residents.
Detroit's violent crime rate also is high. In 2015, it was 1,750 per 100,000 residents, more than triple the national rate of 372 offenses per 100,000 residents.
Unlike Detroit, however, the U.S.saw an increase in several violent crimes in 2015: Murders and non-negligent manslaughter cases increased 10.8%; rapes nationwide went up 6.3 %; aggravated assaults went up 4.6% and robberies increased 1.4%.
Property crimes, however, went down both nationwide and in the city of Detroit, which saw a significant drop in car thefts, down from 10,083 to 5,216.
Nationwide, the country saw an estimated 7.9 million property crimes in 2015. That was a 2.6% drop from the year before, marking the 13th straight year that property crimes went down across the country. Burglaries dropped 7.8%, larceny-thefts declined 1.8%, but motor vehicle thefts rose 3.1%.
In Detroit, property crimes also went down, from 32,983 to 27,559; robberies decreased from 3,570 to 3,457; burglaries dropped from 9,177 to 7,820; but larceny thefts went up from 13,723 to 14,523. Arsons also saw a big jump, 490 to 842.
Free Press reporter Gina Damron contributed to this report.
Tresa Baldas can be contacted at firstname.lastname@example.org. Follow her on Twitter @Tbaldas.
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The Clinical Psychologist's Handbook of Epilepsy
Assessment and Management
Normal Price: $70.99
Your Price: $63.89 AUD, inc. GST
Shipping: $7.95 per order
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Availability: Available, ships in 7-10 days
Clinical Psychologist's Handbook of Epilepsy by Christine Cull
Book DescriptionPsychological techniques have a major role to play in the treatment and management of epilepsy. The Clinical Psychologist's Handbook of Epilepsy is the first comprehensive reference text written specifically from a psychological angle. A team of experts review the latest research and give practical advice for the clinician in areas including neuropsychological assessment, the impact of anti-epileptic medication, behaviour problems in children with epilepsy, and the impact of epilepsy in people with learning disabilities. A practical handbook for all psychologists working in the area, whether new to the field or more experienced, The Clinical Psychologist's Handbook of Epilepsy will also provide a useful resource for research.
Buy Clinical Psychologist's Handbook of Epilepsy book by Christine Cull from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9780415130516
(216mm x 138mm x 20mm)
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd
Publish Date: 17-Jul-1997
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
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Honey Grade Question
I have a question that hopefully you guys can answer. I have purchased a very basic Pfund honey grading system: Jacks Scale
My question is, Has anyone correlated a direct relation between the mm reading and the type of honey. For example, has anyone measured sourwood honey and if so what was the mm reading. It seems to me there should me a correlation between the type of honey and the color. So therefore the measuring the color should be able to classified as a certain type of honey (depending on region).
Tell me if I'm on to something or is there too many variables in the honey. Can true sourwood honey vary in color from year to year?
Thanks in advance!
Tags for this Thread
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Matters of Scale - Death in Baghdad
Number of homicides per 100,000 people in the city of Baghdad during the first 12 months of the U.S. occupation (May 2003–April 2004)
Number of homicides per 100,000 in New York City
Number of violent deaths of Iraqis recorded by the Baghdad morgue per month, in 2002
Number recorded by the same morgue during the first 12 months of the U.S. occupation
Number of violent deaths of Iraqis recorded by the Karbala city morgue (Iraq) per month in 2002
Number recorded per month by the same morgue in the first 12 months of the U.S. occupation
Number of U.S. military deaths that had been sustained as of the day President Bush declared "mission accomplished"
Number as of one year after the "mission accomplished" declaration
Number of Americans killed on their own soil, in combat with the British during the Revolutionary War
Number of Iraqis killed on their own soil, in combat with the Americans during "Operation Iraqi Freedom"
Number of journalists killed in reprisals for their work, worldwide, in 2002
Number of journalists killed in Iraq in 2003
Sources: Homicides in Baghdad: Kais Hassan, Director of Statistics, Baghdad Medical Institute; violent deaths before and during the U.S. occupation: Associated Press survey of morgues in Karbala, Kirkuk, and Tikrit, 2004; U.S. military deaths: Daniel Cooney, Associated Press, quoted in www.worldrevolution.org, May 23, 2004; journalists killed: Committee to Protect Journalists, 2004 News Alert, www.cpj.org.
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Keladry of Mindelan has finally achieved her lifelong dream of becoming a knight - but it's not quite what she imagined.
In the midst of a brutal war, Kel has been assigned to oversee a refugee camp. Others are sent to fight. Though certain she has been given this inglorious and difficult task because Lord Wyldon continues to deny she is equal to her male peers, Kel is learning the importance of caring for people who havebeen robbed of their homes, of self-respect and of safety.
Perhaps this is the most important battleground in the war? But when Kel discovers truths behind the monstrous killing devices that her friends are fighting without her, will she honour her sworn duty . . .
or embark on a quest that could turn the tide of the war? A powerful classic that is more timely than ever, the Protector of the Small series is about smashing the ceilings others place above you. In a landmark quartet published years before it's time, Kel must prove herself twice as good as her male peers just to be thought equal. A series that touches on questions of courage, friendship, a humane perspective - told against a backdrop of a magical, action-packed fantasy adventure.
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The Northwest Objectivists will host historian Scott Powell for a single lecture event Saturday, January 30th.
Mr. Powell is the creator of the acclaimed adults history program on the history of Western civilization entitled A First History for AdultsTM. He is also the creator and teacher of the HistoryAtOurHouse secular homeschooling curriculum for students from 2nd to 12th grade.
This single lecture event is entitled “A Tale of Two Cities: The Story of the Athenian Democracy and the Roman Republic“.
In this two-hour presentation, Mr. Powell will give a narrative overview of the rise of these two governments, with the purpose of elucidating the key political concepts “democracy” and “republic.” The purpose of this history lesson is to draw on these original and dramatic classical examples to help audience members better understand the distinction between the two forms of government, and — most importantly — to provide audience members with the intellectual ammunition to defend a correct view of the American system of government, which the Founding Fathers deliberately crafted as a republic, and not a democracy.
First, the story of the rise of the Athenian democracy will help students understand the correct definition of the term “democracy”, which is so often misrepresented by modern politicians. The evolution of this government from monarchy to aristocracy to timocracy, and later to tyranny (in the ancient Greek sense) and finally democracy, will illustrate a straightforward progression in the distribution of power. However, the basic failure of the Athenians to repudiate the idea that a government may rightly initiate force against its own citizens is also seen through various important cases, culminating in the infamous trial of Socrates, which so aptly demonstrates the totalitarian potential of unlimited majority rule.
The story of the rise of the Roman Republic provides an excellent contrast to the failure of the Athenian system. In Rome, the repudiation of monarchy was likewise followed by the establishment of an aristocracy. But at this point, the story of Rome’s progress deviated significantly from that of its Greek counterpart. In Rome, a decisively original premise was injected into the political system — the (implicit) political concept of individual rights — leading to the development of institutions that have no parallel in history…until the development of the American government.
The lecture will begin at 10:00 AM, Saturday, January 30, and will be followed by a Northwest Objectivist club social. For details, please contact Northwest Objectivist club leader Rachel Miner at email@example.com.
Objectivist clubs or social groups interested in hosting Mr. Powell’s lecture can contact him at: firstname.lastname@example.org.
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In this Section we have tried to formulate as possible short and clear the essence of our idea of a decent civil society building. Here we offer a summary of all major sections of the New philosophy. This Section is intended for those, who have no time or possibility for a long study of all the Project chapters, who would prefer to see a concise text to have a clear understanding of the proposed model.
Visitors whishing to understand in more detail the New philosophy model are welcome to the Chapter ‘Principles of state political structure’
The basis of New philosophy, i.e. the basis of the proposed society consists in the following: Everyone shall have the right of state government, however not everyone can obtain it, but only those who personally wish to be engaged in it and are eager to study for the purpose. This right should not only be honourable, but it shall grant the person certain advantages over those possessing no such right. A person may lose the right of state government for certain offenses.
The New philosophy is based on understanding that the right of state government, i.e. the right to vote, shall be granted to a person not by the right of succession, neither upon reaching certain age, nor by any other parameters. The whole New philosophy is based on understanding that the society shall apply certain procedure accessible to any person, which would allow him at his own discretion voluntarily, not depending on anybody, to pass a process of education and to pass examinations for the right of state government.
Generally, so far as the citizenship, besides the right to vote, supposes many other things, it would be correct to divide these two categories of people to ‘citizens’ and ‘citizens having the right of state government’. Still, as we talk here about the building a model of a new civil society, and we say that notion ‘Citizen’ should be treated with respect, the New philosophy should style these two categories of people as: ‘resident’ and ‘citizen’.
Principle 1: Resident is any person living in the state. Any resident has the right to obtain civil rights. Citizen is a resident, who has obtained the right of state government.
Principle 1.1: The right to become a citizen shall not to be granted to a person simply on reaching certain age or by the right of succession.
Hereby proposed: any resident of state who has reached lawful age and acquired a special additional education and passed examinations, at least including the disciplines: fundamentals of political science, fundamentals of philosophy, fundamentals of history of the state and the right, fundamentals of jurisprudence, fundamentals of economics, fundamentals of state government, fundamentals of conducting election campaigns, can become a citizen. The second part of examination for citizenship should include an examination for the knowledge of no less than 80 % from the approved list of musical, literature and art works pertaining to the world culture treasury.
No one would insist that tax reduction would always lead to improvement of economic situation, sometimes it is a populist method of coming to power. It means that the person participating in voting should understand the fundamentals of economics, as a minimum. To distinguish, where the voter is offered a primitive PR and where the candidate speaks the naked truth – one should know the fundamentals of conducting election campaigns. If one candidate suggests to construct a Moscow-Kostroma high-speed railway, while another offers a Moscow-Irkutsk project, the citizen should know the geography, in order to have at least a little idea of the country scales and possible construction projects. Similarly, the citizen should have at least a minimum understanding of fundamentals of other sciences required for knowledgeable voting.
The planet history is written in two paths: the first path is a politico-economical history with histories of wars, assassinations, changes of political systems, technical progress, etc. The second part of history makes its culture and art. The person participating in voting, i.e. coming to govern the state, shall understand the value of historical heritage, the significance of museums and theaters.
Principle 2: The citizen should have more rights compared to common residents:
· Only the citizen shall have the right to be elected;
· Only the citizen shall have the right to hold public posts above the defined ones, for example, the head of department. (The system similar to the USSR system, where members of the party only had the right to occupy posts above the defined ones);
· Only the citizen shall have the right to be the head of any public institution (including schools, polyclinics, etc.)
· Irrespective of form of ownership and business type, only the citizen shall have the right to hold office with number of subordinates more than 50 or a post with the right of disposition of money resources more than the defined sum.
· At that, all other rights, such as the right to work, the right of education, the right of defense, the right to medical care, for the resident and the citizen should be absolutely equal.
· As absolutely mandatory there shall be applied a provision stating that the former citizens shall have no additional rights and/or obligations in comparison with a common resident.
Principle 3: Apart from additional rights the citizen shall have additional obligations.
Similar to the state’s obligation of certain functions execution: to provide health care, to protect, the citizen shall participate in the state government, i.e. he shall cast his ballot in elections. For systematic absence at elections, for example, failure to attend 3 of 4 voting procedures successively, the citizen shall be deprived of civil rights with all the consequences that come with it (for example, dismissal from a post). The person may resign his civil rights himself or can be deprived under court decision.
When realized, this principle will provide the percent of active voters close to 100 %, thus possible manipulations of elections will come practically to naught.
Principle 4: The society shall treat obtaining of citizenship as an honourable act, and its deprivation - shameful for a person.
This principle is intended to guarantee the responsibility of person for the civil rights. It should not be simple to deserve the ‘citizen’ rank, to lose it - quite probable, while the respect for the ‘citizen’ notion should be brought up from the very childhood. To raise higher the significance of the ‘citizen’ notion, it is possible to introduce, for example, a norm under which the government can award the person with citizenship to for some special merits.
Principle 5: 5 years after the service termination (in 99 % cases from 100 it is 5 years after retirement) the person should lose civil rights automatically.
For today there’s no such technology, and it is unlikely to appear in the future, which would guarantee a separation of those incapable to think and vote adequately, or who is already got weak owing to the age. Two statements seem to be obvious: 1) human brains work well only being trained permanently; 2) any elderly or not very adequate old person, most likely, will be off pensioned. Therefore we would propose the following: to deprive of civil rights those who has retired 5 years ago, i.e. the working pensioner, who in due time has received citizenship even if he is over 100 years old, for example a high school professor - has the right to vote. A pensioner not working anywhere for 5 years should honourably transfer his right to the young ones.
Obviously, the career-oriented persons will have to obtain citizenship. It means, the percent of citizens in ratio to non-citizens will be high enough - not less than 20 %. As a matter of fact, here we observe a formation of a new supervising layer – a new elite, which will define the development of mankind. These will be the persons of education, mainly of age ranging from 22 to 65, i.e. the most active age. Besides, these people will have good background in culture and art. Since long it is known that for educated and cultural persons the system of values is shifted from monetary priorities towards spiritual ones.
On top of that this model has solved one more fundamental problem: the elite, once formed up, as time goes on always tries to barrier itself from ingress of ‘undesired’ people. As a result, the elite at first ‘is preserved’, and later it degenerates. In the proposed model the elite is a mass of people being constantly replaced, each one of them makes an independent solution on joining the elite, and nobody can prohibit him from that, and in the end of life he leaves the elite automatically.
PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLITICAL STRUCTURE
The basis of society existence is a system of its government. The principle of the civil society structure describes only a small part of the government system. The rest part is a description of the state political structure, i.e. how many branches of government act in the state, their function, their interaction, how people come to the power and how they leave.
Let's formulate the main conditions, the system of state government should observe to avoid further destabilizing of political system and possible collapse of state:
1. A procedure of people coming to the power should be the main, so that only the most experienced, fair, reasonable, decent people certainly possessing the art of government could be promoted step by step to every higher level. In this system it will not be of much importance who personally will reach the top, because in any case there will be the most worthy ones.
2. Every slightest possibility of ‘imperial’ state ruling style shall be eliminated, because sooner or later such possibility always leads to usurpation of power.
Now we will consider the way it can be realized.
First, we will define, how many power branches should there be. 2 branches will not be enough, because there will be a rivalry ‘who’s more powerful’, meanwhile to have 4 or more will be unpractical.
So, there should be 3 power branches: executive, legislative and judicial (since mankind has already come to this optimal scheme), provided they are really independent from each other.
It is reached by three rules:
1. Each branch of power should be elected at all levels.
Heads of executive and judicial authority, as well as the legislative branch of all levels should be approved through a direct general voting. All branches of power should undergo the election procedure, only this will provide their genuine equality.
2. Two branches of power are more powerful than the third one.
That is, for example, if the governor of region has begun activities obviously damaging the regional economy, a joint solution of the judicial panel and the legislative assembly of the region can point out to inadmissibility of such activities, up to decision-making on removal of the governor from his office. The same refers to other branches of power. It will strengthen the equality of branches of power, eliminate the uncontrollability of activity of any branch of power during the elective period and allow us to have one more degree of civil control over the activity of power and its separate representatives. This will actually eliminate any possibility of ‘imperial’ ruling scheme.
3. Transfer from one branch of power to another one without level lowering shall be prohibited.
When working in the State Duma, it will not be possible to leave for the work in the Government of Russia, but only for the work in the Government of a Federal subject. Actually, it is a direct prohibition for merging of powers, and namely this guarantees the independence of branches of power from each other.
Apart from that, additional barriers for elective positions shall be applied:
1. Voting in any branch of power should be held only under personal lists, i.e. only for concrete persons.
People should clearly understand, who they vote for. In no case it will mean the end of parties existence. The fact that a certain person is a member of a certain party should serve him as plus or minus in elections, but in no way this will be a dominating parameter.
2. Climbing a career ladder should be similar to the army system, a higher post can be held only after all the lower positions have been passed.
For every position a list of subordinate posts should be defined, no running in the election would be possible, if such positions have not been passed. People should have a chance to see the results of the person’s work in the previous offices for they could reasonably judge, whether this person could be deputed to a higher office.
3. The election system (2х4) + (2х4) should be applied.
Every citizen should have the right to be elected twice to the same position. It happens, the person is very good in the office and people with pleasure would give him a chance to continue holding a responsible post. Such persons should be given the right to stay in the office once again. For this purpose in the end of the 8-year period a referendum should be held with a question, whether citizens grant him the right to stand for 2 periods once again. If he is granted such a right, he can stand for 2 periods once again. If citizens grant him no such right, it means he is not trusted and should be deprived the right to stand for any elected positions within the next 10-year period. In any case it would be inexpedient to give a chance to hold one position for more than 16 years. After such period the head of office even physically would not be able to introduce something new, let him make way for the young.
4. Only professionals may work in every branch of power.
No one would dispute the fact that the hospital should be run by a medical man, and the school by a teacher. However, for some reason any Tom, Dick or Harry may be elected to the power. The principle: ‘every kitchen maid can rule the state’ shall have to become a thing of the past! Mayors, governors, let alone the President, should have an administrative background, deputies and judges – legal education, as a minimum.
5. In any branch of power, only a person, who had resided in the related territory for no less than 10 years, can become a candidate.
The person going to run for the power should know the territory. This requirement provides no guarantee, but it gives a hope that the candidate would treat the territory with care and reason.
6. Heads of all branches of power of all levels of power shall bear personal responsibility before all related residents for the solutions made and their consequences.
If the published law, or the management of territory, or a concrete court decision was wrong and has led to severe consequences, for example, unfair placement in custody, misuse of funds, or, which is even worse, to armed conflicts, the managers in charge for this solution shall be held responsible to the fullest extent of the law for their consequence, including the financial and criminal ones.
The principle of legislature power formation shall be corrected:
Every legislative body should be elected by two equal-quantitative directions: 1) representatives from the territories falling under the precinct area, 2) representatives of various trades and/or fields of activity of the person under the lists provided by political parties. The list of trades and/or fields of activity of the person, from which the candidates will be elected, shall be approved before the elections by a higher-level legislative assembly. The list of trades of the state supreme legislative body shall be approved by the very supreme legislative body of the state. An open direct personal voting in the related territory shall be held under both lists. One and the same citizen cannot run elections under two lists.
Every resident, citizen, public organization or association should have a possibility of legislative initiative. For this purpose, they should know precisely the deputy they may address their initiative to. That is why a half of the deputies should be elected from one-mandate districts: each person should have a known representative in the legislative branch of power.
Now, let's recollect how the work of legislative body is organized. Laws are adopted at the moment of voting by all legislators simultaneously, but framing of Laws is made in the committees and commissions, which are arranged by a professional principle, for example, the commission on building, ecological committee. It is obvious that legislators should represent as much as possible wide spectrum of trades. What makes us to have in the State Duma 20 bankers, 15 sportsmen and 10 singers? It would be quite enough to have one of every trade.
Therefore, in the main legislative body of the country - in the State Duma all trades should be presented to the maximum. Coming to the lower level of legislature, it is obvious, the number of deputies decreases. For example, there can be only 10 deputies in a district. Then, it is vital to define the most important directions of activity of such municipal entity, and to run election of deputies by these directions. For example, for a small town it may be a representative of township-forming enterprise, a teacher, a doctor, an economist, a road worker. Lists of trades, serving as an election base, should be drawn up in the territory, and be approved by a higher body, for example, the list of trades from a town will be drawn up by the town authorities, and will be adopted at the meeting of the regional Duma.
The method of voting in elections shall be modified, as well:
The form of bulletin should be changed: two graphs AYE and NAY should be placed against each candidate’s name. Every voter shall have the right to vote pro only one candidate and an unlimited number of times against any number of candidates.In case if by result of voting some candidate has got over 40 % of negative votes from the total voters, he shall lose the right to run in election for any position for the next 10 years.
Very often in elections one candidate wins against another with a minimum advantage literally in some percent of votes.
However, if we recollect the presidential elections in Russia 1996, when Yeltsin and Zyuganov competed hard, we will recollect that almost half of the society was against Yeltsin and the other half was against Zyuganov. One may wonder, whether a candidate has the right to hold a high supervising position, if the big percent of population discredit him categorically? I'm afraid not.
Such voting technique would help to eliminate any possible social strain after elections, and would solve the matter of graph ‘Against all candidates’ automatically - it will not be needed, the citizen has the right to tick the box in the graph NAY against each candidate.
This will be a real democracy!
Only persons of education, culture and intellect will take part in the major process of state government - the elections. From their number only the best will acquire the right to stand for elections for responsible posts. And only the most worthy will have the possibility to rise upward.
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This lovely apricot dumplings recipe is from a cookbook written by Eva Oswalt between 1943 and 1945 while she was imprisoned at Ravensbrūck concentration camp.
Eva survived the concentration camp, although most of her family did not survive the war. Eva’s cookbook is now archived at US Holocaust Memorial Museum, and to memorialize Holocaust Remembrance Day I made these. I will continue to make them yearly in Eva’s name.
Eva Oswalt’s Apricot Dumplings
150g potato flour (Note: this is not the same thing as potato starch)
Knead everything together, form a wrapper
Fill with apricots and a piece of sugar and cook in boiling saltwater
Add butter and breadcrumbs on top
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Homeless advocate Guy “Mike” Lee said he will wake up at 4 a.m. on Christmas Day to start cooking dinner for Berkeley’s homeless community.
Lee, who ran for mayor in 2016, is well-known for his activism for homeless rights in Berkeley. He has spent much of his time living on the streets since he moved to Berkeley about 45 years ago at the age of 17. But this September, Lee moved into permanent housing. In his new apartment, Lee hosted Thanksgiving dinner for homeless community members this year, which he said was a way for him to “share my blessings” with people who are still living on the streets.
“I’m fortunate enough to be inside,” Lee said. “I’m truly blessed. … I just want to share my good fortune with other people.”
James Cartmill, a homeless navy veteran who attended Lee’s Thanksgiving dinner, described the difficulties of being on the streets during the holiday season. He said he has spent many birthdays and Christmases outside.
“It is difficult being alone,” Cartmill said. “Just thinking about it, I’ll start crying.”
Lee said he decided to raise money for the upcoming Christmas dinner through GoFundMe so that it could be bigger than the Thanksgiving meal, which he paid for with his personal grocery budget. As of press time, $100 has been raised through the GoFundMe, which Lee estimated will feed more than 100 people.
For the Christmas dinner, Lee and community members from homeless encampments will start baking cookies three days in advance. Lee said they plan to wake up early and spend 12 to 16 hours on Christmas day to cook the dinner, as they did on Thanksgiving. When Lee went to Smart & Final and saw a 40-pound ham, he knew they had to cook it for the dinner.
Lee said any leftover money will be used to purchase tarps and tents to help homeless individuals survive the winter.
“We are going to get people through this winter. I don’t want to see anybody dying on the streets this year,” Lee said.
Homeless community members from five different encampments across Berkeley and North Oakland attended the Thanksgiving dinner. People came in and out of Lee’s apartment all day, taking showers and eating food, according to Lee.
“(My apartment) was like Grand Central Station,” Lee said.
Homeless community member Michelle Lot, who helped cook the Thanksgiving dinner, said it can be “isolating” and “depressing” to be without family or friends during the holidays. She said the meals provide a sense of community and togetherness for the homeless.
South Berkeley encampment resident Rachael Kuebler also attended the Thanksgiving dinner, where she helped peel potatoes and clean dishes. Kuebler said she enjoyed dressing up in nice clothes and feeling welcome. She said holidays have made her sad in past years because they felt just like any other day, as if the holiday never even happened.
“I miss having a place to cook a hot meal,” Kuebler said. “I even miss doing dishes.”
Cartmill said attending Lee’s Thanksgiving dinner revealed the “beauty of humanity” because Lee opened his doors while he is also struggling to survive.
“(The Christmas dinner) will be another fantastic time to open the doors to strangers and let them in and hear their stories and rejoice for a new year and for friendship,” Cartmill said.
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Autistic Spectrum Disorder Assessment
The Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) assessment consists of a combination of observation, narrative and social assessment. The ASD assessment is used by occupational therapists to better understand how the autistic spectrum is impacting upon their school and home life, most notably during social situations. The occupational therapist would observe your child and by noticing how they respond to social stimuli (such as eye contact, facial expressions) calculate if your child has low level or high level functioning child on the autistic spectrum.
The occupational therapist that completes the Autistic Spectrum Disorder assessment will incorporate all aspects of childhood activity from physical difficulties to social/behavioural issues that are currently having a detrimental effect on their ability to perform both in school and at home.
Find out more about…
- Where and how is the Autistic Spectrum Disorder completed?
- What problems are my child experiencing that may be suitable for a children’s Occupational Therapy ASD assessment?
- Conditions the ASD assessment assesses
- What will the paediatric Occupational Therapy ASD assessment assess
- What Information will I receive following an ASD assessment?
- Children’s Occupational Therapy treatment
The ASD assessment is an assessment that can take place at home, in school or at one of our clinics. The ASD assessment is completed by the occupational therapist, using their clinical expertise and training, through a combination of a checklist and observation. The checklist will contain questions relating to how your child perceives the world. For example, does the child find social situations difficult, or prefer to play alone rather than with others.
What problems are my child experiencing that may be suitable for a paediatric Occupational Therapy ASD assessment?
A lot of children will experience difficulties at some point in their development; however certain signs may highlight an underlying condition that may be having a poor influence on development. Some of the difficulties that children on the autistic spectrum experience are:
- Difficulty empathising with other children
- Awkward in social situations
- Does not engage with other children
- Fixated on information or patterns
- Difficulty following conversation
- Appear rude or selfish
- Aware they are different to others
- Good attention to detail but struggles to see the bigger picture
- Difficulty coping with a change of routine/ surroundings
- Struggles with understanding the consequence of their actions
- Over/under active sensory system
- Prefers silence or makes loud noises to calm themselves
- Doesn’t like being touched/ craves overly firm contact (rubs trousers, likes the feel of rough objects)
- Sensitive to light\
- Heightened sense of smell
- Difficulty concentrating on one task in a busy environment
The Autistic Spectrum Disorder Assessment is used to assess if and how your child fits onto the autistic spectrum. The autistic spectrum consists of:
- These two conditions make up the Autistic Spectrum
- Asperger’s syndrome
The occupational therapist will use the ASD assessment to gain a better insight into how the autistic spectrum is affecting your child during day to day life, both at school and at home. This would include a detailed discussion and practical assessment of how the symptoms of ASD are impacting on function, and provide reasons why this could be.
Reasons why and impact on function could include:
- Impact on the school environment
- Impact on the home
- Impact of ASD on function
- Social behavioural implications
Autism can have a profound effect on how your child functions within the school environment, for example, friendships, maintaining concentration, following teacher instructions and avoiding distractions in the classroom. The ASD assessment is a vital tool in the therapist’s tool box providing them with a detailed analysis of how the uniqueness of the autistic spectrum is impacting at school. Giving you insider knowledge of what life at school for your child is really like.
Impact on the home
The occupational therapist will use the assessment tool with you to discuss how the condition is impacting on the home. This could include aspects such as physical/behavioural impacts on the time taken to eat dinner or difficulty in calming down enough for bed. For example, children within the autistic spectrum often struggle understanding commands or tone of voice and facial expressions resulting in enforcing boundaries and set bed times becoming difficult. The occupational therapist would assess how any problems are influencing the dynamics and functional capabilities of the home.
Impact of ASD on function (Physical)
The ASD assessment would also highlight any physical implications on daily function. For example, children within the autistic spectrum could have physical difficulties such as motor planning and execution. The ASD assessment would be used to identify how these difficulties are affecting your child’s ability to complete important occupations (such as getting dressed, running, throwing and catching).
Not only does the ASD assessment consider the implications of ASD on the home, school and its relation to physical function. The ASD assessment also considers how Autism and Asperger’s syndrome are affecting the child’s behaviour, and offers possible explanations as to why the child is behaving as they are (at home, school, social events or with others).
Following an assessment, you can request to receive an ASD report based on the findings of this assessment. This will contain a detailed analysis of the impact the condition is having on your life, a treatment plan and recommendations that will improve your daily living.
Possible Occupational Therapy interventions include:
- Sensory integration
- Clear SMART goals setting
- Therapeutic planning
- Advice and education on managing the symptoms of the autistic spectrum
- Aids and adaptation assessment and advice
- Sensory play therapy
- Concentration games
- Treatment aimed at educating social rules and communication to your child
In summary the ASD assessment is an assessment aimed at identifying if your child is on the autistic spectrum and how the condition is impacting on your child’s ability to complete activities at home, in school or how the autistic spectrum affects the child socially. Following the ASD assessment the occupational therapist will provide interventions aimed at improving function and managing the symptoms of the autistic spectrum.
If you would like a ASD assessment or want to talk about any of the problems above then please email email@example.com or call 0330 223 0888
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