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Item description for The Cost of Certainty: How Religious Conviction Betrays the Human Psyche by Jeremy Young...
Overview The Cost of Certainty explores a fundamental ambiguity in mainstream Christian teaching: although the church claims that God's love is unconditional, he only accepts those who believe in Jesus Christ and have repented of their sins. This gospel of conditional love breeds anxiety and polarization. Young shows how this demeans the true message of the gospels. He argues for the recovery of a spirituality of uncertainty and unconditional love as a basis for a renewal of contemporary Christian faith and practice.
Publishers Description The Cost of Certainty explores a fundamental ambiguity in mainstream Christian teaching: although the church claims that God s love is unconditional, he only accepts those who believe in Jesus Christ and have repented of their sins. This gospel of conditional love breeds anxiety and polarization. Young shows how this demeans the true message of the gospels. He argues for the recovery of a spirituality of uncertainty and unconditional love as a basis for a renewal of contemporary Christian faith and practice."
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Studio: Cowley Publications
Est. Packaging Dimensions: Length: 8.6" Width: 5.34" Height: 0.49" Weight: 0.62 lbs.
Release Date Jan 25, 2006
Publisher Cowley Publications
ISBN 1561012327 ISBN13 9781561012329
Availability 1 units. Availability accurate as of Oct 27, 2016 12:48.
Usually ships within one to two business days from La Vergne, TN.
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More About Jeremy Young
Jeremy Young has served as a parish priest and theological educator. He now works as a family therapist.
Reviews - What do customers think about The Cost of Certainty?
Faith as tension Mar 30, 2008
The poet John Keats famously suggested that artistic genius is founded on the ability to hold two conflicting ideas simultaneously without striving for one to best the other. Creative insight, in other words, is nurtured by the essential ambiguity of existence. When we struggle to eliminate ambiguity by imposing artificial certainty, we fall into the unimaginative status quo. Nature may abhor a vacuum, but imagination abhors plenitude.
Although he doesn't appeal to Keats, Jeremy Young's reflection on the high cost of certainty in Christian belief reflects a Keatsian spirit. Young, once a priest and now a therapist, worries about the costly pricetag that mainstream Christianity too often carries. Although the Church talks about God's unconditional love, Young believes that in practice the Church holds out "conditional love" to its members: God loves humans only under certain conditions, and those conditions are so strenuous that few of us can live up to them. Consequently, Christians too often practice what William James called a "melancholy" religion characterized by interior feelings of guilt, inferiority, and shame, and exterior hypocrisy. Moreover, continues Young, the Church as an institution waves the banner of conditional love as a justification of exclusivism. So the cost of religious "certainty"--that is, the assurance that my religion is the one and only true religion, and that anyone who fails to conform to its standards is fallen--is the individual's psychological and spiritual well-being, and the institution's integrity. Ironically, what we hope will protect us and make us special only stunts us.
Young sympathizes with the psychological need for individuals to belong to a greater community which provides a source of identity (Chapter 3), but he also recognizes that our mania to belong typically means that we "other" anyone who doesn't belong to the community and excommunicate anyone who falls out of strict conformity. As an antidote to this dualism, Young proposes a new vision of Christian faith and community which is less certain but better able to hold in creative tension ambiguity in faith and diversity in belief. This creative tension is the place where genuine encounters with God occur.
Young's thesis is one that ought to be taken seriously. I think that his case could've been strengthened had he explored a bit more the dynamics of uncertainty--what Dorothy Day frequently called "precarity"--and if he'd made sharper distinctions between the Calvinist-inspired exclusivism that promotes conditional love and efforts to break out from it (the names of Karl Rahner, Henri Nouwen, and Richard Rohr come immediately to mind) by many contemporary theologians. But his larger point, that certainty isn't the catalyst for emotional health or spiritual well-being that many think it is, is well-taken. It would be grand were this book to become required seminary reading. Given the insistence upon certainty in clerical training, however, such a possibility is, alas, unlikely. | <urn:uuid:d496be4c-8e17-47d5-a54b-8ca65eeed766> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.promiseangels.com/jeremy-young/the-cost-of-certainty/SKU/121342 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721355.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00013-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939151 | 1,027 | 1.6875 | 2 |
By Francis X. Rocca, Religion News Service
VATICAN CITY Roman Catholic missionaries should aim to win souls and not restrict themselves to humanitarian good works, the Vatican said Friday.
A new 19-page document, which was personally approved by Pope Benedict XVI,draws on a controversial Vatican declaration he issued in 2000 that asserted Catholics alone have "the fullness of the means of salvation."
The new document, issued by the same doctrinal office where Benedict was the longtime head, aims to correct a "growing confusion" among theologians who argue that "it is enough (for missionaries) to build communities which strive for justice, freedom, peace and solidarity."
It also seeks to debunk the notion that it is "possible to be saved without explicit knowledge of Christ and without formal incorporation in the Church."
Citing words of the late Pope John Paul II, the document affirms that "every person has the right to hear the 'Good News' of the God who reveals and gives himself in Christ," and said "this right implies the corresponding duty to evangelize."
The document comes as the Catholic Church finds increased competition from Pentecostals and evangelicals, particularly in Third World countries, and charges of improper "sheep stealing" from Orthodox churches, especially in Russia.
The statement is a follow-up to Dominus Iesus, the 2000 document produced when Benedict was still known as Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, which said non-Christians are in a "gravely deficient situation" on the question of salvation.
"Notwithstanding Dominus Iesus, there has a been a cooling of missionary spirit in recent years," said Archbishop Angelo Amato, undersecretary of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, the Vatican's top doctrinal office.
The doctrinal office, which Ratinger headed up to his 2005 papal election, is now headed by Cardinal William Levada, the former archbishop of San Francisco.
Amato specifically cited the work of three Jesuit theologians — Jacques Dupuis, Roger Haight and Jon Sobrino — who have been criticized by the Congregation in recent years. He suggested their work had undermined missionary spirit by casting doubt on the uniqueness of Christ as the universal savior of mankind.
"The fundamental problem is a pluralistic theology of religion, which essentially states that all religions are equally valid in leading a person to salvation," the Rev. Agostino di Noia, an American who serves as undersecretary of the Congregation, told Vatican Radio on Friday. "Now let's say the missionary implications are being addressed in this document."
Earlier this week, acting at the behest of the Congregation, U.S. bishops also rebuked the Rev. Peter C. Phan, a Vietnamese-American theologian teaching at Georgetown University, for writings that they say conflict with church doctrine on the uniqueness of Christianity and Catholicism.
Friday's statement rejects conversion by force or by means "which do not safeguard the freedom and dignity of the human person."
It also stresses that evangelization among non-Catholic Christians should be undertaken with "true respect" for their traditions and in a "sincere spirit of cooperation."
Orthodox leaders, particularly in Russia and other former Soviet countries,have accused Rome of seeking to convert Orthodox Christians, a charge that the Vatican has denied.
Yet Friday's document asserts that the "work of ecumenism does not remove the right or take away the responsibility of proclaiming in fullness the Catholic faith to other Christians, who freely wish to receive it."
One Jesuit theologian who is active in ecumenical relations said Friday that there is no necessary conflict between evangelization and interreligious dialogue.
"We as Catholics need to be clear about our own self-identity if we are going to be capable of being effective dialogue partners," said the Rev. Keith F. Pecklers, an American who teaches at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome.
"But there's a delicate balance," Pecklers said, "between bringing others to Christ and respecting the different religious traditions where they exist."
Guidelines: You share in the USA TODAY community, so please keep your comments smart and civil. Don't attack other readers personally, and keep your language decent. Use the "Report Abuse" button to make a difference. Read more. | <urn:uuid:a6bd2258-4962-415a-b157-9931caeca3ab> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-12-15-catholic-missionaries_N.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721558.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00045-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956356 | 887 | 1.726563 | 2 |
House Majority Leader Eric Cantor (R-Va.) aimed to repackage conservative principles through a familial lens in a domestic policy speech Tuesday, hoping to market GOP ideas to the average American parents who want a better future for their children — including children of illegal immigrants.
“The average American is not thinking about and trying to wonder about where the Republican Party is – they’re thinking about how to make their life work… The point of my talk today is to say that we Republicans in the House are dedicated to those ends,” Cantor said during the question portion at the American Enterprise Institute in Washington.
Story Continued Below
On immigration, he praised Sen. Marco Rubio (R-Fla.) and other Republican senators for their working on bipartisan immigration proposal.
Cantor, the son of Russian immigrants, also signaled that he was open to crafting policy for children of illegal immigrants who were not born in this country but were brought here by their parents illegally.
“People across the globe want to become part of country, and we must never diminish that desire — or worse, become a place that is no longer desirable,” Cantor said in his speech dubbed “Making Life Work” to a packed room of about 250 people. “It’s no secret that there are more than 11 million people here illegally, many of whom have become part of the fabric of our country. They, like us, have families and dreams.”
He continued: “One of the great founding principles of our country was that children would not be punished for the mistakes of their parents. And it is time to provide an opportunity for legal residence and citizenship for those who are brought to this country as children and who know no other home.”
He said he was pleased that the immigration debate has included border security, a potential contentious point between GOPers and Democrats. President Barack Obama’s immigration proposal did not link a pathway to citizenship to border security improvements, while the bipartisan Senate proposal did. | <urn:uuid:3326c2ad-b793-4b18-8913-b21c52998e05> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.politico.com/story/2013/02/cantor-pitches-gop-to-busy-families-087209 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00154-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981424 | 411 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Student or Learner
After I have marked the dictation exercise books, I should ask my pupils to:
Are these sentences all correct? I 've checked the Longman dictioinary,correction can be both countable and uncountable. Shall I write down "correction" or "corrections" on the top of the exercise books?
To my knowledge, teachers would "red" mark the wrong words/parts/portions/etc and write at the top of the page: "Do/make the corrections" or simply " for correction". | <urn:uuid:e28f70c7-29c7-4bb6-bfc8-653b44b84d17> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.usingenglish.com/forum/threads/15218-correction-or-corrections | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00475-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.88161 | 116 | 2.5 | 2 |
Among the long list of things, you need to check before driving your car on the road, one of the most important things is whether you have car insurance or not. After you have checked that, you can pay attention to the type of coverage you want.While third-party insurance is a standard and mandatory policy by law, you can upgrade to other kinds of policies as well.
Any car ownerwould naturally want to avoid accidents and other mishaps. However, it is not always possible to predict and prevent such incidents. Moreover, these incidents bring a heavy financial burden with them. In the form of damages to your car and third-party liabilities. A third-party car insurance policy only deals with one of those.In such a situation, you would have to cover repair or replacement expenses for damages on your own in the case of an accident. Instead, you can supplement your vehicle coverage with other kinds of policies like own damage (OD) or buy a comprehensive insurance policy.
To make the right choice between the two, you need to understand what the difference between comprehensive and own damage insurance is. To do that, you need to look into the own damage insurance meaning and its importance in your vehicle insurance. *
Own damage insurance
An own damage car insurance policy is an insurance product that focuses more on coverage for your car against damages, theft, etc. This type of insurance plan is an ideal purchase if you have already purchased third-party insurance for your car. *
Since third-party insurance covers only third-party injuries, death or property damages, you should buy OD cover for your car. An own damage policy becomes active if your car sustains damage as a result of an accident, natural disaster, etc. The coverage extends to other situations such as total loss of the car andcar theft of the insured car as well. However, this type of policy does not offer third-party policy. *
Buying comprehensive car insurance means that you have access to the features of both third-party and own damages policies. So, you do not need to worry about covering liabilities, damage/ theft expenses, and other responsibilities individually. Purchasing a single comprehensive policy offers a solution for all your coverage needs. *
What makes them different?
The main point of difference between own damage policies and comprehensive insurance policies is the set of coverage benefits they offer. An own damage policy provides insurance coverage the insured vehicle against any accidental damages, loss, theft, and much more that the vehicle may incur. However, it does not offer coverage for third-party liabilities. *
A comprehensive plan combines the coverage of own damage policies and third-party policies. Hence, it offers you financial and legal support towards third-party liabilities. At the same time, it covers your vehicle against the repair cost of damages, and other instances like theft. For this reason, comprehensive policies are more expensive than other types of car insurance. Hence, it is smart to use a car insurance calculator to make sure comprehensive coverage falls within your budget. *
* Standard T&C Apply
Advantages of comprehensive coverage
- Financial safety against third-party liabilities
Most car owners buy insurance only to comply with the directive of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. As per this directive, third-party car insurance is mandatory by law to cover the losses of a third-party injury/death or property damage that may be caused by your vehicle. *
The advantage of comprehensive insurance is that it offers the coverage of both own damage and third-party liability policies. Thus, you can have the own damage coverage while being able to legally drive your vehicle in India and have financial safety against potential third-party incidents on the road. *
- Coverage against damages/loss of your car
As you may know, a third-party policy by itself alone doesn’t protect your car against accidental damages. In such situations, a comprehensive policy can come to your rescue. However, there may be many situations out of your control where your car may get damaged beyond repair or lost. A comprehensive policy can prove to be up to the challenge during a whole host of unforeseen situations. *
The policy gets the name ‘comprehensive’ due to the holistic approach it offers towards car insurance coverage. However, every policy has its sets of inclusions and exclusions. Apart from those, there are pieces of coverage that you can choose to include in your coverage later. These are known as add-ons and charge extra premium for specific situational coverage that is not included in the basic policy. These add-ons can be purchased when you make your car insurance renewal online.
Standard T&C Apply
Insurance is the subject matter of solicitation. For more details on benefits, exclusions, limitations, terms and conditions, please read sales brochure/policy wording carefully before concluding a sale. | <urn:uuid:5fa4c0cc-6520-424c-a88e-d23663b7056b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.directfinancekey.com/insurance/difference-between-comprehensive-and-own-damage-od-car-insurance.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.968132 | 995 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Where do you begin to start a blog
To start a blog, first you have to desire to begin a blog, it could be for a hobby, for family or business. Next you have to workout what you want to include in your blog. When you have a topic to create a blog about. You’ll need to get a website to host your blog.
There are several types of platforms you can use for your blog.
Free websites or hosted websites
These are great to start a blog for those who wish to create a family or hobby blog. However if you intend to monetize your blog, you’ll want a hosted website. Free websites are inexpensive but usually have certain limitations, such as no advertising allowed. Long website names with the hosting company’s name in it and you have little control over your site. Some free blogging sites are Blogger, WordPress.com, Wix etc.
Self hosted websites
Are websites that you own, with your unique web name. You have a lot more control of and can monetize if you wish. There are many hosting companies. I use SiteGround as it is easy to use and has great rates. You can usually get a free domain name with the hosting company. You can use a domain register to buy your website name. I use Namesilo, as it is inexpensive and includes features you have to normally pay for with other domain registers. Many self hosts offer WordPress.org installs to enable easy web site building. These are best to start a blog with.
Once you you have your website and designed it using WordPress, your ready to start blogging. To monetize your blog you can either produce a digital product and sell it. Join an affiliate program and sell other peoples products, which seems to be the simplest method of earning an income online. Don’t expect mega bucks to begin with, it’s not a get rich quick method, it develops with your blog and the people you engage with.
To engage with your audience, you will need to deliver relevant and valuable content in your blog. The content you share needs to be delivered consistently and be of value, helping people answer their questions or issues. To develop content that your audience will value, you will either have the knowledge or research the topics you blog about. | <urn:uuid:a3ad4b04-56c6-4f73-b0e2-57f21d139b48> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lotaincome.com/start-a-blog/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.951553 | 470 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Have you been toying around with the idea of registering a domain name so that you can finally get started on that website of yours where you share wonderful stories and pictures of puppies? If you answered yes to that question but just haven't been able to get around to registering your domain name you might want to read our website first before you go out and get your domain name picked out.
Domains, commonly referred to as domain names, are, basically, ways to identify either an Internet Protocol (IP), a personal computer accessing the internet, a server hosting a web site, or a website itself. Most people use the term domain name when identifying the latter and top-level domains like .org, .net, and .com.
The first thing anybody does once they know they want to create a website is choose their domain name. The most common type of domain websites is a .com domain.You will want to come up with a creative domain name related to the theme and content of your site. One simple choice is to use YourCompanyName.com - an ideal selection if your brand is well recognized, like Sears.com or Amazon. If, on the other hand, your site will focus on a particular product or service, but you're not necessarily the number one player in the market, you may be fortunate enough to register a domain name that perfectly describes what your company does, like JustWhiteShirts.com, Abbaparts.com or CatToys.com
You will also want to come up with around 3 to 5 alternate domain names just in case you come to find that your original choice has already been registered and you can't use it. There are millions of websites in the world, and even though you can use any domain name you want, your top choice could very well already be taken.
Once you have your list of domain names for your website you'll want to log onto a domain name registration website such as Go Daddy (GoDaddy.com). Once there you can look at the prices and options of what it will cost to register your domain name, as well as searching to see if your domain name already exists or if you're free to take it. Once you do all that you can choose your domain name registration package and, voila, your domain name has been registered!
It really is as simple as that. Just remember that if you only choose a one year domain name registration package that you will have to renew your domain name ever year or risk losing it, which could lead to someone else buying up your domain name. If you don't want that to happen and want your website to be yours forever, then keep tabs of your domain renewal date. You will get a reminder message when it's time to renew, but they so often get missed, it's best to be responsible and keep track yourself.
Now that you've read our little Domains 101 article about what domains are, how to register for one and what domains you can use, it's about time you finally get started on creating a website, whether it's for yourself, your business or a friend of yours! | <urn:uuid:f3709394-2af3-4f80-8753-8781f0e53db7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.volkaniq.ca/Domains_101.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.951365 | 638 | 2 | 2 |
It’s a woman’s world, Rachel Goodchild writes, and they now have all the privilege.
I was raised a feminist. My mother was a feminist, and my father was too. When I was a girl, feminism was a noble pursuit- a drive to gain the equality (though now I prefer the word equity), that our mothers and grandmothers had not experienced. And it was needed. I do not doubt it, nor take for granted the ground that they took. We have perhaps forgotten how hard it was for women to do what they wanted in terms of partner choice, the choice to have children, attending school and universities, then work in a career of their choosing.
And yes, I know that battle has not been won everywhere. There are countries or cultures where horrendous things happen to you if you are female. But in my country and in my culture, and in many other western countries, I would suggest the tide has well and truly turned.
I have occasionally felt the sting of NOT being male – the invitation to join the “real men” at work when offered a leadership position, the fact that there was the assumption by the outside world, when my marriage broke up that it would be me that would care for my children, though I had also been the income earner (not that I opposed that I would, though the easy assumption did rankle), that I have struggled with that curious mix of needing pretty finery and makeup and eradication of hair in socially unacceptable places (except of course on my head!) to appear more professional, and so on, but I am very aware that I no longer live in a man’s world. This world is a woman’s world. And us females are now the humans holding the privilege.
I try not to use it. But I know it’s there. I am all too aware the pendulum of power has swung, and being aware of that knowledge itself is enough. However I see women around me use our shared privilege all the time, and it does sicken me.
If I were to use it, what would that look like? Well, let’s look at how the tides have turned.
1. I’m allowed to be far more open about my sexuality than a man is. In fact, if I’m bisexual, it’s encouraged (both male and females encourage it funnily enough). If I’m hetero, I’m allowed to make comments about how hot men are, compliment men without others thinking it’s harassment and generally can make lewd comments about any person, be them male or female, and it’s considered ok. I can say “I fancy him so much I’d even rape him” or “I need to pull him into the storeroom and show him I mean it” or “He is mega hot” about any male whether he is seventeen (I am forty) or seventy. I can sit in a Twilight movie and drool at Jacob (for instance), and not be seen as a dirty old woman.
2. If my partner and I were in a domestic dispute and both violent, or both shouting, and I hit him … if the police were called, my male partner would still be the one far more likely to be taken into custody for the night. If my male partner tried to report domestic violence, it would be harder for him to have the charges laid, than if I did so. In fact, while there is a charge of Male assaults Woman in my country, there is no Woman assaults Male. That would be classified instead as General Assault.
3. If my relationship with the father of my children was to break up, I’m far more likely to get the kids. And if I want a child, but don’t have a partner, I can do that too. I get to choose whether I have the baby or not, I get to choose whether the father’s name is on the birth certificate or not (and if he queries it, he’s the one who has to pay for the DNA test) and if he’s named as the father, he then has to pay child support, whether he was aware I was trying to have a child or not.
4. I’m allowed to be as education- and career-driven as I want to be, and push for the top, seeking equity and equality in everything. But when it comes to dating and relationships, I’ll want the dates paid for, the doors opened, the bling bought. And if I want to choose to not be career-driven, and be instead at home, and not work, then I can far more readily choose that option too than a male partner could.
5. If I write an inflammatory comment, or a blog, or article, and a man questions anything in it, all I need to do to shut the conversation down is call him a bully, or say he’s a privileged male. I can also make disparaging comments about his sexuality, his economic standing, the size of his penis, and his ability to do pretty much anything in return for him disagreeing with me. I can do this, because when I do, I KNOW there will be a bunch of other women who will stick up for me. Because as a woman … I now have privilege. | <urn:uuid:a536ac3d-4f2f-407d-accc-235e6f6422be> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://goodmenproject.com/men-and-feminism/i-have-female-privilege/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00126-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981063 | 1,123 | 1.734375 | 2 |
The airframe of an aircraft is its mechanical structure. It is typically considered to include fuselage, wings and undercarriage and exclude the propulsion system. Airframe design is a field of aerospace engineering that combines aerodynamics, materials technology and manufacturing methods to achieve balances of performance, reliability and cost.
First World War
Many early developments were spurred by military needs during World War I. Well known aircraft from that era include the Dutch designer Anthony Fokker's combat aircraft for the German Empire's Luftstreitkräfte, and U.S. Curtiss flying boats and the German/Austrian Taube monoplanes. These used hybrid wood and metal structures.
In 1916 the German Albatros D.III biplane fighters featured semi-monocoque fuselages with load-bearing plywood skin panels glued to longitudinal longerons and bulkheads ; it was replaced by the prevalent stressed skin structural configuration as metal replaced wood.
German engineer Hugo Junkers first flew all-metal airframes in 1915 with the all-metal, cantilever-wing, stressed-skin monoplane Junkers J 1 made of steel. It developed further with lighter weight duralumin in the airframe of the Junkers D.I of 1918, whose techniques were adopted almost unchanged after the war by both American engineer William Bushnell Stout and Soviet aerospace engineer Andrei Tupolev.
Between World wars
The J1 was followed in 1919 by the first all-metal transport aircraft, the Junkers F.13 made of Duralumin: 300 were built; and the first four-engine, all-metal passenger aircraft, the sole Zeppelin-Staaken E-4/20. Commercial aircraft development during the 1920s and 1930s focused on monoplane designs using Radial engines. Some were produced as single copies or in small quantity such as the Spirit of St. Louis flown across the Atlantic by Charles Lindbergh in 1927. William Stout designed the all-metal Ford Trimotors in 1926.
The Hall XFH naval fighter prototype flown in 1929 was the first aircraft with a riveted metal fuselage : an aluminum skin over steel tubing, Hall also pioneered flush rivets and butt joints between skin panels in the Hall PH flying boat also flying in 1929. Based on the Italian Savoia-Marchetti S.56, the 1931 Budd BB-1 Pioneer experimental flying boat was constructed of corrosion-resistant stainless steel assembled with newly developed spot welding by U.S. railcar maker Budd Company.
The original Junkers corrugated duralumin-covered airframe philosophy culminated in the 1932-origin Junkers Ju 52 trimotor airliner, used throughout World War II by the Nazi German Luftwaffe for transport and paratroop needs. Andrei Tupolev's designs in Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union designed a series of all-metal aircraft of steadily increasing size culminating in the largest aircraft of its era, the eight-engined Tupolev ANT-20 in 1934, and Donald Douglas' firm's developed the iconic Douglas DC-3 twin-engined airliner in 1936. They were among the most successful designs to emerge from the era through the use of all-metal airframes.
Second World War
During World War II, military needs again dominated airframe designs. Among the best known were the US C-47 Skytrain, B-17 Flying Fortress, B-25 Mitchell and P-38 Lightning, and British Vickers Wellington that used a geodesic construction method, and Avro Lancaster, all revamps of original designs from the 1930s. The first jets were produced during the war but not made in large quantity.
Due to wartime scarcity of aluminum, the de Havilland Mosquito fighter-bomber was built from wood—plywood facings bonded to a balsawood core and formed using molds to produce monocoque structures, leading to the development of metal-to-metal bonding used later for the de Havilland Comet and Fokker F27 and F28.
Postwar commercial airframe design focused on airliners, on turboprop engines, and then on Jet engines : turbojets and later turbofans. The generally higher speeds and tensile stresses of turboprops and jets were major challenges. Newly developed aluminum alloys with copper, magnesium and zinc were critical to these designs.
Flown in 1952 and designed to cruise at Mach 2 where skin friction required its heat resistance, the Douglas X-3 Stiletto was the first titanium aircraft but it was underpowered and barely supersonic; the Mach 3.2 Lockheed A-12 and SR-71 were also mainly titanium, as was the cancelled Boeing 2707 Mach 2.7 supersonic transport.
Because heat-resistant titanium is hard to weld and difficult to work with, welded nickel steel was used for the Mach 2.8 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 fighter, first flown in 1964; and the Mach 3.1 North American XB-70 Valkyrie used brazed stainless steel honeycomb panels and titanium but was cancelled by the time it flew in 1964.
Computer-aided design system was developed in 1969 for the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle, which first flew in 1974 along the Grumman F-14 Tomcat and both used Boron fiber composites in the tails; less expensive carbon fiber reinforced polymer were used for wing skins on the McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II, F/A-18 Hornet and Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit.
The vertical stabilizer of the Airbus A310-300, first flown in 1985, was the first carbon-fiber primary structure used in a commercial aircraft; composites are increasingly used since in Airbus airliners: the horizontal stabilizer of the A320 in 1987 and A330/A340 in 1994, and the center wing-box and aft fuselage of the A380 in 2005.
The Cirrus SR20, type certificated in 1998, was the first widely produced general aviation aircraft manufactured with all-composite construction, followed by several other light aircraft in the 2000s.
The Boeing 787, first flown in 2009, was the first commercial aircraft with 50% of its structure weight made of carbon-fiber composites, along 20% Aluminum and 15% titanium: the material allows for a lower-drag, higher wing aspect ratio and higher cabin pressurization; the competing Airbus A350, flown in 2013, is 53% carbon-fiber by structure weight. It has a one-piece carbon fiber fuselage, said to replace "1,200 sheets of aluminum and 40,000 rivets."
The 2013 Bombardier CSeries have a dry-fiber resin transfer infusion wing with a lightweight Aluminium-lithium alloy fuselage for damage resistance and repairability, a combination which could be used for future Narrow-body aircraft. In February 2017, Airbus installed a 3D printing machine for titanium aircraft structural parts using electron beam additive manufacturing from Sciaky, Inc..
Airframe production has become an exacting process. Manufacturers operate under strict quality control and government regulations. Departures from established standards become objects of major concern.
A landmark in aeronautical design, the world's first jet airliner, the de Havilland Comet, first flew in 1949. Early models suffered from catastrophic airframe metal fatigue, causing a series of widely publicised accidents. The Royal Aircraft Establishment investigation at Farnborough Airport founded the science of aircraft crash reconstruction. After 3000 pressurisation cycles in a specially constructed pressure chamber, airframe failure was found to be due to stress concentration, a consequence of the square shaped windows. The windows had been engineered to be glued and riveted, but had been punch riveted only. Unlike drill riveting, the imperfect nature of the hole created by punch riveting may cause the start of fatigue cracks around the rivet.
The Lockheed L-188 Electra turboprop, first flown in 1957 became a costly lesson in controlling oscillation and planning around metal fatigue. Its 1959 crash of Braniff Flight 542 showed the difficulties that the airframe industry and its airline customers can experience when adopting new technology.
The incident bears comparison with the Airbus A300 crash on takeoff of the American Airlines Flight 587 in 2001, after its vertical stabilizer broke away from the fuselage, called attention to operation, maintenance and design issues involving composite materials that are used in many recent airframes. The A300 had experienced other structural problems but none of this magnitude.
Notes and references
- Michael C. Y. Niu (1988). Airframe Structural Design. Conmilit Press LTD.
- Graham Warwick (Nov 21, 2016). "Designs That Changed The Way Aircraft Are Built". Aviation Week & Space Technology.
- David A. Weiss (1996). The Saga of the Tin Goose. Cumberland Enterprises.
- Peter M. Bowers (1986). The DC-3: 50 Years of Legendary Flight. Tab Books.
- Charles D. Bright (1978). The Jet Makers: the Aerospace Industry from 1945 to 1972. Regents Press of Kansas.
- Aircraft and Aerospace Applications. Key to Metals Database. INI International. 2005.
- "Top 100 Airplanes:Platinum Edition". Flying. November 11, 2013. p. 11.
- Leslie Wayne (May 7, 2006). "Boeing Bets the House on Its 787 Dreamliner". New York Times.
- Graham Warwick (Jan 11, 2017). "Airbus To 3-D Print Airframe Structures". Aviation Week & Space Technology.
- Florence Graves and Sara K. Goo (Apr 17, 2006). "Boeing Parts and Rules Bent, Whistle-Blowers Say". Washington Post. Retrieved April 23, 2010.
- Todd Curtis (2002). "Investigation of the Crash of American Airlines Flight 587". AirSafe.com.
- James H. Williams, Jr. (2002). "Flight 587". Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
- Sara Kehaulani Goo (Oct 27, 2004). "NTSB Cites Pilot Error in 2001 N.Y. Crash". Washington Post. Retrieved April 23, 2010. | <urn:uuid:bb7c0b39-5854-459b-883b-d662b552f72d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airframe | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00493-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921955 | 2,115 | 3.25 | 3 |
Professor Noam Chomsky revolutionized linguistics in 1957 with his publication of Syntactic Structures, and his Chomsky hierarchy from the previous year remains a foundation stone in computer science for programming languages. But programming languages are a far cry from speaking A.I., and Chomsky’s unprecedented success in that part of linguistics should bear the blame for holding back the advancement in another part of linguistics -- the use of human language for A.I.
Obviously, how we use language to communicate is key, but there are a few flavors of the science of language, or linguistics. Chomsky studied formal linguistics, or "the formal relations between linguistic elements," but another type, functional linguistics, studies "the way language is actually used in communicative context." In other words, amazingly, Chomsky's approach, unlike functional linguistics, is not concerned with actual communications!
Chomsky’s linguistics, without communications, has been responsible for A.I. that doesn’t speak. While it’s not his fault that others used his approach to solve the wrong problems, we now have the opportunity to progress with different science.
Formal linguistics emerges from early computer days
How did we get here? The birth of A.I. was tumultuous. A number of new sciences were coming together, computer science and linguistics in particular, and they were still being developed.
This early work in A.I. was dominated by mathematicians partly due to the archaic stage of digital computers, but while human brains can be good at mathematics, it is just one of the skills they can learn. The problem arises when trying to fit a mathematical model to a non-mathematical brain.
Cognitive science, my discipline, focuses on how our brains work. It combines computer science with philosophy, linguistics, neuroscience, psychology and anthropology. It emerged with the goal of replicating cognition on machines roughly 20 years after A.I. was named at the 1956 Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence.
In the first sixty years since computers exploded into our world, we have seen formal and computational linguistics dominate, despite their scientific conflicts. Early success is good, but hitting the target once isn't the same as hitting a bulls-eye. Also, hitting the bulls-eye once isn’t the same as doing it repeatedly. Science is about ongoing accuracy, hitting the bulls-eye every time.
Clearly, we need a new goal.
Setting the new goal
HAL in 2001: A Space Odyssey and Sonny in i, Robot both use conversational language beyond the capability of today’s artificial, computational languages. Emulating them is a good, revised target because speaking A.I. will be most useful to us if it mimics human communications accurately.
As I wrote recently on this blog, in 1969 John Pierce of Bell Labs advised us to work out the science before pushing ahead with engineering. But probably due to frustration at the lack of progress for over a decade, engineering based on statistics was embraced anyway, before the science was ready.
To meet the increasing demand for speaking A.I., the key is functional linguistics combined with a brain-based platform. Our goal should be to talk like Sonny because, like the evolution of personal computing, once unleashed, progress will be unstoppable.
The right linguistics
Patom theory is my computing approach, in which stored patterns do the work of programmers. But in 2006, as I was adding patterns to the system, the limitations of Chomsky's linguistics hit me.
What's the best way to extract meaning from a matched sentence?
I spent a lot of time researching the answer and decided to create my own model. It was a big decision because it was like starting a whole new scientific investigation. The implementation was difficult, too, because Chomsky's model was a bit like working in an office tower with a broken elevator where each floor possibly held something important. Moving between floors to check was annoying!
And then while browsing in a New Jersey bookshop, I stumbled across the answer. How could I have a degree in cognitive science, but still have missed out on the answers, based on more than 30 years of development, from Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) theory?
RRG deals with functional linguistics and considers language to consist of three pieces – grammar linking to meaning in context. You know, word sequences and meaning in conversation. Communication!
RRG was developed with the inspiration that all human languages are based on common principles and that clauses (parts of sentences) contain meaning. Its success in modeling the range of human languages is impressive. Speaking A.I. can use RRG’s linking algorithm to map word sequences in context to meaning, and vice versa.
It was an eye-opener.
The science speaks for itself in whatever language you read it.
I subsequently met with the primary developer of RRG, Professor Robert D. Van Valin, Jr., who convinced me that I no longer needed to develop a scientific model to link phrases and meaning because RRG already explains how to do it in depth, like a cook book.
It just got better and better. He also pointed out that the same algorithm works for any human language. I was sold, as it not only filled the Chomsky gap, but it meant Patom theory could be used with any language as well. [Disclosure: As our work is synergistic, Van Valin has become one of the advisers to my lab at Thinking Solutions.]
Why isn’t RRG used to speak to machines?
Here we have unfortunate timing. In the 1980s as RRG was being developed, programmer's continued to struggle with Chomsky’s linguistics.
Without waiting for another underlying scientific solution, the industry finally decided to proceed with a method of incremental improvement for computational linguistics, based only on the statistics of sequences of sounds and words.
Despite not meeting expectations, computational linguistics and its fixation on word sequences independent of meaning remains at the core of today's A.I. troubles.
Our next step will build on the new scientific approach using RRG for linguistics and Patom theory for programmer-free computing. It promises progress while the dominant paradigms deliver disappointment. With a plan for the future, speaking A.I. is finally coming of age.
This article is published as part of the IDG Contributor Network. Want to Join? | <urn:uuid:e12743f4-afdb-471d-8d8a-346143f46158> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.computerworld.com/article/2929085/emerging-technology/blame-chomsky-for-non-speaking-ai.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717783.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00076-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956441 | 1,320 | 3.109375 | 3 |
The dramatic shift in employment patterns in the past decade, and particularly in the past five years, has dealt a blow to the American workforce. The development of the Internet,
||particularly high-speed Internet, World Trade Organization treaties, and the explosion of container shipping are only three of the many factors which have resulted in millions of jobs, including highly paid, skilled jobs, being exported to countries from Mexico to India and China. As American workers have seen their jobs disappear to outsourcing, many have responded by going back to college, either for individual professional development courses or for degrees in a new field.|
Even as computer-related positions disappear to foreign programmers and graphic designers, many U.S. workers are finding they can fight back. Programmers, website developers, and graphic artists have discovered that, with up-to-date knowledge of software and hardware and a little business sense, they can contract their skills to a number of companies more than willing to hire a local worker in exchange for the chance to forgo business expenses involved in keeping a worker on the payroll: income and social security taxes, unemployment compensation, holiday and vacation pay, health insurance benefits. This silver lining in the outsourcing cloud has kept computer and business classes filled at community colleges and vocational schools, many of whom are seeing a sharp spike in enrollment among older students in their continuing education programs.
Other workers are changing careers entirely, opting for fields that can't be outsourced. Jobs that require a warm body and a pair of hands onsite, like broadcast communications, nursing, and medical technician positions, make sense to an increasing number of students; and both health-related industries and communications are growing while other industry sectors are shrinking in their need for local employees.
Even workers whose jobs are safe for the moment are exploring continuing education in increasing numbers. Employees who have survived one or more company downsizings, for instance, often find themselves taking on more responsibilities, and need to update their professional skills in order to survive. Others recognize that today's work environment demands much more flexibility, and decide to be proactive in developing skills that may protect their jobs in the future.
Perhaps the only certainty in an uncertain world is that things will continue to change. That includes the demands of the workplace, and employees will have to be able to adapt quickly and skillfully to these changes. It's a good bet that continuing professional education is going to be an ongoing part of American workers' defense in protecting their livelihoods. | <urn:uuid:276c00d5-b950-4bd3-9bf0-c1ce8fce1b69> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.multiculturaladvantage.com/opportunity/scholarships/read/Continuing-Professional-Education-in-Todays-Work-Climate.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00167-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970736 | 500 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Payment report showing sales representative - Functional Specifications
The main objtive of this project is to add another field to the payment report, the field selected is the sales representative assigned to each sales order.
In each sales order or purchase order a sales representative is assigned, this is the person in charge in these kind of orders. This field is not mandatory in the order so sometimes in the payment report this part of the report will appear blank.
- Allow the person how runs the payment report, to know how was the sales representative in each order without visit the order.
Add a new field to a existing report does nor requires and extra desing consideration, the normal way of codification should be follow within this project.
- Sales Representative: The person in charge of carry out an order.
User roles & profiles
The report envolved in this project is under the Financial Management, so a person with a admin role or a finalcial kind role should acces this report. Typically these users do not have a high level of professional education and might not be computer literate anyway this project does nor requires and extra knowledge in computers.
Business process definition
- Generate some sales order with or without the sales representative assigend.
- Go to Financial Management || Receivables & Payables || Analysis Tools || Payment Report || Payment Report and be sure that the filter data you insert will match with the order you've created.
- Run the report and noticed that the sales representative appear.
Michael works as a finalcial manager in "Cars and bikes" company. Michael wants to know the payment movement within the last year in order to know how the crisis is affected the car sales company, also is very interesting to him to know who is the person in charge in each payment in order to how sells or buys more.
Functional requirements based on business processes
To achieve the desired functionalities the following elements needs to be added.
- Add and extra field to the payment report | <urn:uuid:96ef39cb-4b82-451d-913e-56a88a08f06e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://forge.openbravo.com/plugins/mwiki/index.php/Salesrepintopaymentreport/Specifications | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719784.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00426-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919629 | 406 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Lookout Mountain - Archives of The Museum of the San Fernando Valley - 2008 (click on image to enlarge) Photograph was acquired on a visit to the site of the Battle of Lookout Mountain by James E. Moss. The notations in ink are in his handwriting.
75 years ago, an aged Iowa farmer wrote his memories of being wounded in the Battle of Missionary Ridge, Tennessee. 145 years have passed this month since the horrible event that left James E. Moss crippled for the duration of his life.
The battles of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge were part of the 3rd Battle of Chattanooga that took place from November 23 to 25 in 1863. Chattanooga, a major railroad hub was seen as the doorway to the conquest of the Confederacy.
This posting on the blog of The Museum of the San Fernando Valley is dedicated to the men and women of New Direction, an organization that seeks to transform the lives of American veterans whose lives have been shattered as a result of their service to our country. Learn more about New Directions on line at www.ndvets.org
November 25, 1923
“This is the 60th anniversary of the Battle of Missionary Ridge, and as I arose from my bed, thought I ought to write of my personal recollections, as it was the beginning of a new experience, one that was to follow me through life, that of being a cripple the rest of my days. Not being of a down cast or brooding nature, I thought I’d make the best of what was left of me, and today I can find no fault. While I regret I am not as other men in appearance, yet think I have been of some good to my country, and have cause to be thankful for what little ability I have shown through these sixty years I have lived.”
“I was wounded about five o’clock and layed near the top of the ridge and was carried down by four comrades on a stretcher and placed in a log house near the bottom of the ridge, which was full of wounded men - just room for one more. Was very cold, had a fire place and fire. It was hard ride down the hill and steep. Imagine if you can, being carried down a steep hill, holding to stretcher bars to keep from working forward, with about three inches of both bones (of left leg) crushed!
Was left in this house until toward evening of next day, then with a wounded Rebel, was taken to Chattanooga and placed in a Presbyterian Church and laid on the floor until afternoon of the next day - when the leg was taken off just below the knee - 47 hours after being wounded.
There many died during the night. One boy lay close by my side and became crazed with pain and calling to his friends and looking into my face. He fell over on to me and died. I worked him off and we laid there all night. He was carried out - a boy - 16 years old that had been in the service only 2 days. (He) was taken into Chattanooga before I was. I often think about him.”
“There were 2 brothers, one was sick at Stevenson, Tennessee, (the other) was homesick. I tried to cheer him up the first day at the house. He wound was in the knee, and did not seem as bad as mine. When I saw him in the church he was crying. I tried to cheer him up but he did not live through the night.
“I could almost write a book about my experiences of a few days. They come to me so often now.
My bunk mate at the time (when James was shot) was Edwin Zellar and we stood side by side. (note of his daughter Jennie: “probably when in formation or line”) He was wounded 4 times and his right arm was amputated above the elbow. A fine man - older than I, and he made the little stand Sadie has, of many pieces, and with one hand. It is a relic of the Civil War days. Keep it, some of your children may enjoy it.
The morning after the operation, I was laid on the operating table. The would and the leg was so swollen, the stitches had pulled out and had to be closed together with strips of adhesive tape, and hair shaved off. That nearly done me up, it was awful.”
“Then I was put in a ward on the rail road storehouse with two hundred and twenty five (men) and for two days it was just all I could stand; I had been bleeding nearly three days. Captain Lushe Hemenway sent an extra nurse to care for Ed Zellar and I, from our company, S.M. Jay, and I truly believe he saved my life. He used to tell me of it every time I would meet him. He was 45 years of age and a neighbor at home.
We then moved to Nashville, Tennessee as soon as able, to convalescent camp and later, home. And, on this trip, I learned that the best thing was not to depend on others to help you when they had cares of their own. It was “Poor Soldiers” until something happened they were interested in.
I’ll never forget, we changed cars at Indianapolis, Indiana; the station was full of people. Zellar could stand, but I had to sit on my knapsack on the floor and hold my wounded knee or leg in my hands. An incoming train rolled into the depot and they (daughter’s note: the people) ran over to us in all kinds of shape. I finally got mad and they found there was a fellow on the ground floor that was not so dead after all.
Sympathy is easily shown by words, but when it costs some effort to express it, that interferes with ones own interest, it seems not so easy. So, it is best to look out for ones’self.”
Later on I was carried to our train by some comrades and arrived home the next night, a bitter cold night. Found our folks not looking for me, and all abed and house cold. It was some surprise sure. Think of it, sixty years ago and I am here to write it to my children."
This and many other precious accounts of the American Civil War and other stories of military service outside of California are, and will continue to be, in the archives of The Museum of the San Fernando Valley. Civil War veterans, like thousands of their modern counterparts, made their way to California for the climate and social acceptance.
It is our Museum's responsibility, not only to preserve documents like the account of James E. Moss, but to share our discoveries with other organizations working to broaden the understanding of our people and ancestors. | <urn:uuid:a6a7c249-2b8d-4bf8-81fd-bc5cc9599b38> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://museumsanfernandovalley.blogspot.com/2008/11/battle-of-lookout-mountain-in-archives.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00072-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.989704 | 1,409 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Are titanium implants safe?
Last Update: April 20, 2022
This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. Now, we have got the complete detailed explanation and answer for everyone, who is interested!Asked by: Hadley Ryan
Score: 4.1/5 (2 votes)
Titanium's low electrical conductivity makes it one of the most biocompatible materials today. This characteristic allows it to be highly resistant to corrosion. As such, titanium implants shouldn't corrode or rust when placed inside living tissue. This makes them very safe and non-toxic to humans.
What are the side effects of titanium implants?
You may experience pain, numbness, and a tingling feeling in your mouth, from your teeth to your lips, gums and even chin. This could be caused by the damage of your nerves or the surrounding structures of the titanium implant during the surgery.
Can titanium implants make you sick?
Dental implants are generally safe and do not cause illness in most cases. However, titanium implants can make you sick if you are allergic to the metal. Though only 0.6% of the population has a titanium allergy, it can impact your health and wellness, including your dental implant's success.
Is titanium harmful to the human body?
Safe in the body
Titanium is considered the most biocompatible metal – not harmful or toxic to living tissue – due to its resistance to corrosion from bodily fluids. This ability to withstand the harsh bodily environment is a result of the protective oxide film that forms naturally in the presence of oxygen.
How long does titanium implants last?
With a titanium root and a porcelain crown, a dental implant could last for up to 25 years.
What is the Truth about Titanium Dental Implant Problems? | Dr. Parsa Zadeh
Why dental implants are bad?
Dental implants have a high success rate of around 95%, and they lead to an increased quality of life for many people. However, dental implants can cause complications, such as infections, gum recession, and nerve and tissue damage.
Why are titanium implants bad?
Problems that may arise in titanium-based dental implants include the generation of titanium and titanium alloy particles and ions deposited into surrounding tissues due to the corrosion and wear of implants, resulting in bone loss due to inflammatory reactions, which may lead to osseointegration failure of the dental ...
What are the disadvantages of titanium?
The primary disadvantage of Titanium from a manufacturing and engineering perspective is its high reactivity, which means it has to be managed differently during all stages of its production. Impurities introduced during the Kroll process, VAR or machining were once near impossible to remove.
Is bone stronger than titanium?
Putting in some typical dimensions and material properties we find that the stresses in a bone made from titanium alloy, for example, would be about 1.3 times higher than in a bone of the same weight, made from bone. But the titanium alloy is 5 times stronger so obviously its safety factor is much higher.
Can titanium screws cause problems?
Long term presence of titanium, or any metal in the body, can sometimes lead to problems. Because of this, surgical fixation devices may eventually need to be removed. That said, in most cases having a titanium implant does not present an issue.
Is there an alternative to titanium implants?
Zirconia implants are a promising alternative to titanium with a superior soft-tissue response, biocompatibility, and aesthetics with comparable osseointegration. However, further long-term longitudinal and comparative clinical trials are required to validate zirconia as a viable alternative to the titanium implant.
How long does titanium last in the human body?
Titanium is also incredibly durable and long-lasting. When titanium cages, rods, plates and pins are inserted into the body, they can last for upwards of 20 years. And dental titanium, such as titanium posts and implants, can last even longer.
How much does a titanium implant cost?
In general, each implant will cost around $2,000 to $3,000. This cost is for the implant only and doesn't include the cost of the abutment or crown. Once the cost for the abutment and crown are added in, you may pay as much as $6,000 per tooth.
Can you get an MRI with titanium?
Titanium is the most common metal used for dental implants, and it is completely non-reactive to magnetism. Because it is not magnetic, it will not interfere with an MRI.
Should titanium rods be removed?
The short answer is yes. Some people struggle to get closure on the experience of having a fracture. The removal of the metalwork can help them “complete “ their treatment and move on from the experience.
Are zirconia implants better than titanium?
There is concern over the long term survival for zirconia implants and their potential complications. Strength and Fracture Resistance – Zirconia is more brittle than titanium and has lower fracture strength and flexural strength. ... Zirconia will have a higher chance of fractures and complications long term.
Can you replace bones with titanium?
Flexible yet rigid like a human bone, and immediately capable of bearing loads: A new kind of implant, made of titanium foam, resembles the inside of a bone in terms of its structural configuration. ... Not only does this make it less stiff than conventional massive implants.
Can titanium withstand a bullet?
Titanium can take single hits from high-caliber bullets, but it shatters and becomes penetrable with multiple hits from military-grade, armor piercing bullets. ... Most guns legally bought and owned by individuals will likely not penetrate titanium.
What is so special about titanium?
Titanium metal is a very durable metal for engineering applications because this metal is corrosion-resistant and also this metal is very strong and very light. It is 40% lighter than steel but as strong as high-strength steel. So titanium finds applications in things like aerospace.
What are two major benefits of titanium?
- Resistance to corrosion. When exposed to air, a thin layer of oxide forms on the surface of titanium. ...
- Strength. One of the biggest advantages of titanium is its strength. ...
- Non-toxic. ...
- Low thermal expansion. ...
- High melting point. ...
- Excellent fabrication possibilities.
Will titanium rings turn your finger green?
Rings made from titanium do not tarnish, therefore they will not give you a green ring around your finger. Usually the rings that create “green fingers” are made of inexpensive metals. ... Since titanium rings are made of good quality titanium metal, your finger won't turn green when you wear one.
Why titanium is so expensive?
In general, titanium will usually be more expensive than other metals because it is rarer than other metals, and because it is typically only found bonded to other elements which can make processing more expensive.
How do you know if your body is rejecting titanium?
Seminal studies cited by the International Journal of Implant Dentistry report that titanium allergy symptoms include: Erythema (skin redness, in this case, in the tissues around the implant) Urticaria (hives that may be seen on the skin or gum surface) Eczema (itchy inflammation of the skin or gum tissue)
Can titanium cause neurological problems?
There hasn't been any research, that I am aware of, which indicates the titanium from dental implants causes neurological problems. In fact, titanium has been used for decades throughout the body, including procedures such as hip replacements.
Do titanium implants corrode?
Titanium dental implants can cause corrosion and wear. Particles and ions of titanium and titanium alloy components due to corrosion and wear can be deposited in surrounding tissues, and inflammation reactions can occur. | <urn:uuid:d6c21afa-2f52-41ee-8130-07078caa31a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://miniexperience.com.au/are-titanium-implants-safe | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.934526 | 1,642 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Some documents that are simply signed through the usual course of business are still contracts. These include purchase orders, receipts, and sales agreements, among others. For any such agreements, it is critical that you understand your end of the bargain and the legal consequences of it. Otherwise, you could be held legally accountable for something you did not expect.
How Can I Ensure a Contract is Good?
Before you sign anything, read what you are signing. Pay careful attention to the clauses of your duties under the contract. However, documents can often be too long for a worthwhile read, or so commonplace that reading each one is not practical. If so, there are still other ways you can effectively review it. An Apache Junction, Arizona attorney can look over a contract before you sign it, as well as review any standardized documents that you deal with on a routine basis. In so doing, the Lawyer will ensure that the legal effect of the documents matches your intent.
What if I Don't Understand a Contract in Arizona?
Although contracts are expressed in words, the agreement itself is what matters. Regardless of the language, parties to a contract are usually legally bound only according to their understanding of the contract. Since it's your understanding that matters, relying on the other party's explanation of the contract terms might lead to problems. In Apache Junction, you can find a neutral third party that is qualified to review and explain the contract. Some specific fields, such as finance, pose particular demands that can be time consuming to fulfill. But no matter how complicated the negotiations, the objective of a contract is to give the intent of the parties legal effect under Arizona law. | <urn:uuid:e9588021-abe6-4051-993f-4952bfe56ebe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://businessattorneys.legalmatch.com/AZ/Apache-Junction/contract-review.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963443 | 333 | 1.9375 | 2 |
All that remains in Dode is the Church of Our Lady of the Meadows, which is now a wedding venue.
However, anyone hoping to have their wedding there can look forward to a spectacular scene as the church is fitted with the finest medieval regalia.
But the village earned its place in Kentish folklore due to its tragic fate more than 600 years ago.
Here's all you need to know about the lost village, and what it looks like now.
Dode was built at some point between 1087 and 1100 during the reign of William II of England.
It was built on top of an ancient man made mound that it is now known as Holly Hill, as opposed to 'Holy' due to the hamlet's nefarious reputation.
Eerily, the church is built upon a confluence of Ley lines - magnetic 'lines' in nature" that birds, mammals, insects and bacteria use to migrate long distances.
The point where the lines meet often produces a measurable energy vortex, which has led certain religions to consider these areas sacred.
The church has stone and flint walls and is spectacularly lit by candles and flamed torches to really set the scene.
It is said to have stood over the 'lost village' for centuries, and now hosts events such as weddings and memorial services.
The villagers died within the church walls
Today, all that remains of the diminutive settlement is its Norman church which can only be accessed by a solitary through road known as Wrangling Lane.
Dode's entire population was wiped out by the Black Death in 1349.
It's thought that the villagers sheltered in the church at the height of the outbreak and awaited rescue.
It is said that the last survivor of the Black Death at Dode was a seven-year-old girl known as the Dodechild.
The legend goes that she took refuge in the church after all the other villagers were dead, and died within its walls.
The Dodechild is supposed to haunt the churchyard, though sightings are scarce.
In local superstitions she would supposedly appear on the first Sunday morning of every month.
The church became famous for black magic rituals
As nobody who inhabited the village survived the plague, it was believed that the area was cursed.
The church was deconsecrated and was boarded up in 1367 by the order of Thomas Trelleck, the Bishop of Rochester.
It remained empty for 650 years and became an area notorious for black magic rituals.
A well used to stand next to the church which had long been thought to be bottomless.
However in 1996, a team from Kent Underground Research Group disproved this by finding it to be 35ft deep.
Holly Henge is the name given to the stone circle at Dode which is said to evoke the spirituality of the centuries that have passed.
Timeless rites of passages take place within the circle, such as baby naming events, which are witnessed by the centuries of time that "go beyond Dode and on to eternity".
The Handfasting ceremony has roots to Ancient Celtic Tradition and goes back as far as 7,000BC.
It involves a couple that have their hands bound by cords, where they then exchange gifts within Holly Henge.
The church was eventually bought again in 1990, by Dough Chapman, a chartered surveyor who worked at Canterbury Cathedral.
Over the next couple of decades,. Doug painstakingly restored the church's interior to how it would have looked in its original state.
It is now used for weddings and events - and reports of hauntings are thankfully scarce.
Sign up to get the latest stories from Kent direct into your inbox here | <urn:uuid:288a8b0b-43dc-4497-ba1a-fe9d36ff0e29> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kentlive.news/news/nostalgia/dode-haunted-kent-village-thats-6250654 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.984961 | 764 | 2.8125 | 3 |
After celebrating the opening Mass for the 12th general assembly of the Synod of Bishops at the Basilica of St. Paul's Outside the Walls, Pope Benedict XVI made the synod the focus of his words before the recitation of the Angelus. The Holy Father invited his audience to support the work of the synod on the Bible with their prayers, invoking in a special way "the maternal intercession of the Virgin Mary, the perfect Disciple of the Divine Word."
Speaking to 20,000 faithful present in St. Peter's Square, Pope Benedict recalled morning Mass at the Roman basilica and reflected on the origins of bishops’ synods.
"This is an important body, instituted in September of 1965 by my venerable predecessor, the servant of God Paul VI, during the final phase of Vatican Council II, to carry out an order contained in the Decree on the Pastoral Office of Bishops in the Church, 'Christus Dominus'. These are the ends of the synod: foster close union and collaboration between the Pope and the bishops of the entire world; to provide direct and precise information on the situation and problems of the Church; to foster agreement on doctrine and pastoral actions; and to address topics of great importance and relevance."
The Pope said that the Greek word sýnodos, composed from the preposition syn, that is "with," and from odòs, which means "way” or “street," "suggests the idea of 'paving the way together.'"
The current synod on the Bible will last for three weeks and includes 253 "synod fathers": 51 from Africa, 62 from the Americas, 41 from Asia, 90 from Europe and 9 from Oceania, who will study and discuss the “working document” alongside numerous experts and auditors, men and women. There will also be "fraternal delegates" from other Churches and ecclesial communities present.
After the Angelus, Pope Benedict directed these words towards the English-speaking pilgrims: "I am happy to greet all the English-speaking pilgrims and visitors present for this Sunday Angelus prayer. In today's Gospel Jesus speaks of his death at the hands of those who did not heed the voice of God and progressively closed their hearts to truth, justice and love. Let us pray with confidence that the Lord will guide our steps and grant us patience and constancy in doing God's holy will! I wish you all a pleasant stay in Rome, and a blessed Sunday!" | <urn:uuid:aaeb7cbf-5324-477b-989f-c9fb6d3c6da9> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/bishops_synod_will_pave_the_way_for_biblical_studies_says_benedict_xvi/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720972.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00250-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951178 | 513 | 2.03125 | 2 |
What is Eco-Design?
Eco-design is definitely the process of lowering the co2 footprint of the product by using environmentally friendly resources. The end-of-life of a product is another important aspect of environmental design. Eco-design encourages the re-use of products and substances by increasing their value. It attempts the design of goods that are intended to be thrown away and encourages the bring back of spend to manufacturers https://www.abundanceinbalance.com/an-introduction-to-ecological-design/ or nature. Concerns for eco-design products contain take-back programmes and recovery and taking.
Eco-design requires a holistic techniques for the lifecycle of a item, taking into account pretty much all aspects of it is production, coming from materials and manufacturing to the last disposal. The process begins by identifying the stages of the product’s lifecycle that have the most environmental effect. By requesting questions like: how eco-friendly is the material? Is the energy used in creation renewable? Will the product end up being recyclable? Eco-design seeks to duplicate the recycling practices of aspect.
Eco-design has its own benefits. With a few ecological considerations into a product’s design, it will help to reduce the company’s overall environmental impact. It also helps firms better understand their products’ lifecycles and improve their employees’ motivation. Simply by centering on sustainability, you are able to improve the your life cycle of goods while fixing their operation. So , be sure you check out this site for more information approach implement eco-design into your own firm. | <urn:uuid:d8ea424a-5db8-4ad2-b6fe-ce8d0433c4c8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://arfone.fr/2022/05/16/what-is-eco-design/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.944328 | 338 | 3.234375 | 3 |
As a daring kid, I one day decided I was going to make a rocket powered skateboard. Just like in the cartoons, I thought if fire was applied to the end of a skateboard it would propel the skateboard forward. Seemed logical.
I proceeded to tie a straw broom to the end of a skateboard and then light it. Unfortunately, the straw would not light. I must be low on fuel I thought. I grabbed a can gas and started to pour gas onto a small flame. All of a sudden, I saw this fire trail start coming up the stream of into the tank. In a panic I threw the gas tank to the side and saw it burst into a large ball of flame.
Apparently in my panic, I mistakenly threw it towards the house. The ball of flame grew into a tower of flame which started to reach the corner of the roof! Overwhelmed by the situation now out of my control, I ran into the house and yelled out “FIRE. THE HOUSE IS ON FIRE!” My parents and their guests came rushing out and eventually my father smothered the fire with sand.
My idea for using fire was to propel and drive me forward was good in theory. But instead, I almost ended up burning up the house. So much of the fire we carry as men is misguided. We start off with good intentions but in the end, turn out burning down our homes, bodies, lives and futures.
Read and meditate on James 3:6. What does this verse say to you?
How has your “fire” been constructive or destructive to yourself and others?
Meditate / Make It Real:
What will you do differently today to make your “fire” productive for others? | <urn:uuid:ed14360f-ca6f-482b-b071-c7901c87e5de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://faithfirefury.com/2020/02/17/rocket-board/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.967949 | 374 | 1.875 | 2 |
There's a medical diagnostic test for a disease. If a person has the disease, the probability that the test gives a positive result is 0.95. If a person does not have a disease the probablilty of a negative result is 0.90. In the population 1% of people have the disease. What is the probability that a person tested has the disease, given the result is positive? Let T be the event of a positive test and D be the event of having the disease. | <urn:uuid:e9c26e00-be86-4901-b9e0-615d8a4d8314> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-statistics/97130-probability-how-do-you-go-about.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00411-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956473 | 100 | 2.875 | 3 |
Though important in their respective ways, mental and physical health are equally essential to our overall well-being. Despite this, the physical body seems to take precedence over the mind when it comes to healing and recovery. This is understandable considering the obvious ways physical impairments interfere with our ability to get through the day. But what about the mental and emotional hindrances that hold us back, too?
If there were more affordable therapy options for mental health, would that change things?
For many people, pushing their mental health care to the side is an indefinite matter. One major reason is that people believe that they’ll never find affordable therapy. Not only that but healing the mind takes time – meaning more and more payments over time. In contrast, many physical concerns are often resolved by a single doctor’s visit or medication.
When you consider the commitment that therapy requires (typically a minimum of five sessions), the heftier co-pays, and out-of-pocket costs, it’s no wonder that many people do not seek treatment.
According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, 1 in 5 adults in the United States experiences a mental illness each year. And less than half of that 20% seek professional help. Lack of access to affordable therapy is one of their biggest deterrents. Not knowing what kind of help to look for or where to look for it is another major obstacle.
That’s why in this article, we won’t only provide affordable therapy options to explore but how to find them. Luckily, several affordable therapy options are available for those who need to improve their mental health without breaking the bank.
Affordable Therapy Options for Mental Health
Sliding Scale Therapy
If you are looking for one of the most affordable therapy options, sliding scale therapy may be the way to go. Sliding scale therapy is a type of counseling in which fees are based on a patient’s income to make it an affordable therapy option for them.
A sliding scale therapist could be a psychotherapist, psychologist, or social worker who adjusts their hourly fee. These therapists treat general conditions like depression and anxiety and do not believe income should factor in someone receiving help.
In addition to affordable therapy setting fees for a specific income or range of incomes, some may work with you through other financial changes and hardships. In this case, fees are sometimes further adjusted.
Utilizing a sliding scale therapist may be an ideal affordable therapy option if you need to pay out-of-pocket for therapy or live in an expensive city with high co-pays. Note that not all sliding scale therapists specialize in all conditions, but you can check this when searching for one.
While not all therapists offer sliding scale therapy, there are many directories online, like goodtherapy.org, that search cities across the nation to help you find affordable therapy near you.
Another affordable therapy option is support groups. Support groups can take place online and in-person and typically meet weekly or monthly.
A support group comprises people who share their experiences with a certain condition or challenge and offer emotional support.
Many find this environment more beneficial than traditional therapy because they can see that they’re not alone. These groups are common for grief and loss, alcohol and substance use disorders, domestic abuse, and eating disorders – to name a few. They can also be tremendously helpful for individuals coping with a chronic health condition or disease like cancer.
Whether a structured group or a more open-ended circle, support groups welcome and encourage group communication and opinions. This means more chances to hear and heal from other people’s stories and less direct advice from the therapist.
Not only can support groups be a great affordable therapy option, but they’re also often free or have a very low cost. You can find support groups online through Mental Health America’s support group tool and on websites like Meetup.com.
Therapy apps are a newer, lower-cost option for therapy growing in popularity. These apps provide access to therapists without the need to leave your home. The typical cost for users is between $35 and $80 per week.
One of the most popular therapy apps is BetterHelp.com. With over 20,000 licensed therapists, BetterHelp offers various affordable therapy services to treat a wide range of conditions.
Mental health counseling via online therapy platforms can generally provide more affordable therapy than traditional counseling services. This is because there are no overhead costs associated with maintaining an online presence – like renting office space or hiring employees.
Several online mental health counseling platforms also accept insurance or offer a sliding scale fee so that everyone can afford it.
While therapy apps are growing in popularity, they may not be the best affordable therapy option for everyone. If you struggle with more severe conditions like addiction or schizophrenia, it is usually best to seek in-person help.
Low-Fee or Free Community Mental Health Clinics
If you do not have health insurance and cannot afford out-of-pocket costs, free or low-income mental health services may be the affordable therapy route to take.
In most cities, at least a few community mental health clinics offer low-fee or free services for affordable therapy.
While talk therapists and psychologists primarily run these clinics, many employ student counselors, student psychologists, and social workers. In this case, these employees are all supervised by licensed professionals. Expanding their services helps enable these clinics to provide such affordable therapy, often at no cost at all.
Community mental health clinics offer various services, including individual and family counseling and medication management. You can also seek treatment at these clinics for conditions like bipolar disorder and schizophrenia – not only depression and anxiety.
If community clinics are an affordable therapy option of interest to you, it’s a good idea to start looking now. OpenCounseling.com can help you find free or low-cost support in your area, such as non-profit organizations. One drawback to be aware of is that there may sometimes be long waitlists and limited availability.
Your primary care physician can likely also help provide affordable therapy recommendations in your community.
For those who do have health insurance, it’s worth contacting your insurance provider to see what mental health services are covered. If they do cover any, you can then ask for the contact information of local in-network therapists.
The good thing is that many therapy services take insurance. Still, it’s best to determine details like co-pays and deductibles beforehand.
Some insurance companies may even help you out if you need support for a specific condition from an expert. This would come at a higher cost, but it’s worth asking if you need an out-of-network professional.
Final Thoughts on Affordable Therapy
Finding affordable therapy doesn’t have to be difficult. Different options are available, depending on your financial situation and what you’re looking for. So, don’t hesitate to research, reach out, and get the help you need. | <urn:uuid:89f050a0-54fa-486f-a21a-9e98643e0a4d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://psychtimes.com/therapy/affordable-therapy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.943146 | 1,453 | 2.046875 | 2 |
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AUTONOMY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN NIGERIA: ISSUES AND WAY FORWARD
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The Nigerian government structure is made up of three tiers, which are the federal government, state government and the local government. The three of them are involved in delivering dividends of democracy to the people. They each have their roles to play as entities, but they also collaborate in certain respects, especially when it has to do with management and financing. This ensures improvement in performance and accountability.
The federal government is involved in defense, shipping federal trunk roads, aviation, railways, posts, telegraphs, telephones, police and other security services. They are also involved in regulation of telecommunications, interstate commerce and labour. Federal sees to mines and minerals resources, guidelines for minimum education standards at every level of education and water resources. Both federal and state collaborate to see to antiquities and monuments, university, technological and post-primary educations; health and social welfare; statistics and surveys; scientific and technological research; industrial, commercial and agricultural development and electricity.
State and local governments collaborate on issues related to development of agriculture and non-mineral natural resources, health services and primary, adult and vocational education.
The local government deals with issues related to roads, streets, street lighting, drains and other public facilities; sewage and refuse disposal, homes for destitute and infirm, cemeteries and burial grounds and economic planning and development.
Funding for the three is mostly being provided by the federal government. Certain percentage of the monthly allocation goes to states and the states. States and local governments presently have joint account. This means states disburse funds needed by the local governments under them. (Nigerian founder, 2017).
The National Assembly’s oversight function of amending the 1999 Constitution has once again brought the vexing issue of local government autonomy to the front seat of Nigeria’s political arena. Since independence in 1960, Nigeria has experimented with different models of local government administration (Oyeleye, 1988; Oyediran and Gboyega, 1979). From empirical evidence in extant literature, the rationale behind the declaration, principally, was to bring government closer to the people and effective service delivery to the rural areas. It is in connection with the aforementioned rationale amongst others that several local government reforms have been initiated by successive governments to ensure that they are achieved (Olowu, 1984). However, within the Nigerian context, the 1976 local government reform gave us not only the definition of local government, but also the basic rudiments of local government autonomy. The 1976 reform defines local government as:
Government at the local level exercised through Representative Council established by law to exercise specific powers within defined areas. These powers should give the council substantial control over local affairs as well as the staff institutional and financial powers to initiate and direct the provision of services and to determine and implement projects so as to implement the activities of the state and federal government in their areas, and to ensure, through devolution of these functions to these Councils and through the active participation of the people and their traditional institutions, that local initiative and response to local needs and conditions are maximized. The above definition brings out the key elements of local government autonomy. First, the local government unit should have a legal personality distinct from the state and federal governments. Second, the local government ought to have specified powers and functions distinct from the state and federal governments. Third, the local government has to operate independently of the state and federal governments. That means that the local government is not an appendage or field office of the state or federal government. Fourth, local government ought to have the ability to make its own laws, rules and regulations. Fifth, local government should have the ability to formulate and execute its own policies and the right to recruit, promote, develop and discipline its own staff. It is pertinent to note that there is never a time that local government in Nigeria has been granted the kind of autonomy expounded in our definition above. And like we earlier pointed out, in all political systems, the kind of autonomy the central or regional government entrust to the local units depend largely on the nature and character of state politics. For example, in the United States of America, the degree of autonomy granted local authorities is derived from ideals and values such as liberty, equality, democracy, individualism, unity and diversity (Akpan, 2013).
The Local Government in Nigeria can be a successful autonomous entity provided the Federal and State governments are ready to work towards achieving this.
1.2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
In the last few years there has been so much avoidable controversy and confusion about the local government system in Nigeria. Quite a number of challenges have confronted local governments in Nigeria, in their bid to utilize their autonomy in the task of developing the localities. These include structural, operational, financial, patron/godfather pressure, unstable democracy, constitutional provisions and corruption. However, this could be as a result of Nigeria’s socio-political context, with multiplicity of culture, diversity of languages and differentiated needs and means, the importance of local government in fostering the needed national consciousness, unity and relative uniformity as well as preservation of peculiar diversities cannot be over-emphasized. Central to the creation of local government, however, is its 17 ability to facilitate an avenue through which government and the people intermix, relate and more quickly than any other means resolve or dissolve issues that may have heated the system. Local government has been perceived as a panacea for the diverse problems of the diverse people with diverse culture. The importance of local government in enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of service delivery no doubt contributed to the rapid creation of many local governments following the adoption of 1979 constitution. Even today, there are still agitations for the creation of additional local governments
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
This work is designed to provide answers to the following questions:
1. Is the autonomy of local government in Nigeria achievable?
2. Can the Federal government allow the local government be an autonomous entity?
3. Has the Local government have any meaningful positive impact on the lives of the populace?
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1. To critically cross examine if the autonomy of local government in Nigeria is achievable?
2. To study the effort of the Federal government of Nigeria in making local government autonomous.
3. To analyze if the local government has and will have any positive effect on the populace.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The researcher shall restrict the scope studies to the analysis of an autonomous local government in Nigeria. The study shall focus more on how local government autonomy boost Nigerian economy.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Empirically, the study will benefit the citizens and government of Imo State on the implications of lack of autonomy of the local government. It will also help the policymakers to quickly amend the constitutional provision that weakens the autonomy of local government in Nigeria. If this is done, then local government will no doubt be perceived as a panacea for grassroots development. The study is also significant because it will enable the people of Imo State to enjoy the dividend of democracy at the local government level. Theoretically, this work is significant because it will improve the literature base on local government autonomy in Nigeria. It is also a contribution to the existing literature in the area of local government autonomy.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
As the case usually is, there are certain limitations the researcher will be faced with in the cause of this work. One is in the area is finance for the general research. Apart from finance, also considering the fact that research work of this nature is often done within a time bound.
However, it is believed that these constraints will be checkmated by making the best use of the materials available materials and spending more than the necessary time in the research work, therefore, it is strongly believed that despite these constraint, its effect on this research report will be minimal, thus, making the objective and significance of the study achievable.
Secondary sources of gathering data will be largely employed for our variables. This again will be based on content analysis, what these involves is the critical review of related materials, literatures, journals, magazines and textbooks, it will also involve sourcing or browsing the net for materials. Communication with authorities in the field will also not be overlooked.
1.9 KEY WORDS
Autonomy: the right or condition of self-government.
Local Government: this is the administration of a particular county or district, with representatives elected by those who live there.
Economy: this is the state of a country or region in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services and the supply of money.
Industry: economic activity concerned with the processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods in factories.
Politics: the activities associated with the governance of a country or area, especially the debate between parties having power.
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Polyurethanes have definite advantages over plastics, conventional rubber and metals, which make them a better substitute in applications where these materials are normally used.
Some specific properties of Polyurethanes when examined show it to be a more practical choice as compared to those of rubber, metal and plastic.
The outstanding abrasion resistance of Cast polyurethanes has resulted in thousands of successful applications. In laboratory tests as well as in field applications, Cast Polyurethanes show a definite wear advantage over many other materials, The following figure illustrates a comparison of abrasion properties of Polyurethane with rubbers and plastics.
Right side figure illustrates a comparison of abrasion properties of solid polyurethane with rubbers and plastics. In field studies, polyurethanes have outworn rubbers and plastics, as well as steel and ceramics in some applications, by a factor of 8 to 1.
Some plastics have high modulus and tensile strength but low elongation. Most rubbers , have high elongation but low modulus and tensile strength. Polyurethane elastomers have high modulus, high tensile strength and high elongation. This combination imparts toughness and durability to the part.
Left side figure compares the stress/strain properties of some polyurethanes with those of a few rubber materials.
Cast Polyurethanes have much higher load-bearing capacity than conventional elastomers of similar hardness.
Right side figure is a comparison of the compressive stresses required to cause a 10% deflection with samples of cast polyurethanes and Neoprene rubber. This high load bearing capacity , combined with the superior abrasion and toughness is an important advantage in applications like metal forming die-pads, die springs, Fork lift tires, caster wheels, industrial rolls, etc.
Cast Polyurethane elastomers can be compounded in a wide range of hardness from 20A to 75D (soft as a rubber band or as hard as plastic) Special formulations of cast polyurethanes can be made with resilience values as low as 2% or 75%. This is ideal for applications such as springs and shock mounts.
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“We saw their results and how they were using AM as an intervention tool for students below grade level,” said Kevin Lyons, L.L. Wright’s math coach and math teacher who has helped lead the implementation of Renaissance Learning programs at the school. “We decided to try STAR Math and AM in grades seven to nine to see if they would provide effective intervention and core class support, as well as feedback in the form of data.”
“We are slowly but surely changing the culture here in Ironwood.”
An eye-opening start
Prior to this implementation, L.L. Wright did not have a unified way to look at data systematically, relying mainly on state test scores and a combination of formative, interim, and summative assessments. So, when STAR Math assessments were first administered to all seventh-to-ninth-grade students, it was “eye-opening” to discover that many students were functioning below grade level, as many as three to four years below, in some cases.
That was an immediate kick-start to Accelerated Math buy-in from teachers, and after seeing significant early success with the program, it was expanded for daily use by every student in grades seven through twelve. Although students initially questioned doing what they perceived as “two math classes”—their regular math instruction plus Accelerated Math practices and objectives mastery—they are quickly realizing that this is a step toward better math performance, and so are their parents. Lyons shares a parent handout that bullets how Accelerated Math benefits students whether they are below, at or near, or above grade level.
Honing a system of supports
Aware that its new data resources are a step toward better math instruction, the school has been building data literacy with review and discussion at grade- and department-level meetings, cross-curricular activities, and professional development and professional learning community connections. Data is also shared with the school’s Student Success Team program, designed by volunteer staff to reduce student school tardiness and absenteeism and to encourage student engagement.
“Our STAR Math and Reading results are compared to Michigan Educational Assessment Program data and classroom assessment data,” Kanipes said. “Staff have cross-referenced the bottom 30 percent of each of these data pieces and have ongoing, fruitful discussions about how we can use this data to improve classroom instruction or introduce proper interventions.”
L.L. Wright’s evolving culture
As a result, there are now many days where every student is doing something different in the classroom—from Accelerated Math practices, exercises, and online tests to regular classroom instruction and review problems. Lyons said students started with completing two or three Accelerated Math practices per week and later shifted to demonstrating mastery of objectives on Accelerated Math practices and tests, the number of which is based on how they scored on STAR Math in relation to their grade level.
“The idea that all students have to be doing the same thing at the same time is not always true anymore,” Lyons said. “STAR Math gives us a good feel for the different ability levels, and AM helps us differentiate our instruction and tailor activities to specific needs. AM also helps students get good at math by practicing a lot of math, and this is true no matter what level you are at.”
That practice element means that students are never “done” with their work, another new expectation in L.L. Wright’s evolving culture. Students now always have Accelerated Math to work on or reading to complete, as Accelerated Reader and STAR Reading have also been implemented to assess student instructional reading levels (IRLs) and improve core English instruction in grades seven and eight.
“The fact that we now notice very little idle time in the classroom is a very big deal in and of itself,” Lyons said. “I even had many students who worked on AM online practices over the holiday break this year, and, recently, students have called me at home on evenings and weekends to have me generate online practices for them. We are slowly, but surely, changing the culture here in Ironwood.”
Extending success beyond math
Megan Maki, who teaches English and writing at the seventh, eighth, and tenth-grade levels, is seeing noticeable change, too—with students carrying more library books in the hallways and asking for longer reading time than the 10 minutes she allots during English 8 on Wednesdays and Fridays (with 20 minutes and a library visit on Mondays).
“I’ve emphasized to students that the only way they can increase their STAR reading score is to read—scores will not magically increase,” said Maki, who tells them what the literature says about the power of reading 20 minutes per day to boost IRL and makes a priority of goal setting to increase STAR scores. “They are focused on getting those 20 minutes in, and I’ve gotten notes from other teachers that after a test, students are reading while they wait for others to finish.”
Last year, Maki saw significant growth in STAR Reading scaled scores for individual students by year-end. This year, the average IRL for her first-hour English 8 students rose from 8.6 in September to 9.8 in January. She shares progress with students immediately between STAR tests and celebrates their successes.
Building on the investment with support from the top
Book selection is also critical to boost these students’ motivation and to remove the perception of reading as just an assignment to test on, Maki said, and L.L. Wright buys books that students request on wish lists. Kanipes says the school—along with the Board of Education—has been 100-percent behind the monetary investment in AR, AM, and STAR programs, further bolstered by the gains they are seeing via the data.
There are plans to make Accelerated Reader a consistent part of every school day, like Accelerated Math, and to roll out the program to grades nine and ten and support interventions with STAR Reading even through higher grades. Accelerated Reader and Accelerated Math are not at L.L. Wright solely for remediation, but also for continued challenge and college preparation.
“I have many upper-level juniors who are doing as much Accelerated Math right now as they possibly can because they know it will help them on the ACT test, and that is very important to them,” Lyons said.
L.L. Wright is further using Accelerated Math libraries with pre-calculus, AP calculus, and physics students to reinforce their knowledge and help trigger what they may have forgotten, which they will need again in college. The school’s chemistry teacher is also working with Lyons to incorporate Accelerated Math into her curriculum. The program is even being considered for a summer math program to minimize or eliminate the “summer slide” that has been shown to cause loss of up to two months of math skills. | <urn:uuid:cdbd90be-2af8-4c34-a671-db951edfa7f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www1.renaissance.com/Success-Stories | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.971897 | 1,446 | 2.375 | 2 |
(Adds Chinese foreign ministry comment)
By Greg Torode
HONG KONG, July 10 A British government report
on Hong Kong expresses "serious concerns" about press freedom
and self-censorship in its former colony and about reports that
leading British banks had pulled advertising from a local
The six-monthly report, presented by Foreign Secretary
William Hague to parliament on Thursday, is more explicit than
London's recent summaries, reflecting rising tensions over
democratic reform in the Asian financial hub.
"We believe that freedom of expression, including of the
press, has played an important part in Hong Kong's success," the
report, made available by the British Consulate General in Hong
"As such we take seriously concerns about press freedom,
including fears about self-censorship," it adds, saying London
would monitor the situation closely and noting Hong Kong leader
Leung Chun-ying's "clear statements on press freedom".
The Hong Kong Journalists Association said in a report press
freedom in Hong Kong had entered its darkest period in decades
and has set up a group to investigate complaints of media
self-censorship amid fears that Beijing is tightening its grip.
Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang that the 17
years since Hong Kong returned to China had shown the success of
the "one country, two systems" autonomous system of government.
"British people should have a deep understanding and
knowledge of how Hong Kong was 17 years ago and how it is now,"
he told a daily news briefing in Beijing.
But as Hong Kong is part of China no country had the right
to interfere in its internal affairs, he added.
"China hopes the relevant country does things which benefit
Hong Kong's stability and prosperity," Qin said.
The report details a series of recent incidents, including
the stabbing in February of Kevin Lau, the former chief editor
of a leading local newspaper, Ming Pao. It also notes media
reports that London-based banks HSBC and Standard Chartered were
among institutions that had pulled adverts from the popular
Apple Daily tabloid "in response to political pressure".
Both banks, asked in London for comment, said any changes
made in their advertising would be for commercial reasons.
"The bank's selection of marketing format and channel is
commercial and linked to target market and customer segment,' an
HSBC spokeswoman said.
Earlier this week, HSBC cut its rating for Hong Kong
equities to underweight from neutral, saying a campaign for
greater democracy in the Asian financial centre could sour
relations with China and hurt the city's economy. The move was
not mentioned in Thursday's report.
Hong Kong is now locked in an intensifying political debate
over its democratic future as the government decides how to
implement Beijing's promises of a city-wide vote for its next
leader in 2017.
Beijing officials are insisting that candidates can only be
nominated by a special committee, but democracy activists are
insisting the public must be able to select politicians for the
ballot, fearing leading democrats will be otherwise screened
A campaign of civil disobedience threatens to shut down the
city's financial district later in the summer unless a
meaningful democratic plan is introduced by the government.
Hundreds of thousands marched to demand full democracy last
week while 800,000 voted in an unofficial referendum on
potential voting plans last month.
In the foreword to the report, Hague said there was "no
perfect model" but it was important for Hong Kong people to have
a "genuine choice and feel that they have a real stake in the
Chinese officials have repeatedly bristled at British
comments on Hong Kong's democratic development and a recent
White Paper issued by China's cabinet warned against 'foreign
forces' meddling in the city.
Britain made no mention of democracy for Hong Kong until the
dying days of 150 years of colonial rule.
Hague said that the "one country, two systems" concept
continued to work well generally and that rights and freedoms
enshrined in the agreement were being upheld.
(Reporting By Greg Torode, additional reporting by Steve Slater
in London, and Ben Blanchard in Beijing; Editing by Nick Macfie) | <urn:uuid:4a5e23dc-205b-4aa9-8dc5-14a7c0cf8a8c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.reuters.com/article/hongkong-britain-idUSL4N0PM0UW20140711?feedType=RSS | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719136.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00468-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957833 | 881 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Save Money, Guard Your Brain, Prevent Cancer
& Enjoy Better Sex – By Walking
If you’re one of the staggering 39.9% of the population that spends most of your day sitting on your backside, then I’m going to get you on your feet and moving. That’s why I’m writing this article about the astonishing benefits of walking.
Look, I understand how stressful and hectic your daily routine is. None of us have time to spare for exercise or recreation any more. And, after all, taking the lift or escalator is quicker than climbing the stairs, driving or catching a taxi or bus can get you there sooner, and the streets are truly dangerous for walking with crumbling sidewalks, crowds and the dust or smog.
Still, there’s a compelling case to go walking. In fact, in a shocking health warning to the sedentary masses, the Surgeon General’s report suggests that significant health benefits are possible from just “ceasing to sit and starting to move”.
Why Should You Bother With Walking?
Would you believe it if I told you that you’ll save money, guard your brain, prevent cancer and have better sex by walking regularly?
Well, start believing!
Walking brings you many health benefits. Walking controls diabetes and heart disease. It lowers blood pressure, increases bone density and improves overall fitness.
- Walking for 150 minutes every week can cut your diabetes risk by almost two-thirds by improving insulin sensitivity.
- Older men who walk a couple of miles daily are twice as likely to live longer than their peers who don’t go walking.
- Walking will soup up your sex life. Women between 45 and 55 years of age who were brisk walkers report greater sex drive and better sexual satisfaction.
- Women who walk 3 hours or more in a week cut heart attack risk by 35%… and are also mentally agile, with better memories.
- Walking just a mile every day gives post-menopausal women denser bones and they have fewer fractures, aches and pains.
- A daily half hour walk will keep you from getting depressed!
- Walking helps prevent cancer of the breast and colon, improves fitness, and lowers body fat.
- You’ll even save money by walking – on gym costs, medication and treatment expenses. Regular walkers often cancel their gym memberships.
- Walking can get you off medicines. The National Walkers Health Study shows that people who take long walks are often less likely to need any medication.
- Walking relieves chronic pain from medical conditions including fibromyalgia.
Still think walking is for crazy people?
If you’re not jumping off your couch to go for a walk, then I hope you’re at least squirming a little in discomfort – and thinking about walking more seriously than you ever have before!
Is Walking Really Exercise?
Many cynics think that walking isn’t really exercise. Well, I have news for them!
- Walking at 3 mph or faster gets your entire body moving – legs, hips, arms, torso, everything. It’s the ultimate aerobic exercise workout program!
- In fact, studies about how much oxygen the body consumes have proved that brisk walking is only marginally less intense than running or jogging.
- Like other aerobic activities, walking burns calories and can help you lose weight. Just burn more calories than you consume, and you’ll win that battle of the bulge!
- More interesting is the fact that walking can help maintain weight after you lose excess fat. Following weight loss, those who exercise and walk regularly are more likely to keep off those extra pounds than others who return back to a lazy lifestyle. The National Weight Control Registry has over 5,000 members who have maintained a 30-pound weight loss for a full year – just by walking regularly.
How to Walk – The Different Types of Walking
There’s race walking, which is a sport with specific rules (e.g. your feet must constantly be in touch with the ground). And there’s power-walking which is what most elite walkers practice.
But for most couch potatoes, there’s just plain ol’ walking.
Getting up. Putting one foot in front of the other. Repeating it.
Even that’s good enough – if you do it consistently. And correctly.
Here are some tips for effective walking:
- Keep your stride short. Longer strides may help you walk faster, but it is inefficient and you’ll tire sooner.
- Walk heel to toe, not flat footed. Let your heel strike the ground first with each step, and roll your feet forward to push off with your toes.
- Keep your body straight and upright instead of leaning forwards or backwards.
- Your arms must be relaxed and held by your side, flexed at the elbow, smoothly swinging as you walk along.
Your Feet, Your Shoes & Your Walking
Not everyone is cut out for the same kind of walking. A lot depends upon the type of feet you have. A quick way to tell is by looking at your shoes to see their wear pattern. Another method is to wet your feet, step on a dry surface and observe the imprint.
Most of your foot may touch the floor (pronator feet), or only a little of it may (supinator feet). All ranges in between are possible. This matters because your footwear must suit your feet type.
Walking shoes have rounded heels and toes to let you push off powerfully. Soles should be flexible and bend easily. Soft, bouncy and over-cushioned shoes are not good for walking. Arch supports can help those with pronator feet. Good walking shoes absorb shocks, which prevents your feet hurting after a long walk.
Shoes that ‘breathe’ are better for your feet. Some have holes. Mesh fabrics work better than leather.
Try on your walking shoes to see if they are comfortable. Even minor irregularities can cause blisters and make walking uncomfortable or painful.
Buying walking shoes is an important element of your exercise routine. Make sure you pick the right ones and wear socks that don’t compress and absorb moisture.
How To Count The Calories Burned Walking?
There isn’t a formula to compute the number of calories you’ll burn off by walking. As a rough and ready rule of thumb, a walker who weighs 150 pounds will lose 100 calories for every mile walked.
There are many charts available to help you estimate the calories burned walking per mile, depending upon your weight and speed of walking. Running is just as effective as walking to burn calories, just faster.
A brisk walking speed is 3 to 4 miles per hour. If you’ve not been exercising regularly, you may have to begin at a slower pace. But you’ll quickly build up to this ideal level. Walking indoors on a treadmill is just as beneficial as walking outdoors.
How Much Walking Must You Do?
10,000 steps of walking, jogging or running every day is the ‘Golden Rule’. A two-mile walk provides 50% of this requirement.
The Surgeon General of US recommends 30 minutes or more of moderately intense physical activity, for at least 5 days every week. This duration is cumulative over the course of your day, so you can exercise in shorter bursts and repeat it at intervals throughout the day.
What does ‘moderately intense’ mean? Well, it should leave you feeling warm and a little out of breath, though not gasping for it or sweating buckets!
It’s easy to fit in a short stint of walking into your regular routine, just by being a little creative.
- Get off the bus a stop earlier than your destination and walk the remaining distance.
- Park a block away from the office or store and walk.
- Don’t order your food or coffee sent in – walk to the cafeteria or deli for it.
- If you’re running errands in the neighborhood, don’t drive – go walking.
- Mow the lawn with a push-style mower.
- Have walking shoes handy at multiple locations so that you can walk whenever the mood hits you.
A simple plan is to set out and walk for five minutes, then turn back and return to where you started from. Gradually, every week, extend this by 2 or 3 minutes. Before you even notice it, you’ll be up to a brisk 30 minute walk every day.
There’s one danger with this system – you may not try it because it sounds “too simple”!
Trust me, it’s an effective way to begin walking… and keep walking. 85% of fitness enthusiasts who start out this way continue walking regularly – a year later.
Power walking is the natural next step. This may require that you find a suitable place to walk fast, or get a treadmill for indoors walking, or even join a gym or fitness club.
Once you’re comfortable with 30 minutes of power walking, you can boost this with interval training where you push your body to higher levels of walking for short bursts (“work”) and then slow down to a more comfortable pace for some time (“active rest”).
A good routine may be to walk at normal speed for 3 minutes, then walk very fast for a minute, drop back to regular speed for another three and repeat this cycle for the duration of your walking session.
Where To Go Walking?
You can go walking anywhere. Literally.
A major problem for many people who begin walking is that the enthusiasm fades and they find it hard to stay motivated. When you get started, don’t worry too much about where to walk or for how long. Just do it!
Planning your walks is a good way around this problem.
Write down your proposed walking schedule. Jot down the days of the week you’re going to walk.
- What time will you go?
- How long will you walk?
- Where will you go?
Walking doesn’t need many resources. A decent pair of shoes, some spare time, and you’re good to go!
- You can explore your town or city by walking into new areas.
- You can walk around your own block or neighborhood, following a routine.
- You can go walking in parks, tracks or grounds.
- You can join walking tours, mix learning with exercise.
- You can walk in a mall or shopping complex, even in bad weather.
- You can choose walking trails that many others also follow.
- You can participate in walking clubs or even compete in walking races.
- You can walk for charitable causes in your area.
All these options – and more – are available when you’re serious about walking.
What matters most is making the decision to walk… and then sticking to it!
Go on, then. Take a walk. | <urn:uuid:d73b05b1-038f-4118-b83c-a7f89e50ecea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://guydz.com/tag/calories-burned-walking/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.920434 | 2,311 | 2.203125 | 2 |
What we do
Solution architects design the complex interactions between business processes and the technologies that enable those processes to function in today's data-driven age. Solutions architects work in the field of information technology, focusing on establishing the best technology solution to meet specific business needs, whether it be applications, hardware or infrastructure services. The whole system.
Our team has experience on multiple Hardware and Software Environments and is comfortable working with complex heterogeneous systems environments.
We design and implement solutions based on our customers visions and requirements.Why you should consider us
- Reduce spending on technology infrastructure.
- Reduce capital costs.
- Minimize licensing new software.
- Increase volume output or productivity with fewer people.
- Globalize your workforce on the cheap.
- Improve accessibility.
- Monitor projects more effectively.
- Less personnel training is needed.
- Improve flexibility. | <urn:uuid:29f61174-16c1-4564-976b-01459f241f3b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.iqdata.co.za/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00310-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.857917 | 177 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Field and modelling studies of the effects of herbage allowance and maize grain feeding on animal performance in beef cattle finishing systems : a thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
The objetive [sic] of the work described in this thesis was to develop a mathematical model designed as a tool for research intended to improve the efficiency of finishing systems for 1-2 year old beef cattle under intensive grazing mangement [sic] on sown pastures in Argentina. The work involved a) three experiments in Argentina carried out to define the effects of herbage allowance and maize grain supplementation on herbage intake and animal performance, b) one experiment in Argentina following a preliminary study in New Zealand of seasonal variation in the composition and nutritive value of intensively managed beef pastures, and c) an exercise to develop a model of beef cattle production incorporating modules dealing with aspects of pasture production and utiisation [sic], herbage intake and animal performance. The results from the series of short-term grazing studies showed consistency in the comparison of the effects of increasing herbage allowance and supplementation on herbage intake and animal LWG (Chapter 4). A method combining the use of n-alkane and 13C method proved to be accurate for quantitative estimates of herbage and maize grain intake, and allowed estimates of a substantial variation in individual maize grain intake (between 31 to 41 % CV) when animals are supplemented in groups. The substitution rate (SR) measured in these studies varied little across experiments or level of grain at a herbage DM allowance of 2.5 % LW d-1 (0.36 and 0.38 kg herbage DM per kg grain DM for Chapters 3 and 4 respectively). Increasing level of herbage DM allowance increased quadratically the SR from 0.38 to 0.83 and 0.87 kg herbage DM per kg grain DM. The n-alkane method was effective in providing estimates of diet digestibility. Different methods for estimating diet composition, such as microhistological evaluation of faeces, differences in nutrient and component selection indexes and n-alkanes were used in the initial grazing trial (Chapter 2) but they were not considered to be reliable and they were too laborious for continued use under field conditions. The outcome of the studies on seasonal variation in herbage quality initially was useful in establishing a database of the range of values observed, and in demonstrating their relative robustness, at least under conditions of good pasture management. In these studies, herbage nutritive value did not seem to be a limiting factor for growing beef cattle, at least in terms of the minimum observed content of metabolisable energy (10.8 MJ ME kg DM) or crude protein (17.3 % DM). Additionally, significant relationships were established between morphological and maturity estimates and herbage nutritional variables in a pasture under grazing conditions. These relationships showed promise for future use in the prediction of herbage nutritive value, but require further work. The model developed ("BeefSim"), represents the main biological dynamic processes of the target system of this thesis, together with additional management decision and financial estimates. It was shown that the model presents adequate flexibility and can be interrogated in terms of its response to different management conditions, scenarios and timeframes. Pasture management and grain feeding were controlled in an interactive management module responding to deviations in pasture conditions and animal liveweight from pre-determined targets. Two key outcomes of the model, liveweight gain and herbage intake were accurately predicted when compared against experimental information under different levels of herbage allowance and maize feeding. System comparisons developed with the model showed agreement with the literature, and maize grain feeding associated with the monitoring procedure demonstrated an effective use of grain in the system. The model provides a good biological basis for a holistic appraisal of the effects of "process technologies" such as grain feeding in beef cattle finishing systems, and will be developed further. | <urn:uuid:09c3648b-2d90-4492-860c-0f443ac16928> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/2022 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00454-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922118 | 804 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Burt wants all of his readers on BernardGoldberg.com to enjoy a Christmas/Chanukah present. After you finish this article, don’t miss “Critiquing the Sioux City Debates.” Burt and Yvonne wish all the readers on BernardGoldberg.com a Happy Chanukah and a very Merry Christmas.
Recently, I had an exchange with my friend Alan Caruba, a fellow Jew who had written a piece in which he pointed out that in hard economic times anti-Semites have a greater tendency to crawl out from under their favorite rocks.
After acknowledging that he was right, I went on to state that as an American Jew, I was frankly surprised that there wasn’t more hatred of Jews than there is. And for once, I was being totally serious. If I weren’t Jewish, I could see how I, as a conservative, could be very antagonistic towards Jews. I mean, not being a total barbarian, I would try to be fair; I would attempt to balance things off by listing all of the Jewish contributions to medicine and science, literature and music, Hollywood and Broadway. I would think how much more unpleasant modern life would be without the efforts of Jonas Salk, George Gershwin, Albert Einstein, Richard Rodgers, Saul Bellow, J.D. Salinger, Jerome Kern, Billy Wilder, Carl Sagan and Milton Friedman. And that’s just the tiny tip of a huge iceberg.
But the fact remains that Karl Marx, Leon Trotsky, Noam Chomsky and Saul Alinsky, also form a small portion of a fairly large toxic dump. It’s also true that the reason that people equate Jews with shady financial practices isn’t entirely due to the libelous charges planted in The Protocols of Zion, but to high-profile scoundrels named George Soros, Bernie Madoff, Michael Milken, Joshua Gould and Bernie Cornfeld. It doesn’t help that Lehman Brothers and Goldman Sachs could just as easily be the names of two kosher delis.
Speaking of which, why is it that it’s only beloved Jews who ever got around to changing their names? Why was it always the likes of Danny Kaye (nee David Kaminsky), Jack Benny (Benjamin Kubelsky), Mel Brooks (Mel Kaminsky), Woody Allen (Allen Konigsberg), George Burns (Nathan Birnbaum), Kirk Douglas (Issur Danielovitch), John Garfield (Jacob Julius Garfinkle), Eddie G. Robinson (Emanuel Goldenberg), Tony Curtis (Bernie Schwartz), Shelley Winters (Shirley Schrift), Lauren Bacall (Betty Joan Perske), Judy Holliday (Judith Tuvim) and Irving Berlin (Israel Isidore Baline), and never such national disasters as Henry Waxman, Michael Bloomberg, Barney Frank, Charles Schumer and Debbie Wasserman-Schultz?
Speaking of which, as a conservative, it pains me to have to acknowledge that while there are 31 members in the House and another 13 in the Senate who are Jewish, only one, Eric Cantor, is a Republican. When you realize that Jews represent less than three percent of the American population, the fact that they represent 13% of the Senate and nearly nine percent of the House, you get some idea of what a difference these people would make if only they used their power for good!
Fortunately, in spite of 80% of American Jews being so besotted with the Left that they would vote for Daffy Duck so long as he was running as a Democrat, we are not entirely insane and, with fewer and fewer exceptions, such as Jon Stewart (formerly Jonathan Leibowitz), we no longer feel we have to change our names in order to advance our careers. As a result, Bernard Goldberg, Charles Krauthammer, Dennis Prager, Mark Levin, Michael Medved, Ben Shapiro, Harry Stein, Lionel Chetwynd and Ronald Radosh, make no secret of the fact that they are both Jewish and conservative. I must confess I thought I’d be able to include Mark Steyn, but I checked and found out that he was baptized as a Catholic and confirmed as an Anglican, which probably explains the funny spelling.
Why isn’t there more anti-Semitism in America? After all, we Jews tend to be extremely out of step with the majority of Americans, who tend to be slightly right of center. Moreover, even aside from all those leftwing politicians who carry Barack Obama’s water, no matter if the issue is the stimulus, pandering to public sector unions or ObamaCare, we include in our ranks such prominent leftwing loudmouths as Ed Asner, Barbra Streisand and Sean Penn.
The answer is surprisingly simple. It appears that America’s Christians, by and large, are decent, logical and patriotic. As a result, they not only subscribe to the words found in the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, but the other, older ones, inscribed in their Bible. And it probably doesn’t hurt that their savior happened to be Jewish.
|Get your personally autographed copy of Liberals: America’s Termites or Portraits of Success for just $19.95, postpaid. Get both for just $39.90.| | <urn:uuid:eef1fbab-f7e8-42e9-8063-6cdc9f2c53b2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://bernardgoldberg.com/why-isn%E2%80%99t-there-more-anti-semitism-in-america/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00530-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947947 | 1,102 | 1.5 | 2 |
While there’s nothing better than a room bathed in plenty of natural sunlight, we’re not all blessed with this advantage, Besides, almost every home also has a shady or north-facing side that isn’t as bright. In any case, there are many ways to brighten up a space that tends to be gloomy or dark, whether that’s because it gets little daylight or just happens to have small windows. While you can embrace the dark and create a cocoon-like room, many people prefer to find ways to make it brighter. Here are some great ideas for solving the dilemma of a gloomy room.
Use More Lighting
This is the most basic step for making a gloomy space brighter. The key is to look beyond simple ceiling fixtures and standard lamps for creative illumination. Incorporating lighting into shelving is an easy way to brighten it as well as put the focus on a particular part of the room. Backlighting can also be used in alcoves, behind furniture or other spots that need more light.
Add Big, Bold Artwork
Decorating a dark room is not the time to opt for a wall full of small pieces of art. Going for something really large and bright will bring a dynamism to the space that will be missing if you choose smaller artworks. These blue and white abstract paintings by Marina Anton are a great example of the type of art that will enliven a gloomy space. Not only are they light and bright, but they convey a strong sense of movement, which also brings life to the room.
Hang a Bright Suspension Light Fixture
Put lighting center stage in a dark space and you’ll not only brighten it but you’ll add a big element of drama. Whether your style runs more toward old-school chandeliers or modern minimalist fixtures, you can find a suspension light that works for your living space. The most important thing to remember is to layer your lighting and combine the central fixture with lamps or other kinds of lighting at different levels.
Color it Yellow
Adding sunny hues to a room can do wonders for a dark space. If you can’t have the real thing, then paint and textiles can stand in for the warmth of the sun. Paint the walls any shade of yellow or add splashes of orange, peach or rose for a bigger dose of vibrancy. Combine these bolder brights with a pale base of neutrals or white to create a space that has a much-improved mood.
Choose Energetic Decor
If you can’t flood a space with light, upping the energy level of the decor can also bring a new vibe to the room. Choosing some items — or even wall decor — that’s unexpected and projects a high level of movement or emotion brings about an energetic feeling. This living room, which was in a recent New York City Holiday House, is highlighted by a rug pattern that swirls with dramatic colors at its edge. On the walls, a bold graffiti design is combined with staid vintage portraits for a very avant-garde look.
Add Some Shine
Amplify what little illumination a room might have by adding some metallic elements to the mix. The piece can be as large as this gleaming, artistic chaise from the Priveetkollektie Gallery or as small as a collection of metallic accessories. Anything reflective can do the trick, even a glass top on a coffee table or side table.
Lighten up the Floor
One sure way to lay a lighter base for a room is to choose a pale floor covering. Of course, a pale wood floor is ideal but if you can’t replace the floor in the room, you can still brighten up the area with a light-colored rug. This doesn’t mean that you need a white rug, which is far from ideal in high-traffic areas or in rooms that need to be family-friendly. Light neutral colors with a slight pattern or texture can bring a lighter feel than a dark rug or heavily-patterned one.
Use Mirrors Strategically
Mirrors are another go-to strategy for making a space feel brighter and for good reason. They are the easiest way to reflect the available light in a room on a larger scale. While a fully mirrored wall can look like a relic from the 1970s and 1980s, using large, leaning mirrors or arrangements of medium-sized mirrors can achieve the same goal with more style. Plus, individual mirrors are flexible to move if you change your mind.
Skip Heavy Window Coverings
In a room that already feels heavy and dark, full and substantial draperies can make it feel even more oppressive. Instead, opt for something less overwhelming like these blinds, or for some pale, floaty sheer curtains. Clearly, the decorators of this game room opted to embrace the dark and paint the walls black for drama, however, they included other elements that help lighten the look like the bold blue sofa, colorful artworks and plexiglass table. The streamlined window coverings let in the maximum amount of light from the windows, which are located only on one wall.
Keep Windows Clear and Clean
Speaking of windows, no matter what type of window coverings you choose, if the glass is dirty, you’re not going to have bright, sparkling daylight entering your space. Keeping the windows clean will let in the maximum amount of daylight and preserve your view of the outdoors. This means maintaining not only the inside but also cleaning the exterior of the windows — or having them cleaned if you have windows on an upper level that you can’t easily access.
Skip the Dark Decor
A space that’s already dark doesn’t need dark decor. Even if you lighten the floor with a covering like this natural woven rug, light-colored furniture will make a significant difference. These pieces from the Todd Merrill Studio are crafted from a pale wood and would brighten up any space. The same concept holds true if your tastes run to a more traditional style of furniture or if you want to include more upholstered pieces: Keep the textile choices light!
Paint the ceiling
Sometimes putting the focus on the ceiling can lighten a dark room, especially when you do it by painting the ceiling to look like the sky. This stunning design is by Kimberly Wohlfarth of Distinctive Applications, who is known for her hand-painted decor. This concept also works in children’s rooms, where the design might be a little more fanciful or playful. In any case, it draws the eye upward and, at least subconsciously, makes the room feel lighter and more open than a plain ceiling.
While most of these strategies will work for brightening up any space, the ones you choose have to be tailored to your style and what you are looking to achieve in a particular room. Moreover, many of these ideas can be easily changed or swapped out, so they aren’t necessarily a big financial commitment in case you change your mind. | <urn:uuid:5a5de6fa-c9a5-4676-b101-5898a73c1d76> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.homedit.com/brighten-up-a-dark-space/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.925163 | 1,461 | 2.09375 | 2 |
The theory of elliptic boundary problems is fundamental in analysis and the role of spaces of weakly differentiable functions (also called Sobolev spaces) is essential in this theory as a tool for analysing the regularity of the solutions.This book offers on the one hand a complete theory of Sobolev spaces, which are of fundamental importance for elliptic linear and non-linear differential equations, and explains on the other hand how the abstract methods of convex analysis can be combined with this theory to produce existence results for the solutions of non-linear elliptic boundary problems. The book also considers other kinds of functional spaces which are useful for treating variational problems such as the minimal surface problem.The main purpose of the book is to provide a tool for graduate and postgraduate students interested in partial differential equations, as well as a useful reference for researchers active in the field. Prerequisites include a knowledge of classical analysis, differential calculus, Banach and Hilbert spaces, integration and the related standard functional spaces, as well as the Fourier transformation on the Schwartz space. There are complete and detailed proofs of almost all the results announced and, in some cases, more than one proof is provided in order to highlight different features of the result. Each chapter concludes with a range of exercises of varying levels of difficulty, with hints to solutions provided for many of them. | <urn:uuid:fe063e39-0ad2-42c6-a962-e977b717854d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://readrate.com/deu/books/functional-spaces-for-the-theory-of-elliptic-partial-differential-equations | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00023-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945171 | 272 | 1.828125 | 2 |
If you want to understand the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in a nutshell, just look at the New York Times editorial pages of November 1, 2006. Amazingly enough, the Times ran a full op-ed column by a top official of the Hamas party, Ahmed Yousef, a senior adviser to Palestinian prime minister Ismail Haniyeh. Yousef repeated the same offer Hamas has been making for years. In Arabic it's called a "hudna.Quote has been trimmed
As Yousef told the British newspaper, The Guardian, Hamas leaders can't say that publicly because "there is no support in Gaza and the West Bank for recognition of Israel, and he could not propose such a change at present. 'If I did, I would end up like Michael Collins,' he said, referring to the Irish republican leader assassinated in 1922 for accepting an Irish two-state solution. 'We need to change people's minds on how they look at the conflict, and it will take time. The climate will change if we have a period of peace.'"
But right-wing Israelis, who get most of the space in the Times' letters to the editor, simply won't believe that. They won't recognize the risk that Hamas leaders are taking by getting ahead of their own public on the path to peace. They would rather hold on to their unshakable faith that Jews are surrounded by anti-semitic enemies bent only on destroying them.
Sadly, opinion polls show that fear-based right-wing view growing among Israeli Jews. They would rather hold on to their self-image as...
www.commondreams.org/views06/1104-26.htm (external - login to view)
Sadly and surely , there is no issue to this conflict, none. | <urn:uuid:73e95fe7-001f-44c9-8742-8bb0c1f68247> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://forums.canadiancontent.net/international-politics/52665-another-hamas-peace-plan-ignored.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00002-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967572 | 367 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Data reported by the weather station: 780160 (TXKF)
Latitude: 32.36 | Longitude: -64.68 | Altitude: 6
To calculate annual averages, we analyzed data of 365 days (100% of year).
If in the average or annual total of some data is missing information of 10 or more days, this is not displayed.
The total rainfall value 0 (zero) may indicate that there has been no such measurement and / or the weather station does not broadcast.
|Average annual temperature:||22.9°C||365|
|Annual average maximum temperature:||26.0°C||365|
|Average annual minimum temperature:||20.3°C||365|
|Annual average humidity:||75.2%||365|
|Rain or snow precipitation total annual:||-||-|
|Annual average visibility:||10.6 Km||365|
|Annual average wind speed:||16.9 km/h||365|
Number of days with extraordinary phenomena.
|Total days with rain:||221|
|Total days with snow:||0|
|Total days with thunderstorm:||34|
|Total days with fog:||1|
|Total days with tornado or funnel cloud:||0|
|Total days with hail:||1|
The highest temperature recorded was 32.4°C on 22 September.
The lowest temperature recorded was 11.1°C on 27 January.
The maximum wind speed recorded was 166.9 km/h on 17 April. | <urn:uuid:d4806b90-5f87-4ec0-abc3-229d832b2d3f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://en.tutiempo.net/climate/1982/ws-780160.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00486-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.854634 | 335 | 2.109375 | 2 |
The Grassroots Mapping initiative is an activist group of citizen mappers documenting the environmental effects of the Gulf Coast oil spill using inexpensive cameras attached to balloons and kites. The aerial photos, taken from heights of up to 1500 feet, are providing images that have 10,000 times higher resolution than daily satellite images posted by NASA. The efforts of the Louisiana Bucket Brigade in New Orleans with the tools developed by the MIT Center for Future Civic Media and GonzoEarth.com are resulting in some of the best maps available of the spill.
Boalt learned about the Grassroots Mapping after reading about their Gulf Oil Mapping project on Kickstarter.com, a funding platform for creative projects. Kickstarter.com co-founder Perry Chen was recently featured in Fast Company magazine as one of the top 100 most creative people in business for 2010.
"We're overjoyed that Adam Boalt has stepped up to support this groundbreaking grassroots effort; with his help we will be able to support citizen mappers in further documenting the effects of the BP oil spill," Warren said.
"Adam Boalt's belief in transparency resonates strongly with our desire to provide high-resolution public domain imagery of the spill, and we will further that cause by assembling and deploying new Grassroots Mapping Kits for volunteers along the Gulf Coast."
Boalt, who frequently supports local technology and government 2.0 events and projects in Washington, DC, where he currently resides, won the original Apps for Democracy contest. The contest, started by Peter Corbett of iStrategyLabs and Vivek Kundra, the first Chief Information Officer of the United States, was a catalyst for the Gov 2.0 movement.
"I think that the Grassroots Mapping initiative is a great way to build awareness in the community and around the world of the reality of the situation in the Gulf, and provide usable, actionable data that will aid in the restoration of the Gulf Coast," said Boalt. "I truly believe that in the future, crowdsourcing information like the mapping initiative will play an instrumental role in creating aid deployment strategies after natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis, especially in developing countries."
Warren recently presented Grassroots Mapping at the Personal Democracy Forum in New York City last week on June 4, 2010. Craig Newmark of craigslist.com, Arianna Huffington of The Huffington Post, and Tim O'Reilly of O'Reilly Media, Inc. were some of the technology enthusiasts in attendance. O'Reilly, who was recently featured on the cover of Inc. magazine, is a leading proponent of transparency, and believes that, "Gov 2.0 isn't just the future of technology; it is also the future of democracy."
For more information on how to support this initiative, please visit the Grassroots Mapping Kickstarter.com project at http://bit.ly/grassroots-mapping or their website at http://www.grassrootsmapping.org.
SOURCE Adam Boalt | <urn:uuid:4e04ead6-42d5-4dd7-92f6-1fa210983aab> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www10.giscafe.com/nbc/articles/1/831259/Adam-Boalt-Apps-Democracy-Winner-Helps-Fund-Grassroots-Mapping-Initiative | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00164-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940531 | 604 | 1.984375 | 2 |
At the beginning of 2013, approximately 153 million US online adults had health insurance coverage. While it serves the majority of US adults, the health insurance industry is unique in that only a minority of health insurance customers choose their health insurance provider directly. Forrester estimates that just 14% of US online adults — 25 million US adults — actively chose their health insurance provider in 2013.
However, with the onset of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, otherwise known as "Obamacare," many new customers will enter the healthcare market. While we don't know exactly what portion of uninsured US adults will follow the mandate that all US residents must obtain health insurance, there is a large pool of potential new customers.
In fact, Forrester’s Technographics® data shows that 13% of US online adults (23 million adults) reported having no health insurance at the beginning of 2013. Of these uninsured adults, 47% don't have health insurance because they can no longer afford personal coverage; 25% left the employer that provided their coverage; and 15% never had health coverage. | <urn:uuid:f31c3bed-272a-41a1-bfbe-09bf8a24f55d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogs.forrester.com/archiver/201308/10182 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00550-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963627 | 218 | 2 | 2 |
Date of Award
Master of Science (MS)
In 2011, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department deployed 4,000 culverts as an artificial reef off Port Mansfield, TX to serve as habitat for sport fish species in the Gulf of Mexico. The aim of this study was to assess juvenile fish recruitment at particular culvert densities among the reef. Standard monitoring units for the recruitment of reef fish (SMURFs) were used in this study and acted as sampling devices. SMURFs were placed at thirteen sampling stations among four different reef patch densities and sampled repeatedly from 2013-2014. Culvert densities included stations with: zero culverts, 1-50 culverts, 51-100 culverts, and 101+ culverts in a 30m radius. The stations were also characterized by measurements of rugosity, vertical relief, and percent cover and used as environmental response variables to elucidate factors that drive juvenile recruitment. Average species richness was highest in bare stations and lowest in dense culvert stations. No settlement pattern was observed among recent arrivals measuring ≤ 55mm TL suggesting that arrival of the smallest fish is stochastic. Species compositions were significantly different between the bare stations and all stations with culverts with an average similarity of 33.8%. The belted sandfish, Serranus subligarius was the most ubiquitous species among all stations. The juvenile community observed in visual SCUBA surveys showed lower measures of species indices and only 14% similarity to the community sampled by the SMURFs. These results suggest that SMURFs are a more effective tool for examining juvenile fish at an artificial reef due to the cryptic nature of juveniles and the low visibility in shallow reefs along the Texas coast. Commercially important species Epinephelus flavolimbatus, Epinephelus nigritus, and Lutjanus campechanus were only found at SMURFs as juveniles in the bare stations. These findings indicate that fisheries management may benefit from creating small, rubble-reef patches away from the main reef where juveniles can recruit and grow. The results of this study reveal aspects of reefs that are important to juvenile fish recruitment and will be valuable to improve the effectiveness of artificial reefs in the future.
University of Texas Brownsville | <urn:uuid:467636a6-5bb4-4730-b6c2-4e837c111320> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/leg_etd/44/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.955097 | 481 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Bollywood is definitely the biggest consumerist trendsetter in India. The Indian market positively cashes in from the trends cinema sets. Finally the cheesy Valentine’s week mush has mellowed down in the Indian market, specifically and mostly due to Bollywood. While in the 1990s, Valentine’s Day was more important than even Republic Day in India, the second decade of this millennium has seen a remarkable decrease in the craze for Valentine’s Day.
While relationships and eternal love have both seen drastic shortening of their tenures recently, Bollywood has also adapted its stories accordingly portraying relationships in the same light that we see out in the open. Social views and cinema definitely share a symbiotic relationship and hence it is hard to point out who influenced whom in this scene.
One would clearly remember Yash Chopra’s Dil To Pagal Hai (1997). The maverick Yashji blended together western concepts like Valentine’s Day and pre-marital dating with native Indian values of loving till the end of eternity. It was a deviant idea made with exemplary skill that it balanced well the deep rooted values of contrary cultures into one fine film. One can still fall in love with SRK and Madhuri’s Pyaar Kar song sliced from a similar Valentine’s Night way back in 1997.
It would be a fallacy to assume that Valentine’s Day is a dead concept; it is simply a concept that is slowly blurring out and losing importance. Perhaps one would attribute this to change of mindsets at large, but Bollywood has conspicuously shifted its focus from Valentine’s Day celebrations. While love is still a crucial element of every cinematic plot, its structure is way more realistic than it used to be.
In 2012, the releases in Valentine’s month were Jodi Breakers and Ek Main Aur Ekk Tu. While the former was a film about a company whose essential business is to split couples, Ek Main Aur Ekk Tu was commendable for its unexpectedly delightful story and a brave, realistic and unpredictable climax. It is easy to gather from such releases that Bollywood is clearly trying to make a larger social statement. Romantic relationships have a newer free spirited, open minded and bold structure. Love does not necessarily have to be concrete and forever, it can also be in the moment and yet be for real. After challenging such deep rooted convictions of the traditional Indian ideas, it is quite clear that the new age Bollywood audience appreciates honesty in its stories and shall not be swayed by market designed gimmicks like Valentine’s Day.
Even actors, who are catalysts in initiating trends, are clearly taking their own individual stand. Kareena Kapoor Khan who recently married popular actor Saif Ali Khan will be celebrating her first Valentine’s post marriage shooting with Amitabh Bachchan and Ajay Devgn for Prakash Jha’s Satyagraha. Kareena who plays an international journalist in the film is working very hard for her role. Kareena is an ultimate example of the quintessential hardcore leading Bollywood actress and her choosing work over husband is clearly telling her fans that love need not be celebrated on a specific day. And if one need not have to sideline their career in order to celebrate a media created day to celebrate childish mush.
This Valentine’s will still be more important to Bollywood for a rather tragic reason. PVR Cinemas has decided to pay a special tribute to Yash Chopra, who passed away in October, 2012. It was this man who single handedly weaved a spectacular genre of Bollywood romance with his grand style of film making. He glorified love, romance, relationships and gave it a stature no other Indian director can even imagine attaining. This Valentine’s Week PVR has decided to screen Yashji most popular films like Silsila, Kabhi Kabhi, Lamhe, Veer Zaara in all important cities including Mumbai, Bangalore, Pune, Delhi, Ahmedabad, Chandigarh and so on.
I believe Bollywood has come of age and finally grown out of juvenile fantasies like Valentine’s Day. Finally there is realism in both cinema and our idea of love. Like everything else including Bollywood, we adapt, we adjust, we grow and we outgrow. Looks like, Bollywood is slowly outgrowing the myth of Valentine’s Day! | <urn:uuid:8fe3f815-1a3f-4824-a18f-9b87c5512435> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.koimoi.com/most-popular/bollywood-s-done-with-the-myth-of-valentine-s-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00339-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955077 | 911 | 1.710938 | 2 |
As families around the country celebrated their fathers on Sunday, there is one nonprofit that works with them year round on how to be better men and fathers.
BronxWorks’ development program Strong Fathers, Stronger Families (SFSF), which was established in 2012, integrates counseling and parenting guidance with career development.
Deshana Hamid, 36, who has been the program coordinator with SFSF for two years, spoke with the Bronx Times about SFSF and its impact on the participants.
She explained SFSF helps dads improve parenting, relationships, communication and find stable employment. There are workshops for two weeks that run Monday through Thursday from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. and if they have a job, dads meet with BronxWorks staff around their schedule.
“Our perceptions of fatherhood come from yesterday’s dad versus today’s dad,” Hamid said. “How do we successfully raise daughters as men?”
The goal is to get rid of the perception of “dead beat dads,” especially in Black and brown communities, she stressed.
After the two week training is finished, they are in constant contact with their case manager, who helps them with their resume, interviews, finding clothes for an interview and landing a job.
“Our participants come in for a job and they leave for a future,” she said.
Hamid recalled there was one father who was in substance abuse recovery and had not seen his family in six years. But the program helped him learn the skills needed to change. In 2019 the father got the opportunity to spend time with his family for the holidays.
SFSF has impacted numerous people, including 53-year-old Dwayne Campbell.
According to Campbell, his life has not been the easiest. He was married, lost his son, fell into depression, dealt with addiction and sold drugs.
In the 90s he was in the drug game and aimed to be a “successful Scarface.”
In 1996 he left it all behind. He went to college and began working various jobs, none of which gave him the money he desired. Campbell was living paycheck to paycheck and often falling behind on rent.
He has four kids and helps take care of 12 from previous relationships. He expressed gratitude to Strong Fathers, Stronger Families and BronxWorks for changing his perspective and making him a better person.
“I learned how to love oneself before you can love anybody else,” he stressed.
Campbell, who has been involved with the program for a year heard about it when he was on public assistance. The city sent him to BronxWorks and they have been a Godsend, he said.
They taught him how to be a good role model and showed him how important it is to appreciate everything his wife does for him, their kids and the home.
“I don’t think I would have been able to do this without BronxWorks showing me how to take care of my kids,” Campbell said. “Any fool can make a kid, but it takes a man to raise them.” | <urn:uuid:626f94c3-e0e5-4f5e-996f-523c1aa3b3f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bxtimes.com/bronxworks-program-helps-men-become-better-fathers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.985049 | 652 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Helping Our Youth is an nonprofit organization that was created by a native of
Camden, NJ. Growing up she realized that there had to be more to life then what she was experiencing and 20 years after
leaving that community she not only wants to give back to her childhood community, but assist others in achieving the same
Helping Our Youth is an organization designed to help community members give back
their communites. Community members simply make purchases from many of the stores that we have come to know and trust
over the years and in doing so proceeds from the sales go back to the registered organizations.
Helping Our Youth is an innovative Company that will bridge the technological
gap for the low-income and disadvantaged small businesses of the Denver Metro Area. We will offer a variety of programs that
serve community members of every age and background. | <urn:uuid:5eb8259c-1ec7-4a73-9db7-9479eff4f2cf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.helpingouryouth.bizland.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00276-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976484 | 173 | 1.578125 | 2 |
A Word on Frequency
Top 10 Signs You Need to Take Break From Social Media
By Anna Rodriguez posted on Business 2 Community 07/10/14 **edited for length
1. Social networking sites (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram) are becoming your main platforms of communication.
We know how easy and convenient it is to reconnect with family and friends through social media. Oftentimes though, people end up communicating constantly through social media without making the effort to see each other anymore. No matter how much we try to find alternatives to it, there is nothing more powerful than real life connections.
2. Social media is keeping you from being productive.
Social media platforms, when used without caution, can be the most distracting thing ever. If you are constantly checking your news feed, you are likely to get very little work done on time. Yes, social media content is addictive, but we must know the proper time and place to access it.
3. Too much of your personal life is plastered all over social media.
Posting heavily on social networking sites is becoming the digital alternative to writing in a diary. People update their statuses with even the most mundane of things, or worse, with things that are better kept private. How many of us have encountered a status that was posted with the purpose of picking a fight? Or statuses that are obviously rooted from a quarrel? Many of us are guilty of this, and we must learn to take it under control.
4. You rant way too much online.
So your (insert authority figure/family member/friend) has been pestering you all week and with an impulsive wave of emotions, you post nonstop about how you just want to "respond". Well, don’t be surprised if one of your (fellow student/sibling/friends) chance upon this particular tweet, and you get in trouble quicker than you can even say #hashtag.
5. You spend too much of your time on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram following people you haven’t met.
Social media has redefined the way we socialize. It has become a habit of ours to check if the person we’re about to meet likes the same things we do. Sure, it is tempting to get to know a person through their Facebook page—it can be an aid to a fruitful conversation later on. But keep in mind, genuine connections are built through actual conversations, not by you obsessively looking through where they’ve been in 2008.
6. You access social media even when you’re supposed to be concentrating on other things.
A study on social media engagement reveals that 60% or so of social media time is spent on smartphones and tablets. And because it’s very accessible this way, people tend to check their social media accounts while driving, cooking, and during a multitude of other activities that require full attention. If you catch yourself doing this, stop immediately. It’s not safe.
7. You feel socially cut off from everything when you don’t have access to the Internet.
Your social media self badly needs a break if your social media accounts are the first things you run to when you feel alone. Don’t let your social media life define you instead try to drift and tame yourself from social media.
8. Your self-esteem is somewhat tied to how many “Likes” or “Retweets” you get.
All of us, at some point, have been guilty of this. Try not to let your social media popularity (or lack thereof) affect how you see yourself. Don’t get caught up in this trap. Instead, post things that matter to you and don’t mind if someone else thinks it’s cool.
9. You check your social media accounts upon waking up in the morning, and before you close your eyes at night.
Yes, it’s hard not to do this. But every once in a while, try to look out the window first upon waking up. You may be amazed when what you see outside is better than your best friend’s breakfast post on Instagram.
10. You have turned into a zombie. | <urn:uuid:57686549-2512-4aec-9458-7311cb1e08e5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://tackk.com/3wp7td | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00399-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938635 | 872 | 1.96875 | 2 |
donna1983 December 1, 2009 at 09:40:14 Specs: Windows XP
I just bought my daughter a computer and already have wireless internet in the house. Below is the network specs I got from the computer. Does this mean I have wireless internet on the this computer and all I have to do is log into my secure network? Or do I need to buy a wireless USB adaptor to get this computer to be wireless?
The information on Computing.Net is the opinions of its users. Such
opinions may not be accurate and they are to be used at your own risk.
Computing.Net cannot verify the validity of the statements made on this
site. Computing.Net and Purch hereby disclaim all responsibility
and liability for the content of Computing.Net and its accuracy. | <urn:uuid:b9e4d630-af29-4d31-8aa8-b9f280392e9b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.computing.net/answers/networking/rj45-integrated-10100-lan-/38863.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00403-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953309 | 164 | 1.8125 | 2 |
It is a kind of dance popular in Erdos, Inner Mongolia. On a festive or celebrative feast, after eating and drinking to their heart's content, people will grab wine cups from the table and start to dance to show their happiness.
Each hand holds two cups and taps them to make different sounds: quick, slow, broken and trembling. And both hands will move to music and tap different rhythms. The movements include: both hands move in the line of a horizontal Arabic numeral "eight" and the upper body moves right and left as the hands move; two hands are crossed and tap the wine cups up and down,left and right while the body moves in the same direction; hands move in circles; both hands shake the wine cups at the secondor the eighth position of the stage when the body moves in the same direction with the hands and the line of sight moves in the opposite direction, that is to say, the ears follow whatever direction the wine cups are moving and listen to the sound; so-called circle movement: one hand hangs over the head while another hand moves in circles in front of the body; so-called horizontal swaying movement: both hands move to one side at the back, and the range of action is small around the hip, middle around thewaist and big when one hand is over the head and another hand is behind the waist. At the end of some movements or at the linking part of two movements, some beautiful and fantastic movements can be seen.
The lower body may kneel down or may be accompanied by various dance steps, such as round about steps. The head may carry a bowl or a lamp. As a mixture of toughness and gentleness, the dance appears graceful and simple and has lasting appeal. | <urn:uuid:e20f113a-014f-4c94-ba2f-35ea97bb733d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.china.org.cn/english/China/218207.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.948816 | 356 | 2.46875 | 2 |
It’s been a year of celebrations for London Underground, which this year enjoyed its 150th anniversary. And now LU has another reason to celebrate, after claiming the prestigious Operator of the Year accolade at the 2013 National Rail Awards.
Organised by RAIL, the NRA celebrates the very best of Britain’s railways. This year, the top award goes to an operator that has achieved several record-breaking feats.
In the period covered by the judging, LU recorded its best ever service, with record levels of reliability despite having to meet the highest ever demand for trains. Customer satisfaction has also reached a new high.
At 1.21 billion journeys, LU recorded its highest ever number of passengers (up to four million passengers per day, and up 3.7 % on the previous year). Its trains covered 75.8 million train kilometres, up almost 5% on the year before. It recorded its lowest ever excess journey time (LU’s key measure for recording delays experienced by customers). And overall reliability has improved by 40% since 2007/2008.
The world’s first underground railway opened in 1863, and throughout 2013 events have been held to mark this achievement, all meticulously planned.
So long thought of as an archaic, creaking network of old, smelly trains and unreliable infrastructure, LU is changing those perceptions through a massive investment in trains and infrastructure.
There was also the small matter of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, which saw millions of people descend on the nation’s capital over a six-week period in the late summer of 2012. The Tube was instrumental in ensuring spectators got to the various venues around London.
All eyes were on London when the Olympics arrived. There were plenty of predictions that the capital’s transport system would create havoc through poor performance, but that did not prove to be the case. Indeed, its performance earned praise from Prime Minister David Cameron.
LU appreciated the need to ensure a reliable service, at a time when more passengers would be carried than ever before. Additional ‘peak periods’ would have to be factored in, because of the number of events being held across London throughout the day, and because of the late times that events finished at the Olympic Park in Stratford.
It was essential to optimise the number of services running, and LU engaged staff and passengers to ensure that it could manage the additional demand effectively, and make sure everything ran like clockwork.
LU Managing Director Mike Brown personally led 120 events to engage all 16,000 members of staff, in advance of what LU called “the biggest delivery challenge in our history”. Additional ‘Walk the Torch’ events were also held, to maintain focus and enthusiasm for the challenge facing LU through the period.
Staff feedback was extremely positive, but customer feedback was even better.
Anonymous comments included: “I just wanted to thank all of the staff at Stratford station last night, who were super efficient and cheerful despite the hour and number of people. They ensured we were out of the stadium from the closing ceremony and back at our car in Bond Street within 25 minutes - so organised, so in control, so made an excellent end to a memorable evening. All-round brilliant service from TfL throughout the games - thank you!”
One passenger told LU: “Just wanted to say the platform guard/announcer at Victoria in the mornings, who gives a run-down of the Olympic events each day and sends the drivers on their way with an ‘on your marks, get set, go’, is brilliant. He’s bringing a smile to lots of people’s faces in the mornings, including mine. Fantastic!”
Another read: “The station staff at Sudbury Hill really made those of us who worked throughout the Olympics feel a part of it - from the pictures of athletes decorating the station, the whiteboard with first the countdown to the flame arriving locally (with all the details), to the GB medal tally daily, and now starting the Paralympics countdown, they have brought a smile to my face every day. Well done them!”
Throughout the Games LU delivered more services for longer periods, to meet demand and to get spectators to and from events across the capital. It ran an hour later every day during the Games, and two hours later for the Opening Ceremony. There were also earlier starts on weekends, to ensure spectators could attend the first events of the day.
Additional peak services ran on the Jubilee, Central and District Lines, with bespoke timetables in place that best met the demand anticipated on a particular day.
A comprehensive communications programme was implemented that was designed to work closely with passengers in advance of and during the Games, to help manage demand at key times and to ensure people reached their destinations.
Over the six-week Games period, around 4,000 non-operational staff volunteered for 275,000 shifts as Travel Ambassadors, while 6.64 million train kilometres were additionally operated throughout the period - that equates to enough extra capacity for 14 million passenger journeys. LU carried a new record of 4.5 million passengers in one day.
But it was not just for the Olympics that LU deserves credit. With an infrastructure that largely dates from the Victorian period (it was the first Metro railway to be built), it has achieved, in the past year:
Highest ever number of passengers - on track to carry 1.215 billion journeys (around 80% of the rest of the entire national rail network).
Highest amount of service delivered, as measured by kilometres operated (forecast at 75.8 million km - almost 5% more than the year before).
Highest percentage of services successfully delivered - 97.2% of scheduled kilometres.
Highest customer satisfaction - 82% for the year, and highs of 84% and up to 85% at key times such as during the 2012 Games.
Lowest ever excess journey time (LU’s key measure for recording delays experienced by customers).
Overall, reliability (as measured by lost customer hours) has improved by 40% since 2007/08, with a strong record of reducing delay over the past ten years (see graph). But LU says it will not stop there - it plans to deliver a further 30% improvement by 2015, using a range of innovative measures.
LU operates a complex network of 11 integrated Tube lines that connect with all other modes of transport in England’s capital. Some 530 trains operate in the peaks, serving 270 stations across London and beyond.
The plan is to upgrade the network to increase reliability and provide new services where possible. And this plan is already delivering significant results - evident from the amount of services LU has operated over the past 12 months, with improvements such as the Victoria and Jubilee Line upgrades.
The Jubilee Line now has a third more capacity, with every passenger journey two minutes shorter than before. On the Victoria Line, in the peaks LU can operate one of the highest frequencies in the world (33 trains per hour).
Weekend services on the Victoria Line have increased from 21 to 24 trains per hour, while passengers are benefiting from the new higher-capacity trains that were first introduced in 2009.
The new Victoria Line trains are also more accessible for disabled passengers, with wider doors and more spaces for wheelchair users, on-board audio and visual electronic information for hard of hearing and visually impaired passengers, and CCTV in every carriage. All new trains also include regenerative braking, so more energy is recycled.
As part of the continuous improvement plan, LU has introduced a new train fleet on the Metropolitan Line - the eight-car S-Stock trains built by Bombardier.
The new trains were the first ever air-conditioned and ‘walk through’ Tube trains, with enhanced accessibility including a lower train floor to give better platform to train access for customers with impaired mobility. They replaced trains dating from 1960/1962.
Similar S-Stock trains, known as ‘S7s’ because they are seven-car formations, are being introduced on the Hammersmith & City Line. Although shorter than their Metropolitan Line stablemates, the ‘S7s’ still have more vehicles than the trains they are replacing, giving passengers more room. Some platforms have also been extended in time for these trains to run.
After the judging period, but before RAIL’S National Rail Awards was held on September 19, LU was also able to introduce ‘S7s’ on both the Circle and District Lines.
LU continues to look for further ways to improve the customer experience. To this end it has worked with Virgin Media to introduce WiFi progressively at key stations. By April 2013, WiFi was available at 120 stations.
It also continues to enhance the travelling environment and make journeys more pleasant through an ongoing and popular art programme Art on the Underground, and through initiatives such as the ‘stations in bloom’ competition, which enhances the ambience at stations. The latter encourages staff to have pride in their station and network, with an annual competition to find the best ‘gardens’ created by staff in their own time.
In the year ahead, new trains will continue to be introduced on the Hammersmith & City, Circle and District Lines, while signalling upgrades for the Sub-Surface lines are due for completion in 2018.
Meanwhile, on the Northern Line, new signalling went live for the first time on part of the High Barnet branch, in advance of the completion of the line’s upgrade next year.
LU is also continuing to develop plans for the next phase of improvements, to ensure that the Piccadilly, Bakerloo, Central and Waterloo & City Lines - some of which currently use very old equipment - get their renewal as well.
LU says: “All our plans have our customers at their heart - be it increasing capacity, making journeys faster, upgrading technology, or finding innovative ways to make journeys more interesting and improving the environment.
“2012/13 has been a very significant year for us, with many successes and milestones reached - the highlights of which are the 2012 Games, Diamond Jubilee and our very special anniversary.
“But we remain totally focused on the task at hand - to continuously improve the services we provide our customers, and to evolve with their evolving needs.”
With that in mind, who is to say LU cannot defend its NRA crown in the future? | <urn:uuid:21babfdf-8fb1-4eef-9b1a-ca59a9cbbb72> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.railmagazine.com/infrastructure/light-rail/underground-overjoyed | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.969578 | 2,158 | 1.71875 | 2 |
She called me because she was confused about her next step in her career.
Miriam, a 32-year-old mother of 4, used to work as a personal trainer in a gym. But then she took a few years off to be with her children. Now she is really eager to get back into the work world and she asked me to help her weigh her options.
The discussion went something like this:
MIRIAM: “What I’ve always wanted to do is be a therapist. I’ve always loved to talk to people like that and help them. A friend of mine is doing one of these 1-year training programs where you can get your counseling diploma quick, and I’m thinking about doing the same.”
ME: “That sounds interesting. What is your main goal for your career? Is it to help people, self expression, to make money?”
MIRIAM: “Of course I want to help people, but I need to earn money. I feel so insecure knowing that I’m not helping support my family right now. We need the money, and we are going to need it even more in the future. I know of therapists who are earning $200 an hour. Of course, I don’t expect to earn that much in the early days. Maybe just $60-$70 an hour.”
ME: “That may be possible but I think it can be difficult to attract clients.”
MIRIAM: “I realize that and I don’t expect to walk into a full-time practise. If I had just 10 clients a week, I’d be doing great. Even 5 clients a week would be just fine. I’d be earning $1,400 a month for 20 hours work. That’s more than I earned from personal training!”
ME: “Ummm… Did you enjoy personal training? Did you have good clients?”
MIRIAM: “Yes, I enjoyed it and I liked my clients. But it’s not really what I want to do with my life! I’ve always felt drawn to therapy.”
What would you advise Miriam to do?
Personally I’m quite confused here. There is a part of me that wants to cheer as everyone runs off into the sunset in pursuit of their career destiny. I’d like to be fondly remembered as “one of the few people who believed in me.”
On the other hand, I’ve become Mrs-Realistic-and-Practical over the years. Having kids and a mortgage tends to have a sobering effect on even the most whimsical of dreamers.
But then again, who am I to poo-poo Miriam’s dreams of doing a quickie training program and becoming a sought-after, high-earning therapist? I’m not G-d. I’ve seen more unlikely twists than that in my own career. (One day I’ll tell you the story of how I accidently got hired as a translator by the Supreme Court of Israel while doing my homework for a translation certificate course 🙂 )
Naomi’s Rule of Parnasa Pitfalls
I’ve talked to many “Miriams” in my adventures advising people about their parnasa. I am always respectful of the process that each person needs to go through before making a decision. That takes real effort for me. So often people I talk to are choosing between a career option or business opportunity in which they have a high chance of earning a good parnasa, and “what they always wanted to do,” but they lack profesional experience and reliable parnasa potential.
Business ideas involving music, art, creative writing, coaching, alternative healing and “lite” forms of therapy most often play on people’s deeper dreams for making a difference in the world.
Yet, as a rule of thumb, I tend to shy away from any profession that forces you to go-it-alone, with no salaried career oppurtunities to help you through those tough initial stages. These are NOT great for someone who needs to earn real money any time in the next five years. (And forget about MLMs and GRQs – I don’t have any compunction warning people away from them.)
So please don’t tell anyone but I’m secretly biased towards the more solid, “boring” career options. (Unless, of course, you don’t need money. In that case, go for it!)
“But what about my passions?” You may ask me. “What about my dreams?”
Well, I would be the last person on earth to tell you to ignore your dreams, creative talents and passions. They are a gift from G-d, a source of vitality and pleasure for you. However, if you are like most people, your deepest dreams and passions are hard to make money from (or, as we say in the world of the Web, they’re hard to monetize).
Meanwhile, G-d created an imperative to put bread on the table for our families. This seems to be a clear message that working in a job that can earn a decent income is a major priority.
But don’t worry about neglecting your life’s dreams.
They won’t go away.
They will always be with you, tugging at your soul with a yearning to fulfill them.
And though they seem to fade at times, I’ve noticed that they always come back eventually!
But I Hate My Job!
I know from experience that it can be torture to do work that you don’t enjoy. If you hate your work, it’s time to think about a change. Most people I know who are successful with Parnasa are doing lucrative work that they enjoy, or even love. But if you ask them what their true life passion is, they will tell you: “Well, actually it’s making music… or feeding the hungry… or learning Torah… or writing poetry… or energy healing… or counseling people on a crisis hotline.”
They do what they love, the money follows, and they fulfill their life’s purpose on the side.
When living this way, there is always a danger that you will neglect your passion due to the pressures and demands of your paid job, or other responsibilities.
It’s up to you to carve out the time and resouces you need to nurture your dreams. If you are already overstretched, sometimes a pick-axe may be required to do this successfully. But it is possible.
Personally I have found other secret benefits to keeping my dreams on the sidelines. My main income comes from Yes Potential, a website buiding and marketing company. I really enjoy my work and I’m maybe even a bit obsessed with it, but it is not my passion in life.
What is my real passion in life? Probably my deeper dreams lie in some unidentified territory between writing, public speaking, creative brainstorming, personal development, inspiring people and saving the world. Like most passions, it’s fluid and intangible and not the kind of thing you ever see in a job description.
So meanwhile, I prefer to earn my living from building websites. This has two big benefits:
- I’m not desperate for clients or earnings. Nothing ruins your passion for your passion like a desperate need to succeed in it, or failure in your attempts to make it “successful.” When it comes to your dreams, your success should be measured by the quality of the experience and not profits.
- I can do my own thing. In my work as a web marketer, I’m constantly bowing to the requests, opinions and trends of my clients and the market. That’s fine and normal. But my passion is sacred to me and so much a part of me, and I would hate to have to “fake it” in order to succeed. This way I can live my passion on my own terms, since I do not need other people to notice me, approve of me, or pay me (though I love it when they do).
“Do what you love and the money will follow,” is famous career guidance advice you hear all the time.
I totally agree. Pursue work that you love, that interests you, that you find fascinating and fun… but it doesn’t have to be your lifelong dream and passion.
In my opinion, you’re better off it’s not.
Do you agree? | <urn:uuid:c568c7af-f6f3-4e3a-b88e-b98e46d87687> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://myparnasa.com/if-you-do-what-you-love/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00251-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965221 | 1,853 | 1.5 | 2 |
Sometimes goals are used as an excuse to actually avoid changing.
At first blush that sounds counter intuitive, doesn’t it? We set up goals or resolutions in order to change and improve ourselves. But, after some discussion I’ve been having with a client, I realized that we set some goals up, as excuses to avoid making change. It might not be consciously or intentional, but even so, we’re doing it.
As an example, suppose we have family members who are on our backs about losing weight or quitting smoking. We might not want to (even though we know they’re right) or we might not be ready or we might not believe we can accomplish our goals. So, in order to avoid dealing with the hassle of our family, we throw our hands up over our head and say, “Fine! I’ll lose the weight!” Then, we set up such an unrealistic goal that it’s virtually impossible to accomplish it so after a short while we can quit. When people say, “What happened?” We can say, “I tried. What else can I do?” and hopefully get them off our back. (To read a humorous post about use of the word “trying,” follow this link.)
In an earlier post I wrote about a “composite client” who I felt was making goals that were so large, he was setting himself up for failure. He has repeated “tried” (there’s that word again) to lose weight but has never move very far along his path. To help him out, I asked him to be more specific in his goals and to make smaller steps. In an update to me, he said: | <urn:uuid:852529cf-3fe2-47a1-acbf-29d5656d6a67> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thistimeimeanit.com/tag/journals | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00079.warc.gz | en | 0.983401 | 368 | 2 | 2 |
Great souls are remembered by those they leave behind, for what is left behind goes not to waste – they are bright gems for those to come.
Azeezat Johnson, a brave and heroic author and an anti-racist geographer, passed away on the 7th of March 2022. An unimaginable loss for family, friends and colleagues. Her family tweeted ‘Indeed, to Allah (ﷻ) we belong and to Allah (ﷻ) we shall return’ Inna lillahi wa Inna ilayhi rajioon (إِنَّا لِلَّٰهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُون). As I read on, my eyes welled up and my heart became heavy. She was a ‘sister, aunt and friend’ to all who knew her – but why did my own heart feel so much pain? We never met, yet I feel like I have lost a sister, someone I was learning so much from. A sister I looked up to and aspired to be like, one I had so many questions for. Who will I learn from now? She was saying and writing all that I felt in my heart – powerfully entering senseless spaces of prejudice and discrimination, obliterating parameters constructed to breed racism and Islamophobia. Even so, I write this piece with love and care, so those who are familiar with Azeezat’s work will gleam with joy – and those who are not, will discover: who is this inspirational luminary?
I had just been reading extracts from Azeezat’s co-edited book The fire now: Anti-racist scholarship in times of explicit racial violence and her shared website written pieces for Geographies of Embodiment Research Collective (https://gemcollective.org/), when it occurred to me to get in touch with her. As I opened my Twitter account, I was shocked to find out that Azeezat had passed away. I could not reach out to anyone who knew her to sooth the pain and shock I found myself in. My lack of connections in the spaces she glowed in was apparent. I turned to my mother, only she could comfort me at that moment, so I cried in her arms and said ‘Ammi (mother), I was going to contact Azeezat, but …inna lillahi wa inna ilahi rajioon’.
My mother comforted me and said, ‘great souls are remembered through their sadaqa jariyah’. In Islam sadaqa jariyah is charity which is not always material/monetary – it can be in the form of education, that continues to benefit mankind not only in the here and now, but in years to come beyond death – with rewards seen on Earth and in the Hereafter, bestowed by Allah (ﷻ), for the charity giver and all who benefit. So, I believe that Azeezat’s work will benefit not only those who are here now, but those who are yet to be born – especially women from every race/ethnicity and religion.
Azeezat brought a deeper meaning to the discussions around the geographies experienced by Black Muslim women. For me personally, as a Muslim woman living in Britain from the Pakistani heritage, her work gave me hope that there is a narrative beyond the fragile white privileged one we are sometimes forced to accept – or become accustomed to. Azeezat offered a reflective account of what it means to be a Black feminist in academia, beyond the White/Western feminist narrative. This is brave and very difficult at times, especially if you enter spaces where you are looked upon as the ‘other’ or ‘different’. It is not always easy to show courage, sometimes you just want to scream out loud and say: the ‘other’ to who, or ‘different’ to what? Why is there a norm to conform to?
What amazed me most was her rationale for her PhD thesis, which was completed at University of Sheffield – a university with an impressive association with important anti-racist scholars, such as Muna Abdi (@Muna_Abdi_Phd). Azeezat clearly identifies in her writing that Black Muslim women are homogenised into the categorized group of either Black or Muslim, therefore not seen as an intersectional existence which changes the lived experience of the actual Black Muslim woman narrative. Her works places emphasis on the clothing practices of Black Muslim women and the hostility they may face living in Britain and beyond its national borders. Experiences in the airport are perhaps another blog. I often think to my myself, it is so exhausting defending the hijab/niqab/veil. My take on this issue is: oh you, with your disapproving gaze, let us be. Why should I tell you why I wear what I wear – surely it is my choice?
As I embark on my own doctoral studies based on conceptualising anti-racism and decoloniality in school geography, I feel Azeezat’s work resonates with my own. Her work on social geography are based on her interests in discussions about intersectional approaches to Black (and) Muslim geographies which resist and confront the marginalisation of Black women. This work is praised for its capabilities to unpack ‘how whiteness is neutralised within spaces of power and how that impacts everyday lived experiences, particularly for Black Muslim women’ (https://www.qmul.ac.uk/geog/staff/johnsona.html ). It is ground-breaking and inspirational not only for Black Muslim women, but also schools and institutions who struggle to address issues of racism (and) islamophobia through meaningful discussions/training on inclusion, diversity and equality as well as equity. These are important aspects of the racialised/homogenised Black Minority Ethnic (BME) lived experiences for institutions (commercial and public/government) to consider fully, not a mere tick box to show that there is an EDI (Equality, Diversity and Inclusion) task force in place.
Just reading through her twitter account you can see and feel the impact she had on all who knew her. She is a major loss to the Geography community, for her work was unique and inspirational. Azeezat was described by colleagues as a ‘remarkable person in so many ways’ (@AlastairHackney) and some joined Azeezat’s family and loved ones for her Jinazza (funeral) to express their condolences on behalf of her University, Queen Mary University of London. I also studied geography (BA) at the same university, so I had planned a visit which did not materialise. It was evident that Azeezat was ‘a bright & brilliant mind and soul’ (@jonorcup) and touched so many people with her critical contribution to the discipline of geography and beyond. Deepest condolences tweets were shared on her twitter account, one describing her as a ‘bright light in this world and an inspiration to so many’ (@mcneilwillson). No doubt, the academic world was devastated and shared their sadness, as this is a ‘great loss to Geography, feminism and humanity (@ParvatiRaghuram). The GEM collective wrote: ‘”stars don’t shine, they burn” and Azeezat burned so fiercely, so brightly, and will continue to do so for all of us who loved her’ (@gem_collective).
The picture that accompanies this article is of a star, which I painted in honour and gratitude of her soul and Azeezat’s short time on this Earth – the light shone bright مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّٰهُ, something I could not capture. I took inspiration for the painting from Azeezat’s work beautifully transpired in the GEM Research Collective – where a an amazing community of scholars exercise their desire to demand and embody liberation in a space free from the discriminatory gaze. They have successfully built a ‘different reality’ that refuses to isolate their embodiment of experiences from their engagement and production of critical scholarship. As a research community, GEM aim to make their ‘lives more livable’, as do I and many others who might look like us. Through the reconstruction of knowledge production, this space seeks to ask questions that are yet to be explored. For me, their statements pierce the heart to enable the trapped flow of hurt and suffocation caused by being treated like the ‘other’ in a place I always called ‘home’ – Europe, Great Britain, United Kingdom or England.
A warm thank you for reading this reflection, it comes from the heart. Azeezat’s life mattered, her work mattered and her legacy will matter. I was looking for an excuse to visit and meet this wonderful scholar, sadly this remains a wish that did not come to pass. Allah (ﷻ) grant her Janatul Firdous (the highest level of Heaven). Ameen.
Iram Sammar has taught geography, and is currently completing a PhD in anti-racist geography education at the UCL Institute of Education. This post was originally published on her personal blog here. | <urn:uuid:dabd7a68-88ce-49e6-a84e-fe303de951b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://decolonisegeography.com/blog/2022/03/azeezat-johnson-in-memoriam/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.966005 | 1,951 | 2 | 2 |
In this course students will explore components of product differentiation through branding, packaging, and consumer storytelling. Students will investigate various techniques to create a distinct and memorable brand-and to understand the difference between an effective food brand and a commodity product. Brand values, product definition, competitive positioning, and consumer narrative will be broken down with the goal of learning to build long-term success and gain a loyal consumer following. Students will identify and develop a brand strategy that illustrates the brand or company's core values, is true to a mission, and demonstrates a solid understanding of a product line's positioning within the competitive market.
Concept Building, Proving, Prototyping (MFBS-545) | <urn:uuid:bc79ba4a-6e5b-4f43-8f3a-ddb53c2d94e3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://catalog.ciachef.edu/food-business/mfbs555 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.897522 | 145 | 3.5 | 4 |
The key to financial success for any business is choosing the right projects to pursue at the right time, for the right price and with the right financing structure. Your role as a manager includes participating in decisions about which projects make sense for the company and are likely to return a profit.
To do so, there are six concepts you need to understand: net present value, internal rate of return, payback period, discounted payback period, profitability index, and equivalent annual cost. Non-financial managers need to be conversant in how each of these concepts work to be able to offer valuable insight and expertise.
Working through the examples in this course using both a financial calculator and popular spreadsheet applications will help you practice applying the tools and strategies, and will set you up to make project decisions that lead to growth and profitability.
* Participants in this course need one of the two financial calculators below.
- Hewlett-Packard 12C, or
- Texas Instruments BA II Plus
Both calculators are available at most office supply stores and from a variety of online sources. There is also a Texas Instruments BA II Plus app for iPhone and iPad , which meets the calculator requirement for this course. | <urn:uuid:5e5cf9b9-e77e-4af1-b64d-606db4dd6c43> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ecornell.com/courses/financial-management/making-capital-investment-decisions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00228-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92009 | 242 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Face detection is one of the sub-areas of Computer Vision that aims to detect people’s faces in images or videos. Smartphones and digital cameras use these features to improve the quality of photos by placing a rectangle around the faces of the detected people. This type of application has gained considerable relevance in security systems, in which it is necessary to identify whether there are people in an environment for the alarm to be triggered. In this context, it is important that the system knows how to differentiate a person from a cat, so that the alarm does not ring unnecessarily.
In this free course we will use the Python language, OpenCV and Dlib library, which are one of the most used today for digital image processing. You will learn step by step how to detect people’s faces in images and also in the webcam! In addition, we will have a bonus in which we will implement the detection of other objects, such as eyes, cars, clocks and even the full body of people! We will send a picture and the algorithm will identify the presence of these objects! The good point is that OpenCV and Dlib have native features for this task, which makes development quite fast and with few lines of code! Below you can see some of the topics you are going to learn:
You are going to learn the basic intuition of the following algorithms: Haarcascade, HOG (Histograms of Oriented Gradients) and CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks). Also, we will perform some tests in order to compare the results of each one, so you can see what is the best algorithm to be applied to your custom projects. | <urn:uuid:f7e454f1-5cca-4de9-8500-2640a6374e3a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.coursedee.com/100-off-computer-vision-masterclass/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.953351 | 335 | 3.59375 | 4 |
Beskrivelse: Much of the New Testament was written in urban settings, in which the Christian communities had to deal head-on with issues such as race, equality, justice, sexuality, money, and economics. But much of today's apologetics (engagement with the questions that people are asking about Christianity) come from suburban churches and academic studies. Urban believers-those who live and minister in America's inner cities-often face unique issues, not often addressed by the larger Christian community. These questions aren't neat or easy to answer but need to be addressed by applying biblical truth in the culture and challenges of urban life.Author Chris Brooks has ministered for years in the urban environment as well as received extensive theological training. In Urban Apologetics, he seeks to connect the riches of the Christian apologetic tradition with the issues facing cities-such as poverty, violence, and broken families. He brings an urban rhythm and sensitivity to the task of demonstrating the relevance of faith and the healing truth that Christ provides.
- kr. 219,95 | <urn:uuid:eea3d7e1-bf69-40c3-952a-a3945e8f7d2d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.saxo.com/dk/urban-apologetics_christopher-w-brooks_epub_9780825479694 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00506-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952615 | 215 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Articles on Talmidaism
Creed or no creed?
The world of Israelite religion has always had an aversion to any firm statement of belief that has been written for all time in stone. For all the varieties of Judaism, there have never been any official creeds (although Maimonides made a general statement of thirteen principles of faith, and Karaite Jews have a declaration of faith).
If someone wants to know in a few short statements, how you differ from other groups – what makes you distinctive – then out of necessity you have to make a list of what you consider to be non-negotiable in what you believe.
Consider this: when you are involved in politics in a democratic society, it goes without saying that you will put out some kind of statement which outlines where you stand on various issues. Then you have to tell your members, “If you want to join our party, you must sign up to – and be prepared to defend – these policies.”
In the days when it was very difficult to leave a religion (because of family and societal pressures), forcing belief upon people was a very big issue; if you could not leave your religion to join a group which shared your views, inevitably you would be expected to uphold beliefs and values that your conscience was opposed to.
Nowadays, those pressures no longer exist for people who live in democratic, pluralistic societies. For this reason, we think it is fair – and honest – to have a core statement which outlines the essential features of one’s religion.
After all , in the world of politics, in the Conservative party (UK) or Republican party (USA), it would be unacceptable for a fully paid-up member to begin advocating state-control over all aspects of the economy. Such a person has the complete and total freedom to leave the party, and go and join the Communists.
So it should also be with religion. Those who disagree with the group they currently belong to, should be free to leave, and join a group with whom they have much more in common.
Having a core statement of beliefs and principles, can be beneficial to all parties:
*anyone who wishes to join, is informed beforehand of what the group stands for;
*any individual is fully aware of the boundaries of that group’s set of beliefs.
The existing traditions of the Way are quite diverse. However, there are some essential core points that are common to all Talmidi groups:
- that we worship, serve and pray to YHVH alone
- that YHVH is one, without form or incarnation
- that YHVH chose Israel to be an eternal witness to His holiness and power
- that the relationship between YHVH and Israel is by means of a Covenant
- that YHVH alone is our Saviour and Redeemer, and we do not give honour or glory to anyone else
- that we consider the Hebrew Bible alone as our written source of authority
- that our way of life is based on the one outlined in the Torah and the Prophets
- that we do not consider the Oral Law to have been given by YHVH, but that it is a collection of human decisions and traditions
- that we consider Yeshua` of Nazareth to have been a Jewish prophet
- that he was fully human; neither divine, nor the Son of God, nor the messiah
- that Ya`aqov the Pious (‘James the Just’) was the first leader of the community of Yeshua`’s followers, not Shim`on Keyfa (Simon Peter)
- that we do not accept the authority of the teachings of Paul of Tarsus
- that we reject Kabbalah and any belief in reincarnation
These are the main, basic tenets to which all Followers of the Way adhere to.
Please navigate through the articles under ‘The essentials of Talmidi belief’ to see in more detail what Followers of the Way teach and believe. | <urn:uuid:82d68f4c-48fd-42cd-9a7a-8f45e7a234f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://talmidi.co.il/articles-on-talmidaism/creed-or-no-creed/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.964107 | 844 | 2.625 | 3 |
So do you know what is actually sugar? – Depression, acne, diabetes, infertility, dementia, heart diseases. This doesn’t sound sweet as the sugar.
It is proven that the average American has around 152 pounds of sugar intake every year. Also it is proven that the average American woman weighs about 167lbs and average American man weighs 195, 5 pounds. To compere, in 1960s American man weighed around 167lbs and the average American woman 141lbs.
This is devastating.
152 pounds of sugar a year equals 22 teaspoons every day. What is even more alarming, children consume about 34 teaspoons a day which makes 1 in 4 teens pre-diabetic. Flour and refined sugar cause inflammation, have no nutrition values and increase the blood sugar level. Scientists from Harvard discovered that a high-sugar milkshake increases blood sugar levels, insulin production and the sugar craving centers in the brain.
The Big 10
600 people tried out Mark Hyman, M.D.’s diet and succeeded in losing 4,000 pounds in 10 days. This diet is effective as it prevents cravings. Dr. Hyman made this diet plan with foods which act against sugar addiction and which will reset your brain and body so you will be able to give up sugar and regain a healthy lifestyle.
10-Day Detox Diet
You will need 1o days to make sugar detox and clean your body from refined carbs.
Decide To Detox
In his book Mark Hyman advises people to answer several questions and find out if they need sugar detox. If the answer is yes to any of those questions, then you should do sugar detox after which you will feel better and lose extra pounds.
To stop physiological addictions you just need to simply stop. For example, alcoholic cannot have “just one more drink”- you must go cold turkey. Just stop consuming all forms of sugar, artificial sweeteners and flour products as well- as all of them slow down the metabolism, store fat and increase cravings. If you can, try to avoid foods that are packed in boxes, as a package or in cans that have label. Instead consume raw, whole and fresh food.
Don’t Drink Your Calories
“Any form of liquid sugar calories is worse than solid food with sugar or flour,” says Dr. Hyman. It’s like putting sugar straight to your liver. Juices, sports drinks, sodas, and sweetened teas and coffees contain more sugar calories than sugary foods.
It is proven that one can of soda a day increases a kid’s risk of being obese by 60 percent and a woman’s risk of type 2 diabetes by 80 percent.
Protein is useful in balancing blood sugar level as they are carb-free” source of energy. So, you can have egg or protein shake for breakfast. You also should consume fish, seed, nuts, chicken or meat from grass- feed animals. Protein will make you feel satiated longer as it is digested more slowly.
Unlimited (Good) Carbs
Are you familiar with the fact that most of the vegetables are actually carbs? You can consume all of them except sweet potatoes, beets, potatoes and winter squash. But you can eat a lot of greens, kale, peppers, mushrooms, broccoli, cauliflower, tomatoes, zucchini, asparagus, green beans and artichokes within those 10 days.
Fight Sugar With Fat
Fat will not make you fat but rather full. Additionally, it will balance blood sugar level and is crucial part of your cellular structure. Consume good fats within every meal lie seeds and nuts, extra virgin oil, coconut butter, fish and avocados, as they will prevent you from thinking of sugar.
Prepare For Emergencies
People often consume fast food and other unhealthy products especially when their blood sugar level drops. So, Dr. Hyman advises people:
“You need an Emergency Life Pak. I have one with me all the time, filled with protein, good fats, and good snacks so I never have to make a bad choice. Here’s what’s in mine: Packets of Artisana nut butters and coconut butter, almonds, walnuts, pumpkin seeds, salmon jerky or turkey jerky, a can of wild salmon or sardines and unsweetened wild blueberries.”
Distress or De-Stress?
The stress hormone is cortisol and due to this hormone you feel hungry all the time. This leads to fat storage and type 2 diabetes. Some experts claim that taking deep breaths activate the vague nerve which shifts metabolism from fat storage to fat burning and will quickly help you to relax. Just try Dr. Hyman’s Five Deep Breaths exercise;
“Simply take five slow deep breaths – in to the count of five, out to the count of five. Five times. That’s it. Do this before every meal. Watch what happens!”
Inflammation causes blood sugar imbalances, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Dairy and gluten are two hidden food sensitivities that most people have. Most people cannot give up these two allergens but you must try and after 10 days you will have more energy and you won’t have cravings as before.
A study was conveyed on students in which they were deprived of just 2 of the recommended 8-hours of sleep. This caused a rise in hunger hormones, appetite-suppressing hormones were reduced and excess need of refined sugar and carbs appeared. When you don’t sleep enough you feel cravings for sugar. That is why you need to sleep for 8 hours if you want to keep the sugar cravings at bay. | <urn:uuid:d8b87b0c-7334-473d-9490-e53d5106af24> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.healthyandnaturallife.com/the-10-day-sugar-detox-diet-to-reset-your-body-and-brain/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.942133 | 1,201 | 2.46875 | 2 |
NULL is a unique data element available within SQL. It reacts differently to conditional statements and may not always be apparent when the data is exported as a table. A NULL field does not contain any information. This is important to understand because a number column defaults to 0 and a character string would default to ‘’ or an empty character string. When NULL is exported to a report or to a table it may appear to be either of these however within SQL it is not. The NULL value cannot be compared with either 0 or ‘’ it will always return false. Because of this there are two special logical tests the first is ‘IS NULL’ which will return the row if the field is set to the NULL value. The second is ‘IS NOT NULL’ which will return the row if the field contains any value.
|IS NULL||field1 IS NULL||field1 must equal the special NULL value|
|IS NOT NULL||field1 IS NOT NULL||field1 does not equal the special NULL value|
There are several functions that work with NULL values. These special functions help the DBA control the output of the field that contains NULL. This means that the result is more predictable and less guess work is required when working with the dataset. The first function is ISNULL(field, default). This function will check the specified field to see if it is NULL. In the event that it is NULL the default value will be used instead. This allows the DBA to provide a consistent result when working with the data outside of SQL. The second is the NULLIF() which is the reverse of ISNULL(). The NULLIF() command takes two expressions which can be as simple as a field and a value or fully developed logical tests comparing multiple fields and values. However, using the syntax of NULLIF(field, 0) will return NULL if the field contains a 0. This is helpful because NULL is not included in math functions. The last function that can be used to affect NULL values is COALESCE(). This function takes a list of values which can be either fields or literal values. The function starts with the first argument on the left and checks to see if it is NULL. If it is NULL then it moves along the list until it finds a non-NULL value. If it reaches the end and only NULL values are found it will return NULL but if another value is provided last such as 0 or ‘’ that will force the function to return an expected DEFAULT value which should be used with this function.
|Function||SQL Server||MySQL||Oracle||PostgreSQL||Function Type||Return Data Type||Description|
|COALESCE(field1, field2, … , fieldN)||X||X||X||X||String||TEXT||Returns the first non-NULL value. If all values are NULL then NULL will be returned.|
|IFNULL(field, value)||X||NULL||varies||Same as ISNULL()|
|ISNULL(field, value)||X||NULL||varies||Returns second argument if the first IS NULL|
|NULLIF(field)||X||X||NULL||varies||Returns NULL if the first argument matches the second IS NOT NULL|
|NVL(field)||X||NULL||varies||Same as ISNULL()| | <urn:uuid:58bebbbe-0fa1-4653-8b59-0dc0a7ef3f17> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://developingby.me/sql-language-syntax/null-conditions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00391-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.829611 | 694 | 3.65625 | 4 |
December 10, 2009 -- As the U.S. Senate argues about how best to take over the American health care industry, it is worth taking a look at how government health insurance works here in Canada, where I live. Judging from popular opinion, one would think Canadian health care was great.
My fellow Canadians by and large love their single-payer, universal coverage, according to a recent Nanos Research poll
. Fully 80 percent of the 1,005 Canadians interviewed support universal health care, with another ten percent supporting it somewhat. A mere five percent were opposed or somewhat opposed, with the remaining five percent unsure.
A truly voluntary society would allow individuals to make their own decisions about health care.
Some people, though, are probably unaware of just how long waiting times are. They may not know anyone who has been seriously ill of late, or they may know someone who got lucky and waited “only” four weeks for heart surgery instead of an average eight (or an above-average twelve).
Conversely, many of those who do
realize how flawed our system is nonetheless believe that the alternative of free market care would be worse. They look south of the border, to the United States, and see a system that, while not as damaged as some maintain, has some very real problems. But strangely, they attribute these problems to the market. They ignore the fact that health care is one of the most regulated industries in the United States. Large parts of the system are already controlled by the government, providing coverage to the poor and elderly. More importantly, it is the American government itself that has caused the price of health insurance to skyrocket, although admittedly in somewhat convoluted ways. (See an earlier installment of this column
for more details.) Personally, I blame our schools, which do a terrible job of educating students about how market competition efficiently lowers costs while raising quality and promoting innovation.
Toward a Voluntary Society
In addition to these economic misunderstandings, though, many Canadians have been seduced—with language about society and solidarity—into glossing over the moral issue of force. Taxation is force. Government-funded health care is health care at the point of a gun. It is more flattering to one’s ego, however, to focus on one’s generosity than to focus on how one is willing to force others to be generous, too. Some are willing to bite this bullet, saying that everyone has an obligation to help others. But by what right does one person impose unchosen obligations on another? I have never gotten a satisfactory answer to this question. Most people would rather just talk about something else.
Health insurance to cover unpredictable and expensive illnesses or injuries is generally a good thing to have. The important point here is that not all good things should be provided by government. In fact, when governments decide what is good for us, they prevent individuals from making their own individual decisions
—for instance, decisions about how much and what specific kinds of insurance they want. More essentially, if every individual human being owns himself, then the initiation of force must be disallowed. Governments need to focus on their proper role, which is keeping the peace by defending the rights of individuals to live their lives as they see fit. Governments need to keep their hands off of everything else, lest they become guilty of the very harm they are entrusted to prevent: the initiation of force.
A truly voluntary society would not mandate what kinds of treatments must be covered by insurers, nor dictate that employers provide health coverage, nor subsidize employer-provided health care as against individual insurance, nor prevent interstate commerce—all measures that drive up the price of health insurance in the United States. A truly voluntary society would allow individuals to make their own decisions about health care, and about charitable giving. And a truly voluntary society would allow market actors to provide health care and health insurance. In so doing, that society would enjoy a system that was more flexible, more responsive, more affordable, more timely, and more innovative than any that currently exists anywhere on the planet. It would be both more just and more efficient, because unlike what we have been taught for millennia by just about every ethical system under the sun, the moral and the practical are actually one and the same. | <urn:uuid:8e095162-aa84-45f1-be5d-5b45b8500ee4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://atlassociety.org/commentary/commentary-blog/3629-do-canadians-enjoy-waiting-for-health-care | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00182-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972243 | 868 | 2.265625 | 2 |
The voices of Tax Policy Center's researchers and staff
Typically, TPC measures the impact of tax laws and proposals in terms of average tax rates. This gives a good measure of how taxes affect our pocketbooks, but economists also like to examine how taxes affect economic incentives. For that purpose, the effective marginal tax rate is most apt. That is, how much tax do we pay on an additional dollar of income. This is important because marginal rates affect the incentive to work that extra hour or to engage in tax avoidance.
My colleagues, Katie Lim and Jeff Rohaly, just released a fascinating analysis of how the presidential candidates' tax plans would affect marginal effective income tax rates on earnings. Katie and Jeff found that, on average, Obama's plan would leave marginal tax rates pretty much where they are now while McCain would cut them modestly. Although Obama would cut effective marginal rates for many more tax units than McCain (61 percent in 2009 vs. 20 percent), he'd also raise them on more taxpayers (15 percent vs. just 1 percent). Not surprisingly, the most dramatic difference is among those in the top brackets. On average, in 2009, Obama would raise effective tax rates on millionaires by almost 6 percentage points while McCain would leave them unchanged.
[Warning: The following gets a little technical. For non-economists, the upshot is that if we calculate marginal rates a different way, as suggested by Greg Mankiw, a Harvard prof who used to be President Bush's top economist, the comparison is more favorable to McCain. Caveats follow.]
When Greg Mankiw saw our study, he observed on his blog that average effective tax rates might not be the best way to measure the impact of taxes on economic welfare:
Katie calculated this interesting “Mankiw effective tax rate” in the following table.
The Mankiw measure shows about a 1-percentage point increase in rates in 2009 under the Obama proposal and a 1-percentage point decline under McCain. As Greg conjectured, the difference between the two plans is somewhat larger under this metric than the traditional measure (2.4 percent vs.1.5 percent).
There's a question about how to treat negative effective tax rates—as apply to low-income households eligible for refundable tax credits that phase in with earnings (such as the EITC, the child tax credit, or Senator Obama's proposed working families tax credit). The negative rates are subsidies, not taxes, but a squared -10 percent rate would look just like a squared +10 percent rate. This is the right answer if the concern is the distortion in the choice between labor and leisure. However, if there are good policy reasons to favor work over leisure, it might be misleading. For that reason, we also show the average rates setting negative marginal tax rates to zero. This modification doesn't change the qualitative conclusions, but both McCain's and Obama's effective rates are slightly smaller by this measure.
Here's the caveat. McCain's and Obama's plans raise different amounts of revenue. The long-term economic effect of the two plans depends on their impacts on the deficits (and, implicitly, future tax rates). For example, if you believe that Senator McCain will do a better job at controlling spending than Senator Obama, then the lower tax rates under his plan are likely to be more durable. If, as the Obama campaign claims, McCain would spend more because of his policies in Iraq and elsewhere, then Obama's plan might be better for the economy over the long run.
Thus, a calculation of the long-term economic effects depends critically on what happens to spending. The Tax Policy Center will be examining this very question in a forum on Friday at the Urban Institute. Click this link to register.
Posts and comments are solely the opinion of the author and not that of the Tax Policy Center, Urban Institute, or Brookings Institution. | <urn:uuid:84a1a01a-c725-4ecb-8e00-70e8de856208> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.taxpolicycenter.org/taxvox/candidates-marginal-tax-rates-and-economic-welfare | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.958951 | 792 | 2.5 | 2 |
At Fleetwood Primary School the wellbeing of children is what fuels our decision making.
Students Wellbeing & Safety
We believe that learning and wellbeing go hand in hand, as top priorities for a positive educational experience. With a small school and closed knit community setting, we seek to understand and support all children based on who they are. All children participate in a morning meeting each day where social and emotional concepts are discussed and explored through fun and interactive games. Predictability is also a focal point, ensuring children are always aware of what to expect in their day.
Our staff provide a compassionate, caring and encouraging backdrop to life at Fleetwood Primary School, from our Principal team being out on yard duty in the mornings, to our supportive integration aide team, our friendly and helpful admin staff and of course the skills and dedicated teaching team. We make it our priority to ensure children feel respected, children are safe, and children learn responsibility.
Lunchtime Clubs and Support Space
To support the children of Fleetwood Primary School we offer a range of extra curricular activities to suit individual interests. We are thankful for our amazing staff who help run these clubs each week. Kids, we are always looking for extra clubs to run, so let us know what else we should run!
Some of our clubs include:
- Drawing Club
- Lego Club
- Gaming Club
- Computer Club
- Chess Club
- Dance Club
- Board Games Club
- Soccer Club
We understand that all children are unique, and one size does not fit all.
We find a variety of ways to connect with children and provide situations that will help the them grow and succeed. Our grounds and maintenance staff play an active role in the community and are also positive adults the children are able to interact with on a regular basis. Children also enjoy a range of activities and responsibilities in the school library.
Some extra curricular activities children can be involved with include:
- School maintenance responsibilities like digging, shifting materials, moving computers
- Taking out and bringing in the school rubbish and recycling bins
- Gardening responsibilities like watering our plants
- Raising of the school flags
- Scanning returned books in the library | <urn:uuid:1a7d5e90-6c42-4f2a-9021-dd9017e4c570> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fleetwoodps.vic.edu.au/students-portal/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.95063 | 447 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Do you suffer from persistent, excessive, and distorted worry?
- Do you feel like anxiety is poisoning your life? Do you have unpredictable or exaggerated reactions to certain triggers?
- Do you struggle to relax the tension in your body?
- Do you lose sleep at night as your mind loops your “to do” list or spins “what if” scenarios? Do you have constant fear that something bad is going to happen?
You are not alone. Anxiety is the most common mental health disorder in the United States. Some with anxiety show few outward symptoms, but their minds churn with apprehension and worry. Others suffer from acute anxiety attacks, wherein anxiety literally overwhelms the body. Commonly, those who suffer from anxiety also have to cope with its physical manifestation: backaches, migraines, or digestive troubles. Anxiety is a prolonged state of alarm, usually triggered by some initial fear. Fear can be a healthy, self-preserving response. Anxiety is when fear does not turn off when a perceived danger is unfounded.
While depression tends to dwell in the past, anxiety is a forward-thinking disorder. Anxiety is an anticipatory emotional state. To the anxious mind, the future seems unpredictable, possibly dangerous, and uncontrollable.
Take a moment to ask yourself: what triggers my anxiety?
If you decide to pursue anxiety treatment, these triggers will be at the center of your healing work. It might take more than a moment of digging to uncover all your triggers, as some can be subconscious.
Each trigger usually has an origin story attached to it — often a trauma.
Sometimes these linkages are obvious. A client who had once been struck by lightning now has anxiety during storms. She was once in danger and now when she perceives a similar threat, her brain hijacks her thinking.
In other instances, our anxiety and our anxiety triggers stem from a deep insecurity that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) calls a core fear. Underneath all our bluster, we are struggling with core beliefs that we are unlovable, incapable, or unsafe. These core beliefs can be unconscious.
I will focus anxiety treatment with two modalities:
- Psychotherapy to heal unresolved traumas and core fears that underlie anxiety
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to reprogram the anxious mind with healthy thinking patterns
Most therapy offices provide Step 1), but few follow through with the practical solutions in Step 2). I prioritize results-based interventions. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy has been shown to be effective for 60-80% of anxiety disorders. This effectiveness increases when CBT is paired with psychotherapy work.
Reducing anxiety is a skill that can be learned like any other.
With a strong therapist-client partnership and outside resources to support our work, we can unlock the key to your healthy thinking. By the second session, we will have set Anxiety Goals and created a treatment plan.
Some part of every session will be used to correct present thinking patterns and workshop real life examples of anxiety distortions from your week. This will result in alleviation of immediate anxiety symptoms.
Every session will also tackle long-term anxiety patterns, and build practical coping skills for outside of the therapy room. Sessions will also include evidence-based exercises to train your brain towards recognizing and defeating negative thinking.
We’ll discuss different strategies that you can use outside of therapy as a plan for the week to address your symptoms. Different strategies may include deep breathing, mindful meditation, guided imagery, grounding, and progressive muscle relaxation. A strategy may not work immediately and that’s where the work of treatment takes place, the consistent, purposeful, dedicated application of strategies to ensure the best possible outcome. Anxiety Treatment is empirically supported to create real change in clients’ lives.
You may still have questions…
How long will it take to see results?
Like most things, the more you put in, the more you get out. Anxiety Treatment can move quickly with a willing and engaged client. This form of anxiety counseling may require a certain amount of work outside of session to achieve maximum efficacy, but the good news is that we will likely have fewer total sessions than traditional psychotherapy. Clients usually need between 8-20 sessions to reach long-lasting mental health goals, but initial improvements often come in the first month.
I can’t imagine my life without anxiety. What if treatment is ineffective?
Anxiety responds very well to treatment. If we make the choice to move away from anxious thinking, and are lucky enough to have skilled guidance along the way, anxiety will be reduced. The science is clear.
It is normal to be afraid to fundamentally change our anxious thinking. Life without significant anxiety might be hard to imagine because it becomes so ingrained in our way of being. We fear we will be less-than or unsafe without our anxiety. Sometimes our anxiety is actually helping us cope with some deeper sadness.
It is also right that a highly anxious person will never be able to fully purge this tendency. During treatment we will also learn to have self-compassion. Our anxious dispositions can be healed to the point of no longer sabotaging our happiness, but moments of crisis and life changes can still trigger a resurgence. Seeking treatment is all about gaining lifelong skills to manage anxiety.
Anxiety help is here.
If you would like to schedule an appointment or discuss your needs, contact me at 630-360-8416. Feel free to reach out by text or phone whenever is convenient. Or you can email me at [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:a233c2c9-6287-4c71-bee6-e4106da452f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lisakoehlerlcsw.com/services/anxiety/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.943668 | 1,132 | 2.390625 | 2 |
George Trevor is perhaps the most unassuming character of Resident Evil’s long history. Among the series’ absurd cast of bio-engineered mercenaries and steroid pumped special forces agents he is little more than a whisper on the wind, a faded echo of a faceless man. His relative obscurity is for good reason: Shinji Mikami, Resident Evil’s lead designer, cut Trevor’s storyline as the original game neared its 1996 release, citing a lack of time to fully develop the story. Apart from a few notes published in a Japanese-only book on the making of the game, Trevor’s narrative only reappeared 5 years later, in the 2002 Gamecube remake. Expanded into a second story, with its own haunting boss fights and concealed passages, it was an important addition to the classic survival horror.
George Trevor’s importance lies in his role—he is the architect of the Spencer Mansion, that decaying piece of mock-victorian masonry on the outskirts of Raccoon City in which the entirety of Resident Evil is set. He is the man who orchestrated the mansion’s ornate puzzles, hidden passages and twisted corridors. In the fiction of the game, he is its designer, a cipher constructed to explain away why this so-called house is more like a maze, a dark labyrinth of yellowing wallpaper and dust-choked chandeliers. In a game where character confrontations are confined to passing exposition spaced liberally among hour upon hour of empty corridor stalking, Trevor is also the character with whom the player has the most significant, if indirect, interaction. His whimsical ground plan for the mansion is the ultimate object of mastery for the player—once it is mapped, understood and exploited, the game becomes distinctly easier. That is the duplicity of Resident Evil: the feeling of both observing the game’s ornate architecture and the experience of forging a path through it first hand.
Maze-treaders, whose vision ahead and behind is severely constricted and fragmented, suffer confusion, whereas maze-viewers who see the pattern whole, from above or in diagram, are dazzled by its complex artistry. What you see depends on where you stand, and thus, at one and the same time, labyrinths are single (there is one physical structure) and double: they simultaneously incorporate order and disorder, clarity and confusion, unity and multiplicity, artistry and chaos. They may be perceived as a path (a linear but circuitous path to a goal) or as a pattern (a complete symmetrical design) […] Our perception of labyrinths is thus intrinsically unstable: change your perspective and the labyrinth seems to change.
– Penelope Reed Doob, the Idea of the Labyrinth
The duplicity of Resident Evil’s design is the same duplicity as that of the labyrinth. To use Mary Reed Doob’s terms, the game casts the player as both “maze-viewer” and “maze-treader.” The Spencer Mansion is a maze you can plan a route through, room by room, from the confines of your map. In this phase the game offers order, clarity. But step outside of a safe room and confusion sets in, fear and disorder picking at your self-consciousness. This is a piece of architecture that satisfies as both path and pattern, but, as with any two-faced entity, the game’s labyrinth is not to be trusted.
This is not a unique piece of game design: Metroid Prime and Castlevania: Symphony of the Night stand as highpoints of a similar experience. However, their settings are what differentiates them from Resident Evil. The cavernous science-fiction and fantasy worlds of both titles lean towards the spectacular, depicting grand halls and enticing vistas. Resident Evil locks the player firmly into a claustrophobic sense of domestic scale. A key in Metroid might open a whole mining complex; a key in Resident Evil often grants access to a single room, a few steps of space in which to explore. It is the Gamecube remake of the game that best captures this contrast, its detail-crammed interiors and twisted camera angles distorting the player’s perception of distance. What appears to be a simple square on the map is revealed to be a shadowy study, shelves crammed with artifacts, paintings setting dark landscapes into walls stained with unknown marks. The sheer volume of furniture and interior decoration explodes the game’s sense of space, imbuing every lamp and chintzy sofa with a unnerving presence. These mock Victorian furnishings are no accident—the Spencer Mansion’s interior decoration connects to a long tradition that stretches back through Psycho’s taxidermy and Terra Incognita’s “furnished rooms of nonexistence” all the way to Walter Benjamin’s examination of the bourgeois interior.
[M]agic prevails more covertly in the interior of the bourgeois dwelling. Chairs beside an entrance, photographs flanking a doorway, are fallen household deities, and the violence they must appease grips our hearts even today at each ringing of the doorbell. Try, though, to withstand the violence. Alone in an apartment, try not to bend to the insistent ringing.
– Walter Benjamin, The Arcades Project
Resident Evil’s setting is not simply a labyrinth for players to become lost in, it is also a house—and it is in that conflation of spaces that its horror lies. This territory was also recently explored by Hideo Kojima and Guillermo Del Toro’s P.T., an interactive demo released for upcoming horror game Silent Hills. In it, the player walks the same L-shaped domestic corridor hundreds of times, locked in a cycle that becomes increasingly distorted. Like Resident Evil, it locates its horror in a space of constant transition between house and labyrinth. Its opening image, that of two cockroaches connected back-to-back, is a clear symbol for the horror of its setting: the familiar, only repeated, twisted, made suddenly strange. Even the first radio broadcast to meet your ears charts this precarious balance, telling of a father murdering his daughter and wife without explanation: “This brutal killing took place while the family was gathered at home on a Sunday afternoon,” says the announcer, marking the moment where the normal became the terrifying, where the space of the house yawned wide and became the endless internal struggle of the labyrinth.
The family of George Trevor met an equally terrifying fate. It is his daughter Lisa who makes her presence most felt in Resident Evil’s Gamecube remake, transformed as she is into a howling indestructible monster, masked with the torn faces of her tormentors. Unlike the ornate double-crossing and corporate espionage of the games’ main storyline, the story of the Trevor family is tragically simple, and steeped in a kind of primal fear. Its addition is so important because it gives the Mansion an adopted family, one as twisted and filled with secrets as the building itself. That this family is Trevor’s, the architect, only further deepens the connection between the architecture and the narrative of the game, presenting a world where the game’s enemies could even be thought to be expressions of the Mansion’s perverse layout—like the Stanley Hotel in Kubrick’s The Shining.
Perhaps I will alter the whole thing. Kill both children. Murder is a better word. Chad scrambling to escape, almost making it to the front door where Karen waits, until a corner in the foyer suddenly leaps forward and hews the boy in half. At the same time Navidson, by the kitchen, reaches for Daisy, only to arrive a fraction of a second too late, his fingers finding air, his eyes scratching after Daisy as she falls to her death. Let both parents experience that. Let their narcissism find a new object to wither by. Douse them in infanticide. Drown them in blood.
– Mark Z Danielewski, House of Leaves
Symbolically, the house and the family are intrinsically linked in art. But if the family is what lives at the centre of the logical, symmetrical and conceivable space of the house, what is it that lives at the centre of the labyrinth? Mark Z. Danielewski’s book House of Leaves is perhaps the strongest study of this question. A work that is itself a maze of footnotes, appendices and transcripts, it is constructed around the story of a photographer, Will Navidson, who finds a door in his house leading to an endless set of dark and empty rooms. Told through an ornate construction of essays and narration, in its later parts the book fragments, breaking itself down into pages dominated by blank spaces as Navidson goes ever deeper into the house.
The experience of reading House of Leaves is that of navigating a space much like the Spencer Mansion or the P.T. teaser’s fractured corridor. Notes are gathered, investigations made, and fear overcome as the irresistible descent into confusion and disorder continues page by page. By the time every page holds only a single broken sentence, each page turn becomes analogous to a step towards the heart of the labyrinth. What Navidson finds there is ambiguous, but House of Leaves does present the reader with many possible interpretations of the minotaur that lurks at the center of its maze.
George Trevor, searching for his family, also ends up lost in the maze of his own construction. It’s a fitting end for a man obsessed with the hidden and the ornate, a true believer in the magic of the bourgeois interior. After all, if the house is the home of the family, the location of logic and the space in which life passes, the labyrinth must be the home of senseless, meaningless death. Not an active, malicious force, but simply a process that exists in the absence of life and meaning. The 2002 Resident Evil remake’s strength lies in the plumbing of these depths and the loose articulation of their meaning. Few games have presented spaces of fear that so effectively explore how the domestic and the uncanny exist side by side with each other, and how the labyrinth itself presents a duplicity that entices and entrenches the explorer in equal measure.
George Trevor’s final words are a confirmation of that—the maker meeting himself at last, deep within the labyrinth:
“It was a dark and damp underground tunnel. And another dead end. But even in the darkness something caught my eye. Carefully, I lit the last match, I had to see what it was. A grave! But deeply engraved into the stone was my name! ‘George Trevor.’” | <urn:uuid:d7711335-772d-4fcd-bb8d-2811bdbd41a9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://killscreen.com/articles/house-and-labyrinth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00247-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949008 | 2,220 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Friday, September 11: Sorry kids, no special afternoon or evening events happening at the Smithsonian today. But be sure to check out this site for a listing of regularly-scheduled happenings around the Institution.
Saturday, September 12: Darwin Anniversary Symposium
The life and legacy of Charles Darwin has been celebrated worldwide throughout 2009 in honor of his 200th birthday. For those of you who want to learn more about this world-shaking figure, come on out to the Natural History Museum for a day-long symposium helmed by Dr. Hans-Dieter Sues (the museum's associate director for Research and Collections) and Dr. Douglas Erwin (curator, Department of Paleobiology) and featuring a host of international Darwin scholars. Check out this website for a complete listing of speakers and when they are slated to appear. Free. Natural History Museum, 8:30 AM-5:00 PM.
Sunday, September 13: Grandparents Day at the Zoo
If you have grandparents who you hold near and dear to your heart, come celebrate those wonderful people at the National Zoo! Arrive early for a special pancake breakfast at the Mane Restaurant and Grandparents will enjoy a 20 percent discount on store purchases. A free shuttle will run to help visitors who might have trouble walking some of the Zoo's steep trails. Free. Breakfast (for purchase) is available between 7:30 AM and 9:30 AM. National Zoo, 7:30-10:30 AM.
For more information on events and exhibitions at the Smithsonian museums, check our companion website, goSmithsonian.com, the official visitor’s guide to the Smithsonian. | <urn:uuid:03f6b11e-91c1-4ac7-b379-d97bd3043994> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/weekend-events-charles-darwin-and-grandparents-day-at-the-zoo-16717421/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00290-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922201 | 340 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Red Letter Day
by: KORE • 8
This simple app gives you easy access to the words of Jesus...and nothing else. Red Letter Day provides you with the opportunity to become familiar with those words, allowing them to impact your life all day, every day.
TODAY - A different daily verse spoken by Jesus.
RANDOM - Shake your phone to discover a random verse.
SEND - Share the TODAY or RANDOM verse by email, SMS, Facebook, Twitter etc.
The App is designed for anyone, anywhere and is an instant source of inspiration and challenge direct from Jesus himself.
Bible versions included in the app are:
- New International Version (NIV)
- The Message (TM)
- New Living Translation (NLT)
- New King James Version (NKJV)
- New American Standard Bible (NASB)
- Contemporary English Version (CEV)
- Amplified Bible (AB)
- The Street Bible (TSB)
For more information about Red Letter Days and other ways to receive the daily verses, please visit http://www.kore.uk.com/redletterdays | <urn:uuid:9b7c995a-9aa2-4951-8518-7c931dedb24f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.appszoom.com/android_applications/reference/red-letter-day_chmtk.html?nav=related | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00277-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.863054 | 240 | 1.625 | 2 |
JAKARTA — Indonesia is holding talks with China to produce C-705 anti-ship missiles on the Indonesian island of Java as part of a bid to become more independent in manufacturing weapons. The deepening defense ties come as tensions brew over territorial disputes in the South China Sea between China and the Association of Southeast Asian nations [ASEAN].
Plans to jointly produce the missiles first emerged this July, and the conversation was continued when Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi visited the Indonesian capital Jakarta last week.
The defense ministry has confirmed that a contract for the missile production will be signed between Indonesia and China in March 2013.
Indonesian Foreign Ministry spokesperson Michael Tene said the cooperation is part of a broader goal to expand Indonesia’s military capabilities.
“Certainly we are developing close relations with all friendly countries to develop our defense capacity, not just through procurement but joint investment, joint production to develop our own capacity to develop the defense industry and of course with China also, we have a range of cooperation to develop our industries in that area,” said Tene.
The joint missile production plans come as tensions flare in the South China Sea. ASEAN ministers failed last month to agree on a multilateral code of conduct to resolve overlapping territorial claims.
Analysts say the failure to produce the multilateral code will better position China to dominate bilateral disputes with its smaller regional neighbors.
The Indonesian Defense ministry denies that its plan to produce 120-kilometer-range naval missiles with China’s help, however, is about developing stronger alliances in relation to the maritime dispute.
University of Indonesia defense analyst Yohanes Sulaiman said Indonesia is just pushing for the best deal it can get - and remains wary of relying on the United States for its military hardware.
“If things are going bad in Papua, the United States is just going to put another military embargo and we got the short end of the stick. That is why the military is trying to expand its relationships, especially with China, as another weapons supplier,” he said.
The U.S. imposed a six-year military embargo against Indonesia in 1999 following human rights concerns in East Timor.
Sulaiman said many Indonesian military officers and generals have expressed concern that alleged human rights abuses in mineral-rich West Papua could trigger another embargo.
At the same time, he said, Indonesia lacks a grand strategy on how to respond to current regional power plays between the U.S. and China.
Mely Caballero Anthony, a professor of international relations at Singapore’s S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, has view about the partnership.
She said Indonesia has consistently acted as a neutral leader within ASEAN, such as by helping to resolve a border dispute between ASEAN states Cambodia and Thailand. She said Indonesia does not believe that building relations with China weakens its ties to any other allies.
"Indonesia, like any other ASEAN member, does not want any major power competition to escalate in the region," she said. "Many of the foreign policies of ASEAN member states prefer a free and active foreign policy that does not have to choose between China or the U.S. So the brokering role does not fit in this regard."
While Indonesia cultivates relations on all sides of the South China Sea dispute, the U.S. this week warned against efforts to ‘divide and conquer’ in the South China Sea, and reiterated its support for a multilateral code of conduct in the global trading route.
Indonesia allocated $15.8 billion between 2010 and 2014 to modernize its weaponry systems, and currently buys arms from South Korea, Russia, Germany and Britain, and F-16 fighter planes from the United States. | <urn:uuid:6734ef1f-9209-44c6-9d13-5e22c624b692> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.voanews.com/a/indonesia_and_china_to_sign_missile_production_agreement/1489659.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00501-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953644 | 776 | 1.851563 | 2 |
- 1. Mark off center top and bottom of foam ball using pencil. Divide ball into six equal sections by stretching three rubber bands around ball, running through marks at top and bottom center. Wrap measuring tape around center of ball to check that sections are equal.
- 2. Use sharp pencil to mark off sections along side of each rubber band. Remove rubber bands.
- 3. Use craft knife to cut out 3/8" "v"-shaped grooves along each line. Use fingers to smooth edges on sides of each groove.
- 4. Press bottom of ball on work surface, flattening slightly. Make 1/2" hole at bottom of ball using pencil point.
- 5. Cut foot area from tights or socks; recycle or use for another project. Push ball into wider leg portion of tights or socks; leave 1/2" at open end. Gather tights together at opposite end and cut across 1" above gathers. Remove ball. Use cut portion as pattern to cut tights/socks for other balls.
- 6. Insert carved ball into tights/socks tube. Spot glue hole on bottom of ball. Tuck fabric into hole using needle tool or scissors point. Use craft pins to secure fabric inside hole.
- 7. Gather fabric tightly at top of ball and wrap firmly with heavy-duty thread. The excess fabric will become stem. Trim stem to 1-1/2" length.
- 8. Pin and adhere orange and black trims around ball on grooved lines. Use photo as guide.
- 9. Tie 4" length of green ribbon around base of stem for leaves. Trim leaves at angle. Repeat process to decorate remaining balls.
Tip: Use metal spoon to help smooth edges of grooves on foam ball. | <urn:uuid:aaac310a-9922-45b0-b08d-9106a36849ae> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.craftideas.com/projects/fabric/2013/winter/sock-ribbon-pumpkins.html?Slug=sock-ribbon-pumpkins | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00154-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.854384 | 372 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Interested in submitting an e–Pearl? Click here!
Brought to you by the Resident and Fellow Section of Neurology®.
March 25, 2013
Cephalic tetanus is a rare variant of localized tetanus that is accompanied by cranial nerve palsy. The condition was originally called tetanus hydrophobicus. Cranial neuropathy may precede the manifestations of tetanus, and tetanus may remain limited to the craniofacial musculature. The facial nerve is most commonly affected followed by oculomotor and hypoglossal nerves. Presynaptic blockade of acetylcholine release caused by locally accumulated tetanus toxin at the neuromuscular junction is the probable pathogenesis.
Submitted by Rajeev Nayak, Resident G.B. Pant Hospital, J.L.N. Marg
Disclosure: Dr. Nayak reports no disclosures.
For more clinical pearls and other articles of interest to neurology trainees, visit www.neurology.org and click on the link to the Resident and Fellow Pages. Click here to visit the E–Pearl of the Week Archive.Click here to listen to this week's Neurology® Podcast. | <urn:uuid:54742e90-aa67-4257-a097-3c54068db34c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://patients.aan.com/news/?event=read&article_id=11176 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00284-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.891421 | 251 | 2.375 | 2 |
What was once a near-automatic death sentence is now treatable. But AIDS still has no cure, and complacency and ignorance about the disease could put millions more at risk of being consumed by this unrelenting, global epidemic.
Twenty years ago, on June 5, 1981, the federal Centers for Disease Control issued its first alert to health departments of a rare, life-threatening infection in five young gay men in Los Angeles. Two were already dead.
Since then, almost 20 million have died. Thirty-five million more have been infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. And according to the World Health Organization, more than 13 million children have been orphaned.
But survivors feel lucky, and sometimes inspired.
Now there is hope for the future, said Tamara Samantha Kuryla, 36, who has been living with the HIV virus for eight years. There is hope for quality of life beyond infection. There are new drugs. There are better services, medical and emotional.
There are long-term survivors to give you hope, said Kuryla, a former prostitute who is president of the People with AIDS Coalition of Broward County. When you see people who have lived for 23 years, you think, I can do that. In the beginning, it was six months and youre done. There was no hope.
In their 20th anniversary report on AIDS, released late last week, the CDC noted that despite much lower incidence rates among whites and Hispanics, the HIV virus is still spreading at an epidemic rate among black gay men.
Montgomery Hinds, a drug user who tested positive in 1993, is trying to help stop the spread.
Two years ago, tired of street life and knowing he had probably infected many people through unprotected sex, he changed his lifestyle.
He became an outreach worker for Broward House, which helped him return to sobriety. He is paid to find people like himself and persuade them to be tested and treated.
He takes condoms with him into the poorest neighborhoods, and yet most people refuse them, Hinds said.
Sometimes he repeats the message get tested for six months or a year to the same people before they come around.
When they do, he feels victorious.
I feel like I am doing my lifes work. I am doing something good, he said.
Though new drugs have been able to dramatically decrease death rates, there remains the great fear among AIDS experts of the kind of complacency Hinds finds on the streets.
When they see Magic Johnson doing so well, they dont think they have anything to worry about, said Dr. Margaret Fischl, professor of medicine and director of the AIDS Clinical Research Unit at the University of Miami School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital.
I tell them, You can get very sick, you can die. But these are young people. They dont remember what it was like. They think theyre immortal, and they dont want to think about death, said Fischl, whose work led to approval of the first AIDS drug, AZT.
Often exhausted by the physical and emotional demands of caring for dying patients and searching for new drugs that could help them, Fischl, 52, has continued her quest for better treatments.
Her patients have multiple combinations of drugs available. AZT, now called zidovudine, and its cousins are part of the arsenal, and may be used with a newer class of drugs, protease inhibitors, to attack the virus from different directions.
Trauma and stigma
In many cases, the virus is reduced to undetectable levels, but it is still there, lurking in hidden reservoirs in a dormant state, she said. When active, the virus continues to mutate, so Fischl and other clinician-researchers and scientists have to stay a step ahead.
We cant stop. We have to be on guard all the time, she said.
At the University of Miami School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, physicians and staff say they have witnessed the deaths of 15,000 people with HIV since the epidemic began.
It was very difficult seeing so many patients die. It was very hard to do 15,000 deaths at a single medical center, Fischl said. That is not something physicians typically see.
Florida ranks third in the nation in adult AIDS cases, more than 75,000, and second in pediatric cases with about 1,400. Almost 40,000 Floridians have died from infections, cancers and complications because HIV destroyed their immune systems.
Kuryla, of the People with AIDS Coalition, also works as a counselor at the North Broward Hospital Districts Childrens Diagnostic and Treatment Center, helping families with HIV.
Her job is to tell HIV parents what they can expect. She goes to schools to talk about HIV, how to avoid it and what its like. She too is scared, she says, by the cavalier attitude she sees in young people.
Her own son will not have that luxury. Christian, 4, was born with HIV and has to take medications every day.
It wont affect Christian until the world gets ahold of him, she said. People will talk about his HIV, make him feel that he did something wrong. Im trying to make him strong for when that day comes.
Its great to see kids who were born with HIV and now are 20 years old and going to college, Kuryla said. Thats what I want him to see.
Dr. Gwendolyn B. Scott, a pediatrician at UM/Jackson has been caring for babies and children with AIDS since 1981. The terror surrounding the disease sometimes interfered with its treatment, Scott said.
Revealing the diagnosis to the family was always traumatic. Sometimes it took many hours to try to get them to understand, to calm them. All they could think about was that this was the death of their child, Scott said. It was a very trying situation for us, too, because we had to do this so many times, over and over.
Because people were very frightened by the disease, some patients were ousted out of their homes, put out into the streets because their families were afraid. There was a stigma, so some people didnt want to tell anyone they were infected, and many times they had almost no support.
Scott said she would write prescriptions to prevent the infections that plagued children with HIV, but they would soon be back in the emergency room.
We had families living in abandoned cars or abandoned buildings with no food, because they didnt have any support. They couldnt pay for their prescriptions, and the child got sicker, Scott said. Very early on we recognized the importance of social services as part of our comprehensive care.
Scott and her staff now have seven social workers as part of the team caring for 333 children with HIV, and another 200 kids who are going through the screening process to test for the virus.
Scotts work helped to prove that giving AZT to infected women during pregnancy can reduce the likelihood that the baby will be born infected from 25 percent to 8 percent.
That has dropped further, to only about 2 percent today.
In children who do become infected, the death rate also has dropped.
We used to have as many as 20-25 deaths a year. Now its no more than five or six, she said. At this point in 2001, were following about 80 teenagers who have had infections since birth. The oldest of those is 22 years of age.
Halting the spread
William Darrow, a public health professor at Florida International University, was working in the communicable diseases unit at the CDC in the spring of 1981.
Publication of those first cases in the CDCs Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report on June 5, 1981, did not create much of a stir among the general public, Darrow said.
I think there was a small item in The New York Times, he said, but outside of the gay community, not many people were concerned.
Darrow, a research sociologist with knowledge about the gay community and expertise in tracking sexually transmitted diseases, was assigned to work with epidemiologists trying to pinpoint the cause.
This was first and foremost a medical mystery, he said.
He helped design a study that included 50 gay men who were sick and a group of about 200 gay men who were healthy, asking questions about lifestyle, diet and sexual practices.
The study found the major differences among the men were that those who were sick had multiple sexual partners.
That led us to believe it was sexually transmitted, said Darrow, whose work was chronicled in And The Band Played On, a book, and later a film, about the epidemic by journalist Randy Shilts.
Although Darrow left the CDC in 1994, he still fights the spread of the virus.
He has been examining why many young gay men in South Beach do not practice safe sex.
In Broward County, he and colleagues at FIU have received a CDC grant to design and carry out a prevention program in the 12 ZIP codes with the highest HIV infection rates.
The ultimate goal of course is to stop the spread of HIV, well achieve our mission when there is no longer any HIV being spread.
But 20 years into the epidemic, people still are not getting the message, he said.
They dont think it affects them or their communities. When we go into communities with prostitutes on the corner, and drug use, and ask. Is there any AIDS? They say, No, we dont have any AIDS here. Can you believe it in 2001? This was not an unusual response, Darrow said. We still have an awfully long ways to go.
Stacey Singer and Bob Lamendola contributed to this report. | <urn:uuid:f64ca2d4-3c8e-4d64-8dd2-252a7b519c2e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/sns-health-aids-20years-story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00100-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984874 | 2,008 | 2.328125 | 2 |
by Daisy Whitney
Series: The Mockingbirds #2
Hardcover: 352 pages
Publisher: Little, Brown Books for Young Readers; 1 edition (February 6, 2012)
Buy the book: Amazon
When Alex Patrick was assaulted by another student last year, her elite boarding school wouldn't do anything about it. This year Alex is head of the Mockingbirds, a secret society of students who police and protect the student body. While she desperately wants to live up to the legacy that's been given to her, she's now dealing with a case unlike any the Mockingbirds have seen before.The Rivals is a follow up book to The Mockingbirds by Daisy Whitney. In The Mockingbirds, Alex Patrick is a high school junior who is date-raped after drinking at a club. The elite residential high school that Alex attends refuses to accept that any of their intelligent, talented students would break their honor code and so have no structure in place to deal with disciplinary issues. Alex's only recourse is to enlist the aid of the underground student group known as The Mockingbirds. After Alex's case is validated by the group and Carter's punishment is delivered, Alex is asked to take over the leadership of the group during her senior year. The Rivals begins as the students are gathering back at the school for Alex's senior year. Alex must learn to balance her new duties as leader of the Mockingbirds with being a student and highly talented pianist. She has the support of Amy the previous leader, Martin her boyfriend and her roommates, T.S. and Maia. Unfortunately, Alex is quickly faced with a big issue that must be dealt with. She is told that members of the prestigious Debate Club are circulating forged prescriptions for an amphetamine to enhance their performance. The rumors are flying about several different students but nothing prepares Alex for hearing the name of her roommate, Maia, mentioned as the supplier of the drugs. Now Alex must decide where her loyalties truly lie and whether her duties as a Mockingbird include crushing the dreams of her best friend. The struggle to find the truth behind the scandal brings betrayal, lies, heartbreak and disappointment causing Alex to question who she is and who she really wants to be.
It isn't rape. It isn't bullying. It isn't hate speech. A far-reaching prescription drug ring has sprung up, and students are using the drugs to cheat. But how do you try a case with no obvious victim? Especially when the facts don't add up, and each new clue drives a wedge between Alex and the people she loves most: her friends, her boyfriend, and her fellow Mockingbirds.
As Alex unravels the layers of deceit within the school, the administration, and even the student body the Mockingbirds protect, her struggle to navigate the murky waters of vigilante justice may reveal more about herself than she ever expected.
I really enjoyed The Mockingbirds and looked forward to reading The Rivals. However, I must admit that it took me a little while to really get into the story. Perhaps because I had so recently read the first book, I didn't appreciate all the time that was taken to give the back story in the second book. Also, this story is a lot more complicated with many more characters to keep up with.
Once I got into the meat of the story my interest picked up and at the end I didn't want to put the book down. The main character is a nice girl who tries very hard to do the right thing in a very difficult situation. Having never attended an elite boarding school, I don't know how accurate the portrayal of the administrators and teachers is, but I find it hard to believe that people in that situation wouldn't be more concerned about the health and safety of their students. Even when told directly about drug use by a group of students and another girl breaking the fingers of Alex's hand, the Dean suggests that these things be put behind her and move forward. I liked the book even though I found some of its premises to be a little unbelievable. It discusses the differences in right and wrong, moral and immoral and how these are viewed differently by different people. There is some language and Alex and Martin decide to engage in a sexual relationship. These scenes are alluded to rather than described graphically. I would recommend this book for entertainment reading for mid to older teens.
- Sexual Content: Moderate/Heavy
- Profanity: Heavy
- Violence: Moderate
- Other Notables: Abuse of prescription drugs | <urn:uuid:03e71282-aa46-4505-be71-c71efa40668f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.readingteen.net/2012/03/rivals-by-daisy-whitney-book-review.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00283-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978205 | 919 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Hi readers. Thanks for coming by for a read.
Sitting around waiting rooms exposes a person to a lot of reading material he’d proabably never encounter otherwise. Popular Science magazines are a favorite example for me. They’ve always been great predictors of how our lives will be in the not-too-distant future. As John Prine observed, “We’re all driving rocket ships and talking with our minds” here in this future we’re living in.
Anyway, the November, 2013 edition of Popular Science had a series of articles I found fascinating about some folks who are in the final phases of development of synthetic meats to replace those that came off living animals and poultry. Indistinguishable from the real item. Columbia University’s one of the places it’s happening, not because of better health, but because of the greenhouse gasses resulting from grazing livestock.
Evidently it’s so far along in getting it going they’re already producing real leather that never rode a cow for use on automobile upholstery, etc. And they’re doing well with chicken, since almost everything tastes like chicken.
Naturally, if this doesn’t happen now it well be because the cow industry went in at night and destroyed everything they couldn’t buy up and squash. It won’t be the fault of the lousy record Popular Science has in predicting the future.
Still, it’s nice to think of future generations being able to walk around in the woods without stepping on cow manure if they ever go outside. And driving along rural highways in the west not having to see a yellow sign with a cow on it to warn there’s a rancher feeding his black cows on the pavement at dusk for the insurance.
Interesting stuff, and it ought to get more interesting. Human beings ought to get a lot more violent in a world where there was no real meat that needed killing to take the edge off natural inclinations. And thus far there’s been no mention of where Kosher fits into it all. Synthetic pork might come from the factory Kosher and Jews and Muslims could start sitting down together to a nice ham instead of shooting one another. | <urn:uuid:c893ffcc-466c-4d5e-be1f-794432398855> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://sofarfromheaven.com/2014/06/06/real-synthetic-meat/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00535-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929395 | 465 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Clairvoyance|Automatic And Voluntary Clairvoyance
The direct interpretation of the term clairvoyance is clear sight.It is understood to be the power to understand if not see with the minds eye something that is going o-n in a distant place without any previous knowledge of the big event. Fans and most supernatural professionals think that psychic ability rests (although unlocked) within every individual. Their idea is that most people don't make use of their clairvoyance it requires determination to develop ones own personal psychic abilities, and that as they are often too ignorant or unwilling to introduce it. Quite simply, everybody has another sight but it has to be awakened. Dont fear you dont need to obtain a tarot reading or contact a psychic phone reading line. It only takes some introspection.
You will find two basic types of clairvoyant talents voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary clairvoyance is generally viewed as a good, positive issue whereas automatic is normally considered black, bad, and potentially dangerous. Most psychics keep that voluntary clairvoyance is obtained through good, healthier, and nice living, as well as the willingness to attain deep with-in ones own mind and see hidden things. Unconscious clairvoyance is forced upon its victim, and the person has no get a grip on over when and where it occurs. In this state, the involuntarily clairvoyant person is usually thought to be available to nasty spiritual influences and might face the chance of being fully possessed with a destructive being.
Many people looking to create their clairvoyant capabilities often assume that after they have had a breakthrough, they will now know everything that's going to happen for the remainder of their lives. Dig up more on looking for psychic source reviews by browsing our astonishing website. Realized psychics urge: This is simply not the truth! It takes caution and proper cultivation of the psychic qualities to have a healthy link with the unseen world. It is also impor-tant never to drive your limits or the limits of the energy surrounding you. People who study the supernatural insist that to do this would be to play with fire and possibly invite black influences into your daily life. These people usually put it something like this: In the physical world, things aren't as susceptible to change as they are in the unseen world or as some call it the world of needs. As a result of this, professional clairvoyants and studiers of the world insist that folks intent on creating their clairvoyance be experienced before they try anything too sophisticated.
Many parapsychologists claim that humans are created clairvoyant and most remain so at-least for your first-year of life. Dependent on his or her environment and his or her own development of individual spirituality, the child may maintain this increased level of sensitivity or notice it diminish, if maybe not disappear completely. These psychics suggest that it requires good clairvoyance to truly and properly interpret the invisible world, and warn against the growth of negative energy and involuntary or negative clairvoyance that invite negativity and evil influences into the lives of everyone involved. Browse here at psychic source readings to learn where to study this hypothesis. This splendid here's the site article has several impressive aids for the reason for it.
Except that it entails reading things that are usually invisible or inaudible to others, clairaudience is really a similar kind of psychic ability. Considered by many mediums to be the voices of spirits in still another world, many people claim to hear the voices within their minds or in their minds, rather than through their physical ears while some claim to hear as though it were from the physical world, despite the absence of a sensory source.. Learn more on Sampson Duke by visiting our stately portfolio. | <urn:uuid:abb1ac1b-b7e4-4a5b-a34f-dea3870ae421> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://urlaaaaa98opv.wallinside.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00327-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963202 | 777 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Results 1 to 13 of 13
Thread: Table Data Type
- 03-14-2011, 02:31 AM #1
What is a "Table ADT"? What specifically are your requirements?
Edit: For what it's worth, normally, I'd store this frequency data in a HashMap<Character, Integer>.
Last edited by Fubarable; 03-14-2011 at 03:14 AM.
- 03-14-2011, 03:17 AM #3
not an ADT, sorry. The characters and their counts will be kept in a table data structure.
- 03-14-2011, 03:19 AM #4
so the characters would be the 'keys' of the map?
- 03-14-2011, 03:25 AM #6
Ok, so if I do a myHashMap.put(A,1) for the first time I find an A, how would I update the value portion (the 1) the next time I find an A?
First you'd call get on the HashMap using your char as a key. If it returns null, then you know that this is the first time that this char was encountered and you'd put in a 1 for this char. Otherwise if it returns a viable Integer, you get the intValue, add one to it, and put the resulting incremented value.
- 03-14-2011, 03:31 AM #8
hmm.. looks like get is returning an object. Is it as simple as casting it to an int?
- 03-14-2011, 03:36 AM #9
nevermind, I see what what you are saying
- 03-14-2011, 03:56 AM #11
so it would be like:
HashMap table = new HashMap<Character,Integer>;
- 03-14-2011, 04:28 AM #13
- By fraB3422 in forum New To JavaReplies: 7Last Post: 02-27-2011, 03:08 AM
- By JONCOM in forum New To JavaReplies: 11Last Post: 01-30-2011, 10:57 PM
- By crishantha in forum LuceneReplies: 0Last Post: 12-03-2010, 07:07 AM
- By edi.gotieb in forum JDBCReplies: 9Last Post: 05-19-2010, 01:13 PM
- By java girl in forum Threads and SynchronizationReplies: 3Last Post: 02-13-2009, 09:37 AM | <urn:uuid:1851d5a0-0096-488a-a3f8-a8ee45b2a395> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.java-forums.org/new-java/40484-table-data-type.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00464-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.831741 | 540 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Health care professionals play a critical role in helping young athletes return safely to school and play following a concussion.
In 2011, US Youth Soccer partnered with the CDC's "Heads Up" Concussion
program and adopted a concussion protocol for its largest tournament, the US Youth Soccer National Championships Series. Once players are suspected of having a concussion they must sit out of play for at least 24 hours. A player diagnosed with a possible concussion may return to US Youth Soccer play only after release from a licensed medical doctor specializing in concussion treatment and management. | <urn:uuid:9cdb492d-42c9-41d2-ad10-988f8fdbd1de> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.usyouthsoccer.org/news/hey_doc_when_can_i_return_to_play/?story_id=6343 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719079.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00033-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951739 | 109 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Laws, Regulations & Annotations
Business Taxes Law Guide – Revision 2016
Uniform Local Sales and Use Tax Annotations
702.0000 TRANSMITTAL, LIMITATION, REDISTRIBUTION OF LOCAL TAX
702.0900 Reallocation—First Knowledge. The date on which first knowledge of local tax misallocation is received at any location or by any employee of the Board is the date of first knowledge for purposes of reallocation. However, the "knowledge" of misallocation is limited to the locations of the taxpayer referred to in the source of the knowledge. If, for example, the source is a letter from the taxpayer which mentions misallocation between two of ten locations operated, subsequent discoveries of misallocation between other locations will have a different date of first knowledge, determined by when the subsequent discoveries are made. 7/27/90. | <urn:uuid:0b0126b3-808b-400b-aa18-2fa5c38fcf5a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.boe.ca.gov/lawguides/business/current/btlg/vol2/ulsuta/702-0900.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719136.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00467-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.914086 | 180 | 1.5 | 2 |
This is part of a series of articles that looks at entrepreneurs hoping to get their ideas off the ground through crowdfunding. At the time of writing, each of these innovations is currently seeking funding.
Earbud headphones come as standard with most smartphones, but they’re typically prone to breaking, and their one-size-fits-all design means that they can be uncomfortable and fall out when exercising. In the past, we’ve seen HeadFoams make the devices more durable, especially for young users. Now OwnPhones is enabling consumers to customize their earbuds to their own unique style and ear shape through 3D printing.
Currently seeking funding through Kickstarter, the startup aims to make the best-fitting and best-sounding earphones available. Customers looking to order a pair can download the OwnPhones app and use it to take a short video of their ear, which is digitally translated into a 3D model from which the earbud can be created. Because the devices are built to perfectly fit inside users’ individual ears, the buds don’t fall out even if they’re used during exercise, and they won’t be uncomfortable. OwnPhones enables customers to choose from a range of designs — from simple to eyecatching — so they also fit with users’ personalities.
The snug fit enables true noise cancellation, although the app also comes with a feature that lets certain noises through, so listeners aren’t completely cut off from their environment if they choose. On top of this, an optional color-changing LED on the outside can indicate to others if they don’t want to be disturbed or are ok to talk.
As well as dealing with the problem of ill-fitting earphones falling out, OwnPhones use wireless technology to avoid the problem of tangled or damaged cables. A basic pair of OwnPhones is available to pre-order through Kickstarter from USD 149, although actual retail price is expected to be from USD 299. The campaign will run until 25 August.
Could 3D printing improve individual fit and bring personalized design to other mass-produced products? | <urn:uuid:4b08d173-c8c4-42d0-9e71-e41c4f93e015> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.aabacosmallbusiness.com/advisor/wireless-earbuds-custom-3d-printed-won-t-fall-160000366.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718278.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00240-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938962 | 431 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Brickipedia is currently undergoing a change with the naming of part articles and this article's name may be outdated.
|Design ID: 40235||Years in production: 2001|| Available Colours: ||Appearances:|
A turban is a piece of cloth wrapped around a persons head. It was introduced in 2001 and is used in a limited number of sets. The Turban has mostly been seen in desert-based sets, however, it's first appearance was in a Harry Potter set. | <urn:uuid:260a3036-03aa-42f5-853b-b31819c40495> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://lego.wikia.com/wiki/Part_40235 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00486-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968354 | 101 | 1.578125 | 2 |
The Boy Scouts of America may be close to ending its long-standing policy banning gay scouts or scout leaders, according to NBC News. The rumors are swirling ahead of a meeting of the Boy Scouts' national board set for next week.
For decades the Boy Scouts have banned gay members, going so far as to keep a list of suspected gay members in its infamous "perversion files." A lawsuit over the ban went all the way to Supreme Court, which upheld the BSA's right to ban gay members.
According to anonymous "scouting officials," should the ban be lifted, it would then be left to each individual troop to create its own membership guidelines. Only seven months ago, the BSA decided it would keep the ban in place, following a two-year review of the policy. NBC's anonymous source says this new consideration comes from pressure by individual troops.
"We're a grassroots organization. This is a response to what's happening at the local level," the official said.
While this rhetoric about "grassroots organization" and "local level" is nice, it has nothing to do with what's really going on here. The BSA's consideration of putting an end to its ban on gay members is, like everything, a financial one: several organizations, including the UPS, have recently decided to pull funding of the BSA due to its discriminatory practices. Lifting the ban is just a means of self-preservation.
It's unclear when the announcement of the policy change will be made, but could be as early as the national board's meeting next week. | <urn:uuid:0421ed75-ff65-4462-bbd3-f7841bb4b9ab> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://gawker.com/5979568/boy-scouts-of-america-reportedly-plans-to-lift-its-ban-on-gay-members | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00400-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972229 | 322 | 1.609375 | 2 |
This presentation discusses approaches and techniques for determining an ancestor’s maiden name and locating “missing” females. Geared towards the advanced beginner or intermediate researcher, it focuses on American records and sources before World War I. The content is not specific to any one time period and many of the approaches can be refined for different locations or types of records. Concepts discussed will include:
- overview of women’s legal rights;
- property ownership;
- and strategies for making the most from what you can find.
If you are stymied on your female ancestors–and half your ancestors are female–this presentation may give you the insight you need.
- Order a recording of the session ($19) for immediate delivery–includes handout. Regular price $25.
- If you ordered this presentation and did not receive your copy, please email me at the email address listed in your receipt. | <urn:uuid:5c3cf26d-9594-4c59-a2fd-73bdc8849f71> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://rootdig.genealogytipoftheday.com/?p=9369 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.925195 | 194 | 2.359375 | 2 |
For the Right to Die
Do you think you have the right to a personal decision to end or to continue your life? Well Jack Kevorkian thinks that everyone has the right to make their own decision.
The movie You Don’t Know Jack is one of very risque and touchy subjects. Physician assisted suicide which used to be 100% illegal and is still illegal in many states. Dr. Kevorkian was a man who was willing to take risks. Against all odds he takes on the Medical world on full speed ahead even though a majority of the population thinks he is probably clinically ill himself. He very cleverly developed a device that allows the patient to essentially kill themselves. This way he can override the Michigan law which deemed physician assisted suicide illegal.
His first patient was an older woman with Alzheimers disease. Her name was Janet Adkins. She very swiftly pulled the trigger to her medical treatment the second Dr. Kevorkian offered her the option. Although he didn’t fully think she was the best possible patient for the first test. Since during their meeting she seemed pretty functional. Kevorkian meets a lawyer after the first death and he is one of the few people who fully believes in his practices. He refers to himself as a sort of frankenstein on the morning talk show he was invited to be on. Since he is someone who was made to look evil based on the views of the public but he was actually doing it for the greater good. Dr. Kevorkian pushes a very fine line of being a murderer or a public servant. Being part of multiple suicides and being very publicly known as the guy who helps people kill themselves. His trusty lawyer is at his side for every suicide and handles the media extremely well. Kevorkian doesn’t let losing his medical license slow him down one bit. Shortly after his 2nd and 3rd assisted suicide he was invited to be on the Barbara Walters show. He has a very good way with words and makes it very easy for people to start to empathize for him and... | <urn:uuid:0d83bcae-bee3-4e80-85a9-d2fecc20af2a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.brainia.com/essays/You-Don't-Know-Jack/282067.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00438-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987981 | 421 | 1.65625 | 2 |
LIN3041 -- Intro to Linguistics -- Exam 2 Study Guide
LIN3041 -- Intro to Linguistics -- Exam 2 Study Guide LIN3041
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LIN3041 – Intro to Linguistics – Exam 2 Vocabulary Chapter 4 -- Morphology: The Analysis of Word Structure Word -- the smallest free form found in language Free form -- an element that does not have to occur in a fixed position with respect to neighboring elements Morpheme -- the smallest unit of language that carries information about meaning or function Simple words -- words that consist of a single morpheme Example: and Complex words -- words that contain two or more morphemes Example: couple, couple-s Example: act, act-ive, act-iv-ate, re-act-iv-ate Free morpheme -- a morpheme that can be a word by itself Example: boy Bound morpheme -- a morpheme that must be attached to another element Example: plural -s Allomorphs -- the variant forms of a morpheme Example: the morpheme used to express indefiniteness in English has 2 allomorphs--an before a word that begins with a vowel sound and a before a word that begins with a consonant sound Root -- constitutes the core of the word and carries the major component of its meaning; typically belong to a lexical category Lexical categories -- noun (N), verb (V), adjective (A), preposition (P) Affixes -- do not belong to a lexical category and are always bound morphemes Example: -er; a bound morpheme that combines with a verb, giving a noun with the meaning "one who ____" Types of Affixes Prefix -- an affix that's attached to the front of its base Suffix -- an affix that's attached to the end of its base Inflix -- a type of affix that occurs within another morpheme Base -- the form to which an affix is added; also the root Word-based -- the majority of complex words in English are built from roots that are free morphemes Derivation -- an affixational process that forms a word with a meaning and/or category distinct from that of its base Example: the suffix -er added to a verb forms a noun with the meaning "one who does X" Derivational affixes Suffixes: -able: V->A -ing: V->A -ive: V->A -al: V->N -ant: V->N -(at)ion: V->N -er: V->N -ing: V->N -ment: V->N -dom: N->N -ful: N->A LIN3041 – Intro to Linguistics – Exam 2 Vocabulary -(I)al: N->A -(I)an: N->A -ic: N->A -less: N->A -ous: N->A -ize: N->V -ish: A->A -ate: A->V -en: A->V -ize: A->V -ly: A->Adv -ity: A->N -ness: A->N Prefixes: Anti-: N->N Ex-: N->N De-: V->V Dis-: V->V Mis-: V->V Re-: V->V Un-: V->V In-: A->A Un-: A->A Class 1 Affixes -- often trigger changes in the consonant or vowel segments of the base and may affect stress placement; often combine with bound roots Class 2 Affixes -- tend to be phonologically neutral, having no effect on the segmental makeup of the base or on stress placement Compounding -- the combination of two already existent words Compound word -- a word that's a combination of two already existing words; usually a noun, verb, or adjective Head -- the morpheme that determines the category of the entire word Endocentric compounds -- compound that denotes a subtype of the concept denoted by its head (the rightmost component) Example: dog food is a type of food, caveman is a type of man Exocentric compounds -- the meaning of the compound does not follow from the meanings of its head Example: redhead is not a type of head, redneck is a person not a type of neck Inflection -- the modification of a word's form to indicate grammatical information of various sorts Stem -- the base to which an inflectional affix is added Inflection vs. Derivation Category change -- inflection does not change category or meaning, derivation does Order -- the derivational affix must be closer to the root Productivity -- the relative freedom with which they can combine with bases of the appropriate category Semantic transparency -- the contribution of an inflectional affix to the word's meaning is usually completely transparent and consistent Case -- a change in a new word's form to indicate its grammatical role LIN3041 – Intro to Linguistics – Exam 2 Vocabulary Agreement -- takes place when one word is inflected to match certain grammatical properties or another word Internal change -- a process that substitutes one nonmorphemic segment for another to mark a grammatical contrast Example: sing (present)-sang (past) Suppletion -- replaces a morpheme with an entirely different morpheme in order to indicate a grammatical contrast Example: went (past)-go (present) Reduplication -- marks a grammatical or semantic contrast by repeating all or part of the base to which it applies Full reduplication -- repetition of the entire base Partial reduplication -- copies only part of the base Tone placement -- in some languages, tone can be used to make distinction between tenses Clitics -- morphemes that behave like words in terms of their meaning and function; must always be pronounced with another word Host -- the other word Proclitics -- those that attach to the beginning of their host Enclitics -- those that attach to the end of their host Cliticization -- attaching these elements to the preceding word Conversion (zero derivation) -- a process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntactic category Clipping -- a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Blends -- words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already existing items Backformation -- a process that creates a new word by removing a real or supposed affix from another word in the language Example: ressurect was formed from ressurection Acronyms -- formed by taking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word Initialisms -- pronounced as a series of letters rather than a word Onomatopoeia -- words that have been created to sound like the thing that they name Coinage (word manufacture) -- a word created from scratch Eponyms -- words created from names Morphophonemics -- a word's pronunciation is often sensitive to the particular phonetic context in which phonemes occur; the study of this phenomenon Chapter 6 -- Semantics: The Analysis of Meaning Meaning -- the content of an utterance Semantics -- the study of meaning in human language Synonyms -- words or expressions that have the same meaning in some or all contexts Example: automobile/car, big/large Antonyms -- words or phrases that are opposites with respect to some components of their meaning Example: dark/light, boy/girl Polysemy -- occurs where a word has two or more meanings LIN3041 – Intro to Linguistics – Exam 2 Vocabulary Example: bright -- shining/intelligent Homophony -- exists where a single form has two or more entirely distinct meanings Example: light -- not heavy/illumination Lexical ambiguity -- a single form as two or more meanings Paraphrase -- two sentences that can have the same meaning Entailment -- when the truth of one sentence guarantees the truth of another sentence Example: The park wardens killed the bear. The bear is dead. Contradiction -- when one of the sentences is true, then the other sentence must be false Example: Charles is a bachelor. Charles is married. Connotation -- the set of associations that a word's use can evoke Denotation -- approach which attempts to equate the meaning of a word or phrase with the entities to which it refers Extension -- corresponds to the set of entities that it picks out in the world Intension -- corresponds to its inherent sense, the concepts that it evokes Componential analysis/semantic decomposition -- approach to meaning which tries to represents a word's intension by breaking it down into smaller semantic components Fuzzy concepts -- words that do not have clear-cut boundaries and pervades the human conceptual system Graded membership -- concepts members can be graded in terms of their typicality Prototypical exemplars -- the best option Metaphor -- the understanding of one concept in terms of another Spatial metaphor -- the use of words that are primarily associated with spatial orientation to talk about physical or psychological states Example: I'm feeling down. Lexicalization -- the process whereby concepts are encoded in the words of a language Motion verbs -- words that can describe motion through space Grammaticalized -- used to express the grammatical contrasts that are expressed as affixes and non-lexical (functional) categories Evidentiality -- the source of a speaker's evidence for a statement Principle of Compositionality -- the meaning of a sentence is determined by the meaning of its component parts and the manner in which they are arranged in syntactic structure Constructional meaning -- structural patterns themselves are capable of carrying meaning above and beyond the meaning of their component parts Structural ambiguity -- component words can be combined in more than one way Thematic roles -- the role that the referents of NPs play in the situations described by sentences used to categorize the relation between a sentence's parts and the event that it describes Agent -- the entity that performs and action Theme -- the entity undergoing an action or a movement Source -- the starting point for a movement Goal -- the end point for a movement Location -- the place where an action occurs Pronominals -- he, him, she, her, I, me, you, we, us, they, them, it LIN3041 – Intro to Linguistics – Exam 2 Vocabulary Reflexive pronouns -- himself, herself, myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves Principle A -- a reflexive pronoun must have an antecedent that c-commands it in the same minimal IP Principle B -- a pronominal must not have an antecedent that c-commands it in the same minimal IP Presupposition -- the assumption or belief implied by the use of a particular word or structure Setting -- physical environment Spatial deictics -- forms whose use and interpretation depend on the location of the speaker and/or hearer within a particular setting Discourse -- the connected series of utterances produced during a conversation, a lecture, a story, or other speech act Old (given) information -- the knowledge that the speaker assumes is available to the addressee at the time of the utterance, either because it is obvious or because it has been previously mentioned in the discourse New information -- knowledge that is introduced into the discourse for the first time Topic -- what a sentence or portion of the discourse is about Conversational implicature -- information drawn from inferences about what is meant but now actually said Cooperative Principle -- make your contribution appropriate to the conversation Conversational maxims -- guidelines that ensure that conversational interactions satisfy the Cooperative Principle Maxim of Relevance -- be relevant Maxim of Quality -- try to make your contribution one that is true Maxim of Quantity -- do not make your contribution more or less informative than required Maxim of Manner -- avoid ambiguity and obscurity; be brief and orderly
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Baseball has taken a hard line on performance enhancing drugs (though it certainly took them long enough). Football still treats steroid use as an open secret that is necessary to the functioning of the game. How can you tell children in high school that they should not be using performance enhancing drugs when professionals at the highest level are using them without repercussions?
Sports is big business. It is no wonder that some athletes will seek to gain an upper hand by consuming banned performance enhancing substances. This action creates a climate where if it is known or suspected that others are using these substances others will feel compelled to do the same just to stay competitive. The way to combat this is with stiff penalties.
Yes, professional athletes should have stricter sanctions imposed for illegal drug use. Athletes are role models to children, and allowing them to get away with drug use with just a slap on the wrist sends a bad message to the kids that look up to them. Criminal charges should be filed in addition to sport sanctions.
I believe it is up to leagues to decide what should be done to professional athletes who use illegal drugs. For the most part I think they take care of this problem without much attention. I do not believe they need stricter sanctions, if what they have in place now, is working. | <urn:uuid:9ab76391-df30-4854-8f0f-6ba81d08c7d8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.debate.org/opinions/should-there-be-stricter-sanctions-for-sports-professionals-who-use-illegal-drugs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00359-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969584 | 257 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Welcome to the Great American Music series. If you have missed Part I or Part II, I have linked them in so that you can
enjoy those, as well. In this, Part III, we are taking a closer look at the
role women has played in music.
Since coming onto the scene, women have delivered spunk, spit, fire, love,
spirit, and inspiration tenfold. In the early days of music, especially in
America, women were hardly allowed to be on the radio. Even after free speech,
and even after voting rights, and well past civil rights, there were precious
few women who were able to convince the owners of radio stations and recording
studios to let them be heard. Loretta Lynn, Tammy
Wynette, and Tanya Tucker stormed the stage, ushering in a voice that
refused to be silenced. You will notice in Loretta Lynn's video that she did
not get to choose what she sang when it was recorded, nor was she allowed to
choose what she wore that day.
Music is an incredible source of empowerment for the oppressed. As the years
passed, women turned the tables on society. Gone were the meek, meager ladies
of the past who bowed their heads in submission at their husbands' will. We
were no longer so tolerant of liars, cheaters, and we were especially intolerant
of domestic violence. We had a new understanding of what it meant to have a
lethal tongue, and we used it.
Misbehavin' (Please understand. I don't give a damn.)
Bad Reputation (The world's in trouble.
Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap (Pick up the phone. I'm always
Wake-up Call (Good morning.)
Out for Blood (Waiting for a street fight.....)
Part of Me (So you can keep the diamond ring. It don't mean
Sin Wagon (Praise the Lord and pass the ammunition.)
Earl had to Die (She put on dark glasses, long
sleeved-blouses, and makeup to cover her bruise.)
Gunpowder & Lead (He ain't seen me crazy yet.)
Tornado (Looking for a man to break.)
Before He Cheats (Right now.)
It has truly been an amazing journey, these past few decades. We have
evolved beyond the wildest of dreams, and are always reaching for the next | <urn:uuid:d51fd447-5dc9-426c-a2dd-bd64ce5aef89> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://myriver.newsvine.com/_news/2013/03/26/17479010-great-american-music-part-iii | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969095 | 513 | 2.328125 | 2 |
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Specifies the steel grades of grain-oriented electrical sheet and strip in nominal thicknesses of 0,23 mm, 0,27 mm, 0,30 mm and 0,35 mm; in particular, general requirements, magnetic properties, geometric characteristics and tolerances and technological characteristics, as well as inspection procedures. This European Standard applies to Goss extured grain-oriented magnetic sheet steel supplied in the final annealed condition in sheets or coils, ad intended for the construction of magnetic circuits. The materials are grouped into two classes: - conventional grain oriented material; - high permeability grain oriented material. | <urn:uuid:30fb9865-d939-4a7d-917c-18d72d926404> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.nen.nl/NEN-Shop/Norm/NENEN-101072003-Ontw.-en.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719079.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00035-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.654708 | 138 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous disease. It is classified into eumycetoma caused by fungi and actinomycetoma due to filamentous actinomycetes. Mycetoma can be found in geographic areas in close proximity to the Tropic of Cancer. Mexico is one of the countries in which this disease is highly endemic. In this retrospective study we report epidemiologic, clinical and microbiologic data of mycetoma observed in the General Hospital of Mexico in a 33 year-period (1980 to 2013). A total of 482 cases were included which were clinical and microbiology confirmed. Four hundred and forty four cases (92.11%) were actinomycetomas and 38 cases (7.88%) were eumycetomas. Most patients were agricultural workers; there was a male predominance with a sex ratio of 3∶1. The mean age was 34.5 years old (most ranged from 21 to 40 years). The main affected localization was lower and upper limbs (70.74% and 14.52% respectively). Most of the patients came from humid tropical areas (Morelos, Guerrero and Hidalgo were the regions commonly reported). The main clinical presentation was as tumor-like soft tissue swelling with draining sinuses (97.1%). Grains were observed in all the cases. The principal causative agents for actinomycetoma were: Nocardia brasiliensis (78.21%) and Actinomadura madurae (8.7%); meanwhile, for eumycetomas: Madurella mycetomatis and Scedosporium boydii (synonym: Pseudallescheria boydii) were identified. This is a single-center, with long-follow up, cross-sectional study that allows determining the prevalence and characteristics of mycetoma in different regions of Mexico.
Mycetoma is a chronic, subcutaneous granulomatous disease that usually begins after traumatic inoculation with causative microorganisms. Based on its etiology, mycetoma is referred to eumycetoma when the infection is caused by filamentous fungi, and actinomycetoma when the infection is due to aerobic actinomycetes (in Mexico predominantly Nocardia brasiliensis). Establishing the etiology is extremely important since it impacts treatment regimens. Mycetoma typically presents around the Tropic of Cancer between latitude 15° South and 30° North (also known as “mycetoma belt”) affecting poor populations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, including Mexico, which represents a highly endemic area with higher frequencies of actinomycetomas. Mycetoma usually affects males (male∶female ratio of 3∶1), agricultural or rural workers (age range 20–40 years) that typically do not have access to protective equipment. The main clinical presentation is as soft tissue swelling with sinus tract formation draining grains, which leads to diagnosis. The foot is the most commonly affected localization; however, when disease presents in high risk areas, such as the trunk, it can disseminate to the lungs and spinal cord. This report represents a single center study which provides epidemiologic, clinical, and microbiological data of mycetoma cases in different regions of Mexico.
Citation: Bonifaz A, Tirado-Sánchez A, Calderón L, Saúl A, Araiza J, Hernández M, et al. (2014) Mycetoma: Experience of 482 Cases in a Single Center in Mexico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(8): e3102. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003102
Editor: Todd Reynolds, University of Tennessee, United States of America
Received: January 23, 2014; Accepted: July 7, 2014; Published: August 21, 2014
Copyright: © 2014 Bonifaz et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this study.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous disease, associated with a progressive, inflammatory reaction that clinically presents as tumor-like soft tissue swelling with sinus tract formation that drains purulent material containing grains. Mycetoma usually results of traumatic implantation of soil organisms on subcutaneous tissue; can be classified as eumycetoma or actinomycetoma depending on whether the infection is caused by filamentous fungi or aerobic filamentous actinomycetes, respectively , , .
Mycetoma represents a classical neglected disease that primarily affects the poorer populations and rural regions of Africa, Latin America, and Asia at latitudes defined as the “mycetoma belt” where higher mycetoma frequencies are observed. This region is located around the Tropic of Cancer, between latitudes 15° South and 30° North, encompassing the countries with the highest rates of infection including Sudan, Somalia, Senegal, India, Yemen, Mexico, and Venezuela , , . The predominant climate of the “mycetoma belt” is subtropical and dry tropical with an annual average rainfall of about 500–1000 mm and temperatures ranged from 10–20°C to 20–40°C, respectively. This region is characterized by low humidity and low annual rainfall with well-defined alternating rainy and dry seasons. Actinomycetomas caused by Nocardia spp. occur mostly in regions with higher humidity, while actinomycetoma caused by Actinomadura spp. and Streptomyces spp. or eumycetoma occur in drier areas with low relative humidity , , , .
Most causative agents of mycetoma, including fungi and actinomycetes, have been isolated from soil, decaying organic matter, plants and thorns; and, the disease is usually associated with traumatic injury followed by inoculation of the microorganism propagule. There are three main factors associated with the establishment of disease: inoculum size, immune status of the host, and hormonal adaptation (based on the observation that men typically develop the disease) , , , , , .
Epidemiological data from different areas demonstrate that males are more affected (sex ratio 3–4∶1), ranging in age between the third and fourth decades of life (20–40 years). Some studies have reported that 3–5% of cases affect children committed to field-work , , . Mycetoma is common in persons that work in rudimentary conditions without protective garments or shoes leading to the presentation of the illness primarily in poor rural workers or homemakers that participate in outdoor activities. Nearly all cases affect the lower limbs (75%), especially the foot and lower limbs. The nature of the patient's occupation also influences disease presentation, for example lumberjacks and sugarcane carriers generally present with mycetoma on the back , , .
The incubation period is unknown, disease symptoms present months to years after traumatic inoculation, depending on the inoculum size, strain virulence, and the host's immune response . Because reporting mycetoma cases is not mandatory, the worldwide incidence is unknown; however, a recent published meta-analysis by van de Sande reported incidence rates of 3.49 and 1.81 per 100,000 habitants in Mauritania and Sudan, respectively; while Mexico showed the highest rate in Latin American. Although a separate study reported that the number of cases per year in Sudan, Mauritania, and Mexico were 106, 80.7, and 73, respectively , several cases are probably not reported.
The objective in this study was to provide epidemiological, clinical and microbiological data of mycetoma in different regions on Mexico, presenting at a public single center, the General Hospital of Mexico (specialty hospital).
Materials and Methods
The Institutional Review Board approved the retrospective (cross-sectional) analysis of the database and clinical records of the Mycology Department of the Dermatology Service at the General Hospital of Mexico, patients were enrolled between January 1980 and December 2013 (34 years). We included all cases of mycetoma confirmed by microscopic observation of grains by direct examination with 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH), saline solution, and lugol solution. The culture media used were Sabouraud dextrose agar and Yeast extract agar, however, when infection by Actinomadura madurae was suspected, Lowenstein-Jensen agar, and BHI agar (Brain Heart Infusion) were used. Histological examination was performed in some cases using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Grocott's methenamine silver (GMS), and Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS)
Actinomycetes identification was carried out using micro morphological criteria (Gram and Kinyoun stains) as well as biochemical and major phenotypic tests such as urease production, hydrolysis of casein, gelatin, tyrosine, xanthine, hypoxanthine substrates and, growth at 45°C , . Fungal agent identification was based on morphological and reproductive form criteria and on biochemical tests. Some strains were identified using molecular techniques (by amplification and sequence analysis of ribosomal DNA. the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1-α), the partial beta tubulin gene (TUB), and the small subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene [nucSSU]). General epidemiologic and clinical data were extracted from clinical records. All patients remained anonymous and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.
A total of 482 mycetoma cases were included in the present study, one patient presented simultaneously two different mycetomas. Demographic data are described in Table 1.
Figure 1 illustrates the age distribution of mycetoma, and Figure 2 the geographic mycetoma distribution in Mexico. The Pacific Ocean zone including Morelos, Guerrero, and Oaxaca accounted for 284 cases (58.92%) and the Gulf of Mexico zone (including Hidalgo and Veracruz) accounted for 162 cases (33.60%). The remaining 36 cases presented in other states including Chiapas, Tabasco, Puebla, Michoacan, Colima, Jalisco, San Luis Potosi, Durango, Chihuahua, and Baja California.
Most cases were actinomycetomas (92.11%) with a male to female ratio of 2.8∶1. However, this ratio changes in cases due to Actinomadura madurae, of the 42 cases 13 (30.06%) were males and 29 (69.04%) were females with a male∶female ratio of 1∶2.2. Age ranges were classified in decades, the mean age was 34.5 years old (range 7–92 years). Pediatric cases (<18 years old) were 20/482 (4.14%) and 5/482 cases (1.083%) were younger than 15 years old.
Lower limbs were affected in 341 cases (70.74%). Three hundred one cases (62.44%) occurred in the foot, 70 cases (14.52%) affected the upper limbs (36 cases on the hands [7.46%] and 34 on the arms [7.05%]). The trunk was involved in 49 cases (10.16%), 38 (7.88%) of those included back and shoulders. All cases involving multiple sites were associated with multiple traumatic inoculations. In regards to clinical presentation, mycetomas were classified as follows: 468 cases as tumor-like with draining sinuses (97.1%); eight cases as tumor–like without sinuses (1.65%); four cases as verrucous plaque (0.82%) and two as cystic form (0.41%). Eight patients (1.6%) presented lymphatic spread from the original mycetoma lesion: six from the foot to the inguinal area and two from the back to the axillary region. (Figure 3) One patient presented with two mycetomas, each with a distinct causative agent: the one affecting the right foot was caused by Madurella mycetomatis, and the second one affecting the left foot was caused by Fusarium solani complex.
b) Back mycetoma with multiple sinuses caused by N. brasiliensis. c) Extensive mycetoma in an adolescent due to N. brasiliensis. d) Exophytic or tumoral mycetoma caused by Fusarium solani complex.
Etiological agents were identified in 472/482 cases (98.34%). The agent was found in all of the actinomycetoma cases (n = 444 cases). In 430 cases (89.2%) the microorganisms were isolated and identified, and the remaining 14 cases were classified according to the grains observed during direct examination and/or histopathologic analysis. Two cases had double concurrently causative agents: N. asteroides s. l.+N. brasiliensis and N. brasiliensis+A. madurae. Thirty-eight cases were eumycetomas and in 30/38 cases the etiological agents were isolated. Of the remaining seven cases (four hyaline and three melanized-type) only grain observation at direct microscopy was detected without identifying the causative fungi (Table 2) , .
Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous disease generally affecting low-income people including agricultural workers, peasants, or rural workers laboring with limited or no protective garments and soiled tools. The majority of cases (62%) described in this report affected the foot, supporting previous reports , , , and one meta-analysis that described foot as the most common site of infection (68.7% of cases). Since mycetoma presented most often on the feet of individuals living in the Indian endemic region, it explains why initial reports mentioned it as “Madura foot” , , , . Due to the predilection for feet, mycetoma control could be achieved by using appropriate footwear and clothing that protects the limbs. However, it should be emphasized that people living in endemic regions sometimes wear open-toed shoes, mainly due to the warm climate and therefore are less protected against potential trauma , , , .
Mycetoma is associated with high morbidity and low mortality; however, the socioeconomic impact is significant; therefore patients are unable to work, resulting in decreased family income. In addition, treatments are expensive and difficult to maintain due to prolonged course of the disease. Almost all countries located in the “mycetoma belt” do not provide free quality health services or medical insurance , , .
The classical clinical presentation of mycetoma should lead to simple diagnosis based on the identification of a swelling zone with multiple sinus tracts; however, there is a significant lack of information between patients and clinicians, leading to delayed diagnosis and late referral to hospital, and consequently inadequate therapeutic response , , .
This study examined nearly 500 mycetoma cases from a single public hospital, helping to control for variables and facilitated the isolation and identification of the causative agents (the causative agent was classified in most of the cases). Ninety two percent were actinomycetoma and 8% were eumycetoma, in accordance with previous studies . This result differed from one report that identified 3.5% eumycetoma cases this is probably due to the difficult diagnosing these cases until they are finally referred to specialty hospitals. Reports from Latin America , , , and, particularly, studies conducted in Mexico show a predominance of actinomycetoma, in contrast to those made in Africa, India, and Asia where cases of eumycetoma predominate , , , , , . This epidemiological difference can be explained by differences in climate and other environmental factors. The effect of climate is observed in mycetoma cases reported in India , , where the majority of actinomycetoma occur in the northern region, where the climate is subtropical and has a higher annual rainfall; while, eumycetomas occur more often in the southern where the climate is dry tropical, has a low relative humidity, and more constant temperatures. In Mexico, eumycetomas occur in drier areas. This study provides a more accurate number of cases of mycetoma in Mexico (73 new cases per-year) , we believe that mycetoma remains difficult for clinicians to diagnose, for that several cases may be under diagnosed and therefore underreported , , .
In our study, we observed that mycetoma primarily affects men, with a male∶female ratio of almost 3∶1 in our study, in concordance with a previous report about mycetoma incidence in Mexico . This male predominance of micetoma can be attributed to occupational and hormonal aspect , . The role of hormones in disease susceptibility may be explained by the few cases of mycetoma in children and the rapid growth of the lesions and increased in severity during pregnancy. Interestingly, the observed change of male∶female ratio in cases of mycetoma caused by A. madurae (male∶female ratio of 1∶2.2) is partly due to this microorganism is not affected by progesterone and testosterone as with Nocardia brasiliensis , .
Figure 1 shows mycetoma is most prevalent in the third decade of life (63.26%), which represents the most productive ages.
The mean age was 34.5 years, similar to observations were made by van de Sande . Some cases were reported in elderly, however we must consider that the infection may have started many years ago, suggesting that these individuals may have acquired the disease in youth. Moreover, only 4% of the cases were reported in patients <18 years old similar to previously reported studies , . The percentage of children infected in our study (and other reports , ) differed from a report by Fahal et al. that described a 15% infection rate (n = 722) in children in Sudan, this was probably due to their outdoor work activities. However, the same study reported trauma in only 22.5% patients suggesting that different mechanisms of infection that deserve to be clarified , .
The main clinical presentation was tumor-like with draining sinuses; cases presented as tumor-like without sinuses and cystic form were all eumycetomas; verrucous-plaque presentation was rare, the last one is very important since its differential diagnosis include verrucous-tuberculosis, chromoblastomycosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Although lower limbs (predominantly feet) were most commonly affected by mycetoma in our population (similar to the majority of previous reports , , ) it is interesting that the trunk was affected in about 10% of cases (predominantly back and shoulders). A previous Mexican report described and incidence rate of the trunk in 19% of the cases, which was significantly different from the 1.4% rate described for these cases in Sudan . These differences in anatomic regions affected may be explained due to occupation differences; patients in Mexico usually carry wood, sugarcane, or diverse materials on their backs. Mycetoma affecting the trunk should be considered of poor prognosis because of the proximity of lungs, spinal cord, and viscera . It is also important to emphasize that cases presenting with multiple infections were described in immunocompetent patients that suffered multiple traumatic inoculations. Cases associated with lymphatic spread (1.65%) are typically seen in immunocompromised patients (malnutrition, immunosuppressants, malignant tumors, and chronic alcoholism).
Nocardia spp. was the main etiological agent (82.32% of cases), being N. brasiliensis the predominant species (78.21%). The strains were identified using phenotypic tests that lead to the identification of two more species: N. asteroides complex and N. otitidiscaviarum (formerly N. caviae) , . Molecular biology techniques such as PCR and sequencing of 16S rRNA and the hsp65 gene allow the correct identification and classification of Nocardia species . For example, N. mexicana, N. harenae, and N. takedensis were isolated from Mexican patients , , . The second most common causative agent was A. madurae; distributed worldwide , which is easily identified due to the larger (1–3 mm) white-yellowish, soft, wide-fringed border grains. Regardless, A. madurae is more difficult to isolate than Nocardia species, which regularly grow in rich culture media such as Lowenstein-Jensen, BHI-agar. Morphologic analyses leads to the identification of the causative agent, however, confirmation is carried out using phenotypic and temperature tests . Other etiologic agents include A. pelletieri and S. somaliensis commonly found in Africa and Asia. Remarkably, the two cases presented with mixed infections following traumatic inoculation were due to N. brasiliensis+N. asteroides s.l. and N. brasiliensis+A. madurae, respectively, both presented in immunocompetent patients .
The causal agents of eumycetoma represented only 8% of our series, melanized fungi was the most commonly observed (26 cases, 5.39%). Of these, Madurella mycetomatis was the foremost isolated fungi, found in 15 cases, and also considered responsible for 25% of cases worldwide, mainly in Africa and Asia . Some cases have a well-defined history of trauma (e.g., thorn pricks) prior to mycetoma development; however, in some cases a well-defined traumatic event was not identified, de Hoog recently noted that M. mycetomatis is a close relative to dung-inhabiting fungi and suggested that the natural habitat of this fungus could therefore also be dung; trauma or repeated contact with cattle dung could act as an adjuvant for inoculation of causative agents of mycetoma. Identification of Madurella species has been hampered by the absence of sporulation leading to confusion during the identification process. The use of molecular techniques for the identification of specific regions and genes (e.g., rRNA, ITS, parcial β-tubulin gene, RNA polymerase II subunit 2 gene) has defined Madurella species as a cryptic complex belonging to the order Sordariales, consists primarily of M. mycetomatis, M. fahalii, M. tropicana, and M. pseudomycetomatis . Identification of the infecting agent is critical since differences in thermal adaptation and susceptibility to antifungal agents exist between strains. M. grisea has been reclassified and now belongs to the order Pleosporales and named Trematospheria grisea. It should be noted that the latter was more frequently reported as a cause of mycetoma than M. mycetomatis in a recent report from Mexico ; however, difficulties in morphological and phenotypic identification could have led to confusion. Other melanized fungi further characterized by molecular biology techniques was Exophiala jeanselmei and Cladophialophora bantiana, which are common agents of phaeohyphomycosis ; and Cladophialophora mycetomatis, considered new specie . Regarding hyaline fungi, Scedosporium boydii (Syn: Scedosporium apiospermum, Pseudallescheria boydii), was the foremost isolated strain (similar to other studies) , , , . Mycetomas due to Fusarium have been previously described , , we found F. solani in two cases; interestingly, one of them was microscopically classified as F. chlamydosporum, but was reclassified using molecular biology as part of the Fusarium solani complex (CBS 135554). One case resulted from infection with Aspergillus nidulans, an agent rarely reported and identified morphologically for the presence of Hülle cells. A case resulting from Microsporum canis infection was classified as pseudomycetoma because of the rarity of the agent as a mycetoma pathogen and usually development as consequence of a chronic tinea capitis, typically seen in immunocompromised patients in the absence of traumatic inoculation , .
The study has limitations inherent to its design, however, provides important information about the status of mycetoma in Mexico. The study results can be generalized only to our population (Mexico); although the geographical areas studied has similarities with other world regions in terms of climate, distribution of etiologic agents and sociocultural conditions.
Mycetoma fulfills all the criteria of a neglected tropical disease , , . It is extremely important to monitor cases and their causative agents, as a mean to understand the epidemiology of the disease, and to establish interventions for prevention, treatment and rehabilitation.
Conceived and designed the experiments: AB ATS LC AS RMP. Performed the experiments: JA MH GMG. Analyzed the data: AB ATS JA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AB ATS LC MH GMG. Wrote the paper: AB LC RMP. Conducted special studies for the identification and susceptibility of some strains: GMG MH.
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- 29. Khatri ML, Al-Halali HM, Fouad Khalid M, Saif SA, Vyas MC (2002) Mycetoma in Yemen: clinicoepidemiologic and histopathologic study. Int J Dermatol 41: 586–593.
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- 34. Rodriguez-Nava V, Couble A, Molinard C, Sandoval H, Boiron P, et al. (2004) Nocardia mexicana sp. nov., a new pathogen isolated from human mycetomas. J Clin Microbiol 42: 4530–4535.
- 35. Kresch-Tronik NS, Carrillo-Casas EM, Arenas R, Atoche C, Ochoa-Carrera LA, et al. (2012) Nocardia harenae, an uncommon causative organism of mycetoma: report on two patients. J Med Microbiol 61: 1153–1155.
- 36. Kresch-Tronik NS, Carrillo-Casas EM, Arenas R, Atoche C, Del Río-Ávila C, et al. (2013) First case of mycetoma associated with Nocardia takedensis. J Dermatol 40: 135–136.
- 37. de Hoog GS, Ahmed SA, Najafzadeh MJ, Sutton DA, Keisari MS, et al. (2013) Phylogenetic findings suggest possible new habitat and routes of infection of human eumycetoma. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 16;7(5): e2229
- 38. de Hoog GS, van Diepeningen AD, Mahgoub el S, van de Sande WW (2012) New species of Madurella, causative agents of black-grain mycetoma. J Clin Microbiol 50: 988–994.
- 39. Yera H, Bougnoux ME, Jeanrot C, Baixench MT, De Pinieux G, et al. (2003) Mycetoma of the foot caused by Fusarium solani: identification of the etiologic agent by DNA sequencing. J Clin Microbiol 41: 1805–1808.
- 40. Katkar VJ, Tankhiwale SS, Kurhade A (2011) Fusarium solani mycetoma. Indian J Dermatol 56: 315–317.
- 41. Joshi KR, Mathur DR, Sharma JC, Vyas MC, Sanghvi A (1985) Mycetoma caused by Aspergillus nidulans in India. J Trop Med Hyg 8: 41–44.
- 42. Botterel F, Romand S, Cornet M, Recanati G, Dupont B, et al. (2001) Dermatophyte pseudomycetoma of the scalp: case report and review. Br J Dermatol 145: 151–153.
- 43. Tirado-González M, Ball E, Ruiz A, Rodriguez Y, Goudet CE, Finkel O, et al. (2012) Disseminated dermatophytic pseudomycetoma caused by Microsporum species. Int J Dermatol 51: 1478–1482.
- 44. Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME, Franco-Paredes C, Ault SK, Periago MR (2008) The neglected tropical diseases of Latin America and the Caribbean: a review of disease burden and distribution and a roadmap for control and elimination. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 24;2(9): e300 | <urn:uuid:ba8f3927-98a3-41ad-b8fe-f3caa0ac20d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0003102 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.896969 | 8,188 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Google has been forced to pay £4.6m to US authorities after it collected people's personal information, including emails, passwords, web histories as it compiled data for its Street View mapping service.
The company intercepted the information through home wireless networks as Street View cars photographed homes between 2008 and 2010.
Google has also agreed to destroy the data collected from 38 US states and the District of Columbia, and said they were "pleased" with the agreement.
In a statement, the firm said: ‘We work hard to get privacy right at Google. But in this case we didn’t, which is why we quickly tightened up our systems to address the issue.
‘The project leaders never wanted this data, and didn’t use it or even look at it. We’re pleased to have worked with Connecticut Attorney General George Jepsen and the other state attorneys general to reach this agreement.’
Google is also claiming that the collection of the information was the result of a piece of script put in by a rogue coder which they didn't spot.
This is the largest penalty that Google has paid so far in the US for snooping.
As well as the fine, Google is also required to have a training program about privacy and data use which it must continue for at least 10 years.
It must also launch a public service campaign to educate consumers about how to secure their information on wireless networks. | <urn:uuid:da17bb78-1608-4ba0-8aa5-e8aca534479c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.digitalstrategyconsulting.com/intelligence/2013/03/google_fined_46m_for_street_view_data_snooping.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00159-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977707 | 296 | 1.664063 | 2 |
STAVANGER, Norway, Aug. 28 (UPI) -- Norwegian energy company Statoil announced it made an oil discovery while drilling off the eastern coast of Canada.
Statoil said it discovered oil in the Flemish Pass Basin off the coast of Newfoundland. The discovery was made in the Bay du Nord prospect and is the second such discovery so far this year.
"The success of Bay du Nord is the result of an ambitious and targeted drilling campaign in the Flemish Pass Basin," Statoil exploration executive Vice President Tim Dodson said in a statement Tuesday. "This discovery is very encouraging."
The Bay du Nord prospect is about 12 miles south of the company's Mizzen discovery. That discovery, which Statoil announced last year, is estimated to hold at least 100 million barrels of oil.
"We are now planning to return to the area for further appraisal drilling in the future," Dodson said.
Newfoundland Natural Resources Minister Tom Marshall told The Financial Post in a mid-August interview more foreign interest was needed offshore.
Crude oil production off Newfoundland declined from 370,000 barrels per day in 2007 to less than 200,000 bpd last year because of maintenance issues. | <urn:uuid:716fe4e9-ea93-410f-906b-03ab598247a8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Energy-Industry/2013/08/28/Statoil-finds-oil-off-Newfoundland/UPI-37501377687718/?rel=22081377688796 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954859 | 246 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Can a chiropractor help rotator cuff pain?
The good news is that a chiropractor can help individuals rehabilitate rotator cuff injuries without surgery.
What is the best treatment for rotator cuff injury?
How is a rotator cuff injury treated?
- applying hot or cold packs to the affected shoulder to reduce swelling.
- exercises to restore strength and range of motion.
- injecting the affected area with cortisone, a steroid that helps to reduce inflammation.
- resting the affected arm and wearing a sling to isolate arm motions.
What should you not do with a rotator cuff injury?
Some of the exercises that people should stay away from include:
- Throwing a ball in an overhead fashion, particularly heavy balls.
- Avoid swimming, in particular, the strokes that involve an overhand motion.
- Lifting weights that place stress on the shoulder and rotator cuff.
What type of doctor should I see for rotator cuff injury?
If you have injured your shoulder or have chronic shoulder and arm pain, it is best to see your orthopaedic surgeon. He or she can then make a diagnosis and begin treatment. Your doctor may recommend a diagnostic imaging study such as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan or an ultrasound to confirm the diagnosis.
How do you strengthen your rotator cuff?
Rotator cuff exercises
- Lie flat on the back, extend the arms and legs, and engage the abdominal muscles.
- Reach one arm toward the ceiling, lifting it until the shoulder blade comes off the floor.
- Hold for 5 seconds.
- Return arm to the floor.
- Repeat on the other side.
What happens if you don’t fix a torn rotator cuff?
Without any treatment—either rest and rehabilitation or surgery—rotator cuff disorders may get worse. Over time, you may have more pain. You may lose range of motion and strength in your shoulder, making it harder to do your daily activities.
How do you tell if rotator cuff is torn or strained?
Signs of a rotator cuff tear include:
- Difficulty and pain caused by raising your arm.
- Popping or clicking sounds or sensations when moving your arm.
- Shoulder pain that worsens at night or when resting your arm.
- Shoulder weakness and struggling to lift items.
How can I make my rotator cuff heal faster?
3 Little-Known Ways to Help Your Rotator Cuff Heal Faster
- Take nutritional supplements. Some experts advocate taking nutritional supplements to help a rotator cuff tear heal. …
- Stop smoking. If you have surgery for your rotator cuff tear, then you should stop smoking. …
- Change your sleeping position.
Should you exercise a rotator cuff injury?
It may be all you need to treat an injured rotator cuff. PT is a way to get back strength and movement after an injury. It includes things like exercise, ice, heat, massage, and equipment to help return your shoulder back to its normal range of motion. | <urn:uuid:70979f80-c200-4539-8a9f-0ff6a7931602> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://burgettstownpt.com/chiropractor/can-a-chiropractor-treat-a-rotator-cuff-injury.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.889164 | 632 | 1.75 | 2 |
Biomaterials and scaffolds for tissue engineering
Every day thousands of surgical procedures are performed to replace or repair tissue that has been damaged through disease or trauma. The developing field of tissue engineering (TE) aims to regenerate damaged tissues by combining cells from the body with highly porous scaffold biomaterials, which act as templates for tissue regeneration, to guide the growth of new tissue. This article describes the functional requirements, and types, of materials used in developing state of the art of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Furthermore, it describes the challenges and where future research and direction is required in this rapidly advancing field. | <urn:uuid:23719083-b670-4ba1-b492-e9292927ed4c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://repository.rcsi.com/articles/journal_contribution/Biomaterials_and_scaffolds_for_tissue_engineering/10765571/1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.952812 | 125 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Oil prices have climbed towards $52 on worries about supply problems in the Gulf of Mexico and low oil inventories.
The price of light sweet crude rose 39 cents to $51.48 a barrel in New York, the highest in its 21-year history.
In London, Brent North Sea crude oil gained 42 cents to $47.55 a barrel, also a new all-time summit.
“There is a grim realisation that there is a chronic shortage of light sweet crude in the world,” analysts said.
“Real panic is setting in, and the hurricane-related bad weather is still causing a backlog in US imports, so this afternoon’s results will be interesting to say the least,” they added.
Almost 27% of Mexico’s 1.7 million barrels of daily production is still disrupted, according to the US Department of the Interior.
More than 15 million barrels, 2.5% of Mexico’s annual oil production, have been affected. | <urn:uuid:0e10e942-77b1-4500-94ab-1d297c547baa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.resilience.org/stories/2004-10-05/panic-sets-oil-prices-hit-new-high/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00479-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939424 | 208 | 1.554688 | 2 |
New way to identify interacting proteins could identify potential drug targets.
Rhythmic expression of key genes is essential for maintaining proper timekeeping of the body’s clock. In addition, rhythmic degradation of clockwork proteins is also crucial. However, surprisingly, researchers know little about these specific processes.
A new Penn-led study describes a new genome screen that identified partner molecules of cell-waste disposal proteins. The team led by John Hogenesch, PhD, a professor of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics in the Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania and Jason DeBruyne, PhD, a former postdoctoral fellow in the Hogenesch lab and now an assistant professor at Morehouse School of Medicine in Atlanta, applied their new method to identifying other clock partners that target a multipurpose cell nucleus receptor for disposal. Their findings were published online ahead of print in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
“Our goal was not really to study clock biology,” said senior author Hogenesch. “Rather, our aim was to develop a genome-wide screen to identify key players involved in protein stability and breakdown.”
The proteins they were looking for are called ligases. These recognize specific proteins and direct the addition of a molecule onto waste proteins to dispatch the protein to be recycled to the proteosome. This is the cell compartment that breaks up used proteins into its basic amino acids.
To validate the screen, the team tagged several of their favorite clock proteins with a short protein tag that’s easily recognized by antibodies. The team then used high throughput imaging to see what ligases increase and decrease the levels of their favorite clock proteins in cells. They found that the ligase Fbxl3 was a regulator of Cry proteins, critical components of the core clock. They also found that a protein called Seven in absentia 2 (Siah2) is a key regulator of the turnover of a well-studied, clock nuclear protein called RevErbα on a 24-hour cycle.
Certain ligases, like Fbxl3, can be targeted with small molecules. “These ligases are being actively developed in drug discovery efforts,” Hogenesch noted. “Most proteins don’t bind with small molecules. With this screen, we may be able to overcome that limitation by finding the ligase that regulates their levels and function. Small molecules against the ligase, then, could indirectly regulate the amount and therefore activity of the ‘undruggable’ protein.”
The researchers hope that by applying this new method, more ligase drug targets can be found and developed into new therapies across the spectrum of health challenges.
About this genetics and neuroscience research
Coauthors are Julie E. Baggs and Trey K. Sato, both from Penn.
Funding: This work was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health P50 Conte Center (MH074924) the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01 NS054794, U54 NS083932), the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities (8G12MD007602); the National Institute General Medical Sciences (SC1 GM109861), and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA-D12AP00025).
Source: Karen Kreeger – University of Pennsylvania Image Source: The image is in the public domain Original Research: Full open access research for “Ubiquitin ligase Siah2 regulates RevErbα degradation and the mammalian circadian clock” by Jason P. DeBruyne, Julie E. Baggs, Trey K. Sato, and John B. Hogenesch in PNAS. Published online October 6 2015 doi:10.1073/pnas.1501204112
Ubiquitin ligase Siah2 regulates RevErbα degradation and the mammalian circadian clock
Regulated degradation of proteins by the proteasome is often critical to their function in dynamic cellular pathways. The molecular clock underlying mammalian circadian rhythms relies on the rhythmic expression and degradation of its core components. However, because the tools available for identifying the mechanisms underlying the degradation of a specific protein are limited, the mechanisms regulating clock protein degradation are only beginning to be elucidated. Here we describe a cell-based functional screening approach designed to quickly identify the ubiquitin E3 ligases that induce the degradation of potentially any protein of interest. We screened the nuclear hormone receptor RevErbα (Nr1d1), a key constituent of the mammalian circadian clock, for E3 ligases that regulate its stability and found Seven in absentia2 (Siah2) to be a key regulator of RevErbα stability. Previously implicated in hypoxia signaling, Siah2 overexpression destabilizes RevErbα/β, and siRNA depletion of Siah2 stabilizes endogenous RevErbα. Moreover, Siah2 depletion delays circadian degradation of RevErbα and lengthens period length. These results demonstrate the utility of functional screening approaches for identifying regulators of protein stability and reveal Siah2 as a previously unidentified circadian clockwork regulator that mediates circadian RevErbα turnover.
“Ubiquitin ligase Siah2 regulates RevErbα degradation and the mammalian circadian clock” by Jason P. DeBruyne, Julie E. Baggs, Trey K. Sato, and John B. Hogenesch in PNAS. Published online October 6 2015 doi:10.1073/pnas.1501204112 | <urn:uuid:d2fb0656-b6b5-4628-bfdb-5ec4a2dba658> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://neurosciencenews.com/circadian-clock-siah2-2838/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.914502 | 1,167 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Every state has a professional registration requirement for geologists. Some states even regulate oceanographers as professional geologists if they offer their services to the public or government as independent contractors. Registration is not required of geologists who do not perform consulting, management or scientific services.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics groups registered professional geologists under the broader job category of geoscientists, excluding hydrologists and geographers. The average salary for this group was $97,700 a year as of May 2010. The median salary was $84,470 a year. The highest-paid 10 percent earned $170,510 or more, while the lowest-paid 10 percent earned $45,940 or less.
Salaries By Industry
The BLS reports that the biggest employers of geoscientists as of May 2011 were providers of architectural, engineering or related services. The 7,430 workers in this industry earned an average annual wage of $82,450. The next biggest industry, oil and gas extraction, paid an average of $139,390 a year. This was also the highest average salary among all industries.
Highest Salaries By State
Oklahoma paid the highest mean wages to geoscientists as of May 2011, at $142,310 a year. Texas was next at an average of $130,200 a year, followed by Alaska at $104,360. The state with the most geoscientists, California, paid an average of $88,390 a year.
According to employment projections by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the number of jobs for geoscientists should rise 21 percent between 2010 and 2020. This is faster than the average for all occoupations. Strong opportunities await geology graduates with a master's degree. Many of the new jobs will be as consultants, or in the oil and gas industry. Professional registration will be required to fill these positions.
- LexisNexis: Tennessee Code 62-36-103 (5) and (7)
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Occupational Outlook Handbook - Geoscientists
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2011 19-2042 Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers
- Geology.com: Geologist Salaries and the Economic Slowdown
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Occupational Outlook Handbook - Geoscientists - Job Outlook
- Comstock/Comstock/Getty Images | <urn:uuid:fad60ccb-d359-4b41-9198-2643520a9a9b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://work.chron.com/average-salary-registered-professional-geologist-6421.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00192-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94973 | 513 | 2.390625 | 2 |
What is a Hub?
A hub is a local organizing group affiliated with Mass-Care's statewide campaign to win Medicare for All. It's the basic unit of grassroots, neighbor-to-neighbor outreach about Medicare for All.
Our goal is to have at least one hub in each state rep district in Mass., carrying out effective organizing work.
A hub can be:
- a group specifically created to advocate for single-payer healthcare (e.g., South Shore M4A) OR
- a multi-issue organization that commits to supporting single-payer organizing work in a particular town or area (e.g., River Valley DSA)
A hub’s primary goal is to build support within their district for Medicare for All, and mobilize on behalf of single-payer legislation. A hub takes primary responsibility for their State Rep, and works in collaboration with neighboring hubs in lobbying their State Senator and Members of Congress.
Building hubs in every district is the pathway to a strong grassroots movement across the state that will enable us to win Medicare for All in the State House, and to move the Mass. delegation in Congress.
How to Form a Hub
Hubs agree to carry out the responsibilities described below and to work in a collaborative way with our Grassroots Organizing (GO!) Team.
- To be listed as a Hub, an organization (or group of activists) will first organize an action for Medicare for All. A canvass, a phonebank, or delegation to your legislators are some ideas; if your group needs further education on M4A, an educational event might be appropriate.
- A Hub should have an on-boarding process to plug new activists into organizing work, designating a primary contact person(s) for new people in your district who want to get involved. Mass-Care will list contact info for every Hub in the state on its website. An “on-boarding process” can be as simple as a monthly meeting that new folks can attend, or it could be someone designated to have 1-on-1 meetings with new volunteers, to help them get involved.
- Finally, each Hub should work with Mass-Care to develop a strategic plan to move their legislators. For legislators not on board with single-payer legislation, this means trying to win them over as co-sponsors; for legislators who are already co-sponsors, it means trying to move them into leadership roles such as joining the Medicare for All Caucus, co-hosting events in the district, and convincing other legislators, especially those on the Health Care Finance Committee.
Resources to start your own hub:
View our powerpoint presentation on hub organizing from 2019 Boston Medicare for All Organizing Meeting | <urn:uuid:1a914b3c-3c46-4676-ae23-48ac5db81317> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://masscare.org/resources-local-organizing-tool-kit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.959876 | 557 | 1.859375 | 2 |
November 17th, 2000, 12:13 AM
I just need some help with creating the new tables in mySQL.
I'm trying to create a mysqldump.sql file that will allow me to create a few tables in phpMyAdmin by simply running it as a SQL query, and I have all the "CREATE TABLE...." set up just fine, but I saw this one script that has the option that looks if the table to be created already exists, and if it does then it is overwritten with the one I have stated.
This is a one line code but I just can't remember what it was, so if any of you guys can help me out, I'd really appreciate it
November 17th, 2000, 01:22 AM
drop if exists tablename;
November 17th, 2000, 01:54 AM
That's the one! | <urn:uuid:91975c2a-e897-4de5-87f0-988946996b2c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://forums.devshed.com/mysql-help-4/replacing-tables-newbie-question-3014.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00139-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955994 | 183 | 1.710938 | 2 |
On January 16, 1919, the ratification of the 18th amendment was certified by the US Congress. This amendment had been ratified by 46 of 48 states and said:
Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.
Section 2. The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
The 18th amendment was repealed by the 21st amendment on December 5, 1933.
Before I started researching for this article, what I thought I knew about the prohibition era went something like this: The 18th amendment was passed. Organized crime took over in New York and Chicago. The mob thrived. People danced “the Charleston”. Al Capone got arrested for tax evasion. And eventually the 18th amendment was repealed by the 21st. It occurred to me recently that learning more about prohibition era America might provide some useful lessons for today, so I have done some reading. I am still far from expert on the period, but what I have learned so far is absolutely fascinating.
What strikes me most about prohibition and its repeal is that this is a familiar recipe. We have seen how nullification helped pave the way to freedom for Pennsylvania’s black population during the 19th century. Pennsylvania’s resistance to the federal fugitive slave acts spanned decades and included jury nullification, individual nullification in the form of the underground railroad, state-level nullification in the form of personal freedom acts, and electoral efforts at the national level, eventually culminating in the Civil War and the 13th amendment.
Similarly, the Whiskey Rebellion, consisted of a combination of jury nullification, individual nullification in the form of non-compliance, and organized nullification in the western counties of many of the states. It came to fruition when Thomas Jefferson was elected President. Jefferson appointed Pennsylvanian and accused whiskey rebel, Albert Gallatin, to be his Treasury Secretary and to oversee the repeal of the unpopular whiskey tax.
This article will demonstrate how the same basic template was used in order to bring about the 21st amendment. Can the nullification deniers continue to bury their heads in the sand when nullification has played a role in not one, but two Constitutional amendments? It’s sort-of hard to argue that nullification isn’t a valid part of the Constitutional process when there are two real, live, examples where nullification was part of the process that led up to a Constitutional amendment.
Was Prohibition Constitutional?
I am aware that this question seems almost nonsensical. How could an amendment to the Constitution possibly be unconstitutional? The thing to remember, though, is that prohibition involved more than just the 18th amendment. After the amendment came federal legislation, and after that came interpretations by the Supreme Court. I would invite you to look at section 1 of the amendment again. What was actually prohibited by the amendment? According to Last Call, the phrase “intoxicating liquors” was intentionally chosen in order to be misleading.
This conscious dodge had enabled fence-sitters, conflict avoiders, and wishful thinkers to support the amendment in the hope that the eventual definition would leave room for some of the milder forms of liquid stimulation.
When you see the word “liquor” in that amendment, does it include “beer”? I don’t know what the language was in 1919, but to my understanding, beer, wine, and liquor are three different types of alcoholic drinks. The amendment was enabled by the Volstead Act, which prohibited drinks with more than 0.5% alcohol, including beer and wine. This is a classic bait and switch. Is an agreement valid when it is made under intentionally false pretense? Jack S. Blocker, Jr. wrote in the Journal of the American Public Health Association,
The Volstead Act defined “intoxicating” as containing 0.5% or more alcohol by volume, thereby prohibiting virtually all alcoholic drinks. The brewers, who had expected beer of moderate strength to remain legal, were stunned, but their efforts to overturn the definition were unavailing.
The Supreme Court’s decisions upheld Congress’ bait and switch and added on some power grabs of its own. Section 2 of the amendment said that the federal government and the states had concurrent enforcement power. According to Robert Post of Yale Law School, writing in the William and Mary Law Review, over the prohibition years, the supreme court modified its interpretations of the 4th, 5th, and 10th amendments in order to uphold the Volstead Act and interpret the enforcement power in the 18th amendment expansively. The court allowed wiretaps without a warrant, allowed a person to be charged twice for the same crime under state and federal statutes, and allowed warrantless searches of motor vehicles – establishing the “reasonable suspicion” standard.
Post writes that Supreme Court Justice McReynolds sputtered in dissent to United States vs. Carroll:
“Has it come about that merely because a man once agreed to deliver whisky, but did not, he may be arrested whenever thereafter he ventures to drive an automobile on the road to Detroit!”
And to that, political scientist Robert Cusman answered:
Simplistically – the phrase concurrent enforcement could mean two things. It could mean that the states enforce the law in their own spheres of influence – inside their borders; and the federal government enforces it in its sphere – interstate commerce and foreign trade. This understanding would not have involved reinterpreting the Bill of Rights.
Post cites advocates as arguing,
the dual sovereignty in our federal system of Nation and State each supreme within its own sphere did not signify a merely functional division of labor between state and federal governments, but instead a fundamental constitutional commitment, symbolized by the Tenth Amendment, to maintain ‘state control over local affairs.’
Instead of accepting this argument, which would have left the Bill of Rights intact, the court interpreted it to mean that the federal government could enforce the amendment anywhere, including domains that had been reserved to the states by the Tenth Amendment. Post goes on to say,
- San Diego Mayor Calls for Jury Nullification (thcfinder.com)
- Nullification 101: A Intro to Defending Liberty (tenthamendmentcenter.com)
- States react to fed agenda with nullification (wnd.com)
- Mayor Filner Calls for “Jury Nullification” in Federal Marijuana Prosecution (obrag.org)
- Nullification – The Rightful Remedy and Our Last Hope (ncrenegade.com)
- Mo. Gov. May Allow Gun Control Nullification to Pass Without His Signature (rinf.com)
- Time to Nullify the Drug Laws (fff.org)
- Americans answer to feds: Nullification (wnd.com) | <urn:uuid:cbc5d52c-24e1-46bb-97f1-d47935b4dff6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://familysurvivalprotocol.com/2013/05/30/yet-another-nullification-success-story/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00298-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959457 | 1,507 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Fortifications built during the 17th or 18th centuries were designed to withstand artillery bombardment by cannon, mortars and guns of all sizes. They have a distinctive star shape ground plan with sharp-pointed bastions and thick earth walls, some faced with stone. The outer defences consisted of a broad external ditch, beyond which was the glacis (the open killing ground). Associated with these fortifications are barracks and other buildings, as well as a parade ground.
Fort George, near Inverness, was built after the Jacobite uprising of 1745-6. It is still used as a military barracks as well as being a visitor attraction. These sites are noted on historical OS maps as well as on certain contemporary military maps held in the National Library of Scotland. | <urn:uuid:091e9012-42b7-4535-8041-dd8cb303b79c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hlamap.org.uk/types/3/defence/post-medieval-fortification | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.98919 | 161 | 4 | 4 |
In addition to the environmental scan and the development of the searchable catalog of programs, AIR investigated consumer perspectives on the advantages and disadvantages of different characteristics of patient safety education and training programs. For this effort, AIR leveraged contacts at nine health organizations with whom AIR and/or AHRQ has partnered over the years on various projects. In accordance with the exploratory nature of this investigation, the sample was limited to key organizational contacts. Exhibit 13 provides a list of key contacts by organization.
Exhibit 13. Key Contacts by Partner Health Organization
|Sisters of Saint Mary Health||Andrew Kosseff, MD|
|Duke Health Systems||Laura Maynard, MDiv|
|Mayo Clinic||Lori Scanlan-Hanson, RN, MS|
|University of Central Florida||Bethany Ballinger, MD|
|Shady Grove Hospital||Tony Slonim, MD, DrPH|
|University of Minnesota||Karyn Baum, MD, MSEd|
|Carilion Clinic||Charlotte Hubbard, RN|
|University of North Carolina||Celeste Mayer, RN, PhD|
|Maryland Patient Safety Commission||Inga Adams-Pizarro, MHS and
C. Patrick Chaulk, MD, MPH
AIR initially designed the interviews with contacts at the partner health organizations to help direct the environmental scan and data abstraction process. However, the interviews also afforded the opportunity to gather input on the interviewees' perspectives on patient safety education and training programs as consumers of these programs. Although there was no formal interview protocol, AIR presented a few topics to consider prior to the interview to stimulate thinking about patient safety programs.
- What patient safety education and training programs are in place at your organization?
- Which patient safety education and training programs are you most familiar with?
- Which of the programs have been most successful and why?
Partner health organization contacts were invited to speak freely about patient safety programs at their organization and their views on these programs in general. Each interview lasted approximately 30 minutes.
Themes from the Qualitative Analysis
AIR conducted a qualitative analysis of the interview notes to identify key themes emerging across the interviews. It is important to reiterate that the purpose of these interviews was to help direct the environmental scan and design of the searchable database. The input from these interviews highlighted several interesting issues that AHRQ may want to consider before developing, implementing, or marketing new patient safety programs or products. Further, the interviews were not conducted as part of a rigorous evaluation of consumer perspectives and, therefore, simply reflect input from organizations with which AIR and AHRQ have previously worked. Due to the small sample size and informal nature, the results are not generalizable and may not be representative of all patient safety program consumers.
Six key themes emerged from the nine interviews as follows (in order of issues discussed most frequently): (1) customization, (2) self-build, (3) cost, (4) perceived effectiveness, (5) evaluation and measurement, and (6) "Patient Safety 101." In this section, we present an overview of these themes.
- Customization, Self-Build, and Cost. Interviewees identified a need to adapt patient safety programs to specific organizational needs. This may mean tying new programs into larger organizational structures and curricula or modifying programs to suit trainee level of expertise. Without the ability to customize programs, organizations may feel compelled to create their own patient safety education and training programs. There is a perception among some that this may be more cost effective than buying an off-the-shelf program. In other cases, an organization may find the perfect patient safety program but not be able to use it because of prohibitive cost. Due to misconceptions about the cost and adaptability of programs, there are many well designed, customizable, comprehensive, reasonably priced programs note being used by consumers.
- Perceived Effectiveness and Evaluation and Measurement. An organization's decision to use a specific patient safety program can be very subjective, and programs are often judged by their perceived effectiveness. One reason organizations rely on perceived effectiveness is that no repository currently exists to capture objective information about programs and their impact. Evaluation and measurement of patient safety education and training programs may be weak or hard to find, particularly at the higher levels of evolution (Kirkpatrick levels 3 and 4).
- Patient Safety 101. Interviewees generally agreed that all health care organizations ought to provide some introductory patient safety class or training for their staff. However, the nature and form of such a class is likely to vary significantly by organization, and no standards exist as to what information needs to be taught based on the target audience. Thus, there is no standardized introduction to patient safety. | <urn:uuid:c5b35030-ce9a-42b1-b022-b027bf50e4ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/final-reports/environmental-scan-programs/envscan-program3.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.942788 | 979 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Individual Retirement Accounts, also known as Individual Retirement Arrangements or IRAs, are accounts that hold investments intended to cover the expenses you have after you quit working. When you fall behind on your taxes, however, it becomes a real possibility that the Internal Revenue Service will seek a levy against you. Contrary to what many investors believe, IRAs are subject to levies.
Section 6334 of the Internal Revenue Code indicates what properties are exempt from levies by the Internal Revenue Service. Although this section does make some allowances for certain annuities and pension payments such as those issued under the Railroad Retirement Act, it does not list Individual Retirement Accounts. This is reiterated in the Internal Revenue Manual in Section 220.127.116.11.1, which further states that no other properties are exempt from levy and that no local or state law can exempt property from levy to cover federal tax debt. Section 18.104.22.168, "Notice of Levy in Special Cases," also lists IRAs as a retirement account that may be levied. Under these codes, the IRS can and does garnish and levy IRAs.
When the IRS Garnishees IRAs
Section 22.214.171.124 of the Internal Revenue Manual clearly indicates that IRAs are not exempt from levy. However, this section of the manual also stipulates that the IRS will levy only in "flagrant cases." In other words, the IRS will not automatically go after your IRA. Because the IRS recognizes that the IRA is a tool that provide for the welfare of the IRA owner, it does not attempt to levy IRAs unless it has no other options available. The IRS usually tries to get you to liquidate other assets first or tries to levy accounts not tied to your retirement. Levy of an IRA is a last resort to collect what you owe in taxes.
The IRS assesses a 10 percent penalty on non-qualified distributions, or withdrawals, from an IRA when the distribution does not occur in accordance with IRA regulations. IRA regulations stipulate that the penalty applies to any withdrawal taken prior to age 59 1/2. When the IRS levies your IRA, the withdrawal the IRS takes counts as a distribution. However, the IRS recognizes that people whose IRAs are under a levy likely will not be able to pay the 10 percent penalty. They thus waive the penalty, as explained by Ken Golliher of BankersOnline.com and Mike Habib of Myirstaxrelief.com.
Taxpayers have many options to prevent a levy on their IRAs. For instance, you might be able to tap into the equity in your home to get a loan that covers the payments. Looking over your previous tax returns and correcting errors via amended returns also may reduce the liability you have. Additionally, it is generally a mistake to think that cashing out the IRA will protect your funds from an IRS levy. IRS levies may attach to any assets or property you have that is not exempted under Section 6334 of the Internal Revenue Code, so simply transferring the money from one account to another or using it to purchase property will not help. It's best to be direct with the IRS about your situation to see what your options are as soon as you start to get behind on the debt.
- Comstock/Comstock/Getty Images | <urn:uuid:ca1743dd-86b0-4ae0-8310-75fd0f49880b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://thefinancebase.com/irs-right-garnish-levy-ira-3398.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00508-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951034 | 672 | 2 | 2 |
Adam Savage is more than “from Mythbusters”. He’s an intelligent man and a champion for science. He’s also a very good speaker.
This TED video (technically TED Ed and enhanced with animations) has Adam walk the audience through how ideas can lead to scientific discoveries. Example include how Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the Earth around 2000 BC and how Hippolyte Fizeau was able to measure the speed of light in 1849 using just basic equipment. | <urn:uuid:778601bb-62f6-465f-a00c-c65190e4a252> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.geeknative.com/26821/adam-savage-on-how-ideas-lead-to-discoveries/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.933774 | 110 | 2.625 | 3 |
From jewellery collections to big-name partnerships and product launches, more brands than ever are celebrating Black History Month this year in ways that truly give back. As we enter the back half of the important month, following a year of historic protest movements and calls for change thanks to movements like Black Lives Matter, it’s crucial that we put our money where our mouths are. Thanks to companies like Apple and beloved entertainers like Tynomi Banks, we can. Here, some of the month’s best Black History Month products that benefit worthy causes.
Roots collaborated with The Black Academy
Roots is selling made-in-Toronto face masks that offer a snug, contoured fit with improved breathability — and for a good cause. For every mask purchased on roots.com this month, the Canadian company will donate a portion of the proceeds to The Black Academy, an organization founded by Shamier Anderson and Stephan James, dedicated to celebrating Black talent across the country.
Apple released its Black Unity collection
Designed to acknowledge and celebrate Black history and culture, this collection features a limited-edition Apple Watch Series 6, the Black Unity Sport Band and a Unity watch face. Available as of February 1, the launch was inspired by the call-to-action of both current and historic movements, and pays homage to the rich tradition of craft quilting in the Black community, celebrating the colours of the Pan-African flag, according to the brand.
The band, made from individual pieces of coloured fluoroelastomer, is laser-engraved with “Truth. Power. Solidarity.” The watch face boasts an ever-transforming pattern, changing as the Apple Watch moves.
Apple is supporting six global organizations — Black Lives Matter Support Fund via the Tides Foundation; European Network Against Racism; International Institute on Race, Equality and Human Rights; Leadership Conference Education Fund; NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc.; and Souls Grown Deep — with the proceeds from its sale.
Tynomi Banks released a line of apparel with Black Lives Matter Canada
Iconic Toronto-based drag entertainer and Canada’s Drag Race alum Tynomi Banks has officially partnered with Black Lives Matter Canada in honour of Black History Month. Together, they’ve created an exclusive line of merchandise in support of the movement.
The collection features hoodies and T-shirts, with text like “Protect Queer Black Youth,” “Black Lives Matter” and “Anti-Racist” on them. Another options features a photo of Banks, wearing a “Black Lives Matter” outfit, on the front. For the whole month, a portion of the proceeds will be donated to the movement.
Boma collaborated with The Cura Co. on a new jewellery collection
View this post on Instagram
Sustainable jewellery brand Boma has ramped up its diversity and inclusion efforts with the release of a new collection in partnership with The Cura Co. Sales from the “This Matter” Collection raise funds for organizations working in the pursuit of racial justice and redistribution. The diversity-focused line features a BLM “Power Pendant,” a “Say Their Names” slogan necklace and a raised fist “Power Signet” ring.
Available in sterling silver and sustainable brass, 100% of the proceeds go to the Black College Matters fund by Save Your VI, a non-profit organization dedicated to advocacy for Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
The brand has also renewed their grant program, founded in 2020, for Black jewellery designers, and is committed to new initiatives that support diversity and inclusion.
Wuxly partnered with three local Black artists
Sustainable outerwear brand Wuxly has partnered with three local Black artists to create one-of-a-kind art pieces in honour of Black History Month. The brand gave Jabari Elliott, Imani Busby and Tafari Steele each one of their jackets to use as a canvas for their work. The jackets are currently on sale for $999 each, and all of the proceeds will go to a charity of the artist’s choice.
Révolutionnaire collaborated with Roots on a t-shirt
Founded with the purpose of “democratizing dance” and “revolutionizing nude apparel,” and now incorporating a wider scope of social empowerment initiatives, Révolutionnaire — a platform managed by sisters Nia Faith and Justice Faith — has partnered with Roots on the creation of a t-shirt to celebrate Black History Month. A donation from the sales of the shirts will go to The Black Academy, a Toronto-based division of the arts-focused not-for-profit B.L.A.C.K. (Building A Legacy in Acting, Cinema and Knowledge) Canada.
Artists partnered with Peloton instructors on an activewear collection
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The line of activewear released by Peloton features 18 pieces — everything from leggings to tank tops — designed by four Black artists. The pieces feature names like “Light The Way,” “Bring Your Whole Self” and “United We Move” and help bring to life the strength and zeal of Black history, according to Peloton. | <urn:uuid:602217fe-f008-4293-93ca-9fa4a707a758> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://absolutewellness.me/2021/02/17/honour-black-history-month-with-one-of-these-buys/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.916964 | 1,092 | 1.515625 | 2 |
The EU left Italy to deal with the refugee crisis alone “for many years” before realizing it was a pan-European issue, Franco Frattini, Italy’s former foreign minister who has also served as European Commissioner for Justice, Freedom, and Security, told RT.
Dealing with the EU’s immigration policies was part of Frattini’s job on the European Commission. He said powerful members of the alliance like Germany were reluctant to speak out against the status quo.
“The situation was not changing at all through the years. Then suddenly [they] realized that migration is a European issue, not a Sicilian or Italian or Greek. They realized [that there were] Balkan routes. At that moment they said: ‘Oh! We need border sharing, we need a distribution, we need to block our external borders,’” he said.
Frattini said that, during his tenure as a European Commissioner, he had suggested measures to make the EU’s borders more secure, but they were rejected.
“President of the European Commission [Jean-Claude] Juncker said a few days ago, ‘Frattini’s plan was never adopted; we need to re-propose it now ten years later.’ I’m not saying this to say I was good. But unfortunately Europe is lacking vision and leadership to address migration,” he said.
Now the problem has grown into one of the most important issues facing the EU, Frattini said. Attitudes towards refugees is now a key factor in elections all across Europe.
“In France, Marine Le Pen wants to get votes on [the refugee issue] and the government is rejecting it. Germany is going to election. This is one of the most important points at stake. The rightists are getting votes in all the regional elections in Germany on this. Austria will likely vote for an anti-migrant president, again on this. They close the border between Austria and Italy for weeks and months on this!” he said.
Frattini also spoke to RT about the ongoing stand-off in Syria, where the violence has continued since the US broke off cooperation with Russia on a ceasefire and is reportedly considering attacking Syrian government forces.
The former minister said the current wave of confrontational rhetoric is unlikely to lead to any breakthrough in Syria, and that the key players must cooperate and compromise to find a meaningful solution to the crisis.
READ MORE: No sign US is seriously battling Al-Nusra; calls not to fly over Aleppo suspicious – Lavrov
“Some years ago, [US] President [Barack] Obama made a formal proposal to the European allies to go to war against Assad. And he realized even his closest ally, [then-UK Prime Minister David] Cameron, did not find a majority in the House of Commons. And the proposal has been withdrawn,” Frattini said.
“Then we moved from the failed proposal to go to war to an opposite proposal – to cooperate on Assad to dismantle [the Syrian] chemical arsenal. Russia, the East, Europe agreed, and it was the only successful example of cooperation since the beginning of the crisis in Syria. So my moral is: cooperation – success; fighting, confrontation, threats – failure.”
Pubblicato da Franco Frattini il giorno 10.10.16. per la sezione aleppo, eu, Europa, europe, immigrazione, In primo piano, rifugiati, siria, UE, Ultime Notizie, Ultimi post . Puoi essere aggiornato sui post, i commenti degli utenti e le risposte utilizzando il servizio di RSS 2.0. Scrivi un commento e partecipa anche tu alla discussione su questo tema. | <urn:uuid:fa384b33-5843-461b-a609-2b103933e60c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://francofrattinidiarioitaliano.blogspot.com/2016/10/europe-lacks-vision-leadership-to.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00045-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96632 | 818 | 1.828125 | 2 |
The importance of a healthy diet is paramount in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. But with different sources proclaiming their own health mantras, it can be very confusing to find out what to eat. This article provides a list of the healthiest food stuff for a balanced diet.
A single lemon has more Vitamin C than the regulated dietary intake. Lemon juices are not only known to reduce cholesterol levels, but also boost the complexion and strengthen your bones.
Citrus Flavonoids are proven to arrest the growth of cancer cells and reduce inflammation in organs. So, add a slice of lemon to your green tea for a healthier cuppa! Studies have found that citric acid present in lemon, increases your body's ability to absorb the antioxidants in the tea by about 80 percent. Squeeze in the juice of half a lemon into a glass of warm water with honey, to flush the body of its accumulated toxins.
A medium-sized stalk of broccoli contains more Vitamin K than the regulated dietary requirement. It also contains double the amount of Vitamin C. A good intake will ensure proper growth and maintenance of your bones.
With its anti-carcinogenic properties, it has been proved to ward of different types of cancer. Put a healthy dose of broccoli in your salads and soups. Make it a regularly consumed vegetable and watch as your health improves.
3. Dark Chocolate
Just one-fourth of an ounce daily can reduce blood pressure in otherwise healthy individuals. Cocoa powder is rich in flavonoids and antioxidants,
which have shown to reduce ‘bad’ LDL cholesterol and increase ‘good’ HDL levels. Shave off a little bit of dark chocolate on your coffee and savour the great aroma and taste.
A potato contains 66 micrograms of cell-building folate, which equals the nutrients present in a cup of spinach or broccoli. Sweet potatoes contain almost
eight times the amount of cancer-fighting and immune-boosting vitamin A you need daily. A quick tip: Let your boiled potato cool before eating. Research shows that doing so can help you burn up to 25 percent more fat after a meal, thanks to fat-resistant starch.
It is a great source of omega-3 fatty acids, which have been proved to reduce risks of depression, heart disease, and cancer. Daily consumption of about 3
ounces of salmon accounts for 50 percent of your daily dose of niacin, which in the long run protects against Alzheimer's disease and memory loss. Wild salmon contains 16 times as much toxic polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) in comparison to the cultured varieties.
Walnuts contain the most omega-3 fatty acids, among all the nuts. This helps reduce cholesterol. Omega-3 has been shown to improve mood swings and improve blood circulation and result
in good skin. They are also active agents in fighting cancer. Feeling sleep deprived? Eat a few for dessert: The antioxidant melatonin, found in walnuts, helps to regulate sleep.
Also known as the butter fruit, avocados are rich in healthy and satisfying fats proven to lower cholesterol by about 22 percent. It contains more than half the
dietary fibre and 40 percent of the daily folate needs. This reduces your risk of heart disease. Adding it to your salad can increase the absorption of beta-carotenes by three to five times.
Garlic is a powerful disease fighter that can inhibit the growth of bacteria, including E. coli. Allicin, a compound found in garlic, works as a potent anti-inflammatory and has been shown to
help lower cholesterol and blood-pressure levels. Crushed fresh garlic releases the most amount of allicin. Just don't overcook; garlic exposed to high heat for more than 10 minutes loses important nutrients. Consuming the above-mentioned foodstuff will not only boost your immune system but will also help in regulating the body functions. | <urn:uuid:c25d7ac9-49a1-43ff-a34f-1da5eea66176> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://lover800.blogspot.com/2013/05/what-are-healthiest-foods.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00504-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93301 | 798 | 2.96875 | 3 |
So before we talk about how to help a body that lacks a "gallbladder" . . . let's talk about one more element to a normal healthy body.
And that would be the connection between the "gallbladder" and our "hormones".
Okay . . . this is important people . . . SO LISTEN UP . . .
There's actually a hormone called "Cholecystokinin" . . . which is secreted by cells of the upper part of the small intestine. And "cholecystokinin" stimulates a normal "gallbladder" to "contract" and release "stored" bile into the small intestine so we can digest our food.
But . . . what happens if there's NO "gallbladder" to stimulate???
Well . . . "cholecystokinin" NOW "increases gastroesophageal reflux. Why you ask???
Well . . . without a "gallbladder" to stimulate . . . "cholecystokinin" now "relaxes" the lower esophageal sphincter . . . which is like a rubber band that expands and contracts to let food into the stomach and stops stomach acids from going back up the esophagus.
So "without" a "gallbladder . . . this hormone may "now" cause acid reflux every time we eat . . . especially if it's high fat foods
Okay . . . so another important element is this . . .
"Bile" is an important component to the elimination of "estrogen" and its metabolites through the liver.
So without a "gallbladder" . . . "bile" can become "sluggish" and lead to sluggish hormone "elimination" like with "estrogen"!!!!!
So it's "imperative" that we STOP "sluggish" bile.
Okay . . . . so how does the body "compensate" when the "gallbladder" is removed???
Well . . . "bile" is now "LESS" concentrated and drains more continuously into the small intestine . . . where it can have a "LAXATIVE" EFFECT.
Meaning . . . without a "gallbladder" . . . you may find yourself with "diarrhea" after you eat.
So is this all making sense yet people???
Well tomorrow, we'll talk about a few ways to help correct these problems and a "missing" element conventional medicine "DOESN'T" tell us after we have our "gallbladder" removed.
As always, feel free to DM or contact me at: miraclemeadows.net/contact/ | <urn:uuid:d8d5974b-e649-4e91-b1a6-0489217e223d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.miraclemeadows.net/post/the-gallbladder-and-hormone-connection | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.912421 | 571 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Operation and Ph Control of A Wastewater Treatment Unit Using Labview
Engineering and Technology Journal,
2010, Volume 28, Issue 17, Pages 5524-5546
AbstractLABVIEW is a powerful and versatile graphical programming language that
had its roots in operation, automation control and data acquisition of the system. The pH control system of a non-linear wastewater treatment unit, contains heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni and Zn), had been developed depending on dynamics behavior of the process. The pH value of wastewater is change by addition chemicals (lime or Na2S). The semi-batch pH process system dynamically behaved as a first order lag with dead time. The tuning of control parameters was carried by
several methods; Internal Model Control (IMC), Minimum (ITAE) criteria and Adaptive mode. Since the process was fast, the Integral of Absolute of Error (IAE) criteria was used to compare between the above tuning methods. Adaptive control was the best and effective to determining the values of proportional gain (Kc), Integral time constant (t I) and Derivative time constant (t D ).PI mode was found to be the best for control the fast pH process.
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- PDF Download: 13 | <urn:uuid:2e27d8c2-6673-4963-aa8e-5197f714d10b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://etj.uotechnology.edu.iq/article_38957.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.918651 | 264 | 2.140625 | 2 |
The disproportionately lower number of certain subpopulations participating in clinical and prevention research has a significant impact on the representativeness of scientific outcomes and result in social and clinical injustices.(1) Latinos are one of the fastest growing population groups in the United States and in Western New York and mirror blacks in their perception of equally high levels of risk for participating in cancer screening examinations and for volunteering to become research participants in biomedical studies.(2) This proposal will investigate strategies to engage Latinos in Buffalo with scientists at Roswell Park Cancer Institute to increase mutual understanding of each other and participation in biospecimen donation for cancer prevention research, thereby, obtaining pilot data on variations in the types of biospecimens donated (i.e., saliva and/or blood). We will build on our existing partnership with a cohort of more than 500 Latina women and men who participated in a community-based breast and cervical cancer educational prevention inten/ention program (Study Title: Esperanza y Vida) to address the following specific aims: 1) Investigate the perceptions, knowledge and beliefs of representatives from the Latino community in Buffalo to determine how these perceptions are likely to impact participation in research using the Pata Bank &BioRepository (PBBR) as a focus, 2) Pevelop a pilot community-friendly intervention to enhance knowledge, understanding, intent, and participation in research by Latino residents that focuses on participation in the PBBR, 3) Investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of educating and recruiting Latina women and their families to biospecimen donation for research through community-based methods and interventions within the Esperanza y Vida study cohort as measured through attendance, surveys and study participation. Results from tiiis study are expected to identify specific barriers, challenges, and assets to research participation with our local Latino communities; and the technical accommodations necessary for a research institution and community partners to recruit, accrue, and analyze measures related to cancer research. This can lead to specific testable research hypotheses, potential for future environmental epidemiological CBPR studies, and provide guidelines and a foundation for building Latino community capacity around research projects.
|Kiviniemi, Marc T; Jandorf, Lina; Erwin, Deborah O (2014) Disgusted, embarrassed, annoyed: affective associations relate to uptake of colonoscopy screening. Ann Behav Med 48:112-9|
|Dang, Julie H T; Rodriguez, Elisa M; Luque, John S et al. (2014) Engaging diverse populations about biospecimen donation for cancer research. J Community Genet 5:313-27|
|Mahoney, Martin C; Erwin, Deborah O; Widman, Christy et al. (2014) Formative evaluation of a practice-based smoking cessation program for diverse populations. Health Educ Behav 41:186-96|
|Mahoney, Martin C; Masucci Twarozek, Annamaria; Saad-Harfouche, Frances et al. (2014) Assessing the delivery of cessation services to smokers in urban, safety-net clinics. J Community Health 39:879-85|
|Rodriguez, Elisa Marie; Torres, Essie T; Erwin, Deborah O (2013) Awareness and interest in biospecimen donation for cancer research: views from gatekeepers and prospective participants in the Latino community. J Community Genet 4:461-8| | <urn:uuid:97ab34cb-3465-4035-b1c6-8ee7150e0d1c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/U54-CA153598-04-7881 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00559-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.869789 | 695 | 2.015625 | 2 |
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