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IFAC FOCUS AREAS
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Independent Standard-Setting Boards
The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board sets high-quality international standards for auditing, assurance, and quality control that strengthen public confidence in the global profession.
The International Accounting Education Standards Board establishes standards, in the area of professional accounting education, that prescribe technical competence and professional skills, values, ethics, and attitudes.
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Accounting firms offer a wide range of professional services to their clients, including audit, review, other assurance, and related services. These services are regulated, with many jurisdictions requiring compliance with international standards or national requirements that have been based on international ones. The type of service delivered depends both on the statutory requirements and what will provide the most value to the client and users of the financial information.
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The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) is responsible for setting international standards for audit, quality control, review, other assurance, and related services. It also facilitates the convergence of international and national standards. The IAASB’s International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) are in use or are in the process of being adopted or incorporated in over 90 countries.
All of its standards are contained in the IAASB Handbook, including:
International Standard on Quality Control 1 (ISQC 1)
ISQC 1 sets out an accounting firm’s responsibilities for its system of quality control and applies to all audits and reviews of financial statements, and other assurance and related services engagements, performed by the firms‘ professional accountants.
100-999 International Standards on Auditing (ISAs)
ISAs are to be applied in the audit of historical financial information.
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ISREs are to be applied in the review of historical financial information.
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ISAEs are to be applied in assurance engagements other than audits or reviews of historical financial information.
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ISRSs are to be applied to compilation engagements, engagements to apply agreed-upon procedures to information, and other related services engagements as specified by the IAASB.
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The application of the ISAs and ISQC 1 is designed to be proportionate to the size and complexity of the entity, as well as that of the accounting practice. The requirements of the ISAs are not prescriptive; they recognize that every audit is not planned and performed in exactly the same way. There is strong emphasis on applying a risk-based approach to every engagement and that professional judgment is needed to determine the relevant procedures, which are tailored to each particular assignment.
The international standards are designed to be applied in conjunction with the core principles of the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA) Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants—integrity, objectivity, professional competence and due care, confidentiality, and ethical behavior. All professional accountants must comply with these principles. For more details, please see the Ethics section of the Gateway.
Consistent implementation of the standards is a critical part of enhancing the quality and uniformity of practice throughout the world, thereby strengthening public confidence in the global auditing and assurance profession. To help ensure consistent implementation, IFAC has facilitated the translation of international standards, including the IAASB Handbook and IESBA Code, into many languages—see the Translations Database.
Resources are available to help professional accountants understand and apply international standards and perform engagements efficiently and effectively. To access a broad range of reports, guidance, and articles that offer implementation support, explore the Resources tab below.
- 2015 Handbook of International Quality Control, Auditing, Review, Other Assurance, and Related Services Pronouncements
December 4, 2015 - International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board
- Guide to Review Engagements
December 10, 2013 - IFAC
- Guide to Using International Standards on Auditing in the Audits of Small- and Medium-Sized Entities, Third Edition
November 9, 2011 - IFAC
- Guide to Quality Control for Small- and Medium-Sized Practices, Third Edition
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What does Studies mean: Statistics is the science and practice of developing knowledge through the use of empirical data indicated in quantitative form. It is based on statistical concept which is really a branch of applied mathematics. Within statistical idea, randomness and uncertainty are modelled by probability theory. Because one aim of data would be to develop the "best" information from available information, a number of authors look at studies a branch of conclusion theory. …
What is Holdem: Texas hold ‘em (or simply hold ‘em or holdem) is the most preferred of the community card poker games. It would be the most common poker variant played in casinos in the western United States, and its nl kind is used in the principal event of the Planet Series of Poker (abbreviated WSOP), widely recognized as the world championship of the game.
Texas hold em entails a hefty dose of data and math. No other poker game draws significantly on statistics to calculate the prospects than Holdem does. Below are some basic steps to help you with your Texas hold em statistics.
Texas holdem Studies – The Ideas Involved
In Texas holdem stats, there are 4 things you should look at – the outs, the pot chances, bet chances, implied odds. All these 4 concepts will allow you to determine your Texas holdem stats and odds of winning.
The outs in Hold em data would be the cards let in the deck. In Texas holdem statistics, the container odds are your odds of raking the pot by computing the present measurement of the pot and your next call. Bet likelihood, on the other hand, in Texas holdem figures would be the percentage you get once you analyze the number of players who call a raise. And implied chances in Hold em statistics are odds that you obtain whenever you assume the outcome of the betting for the remaining hands.
Texas hold em Stats – Outs and Container Chances
The most prevalent Hold em figures terms you might meet and use are outs and pot odds. These two would be the starting point for those who wish to learn far more about Holdem statistics. Calculating your chances can be a uncomplicated case of division. To have your Hold em figures, basically divide the amount of outs you’ve got with the amount of cards left in the deck. The end result would be the Texas holdem stats percentage probability for you to produce one of those outs.
At pre-flop, you will be dividing your outs by 50, forty seven right after the flop, and 46 soon after the turn. This is how you calculate your Texas holdem statistics. So for example, you may have a pocket pair of Jacks but the flop does not show another Jack, to uncover out what your Holdem data and chances of getting a Jack to the turn, you only ought to establish your variety of outs and the volume of cards in the deck. You will discover two far more Jacks of the forty seven cards left in the deck. So your Hold’em data are 2 to 47 or four and a quarter per-cent.
Pot chances in Hold em data is as easy to compute as outs. Just compare your chance of winning to the dimension of the container and you must be able to get your Texas hold em figures for container odds. For instance, you might be wagering a $5/$10 pot with Jack-10 facing one opponent on the turn. Your pocket shows a straight draw from a 2/5/9/Q board and you only have one river card left to see if you’re going to make it. An eight or a King will see you via so your Texas hold’em studies for outs is eight (four 8s and four King Spades left in the deck) and 46 invisible cards. 8 to forty six are your Texas hold’em figures as well as your only opponent bets ten dollars. In the event you wager, you could win 200 dollars and since two hundred dollars (the measurement of the pot) divided by $10 is twenty, you have twenty times a lot more odds of succeeding based on your Texas hold’em statistics. Your Texas hold’em data for pot probabilities say that it isn’t a poor notion to call.
Texas Hold em may be a great deal of fun. Please generally bet on with the intention of having enjoyable and leave the heavy gambling to the pros. Several lives have been destroyed because of addiction to gambling.
Internet based poker is a favorite game with many million die hard followers about the planet. In recent years, some gambling houses have begun putting in video poker machines to pull in those who like competing in internet video-poker. Others favor enjoy poker in the convenience of their houses. The principal benefit of internet based poker games is that they might be enjoyed at any time of the day, according to the bettor’s convenience. On-line poker enables customers to get involved in a number of online poker competitions, like as Texas hold’em Poker, Five Card Stud Poker, omaha hold’em Poker, and Five Card Draw. In internet poker competitions, players can participate with several opponents, seeing as a number of persons could be playing the same tournament at any given point in time.
On-line poker competitions might be enjoyed from the comfort in the bettor’s home. Gamers can take part in these competitions by registering on the internet sites that host them. Typically, you will find staff who arrange and observe these internet poker tournaments. Typically, gamers and staff get together in a private chat room before the commencement of a game. During these internet pre-match get togethers, the organizers brief people about the tournament guidelines and polices.
Internet based poker competitions can also be played cost-free. The primary purpose of offering free internet poker tournaments is to attract men and women for the web sites that organize such competitions. It truly is expected that over a interval of time, a considerable number of beginners on-line gamers who have registered for these tournaments would continue to become long lasting players who take part in the paid competitions.
It is possible to play on-line poker tournaments against a number of poker groups around the world. These web poker competitions are held nearly everyday. Many on-line poker sites offer competitions for various levels of gamers such as new comers, experts, and casual gamers. You can find strict terms and conditions to be followed by gamers participating in these on-line poker games. If these guidelines are breached, the player is usually disqualified. While competing in these tournaments, some websites provide a exclusive chat room. This enables people to discuss and form tactics with other people.
Long-term profits in holdem come from making bets with a beneficial expectation. You only have a positive expectation when your payoff is increased than your risk. Casinos produce money from negative expectation games like roulette. The single number bet in roulette pays off at thirty five to 1, but the odds of succeeding the bet are thirty seven to 1. The difference in between the 37 and the thirty five could be the casino’s profit margin.
You will need a basic understanding of how to calculate container odds even though playing so that you can determine when to play. You really should only bet on a hand once you possess a positive expectation, otherwise you really should fold. Basically you compare the quantity of chips in the pot with your chances of succeeding the container if you come to a decision whether or not or not to wager on a hand.
Suppose there’s one hundred and fifty dollars within a container, and you’re going to be to the flop with four to a flush. An easy method to approximate the odds of hitting the flush would be to take the variety of cards which will produce your palm and multiply that by the quantity of cards that are still heading to be dealt, and multiply that by 2. You’ll find 13 cards inside a go well with and also you have four of them. So you will discover nine cards left. 9 instances a couple of far more cards occasions two per cent equals thirty-six %, or about 1 in three. You’ll win an typical of once every single 3 times and lose the other 2 times. So the container wants to provide you at least two to one for you to call a bet. If someone bets fifty dollars, you stand to win 200 dollars on a 50 dollars bet, which gives you suitable pot odds to call.
This basic idea is important to holdem success. Other concepts to get started thinking about are the odds of your opponent folding if you raise. This will change the pot odds. A rule of thumb is the fact that the fewer opponents, the more likely you will be able to take down an uncontested pot. Another rule of thumb is always that if you possess a drawing side, a major pot, plus a tiny wager to call, then you definitely should call. If the pot’s small, and the bet’s large, then you need to fold.
Idea #Two – Beginning Hands Selection … Posture
Posture is critical when deciding what variety of fists to truly play before the flop. The rule of thumb is which you wager on significantly tighter (have greater starting up hands requirements) in early posture and wager on looser in late position. Your advantage in late posture is that you can see what the other players do prior to you make a decision what to do.
This is actually a simplification, as well as a lot of men and women are not heading to like the way I do it, except I divide starting hands into just three groups. You can find certainly sub-divisions and subteleties in between these groupsbut setting up out, you’re going to be basically looking at just three distinct groups: strong fingers, drawing fists, and unplayable hands.
Strong hands are pairs of 10 or larger, plus AK suited. AA’s and KK’s virtually constantly warrant raising preflop, unless you happen to be in early posture and you’re going to be hoping for someone to raise behind you. AK suited, QQ’s, JJ’s, and 10’s are value raising with if no one else has increase, they’re occasionally price raising with if someone else has raised, and they’re practically generally worth calling with.
Drawing palms are palms that will need to improve on the flop to win. Pairs of 99’s or lower and suited connectors are usually drawing hands, and so are big-little suited. (Big small suited is an ace and one smaller card of the exact same go well with, and it’s a playable palm from time to time because of its flush potential.) Suited connectors are adjacent in rank and of the similar suit, so they have the likely to make a flush or a straight or perhaps even a straight flush. And the smaller pairs go down in value as they obtain lower in rank. They are typically value calling if no one’s raised until you’re going to be in early position, whenever you really should usually fold them. At times pairs of 77’s, 88’s, and 99’s are very good starting hands to bet on strongly with as well, particularly if your opponents are extremely tight and you could win the container proper there without a showdown.
Concept #3 – What to complete around the Flop
"Fit or fold" may be the common wisdom on this subject. You should be in a very excellent posture to decide what to complete to the flop. I’ve generally wagered overpairs and top pairs a small as well strongly, and that works well at a weak table with calling stations, except you have to be extra cautious with much better players. The "average" winning side in Texas hold’em at a showdown is two pairs or better.
If your commencing cards were a drawing hand, you should hit your palm to be able to play it. In case you had pocket 66’s, you genuinely need to hit three of a type to continue playing the side, otherwise you ought to fold. four to an open-ended straight is playable unless of course there is a possible flush draw around the board. four to a flush is usually a good hands to play. Except if you might be betting a tiny pair and there are overcards to the board, you’re possibly going to must receive away from the hand. Hold’em is actually a casino game of great cards.
This is often a incredibly basic introduction to the things you must take into consideration in hold em strategy. You can find tremendous subtleties and complexities beyond this introduction, and entire books are written on strategies for limit, pl, and no limit Hold em. You happen to be encouraged to commence reading them and think about them while you play.
Poker Freerolls are an amazing way to get a taste for net poker and not lose any cash. In brief, a poker freeroll is a tournament without an buyin fee.
Furthermore, poker freerolls are free texas hold’em poker tournaments with cash prizes. Some free tournaments need you to employ "comp points" to take part, or that you’ve in the past deposited money with that particular poker site.
No charge poker tournaments are rapidly becoming the smart web poker gambler’s pick when it comes to winning no charge cash.
The wonder of cyber poker freerolls is that as soon as you join, you are able to participate even before you deposit any money. There are lots of of poker freerolls to choose from. Many of the big name poker rooms have every day poker freerolls so you are able to compete in several every day.
The standard of fellow players varies a lot between the tournaments; a couple of the larger ones have very good players and are hard to win. Internet poker tournaments don’t lure top competitors for the simple fact that the jackpot $$$$ doesn’t make it worth their while to compete for 3 hours.
The origin of poker is the subject of much debate. All claims, and there are many, have been extensively questioned by historians and other experts the world over. That said, among the most credible claims are that poker was devised by the Chinese in close to 900AD, maybe deriving from the Chinese equivalent of dominos. Another theory is that Poker started in Persia as the game ‘as nas’, which engaged five gamblers and essential a special deck of twenty-five-cards with 5 suits. To help support the Chinese claim there is proof that, on New Year’s Eve, 969, the Chinese Emperor Mu-Tsung bet "domino cards" with his wife. This might have been the earliest version of poker.
Cards have tentatively been dated back to Egypt in the twelfth and thirteenth century and still others state that the game originated in India as Ganifa, except there’s little evidence that’s conclusive.
In the U.S. history, the background of poker is significantly greater recognized and recorded. It surfaced in New Orleans, on and around the riverboats that traveled up and down the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. The casino game then spread in different directions across the nation – north, south, east, and west – until it was an established common pastime.
Well-liked Poker Terms and Definitions
Ante: a forced wager; every single player places an equal quantity of money or chips into the pot before the deal starts. In games exactly where the acting croupier changes each and every turn, it is not uncommon for the gamblers to agree that the dealer supplies the ante for every player. This shortens wagering, except causes minor inequities if other players come and go or miss their turn to deal.
Blind or blind wager: a forced wager placed into the pot by one or additional players before the deal begins, inside a way that simulates wagers made during play.
Board: (1) set of community cards in a very neighborhood card game. (Two) The set of face-up cards of a specific player in a stud game. (Three) The set of all face-up cards in a very stud game.
Bring In: Open a round of betting.
Call: match a bet or a raise.Door Card: In a very stud game, a gambler’s very first face-up card. In Hold’em, the door card would be the first visible card of the flop.Fold: Referred to from time to time as ‘the fold’; appears mainly as a verb meaning to discard one’s palm and forfeit interest in the pot. Folding may be indicated verbally or by discarding cards face-down.High-low divided games are those in which the pot is divided between the gambler with the greatest conventional palm, high palm, and the player with the lowest hand. Live Wager: posted by a player underneath conditions that give the alternative to increase even if no other player raises first.
Dwell Cards: In stud poker games, cards which will improve a side that have not been seen among anyone’s upcards. In games this kind of as holdem, a player’s side is said to contain "live" cards if matching either of them on the board would give that gambler the lead over his challenger. Normally used to describe a palm that is weak, but not dominated.
Maniac: Lose and aggressive player; typically a player who bets continuously and plays numerous inferior hands. Nut hands: Often referred to as the nuts, may be the strongest doable hand in the provided situation. The term applies mostly to group card poker games in which the individual holding the strongest probable palm, with the provided board of group cards, has the nut hand.
Rock: incredibly tight gambler who plays really few fingers and only continues to the pot with strong hands.
Split: Divide the pot among two or much more gamblers as opposed to awarding it all to a single player is identified as splitting the pot. You can find many situations through which this occurs, such as ties and in the various games of intentional split-pot poker. Occasionally it is necessary to further split pots; commonly in neighborhood card high-low cut up games this kind of as Omaha Holdem, where one player has the good hand and 2 or far more players have tied very low hands.
Three Pair: A Phenomenon of seven card versions of poker, this kind of as 7 card stud or Hold em, it can be achievable for a gambler to have 3 pairs, although a player can only bet on 2 of them as component of a standard five-card poker hand. This situation may possibly jokingly be referred to as a player having a side of three pair.
Below the Gun: The wagering position to the direct left of the blinds in Texas hold’em or Omaha; act 1st on the first round of betting.
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As the German army invaded Belgium during World War I, a rumor arose among the Allied Powers that German soldiers had brutally mutilated a Belgian baby. Many people had claimed to have seen the baby, the press reported the event as fact, and it soon became conventional wisdom.
Historians now recognize this “event” as mythological.
There is no solid or reliable evidence that there ever was such a baby, but it was a horrendous story that everybody who was already opposed to the Central Powers seemed to want to believe. This is a prime example of a phenomenon seen elsewhere: if a belief fits into a framework or narrative that is strongly held about an emotionally-charged issue, this belief takes on a very sophisticated life of its own.
Sadly, this kind of misinformation has sometimes occurred with regard to suicide, a sensitive area that merits our tireless attention, careful analyses, and continued intervention efforts.
On occasion, the nexus of interrelated beliefs regarding LGBT+ suicides among members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints have been publicly mistreated or exaggerated.
Certainly, unlike the Belgian case, there are many instances of LGBT+ Latter-day Saints who have tragically taken their own lives. Every suicide is a loss that we should mourn and seek to prevent in the future.
The complexity of the full picture of suicide is an important starting place for productive public discussion. Mental health experts in partnership with GLAAD—an LGBT+ advocacy group—advise against linking “a specific policy (or its absence)” to suicide or suicide prevention. They further advise against normalizing “suicide by presenting it as the logical consequence of the kinds of bullying, rejection, discrimination, and exclusion that LGBT+ people often experience.”
Making hasty assumptions about those causes, even when based on comments from family or friends or media reports, can result in statements that are later proven to be inaccurate.
All communities—including and especially communities of faith—can and should do more to intervene to help those who are experiencing signs of suicidality. Christians generally, and members of the Church of Jesus Christ specifically, must be at the forefront of expressing and communicating compassion and comfort, and extending genuine fellowship to those who may feel on the margins or who are experiencing acute emotions, depression, or feelings of isolation.
But, rather than acknowledging the value of support in faith communities, it’s become common in recent years to hear people asserting that research proves religion itself is driving some of the suicide trends. As a researcher with years of work in this area, let me be clear: The claim sometimes made that there is an established massive suicide phenomenon among LGBT+ Latter-day Saints directly attributable to Latter-day Saint theology—or policies—is not supported by current data and scholarly research.
Again, as mental health experts in partnership with GLAAD observe: “The underlying causes of most suicide deaths are complex and not always immediately obvious. Making hasty assumptions about those causes, even when based on comments from family or friends or media reports, can result in statements that are later proven to be inaccurate.”
It’s difficult to rigorously test claims regarding suicide causality to peer-reviewed standards. But people may be surprised how little evidence there is for related side-claims such as, in the words of one celebrity, Utah has experienced a surge in suicide “because of the shame (LGBT+ teenagers) feel from the Mormon Church.”
Lamentably, these beliefs have sometimes taken on a life of their own, regardless.
I have spoken to sophisticated, intelligent colleagues in the social sciences who take the theology-suicide correlation as a fact, even when confronted with conflicting information—including objective, official numbers that do not provide any evidence for the claim.
Highly visible groups or individuals trying to use suicide numbers to pressure the Church into changing its theology sometimes report shadowy statistics that show suicide rates many times higher than can be confirmed by the official numbers. Finally, the blogosphere and non-peer-reviewed academic articles give voice to individuals trying to tie various statistics—some more reliable than others—together in an attempt to provide support for the narrative that decisions coming from Salt Lake are responsible for the deaths of large numbers of LGBT+ members.
Not only is this information often inaccurate, but it goes against GLAAD’s own guidelines, and may in fact do more harm than good for some LGBT+ people.
While there are genuine and understandable emotions and mourning that surround suicide and suicidality in the LGBT+ community and well-beyond, sometimes among advocates there is a self-admitted agenda involved: use suicides to force the Church into a corner in regards to its heteronormative theology of Heavenly Mother and Heavenly Father.
Those that weaponize this tragedy usually imply that there’s something particular about Utah relative to the background stressors that sexual minorities feel in the United States, and there is simply no strong social scientific evidence for that.
If, for instance, it can be empirically established that the Church’s theology on this matter is “causing” LGBT+ deaths, then, the argument runs, the Church will have no choice but to change its teachings on marriage. I will leave it to the theologians and philosophers to discuss the validity of this reasoning, but this effort is misguided on social science grounds.
The social sciences as a whole have, for the most part, shied away from trying to establish firm causal connections between religion-specific theological beliefs and different social and personal outcomes. There are a couple of good reasons for this. One is the conflation between theology, norms, and culture.
Even if a study using panel data and fixed-effects were to establish that LGBT+ suicide rates were higher in county subdivisions with high Latter-day Saint populations, or a longitudinal, large-N, case-controlled study of randomly selected LGBT+ Latter-day Saints showed higher suicide rates for those who stayed in the Church (the studies so far have not even started to approach this level of rigor), it would still be an open question whether the effect was from the theology per se, or from some social or cultural elements within the religious community.
Defining and operationalizing theological beliefs is inherently difficult. Would it be the theology itself, or a particular emphasis or tone in the theology?
As the history of religion has shown, people can read rather simple statements of belief in drastically different ways. Trying to stick theological beliefs into survey questions requires trying to stuff the nuance of a graduate theology seminar into an instrument designed to also reach high school dropouts.
This is not to say that there cannot be studies that suggestively indicate a certain trend one way or another—my own published research has sought to do some of this. But, until we can randomly assign people different beliefs and follow them forward to measure their later outcomes, any attempt to rigorously connect a theological belief to a particular outcome is tenuous at best. I for one am not holding my breath that a slam-dunk, peer-reviewed, gold-standard paper definitively connecting the Church’s heteronormative position on families to higher suicide rates of its LGBT+ members is anywhere on the horizon. People trying to pressure the Church to change will have to look elsewhere for their rhetorical tactics.
However, as mentioned above, there are many side-issues that, while not directly addressing this theology-LGBT+ suicide connection, are somewhat related even if these claims, by themselves, do not provide reliable evidence for the theology-LGBT+ suicide narrative. For example, is there an LGBT+ suicide crisis in Utah? Are Latter-day Saint LGBT+ individuals more suicidal than their secular counterparts? Is there a relationship between Latter-day Saint orthodoxy among LGBT+ members and mental health? With statistical rumor and innuendo flying around this issue, it is difficult to get a handle on what statistics have grounds and which ones do not.
For example, Utah’s higher than average suicide rate is often tied into a broader explanatory narrative that the higher rates are directly attributable to LGBT+ Latter-day Saint youth being rejected by their parents. While it is true that Utah has a higher-than-average suicide rate (along with virtually every other state in the region), and that LGBT+ individuals are at a higher risk for suicidality, no study has actually tested whether the rates of LGBT+ suicide in Utah are statistically significantly higher than those in the surrounding, comparative states.
There are good reasons for this, as this statistic would be very difficult to come by, as the denominator (the total LGBT+ population) is likely a “grey” figure (difficult to accurately calculate) in an intensely conservative state like Utah. Therefore, there is not sufficient evidence to warrant the claim that there is an LGBT+ suicide epidemic in Utah.
There is a suicide epidemic, and given that LGBT+ individuals are at higher risk for suicide in the general population we can assume that, all things being equal, LGBT+ suicides are a significant part of the picture of the Utah crisis, but those that weaponize this tragedy usually imply that there’s something particular about Utah relative to the background stressors that sexual minorities feel in the United States, and there is simply no strong social scientific evidence for that.
Finally, there is also an additional claim tacked onto this narrative that makes absolutely no sense: that the increase in suicides in Utah is due to the Church’s stances. However, if LGBT+ youth are committing suicide because of heteronormative decisions coming out of Salt Lake City, then we would expect fewer suicides as the Church has made a number of changes to help better minister to those who experience same-sex attraction or who identify as LGBT+—changes that some have argued reflect a liberalizing on these issues. This is especially true for the very particular claim that the Church’s November policy was responsible for heightened suicides in Utah, as the state of Utah saw a decrease after the policy rollout. (See here and here.)
If you are contributing to the narrative that the only orthodox Latter-day Saint LGBT+ is a dead one, then you may in fact be hurting Latter-day Saint LGBT+ youth.
On the question of whether religiosity among LGBT+ Latter-day Saints fuels mental health problems that may lead to suicide, the fact is that the literature on religiosity and LGBT+ mental health is complex. Generally, religiosity (both as a social behavior and worldview) is associated with a wide range of mental health benefits, but LGBT+ individuals ensconced in conservative religious traditions often experience discrimination and other stressful experiences, so the interactions and countervailences of these two forces play out in ways that reflect the nuanced, multifaceted theological views of the LGBT+ religionists themselves. What we know is that there is no clear, one-line takeaway that would prove empirically how an LGBT+ religionist should live their life in order to maximize their mental health.
One can cherry-pick some studies to try to make a case that orthodox Mormonism is absolute poison for LGBT+ individuals. For example, John Dehlin’s dissertation research has tried to make the point that orthodox LGBT+ Latter-day Saints are consigning themselves to a life of misery. However, most studies show a more textured picture, with practicing Latter-day Saint LGBT+ individuals scoring higher on some measures and lower on others. More to the point, the extent to which particular, fundamentally heteronormative theological beliefs such as the existence of Heavenly Mother directly influence LGBT+ mental health is untested and will probably remain so given the complexities mentioned above.
As an example of the nuance in this area, my own work—the only research on the subject based on a large-N random sample (i.e. not based on people recruiting others through social media or referrals from others—which has the potential to tap into a particular, skewed pool) has actually shown that Latter-day Saint LGBs in Utah are mentally healthier than non-Latter-day-Saint LGBs.
Now, it is likely that there is a selection bias at play, with LGBs for whom Mormonism works staying while others leave, but that only serves to confirm the complexity of the issue. Ideologues too often swoop in where careful scholars fear to tread, and, in contrast to researchers that are sure to qualify or hedge their conclusions until we have the clear confirmation, others take the barest threads of circumstantial evidence to push a grand narrative.
This would normally be benign—people can believe what they want to believe—but the fact is that those pushing a narrative of mass suicidality among LGBT+ youth are themselves risking suicide contagion in order to win rhetorical points (this point, meant for the population in general, has actually been made by Rick Savin-Williams, the father of gay youth health research). Belief in LGBT+ Mormon suicide pandemic in the absence of good social science evidence may actually contribute to the troubling phenomenon of heightened suicidality among the LGBT+ population by normalizing suicide rather than resiliency, hope, and life.
Is the Church and its practices and theology responsible, or is it the belief in the narrative itself? If you keep pushing the idea that all gay Latter-day Saints are depressed and suicidal, then those who are most vulnerable to that narrative may start to believe you. If you are contributing to the narrative that the only orthodox Latter-day Saint LGBT+ is a dead one, then you may in fact be hurting Latter-day Saint LGBT+ youth.
The parents who will not speak to their child because the child is gay are just as sad and hurtful as the gay child who will not speak to her parents because they believe that exaltation involves the eternal union of a male and female pair. Scorched earth theological-cultural warfare is not going to help matters. More than ever, we need a deep understanding of well-regarded social science and empirical research, coupled with a respectful, nuanced appreciation of where people stand, and mutual respect and willingness to help loved ones who may be on different sides of these complex questions. | <urn:uuid:f870890f-2265-41ee-b4b5-0b7342acca05> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://publicsquaremag.org/sexuality-family/is-latter-day-saint-theology-responsible-for-lgbt-suicides/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.961329 | 2,909 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Q: You recently answered a question about a rental property owner deciding whether to refinance into a 15-year vs. a 30-year loan. I bought my house in 1976 for $70,000 with a 30-year loan where the mortgage payment was $410 per month. At some point, I started paying an extra $410 per month on the principal balance, and ended up paying off the loan in 20 years.
Is that a reasonable option instead of refinancing the rental as discussed in the column? It’s not clear from the question whether the lender would allow pre-paying extra on the principal or not. Do lenders sometimes not allow prepayments?
A: Today’s mortgages typically don’t come with pre-payment penalties, and this is true for all Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and FHA loans. These mortgages, which are government-backed and are used to finance owner-occupied and investment property up to four units (per property), allow you to pay off your loan at any time without a financial penalty.
Commercial and investment property will sometimes carry prepayment penalties, which might be a percentage of the total loan amount, not just the amount that is paid off. Should you pay off the mortgage (or pay down a larger-than permitted portion of the loan) within the penalty period, you would be assessed a fee as specified in the loan documents.
Prepayment penalties on residential properties were popular more than a decade ago, when interest rates were substantially higher than they are. Back then, borrowers happily agreed to a prepayment penalty in exchange for a small break on the interest rate. No one imagined that interest rates even for investment properties would fall to historic lows, and then stay there. The steep decline in mortgage interest rates has made adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) a better long-term bet than fixed-rate loans and prepayment penalties have become unused products.
They have also given a black eye to lenders who used them to lock in folks with perfectly good credit to less than optimal loans. For that reason, many mortgage lenders have simply done away with loan products that feature prepayment penalties.
Which goes back to your original question: Do lenders allow prepaying the loan balance? Usually they do, without a fee. The way you paid off your loan is a great example of how even a little extra cash thrown at the principal balance can save you years of payments. | <urn:uuid:e3869ea8-b959-4df0-90d6-fc4514afb2dd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thinkglink.com/2013/04/27/prepayment-penalty-lenders-mortgage-prepayment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00512-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966448 | 497 | 1.625 | 2 |
How to Budget by Paycheck
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There a ton of ways to budget out there. You need to take the time and figure out what works for you. It’s going to take time, but once you find a system that works for you, you’re going to be so much happier.
For the most part, a budget just needs to track your income and expenses. As long as it does those things, it works! Don’t be afraid to find your own system that works.
The reason this works for me is because it allows me to put a name on every single dollar. Every dollar that comes in, goes out by the end of the month. This has been especially helpful during my debt payoff of $201k. My zero based budget has absolutely been a major part of me paying off $127k in 3 and a half years.
When I first started budgeting, I tried to budget by paycheck. It didn’t ultimately work for me, but I know so many people that it has helped!
This is how I did it. It is great for people that are struggling to start or are having a hard time figuring out an entire month. I think this is a great first step to ultimately getting to a month ahead with budgeting.
1. Map out your pay schedule and how much you’ll get paid in each paycheck.
If you’re on a salary, this is relatively easy. Find out your pay schedule and then how much you’ll make. If you’re on a variable income, this will be a little bit trickier.
Whenever you’re on a variable income, you need to be prepared for lower months. I always recommend people on a variable income to either have a sinking fund for this, or a larger emergency fund. Honestly, I would use a sinking fund.
What this means is that in higher income months, you throw extra money into your sinking fund to be used during lower income months. I do this currently for my summer months. In my current school district, I am paid 10 months of the year. I add to my summer sinking fund every month that I am paid my salary to be used throughout the summer.
2. Make a list of your bills and due dates for a month.
My recommendation is to list out all of your bills and due dates. Even if all of your bills are due at the end of the month, you can still use your first check to pay them. My suggestion would be to evenly spread your monthly bills across your paychecks in a month.
For example, if you get 2 paychecks a month, you can spread all your bills across those two paychecks. You just will pay some bills very early and some bills may be paid just before the due date. It’s just important to pay them a few days before they are due.
3. Make a list of your variable expenses.
This would be anything that varies or can be changed. These are things like gas or groceries. Once you have these expenses listed, you need to figure out how much you’ll need per paycheck.
For example, if you’re paid every 2 weeks, you need to figure out how much gas money you’ll need for 2 weeks. I personally give myself a bit extra for my gas and groceries. The reason I do this is because I’m now at a point where I spend minimally and am naturally frugal.
By having a bit extra in these two funds, it means that I will usually come in under budget. This also means that I’m usually not over budget. When I get paid again, anything extra from that budget gets put towards my financial goals. I replenish my emergency fund and sinking funds, if needed, and then everything goes to debt.
4. Create your budget for 1 paycheck.
Once you have your income figured out and your expenses, you can put it into a budget. I personally use a spreadsheet to track my income and expenses. For me, zero based budgets always work best for me. I would still do this for a paycheck budget.
The reason why I love the zero based budget so much is because by the end of the budget period, all of my money is dealt with. None of my money just sits in my checking account. By the end of the budgeting period, it all has a new job.
This doesn’t mean I spend all of my money, it means it all has a job. This could mean going to savings, or going to paying down debt.
5. Implement your budget and track your expenses.
Just writing out your budget is a great first step, but you need to actually track your expenses throughout the budget period. This means tracking all of your expenses and updating your budget throughout the period.
You can do this daily, or less frequently. If you’re just starting, I recommend doing it daily. This allows you to check in with yourself and see how you are doing with your budget.
When you check in, you can also see if you need to make any adjustments to your spending in your variable expenses. If you’re getting close to your grocery budget, you may need to see how you can stretch what you have for the rest of the budgeting period.
6. Zero out your budget when you get your next paycheck.
WOOO! You made it through your first budget by paycheck, this is so exciting! The game changer will be what you do once that budget is done. Everyone needs to check in on their budget at the end of the budgeting period. Even when you budget for years.
The reason this is so important is because you may have gone over budget, or gone under budget. If you’re over budget, you need to figure out how you’re going to deal with getting that money. If you’re under budget you need to figure out what you’re going to do with that money.
Some people roll over the extra money, some pay off debt, some add it to savings. It all depends on what your current goals are.
Figure out the system that works best for you.
Every person will have a different budgeting system. You need to figure out what works for you. It’s so important to budget in order to reach your goals. Take the time to find a system that helps you to reach your goals. Do you budget by paycheck? | <urn:uuid:4f5fa4db-ba72-4ead-adc0-3b6cbf528c73> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dianaonadime.com/2019/05/22/how-to-budget-by-paycheck-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.960749 | 1,361 | 1.742188 | 2 |
A Baltimore City Circuit Court jury has awarded more than $2 million to a teenager who suffered permanent brain damage after being exposed to lead paint as a baby.
The award for Daquantay Robinson includes more than $818,000 in noneconomic damages that will be capped at $545,000 under Maryland law.
The jury returned its verdict Friday following three-and-a-half hours of deliberation at the end of a week-long trial before Judge Alfred Nance.
Robinson suffered lead-paint poisoning while living with his mother and grandmother in the 1600 block of 25th Street from his birth in 1997 until 2001, according to the complaint. Elevated levels of lead were found in his blood after tests in December 1997 and May 1998, the complaint said.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control, at the time, considered a blood-lead level above 10 to be cause for concern; Robinson’s levels ranged between 12 and 14, according to the complaint, filed in November 2012. (As of July 2012, the CDC changed the level for children. It now says there is no safe level for lead exposure in children, and considers a blood-lead level of 5 to indicate that a child requires case management.)
Robinson’s mother and grandmother testified during the trial that there was flaking and chipping paint in the house, and environmental testing in 2013 found nine surfaces that had been painted with lead-based paint, according to Bruce H. Powell, a lawyer for the plaintiffs. Photographs and other evidence showed the house underwent “extensive renovations” since the plaintiff’s family moved out, according to Powell, with The Law Offices of Peter T. Nicholl in Baltimore.
The property was owned by the Dackman Co. and managed by Jacob Dackman & Sons LLC. Frank F. Daily of The Law Offices of Frank F. Daily P.A. in Hunt Valley, a lawyer for the defendants, declined to comment.
A medical expert testified Robinson, now a high school junior, lost several IQ points and has learning disabilities and behavior problems as a result of the lead-paint poisoning, Powell said after the verdict. The lawyer also credited the testimony of Robinson’s grandmother, Sandra Moses, as helping to sway the jury of four men and two women.
Moses told jurors she called her landlord after noticing the deteriorating paint and was told she should have called about that before she moved in, according to Powell.
“There was this sort of uncaring attitude,” Powell said.
DAQUANTAY ROBINSON V. ELLIOT DACKMAN, ET AL.
Baltimore City Circuit Court
Verdict for $2,088,550 — $1,270,000 in economic damages, $818,330 in noneconomic damages, capped at $545,000.
Incident: 1997 through 2001
Suit filed: Nov. 28, 2012
Verdict: Sept. 19, 2014
Bruce H. Powell and Joseph T. Spicer of The Law Offices of Peter T. Nicholl in Baltimore
Frank F. Daily and Kimberly B. Gordon of The Law Offices of Frank F. Daily P.A. in Hunt Valley | <urn:uuid:9ccafe71-02c3-471e-95d0-30f60185f177> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thedailyrecord.com/2014/09/22/jury-awards-2m-in-lead-paint-case/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.963496 | 725 | 1.5 | 2 |
Gaining Traction: Locker vs. LSD vs. Spool
Traction is the name of the game in off-road and just as there are many types of differentials, there are ways to make both axles lock up. You hear these terms all the time: LSD, Locker, Spool, Detroit Locker, and more. Well, in this article we’ll take a brief moment to explain the different types of differential locking options there are in the clutch-type LSD, locker, and spool.
Your OEM differential is known as an “open” differential, and it is designed to allow the outside wheel to travel farther than the inside, so you can make your turn. It does so with the spider gears located inside the carrier, and allows the wheel on the outside of the turn to move faster. The problem is that when you’re off-roading, your tire with less traction will be allowed to spin thanks to that same design. How do you fix that? One popular and easy way is to replace the spider gears with a locker setup.
There are several companies that create a locker style and they will either operate like the original Detroit Locker or a variation of it. However, they all work on a similar principal. On forward driving, the teeth inside the assembly will drive both wheels at the same speed. When turning, the teeth or ramps will allow the outside wheel to over-speed, and a spring will return the differential to lock after wheel speeds equalize. Take a look below to see how an Eaton Detroit Locker works and how a Richmond Gear Lock-Right takes a different spin on this action.
Clutch-type LSDs, on the other hand, utilize clutch packs to limit the slip between the tires. On certain types of clutch-type LSDs, you won’t see the center pin attached to the differential case. Instead, the center pin rides inside the ramp assemblies where the spider gears are located. In Auburn and Trac-Lok differentials, the center pin still does attach to the differential case. There is a spring inside the LSD; however, it only acts as a preload.
Another difference is how the lock-up action occurs. Instead of being either locked or unlocked, but not in between, a clutch-type LSD can put pressure on the clutches to increase the breakaway torque required, and allow slip when that happens. The clutch-type LSD can also provide a lock-up during deceleration. This is done by the ramp assembly and how it interacts with the center pin. That design can make an LSD act as a one-way, 1.5-way, or two-way. A one-way LSD will only lock on acceleration and will be open on deceleration because the center pin will be flat along with the deceleration side of the carrier. A 1.5-way LSD will have a wider ramp on the deceleration side to provide some lock-up during deceleration. A two-way will provide lock-up on acceleration and deceleration with equal force as both ramps are the same shape.
Check out these videos on the clutch-type LSD:
How LSDs work
One-Way, Two-Way, 1.5-Way Explained
Finally we have the simplest of them all: the spool. The spool is a solid piece of metal designed to attach to your ring gear and makes your axles spin at the same speeds all the time. It’s usually made of a solid piece of billet steel, but lighter-weight versions do exist. Of course, with your wheels locked all the time, getting around corners will be either an exercise of drift, or an exercise in finding out how bad of a driver you really are. However, if your Jeep sees nothing but loose sand, snow, or never really goes on-road, a spool is an inexpensive investment over the locker and LSD. | <urn:uuid:acda0b6c-2b0e-487a-9b71-ce5c3fd59b76> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jk-forum.com/articles/gaining-traction-locker-vs-lsd-vs-spool-differential/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00019-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94241 | 818 | 1.625 | 2 |
Since it was founded in 1837, Austin has been a destination for travelers from Texas and beyond. In the early 19th century, the city was being constructed to accommodate the Texas seat of government, and the need to house guests visiting the newly minted Capital City was becoming apparent. While city legend has long given the historic Driskill Hotel, built in 1888, the designation as the first hotel in Austin, it is actually the Bullock House Hotel that can claim that crown.
If you're planning a trip to Capital City, these historic hotels offer a marvelous trip down memory lane, not to mention a terrific road trip from Houston.
The Driskill Hotel
The city of Austin was officially incorporated in 1839 and became the capital of Texas in 1846. In 1886, Colonel Jesse Driskill, a wealthy cattle baron, built the Driskill Hotel on an empty lot he purchased for $7,500. After spending $400,000 on construction, the Driskill was complete, and local newspaper headlines deemed it "one of the finest hotels in the country."
The Driskill, often referred to as "The Grand Dame," was meant to rival luxurious hotels in New York City, Chicago, St. Louis, and San Francisco. Decades later, an annex was added to the original hotel at Brazos and Pecan streets (later renamed Sixth Street), and today it features 189 guest rooms, two restaurants, a popular bar and live music area, and even a bank vault that was part of the original hotel. The Driskill was a favorite date spot for President Lyndon Johnson and his wife, Lady Bird, and the hotel has hosted innumerable election night parties for Texas politicians. The Driskill is also the oldest hotel in Austin still operating today and remains a highly popular destination for locals and tourists alike.
Although Hotel Ella is a relative newcomer to the Austin boutique hotel scene, the grand home has been in existence since 1898. Hotel Ella, or the Goodall Wooten home, sits on the southern edge of the University of Texas campus at 1900 Rio Grande St. The home was originally purchased by Dr. Thomas Wooten, one of the original founders of UT, and a few years later, Wooten offered his wife, Ella, the chance to take a trip around the world or have renovations made to their home. Wisely, she chose both.
The home is an exquisite example of a Greek Revival-style mansion, and throughout the decades the home has been a student housing site, a chemical dependency center, a boutique hotel name Mansion at Judges Hill, and finally, after a complete revamp, Hotel Ella opened in 2013. The hotel hosts weddings, university functions, local gatherings, and a number of charitable and social events. There are 47 guest rooms, a courtyard area with a pool, fine dining restaurant, historic bar filled with artwork, and huge wraparound porch for guests to sit on rocking chairs and sip iced tea and mint juleps.
Hotel San Jose, Austin Motel, and Hotel Saint Cecilia
Native Texan and hip hotelier Liz Lambert attended law school at UT, moved to Manhattan to work as a prosecutor, then a few years later returned to Austin — and we are fortunate she did. Lambert was always interested in design, and serendipity struck one night when she was at the Continental Club and spied the seedy San Jose Hotel, originally built in 1936, just across South Congress Avenue. Lambert bought the San Jose and remodeled the hotel to create an urban bungalow vibe.
In 2006, Lambert formed Bunkhouse Group, which now operates Jo's Coffee; Fair Market; Hotel San Jose; Austin Motel (also on South Congress, the motel opened in 1938); and Hotel Saint Cecilia (named after the patron saint of music, the Miller-Crockett house was originally built in 1888 at 112 Academy Dr., just a block off South Congress). In addition to the Austin properties, Lambert and company also have hotels in Mexico, Marfa, San Francisco, and San Antonio.
Along with a few other eager Austinites, Bunkhouse has helped revitalize South Congress from a vice-filled street to a burgeoning strip filled with musicians, tourists, vintage shoppers, and others wanting to experience Austin's unique culture. Lambert's hotels are filled with nostalgic touches like vibrating beds, neon signs, retro swimming pools, vinyl records, music posters, handmade furniture, and kimono bathrobes.
The newly opened Fairmont Hotel, adjacent to the Austin Convention Center, is now the largest hotel in Austin. Not only is it the largest in the city, but the Fairmont Austin is also the largest hotel of the Fairmont brand in the U.S., and the company's second largest hotel in the world. The towering high-rise at 101 Red River St. is 37 floors with 1,048 guest rooms, a spa, multiple restaurant options, two bars, and a huge pool overlooking the city.
From the early hotel days featuring roving pigs to today's modern skyscrapers, Austin has seen a dramatic change. What has not changed, however, is Austin's reputation as a welcoming destination that appeals to a spectrum of visitors. | <urn:uuid:bffbe9fa-525b-40ec-96ec-e8175d67133c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://houston.culturemap.com/news/travel/06-12-18-austin-famous-hotels-driskill-bullock-hotel-ella-houston-travel/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.956432 | 1,084 | 2.125 | 2 |
Organic Social Focus Allocation — YouTube & Facebook: The Top 10 kids content creators in the world (ranked by views) have, on average, 94% of their total audience on YouTube. YouTube remains a strong leader amongst viewers between the ages of 3 to 18 with 64% spending over 30 minutes a day on the platform. US parents with kids under 11 years old like YouTube because it keeps their children entertained, helps them to learn new things, and exposes them to different cultures. Second to YouTube is Facebook with most competitors using the platform to spread awareness around new videos, initiatives, and spur community engagement. While Youtube & Facebook maybe be “crowded,” there is still opportunity for those with a differentiated product to build an audience.
Organic Social — Facebook Has Low Engagement: Despite Facebook being the second largest platform by audience for kids content creators, the average engagement is low at 1.4%. When creating an organic social strategy, keep in mind that engagement on Facebook is low, therefore you may want to consider focusing your efforts on YouTube or TikTok, which has shown to have higher than average engagement rates.
Organic Social Focus Allocation — Opportunities on TikTok & Spotify: With a high audience concentration on Youtube, creators have branched out to other platforms to continue building their audience and driving awareness around their content. TikTok and Spotify have emerged as new platforms for kids content creators to expand their reach. TikTok presents the opportunity to post shorter clips of their Youtube content and connect with the growing number of 3-18 year olds on the platform. Spotify allows creators to build a community focused on the music side of their content which allows for different use cases (e.g., singing along in the car) not easily found with their video content.
Spotify Tactic — Regional Specific Content: Little Baby Bum has eight different spotify channels to support international audiences. They produce nursery rhyme soundtracks in English, Japanese, Portuguese, Italian, Spanish, German, French, and Polish. Localize your content to reach international audiences.
Looking at the Top 10 kids content creators in the world (ranked by views), their combined audience on YouTube is 18 times larger than all other platforms combined.
Compared to other video content providers, YouTube remains a strong leader amongst viewers between the ages of 3 to 18.
US parents like YouTube because it keeps their children (under 11 years old) entertained, helps them to learn new things, and exposes them to different cultures.
On average, 94% of the top 10 kids content creators’ social audience is concentrated on YouTube.
With such a large audience concentration on YouTube, creators have branched out to other platforms to expand their reach. Facebook is the second largest platform by audience for the majority of creators. While those tapping into new platforms, like TikTok, benefit from low competition.
Despite Facebook being the second largest platform by audience for kids content creators, the average engagement rates are low (1.4%) with most competitors using the platform to spread awareness around new videos, initiatives, and spur community engagement.
Outside of Youtube & Facebook, TikTok and Spotify have emerged as platforms with large growth potential for kids content creators.
Despite TikTok’s drastic growth in popularity in 2020, competition is still relatively low for kids content creators.
TikTok is the only other social media platform, other than YouTube, in the Top 10 most popular entertainment platforms among kids under 5 (according to parents in the US as of Aug. 2020).
TikTok’s penetration is also steadily growing among 3-18 years olds.
Creators who have tapped into this growing channel have enjoyed a high number of views and higher than average engagement rates.
Competitors post short clips from their YouTube videos on TikTok and include a link to their YouTube channel in their bio to drive awareness and traffic (not all are vertically optimizing).
Creators whose main focus is nursery rhymes have focused on expanding their reach through audio platforms such as Spotify.
Nursery rhyme creators on Spotify saw significant follower growth in 2020, with an average increase of +415%, while CoComelon skyrocketed from 5K to 60K monthly followers (+1,148%).
Audio platforms have growth potential as 17% of 3-12 years old in the UK own their own smart speaker and 14% use voice to control their devices.
PinkFong listenership is significantly higher than othervnursery rhyme creators, which is most likely attributed to their hit song “Baby Shark” (currently at ~267M plays).
El Reino Infantil has one of the highest listeners retention rates (what percent of monthly listeners turn into followers) and a steadily growing number of monthly listeners.
Cocomelon has seen the highest growth in their channel following, jumping from 5k to 60k during 2020. Similar growth is seen in their number of monthly listeners, from 40K to +700K in 2020.
Little Baby Bum has a high listeners retention rate (similar to El Reino Infantil) and saw a +60% increase in monthly listeners in 2020.
Unlike other nursery rhyme channels, Little Baby Bum maintains numerous channels in different languages to tailor their music to multiple audiences.
ChuChuTV doubled its followers in 2020 and retained stable listenership with slight increase in monthly listener growth.
The main channel outside of YouTube for kid vloggers is Instagram where they receive slightly above average engagement.
Kid vloggers use Instagram as an outlet to share photos and live updates via stories, as well as share brand collaboration content.
Vlad and Niki, who star together on YouTube, have their own separate Instagram accounts. Both are run by their parents who mainly post photo content, with both accounts growing at a steady rate.
Many nursery rhyme competitors also use Instagram to build their audience outside of YouTube & drive awareness around new content.
Kids content creators also use their organic social to drive awareness around their apps. 9 out of the top 10 kids content creators have ventured into branded apps and games.
Apps are a great tool to provide value to and engage with the target audience, as two-thirds of 3-5 year olds have their own tablet to watch videos and play games.
Pinkfong is leading the app space with almost 2M downloads to date and over 12K daily active users. | <urn:uuid:3f47e1f1-2c3d-4a7d-ad9e-b2bfee173f81> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rightmetric.co/insight-library/pro-members-how-the-top-10-kids-content-creators-use-organic-social-to-build-their-audience | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.945485 | 1,312 | 1.804688 | 2 |
It's been a while since I've posted anything but a mixture of great weather, end of year rush and two weddings have kept me away from the computer.
So here's a conversation loosely based around the recent story in the news about the end of the world. The lesson focuses mainly on fluency, talking about hypothetical situations, regrets and wishes and a roleplay.
Lesson focus: Conversation
Time: 1-1.5 hour
Hand out worksheet 1 and ask the students if they know who Harold Camping is (an American preacher who predicted the end of the world on the 21st May at 6pm). Get the students to read through the text and ask them to discuss the words in bold. Follow up by pairing the students up and getting them to answer the questions at the bottom of the page, monitor the discussions to make sure they understand the questions.
Hand out worksheet 2 along with a dice and counters to each group of two or three. The students have to roll the dice and move round the board expressing regrets based on the topics they land on using the form "I wish I had..."
This roleplay is based on a popular pub conversation I regularly had with a good friend of mine. Put the students into groups of 4 and hand out worksheet 3. Set the scene for the students explaining that it is 2020 and the Human Race faces annihilation. They are the most important leaders in the world and must try to save Mankind by creating a special team of people whose job it is to re-colonise the world after the meteor has hit. They must choose 10 people based on their skills, occupations, characteristics to be included in the team. Get the students to justify their answers.
Finish off with a group discussion if you have a small class, or split the class into small groups if you have a large class and monitor. Hand out the discussion questions and get the students to have a conversation about the questions they find most interesting. Get the students to answer as fully as possible and to comment on each other's views. Listen for common mistakes and do a correction slot to finish off.
So there you are, I hope you enjoy. | <urn:uuid:4d4a3c0b-77cd-4a17-b9f5-8e3b2429d9a2> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://esldog.blogspot.com/2011/05/end-of-world.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719646.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00127-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957726 | 442 | 2.328125 | 2 |
4th grade passes accepted at Red Rock Pass sites and special fee areas (Grasshopper Point, Crescent Moon and Call of the Canyon)
Release Date: Sep 11, 2016
Contact(s): Red Rock Visitor Center 928-203-2900, Media Contact: Brady Smith 928-527-3490, Media Contact: George Jozens 928-527-3412
Update: Crescent Moon, Grasshopper Point, and Call of the Canyon special fee areas are accepting the 4th Grade Pass through 2017! The article has been edited to reflect this change.
Sedona, Arizona — Concessionaires of the Coconino National Forest will accept 4th grade passes, from the Every Kid in a Park program, for fees associated with the many special fee area recreation sites and amenities they manage through 2017
until December 31, 2016.
As part of this nationwide Every Kid in a Park initiative, which began in September 2015, all federal land managing agencies are continuing the 4th Grade Pass program for the 2016 school year. This program will provide 4th grade students and their families, free access to Forest Service standard amenity recreation sites, national parks and other Federal recreational lands during the fourth grade school year (September 1 through August 31). On the Coconino National Forest, standard amenity recreation fee sites are those covered under the Red Rock Pass program.
The Every Kid in a Park initiative targets 4th grade students because research shows that children between the ages of 9 and 11 are at a unique developmental stage in their learning when they begin to understand how the world around them works in more concrete ways. By exposing them to our great outdoors during this time in their lives, they are more likely to develop positive attitudes towards nature, the environment and culture as they grow into the next generation of stewards.
These Coconino National Forest standard amenity fee area sites include Palatki, Honanki, V Bar V Heritage Sites, multiple trailheads and recreation sites managed by the forest with parking fees collected under the Red Rock Pass fee program. The concession contracted sites Grasshopper Point, Crescent Moon Ranch and Call of the Canyon (West Fork trailhead) are special fee areas that charge an extra fee for day use entry.
“Kids are literally the future of outdoor recreation,” said Warren Meyer of Recreation Resource Management, the concessionaire which runs the participating special fee areas. “We are thrilled as a company to participate in this nationwide program to bring kids into the outdoors as well as to give back to the families and Sedona visitors that have been so good to us over the years.”
The Every Kid in a Park pass admits the fourth grader and any accompanying passengers in a private, non-commercial vehicle at per vehicle fee areas, or the pass owner, all the kids and up to three accompanying adults at sites that charge per person. If the child and his or her family are riding bicycles, up to three adults are included. Please note that fourth graders must be present at entry when using the pass. | <urn:uuid:5b4af866-8238-470e-bfa7-d1bcddd9aa51> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/coconino/news-events/?cid=FSEPRD517840 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.953742 | 626 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Just a few years ago we had a large population of ladybugs that would swarm the back porch every fall. I was just thinking that I haven’t seen any the past two years. Scientists are wondering why this is the case and have been asking for the help of people like you and me to help gather ladybug data. New colonies are being started in different areas of the United States while old colonies are disappearing.
This would be a great science project to complete and now is about the time ladybugs are spotted. You can read all about it, take pictures of ladybugs and submit them if you “spot” them near your home or places you like to visit. 🙂 Here is the website called The Lost Ladybug Project to help determine what is occurring in ladybug populations. Click Here to begin the adventure.
Here are some more ladybug resources to enhance your study. Enjoy!
The Grouchy Ladybug, Eric Carle, (preschool, elementary) A fictitious account of a ladybug who is looking for a fight and uses the excuse, “You’re not big enough.” until someone muuuch bigger than her takes on the challenge. Read to find out what happens.
Ladybugs, Gail Gibbons Did you know ladybugs live on 6 of the 7 continents? You can read more about them in this nonfiction book about ladybugs.
Ladybug Lady has coloring sheets, FAQ’s and more.
Enchanted Learning has information as well as pictures to label and crafts to create.
Grouchy Ladybug Lapbook looks like a lot of fun! This would be a fantastic compliment to the Grouchy Ladybug book.
Lapbook Lessons Preschool-Elementary A ladybug lapbook for all to enjoy.
How about Hatching your very own ladybugs? Purchase live ladybugs and start your own insect-eating colony! They are good for your gardens as they eat aphids that are harmful to roses and other flowers. | <urn:uuid:f67ed354-f19b-491c-835a-6cb270798b46> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://schoolmarmohio.com/tag/grouchy-ladybug/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.955442 | 423 | 2.921875 | 3 |
|Other Names||Natriuretic peptides A, CDD-ANF, Prepronatriodilatin, Cardiodilatin-related peptide, CDP, Atrial natriuretic factor, ANF, Atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP, NPPA, ANP, PND|
|Target/Specificity||The synthetic peptide sequence used to generate the antibody AP8534a was selected from the N-term region of human NPPA. A 10 to 100 fold molar excess to antibody is recommended. Precise conditions should be optimized for a particular assay.|
|Format||Synthetic peptide was lyophilized with 100% acetonitrile and is supplied as a powder. Reconstitute with 0.1 ml DI water for a final concentration of 1 mg/ml.|
|Storage||Maintain refrigerated at 2-8°C for up to 6 months. For long term storage store at -20°C.|
|Precautions||This product is for research use only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.|
|Function||Hormone playing a key role in cardiovascular homeostasis through regulation of natriuresis, diuresis, and vasodilation. Also plays a role in female pregnancy by promoting trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling in uterus. Specifically binds and stimulates the cGMP production of the NPR1 receptor. Binds the clearance receptor NPR3.|
Thousands of laboratories across the world have published research that depended on the performance of antibodies from Abgent to advance their research. Check out links to articles that cite our products in major peer-reviewed journals, organized by research category.
email@example.com, and receive a free "I Love Antibodies" mug.
Provided below are standard protocols that you may find useful for product applications.
NPPA belongs to the natriuretic peptide family. Natriuretic peptides are implicated in the control of extracellular fluid volume and electrolyte homeostasis. This protein is synthesized as a large precursor(containing a signal peptide), which is processed to release a peptide from the N-terminus with similarity to vasoactive peptide, cardiodilatin, and another peptide from the C-terminus with natriuretic-diuretic activity.
Watanabe,Y., et.al., Biochem. Mol. Med. 61 (1), 47-51 (1997)Suga,S., et.al., Endocrinology 130 (1), 229-239 (1992)
If you have used an Abgent product and would like to share how it has performed, please click on the "Submit Review" button and provide the requested information. Our staff will examine and post your review and contact you if needed.
If you have any additional inquiries please email technical services at firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:2384361f-ab9e-4e36-a954-169bcdd0f587> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.abgent.com/products/BP8534a-NPPA-Antibody-N-term-Blocking-Peptide | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00018-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.841906 | 615 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Isaiah 7:14 “Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.”
Originally posted 12.23.2017
As we approach Christmas Day, we believe it’s important for this ministry to loudly proclaim the whole reason for the season, as the saying goes! That said, over the next few days we’re looking at the basics of both Christianity, and Mormonism. Our topic:
Who is Jesus?
We’re looking at the very basics of what God has revealed about His Son through His word, and comparing it with what Mormon leaders have always taught about Him. To be sure, the LDS references we’re looking at aren’t some obscure blips of info pulled from a dusty old shelf, rather, these are common teachings/doctrines of Mormonism all members will be able to recognize, and affirm, this is the god they worship.
Today we’re starting off with looking at Matthew 1:23 –
“Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us.”
This verse is one of the fulfillments of Isaiah 7:14. For a moment, think upon the scenario Isaiah laid before the Israelites. It was 700 years before the birth of the Savior, so this verse had been well known long before you, and I, or even Joe Smith came along.
Only those who’ve doubted God would reject this awesome prophecy, and go out of their way to plant seeds of doubt in the minds of the unknowing. Joseph Smith was merely one in a long list of those who’ve done the same.
You can read historical accounts from when King Jehoiakim ordered the leaves of scriptures to be burned at his summer home (Jeremiah 36:20-26), to Voltaire who surmised Christianity would become obscure within 100 yrs. (The Geneva Bible Society ended up buying his home, and printed Bibles from the very table he used to write about his hatred for God). The list is long and varied, so Smith and his ideas should just get in line with all the others.
There are a few key elements to look at in this very short text in Matthew so be sure not to overlook them! They include the following
2.Jesus known as ‘Emmanuel’
3.The name Emmanuel means, ‘God with us’
The context of what we have in God’s word is pretty self-explanatory. Jesus was born of a virgin, and was known as Emmanuel. This means Jesus is God.
Now, let’s look at what Mormons believe about our Lord. The following reference can be found in our article, ‘What do Mormons Think of the Virgin Mary’.
Wilford Woodruff’s Journal, April 9, 1852; “Who begat the Son of God? Infidels say that Jesus was a bastard, but let me tell you the truth concerning that matter. Our Father begat all the spirits that were, before any tabernacles were made. When our Father came into the garden, He came with His celestial body and brought one of His wives with Him and ate of the fruit of the garden until He could beget a tabernacle, and Adam is Michael or God and all the God that we have anything to do with. They eat of this fruit and formed the first tabernacle that was formed. And when the Virgin Mary was begotten with child, it was by the Father and in no other way, in no other way, only as we were begotten. I will tell you the truth as it is in God. The world don’t know that Jesus Christ our elder brother was begotten by our Father in Heaven. Handle it as you please, it will either seal the damnation or salvation of man. He was begotten by the Father and not by the Holy Ghost.” – Wilford Woodruff
As you can see, Mr. Woodruff’s explanation of Jesus is far different than what we read in scripture!
1.Mormon Jesus not born of a virgin
2.Mormon Jesus not God incarnate
3.Mormon Jesus not begotten by the Holy Ghost
4.Mormon god is Adam, who is also Michael, the Archangel
Bottom line: if you want to know the Jesus of the Bible, you won’t find Him in Mormonism. Regrettably, He’s not there.
Please, take the time to share the truth with a Mormon you know, and as always, don’t forget to pray!
You might also want to ask the Mormon you know why they’d sing traditional Christmas songs when they don’t actually believe in what they’re singing.
With Love in Christ; | <urn:uuid:b72bf46e-f4aa-4bd1-bcbd-7dd311377249> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lifeafter.org/jesus-of-mormonism-v-jesus-of-christianity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.968772 | 1,052 | 1.84375 | 2 |
June 8th, 2015 12:24 EST
UN Marks 'World Oceans Day'
Although the world`s oceans are vast, their capacity to withstand damage caused by human activity is limited, compromising their critical contribution to the future of sustainable development, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon declared today as the United Nations kicked-off its celebrations for the 2015 edition of World Oceans Day.
Oceans are an essential component of the Earth`s ecosystem, and healthy oceans are critical to sustaining a healthy planet, " the Secretary-General affirmed in his message for the Day.
Given how critical oceans are to the health of our planet and the prosperity of people, they are an essential element in our emerging vision for sustainable development, including the new set of sustainable development goals now being prepared to guide the global fight against poverty for the next 15 years. "
Two out of every five people live relatively close to a shore and three out of seven depend on marine and coastal resources to survive, according to Mr. Ban, who added that the world`s oceans also help regulate the climate, process nutrients through natural cycles and provide a wide range of services, including natural resources, food and jobs that benefit billions of people.
The growing threat of climate change, however, has posed an increasing challenge to their health and productivity, particularly as oceans absorb a large portion of greenhouse gas emissions and are becoming more acidic as a result.
Ocean ecosystems are degrading. Corals, which sustain so much of marine life, are vulnerable to bleaching and even death caused by warmer temperatures, " the UN chief affirmed. The science is clear: humans have caused changes to the climate system that are linked to the warming of oceans. Sea-levels are rising, with devastating effects on vulnerable communities, especially people living in small island developing States. "
The UN General Assembly has recognized oceans and seas as an important part of sustainable development " as envisioned by the Millennium Declaration and its landmark anti-poverty goals (MDGs). Looking now to craft a successor post-2015 sustainable development agenda, Member States have identified protecting oceans as one of the keys to creating a better, cleaner future for the planet.
Since 2009, the UN family has come together each year, urging communities to ensure that our oceans remain clean and healthy. This year`s theme Healthy oceans, health planet spotlights the damage oceans sustain due to human pressures including overexploitation, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, destructive fishing, as well as unsustainable aquaculture practices, marine pollution, habitat destruction, alien species, and climate change.
As Member States prepare for a crucial year of landmark agreements on climate change and ending poverty, success, Mr. Ban explained, will demand that they look at the essential role of world`s oceans. "
World Oceans Day is a chance to strengthen our resolve to appreciate, protect and restore our oceans and their resources, " he concluded. In this potentially pivotal year, we must commit to using the gifts of the oceans peacefully, equitably and sustainably for generations to come. "
Echoing this message, Irina Bokova, Director-General of the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) said that a sustainable planet cannot exist without a healthy ocean and with a few months to go before the 21st Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP21) and the shaping of a new global sustainable development agenda, this message has never been so important. "
Whether landlocked or coastal, every country and every form of life depends on the health and function of the world`s oceans, which are at the centre of the global climate system, regulating weather and climate, the concentration of gases in the atmosphere " including the oxygen we breathe, the cycling of nutrients, and providing important food resources.
To better assess the impact of human activity and to propose alternatives, UNESCO works to nurture the power of education, culture, sciences, and communication as development multipliers, to share knowledge with all societies on sustainable development and climate change.
Through our Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, we are leading ocean observation systems of unique value for climate research ¬ " mobilizing experts to discuss new findings and trends on ocean warming and acidification and exploring the role of the ocean in mitigating climate change, " Ms. Bokova said.
On the occasion of World Oceans Day 2015, UNESCO with the support of partners, is organizing a major event at its headquarters in Paris on the role of the ocean in the climate system ahead of the global climate change negotiations.
On this World Oceans Day, I call on Members States, civil society and the private sector to join forces to raise awareness and to promote global action on the importance of the ocean in the global climate system " our future depends on it, " she declared.
Photo Credit: Wikipedia | <urn:uuid:c3e6b897-bb89-443f-9838-96f3509ecf91> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://thesop.org/story/20150608/un-marks-world-oceans-day.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00241-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931009 | 989 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Background to Gideon’s Trumpet and the intent of this page
In Gideon’s Trumpet, Anthony Lewis provides a detailed account of Clarence Earl Gideon’s appeal to Supreme Court in order to gain his right to counsel, but Lewis also gives an excellent description of the process of appealing to the Supreme Court in general.I intend to outline the major aspects of Gideon’s case, as described by Lewis, and I also hope to convey some of the most important aspects of the appellate process that he discusses.
Chapter 1 describes Gideon’s claim to the Supreme Court (hereafter simply the Court).Gideon petitioned the Court in forma pauperis, in the manner of a pauper.An in forma pauperis petition exempts indigent plaintiffs without having to pay the normal fees associated with the petitioning the Court and also provides for wide discretion in the filing of affidavits for the Court.Lewis states that the Court’s “Rule 53 allows an impoverished person to file just one copy of a petition, instead of the forty ordinarily required, and states that the Court will make ‘due allowance’ for technical errors so long as there is substantial compliance” (4).
From his initial filing to the Court, it appears as though Gideon made a substantial effort to comply with the standards set by the Court in regard to in forma pauperis petitions.Gideon’s application was written in pencil, but he included the affidavit required to proceed in forma pauperis and he appeared to have filed within the required 90 days of the lower court decision.In his petition, Gideon also provided the Court with a copy of his habeas corpus petition that he filed to the Florida Supreme Court and the Florida Supreme Court’s rejection of that petition.
In his petition, Lewis states that Gideon provided little, if any, personal information.Lewis describes Gideon as a destitute man who bore the marks of a destitute life.Gideon was 51 years old at the time of his petition to the Court.He had been convicted on four previous felonies.According to Lewis, hardly anyone would describe Gideon as a violent man; rather, Gideon was a man who found great difficulty in settling down and working to live.Thus, Gideon often turned to crime.
In his filing to the Court, Gideon’s case was originally titled Gideon v. Cochran.Gideon’s primary submission to the Court was a 5-page petition for writ of certiorari, which is a petition asking the Court to bring the case up from the lower court.Gideon had been convicted of breaking and entering into the Bay Harbor Poolroom in Panama City, Florida.The crux of Gideon’s petition to the Court was that the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, which states that “No state shall…deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law,” had been violated when the trial court had denied Gideon’s request for an attorney.In Gideon’s petition to the Court, he states, “[w]hen at the time of the petitioners trial he ask the lower court for the aid of counsel, the court refused the aid. Petitioner told the court that this Court made decision to the effect that all citizens tried for a felony crime should have aid of counsel.The lower court ignored this plea” (8).Altogether Gideon mentioned a right to counsel approximately six times.However, he never mentioned the case of Betts v. Brady.
Betts v. Brady would prove to be a critical, if not the most critical, aspect of Gideon’s claim. Without Betts Gideon really would have had no claim before the Court.Betts was precedent and it stood to limit the right of counsel except in special circumstances.In Betts, Justice Roberts for the Court stated that the Fourteenth Amendment did not provide a universal right to counsel in all felony cases.Instead, the Court said that a defendant was only to be provided with counsel in such cases as when the lack of counsel would result in “a denial of fundamental fairness.”The precedent of Betts was to be applied on a case-by-case basis.Although Gideon did not realize it, he was asking for one the great occasions in which the Court reverses itself.As Lewis states, “[h]e was asking the Supreme Court to change its mind” (11).
In Chapter 2, Lewis describes the Court as institution.Particularly, he focuses on the rules, both stated and unstated, that the Court follows in determining which cases it will hear and its holding in those cases.In order to stay within the scope of the task at hand, I shall seek to address these topics as they are relevant to Gideon.However, I think you shall see that the characteristics of the Court described by Lewis are relevant in almost every case coming before the Court.
In considering the decisions of the Court it is essential to remember that the Court is a passive institution. The Court cannot address issues as it wishes.Instead, the Court must wait for cases and controversies to be brought before them.However, in order for the Court to address the cases and controversies brought before them, several preconditions must be satisfied.
First, a case must be within the jurisdiction of the Court.As established by Article III of the Constitution, the Court is to have jurisdiction in
all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made…; to all Cases of Admiralty and maritime jurisdiction;…to Controversies between two or more States;…[and] between Citizens of different States…
I shall not seek to interpret this phrase.Needless to say, volumes of works have attempted to do so.Instead, Gideon’s claim involves an issue that has come to be derived from this phrase: the issue is a federal question.Gideon’s questioned hinged on the issue of whether the Constitution and, in particular, the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause provided for the right to counsel in all felony cases.
Viewed as a federal claim, the case of Gideon v. Cochran presents the conflict between the federal government and states.To observe Gideon’s claim simply as the case of an individual versus a state government is to ignore another, perhaps, more significant problem: that is what is the proper role of the federal government in mandating the standards applied by the states in criminal proceedings.In the case of a conflict between the federal and state levels of government, states are to yield to the federal government.The Supremacy Clause in Article VI of the Constitution states that “[t]his Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made…shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.”The conflict between the states and the federal government was addressed in Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee, in which the Court held that contrary to Virginia state court rulings the Jay Treaty of 1794 was law, not a Virginia statute that ran contradictory to it.In considering the conflict between the federal and state levels of government, do not underestimate the importance of the Supremacy Clause and the Court’s holding in Martin.Consider the impact if the Court had not held that the federal government rule was to be superior.Would there be uniformity of laws? Would one be able to engage in interstate travel secure in the knowledge that they are protected by uniform standards of law?
Having sufficiently addressed the issue of whether or not the Court actually had jurisdiction to hear Gideon’s claim, we now turn to some of the procedural hurdles that Gideon must have cleared before the Court could address his claim.The foremost issues, as they pertain to Gideon, were (1) whether he exhausted his possible state remedies and (2) whether he had followed procedures generally applicable in the state courts.The Exhaustion Rule, as it is known, is intended to prevent premature ruling by the Court before a case ran its course through the state court system.However, the Exhaustion Rule should be understood to be an explicit prohibition against the Court from reaching into the lowest levels of the state court system to right a wrong.As Lewis states, the Court did just that in the 1960s when “Shuffling Sam” Thompson brought his claim.In Thompson’s case, Kentucky law prohibited appeal to state court for fines under twenty dollars.Thompson brought his case to the Court where his conviction was overturned.Generally speaking, the Court will waive procedural errors committed by a petitioner if state courts agreed to decide the federal question even though there was a procedural error.
Beyond these general conditions for hearing cases, the Court has developed other conditions that a case must satisfy prior to cert being granted.First, a petitioner to the Court must have standing. In short, the petitioner, his or herself must have suffered “the” injury.The Court will not issue advisory opinions.
Gideon’s case satisfied each these conditions.
With the passage of the Judges’ Bill of 1925, the Court was allowed almost unilateral control over the cases it would hear.Thus, Gideon had satisfied the procedural conditions of the Court, but “the ball was in the Court’s corner” to decide whether they would actually hear the case.In order to petition the Court for a hearing, one generally files a writ of certiorari.Granting cert, as it is known, is not a mysterious process.In fact, it simply means that the Court is willing to hear the petitioner’s claim.More than 90 percent of the cases that the Court hears come in the form of cert.However, there are certain classes of cases that have an absolute right of appeal.An example of such a class is antitrust cases brought by the government and decided in federal district court.
The reasons why the Court denies cert are unknown. The Court does not provide its reasoning to the public.They simply state that the case lacks a substantial federal question.Furthermore, one can draw no inferences as to how the Court might have ruled in the case on the basis of denial of cert.As Justice Brennan stated, “[v]ery often I have voted to deny application when I thought that the [lower] court’s result was very wrong” (29).
The Court’s decision to grant cert to Gideon was one of timing and strategy, according to Lewis.Since the “special circumstances” rule had been established in Betts, the Court had struggled with its interpretation.However, there were also problems which still confronted abandoning in a drastic fashion the standard of Betts.Would a new rule be retroactively applicable? What would be the impact on the Court of changing its opinion so drastically?
Chapter addresses in more detail how the Court decides which cases to bring before it and the actual procedure of getting the case before the Court.Within the Court, there is no hierarchy.Each justice holds equal power in the process of deciding which cases will be granted cert.Although the Court receives thousands of petitions for cert, the petitions are not divided up amongst the justices.Each justice reviews each petition.
The formal procedure by which a writ of certiorari is handled is as follows.In a “normal” petition for cert, petitioner is required to provide 40 copies of his petition.Respondent is required to file a brief in opposition within 30 days.The Clerk’s Office holds petitioner’s brief until a brief in opposition is received.Once both sides’ briefs are received, they are distributed amongst the justices.Most justices then allow their clerks to summarize the issues of the case.(This has led critics to claim that clerks often have too much influence on the Court.)Law clerks also assist the justices in research and may draft documents for the justices.
The formal or “normal” process described thus far, however, is not applicable to Gideon’s case.Remember, Gideon’s case was an in forma pauperis petition.In forma pauperis petitions are exempted from such formalities as the printing requirements.Only about 3 percent of in forma pauperis petitions are granted, as compared to about 13 percent of normal cert petitions.Gideon had mailed a copy of his petition, as required by the rules of the Court, to H.G. Cochran, Jr., who was the named respondent in his case and the head of the Florida prison system.The state of Florida did not respond within the required 30 days to Gideon’s claim, and, thus, Gideon’s petition was circulated without Florida’s brief.On February 8, 1962, Gideon’s petition was sent to the office of Chief Justice Earl Warren (37).
The law clerks for the Chief Justice, of which there are 3 only for the Chief Justice, review in forma pauperis petitions.If the clerks believe that a petition presents an interesting question, they may bring this to the attention of the Chief Justice even before petitioner’s briefs are circulated amongst the other justices.The Chief Justice may then request a response from petitioner on the particular issue.This process occurred in Gideon’s case and the Attorney General of Florida, Richard Ervin, was sent a letter requesting his response to Gideon’s claim.
On April 9, 1962, the Court received a response from an Assistant Attorney General of Florida, Bruce R. Jacob, in regard to Gideon’s claim.Jacob’s response was founded upon one basic claim: Gideon was not entitled to representation by an attorney at his trial because Gideon had not shown “special circumstances,” as required by Betts v. Brady.Jacob appeared to assume that Betts was a constitutional principle etched in stone.Gideon then responded to Jacob’s brief.Gideon’s reply reiterated the claim he made initially: the absence of representation at his trial meant that he had been denied a fair trial.Gideon also included a sentence that cut to the heart of the Betts Rule, whether intentionally or not: He said, “[i]t makes no difference how old I am or what color I am or what church if I belong too if any” (40).
Upon receipt of Gideon’s reply, Gideon’s petition was put on the conference schedule where it would be decided if the Court would, indeed, hear his claim.Conference discussions are conducted in secrecy; however, generalities are known.In the conference, issues of interest are presented in order of seniority.Votes are conducted from the most junior members to the most senior members.In conference, it takes only 4 votes to grant cert.On June 1, 1962, the Court decided that they would hear the case of Gideon v. Cochran and decide if “this Court’s holding in Betts v. Brady, 316 U.S. 455, [should] be reconsidered” (44).
Lewis addresses the appointment of Gideon’s counsel before the Court in Chapter 4.Of course, Gideon’s counsel was no amateur in matters involving the Court. Gideon’s counsel was Abe Fortas (pictured at left).Lewis provides a great deal of background regarding the “special” lawyers that are often appointed to represent indigents.For the task at hand, suffice to say that the lawyers appointed to represent indigents are usually the crème de la crème.Furthermore, the top lawyers that are appointed do not receive compensation for their services.They simply act out of a sense of duty.
For an indigent to receive legal assistance provided by the Court, the indigent must be willing to request assistance from the Court. In the case of Gideon, this was no problem.He readily wrote a letter requesting the provision of an attorney.As for the decision as to who shall represent the indigent, as in most other matters before the Court, the Court itself decides.
Lewis goes into a great deal of describing Fortas, which I shall not do hear.In class, we have discussed the “Washington lawyer.” Well, if ever there was a lawyer who represents the quintessential example of a “Washington lawyer,” it is Abe Fortas.Fortas worked in the firm of Arnold, Fortas, and Porter of Washington.In his work, he acted, just as we have described, as an intermediary between the private sector and the governmental sector, primarily advising industry as to how they may stay within the parameters of the law and, yet, maximize their “well-being.”However, Fortas also held a keen interest in criminal law.
The shaping of the argument to be presented to the Court is largely a discretionary decision by counsel.In Gideon’s case, Fortas faced a difficult decision: would he use Gideon’s case as an attempt to overturn a previously established constitutional principle, the Betts Rule, or would he attempt to reverse Gideon’s conviction within the “special circumstances” rule of Betts?Fortas’s first step in making this decision was to obtain the transcripts of the lower court trial of Gideon.
Chapter 5 begins by recounting Gideon’s original trial.For brevity’s sake, one should simply understand that Gideon was not well versed in the actions of a lawyer at trial.Gideon appeared to understand the procedure and the general tasks he was to undertake.As Fortas reviewed the transcripts, it was clear to him that Gideon had not addressed witnesses and certain legal principles effectively.However, Gideon’s case would not fall under the purview of the Betts Rule.As Lewis states
[w]hen that transcript was read at Arnold, Fortas, and Porter, there was no longer any question about the appropriateness of this case as the vehicle to challenge Betts v. Brady.Plainly Gideon was not mentally defective.The charge against him, and the proof, were not particularly complicated.The judge had tried to be fair; at least there was no overt bias in the courtroom.In short, Gideon had not suffered from any of the special circumstances that would have entitled him to a lawyer under the limited rule of Betts v. Brady.And yet it was altogether clear that a lawyer would have helped.The trial had been a rudimentary one, with a prosecution case that was fragmentary at best.Gideon had not made a single objection or pressed any of the favorable lines of defense.An Arnold, Fortas and Porter associate said later: ‘We knew as soon as we read that transcript that here was a perfect case to challenge the assumption of Betts that a man would have a fair trial without a lawyer.He did very well for a layman, he acted like a lawyer. But it was a pitiful effort really.He may have committed the crime, but it was never proved by the prosecution.A lawyer—not a great lawyer, just an ordinary, competent lawyer—could have made ashes of the case.(64-5)
The remainder of this chapter describes correspondence between Fortas and Gideon.I do not find the historical sketch of Gideon’s life particularly helpful in understanding the case. However, in one of Gideon’s letters to Fortas he wrote something that I found quite prophetic (and extraordinary, to say the least).Gideon said
I have no illusions about law and courts or the people who are involved in them.I have read the complete history of law ever since the Romans first started writing them down and before of the laws of religions.I believe that each era finds a improvement in law each year brings something new for the benefit of mankind.Maybe this will be one of those small steps forward… (81)
No, Gideon’s grammar is not flawless, but he could not have been more “on-the-mark” than to suggest that his case might be one of the giant leaps forward in the progress of law.
Chapter 6 provides an excellent review of methods of judicial, particularly those employed by Justices Black (constitutional absolutism) and Frankfurter (judicial self-restraint).
Lewis’s objective in this chapter is to provide the reader with some idea of the difficulty that a justice faces each time he is forced to decide a case.Gideon had lodged his complaint as if there was no precedent in the area of right to counsel.Gideon had made no reference to Betts, but the Court could certainly not ignore the presence of Betts in making its decision.At the crux of the issue which Lewis raises in this chapter is judicial review.The principle of judicial review has been accepted; however, the method about which method of judicial review should be used is still very much in question.
As previously stated, Justice Frankfurter supposedly employed the judicial self-restraintist mode of judicial review.According to this model, the Court is to defer to the legislature and the states in its decision-making.Frankfurter expressed “apprehensiveness” about the Court interjecting its wisdom over that of the popularly elected legislature. (As an aside, Justice John Marshall Harlan is probably a purer embodiment of this mode of interpretation that Frankfurter.)
In a stark contrast to Frankfurter, Justice Black’s method of interpretation held the Constitution’s provisions as “absolute” truths inviolable by the legislature.From this view, Justice Black did not have trouble overturning an act of the legislature that ran afoul of a Constitutional provision.
However, as Lewis describes, the differing modes of interpretation employed by Frankfurter and Black are not always logically consistent.Frankfurter did not show deference in striking down the constitutionality of wiretapping and the provision of public funds to parochial schools.Justice Black did not act to strike down such actions as unconstitutional.
As Abe Fortas began formulating his argument for the Court, he realized that for a justice like Frankfurter overturning the precedent of Betts would not be a simple task.As a judicial self-restraintist, Frankfurter usually held that the Court’s opinions were to be made under the guise of stare decisis.(A literal translation of stare decisis is “to stand by what has been decided.”)However, Frankfurter was not absolute in conforming to precedent.For instance, he voted to overturn the “separate but equal” doctrine proscribed in Plessy v. Ferguson (1954) in the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.For the reasons previously stated, Fortas felt that he would not face similar difficulties in convincing Justice Black to join his argument.
Beyond precedent, the issue of federalism also presented a difficulty in Gideon’s case.Federalism has been an issue of utmost importance for the Court ever since its momentous decisions in McCulloch v. Maryland, in which the Court held that the federal government’s power to create a bank was superior to the states’.Relevant to Gideon’s claim was Frankfurter’s belief that the federal government should not impose upon the states to protect individual liberties.Justice Black had little of the same resistance.
At the crux of the considerations Fortas was making in regard to the views of Justices Black and Frankfurter was the issue of incorporation.(list of different views 94-99).
The primary purpose of Chapter 7 is to provide the reader with greater insight as to who Clarence Earl Gideon actually was.
Clarence Earl Gideon probably had no idea what concepts such as incorporation and stare decisis represented.However, Gideon did have a fairly clear idea of the extraordinary importance of his claim.Gideon said, “[i]n Betts versus Brady they were trying to allow ‘em their states’ rights.They gave the state courts discretion.They just say no.They talk about states’ rights.I think there’s only one state—the United States.”
Gideon had supposedly committed the crime of breaking and entering and larceny at Bay Harbor Poolroom in June of 1961.Gideon lived in Bay Harbor Community, which is just outside of downtown Panama City, Florida.Gideon had been a model prisoner, and he often helped other prisoners in their legal claims.
Lewis provides an in-depth look at the prejudice Gideon felt that he had received in the Florida justice system.According to Gideon
I don’t know if you’ve ever been in one of these courtrooms, but the prejudice is obvious.In this state—except for Dade County [Miami], in Dade County they go by the books—they just run over people who have nothing.I’ve never taken the witness stand in this case, nobody knows what I’d say.Without a lawyer, the criminal record I had, what I’d have said they’d never have paid any attention to. (104)
In Chapter 8, Lewis provides a synopsis of major events regarding the right to counsel prior to Gideon’s claim.I shall review the complexity of the law that Lewis describes.I presume that everyone reading has recognized the complexity of the law, and the inherent difficulty an intelligent man, much less a layman, would have in defending himself.So, I turn to Lewis’s historical account.
For the sake of brevity, it suffices to say that the adoption of the Sixth Amendment in the Bill of Rights was, in all probability, not intended to apply to the states. The Sixth Amendment was intended to protect the individual from unguarded persecution by the federal government.
In American case law, the right to counsel presents an interesting example of how constitutional doctrine evolves slowly and methodically case-by-case over time.The first major case Lewis examines is the 1932 case of Powell v. Alabama (also the Scottsboro Case).In Powell, the Court held that indigents were entitled to counsel in capital cases.(In the Scottsboro case, the Court scolded the lower court for implying that counsel appointed the day of trial was even counsel, as if such a counsel could be expected to act effectively.)
The second major case Lewis examines is Johnson v. Zerbst.In Zerbst, the Court carried its decision in Powell to its logical conclusion and made the provision of appointed counsel applicable to all federal prosecutions.I will not indulge into the background that Lewis provides.
Lewis also reviews the Court’s holding in Betts v. Brady (which I will not given the prominent role it has taken both earlier in my discussion and in our class discussions).Just remember that the Betts Rule was a flexible one that ultimately showed an extreme bias against defendants in practice.The Court’s decision in Betts is infamous for the “fundamental fairness” doctrine (which appears to be an adaptation of Justice Cardozo’s “selection incorporation” view).
In most cases, the state possesses an enormous advantage in seeking the prosecution of a person.This was the case for Gideon throughout the trial and appellate process.However, this trend came to an abrupt halt when Gideon was appointed Fortas as his counsel before the Court.In comparison to the tremendous resources of the firm Arnold, Fortas, and Porter, the state of Florida’s staff devoted to this case was minimal, at best.
Bruce Robert Jacob, an assistant attorney general for Florida, had taken responsibility for the case since Gideon began the appellate process.Lewis goes into a great amount of detail providing background into Jacob.I do not think that the background is necessary for our purposes.Instead, it is adequate to note that Jacob was an extremely busy fellow that, needless to say, did not devote his full attention to Gideon’s case.However, there were some very interesting aspects of the case that evolved out of Jacob’s preparations for the case.
One critical development occurred when Jacob attempted to solicit amicus curiae briefs from other states.Jacob hoped to elicit support from other attorney generals around the United States.As it turned out, his decision to write other attorney generals for support was a terrible blunder, especially after the Minnesota attorney general Walter F. Mondale found out about Jacob’s stance on the issue of right to counsel.Mondale began his own campaign for amicus curiae briefs urging the overturning of Betts.Ultimately, Mondale gained support from 23 states; Jacob received support from only 2 states, Georgia and North Carolina.
By the time that argument neared, it had become clear to Jacob that the tide of the Court was turning against him.As if things could not get worse for Jacob, on August 28, Justice Felix Frankfurter (at right) retired.
Chapter 11 deals with the presentation of arguments before the Court.
Chapter 12 serves a simple task in the context of Gideon v. Wainwright.It describes the decision writing process, whereby a justice is assigned the duty of writing the opinion by the Chief Justice (if the Chief Justice is in the majority) or by the most senior member of the majority, and the chapter also describes the actual opinion of the Court, as issued by Justice Black.
In Chapter 13, Lewis confronts, what I believe is the reality of the Gideon ideal.Ultimately, defendants need more than mere counsel. They need effective counsel.However, in the search for effective counsel, one must confront the gruesome reality of limited financial resources.Lewis discusses various studies commissioned before and after the Gideon ruling that point to the lack of resources being funneled to indigent defenders.I take it that most readers will find it no surprise that the F. Lee Bailey’s and Johnny Cochran’s of the world do not rush out to defend clients who are unable to pay them.
However, Lewis does note that, after the Court’s ruling in Gideon, action was taken with surprising quickness.After Gideon numerous states, including Florida, acted through their legislature to provide more financial resources to indigent defenders.Also, Florida courts acted retroactively to enforce the rule of Gideon.
Lewis uses Chapter 14 to make a general statement about the role of the Court in American society.He argues that the Court both reinforces the values of society and shapes the values.I do not feel it worth to effort to examine the examples he discusses because they are implied above.In short, he mentions the effect of the absolute principle of Powell v. Alabama (1932) as an especially important example.
Yes, Gideon was retried and found innocent.However, the actual process of trying Gideon again was in no way so simple.Gideon himself raised yet another constitutional: Gideon thought that being retried for the same crime was in violation of the Fifth Amendment’s protection against double jeopardy.The Florida trial court readily dismissed such claim.The foremost problem at Gideon’s retrial was who would represent him.
Soon after the Supreme Court’s ruling, Abe Fortas wrote to Gideon suggesting the he had arranged for an attorney, Tobias Simon, of the Florida Civil Liberties Union (a unit of the ACLU) to represent Gideon.Gideon, however, would not allow Simon to represent him.In fact, at trial proceedings, Gideon rejected the presence of Simon and, ultimately, the trial judge dismissed Simon.Finally, Fred Turner was appointed to take Gideon’s retrial, which he was able to complete successfully.
Page composed by Ben Sessions | <urn:uuid:080553dd-7ebd-49e5-b49b-3709ae30f9c9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www2.gsu.edu/~polwrt/gideon.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00422-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967983 | 6,576 | 2.0625 | 2 |
The begonia is a shade-loving plant that grows well where many other flowering plants fail to thrive. The plant produces blossoms in shades of white, pink, red, orange, yellow and salmon. As fall approaches the begonia's foliage begins to turn yellow and the plant enters dormancy. In areas of severe winters, the delicate plant is quickly killed if not lifted. Begonias grow off a tuberous root system that stores well during the cold winter months and can easily be replanted in the spring so the plant regrows.
When fall approaches the begonia's leaves will begin to turn yellow. Yellowing leaves on a begonia indicate that it is time to cease watering and fertilizing so the plant can prepare for winter dormancy. The reduction in water helps the begonia transition easier. The foliage will begin to die away from the plant and can be gently pulled from the tuberous root system and discarded without injury to the tubers.
The begonia's tuberous root system will require lifting before the first hard frost or the tubers can be damaged in the cold. Begonias grown in pots or containers also require lifting prior to winter storage so the root system is not damaged in the cold. The tuberous root system that suffers freezing damage will be killed and unable to grow back in the spring.
Washing and Drying
The tubers of the begonia plant will have excessive amounts of dirt attached when lifted. The dirt is easily wiped away using a soft cloth. Care is required not to damage the outer skin of the tuber because this could easily allow fungal infections to enter the plant during storage. Begonia tubers must be laid out to dry prior to storage. As the begonia dries, any remaining stem peaces will fall away from the tuber and can be discarded.
Begonia tubers store well in a dry medium substance, such as peat moss or vermiculite. The tubers are small enough to fit into paper or plastic bags packed with the medium for ease of storage.
The begonia tubers require a cool dark place for storage. The tubers must be maintained at a temperature between 40 degrees Fahrenheit to 50 degrees Fahrenheit to maintain dormancy. If the temperature rises the begonia will begin to grow.
Begonia tubers often develop signs of rot or fungus, so inspecting the tubers monthly during the winter months will help keep the other stored tubers healthy. The tubers can display areas of discoloration or soft spots which are an indication that the tuber is ill. Begonia tubers that begin to show signs of sickness will not grow in the spring so they need to be promptly disposed.
Late Winter Care
As spring begins, the begonia tubers will be ready to remove from their storage containers. The tubers will start to form buds when placed in direct sunlight after storage in preparation for spring planting. | <urn:uuid:c65db240-553e-43a7-8d98-1009b9b9a79e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gardenguides.com/116041-begonia-care-winter.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00024-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921114 | 588 | 3.9375 | 4 |
Law, James and Boyle, James and Harris, Frances and Harkness, Avril and Nye, Chad (2000) Prevalence and natural history of primary speech and language delay: findings from a systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 35 (2). pp. 165-188. ISSN 1368-2822Full text not available from this repository.
The prevalence and the natural history of primary speech and language delays were two of four domains covered in a systematic review of the literature related to screening for speech and language delay carried out for the NHS in the UK. The structure and process of the full literature review is introduced and the criteria for inclusion in two domains are specified. The resulting data set gave 16 prevalence estimates generated from 21 publications and 12 natural history studies geneerated from 18 publications. Results are summarized for six subdivisions of primary speech and language delays: (1) speech and/or language, (2) language only, (3) speech only, (4) expression with comprehension, (5) expression only and (6) comprehension only. Combination of the data suggests that both concurrent and predictive case definition can be problematic. Prediction improves if language is taken independently of speech and if expressive and receptive language are taken together. The results are dscussed in terms of the need to develop a model of prevalence based on risk of subsequent difficulties.
|Date Deposited:||10 Mar 2009 09:59|
|Last Modified:||16 Nov 2012 10:13|
Actions (login required) | <urn:uuid:0d468463-bd9f-4834-87c0-c1ac0af0f639> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/405/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00315-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.89097 | 319 | 2 | 2 |
Students looking for scholarships are usually disturbed as to how many years the scholarship can span, it is difficult to pay for college without considering a financial relief program, whether it be student loans, aid, or scholarships. A 4 Year Scholarship program can cover anything from just tuition to all of the living expenses, depending on the terms set out by the provider.
A four-year scholarship is a very competitive one but with the right guide you can be awarded one.
What Is a Four Year Scholarship Program
When a student is looking for a scholarship that will run through the entirety of the course (4 years) that is called a four-year scholarship program. Four-year study programs can be financially taxing on students and therefore most students try to secure scholarships for the same.
The Importance of a Four Year Scholarship Program
- As a student you can financial assistance throughout your schooling;
- There are scholarships (army and sports) you can look out for;
- Students would not have to worry anymore during their time in school;
- It will make you focus on your studies, not worrying about finances that will take you through school;
- If you are an intelligent student this helps in bagging the award as well.
How To Find a Four Year Scholarship Program
Having known your desire of having the award, you need to know what to look out for while seeking the scholarship. Here, you will know the programs that offer a four-year scholarship and their requirements;
- Kent Funding For Academic Excellence
This grant is worth £2,000 a year for students with a high score in their courses especially in mathematics, Modern foreign language, etc. Furthermore, this grand is renewable every year if the students keep up the good work in their academics. However, this is grant applies to every country.
Eligibility Requirements include;
- Does not already hold a bachelors degree;
- Has achieved the grades as required by the university;
- Has satisfied the conditions of entry to the University of Kent.
- Army ROTC
This scholarship is only awarded to students who are planning to attend a four-year college program. However, just like the school above they have their eligibility requirements.
Eligibility Requirements include;
- Be a US citizen between the ages 17 and 26;
- Have a high school diploma or equivalent;
- Have a GPA of 2.50 at least;
- Meet the physical standards as required;
- Have a score of 920 on the SAT or 19 on the ACT;
- Agree to accept a commission and serve in the Army on Active Duty or in a Reserve Component (Army Reserve or Army National Guard).
Furthermore, there are more requirements to meet in other to get the scholarship;
- Serve in the army 8-year commitment;
- Serve full time in the army for 4 years and 4 with Individual Ready Reserve;
- Selected few can pursue a civilian career while serving part-time in the Army Reserve or Army National Guard;In order to apply, candidates must first create an MY GOARMY account and then apply at the application site.
- Barbara and Richard Couch Hypertherm Scholarship
It is awarded to a student pursuing a 2 or 4 years degree program in engineering or a technical major in fields such as welding or cutting fields.
- Applicant must be enrolled in the final year of high school or equivalent. Alternatively, the student must have a minimum high school diploma or equivalent;
- Minimum overall GPA of 2.8;
- Priority to students to display financial need;
- Applicant must be a citizen of the US. However if a child of a current Hypertherm Associate, then they may be from any country and may choose to study in any country, they are eligible for the opportunity. | <urn:uuid:7bafcacb-bd1e-4a11-89d5-9980d628f071> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hillsayjet.com/getting-a-four-year-scholarship-program-in-canada-simplified/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.955835 | 781 | 1.921875 | 2 |
The Dutch government has declared a national water shortage following the extremely hot and dry summer affecting a good part of Europe, informs Phys.org. A national team has been formed to come up with measures to manage water supplies, and the public has been asked to contribute to water conservation efforts.
According to the government, drinking water supplies are not under threat, and new measures are not deemed necessary, but they might be in the future.
Michele Blom, from the country's Public Works and Water Management agency, and appointed to oversee the drought task-force, said "We have been seeing it get drier in the Netherlands for several weeks now because of evaporation in our own country and very low river flows from abroad". Less water is flowing in rivers into the country due to dry conditions to the north and east in Europe.
Mark Harbers, Minister of Infrastructure and Water Management, has called on people "to think carefully about whether they should wash their car or completely fill their inflatable swimming pool. The Netherlands is a water country, but our water is precious here too." He said that "the water shortage is already having a negative effect on shipping and agriculture in particular".
In parts of the country there are restrictions on the water used to irrigate crops. Low water levels in rivers are hampering barge traffic as well as small ferry traffic.
The mechanical bridges over Amsterdam’s canals had to be sprayed with water to prevent metal from expanding, as the structures could jam shut and block the passage of boats.
The European Union’s executive warned in July that the continent is facing one of its toughest years when it comes to natural disasters like droughts and wildfires because of increasing climate change. | <urn:uuid:be80e488-de03-429b-b226-4222a00b9ede> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://smartwatermagazine.com/news/smart-water-magazine/netherlands-declares-a-water-shortage-due-drought | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.973926 | 352 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Nematode protection mechanisms to be elucidated
Certain nematodes cause great damage to crops and can be difficult to control. An improved understanding of nematodes' modes of action can contribute to developing efficient methods of control.
Nematodes can be both beneficial and harmful. They are beneficial in that they help decompose dead plants and animals in the soil, and kill certain plant-pathogenic insects. However, nematodes also have a dark side: They cause 10 percent of crop losses globally. Nematodes that attack plant roots are particularly problematic.
Now researchers from the Department of Agroecology at Aarhus University will delve into nematode larvaes’ secrets to see if they can find efficient, environmentally friendly control methods. This will be done in a new project that has been granted 2.9 million kroner from the Independent Research Fund Denmark.
One way to control the undesired nematodes is to treat their larvae with microorganisms that are harmful to the nematode larvae. This strategy has not met undivided success. However, the soil environment can be rough for young larvae, so how do they manage to survive?
The researchers’ hypothesis is that the answer can be found in the special combination of microorganisms – the so-called microbiome – that lives on the cuticle of the larvae.
The nematodes that the researchers are investigating spend most of their life cycle within the plant roots, except during a single larval stage, J2, during which they live freely in the soil. This J2 larva moves around in the soil and infects plants despite the fact that the environment, which includes a range of pathogenic bacteria, is very tough for the young larva.
A shield of microorganisms for protection
The researchers theorise that nematode larvae have a microbiome on their cuticle that protects them from attacks from soil pathogenic microorganisms.
- We want to investigate if there are specific key microorganisms on the surface of the nematodes that are independent of the soil that the larvae live in, and whether this microbiome protects the larvae or even helps them infect plant roots. We also want to investigate if this protection is reduced in soil environments with poor biological diversity, explains the leader of the new project, researcher Mette Vestergård from the Department of Agroecology.
The researchers will use the Northern rootknot nematode as their research object. This is a nematode that attacks a very wide range of crops in greenhouses and fields all over the world. The aim is to find out which microorganisms play a key role in the larvaes’ survival and ability to infect plants, and if conditions in the soil can be controlled to minimise the problem.
- Identification of J2-protective organisms can provide us with the specific knowledge that is needed to underpin new research in soil management strategies that aim to reduce the occurrence of these protective microorganisms and thereby promote the efficiency of biological control methods, says Mette Vestergård.
For more information please contact
Researcher Mette Vestergård, Department of Agroecology, email: email@example.com, telephone: +45 8715 8121 | <urn:uuid:7fa43d72-7f7c-4ad8-8c45-3114d79b5437> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dca.au.dk/en/current-news/news/show/artikel/nematode-protection-mechanisms-to-be-elucidated | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.929105 | 675 | 3.640625 | 4 |
As the technological juggernaut, the so-called Internet of Things, takes over our lives, what does this mean for how we buy and manage our hard-earned bucks?
The genie is out of the bottle and the world must adapt and adopt technologies even if they destroy the old to create new products, jobs and business models
Canadian Olympians have used more tech savvy in their training than ever before in an effort to refine tactics and win medals
Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., is making a name for itself in renewable energy as it works to diversify its economy to create jobs and a future for its residents
Computers may not wear suits and carry briefcases, but they know how to search for lawsuits online
While teens are flocking to Snapchat and millennials wrestle with Twitter’s new character counts, business leaders are migrating to this old-school network
Led by Microsoft's HoloLens, this nascent technology is already transforming big business, and Canadian talent is primed to play a key role
This week's highlights also include an update for Windows Subsystem for Linux and Dropbox Business enhancements
Instagram has about 300 million daily active users, about double what Snapchat and even more established rival Twitter see
Postmedia Network Inc. will open a digital lab this fall at the Communitech Hub, an industry centre that works with more than 1,000 tech companies and start-ups in Waterloo
The border tax proposal is part of a tax reform where businesses that rely on imported inputs would lose the ability to deduct their costs in computing their taxable income
In line with expectations and prior evidence, it's found phasing out coal was responsible for only very small changes in Ontario air pollution levels
Exclusive: Beginning Wednesday, Canada will be the first country to receive a new social chat platform within Google's YouTube app for iOS and Android
In the land of home ownership dreams, land transfer tax is a nightmare. Tim Hudak CEO of OREA told Financial Post that the land transfer tax in Toronto is hurting the housing supply.
Low-cost launches help wannabe entrepreneurs take small steps | <urn:uuid:713796a6-3a8b-441d-9101-8f5ee9258785> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://business.financialpost.com/category/executive/smart-shift/page/2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00561-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942688 | 424 | 1.609375 | 2 |
September 30, 2013
by Kahaliah Richards
Dr. Mirjan, of Mississauga, starts a blog about when (and if) wisdom teeth need to be removed. A simple explanation of the pros and cons.
Many people often ask the question: is wisdom teeth removalnecessary? Well, it might not be necessary if the teeth are healthy, fully grown, biting properly and positioned correctly. Also, they must be reachable when teeth are brushed daily, so they can be cleaned as part of a daily hygiene routine.
Most people today, however, are advised to remove their wisdom teeth, as early extraction will help to eliminate the problems associated with impacted wisdom teeth, the term “impacted” describes a tooth that cannot be fully seen in the mouth because it is covered by soft tissue or bone. This type of tooth may cause problems such as:
By the age of eighteen, the average adult has 32 teeth; 16 teeth on the top and 16 teeth on the bottom. The wisdom teeth, also known as the third molars, are the last teeth at the very back of the mouth. When these teeth align properly and gum tissue is healthy, wisdom teeth do not have to be removed. Unfortunately, this does not always happen.
The average mouth is made to hold only 28 teeth. It can be painful when 32 teeth try to fit in a mouth that holds only 28 teeth. This is why in many cases it is important to remove the wisdom teeth.
When wisdom teeth are prevented from properly erupting within the mouth, then wisdom teeth removal becomes necessary. Erupting wisdom teeth can grow at various angles in the jaw, sometimes even horizontally. They may partially emerge from the gum and even remain trapped (impacted) beneath the gum and bone, completely hidden and trapped within the jaw. Impacted teeth may take many positions in the bone as they attempt to find a pathway that will allow them to erupt successfully.
When a wisdom tooth is partially trapped under the gums, this increases the chance of bacterial infections. Partially erupted wisdom teeth can also impact other teeth causing damage to the surrounding tissue and bone.
As with any surgical procedure, there are some associated risks with the removal of wisdom teeth. Common to all surgical procedures is some pain and post-operative swelling. Application of ice packs for the first 2 days will help prevent these complications. Occasionally, the roots of the wisdom teeth contact are in close proximity to the nerve that supplies the lower jaw. During extraction, the nerve may be disturbed resulting in a numbness of the lower lip, tongue or gum tissue on the affected side. In most cases, this is a temporary situation. Appropriate pain medications may be prescribed to minimize discomfort.
The removal of wisdom teeth is much simpler for younger patients than older patients as roots are not yet fully developed and bone is not as dense. As well, younger patients tend to heal more rapidly. The healing potential is highest prior to the age of thirty. To make the right decision regarding the removal of wisdom teeth, a dentist will first find out its position and health and what is best for every particular case.
Dr. Mirjan, of Mississauga, Ontario, is an experienced dentist in family and cosmetic dentistry. Offering high quality, full service, oral health care serving West Mississauga, East Oakville and Milton. Find contact information at http://www.dralimirjan.com.
For more on this article visit: www.http://www.prweb.com/releases/2013/9/prweb11146552.htm. | <urn:uuid:37f0cb85-b36c-4e91-ac88-bdfa201cf2f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oralhealthgroup.com/blogs/how-to-make-an-informed-decision-to-remove-or-not-remove-wisdom-teeth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.94241 | 728 | 2.90625 | 3 |
The Princess and the Prophet
The Secret History of Magic, Race, and Moorish Muslims in America
- ISBN: 9780807067260
- Published By: Beacon Press
- Published: January 2020
The just-discovered story of how two enigmatic circus performers and the cultural ferment of the Gilded Age sparked the Black Muslim movement in America.
Delving into new archives and uncovering fascinating biographical narratives, secret rituals, and hidden identities, historian Jacob Dorman explains why thousands of Americans were enthralled by the Islamic Orient, and why some came to see Islam as a global antiracist movement uniquely suited to people of African descent in an era of European imperialism, Jim Crow segregation, and officially sanctioned racism.
The Princess and the Prophet tells the story of the Black Broadway performer who, among the world of Arabian acrobats and equestrians, Muslim fakirs, and Wild West shows, discovered in Islam a greater measure of freedom and dignity, and a rebuttal to the racism and parochialism of white America. Overturning the received wisdom that the prophet was born on the East Coast, Dorman has discovered that Noble Drew Ali was born Walter Brister in Kentucky. With the help of his wife, a former lion tamer and “Hindoo” magician herself, Brister renamed himself Prophet Noble Drew Ali and founded the predecessor of the Nation of Islam, the Moorish Science Temple of America, in the 1920s.
With an array of profitable businesses, the “Moors” built a nationwide following of thousands of dues-paying members, swung Chicago elections, and embedded themselves in Chicago’s dominant Republican political machine at the height of Prohibition racketeering, only to see their sect descend into infighting in 1929 that likely claimed the prophet’s life. This fascinating untold story reveals that cultures grow as much from imagination as inheritance, and that breaking down the artificial silos around various racial and religious cultures helps to understand not only America’s hidden past but also its polycultural present. | <urn:uuid:06f722b5-1f34-4e2d-889c-6d191963302f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://readingreligion.org/9780807067260/the-princess-and-the-prophet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.945771 | 432 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Please click here for the first post in this series.
In an article in MIT Sloan Management Review, supply chain academics and experts David Simchi-Levi, James Paul Peruvankal, Narendra Mulani and Bill Read offer up a number of hypotheses examining how global sourcing is changing. On Spend Matters, we have explored the authors’ second argument for a long time. As they word it, “Sourcing and production may need to move closer to demand.” Specifically, “as cheaper manufacturing costs are offset by higher transportation costs, it may be necessary to move more manufacturing and sourcing activities onshore. The merits of doing so can be determined by making total landed cost analyses that consider unit costs, transportation costs, inventory and handling costs, duties and taxation and the costs of finance.”
Yet we would add to this discussion that there are numerous additional arguments in favor moving sourcing and production closer to demand that can be incorporated into total cost and risk-based models. These include:
- Creating natural hedges against current volatility (sourcing locally and selling locally is the most fundamental hedge of all)
- Creating natural hedges against commodity volatility and avoiding negative arbitrage situations (commodity price points, as the MetalMiner IndXoften shows, can vary significantly in regional markets)
- Reducing inventory levels and associated carrying costs
- Reducing supply chain risk from potential supply disruptions based on distant, lower-tier suppliers that did not factor into higher-level risk analyses (e.g., not knowing specifically where tier 2, 3 and 4 production is occurring — and where alternatives exist)
The authors of the article do suggest, however, that three specific forces (transportation costs, labor costs and time-to-market pressures) have “inspired some companies to move manufacturing facilities from Asia to Mexico.” To wit, “Sharp, the Japanese TV manufacturer, for example, started moving its manufacturing facilities from Asia to Mexico as a way to be closer to customers in the Americas. This shift was driven by the need to keep shipping costs low and time to market short. With the prices of flat-screen TVs falling fast, executives realized that reducing shipping times from about 40 days (when flat-screen TVs were produced in Asia) to seven days (making the units in Mexico) would have a big impact on the bottom line.”
In our own work, we have seen numerous companies in industrial manufacturing make similar re-shoring decisions across metals categories: semi-finished products, stampings, forgings, machinings, etc. Yet the same logic holds across direct spend categories as well. Just make sure that there are lower tier suppliers locally to support regional production, lest the benefits of a localization move could go unrealized! | <urn:uuid:43820273-ac37-4fc7-ba32-6fc38555f500> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.enterpriseirregulars.com/49447/the-end-of-global-sourcing-as-we-know-it-the-mitsloan-view-part-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00249-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948374 | 566 | 1.734375 | 2 |
The Horrifying Truth About Avocados
Avocados are a truly spectacular food. Packed full of good fats, carotenoids, folate, and yes, even cancer-fighting nutrients, some have argued that the avocado could be the world’s most perfect food. Just a single bite of this creamy, earthy fruit (yes, it’s a fruit) and you’ll find it difficult to argue with this superlative.
If it seems too good to be true, you might just be right. I recently learned that like diamonds, avocados have a dark and bloody side that almost no one knows about.
The avocado tree is native to Mexico and Central America, so it comes as no surprise that this region still produces most of the world’s supply. In Western Mexico, “avocado farms occupy vast stretches of land, and the rows of low-growing trees resemble the olive gardens of southern Europe,” writes Jan-Albert Hootsen for Vocativ.com. This idyllic setting indicates nothing of the sinister side of the avocado trade, however.
In Michoacán, a state in western Mexico, the avocado is commonly referred to as oro verde, green gold, because it yields more cash than any other crop—including marijuana. And anytime there’s money to be made, corruption isn’t far behind.
“A drug cartel known as the Caballeros Templarios, the Knights Templar, has infiltrated the avocado sector, and now controls the local trade, from production to distribution,” writes Hootsen. “The cartel derived from an earlier group of drug traffickers known as La Familia Michoacana…Not content to traffic marijuana, cocaine and heroin, La Familia set up a variety of extortion rackets in Michoacán. The avocado business was one of them.” Now, farmers must deal with constant extortion, and the reality that The Templarios could take over their plantations and packing plants whenever they want.
The cartel always gets what it wants, both from the avocado farmers and the government bodies that are supposed to regulate them. Through bribes and the threat of violence, Templarios have gained access to official lists of farmers, how much land they cultivate, and how much they produce. This way, the criminals know exactly how much money to demand from the farmers.
“Every link in the avocado production chain is a cash cow for the cartel, from the quadrilleros, or pickers (whose employment agencies are forced to pay $3.50 per worker per day), to those who buy, develop and sell plantations,” writes Hootsen. “The extortion racket is lucrative. In some municipalities, the estimated proceeds come to $3 million per year.”
The truly horrifying part is that unlike drugs and human trafficking (the other favorite pastimes of the cartel) we are all culpable. More than 80 percent of Michoacán’s avocados are exported to the United States. That means every time we crack open one of these precious green fruits, every time we dip a chip into a bowl of guacamole, we’re helping to fuel the cartel’s violent takeover of the avocado industry in Mexico.
The only way to avoid being part of this vicious cycle is to seek out domestically grown avocados, such as those from California, and to support farmers’ rights around the world.
Image via Thinkstock | <urn:uuid:f8e240ba-fcd7-4b3e-a814-a948c3251964> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.care2.com/greenliving/the-horrifying-truth-about-avocados.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00019-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935677 | 727 | 2.0625 | 2 |
In lisp, macros are like special sub-languages that compile into lisp.
Backquote compilation is easily handled by cogen. It appears that at
least the matching and rebuilding features of
appendix to [r4rs]) can be implemented efficiently with cogen.
How does cogen's variable renaming relate to hygenic macros?
There are several typical ways of extending lisp: allowing the user to define new procedures, allowing the user to define new syntax with macros, allowing the user to define new lexers with read macros. Cogen is like allowing the user to define new `evals'.
CLOS uses `mutable' reified structures, allowing the user to customize the language [MOP]. Cogen allows the creation of new languages, with whatever properties the user needs. See also [open-comp]. | <urn:uuid:85d5e05e-64ad-43d2-8a4f-aa671d8ee601> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~spot/nitrous/lisp.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00281-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.892775 | 175 | 2 | 2 |
By Hans von Spakovsky, The Daily Signal
Beginning in 1478, the Spanish Inquisition systematically silenced any citizen who held views that did not align with the king’s. Using the powerful arm of the government, the grand inquisitor, Tomas de Torquemada, and his henchmen sought out all those who held religious, scientific, or moral views that conflicted with the monarch’s, punishing the “heretics” with jail sentences; property confiscation; fines; and in severe cases, torture and execution.
One of the lasting results of the Spanish Inquisition was a stifling of speech, thought, and scientific debate throughout Spain. By treating one set of scientific views as absolute, infallible, and above critique, Spain silenced many brilliant individuals and stopped the development of new ideas and technological innovations. Spain became a scientific backwater.
As an old adage says, those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. So we now have a new inquisition underway in America in the 21st century—something that would have seemed unimaginable not too long ago.
Treating climate change as an absolute, unassailable fact, instead of what it is—an unproven, controversial scientific theory—a group of state attorneys general have announced that they will be targeting any companies that challenge the catastrophic climate change religion. | <urn:uuid:e1b58233-ae58-4a30-806d-02bd6837e2ac> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.globalclimatescam.com/al-gore/16-democrat-ags-begin-inquisition-against-climate-change-disbelievers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00216-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944817 | 277 | 2.28125 | 2 |
There is a lot to be thankful for in 2012. The Sustainable Prosperity Project, which Worldwatch began in 2011 as an effort to help shape the Rio+20 summit this past June, has had a number of successes in mapping out key elements of sustainable prosperity, from what the green economy would look like to how to degrow overdeveloped economies, from how corporations should look in the future to how to reform local and international governance. While this project will now come to a close, hopefully you’ll find the ideas generated during this year–discussed in detail in State of the World 2012, in news articles stemming from the report, and the Sustainable Prosperity blog–useful in coming years.
But before this project closes, we do want to list some of the successes of the year. First of course, were the many opportunities to discuss our research, at the Rio+20 conference, at the Stockholm+40 briefings in Sweden, through the help of partners in Milan, Copenhagen, Helsinki, Washington, Berlin, São Paulo, and in fora like the International Degrowth Conference. Through these we talked directly with policymakers like the German Science and Technology minister, the Finnish Environmental Minister, and the former environmental minister of Brazil, Marina Silva.
Second were the opportunities to share our report findings in other languages. Thanks go to our partners in producing translations of the report in over a dozen languages including Portuguese, Spanish, German, Korean, Japanese, Finnish, French, Italian, and Taiwanese. Third, were the many opportunities to spread our message in the media: an excellent series in CSRWire, several strong op-eds including one on economic and environmental prosperity and one on biodiversity in IPS and one on economic degrowth in (of all places) the Wall Street Journal. Needless to say, the comments on that op-ed weren’t all that positive!
And let's not forget the most important offering of our gratitude–to the Earth for sustaining our burgeoning human population for another year.
We also want to lay out our many thanks. Our gratitude, first and foremost, goes to the Ford Foundation who made this project possible. Not only did it provide the generous support that made the activities around the book possible, but a number of chapters drew directly from a series of “White Papers” commissioned by Senior Program Officer Don Chen for the Rio+20 conference. We also thank others who have collaborated with us—our publishing partners, the authors of the many report and blog articles, Sustainable Prosperity Project Fellow Antonia Sohns, and research interns Alison Singer and Tucker Hirsch. Thanks to everyone for all your help!
While this blog will now wrap up, we will of course keep this website live, with videos, discussion guide, blog archives, and as a special year end gift, two additional chapters available free for download. You can now read Worldwatch President Robert Engelman’s chapter “Nine Population Strategies to Stop Short of 9 Billion,” and Worldwatch Institute-Europe Director Bo Normander’s chapter “Biodiversity: Combating the Sixth Mass Extinction.” We hope you enjoy both of these chapters if you haven’t read them already!
Thanks for reading the Sustainable Prosperity blog this year and get ready for Worldwatch’s new blog, “Is Sustainability Still Possible?,” which will replace this and the Transforming Cultures blog. The new blog will continue to offer positive visions of how to transform cultures, economies and societies to get to truly sustainable prosperity. But it will also provide a new element, namely how to prepare for a disruptive ecological transition, which every year gets a bit more probable as we dilly-dally with implementing the solutions we know we need to pursue. The new blog will be available here—starting in 2013. Thanks for reading!
–Erik Assadourian and Michael Renner, Sustainable Prosperity Project Directors | <urn:uuid:4d864ebb-0b8f-4451-85cb-10bd680ad594> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogs.worldwatch.org/offering-thanks-at-the-end-of-2012/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00317-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931676 | 804 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Around this time, the first print magazines covering the Amiga platform were starting to appear. The first such magazine was called Amiga World, started by publisher IDG. The premiere issue of the bimonthly magazine reached store shelves in late 1985, and featured the new Amiga 1000 on the cover.
For the second issue, Amiga World tracked down Andy Warhol, who had been one of the stars of the Amiga unveiling. Warhol was an enigmatic personality who ran a magazine called Interview, yet refused to give interviews himself. After brusquely turning down the Amiga World reporter's request for an interview, Warhol retreated to his office upstairs. The undaunted reporter followed Warhol into his office, and while the iconic artist began painting pictures on his Amiga 1000, the journalist started asking him questions anyway.
Andy Warhol on the cover of Amiga World
Image courtesy Amiga History Guide
"Do you like the Amiga? What do you like about it?" the reporter asked.
"I love it. I like it because it looks like my work."
"Do you think it will push the artists?
"That's the best part about it. I guess you can... An artist can really do the whole thing. Actually, he can make a film with everything on it, music and sound and art... everything."
"Why haven't you used computers before?"
"Oh, I don't know, MIT called me for about ten years or so, but I just never went up... maybe it was Yale."
"You just never thought it was interesting enough?"
"Oh no, I did, uh, it's just that, well, this one was so much more advanced than the others."
Warhol was a genius at self-promotion, but his "interview" showed genuine enthusiasm for the Amiga computer. He expressed frustration at not having a color printer yet and talked about how cool it would be to have a graphics tablet and stylus to replace the mouse. These products were all in development, but Warhol wanted them now.
Celebrity endorsements were hardly new in the computer field, but here was something different: a celebrity artist who was a genuine user and enthusiast for the platform. Here was a market—albeit a small one—that could potentially be nurtured.
Repositioning the Amiga
Commodore marketing had positioned the Amiga 1000 as a business machine to compete directly with the IBM PC and its countless clones. This was probably not the best idea.
The average businessman is—let's face it—slow, stodgy, and a bit boring. They are often the last to adopt any new technology unless it can make a clear case for increasing the bottom line. A computer that could print dynamic 3D charts and graphs in color was not going to be useful to a businessman unless there was a whole supporting infrastructure around it: color printers, color overhead display panels, business presentation software, and so forth. This was not the case in 1986.
Thomas Rattigan didn't believe that the business market was the best place to try and sell the Amiga. "I think the price confused a lot of people," he said in a 1987 interview. "People seem to think that home systems are under $1,000 and business systems are over $1,000. I don't think the higher-end Amiga is going to go into accounting departments, but I do think it is going to go into areas where there is a degree of creativity, if you will." In this prediction Rattigan was bang-on.
Rattigan believed that the best strategy was to split the Amiga 1000 into two products: a low-end model to take on the huge home market that had been dominated by the Commodore 64, and a high-end computer that would appeal to graphic artists—like Andy Warhol—who were interested in expanding their system. | <urn:uuid:6bab9617-6319-4112-b8ee-8b52d7e1647a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2008/02/amiga-history-part-6/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00093-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982969 | 805 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Participants and spectators are reminded to protect their eyes and skin
from dangerous UV rays on and off the field
PINELLAS PARK, Fla., July 29 /PRNewswire/ -- For many people the summer season is an eagerly awaited time to enjoy outdoor sports and activities. However, many forget to protect their eyes from invisible ultraviolet (UV) rays. Most people who practice outdoor sports -- particularly in the summer -- are conscious of the need to use sunblock to protect the skin, but few are aware that the eyes are at risk from the sun's damaging radiation.
Unprotected eyes are subject to numerous eye health issues, such as cataracts, Pterygium, and macular degeneration. UV rays have a cumulative effect, so when spending time outdoors it is important to take the proper precautions to protect the eyes.
"Although many people are careful when protecting their skin from the UV rays, it surprises me to see that very few extend that care to their eyes," said Dr. Madeline Romeu, O.D., F.A.A.O. "I recommend that all my patients who wear prescription lenses and spend time outdoors consider photochromics, such as Transitions(R) lenses."
Clear indoors, Transitions lenses automatically adjust to sunglass-dark to block 100 percent of UV rays and reduce painful and eye fatigue. Available in the widest range of lens designs and materials, including shatter-resistant polycarbonate, Transitions lenses are ideal for athletes and sports enthusiasts alike.
"Many summer sports require spending extended periods of time outdoors, participants and spectators are subject to long hours of sun exposure, which place the eyes at great risk for damage," added Dr. Romeu. "Protecting your eyes today and everyday will help maintain long-term healthy sight and wellness."
Dr. Romeu offers recommendations that will help ensure healthy sight year round:
-- Schedule regular visits to your local eyecare professional
-- Before going outdoors for an extended period of time, be sure to check the UV index in your area
-- Consider photochromics, like Transitions lenses to block 100 percent
of UVA/UVB rays
-- Do not smoke
-- Drink eight to ten glasses of water daily to hydrate your body and eyes
-- Maintain a balanced diet
About Transitions Optical, Inc.
Transitions Optical is a joint venture of PPG Industries, Inc. and Essilor International. The first to successfully commercialize a plastic photochromic lens in 1990, today the company is a leading provider of photochromics to optical manufacturers worldwide. Transitions Optical offers the most advanced photochromic technology in the widest selection of lens designs, materials and brand names.
Transitions(R) lenses are the ideal everyday choice for healthy sight. They are clear indoors and at night. Outdoors, they automatically darken as light conditions change. Transitions lenses provide visual comfort, and enhance visual quality by reducing glare and enhancing contrast, helping you to see better today. Transitions lenses block 100 percent of harmful UVA and UVB rays -- helping to protect the health and wellness of your eyes -- so you can see better tomorrow as well.
For more information about the company and Transitions lenses, the first to earn the American Optometric Association's Seal of Acceptance for Ultraviolet Absorbers/Blockers, visit http://www.Transitions.com or contact Transitions Optical Customer Service at (800) 848-1506 (United States) or (877) 254-2590 (Canada).
|SOURCE Transitions Optical, Inc.|
Copyright©2008 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved | <urn:uuid:f8943fb4-5286-4365-94de-425b7eec8abe> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news-1/Transitions-Optical-Offers-Tips-on-How-to-Protect-Eyes-for-Outdoor-Sports-Fans-24516-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00157-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917324 | 751 | 2.15625 | 2 |
When terror strikes, we must be resolute and focused
23 May 2017
As I write this article on the morning after the appalling terror attack at the Manchester Arena, my CST colleagues and I are keenly aware that we do not know what the coming hours, days and weeks will bring.
What we already know is bad enough. 22 dead and this will inevitably include children. Over 50 injured, some no doubt on the brink of life or death. Will there be further attacks? The truth is that nobody can say for sure, but we cannot assume that this was the only bomb. Nor can we assume that the terrorist was the person who built it.
It is deeply shocking, but it isn’t new. We have all seen the terrorist attacks across Europe in recent years, including those targeting Jewish communities. When CST was established in 1994, 85 people were murdered in a truck bombing at the main Jewish community building in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Shortly after, there were the car bomb attacks in London, against the Israeli Embassy and Balfour House. This is an enduring problem.
In recent years we have, perhaps, become somewhat desensitised to what it actually means when so many people are arrested on terrorism charges, as has been happening here in Britain. Sometimes, it feels like barely a week passes without news of such arrests and plots foiled.
At CST, we know what the overseas attacks, the threats and the British arrests mean. We know what the consequences can be if, just once, the terrorist escapes the attention of our extremely professional Police and security services. That risk is why we work so closely with the entire British Jewish community in helping to ensure that appropriate security measures are in place. Our intention is to protect our community and to provide reassurance. Importantly, we are also enabling men and women to play their part in that communal security effort.
Moving forward, as media attention turns to those who have lost loved ones, the pain of what has happened will be dreadful to witness. CST’s staff and volunteers will continue to do our utmost, working throughout our communities, and in close partnership with Police and Government.
This problem is going to persist for the foreseeable future. Our community needs to be resolute and focused. We ask that you are calm but vigilant, and that you play your part by supporting our security efforts, by joining your local security team, and by reporting both anti-Semitic incidents and suspicious activities. Thank you.
[Image: Manchester Town Hall by Mark Andrew]
21 July 2022
14 April 2022
2 March 2022 | <urn:uuid:99ba8ae0-18af-4a39-acfb-e8ae78827b44> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cst.org.uk/news/blog/2017/05/23/when-terror-strikes-we-must-be-resolute-and-focused | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.97385 | 533 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Many of the best universities in the world remained off-limits for women until the last century.
Despite regrettably low numbers of women studying science, engineering and other subjects, many universities are well on their way to achieving parity in the numbers of male and female students.
The Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2015-16 reveal the best universities in the world. Among the top 200 world-leading institutions, eight have an even split between men and women.
Gender ratio is just one indication of a university’s environment, but here are the best institutions championing equality, at least numerically.
Note: Not everyone identifies as one of “male” or “female”. Data about gender of students were supplied by universities.
Johns Hopkins University, Maryland, US [Ranked #11]
A pioneering university since its founding in 1876, Johns Hopkins University was open to educating women since its first year, but only formally admitted women for degrees 13 years later.
The daughters of the university trustees raised money for Hopkins’ now-renowned medical school on the condition that it admitted women, which it did upon opening in 1893.
Johns Hopkins University makes it into the top 15 world-leading universities most years, and has never been ranked lower than seventh for clinical and health degrees in the past five years.
Yale University, Connecticut, US [Ranked #12]
Yale University is the only Ivy League institution to have achieved a 50:50 gender split among its students. Although the graduate school admitted women as early as 1892, the first female undergraduate enrolled only 46 years ago.
The Yale University Women’s Organization was in fact founded four years before female undergraduates joined their older sisters. The society now runs three lecture series and a variety of social events throughout the year.
But an even gender split does not necessarily create a good environment on campus.
In 1980, Yale was rocked by a lawsuit which brought charges against the university for failing to deal with sexual assault and discrimination against women.
Unfortunately, like at many other institutions, complaints persist to this day, and the university set up a steering committee to address concerns in 2011.
University of California, Berkeley, US [Ranked #13]
Commonly regarded as the best public university in the US, UC Berkeley has had a reputation for progressive politics and activism since the 1960s.
In 1871, just three years after the university opened, the board declared that women should be admitted on an equal basis with men. When the university relocated to a permanent campus two years later, 57 per cent of the student population were female.
UC Berkeley was in the top 10 universities in the
world for more than five years, and has slipped only a few places in the 2015-16 THE World University Rankings, to position 13.
Each year in March, the Gender Equity Resource Center organises Women’s History and Empowerment Month, and a performance of The Vagina Monologues.
University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia [Ranked #109]
The University of Western Australia has been steadily climbing the rankings for years, almost breaking into the top 100 in 2015-16.
In addition to achieving equal numbers of male and female students across the board, the university claims a notable female pioneer as an alumnus. Carmen Lawrence, who graduated in 1968, was the first female premier of an Australian state when she took up the role of premier of Western Australia in 1990.
The university is also committed to promoting women’s university sports teams, not only in Australia but internationally. This forms an integral part of the Indian Rim Asian University Games, founded by UWA.
University of Miami, Florida, US [Ranked #161]
In 1925, the University of Miami was founded as a co-educational institution for white men and women, supplementing Florida A&M University – the co-educational university for black students that already existed.
Until 1971, a separate dean of women regulated the behaviour of female students, applying stricter regulations to the women than the men.
Thankfully, both racial segregation and institutionalised differences in the treatment of male and female students are a thing of the past. Most university dormitories are now co-ed, and women’s sports teams are extremely popular.
Arizona State University, US [Ranked #189]
Well-known for its innovation, Arizona State University started life as a teacher-training college.
Courses on offer now range across the arts and sciences, and the law school is named after Sandra Day O’Connor – the first woman appointed to the US Supreme Court.
University of Luxembourg, Europe [Ranked #193]
The University of Luxembourg is the youngest university on the list and the only representative from mainland Europe.
Only 12 years old, it has not only achieved gender parity, but also made it into the top 200 universities in the world.
In part this is due to its international focus, attracting students from all over the world and encouraging domestic students to travel abroad for short-term opportunities.
Newcastle University, UK [Ranked #196]
One of the UK’s redbrick universities, Newcastle University was one of the first in the country to enrol female medical students in 1894.
Its reputation as a research-intensive university attracts academics and students from more than 120 countries.
The university pays particular attention to gender equality in science subjects and has achieved Athena SWAN status, a charter that recognises positive environment and opportunities for women in science and technology subjects. | <urn:uuid:5eb9886e-7272-4c06-9d5f-b0f49bd6b883> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/news/eight-world-leading-universities-5050-gender-balance | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.954544 | 1,148 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Services for Children
The term “homeless” brings up a variety of images in people’s minds. Maybe you think of the scary guy hanging out near the railroad tracks, or a pile of trash left behind after an illegal camper moves on. Unfortunately, for people who work or live at COI, the term is more likely to bring up the image of a child’s face, as one third of our residents are children.
Children who experience instability and homelessness are more likely to struggle to be emotionally, socially, and scholastically successful in school. Through programs such as Sunflower Transformational Housing, Mari’s Place nature-based childcare, and the Child Support Specialist, COI ensures that all of the needs of children and their families will be met, ultimately improving family dynamics through skill building and encouraging stability. When the family dynamics show improvement, the children are calmer and less stressed, which encourages more success in both the parents and the children. | <urn:uuid:8d145b0f-fbc3-49ec-b952-52983f2dcc79> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://communityoutreachinc.org/wordpress/children/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.964756 | 201 | 1.984375 | 2 |
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Hydraulic fracturing protestors rallied on Courthouse Square in Warren Monday.
The group Don’t Frack Ohio organized the protest that drew dozens of anti-fracking groups from all over the state.
Organizers said they want to make people aware about injection wells, in which fracking waste is stored.
‘They are pumping it at high pressures under the ground,” said protest organizer John Williams. “I don’t know where they think these toxins are going to go, but they got to go somewhere.”
Williams said he is upset that state officials have over-ridden Niles and Weathersfield Township ordinances passed last year that bans injection wells in their areas.
“Basically we are here today to ask people to get off the couch, back their elected officials,” Williams said. “Their local elected officials know they’ve done the right thing, back them, and if need be, get behind them.”
Rebecca Moore is concerned about the effect fracking has on well water in her neighborhood. She brought her children along to the rally as a teaching tool.
“Part of it is education, learning how we need to support the environment and support our communities, and this is something that affects everybody,” said Moore. “I wanted them to be part of this.”
Supporters of fracking were also at the rally, stationed directly across from the protesters. Local labor unions believe protesters are misinformed saying oil and gas companies go two to three steps above state regulations. They also touted the job opportunities that come with industry.
“Where the oil and gas industry is taking place are areas that primarily had the highest rate of unemployment. Now, they are saying they have the lowest,” said Michael Bertolone, IUOE Local 18. “We see the economic impact it has and the jobs it creates.”
State Representative Sean O’Brien said Ohio has the toughest laws on the books when it comes to fracking and the state punishes those who break the law.
“There are bad actors out there but with the monitoring that we have now, the response from ODNR, when we see this happen and find out about it, we can respond quickly and get it solved.,” said O’Brien.
After the rally in Warren, about 50 anti fracking demonstrators made their way to Newton Township. They protested at an injection well on Route 5. State troopers were called to the scene but made no arrests since the demonstrators were not blocking the road. | <urn:uuid:d0bb8dd3-d7e0-4841-90eb-30c8299b2467> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://wkbn.com/2013/07/29/fracking-protests-set/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719908.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00158-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962307 | 656 | 1.609375 | 2 |
What do these apparent analogies of design in nature mean? Are they really analogues and how do they relate to the popular watchmaker argument?
William Paley’s Watchmaker Argument1
British natural theologian William Paley (1743-1805) is famous for his so-called watchmaker argument. Paley argued that in contrast to a stone, a watch found on a remote path implies a watchmaker. Unlike the stone, the watch could not be constructed by the forces of nature. Paley further argued that organisms are similar to a watch in complexity (in fact, more complex); therefore, a Divine Designer can be inferred. (See here for more details about William Paley and his watchmaker argument.)
A contemporary of Paley, Scottish philosopher David Hume (1711-1776) offered several criticisms of Paley’s argument. In Hume’s estimation, the analogical argument between organisms and a watch was weak. Hume argued that the objects being compared (living organisms and a watch) were too dissimilar to constitute a good analogy; therefore, Paley’s argument would not stand. (See here and here for more information on David Hume and his objections to the design argument.)
Modern critics have added further reasons for doubting the legitimacy of the watchmaker argument. B. C. Johnson has argued that Paley did not use a strict-enough criterion for identifying design. For Paley, design was evident when a system contained several parts “framed and put together for a purpose.” Johnson, in contrast, says “we can identify a thing as designed, even when we do not know its purpose, only if it resembles the things we make to express our purposes.”2
Logician Patrick J. Hurley demonstrates the appropriate use of analogy. To build a strong analogy, Hurley reasons that one must find sufficiently numerous and relevant attributes in both halves of the analogy to establish an analogical relationship that supports the conclusion drawn. An analogy is more firmly established when the analogous systems are diverse and abundant.3
Have these criteria been established in the examples considered in this series?
As an engineer I would submit these reasons in arguing for an undeniable “yes”:
- the genetic system is, by any objective standard, an information-processing system in the same way that our modern communication systems are;
- the genetic information-processing system uses discrete, symbolic alphabets and sequences just as our modern digital communication systems do;
- numerous and diverse analogies directly resemble our own designs in information-processing and error-control coding;
- we have found these analogies to be strict and robust between the domains— analogies that highlight techniques that are aimed to minimize errors and maximize information transfer;
- we have seen analogies of Gray codes, parity codes, and even feedback control systems (see here);
- the genetic code has been found to be highly optimized, literally one-in-a-million in terms of its error-minimization capacities, and the very same code simultaneously conforms to a specific and unique mathematical structure that enables, in addition, the existence of code(s) operating along the DNA strands;
- statistical studies of actual DNA reveal a signature that further suggests that codes similar to the parity code may well be in operation along the DNA strands.
Thus, twenty-first century insight into the genetic system has helped settle the centuries-old debate. The analogies discussed meet the objections raised and standards set by Hume, Johnson, and Hurley. Paley’s watchmaker argument is indeed reinvigorated with this new and powerful evidence coming from the intersection of molecular biology and information theory.
This evidence buttresses the divine design component of RTB’s creation model and finds a comfortable spot within the worldview of Christian theism.
Keith McPherson received his Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology in 1993, and currently works as an electrical engineer in Melbourne, FL, in the fields of communications and signal processing.
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Mayan carvings at La Corona: The 1,300-year-old inscription is described as one of the most significant hieroglyphic finds in decades
Archaeologists working at the La Corona dig site in Guatemala have discovered a 1,300-year-old-year Maya text that provides only the second known reference to the so-called ‘end date’ of the Maya calendar.
Inscriptions on Mayan tablets found in temples such as Tortuguero refer to 'the end' - and many internet conspiracy theories have predicted our world will be swallowed by a black hole, hit by an asteroid or devoured by ancient gods.
Cults have gathered in the tiny French village called Bugarach where they hope to survive the apocalypse.
Hundreds of books have been published on the subject since the Seventies, predicting Earth's demise at the hands of a mysterious planet Nibiru, or a black hole.
'The story started with claims that Nibiru, a supposed planet discovered by the Sumerians, is headed toward Earth,' says Nasa, 'These fables were linked to the end of one of the cycles in the ancient Mayan calendar at the winter solstice in 2012.'
But many ethnic Mayans dismiss the apocalyptic predictions as largely a Western idea.
Rather than the end of time itself, the inscriptions refer to the start of a new era.
The 'apocalypse' refers to the end of a cycle of 5,125 years since the beginning of the Mayan Long Count calendar in 3113 B.C. | <urn:uuid:4212ee7c-6566-482d-b0f9-86bccc65da7b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.scoop.it/t/bugarach/p/2129382897/2012/07/08/second-inscription-carved-into-stone-staircase-confirms-end-date-of-mayan-calendar-december-21-2012 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718296.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00539-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943805 | 319 | 2.84375 | 3 |
As Woodlots Program Manager, Monica organizes quarterly gatherings and educational opportunities for woodlots program members and seeks to expand the program into additional CHC towns. She is also capturing the inner workings of the program into a toolkit that can be used by other organizations wishing to engage landowners in landscape-scale stewardship.
Monica has always sought to combine scientific research with community education. She spent five years with Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department’s Community Wildlife Program, and she has also worked as a park ranger in Yosemite National Park, coordinated community-based planning, citizen science, and educational activities in a Staying Connected Initiative wildlife corridor, taught science courses at the Community College of Vermont, acted as Stewardship Coordinator for the Upper Valley Land Trust, and taught kids at an outdoor science school. She has an M.S. in Botany through the University of Vermont’s Field Naturalist Program and a B. A. in Biology from Lewis & Clark College.
Natural habitat: A creature of forests and mountains, Monica loves to explore. Nothing makes her happier than visiting special places with those willing to share stories, knowledge, or a new perspective. She can also be found searching for swimming holes with her two daughters, playing board games, or making music.
Conservation Science & Admin. Coordinator
Sophie manages CHC's wildlife tracking programs, which engage our community members in monitoring local wildlife through tracks, sign and trail camera photos. This program offers an opportunity to connect more deeply with often-elusive wildlife and collect data that informs our conservation work.
Sophie brings a diverse work history of program management, citizen science coordination, and nature education. She earned a B.S. in Environmental Science from McGill University then pursued work as a park naturalist in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, before moving to Vermont to study in the Field Naturalist Program at UVM. Following that she managed education programs at Green Mountain Audubon Center in Huntington, then Crow's Path Field School in Burlington. In 2015, she initiated the Burlington VT Mammal Tracking Project to track core habitat and wildlife corridors in our state's most urban region. She has also contributed to the Seattle Urban Carnivore Project and Conservation Northwest's Community Wildlife Monitoring Program in the Central Cascades, and she oversees a nonprofit dedicated to the training and certification of wildlife trackers across North America.
Natural habitat: On a wildlife trail or quietly observing at her 'sit spot' in the woods. Sophie is also drawn to the water, so you might find her canoeing, windsurfing, swimming, or skating across pond ice. The northeastern forests feel most like home, but she's also drawn to the Pacific Northwest and guides wildlife trips in the Rockies.
President & Co-founder, Montgomery
Charlie is a consulting forester and conservationist at North Woods Forestry, working with private landowners and nonprofits across northern Vermont. Charlie received undergraduate degrees in Forestry and Recreation Management from the School of Natural Resources at the University of Vermont. Prior to taking over North Woods Forestry in 2007, Charlie worked as an operations forester with Upland Forestry and the Lyme Timber Co. in the Adirondack region of New York.
In addition to his work at North Woods Forestry, Charlie is Co-Founder and President of CHC. Charlie has also served as chairman of the Montgomery Selectboard since 2016 and sits on the Vermont Land Trust Board of Trustees, the Vermont Natural Resource Council Board of Directors, and as vice-chair of the State of Vermont’s Working Lands Enterprise Board.
Natural Habitat: Somewhere in the woods, decked out with an orange vest, flecked with blue tree marking paint, accompanied by two dogs, and continually in awe of how lucky we are to call this place home.
Vice President & Co-founder, Westford
As Co-Founder and Vice President of CHC, Nancy brings a vision for the future of the Northern Forest to the CHC region. Her work as a community organizer and County Forester for the VT Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation helps connect the people in CHC’s seven town region with the science of conservation and ecological forest management. Nancy's mantra has become CHC’s motto:
You only see what you know, love what you see, and protect what you love.
Nancy has spent her lifetime working and learning about the forests of New England and other parts of the world. She has been a practicing forester since 1985 when she graduated with a B.S in Forestry from UVM. Nancy has since obtained an M.A in Curriculum Development from UVM and a M.S. in Plant and Soil Science from Texas A&M-Kingsville. She serves on the Board of Two Countries, One Forest and on the steering committee for the Champlain-Adirondack Biosphere network. Her past experience includes work as a consulting forester, an educator, and as a Peace Corps volunteer.
Natural Habitat: The forest is always the place of recovery, restoration, and inspiration for Nancy. Non-destination roaming is Nancy's greatest pleasure; what she calls zen walking. Her property in Enosburgh was one of the first places permanently conserved along with her neighbors through CHC efforts. She now walks behind her new land in Westford, VT where there are 7,000 acres of unfragmented forest.
Everett was a successful technology entrepreneur and mad scientist but is failing at retirement. In addition to serving on the CHC Board of Directors, he is a member of the Montgomery Woodlots group and Northwest Communications Union District. He lives in the middle of a conserved forest in Montgomery.
Natural habitat: Everett can be found working in his forest, gazing at Big Jay mountain from his meadow, or deep in the recesses of the wine cellar.
Jessica is the owner and operator of Hi Vue Maples, a multi-generational maple sugaring farm in Richford. The farmland is conserved, certified bird-friendly by Audubon, and part of CHC’s Forest Carbon Aggregation project. Jessica also works full-time in the dairy industry for the Vermont Dairy Herd Improvement Association and is the Commander of the Richford American Legion Post #12.
Natural habitat: Jessica enjoys tending to her mini-farm, which includes a mini-horse, mini-donkey, alpacas, bees, chickens, plus miscellaneous other critters.
Sarah is a retired agriculture/natural resource teacher. She taught at the Cold Hollow Career Center for most of her career. Her free time is spent outdoors in the woods, walking, biking or skiing. In addition she has extensive gardens, which makes the birds and bees happy.
Natural habitat: She lives on a hill farm in West Enosburgh with her husband, Steve Wadsworth. Her son sugars and logs in their woods.
Jenny grew up in South Richford, where she developed a deep appreciation for Vermont’s mountainous landscape. She put roots down at the foot of Mount Mansfield in Underhill several years ago after traveling throughout her 20s. Jenny is a registered nurse both at UVM Medical Center and Johnson Elementary School. Her work continues to inform her of the importance of intact forests. Beyond the physical and mental health benefits that recreating in a forest provides, the ecosystem services of clean air, clean water, and carbon storage are imperative to human health.
Natural habitat: Jenny enjoys getting into the mountains by biking, hiking, skiing, or watching birds and wildlife around her home, often with a camera in hand.
In addition to serving as a CHC Board member, Greg also participates in CHC's Woodlots and Keeping Track programs, and volunteers for CHC's collaborator the Missisquoi River Basin Association. A former professor of environmental studies, his work continues as an activist and scientist. Topics include the intrinsic and instrumental value of diversity and equality in nature and society, the fundamental conflict between economic growth and ecological health, and the roles that various types of organization have to play in making progress toward a better future. Greg has a B. A. in International Affairs from Trinity University, as well as an M. S. in Ecology and Evolution and a Ph.D. in Conceptual Foundations of Science, both from the University of Chicago.
Natural habitat: Woods in two ecoregions – the Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition and the New England-Acadian forest – and a city in a third, the Eastern Great Lakes lowland forests.
Renee is co-owner of Phoenix Books (with her husband Mike DeSanto). She is fortunate to own 280 acres of land in Bakersfield, where she is a member of the CHC Woodlots group. Having grown up with a real estate developer father in the Washington, DC area, Renee was eager to conserve her property with the Vermont Land Trust. Renee is glad to be a board member of CHC, where she hopes that her master’s degree in Community Economic Development will prove helpful.
Natural habitat: Renee is happy traipsing about out of doors in all seasons, flanked by her two dogs. This activity is made better when she is joined by friends and additional canines.
Originally from a little farm in rural Virginia, Carissa traveled place-to-place in the military while serving as a Weather Forecaster until 2009, after which she went to college in Bozeman, Montana for Rangeland Ecology. In 2014, she took residence in Vermont and happily found herself back in agrarian culture while working for farmers at the Natural Resources Conservation Service through December 2021. Her hope is to serve the dynamic community with evolving balance and connection. Carissa is also serving as the Chair of the Montgomery Conservation Commission and as a Board member for the Natural Resources Conservation District.
Natural habitat: Carissa resides on a forested hillside in Montgomery, where she strives to learn from the land and all that inhabit it. Her joy is derived by creating reciprocity with nature. | <urn:uuid:a0b5ff94-c973-412f-9132-565a96968e2a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.coldhollowtocanada.org/about/team | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.95366 | 2,140 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Air-rail Links in Japan Today
During 1998, in many different parts of the world, getting to the airport became easier due to construction of new air-rail links (ARLs). Three airports: Hong Kong International Airport at Chek Lap Kok, Copenhagen Airport at Kastrup, and Oslo International Airport at Gardermoen, opened their first ARLs, while two other airports: London Heathrow and Haneda Airport in Tokyo each gained a second rail link. 1998 was one of the best years ever for ARL construction and 47 airports worldwide now offer rail access to the cities they serve.
Tokyo's Haneda Airport (HND) was built on Tokyo Bay, 14 km south of the heart of the metropolis. When the Alweg-type (straddle-beam) monorail began linking the airport to downtown in September 1964, Haneda was Japan's gateway for international passengers. The Tokyo Monorail, Japan's first ARL, symbolized the start of the nation's high-growth period, after the post-war chaos and long process of recovery. The timing of the monorail's inauguration was opportune because the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games started 1 month later. The Alweg-type of monorail had been developed by a Swede, Dr Axel Leonard Wenner-Gren in West Germany in 1952, but its first practical application was in Tokyo. Straddling a single beam, the train took advantage of a unique system never seen before in railway history.
The Tokyo Monorail was the world's fourth major ARL, and the first built outside Europe. The first three, all conventional railways, were built to serve Brussels (1955), London's Gatwick (1958) and Berlin's Schönefeld (1962).
Before the monorail started running, and for some years afterward, Haneda was Tokyo's only airport. In 1965, the year after the monorail was opened, the airport was used by about 3 million domestic and 860,000 international passengers. In the same year, the monorail carried about 2.74 million people, including some non-flying passengers who used it as a transit system. In 1978, airline traffic in Japan grew to such an extent that a new airport serving Tokyo was opened for international flights. This was the New Tokyo International Airport at Narita. Haneda basically became Tokyo's domestic airport, but passenger traffic for both the airport and monorail continued to grow. According to the ACI (Airports Council International) Report, Haneda served about 49.3 million airline passengers in 1997, while the Tokyo Monorail carried even more people—about 65.2 million.
On 18 November last year—a little more than 34 years after the first monorail services began—Haneda gained a second ARL. This second link is a 3.2-km extension of the Kuko Line operated by Keihin Electric Express Railway Co., Ltd. (generally known as Keikyu). This company has long operated a railway linking Tokyo and Yokohama, with trains also providing through services on Tokyo's metropolitan Asakusa subway line. In fact, Keikyu's trains even carry passengers to Narita, using the Keisei Line operated by the Keisei Electric Railway co., Ltd. Keikyu's rail link to Haneda Airport is projected to carry 50,000 people daily, and will surely cut into the market long enjoyed by the monorail.
At present, Japan has seven airports boasting ARLs (Table 1). In order of ARL construction, they are: Haneda Airport (HND) in Tokyo; Narita Airport (NRT) serving Tokyo; Shin-Chitose Airport (CTS) serving Sapporo; Fukuoka Airport (FUK); Kansai International Airport (KIX) serving Osaka; Miyazaki Airport (KMI); and Itami Airport (OSA) serving Osaka. Only two airports, Narita and Kansai International, were designed from the beginning with a ARL in mind—lines were laid to the other five airports after airline passenger loads had grown. Three airports: Haneda, Narita, and Kansai International, each have two ARLs, using mostly conventional tracks (urban/suburban heavy rail, subways, or main line railways), while Haneda and Itami use monorails as one of their ARLs.
Japan was the first country to build a high-speed train (the shinkansen), but the honour of having the first high-speed train serving an airport went to France when its TGV began linking Charles de Gaulle Airport to Paris. Unlike Frankfurt Airport in Germany, Japan has no plans to bring similar high-speed services to any of its airports. When Narita Airport was still on the drawing board, the Japanese government gave approval to a project to link the airport to the shinkansen network, but the line was never finished. In my opinion, the decision to abandon construction was a mistake.
This article examines the ARLs joining Tokyo's two airports to the metropolis, and discusses their early and later developments. I will also discuss ridership on these and other ARLs in Japan, and then focus on public assistance for construction of costly ARL infrastructure, and plans for the development of future links. I will also look briefly at factors to consider when planning ARLs.
Air-rail Links to Tokyo's Airport at Haneda
Japan is in the Far East—an apt term considering that the country is close to the eastern extremity of Asia, facing the Pacific Ocean. The four main islands of Japan stretch about 2000 km in a generally north-south direction (2800 km if smaller Okinawa islands in the southwest of Japan are included). Tokyo is in central Honshu and close to the nation's geographic centre. Its central position in the archipelago, plus of course its importance and size, have made it the largest transportation hub in Japan and a gateway for flights from all over the world.
After several years of confusion following World War II, the nation's private airlines began flying again in the early 1950s. As the country's economy expanded year by year, air passengers, both domestic and international, increased in number. In 1959, when the plan to develop an ARL for Haneda Airport was unveiled, about 540,000 domestic and 370,000 international passengers were using the airport. This totals only about 910,000 people, but there was every reason to believe that the figure would increase dramatically in 1964, the year of the Tokyo Olympic Games. Some people proposed extending the Tokyo Expressway to the airport instead, but it was obvious that this would only worsen road congestion as it took more than 1 hour to drive the 14 km from downtown Tokyo to the Airport even then.
After some false starts, Japan Elevated Electric Railway Co. was established in 1960 to push through a rail link to Haneda. This company boldly chose an Alweg-type monorail, which Hitachi, Ltd. was eager to build in Japan under a technical cooperation arrangement. The Alweg-type straddle-beam monorail was chosen for a number of reasons. First, the president of the new company, Tetsuzo Inumaru (who was also President of the Imperial Hotel, one of Japan's best hotels), was an old friend of the monorail developer, Dr Wenner-Gren, and had long been keen to introduce the technology to Japan. Second, Hitachi, Ltd., one of Japan's most important manufacturers of heavy electrical equipment, was very interested in the new system and saw great potential in developing its technology.
The Tokyo Monorail became Japan's first ARL but one problem immediately became evident to passengers—since the trains could not run on conventional track, they could travel no further than the ends of the track, forcing passengers to disembark after a comparatively short ride. Furthermore, the monorail track from the airport ended at Hamamatsucho Station on the Yamanote Line, a loop line surrounding central Tokyo. The station, however, is still 3 km south of the business centre and Tokyo Station, the nation's most important railway terminal (Fig. 1).
The 13-km line running south to the airport on Tokyo Bay is a double-track line, except for 1-km stretches at each end. The only stations were the two terminals. (Four intermediate stations were built between 1965 and 1985 as urban development spread to the monorail corridor.) The two-level station at the airport was constructed under the parking lot in front of the airport terminal building.
The construction proceeded rapidly—approval was obtained from the Minister of Transport in December 1961, construction began in May 1963, and the line was in operation by September 1964. The journey time from Hamamatsucho Station to the airport was 15 minutes, with departures every 7 minutes and the fare was ¥250. Total construction costs were ¥20 billion for infrastructure and ¥1.1 billion for rolling stock, totalling ¥21.1 billion or ¥1.6 billion per km. Incidentally, the total cost for building the 515-km Tokaido Shinkansen was about ¥400 billion or about ¥0.8 billion per km, half that of the Tokyo Monorail. The Tokaido Shinkansen began operations on 1 October 1964, just 2 weeks after the monorail.
It is worth noting that the monorail was developed and constructed solely by the private sector, without any financial assistance from the government, airport authorities, or the aviation industry. Operations first became profitable in 1972 and have been in the black ever since.
Monorail ridership surged in the following years as air travel became more popular. Then, in 1978, Tokyo's second airport opened at Narita for international traffic, and Haneda was relegated to serving domestic air travel. As a result, both Haneda and the monorail experienced a drop in passengers for some time, but domestic flights to Haneda continued to increase to such an extent that, in February 1983, the Ministry of Transport (MOT) began an expansion project to boost Haneda's annual passenger handling capacity from 22 million to 85 million. This expansion involves increasing the airport area from 408 to 1100 hectares, and constructing two new terminal buildings (West and East terminals situated between two parallel 3000-m class runways).
Because the site for the new Haneda terminal buildings was moved about 2.5 km east, the road and rail links had to be extended. A plan to extend the existing monorail line to the new terminals was accepted, as was the request from Keikyu to extend its own line, which had terminated west of the airport.
While 2 km of the existing track was closed, the monorail was extended 6 km to the new Haneda Airport Station adjacent and parallel to the West Terminal (Fig. 2). Two kilometers of this extension are elevated, with the remaining 4 km underground. While 2 km of the existing track was closed, the entire line is double-track. The extension has one new intermediate station. The line from Hamamatsucho Station to the airport terminal is now 4 km longer and it takes 22 minutes to travel the 17 kilometers. This extension and the West Terminal Building were both opened on 27 September 1993.
On the same day, the Kuko Line owned by Keikyu, was extended as far as Haneda Station (now Tenkubashi Station) (Fig. 2). This arrangement was obviously of a provisional nature, because Haneda Station was not adjacent to the airport terminal and passengers had to transfer to the monorail. This inconvenience ended last year on 18 November when Keikyu opened its extended line to the new West Terminal, permitting passengers to travel directly between the airport and downtown Tokyo. The extension involved moving 0.8 km of existing track underground, and tunnelling an additional 3.2 km to the new terminal. The extension is double-track and has one intermediate station (Tenkubashi Station). The Keikyu rail terminal, called Haneda Airport Station, is located conveniently between both terminal buildings. (The East Terminal is still under construction, so passengers only have access to the West Terminal.) The 15-km journey from the airport to Shinagawa, 6 km south of the city centre, now takes 16 minutes (Fig. 1). The Keikyu trains offer more convenience because they also provide through services to the city centre and beyond on the Asakusa subway line and the Keisei Line. This latter through operation has made it possible for passengers to travel directly by express from Haneda Airport to Narita Airport in 1 hour 42 minutes (although there are only four trains each day). Or, by transferring onto the Yamanote Line at Shinagawa Station, Keikyu passengers have ready access to other major centres in the metropolis, such as Shibuya, Shinjuku, and Ikebukuro. These new and convenient connections pose an obvious threat to the monorail.
Incidentally, the construction costs for extending the monorail and the Kuko Line were both approximately ¥80 billion.
Figure 3 shows how the monorail has fared since its inception. Of the approximately 48 million people who flew into or out of Haneda in 1997, about 28 million used the monorail, giving a ridership share of 59.2%. The share has remained stable at around 60% for many years, but Keikyu's new Kuko Line will surely reduce the share. This is a matter of obvious interest for all parties concerned.
Table 1: Japanese Airports with Air-Rail Links
Figure 1: Tokyo's Major Railways and Airports
Photo: Tokyo Monorail ARL approaching Haneda
Figure 2: Plan of Tokyo International Airport (Haneda)
Photo: Keisei train at Haneda Airport Station, served by trains from four companies
Figure 3: Number of Airline Passengers (inc. International) at Haneda and Tokyo Monorail Users
Air-Rail Links to Tokyo's International Airport at Narita
Narita Airport (known officially as New Tokyo International Airport) opened in 1978. Located some 55 km east of the metropolis, it is Tokyo's second airport and the country's largest international gateway. The large majority of flights are international, except for a few connecting domestic flights. Compared to Haneda's location close to central Tokyo, Narita Airport is inconveniently situated from central Tokyo, so ARLs were naturally part of the overall plan from the beginning. In 1966, when the First Sato Cabinet approved construction of Narita, it also approved a policy promoting construction of railway lines from Tokyo to the new airport. Planners projected construction of two ARLs, one operated by JNR (now JR), the other by the Keisei Electric Railway Company, Ltd. Neither plan had reached fruition when the airport opened; JNR had plans to build a shinkansen to the airport but the plan ran into tremendous opposition from municipal governments and people located near the proposed line as soon as they realized there would be no benefit to them and that their environment would suffer. When construction was suspended in 1982, the only part of the line constructed was a 9-km stretch of roadbed from the airport, and the airport station shell. Later, when JNR was privatized and split into the JRs in 1987, the government passed a law that officially halted the Narita Shinkansen project. The debt and unfinished facilities passed into the hands of the JNR Settlement Corporation.
But this did not mean that the MOT had forgotten the issue after Narita Airport opened. In May 1981, the Ministry established the Committee to Study High-speed Rail Access to New Tokyo International Airport, making it a consultative body to the Head of the Railway Supervision Bureau with power to recommend a substitute for the cancelled Narita Shinkansen. The Committee examined proposals that the existing rail network be linked to the airport using parts of other lines that had already been constructed or were still in the planning stages. The Committee announced its findings in May 1982, making three alternative proposals that it labelled A, B and C.
Proposals A and B each promoted construction of a conventional narrow-gauge line instead of a shinkansen line, while Proposal C was only an interim plan. Proposal A envisaged a 72-km route running partly on JNR's Keiyo Line, that the Japan Railway Construction Public Corporation (JRCC) was constructing at the head of Tokyo Bay. The line would be operated by JNR. Proposal B suggested a 65-km route over lines owned by a number of different companies: the Keisei Line, the metropolitan Asakusa subway line, the Hokuso Line (under construction at the time), and a railway line built and operated by the Housing and Urban Development Public Corporation (also under construction at the time). The route would be operated jointly by the owners of each of these lines, meaning the involvement of both the public and private sectors. In November 1984, the MOT announced that it would proceed with Proposal B, but once again the momentum collapsed and met the same fate as the Narita Shinkansen.
Keisei Electric Railway Company, Ltd. already had trains running on the Keisei Line from Ueno, near the city centre, to Narita City (about 8 km from the airport) and sensing an excellent return on the investment, decided to extend the line to the airport. The plan was approved by the Minister of Transport in November 1969. Construction began in November 1970 and the line was finished in November 1972. The extension was double-tracked over its entire length of 7.2 km, and had no intermediate stations. Unfortunately, the station serving the airport was constructed halfway between Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 (Terminal 2 was in the planning stages at the time), so passengers had to board a bus between the station and terminals. The change took only a few minutes but was a source of great annoyance.
This extension cost about ¥10 billion. Keisei spent another ¥12 billion to upgrade its terminal at Ueno, as well as additional money to permit faster speeds on existing tracks. This enormous investment, and the company's zeal in pushing through construction as fast as possible, brought no fruit for several years because the airport opening was delayed until May 1978. Needless to say, Keisei found itself in financial difficulties during the delay. Furthermore, once the trains started running, passengers immediately began complaining about the airport station's location and the need to change to a bus. Keisei's special Skyliner express train took 60 minutes to travel the 68 km between Ueno and Narita Airport, but the inconvenience at the airport kept Keisei's ridership share low.
During the year after regular flights started at Narita, about 8 million passengers used the airport. The figure climbed steadily each year, reaching 15 million in 1987 and 20 million in 1990. A survey in November 1987 showed that only 19.3% of all passengers at Narita Airport used the Keisei Skyliner—the vast majority opted to go by road instead. At that time, the Skyliner took 70 minutes from Ueno to the airport, including the bus connection. This was exactly the same time as scheduled runs by Airport Limousine buses serving Tokyo City Terminal (TCAT) in downtown Hakozaki. However, the buses were not always on schedule because they frequently encountered traffic congestion.
Act I in this sorry tale was the start of airport traffic on the Keisei Line in 1978. Act II was the abandonment of construction of the Narita Shinkansen in 1987. Act III starred Shintaro Ishihara, the Minister of Transport who was also a well-known novelist. After reviewing the situation, in June 1988, Ishihara announced that his Ministry would ensure that the underground station built for the abandoned Narita Shinkansen adjacent to the airport terminal (now Terminal 1) would be made available to Keisei and JR trains. His plan was similar to the earlier Proposal C. Under the plan, Skyliner passengers would benefit because they would no longer have to make a bus connection to the airport. The new JR East would also benefit because it would be able to offer a direct connection from central Tokyo to the airport terminal.
Ishihara's decision broke new ground in another sense as well. The construction of the elevated railway infrastructure and the provision of loans to JR and Keisei would be entrusted to a new corporation using investments from both the public and the private sectors. In accordance with the 1986 Railway Enterprise Law (enacted as part of the JNR privatization process), the corporation was classified as a Category-III railway business that provides rail infrastructure. Accordingly, on this particular section, JR East and Keisei were named as Category-II railway enterprises, which run trains on leased tracks. Prior to this law, both the 1922 Railway Construction Act (regulating the construction of national railway lines) and the 1919 Local Railway Act (controlling private railway businesses) had assured that each railway enterprise should be responsible for building lines, maintaining tracks, and running trains. However, the Railway Enterprise Law opened a new era by classifying railway businesses into three categories—Category-I responsible for both infrastructure and operations, Category-II in charge of infrastructure, and Category-III engaged only in operations.
As a result, the Narita Airport Rapid Railway Co., Ltd. was established to construct a Category III project. In very little time, the Company has completed all the bureaucratic procedures and was ready for action. Construction began in March 1989 and JR and Keisei trains began pulling into the new airport station on 19 March 1991 (Figs. 1 and 4). Other improvements soon followed, with the opening of Terminal 2 on 3 December 1992, and the opening of Terminal 2 Station adjacent to Terminal 2, 1 km from the end of the line.
As Fig. 4 shows, the JR East and Keisei lines take slightly different routes. The new JR East line to the airport branches from its Narita Line in the Tsuchiya district of Narita City. The 8.7-km spur is a single track laid on one of the two roadbeds built for the now-cancelled Narita Shinkansen. Keisei's line to the airport branches off in the Komaino district of Narita City, 1.1 km before its old terminus, then extends 2.1 km to the two airport stations. This spur is double-tracked to the Keisei station at Terminal 2, beyond which, the track is laid on the other roadbed built for the shinkansen. In other words, JR East uses part of the double-track built for the Narita Shinkansen, which had been laid from Tsuchiya on the Narita Line, and JR and Keisei both use the underground station built for the shinkansen adjacent to the airport terminal. With the completion of JR's single track on one of the shinkansen roadbeds, an additional 7.7 km of bed is still unused, a possible candidate for future expansion. The last part from the newly constructed Terminal 2 to the end of the line at Terminal 1, has two tracks, one for JR East and the other for Keisei, with both companies using the same station facilities.
After this improvement in Narita ARLs in 1991, competition between the two carriers has ensured even greater levels of convenience. Both companies offer special express services in new, comfortable cars departing once or twice every hour (with 23 shuttle runs each way daily). JR East's fastest train takes 53 minutes on the 79.2-km run between Tokyo Station and the airport. This is nearly matched by Keisei, at 57 minutes for its 69.3-km run from Ueno. JR East's trains from the airport do not terminate at Tokyo Station but continue on, providing direct (and well-used) services to other major stations in the Tokyo area, terminating in Shinjuku, Ikebukuro, and Ofuna (trains formerly terminated in Yokohama). Many of the express trains running on the Tokyo–Narita Airport track are composed of cars that originate and return to different lines, so JR East has developed simple and rapid techniques to couple and uncouple trains at underground platforms in Tokyo Station. Riding JR East's Narita Express (affectionately called NEX) or Keisei's Skyliner requires a surcharge in addition to the regular fare, but this can be avoided by taking one of many rapid, though slower, commuter trains. These services do take a little longer—about 80 minutes for JR East and 70 minutes for Keisei (which operates 35 shuttles per day).
The construction of the infrastructure for these extensions cost the Narita Airport Rapid Railway Co., Ltd. a total of ¥50 billion (including interest on money borrowed during the construction phase). The Company's capital resources totaled only ¥9 billion so the remaining funds were provided by loans from city banks. In other words, the project was completed without public assistance.
Photo: Keisei Skyliner at Ueno Terminal
Figure 4: New Tokyo International Airport (Narita)
Photo: JR East Narita Express (NEX) at Ikebukuro Station
Photo: Coupling NEX cars at Tokyo Central Station
Air-Rail Link Usage in Japan
The ACI Report states that 49.3 million passengers used Haneda in 1997, making it the world's sixth busiest airport (the fifth is London Heathrow). However, Haneda now caters to very few international passengers—in 1997, only 850,000 were on international flights and only 20,000 were international passengers in transit.
An MOT survey at airports throughout Japan on 25 October 1995 showed that 86,000 domestic passengers used Haneda. Of these, 62% used ARLs, while 25% went by road. (The remaining 13% either did not respond or went by other means.) The ARL-to-road ratio is 62:25, or 71:29 if the remaining 13% is apportioned between the two groups (Table 2). Other figures supplied by Tokyo Monorail show the relationship between the number of airline passengers using Haneda Airport and the number of people using the monorail (Fig. 3). Of all airline passengers using Haneda Airport in 1997, 59.2% took the monorail. As Fig. 3 also shows, 58.7 million took the monorail in the same year, although 30.2 million —more than half—were not airline passengers. The monorail corridor has seen considerable urban development over the last few years, so it is being used increasingly both as an ARL and a form of urban transit. From the company's point of view, this trend is certainly favourable, but when a transportation mode serves two very different types of passengers, problems can arise at certain times of the day. Putting such potential disadvantages aside, the Tokyo Monorail carries more airline passengers than any other ARL in the world (60,000 to 80,000 daily, approximately 60% to 70% share of its total ridership).
I have explained how Narita Airport had inadequate ARLs until 1991 (years after the airport opened in 1978), although its inconvenient location called for a high standard of rail service. However, over the past 8 years, passengers have been able to choose between two well-travelled rail routes to downtown Tokyo.
A total of 25.7 million airline passengers used Narita Airport in 1997, making it the 26th busiest airport in the world. Of these, 22.9 million (89%) were on international flights. Domestic passengers numbered only 800,000, with an additional 1.9 million in transit.
A survey by the New Tokyo International Airport Authority on people coming to the airport on one day in March 1997 from places within Japan (including departing airline passengers) showed that of the 36,300 departing passengers, 14,500 (39.9%) had come to the airport by rail, while 20,900 (57.5%) had come by road. The remaining 900 (2.6%) had arrived on domestic flights.
Of the 14,500 arriving at the airport by rail, approximately 7500 used JR East's services, while about 6900 used Keisei's. Twice as many of these rail travellers chose express services over cheaper (but slower and less comfortable) commuter services; 5700 took JR's Narita Express and 3600 took Keisei's Skyliner. The advantages offered by JR East's NEX are evident.
A total of 83,300, including the 36,300 airline passengers, people arrived at the airport by land on the day of the survey. (Note that the figures do not include passengers flying into the airport then taking some form of land transport.) Of these 83,000, only 22,500 (27.2%) came by rail. This shows that the actual rail share is lower when people other than departing airline passengers are included.
A similar survey was conducted previously in 1991 (the year the airport gained its second ARL and improved its first). On that day, of the 25,000 departing airline passengers, 10,500 (42%) arrived at the airport by rail. Comparing these 1991 figures with those for 1997, there has been a 145% increase in the number of passenger departures, but almost no change (from 42% to 39.9%) in rail's share.
Other Japanese Airports
In addition to Haneda and Narita, five other Japanese airports are linked by rail to nearby cities. They are Shin-Chitose (CTS) serving Sapporo; Fukuoka (FUK); Kansai International Airport (KIX) serving Osaka; Miyazaki Airport (KMI); and Itami Airport (OSA) serving Osaka.
The last two were connected by rail only recently, and no ridership data have been released yet for them. Data for the other three airports are given in Table 2 using the results of the MOT survey mentioned above. Air-rail links at each airport have an estimated share of at least 40%. However, actual levels may be somewhat different because passengers on international flights were excluded from the survey.
Shin-Chitose is served by a railway line operated by JR Hokkaido, Fukuoka Airport by the Fukuoka Municipal Government subway line, and Kansai International Airport by JR West and Nankai Electric Railway Co., Ltd.
Table 2: Land Transport used by Domestic Airline Passengers and Estimated Shares (25 October 1995)
Higher Levels of Public Assistance for ARL Infrastructure Development
Financing for construction at Haneda and Narita
As explained, no government assistance was provided for the construction of Japan's first two ARLs (Haneda's Tokyo Monorail, and Narita's Keisei Line).
With increasing numbers of airline passengers, both airports were forced to expand their capacity. This involved relocating Haneda's terminal and constructing a second terminal at Narita. In both cases, existing ARLs had to be extended and upgraded.
At Haneda, the lengthening of the monorail and extension of Keikyu's line were the first in Japan to obtain some degree of public assistance. In the case of the monorail, part of the new line had to be built under runways, taxiways, aprons and other airport facilities. The task of constructing the tunnel was assumed by the government because it owns the airport and the government now leases the tunnel to Tokyo Monorail. Construction of other parts qualified for public financial assistance under the Private Line (non-JR) regulations that permit public assistance for rail transit development projects. This was the first time the regulations were applied. Large construction projects in Japan are generally financed through non-subsidized loans procured by the builder, but under these regulations, the national and local governments pay any loan interest exceeding 5%.
The infrastructure for the monorail extension cost about ¥80 billion but the national government provided about ¥12 billion for the tunnel construction under its own property. The remainder was procured through loans with JRCC as the builder.
Keikyu received more public assistance because all the Keikyu Line extension was inside the airport and was built by the national government as the airport owner. Keikyu infrastructure costs were about ¥80 billion and the national government provided about ¥14 billion of this amount. Keikyu was not eligible for a Private Line subsidy so it borrowed part of the remainder at a low interest rate from the Japan Development Bank. Since the railway companies use facilities built and owned by the government, they pay the government an annual rent equivalent to 2.3% of the value of the facilities.
I have already explained how the Narita Airport Rapid Railway Co., Ltd. was made responsible for Category III improvements to Narita Airport's ARL, and how JR East and Keisei began offering services as Category II railway companies in an arrangement that was different from anything seen until then. The Narita Airport Rapid Railway Co., Ltd. spent ¥50 billion on infrastructure—¥28 billion of this was used to purchase the facilities of the cancelled Narita Shinkansen from the national government. Actually, the construction cost of the cancelled line was ¥94 billion including interest on loans, but the purchase price was set at the much lower figure of ¥28 billion to ensure that the new Company remained financially viable. This lenient approach reflected the government's policy of encouraging construction by the Company, JR East and Keisei, and was in effect, a form of public assistance. JR East and Keisei lease the completed facilities from Narita Airport Rapid Railway Co. Ltd. that uses the revenue for operation expenses and loan repayment. According to the Company's long-term financial plan, it will start making an operating profit in 2005 (14 years after the opening) and will pay off its debts in 2019 (28 years after opening).
Financing at other airports
Sapporo's Shin-Chitose Airport became the third airport in Japan to gain rail service in October 1980. The line was operated by JNR, which constructed a new station on its intercity Chitose Line, at a location nearest to the terminal building (a similar choice was made for London Gatwick). Later, when the airport terminal was moved, a 2.6-km spur was built, part of which runs under the airport facilities. In this sense, the extension was similar to that of the monorail at Haneda, so the national government agreed to provide some public assistance. The new service opened in April 1992 operated by JR Hokkaido.
Fukuoka Airport was linked to the Fukuoka Municipal Government subway in March 1993, becoming the first Japanese airport to be served by subway. The line from downtown Fukuoka City was extended to the airport as part of a government programme to encourage development of municipal subways. This qualified the line for public assistance and about 70% of the construction costs were paid by the national and municipal governments.
Osaka's second airport, Kansai International Airport, opened in September 1994 and is Japan's second most important gateway for international travel. Partly because of this international status, ARLs to the airport were constructed under an arrangement similar to that for Tokyo's Narita Airport. Construction of Kansai International Airport occurred around the time of JNR's privatization and breakup into the JRs. This was opportune timing, since it affected the terms under which the new government-related entity, Kansai International Airport Co. Ltd. operated. The company built the airport and promoted Category III construction of rail infrastructure on most of the route. JR West and Nankai Electric Railway were designated Category II railway companies with the right to serve the airport. The airport was built on a man-made island in Osaka Bay, 35-km southwest of central Railway Osaka, meaning that JR West and Nankai had to build spur lines to the airport from their Hanwa and Nankai lines, respectively.
Neither company received any public assistance for construction on the landward side of their spur lines between the branch-off points and the newly built Rinku Town Station facing the bay. However, the 6.9-km stretch between Rinku Town Station and the airport was built and paid for by Kansai International Airport Co., Ltd. that owns this part of the line and leases it to the railways. No public assistance was given for infrastructure construction, unlike the situation for other airports, but the companies did borrow some money at good rates from the Japan Development Bank. The company plans to use the revenue from rent paid by JR West and Nankai Railway to repay its construction loans. This lease-repay situation is similar to that adopted by Narita Airport Rapid Railway Co., Ltd.
Miyazaki Airport in south Japan gained an ARL in July 1996. The track to the airport, operated by JR Kyushu, is a 1-km spur from the existing Nichinan Line. The line's infrastructure on airport land was built and paid for by the national government in accordance with the principles described above. The cost for building those parts of the line not on airport property was divided equally between JR Kyushu and the Miyazaki prefectural government. In other words, much of the cost did not fall on the railway's shoulders.
Osaka's Itami Airport was the seventh airport in Japan to gain an ARL when the Osaka Monorail began services in April 1997. Like the Tokyo Monorail, the Osaka Monorail is a straddle-beam system. One difference is that it was built not so much as a downtown-to-airport link but as a form of urban transit to facilitate travel in the suburban loop corridor, with the airport at the westernmost part of the line.
The line, which took many years to build, is not very convenient for airline passengers. However, because it was built as an urban transit system, the line qualified for financial assistance from the national and local governments that paid 60% of the costs. The builder, Osaka Monorail Corp., received investment funds from the public and private sectors.
Photo: Kansai International's Airport Station, offering express train services by Nankai Electric Railway and JR West
(Nankai Electric Railway)
Public Funding for Railway Projects—A Growing Trend
Government funds are increasingly being made available for ARL development in Japan. As we have seen, current policy now permits the national government, as airport owner, to construct tunnels, bridges and other rail infrastructure on parts of the route within airport boundaries and to lease these facilities to the railways. Other public funds are available under the Private Line regulations and through local government assistance. Public assistance was not available in Japan until about 30 years after construction of the first ARL, the Tokyo Monorail to Haneda.
Railway companies were seen as enterprises responsible for their own financial affairs, and MOT policy has encouraged the three transport modes—rail, road, and air—to compete freely, each sector taking advantage of its own unique strengths. However, over the last few years, governments have boosted public assistance to railways with a view to improving urban transit and facilitating high-speed travel between cities. Municipal governments and public/private corporations are increasingly funding development of urban transit systems, rather than depending entirely on the private sector. In addition, private companies now receive more public funds for the development of rail transit services, and the construction costs of inter-city shinkansen infrastructure are, in principle, now completely covered by public assistance plans (with the national government paying double the amount paid by local governments). Increased public financing for ARLs is part of this trend.
Future ARLs in Japan
For all its impressive advances in rail technology, Japan is not the country with the world's greatest number of ARLs. That honour goes to the USA. The first ARL built in the USA was for Cleveland Hopkins International. This was a transit rail extension to the airport, opened in November 1968, a few years after the Tokyo Monorail. Eight other US airports have ARLs: Boston Logan International; Washington National; Philadelphia International; Chicago O'Hare International; Hartsfield Atlanta International; Chicago's Midway and South Bend Michiana Regional; and Lambert-St. Louis International. Japan ranks second after the USA, with one ARL under construction, and links to another five airports in various stages of planning or study. The line under construction is a monorail to link downtown Naha in Okinawa to its airport (OKA). When this straddle-beam monorail opens in 2003, it will be Okinawa's first rail-based urban transit system.
Two separate ARLs are in the planning stage: one for Sendai (SDJ), the other for the planned Chubu International Airport at Nagoya. Sendai's plans call for a spur line to be built from a JR East line to the airport with JR East offering direct services between the airport and downtown. Nagoya is Japan's fourth largest city, with a population of 2.1 million, and is the site of Expo 2005. The city's second airport is to be built on reclaimed land offshore with a ARL to be provided by Nagoya Railroad Co., Ltd., on an extension of its Tokoname Line. If the construction schedule is on time, the airport will open in 2005 for the Exposition.
Air-rail links are at the conceptual stage at three other airports: Hiroshima (HIJ), which is studying the feasibility of a High Speed Surface Transit system (HSST) using electromagnetic levitation technology developed in Japan; Niigata (KIJ), where shinkansen track could be extended to the airport; and Kochi (KCZ), where a spur line might be built from the narrow-gauge Asa-Sai Line under construction.
Ideal Conditions for Future ARLs
Planning of future ARLs must proceed carefully because each situation is unique. Variable conditions include the location, size, type, and raison d'être of each airport, as well as the size and type of the urban rail network. Having said this, I will venture to suggest three ideal conditions that should be considered when planning possible rail links.
First, the ARL should offer far greater convenience than the roads leading to the airport. Planners should reject out of hand any system that forces passengers to make train-bus connections. Indeed, they should make every attempt to avoid even a single transfer from one train to another. In the case of cities already possessing an advanced rail transit system, the line should link the airport to the existing rail network and permit direct connections with several major stations within the network. For this reason, an unconventional transport system, such as a monorail or electromagnetically levitated train, is not really suitable.
Second, ARLs should be able to carry passengers at about 100 km/h over the existing rail network to destinations 100 or even 200 km from the airport. JR trains fulfill these conditions to a certain extent for airports such as Narita, Kansai International, Shin-Chitose and Miyazaki. For example, passengers can take the NEX from Narita Airport to Yokohama and beyond, or a rapid commuter train even further to Yokosuka. The NEX takes only 90 minutes from the airport to Yokohama. (Yokohama and Yokosuka are respectively about 80 and 90 km southwest of the airport, as the crow flies). In another example, the Haruka special express takes only 85 minutes from Kansai International Airport to Kyoto (75 km northeast of the airport). The JR group of companies operates a nationwide rail network with many urban and inter-urban lines, and could provide even more convenient, extensive services within this network. The rail links to airports in Frankfurt and Zurich could perhaps serve as a model in this regard. Conversely, subways and small private railways cannot meet the objectives set out here.
The third ideal condition has been examined by some people, but only conjecturally. The focus of these studies is either a shinkansen or MAGLEV cars joining three of Japan's international gateway airports—Narita, Chubu International Airport (planned for Nagoya), and Kansai International. Narita serves as a global hub and is centrally located in Japan, so its role as a transit point for passengers travelling to and from different Japanese cities will surely increase. If Narita Airport were connected to a nationwide high-speed train network (for example, the shinkansen network), passengers would enjoy a far greater level of convenience. Trains to and from cities within 800-km radius of the airport would be superior to any other form of transport. As high-speed train development plans in Europe show, trains travelling at 300 km/h are well placed to serve long-distance passengers, and they can do so using less energy and with less environmental impact than planes. When we consider these points, the decision to cancel the Narita Shinkansen from downtown Tokyo to Narita Airport created problems that will have to be solved later.
Some people propose using JR's MAGLEV technology to link Narita to Chubu International Airport in Nagoya and Kansai International in Osaka (a total distance of 500 km), raising the potential of these airports as international gateways. The cars would travel at more than 500 km/h. In effect, such a scenario envisages not three airports but one airport with three groups of terminals joined by magnetically levitated trains much like airport ground transport systems and people movers. But even if magnetically levitated cars can carry people at 500 km/h, the scenario still faces considerable obstacles. Planners should first develop ways for their new system to link with airports and high-speed trains—this would offer passengers greater mobility. In the meantime, what type of rail link should be constructed for Nagoya's future international airport?
Air-rail links began as a way to offer road users another choice, but they are becoming the main form of transport to some large airports due to the increase in air travel, and because of the tendency to build airports far from city centres. There are many forms of ARLs, ranging from monorails to transit-system railways to high-speed trains. Planes used to be about five times faster than trains, but some trains have reduced the ratio to 3:1 or even close to 2:1. Motor vehicles, too, will one day travel faster through the introduction of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and other technical advances. At a time when sustainable development is viewed as an essential goal for the entire world, what is the ideal way to move large numbers of people comfortably, quickly, and in an environmentally friendly manner? Further study is needed to identify the respective advantages and disadvantages of airplanes, railways and motor vehicles, and to develop systems that make best use of the advantages of each transportation mode in a complementary fashion. I believe that Japan has a duty to study these issues seriously and to develop ideal systems that the world will want to adopt. | <urn:uuid:4c991277-62ba-4f46-874c-e910503e8cc0> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.jrtr.net/jrtr19/F08_Hirota.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719286.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00498-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967049 | 9,715 | 2.875 | 3 |
All words have a root. Is there any app or website which will give me the root word along with meaning of a word of which I am interested I.e if I will type a word I should get the root word and meaning
U can check out painless roots in Google play
You can even check out www.membean.com\treelist for root words
Use vocabmonk.com it has proper word root. I don't think it has an Android app but visit the site and start learning.
Yes there are few words which have common root word u can't say this for all word there are a book available in market name "word power" these may help to find lot of root word. I m not aware about any android app. | <urn:uuid:f5e217a8-ca75-4af1-ae42-758dec04862d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://gradestack.com/All-words-have-a-root-Is/646-wqsq | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00398-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953955 | 157 | 1.804688 | 2 |
A cover letter is an important document that accompanies a job application or resumes while searching for a job. It helps provide additional information and related skills and experiences of the prospective candidate to the employer. The cover is used by many employers as a method of screening the candidates who have applied for the jobs and short-list applicants for interviews. The requirement for a cover letter is mostly mentioned in the job advertisement.
Every function or department in a business organization has different official documentation. The same is true for the human resource department. It has a lot of supporting documents that it has to prepare as part of its standard operating procedures. One such document that is frequently used in the HR department and jargon is the cover letter.
This page contains 24 different types of templates and formats that can help you draft your cover letter for the job you are applying for. All you need to do is go through this page and you will get the template of your choice. You can then make the necessary modifications to it and get the document that you want. All of these templates are designed and created in MS Word.
If you are required to prepare a cover letter you can download any of these templates below that is the best fit with your job requirements.
This cover is designed especially for people applying for an accountant job.
All the copy text is already part of this template. All you have to do is to download this and change the place-holder text with yours.
People related to the administration or board/governing body of a business or organization can use this cover to apply for such a job. The simple layout of this template makes it more appealing.
Specially designed for the nursing department, this cover is going to be the first choice of someone applying for a nursing assistant job where ‘to be certified’ is marked as required in the job requirement.
Fresh students can use this cover to apply for a job or internship. All they have to do is to change particular information related to them and the company they are applying to. Everything else is all set in already.
If you are changing your career and applying for a job, then this cover letter is going to be very useful for you. You can use this for any kind of job.
People related to the customer services department can use this cover while applying for a job. A very well and professionally written letter copy makes it distinct from any other sample letter around the web.
This is an awesome cover letter for Software Engineers. Just like their job, it is written very technically keeping in mind all the technicality of this job. This will surely save a lot of your time to do it manually by yourself.
This one is designed especially for the candidates applying for a dental assistant, operator, or any kind of other job where assistance is needed for treating dental auxiliary. Just like the wording, the layout is also very attractive and eye-catching.
This one is for you if you are going to apply for an executive job. Just like the nature of the job, the letter body is written in an executive way comprising previous job experience, knowledge about the related market/business, and achievements.
People applying for a Social Worker assistant job can use this letter to attach along with their Resume. The copy text of this letter is awesome and written very professionally.
If you already have experience in the job you are applying for, then this cover letter is going to help you a lot if you use this along with your resume.
This general cover letter can be used for any kind of job you are applying for. This is written in a way that can be fit for any kind of job or job position.
This template is specially created to be used if you are applying for a job where less than 3 years of experience is required.
This cover letter is created for Marketing Specialists to be used while applying for a job come to know from a TV commercial, a classified website, or a newspaper. Download this letter, change your appropriate information and it is ready for you!
This cover letter is designed for Military personal who is applying for a job in the Military related to Administration, Technology, or Security Operations.
This is designed for a Project Manager post especially related to Information Technology having experience in Staff Training and Development. But you can amend copy text to change it according to the nature of your job.
If you have just done your graduation and applying for a job, then you are at the right spot to get a perfect cover letter for yourself. Copy text of this letter includes the skill sets you have learned while studying.
This nicely written letter is specially designed for certified nursing staff jobs. Copy text explains the skill level and experience that you can amend to match according to yours like medications, monitoring, caring, and educating patients about health-related issues.
People applying for a Restaurant Manager can use this cover letter to send to the hiring manager along with their resume. The copy text is written to emphasize more on the following key points/skills
You can update this according to yours.
Use this cover letter if you are applying for the post of retail sales associate. This letter is very helpful for you if you have experience of following,
Otherwise, you can change the text to make it best fit according to your skillset.
This is designed especially for those people who are cut off from their job for some time because of some family, health, or other issues and getting back to work now. A beautifully written letter explains the situation very professionally.
This nicely written and designed cover letter is created especially for Sales Managers to use while applying for a job. Example copy of this letter explains your previous experience, achievements, and working knowledge very professionally that you can amend to change according to your needs. The key points mentioned here are as below.
If you are applying for a security officer job, then this is the best cover letter that you can send to the hiring authority along with your resume. This nicely written letter will give your resume a solid edge with its professionally written example text.
This is designed for teachers. Copy text of this letter is written keeping in view an elementary school teacher but you can amend it easily to make it work for you according to your class. You can also include your background and experience related to teaching and technology.
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Next Article →Best Weekly Expense Report Template Created in MS Excel | <urn:uuid:b893cb97-a762-483d-8df9-16293e023600> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://officetemplatesonline.com/24-day-to-day-use-cover-letters/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.959738 | 1,307 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Research and Studies
Read the studies compiled about the consequences of testing
Regents Exam Critiques
Several panels of independent experts have reviewed Regents exams considering issues of content, accuracy of material, scoring procedures, alignment with standards, rubrics and the quality of student responses. They have also considered student work produced in schools using a system of performance assessment. Read their reports.
Motivation Studies and Quotes From Teachers
Flawed Test Construction and Scoring Problems
Regents tests have problems. Some have been highlighted by principals, teachers and superintendents. Even the State Education Problem admits there are errors.
Parents Laud Consortium Schools
Read the results of a recent survey of parents of Consortium students. | <urn:uuid:f0c9618c-9807-4cb1-878d-94048b49ccd6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://performanceassessment.org/consequences/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00404-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922353 | 144 | 2.265625 | 2 |
“Oyster-tecture,” a 16-foot digital collage by environmental architect Kate Orff and the firm SCAPE, envisions New York harbor as part marshland, part mollusk paradise. The work, among those on view in a new group show of 10 extradisciplinary artists and cultural innovators at the National Academy Museum, proposes an inexpensive, efficient method for bracing against higher sea levels, pollution and stronger storms of the future. The solution: developing more coastal wetlands and nurturing habitats for oysters–which are pretty much nature’s Brita Filters. Also, more space for boardwalks and everybody starts wind surfing!
According to the exhibition catalogue:
Hers is a significant shift in the way conservation projects and bioremediation are considered: not through large entities and conventional infrastructures, but through an approach that looks to methods of the past that are manageable, inherently feasible, and, most importantly, unquestionably sustainable.
Orff, who collaborated with photographer Richard Misrach on the book Petrochemical America last year, explains bioremediation and how oyster populations naturally filter out pollution in this TED talk.
“Seismic Shifts: 10 Visionaries in Contemporary Art and Architecture,” Group Show, Jan 31-May 5, National Academy Museum, Opening Jan 31 11am-6pm | <urn:uuid:80491bf4-e4ea-4225-bf09-5046b1d4a1b9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://animalnewyork.com/2013/oyster-tecture/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00535-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.911666 | 284 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Cardinal Francis George, the first Chicago native to serve as the local archbishop and a man who during that 17-year tenure became the intellectual leader of the American church, died Friday morning at his home after a years long struggle with cancer. He was 78.
"A man of peace, tenacity and courage has been called home to the Lord," George's successor, Archbishop Blase Cupich, said during a brief announcement Friday afternoon.
He said George died at 10:45 a.m. at his home.
Cupich remembered George as “always choosing the church over his own comfort, and the people over his own needs.
"Let us heed his example and be a little more brave, a... | <urn:uuid:0958d480-2c2d-4f24-9c73-e33554f9fc38> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.latimes.com/topic/religion-belief/christianity/roman-catholicism/papal-conclave-EVHST00005-topic.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718309.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00406-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.992799 | 149 | 1.625 | 2 |
Many students think of the scientific method as a step-by-step process that all scientists follow in order. But real research is rarely so neat and tidy…it is really more of a research cycle or spiral because things you learn in one step can change your ideas about what you’ve already done or about next steps.
It is OK to change your thinking! We encourage you to go back and edit things you write in this section at any time as your ideas change. Just remember to ADD to your entries (put new stuff at the top) and don’t delete or overwrite anything you or other students in your group have written.
Click “edit project” to get started ------>
|Title||Like Plants, We Don't Leaf You|
|Access||public [View public profile]|
|Created||17 Feb 2017|
|Owner||SHS Maclean Spring 2017|
|Explore||From outside experiences, it is known that plants need many different factors to grow. Daylight and water are two major outside sources needed for most plant growth. Other outside sources such as wind and different weather conditions can also influence plant growth. The time of year that plants are planted and grown is also another influence on their growth. If planted during the time of year where there is most darkness, the plant may not get enough daylight to fully develope. Hairs on plants are called trichomes, their purpose is Discourage insect predators Reflecting sunlight Insulate plant Some have chemicals so bugs can’t feed there What is the first true leaf? The first true leaf’s emerge around the time of fertilization. Questions: How do plants influence the environment in indirect ways? -Produce oxygen -fuel many other plants and animals Why do plants have true leafs and seed leafs? http://www.burwur.net/sinns/3tricho.htm https://garden.org/courseweb/vegetables/CLASS3/c3p9.html http://www.uky.edu/Ag/Horticulture/Geneve/teaching/plantpropwebpages/biology/celltypestrichome.pdf https://explorecuriocity.org/Explore/ArticleId/161/how-do-plants-affect-the-environment-161.aspx|
|Grade Level||High School Students (Grades 9,10,11,12)|
|School Name||Service High School| | <urn:uuid:aa58a5ca-1493-4807-abc6-4b8c26731c43> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://plantingscience.org/projects/shsmaclean2/info | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.894394 | 561 | 3.984375 | 4 |
The media love a good scare and a sensational headline, but new research indicates the fear they spread about the dangers of sitting too much may be overblown.
In recent years, media outlets compared sitting to health risks like smoking, and even warned “Sitting will kill you.” Today told viewers sitting was “literally killing us” back on Sept. 18, 2015. ABC’s Deborah Roberts even claimed sitting was “one of the greatest risks to our health.” One expert CBS turned to went so far as to claim “any” sitting was “too much.”
“Mounting evidence shows that sitting is just as risky as smoking,” co-anchor Charlie Rose claimed on CBS This Morning July 29, 2014 . “Some studies find that for every hour we sit, two hours of life are lost.”
Dr. James Levine, of the Mayo Clinic, agreed with Rose, “So excess sitting has been associated with 34 different chronic diseases. Now 80 percent of people don’t smoke, but all of us sit, and most of us excessively. And so the cumulative impact of all that chronic disease makes sitting a bigger enemy, if you like, than smoking.” Levine was guest of multiple reports and broadcast networks, telling people sitting was “shaving years off our lives.”
ABC also compared sitting to smoking. On Oct. 21, 2010, World News Roberts discussed it with Professor Mark Hamilton who said, “[s]moking and sitting too much have some striking parallels. It’s global, it’s common and it’s hazardous.
But according to a new study, “sitting is not associated with an increased risk of dying,” The Washington Post reported on Oct. 14. Researchers from the University of Exeter and University College London tracked 5,132 participants over a period of 16 years and found mortality risk wasn’t impacted by sitting. The Post said the researchers found “sitting is no worse than standing for a person who doesn’t otherwise move his or her body.”
“Our study overturns current thinking on the health risks of sitting and indicates that the problem lies in the absence of movement rather than the time spent sitting itself,” one author of the study Melvyn Hillsdon said. "Any stationary posture where energy expenditure is low may be detrimental to health, be it sitting or standing."
The study’s researchers also cautioned against emphasizing not sitting, rather than promoting general physical activity. But that was exactly what many of the network news segments did.
Dr. Jon LaPook, chief medical correspondent for CBS, cautioned that sitting for long periods of time increased the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes, on CBS Evening News Jan. 19, 2015. Dr. Michael Rozien added, “[t]he human body is this wonderful thing where we get to postpone or diminish chronic disease just by getting out of our chair once every half hour.”
ABC correspondent Linsey Davis warned, “[n]o matter how little you eat, or how much you exercise, too much sitting by itself may broaden your bottom,” on Dec. 5, 2011.
NBC found a doctor to argue much the same during the Jan. 10, 2013, Rock Center with Brian Williams. That program emphasized the dangers of sitting over the need for exercise.
Dr. Levine told Rock Center viewers, “[it] appears that what is critical, and maybe even more important than going to the gym, is breaking up that sitting time.” | <urn:uuid:74fa799f-dcf4-4911-a4fd-7fafa99ce6bf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newsbusters.org/blogs/business/michael-greibrok/2015/11/03/liberal-media-stood-against-sitting-years-new-research | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.958527 | 754 | 2.4375 | 2 |
There’s nothing quite like a 20-minute sweat session in a sauna. You feel a lot more relaxed and rested after you’re done, as well as the warmth assists soothe aching muscular tissues and also improves your general health and wellness and well-being coil for infrared sauna.
However if the high temperatures of a traditional sauna are simply excessive for you to take care of, an infrared sauna may offer the advantages of a sauna without the severe heat.
What is an infrared sauna?
Unlike a traditional sauna, infrared saunas do not heat the air around you. Rather, they utilize infrared lamps (that make use of electromagnetic radiation) to warm your body directly.
” These saunas utilize infrared panels instead of conventional warm to quickly permeate human cells, warming up your body prior to heating up the air,” clarifies physiotherapist, Vivian Eisenstadt, MAPT, CPT, MASP.
An infrared sauna can run at a lower temperature level (typically in between 120 ˚F and also 140 ˚F) than a traditional sauna, which is normally in between 150 ˚F and 180 ˚F.
Makers declare that in an infrared sauna, only about 20 percent of the heat mosts likely to heat the air as well as the various other 80 percent directly heats your body.
Fans of infrared saunas state the warmth penetrates much more deeply than warmed air. This permits you to experience a much more extreme sweat at a reduced temperature level.
Eisenstadt claims this atmosphere is a lot more bearable, which permits you to remain in the sauna much longer while increasing your core body temperature level by a couple of levels.
What are the supposed benefits of using an infrared sauna?
The expected benefits of using an infrared sauna are similar to those experienced with a traditional sauna. These consist of:
- much better rest
- remedy for aching muscles
- relief from joint pain such as joint inflammation
- clear and tighter skin
- assistance for people with chronic fatigue syndrome
Individuals have been using saunas for centuries for all sorts of health and wellness problems. While there are a number of researches and research study on conventional saunas, there aren’t as lots of studies that look specifically at infrared saunas:
A little 10-person studyTrusted Resource found that individuals with fatigue syndrome benefited from utilizing an infrared sauna as part of an overall treatment.
Another 10-person studyTrusted Resource located that infrared saunas aided decrease muscle mass pain as well as increase recovery from strength-training sessions.
According to one testimonial, several studies have actually discovered that infrared light treatment saunas might help in reducing blood pressure.
The absence of strong evidence and wide-spread researches about the possible benefits of infrared saunas leaves the customer (you) to sort via the cases made by the firms who offer this solution.
Similarly, there are no records of unfavorable impacts up until now, beyond the warns regarding any sauna experience. These consist of the opportunities of overheating, dehydrating, as well as interference with drug, along with the possible dangers for those that are expectant, have heart disease, or are intoxicated of medicines or alcohol, to name a few.
Fortunately: Even if your sweat session does not do all of the things it asserts to do, at least it still really feels great. And also, it adds to your general health and also wellness by assisting you relax, loosening up rigid or limited muscular tissues, lowering joint discomfort, and also offering you some much necessary time to yourself.
Just how do you utilize an infrared sauna?
Lots of people will do infrared sauna therapies at a health club, health facility, or medical professional’s workplace, while others will certainly purchase and also construct one in their home. If you decide to offer an infrared sauna a try, it is essential to know that they do not included global instructions.
There are standards you can follow, yet ultimately, just how you choose to use an infrared sauna depends on you. Here are some pointers to obtain you began.
Consume alcohol water. Make sure you’re hydrated prior to going into an infrared sauna. Consume a glass of water before your session. You can additionally bring water into the sauna, particularly if you’re sensitive to higher heats.
Choose the temperature level. The ordinary temperature level for an infrared sauna ranges from 100 ˚F to 150 ˚F, with beginners beginning at the reduced end as well as even more skilled individuals at the greater end. If this is your very first time, begin with 100 ˚F. You may intend to remain at this temperature level for a couple of sessions. You can always increase the temperature level each session till you reach 150 ˚F.
Length of time. For newbie customers, start with 10 to 15 minutes. You can include time each session till you get to the recommended time of 20 to half an hour. Saunas come with a timer, so make certain to set it. You don’t wish to remain in there as well lengthy and risk ending up being dried out.
Garments. How you gown is your choice. Some individuals will certainly use swimsuit, while others like to go in naked.
What you can do while in the sauna. Kick back, review, meditate, pay attention to songs, or see with good friends. Simply don’t go to sleep.
After the session mores than. When your session is done, it’s recommended that you take your time and also allow your body cool off. Once cooled off, do not hesitate to shower or bathroom. Just make sure you are consuming alcohol plenty of water.
Number of sessions each week. Most facilities that offer infrared sauna treatments advise making use of the sauna three to 4 days each week. If you are healthy and balanced as well as endure the 4 days, you can make use of the sauna daily.
What should you know before you attempt an infrared sauna?
There are a few points you must understand prior to enjoying your very first session.
Stay clear of using an infrared sauna if you’ve been consuming alcohol.
If you feel ill or have a high temperature, it’s best to wait to utilize the sauna until you’re really feeling much better.
Using an infrared sauna will certainly create you to sweat a whole lot, so you might really feel lightheaded when you stand. If this takes place, make sure you get up slowly and also take a seat once you leave the sauna. Consume water right away after finishing your session and await your body to cool prior to doing anything else.
In extreme cases, some individuals might experience overheating (warm stroke and warmth exhaustion) or dehydration.
If you have any wellness problems such as high blood pressure, heart troubles, or are under treatment, obtain cleared by your medical professional before your first session. Despite the fact that infrared saunas have been found to be relatively secure, you do not wish to take any opportunities when it comes to your health and safety. | <urn:uuid:b571cd5d-f964-4b53-a708-a14ad646b83b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.celtic100k.com/coil-for-infrared-sauna/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.939204 | 1,524 | 1.695313 | 2 |
When I heard that Jack LaLanne had passed away I started watching his old exercise shows and it was hard to stop. -- It became obvious that if I followed his advice I could be stronger and live longer.
Anything in life is possible if you make it happen, he said.
And he proved it for 96 years with a pat on our backs and a kick in the rear. Housewives loved him, men emulated him and his simple message that if God didn’t make it, man shouldn’t eat it, helped make him an American legend.
He warned generations that they were killing themselves with the knife and fork, white flour and sugar, insecticides and pesticides long before it was the fashion.
Wearing a superhero jumpsuit, with his obedient dog Happy at his side and with as little as a kitchen chair and elastic cord he stretched and lifted and pumped his way into our American psyche and even our hearts.
Because what you saw was what you got.
So in Jack LaLanne we got to know the rare public man who lived what he preached and who was what he ate.
He made us shake our heads in amazement when at age 70 he swam a mile wearing shackles and towing one rowboat for every year of his life.
He made himself at home as our parents and grandparents mirrored his moves in front of the TV and were sustained by his uniquely optimistic American point of view —because anything is possible and nothing is impossible, that we should go seek out the impossible because it’s never too late. And never too late to improve ourselves.
As a little boy I was in awe of the message delivered by a man who was as wide as he was tall. That pride, discipline and truth were the DNA of human success and even long life.
You see he gave hope as an avatar of physical culture to the "pooped out" as he called them, the tired, the disappointed the nearly defeated.
He said when I get serious, I get very serious. When I live, I live for keeps. To you out there -- pull your gut in and straighten up!
Whether doing finger push ups or strange looking facial exercises, and preaching juice and vitamins for all, he used his unique physical strength not to boast or brag but to motivate and inspire. To promote hope and self confidence not despair and shame.
He never let us down and as a guest in our homes he never expressed disappointment -- even at our inability to meet his standards.
I met the great Jack LaLanne once and he said what he often said,” I can’t die. It would ruin my image.” It turns out it was the only thing he was ever wrong about.
Peter Johnson Jr. is a lawyer and Fox News legal analyst.
Peter Johnson Jr. is a successful and prominent appellate and trial lawyer. He has been an outspoken and eloquent analyst for the FOX News Channe on law, public policy, media and culture for the last 15 years. | <urn:uuid:14ae5d47-027a-4ebb-b674-ee0c80061e0d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2011/01/25/peter-johnson-jr-jack-lalannes-death-reminds-message-life.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00006-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.985606 | 624 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Who Is Chief Justice John Roberts?
MARY LOUISE KELLY, HOST:
Twice this week, the Supreme Court thrilled liberals and infuriated conservatives with its decisions, putting the spotlight once again on the man in the center chair, Chief Justice John Roberts. NPR's legal affairs correspondent Nina Totenberg reports.
NINA TOTENBERG, BYLINE: There is much more to come from the court in the coming weeks, but Chief Justice Roberts is clearly putting his stamp on the term so far. He didn't write the court's 6-to-3 opinion on LGBT employment rights, but he joined it and almost certainly assigned the opinion to fellow conservative Neil Gorsuch. Two days later, Roberts wrote the court's opinion blocking the Trump administration's attempt to revoke the Obama-era program protecting the so-called DREAMers from deportation. Senate Democratic leader Chuck Schumer, who voted against Roberts' confirmation, yesterday choked up on the Senate floor.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
CHUCK SCHUMER: Wow. This decision is amazing. I am so happy. The Supreme Court, who would've thought?
TOTENBERG: But Texas Republican Ted Cruz fulminated with rage.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
TED CRUZ: Chief Justice Roberts has been playing games to achieve the policy outcomes he desires.
TOTENBERG: In fact, Roberts is in many ways fulfilling and defying expectations about what kind of a chief justice he would be. In almost all closely divided cases where the court's liberals and conservatives split along ideological lines, he's a firm conservative vote. He wrote the court's decision gutting the landmark 1965 Voting Rights Act, and he's written decisions obliterating most limits that Congress and the states have imposed on campaign money. But he also twice cast votes to uphold Obamacare. And twice in the last year, he's written decisions rejecting the way the Trump administration does its regulatory business.
Last June, he wrote the court's decision invalidating Trump's attempt to add a citizenship question to the census. In the DACA case, he said that the administration had acted arbitrarily. It had not gone through the procedures required by law. In both cases, he said, the administration could try again, doing it the right way if it wanted to. In the DACA case, for instance, advocates on both sides agreed the administration could revoke the program if it had examined and explained the policy justifications for its decision. Instead, the only justification the administration offered was that Obama's DACA program was illegal from the get-go - period.
Immigration Law Professor Lucas Guttentag says that at bottom, what Roberts was saying was this...
LUCAS GUTTENTAG: Why should the court be the bad guy? If you want to rescind it, do it right, and take responsibility for it.
TOTENBERG: Harvard law professor Richard Lazarus, who's known Roberts for decades, says that early in Trump's tenure, the chief justice ultimately gave the administration a break in the travel ban cases, barring travelers from some mainly Muslim countries. But since then, Trump has put the courts to a constant stress test. And as Lazarus sees the DACA ruling...
RICHARD LAZARUS: I think the central message here is the law applies to everybody, and that includes the president of the United States. And I'm not going to give you any breaks here.
TOTENBERG: Not everyone agrees.
JOSH BLACKMAN: Roberts has gotten in his head that the role of the chief justice is to keep the court out of the headlines and to avoid looking like a partisan.
TOTENBERG: South Texas College of Law professor Josh Blackman.
BLACKMAN: He wants to take the most narrow path possible, even if it's not the best legal analysis.
TOTENBERG: Indeed, Roberts is a conservative with a small c. And in a polarized political atmosphere, he knows that if the court goes too far and too fast in one direction, the public may lose faith in the last remaining branch of government that has retained some public trust as an institution. Nina Totenberg, NPR News, Washington. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR. | <urn:uuid:fffc93d6-86e1-4b29-b389-101acd5ac2ba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wuwm.com/2020-06-19/who-is-chief-justice-john-roberts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.957614 | 891 | 1.632813 | 2 |
NEW YORK— The stock market had a swift and clear reaction to the Federal Reserve’s decision to trim its stimulus efforts: This wasn’t so bad after all.
Stocks surged Wednesday, lifting the Dow Jones industrial average nearly 300 points, after the Fed decided it was time to start modestly scaling back its program to boost America’s growth and stock market. The central bank cited a stronger jobs market and improving economy.
Stock investors had long anticipated the Fed would pull back at some point, but did not think it would happen until next year. Despite the surprise, investors took the central bank’s decision Wednesday as a sign that that the stock market was strong enough to keep soaring, even with less rocket fuel from the Fed.
“Investors should see this as a vote of confidence for the economy,” said Kristina Hooper, head of U.S. investment strategies for Allianz Global Investors
The Dow jumped 292 points, or nearly 2 percent, to 16,167.97 — another all-time high for the blue-chip index. Shortly before the Fed announcement at 2 p.m., the Dow was up just 47 points.
The broader Standard & Poor’s 500 index rose 29 points, also 2 percent, to 1,810.65 and the Nasdaq composite rose 46 points, or 1 percent, to 4,070.06.
The rally adds to what has already been a historic run for stocks. The S&P 500 is up nearly 27 percent, its best yearly performance since the dot-com boom of the late 1990s.
The Fed’s decision removes a huge amount of uncertainty for investors, something they hate. The fate of the stimulus program had hung over investors’ heads since May. Now that investors have an outline for how the Fed will pull back, investors can move forward.
“The Fed believed the market could handle it,” said Art Steinmetz, president and chief investment officer at OppenheimerFunds.
With no economic downturn on the horizon, stocks are expected to continue their rise in 2014, with market strategists predicting gains of 6 percent to 8 percent from current levels.
Starting in January, the Fed will reduce its bond-buying program to $75 billion a month from $85 billion now. The so-called tapering will be the first step toward winding down a program that has been in place, in one form or another, since the financial crisis.
By purchasing bonds and depressing yields, the Fed has kept interest rates low and encouraged borrowing and lending. But all that buying has also led investors to shift money into stocks. That’s because the Fed’s purchases made bond prices artificially more expensive in comparison to stocks.
The program has given the Fed a big role in the current bull market. The S&P 500 index has surged about 26 percent since the Fed announced a year ago that it would buy the $85 billion in bonds each month. And since the central bank’s first round of bond buying at the end of 2008, stocks have soared about 124 percent.
In the last month, as signs emerged of that hiring was picking up, the housing market was improving and manufacturing was strengthening, investors grew more confident that markets could gain traction without stimulus.
The Fed also said Wednesday it is likely to keep cutting its bond purchases. Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke, who is nearing the end of his tenure, said the bank will likely vote for “measured reductions” in upcoming meetings, as long as the economy shows improvement.
Bernanke also said Janet Yellen, who becomes Fed chairwoman once she is confirmed by the Senate, “fully supports” the bank’s decision to start reducing the stimulus.
Wednesday’s pullback was a surprise to the market, as most strategists and economists expected the Fed to wait until March before pulling back. But investors say it is a welcome surprise.
“We finally have something in motion,” said Frank Davis, director of trading at LEK Securities “and we have details on how it’s going to work, so it’s something the market can embrace.”
Guidelines: Please keep your comments smart and civil. Don't attack other readers personally, and keep your language decent. Comments that violate these standards, or our privacy statement or visitor's agreement, are subject to being removed and commenters are subject to being banned. To post comments, you must be a registered user on toledoblade.com. To find out more, please visit the FAQ. | <urn:uuid:dfe98603-29ed-4e71-97c5-09e6ede436ee> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.toledoblade.com/Stock-Market/2013/12/18/Stocks-soar-as-Fed-cuts-stimulus-citing-jobs.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00254-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965004 | 950 | 1.5 | 2 |
Seventeen years after he fled Britain Asil Nadir finally swept into a British court today flanked by besuited private security guards and trailing a wake of lawyers and journalists.
The 69-year-old tycoon, who last week flew back to the UK from the breakaway Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, appeared at the Old Bailey accused of charges of theft from his Polly Peck empire.
Despite his desire for a speedy conclusion to his case, he was told by judge Mr Justice Bean that any trial will not go ahead until October next year.
Prosecution lawyers and Serious Fraud Office (SFO) investigators must now trace 183 witnesses, some of whom may have died since Nadir, facing allegations over the theft of £34m from Polly Peck, fled beyond the reach of extradition to his native Mediterranean island in May 1993.
The businessman and Conservative party donor, once listed 36th on the Sunday Times Rich List, has made clear he will be attempting to get any case against him overturned, claiming abuse of process.
In the meantime, he remains on conditional bail under curfew and, despite his lawyers' objections, electronically tagged.
A £250,000 bail security has been deposited with the City of London magistrates, and he must reside at his £20,000-a-month rented Mayfair home, where he is subject to a midnight to 6am curfew. He must report each week to Chelsea police station, and has already surrendered his Turkish and British passports.
Dressed in a dark suit, blue shirt and silver-grey tie with matching handkerchief in his breast pocket, he arrived outside the central criminal court in a chauffeur-driven silver Jaguar, accompanied by his wife, Nur, 26, and an entourage in two Mercedes and a black Range Rover.
He smiled for the phalanx of photographers before entering the building and making his way to the glass-fronted dock of court nine.
During the hour-long hearing he spoke only twice, to confirm his name and then to thank the judge as he was released from the dock. With the press benches and public gallery packed, he sat with arms folded and occasionally glanced at his wife, who was sitting in the public gallery.
This was a preliminary hearing in the long-running case, which began when he was charged with 66 counts of theft and false accounting following the collapse of his business empire in 1991.
Given the length of time that Nadir has been in exile, it has not yet been decided exactly what charges he will face. Apart from the number of witnesses, lawyers must also examine a 482-page statement from earlier proceedings.
Suggesting it could take three or four months of work, Philip Shears, QC, for the SFO said: "There is a massive amount of work taking place at the moment to identify those witnesses, make contact with them and establish who may have died. And that is work of some weeks."
But Nadir's barrister, William Clegg QC, argued for a "much tighter timetable", and asked that the exact charges and papers relating to them be served by the prosecution within 28 days. "Mr Nadir is very anxious to have this case heard as soon as possible," he said. "We are anxious, on his behalf, that the crown should not be given more time than is strictly necessary."
Rejecting Nadir's request as "wholly unrealistic", the judge gave the prosecution until 3 December. "The facts of this case, as is very well known, are that in 1993 when a trial was pending Mr Nadir fled the country by air to the non-extraditable destination of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," he said. "Seventeen years later he has decided to return to this country.
"The 17-year delay is not the fault of the prosecution, it is the fault of Mr Nadir".
It emerged during the hearing that some defence papers were missing. "We have none of the papers of the original trial," Clegg told the court. "Solicitors are only required to keep papers for six months after conclusion of the case." He added: "At this moment in time Mr Nadir has some papers. As to how complete they are, we do not know."
A hearing to check the progress of the case is scheduled for 15 October, followed by the first formal hearing in December. The abuse of process argument is expected to be heard in March 2011 and if that fails the trial is scheduled for October that year.
Nadir returned to the UK on 26 August after being given a guarantee that he would be allowed bail while fighting the allegations. | <urn:uuid:2cf81909-8e4c-4b60-8d88-751d9bdd95a7> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/sep/03/asil-nadir-trial-delayed-evidence | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720238.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00190-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.98469 | 951 | 1.53125 | 2 |
by Jerome a Paris
Sun Apr 30th, 2006 at 08:50:22 AM EST
No, probably not the one you were thinking about...
I have in mind the recent war of words between Europe, led by Tony Blair, and Russia about natural gas. Recent news suggest that this new kind of cold war has now expanded to include the Bush administration on the side of Blair and Iran on the side of Russia.
In the current context of tensions with Iran on the nuclear front, I find this very worrying, and absolutely irresponsible form our leaders in Europe and now the US.
The episodes so far:
- Russia temporarily cut gas to Ukraine in January to get higher prices on the gas it delivered to that country. Even though Russia reestablished gas as soon as the Western countries complained (because Ukraine siphoned off some gas fro m Europe-bound exports going through its territory), and thus signalled that its priority would always be the reliability of its supplies, this was seen in the West as Russia flexing its "gas weapon" (see Russian-Ukrainian gas deal - what's behind it? (Jan. 4));
- the UK is running out of natural gas faster than expected, as North Sea production is now in rapid decline. This has created, in the absence of available alternatives (and also due to an accident as a storage facility) some brutal natural gas price spikes (up to the equivalent of 240$/bl of oil equivalent - see Countdown to 100$ oil (22) - gas shortages in the UK - 240$/boe), and panic within the Blair government, worried that it would be blamed for its lack of foresight. (see EU Energy reform = give Britain access to the continent's cheap spare capacity);
- Blair tried to put the blame on "European protectionism" and companies from France, Belgium or elsewhere supposedly hoarding the gas for nationalistic reasons rather than selling it to the UK at higher prices. He called for further deregulation, and for European authorities to crack down on the evil continental protectionists (when it is actually European energy liberalisation that forbids gas deliveries to the UK!
- at the same time, it suggested creating a single European negotiator to get a better deal with the Russian monopoly exporter, while encouraging longstanding EU efforts to get Russia to open up its pipeline network to Western companies (see The marketistas want to break Gazprom);
- Blair's hypocrisy was revealed in all its splendor when it turned out that the UK government had actually tried to block the takeover of Centrica, a UK gas distributor, by Gazprom, for purely nationalistic reasons (see A European government caught being protectionist);
- Gazprom, miffed by these revelations, and already annoyed by the atmosphere of hostility against them, and the calls for diversification away from Russian gas, started saying that it should also start diversifying away from European clients and find new ones in the USA (via LNG) or in China (via new pipelines) (see UK protectionism threatens European gas supplies);
- the English press started publishing hysterical studies about Europe running out of gas and increasingly dependent on unreliable and increasingly dictatorial Russia, about Putin wielding the energy weapon against the clueless Europeans, and, again, the need to diversify away from Russian gas (not, mind you, by actually using less gas, but by finding it elsewhere, like the Caspian or Iran);
Iran, did you say Iran? Oops.
And this brings us to the stories of this week-end:
EU meeting 'persuaded Putin to sign Chinese gas deal' (Financial Times, 29 April)
A meeting between Vladimir Putin and Jose Manuel Barroso, European Commission president, had been a "final straw" in persuading the Russian president to sign a big gas deal with China, Gazprom's chief executive told European ambassadors last week
Alexei Miller said Mr Putin had been "taken aback" by what he understood as suggestions from Mr Barroso that the European Union wanted to keep Gazprom's share of the EU gas market within certain limits, and might use competition policy tools to do so.
The two presidents' Moscow meeting on March 17 helped confirm Mr Putin's decision to conclude a long-stalled framework agreement to supply gas to China when he visited Beijing five days later, Mr Miller added.
Mr Miller had lunch with EU ambassadors and diplomats in Moscow 11 days ago. The lunch spawned a Gazprom press release in which Mr Miller warned that the Russian gas monopoly might shift the focus of its expansion to North America and China if its European growth plans were blocked.
One diplomat and another person familiar with events at the lunch said that Mr Miller devoted only a small part of his 90-minute talk to the warning. Many comments aimed to reassure ambassadors that Gazprom would be a reliable supplier, these people said.
They added that the Gazprom chief did not criticise individual states. Mr Miller's warning had been interpreted in part as a response to moves by countries such as France to protect national energy champions, and reports that the UK had examined ways of blocking a mooted Gazprom bid for Centrica, the biggest UK gas supplier. Tony Blair, the UK prime minister, later signalled that his government would not attempt such action.
A couple of points:
- Barroso is Blair's pal at the EU, so anything he does or says these days can safely be assumed to be agreed with Blair;
- the attempt to blame French protectionism here is particularly cheeky, as Gazprom's reactions have been very directly triggered by UK decisions regarding Centrica, and Barroso declarations regarding Russia's "need" to open its gas pipelines versus Europe's legitimate reasons not to open its downstream gas distribution markets to Gazprom. France has had the same confrontational policy viz. Gazprom for the past 30 years and nothing has changed there - and the two countries trade gas nevertheless in a very stable relationship, because there are no hidden expectations.
- the "contract" with China is far from being a contract yet. It's yet another declaration of intent. A gas contract and, more importantly, a pipeline are still far off as the Chinese are not willing to commit to the volumes of gas and prices required to finance such a pipeline. (see A pipeline is like a marriage with kids (Dec. 16))
And now we bring the US and Iran in the game...
US seeks to limit Gazprom hold on Europe (Financial Times, 29 April)
The Bush administration is seeking to curb Moscow's influence in the Caucasus and central Asia and weaken Gazprom's growing hold over gas supplies to Europe with an effort to promote new oil and gas corridors that would bypass Russia and exclude Iran.
US intentions were highlighted on Friday when President George W. Bush welcomed President Ilham Aliyev of Azerbaijan to the White House, stressing the importance of their security and energy relationship.
Next week's visit to Kazakhstan by Dick Cheney, the vice president, is further evidence that the US wants to shore up ties with key partners in central Asia, having lost access to a major military base in Uzbekistan last year. The vice president will use the visit to press for closer energy ties between Kazakhstan and Europe.
Currently, BP is building a gas pipeline from Azerbaijan to Turkey (in addition, and in parallel, to the BTC, an oil pipeline), which will create a potential new route for gas to Europe, as there are serious talks under way (project Nabucco) to build a new gas pipeline from Turkey to Austria. Thus, natural gas from neither Russia nor Iran could be - and will indeed be - provided to Western Europe (but in fairly small volumes to start with).
But analysts are concerned that an overall hardening of US policy towards Moscow could drive Russia and Iran, which together hold nearly half the world's gas reserves, into an energy-based alliance.
A senior financier told the Financial Times that Iran, which is competing with Gazprom to provide gas to the Caucasus, was considering a switch in policy by selling its gas to Russia through central Asia because the US was blocking its access to Europe and India.
Two things here:
- Iran has been unable to negotiate any gas deals because it has not yet accepted the contractual requisites to build a full gas "chain", and has only itself to blame for failing to develop export markets, whether by pipeline or by LNG. So its declarations of intent here have to be taken with a grain of salt here, because they have so obviously failed to deliver on their previous announcements (and I know, I went several times to Tehran in 1998-2000 when they had big LNG plans - which they have so far completely failed to take anywhere. It would have been easy to finance and build, but they refused the structures that are required in that business);
- it is nevertheless interesting that Iran and Russia make such public noises of cooperation in that sector, even if they don't actually deliver on them. It works to create a frenzy in our gullible media, and it feeds into our politicians who can act tough and manly to take care of our "energy security". But it creates a vicious circle: if we believe these announcements, and start making our own to "protect" ourselves, we make it more likely that these things will actually happen.
Lack of investment by Gazprom, which supplies Europe with about a quarter of its gas, means that Russia will be increasingly reliant on buying gas from central Asia or Iran to help meet its subsidised domestic needs and export commitments. Cliff Kupchan, analyst with the Eurasia Group consultancy, said he had a different understanding: that Russia and Iran would co-ordinate their gas export policies, with Moscow selling to the west and Iran to the east.
The first sentence is something I disagree profoundly with. Gazprom has no shortage of gas; it is not producing more because it has no market for more gas today. Any additional gas it produces today would be delivered at cheap fixed tariffs on the domestic market because Gazprom already exports all the Europe will take. It is busy building new export routes (the pipeline under the Baltic Sea to Germany) to increase capacity and future deliveries, and it will increase production then to fulfill its commitments. Similarly, it needs to develop contracts with China to build the pipeline before it makes sense for it to increase production.
The second sentence, about sharing the market, might make sense if the Russian-Iranian alliance does gel. But that means that we will have pushed them in each others' arms because the two countries, as the holders of the biggest gas reserves, are structurally competitors for export markets. That would a terrible outcome for us, but one that our clueless and "tough" politicians seem intent to achieve in record time.
The stage is set for a bidding war between Russia, China and western energy companies over central Asian oil and gas.
Deals are proceeding at a bewildering speed. Turkmenistan signed a framework deal in Beijing this month to sell gas to China, while Nursultan Nazarbayev, Kazakhstan president, visited Moscow for an agreement to double the capacity of a major oil pipeline for exports to Russia.
But the US wants Kazakhstan to look in a different direction, with officials outlining their desire to see a gas pipeline from Kazakhstan's Kashagan field across the Caspian, linking with Azerbaijan's Shah Deniz field and then heading west to Europe via Georgia rather than north through Russia.
Remember that, in the gas business, there are lots more announcements than actual transactions. The above sentence, as all too often in the press, mixes oil and gas together although they are almost totally separate businesses. Kashagan is mostly an oil field. There is a gas field not too far away, called Karachaganak, developed by BG, Agip and Chevron, which would need a gas export route and might benefit from exports via Azerbaijan. But it's silly to mix the two. (see Caspian Oil - a Sunday Special for more background on the main Caspian oil&gas fields).
As I have posted in this diary (Pipeline economics - why the Afghan pipeline will NOT be built), no gas pipeline form Turkmenistan will be built for a long, long time because it makes no sense whatsoever to do so, while an existing, and mostly empty pipeline going to Russia already exisitng and allowing Russia to undercut any potential other buyer of Turkmen gas, which would need to pay for a new several-billion-dollar pipeline in addition to paying for the gas, and thus could not compete wiht the Russian price for the gas).
So most of these announcements are just fluff. (If you do not believe me, just google "PSG", a pipeline project form Turkmenistan to Turkey that was long pushed by the US in the late 90s against the Russian Blue Stream. Anyone knowing the business knew that one would be built (and indeed it was), and another would not (and indeed it wasn't) and yet for years the press was full of stories about the PSG being the future and the Blue Stream being a pie-in-the sky dream. Please trust me over breathless announcements in the press on this. It's my job.
What I see so far is an ugly war of words waged in public with little regard for the underlying (and complex) reality of the gas business. This might be mostly harmless if we were not in a context of tensions with Iran on the nuclear front where Russia plays a vital role. Russia can play a useful role in the negotiations with Iran, but if it gets pushed into the Iranian side because of the hostility and hypocrisy it sees from the West on the gas front, we'll have lost yet another occasion to find a peaceful accomodation with Iran. | <urn:uuid:14c8aa39-ca5d-463f-8ff0-8a5329a78f75> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.eurotrib.com/story/2006/4/30/85022/0161 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00440-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964928 | 2,821 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Gardeners’ World expert gives advice on watering plants in pots
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Planting your freesia bulbs is all about timing to give these bright petals a chance to bloom in your summer garden – and knowing how to plant them properly for strong-rooted growth is key to securing a repeated flowering period year after year. Caring for this perennial is just as important as planting it correctly and this is how you should do it.
When to plant freesias
Freesias are best-planted in well-drained soil as they are prone to rotting when waterlogged.
While these pretty-petalled plants are versatile in where they can be planted, they are not a frost-hardy species so can only be planted outdoors in spring or early summer.
The exact planting time depends on where you are growing your freesias as their blooming period will vary depending on their growing environment.
With September right around the corner, the time is right to be planting freesias in your favourite pots around the house.
Freesias grown indoors should be planted in autumn to bloom in late winter.
You can repeat the planting process from January to March for an early summer freesia bloom in your home.
Outdoor growing freesias should be planted from April to June and should begin to shoot around a month after planting.
How to plant freesias
On its website, Gardener’s World says: “Plant freesia corms in well-drained soil or potting compost pointy-end up, at a depth of three to five centimetres and spaced five centimetres apart.
“Water well and then stand the pot in a cool, shaded, frost free place – a temperature of around 5°C is ideal.
“After three to four weeks when shoots appear, move into a warmer and sunny position.”
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The colourful display offered by freesias is ideal for a scented retreat in your garden and their colour range looks nothing short of spectacular during their five-week flowering period.
Offering zingy yellow, pinks, reds and pastel shades, freesias can spruce up a dull corner of your garden or add a pop of colour to a white backdrop in your home.
These highly perfumed and easy to grow plants also come in white petalled varieties and fill your home and garden with a pleasant scent throughout most of the summer – and even in winter if you’re planting indoors right about now.
Re-use your freesia bulbs
One of the best things about freesia bulbs is that they can be recycled and grown once again the following year after flowering.
When freesias reach the end of their flowering period in summer, all you need to do is cut the faded flowers and stems and reduce your watering routine as the leaves fade into a yellow hue and die off.
Dry the bulbs and store in a cool, dry environment ahead of the following year.
Freesias are an overseas plant so enjoy more tropical climates similar to their South African roots.
They do best in warm, sheltered environments with lots of sun and look lovely on well-lit window-sills and look effortless when potted around porches or conservatories.
It’s important to keep your freesias balanced with warmth as over-exposure to heat can result in weak, spindly growth and defeat the longevity of these stunningly bright blooms.
Source: Read Full Article | <urn:uuid:ecf0b2da-7122-4d66-9b76-8cd4906841d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://successfulhomegardening.com/homes-and-gardens/how-to-plant-freesia-bulbs-a-guide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.939476 | 862 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Questions: Is there any reasonable argument against the idea that a strong societal need exists for a child to grow up with the ability to function in the broader society? Is there any reasonable argument against the idea that a strong individual need exists in every person to develop one’s own sense of being in childhood? Is there any reasonable argument against the idea that these and other diverse childhood needs require time, adult guidance, opportunities for societal interaction, and a place to occur? Is there any reasonable argument against the idea that the public/private school system has a responsibility to address these and other similar questions?
Surely, any reasonable person would say that, no, there are no reasonable arguments against these kind of assertions. Nevertheless, there are arguments that exist about certain aspects of these assertions, such as, what the “broader society” is; what a healthy sense of being within that context appears to be; how much time, in what place, and in what way adult guidance occurs; how much of the work of raising children the job of the school system is. And in a world of finite resources, the debate swells over how much is affordable.
It appears that the State of Arizona and the United States have concluded that not much is affordable and therefore, given the immensity that the task of educating all the children is, the economical route of one-size-fits-all mass indoctrination must be followed. This direction is no more apparent than in the case of Arizona’s new English Language Learner (ELL) directives to all the State schools.
The loudest voices kept clamoring for English-proficient citizens that can competently read and write in the official language of the US. Again, there is a very strong argument for English competency for citizens to function in the broader society. According to these loudest voices, however, nearly two-thirds of a child’s school day must be spent meeting this societal need- apparently at the expense of addressing the other diverse childhood needs. For nearly two-thirds of a child’s school day to be spent exclusively in an ELL pullout program is an extremely unwise monopolization of time, and yet another example of socialization into mainstream society at any cost- even one’s chance at a well-rounded childhood within the context of their own community.
For predominantly Native communities particularly, Arizona’s new ELL policy is a throwback to the “bad old days” when schools operated under the philosophy of “Kill the Indian, Save the Man”, only with a new twist: instead of sending the children off to a boarding school environment, the State is bring the boarding school environment into the public school districts.
This may or may not be a case of intentional cultural genocide, but such a complete indifference by State officials to all the other diverse needs of growing children smacks of tyranny to the Native people who have been still struggling to recover from past efforts at eradicating their way of life. It violates the civil rights of children. It violates existing federal and state laws concerning civil rights, and those of Native people in particular. It violates the professional educational concept of best practices (pdf). And, it violates my right as a teacher in a Native community to express myself professionally according to all of the above rights of the community and its people.
Worse, and so ironically because it is unintentional collateral damage- surely unforeseen- is the growing number of professionally-trained teachers, who, upon being obliquely told that all their years of hard work, study, and experience have been essentially a waste of time, leaving the teaching profession, as the “one size fits all” ELL mandate, along with an increased dependence on programmed, scripted learning programs, have taken over the school systems. Rural areas are now experiencing a chronic lack of teachers. Prospective teachers are taking one look at the current state of educational opportunities and are just turning and walking away, shaking their heads in shocked astonishment.
It is one thing to provide ELL resources to schools, to promote ELL best practices, to offer incentives for districts that are ably moving forward, and/or to create demonstration schools as models for success. However, Arizona is doing little of that. Instead, it is dictating a time segment of every day for an ELL pullout program. And it is not just for one period per day; not just two or three periods per day. It is for four periods a day, at least half a school day for most public schools.
A personal experience here: I spent three years obtaining the 26 credits- nine courses- necessary for an English as a Second Language (ESL) endorsement on my teaching certificate, all while working full-time in the classroom. It was a lot of work, costing hundreds of dollars, but I proved I was able to succeed in an ESL classroom. Now, I am being told that all the coursework and years of experience count for nothing. My ELL students will be pulled out of my classrooms, separated from their classmates, preventing my chance to teach to them, preventing their chance to learn from me, creating likely social divisions and other stigmas within the student body, and potentially shattering the entire community as a result.
Is there a more pertinent example of cultural genocide than that? Similar effects were the results of the boarding school days of time gone past.
Young people suffer compulsory education during school, then grow up to find themselves lost upon graduation. Human vices prevail for far too long and for far too many people in a shattered community. Elders want to help, but the children are all herded into schools, sequestered within a permanent soft lockdown environment, mostly inaccessible to their own community during school hours. People are dying to share their years of accumulated wisdom with the children, but with rare exceptions are being prevented from doing so in any kind of structured way within the school system. Then along comes another state and federal mandate that monopolizes the available time in a child’s day and narrowly restricts what can be taught, how it is to be taught, who can teach it, and what defines success.
In some contexts the label ELL is a sign of a language deficiency in a child. However, in a Native culture, and in other contexts, ELL is an indication of hope that a child is still being raised in a strong, Native cultural environment. Laws mandating fixed hours of ELL instruction are crushing that hope, as if grinding Native cultural aspirations under the heels of jackbooted thugs, more interested in producing compliant workers serving powerful moneyed interests rather than informed citizens capable of succeeding in life, and making valuable contributions to their own communities.
Those who would put their ideology over others are practicing a modern version of Manifest Destiny. This is what is going on in public schools in Native communities. Indigenous languages are being lost at an alarming rate. Native people do not wish to lose their language. When language is lost, cultural practices and traditions follow. Native people want to retain their culture, not lose it.
As a teacher, I have met with hundreds of parents, the overwhelming majority of who are Native people. Did any of our legislators even attempt to listen to these parents as they were writing this ELL law? I can say with complete confidence that these parents all want their child to succeed, whether in their own community, or somewhere else in the “culturally foreign” world. In fact, they want both. Instead, they are continually facing hubris-saturated legislated opposition to their legitimate wishes.
What the Arizona legislature fails to realize is just how pathetic the State’s school system is in the eyes of not only these parents, but also in the eyes of educators everywhere. They fail to realize the consequences of their education legislation in terms of financial cost as well as social cost. The culturally oppressive mandates of the Arizona legislature serve to reinforce the imperialistic roots of the English-speaking power elite in this state. The reasoning for English-only laws and ELL rules in the classrooms falters in the presence of best practices, further reinforcing its racist nature. Whenever the spectre of racism is invoked, policymakers vehemently deny it is the motivation behind their policies. Yet to an oppressed culture, there is little difference between overt racism and the de facto racism these policies engender.
And make no mistake, ELL policies that monopolize the time children must spend learning English only are culturally invasive, by definition. It is one thing when an invasive plant or animal (think zebra mussel) takes over a piece of the natural landscape. But humans are supposed to be able to do better. History is full of examples of when people do better. Sadly, this is not one of those times. The rationale of Manifest Destiny looms again, conveniently obscuring a gross violation of the civil rights of an oppressed people. In the face of historical facts, how can anyone be okay with that?
Where is the data that even hints that the Arizona ELL laws are anything but a miserly, money-saving response to the Flores decision (pdf)? How cynically unfair is the attitude behind legislation that sells out Dine’ and other cultures just to save a buck, and then congratulates itself for being so thrifty! There are certainly plenty reasons to be thrifty- it is a virtue, after all- but the real truth is that per pupil costs in Arizona (pdf) reflect more than thriftiness. Per pupil costs in Arizona sadly also reflect a violation of civil rights of minorities, as shown through the ELL laws.
To whomever asserts that this is a debatable issue, all I can ask is since when are civil rights in the US a debatable issue?
For the past 13 years, I have had the honor to live and teach in Navajoland. It is a responsibility that I do not take lightly. The patience of the people helped me to understand their culture, their community, their hopes and dreams, as well as their expectations for me as a teacher. The people of Navajoland do not expect me to replace their culture with my own, although they do expect me to prepare their children to participate in the greater (though not necessarily better) society. There is a difference. An educational policy that dictates to a community how much time every day is spent in an ELL pullout program is an example of the former. It not only elbows out community standards, it presumes to judge the community’s culture on that basis. This is prejudice. Again, the Dine’ people have acknowledged, all the way back to the days of Manuelito and Barboncito, the importance of public education for their children. In Navajo culture, prejudice is disrespectful. What is it today in the greater society of Arizona?
Why is disrespect for Native cultures considered a necessary evil in today’s society, as it was in the boarding school days? How much longer must we labor under the philosophy of “Kill the Indian, Save the Man”, that was so zealously followed in the past that entire tribal cultures were destroyed in the process? Make no mistake about it: Such an attitude is not only disrespectful, it is genocidal. This is the shameful legacy we Americans must endure, but surely not prolong. To follow such a policy toward Native people, and then be in denial about its racist and prejudicial basis bespeaks of indifference, uncaring, cynicism, and disrespect that is hardly any more virtuous than the overt racism of an earlier time. It is still wrong, and it is astonishing to me how the the ELL policies that are an outgrowth of this attitude became law in this, the twenty-first century.
If, in fact, the Arizona legislature is sincere about supporting English education in public schools, they would assign their aides the task of reviewing and summarizing for them the professional literature on ELL best practices. They would establish their own set of standards concerning bills that would correctly address civil rights issues in the lawmaking process. They would stop calling their lack of fiscal support for public education a virtue, and they would learn to work with Native, and other minority, cultures in a way that benefits all, rather than solely the business community’s need for cheap, urban labor. | <urn:uuid:bf97299a-a0ac-4c8e-82cb-a0f40932ceba> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rainbowstorm.org/ellandback/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00412-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965633 | 2,516 | 2.375 | 2 |
The Scottish Council for Voluntary Organisations (SCVO) has today released a short film showcasing the difference that charities, community groups and social enterprises are making to people and communities during the coronavirus pandemic.
The film – created by Media Co-op - is part of the #NeverMoreNeeded campaign, a national effort to help remind everyone how essential the voluntary sector is now and in the future, featuring volunteers, staff and service users from Penumbra, Scouts Scotland, Cornerstone, Home Start, Food Train and Maryhill Integration Network's Joyous Choir.
Over the past 12 months SCVO has collated the experiences of staff and volunteers in the voluntary sector, encouraging organisations to share their experiences of delivering services during the pandemic and sharing how coronavirus has impacted their work. It has also created web resources to help charities share their impact and show businesses and the public how they can support organisations during this time.
Anna Fowlie, Chief Executive of SCVO, said: “As we come out of lockdown, we are asking people to remember that Scotland’s charities, community and voluntary sector organisations have kept people safe in their homes during the most challenging year many of us have ever known. They’ve made sure people have food, medicine, digital devices, activities, company and counselling, and their work has been never more needed.
“SCVO is saying thank you to the thousands of people and organisations that contributed to this huge effort. Charities have lost millions through cancelled fundraising events and other activities, so we’re calling on everyone to give as much time, money and goods as they can to the organisations that have helped them over the last year and those who will be there as we emerge into recovery.” | <urn:uuid:f7048501-6471-4aa2-b609-786b3ba7069b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scvo.scot/p/43350/2021/04/28/nevermoreneeded-campaign-film-showcases-work-of-voluntary-sector | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.975295 | 362 | 1.625 | 2 |
EXHIBITION | March 14 – 18, 2015 | Unintended Journeys – Human Displacements in the Wake of Environmental Disasters –
Unintended Journeys is a contemporary photo show focusing on environmental refugees, with particular emphasis on migration and displacements within the last decade due to natural disasters and global climate change. Most of the photos were taken by Magnum Photos and the exhibition will provide a personal human face to some of the most important mass human displacements in recent times.
For more information:
2015.09.04EVENT | September 7, 2015 | Think Globally, Act Locally – commemorative event
2015.03.25NEWS | Ban Ki-moon Addresses Tohoku University Symposium
2015.03.12EVENT | March 15, 2015 | Lessons learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake
2015.03.10EXHIBITION | March 14 – 18, 2015 | Tsunami forecasting technology based on real-time geodetic observation
2015.03.10EVENT | March 15, 2015 | Social Implementation of Disaster Robots and Systems – Current State, Gap and Action Plans for the Future | <urn:uuid:c8d1e125-6835-43bb-8a33-69f8ef932c44> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.academicimpact.jp/tohoku/topics/2015/02/13133926/150/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.867668 | 256 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Nearly half of Americans don't have enough money saved up to cover three months of expenses, and 28 percent haven't saved a penny for emergencies, according to a new survey.
The Bankrate.com report recommends Americans have enough money in savings to cover six months of lost wages. Only 24 percent of the nation meets that goal. Another 49 percent don't have enough money saved to cover three months of expenses. And 28 percent have no cushion whatsoever—up from 24 percent last year, according to the report, which is based on a survey of 1,000 adults.
The results are better than in 2006, when Bankrate found that 61 percent of Americans didn't have enough emergency savings to last three months.
And overall, American's financial situation is positive, with 24 percent of those surveyed reporting a better overall financial situation compared to one year ago. Currently, 32 percent of those surveyed said they are "less comfortable with their savings," compared with 47 percent one year ago. | <urn:uuid:b9e9c99b-1cc5-4baa-bb67-b9208f744728> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://m.boiseweekly.com/boise/blogs/Post?id=CityDesk&year=2012&month=06&day=25&basename=28-percent-of-americans-have-no-emergency-savings | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00409-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973941 | 198 | 2.140625 | 2 |
I don’t know the origin of the story but from two different priests the story of Regina Riley. Regina Riley’s story many parents can relate to. Then one Sunday morning she got the surprise of her life. Her two sons came in and sat across the aisle from her. Her heart was bursting with joy and gratitude. Afterward, she asked her sons what brought them back to Church. And then her younger son told the story.
One Sunday morning, while vacationing in Colorado, they were driving down a country road and it was raining cats and dogs. And then suddenly they came upon this old man, trudging through the rain with no umbrella, he was soaking wet. And he walked with a noticeable limp. Yet he kept walking on down the road. The brothers stopped to pick him up.
It turned out that he was on his way to Sunday Mass and the Church was 3 miles down the road. So the two brothers picked him up and drove him to the Church. And since the rain was coming down so hard and they had nothing better to do they decided to wait for him and take him back after Mass. Then the two brothers decided they might as well go inside rather than wait outside.
As they listened to the Sunday readings and sat through the Eucharistic prayers and Holy Communion something happened to both of them, something moved them deeply. They told their mother it was like coming home after a long, tiring trip.
This story is very much like the two disciples on the road to Emmaus and meeting up with a stranger, who was Jesus.
If we look at the Emmaus story closely, we can find similarity with Mass? They were thrilled to follow Jesus. After the crucifixion, they are disappointed. Then they had heard a rumor that he had raised, but that didn't seem reasonable.
There is a couple of remarkable points in Emmaus' story. These two disciples had their own stories of good times and bad times. Jesus walked with them explaining the scripture and stayed with and breaks the bread. Later they said to each other, "Were not our hearts burning within us while he spoke to us on the way and opened the Scriptures to us?" The disciples did not realize at the time that their hearts were burning within them, it was only later they realized this.
Another beautiful aspect of the Emmaus story is that Jesus’ whole life is present at that breaking of the bread. When Jesus instituted the Eucharist on Holy Thursday, Jesus did break the bread and gave to them and said, “This is my Body.” But the completion of that sacrifice took place the next day at the Calvary. But at Emmaus, when Jesus shared the scripture with them, the sacrifice is already completed.
Every Mass we gather with our stories of success, joyful moments, and disappointment. We listen to the word of God and offer ourselves at the Mass. Through the scriptures and breaking of the bread, Jesus nourishes us and sends us back to our normal life. The two disciples encountered Jesus at the breaking of the bread in a personal way. The question, do we encounter him?
Now we have to keep social distancing for our safety, but do we take to find time to participate in Mass online or TV and receive him spiritually? This is the time we will be tested in our faith.
When Jesus was sharing the scripture with them, there were burning within them. When Jesus took the bread and blessed, and broke it, and gave it to them, their eyes were opened and they recognized him. Let us ask God to give us all an Emmaus experience in our celebration of the Eucharist. | <urn:uuid:bb67b77a-cf87-421d-9d83-1859dc8863ea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.stanthonysparkfalls.com/fathers-weekly-message/do-i-ever-have-an-emmaus-experience | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.985549 | 766 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Written by Agriland Team
A farmer in Ashburton, New Zealand has achieved the highest wheat yield in the World for the second time.
Eric Watson produced a wheat crop yielding 17.398t/ha (6.93t/ac) last February. He had previously beaten the Guinness World Record in 2017 when he produced a wheat crop yielding 16.791t/ha.
To put things into perspective, average irrigated wheat yields in New Zealand usually come in at around 12t/ha.
Ireland is known for its ability to achieve high wheat yields. In 2019, winter wheat yields across the country averaged 10.10t/ha (4.08t/ac), while spring wheat yielded 8.30t/ha (3.36t/ac).
Commenting on the achievement Eric Watson stated: “We are very proud to have achieved such a result. The Guinness World Record is a nice recognition of our hard work and new innovations we’ve put in place. While we were thrilled with the record result in 2017, we saw ways in which we could make improvements and
achieve an even higher yield.”
By trying new cultivars, switching to liquid nitrogen and monitoring plant health more regularly we were able to achieve another incredible result.
“Because of the high wheat yields we can grow on our farm we are pleased if we see yields increase year-on-year by 100-200kg/ha. So to beat my last crop by almost 600kg/ha exceeded even my hopes,” Watson commented.
Eric Watson and David Weith in the crop of Kerrin wheat
The crop of Kerrin wheat was planted in April 2019 and was harvested on February 17, 2020. The crop was grown for animal feed.
Along the way Eric worked with Bayer Crop Science. David Weith is a Bayer regional manager for mid and south Canterbury and said: “Bayer is focused on improving crop yields through developing innovative products and crop management solutions. Our aim is to assist New Zealand to sustainably become the highest yield-producing country in the world.”
The crop of Kerrin wheat on Eric Watson’s farm
The record attempt was a team partnership and Eric was helped to achieve this result with PGG Wrightson Rural Supplies, Yara Fertilisers, SGS, Davis Ogilvie and Hill Laboratories, all working alongside Bayer Crop Science.
Some of the key facts about the world record are outlined below.
Some key facts about the World Record:
- Location – Paddock 15, Wakanui, Canterbury, New Zealand;
- Yield – 17.398 tonnes/ha (6.93 t/ac or 258.70 bu/ac);
- New Zealand farmers harvest approximately 400,000t of wheat each year (Foundation for Arable Research);
- Wheat is used to produce high-quality ingredients for the food industry in New Zealand and contributes to millions of dollars in export revenue.
The post New world record for highest wheat yield appeared first on Agriland.co.uk.
Continue reading on the Agriland Website... | <urn:uuid:b65f844d-347f-43b8-8c40-d45838599bf2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thefarmingforum.co.uk/index.php?threads/new-world-record-for-highest-wheat-yield.322277/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.946213 | 647 | 1.992188 | 2 |
ابعاد شخصیت، حوزه آسپیراسیون و رفاه ذهنی
|کد مقاله||سال انتشار||مقاله انگلیسی||ترجمه فارسی||تعداد کلمات|
|34527||2000||8 صفحه PDF||سفارش دهید||محاسبه نشده|
Publisher : Elsevier - Science Direct (الزویر - ساینس دایرکت)
Journal : Personality and Individual Differences, Volume 28, Issue 2, February 2000, Pages 347–354
One hundred and seven respondents completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the Aspiration Index, as well as measures of happiness, self-actualization, and self-esteem. Scores on the personality and aspiration scales were entered together in a regression equation to predict scores on happiness, self-actualization, and self-esteem. In accord with previous research it was found that greater extraversion and lower rated importance of financial success were associated with higher scores on happiness, self-actualization, and self-esteem. We also found that likelihood of financial success was associated with higher scores on self-esteem, likelihood of self-acceptance was associated with higher scores on self-actualization, and likelihood of community feeling was associated with higher scores on happiness.
Over the past decade, psychologists have become increasingly interested in what makes people happy. One avenue of research that has attracted much attention is the relationship between personality and happiness. Much research has now accumulated showing that extraversion is positively associated with well-being (Argyle and Lu, 1990, Brebner et al., 1995, Furnham and Brewin, 1990 and Headey and Wearing, 1989; Hotard, McFatter, McWhirter & Stegall, 1989; Lu, 1995, Lu and Argyle, 1991, Lu and Shih, 1997 and Lu et al., 1997) and that neuroticism is negatively associated with well-being (Argyle and Lu, 1990, Brebner et al., 1995, Furnham and Brewin, 1990, Headey and Wearing, 1989 and Hotard et al., 1989) (for reviews see Argyle, 1987, Eysenck, 1990 and Myers and Diener, 1995). However, because personality is conceptualised as an unchanging aspect of the person, knowing that personality is related to well being offers only very limited implications for psychotherapeutic practice. But, personality typically accounts for no more than 30% of the variance on well-being measures, and so there does remain much interest in discovering what other potentially modifiable factors are related to well being. Another more recent approach to the study of well being which does provide a basis for psychotherapeutic practice is the focus on personal strivings (Emmons, 1986 and Emmons, 1991), personal goals (Brunstein, 1993) and aspirations in life (Kasser and Ryan, 1993 and Kasser and Ryan, 1996). This more recent line of work draws on the humanistic theories of Rogers, 1963 and Maslow, 1954, and Fromm (1976) in suggesting that the choices we make in life about what is important and what we want determine our level of well-being. Kasser and Ryan (1993) investigated the association between self-relevant values and expectations and psychological well-being, finding that when goals regarding extrinsic rewards or the contingent approval of others are more central to an individual than goals concerning intrinsic rewards, lower well-being occurs. Specifically, what Kasser and Ryan (1993) found was that well-being was negatively associated with a predominance of extrinsic life goals, i.e., aspirations towards financial success, and positively associated with a predominance of intrinsic life goals, i.e., aspirations towards affiliation, community, and self-acceptance. Kasser and Ryan (1996) present similar data. These data remain to be replicated in Britain. These studies, as well as others (King & Napa, 1998), provide support for the humanistic theories which emphasise intrinsic rather than extrinsic values as central to well being. The objective of the present study is to investigate the association between personality, self-relevant intrinsic and extrinsic values and expectations, and psychological well-being. Are domains of aspiration able to explain variance in well being over and above dimensions of personality? If so, the emphasis on life goals and values is of potential importance in understanding how subjective well-being can be enhanced. | <urn:uuid:5c1ff1fd-8b5a-4c1e-b6cd-47329687fc82> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://isiarticles.com/article/34527 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722459.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00344-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925993 | 1,025 | 2.03125 | 2 |
For Western blot data to be reliable, it is important that you load known amounts of sample into each lane of the gel. This is of particular importance if you are doing a quantitative blot, where you really need to be able to compare band intensity in each sample. In this article, we’ll talk about different ways to equalize protein loading when running SDS-PAGE gels.
There are two main ways to ensure that you’re loading equal amounts of protein:
Using equal amounts of total protein
There are several ways to measure total protein content in your samples. Perhaps the most common method is the Bradford assay, which is a colour reactive assay. Other systems are available to use with samples that contain detergents, or are otherwise unsuitable for Bradford. The most commonly used standard for assays like the Bradford assay is BSA (bovine serum albumin), which has a somewhat atypical amino acid composition. A better option is BGG (bovine gamma globulin), which has an amino acid composition that is more reflective of an “average” protein. For a good discussion of different protein measurement techniques, see this article. Ensuring the wells have equal “total protein” when they are initially loaded will mean the results are comparable across your gels.
Using equal amounts of starting material
Another way to equalize loading is by equalizing the amount of starting material. This is easy to do if you quantify your samples by weight, chlorophyll content, or cell number before you begin your protein extraction. Cell number can be determined by counting on a hemocytometer or by measuring OD on a spectrophotometer. If your samples have dramatically different values for any particular parameter, then you can load different volumes of protein accordingly; for example, if sample A weighs twice as much a sample B, then you would load twice the volume of sample B for your gel.
Regardless of which technique you use to load consistent amounts of your sample, keep in mind that loading equal volumes in each well is the best approach. If the volumes you load in adjacent wells are significantly different, you can end up with “skinny” lanes that get compressed due to pressure from the overly full lanes. You can easily avoid this problem by adding loading buffer (which usually contains a dye and some inert heavy substance like glycerol) to smaller samples to equalize the volume.
For more information, check out this video from Agrisera.
Imagine pipetting your publication experiment and then your favourite lab mate has an urgent question, which of course you helpfully answer. But when you finally turn back to your experiment you suddenly are not sure which pipetting step you were at. It’s happened to us all! Efficiently keeping track of your samples in a sometimes […]
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An error occured while registering you, please reload the page and try again | <urn:uuid:918edbc2-d97b-426c-a766-d034f9c59f3e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://bitesizebio.com/8272/how-do-you-make-sure-that-your-western-blots-are-evenly-loaded/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719027.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00301-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929868 | 674 | 2.75 | 3 |
Temple Grandin meets Stephen Pinker in this engaging and informative look at what goes on inside the minds of dogs—from a cognitive scientist with a background at the New Yorker.
With more than 52 million pet dogs in America today, it’s clear we are a nation of unabashed dog-lovers. Yet the relationship between dogs and humans remains a fascinating mystery, as no one really knows what goes on in the canine mind. Now, in Inside of a Dog, Alexandra Horowitz fuses her perspectives as both scientist and dog-owner to deliver a fresh look at the world of dogs—as seen from the animal’s point of view. Inspired by her years of living with her own dog, Pumpernickel, who was a constant source of delight and mystery, Horowitz’s mind became filled with questions and ideas. In crisp, clear prose, she draws on her research in the field of dog cognition to give readers a sense of a dog’s perceptual and cognitive abilities—and paints a picture of what the canine experience is like. Horowitz’s own scientific journey, and the insights she uncovered, allowed her to understand her dog better and appreciate her more.
Containing up-to-the minute research and providing many moments of dog-behavior recognition, this lively and absorbing book helps dog owners to see their best friend’s behavior in a different, and revealing light, allowing them to understand their pets and enjoy their company even more. Download and start listening now! | <urn:uuid:b1da329b-2784-4739-afec-94ec038e46e9> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://audiobookstore.com/audiobooks/inside-of-a-dog.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721555.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00180-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95621 | 307 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Orion/Documentation/User Guide/Tasks/Working with Git
< Orion | Documentation | User Guide
Revision as of 14:44, 17 October 2012 by Susan franklin.us.ibm.com
- 1 Working with Git
- 1.1 Cloning a Repository
- 1.2 Committing Changes
- 1.3 Fetching and Merging from a Remote
- 1.4 Pushing to a Remote
- 1.5 Working with Branches
- 1.6 Rebasing Changes
- 1.7 Making a Patch
- 1.8 Applying a Patch
- 1.9 Finding a Commit
- 1.10 Preparing a Code Contribution for Review
- 1.11 Reviewing a Code Contribution
- 1.12 Storing Credentials
- 1.13 Comparing Changes in the Repository History
Working with Git
Cloning a Repository
- Go to the Repositories page
- Click Clone Repository in the tool bar.
- Type or paste in the URL for the repository in the prompt.
- By default, a folder will be created using the name of the Git repository. Press Enter or click Submit to get the default folder.
- Click the <More> button if you wish to provide a different name or clone the repository into an already existing folder.
- Press the Esc key to cancel the clone if you change your mind. | <urn:uuid:9aab1b5f-afc6-43d4-9a6b-f8c581f8b90a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wiki.eclipse.org/index.php?title=Orion/Documentation/User_Guide/Tasks/Working_with_Git&oldid=319006 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00493-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.737903 | 298 | 2.484375 | 2 |
How to Use CSS3 Text Shadows and Internet Explorer Filters
Text shadows are one of the really nice capabilities that came along with CSS3 (and secretly a boon for SEO). They allow designers to eliminate the use of images for headers where you wanted drop shadows to create 3D-looking text, turning what was once spider-unfriendly headers into spider-friendly readable text that makes both designers and SEOs happy.
The text-shadow is supported by current versions of Firefox, Safari, and Chrome. Unfortunately, Internet Explorer is way behind the times with this implementation of CSS3 and requires that you use their proprietary Filters which do not render as nice of effects.
How to Create CSS3 Text Shadows for Firefox, Safari, and Chrome
The quickest way to create the code for your text shadows is to use a generator. being a visual person, my personal favorite is https://css3generator.com/ since I can see exactly what the code will render like and can tweak away until content without repeatedly uploading a style sheet and refreshing my browser over and over.
Your other option is to write the code yourself. It’s pretty simple to do since the syntax is very straightforward:
text-shadow: h-shadow v-shadow blur color;
- h-shadow Required. The position of the horizontal shadow. Negative values are allowed
- v-shadow Required. The position of the vertical shadow. Negative values are allowed
- blur Optional. The blur distance
- color Optional. The color of the shadow. Look at CSS Color Values for a complete list of possible color values
text-shadow: 1px 1px #CCCCCC;
Heading With a Text Shadow
How to Create CSS3 Text Shadows for Internet Explorer
Personally, I am not a fan of how the DropShadow fillet for Internet Explorer renders, particularly at small sizes. I’ve included the code information here for your testing, but personally, I still use conditional statements to substitute images or other text effects for Internet Explorer rather than using this code.
Drop Shadow Filter
filter: dropshadow(color=#, offx=, offy=);
- color Color for the drop shadow effect. Hex value.
- offX Number of pixels shadow is offset in x-axis
- offY Number of pixels shadow is offset in y-axis
- positive Optional. Non-zero value create drop shadow for any non-transparent pixel, false or zero value creates shadow for any transparent pixel in visual object.
filter: dropshadow(color=#CCCCCC, offx=1, offy=1, Positive=1);
Heading With a Text Shadow in IE
filter: shadow(color=#, direction=);
- Color Sets or retrieves the value of the color applied with the filter.
- Direction Sets or retrieves the direction that the filter’s effect is offset.
- Enabled Optional. Sets or retrieves a value that indicates whether the filter is enabled.
- Strength Optional. Sets or retrieves the distance, in pixels, that a filter effect extends.
filter: shadow(color=#CCCCCC, Direction=45); | <urn:uuid:86af9f45-0755-4fdd-b7ce-048cccd0586c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://creative.qat.com/css3-text-shadows-and-internet-explorer-filters/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.753142 | 690 | 2 | 2 |
Barack Obama has spoken out against Proposition 8, the proposed California constitutional amendment which takes away the right of same-sex couples to marry.
In a letter to the Alice B. Toklas Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) Democratic Club in San Francisco, Barack said:
“I am proud to join with and support the LGBT community in an effort to set our nation on a course that recognizes LGBT Americans with full equality under the law. That is why I support extending fully equal rights and benefits to same-sex couples under both state and federal law. That is why I support repealing the Defense of Marriage Act and the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy, and the passage of laws to protect LGBT Americans from hate crimes and employment discrimination. And that is why I oppose the divisive and discriminatory efforts to amend the California Constitution, and similar efforts to amend the U.S. Constitution or those of other states.”
Northeast LA’s Uptown Gay and Lesbian Alliance (UGLA) applauds Barack’s support. For too long, issues important to the LGBT community have been used as fodder for right-wing fundraising and to scare voters. Scheming super-strategist Karl Rove mastered this technique in 2004 with GOP engineered discriminatory ballot measures in 11 states. Purpose? Agitate religious fundamentalists to flock to the polls to limit marriage to “only a man and a woman.” Discrimination set in stone. Equality taken away by the will of the majority.
And now, in 2008, Republicans are doing the same thing with Prop 8. Will there be a different outcome? Will equality for same-sex couples survive? Possibly. And in the meantime, “audacity of hope” permeates the LGBT community.
And, Northeast LA nurtured this hope with UGLA’s July 13 “Marriage Mixer” at the Eagle Rock home of UGLA members Michael and Eugenie Nogueira. During this gala affair, five lesbian and gay couples recited marriage vows given by Los Angeles City Councilmember Jose Huizar and openly gay Superior Court Judge Zeke Zeidler. 150 guests greeted the newly weds, couples who had already been together for eight to 41 years, with applause and shouts of approval. It was an inspiring and exhilarating afternoon. Capping the event was the announcement that UGLA and it’s members were sending $11,500 to “Equality for All,” the umbrella organization leading the fight against Prop 8.
The Boulevard Sentinel, Northeast LA’s monthly newspaper, carried a front page article entitled “Nice Day for 5 Gay Weddings,” accompanied by a full-color photo of one of the newly married couples holding their Los Angeles City Council Resolution recognizing their marriage. The nationally circulated monthly magazine Lesbian News covered the event in great depth with a cover photo and story proclaiming “One Family, Two Weddings.” This referred to the marriage of brother and sister Carl and Ella Matthes to their same-sex partners, Carl Johnson and Gladi Adams, respectively. Ella is owner and publisher of the Lesbian News.
A recent Field Poll showed that Prop 8 is opposed by 51% to 42% of likely voters. Out-of-state, right-wing support for Prop 8 continues to rise. Many believe that government has no business deciding who can and can’t get married. If certain religions won’t recognize same-sex marriage, that is their right. However, marriage is a civil contract, not a religious one. Religious values should not hold sway in governmental affairs. It’s important to remember that the freedom to marry is about fairness, it’s about equal opportunity and, in the words of Equality for All, “It’s about time!”
California Attorney General Jerry Brown is presently fighting the right wing over the ballot wording for Prop 8. Sponsors want wording which states that Prop 8 will insure that marriage is “only between a man and a woman.” That wording was used to qualify the amendment for the ballot.
Since then, the California Supreme Court ruled that same-sex couples had the same rights as heterosexual couples and, therefore, are eligible to be legally married. Through the years, ballot measure word changes have occured when it comes time to print the ballot. Jerry Brown is correct to specify that Prop 8 would “eliminate the right of same-sex couples to marry.”
Photos courtesy of Arthur Macbeth
Click here to show your support for Prop 8.
by Carl Matthes
Carl Matthes is a native of Los Angeles and has lived in Eagle Rock for over 40 years. He is a former president and a current Board member of Uptown Gay and Lesbian Alliance. He is a former columnist and a current advisor to the Lesbian News, the oldest lesbian publication in America. He was editor of the GLAAD (Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation) newsletter and a former GLAAD National Board member. He has also been a Board member of AIDS Healthcare Foundation.
Other articles by Carl
Photographs (all from left):
- Carl Johnson, Carl Matthes, Ella Matthes and Gladi Adams
- David Stokes and Bill Mitchell
- Harry Park and Herb Larrimore
- Eric de la Cruz and Randy Burt
- Los Angeles Superior Court Judge Zeke Zeidler, Harry Park, Herb Larrimore, Eric de la Cruz, Randy Burt, Ella Matthes, Gladi Adams, Carl Johnson, Carl Matthes, David Stokes, Los Angeles City Councilmember Jose Huizar
- UGLA member attend Marriage Mixer: Gail Rolf, founder of LAUSD Project 10; Michael Weinstein, President of AIDS Healthcare Foundation; Los Angeles Superior Court Judge Zeke Zeidler | <urn:uuid:bf46f922-023b-42e3-b08e-6981cc51e7b3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.laprogressive.com/barack-obama-supports-equality-for-all/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00309-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944887 | 1,225 | 1.71875 | 2 |
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REFERENCE LINKING PLATFORM OF KOREA S&T JOURNALS
> Journal Vol & Issue
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
Journal Basic Information
Journal DOI :
The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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Volume & Issues
Volume 9, Issue 6 - Nov 2001
Volume 9, Issue 5 - Sep 2001
Volume 9, Issue 4 - Jul 2001
Volume 9, Issue 3 - May 2001
Volume 9, Issue 2 - May 2001
Volume 9, Issue 1 - Jan 2001
Selecting the target year
The Fundamental Study on Liquid Phase LPG Injection System for Heavy-Duty Engine (II)
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 1~7
Recently, several LPG engines for heavy-duty vehicles have been developed, which can replace some diesel engines that are one of a main source for air pollution in urban area. As a preliminary study on the liquid phase LPG injection (hereafter LPLI) system applicable to a heavy duty LPG engine, the engine output and combustion performance were investigated with various combustion chambers and fuel compositions using a single cylinder engine equipped. Experimental results revealed that ellipse, double ellipse and nebula type combustion chamber made a more advantage in breaking swirl flow into small turbulence scale than bathtub type. Especially, performance of nebula type showed most highest efficiency and engine output under lean mixture conditions. An investigation fur various LPG fuel compositions was also carried out, and revealed that the case with 40% propane and 60% butane shows the lowest efficiency at stoichiometry, however, as the mixture became leaner its efficiency increased and became even higher for 100% propane case.
Basic Study on an Aftertreatment System of Diesel Particulate Matters with Electrostatic Precipitator and Cyclone
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 8~15
An aftertreatment system of diesel exhaust gas was attempted to extract particulate matters. The system consisted of a corona-less electrostatic precipitator to agglomerate soot particles and a counter-flow cyclone to collect them. When the effect of high voltage was examined at different configuration of electrode plates, the case of positive 15kV at both plates showed the maximum reduction of 38% in diesel smoke level. However, the back pressure became quite high as engine speed increased, so that minimizing pressure drop in cyclone should be studied with improving collection efficiency of soot particles.
Dispersion Characteristics of Sprays under the Condition of Solid Body Rotating Swirl
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 16~23
Spray dispersion in high pressure diesel engines have been simulated experimentally with a special emphasis on the effect of swirl by using a liquid injection technique. A constant volume chamber was designed to be rotatable in order to generate a continuous swirl and to have the flow field closely resembling a solid body rotation. Emulsified fuel was injected into the chamber and the developing process of fuel sprays was visualized. The effect of swirl on the spray dispersion was quantified by calculating non-dimensionalized dispersion area according to the spray tip penetration length. The results show that the effect of swirl on the spray dispersion is different between short and long spray penetrations. For short range of spray tip penetration, the effect of swirl on spray dispersion is quite small. However, as the spray tip is penetrated into longer distance in spray chamber, the effect of swirl on spray dispersion becomes larger. These results can be used as a basic data for designing combustion chamber and injection system of direct injection diesel engine.
Effects of Variable Valve Timing Operation Modes on Engine Performance
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 24~29
Adaptive valve timing control is one of the promising techniques to accomplish the optimized mixture formation and combustion depending on the load and speed, which is needed to meet the future challenges in reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. The behavior and the effect of adaptive valve timing control system has been investigated by computer simulation, which simulates the gas dynamics in engines. Improved fuel economy can be achieved by reduction of pumping loss under low and mid load conditions. EIVC(Early Intake Valve Closing) strategy turns out to be superior to LIVC(Late Intake Valve Closing) strategy in reducing fuel consumption. Deterioration of combustion quality can be overcome by introducing LIVO(Late Intake Valve Opening) strategy, which increases turbulent intensity in cylinders. Furthermore, LIVO can reduce HC emission by decreasing the required amount of fuel to be injected during cold start.
Fuel-Spray Characteristics of High Pressure Gasoline Injection in Cross Flows
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 30~39
The direct injection into the cylinders has been regarded as a way of the reduction in fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. The spray produced by the high pressure injector is of paramount importance in DISI(Direct Injection Spark Ignition) engines in that the primary atomization process must meet the requirement of quick and complete evaporation, mixing with air and combustion especially to prohibit the excessive HC emissions. The interaction between air flow and fuel spray was investigated in a steady flow system embodied in a wind tunnel to simulate the variety of flow inside the cylinder of the DISI engine. The direct Mie scattered and shadowgraph images presented the macroscopic view of the liquid sprays and vapor fields. The velocity and particle size of fuel droplets were investigated by phase doppler anenometer(PDA) system. The processes of atomization and evaporation with a DISI injector were observed and consequently utilized to construct the data-base for the spray and fuel-air mixing mechanism as a function of the flow characteristics.
A Study on the Effects of Ignition Energy and Discharge Duration on the Performances of Spark Ignited Engines
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 40~46
An experimental investigation is proceeded to study on the relationship between spark ignition characteristics and the performances of an S. I. engine. The ignition parameters examined in this study are the ignition energy and discharging duration. The combustion pressure and exhaust gas are measured during the experiment. From the measured data of cylinder pressure, the heat release rate, the mass fraction burned, and the COV of IMEP are calculated. The dwell time and the injection time are varied. A single cylinder engine and a 30kW dynamometer are employed. Four different kinds of ignition systems are assembled, and one commercial ignition system is adopted. The experimental results show that the ignition energy is increased as the dwell time extended until the ignition energy is saturated. The higher ignition energy is effective in achieving the laster burning velocity and less producing HC emission. However, when the amount of ignition energy is similar, while the discharge duration becomes longer, the burning velocity is reduced but the engine operation becomes stable in terms of the COV of IMEP.
A Study on the Combustion Characteristics of DEE as an Alternative Fuel in Diesel Engine
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 47~56
Nitrogen oxides(NOx) and smoke emissions of diesel engine are regarded as a source of air pollution, and there is a global trend to enforce more stringent regulations on these exhaust gas emissions. However, the trade-off relation of NOx and smoke is a main obstacle to reduce both of them simultaneously. In this paper, experiments were conducted with an oxygenated fuel(diethyl ether) as an effective way to improve the trade-off relation of NOx and smoke. Exhaust emissions of diesel fuels with DEE were influenced by the additive content of DEE and the injection timing. Especially, DEE effected more at the high engine speed and load than at the low engine speed and load. Diesel fuel blended with DEE 10% was a desirable blend for the simultaneous reduction of NOx and smoke.
A Study on the Improvement of Air-Fuel Ratio Control Performance in Sl Engine Using STR
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 57~64
This study presents an self tuning regulator(STR) to improve the air-fuel ratio control of performance of gasoline engine. The STR is designed based on the nonlinear dynamic engine model, and the performance of the STR is evaluated through the simulation and experiments. The STR shows better performance than a conventional PI controller in terms of the response time and disturbance rejection. Since the STR has less calculation load than the complex nonlinear controller, this algorithm can be easily applied to on-board engine controller.
An Experimental Study of the Improvement of Driveability in Vehicle Acceleration Mode
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 65~75
Modern vehicles require a high degree of refinement including good driveability. Vehicle driveability, which becomes a key decisive factor f3r marketability, is affected by many parameters such as engine control and the dynamic characteristics in drive lines. Therefore engine and drive train characteristics should be considered to achieve a well balanced vehicle response simultaneously. This paper describes experimental procedures which have been developed to measure engine torque and investigate shuffle characteristics. To analyze the vehicle dynamic behavior, fractional torques and inertia mass moment of engine, and drive train were measured. Shuffle characteristics during tip-in condition were investigated in an experimental vehicle at 2nd and 3rd gear stages. It was found that the shuffle characteristics were caused by sudden changes of engine torque and have a different vibration frequency with gear stage variation. Inertia mass moment of engine including flywheel rotation showed a key factor for the shuffle characteristics.
Development of Gasoline Direct Swirl Injector II
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 76~84
Generally fuel injection system using solenoid have some problems between control signal and mechanical movement like as time lag. Main purpose of the present study is to help the design optimization of GDSI for real engine application. We have adopted two different solenoid driving circuit, namely saturation and pick-hold type and have investigated experimentally the current, needle force, needle opening duration and injection quantity. The pick-hold type driving circuit surpassed a saturation type in the response time and pression control of injection quantity. Accordingly, Using characterization data of operating factors such as time constant, driving force and so on, can be evaluated and adjusted to obtain an optimum injector performance.
Three-Dimensional Fluid Flow Analysis of Automotive Carbon Canister for Reducing Evaporative Emissions
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 85~93
Minimized canister flow restriction and maximized flow uniformity are desired to maximize a purge capability. With the impending ORVR(On Board Refueling Vapor Recovery) systems, the reduction of restriction and increase of flow uniformity in a carbon canister becomes even more critical to meet the stringent regulation. In this study, three-dimensional numerical simulations have been performed to investigate the three-dimensional internal flow patterns in a carbon canister during purge. The effects of the declined angle of the purge pipe and the number of partitions on the pressure drop and purge efficiency in a carbon packed bed are examined. Results show that the purge efficiency and space velocity distribution are affected in the upstream region of 40% of total canister bed by porosity of carbon granule and angle of purge pipe. It is also found that the purge efficiency decreases with increasing the number of partitions.
The Performance Analysis of Otto Cycle Engine by Thermodynamic Second Law
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 94~102
The thermodynamic second law analysis, which means available energy or exergy analysis, for the indicated performance of Otto cycle engine has been carried out. Each operating process of the engine is simplified and modeled into the thermodynamic cycle. The calculation of the lost work and exergy through each process has been done with the thermodynamic relations and experimental data. The experimental data were measured from the test of single cylinder Otto cycle engine which operated at 2500 rpm, WOT(Wide Open Throttle) and MBT(Minimum advanced spark timing for Best Torque) condition with different fuels: gasoline, methanol and mixture of butane-methanol called M90. Experimental data such as cylinder pressure, air and fuel flow rate, exhaust gas temperature, inlet gas temperature and etc. were used for the analysis. The proposed model and procedure of the analysis are verified through the comparison of the work done in the study with experimental results. The calculated results show that the greatest lost work is generated during combustion process. And the lost work during expansion, exhaust, compression and induction process follows in order.
A Study on the Reduction of HC and Heat Characteristics of the Dual Pipe Exhaust Manifold
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 103~111
During cold-start period, the reduction of exhaust emissions is a challenging task. To decrease harmful gaseous substances such as HC, it is necessary to realize a fast catalyst warm-up. In this study, the performance of dual pipe exhaust system have been carried out through different test mode. From measurement of gas temperature and HC concentration, the following conclusions were derived ; 1) Compared with single pipe, dual pipe exhaust system remarkably increase temperature of exhaust gas going through M.C.C(Main Catalytic Converter). 2) W.C.C.(Warm-up Catalytic Converter) also decreases HC emission. To reduce HC emission, it is helpful to use W.C.C. as well as dual pipe exhaust system. 3) Using finite element method, it is shown that inner parts have much higher distribution of temperature than outer parts.
Analysis of Conductivity Gas by using Automotive Dynamo-Meter
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 112~118
In this study the leakage current measurement method based on a porous ceramic is applied to check the conductive substance caused by the ionized particles. By using engine and chassis dynamometer and an experiment vehicle, in which the hydrocarbon sensor (HC sensor) was exposed to the exhaust gas to create the electrical signal, the HC sensor in the exhaust line checked the conductive ions in emission gas. Generally the output electrical signal of HC sensor is followed with amount of hydrocarbon in the experiments in cold start and operation. By combining the electrical signal, a measure of conductivity of exhaust gas with hydrocarbon can be provided by OBD (On Board Diagnosis) II and EMS (Engine Management System).
A Simulation Program for the Braking Characteristics of 8
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 119~128
Recently safety systems for the commercial vehicle have been rapidly developed. However, we still have many problems in the vehicle stability and the braking performance. Especially, a commercial vehicle may meet a dangerous braking condition when the vehicle is lightly loaded or empty and the road is wet or slippery. To design the air brake system for commercial vehicles, since the air brake system has many design variables, there must have been intensive researches on a method how to prevent dynamic instability and how to maximize the vehicle deceleration. In this study, mathematical models about an 8
4 vehicle and an air brake system including an ABS controller have been constructed for computer simulation. Also, simple examples are applied to show the usefulness of the computer program. Designers can use this simulation program for understanding the braking characteristics of 8
4 commercial vehicles such as trajectory, braking distance, longitudinal deceleration, lateral deceleration, and yaw rate on various road conditions.
An Study of Optimization on Vehicle Body Stiffness using CAE Application
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 129~134
One of the most important purposes in the design of machines and structures is to produce the most light products of the lowest price with satisfying function and performance. In this study, a scheme of design optimization for the weight down of vehicle body structure is presented. Design sensitivity of vehicle body structure is investigated and design optimization is performed to get weight down with the allowable stiffness of body in white. Stress, deformation and natural frequencies are the constraint of the optimization.
A Study on the Life Prediction Method using Artificial Neural Network under Creep-Fatigue Interaction
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 135~142
The effect of tensile hold time on the creep-fatigue interaction in AISI 316 stainless steel was investigated. To study the fatigue characteristics of the material, strain controlled low cycle fatigue(LCF) tests were carried out under the continuous triangular waveshape with three different total strain ranges of 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%. To study the creep-fatigue interaction, 5min., 10min., and 30min. of tensile hold times were applied to the continuous triangular waveshape with the same three total strain ranges. The creep-fatigue life was found to be the longest when the 5min. tensile hold time was applied and was the shortest when the 30min. tensile hold time was applied. The cause fur the shortest creep-fatigue life under the 30min. tensile hold time is believed to be the effect of the increased creep damage per cycle as the hold time increases. The creep-fatigue life prediction using artificial neural network(ANN) showed closer prediction values to the experimental values than by the modified Coffin-Manson method.
A Development of Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation System of Automatic Transmission for the Simulation of Shifting Characteristics
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 143~151
During the past several years, the major interests of car manufacturers in development of automatic transmission were in durability and shift quality. However, a large number of researches for improving shift quality that are based on dynamic characteristics of shifting mechanism have been rarely adopted in the developing process because it is quite difficult to predict the shifting performance from the dynamics simulation. One of the important reasons for the difference between simulation results and experiments arises from the automatic transmission hydraulic system that consists of many valves with high order model and shows a lot different dynamics to temperature variation. In this work, hardware-in-the-loop simulation system for automatic transmission was developed f3r improving the accuracy of simulated result by combining the real-time simulation model with the real hydraulic system. The real-time simulation for automatic transmission model excluding hydraulic system is executed with TI's TMS320C31 DSP and the interfacing board which includes 12bit A/D, PWM signal generator and driver, serial driver ,etc is designed for acquiring the simulation data and signal interface with hydraulic system. We verified the proper operation and correctness of shifting result by comparing the off-line simulation result with that of HILS and experimental result which was performed on transmission dynamometer driven by electric motor.
Development of Contact Module in AutoDyn7 Program
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 152~159
In multibody dynamic analysis including contact and impact, there are two major analysis methods, i.e., piecewise analysis and continuous analysis. Modeling of contact phenomena is mainly classified with a Kelvin-Voigt model or a model of Hertz contact model. In this paper, a contact module fur AutoDyn7 program was developed and implemented. Both the Kelvin-Voigt model and a model of Hertz contact law were developed. The process of this module is composed of contact distinction and the contact force calculation. Two examples were verified and compared to the commercial program DADS.
Bursting Failure Prediction in Tube Hydroforming Process
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 160~169
To predict busting failure in tubular hydroforming, the criteria for ductile fracture proposed by Oyane is combined with the finite element method. From the histories of stress and strain in each element obtained from finite element analysis, the fracture initiation site is predicted by mean of the criterion. The prediction by the ductile fracture criterion is applied to three hydroforming processes such as a tee extrusion, an automobile rear axle housing and lower am. For these products, the ductile fracture integral I is not only affected by the process parameters, but also by preforming processes. All the simulation results show the combination of the finite element analysis and the ductile fracture criteria is useful in the prediction of farming limit in hydroforming processes.
A Study on Failure Analysis of Turbine Blade Using Surface Roughness and FEM
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 170~177
Turbine blade is subject to torsional load by torsion-mount, centrifugal load by rotation of rotor and repeated bending load by steam pressure. Turbine with partially cracked blade has normal working condition at initial repair time but vibratory working condition at middle repair time due to crack growth. Finite element analysis on turbine blade indicates that repeated bending load out of all loads is the most important factor on fatigue strength of turbine blade. Therefore, this study shows root mean square roughness has linear relation with stress intensity factor range in 12% Cr steel and can predict loading condition of fractured turbine blade.
Noise Estimation in a Passenger Compartment and Trunk Coupled System by Using the Vibro-Acoustic Reciprocity
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 178~185
This paper describes the correlation between the interior noise and the trunk wall vibration. Using the vibro-acoustic reciprocity, effect of the trunk wall vibration on the compartment noise is investigated on a medium size car. In the low frequency range, vehicle interior noise is dominated by several acoustic modes of the passenger compartment and the vibration modes of the surrounding shell parts. Especially, vibration of the trunk wall radiates sound and it is transferred through holes on the package tray into the passenger compartment. This paper experimentally reveals that sound can be well produced at some particular vibration modes of the trunk lid and it strongly influences the compartment noise through package tray holes. Contributions of the trunk walls to the interior noise are estimated by measuring the acoustic-structural transfer function, based on the vibro-acoustical reciprocity theorem.
A Strategy to Evaluate Semi-Active Suspension System using Real-Time Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 186~194
To meet the challenge of testing increasingly complex automotive control systems, the real-time hardware-in-the-loop(HIL) simulation technology has been developed. In this paper, a strategy for evaluation of semiactive suspension systems using real-time HIL simulation is presented. A multibody vehicle model is adopted to simulate vehicle dynamic motions accurately. Accuracy of the vehicle simulation results is compared to that of the real vehicle field test and proven to be very accurate. The controller and stepping motor to adjust semi-active damper stage are equipped as external hardwares and connected to the real-time computer which has vehicle dynamic model. Open and closed loop test methods are used to evaluate a controlled suspension system and the system's operations are verified it is found that the proposed evaluation methods can be used well for the verification of semi-active suspension systems.
The Study on the Axial Collapse Characteristics of Composite Thin-Walled Members for Vehicles
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 195~200
Composites have wide applications in aerospace vehicles and automobiles because of the inherent flexibility in their design for improved material properties. Composite tribes in particular, are potential candidates for their use as energy absorbing elements in crashworthiness applications due to their high specific energy absorbing capacity and the stroke efficiency. Their failure mechanism however is highly complicated and rather difficult to analyze. This includes fracture in fibres, in the matrix and in the fibre-matrix interface in tension, compression and shear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the energy absorption characteristics of CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) tubes on static and impact tests. Static compression tests have been carried out using the static testing machine and impact tests have been carried out using the vertical crushing testing machine. Interlaminar number affect the energy absorption capability of CFRP tubes. Also, theoretical and experimental have the same value.
Influence of the Inclined Hole in Residual Stresses Measurement Using the Hole-Drilling Method
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, volume 9, issue 6, 2001, Pages 201~206
The hole-drilling method makes a little hole through the metal surface that has residual stress and measures the relieved stress with a strain gage. It is used widely in measuring the residual stress of surfaces. In this method, the inclined hole is one of the source of error. This paper presents a finite element analysis of influence of the inclined hole for the uniaxial residual stress field. The stress differences between measured and applied residual stress increase proportionally to inclined angle of the hole. The correction equations which easily obtain the residual stress taking account of the inclined angle and direction are derived. The measurement error of stress due to the inclined hole can be reduced to around 1% through this study. | <urn:uuid:b4e6b33b-c23f-46f3-9432-16c200441c23> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.koreascience.or.kr/journal/JournalIssueList.jsp?kojic=JDCGCC&volno=9&issno=6&cnov_no=&year_GB=2001 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719465.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00096-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922428 | 5,385 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Towards a systemic development approach: Building on the Human-Scale Development paradigm
Since its inception, the scope of inquiry within modern economics has been overall reduced to the chrematistic, market-centred dimension of the economic process. This has been reflected in the very way it shaped the modern idea of development which, more and more, has been represented in monetary terms to the point of being equated to chrematistic growth altogether. This reductionism has been severely criticized for various reasons, mostly related to the ignorance of the complex, multidimensional, social, cultural and psychological motives and aspirations of human beings, ignoring as well crucial environmental and ecological dimensions within and by means of which the economic process unfolds. One fundamental early contribution to the re-conceptualization of the economic development process in terms of well-being from a systemic perspective came about with the Human-Scale development approach (H-SD) in the 1980s. Central to this paradigm is a systemic re-conceptualization of human needs and an attempt to place this discussion at the centre of the development debate. It suggested a recovery of the oikonomy in its original classical meaning, as a means for achieving better well-being beyond the chrematistics narrow scope. This theory presents a very wide outlook for its theoretical and practical applications and in this paper we will try to build on H-SD's original contribution. We begin this by briefly outlining what can be termed the chrematistic turn within both modern economics' theory and practice at the dawn of modern capitalism. In the second section the main aspects of the H-SD approach are briefly presented and discussed. The last sections are devoted to propose some methodological extensions to the original H-SD version suggesting innovative ways of enlarging its scope through the development and improvement of its evaluation tools. Thereby we hope to enhance its application within its traditional context as well as indicating means for applying it to other fields as development policies, strategies or eventually, appraisal of new technologies.
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- Alkire, Sabina, 2002. "Dimensions of Human Development," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 181-205, February.
- Chambers, Robert, 1994. "The origins and practice of participatory rural appraisal," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 22(7), pages 953-969, July.
- Streeten, Paul & ,, 1982. "First Things First: Meeting Basic Human Needs in Developing Countries," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780195203691, December.
- Ingrid Robeyns, 2005. "The Capability Approach: a theoretical survey," Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 6(1), pages 93-117.
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Darmstadt, Germany, October 11, 2016 – “A curios person is more likely to bring an idea to life at work” – more than eight out of ten employees (85%) from Germany, the United States, and China agreed with this statement. This is one of the findings of the first global curiosity study from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, a leading science and technology company. The study examines the curiosity index of workers in four dimensions. The goal: to compare curiosity levels at work in an international context. Even though curiosity plays an important role on the job, the majority of study participants did not describe themselves as curious. Only one in five employees (20%) identified with this quality. Staff instead described themselves as organized, collaborative, and detail-oriented. “Curious” came only in twelfth place. Nevertheless, this quality holds great potential for a company’s ability to innovate.
“Innovation and technological progress do not appear out of the blue. They always develop out of a person’s sense of curiosity about something new. Scientific curiosity and the joy of discovery are thus our most important resources when it comes to finding answers to global challenges such as the aging of our society or population growth,” said Stefan Oschmann, Chairman of the Executive Board and CEO of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. “That’s why curiosity should be a key aspect of our everyday work.”
Four dimensions of curiosity
Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, examined with its Curiosity Study 2016 the extent to which staff are able to make the most of their curiosity at work, and if they are encouraged to do so. Last year, the company already surveyed 1,013 full-time employees online in the United States. In 2016, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, expanded its survey to China and Germany in order to draw a global comparison, since these three countries are characterized by different cultures and economic systems. To define the concept of curiosity, and to make it measurable, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, has worked closely with curiosity expert Todd Kashdan, who teaches at George Mason University in the United States. Together, they came up with four dimensions of curiosity: Inquisitiveness, creativity, openness, and distress tolerance. For the study, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, conducted more than 3,000 online surveys with full-time employees in Germany, the United States, and China. Focus group interviews were also carried out.
Lack of creative freedom
Just because employees do not describe themselves as curious does not necessarily mean that they’re not. They simply do not exhibit this quality as strongly outwardly – likely because curiosity is usually not as appreciated in their daily work as other qualities. The survey results also support this thesis. Thus, 73% of respondents do not feel comfortable asking more questions at work. Nearly one out of every two workers surveyed in Germany (45%) agreed with the statement that they are discouraged by their employer from challenging the status quo. To develop new ideas, employees first and foremost need flexibility: 35% of German employees cited self-directed work as the most important factor.
Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, launched the Curiositiy Initiative in August 2016 to promote curiosity. On the interactive online platform at curiosity.emdgroup.com, visitors can take a self-test to find out how curious they are. There are also tips for overcoming creative blocks and a number of fascinating articles on the subject of curiosity. The scientific foundation of the Curiosity Initiative is the Curiosity Council of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt Germany, consisting of experts in the field of curiosity research. The Council is composed of Professor Todd Kashdan of George Mason University in Virginia, USA, and Dr. Carl Naughton, German-English author, scholar, and speaker. He has researched and taught in the field of educational psychology at the University of Cologne, and also written books on the topics of thinking, communication, and curiosity. Further members of the Council include Andreas Steinle, CEO of the Future Institute in Kelkheim/Frankfurt and Dr. Kunlin Wei, professor of psychology at the Institute for Psychological and Cognitive Sciences at the University of Beijing, China. | <urn:uuid:b70d6e57-af1e-4ace-a7d1-5331e342c3ec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://news.emdgroup.com/EMD/CC/EMDNewsRelease.nsf/d6db9bdc0c08af7ec1257243005130ee/6d135cec04b6e4e0c1258048006dc007?OpenDocument | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.952893 | 906 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision to digitalize India will soon be a reality. The Modi government has dedicated itself to slog guts out to set India on its way to technological development.
The BJP government has come up with a plan to provide free high-speed Wi-Fi in 2,500 different towns and cities across India within three years. The program requires an investment of up to Rs 7,000 crore and will be carried out by the government’s telecom operator BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd).
However, this free service will be limited to a set period, and once that is over one would have to pay for further access.
The cities that are a sure shot for availing the services include metro cities like Kolkata, Chennai, Lucknow, Dehradun, Hyderabad, Varanasi, Bhopal, Jaipur, Patna, Indore, Chandigarh and Ludhiana.
This scheme is similar to the services offered at airports and other privately owned operators. But looking at the brighter side, those who already own a BSNL or MTNL connection, the switch-over to Wi-Fi will be quite similar to roaming with reasonable costs once the free access to Wi-Fi time period is over.
“The services will be available in the next fiscal year (2015-16), and we intend to offer these services to subscribers of all mobile operators,” said Anupam Shrivastava, BSNL chairman, and managing director.
Modi government’s target to ‘Digital India’ initiative is for increasing the Internet infiltration across the nation. Keeping that aside, this move is also been viewed by market experts as a stratagem to bring back BSNL and MTNL, which suffered a massive loss of about Rs 7,000 crore in the financial year 2013-14.
We are hoping to get the free Wi-Fi services as soon as possible. For who doesn’t enjoy the taste of free Wi-Fi, even if it’s for a slight amount of time.Tags: BSNL, Free Wi-Fi, Modi government | <urn:uuid:a0840e76-f29e-425b-aa9c-d594c788ac53> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://tecake.in/news/business/digital-india-modi-plans-free-high-speed-wi-fi-2500-cities-3136.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00190-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952266 | 450 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Instructions to teachers:
Conduct of the speaking and listening tests in modern languages /
Northern Ireland Council for the Curriculum Examinations and Assesment
|Main Creator:||Northern Ireland Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment|
|Published / Created:||
Belfast : Northern Ireland Council for the Curriculum Examinations and Assesment, 1996.
At head of title: GCSE examinations, Summer 1996.
Physical description: 9 p. ; 30 cm.
|Call Number||View in||Collection|
|1B 2449||Main Reading Room||Books| | <urn:uuid:1fd5efd8-f3df-4cf6-8e3d-45e19695158b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000151794 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721405.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00314-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.736932 | 132 | 1.882813 | 2 |
A Century of Biblical Archaeology (Century of...)
By: Roger Moorey (author)Paperback
More than 4 weeks availability
Part of the Century series - each book reviews and summarises the key developments in a particular branch of religious studies during the past century. Combining readability and scholarship, this book provides a systematic survey of the relationship between archaeology and Biblical studies in Palestine from the first excavations at Tell el-Hesi in 1890 to 1990. This panoramic overview of the methods and theories that have served to illuminate the archaeology of the Holy Land is set in context by an introductory chapter which covers the earlier pioneering years before Pitt Rivers and Petrie. Roger Moorey examines in details the collaborations and conflicts between archaeologists with differing views as to the purpose of biblical archaeology, and focuses also on the effects of contemporary political and historical events on excavations.
Roger Moorey is Keeper of Antiquities at the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, and President of the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem. Other titles by Roger Moorey published by the Lutterworth Press: Excavation in Palestine
Number Of Pages:
- ID: 9780718828257
- Saver Delivery: Yes
- 1st Class Delivery: Yes
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Prices are for internet purchases only. Prices and availability in WHSmith Stores may vary significantly
© Copyright 2013 - 2017 WHSmith and its suppliers.
WHSmith High Street Limited Greenbridge Road, Swindon, Wiltshire, United Kingdom, SN3 3LD, VAT GB238 5548 36 | <urn:uuid:68c08e6d-aaaf-4e98-86e5-5c9cd2e9c66a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.whsmith.co.uk/products/a-century-of-biblical-archaeology-century-of/9780718828257 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00211-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.887151 | 332 | 1.992188 | 2 |
A fundamental challenge in neuroscience is the determination of the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of neurons in the cortex. Here we describe a semiautomated method to trace single biocytin-filled neurons using a transmitted light brightfield microscope. The method includes 3D tracing of dendritic trees and axonal arbors from image stacks of serial -thick tangential brain sections. Key functionalities include mosaic scanning and optical sectioning, high-resolution image restoration, and fast, parallel computing for neuron tracing. The mosaic technique compensates for the limited field of view at high magnification, allowing the acquisition of high-resolution image stacks on a scale of millimeters. The image restoration by deconvolution is based on experimentally verified assumptions about the optical system. Restoration yields a significant improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of neuronal structures in the image stack. Application of local threshold and thinning filters result in a 3D graph representation of dendrites and axons in a section. The reconstructed branches are then manually edited and aligned. Branches from adjacent sections are spliced, resulting in a complete 3D reconstruction of a neuron. A comparison with 3D reconstructions from manually traced neurons shows that the semiautomated system is a fast and reliable alternative to the manual tracing systems currently available. | <urn:uuid:22170103-8504-41ae-8204-a8b0d866dd70> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://biomedicaloptics.spiedigitallibrary.org/article.aspx?articleid=1352043 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720380.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00054-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.900393 | 269 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Yesterday marked the end of World Thyroid week. This little butterfly shaped gland that wraps around your windpipe below the adams apple, plays an important role in hormone production. There is a complex balance of chemical processes that occur and the thyroid plays a role in many key hormonal systems. The main role of the thyroid can be put simply as providing oxygen to the bodies cells. Cells need oxygen to thrive. So is it any wonder that the number one system associated with thyroid malfunction is low energy. Your body is starved for the energy it needs and has trouble functioning without oxygen getting to all the cells. There are many other symptoms of thyroid distress. Some of which are common to other ailments.
What if you have a normal thyroid? What if you have no idea how healthy you thyroid is?
It’s not hard to find out. There are tests that your doctor can perform to determine the level at which your thyroid is functioning. You might say that you are fine and don’t need to worry about your thyroid. An estimated twenty seven million americans have thyroid disease and more than half are undiagnosed.* There are several diseases that are a result of poor thyroid function. Hypothyroidism is a low functioning thyroid. Meaning it doesn’t produce the amount of hormones that it should. Hyperthyroidism is when it produces to much. These are the two most common, however there is goiter, parathyroidism, auto-immune disorders etc. It’s a matter of what symptoms you have as to what might be going on with your thyroids balance. With the stress and modern lifestyle we lead it can be hard to pinpoint the symptoms of thyroid disfunction. The common complaints of tiredness and painful joints can be from multiple things. Ironically stress is one of the lifestyle factors that can create an imbalance in the first place. So it’s important to have your thyroid checked if you suspect there might be a problem.
Even if you have a normal functioning thyroid, the health of this little gland should not be ignored. There is delicate balance of hormones within the thyroid and the endocrine system. There are a number of things that can set this balance off kilter. Heredity aside, diet, stress, the amount of exercise you do and your emotional state all can affect this balance. Taking care of yourself is something that goes beyond skin deep. It’s not vanity to take care of you body. Especially when there are things going on behind the scenes that you can have such a great impact on. There are things you can do to increase your chances of a healthy hormonal balance and a well functioning thyroid. In my next article I will discuss environmental risk factors, goitrogens, the ills of processed flour and sugar, and how physical activity can keep your thyroid in good shape.
Have you had a thyroid problem? What did you do and how has it helped at maintaining health in the long run?
812 total views, 2 views today | <urn:uuid:6d810d8f-1433-4e2c-9019-84dc68405f84> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blog.ecoetsy.com/2011/05/news-and-views-thyroid-health/html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00469-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951367 | 612 | 2.40625 | 2 |
As the mists of cloud computing start to finally clear, there are questions in the air as to whether a lack of standards and an oversupply of open source 'innovations' will lead us towards unregulated stormy skies -- as opposed to a brand new wide blue yonder for computing.
Earlier this month we saw the launch of the OpenStack initiative, which it is hoped will alleviate the potential risk of platform lock-in at any level. It is too early to say whether any of the 30 or so companies behind OpenStack ultimately feel that the program has a blunting affect upon their own innovative edge.
It will depend on the application in question according to Nathaniel Borenstein, chief scientist at cloud-based email management company Mimecast. Borenstein points out that open source should not be regarded as a panacea and that, as a computing discipline, it will always be suited to some types of software and file formats than others.
You can read a complete interview with Borenstein here. | <urn:uuid:692d0d31-01fb-486a-983c-717cb32649df> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.drdobbs.com/tools/stormy-skies-ahead-for-open-source-in-th/226400048 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00125-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94752 | 208 | 2 | 2 |
In this article, we’ll go over the numerous benefits of L-Glutamine, an amino acid that is essential for the condition of being. It is not only a great supplement to the immune system but it can also assist people with sugar cravings, alcohol and anxiety. To learn more, keep reading! You can also read about the many studies that have proved that L-Glutamine is beneficial. What is the best L-Glutamine? Best Form Of L-glutamine Supplement
L-Glutamine is an essential amino acid for certain conditions is a vital conditionally amino acid
L-Glutamine is a natural amino acid that is found in casein and whey protein. It is one of 20 amino acids that are utilized in protein synthesis. In normal conditions the body is able to produce sufficient levels of glutamine, however, it’s not able to make enough of it when under stress, such as when you’re working out physically or mentally. Supplementation may be necessary during times of stress such as when you are training for an endurance event or running a marathon. Best Form Of L-glutamine Supplement
L-Glutamine is a substance that is naturally present within the body. However, it must be added to our daily diets to ensure an overall healthy body. This amino acid is important for brain health and digestion health. It is important for healthy brain function, muscle mass and intestinal health. It is found in a variety of foods like fish, meat bone broth, cottage cheese, and spirulina.
L-Glutamine can be utilized as an amino acid, but it isn’t essential. Human cells are able to synthesize glutamine by using the glutamine synthetase genes. This gene is located in the skeletal muscles as well as the liver. The glutamine is also converted into glucose in liver cells and contributes amino acids to nucleotide, protein and sugar biosynthesis. Glutamine is a molecular target with multiple targets and performs multiple functions.
Besides being an important component of the immune system, glutamine has many advantages. It assists in detoxification and transforms excess ammonia into energy. Glutamine is also an important fuel source for immune system cells. They could lose strength and endurance and be more vulnerable to infection if they do not have enough glutamine. If glutamine is supplemented, athletes can prevent these health issues.
It helps strengthen the immune system.
L-Glutamine (a key amino acid, can be found in both supplements and food. It is vital for the immune system, plays a role in digestion, and aids in muscle repair. It also helps maintain healthy intestinal mucosathat is essential in preventing harmful bacteria and toxins from entering the body. By supporting the health of the intestinal mucosa, Lglutamine can promote better immune function. The benefits of L-glutamine are well beyond the benefits it brings to the immune system. Best Form Of L-glutamine Supplement
L-Glutamine is a component of the immune system at a very high level. It is essential to increase the number of lymphocytes and the production of cytokines as well in macrophage phagocytosis. L-Glutamine helps to support immune system function and has been proven to be an important nutrient for both oral and total parenteral nutrition. It also serves as an energy source for fibroblasts, which are essential to healing from wounds. They help to build the extracellular matrix and form collagen structure. L-Glutamine helps to strengthen the immune system by aiding in the recovery of damaged tissues and acting as a substrate to nucleotides that promote healthy cellular replication.
The body reacts to injury and physical stress by transferring the lglutamine in its blood to the injured tissues. It may also help with wound healing. It may aid in maintaining healthy levels even after trauma. Stress can also increase the requirement for l-Glutamine. It releases cortisol, which triggers an increase in glutaminase activity within enterocytes.
A healthy immune system requires proper nutrition. Certain nutrients have been demonstrated to improve the immune system, and are especially important during specific stages of development or disease states. This could include weaning from infants, infections, and chronic inflammatory conditions. This information is essential for understanding the connection between food and immune health. The immune system requires proper nutrition to ensure it’s functioning and prevent disease. If you don’t nourish it enough, it will begin to weaken. Best Form Of L-glutamine Supplement
It can be helpful with anxiety.
Numerous clinical trials are being conducted to determine if L-Glutamine can be used in the treatment of treat anxiety. These studies are being conducted to assess its effectiveness in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. These studies do not involve placebo or other forms of medication. These studies require sufficient data collection from participants to evaluate the effects of the drug. Data tables summarize the results. Data pooling isn’t possible because of the different characteristics of the studies’ patients, preparations, or outcome measures. Most studies utilized the Hamilton Anxiety Scale or State Trait Anxiety Inventory to measure the outcome. Erlanger anxiety scales were also employed. Other studies measured anxiety biomarkers such as conductance of the skin, heart rate, and blood pressure.
While there isn’t a definitive evidence that glutamine reduces anxiety, it could increase the amount of GABA in the brain. Certain anxiety medications affect GABA levels which is the reason why glutamine could have a negative effect when you consume a lot of it. But it does have advantages, such as increasing your energy and gut health levels. It can also help to reduce pain. There are numerous ways to take glutamine.
The most commonly used form of L-glutamine is seen in animal models. Studies conducted on animals have demonstrated that it can reduce anxiety and increase sugar and alcohol cravings. It could boost fitness and recovery and also aid in weight loss. L-Glutamine is also a precursor for glutamate, a neurotransmitter that is the that is the most abundant in the brain. Glutamate binds to post-synaptic neurons and then activates them. Too much glutamate may cause neurodegeneration.
It can help in reducing sugar or alcohol cravings
Sugar obsession is a result of a variety causes. In many cases, the addiction is caused by psychological and physical factors. The body needs protein to stay full, and this amino acid may help curb a sugar craving. Although it’s not scientifically demonstrated to help people beat their sugar addictions It could be beneficial for a variety of other conditions, such as pyroluria and digestive problems.
Alcohol addiction can cause extreme cravings as well hormone imbalances. Your body may also be depleted of essential amino acids like L-glutamine. This essential amino acid can be depleted by alcohol, which can decrease your body’s capacity to properly digest and repair. You may be compelled to consume alcohol and sugar if you’re not getting enough of protein and healthy oils. Consuming refined carbohydrates may increase your cravings, as L-Glutamine is converted into glucose, without increasing insulin levels. Best Form Of L-glutamine Supplement
After drinking, your body might crave alcohol to keep its blood sugar levels steady. If it isn’t able find alcohol then the body will resort to sugar as a fuel source. Most often, people go through an alcohol or sugar binge to keep a stable blood sugar level. L-Glutamine may help you curb your craving for alcohol and aid in avoiding the rollercoaster of hypoglycemia. In addition, it can assist in the repair of biochemicals after quitting drinking alcohol.
L-Glutamine is produced naturally in the body via glutamic acid and glutamate. It is required for our bodies to create proteins, maintain the immune system and maintain healthy muscles. L-Glutamine provides many benefits other in addition to improving brain and muscle health. It can also help reduce the symptoms of diabetes and leaky gut. There are many foods that contain L-glutamine, including cottage cheese seafood, fish, bone broth and spirulina.
It can enhance your body’s ability to secrete human growth hormone
L-Glutamine is an amino acid and is essential for the functioning and maintenance of numerous cells in the body. When your body requires more of this substance, it is converted to human growth hormone (HGH). Glutamin is converted into inter-tissue metabolic flux in the liver, skeletal muscles, and stomach. The process continues in immune cells. The supplementation of glutamine is a safe, natural way to boost your body’s production of this hormone.
L-Glutamine is typically consumed as a powder that is recommended to take twice daily. It is vital to follow the instructions on the label, particularly the dosage guidelines. To ensure that you’re getting the right amount of L-Glutamine sure to go over the label. Consult your pharmacist or health care provider if you are uncertain about the amount of L-Glutamine you should take.
You’re not the only one who has wondered how L-Glutamine could be used to build muscle. In fact glutamine has been demonstrated to enhance your body’s ability to produce HGH. While endogenous synthesis of HGH is essential but there are certain conditions where glutamine supplementation is required to boost muscle growth. L-Glutamine supplementation can be beneficial for people with high blood pressure as it increases HGH secretion.
Incredibly, the release of HGH is not linear. The highest levels occur in the night. Sleep cycles can influence the release of HGH therefore avoiding alcohol consumption or too much food before the time of bed is crucial. The ideal time to take L-Glutamine is approximately two hours prior to midnight to allow your body to attain optimal blood sugar levels and fat acid levels. It is recommended to go to bed at least two hours before midnight since this is the time that HGH production is at its highest. After that the growth hormone’s production rate will continue to rise and you’ll fall asleep for the rest of the night. Best Form Of L-glutamine Supplement | <urn:uuid:d1a08829-7b8c-4186-840c-f8f625514031> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://amipaa.com/best-form-of-l-glutamine-supplement/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.93975 | 2,124 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Data stored on a hard disk cannot be “deleted” as such, and there is no mechanism available to undo the process of writing data to the disk. The only method of deleting data is to overwrite the data with new data. Destroy overwrites each piece of data 7 times, and 3 times for Destroy Lite.
A commonly held misconception is that deleting a file actually removes the file from the hard disk. This is incorrect as the only way to remove a file is to overwrite the file with worthless data and the delete process does not do this. The delete process simply marks the file as being deleted, informing the operating system that the file can be overwritten whenever new files are added to the hard disk.
Destroy purposely overwrites EVERY sector on the hard disk (including any hidden sectors) firstly with zeros, then ones, and lastly random characters, with the processes verified to ensure the information has been correctly written to the disk.
No standard utility provided with a computer, such as Format or FDisk overwrites the entire hard disk with data. Only specialised data removal systems such as Destroy ensure the entire disk has been overwritten thus ensuring ALL data has been deleted from the hard disk.
Destroy will overwrite any number of hard disks within a system regardless of size and original format as long as the computer is a PC style computer. Destroy does not physically damage the drive in the process.
Destroy is easy to use and comes on media such as floppy disk and CD Rom. No special equipment or operating system is required.
On start-up Destroy automatically interrogates the BIOS to determine the reported number of hard disk drives and their capacity. As some hard drives have hidden tracks (cylinders), during the initialisation phase Destroy will automatically detect tracks beyond the reported maximum, it confirms these values and overwrites each drive based on the confirmed settings.
Destroy complies with Australian Federal Government ACSI 33 standards and other international standards, where it performs three passes of writing binary zeros and binary ones, and verifies after each write. Destroy then does a final pass of writing random characters over the drive. The drive therefore ends up with a total of seven passes or wipes.
Destroy has built-in auto correction technology where even problematic hard disks can be corrected and still be securely overwritten. At the completion of the erasure process, Destroy displays a summary including any errors or bad sectors found, and an overall statement of the process. | <urn:uuid:28c34cba-c99e-4345-85ca-ca6f51fe372c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://destroy.com.au/overview | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.930975 | 497 | 3.34375 | 3 |
I came across this empty 1908 kohlrabi seed packet at one of our many antique stores here in central Pennsylvania and was smitten enough with its age and design to make the minor purchase.
(One of the "benefits" of having an interest in books and ephemera as opposed to antique furniture, artwork or toys is that you can usually browse for hours and still escape with your wallet essentially intact. Of course, that might still leave you having to explain why you paid actual money for a 100-year-old brochure or receipt. But at least it's less actual money than if you had purchased, say, an 18th century pine blanket chest. )
The five-cent seed packet was sold by De Giorgi Bros of Council Bluffs, Iowa. And the envelope itself was designed by Stecher Lithographic Company of Rochester, New York.
According to "Nineteenth-Century Rochester Fruit and Flower Plates" by Karl Sanford Kabelac, "In the latter half of the nineteenth century, Rochester, New York, was a leading American nursery center. Auxiliary to the nursery businesses, there developed allied enterprises, one of which was the production of colored fruit and flower prints designed to aid nurserymen and their travelling salesmen sell plants."
Stecher was one of the bigger Rochester companies involved in this enterprise. Again according to Kabelac, Stecher employed about 100 people for its lithographic business in 1888.
Meanwhile, it's a bit harder to find good information about De Giorgi Bros. An excitingly titled 1928 volume, "The Vegetables of New York," makes about a dozen references to De Giorgi. There is a description of the September Morn variety of sweet corn:
"This large, many-rowed variety originated with V.H. Neilsen of Council Bluffs, Iowa, as the result of a cross involving Country Gentleman and Stowell's Evergreen. After 5 years of selection to obtain a stock with straight rows that still retained the depth of kernel characteristic of Country Gentlemen, the variety was transferred to the Di Giorgi Brothers of the same city who introduced it about 1917 and have since continued to list it."
Some advertising literature from the general time period lists Early White Vienna as the most desirable variety of kohlrabi that was available. According to Wikipedia, the most common varieties of kohlrabi nowadays are White Vienna, Purple Vienna, Grand Duke, Gigante, Purple Danube and White Danube. So it appears that this variety once produced by De Giorgi has persisted.
(Kohlrabi, by the way, translates roughly to "cabbage turnip," which is an apt description of this root vegetable.)
Here's a look at the back of the seed envelope...
The interesting thing is that the seed instructions are printed in both English and Czechoslovakian. Czech immigrants flooded the Midwest and Upper Midwest during the 19th century and became part of the farming backbone of our nation. And so it was only natural the many products and services were offered with Czech translations. It also made the detailed color illustrations in catalogs and on packaging crucial for those who couldn't read English but knew what they needed. And that is part of what gave rise to the lithography business in the 19th century.
Share your thoughts about any part of this post -- farm ephemera, De Giorgi Bros or Czech-American farming heritage -- in the comments section below. There's so much more that could be expanded upon, and I'd love to hear your thoughts and stories. | <urn:uuid:f8ae8c37-b54a-41d6-8015-35fed0a6f558> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cappersfarmer.com/humor-and-nostalgia/the-seedy-side-of-vintage-farm-ephemera | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00122-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968177 | 735 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Degrees and Certifications:
Welcome to Kindergarten!
I am excited about being your child’s teacher this year! I have so many exciting activities and themes planned for this year, and I cannot wait to get started. This will be my second year teaching at Lone Tree Elementary and I am thrilled to be a part of this community.
The minds of children and adolescents are like a treasure that only some care to seek out and spend their lives looking to impact. Growing up I was constantly influenced by more than just educators, but every extracurricular activity I was fortunate enough to participate in. School, Girl Scouts, 4-H, and sports all played a part in my own personal upbringing. Providing that positive influence is essential to the hearts and minds of the generations that will one day take our place. The mind of a child is precious. The world is new to them, they have basic “firsts” in life. And while the world may be familiar to an adult, children help us rediscover the best things in it.
My love for learning is what makes me passionate about teaching. I look forward to bringing a positive and fun environment to the classroom and working with you all!
To help support your student’s success, here is the list of supplies needed:
Lone Tree Kindergarten
- Black thin and broad tip expo markers
- Black sharpies
- Color copy paper; pink, blue, green, yellow, red
- Crayola Fat crayons
- Crayola thin and broad markers
- Glue sticks
- Pink erasers
There are some items that are always appreciated. We would be very grateful if you could donate any of the following items anytime throughout the school year:
- Laminating pouches
- Clorox wipes
- Baby wipes
- Paper towels
- Hand sanitizer
- Band aides
- Index cards (white and color)
- Brown and white paper lunch bags
- Ziplock bags; gallon, quart, sandwhich
- Child-sized disposable masks
- Books for classroom library (used or new)
If you have any questions about the upcoming year, please feel free to contact me firstname.lastname@example.org. Thank you and I am looking forward to a wonderful school year! | <urn:uuid:7bbd8ff2-f721-4ea3-ae38-4eec8c094c16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.antiochschools.net/domain/3358 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.938941 | 523 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Commercial cleaning refers to the cleaning of offices and business premises on a daily, weekly or monthly basis. These premises are usually public premises. entretien ménager commercial Wherever there is public movement, there is bound to be dirt thus leaving the place unsanitary. Cleaning the premises regularly helps in giving the environment around a fresh appearance. People using these places would like the cleanliness around and this has a positive effect on their attitude as well, first impressions really do count.
A contract cleaning company does commercial cleaning on a massive scale. Such a commercial cleaning company not only provides the labour and the labour involved, the company also supplies the cleaning material and equipment.
Inhouse Cleaners are those who are involved in the upkeep and maintenance of a building. Though the dictionary meaning of the term include the housekeeper, the inhouse cleaners are responsible for the overall cleaning and maintenance of big hotels and hospitals.
Usage of inhouse cleaners is regulated by certain laws and some legislations. The cleaners should all be of a certain age group, should have the required training and should also have a complete insurance as well as having a clean criminal record.
The law stipulating their hours of work and the minimum wages to be paid are to be strictly followed. There are licensed cleaners who are in the job of providing all housekeeping assistance. Though there is no scope of availing of cheap cleaning services from unlicensed service providers, there are hefty legal penalties applicable if such service providers are used.
A company which helps in providing you the cleaning assistance for your entire building is termed as a commercial cleaning company. If you incur any loss or damage because of the fact that the cleaning activity was not carried out rightly, then the costs, both medical and legal, would be borne by the cleaning company.
Professional Contract Cleaners in Leeds and other major cities should be made aware of these strict regulations and laws as some companies are oblivious to the fact some may be breaking the law.
Cleaning services are also provided to you on a contractual basis by the contract cleaning companies. The cleaners with licenses offer you both the cleaning materials and the labour for your daily needs. The laws governing the contract cleaning are similar to inhouse cleaning companies.
Generally, building owners and operators require the cleaning work to be completed before business hours begin and after business hours come to an end. Cleaning work should not come in the way of normal business operation too – although cleaners during business hours is becoming more popular. | <urn:uuid:2b3e1e5c-e6fb-452e-9a62-f5b22a9cf854> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://ayshah43.unblog.fr/2021/09/16/contract-cleaning-regulations-and-rules/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.970016 | 502 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Atitlan sentence example
Lake Atitlan is 24 m.
The peaks of the Guatemala Cordillera rise round it, culminating near its southern end in the volcanoes of San Pedro (7000 ft.) and Atitlan (11,719 ft.).
As a contrast the Lake of Atitlan (q.v.) is a land-locked basin encompassed with lofty mountains.
The capital of the republic, Guatemala or Guatemala la Nueva (pop. 1905 about 97,000) and the cities of Quezaltenango (31,000), Totonicapam (28,000), Coban (25,000), Solola (17,000), Escuintla (12,000), Huehuetanango (12,000), Amatitlan (io,000) and Atitlan (9000) are described under separate headings.Advertisement | <urn:uuid:316048a6-dcbc-4d6a-a394-0cca60d53a1a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sentence.yourdictionary.com/atitlan | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.794726 | 185 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Butters That Are Good For Hair
Butters are heavier than oils and remain on the hair and scalp longer. They provide extra moisture and are ideal for dry, thick, curly hair. Here is a list of butters that are good for the hair, but by no means is this an exhaustive list.
- One of the creamiest, richest by-products of the fruit
- Works as a natural sunscreen
- Is extremely rich and heavy
- Helps to control frizz
- Leaves your hair looking shiny
- Will leave your hair soft, untangled and rehydrated
- Has all the properties of the oil
- The oil is hydrogenated to produce this butter
- Possesses a slightly almond-like aroma.
- Has strong antioxidant properties due to its high content of palmitic and ascorbic (Vitamin C) acids.
- Bacuri butter is highly moisturising and emollient.
- It lends gloss and manageability to dry or
- Adds shine, vibrancy and improves the general health of hair
- Is one of the most concentrated, protective emollients that we know of.
- It is full of nutrients vital for healthy hair
- Is a wonderful defence against harsh environmental factors
- Certain components in it keep the hair strong, vitalized, nourished and protected from effects of ageing
- Has antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties
- Treats dry, itchy skin and used as hair tonic for healthy and shiny hair.
- A natural conditioner for hair
- The molecular structure of coconut oil makes it easier to penetrate through the hair shaft and works with the natural hair proteins.
- Used to treat conditions like dry scalp or fungal conditions like seborrheic dermatitis that cause itchy flakes
- Coconut oil can minimize protein loss, as it contains the medium-chain triglycerides that can pass through the cell membrane and waterproof the scalp and hair.
- Makes hair stronger and thicker.
- It keeps the hair well moisturized and the hair shaft strong. This will prevent breakage of the hair and allow it to grow longer and thicker without looking damaged.
- The use of coconut oil on the scalp can also help to keep it free of lice, and will help to heal anything from a mosquito bite that might be on the scalp to the occasional pimple that people get on their heads.
- Keeps the scalp moisturised and healthy, which will in turn help to encourage hair growth
- Is remarkable for water absorption. Its level of water absorption is significantly higher than lanolin anhydrous
- Rich content of sterols
- Possesses a softer, creamier consistency than Cocoa Butter, and it offers exceptional moisturisation for the skin and hair.
- The high level of essential fatty acids and phytosterols within cupuacu butter gives it the ability to restore elasticity to the skin and treat skin conditions including eczema and dermatitis.
- Cupuacu Butter is an effective ingredient for use in hair care products intended to add shine and replenish the moisture in hair.
- Good for Dry, Brittle and Damaged Hair
- Is exotic and luxurious, and is quite similar to cocoa butter in its triglyceride composition
- Is good for dry or over processed hair
- Illipe butter is renowned for it’s incredible moisturizing properties and its ability to restore elasticity to the skin
- softens hair and moisturises the scalp
- Contains high amounts of vitamin A and stigmasterol, a natural skin firming agent, which is an unsaturated plant sterol.
- Similar to both shea and cocoa butters.
- Has effective anti-inflammatory properties
- Is highly emollient
- is a very moisturising butter without greasiness
Macadamia nut butter
- Is made by a blending process with cold pressed hydrogenated macadamia nut oil and the fatty fractions and unsaponifiables collected during the refining process of the oil
- Macadamia nut butter is a light, non greasy butter that penetrates the skin easily.
- Macadamia Nut Butter can be used as-is on the skin or hair to add intensive moisture.
- Its light, non-greasy
- Has all the properties of the oil
- It is rich in stearic acid, making it similar in composition to cocoa butter.
- Is emollient, prevents dryness and lends protection
against the sun.
- Adds excellent moisturising and lubricating properties
- Great source of essential fatty acids
- Relieves itching skin
- It contains a high level of Vitamin A
- It lends gloss and manageability to dry or frizzy hair
- It helps to retain moisture
- Restores natural sheen and softness
- Improves the flexibility of hair
- Absolutely brilliant for dry hair
- Creates a permeable barrier that prevents moisture loss
- Keeps hair hydrated & pliable.
- Murumuru is ideal for the treatment of lifeless and damaged hair.
- It is highly recommended for Afro-ethnic hair care
- Is obtained from cold pressed olive oil. The extracted oil undergoes a unique refining process to collect the unsaponifiable fractions of the oil.
- Olive butter possesses all of the natural qualities
of olive oil and is similar in feel to shea butter.
- It is used to treat a variety of skin conditions such as eczema, irritations, extreme dryness, stretch marks and wrinkle prevention, burns, cuts and small skin wounds, after sun care and insect bites
- Contains an abundance of healing ingredients, including vitamins, minerals, proteins and a unique fatty acid profile
- It is a superior active moisturizer
- Has natural sunscreen properties and anti-inflammatory agents.
- Helps with skin conditions and ailments such as extreme dryness, eczema, dermatitis, skin allergies, fungal infections, blemishes,wrinkles, stretch marks, scars, scrapes, sun damaged skin, and more.
- Provides moisture to dry hair and restores luster and elasticity to damaged hair
- Helps to maintain moisture in dry brittle hair as well as helping to retain softness.
- It will absorb quickly and completely into the scalp to counteract dry scalp.
- Will not clog the pores of your scalp.
- Shea butter is an ideal hair conditioner to be used alone or as a hair product ingredient to keep normal hair healthy and improve dry or damaged hair
- Is created by combining equal quantities of shea
butter and aloe vera gel.
- Is used in skin care formulations to soothe dry, irritated skin and can be used as a skin or hair conditioner
- Combines the benefits of shea butter and aloe vera gel
Sweet almond butter
- Is obtained from the refined cold pressed oil.
The unsaponifiables are collected during the refinement process and then blended with hydrogenated almond oil to produce a butter-like
- Sweet almond butter possesses emollient and nutritive properties similar to that of shea butter
- Has all the natural qualities of sweet almond oil | <urn:uuid:26f9745d-a7d2-4c24-b9c4-62d4ed0feb7b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nadiasnotes.com/tag/mango-butter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.904517 | 1,564 | 1.804688 | 2 |
“Seeing examples of human resilience around the world is really inspiring, but also it tells us that we can thrive in the harshest of environments, in the darkest of times. That somehow, we as a species, we’ve found ways out of this before.”
In this episode I talked with Dr. Afton Halloran about:
global food security and sustainability;
the link between climate-induced food insecurity and climate refugees – and the possible solutions to the related challenges;
the reality that there are no silver bullets to the critical environmental challenges we face; but at the same time there are still a number of positive solutions to our problems that are “lights at the end of the tunnel”, for example the domestication of insects as food sources.
We also talked about what gives Afton hope and keeps her going when things look dark, and the advice she would offer listeners about what they can do to be part of making a difference in meeting the challenges of the Twenty First Century Imperative and how we can all maintain hope.
Afton is an independent consultant in Sustainable Food Systems Transitions, and a transdisciplinary scientist. She has worked on food and agriculture issues with organizations such as the World Bank, World Health Organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and the Nordic Council of Ministers.
Afton is a consultant-researcher for the Food Planet Prize Secretariat, has co-authored and edited three books on sustainable food systems, and holds a research position at the University of Copenhagen. Afton is also now the host of the Nordic Talks podcast – the number one producer of Nordic inspirational podcasts on sustainability.
Afton grew up on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, but is now based in Copenhagen, Denmark. After completing an Honours BSc at the University of British Columbia, Afton studied at the University of Copenhagen where she completed a Master of Science, and then a PHD.
We also talked about what gives Afton hope and keeps her going when things look dark, and what advice she would offer listeners about what they can do to be part of making a difference in meeting the challenges of the Twenty First Century Imperative and maintaining their hope?
Important Lessons Learned About How To Increase Awareness of Climate Change And Limit and Adapt to It
Well, one of the biggest things that I would say very simply: It’s about communication! Being clear in what were we moving towards, what the ultimate goal is. …If we are creating a new system, or making a transition, then what are we moving towards? And, I think that this is important. No matter where you are, you need to know that we’re moving towards a system where we will be able to flourish, where we will have lifestyles that we are happy to live, where we know that we will be prosperous. And I think that that’s one of the biggest things that I’ve learned in the work that I’m doing that because these are major challenges.
Climate change is a huge challenge. It is an existential crisis. But at the same time, if we frame it only as a doom and gloom situation, then I don’t think we’re going to get people on board and make those changes. So, communicating in a way that helps people realize that they should do their part, but also on a much larger level of how the governments have a role to play in this in contributing to making those transitions. I don’t think there’s a silver bullet solution, but actually just consolidating all this information that we have, because I think we’ve gotten really good with the science. Now it’s the action that has to happen.
Afton in Northeastern Thailand enjoying some freshly roasted crickets with a Thai cricket farmer.
What Gives Afton Hope About The Future:
I’m very positive. Maybe you can hear it in my voice. I’m a very positive person and I have a pretty positive outlook on things. So, what keeps me going? I think it’s just recognizing my privilege and realizing that I am one of few people on this planet who has been able to travel so extensively and meet people from different cultures, experience different realities. So, I think seeing examples of human resilience around the world is really inspiring, but also it tells us that we can thrive in the harshest of environments, in the darkest of times. That somehow, we as a species have found ways out of this before.
But again, I also think that, just being hopeful is not a strategy, it has to be coupled with some kind of action. I mean, in order to not just think, “Oh, okay, everything will be better because we’ve done this before. The human species has overcome many challenges. We’ll get ourselves out of this.” But also, just to be around a lot of people who are actually doing really cool stuff and interesting stuff and impactful things. I think that if you don’t surround yourself with that and see that the people are making these commitments to change, then I think it’s easy to surround yourself with the media that is, can be really, really dark, and where you hear about these stories that doesn’t give you hope. So, I think it’s just being surrounded by these really great people who are doing great work.
And then, I think also looking back in history and also learning about and understanding these pivotal moments in human history that have taken us to a new place and shaped a new direction. So, I think having been able to navigate between the past, the present and the future is really important. I guess, that’s what gives me hope.
Advice Afton Advised Listeners About Making a Difference:
Be critical whenever a new solution is presented, or a new something, or someone is trying to say that they’ve found the silver bullet. Be critical and ask yourself: how would this transform our current situation. Will it solidify the status quo and business as usual, or will actually help us to get to the root of the problem. And I think that it’s important to also understand what you can do about it, given your professional background, your career, your personal life. Because I think we all have something to contribute. Some have more power than others. But what are you going to do with that? I also think it’s a question of what kind of legacy you’re going to leave behind?
At the end of your life, are you going to look back and say, “I was able to do things that actually had a huge impact on society, on the environment,” or will you look back in your life and realized that you actually contributed to the problem? So, I think it is important to frame it in this way. So, I believe that we all can do something, we can all take small actions in our life.
What Afton Asked of Listeners:
I think because many of your listeners are probably working directly with food systems, I would say: consider how your work directly or indirectly relates to improving health and the health of our planet, but also human health. And, what can you actually influence? Because the beautiful and interesting thing about working with food is that everyone has relationship to it, whether it’s in their personal, professional lives. So, try to understand what the impact you have might be.
Links Referred to by Afton:
- SITRA: Finnish government’s innovation agency aiming at a fair and sustainable future, the next era of well-being.
- Future Tense Podcast by from the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. A critical look at our shape-shifting world and how we’re learning to adapt: the new technologies, new approaches and new responses arising from rapid change.
- Forum for the Future, an international non-profit working with business, government and civil society to solve complex sustainability challenges based in the UK.
Afton’s Book Recommendations:
- Factfulness: Ten Reasons We’re Wrong About the World – and Why Things Are Better Than You Think by Hans Rosling, Ola Rosling, Anna Rosling Rönnlund
- Invisible Women: Data Bias in a World Designed for Men by Caroline Criado Perez, Anna Sak (Translator)
- Hungry City: How Food Shapes Our Lives by Carolyn Steel
- The Way We Eat Now by Bee Wilson
Please Support this Podcast:
The Twenty First Century Imperative podcast is ad-free and relies entirely on user support. If you find it valuable, please consider supporting us by becoming a patron at our TFCI Patreon Page. And we now have a new TFCI Online-shop, with all the proceeds going to cover our production costs! And it has some great products for you! We have organic, fair-trade t-shirts and hoodies, as well as non-toxic BPA-free coffee containers, with great graphics! So, if you like the podcast, please think about helping us out by buying a t-shirt, hoodie or mug for you (and one for each of your friends!) | <urn:uuid:d93a8d54-460b-4bce-9e35-17ec96cc947c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tfcipodcast.com/2020/07/20/episode-022-dr-afton-halloran-towards-a-sustainable-future-where-we-can-flourish/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.960905 | 1,941 | 2.234375 | 2 |
The current luxury real estate market is redefining “extravagant.”
First, a 8,930-square-foot house on nine acres in Northern California found a buyer for a state record-breaking $117 million. Then word came that financier Gary Winnick is quietly asking $225 million for his trophy home on an 8.4-acre knoll in Bel-Air.
Now, a Beverly Hills estate is being offered for lease at $600,000 a month, dwarfing the $150,000 a month asked for summer months at Malibu’s finest properties or the $100,000 a month paid by singing legend Michael Jackson for his last residence in Holmby Hills.
In three decades of selling Westside real estate, it is the highest price for a lease that listing agent Jeffrey Hyland of Hilton & Hyland has seen. “It may be the most expensive lease in the country.”
The Mediterranean-style Beverly House was built by local banker Milton Getz in the 1920s but is more commonly remembered for its former residents: publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst and actress Marion Davies.
Later, it served as a honeymoon spot for Jacqueline and John F. Kennedy.
The fourth owner, attorney-investor Leonard Ross has spent more than three and a half decades in the house. He has spent countless amounts on maintenance, restoration, expansion and upgrades, adding more than 20,000 square feet of living space on four levels during his tenure.
“It has been a labor of love,” Ross said in an interview several years ago. “This is not a spec house.”
To step through the front door is to wonder if one is in Beverly Hills or Santa Barbara; in a mansion or the grand lobby of a historic hotel. The 50-foot entry hall looks out onto a series of gardens, fountains and a pool.
Listed at one point for $165 million, it was priced at $95 million three years ago to reflect the site being reduced by three acres.
Today, the 3.7-acre compound is still among the most expensive houses listed on the local Multiple Listing Service.
The formal living room off the grand entry hall is museum-like in its quality and appearance. Ross purchased the estate with some of its original furnishings, many of which adorn the oldest parts of the house.
Designed by Davies and Hearst to double as a theater complete with a drop-down screen and built-in projection portals, the 22-foot-tall living room also has served as party space over the decades. It was the site several years ago of a 60-person sit-down dinner for Prince Albert II of Monaco. “We just rolled up the rug,” Ross said.
The nearby billiards room is a more intimate space with a coffered wood ceiling, a fireplace surround moved down from Hearst Castle in San Simeon and a 1888 Brunswick pool table. Ross added a large painting of Marion Davies that he purchased later.
The heart of the house’s original rooms is the two-story library, lined with wooden shelves on both levels and a wrap-around walkway with railing above. Extra-thick glass windows let light into the restful room but shut out all sound.
The wing of the house Ross added is hard to discern at first, subtly integrated to create an overall H-shaped footprint. But the Art Deco décor, including carved glass and mirrors as well as a bar from Hugh Hefner’s now-defunct club Touch, is the giveaway, lending the lower level of the mansion a newer ambience.
Upstairs, wings of family bedrooms and staff quarters are connected by a central hallway large enough to hold two bowling lanes. There are 17 bedrooms and 29 bathrooms.
Throughout the years the grand manse’s more than 50,000 square feet of living space has been used from time to time as a movie location. Scenes from “The Godfather” and “The Bodyguard” were filmed there.
Hyland and Brandon Wolsic of Vires Real Estate Group are the listing agents. | <urn:uuid:160e2470-8991-4c94-9269-3a82ec6077f4> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.chicagotribune.com/la-fi-mo-beverly-hills-house-20130226-story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719286.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00498-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955512 | 870 | 1.609375 | 2 |
2017 Guide: Understanding Wind Energy Facts
The research and development of alternative energy sources have become huge topics of interest in both the scientific and political communities. One alternative energy source that has been gaining popularity in recent years is wind energy.
Discussions about new energy sources can be nuanced, complicated, and very technical. However, these conversations are important. As a citizen of the world, it is beneficial to be as informed and up-to-date as possible.
In order to understand wind energy facts many people often encounter questions like:
- How does wind energy work?
- What is wind energy?
- What are some wind energy pros and cons?
- What are the most important advantages of wind power?
To best understand a multifaceted topic like this, it is important to consider it holistically and with unbiased information. This review will offer an in-depth look at wind energy pros and cons, history, and modern uses in order to paint as full a picture as possible.
What Is Wind Energy?
Wind energy is a form of power production designed to harness air currents that naturally flow through the earth’s atmosphere. Wind turbines are the key to answering the question of what is wind energy. Turbines are the machines used to capture the kinetic energy of these air currents or wind, and they convert this into usable electricity.
Image from Pixabay
However, one unavoidable wind energy fact is that not all turbines are the same. There are many different uses of wind energy, and different types of turbines serve different purposes.
Large turbines are able to produce larger amounts of power proportional to their size. For example, the largest turbine in service today is 20 stories tall and makes enough power to run 1,400 homes. Smaller options are also available around just 30 feet tall and can power a single home, telecommunications dishes, or water pumps.
Because of this, the uses of wind energy and the turbines that serve them can be divided into three major categories:
- Utility-scale wind: involves turbines that produce 100 kilowatts that send electricity into a power grid to be distributed to utility customers through a power company.
- Distributed wind: involves turbines produce less than 100 kilowatts, which offers the use of wind energy directly to a home or business.
- Offshore wind: wind turbines that are built in bodies of water like seas, oceans, or lakes.
How Wind Energy Works: Nature
To understand how wind energy works, it is important to consider each aspect of the process in detail. Wind power relies on natural processes and man-made machinery, which must be understood in conjunction with one another. All of these wind energy facts are like puzzle pieces that must be fitted together to form a comprehensible picture.
Wind energy relies on the movement of air in the earth’s atmosphere. In order to answer how wind energy works, it is important to understand how the wind, or the movement of air, works.
Contrary to how it might sound, wind power is actually a form of solar energy. It is an undeniable wind energy fact that its power begins with the sun. When air is heated by the sun, it warms and rises higher into the atmosphere, and it is then replaced by cooler air—this movement is what creates the wind.
Variable atmosphere temperatures are key to producing the wind, and thus wind energy. These variable temperatures happen because different regional factors cause sections of the atmosphere to absorb radiation from the sun at different rates. These factors include:
- Geographical formations
- Bodies of water
- Presence of vegetation
- Presence of buildings
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How Wind Energy Works: Machines
The natural processes and factors that affect the wind are only part of the equation for answering how wind energy works. The wind is the source of the energy, but wind power is produced with machines that are able to harness and channel that energy.
Basic Turbine Design
The machines used to produce wind power are called wind turbines. They are much like windmills in function and appearance, but they produce electricity instead of grinding flour. Wind turbines are made of a few basic parts:
- Blade or rotor
- Controls, cables, interconnection equipment
The tower is the base of the turbine. It holds the blades into the sky to allow them to capture the wind as directly as possible. The blades fan out from the tower like an airplane propeller and turn on an axis as they are pushed by the wind. The blades are connected to a shaft or drive train, which spins as they turn. The spinning shaft is connected to a generator, which converts the kinetic energy of the spinning into electricity.
Image from Pixabay
Because wind directions are subject to sudden changes, wind energy information exchanges and adjustments are important. Most turbines include equipment that can measure weather conditions and adjust the position of the blades. This allows turbines to capture energy with optimum efficiency regardless of weather changes.
What Is a Wind Farm?
One of the most common uses of wind energy is the mass production of electricity to be fed into a utility grid. In order to do this, wind turbines are often grouped together to contribute energy to a single power plant. These plants are often called wind farms, and they can produce and distribute power to utility customers just like any other type of power plant.
What Is Wind Energy’s History?
The question of what is wind energy can be answered in a variety of ways. People have harnessed the power of the wind for many centuries to serve many different purposes. Wind energy as we know it today refers to the production of electricity; however, it has also been used to sail ships, grind grain, and pump water in the past.
Though electric turbines were first developed in the 1930s and 1940s, until the 1970s, very little thought was given to the potential advantages of wind energy. However, the energy crisis drove Americans back into the arms of alternative energy sources, and the pursuit of wind energy information was on.
During this time, the U.S. Department of Energy spearheaded some major wind energy research projects. These helped pave the way for the development of the wind turbines that are in use today.
Between 1981 and 1986 15,000 turbines were erected in California. They produced enough energy to power every home in the city of San Francisco. The high cost of fossil fuels coupled with mounting concern for the environment led to the adoption of alternative energy tax credit programs. These programs helped the industry find a lasting foothold in the American economy even when fuel prices began to decline in the 1990s.
Throughout the years, the United States has had a fluctuating interest in how wind energy works. When fossil fuels become less convenient, interest peaks, and as gas prices go down, interest is lost.
Increased conflict over oil and growing concern over the environment has boosted the popularity of the question what is wind energy in the American psyche. Currently, the advantages of wind power are enjoying a period of rapid growth, research, and development that will likely last for the foreseeable future.
Advantages of Wind Energy
Like most things in life, there are many pros and cons for wind energy. It is important to gather balanced wind energy information to ensure that an unbiased answer to the question what is wind energy can be found. As an alternative energy source, it offers many advantages including:
- Low conflict
- Renewable energy
- Low environmental impact
- Job creation
- Economic stimulation
Wind Energy Is Inexhaustible and Low-Conflict
One of the largest advantages of wind energy is that it is a renewable resource and can never be exhausted. When the wind is harnessed, it does not interfere with any natural processes. The Wind can be harnessed to produce power, but it cannot be used or consumed like other kinds of fuels. Because it is inexhaustible and infinite, it cannot be fought over like oil or methane.
Low Environmental Impact
A huge advantage of wind power is that it is an extremely clean option for electricity production. It does not produce any pollution in either its used or distribution. Unlike fossil fuels, it does not involve any air pollution or the production of greenhouse gasses.
The development of wind power can also help reduce the number of fossil fuels consumed in power production. In 1990 California’s wind power plants contributed enough power to the grid to prevent 2.5 billion pounds of carbon monoxide and 15 million pounds of other pollutants from being produced.
Job Creation and Economic Stimulation
It would not be unreasonable to seek an answer to the question how does wind energy work to improve the economy. The perfect energy source would strike a balance between both environmental and economic sustainability.
There are definite environmental advantages of wind power, but it has also proven itself friendly to the economies of rural communities. 99.8% of all wind farms are located in rural areas and have created 88,000 jobs in the U.S. This number will only increase as the industry expands. 70% of these farms are located in low-income countries, which makes them particularly crucial to economic development.
Wind energy is also less likely to interfere with the use of the land in the rural communities. This is because the land occupied by wind farms can be used simultaneously for power production and other pursuits like farming or ranching. Landowners can lease their fields for more than one purpose at a time.
There may be many pros and cons of wind energy, but it has proven to be a very efficient choice for clean energy production. Due to improved turbine design and technology, most are able to produce electricity 90% of their operational time.
In 2012 the DOE National Renewable Energy Laboratory conducted a study to gather wind energy information concerning average wind climates throughout the United States. This information was compared to how much power could potentially be produced based on those findings. This study concluded that around 33,000 TWH of potential power could be harnessed by the wind on U.S. soil, which is nearly 8 times more power than was used by U.S. residence in 2012.
Disadvantages of Wind Energy
Wind energy has many great selling points. But in order to truly answer the question how does wind energy work, it is important to look at both the pros and cons of wind energy.
Wind energy has been known to produce noise pollution from the sound of the turning blades. The turbines themselves also impact their environment from an aesthetic point of view because they must be placed in open areas and can obstruct the view around them.
Some experts have raised concerns about the environmental impact of wind power due to the effect that it can have on wildlife. Bird and bats have been known to die as a result of flying into the windmills themselves. Though this is still a concern, these instances have been greatly reduced in recent years do the improvements made in wind farm site selection and technological developments.
Though there are many wind energy pros and cons, one big disadvantage is that many wind farms must be built in remote locations by necessity. This is to ensure that the rotors have adequate space and that no buildings block the flow of the wind. This means that power from wind energy must be transported great distances to cities and towns.
It is also an undeniable wind energy fact that turbines can only produce energy while the wind is blowing at particular speeds. The Wind must be at least 6 to 9 miles per hour in order for the rotors to turn enough to produce energy. But, turbines cannot safely operate in winds greater than 45 miles per hour without risking damage to the equipment.
Image from UCSUSA
Because of these limitations and different regional factors that can affect the presence and persistence of wind, some locations will be better suited than others for the uses of wind energy. This means that wind farms are limited in where they can be built, a drawback that some other energy sources do not have.
Conclusion: Understanding Wind Energy Facts
Understanding how wind energy works can be a complex undertaking. However, gathering the best wind energy facts makes it easier to weigh the pros and cons of wind energy.
Keep some of our larger points in mind as you search wind energy information:
- One of the greatest advantages of wind energy is that it is a renewable resource with little to no environmental impact.
- In order to understand how wind energy works it is important to understand the natural processes that affect air currents.
- Wind energy facts involve an understanding of turbine mechanics and engineering.
The world of wind energy facts is constantly changing. New technologies are in continuous development, and energy research is always searching for possible improvements. Because of this, the true understanding of alternative energy sources like wind power is a constant learning process. Our review can provide a detailed overview of the current state of the industry and help an interested citizen of the world better understand the alternative energy technologies available.
AdvisoryHQ (AHQ) Disclaimer:
Reasonable efforts have been made by AdvisoryHQ to present accurate information, however all info is presented without warranty. Review AdvisoryHQ’s Terms for details. Also review each firm’s site for the most updated data, rates and info.
Note: Firms and products, including the one(s) reviewed above, may be AdvisoryHQ's affiliates. Click to view AdvisoryHQ's advertiser disclosures. | <urn:uuid:eb12bfd9-92b5-46ee-a716-776380d0e736> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.advisoryhq.com/articles/what-is-wind-energy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.951611 | 2,760 | 3.359375 | 3 |
The delicate pastel pink Zygocactus flower blooms in our tropical Winter during late June/early July in Far North Queensland, Australia. Taken at home in the afternoon near Innisfail on an overcast and somewhat quite chilly (unusual to be below 20 degrees Celsius) day.
Common name: Zygocactus, Christmas cactus, and Crab’s claw cactus Botanic name: Schlumbergera truncata Hybrids
Handheld Pentax K10D, Prime Lens smc Pentax 55mm F1.2 1/90sec, @F22, ISO 100, manual focus.
Photo processing – Natural state.
(This was taken with my very first SLR Lens which I forgot I had and recently rediscovered it in my black camera bag archives. It came with my first ever SLR (late 70’s), a Pentax K1000 also in good working order but ‘neglected’ in use since purchasing a DSLR in 2007.) | <urn:uuid:b17cb1e8-579c-4056-bc03-3fce01037da3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.redbubble.com/people/artropica/works/9069367-flutterer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00054-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924073 | 206 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Southeastern plans MLK candlelight march Jan. 18
Contact: Tonya Lowentritt
HAMMOND – Southeastern Louisiana University will celebrate the legacy of the late Civil Rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. with a candlelight processional and remembrance program on Tuesday, Jan. 18.
The event, sponsored annually by the Kappa Nu Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity and the Office of Multicultural and International Student Affairs, will begin at 6 p.m. at St. Tammany Hall.
Duane Donald, coordinator of special projects at Southeastern and Alpha Phi Alpha member, said the fraternity has been actively involved in sponsoring the event because of the important message and legacy King left behind through his life.
“His message still resonates with all Americans, so this is an opportunity for the campus community as well as the surrounding communities to pay tribute to our fraternity brother, Dr. King.”
Participants will walk to the War Memorial Student Union, where Alpha Phi Alpha will continue the tradition of laying a wreath at the tree planted in Dr. King’s memory in the War Memorial Student Union Park. Shortly after the laying of the wreath, Southeastern alumnus Ron Austin will deliver an address. Also an Alpha Phi Alpha member, Austin is the owner of Austin and Associates, one of the most prosperous minority-owned law firms in Louisiana.
For additional information, contact Southeastern’s Office of Multicultural and International Student Affairs, 985-549-3850. | <urn:uuid:52c07421-104e-425a-9044-ca973d7208f9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.southeastern.edu/news_media/news_releases/2011/jan/mlk_march.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00191-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.905908 | 309 | 1.5 | 2 |
by Rebecca Beitsch, The Hill
- The Vatican has released “Journeying Towards Care For Our Common Home,” a 225-page encyclical calling on all church bishops to divest from fossil fuels in efforts to slow the climate crisis
- The document also calls on Catholics to drop support for companies that support abortion and armaments
- Pope Francis has also recently called on countries to uphold the Paris Climate Agreement that helps reduce emissions globally
- The Pope also told oil executives that the time to act on protecting the environment is now:
“We do not have the luxury of waiting for others to step forward or of prioritizing short-term economic benefits. The climate crisis requires our decisive action, here and now”
Fossil fuel divestment and the transition to 100% clean energy is critical to ending the climate crisis. To read more stories on divestment efforts, visit our Divestment news page. | <urn:uuid:492285b5-9c84-4a19-bb54-11d279bb83de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theclimatecenter.org/vatican-calls-on-catholics-to-divest-from-fossil-fuels/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.9482 | 194 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Non-classical light for quantum information
MetadataShow full item record
Non-classical light is both easily encoded with quantum information and robust against decoherence, making it a key resource that enables many quantum information applications including quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum metrology. We present a wide range of experimental and theoretical research toward the generation, detection, characterization, and storage of non-classical states of light with an eye toward quantum information applications. To provide a basis for the rest of the work, we begin by discussing theoretically the role of photon number statistics in optical quantum information and the use of second-order optical coherence to characterize non-classical light. Building on that, we present an original tool for the difficult problem of reconstructing the underlying mode distribution of multi-mode optical fields using simple measurements of higher-order optical coherence. We then move on to the problem of generating and storing single photons. We do this in a solid-state medium, a rare-earth ion-doped crystal, with a long-lived spin transition ideal for storing quantum information. We experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of this concept by showing correlations between the optical fields that herald storage and retrieval of collective excitations. This scheme can be used for the two important and distinct applications of generating single photons on-demand and storing quantum information and entanglement. The detection of non-classical light is a task as important as its generation. To this end, we study detectors with near unity detection efficiency and photon number resolution for use in quantum-enabled metrology. We use such a detector to experimentally demonstrate compression of spatial fringes and investigate the possibility of improving measurement resolution with classical and non-classical light. Finally, we report a set of experiments using photon number statistics to characterize classical and non-classical light. We measure suppression of unwanted multi-photon emission in a heralded single photon source based on four-wave mixing in microstructure optical fiber. And we, for the first time, experimentally demonstrate reconstruction of multi-mode classical and non-classical light from measured photon number statistics. | <urn:uuid:d9e42f5d-350e-487c-99d6-b83cad2cfc2f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/15112 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00550-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.898415 | 430 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Gazette du Bon Ton
Minneapolis College of Art and Design
The Minneapolis College of Art and Design is contributing approximately 100 images of early 20th century French fashion plates from La Gazette du Bon Ton. Published from 1912-1925, La Gazette du Bon Ton chronicled contemporary developments in fashion, lifestyle, and beauty and advanced fashion illustration to a new level of refinement and sophistication. The most distinctive feature of the magazine was its illustrations. Each of La Gazette du Bon Ton's 70 issues contained ten unbound, high-quality, hand-colored pochoir prints produced by notable artists and illustrators such as Georges Lepape, Pierre Brissaud, Georges Barbier, and Bernard Boutet de Monvel. In each issue, seven of the ten prints depicted the latest haute couture designs from Parisian fashion houses, such as Doeuillet, Doucet, Paquin, Redfern, and Worth. Additionally, three prints in each issue presented wholly fanciful designs invented by the illustrators, in which they both interpreted and commented on the latest styles and the lives of those who wore them. Through these prints, La Gazette du Bon Ton readers were offered glimpses of upper class life, manners, social environments, and leisure pursuits. As such, the Gazette du Bon Ton illustrations are a unique visual record of fashion and high society in early 20th century France, from the last years of the Belle Epoque to the dawn of the Art Deco era.
Allan Kohl, Visual Resources Librarian, has selected and digitized these images from issues of La Gazette du Bon Ton housed in the Special Collections of the Minneapolis College of Art and Design Library. | <urn:uuid:10f69394-14b3-431d-bd08-6f4b5e0abdfc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://artstor.org/content/gazette-du-bon-ton | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00385-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.910265 | 343 | 2.109375 | 2 |
We at Love with Donuts, make the freshest of doughnuts around for people. best donuts in Australia We utilize the best fixings and ensure every one of our doughnuts are 100 percent protected and delicious for people.
However, much we might want to, we don’t make doughnuts for pets.
Since our pets have an unexpected stomach related framework in comparison to us.
Canines, for example, have more modest intestinal systems so they will generally eat food varieties that are simpler to separate.
In this way, it is better not to take care of your pets doughnuts or any sort of food made for people.
Doughnuts Ingredients that Can be Harmful for Pets
What is a doughnut? A doughnut is a seared cake made of sweet batter and spread with different excited frostings.
Basically, flour, eggs, sugar, spread, baking powder, and icing sugar goes into the creation of a doughnut.
These fixings are generally not intrinsically lethal for your pets.
While crude flour can be destructive for your pets, once cooked, it is totally ok for your pets to eat.
Eggs are nutritious and ought to be taken care of to the pets sometimes to keep up their endurance.
Sugar isn’t excessively perfect of a food yet it is as yet not destructive for your pets, whenever taken into modest quantities.
You shouldn’t allow your pets to guzzle down a bar of spread yet they can have a taste without causing any significant medical problem.
In this way, none of the fixings that go into making doughnuts are unsafe for your pets. Why mightn’t you at any point take care of your pets doughnuts?
That is on the grounds that the previously mentioned things are just the most essential fixings that go into making a doughnut.
Doughnuts accompany much more stuff that can be possibly destructive for your pets.
As dear chocolate is to you as unsafe it is for your pets. Indeed, even a little portion of chocolate can fundamentally affect your pets. While milk chocolate, which is much of the time utilized in the creation of doughnuts, isn’t as unsafe for pets, dim chocolate and baking chocolate can be very hurtful.
It’s a given you ought to get your pets far from fake flavors. A few counterfeit sugars, for example, xylitol are lethal for canines. While such fixings don’t come up in that frame of mind of fixings that goes into making doughnuts, they are available in many doughnuts. Furthermore, hence, you should try not to take care of your pets doughnuts.
The fillings that go into doughnuts are frequently made of counterfeit sugars and chocolates. A scope of different flavors and sugars are likewise utilized in making the fillings of doughnuts. These flavors and sugars can be destructive for your pets or not. It is smarter to not face the challenge of taking care of your pets doughnuts without realizing what goes into your doughnut.
Garnishes are a significant piece of doughnuts. Sprinkles, chocolate chips, whipped cream, dry organic products, and a scope of other stuff goes on top of doughnuts. A piece of the garnish on your doughnut likely will not unfavorably affect your pets. In any case, you should comprehend that canines and felines can’t deal with various food varieties that we devour consistently.
What to do If Your Dog Eats a Donut?
However, it is quite difficult? Is it? You can’t simply not give treats to your pets and trust they will disappear.
Once in a while our fuzzy friends volunteer to get the treat. It just pauses for a minute of your obliviousness and in no time, your pets are taking off holding a doughnut between their teeth.
All in all, what then, at that point?
Imagine a scenario where your pets eat a doughnut or two preceding you could grab it away from them.
Assuming that they ate the extra scraps from your plate, you shouldn’t need to be stressed.
By and by, on the off chance that they ate an entire doughnut, it very well may involve concern.
The principal thing you really want to do is contact your vet and let them measure what is going on.
They will tell you how concerned you truly should be. Assuming that they request that you carry your pet to their center, do it as quickly as possible.
Assuming they request that you look after the pets and check whether they are acting strangely, you ought to check on the off chance that your pets are:
We trust this article assisted you with eliminating any confusion about whether your pets can eat doughnuts.
To summarize it, no, your pets can’t eat doughnuts and ought not be eating any sort of food made for people.
Meanwhile, in the event that you are desiring a few hot and new doughnuts, My Love with Donuts takes care of you.
Visit My Love with Donuts or request on the web and get your hands on in excess of 60 assortments of doughnuts immediately
Read More: 10 gift ideas for donut lovers | <urn:uuid:31f51731-016f-45e6-aa5e-d9842b9a387e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hbzjw.org/best-donuts-in-australia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.947578 | 1,100 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Solvay’s Zeniva® PEEK was selected by KiSCO Co. for the first non-metal lumbar cage for vertical interbody fusion made in Japan. This advanced spinal cage is commercially-available only in Japan, where that country’s Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) approved the implantable medical device for production in October 2018. KiSCO began selling the advanced spinal cage in February 2019.
KiSCO machined the spinal cage from Zeniva® ZA-500 PEEK, which Solvay manufactures in compliance with ISO 13485. The performance properties of Zeniva® PEEK, including excellent fatigue resistance and a modulus similar to bone, were key factors in material selection. KiSCO also wanted an implantable medical material that could facilitate post-operative diagnosis. As an alternative to titanium, a common spinal cage material, PEEK is attractive because its radio transparency allows for easy visualization in medical X-ray and MRI imaging.
The primary function of a spinal cage is to maintain the proper intervertebral angle and height until spinal fusion occurs. However, spinal cages also need to accelerate bone fusion and support adjustments during surgery. KiSCO’s advanced spinal cages allow surgeons to use a screw-and-spacer mechanism to make these necessary adjustments.
During clinical trials, Solvay’s Zeniva® PEEK enabled KiSCO’s advanced spinal cage to maintain structural stability even when screws were used to expand the spacers. Solvay’s responsiveness and ability to provide quality data for biological evaluation facilitated the regulatory process so that KiSCO could secure approval from PMDA in a short period of time.
“Solvay is pleased that our ongoing support was instrumental to the successful development of KiSCO’s first PEEK spinal cage for the Japanese medical industry,” said Kiyomi Ando, sales development manager for Healthcare, Japan at Solvay’s Specialty Polymers global business unit. “Our uniquely collaborative approach differentiates us from other PEEK suppliers in this industry and allowed us to pool our respective capabilities and resources with KiSCO to meet an important need in the medical marketplace.”
Solvay’s Zeniva® PEEK is commercially available worldwide.
® Zeniva is a registered trademark of Solvay
KiSCO Co., Ltd., established in 1968, is a company of the development and sales for the orthopedic category, especially focusing on trauma and spine products, which supplies various innovative devices to the market. Based on KiSCO’s company mission, “KiSCO-people creating innovative devices and providing high-quality service to medical experts for better health worldwide,” the company is always trying to improve the QOL of patients and to meet our customers’ satisfaction by utilizing our core competency in the healthcare area.
Learn more at www.kisco.jp.
Solvay is an advanced materials and specialty chemicals company, committed to developing chemistry that addresses key societal challenges. Solvay innovates and partners with customers worldwide in many diverse end markets. Its products are used in planes, cars, batteries, smart and medical devices, as well as in mineral and oil and gas extraction, enhancing efficiency and sustainability. Its lightweighting materials promote cleaner mobility, its formulations optimize the use of resources and its performance chemicals improve air and water quality. Solvay is headquartered in Brussels with around 27,000 employees in 62 countries. Net sales were €10.3 billion in 2018, with 90% from activities where Solvay ranks among the world’s top 3 leaders, resulting in an EBITDA margin of 22%. Solvay SA (SOLB.BE) is listed on Euronext Brussels and Paris Bloomberg: SOLB.BB – Reuters: SOLB.BR), and in the United States its shares (SOLVY) are traded through a level-1 ADR program. Financial figures take into account the planned divestment of Polyamides.
Solvay Specialty Polymers manufactures over 1500 products across 35 brands of high-performance polymers – fluoropolymers, fluoroelastomers, fluorinated fluids, semi-aromatic polyamides, sulfone polymers, ultra-high performance aromatic polymers, and high-barrier polymers – for use in Aerospace, Alternative Energy, Automotive, Healthcare, Membranes, Oil and Gas, Packaging, Plumbing, Semiconductors, Wire & Cable, and other industries. Learn more at www.solvayspecialtypolymers.com.
Learn more at solvay.com
Solvay Specialty Polymers
+39 02 2909 2127
Industrial Media Relations
+32 474 117 091
Solvay Specialty Polymers
+1 770 772 8451
AH&M Marketing Communications
+1 413 448 2260 Ext. 470 | <urn:uuid:285ca940-5e82-418b-8a92-77f2bc0d69d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://plasticstar.io/solvays-zeniva-peek-enables-advanced-spinal-cage-from-japan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.905046 | 1,102 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Some Tips for Writing Online Content
- Less is more! Use clear, meaningful and concise wording when writing.
- Write for the audience first. What are they looking for?
- Think of the main message you are trying to convey.
- Use effective headings to grab attention and engage the reader.
- Don’t be afraid to edit, edit, edit! If you feel the page doesn’t communicate your message, chances are it isn’t.
- When using hyperlinks:
- Write content that is focused on the user’s needs, not your own.
- Limit each paragraph to one key concept.
- Keep content short, use lists and short paragraphs. | <urn:uuid:c59166bc-cbb8-4e2f-9724-3b829559f764> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.deltastate.edu/wordpressdocs/writing-for-the-web/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00447-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.850566 | 147 | 2.46875 | 2 |
With induction melting turning into a bigger and more profitable business there are plenty of individuals who find themselves wondering what the difference is between a gold melting furnace and an induction melting furnace. If you’re one of those people who have found themselves curious on how these types of machinery could help you to build your business and really get yourselves started, than perhaps it is time to look into your options and figure out how to make heads or tails out of the gold melting furnace and induction heating equipment that could be the next best options for you and your business.
What is induction melting?
Induction melting requires an induction furnace that when plugged into electric applies enough heat to melt certain metals such as steal, aluminum, copper, and even precious metals such as gold and silver. These metals are melted down for a number of different projects and can be used in so many capacities and ways.
Canada is one of the areas where this type of work is not only very popular but very productive as well. 17% of the United States steals come from Canada, making it one of the biggest imports in the United States, and also making it one of the most important things to come out of Canada to the united states. Considering that 50% of the steal that is turned from these furnaces and forges are used for 50% of the buildings that are around the world, it goes to show just how important things such as learning to work with a gold melting furnace can be.
Even jewelers use these gold melting furnace options in order to melt down and make that jewelry that individuals are going to want to wear on their fingers for years to come. Even used induction furnace for sale will do just the key and making it so that your business can flourish and you can build up that business that you’ve always wanted to run. Don’t turn your head at educating yourself and learning as to what these types of steal melting induction furnace options can do for you.
Get to know that business that you’ve been trying to get started and make sure you know the ins and the outs of all aspects of it. You deserve to make the most out of your company and to know what you should be looking for and what you should be avoiding. | <urn:uuid:168ad73d-215f-48a5-81f6-d0fd082683fa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wallstreetnews.me/the-ins-and-outs-of-induction-heating/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.969226 | 452 | 1.703125 | 2 |
The seeds for Ghost On Black Mountain were sown early in my life from stories told by my grandmother, Inas Hawkins Lord, and her sisters. We spent every Sunday afternoon in the high-ceiling living room of Great Aunt Stella’s house. A free-standing coal-burning stove stood in the center. In the winter Aunt Stella, two other sisters, her daughters, their daughters, my grandmother, and me pulled our chairs close. The women spent the afternoon talking. I listened. If I remained quiet and still, they forgot I was in the room and told the real stories of the times when life in the South was lean and brutal, especially if you were a woman on your own.
Each family has a root system that when examined unearths stories passed from one generation to another. Our root system was based on the economic downfall of the South during the Depression era. An early photo of my grandmother, who was not quite sixteen, and J.D. Lord, seventeen, revealed a typical couple in the rural South in 1925. J.D. had a full head of hair, big ears, and a goofy smile. He wore a white dress shirt tucked into what looked to be dress pants complete with a belt. Dressy for a farm boy. A large bush hid most of my grandmother’s body, so I was unable to see what she was wearing. She stood next to J.D. with a grim look on her face. Maybe she was somehow looking into the future. The date was March 15, 1925. The South was already feeling the effects of the boll weevil. Both J.D. and Inas came from large cotton farming families. Soon after the picture was taken, their cotton fields were ravaged. J.D.’s family lost their farm. Inas’s family managed to hold on because her older brother owned a moonshine still.
By the time Inas reached her tenth wedding anniversary, she was a widow, orphan, and had buried one of her two daughters. Her farm was taken and her older brother, who owned most of the land in the area—due to his lucrative moonshine business—didn’t approve of her seeking work in the local Tavern (bar). With no place to live and jobless, Inas struck out walking down the road for the nearest city some thirty miles away. Alongside her walked my mother, age five. Somehow Inas would make it on her own but not before she accepted help from a married man and fed my mother cornbread and milk for supper more nights than she could count. Many nights she gave her portion of food to my mother so she wouldn’t be hungry. When my grandmother finally found a job, daycare consisted of a pair of shears and the Sears Roebuck Catalog. Inas placed my mother in the middle of her bed—they lived in a rented room—and told her to cut out paper dolls and not to leave the room for any reason.
In 1938 the Report to the President on the Economic Conditions of the South estimated that half of those in the South, who were employed, could not afford an adequate diet. A normal supper consisted of fat back—if they were lucky—cornbread and milk. Sometimes a family might switch up the meal with dried beans and biscuits. The idea that people living on a farm in the South ate good was a myth during the Depression. Due to the cash crop mentality the topsoil had eroded, and the drought of 1930-31 didn’t help matters.
While the cold hard facts of this period in history speak volumes about life in the South during the Depression, the stories make the era personal. Inas finally got a break when WWII began. She went to work at Bell Bomber—A Rosie The Riveter—where she saved half of each pay check. When she had enough money, she bought a four room house. In two years she paid off the home. As I sat in Aunt Stella’s living room on those Sundays, I could see the scenes my grandmother described as if it were just another day in her life. I understood in the details that hunger was one of the worse diseases a person could experience. My heart nearly burst with the thought of losing our home. Little did Inas know a writer was emerging from her history. Her stories would live.
Read more about the author on her website: AnnHite.com
“ONCE A PERSON LEAVES THE MOUNTAIN, THEY NEVER COME BACK, NOT REALLY. THEY’RE LOST FOREVER.
Nellie Clay married Hobbs Pritchard without even noticing he was a spell conjured into a man, a walking, talking ghost story. But her mama knew. She saw it in her tea leaves: death. Folks told Nellie to get off the mountain while she could, to go back home before it was too late. Hobbs wasn’t nothing but trouble. He’d even killed a man. No telling what else. That mountain was haunted, and soon enough, Nellie would feel it too. One way or another, Hobbs would get what was coming to him. The ghosts would see to that. . . .
Told in the stunning voices of five women whose lives are inextricably bound when a murder takes place in rural Depression-era North Carolina, Ann Hite’s unforgettable debut spans generations and conjures the best of Southern folk-lore—mystery, spirits, hoodoo, and the incomparable beauty of the Appalachian landscape.”
“Shelly Parker never much liked Faith Dobbins, the uppity way that girl bossed her around. But they had more in common than she knew. Shelly tried to ignore the haints that warned her Faith’s tyrannical father, Pastor Dobbins, was a devil in disguise. But when Faith started acting strange, Shelly couldn’t avoid the past—not anymore.
Critically acclaimed, award-winning author Ann Hite beckons readers back to the Depression-era South, from the saltwater marshes of Georgia’s coast to the whispering winds of North Carolina’s mystical Black Mountain, in a mesmerizing gothic tale about the dark family secrets that come back to haunt us.”
“A haunting historical eNovella about three slave girls with mystical powers living on an eerie island off the coast of Georgia, whose lives intertwine in their quest for freedom.
Meet Emmaline, Celestia, and Liza, three slave girls on a haunted barrier island in Georgia lowcountry.
Emmaline is a mouthy, stubborn young woman who has magic in her blood and conjures the strongest spells with hardly any effort. Celestia was ten when her mother was sold and taken from the island. She’s never stopped longing for her, even when the talking chain—a verbal underground railroad—sends word that her mother has been taken to a plantation in North Carolina. By the time she turns sixteen, she can no longer bring her mother’s face to mind, but she can still hear her urging Celestia to be thankful and keep safe. Liza was a birthday gift to the plantation’s mistress. Her mama was killed for throwing a spell on her master. Before she died she gave Liza her book of conjures, so she could protect herself. And when Liza hatches a plan for all three of them to escape, the three girls’ lives collide. What they don’t realize is that their chances of successfully escaping are slim, and the possibility that all three will die before they leave the island is more likely…” | <urn:uuid:2ada53df-974b-4955-8ea9-b5759438cd50> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://historical-fiction.com/author-guest-post-ann-hite/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00271-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976442 | 1,603 | 1.796875 | 2 |
There's no substitute for quality work, which is why many people have no problem paying top dollar for good carpenters.
Carpenters inspect, repair, install, modify, rebuild, construct, and maintain woodwork and other related structures. Carpenters are exposed to restricted movement, dirty environments, extreme temperatures and intense noise. Lifting and carrying heavy objects is also required. They construct, repairs, restore and install structures such as floors, doors, walls, windows, stairways, furniture, cabinets, shelves, and roofs.
Although a 4-year degree is not required, many experienced carpenters attend a technical school and engage in an apprenticeship at some point. | <urn:uuid:b7df4d1a-345e-44e4-b51e-b5e3102ca7bf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.salary.com/high-growth-jobs-no-degree/slide/6/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00310-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95408 | 140 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Speaking Tips: Public Speaking Getting the Audience's Attention
It takes years, but it really is worth the effort
Tom in action - putting pictures in the minds of his listeners
Public Speaking and the Circle of Self-Interest
Welcome to this segment of Speaking Tips: Public Speaking Getting the Audience's Attention, and, in particular the concept of the Circle of Self Interest. Managing the getting the audience's attention is only part of it, of course. Keeping it right throughout the the presentation is the real challenge.
It is essential, when conducting a presentation of any sort where you are trying to persuade an audience that you are aware of this Circle of Self Interest. But first of all let me explain it by way of analogy.
Let us assume that you are sitting at home about to open and read your sunday newspaper. You're comfortably ensconced in your favourite chair enjoying the sunshine on your balcony. Around you birds call songfully in the trees, bees hum in a nearby flowering bush and from afar off there comes the strains of some very gentle nature music. You're lying relaxed and feeling at peace. No work today.
Then you open the newspaper and start to read...
The writer presenting an story to an audience in Hong Kong in 2015
Getting the audience's attention when it's out beyond the outer circle
Your eyes fall upon the words, "Huge explosion in outer space," followed by some astromonical data that a distant sun blew up a hundred light years ago. You take this in- and then dismiss it. It is of no consequence. That there might have been a dozen earth-type sattelites circulating the sun and a trillion sentient being might have died, doesn't even cross you mind. This piece of news was way out beyond the circle of you self interest.
Next, your read that there has been a huge earthquake in South America. It just so happens that that part of South America is thousands of miles away from where you live, and you know no one in that continent anyway. You are vaguely stirred. "Terrible tragedy" and such words cross your mind, "fourteen hundred lives lost, hundreds of thousands homeless." Still, you're not that concerned. This piece of news was right out on the periphery of your circle of self interest.
A fairly recent photo of a Master Storyteller in action
A slightly tighter circle
But what really catches your eye is the news of a bushfire raging in the very state you live. Why, it's only a couple of hundred miles away. You start to read. Still, you are not that concerned. You feel sorry for the people. No doubt a state of emergency will be declared and the public will be asked to donate to various assisting charities. Yes, you'll send a cheque for a few dollars to help out. After all they are my people.
In the above instance the Circle of Self interest is still way out there. It doesn't involve you personally.
Then you hear a knock on the door. You get up and go around the side of the house to answer it. It's Fred, the neigbour next door.
"Jack. I just saw a fellow running out of your open garage. I think he might have stolen something."
Suddenly you are very interested. You could say that you'r rivvetted by this news.
Speaking tips: In getting the audience's attention, the circle of self interest is now very tight
Because the circle of self interest is now very tight indeed. This is your garage! You might have had something stolen - you!
Can you see what is being got at here? A trillion life forms light years away means nothing. Even 1400 killed, thousands injured and a hundred thousand homeless has less interest to you than the mere possibility that you might have lost something, had something stolen.
So what does this mean in presenting a persuasive speech?
I think it is pretty obvious. When you want to interest an audience, particularly if you want them to take some sort of action: appeal to their self-interest. Go to the very heart of their circle of self interest. Don't muck around in the outer circles. Go to the centre. Talk about their life, their family, their possessions, their future.
If your talking statistics, mention them in such a way that they indentify with those statistics. If you're talking about relationships, use relationships they can identify with. Get into their hearts as well as their minds. Affect their emotions! Get them identifying with self- their self -or at least their ego self
Do this, and you'll have them coming from the very centre of their circle of self interest. And if you can get them doing this, you'll have their attention all right - they'll be rivvetted!
So, to reiterate: In getting the audience's attention and keeping it, bear in mind always, the Circle of Self Interest and keep your own presentation aimed at their centre. | <urn:uuid:1c6a824d-8b6f-4ff8-bc6f-872a8984d3e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hubpages.com/business/Public-Speaking-The-Circle-of-Self-Interest | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.970606 | 1,037 | 2.40625 | 2 |
TPB Vice Chairman Bridget Newton signs the 2016 Car Free Day proclamation at the July 20 TPB meeting. (TPB)
At its meeting on July 20, the TPB took action on three items, including approval of an update to the regional Freight Plan and a proclamation of this year’s Car Free Day event. The main focus of the meeting was a monthly update on Metro’s intensive, yearlong SafeTrack maintenance program. The update summarized lessons learned so far by area jurisdictions and transportation agencies during the first few SafeTrack work surges.
Actions taken by the TPB at its July 20 meeting
- Approved a major update to the regional Freight Plan. The plan highlights the role of freight in the region and outlines policies and projects to improve the flow of goods in the future. The draft plan was available for public comment through July 9. Check out the executive summary of the Freight Plan.
- Proclaimed Sept. 22 as Car Free Day. The annual event, organized by the TPB’s Commuter Connections program, encourages people to take transit, bicycle, or walk instead of driving, or to go “car-lite” by carpooling or vanpooling. This year, Commuter Connections aims to get at least 10,000 people to take the car-free pledge. Read the TPB’s official Car Free Day proclamation.
- Approved funding for bicycle and pedestrian projects in Maryland. The board approved 5 bicycle and pedestrian projects in Maryland to receive $1.1 million in funding under the federal program previously known as Transportation Alternatives. The projects advance regional priorities like expanding travel options, connecting and strengthening Activity Centers, and serving disadvantaged groups. Learn more about the selected projects.
SafeTrack update: Local mitigation strategies and “lessons learned”
A total of 15 jurisdictions and transportation agencies provided updates on mitigation strategies they’ve undertaken and the lessons they’ve learned during the first four SafeTrack surges. Many highlighted the importance of communicating with travelers and getting the word out about disruptions and available alternatives. Several also stressed the importance of coordinating with neighboring jurisdictions and providing good alternatives like enhanced local and express bus services.
Metro’s Jim Hamre reported on Metro’s use of shuttle buses and supplemental bus service to handle some of the riders displaced by the SafeTrack shutdowns and single-tracking. He said that Metro has recorded at least 1.5 million additional trips by bus during the first four surges, and that the greatest shuttle ridership—about 24,000 riders a day—happened during the closure of the Blue and Yellow lines just north of Reagan National Airport during Surges 3 and 4.
When asked about shifts in other travel modes, Hamre said that in a rider survey following Surge 1, 30-40% of respondents reported making travel adjustments using a broad mix of alternatives, including teleworking and even scheduling their vacation to occur during the surges. TPB transportation engineer Eric Randall also said that staff are already working to collect more detailed information on how travelers have adapted to the surges and altered their travel behavior.
MORE: See the detailed updates from all 13 jurisdictions and agencies
MORE: See all of the data from Hamre’s presentation on Metrobus activities during SafeTrack
Board member Phil Mendelson (District of Columbia) said he hoped that Metro would resume providing detailed information about the work taking place during SafeTrack, like it had done during Surge 1 when it produced a video. He said he thought that was a great way for Metro to show its riders and the public the improvements it is making to safety and service reliability.
Metro’s Regina Sullivan said that the agency’s media team plans to continue developing videos and working with reporters to get the word out about the work being done. She also reminded board members that detailed progress reports from the first three surges are available to the public on Metro’s website.
Plans to upgrade the TPB’s travel demand model
TPB travel forecasters Ron Milone and Mark Moran updated the board on efforts underway to upgrade the models the TPB uses to forecast future travel patterns in the region. Moran explained that the biggest change, which is still a few years away, is a transition to an “activity-based model.”
“The model we currently use focuses on aggregate flows of travelers, while the newer paradigm of activity-based models is really looking at individual traveler behavior and household behavior and how they make trips and how those trips are chained together,” Moran explained. “It’s more disaggregate and more detailed, so we will have the ability to look at finer-grained analyses, including looking at the travel patterns of certain population sub-groups,” he said.
Moran also noted that 70% of peer metropolitan planning organizations are using or developing such models. “This is becoming state of the practice, so we really should be there.”
MORE: Moran’s full presentation outlining the planned model upgrades
Board member Marc Elrich (Montgomery Co) noted his dissatisfaction with how local jurisdictions model traffic impacts of individual projects and asked whether the TPB’s planned upgrades might help jurisdictions in such efforts. Moran stressed that the TPB’s models look at longer-range travel patterns at a regional scale and are not designed to assess shorter-term operational impacts of individual projects. He noted earlier in his presentation that the planned switch to an activity-based model would provide greater detail about trips but at a regional level, not a local one.
Other items of note:
- Citizens Advisory Committee (CAC) Chairman Douglas Stewart reiterated the CAC’s strong interest in members of the public being involved in the TPB’s efforts to develop an unconstrained regional long-range plan. Listen to Stewart’s report.
- The Metropolitan Area Transportation Operations Coordination (MATOC) program dedicated a plaque to honor long-time TPB staff director Ron Kirby. The plaque will hang in the MATOC operations center in College Park. Read the text of the plaque and see a photo from the dedication ceremony.
- Several area employers received recognition from the TPB’s Commuter Connections program for their efforts to promote ridesharing, teleworking, and other commute alternatives. See the list of award recipients.
- The Memorial Bridge reconstruction and I-95 Atlantic Gateway projects received funding under USDOT’s new FASTLANE program. Learn more about the projects.
MORE: All meeting materials and recorded audio from the July 20 TPB meeting
PROGRAMMING NOTE: The TPB will not meet in August. The next meeting is scheduled for Wednesday, September 21. | <urn:uuid:d6ac6019-c5c1-497c-97c1-747309ce2de6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.mwcog.org/about-us/newsroom/2016/07/26/icymi-july-20-tpb-meeting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00121-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95098 | 1,391 | 1.515625 | 2 |
South Africa: Gold Fields to Provide AIDS Drugs to Workers
April 3, 2003
On April 1, Gold Fields announced it will join the ranks of South African mining giants Anglo American and De Beers by providing antiretroviral drugs to its HIV-infected workers. Gold Fields, the nation's second-largest gold producer, previously provided the drugs on a limited basis that matched government policy: They were offered to pregnant women, sexual assault victims, and employees exposed occupationally. Company spokesperson Willie Jacobsz said an estimated 30 percent of Gold Fields' 48,000 employees are HIV-infected. Prevalence among the company's workers is expected to peak at 34 percent in two years' time. Jacobsz said about 1,000 workers are at the stage of illness that would qualify them for antiretroviral treatment. The program is expected to cost Rand 1,200-1,500 (US$152-190) per worker per month.Adapted from:
04.02.03; Business Day (Johannesburg)
This article was provided by CDC National Prevention Information Network. It is a part of the publication CDC HIV/Hepatitis/STD/TB Prevention News Update. | <urn:uuid:c0cd11c4-348d-4b8d-93b6-e1e9e46c0a17> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thebody.com/content/art29647.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00233-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946813 | 249 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Thus, all the characters on the stage are figuratively cuckolds, knowingly or unknowingly.
This focus on the audience brings me back to my overarching concern about the dance of the cuckolds and the audience.
Through it, the audience discover that they have been the cuckolds of the play, thinking themselves Horners when they are in fact Pinchwifes, and that this cuckolding is not only in the theater but outside it as well.
Pinchwife's claim of "knowingness" reveals his suspicion that all married men threaten to become cuckolds.
At the end of The London Cuckolds, the cuckolds resign themselves to having been bested, although they avoid the more serious consequence by, it seems, agreeing to forget what they have figured out about their wives.
Legend has it that King Charles joined the dance of the cuckolds at the end of the play.
These days we turn out cuckolds
by the score - one man in two is married to a whore," he confides.
More prebcisely, he makes the following point: in the vernacular "koekoek" (cuculus) is used to denote cuckolds, whereas in ancient Latin "curruca" is so used; in ancient Latin "cuculus" referred to adulterers: "Nostra tempestate cuculos vocat vulgus quorum vxores alii possident, verum Iuuenalis eiusmodi maritum currucam vocat .
Students of the Dutch language may find it interesting that whereas Renaissance authors such as Constantijn Huygens use "koeckoeck" alternately in the sense of cuckold and adulterer, Erasmus was evidently unfamiliar with the latter use in his mother tongue.
32): "Men Spot metten cochuyt ende cucurra" ("One mocks the cuckold and the |cucurra'"). | <urn:uuid:dc2bf4dd-a2ea-4758-82ff-cce141f66358> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.freethesaurus.com/cuckolds | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00020-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947945 | 418 | 2.234375 | 2 |
code of conduct
The school is a place to learn and grow. To make it run smoothly the following code of conduct is required:
Punctuality: Reporting for the assembly at 07:30 hours is a must. No student must be late for a class. Promptness in completing and submitting given task and projects is necessary.
Regularity: One day / period missed at school is like a broken link in a chain. Study regularly. Developing habit of reading what has been taught in class on a daily basis.
Discipline: Discipline is key to achieve success in life. Students must show restraint in their behaviour. Talking loudly in corridors, class rooms, assembly, grounds or other places in the school is not permitted. Silence must be maintained when the assembly is in progress. Please queue up while moving from one class to another or when waiting for your turn for anything. Record of discipline is maintained in the School Almanac & anecdote records by class and subject teacher. School has provision of issuing Yellow and Red Card for disciplinary action
Cleanliness & Hygiene: Do not litter the school. Use the dustbin. Defacing walls or graffiti is ugly. Do not scribble on desks, walls or doors. Maintain your report card, notebooks, files and other material neatly. Keep yourself clean. Nails and hair must be clean and tidy. Wear a clean and well ironed uniform. Polish your shoes. Neatness is the hall-mark of a successful individual.
Courtesy: The language of a student must reflect refinement. Use of polite expressions is recommended on every occasion. Learn to use ‘Excuse me’, ‘Please’, ‘Thank You’, ‘Sorry’, ‘Could I…’ liberally.
Follow these etiquettes:
- Greeting young and old alike with a warm ”Good Morning”, “How are you?”
- Acknowledge the presence of a student or teacher even if you do not know him or her. Greet those who clean your classroom, mend your furniture, ring the bell, bring you in the bus etc. Say Thank you and Sorry whenever necessary
Integrity: Honesty in all dealings is to be followed. Be true to your friends, teachers and yourself.
Generosity: Be generous in helping others. Be a buddy to a classmate who needs academic support.
Quality: Please do not neglect the little things. Never skimp on extra effort. Giving the best should be your trademark.
Initiative: Be Pro-Active. Accept responsibilities happily.
Awareness: Stand for causes such as reduction of emissions and conservation of resources. Go green by carrying cloth bags. Restrict the use of plastics. | <urn:uuid:1393bb77-9de4-4335-88dd-aaa4fedf3fd3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thekeystoneankuram.com/code-of-conduct/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.922484 | 564 | 2.703125 | 3 |
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