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by Gerald A. Perreira
The conflict in Libya is not a revolution, but a counter-revolution. The struggle “is fundamentally a battle between Pan-African forces on the one hand, who are dedicated to the realization of Qaddafi's vision of a united Africa, and reactionary racist Libyan Arab forces who reject Qaddafi's vision of Libya as part of a united Africa.” The so-called Black African “mercenaries” are misnamed. “As a result of Libya's support for liberation movements throughout Africa and the world, international battalions were formed” which are part of the Libyan armed forces.
Libya, Getting it Right: A Revolutionary Pan-African Perspective
by Gerald A. Perreira
“The media and their selected commentators have done their best to manufacture an opinion that Libya is essentially the same as Egypt and Tunisia.”
Thousands of Indians, Egyptians, Chinese, Filipinos, Turks, Germans, English, Italians, Malaysians, Koreans and a host of other nationalities are lining up at the borders and the airport to leave Libya. It begs the question: What were they doing in Libya in the first place? Unemployment figures, according to the Western media and Al Jazeera, are at 30%. If this is so, then why all these foreign workers?
For those of us who have lived and worked in Libya, there are many complexities to the current situation that have been completely overlooked by the Western media and 'Westoxicated' analysts, who have nothing other than a Eurocentric perspective to draw on. Let us be clear - there is no possibility of understanding what is happening in Libya within a Eurocentric framework. Westerners are incapable of understanding a system unless the system emanates from or is attached in some way to the West. Libya's system and the battle now taking place on its soil, stands completely outside of the Western imagination.
News coverage by the BBC, CNN and Al Jazeera has been oversimplified and misleading. An array of anti-Qaddafi spokespersons, most living outside Libya, have been paraded in front of us – each one clearly a counter-revolutionary and less credible than the last. Despite the clear and irrefutable evidence from the beginning of these protests that Muammar Qaddafi had considerable support both inside Libya and internationally, not one pro-Qaddafi voice has been allowed to air. The media and their selected commentators have done their best to manufacture an opinion that Libya is essentially the same as Egypt and Tunisia and that Qaddafi is just another tyrant amassing large sums of money in Swiss bank accounts. But no matter how hard they try, they cannot make Qaddafi into a Mubarak or Libya into Egypt.
“Libya's system and the battle now taking place on its soil, stands completely outside of the Western imagination.”
The first question is: Is the revolt taking place in Libya fuelled by a concern over economic issues such as poverty and unemployment as the media would have us believe? Let us examine the facts.
Under the revolutionary leadership of Muammar Qaddafi, Libya has attained the highest standard of living in Africa. In 2007, in an article which appeared in the African Executive Magazine, Norah Owaraga noted that Libya, “unlike other oil producing countries such as Nigeria and Saudi Arabia, utilized the revenue from its oil to develop its country. The standard of living of the people of Libya is one of the highest in Africa, falling in the category of countries with a GNP per capita of between USD 2,200 and 6,000.”
This is all the more remarkable when we consider that in 1951 Libya was officially the poorest country in the world. According to the World Bank, the per capita income was less than $50 a year - even lower than India. Today, all Libyans own their own homes and cars. Two Fleet Street journalists, David Blundy and Andrew Lycett, who are by no means supporters of the Libyan revolution, had this to say:
“The young people are well dressed, well fed and well educated. Libyans now earn more per capita than the British. The disparity in annual incomes... is smaller than in most countries. Libya's wealth has been fairly spread throughout society. Every Libyan gets free, and often excellent, education, medical and health services. New colleges and hospitals are impressive by any international standard. All Libyans have a house or a flat, a car and most have televisions, video recorders and telephones. Compared with most citizens of the Third World countries, and with many in the First World, Libyans have it very good indeed.” (Source: Qaddafi and the Libyan Revolution)
Large scale housing construction has taken place right across the country. Every citizen has been given a decent house or apartment to live in rent-free. In Qaddafi’s Green Book it states: “The house is a basic need of both the individual and the family, therefore it should not be owned by others.” This dictum has now become a reality for the Libyan people.
Large scale agricultural projects have been implemented in an effort to “make the desert bloom” and achieve self-sufficiency in food production. Any Libyan who wants to become a farmer is given free use of land, a house, farm equipment, some livestock and seed.
“The standard of living of the people of Libya is one of the highest in Africa.”
Today, Libya can boast one of the finest health care systems in the Arab and African World. All people have access to doctors, hospitals, clinics and medicines, completely free of all charges. The fact is that the Libyan revolution has achieved such a high standard of living for its people that they import labor from other parts of the world to do the jobs that the unemployed Libyans refuse to do. Libya has been called by many observers inside and out, “a nation of shop keepers.” It is part of the Libyan Arab psyche to own your own small business and this type of small scale private enterprise flourishes in Libya. We can draw on many examples of Libyans with young sons who expressed the idea that it would be shameful for the family if these same young men were to seek menial work and instead preferred for them to remain at home supported by the extended family.
No system is perfect, and Libya is no exception. They suffered nine years of economic sanctions and this caused huge problems for the Libyan economy. Also, there is nowhere on planet earth that has escaped the monumental crisis of neo-liberal capitalism. It has impacted everywhere – even on post revolutionary societies that have rejected “free market” capitalism. However, what we are saying is that severe economic injustice is not at the heart of this conflict. So then, what is?
A Battle for Africa
The battle that is being waged in Libya is fundamentally a battle between Pan-African forces on the one hand, who are dedicated to the realization of Qaddafi's vision of a united Africa, and reactionary racist Libyan Arab forces who reject Qaddafi's vision of Libya as part of a united Africa and want to ally themselves instead with the EU and look toward Europe and the Arab World for Libya's future.
One of Muammar Qaddafi's most controversial and difficult moves in the eyes of many Libyans was his championing of Africa and his determined drive to unite Africa with one currency, one army and a shared vision regarding the true independence and liberation of the entire continent. He has contributed large amounts of his time and energy and large sums of money to this project and like Kwame Nkrumah, he has paid a high price.
Many of the Libyan people did not approve of this move. They wanted their leader to look towards Europe. Of course, Libya has extensive investments and commercial ties with Europe but the Libyans know that Qaddafi’s heart is in Africa.
Many years ago, Qaddafi told a large gathering, which included Libyans and revolutionaries from many parts of the world, that the Black Africans were the true owners of Libya long before the Arab incursion into North Africa, and that Libyans need to acknowledge and pay tribute to their ancient African roots. He ended by saying, as is proclaimed in his Green Book, that “the Black race shall prevail throughout the world.” This is not what many Libyans wanted to hear. As with all fair skinned Arabs, prejudice against Black Africans is endemic.
Brother Leader, Guide of the Revolution and King of Kings are some of the titles that have been bestowed on Qaddafi by Africans. Only last month Qaddafi called for the creation of a Secretariat of traditional African Chiefs and Kings, with whom he has excellent ties, to co-ordinate efforts to build African unity at the grassroots level throughout the continent, a bottom up approach, as opposed to trying to build unity at the government/state level, an approach which has failed the African unification project since the days of Kwame Nkrumah and Sekou Toure. This bottom up approach is widely supported by many Pan Africanists worldwide.
African Mercenaries or Freedom Fighters?
In the past week, the phrase “African mercenaries” has been repeated over and over by the media and the selected Libyan citizens they choose to speak to have, as one commentator put it, “spat the word ‘African’ with a venomous hatred.”
The media has assumed, without any research or understanding of the situation because they are refusing to give any air time to pro-Qaddafi forces, that the many Africans in military uniform fighting alongside the pro-Qaddafi Libyan forces are mercenaries. However, it is a myth that the Africans fighting to defend the Jamahiriya and Muammar Qaddafi are mercenaries being paid a few dollars and this assumption is based solely on the usual racist and contemptuous view of Black Africans.
Actually, in truth, there are people all over Africa and the African Diaspora who support and respect Muammar Qaddafi as a result of his invaluable contribution to the worldwide struggle for African emancipation.
“It is a myth that the Africans fighting to defend the Jamahiriya and Muammar Qaddafi are mercenaries being paid a few dollars.”
Over the past two decades, thousands of Africans from all over the continent were provided with education, work and military training – many of them coming from liberation movements. As a result of Libya's support for liberation movements throughout Africa and the world, international battalions were formed. These battalions saw themselves as a part of the Libyan revolution, and took it upon themselves to defend the revolution against attacks from within its borders or outside.
These are the Africans who are fighting to defend Qaddafi and the gains of the Libyan revolution to their death if need be. It is not unlike what happened when internationalist battalions came to the aid of the revolutionary forces against Franco's fascist forces in Spain.
Malian political analyst, Adam Thiam, notes that “thousands of Tuaregs who were enrolled in the Islamic Legion established by the Libyan revolution remained in Libya and they are enrolled in the Libyan security forces.”
African Migrants under Attack
As African fighters from Chad, Niger, Mali, Ghana, Kenya and Southern Sudan (it should be noted that Libya supported the Sudanese People’s Liberation Army under John Garang in their war of liberation against Arab hegemonists in Khartoum, while all other Arab leaders backed the Khartoum regime) fight to defend this African revolution, a million African refugees and thousands of African migrant workers stand the risk of being murdered as a result of their perceived support for Qaddafi.
One Turkish construction worker described a massacre: “We had 70-80 people from Chad working for our company. They were cut dead with pruning shears and axes, attackers saying: ‘You are providing troops for Qaddafi. The Sudanese were also massacred. We saw it for ourselves.”
This is a far cry from what is being portrayed in the media as “peaceful protesters” being set upon by pro-Qaddafi forces. In fact, footage of the Benghazi revolt shows men with machetes, AK 47s and RPGs. In the Green Book, Qaddafi argues for the transfer of all power, wealth and arms directly into the hands of the people themselves. No one can deny that the Libyan populace is heavily armed. This is part of Qaddafi's philosophy of arms not being monopolised by any section of the society, including the armed forces. It must be said that it is not usual practice for tyrants and dictators to arm their population.
Qaddafi has also been very vocal regarding the plight of Africans who migrate to Europe, where they are met with racism, more poverty, violence at the hands of extreme right wing groups and in many cases death, when the un-seaworthy boats they travel in sink.
“Qaddafi has also been very vocal regarding the plight of Africans who migrate to Europe.”
Moved by their plight, a conference was held in Libya in January this year, to address their needs and concerns. More than 500 delegates and speakers from around the world attended the conference titled “A Decent Life in Europe or a Welcome Return to Africa.”
“We should live in Europe with decency and dignity,” Qaddafi told participants. “We need a good relationship with Europe not a relationship of master and slave. There should be a strong relationship between Africa and Europe. Our presence should be strong, tangible and good. It’s up to you as the Africans in the Diaspora. We have to continue more and more until the unity of Africa is achieved.
From now on, by the will of God, I will assign teams to search, investigate and liaise with the Africans in Europe and to check their situations...this is my duty and role towards the sons of Africa; I am a soldier for Africa. I am here for you and I work for you; therefore, I will not leave you and I will follow up on your conditions.”
Joint committees of African migrants, the United Nations, the African Union, the European Union and international organizations present at the conference discussed the need to coordinate the implementation of many of the conference's recommendations.
Statements are appearing all over the internet from Africans who have a different view to that being perpetuated by those intent on discrediting Qaddafi and the Libyan revolution. One African commented:
“When I was growing up I first read a comic book of his revolution at the age of ten. Since then, as dictators came and went, Colonel Qaddafi has made an impression on me as a man who truly loves Africa! Libyans could complain that he spent their wealth on other Africans! But those Africans he helped put in power, built schools and mosques and brought in many forms of development showing that Africans can do for themselves. If those Africans would abandon him to be swallowed by Western Imperialism and their lies and just let him go as a dictator in the name of so-called democracy...if they could do that...they should receive the names and fate that the Western press gives our beloved leader. If there is any one person who was half as generous as he is, let them step forward.”
And another African comments:
“This man has been accused of many things and listening to the West who just recently were happy to accept his generous hospitality, you will think that he is worse than Hitler. The racism and contemptuous attitudes of Arabs towards Black Africans has made me a natural sceptic of any overtures from them to forge a closer link with Black Africa but Qaddafi was an exception.”
This counter-revolutionary revolt caught everyone, including the Libyan authorities, by surprise. They knew what the media is not reporting: that unlike Egypt and Tunisia and other countries in the region, where there is tremendous poverty, unemployment and repressive pro-Western regimes, the Libyan dynamic was entirely different. However, an array of opportunistic forces, ranging from so-called Islamists, Arab-Supremacists, including some of those who have recently defected from Qaddafi's inner circle, have used the events in neighbouring countries as a pretext to stage a coup and to advance their own agenda for the Libyan nation. Many of these former officials were the authors of, and covertly fuelled the anti-African pogrom in Libya a few years ago when many Africans lost their lives in street battles between Africans and Arab Libyans. This was a deliberate attempt to embarrass Qaddafi and to undermine his efforts in Africa.
Qaddafi has long been a thorn in the Islamists side. In his recent address to the Libyan people, broadcast from the ruins of the Bab al-Azizia compound bombed by Reagan in 1986, he asked the “bearded ones” in Benghazi and Jabal al Akhdar where they were when Reagan bombed his compound in Tripoli, killing hundreds of Libyans, including his daughter. He said they were hiding in their homes applauding the US and he vowed that he would never allow the country to be returned to the grip of them and their colonial masters.
Al Qaeda is in the Sahara on his borders and the International Union of Muslim Scholars is calling for him to be tried in a court. One asks why are they calling for Qaddafi's blood? Why not Mubarak who closed the Rafah Border Crossing while the Israeli's slaughtered the Palestinians in Gaza. Why not Bush, Cheney, Rumsfeld and Blair who are responsible for the murder of millions of Muslims in Iraq and Afghanistan?
“An array of opportunistic forces, ranging from so-called Islamists, Arab-Supremacists, including some of those who have recently defected from Qaddafi's inner circle, have used the events in neighbouring countries as a pretext to stage a coup.”
The answer is simple - because Qaddafi committed some “cardinal sins.” He dared to challenge their reactionary and feudal notions of Islam. He has upheld the idea that every Muslim is a ruler (Caliph) and does not need the Ulema to interpret the Quran for them. He has questioned the Islam of the Muslim Brotherhood and Al Qaeda from a Quranic/theological perspective and is one of the few political leaders equipped to do so. Qaddafi has been called a Mujaddid (this term refers to a person who appears to revive Islam and to purge it of alien elements, restoring it to its authentic form) and he comes in the tradition of Jamaludeen Afghani and the late Iranian revolutionary, Ali Shariati.
Libya is a deeply traditional society, plagued with some outmoded and bankrupt ideas that continue to surface to this day. In many ways, Qaddafi has had to struggle against the same reactionary aspects of Arab culture and tradition that the holy prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was struggling against in 7th century Arabia – Arab supremacy/racism, supremacy of family and tribe, historical feuding tribe against tribe and the marginalisation of women. Benghazi has always been at the heart of counter-revolution in Libya, fostering reactionary Islamic movements such as the Wahhabis and Salafists. It is these people who founded the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group based in Benghazi which allies itself with Al Qaeda and who have, over the years, been responsible for the assassination of leading members of the Libyan revolutionary committees.
These forces hate Qaddafi's revolutionary reading of the Quran. They foster an Islam concerned with outward trappings and mere religiosity, in the form of rituals, which at the same time is feudal and repressive, while rejecting the liberatory spirituality of Islam. While these so-called Islamists are opposed to Western occupation of Muslim lands, they have no concrete programmatic platform for meaningful socio-economic and political transformation to advance their societies beyond semi-feudal and capitalist systems which reinforce the most backward and reactionary ideas and traditions. Qaddafi's political philosophy, as outlined in the Green Book, rejects unfettered capitalism in all its manifestations, including the “State capitalism” of the former communist countries and the neo-liberal capitalist model that has been imposed at a global level. The idea that capitalism is not compatible with Islam and the Quran is not palatable to many Arabs and so-called Islamists because they hold onto the fallacious notion that business and trade is synonymous with capitalism.
Getting it Right
Whatever the mistakes made by Qaddafi and the Libyan revolution, its gains and its huge contribution to the struggle of oppressed peoples worldwide cannot and must not be ignored. Saif Qaddafi, when asked about the position of his father and family, said this battle is not about one man and his family, it is about Libya and the direction it will take.
That direction has always been controversial. In 1982, The World Mathaba was established in Libya. Mathaba means a gathering place for people with a common purpose. The World Mathaba brought together revolutionaries and freedom fighters from every corner of the globe to share ideas and develop their revolutionary knowledge. Many liberation groups throughout the world received education, training and support from Muammar Qaddafi and the Libyan revolution including ANC, AZAPO, PAC and BCM of Azania (South Africa), SWAPO of Namibia, MPLA of Angola, The Sandinistas of Nicaragua, The Polisario of the Sahara, the PLO, The Native American Movements throughout the Americas, The Nation of Islam led by Louis Farrakhan to name but a few. Nelson Mandela called Muammar Qaddafi one of this century’s greatest freedom fighters, and insisted that the eventual collapse of the apartheid system owed much to Qaddafi and Libyan support. Mandela said that in the darkest moments of their struggle, when their backs were to the wall, it was Muammar Qaddafi who stood with them. The late African freedom fighter, Kwame Ture, referred to Qaddafi as “a diamond in a cesspool of African misleaders.”
“Nelson Mandela called Muammar Qaddafi one of this century’s greatest freedom fighters.”
The hideous notion being perpetuated by the media and reactionary forces, inside and outside of Libya, that this is just another story of a bloated dictatorship that has run its course is mis-information and deliberate distortion. Whatever one’s opinions of Qaddafi the man, no one can deny his invaluable contribution to human emancipation and the universal truths outlined in his Green Book.
Progressive scholars in many parts of the world, including the West, have acclaimed The Green Book as an incisive critique of capitalism and the Western Parliamentary model of multi-party democracy. In addition, there is no denying that the system of direct democracy posited by Qaddafi in The Green Book offers an alternative model and solution for Africa and the Third World, where multi-party so-called democracy has been a dismal failure, resulting in poverty, ethnic and tribal conflict and chaos.
Every revolution, since the beginning of time, has defended itself against those who would want to roll back its gains. Europeans should look back into their own bloody history to see that this includes the American, French and Bolshevik revolutions. Marxists speak of Trotsky and Lenin’s brutal suppression of the Kronstadt rebellion by the Red Army as being a “tragic necessity.”
Let's get it right: The battle in Libya is not about peaceful protestors versus an armed and hostile State. All sides are heavily armed and hostile. The battle being waged in Libya is essentially a battle between those who want to see a united and liberated Libya and Africa, free of neo-colonialism and neo-liberal capitalism and free to construct their own system of governance compatible with the African and Arab personalities and cultures and those who find this entire notion repugnant. And both sides are willing to pay the ultimate price to defend their positions.
Make no mistake, if Qaddafi and the Libyan revolution are defeated by this opportunistic conglomerate of reactionaries and racists, then progressive forces worldwide and the Pan African project will suffer a huge defeat and set back.
Gerald A. Perreira has lived in Libya for many years and was an executive member of the World Mathaba. He can be contacted at [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:9e80bf8e-8112-4631-b509-70daee5989a6> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://blackagendareport.com/content/libya-getting-it-right-revolutionary-pan-african-perspective | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720972.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00252-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969947 | 4,999 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Fourth-grader may be the youngest girl in Colorado to summit famed 19,340-foot peak
Helen Simons “HS” Berenyi, 9-year-old Silverton resident and a fourth grader at Silverton School, summited Mount Kilimanjaro on Friday, Jan. 10 at 10:08 a.m, Tanzanian time.
“HS,” just six days short of her 10th birthday was one of four climbers who successfully summited with She Climbs, a nonprofit organization whose mission is to build and strengthen the self-esteem of female individuals of all ages, one mountain climb at a time.
This is Berenyi’s first time climbing and living on a mountain for seven days.
“I want all 10-year-olds out there to know that you can do just about anything you want to,” Helen said at the summit.
While fact-checking is still underway, HS appears to be the youngest Colorado resident, and potentially the youngest American female to ever summit Mount Kilimanjaro, the tallest peak on the African continent, topping out at 5,895 meters or 19,340 feet above sea level.
Kilimanjaro is one of the famous “Seven Summits” of the world.
Alexis, “Lexi” Peats, age 11 of Perrysburg, Ohio, also summited with her mother, Suzanne Peats.
“These two are amongst the youngest kids in my 371 summits of Kilimanjaro, said Lead Climbing Guide, “Raj” Rajabu Hasan of KCB, a local Tanzanian climbing outfitter. “They were strong from the first day to the last day, with no signs of AMS (Acute Mountain Sickness). The girls made it to the summit in 7-1/2 hours. Some of my climbers have taken 12 hours in the past,” said Hasan.
Dubbed the “Binti Group” by Hasan, (Binti in Swahili means daughter), the girls are amongst She Climbs’ first organized trip.
“As we launch She Climbs it only seemed natural that we form mother-daughter teams from my personal sphere of climbers that I have previously climbed with” said Cokie Berenyi, Helen Berenyi’s mom and founder of She Climbs and investment firm, Alphavest.com.
Despite this being She Climbs’ first trip, the organization and mission have been evolving since 2006 shortly after Berenyi gave birth to her second daughter.
“As a new mother of two girls I was terrified of all that could go wrong with raising girls,” Berenyi said. “It was very clear to me that the key to successfully raising them was to do everything I could to build their self-esteem and confidence—this was when the idea of She Climbs was born.”
Cokie first summited Mount Kilimanjaro in 2010, which served as She Climbs research effort.
“Reaching summits of this altitude require great focus, determination and persistence and the personal satisfaction of reaching the top is intoxicating and motivating. It is a great environment to test your mental and physical limits and grow your confidence, all of which which can be a powerful tool in navigating life. Climbing is an excellent venue to achieve the goals of She Climbs” said Suzanne Peats or “Mama Lexi” to the Trip Guides and Tanzanian support team.
Mandy Ramsden, principal at QuestCo and Johannesburg, South Africa resident, helped in organizing the successful Kilimanjaro summit trip.
Ramsden is South Africa’s first woman to summit the “7 Summits” of the world and serves on She Climbs’ Advisory Board.
“Cokie and I climbed together in Bolivia in 2011. She approached me then about supporting She Climbs and I have been thrilled to be a part of supporting women of all ages build, re-build and find themselves on mountains,” said Ramsden.
Sheldon Kerr, a Colorado resident, and professional mountain guide who actively guides on Kilimanjaro, Denali and in the Cascades also assisted in the trip’s organization. Kerr also serves on She Climbs’ Board.
“I knew the girls could do it. The key was whether or not they wanted the summit bad enough. Clearly they did!” Kerr said.
For more about She Climbs’ program and mission, visit www.she-climbs.org or call (843) 670-2622. | <urn:uuid:40b8f230-f2d1-4cd8-81f7-425a18762f72> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.silvertonstandard.com/news.php?id=706 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00044-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96567 | 990 | 1.59375 | 2 |
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There Is An Important Difference Between “LOVE & FRIENSHIP”. . . While The Former Delights In Extreme & Opposites , The Latter Demands Equality . . . | <urn:uuid:03f0bdbf-f375-4689-9410-d1fad4db7fb0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.smsrule.com/decent-sms/staying-far-never-breaks-relation.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00474-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.740075 | 313 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Communities have critical knowledge, experience and capacities with regards to building resilience, and have developed innovative approaches to reducing the everyday risks they face. However, these community-based approaches are rarely scaled out nor systematically embedded within national policies and practice. This USAID/OFDA funded project will ensure community based disaster risk management (CBDRM) is institutionalised by identifying the enabling environment (political, financial and social) required, building the capacity of actors to work together to put in place these building blocks, and increasing the political commitment for scaling out CBDRM. By institutionalising CBDRM in country systems, the project will help governments achieve the priorities set out in their implementation plans and contribute towards ensuring that the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and Agenda 2030 successfully build resilience at the community level.
The project Institutionalising Sustainable Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this webpage and those related to the CBDRM project are the responsibility of GNDR and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.
There are 9 project partners – 6 national and 3 regional, coordinated by the GNDR Secretariat. All the partners are GNDR members:
- SEEDS India – national (India)
- Center for Disaster Preparedness (CDP) – national (Philippines)
- Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) – regional (Thailand)
- Reseau MARP (R-MARP) – national (Burkina Faso)
- Jeunes Volontaires pour l’Environnement (JVE)-Niger – national (Niger)
- Environment Development Action in the Third World (ENDA-TM) – regional (Senegal)
- Servicio Social de Iglesias Dominicanas (SSID) – national (Dominican Republic)
- Caritas Chile – national (Chile)
- RET International – regional (Panama)
This 3-year project (July 2017- June 2020) has the following objectives:
- Increased understanding of common success factors for the scale out of sustainable CBDRM.
- Increased capacity of governments, CSOs and other actors to work together to co-create the enabling environment factors for CBDRM.
- Increased political commitments and accountability for the scale out of sustainable CBDRM.
- In year 1, an evaluation framework to assess the sustainability of community-based DRR and early warning systems will be developed. Local information on and good practices of CBDRM will be gathered and analysed to identify critical success factors, characteristics of a supportive enabling environment, and specific gaps and challenges that constrain or accelerate the scale out of CBDRM.
- Based on the findings in year 1, capacity building activities will be undertaken in year 2 to support the collaborative scale out of CBDRM. Exchanges, Leadership Forums, trainings and guide books will aim to strengthen local and national collaborative capacities to increase sharing, co-creation of knowledge and good community-based practices and foster partnerships and joint actions.
- Activities will be undertaken in year 3 to influence governments and other actors to scale out CBDRM, including awareness campaigns, presentations at the Global Platform for DRR and collaboration workshops at the national level. | <urn:uuid:636376dd-d412-41f0-bbb4-b432c7715799> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cbdrm.org/about/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.882436 | 719 | 2.359375 | 2 |
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Most popular at the top
- Chicago Review Press 2009; US$ 13.99
Written for reasonable risk takers and suburban dads who want to add more excitement to their lives, this daring combination of science, history, and DIY projects explains why danger is good for you and details the art of living dangerously. All of the projectsfrom throwing knives, drinking absinthe, and eating fugu to cracking a bull whip, learning... more...
- St. Martin's Press 2003; US$ 6.79
Science, as Andrew Goliszek proves in this compendious, chilling, and eye-opening book, has always had its dark side. Behind the bright promise of life-saving vaccines and life-enhancing technologies lies the true cost of the efforts to develop them. Knowledge has a price; often that price has been human suffering. The ethical limits governing use... more...
- Chronicle Books LLC 2013; US$ 19.99
From the Coke and Mentos fountain makers who found initial fame via Maker Faire and YouTube (more than 150 million views!) comes this collection of DIY science projects guaranteed to inspire a love of experimentation. Fritz Grobe and Stephen Voltz, also known as EepyBird, share their favorite projects: a giant air vortex cannon, a leaf blower hovercraft,... more...
- Oneworld Publications 2012; US$ 15.99
Often, thinking seriously about outlandish problems is the only way to make progress in science. The rest of the time, it?s hilarious. Marc Abrahams, the founder of the famous Ig Nobel prizes, offers an addictive, wryly funny exposť of the oddest, most imaginative, and just plain improbable research from around the world. He looks into why books... more...
- V&S Publishers 2015; US$ 6.00
Science, as we all know refers to a body of knowledge itself, of the type that can be rationally explained and reliably applied. Science is a unique combination of Theory and Practice. A thorough knowledge of this subject is almost impossible without proper practical demonstrations which are also termed as Scientific Activities or Projects. In this... more...
- Farrar, Straus and Giroux 2015; US$ 6.79
An engrossing and eloquent study of the history and ethics of animal experimentation The heart of a pig may soon beat in a human chest. Sheep, cattle, and mice have been cloned. Slowly but inexorably scientists are learning how to transfer tissues, organs, and DNA between species. Some think this research is moving too far, too fast, without adequate... more...
- Chicago Review Press 2016; US$ 16.99
From the author of Backyard Ballistics comes this new DIY handbook on building cannons and other fun things that shoot, from wiffle ball launchers and beverage bottle bazookas to super-powered water guns and model culverins. It combines military history and physics with do-it-yourself projects. Now ordinary folks can construct a dozen awesome artillery... more...
- V&S Publishers 2013; US$ 5.00
Science, as we all know refers to a body of knowledge itself, of the type that can be rationally explained and reliably applied. Science is a unique combination of Theory and Practice. A thorough knowledge of this subject is almost impossible without proper practical demonstrations which are also termed as Scientific Experiments or Projects. In this... more...
- Wiley 2011; US$ 19.99 US$ 18.19
Uh-oh, now you’ve gone and done it, you volunteered to do a science fair project. Don’t sweat it, presenting at a science fair can be a lot of fun. Just remember, the science fair is for your benefit. It’s your chance to show that you understand the scientific method and how to apply it. Also, it’s an opportunity for you to... more...
- Chicago Review Press 2011; US$ 13.99
Combining science, history, and DIY pyrotechnics, this book for the workbench warrior explains humankind?s most useful and paradoxical tool: fire. William Gurstelle, author of the bestselling Backyard Ballistics, presents 25 projects with instructions, diagrams, photos, and links to video demonstrations that enable people of all ages to explore and... more... | <urn:uuid:94c68a93-dfb8-4c67-9b7a-ffd6e44a18a0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ebooks.com/subjects/science-experiments-projects-ebooks/1245/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00115-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.88462 | 1,095 | 1.6875 | 2 |
The French artist Zoer graduated from the Strate school in product design: the study of the object has determined his pictorial research.
At a time when the materials used in industry are designed according to dizzying consumption patterns, the degradation of forms and materials worked by man is at the heart of his plastic explorations.
It is notably by looking at wrecks that he explores the state of transformation and transition of matter and form.
In painting, he likes to interpret with a palette of intense and luminous colors, the spaces in mutation where objects are abandoned and gives them back life by trying to keep the trace of the industrial past conceived by man.
He works on the perspectives to give, thanks to the reflections, a sculptural aspect to the forms and materials.
Figurative painter and muralist, the artist born in Palermo lives between Paris and Saint-Martin-Vésubie.
MATTH VELVET, MAZZA, ONUR & ZOER - 2021
Photos credits: Zoer | <urn:uuid:1aa79b0b-e4e1-4403-8e70-c9d927f1c64d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://quai36.com/en/artist/zoer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.966271 | 216 | 1.625 | 2 |
The Place Journal: Medium for Getting All the Details of Historic Places in the World
History is said not to be complete without place and time. Place and time are two determining and vital factors to trace a particular set of people’s histories. Have you ever thought of visiting a place just because of the stories you have heard about such places? Or do you travel to places without having something important you want to know about them? With a purpose in mind, which may be historical, political, or economical, you can make comprehensive and well-detailed research.
History is part of education, and as such, should be seen as very integral. With the current surge and increase in the number of individuals interested in finding out about places worldwide through research and travels, we must give history due attention. There should be advanced means through which students and other persons can gain access to these historical places without necessarily going out of their homes.
This is the particular concern of Elsewhere Online. We ensure that, with the aid of our Place Journal, every individual can find information on the activities, news, and events associated with some places in the world. These services are specially opened and made available to Australian Studying Abroad (ASA). Our goal is to ensure that their experience is seamless and convenient.
Elsewhere Online provides “place,” an interdisciplinary, international, and peer-reviewed journal published in annual volume. These publications are dedicated to several scholarly analyses and reviews of places that cover all the fields of human activities, such as cultural and human geography and anthropology. It also extends to philosophy, archaeology, the history of architecture and arts, musicology, urban and regional studies, and spatial history, planning, and architecture.
The place journal has many subjects to offer as it exposes you to different locations across the world. These places have peculiar histories that attract the attention of people and students across the world. This is why Elsewhere Online is devoted to making sure that Australians Studying Abroad have clues and knowledge about these places to explore.
The place journal is also useful in bridging the gap between different scholarly perspectives and views to reach a comprehensive and similar conclusion. The journal also investigates and examines the connection between the past and present. Therefore, you can trust Elsewhere Online to provide the right details, images, and descriptions of the places in the world where you are studying or intend to study.
At the core of this journal is our steadfast commitment to accuracy. We recognise that you will be relying wholeheartedly on the information that we provide in our journal. As such, we ensure that the information that we provide is accurate.
We pay attention to all the necessary details. We ensure that from the comfort of your home and through our journal, you can access all the information about places that interests you. | <urn:uuid:2a712975-199d-49bd-807e-d6f7fbcb470f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://elsewhereonline.com.au/place/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.952866 | 574 | 2.546875 | 3 |
MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND TESTING SERVICES
Materials Engineering and Testing Services
Office of Roadway Materials Testing
Electrical Testing Branch
CHANGEABLE MESSAGE SIGN
Changeable message signs (CMS’s) play increasingly important roles in improved operations, highway safety, and use of existing facilities. CMS’s have been used to provide advanced warning of major highway incidents and route diversion information. The use of CMS’s for work zones has been very effective in alerting motorists of downstream lane closures during nighttime operations.
CMS’s are full matrix display signs capable of displaying a variety of character heights and up to three lines of text. CMS’s display text messages in all capital letters, while the number of characters per line varies from 9 to 16, depending on need. Some situations require messages that are longer than a sign is capable of displaying at one time. These situations require sequenced messages (also known as extended mode messages), which means the message is spilt into two or more parts that are sequenced on the CMS.
Properly written specifications is Caltrans safeguard to ensure quality CMS’s are being purchased and used. The Electrical Testing Branch exercises 100% quality assurance testing at the manufacturer’s facilities. This verifies all CMS are functioning properly before delivery to the warehouse and installation in the field.
TEES Chapter 8 - Specifications For Changeable Message Sign System Quality Assurance and Testing Guideline (PDF) Post Installation Start-Up Service (PDF) Qualified Products List (QPL) LED Pixel Matrix Modules list
Jonathan_Kersey@dot.ca.gov, , Transportation Engineer (Electrical)
Fax (916) 227-7026 | <urn:uuid:095777d4-4f1a-48a9-a73f-f841c37b68fc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/ttsb/electrical/cms.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00172-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.875212 | 357 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Meet Some of Our Favorite Authors at the Baltimore Book Festival!
Published September 02, 2014
We’re very excited to announce that the National Aquarium will be presenting a full weekend of free programming for ocean and conservation enthusiasts of all ages at this year’s Baltimore Book Festival!
In partnership with the Baltimore Office of Promotion and the Arts, the Aquarium has invited some of our favorite authors to come down to the Inner Harbor from September 26 to the 28th. Other programming will include special animal encounters, cooking demonstrations and live music!
Check out a few of our awesome participating authors:
Josie, Iselin, “An Ocean Garden: The Secret Life of Seaweed”
Photographer, writer and book designer, Josie Iselin will talk about the process she uses to make her stunning portraits of the natural world around us.
She will take us briefly into her San Francisco studio and describe how she builds her visually driven books. She will continue with some of the fun and exciting science of seaweed and introduce us to some of the spectacular but common species on both the east and west coasts! Her talk will be accompanied by the stunning images she has produced on her flatbed scanner for her newest book, An Ocean Garden!
Matt Dembicki, “Wild Ocean: Sharks, Whales, Rays, and Other Endangered Sea Creatures”
Matt Dembicki is a comic artist who previously edited and contributed to the Eisner-nominated and Aesop Prize-winning Trickster: Native American Tales: A Graphic Collection.
He also served at the helm of District Comics: An Unconventional History of Washington, D.C., a Harvey Award-nominated anthology that was named one of the best books of 2012 by The Washington Post. His program will be presented in partnership with Fulcrum Publishing, an independent publisher bringing you books that inspire for the last 30 years.
Dr. Ellen Prager, “Shark Whisperer”
Dr. Ellen Prager will talk about her own adventures under the sea, sharks, and read from her newest book, The Shark Whisperer. It is the first book in a new middle-grade fiction series that combines fast-paced adventure and humor with fun learning about marine life and the ocean. Readers report they can’t put it down. National Geographic explorer-in-residence Sylvia Earle said the book is “...an underwater Harry Potter. Sure to inspire readers to want to dive in and experience the ocean for themselves.”
Dr. Prager has the ability to make science fun and understandable for people of all ages. She is a marine scientist and author from Miami. She has built a national reputation as a spokesperson on earth and science issues. She has participated in research expeditions to locations in the Galapagos Islands, Papua New Guinea, Fiji and other islands throughout the Caribbean.
Richard Salas, “Blue Visions”
The book “Blue Visions” takes the reader on an underwater adventure from the border of Mexico all the way down to the Equator with a host of unusual and delightful sea life creatures. Richard makes his living as a photographer in Santa Barbara, CA, where he lives with his wife Rebecca and his youngest son Richard. We are proud to present Richard Salas’ work in partnership with The Nature Conservancy.
Richard Salas uses his camera to take stunning portraits of what he calls our “underwater family.” Salas is currently working on his latest book of photography, the third in a series that covers the entire Pacific coast of the Americas!
To check out the rest of our line-up and for more programming information, visit aqua.org/bookfestival! | <urn:uuid:2957db08-aced-471c-bf1f-dc2f66330a63> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.aqua.org/blog/2014/september/baltimore-book-festival | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717963.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00374-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94631 | 777 | 1.6875 | 2 |
One of my favorite benefits of blogging and interacting with bloggers is the discovery of new ideas and possibilities. I often encounter an idea that I want to try in my classroom. (In fact I'm gaining quite a collection of ideas.)
When Deborah from Teach Preschool posted about using blocks on her sticky easel, I knew immediately that I wanted to try that with my group of builders and constructors. How could I not, since Deborah posted a challenge to me at the end of her post? :) But even without her encouragement I wanted to try this. So, this week, I put contact plastic (sticky side out) on our oil drip pan magnet board. I put some small wooden blocks and some foam cubes. (I got the foam cubes from the dollar shelves at Target. That place is dangerous for me!)
The boys (no girls participate this week) began to experiment.
One boy began to sort and group related items - something he often does.
Another one built a tank.
Someone began experimenting with just sticking the blocks on the paper. Some of the blocks would fall off and he would try again...or try another orientation.
We had a discussion about the fact that the paper did not go all the way up the pan. He "tried" to stick a block on the non-sticky part and watched it fall. It fell through the assorted blocks, like a maze or a pinball machine. I thought this was really cool. He liked it and tried it a couple of time but then lost interest.
Then the two boys decided to cover all the sticky paper with blocks.
They tried to find all the empty spaces and place blocks there.
They pulled the blocks off the paper and sorted them (by lighter and heavier) as they put them back in the appropriate bins. One boy observed that the sticky paper moved away from the board when he pulled at the bottom. (I didn't tape the bottom edge.) I was surprised that he was surprised. But, then again, kids are just discovering how all these things work.
Other boys worked at the board later. One built a cabin with a tree.
Later it had a treehouse.
Another one experimented with using the cubes to make designs.
This was a very successful experience. I will definitely do this again.
One side note: I was reminded again the power that my words can have. I had experimented before the kids arrived and noticed that the wooden blocks would sometimes fall off after a few minutes. When the first boy came, I mentioned that the foam cubes would stick well but the wooden blocks may fall off sometimes. (I wanted to minimize frustration...to make sure that the falling blocks wouldn't be a surprise.)
Afterward, this boy mentioned my caution to each child who ventured close to the activity. He experimented with the wooden cubes and discovered that they stuck pretty well. But, for a while, he didn't try any other shapes. I inadvertently limited his exploration.
However, he did talk about the wooden blocks being "heavier" and the foam cubes "lighter." We compared them. And he sorted them based on this trait (instead of any other trait). So...maybe...my mistake did lead to some different kinds of exploration. I guess I'm still learning, too. | <urn:uuid:4565b404-a3b2-4743-b9a3-dbf1ffc33d7c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://scottsbricks.blogspot.com/2012/03/blocks-on-sticky-paper.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00263-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978813 | 675 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Aspire Behavioral Health and Developmental Disability is one of 25 Community Service Boards in the state of Georgia. Aspire has provided behavioral health, substance abuse and developmental disability services for individuals and their families for more than 20 years.
In 1972, the Division of Mental Health became part of the Department of Human Resources. Locally, area mental health and developmental disability programs existed under the leadership of county boards of health. Each Center was fairly independent, even though the structure of a 10 county area was already established as Northeast Georgia Center. Clinics were typically tied more to their county board of health than to the larger entity of Northeast Georgia Center. The medical model predominated.
In 1994, House Bill 100 created a significant change for Mental Health, Addictive Disease and Developmental Disabilities Services. This bill created community service boards (CSBs), which were separate from the Boards of Health. CSBs were established under their own governing boards, with representation from each county served within its auspices, and representation by family members, or former consumers of services. Appointees to the Board were made by the County Commission. Local mental health centers were no longer a part of state government. Rather, the state contracted with CSBs to provide services.
In response to the movement away from a medical model of treatment and state run facilities, CSBs began serving the needs in local communities, and Aspire (also known as Albany Area Community Service Board) was established. Aspire immediately became the safety net provider for individuals with comprehensive needs in Southwest Georgia and developed internal policies and procedures to allow individuals access to care that is person-centered and recovery-oriented.
Today, Aspire serves more than 9,000 individuals and families across southwest Georgia, leading them towards health, hope, and recovery. | <urn:uuid:144df189-bc05-4763-82cc-553d97056a56> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aspirebhdd.org/history-and-overview/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.980436 | 359 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Are you spending a little extra on cat food? Don’t worry, from now on you can find out how to make your own cat food.
One way cats keep healthy is through food intake. In choosing the best cat food, of course, it is important to ensure that the nutrition is sufficient for their needs, right?
Packaged cat food, either in the form of wet (wet food) or dry (dry food), generally already meets these nutritional needs.
Unfortunately, not everyone can afford packaged cat food, you know! But do not worry, you can give a pet cat aka homemade food.
How to? Come on, just look at the reviews on how to make your own cat food, the ingredients are cheap, and easy to get the following.
Don’t forget to make a cozy cat house!
1. Recipe for Processed Fish
First, there is a way to make cat food with fish which of course is very liked by him. Instead of freshwater fish, PetPi prefers seawater fish, you know!
The high content of amino acids and fatty acids, as well as the fishy taste and smell, are more inviting to the cat’s appetite. The types of seawater fish that can be used, such as tuna or tuna.
Do not give the cat salted fish, because the high salt content can make the hair fall out easily.
- 1 cup boiled seawater fish
- 2 tablespoons finely grated carrots and boiled
- 1/3 cup cooked rice or oatmeal
How to Make Cat Food with Fish:
- Combine all the above ingredients in a bowl.
- Blend all ingredients until smooth and well mixed.
- Give it to the cat and if there are leftovers store them in a closed container in the refrigerator (cat food can last about three days).
2. Recipes for Processed Chicken
Besides fish, pet cats also like processed chicken which is also quite easy to get.
In preparing chicken meat, you should make sure it is cooked. Raw chicken meat contains bacteria Salmonella and Campylobacter which are a risk to the digestive system.
How to make cat food from chicken You can also mix it with vegetables, such as broccoli or carrots as an intake of vitamins and minerals.
- 1 cup boiled chicken
- 1/4 cup boiled broccoli
- 1/4 cup boiled carrots
- 1 cup chicken stock
How to Make Chicken Cat Food:
- Mix and puree all the above ingredients in a food processor or blender.
- Add the chicken stock from the remaining chicken broth little by little, until the texture of cat food is soft but not too wet.
- Make sure the cat food made from chicken is at room temperature before giving it.
- If there are leftovers, store them in a closed container and place them in the refrigerator.
3. Recipe for Processed Beef
Launching the Feline Living page, beef is one of the best sources of animal protein for cats. Compared to mutton or lamb, beef has a less fat content.
Beef is generally more expensive than chicken and fish. Giving it occasionally can be an option to minimize expenses.
- 1 cup ground beef
- 1/2 cup cooked brown rice
- 3/4 cup cheese cut into small cubes
How to Make Cat Food from Beef:
- Heat ground beef in a small amount of oil in a frying pan until lightly browned and let cool.
- Put the beef, brown rice, and cheese in a bowl and stir until well combined.
- Give it to your pet cat and if you have any left, you can store it in the refrigerator for up to three days.
4. Recipe for Processed Chicken Liver
Not only the meat, internal organs such as chicken liver are also a high source of vitamin A for pet cats. The price is quite cheap and easy to get.
In addition to chicken liver, other internal organs or offal are also no less nutritious. Like the heart which contains vitamin B12, iron, and phosphorus.
- 1/2 kg chicken liver without gizzards
- 1/4 kg chicken heart
- 1 pack of jelly
- Enough water
How to Make Cat Food with Chicken Liver
- Wash the heart and liver thoroughly, then steam until perfectly cooked.
- Drain the chicken innards that have been steamed and wait for them to cool, then cut them into small pieces.
- Put three cups of water in a saucepan and heat it until it boils.
- Sprinkle the gelatin powder and mix with the offal that has been cut into small pieces earlier, then stir until evenly mixed.
- Pour this cat food with the chicken liver into a container.
- If it has cooled and hardened, give it to a pet cat.
- Leftover chicken liver pudding can be stored in the refrigerator for 3-4 days.
5. Recipes for Dry Cat Food Similar to Whiskas
Apart from the wet food that has been reviewed above, who says you can’t make dry cat food like Whiskas or other dry food brands?
You can also make it almost exactly the same as the advantage of homemade dry food without using dyes, preservatives, and other additives.
- 3 cups whole wheat flour
- 2 cups soybean flour
- 1 cup cornflour
- 1 cup rice bran
- 1 cup nonfat milk
- 450 grams fish/chicken/meat stew
- 5 tablespoons sunflower oil
- 1 tablespoon fish oil
- 2 cups boiled water fish/chicken/ meat
How to Make Dry Cat Food (Dry Food):
- Put whole wheat flour, soybean flour, cornflour, and rice bran into a container. Then add the nonfat milk and mix until smooth.
- Puree fish/chicken/meat in a food processor or blender then mix with sunflower oil, fish oil, and cooking water in a separate bowl.
- Mix the two doughs using a mixer until they are not sticky and smooth.
- Prepare a cutting board that has been dusted with flour and then place the dough that has been smooth on it.
- Knead the dough for a few moments, then cut it into small pieces and select lengthwise.
- Cut the twisted dough into the size of normal dry cat food.
- Place all the pieces on a baking sheet and dry where you can use the sun or the oven to dry.
- For storage of dry cat food, you homemade can use closed containers or use plastic ziplock.
6. Recipe for Cat Food from Tofu
This one ingredient is indeed very easy to find in traditional markets to supermarkets and the price is quite affordable.
Although it sounds strange, tofu can be used as an ingredient to increase protein in your favorite cat food.
To turn tofu into nutritious food for cats, you just need to follow these easy steps:
- Steam tofu along with chicken or fish.
- Once cooked, mash the tofu along with meat or fish (can be with a fork or in a blender)
7. Recipe for Cat Food from Salted Fish
Many cats like salted fish, especially domestic cats. You can turn salted fish into delicious food for cats by steaming it, then adding it to steamed tofu or rice.
But remember, try not to give salted fish to cats too often, because it can make the hair fall out easily, especially for purebred cats.
8. Recipe For Cat Food from Eggs
It turns out that cats also like to eat chicken eggs, especially egg yolks. How to make cat food for kittens and adult cats from eggs can be done easily. This recipe can be used as a snack for the cat you know.
Prepare salmon or any fish can be substituted.
Rice 2/3 cup.
1/2 tsp lactose free milk.
1 tbsp butter/oil.
Mix all the above ingredients and puree with a fork or spoon.
9. Homemade Cat Food Recipes from Vegetables
Just like humans, the cat’s body also needs vitamins contained in vegetables. Although some cats are very difficult to feed vegetables directly, you can give them a combination of vegetables with meat.
Broccoli can be mixed with meat, tofu or tempeh.
Potatoes can be mixed with enough meat and protein.
Corn as a snack for cats can be mixed with wet food.
Carrots as a mixture of wet and dry food.
That’s a few homemade cat food recipes that we can serve, hopefully you can make your own. Good luck. | <urn:uuid:2e95a99d-d814-40a9-8270-66567acc9ea0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://decorcorners.com/delicious-homemade-cat-food-recipes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.9298 | 1,817 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Fifteen - October 1-2,
A tropical depression formed in the eastern tropical Atlantic on
September 25th. The system moved
westward for several days with a slight increase in organization.
By October 1st, vertical wind shear
from the northwest began to impact the system as it moved north of the
Leeward Islands, leaving an
exposed circulation center which moved north-northwest towards an area
of enhanced cloudiness
associated with the subtropical jet stream. The remnant low
merged with this cloud pattern, and
moved north-northeast ahead of a frontal zone to the southeast of
Bermuda while continuing to weaken.
Below are the storm total rainfall
maps for the
depression, using data
provided by the National Climatic
Data Center in Asheville, North Carolina through their daily rainfall
totals. Its track was provided
by the National Hurricane
Center. Bands of showers and thunderstorms moved through Puerto
and the U.S. Virgin Islands while the tropical depression moved by to
the north of the region. | <urn:uuid:26a4b1b1-aeb4-444e-86fe-cb4da251f5cc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/td15aof1981.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00014-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960311 | 226 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Recently, threats associated with NFC (Near Field Communication) payment cards have raised public attention. A photo taken in a public transportation vehicle abroad, showing that a person is collecting unauthorized payments from passers-by using a payment terminal, has raised much discussion. This theme has also been discussed in Finnish media services.
We have discussed this theme (see Sections 7 and 8) and many other questions and claims associated with NFC in an article released in 2014 (in Finnish). Here, we have updated the situation as per March 2016.
A list of common claims and questions regarding NFC cards is presented below, together with the answers we have given to these questions on the basis of our tests and experience. This article only concerns NFC cards issued by payment brands, and does not discuss any other NFC cards or their security (e.g. travel and key cards).
We conducted our tests in 2013 using cards issued by a few different Finnish banks, and drew our conclusions on the basis of the test results. Therefore, it is possible that not all card types operate similarly.
1. Are NFC cards secure?
A simple "Yes" or "No" answer cannot be given without first defining what security means, and from whose point of view this question is examined (consumer, merchant, bank, card company, card manufacturer, etc.). When considering this question from the point of view of the consumer, i.e. the cardholder, it is safe to say that NFC cards are secure because the issuing bank is mainly responsible for any misuse associated with this technology. However, the consumer is responsible for identifying and reporting any misuse. We recommend that cardholders are not only vigilant, but also read the terms and conditions of their card agreement. On the other hand, if security means that it is impossible to misuse NFC cards, then they, as well as ordinary payment cards, are not secure.
NFC cards are secure because the data they contain is protected through encryption.
NFC cards utilize encryption, for example, in the verification of the PIN code and the completion of transactions, but it is still possible to read unencrypted data from these cards. Not all data contained by NFC cards has been encrypted.
It is possible to read data from NFC cards but impossible to utilize this data.
It is possible to read the Primary Account Number (PAN) and validity period from NFC cards. Using this data, it is possible to make, for example, online purchases (card-not-present). In other words, it is possible to misuse data read from NFC cards.
As the card number on the NFC chip is not the same as the card number printed on the card, any misuse is not possible.
In the cards we tested, the card number unfortunately is identical on the NFC chip and on the card. It is true that any misuse associated with card-not-present transactions could have been prevented using different card numbers. Furthermore, it is possible that not all banks have systems that support cards which have two or three separate card numbers, due to which such a feature cannot have been added to all cards.
It is not possible to make online purchases with the card number and validity period only, because all online shops also require a separate verification number (CVV2).
Certain international online shops, such as Amazon, accept purchases made using the combination of a card number and validity period alone. It is true that the verification number cannot be read from an NFC chip, and that most online shops require it. We have previously discussed this matter here (in Finnish).
In theory, an attacker could also guess the CVV2 number correctly and, therefore, misuse the card in other online shops. Of course, there are a thousand options and many online shops require an additional verification (such as verified by VISA or MasterCard SecureCode, or the "TUPAS" identification of Finnish banks). However, going through a thousand numbers is no trick for computers but, then again, bank systems that detect and prevent misuse would probably detect such a brute force attack.
Card data can only be read at a distance of 2 cm and, therefore, there is no actual threat.
Using an ordinary reader of a few tens of euros, data can be read at a distance of approximately 10 cm. However, this distance can be further increased using more high-end equipment.
7. Could a deceitful trader collect extra charges from cards of people passing by?
In theory, yes. However, such a trader would probably be very quickly caught for such actions. This type of an activity requires an agreement with the payment transmitter and the funds must be transferred to the specific bank account of the person named. Then again, it should be noted that card payments between private persons are also increasing rapidly (e.g. iZettle solutions), and the threshold to receive card payments is fairly low. What is more, the high risk of getting caught does not always prevent crimes. For example, non-existent articles are being sold in many online auctions where funds need to be transferred to the seller's own bank account.
8. What other types of attacks are possible against NFC cards?
By relaying messages (relay attacks), it is possible to make contactless payments, for example, on the other side of the globe. However, this requires that there is an NFC reader in the immediate vicinity of the card, which then transmits the data, for example, across the Internet to another NFC reader that in turn, is in the immediate vicinity of a payment terminal. Both NFC readers need to be simultaneously in the immediate vicinity of the payment card and a payment terminal for a short period of time. The NFC reader can be, for example, a smartphone.
9. Is it possible to generate a fully functional card copy using data copied from an NFC chip?
No, it is not. It is not possible to read such data from an NFC or EMV chip which can be used to create another card with a functional EMV and/or NFC chip. Even though NFC and EMV chips also contain the data included in a magnetic stripe (track data), this does not make it possible to copy the magnetic stripe because the data is not fully identical to the data contained by the actual magnetic stripe.
As the risk of misuse is limited to EUR 25, there is no reason to worry.
Contactless purchases are typically limited to EUR 25 and only a few purchases of this type are possible, after which the card user needs to perform a regular Chip&PIN transaction. However, if card misuse takes place, for example, in an online shop (card-not-present), this restriction does not apply and, in the worst case, it is possible to reach the credit limit or use up the entire account balance.
Misuse can be prevented or minimized using separate limitations on use.
This is true. Many banks offer separate daily limits for different payment types and, for example, geo-blocking so that the card only works, for example, in the Nordic countries and in online shops but not in any other countries. By adjusting these features, the risk of misuse can either be prevented or minimized. However, there is the underside that one the greatest advantages of international payment cards may be lost: They are accepted everywhere and they offer quick and easy payments. Therefore, setting suitable limitations takes some time and effort from the cardholder, eventually forming a compromise between security and usability.
Criminals are unable to read card data if the card is in an RFID-protected wallet.
This is true. If used correctly, a protected wallet forms a Faraday cage around the card, making it impossible to read the card through the wallet. A DIY consumer wraps tin foil around the card and/or the entire wallet.
13. How can the risk associated with card-not-present purchases have been prevented when planning the card?
The NFC chip could contain a card number different from that printed on the card. As a result, card-not-present purchases could have been limited to the printed number, while contactless purchases could have been possible with the number on the NFC chip. However, not all bank systems necessarily support cards with several card numbers. Furthermore, this would not prevent the aforementioned relay attacks (see Section 8).
NFC cards increase the security of consumers as the PIN code needs to be entered less frequently.
This is true. Because of NFC cards, the PIN code needs to be entered less frequently, which has an impact on PIN code phishing. This is particularly useful at nightclubs where many transactions of less than EUR 25 are typically made and where the vigilance of card users has usually decreased and, therefore, the risk of phishing is higher. Traditional chip cards have been blamed for the necessity to enter the same PIN code for purchases both big and small.
NFC cards could have been replaced by current chip cards so that the PIN code would not need to be entered for small purchases.
Chip cards support a feature whereby the card is inserted in the payment terminal, and the PIN code does not need to be entered.
This is not fully equal to the NFC feature, but is fairly close to it. Currently in Finland, this type of a payment method is being used in some parking garages.
16. What other data can be read from cards?
This depends on the card. However, we have been able to read the following data from cards:
- Name of the cardholder (from a VISA, but not from a MasterCard)
- Previous chip payments (see Section 17)
- Data corresponding to the track data contained by the magnetic stripe (not identical)
- Technical data
In addition, it is possible to deduct the type of card on the basis of the card number (e.g. regular VISA or VISA Gold).
17. Is it truly possible to see from my card that I have made purchases at Flora's Flowers?
No, it is not. The purchase history only displays the purchase date, final amount and currency of a few previous chip and NFC payments. The name of the shop is not stored on the card. Naturally, card-not-present and magnetic stripe purchases are not stored on the card.
Data readable from an NFC chip can also be read from an EMV chip, magnetic stripe or card. In reality, nothing has changed as similar data can always have been easily read from cards.
It is true that similar data can be read from an EMV chip, magnetic stripe and the card itself as can be read from an NFC chip. However, the situation has changed in that data can be read from an NFC chip without the cardholder's express consent. In order to be able to read data from a traditional payment card, the card must be shown to a third party or it must be inserted in a payment terminal or magnetic stripe reader. When it comes to NFC cards, it is enough that an interested person is briefly sufficiently close to the card. What is more, NFC readers (unlike EMV chip readers or magnetic stripe readers) can be carried by everyone because they often are built-in features on smartphones.
In conclusion, it is possible to attack against NFC cards, at least in a few ways (Claim 3, Sections 7 and 8). Then again, responsibility for misuse of this kind is usually borne by the bank, while the cardholder must still monitor charges collected from the card. However, we do not have any knowledge of any misuse of this type. It is also difficult to estimate what types of card crimes criminals will do in the future. This situation becomes interesting in that, in the future, a higher number of payment cards will be equipped with the NFC feature and, at the same time, more and more phones will be equipped with an NFC reader. On the other hand, NFC cards also have their advantages: Payments become faster and the PIN code does not need to be entered in unsafe environments. | <urn:uuid:a787e388-a88f-4b5d-a7a6-9fcb9fd07c51> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nixu.com/blog/qa-about-nfc-cards-security-nfc-cards-2016 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.957709 | 2,506 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Map of The Most Popular Countries in the World
It might come as a surprise to some that France is the world's biggest tourist destination in the world! Receiving nearly 20 Million more visitors annually than the runner up, USA. Doubly impressive when you consider that the US is over fifteen times the size of France.
Here's a map of the world detailing how many visitors each of these 165 countries gets each year.
Click the map for a larger version
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France's high-density of tourist attractions, museums, monuments, historical sites and rich culture make it the world's most popular tourist destination.
The five least visited countries (that we have data for) are; The Solomon Islands (23,000), Moldova (11,000), Kiribati (5,300), Marshall Islands (5,000), Tuvalu (1,200).
You can also see the top 50 in the table below.
|13||Hong Kong SAR, China||22,300,000|
|20||Macao SAR, China||12,900,000|
|26||Egypt, Arab Rep.||9,500,000| | <urn:uuid:38722215-746d-410a-a61a-1ff66bb78709> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.movehub.com/blog/popular-countries-map | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719784.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00427-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.668817 | 243 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Do Lincoln staff and students feel safe?
By Makayela Davilar and Nathan Wallace
Throughout this school year, the proliferation of attacks on the New York City subway system has led many Lincoln students to question whether or not they are safe when traveling to and from school.
On April 12, a subway shooting at the 36th Street N station in Brooklyn left 23 people injured when 62 year-old Frank R. James threw two smoke canisters and opened fire on passengers.
Overall transit crime is up 80 percent compared to last year. Mayor Eric Adams has sought to tackle the problem and recently laid out his plans to improve safety throughout the system.
“We have put in place what I believe are the foundational parts of having a real public safety plan and apparatus,” Mayor Adams said. “Everything from deploying police correctly, to dealing with the mental health and homelessness crisis in our system, to ensuring that officers are receiving specific information on what we expect from them.”
Although these measures are a step in the right direction, some Lincoln students and staff feel that more work should be done, for example by reducing the number of homeless people on the subway in order for them to get the care that they need.
According to senior Jared Fajardo, this would help by “having more social workers taking the homeless people to rehab so they can actually do something positive for society.”
It is not just students that are worried about their own safety or that of their families on the subway.
“Yeah I was starting to get concerned to begin with before that [April 12 Subway Shooting]” Assistant Principal of School Safety Shawn O’Connor said. “I have daughters that use it as well. The things that you read and hear in the news of what’s been going on so before that shooting I was definitely concerned about the direction that the public transportation has been going.”
Mr. O’Connor believes that to reduce crime in the subway more police visibility is needed.
“I think it’s important to get more officers down there. I think that would be helpful only because people would not be so free to do things.”
Junior Nathaniel Soto agrees with this approach. In fact, a more visible police presence is what allowed him to keep taking the subway to Lincoln after the April 12 shooting.
“My mom was like I’ll drive you home, I’ll drive you to school and I was like, no I’ll be safe you know,” Soto said. “After that [the April 12 subway shooting], I’d walk past and there were a lot of cops. There were cops there, cops at the entrance, cops waiting for the train, there were cops in the train, so I was like okay I feel a little bit safer seeing them there.”
Not many students, however, have the luxury of parents taking them to school and must take public transit. For some Lincoln students, it takes over an hour to get to school. They are forced to take the subway over the bus, or risk an even longer commute.
“I take the Q train from Cortelyou Rd to Ocean Pkwy,” Fajardo said. “The train is the most effective transportation for me to come here, because if I take the bus, I’ll take longer to come here.”
As crime on the subway keeps rising, some students continue to worry about their safety. It has made them more aware of their surroundings and of the people around them. It has become a part of their daily life.
“Anywhere I go, I think it’s dangerous,” freshman Brandon Blue said. “I always watch my back whatever, look to the side behind me, every block I walk on.” | <urn:uuid:f8a4532e-91b3-4671-828d-80053dee827d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lincolninformer.com/the-assault-on-public-transit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.980603 | 803 | 1.6875 | 2 |
The global art community has been eyeing China as the next great market for more than a decade, but this year’s Shanghai Art Week showed signs of those hopes beginning to become reality. Despite reports of a plateaued Chinese economy and the recent contraction of its auction market—not to mention China’s trade war with the United States, tensions around human rights, and customs obstacles like strict capital controls and an ever-fluctuating value-added tax on luxury goods—five days of art fairs, gallery openings, museum inaugurations, and international collaborations signified a booming market and a thriving cultural scene.
While China fell from second to third place in 2018—it is now the world’s third-largest art market after the U.S. the U.K., according to the Art Basel and UBS Global Art Market Report 2019—the consensus among many in Shanghai last week was that the 21st century still belongs to China. Those with optimistic outlooks just can’t agree on how long it’s going to take: a few months or another couple of years.
Already remarkable was Shanghai Art Week’s similarity in atmosphere to other big global fairs and biennales, even with a language barrier that presents a serious challenge for many visitors aiming to conduct business. The buzz was palpable.
Shanghai’s extraordinary beauty—from the boulevards and buildings of the former French Concession to exhibition halls in light-filled aircraft hangars to the proliferation of cutting-edge contemporary architecture—makes it a rich art world destination and partly explains its replacement of Beijing as the focal point of China’s art market. But the combination of a rapidly growing museum infrastructure and the vitality of two major art fairs has fueled its dynamism. (And tax intricacies have certainly helped as well.)
Shanghai Art Week, a name coined so recently that some involved had not yet heard the term, was kick-started years ago by the opening of two museums established by local collectors—the Long Museum (in 2012) and the Yuz Museum (2014)—as well as the launch of two major fairs, Art021 (2013) and West Bund Art & Design (2014). “Energy had been building up,” said the London-based dealer Pilar Corrias, speaking of China as a whole. Corrias has been traveling to the country for 11 years and, like several of her colleagues, exhibits at both Shanghai fairs. “I noticed it when I showed at the Hong Kong art fair, even before it was bought by Art Basel. I did great business there immediately. Beijing was significant too, especially with the opening of [the first Chinese contemporary art museum] UCCA, and it is still a serious market. But there was a definite shift to Shanghai with the fairs.”
The West Bund Art & Design fair is backed by the government-owned West Bund Group, which has developed a roughly four-square-mile art district that brings art, culture, and technology together along the banks of the Huangpu River. The fair is located at the heart of the development, on Museum Mile (a.k.a. the Cultural Corridor), which is now home to local and international galleries such as Lisson, Edouard Malingue, Perrotin, and Ota Fine Arts, as well as a slew of museums including the Long, Yuz, and the Shanghai Center of Photography. Last week saw the inauguration, in the presence of French President Emmanuel Macron, of the brand-new Centre Pompidou x West Bund Museum, designed by British architect David Chipperfield and conceived to show work from the Paris institution’s collection and to foster artistic exchange.
Museums have opened in Shanghai of late at the rate of one or two per year—the next one is the Pudong Museum of Art, expected to open in 2021 with a design by Jean Nouvel and an arrangement with Tate in London to lend major works from its collection. A new design fair was also launched in the cultural quarter this year: Unique Design Shanghai at Tank Art Park, a stunning collection of abandoned aviation fuel tanks converted by Beijing studio Open Architects for collector Qiao Zhibing.
This new cultural landscape has coincided with changes in the Chinese collector base, which started out largely acquiring Chinese contemporary art 10 years ago and has moved into the global contemporary market over the past few years. Millennials now make up 39 percent of Chinese collectors, according to the Art Basel/UBS report, and they are buying internationally, according to London and New York dealer Timothy Taylor, who has exhibited at West Bund since the fair’s inception. “Five years ago, it looked like the Western art world would expand into China,” he said. “But the opposite has happened. The Chinese have expanded: hundreds of millions of them are traveling, going to look at things all over the world. They’re curious and some are interested in buying. The market is already here—they don’t need us to bring it.” He called the opening of West Bund “the best opening day of a fair I’ve had for years.”
Like Corrias, Taylor has been coming to China for many years and said that success is all about building relationships—an approach to business with a specific Chinese word to describe it: guanxi. “You are supported here for your commitment to the community,” he said. “The Chinese want to put a name to a face—that’s how you develop trust. I have put on shows all over the country. I brought 100 Sean Scully works and showed in five cities. Each region had such different characteristics, but they lapped up the art everywhere we went.”
Among the works that Taylor sold were Frank Auerbach’s Reclining Head of Julia (2006) for more than $700,000, two Armen Eloyan paintings for $100,000, and an Eddie Martinez sculpture for over $100,000. Taylor also collaborated this year with the owner of the Yuz Museum, Budi Tek, on the exhibition of two monumental paintings by Martinez that Tek commissioned. And Tek’s Yuz Foundation is also engaged in a collaboration with the Los Angeles County Museum of Art and Qatar Museums in Doha, which aims to share “art and ideas among the three cities.”
But the internationalism of contemporary Shanghai is clearly at odds with China’s tendency toward censorship. Four works did not pass muster with Chinese officials at the Centre Pompidou x West Bund Museum, and the president of the French contemporary behemoth, Serge Lasvignes, responded with some diplomacy in the press. “We need to learn why works are deemed inappropriate,” he said. He was equally philosophical as we walked through the inaugural exhibition of major works from the Pompidou collection, “The Shape of Time.” “The dialogue can be difficult,” he said. “But it’s worth it. We want to build trust.”
Lasvignes told me that he hopes the Pompidou will result in a “museum effect” that can grant recognition and value to an artist when the market may not. ‘When we showed Cy Twombly in Paris in 2016, the value of his work doubled between the announcement of the exhibition and its opening,” he said. Alongside hosting three semi-permanent shows from the Pompidou collection, each lasting 18 months, the new museum aims to be a springboard for young Chinese artists in a designated space called Gallery Zero: “They can say they’ve exhibited at the Pompidou,” Lasvignes said. “This adds value to their work. We don’t want the market to make all the rules; museums are a way of regulating the market. If you let the market run things, it makes mistakes and everything becomes homogenous.”
At Art021, in the sprawling Shanghai Exhibition Centre in the French Concession, White Cube sold nine pieces from its solo presentation of works by Eddie Peake on the first day. It seemed unlikely that local authorities would be thrilled by Peake’s playful canvases, which take their psychedelic aesthetic from a transgressive club scene and reference identity, complex sexuality, and myriad socio-political issues.
Galleries at both fairs are required to submit all works for approval, but dealers and institutions seemed resigned to grapple with censorship. While it may be hard to guess what might change from day to day, to say nothing of year to year, “many predict that China’s dominance will come sooner rather than later,” said Jonathan Crockett, the deputy chairman for Asia at Phillips auction house.
Certain Western galleries are betting on it. “This is our first time in Shanghai and we came with a mission,” said Toby Clarke, director of the London-based Vigo Gallery, which exhibited at Art021. “We came to sell to museums.”
Clarke sold all but two works from his solo presentation of London artist Daniel Crews-Chubb—“one to the Long Museum, one to a big local collector, one to an L.A.-based collector, and one to the co-owners of Art021, Kelly Ying and David Chau.” Speaking of success for Crews-Chubb elsewhere, Clarke said, “We have nailed New York and London, so China is the next step.”
The artist himself agreed. Joining us in the booth, he added, “Exposure to this market is what young artists dream of.” | <urn:uuid:f1423afb-1dbc-42e7-b7af-f3a7e8fc878c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.artnews.com/art-news/market/shanghai-art-week-centre-pompidou-art-021-13578/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.966884 | 2,027 | 1.742188 | 2 |
The American Red Cross was founded over 100 years ago by Clara Barton with the purpose of relieving human suffering. Today the nonprofit organization relies on the support of volunteer staff, who outnumber paid staff 45 to 1, to continue its humanitarian work. Saving lives by providing safe blood products to hospitals is just one of the many ways in which the Red Cross continues to meet the needs of the community.
Mission: The American Red Cross prevents and alleviates human suffering in the face of emergencies by mobilizing the power of volunteers and the generosity of donors. To fulfill the needs of the american people for the safest, most reliable and cost-effective blood services through voluntary donations. Each day, over 1000 citizens must donate blood in order to meet the needs of patients in hospitals throughout the Greater Chesapeake and Potomac region. Volunteers play a vital role in achieving this mission.
|Website||website facebook twitter|
|Causes||Community Emergency & Safety Health & Medicine Seniors| | <urn:uuid:9774f9b9-ad4c-4831-8ce4-0966313f2741> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.givepulse.com/group/2415-American-Red-Cross-Greater-Chesapeake-and-Potomac-Blood-Region | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00129-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92603 | 199 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Malaysia is blessed with some of the world’s most sought after dive sites offering unparalleled underwater biodiversity
Mention scuba diving in Malaysia and a few hot spots instantly spring to mind, from Malaysian Borneo which boasts some of the most picturesque islands to the tropical paradises off the peninsula’s east coast. There are locations to suit every level of diver and every style of dive whether it’s to explore a sunken wreck, investigate a cave or simply drift in the underwater currents while you take in the subaquatic surroundings.
Pearl of the East
The location that reigns supreme on the Malaysian scuba scene is the idyllic island of Sipadan, located in the southeastern region of Sabah. Along with Mabul and Kapalai, this cluster of islands is considered to have some of the finest diving in the world. These spots offer unmatched reef diving, populated by schools of whirling hammerheads, barracudas and giant manta rays that circle divers as they descend into the depths.
The Sipadan Barrier Reef drops to some 500m and contains over 200 recorded dive sites such as the famous Hanging Gardens, Turtle Patch, and White Tip Avenue. A permit is required to dive in Sipadan and only 120 of these are given out each day to minimise stress on the reef and marine life. As such, it’s highly advisable to book months in advance to get a chance at experiencing the undersea utopia in this world-renowned location.
The east coast of Malaysia offers stunning and easily accessible islands surrounded by crystal clear waters teeming with life. Redang Island is one of nine islands in the Redang archipelago within the protected Terengganu Marine Park which is filled with unique species found in the ‘coral triangle’, an area ultra-rich in marine life. Tengah Island, as well as Tioman and the Perhentian islands, feature stretches of sunbleached beaches and swathes of untouched tropical jungles.
These getaways have stayed away from heavy tourism and allcontain an exquisite selection of unique marine life and brilliant coral constellations. The shallow waters and high visibility around these islands make them ideal for underwater photography where macro subjects are easily uncovered. Avoid Redang and the east coast islands between October and March however as the monsoon hits here in full force and waters become too murky for diving. | <urn:uuid:4cf85aea-48ea-4c4b-87f4-bf37974c91dc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://visionkl.com/article/deep-sea-treasures | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00486-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942498 | 499 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Thirteen countries, all of a Muslim majority, punish apostasy (the renunciation of a particular religion), or blasphemy with death.
The annual Freedom of Thought report by the International Humanist and Ethical Union, found that 13 countries impose capital punishment upon people simply for their beliefs, or lack of them.
Afghanistan, Iran, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritania, Nigeria, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, United Arab Emirates and Yemen are the relevant countries.
All of these countries, except Pakistan, allow for capital punishment against apostasy, while Pakistan imposes the death penalty for blasphemy - including a disbelief in God.
Among the best-ranked countries in the report, which received a "free and equal" rating, were Jamaica, Uruguay, Japan, Taiwan, and Belgium.
View the report's full rankings in the interactive map, below:
The UK received a middling classification of "Systemic Discrimination" in the report, while “extant religious privileges and legal exemptions, often linked to the established state church” were listed as a cause for concern, as well as faith schools and required collective worship in state-funded schools. | <urn:uuid:1bc47184-1aa9-4f68-ba22-3eee58687ebe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.indy100.com/news/the-countries-where-apostasy-is-punishable-by-death-7294486 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.944209 | 241 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Down syndrome is a genetic condition. A person who has Down syndrome is born with an extra copy of the 21st chromosome. It can be detected during pregnancy by ultrasound or with genetic testing, or at birth. Down syndrome causes some physical and intellectual disabilities. Most of the time, it’s at a moderate level. If you have a baby with Down syndrome, you’ll need to care for, talk to, play with, and love them like any other infant. It’s important to have high expectations for your baby with Down syndrome.
Path to improved development
In many ways, children who have Down syndrome are like other children. They have the same moods and emotions, they like to learn new things, play, and enjoy life. You can help your child develop by providing as many chances as possible for them to do these things. Help your child have positive experiences with new people and places.
Every baby born with Down syndrome is different. As your new baby grows, you’ll need to pay special attention to his or her physical and intellectual development. Your baby also may have some health problems that require extra care. Not all babies born with Down syndrome have health problems. Not all babies will have the same health problems.
Physical health: Babies who are born with Down syndrome are more likely to have:
- Feeding issues. Learning to breastfeed or suck a bottle may take your baby longer to learn. Breastfeeding is good for all babies, including babies who have Down syndrome. Your doctor, a nurse, a feeding therapist, or another mom who has a baby with Down syndrome can provide tips and special training.
- Heart defects. Some heart problems will require surgery within the first year. Other problems will correct themselves over time. If your baby has a heart problem, your doctor will refer you to a cardiologist. They will monitor your baby’s heart health until the problem is corrected.
- Hearing issues. Some babies will have partial hearing loss. Babies who have Down syndrome have smaller Eustachian tubes (part of your inner ear). This causes fluid buildup. That can be relieved with tubes. Your doctor will surgically insert the tubes to drain the fluid. Some babies have permanent nerve damage. This can cause permanent hearing loss. Hearing aids often help your child hear. Without treatment, the hearing loss can affect your baby’s speech development.
- Vision problems. This might include cataracts or other eye issues requiring glasses.
Less likely health issues include:
- Intestinal blockage at birth requiring surgery
- Hip dislocation
- Thyroid disease
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Leukemia in infancy or early childhood
Your baby will reach infant and toddler milestones. However, it will take them a little longer. Early intervention support services such as physical, speech, and occupational therapies can help children who have Down syndrome develop these skills:
- Motor skills (crawling, walking, feeding, dressing, handwriting)
- Language skills (talking and vocabulary development)
- Social skills (turn-taking, sharing, eye contact, manners)
- Academic skills (early reading, counting)
The earlier your baby begins therapy, the better they will develop. Many cities have support groups and community resources to help parents who have children with Down syndrome. These resources also are helpful for siblings and other family members. Your doctor can tell you where to find these resources in your community.
Things to consider
In most cases, for every 100 couples who have another baby, 1 will have another baby with Down syndrome. If you’re planning on having more children, talk with your doctor. Your doctor can help you decide whether to seek genetic counseling before you become pregnant again.
When you first learn that your baby has Down syndrome, you may feel disappointment, grief, anger, frustration, fear, and anxiety about the future. These feelings are all normal. Talking to other parents of children who have Down syndrome can be helpful. They know how you’re feeling. You also can talk to your family doctor or visit a support group. These resources let you share your feelings and get additional information.
Questions to ask your doctor
- Do babies who have Down syndrome have low muscle tone?
- Will my baby learn to read?
- Will my baby grow up to be independent?
- How can I tell if I am sad about my baby’s diagnosis or if I’m suffering from post-partum depression?
Copyright © American Academy of Family Physicians
This information provides a general overview and may not apply to everyone. Talk to your family doctor to find out if this information applies to you and to get more information on this subject. | <urn:uuid:a615064a-a4c0-4291-a1e9-a0ce63da85b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://familydoctor.org/caring-for-a-baby-who-has-down-syndrome/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.949549 | 972 | 3.484375 | 3 |
James Mace, byname Jem Mace, (born April 8, 1831, Beeston, Norfolk, Eng.—died Nov. 30, 1910, Jarrow, Durham), professional boxer and English heavyweight champion who is considered by some authorities to have been world champion. He was the first fighter of consequence to show interest in the Marquess of Queensberry rules.
Traveling as a youth with a show booth in which he played the violin and gave boxing exhibitions, Mace attracted the attention of a showman and former boxer. He began to fight in earnest in the early 1850s. Throughout his life he combined innkeeping and circus performing with fighting. Mace weighed only 160 pounds (73 kg), but he overcame his lack of bulk with speed and an effective left jab. He was the model of scientific boxing in England, as James J. Corbett later was in the United States. Mace won the English middleweight championship in 1860. He then won the English heavyweight title in 1861 and lost it the next year but once more was recognized as champion when his conqueror, Tom King, refused to fight him again.
Boxing as an international sport was advanced by Mace’s visit to North America in 1870–71. On May 10, 1870, at Kennerville, La., he defeated Tom Allen in 10 rounds in a match advertised as the world championship. Mace is thus regarded as the last world heavyweight champion under London Prize Ring Rules. He retired late in 1871, but on Feb. 7, 1890, at almost 59, he lost to the world heavyweight contender Charley Mitchell in three rounds in an attempt to regain the English title. At a time when most prizefighters were considered highly dubious persons, Mace was universally respected for his integrity.
This article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen. | <urn:uuid:3680dd42-05dd-4a15-9214-144ebd7eeb5f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Mace | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.9867 | 370 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Nikhil Krishna is an 11-year-old 6th grader at Corbin Intermediate School in Corbin, southeastern Kentucky. He enjoys tennis and reading about the mythology of different countries. He visited Antarctica, where he watched penguins and walked on glaciers. He'd like to go to the Bahamas and the Gal?pagos.Nikhil will be competing at the National Geographic Bee championship in Washington, D.C. Watch on the National Geographic Channel Thursday, May 24 at 8 p.m. ET. The finals will be broadcast later on public television stations. Check local listings.
Questions about National Geographic Bee 2012 - KY Finalist
Want more info about National Geographic Bee 2012 - KY Finalist?
Get free advice from education experts and Noodle community members. | <urn:uuid:7f7d224c-e807-4f3c-8159-39940b5b7f8e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.noodle.com/learn/details/180995/national-geographic-bee-2012-ky-finalist | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719041.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00168-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92873 | 158 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Close co-operation will make Bulgaria and Romania’s voice better heard in the region and the European Union, Bulgarian Foreign Minister Daniel Mitov said after talks in Bucharest with his Romanian counterpart Bogdan Aurescu.
Bulgaria and Romania are good neighbours, partners and allies in the EU and Nato. The path they have chosen in the last two decades – of freedom, democracy, European and Euro-Atlantic integration – brings the two nations even closer.
That is why we, the politicians on the two banks of the Danube, should communicate and meet more often, Mitov said at a joint news conference with Aurescu on February 19.
Our two countries are engaged in an open and friendly dialogue as strategic partners, Aurescu said, according to a statement by Bulgaria’s Foreign Ministry.
For the full story, please click here.
(Photo: Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs) | <urn:uuid:97b14667-68ff-45f9-9776-391c95b1776b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sofiaglobe.com/2015/02/20/bulgaria-and-romania-together-can-have-a-strong-voice-in-the-region-and-the-eu-foreign-ministers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.945177 | 187 | 1.570313 | 2 |
..A political solution as outlined in resolution 2254, including a political transition, remains the only way forward. Sweden fully supports the UN-led talks in Geneva and efforts to ensure the full and effective participation of women at the negotiation table.
Sweden will continue to provide support to the humanitarian operations in Syria and the neighbouring states. Let me tell you briefly what we have done so far. Since 2011, we have provided USD 278 million in humanitarian aid. This is in addition to our unearmarked core budget support to the UN humanitarian organisations and the Central Emergency Response Fund. As a complement to our substantial humanitarian aid we have pledged USD 200 million through our five-year Syria crisis strategy, aimed at building resilience. Läs anförandet | <urn:uuid:a80f43ba-d7c1-4253-b85c-0a124b2811ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.alliansfriheten.se/utrikesministerns-anforande-vid-konferensen-supporting-the-future-of-syria-and-the-region-5-april-2017-i-bryssel-regeringen-se/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.926679 | 152 | 1.585938 | 2 |
As Mt. Ascutney Hospital and Health Center celebrates its 80th anniversary next year, its history includes a difficult birth - it was founded during the Great Depression - and a determined rebirth with a new hospital in 1972. Of that time, former trustee Tom Levesque of Windsor recalls, "A lot of people said we didn’t need a new hospital, that the town wasn’t big enough, and that we couldn’t afford it. … I think we showed them that we did, we were, and we can."
For almost 80 years, the region has supported a community hospital that grew beyond the dreams of the original founders. Mt. Ascutney Hospital traces its roots to 1933, when the Windsor Hospital Corp. formed. Organizers were trying to keep a hospital in town after a private one struggled.
Windsor Hospital was established in what is now the Stoughton House on Main Street, a former mansion deeded to the cause by Allen Evarts. After a fund drive raised $700 for second-hand hospital beds and an old Army operating table, Dr. and Mrs. Arthur Patch traveled to Maine to procure them.
"It was small and personal," said Dr. Dale Gephart, a retired physician who worked in the old hospital briefly before the present hospital opened. "It was a real home atmosphere," said Jan Lynch, a retired nurse who served several stints as hospital administrator. "Staff were very caring."
Windsor was a busy town in the hospital’s early decades. The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Plant and the Cone Automatic Machine Company were major employers, and a state prison was located in the downtown district. Shoppers headed to Main Street stores on Friday night to buy shoes and clothes and groceries.
By the late 1960s and early ’70s, the hospital was again facing challenges. The doctors who’d been the foundation were at retirement age, and new physicians were needed. The old hospital building no longer met codes, and state officials were threatening to shut it down. Meanwhile, regionalization had become popular among planners. State officials were promoting a regional hospital proposed for Charlestown, N.H., to replace many of the community hospitals in the area.
But Windsor Hospital’s board and administration had other ideas. Lynch said they decided to build a new hospital on former prison farm land on County Road, a project that they undertook without state or federal support, or dollars. "The idea of building a new hospital was a major turning point in its history," said Dr. Gephart. "It offered an opportunity to decide what kind of hospital it would be, and who it would serve."
Without outside aid, the hospital depended on local support. Employers in town allowed payroll deduction for contributions. Area residents pledged over $600,000 for the new hospital, which opened in 1972. It had a 30-bed nursing home attached, and eight extended-care beds. With the change came a new identity. Windsor Hospital Corp. still exists as the corporate name, but the hospital does business as Mt. Ascutney Hospital and Health Center, reflecting a new, wider mission.
The new facility was larger, but it retained many of its old qualities. One was a tendency to retain staff for long tenures, something that continues to this day. Lynch said, "It was a homey atmosphere. You could grow along with the facility." She estimated that when she started at the old hospital in the 1950s, it probably had a staff of about 30. Last year, the employee roster topped 500.
Since the opening of the new facility, Mt. Ascutney Hospital has added a rehabilitation unit and a therapeutic pool, creating a niche that serves a wide region. While the early hospital relied on four mainstay doctors, the medical staff in 2012 numbers nearly 100, including full-time staff and many who provide specialty services on a part-time basis. Its regional scope includes membership in the New England Alliance for Health, a three-state network of hospitals and healthcare organizations.
Locally, the hospital partners on community projects such as the Historic Homes of Runnemede senior housing and the Windsor Connection Resource Center. It has taken the lead in community education programs and sponsored the Windsor Community Health Initiative. In keeping with this dedication to the community, the organization changed its mission statement in 2011 to reflect that commitment. The new mission for the organization is “to improve the lives of those we serve.” This mission more accurately reflects the multiple components of the relatively small, but diverse organization. As a testament to the organization’s work in this area, it was named as the winner of the American Hospital Association’s Foster G. McGaw Prize for community service in 2011. This is the most prestigious community service award for hospitals in the country. | <urn:uuid:73ffaa49-f9f3-4ff0-9cc8-5a5724a7adc2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mtascutneyhospital.org/why-mt-ascutney/history | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00088-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9809 | 992 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Signs of Primary Care Success
When a company or an industry
becomes truly successful, one of the first real signs of that success is a new
level of criticism aimed its way.
Recently, one of our neurosurgeon colleagues wrote a post critical of primary care that appeared on the Neurosurgery Blog. It then was picked up by the Association of American Medical Colleges' blog Wing of Zock.
In the blog, Robert Harbaugh, M.D.,
does a grave disservice to family physicians, medical students, and our country
by misrepresenting and attacking primary care medicine.
Unwilling to let his message stand
unopposed, I worked with the AAFP's public relations staff to craft a response
to Harbaugh's blog as posted on the Wing of Zock blog, and we are very happy that
they posted it.
As our country begins to move toward investing in primary care as an effective way to bend our unsustainable cost curve of health care, we can expect increasing push back from those who either do not understand the real effectiveness of primary care or who stand to lose in this important transformation.
Our Academy will respond forcefully
to these outliers, for the health of our patients, our practices and our
Primary Care Needs Are No Myth
In "The Primary Care Shibboleth: Debunking the Myth," Dr. Robert E. Harbaugh (a neurosurgeon) does a grave disservice to family physicians and medical students who value the professional satisfaction, intellectual challenges and career-long patient relationships of primary care.
Dr. Robert Harbaugh, M.D., is misinformed.
Primary care should be the critical foundation of our health care system. A wealth of published, credible data supports the value of primary care and prevention:
- Health care systems with a strong primary care sector are associated with reduced health care costs and improved quality of care.
- Primary care physicians decrease health care utilization through effective preventive care and enhanced coordination of care.
- Patients who have a family physician as their usual source of care have lower total medical care costs.
Harbaugh wrote, "The United States has a relatively high concentration of primary care physicians and a relatively low concentration of (sub)specialists compared to the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) average of all countries." Unfortunately, this statistic is skewed by counting all of "internal medicine" as a primary care specialty, erroneously including medical subspecialists as primary care. The truth is the ratio of primary care and subspecialty care proven to produce the best outcomes is now out of balance in the United States and threatens to get worse. Currently, less than 20 percent of medical students who enter internal medicine residencies go on to practice primary care.
Harbaugh asks if anyone believes that by investing more in primary care, we can prevent people from getting sick and save money. It may come as a surprise to Dr. Harbaugh, but not only do our nation's health care policy experts acknowledge the value of investing in primary care, but so do many of the nation's top business executives.
Harbaugh misses the point of primary care by describing it as "a brief meeting with a physician who tells patients what they already know." Primary care's strength is in continuity, the relationships formed with patients over years that allow early detection and intervention in medical illnesses. Family physicians are trained in effective behavioral change methods proven to make a difference in the health of their patients. Investing in primary care and the patient-centered medical home reduces overall system costs by reducing unnecessary hospitalizations and unnecessary emergency department visits.
Overall, Harbaugh fails to acknowledge the very real cost and patient safety differences in primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. His example from his own practice is the carotid endarterectomy, an example of tertiary prevention. Indeed, if a patient had access to a primary care physician to help control blood pressure, smoking cessation, and prescribe statins when necessary, the patient might even avoid the need for this procedure with its associated high costs and surgical risks.
Furthermore, we cannot hide from the truth. Primary care is among the lowest paid physician specialties in the United States, a travesty given the overall value that primary care brings to our patients, communities and the health care system. This huge income disparity has a profoundly negative impact on our country's future workforce. The average medical student today has more than $161,000 in education debt after medical school. Data increasingly show that debt and earning potential are swaying student specialty choice.
To close the gap in medical student specialty choice, the Council on Graduate Medical Education's 20th report recommended that primary care physicians be paid at 70 percent of subspecialists' pay. When our Canadian colleagues faced a similar decrease in primary care student interest 10 years ago, they increased the mean salary of family physicians and now have more medical students entering family medicine than ever.
Harbaugh interprets the data narrowly and quite selectively. The professional societies representing primary care have never advocated "robbing Peter to pay Paul" by increasing payments to primary care physicians at the expense of surgical specialties and other subspecialties. The AAFP's position has always been that savings from preventing avoidable emergency department use, hospitalizations, readmissions, procedures and tests will more than pay for improved payment for primary care.
Harbaugh says patients are the priority, and we couldn't agree more. If we are to address the toughest challenges in medicine, we must respect the value and expertise of all our medical colleagues -- primary care and subspecialists alike. By bringing physicians together, we can have a profound and far-reaching impact on medicine. But most importantly, we can do what is best for the health and well-being of our patients.
Jeff Cain, M.D., is the president of the AAFP.
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05 March 2018
Travels to Montenegro in the 19th century: a collection of digitised books
In the 19th century Montenegro was one of the least known countries, formally part of European Turkey, but in reality an unconquerable country on the edge of its existence, which presented a constant challenge to the power of the Porte. The Ottoman Turks overran Montenegro with large armies several times, captured the capital Cetinje, burned the villages and crops, but the free mountain people were never subjugated and thus invaders paid dearly in losses for their conquests and retreats. Before its full independence in 1878, the Turkish authorities never recognised the facto autonomous status of Montenegro.
In a collection of 18 travel books in six languages (French, Russian, English, Serbian, Italian and Hungarian), published between 1820 and 1896 and recently digitised by the British Library, European visitors to Montenegro recorded a wealth of knowledge about the country and its people.
Woman from Montenegro. From L.C. Vialla de Sommières, Voyage historique et politique au Montenegro (Paris, 1820). 10126.dd.14.
The travel accounts comprise history, topography, statistics and data on human and natural resources, maps and images of Montenegro. They describe the Montenegrins’ way of life and customs, their habits and character, religious ceremonies, superstitions and beliefs, skills, knowledge and ignorance in equal measure. These accounts provide useful insights into the everyday life of Montenegrins, their virtues and weaknesses and their moral values. The observers were equally interested in health and education, economy and trade, political relations, diplomacy and governance, legislation and consequently the life and development of the state of Montenegro.
The Montenegrin man was depicted as a free man and warrior armed at all times with a gun and sabre (yatagan) and the usual ‘strucca’ (struka) over his shoulder, a cover made of canvas or animal skin which he used against the elements or as a sleeping pad. Every Montenegrin wore a moustache, had shaved beard and the fore part of the head, as far as the line of the ear. He wore folding red cap with black lining, a homemade suit of rough cloth, which was long and narrow with tight sleeves and knee-high wide trousers with woollen socks and leather moccasins (opanak). The Montenegrin woman wore colourfully embroidered shirts and decorated outfit with a scarf for married women or a red cap for girls.
Fish was one of the most important products of Montenegro. Crnojević River (Rijeka Crnojevića) and Skadar Lake were abundant in quality freshwater fish. They were exported dried and salted to local markets and to Trieste, Venice and other places. Montenegro held a traditional fishing festival celebrated as a harvest holiday. This was a special occasion celebrated during fishing seasons in the presence of the Montenegrin ruler and dignitaries.
Cattaro (now Kotor). From Andrew Archibald Paton, Highlands and Islands of the Adriatic (London, 1849). 10126.dd.19.
As well as fish, the Montenegrins sold other products three times a week at the market in Kotor, which was the main trading town and a place of supply for Montenegro. Here the Montenegrins mostly traded in wool, goats, wood, dry meat, bacon, fat, lard, honey, wax, turtles, vegetables, livestock, game, eggs, milk, cheese, wheat, corn flour, potatoes etc.
Vladika (Prince-Bishop of Montenegro) Petar II Petrović Njegoš . From John Gardner Wilkinson, Dalmatia and Montenegro (London, 1848). 10290.dd.16.
The title of Vladika was a popular term for the Orthodox Metropolitan of Montenegro who was the spiritual, political and military leader of a theocratic patriarchal country. Petar II Petrović Njegoš successfully continued his predecessor’s reforms of the national customs, government and institutions of Montenegro. He founded the first primary school in Montenegro and a small press for the printing of school and educational material. In this press Vladika Petar II printed his early collection of poetry Pustinjak cetinjski (‘Cetinje hermit’) in 1834.
Tsetinje (Cetinje). From Emily Anne Beaufort, The Eastern Shores of the Adriatic in 1863 (London, 1864). 10126.d.32.
Cetinje monastery, destroyed and rebuilt several times until the mid-19th century, represented on its own the capital of Montenegro. Close to the monastery Vladika Petar II had his residence built (seen in this lithograph to the left of the monastery) which housed his private library and accommodated public administration. This was the beginning of the first town in Montenegro created at the foot of the high mountains which guarded the freedom and independence of this country.
Vojvoda Mirko Petrović epitomises a Montenegrin freedom fighter.He was a hardened military commander who won important battles against the Ottoman forces. A photographic portrait of Vojvoda Mirko was taken in 1863 and he is described in The Eastern Shores of the Adriatic in 1863: “In person he is a remarkable-looking man: very small for a Montenegrine, thin and spare in figure, every line in the closely-shaven face expressing decision, and the small restless eye lighting up in conversation with such a fierce eagle’s glance, that one can fancy how wild and fiery it must be in war. His voice is peculiarly high-pitched and thin, unlike that of his countrymen in general, but when excited in the Senate he managed to give it a hoarse roar that astounded one’s ears.”
First-hand travel accounts were usually published to meet the curiosity of the officials and the public of countries with a political, military, commercial, cultural or general interest in far-away or lesser known countries. Their detailed descriptions and insights remain valuable for researchers today. It can be seen that travel writers were well informed and well acquainted with the existing literature about the subject of their interest. Some travelogues provide useful bibliographies that reveal the body knowledge available at the time of writing. They enable two-way communication with the past and our understanding of the world as it used to be and as it is now. Since 1995 the publishing house CID in Podgorica has specialised in publishing international travel literature about Montenegro in Serbian translation which is an important addition to the British Library collection.
Milan Grba, Lead Curator South-East European Collections
Digitised books not cited in the text:
Egor Petrovich Kovalevsky, Chetyre miesiatsa v Chernogorii (St Petersburg, 1841) 10290.e.22.
Aleksandr Nikolaevich Popov, Puteshestvie v Chernogoriiu (St Petersburg, 1847) 10126.dd.13.
V. M. G. Medaković, Život i običai Crnogoraca (Novi Sad, 1860) 10126.eee.13.
J.M. Neale, Notes, ecclesiological and picturesque, on Dalmatia, Croatia, Istria, Styria, with a visit to Montenegro (London, 1861) 10205.b.7.
Richard Cortambert, Coup d’œil sur le Monténégro (Paris, 1861) 10126.d.10.
Alfred Boulongne, Le Monténégro, le pays et ses habitants (Paris, 1869) 10125.e.23.
R.H.R., Rambles in Istria, Dalmatia and Montenegro (London, 1875) 10210.ee.33.
James Creagh, Over the Borders of Christendom and Eslamiah… (London, 1876) 10125.bb.7.
Alfredo Serristori, La Costa Dalmata e il Montenegro durante la guerra del 1877 (Florence, 1877) 10127.ff.8.
James George Cotton Minchin, The Growth of Freedom in the Balkan Peninsula (London, 1886) 10126.aaa.19.
Adolf Strausz, A Balkan Félsziget (Budapest, 1888) 10125.f.11.
Pierre Bauron, Les Rives illyriennes (Paris, 1888) 10126.g.14.
Robert K. Kennedy, Montenegro and its Borderlands (London, 1894) 010127.a.24.
Giuseppe Marcotti, Montenegro e le sue donne (Milan, 1896) 10126.cc.14.
Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, Montenegro und die Montenegriner (Stuttgart, 1837). 1294.c.3. Serbian translation Crna Gora i Boka Kotorska (Belgrade, 1922). 012216.de.1/161.
Heinrich Stieglitz, Ein Besuch auf Montenegro (Stuttgart, 1841). 1294.c.5. Serbian translation Posjeta Crnoj Gori (Podgorica, 2004). YF.2008.a.34254.
Wilhelm Ebel, Zwölf Tage auf Montenegro (Königsberg, 1842-44). 1426.h.6. Digital copy available from the University of Belgrade Digital Library.
Johann Georg Kohl, Reise nach Istrien, Dalmatien und Montenegro (Dresden, 1851). 10290.a.14. Serbian translation Putovanje u Crnu Goru (Podgorica, 2005). YF.2008.a.30618.
Xavier Marmier, Lettres sur l’Adriatique et le Montenegro (Paris, 1854). 10205.bb.23. Serbian translation of Marmier’s Lettres and other works relating to Montenegro Pisma o Jadranu i Crnoj Gori (Podgorica, 1996). YF.2008.a.40694.
William F. Wingfield, A tour in Dalmatia, Albania, and Montenegro, with an historical sketch of the Republic of Ragusa (London, 1859) 10215.c.25. Available online from Books on Google.
Alfred Boulongne, Crna Gora: zemlja i stanovništvo (Podgorica, 2002). YF.2008.a.24793
Egor Kovalevskii, Chernogoriia i slovenskiia zemli (St Petersburg, 1872). 12264.f.16. Serbian translation of this and the same author’s Chetyre miesiatsa v Chernogorii (St Petersburg, 1841), as Crna Gora i slovenske zemlje (Podgorica, 1999). YA.2001.a.19183.
Gabriel Frilley, Jovan Vlahović, Le Monténégro contemporain (Paris, 1876). 10126.aaa.1. Serbian translation Savremena Crna Gora (Podgorica, 2001). YF.2008.a.34156.
La France au Monténégro d’après Vialla de Sommières et Henri Delarue. Récits de voyages publiés et complétés par Cyrille (Paris, 1876). 9135.aaa.12.
Alfredo Serristori, Crna Gora i Dalmatinska obala (Podgorica, 2010). YF.2011.a.14503.
Ludvík Kuba, Na Černé Hoře (Prague, 1892). 10125.ee.32. Serbian translation U Crnoj Gori (Podgorica, 1996). YF.2008.a.39380.
Ignat Horica, Na Cerné Hoře (Prague, 1895). 10125.cc.20.
Giuseppe Marcotti, Crna Gora i njene žene (Podgorica, 1997). YF.2008.a.28680. | <urn:uuid:ec2cd341-8255-44c5-87d4-71b4488c4467> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogs.bl.uk/european/2018/03/travels-to-montenegro-in-the-19th-century-a-collection-of-digitised-books.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.854603 | 2,681 | 3.0625 | 3 |
North Carolina officials say they will respond by Monday to the U.S. government's challenge to a controversial law on public restroom access for transgender people, but it was unclear if the state would defy Washington and risk a legal battle.
In the newest chapter of transgender Americans' fast-evolving fight for equal rights, the federal government has notified North Carolina that its law is a civil rights violation. The law, which went into effect in March, requires transgender people to use public bathrooms corresponding to the sex on their birth certificate.
If the state does not pull back from implementing the first-of-its-kind statute, it could face a federal lawsuit, according to three letters that the U.S. Justice Department sent last week to North Carolina officials.
The department declined to say whether it would take legal action, but the letters suggest it is willing to do so, setting the stage for a potentially costly court fight over an issue that has already sparked several boycotts against the state.
The letters were "a statement that they clearly are ready to litigate" on behalf of transgender people in North Carolina, said Chai Feldblum, a commissioner at the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
The commission works with the Justice Department to investigate discrimination charges by public employees.
The president of the University of North Carolina system and a spokesman for North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory said in response to inquiries from Reuters that they would respond to the Justice Department by a Monday deadline that the department set. But the state officials declined to say how they would reply. The state's department of public safety, , which also received a letter, did not respond to requests for comment.
McCrory and other Republican state leaders publicly affirmed their support for the law after they got the letters last week. They said the Justice Department's conclusion that the law discriminates against public employees and university members amounts to government "overreach."
If state officials do not abandon the law and the Justice Department successfully sues for a court order forcing the state to stop enforcing it, the state would have to comply or face the loss of federal funding.
North Carolina stands to lose $4.8 billion in federal funding, mainly educational grants, if it does not back down from the law, according to an analysis by lawyers at the University of California, Los Angeles Law School.
The Justice Department and McCrory squared off over the same issue last year through amicus briefs in a case involving a similar bathroom rule at Virginia schools. The administration's position was upheld by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, the same court that would hear appeals in any future federal case over the North Carolina law.
The law is already being challenged in federal district court by critics including the American Civil Liberties Union. | <urn:uuid:a2b10a0b-2e56-4332-a1db-e5c95900594c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ibtimes.com/north-carolina-faces-monday-deadline-us-challenge-bathroom-law-2366117 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720941.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00519-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965557 | 568 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Are they packed away in a box, or do you take them out from time to time, to leaf through, to taste like dark chocolate (bitter or sweet) or to cradle quietly in your arms?
Perhaps you keep the lid tightly closed. Maybe you even want to close the lid on this newsletter. It can be a lonely business dipping into grief on your own.
You are right. Grief needs to be felt in the company of others. Even though collective rituals of mourning may bring comfort on anniversaries of major events such as the Cave Creek collapse, Anzac Day, or the Christchurch earthquake, most grief is experienced alone.
Private death so often gets pushed away out of sight because of other people’s ideas about ‘getting over it’ and ‘you’ve had enough time.’
The meaning of Samhain
What if one day and night were set aside each year, at a time of seasonal resonance, for you to pause and light candles to remember your loved ones—and if you knew that others throughout the land were doing the same?
Well there is. April 30 is the date in the southern hemisphere, and October 31 in the north. Scratch the surface of Halloween and you will uncover Samhain, the most important festival of the Celtic year. It was held on the brink of winter, in honour of the dead.
As the year bowed its head towards darkness, so the Celts would drive their cattle inside for winter shelter, slaughtering the sick or weak beasts, lighting bonfires to ward off fearful spirits, feasting and welcoming in the ancestors as the tribe prepared to hunker down for the winter.
At Samhain, it was said that spirits of those who had passed would stalk the earth, and that the veil between the worlds was thin. The presence of the dead was fully acknowledged, and felt.
Is it a sign of our unwillingness to face death that we have reduced Samhain to the fancy dress party of Halloween, and in the southern hemisphere have consigned it to spring time, safely removed from all associations with the falling leaves, withering plants and the dying of the light?
The veil between the worlds
It’s so evocative, that old Celtic concept of the veil between the worlds growing thin in the empty space between autumn and winter. But what worlds were they thinking of?
Think of the world of spirit and the material world, the world of life and the world of death, as well as the conscious and unconscious: all realms that are so often kept apart. Until nature causes a juddering.
Perhaps you have sensed the thinness of the veil at times of transition, when nature changes rhythm. I’m thinking of the eerie greenish light that can flood the earth at the end of day, just before sunset. And then of course, the plunge into darkness that is even more striking now that the end of daylight saving compounds the effect of the dying light.
Some of you might experience the shift by catching colds, or feeling an unexplained restlessness within. Darkness invites reflection, and a special kind of awareness. An end-of-day walk is very different when shadows and chill gather as you hurry home. To the Celts, ghosts, faeries and hobgoblins lurked in the shadows: in other words, the presence of other realms, the unconscious, fears and dreads.
Making friends with the shadows
Suppression so often leads to ambush. Out of the shadows leap the very things you have been trying to keep at bay, and you are spooked.
Far better to do what the ancient Britons did. Pour a glass of wine, place some ‘soul cakes’ on a plate, and leave them out for the visitors. Or, visit the graves of your loved ones. Create an altar to the season, sit quietly with trusted companions, light candles and remember the past souls. Welcome them in. Welcome in the ancestors. Chew on their wisdom. Drink their love. Let them lead you forward into fearlessness.
For wisdom is the property of the dead,
A something incompatible with life . . .
—W B Yeats
Even though April 30, the date of our Samhain, has passed, we are still in the zone of shadows. It’s not too late to part the veils; in fact it’s never too late. For according to Maori, the past is always before us. Looking it in the face takes strength, and builds strength.
Nga tipuna ki mua, Ko tatou kei muri
The ancestors are in front, we are behind.
The Seasons Newsletter is sent by email every 2-4 weeks. To receive the Seasons Newsletter, you can subscribe by clicking the button on the Home Page of this website. You will then be able to download a free audio. | <urn:uuid:b4feb284-2595-4f84-9d30-8169cf1ea0ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.julietbatten.co.nz/looking-back-samhain/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.955429 | 1,011 | 2.390625 | 2 |
But the training regime is unrealistic and, moreover:
What's most plausible about portrayals of Batman's skills?
You could train somebody to be a tremendous athlete and to have a significant martial arts background, and also to use some of the gear that he has, which requires a lot of physical prowess. Most of what you see there is feasible to the extent that somebody could be trained to that extreme. We're seeing that kind of thing in less than a month in the Olympics.
Great stuff. Go read the whole thing.
How would Batman get enough rest?
The difficulty for Batman is he's going to be trying to sleep during the day. He's going to be really tired, actually, unless he can shift himself over to just being up at night. If he were just a nocturnal guy, he would actually be a lot healthier and have a lot better sleep than if he were doing what he does now, which is getting some light here and there. That's going to mess up his sleep patterns and duration of sleep.
Wouldn't fighting Gotham's thugs every night take its toll?
The biggest unreal part of the way Batman's portrayed is the nature of his injuries. Most of the time, in the comics and in the movies, even when he wins, he usually winds up taking a pretty good beating. There's a real failure to show the cumulative effect of that. The next day he's shown out there doing the same thing again. He'd likely be quite tired and injured.
But I got to pondering: what about the cost to Gotham? Remember the main car chase in Batman Begins?
Just how many millions of dollars in property damage did Batman inflict on Gotham in that one night? And how are those poor property owners going to explain things to their insurance company?
Plus, if the mob runs the construction business and unions in Gotham, Batman's rooftop drives are helping subsidize organized crime.
And what if some of those crumnlig roofs had fallen through the ceiling of the top floor apartment and crushed some poor guy trying to get a good night's sleep?
It would probably be cheaper for Gotham to buy off the bad guys than let Batman run rampant.
And, as for Batman, he better hope his secret identity remains secret forever or Bruce Wayne is going to get sued into the poor house.
Update: John Carney notes that Batman/Bruce Wayne appears to be rampantly violating federal securities laws and state corporate fiduciary duty laws:
Wayne's criminality is exactly the sort readers of DealBreaker are all too familiar with. He seems to be a white-collar criminal, engaging in the kind of corporate crimes that attract our real-life two-faced prosecutors. He takes corporate resources to pursue his own interests, uses underhanded means to acquire a majority stake in Wayne Enterprises after encouraging an initial public offering, and intimidates a potential whistle-blower.
At the start of Batman Begins, Wayne Enterprises is a private corporation controlled by William Earle, who is portrayed a the typical evil corporate titan familiar to anyone who watches Hollywood movies about big businesses. In order to gain control of the company, Wayne encourages the company to go public. Wayne then uses probably illegal chicanery and subterfuge to buy up a majority stake in Wayne Enterprises and ousts the board and management. Already Wayne seems to be violating federal disclosure and anti-take over laws.
In The Dark Knight, Wayne is discovered by an M&A lawyer to be using corporate resources for his own purposes. Specifically, Bruce has converted the R&D division into a research program to create cool equipment for Batman. When the lawyer approaches Wayne's handpicked chief executive (played by Morgan Freeman) with his discoveries, the CEO intimidates him by pointing out that unmasking a guy who spends his nights beating people to a pulp is probably not a great idea.
Bruce Wayne seems to feel no guilt about exploiting the minority shareholders in Wayne Enterprises or pillaging the corporate treasury for his crusade. How serious is this? Remember that recently prosecutors and business reporters across the country went on a jihad against a minor corporate misdeed called "backdating." If the typical backdating CEO could be compared to a mafioso underboss, Bruce Wayne is the Joker
Viewed in this way, Wayne, his CEO and their buddies in law-enforcement are corporate baddies engaged in a war against street criminals. We can't help thinking that this gives a very different meaning to the Joker's idea that Gotham deserves a better class of criminal. | <urn:uuid:ffcee7fd-529e-440c-b1f0-c77b7fa3b7da> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.professorbainbridge.com/professorbainbridgecom/2008/07/batman-broken-body-broken-property-broken-laws.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00448-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973513 | 927 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Voyages and Travels
Many of the works in the Tippmann Collection are European travel narratives dating from the eighteenth through the twentieth centuries. These works focus on the natural history and sometimes specifically on the insects of a region or country. Explorers, often accompanied by naturalists and artists, traveled to Asia, South America, and Antarctica in search of adventure. The naturalists on these voyages described and collected the flora and fauna of a region, while the artists drew specimens for future publication.
Henry Walter Bates (1825-1892) was a British naturalist and entomologist, who amassed large general collections of Amazonian specimens during fourteen years of field work. Accompanied by Alfred Russel Wallace, he set out to become a professional collector of specimens in the Amazon in 1848. Bates discovered that closely related species often were separated geographically by rivers, but he did not realize this was evidence of geographical speciation. Bates studied color patterns in butterflies, which defined Batesian mimicry, a natural phenomena in which nonpoisonous species mimic the bright warning colors of poisonous ones.
Henry Walter Bates, 1825-1892. Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley: Coleoptera--Longicornes. Part I - Lamiares. London: Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, 1861-1866. Originally published in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser 3, v. 8-9, 12-17 (1861-1866).
Thomas Belt. The Naturalist in Nicaragua: A Narrative of a Residence at the Gold Mines of Chontales; Journeys in the Savannahs and Forests, with Observations on Animals and Plants in Reference to the Theory of Evolution of Living Forms. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1874, (London : Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Printers, Whitefriars.) Belt dedicated this book to Henry Walter Bates "whose admirable work, The Naturalist on the River Amazons, has been my guide and model." This illustration, the frontispiece titled "Adventure with a jaguar," depicts the adventurer in action in the jungles of Nicaragua.
Lucas Brulle and Pierre Macquart. Histoire Naturelle des Îles Canaries or Animaux Articulés Recueillis aux Îles Canaries. Paris: Béthune, éditeur.
Hermann Julius (H. J.) Kolbe, 1855-?. Beiträge zur Zoogeographie Westafrikas, nebst einem Bericht über die während der Loango-Expedition von Herrn Dr. Falkenstein bei Chinchoxo gesammelten Coleoptera. Halle: [s.n.], 1887 (Dresden : E. Blochmann & Sohn). Plates are signed by H. Tieffenbach. The faux alligator cover is indicative of the interest in exotic animals in the Victorian era.
Charlemagne Théophile Lefebvre, 1811-1860. Voyage en Abyssinie: Exécuté pendant les Années 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, par une Commission Scientifique Composée de Théophile Lefebvre, A. Petit et Quartin-Dillon, Vignaud; Publié par Ordre du Roi, Sous les Auspices de le Vice-Amiral Baron de Mackau, Ministre de la Marine. Paris: Arthus Bertrand, Libraire de la Société de Géographie, 1845-1851.
Frederic Moore, F.Z.S. 1830-1907. Associate of the Linnean Society of London, member of the Entomological Society of London, corresponding member of the Entomological Society of Stettin and of the Entomological Society of the Netherlands. The Lepidoptera of Ceylon. Volume II. London: L. Reeve & Co., 1882-1883.
Published under the patronage of the government of Ceylon, in thirteen parts. Gilt-decorated binding.
Yngve Sjöstedt, 1866-?. I Västafrikas Urskogar: Natur- Och Djurlifsskildringar Från en Zoologisk Resa I Kamerun. Stockholm: Fröléen & Comp., 1904 (Stockholm: Tryckt hos P. Palmquists, Aktiebolag). Gilt decorated binding.
Sir Hans Sloane, 1660-1753. A Voyage to the Islands Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S. Christophers, and Jamaica, with the Natural History of the Herbs and Trees, Four-Footed Beasts, Fishes, Birds, Insects, Reptiles & c. of the Last of Those Islands. London: vol. 1, Benjamin] Motte for the author, 1707; vol. 2 for the author, 1725.
Two volumes. The volumes depict the earliest representations of the flora and fauna of Jamaica and the neighboring islands. Engravings by Michael van der Gucht and John Savage.
Dumont d'Urville, Jules-Sébastien-César, 1790-1842. Voyage de la Corvette l'Astrolabe: Exécuté par Ordre du Roi, Pendant les Années 1826-1827-1828-1829. Paris: J. Tastu, 1830-1835.
Dumont d'Urville, Jules-Sébastien-César, 1790-1842.Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Océanie sur les Corvettes L'Astrolabe et la Zélée. Atlas Pittoresque. First Volume. Paris: Gide et Cie, Éditeurs, 1846.
Jules Sébastien César Dumont D'Urville (1790-1842) commanded the ship L'Astrolabe's 1825 expedition in search of the remnants of the La Perouse. Scientific research was very important after the French Revolution and Napoleonic wars, and France wanted to know about the fate of the La Perouse's expedition. The ship's name was the same as Perouses's ship, which disappeared somewhere in the Pacific in 1788. D'Urville discovered the place where the former Astrolabe sank near the coast of Vanikoro, New Hebrides.
A second scientific voyage took place from 1826 to 1829, in which the Astrolabe traveled in terrifying storms, ran aground six times, and miraculously escaped destruction. The ship reached Vanikoro, where a monument was created to the memory of the lost sailors, and the crew returned with the remains of L'Astrolabe and the La Perouse. Eight years later, Dumont D'Urville undertook a third circumnavigation, still in the Astrolabe, but also with the ship, the Zelee.
Alfred Russel Wallace, 1823-1913. Der Malayische Archipel: Die Heimath des Orang-Utan und des Paradiesvogels. Reiseerlebnisse und Studien über Land und Leute. [The Malay Archipelago : the land of the orang-utan and the bird of paradise. German.] Braunschweig: Druck und Verlag von George Westermann, 1869. Edition: Autorisirte Deutsche Ausgabe von Adolf Bernhard Meyer.
Alfred Russell Wallace discovered the theory of natural selection with Charles Darwin, and helped to develop the theory of biogeography. Like many Victorian-era naturalists, Wallace was self taught. He collected specimens and traveled in the Amazon region and in southeast Asia. He worked with Henry Walter Bates on Amazonian field work. In the mid-1850s, he took an interest in the species problem and published several papers arguing that evolution made sense based on geographical distributions of species. He developed the theory of natural selection separate from Darwin and wrote to Darwin for help with publishing his ideas. Darwin had already developed his own ideas on natural selection, and the two worked on a joint presentation to the Linnean Society in 1858. Wallace gave most of the credit for the theory of natural selection to Darwin, and Darwin recognized Wallace's contributions by arranging for Wallace to receive a government pension and many scientific honors.
Typical of nineteenth century naturalists, Wallace was also interested in other subjects such as evolution, geography, anthropology, and social criticism. He was born January 8, 1823 at Usk, Gwent (formerly Monmouthshire). The family fell on hard times and Alfred Wallace was forced to withdraw from school. Through his work, he developed an appreciation of the outdoors and began his interest in natural history, particularly botany, geology, and astronomy. Despite his lack of education, Wallace's exceptional intellect helped him to become associated with the newly formed Mechanic's Institution in 1841. Shortly thereafter he moved to Neath, Wales, and attended lectures given at local scientific societies. Over time, Wallace gave lectures based on his own study of technical issues and natural history. He also began writing essays in the 1840s. A slowdown in the surveying industry forced Wallace to seek other opportunities. He applied for and received an open position at the Collegiate School in Leicester, where he taught drafting, surveying, English, and arithmetic. Wallace used the library to study works on natural history and systematics. While at Collegiate, he met another young amateur naturalist, Henry Walter Bates.
Bates, two years younger than Wallace, had made a name for himself as an accomplished entomologist. Bates's collections captured Wallace's attention. Wallace returned to surveying in February 1845, but he did not like running a business and preferred to continue his avocations related to natural history. His passion for natural history led to an appointment as curator of the Neath Philosophical and Literary Institute's museum. Wallace continued to correspond with his friend, Bates. He also became interested in a new book about a voyage to the Amazon by William H. Edwards. Wallace decided to become a professional naturalist and explore South America. He convinced Bates to join him and on April 25, 1848, the two young men headed for Pará, now called Belém, at the mouth of the Amazon River.
Wollaston Expedition (1912-1913). Ogilvie-Grant, William Robert, 1863-1924. Reports on the collections made by the British ornithologists' union expedition and the Wollaston expedition in Dutch New Guinea, 1910-13. London: F. Edwards, 1916.
Send questions or comments to: NCSU Libraries Special Collections | <urn:uuid:5f98d062-cfef-460c-9612-be54b3317471> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/archivedexhibits/tippmann/voyages.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721027.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00550-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.87124 | 2,301 | 3.171875 | 3 |
JapaneseMaple.jpg 729pages on this wiki Add New Page Edit History Talk0 Size of this preview: 360 × 480 pixels. Other resolutions: 180 × 240 pixels | 450 × 600 pixels | 576 × 768 pixels | 768 × 1,024 pixels. Full resolution (2,448 × 3,264 pixels, file size: 1.66 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg) About File History Metadata There is no description yet. Add a description. Appears on these pages of Arboreal Frippery The Arboreal Frippery (イチコロダオレ) is a treasure found in Pikmin 2. In the PAL version, the... See full list > File history Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment current16:58, May 18, 20142,448 × 3,264 (1.66 MB)AeroBlaze777 (wall | contribs) Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file. Camera manufacturer Apple Camera model iPhone 4S Exposure time 1/20 sec (0.05) F Number f/2.4 ISO speed rating 200 Date and time of data generation 18:40, May 28, 2013 Lens focal length 4.28 mm Latitude 40° 1′ 2.4″ N Longitude 76° 44′ 16.8″ W Altitude 200 meters above sea level Orientation Normal Horizontal resolution 72 dpi Vertical resolution 72 dpi Software used iPhoto 9.4.3 File change date and time 18:40, May 28, 2013 Exposure Program Normal program Exif version 2.21 Date and time of digitizing 18:40, May 28, 2013 Meaning of each component does not exist does not exist does not exist Y APEX shutter speed 4.3219284603421 APEX aperture 2.5260691271236 APEX brightness 1.7885507993811 Metering mode Pattern Flash Flash did not fire Supported Flashpix version 0,100 Color space sRGB Sensing method One-chip color area sensor Custom image processing 2 Exposure mode Auto exposure White balance Auto white balance Focal length in 35 mm film 35 mm Scene capture type Standard GPS time (atomic clock) 22:40:2229 Reference for direction of image True direction Direction of image 330.5401459854 Read more Rubber Ugly Dream Series Sud Generator Retrieved from "http://pikmin.wikia.com/wiki/File:JapaneseMaple.jpg?oldid=107714" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you’ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. | <urn:uuid:3a151aa6-9553-458d-8d79-6cb99efeb228> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://pikmin.wikia.com/wiki/File:JapaneseMaple.jpg | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00428-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.802069 | 626 | 1.742188 | 2 |
____ is the son of a well known mob boss, however he doesn't really pay attention to that part of his life. In fact he tries his hardest to stay out of this family business because he doesn't want to be associated with the Mob. He wants to go into politics, and not the dirty under the table kind of politics his father is associated with. So far his dad supports this, not wanting to get in his sons way of achieving what he wants but at the same time still trying to push him to take up the position as the boss when he passes. _____ is dead set against this and does his best to ignore these subtle suggestions from his father. He is currently a first year student at the local university, not allowed to stray far from his home town because his father is worried that he would be in danger if not under the watchful eyes of his men or at least in his 'territory'. One day when he goes into his English class he is not met with the smiling wrinkled face of his usual professor but instead the cold calculating smolder of none other than Steve Evans. A tall, muscular, God of a man with striking blue eyes and a dark look about him. However while everyone else in class is eager to get to know professor Evans ___ is already perfectly aware of who he is. He is his fathers greatest enemy and a constant threat to the mob. He is the boss of the rival mob, constantly getting one step ahead of ____ father and driving his dad insane. Steve is known for his cruelty and his unnerving wit. He is feared by most and loathed by many. His Mob is one of the most dangerous organizations in the city, credited ,but never charged for,many deaths of well known politicians that simply got in the way. Now he was ____'s English professor! However _____ isn't afraid of Steve like everyone else, he doesn't believe that he is cold and ruthless, so he outright confronts the man only to find out he wasn't here for any business reason but to simply get to know ______. At first _____ doesn't believe it, he has been around the mob long enough to know that there was always an agenda but soon he finds himself falling to the charm and wit of his fathers arch nemesis. Of course Steve is only charming this young man in the hopes of using him against his father, at least that is how it was at first. But slowly but surely _____ is chipping away at the hard shell around his heart and Steve actually begins to care about him which his men are nota huge fan of the idea of their boss going soft. What will Steve do when he is approached about this growing concern? Also what will ___'s father do if he ever discovers their relationship? Ok so I also have an alternate plot with this pairing where YC is lured into a very abusive, sexy, messed up relationship with MC. This can all be edited and changed because I am all for discussing plot with my partner so it works for us both. | <urn:uuid:a6e925bf-a2ff-4938-a0bb-e8d5212c7ad9> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.iwakuroleplay.com/threads/a-mobsters-heart.82450/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721027.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00550-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.991755 | 616 | 1.78125 | 2 |
And by woods, I mean fenced in backyards where parents can let their kids roam free before cabin fever sets in.
- Glow-in-the-dark paint
- Elmer’s glue gel
- Hot water
- Combine one cup of hot water with a cup of Borax. Stir until the Borax won’t dissolve anymore.
- In another container, mix together 4 ounces of glue gel with one cup of warm water.
- Place one part of the Borax mixture in a large Ziploc bag, and then add in three parts of the glue gel solution. Mix together and then pour in the glow-in-the-dark paint. The more paint you add the brighter your slime will be.
- When it gets dark, let the kids have fun outside playing with the fluorescent slime.
Homemade Face Paint
Don’t spend a fortune on store-bought face paint this summer when you can make your own at home for mere pennies. All you need is some cold cream, cornstarch and some food coloring. To make the paint, mix together 1/2 cup of cold cream with 2 tablespoons of cornstarch. As you mix, check the consistency of the face paint. You may need to add more cornstarch to thicken the cream. When you have the right consistency, add in a few drops of food coloring. If you want bolder colors, be sure to use more of the dye. Once the face paint is made, use cotton swabs to apply or just let kids use their fingers. The paint comes off easily with water, so let them have a ball using their creativity to come up with unique designs. | <urn:uuid:05f47e81-7457-4256-bb8f-1dbf76575dc3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.families.com/simple-summer-fun-2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00426-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.889644 | 349 | 2.09375 | 2 |
In AD 79, the Italian cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum were entirely destroyed by the violent eruption of one of the most legendary volcanoes, Mount Vesuvius. This bit of ancient history is wholly irrelevant to this forthcoming review of Italian Volcano Juices, unless of course, you take the product name as a deferential salute to this remarkable, but extremely volatile, mountain. Otherwise, you can literally mix the tangerine and blood orange juices together, and you will have something that looks vaguely like molten lava.
Playfulness aside, Italian Volcano juices are certified organic citrus juices, hand-harvested (as the label proclaims) from the slopes of the Mt. Etna Volcano in Sicily (just across the Mediterranean Sea from Vesuvius). For those of you that are developing a conscience about unnecessary transport and import of foods from abroad, buying a 750 ML bottle of orange juice from Italy may not fill you with a lot of consumer confidence. However, as an occasional indulgence, it is positively worth it.
While tangerine juice is not all that difficult to track down, blood orange juice is relatively scarce in American supermarkets. Italian Volcano Blood Orange Juice tastes like quite the find, with a moderately sweet, but refreshingly tart and complex flavor reminiscent of fresh blood oranges. The color is, as you would expect, a deep crimson that is ideally served chilled, or in a tall glass over ice. Just by the looks of it, Italian Volcano Blood Orange Juice is absolutely primed for the artful hand of some cocktail wizard or amateur mixologist.
The Tangerine Juice was just as beautiful as the Blood Orange, with a deep and consistent (no pulp) amber orange color, but not quite as flavorful and satisfying as the Blood Orange. It was tart, and mildly sweet, but had the quality of being too concentrated in flavor (almost reminiscent of juice concentrate) and was missing the subtleties of fresh tangerines. When mixed with soda water, or other spirits, the Tangerine Juice seemed to find its balance, but all in all, it was not as impressive as the Blood Orange Juice.
Italian Volcano Blood Orange and Tangerine Juices are available in the refrigerated section of Bristol Farms, Whole Foods Market, Wild Oats, Village Farms Grocery, County Fair Foods, and Trader Joe's Market. | <urn:uuid:b46610ed-a437-4242-b679-5dca3914ade6> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.delish.com/food/a29484/citrus-blast-italian-volcano-j/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720153.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00324-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95432 | 478 | 1.523438 | 2 |
THE BIOPRINT OF BURROWING PALEOZOIC ARTHROPODS
Why were arthropod burrows overlooked for so long? One reason is that many arthropod burrows superficially resemble “worms” or worm burrows. For instance, controversy continues on whether Arthrophycus was made by arthropods or by polychaetes, although historically both ideas were broached more than a hundred years ago. Another reason is that some arthropod burrows were misidentified as trails; e.g., Cruziana is still called a trail, despite the realization that most Cruziana was produced beneath the sediment-water interface. A third reason is that the greatest diversification of decapod crustaceans did not occur until the Mesozoic, and Paleozoic arthropods such as trilobites were not regarded as strong burrowers. Finally, until taxonomists began to pay attention to the bioprint – that is, the morphologic characteristics that allow recognition of the tracemaker – caution prevented assignment of Paleozoic burrows to any particular group of animals.
The bioprint of arthropod burrows includes such features as: (1) continuity with or morphologic similarity to bilaterally symmetrical resting traces shaped like arthropods; (2) sets of striae (scratchmarks) made probably by limbs with an exoskeleton; or less commonly (3) continuity with trackways made by multiple limbs. Based on such information, at least some members of the following Paleozoic ichnogenera can be assigned to arthropods: Arthrophycus, Beaconites, Cruziana, Nereites, Rusophycus, Taenidium, Teichichnus, Thalassinoides, Trichophycus. Hence, interpretations of arthropod burrows in Paleozoic deposits should lend to more realistic assessments of tracemaker diversity in ichnoassemblages. | <urn:uuid:b2d32f58-96f5-48a6-8b62-ec6de6998b82> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2010NE/webprogram/Paper169733.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.950188 | 411 | 3.9375 | 4 |
Newly elected NYS Assemblyman Angelo J. ‘Judge’ Morinello (R,C,I,Ref-Niagara Falls) whose district includes Niagara County and Grand Island in Erie County, has been assigned several committees for the 2017-2018 Legislative Session. This session, Morinello will serve as member of the Codes, Higher Education, Housing and Tourism Committees, and will serve as Ranking Minority Member of the Veterans’ Affairs Committee.
His Tourism Committee membership may be of particular importance, given that his district encompasses the city of Niagara Falls, one of the poorest, most crime-riddled cities in America, long under Democratic rule, and is also among the greatest tourism destinations in the world. More than 20 million tourists visit both sides of Niagara Falls – Ontario and New York.
Somehow, Niagara Falls, Ontario has thrived while Niagara Falls, New York plunged into an abyss of poverty, crime, high taxes and depopulation.
It is known as a wonder of the world, both for its unrivaled waterfalls and its ability to squander resources like tourism which would make any city in the world prosperous. Instead, Niagara Falls, New York, the city, has the highest property taxes, the highest crime, and record amounts of welfare dependency.
Many believe that the root cause of this poverty is Albany’s usurpation of Niagara Falls tourism and its hydropower, local assets which largely profit New York City. Under the nine-year administration of Niagara Falls Mayor Paul Dyster and six years of Gov. Andrew Cuomo, the city has fallen to breathtakingly record lows of population, while crime, ratio of sex offenders to residents, housing vacancies, creation of heavily subsidized, wildly inflated but unneeded developer driven affordable housing (there are hundreds of low rent vacancies all over the city), mid-scale subsidized hotels, taken off the tax rolls, built by developer donors to Cuomo, and a kowtowing to Albany interests have all increased.
Without Assemblyman Ceretto or Dyster’s input or any stakeholder discussions, Cuomo renewed the disastrous Seneca Gaming Compact for another decade, which gives the Seneca Nation the right to develop on its 50 acres in downtown Niagara Falls a monopoly casino, as well as tax free businesses such as hotels, retail stores and now a tax- free gas station and convenience store, to compete with the highest taxed businesses and residents in the state.
Both Ceretto and Dsyter are seen as puppets of the micromanaging and controlling Cuomo. Ceretto even switched parties from Republican to Democrat, which was seen as a move encouraged by Cuomo.
Morinello waged a hard fought campaign against Ceretto, a Democrat, in a Democratic voter majority district.
The leaking of emails by one of Ceretto’s ex-staffers during the campaign revealed that Ceretto and his chief aide Rob Nichols played politics with his member item money. One of the ironies of this was that leaked emails showed that Ceretto’s office resisted offering funding for a planned Nikola Tesla museum in Niagara Falls, because one of the proposed museum volunteers, James Hufnagel, is a writer for the Niagara Falls Reporter, which has criticized Cuomo and Dyster. To add even more irony, the staffer who leaked the information was also a member of the Tesla Museum committee.
Other leaked emails ran the gamut from revealing that Ceretto only made appearances at meetings concerning his district if it directly helped his campaign, to avoiding funding Republican town initiatives, because he was snubbed at a picnic.
Morinello, formerly a Niagara Falls City Court Judge, ran on a platform of integrity and opposition to the sell-out of Niagara Falls’ assets to Albany.
Which brings us full circle: to make a change in what Morinello has observed is the siphoning of tourism by Albany, he may have to make a stand against the Governor and his monopolization of the Niagara Falls State Park by two of Cuomo’s big donors, James Glynn (Maid of the Mist) and Jeremy Jacobs (Delaware North, which has the bulk of the concessions).
“I’m excited to meet my committee colleagues and begin my work in these various areas of concentration,” said Morinello. “I am also grateful to have been appointed the role of Minority Ranker on the Veterans’ Affairs Committee. My experience serving in our military and my relationships with fellow veterans will help give me that extra insight into policymaking for these individuals.”
Morinello is a Vietnam combat veteran, having served from 1968-70 in the U.S. Army’s “Big Red 1”, who fought main force Viet Cong and regular North Vietnamese Army forces in the jungles northwest of Saigon.
Last week it was reported in the Niagara Falls Reporter that the defeated and unemployed Ceretto was handed a political job in Cuomo’s New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, and is to be stationed in an office in the Niagara Falls State Park as a “project director” a newly created position with no known job description. | <urn:uuid:acb3291b-a96e-4839-8a99-47e3de2826b4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://niagarafallsreporter.com/assembly-member-morinellos-committee-roles-position-fight-local-control-tourism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00053-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962629 | 1,057 | 1.75 | 2 |
Cable about to "get leapfrogged"
We're playing offense, not defense when competing against the Bells," says Brian Roberts, chief executive of Comcast, the country's largest cable operator with over 21 million subscribers.
The technological arms race is further evidence that television is entering a new content- and feature-rich era. Early signs of this transition were the introduction of TiVo and other digital video recorders and video-on-demand services that enable viewers to watch shows whenever they want.
But many more new products and services are in the works by businesses using Internet technology to combine the functions of TVs, computers, the Internet and telephones. Cable has to make sure it doesn't get leapfrogged. "This is about totally changing this industry," says Lea Ann Champion, senior vice president of phone giant SBC Communications Inc.
Internet technology poses a challenge to cable primarily because it raises the possibility of virtually unlimited television content. The TV service that telephone companies like SBC Communications plan to offer will transmit channels the way Web pages are transmitted off the Internet; only those requested will be beamed to the set. Advocates of this approach talk of a day of massive amounts of content appealing to niche markets, like programs in numerous foreign languages and archived episodes of "My Mother, the Car."
Cable systems, by contrast, typically transmit every channel they offer at once to every subscriber. The cable box, often built into the TV, acts as a filter to select which of the channels from this stream is seen on the set. If a certain channel isn't part of the cable company's feed, the customer can't get it. Current technology limits this stream to about 400 channels, depending on how many are high-definition.
Internet technology, meantime, also promises to make it easier to combine features of the Internet and television, giving viewers the ability to, say, record shows on their home digital video recorders by clicking on a Web browser in their office.
The other threat to cable from the Internet comes from companies ranging from giants like Microsoft Corp. to start-ups like Akimbo Systems Inc. that are enabling consumers with high-speed Internet connections to download content off the Web onto computers or set-top boxes connected to their TVs. Here too, the amount of possible content is nearly unlimited. Computers with Microsoft's Media Center software, for example, can show thousands of online movies on a TV screen from such online sources as Movielink and CinemaNow. Late last year, Akimbo began selling a set-top box with an Internet hookup that offers TV content from 125 providers in 50 categories, including video Web logs, or blogs.
So far, consumer response to these download services has been lukewarm, partly because viewers haven't been bowled over by the quality of the content. But demand might pick up as more players start moving additional content from the Web to the TV, notably TiVo Inc.; a venture of SBC and satellite-TV company EchoStar Communications Corp.; and start-ups DaveTV and Brightcove Networks Inc.
Until recently, the cable industry has had the reputation of being a technological laggard. Satellite rivals were the first to introduce a wide range of products, including digital channels, high-definition programming and digital-video recorders.
But lately, as competition has intensified, the cable industry has become more innovative. Cable operators have sunk tens of billions into upgrades and were much faster than phone companies, for example, in launching high-speed Internet connections, which has turned into a huge business. Most major cable companies now are launching phone service, using Internet technology similar to what many phone companies are using to get into TV.
Source: Grant, Peter. "Cable Operators Rush Services To Keep Edge." THE WALL STREET JOURNAL (July 21, 2005): B1 & B8.
URL for complete article: | <urn:uuid:ac050f5f-40f9-4ba8-b9ea-1534d9c7d2ae> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.artdiamondblog.com/archives/2005/07/cable_about_to.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00209-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954867 | 803 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Clean Energy. We’re all for it. In fact we’re the Southern Alliance for it. But what is it?
I’m not talking about the “clean” part. That one word deserves its own essay. I’m talking about the “energy” part. We all have some idea about what energy is. We all pay utility bills. What we’re paying our hard-earned dollars for is energy, electrical energy, expressed as “kilowatt-hours.” Let’s take a look at what that is.
In the hodgepodge of units we use here in the U.S., there are two main kinds: English and metric. Although the U.S. has steadfastly refused to convert to the metric system (along with Liberia and Burma) the electricity industry is one place where the metric system has crept in. The kilowatt-hour is a metric unit.
Let’s start, though, with another metric unit. In the metric system, energy is measured in joules.
Energy, or work, is what happens when you move a force a certain distance. The joule is defined as measuring the energy involved in moving a force of one newton (the metric measure of force, kind of like a pound) a distance of one meter. In everyday terms, if you pick an apple up off the floor and lift it onto your kitchen table, you’ve produced about a joule of energy.
The joule was named for the English physicist James Prescott Joule who lived in the 1800s. He’s best known for discovering the relationship between work and heat. Since this unit, the joule, is named for a real person, it is treated a little differently by the metric system. Notice that the unit, the joule, is not capitalized. But, since Joule is a person, the abbreviation is capitalized. So it’s a joule, abbreviated J.
The main point here is that the joule is an amount of energy.
Next let’s talk about a rate of energy use. When you picked up that apple and put it on the table, how long did it take? If it took about one second then you had an energy output of one joule (the amount of energy it took to lift the apple) per second (the amount of time it took). So you were producing energy at a rate of one joule per second.
The metric system defines the watt as a rate of energy production equal to one joule per second. So you were producing energy at the rate of one watt.
The watt is named for James Watt. Watt was a Scottish inventor who lived about half a century before Joule. James Watt is famous for inventing the steam engine, although he didn’t really do that. What he did was take the bad design of the steam engine in use in his day and make so many improvements that it became a much more useful engine. So much so that it pretty much kick started the industrial revolution. Again, since Watt is a real person, the unit is the watt, abbreviated W.
Main point: the watt is a rate of energy use.
So you would think we were pretty much done at this point. We’ve got a unit, the joule, for an amount of energy. We’ve got another unit, the watt, for a rate of energy use. What more do we need?
Unfortunately, over the years, the electric industry has decided to take it one more step. Remember that a watt is the same thing as a joule per second. So if we multiply the rate at which we are using energy, in watts, by the amount of time we use it, in seconds, we get the amount of energy used over that time period, in joules. But instead of using joules the electric industry uses the watt-second (sort of, hang on for a bit). In other words, instead of multiplying watts times seconds to get joules, they multiply watts times seconds to get watt-seconds.
A joule measures the same thing a watt-second measures – an amount of energy – but joules don’t show up on your utility bill. Actually, neither does a watt-second. What shows up on your utility bill is not the watt-second, which represents using one watt for one second. What shows up on your utility bill is the unit that represents using 1,000 watts for one hour, the kilowatt-hour. That keeps the numbers manageable.
As an example, let’s consider a 100-watt incandescent light bulb.
By the way, the use of the 100-watt bulb as an example is not long for this world. The 100-watt bulb is going the way of the dodo; it’s rapidly being replaced by compact fluorescents and LEDs. So let’s get as much use out of it as an example as we can, while people still know what one is.
When you turn on a 100-watt bulb it uses electricity at a rate of 100 watts. No surprise there. If you let it burn for one hour, you’ve used an amount of electricity equal to 100 watts times one hour, or 100 watt-hours. If you let it burn for ten hours you’ve used 1,000 watt-hours, or one kilowatt-hour. So every hour, the bulb uses one-tenth of a kilowatt-hour.
Here’s where people often get confused. Remember there’s a difference between an amount of energy, in watt-hours, and a rate of energy use, in watts. If you turn the light out for one hour, you’ve saved 100 watt-hours. If you change the bulb from 100 watts to 60 watts, you’ve reduced the rate electricity is used – or the demand – by 40 watts. You can save a watt-hour. You can’t save a watt. A watt is a rate, so you can reduce demand by a watt, but you can’t save a watt.
How does all this relate to your utility bill? Take a look at the graph:
Imagine yourself at home in the middle of the night. You’re snug in your bed; the only things on in the house are the refrigerator and your nightlight. Your electric demand – that is, the rate at which you are using electricity – is low. Then your alarm goes off, you start turning on lights and turn up the thermostat. As the day goes on there’s cooking, a load in the washing machine, and, if it’s summertime, air conditioning. Then things start calming down until you’re ready to climb back into bed.
The solid line in the graph is electric demand, or the rate at which you use electricity, in kW. Your demand (in this example) peaks a little after noon. This can vary depending on season, weather, and whether you’re home during the day. Right now, most utilities don’t charge residential customers based on their peak demand, but that could be coming soon with the advent of smart metering.
The area under the curve shows electric consumption. That’s the amount of electricity you’ve used during the day, in kWh. That’s what shows up on your bill. Your utility adds up your usage, in kWh, and multiplies it by your electrical rate. If you live in the Southeast, you’re probably paying between nine and 12 cents per kilowatt-hour. Then they add on fixed service charges, taxes, and the rest of the fine print. Add all that up and you get your monthly electric bill.
If you want to save money on your electric bill, all you have to do is reduce the amount of electricity you use. Turn out lights, turn down your thermostat, weather strip and insulate, install efficient heating and air conditioning. These will all reduce your use of electricity and reduce your monthly bill.
In the future, you’ll have another way to save on your bill. When utilities begin to move towards charging for demand as well as consumption, you’ll be able to save money by lowering your peak demand. You can do your washing at night instead of during the day, for example. You’ll use the same amount of electricity, in kWh, but you’ll reduce your peak demand, in kW. That’s not an option now, but it will be soon when more utilities install meters that can keep track of demand. And when that day comes, you’ll know what it’s all about.
Sorry, the comment form is closed at this time. | <urn:uuid:09af84bd-4287-4ae1-9532-fb11c99d94d5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blog.cleanenergy.org/2013/03/19/whats-a-watt/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00448-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941622 | 1,868 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Matchmaking as a whole is already hard, so think looking somebody from inside the a nation where far of the populace scarcely discusses their sexual direction. Here, neighbors share what works to them.
Back when I instructed English inside The japanese, I just after contributed a discussion on coming out. Zero, it was not some sly effort to advertise the fresh homosexual plan-the subject was actually from the book! As i ran inside the space eliciting tales, every one off my seven fully-adult adult children acknowledge they’d never fulfilled an excellent queer individual. Ever! Of course, whatever they very suggested was that they had never ever found a person who is actually aside.
Inside Japan, it isn’t a crime as homosexual, but it’s not quite recognized often. From my experience, the general story approved by conventional area is that Lgbt+ people just do not exist. Hate criminal activities and you may public displays regarding discrimination is unusual, however, this may be given that queerness is actually barely flaunted and you will unlawful criminal activities often wade unreported.
Whether or not a critical part of the populace presumably drops on the LGBT+ spectrum, of many queer everyone is closeted, that renders meeting them problems. Antique ways trying to find a partner will most likely not work with people whoever name otherwise direction was a secret. I dabbled however, had nothing chance-due to the fact a sluggish bisexual, We primarily caught to matchmaking people. Together with, are an effective cis femme (an individual who came into this world women, makes reference to once the women, and you will dresses for example a beneficial stereotypical people), individuals always presumed I was upright in any event.
Receive a better consider Japan’s queer relationships world, We signed up the help of more capable expats who recognized as women. The result: insight into lives since a keen Lgbt+ located in The japanese. As the outsiders, expats concurrently features a less complicated day coming-out (overall, we aren’t held with the exact same requirements while the native Japanese) and a more difficult you to (we may perhaps not totally see regional norms and you can social signs).
LGBT+ and Japan’s community
Japan is already a comfort zone to have queers and that’s steadily boosting the position with the gay rights. Queerness is additionally starting to be more expression throughout the media-a terrace Family throw member made an appearance to your national tv, an excellent Japanese lesbian couples which moved the nation dispersed sense from the LGBT+ situations obtained globally coverage, and you may Buzzfeed The japanese now computers a good heartwarming and you will intimate brand new show choosing queer men.
“My personal mother-in-law… possess informed me repeatedly so you can ditch the girl child and you may wade come across an excellent child to ensure me personally [to]… make babies. She does not always mean wrong. It is merely an alternative training and impression on the lifetime,”
But really, around stays a sense one of of a lot that queer men and women are a keen “unproductive” burden to help you people. At least, the individuals was basically new scathing terms and conditions of politician Mio Sugita simply history season. There’s also a recently available question of an Osaka boy whom wasn’t permitted to sit in their exact same-gender lover’s cremation. These could seem like separated incidents, but discrimination works deep one of the older plus old-fashioned years which hold all the governmental power. According to globally investigation on Pew Lookup Heart, 61% regarding Japanese anybody over fifty believe homosexuality is actually improper.
Cultural norms and way of living create greet hard
Socorro, a great cis-people lesbian of Mexico Urban area, joined Japan’s Gay and lesbian+ world about twelve years back. “Relationship in The japanese should be problematic if you do not know the words and you will, above all, the fresh new community. Traditions, particularly for people located in the inaka (countryside), is extremely inserted and other people need esteem that.”
“Are from the norm, I believe as if in their eyes, I was maybe not fulfilling my responsibility given that a female,” she said. Although not, she discussed Japanese some body include sincere sufficient not to state might be found out loud.
“Getting out from the standard, I’m as if in their mind, I found myself perhaps not rewarding my personal responsibility as a lady,”
That isn’t usually the truth for all of us near to the girl. “My personal mother in law… has informed me several times to help you abandon the woman daughter and you can go select a good guy so as that me [to]… build infants. She doesn’t mean incorrect. It’s just a new knowledge and you can perception regarding lifestyle,” she told you.
Ciera W., a twenty five-year-dated Black American woman just who relates to as the cis lesbian/queer, are shocked from the reactions she got after relocating to The japanese. “In america, I am perceived as queer predicated on my personal looks. We have short-hair, ‘edgy’ outfits, piercings, and that i exclusively don sporting events bras. Some body only discover. When you look at the The japanese, I’m will expected easily possess a date or if I am hitched to one,” she told you.
Ignorance can be acquired, however always from inside the an adverse ways
Sadie Carter, an effective 28-year-old Sprinkle of Florida, which means since the a great lesbian trans-girl, said someone are ambivalent into the woman. “I really don’t envision there is certainly a similar level of violent homophobia otherwise transphobia there is inside, say, The usa, but queerness can be seen as an enthusiastic aberration or laugh.”
“Specifically than the my personal domestic country, gayness and you will queerness nevertheless be seemingly very overseas basics so you’re able to an abundance of Japanese some one, young otherwise old.” Predicated on the girl, anybody include very interested whenever she says their sexuality. “I have this feeling one to to numerous her or him, it’s still something thus not familiar, such as for instance something that they tune in to to your information or discover within the books but never really look for or consider much at all within their each and every day lifestyle.”
“When I would speak about so you’re able to Japanese nearest and dearest or coworkers that we features a wife and you will/or one I’m bisexual, several have said one thing along the lines of ‘Impress! It is my first time appointment somebody who may ldsplanet logowanie have Gay and lesbian,’” she told you.
Young some one tend to be more acknowledging
Sadie mentioned most people, specifically more youthful folk, arrive not to have difficulties with their term. “Every one of my personal Japanese family members was indeed very acknowledging away from me personally coming out, and more than of them already had Japanese Lgbt+ family members.”
An unknown twenty eight-year-old American woman surviving in Osaka, who is “generally homosexual but nonetheless taking care of they,” said, “My personal Japanese family relations exactly who discover I’m not upright was totally chill inside it. Recently a pal requested me, ‘Any kind of women or guys you will be likin’ at this time?’ which had been great.”
Picking out the Lgbt+ world
As with many towns in the world, lesbian and you will bisexual teams is going to be much harder locate compared to those for homosexual guys. Shinjuku Ni-chome and you will Doyamacho, Tokyo and you can Osaka’s homosexual areas respectively, cater so much more so you’re able to males than just females.
However, urban Japan, particularly Tokyo, do bring lady-friendly queer rooms. “Even although you aren’t trying to find far from a cam, I do believe the latest lesbian taverns from inside the Tokyo let a lot with one,” Socorro told you. | <urn:uuid:e5e2d997-69ee-4aa5-bf8f-07f9c4fa2f5c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.agrupacionmino.es/2022/06/18/females-to-your-lgbt-range-talk-about-the-downs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.963911 | 1,771 | 1.515625 | 2 |
I have some free time at the moment, and am going to start to learn Pali based on Bhikkhu Bodhi's lectures. Gair and Karunatillake's book seems essential, but I wonder about other resources. I have studied languages before so I don't feel I need to refresh my grammar (unless you feel it would be good?), so Collin's Pali grammar might be unnecessary. There are so many resources, so what is recommended? A dictionary, for example, would be useful, be there are several online. I hope to use this forum to help me along, may it be an enjoyable and fruitful journey.
"If beings knew, as I know, the results of giving & sharing, they would not eat without having given, nor would the stain of miserliness overcome their minds. Even if it were their last bite, their last mouthful, they would not eat without having shared." | <urn:uuid:8033051c-c865-4d6f-8f07-e8cd0e7dc942> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dhammawheel.com/viewtopic.php?f=23&t=21004 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00428-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984546 | 188 | 2.296875 | 2 |
THE STORY OF
HOUSE & GARDENS
At midday on 6th October 1990 John Tode stepped into a three-bedroomed, semi-detached, ex-council house in Essex and started a personal journey that grew into a twenty-five-year project: To take a the UK's most ordinary house and transform it into a wonderland of inspirational locations, each set in a different time and place.
The photographs, videos and information included on this website are the result.
The process was to deconstruct each room back to the brickwork and rebuild from scratch, so that upon completion not one square centimetre of the original house remains (that’s inside and out). Using only those tradesmen essential to compliance with building regulations (structural, electric and gas), the rest of the skills (from carpentry, bricklaying and garden landscaping to the more esoteric like basket weaving, gold leafing and treehouse construction) were learned by ordinary people.
It was quite a brave undertaking, but made more so because the person who started this quarter-century journey could not even wire a household plug. As John Trevillian, he grew a team and his skills – then after finishing, as John Tarrow wrote the novel exploring the deeper mythology and magic of his creation.
“I realised quite early on that the house I wanted to live in and the one I could afford were very far apart”
Using traditional techniques and authentic items sourced from around the globe, John and his team have created something from nothing, or perhaps more accurately, something incredible from nothing special. It is Talliston’s outward normality that is its magic; it is truly somewhere extraordinary within the ordinary.
By walking from room to room, you find yourself leaving the present, and entering the past (and even at one point entering the future). So you can step from a Moorish bedchamber into a 1920s study, from a New Orleans kitchen into a Victorian tower – all just by opening the house’s many doors and seeing what lies behind them.
Yet the essence of the house is more than how it looks. It is also how it sounds, smells, tastes and feels. Every location has a story woven into it, and while images of the house are astonishing, Talliston is not designed to be a place viewed in photographs. It is not enough to just see the house – instead you must experience it.
“I wanted a house that was beautiful and functional, and allowed me to go on adventures without ever leaving home”
Thematically the house illustrates that perhaps we should not strive for ‘one size fits all' societies. It’s not a case of being S, M or L, but that each garment should be fashioned bespoke, each house, room and collection of objects should be unique. In the current marketplace, where global brands erode the uniqueness of countries and cultures, Talliston strives to explore the power of environment and also to tell a coherent story simply through its architecture and objects.
One question that gets asked all the time is: “Why?” As if there is a reason to art. As if you can ask why did Leonardo da Vinci paint the Mona Lisa? But art does have a message, and if the project says anything it is that the secret to do extraordinary things lies within every ordinary person. If there is a single message, it is the one below. Talliston is a house just like any other house. Just like yours. At its heart it is a project about time – not about living in the past, but of taking the best of all that has come before and creating a better now. Of stopping clocks. And starting living.
For John, it was about creating his best and most magical places; an office that inspired novels, a kitchen for the perfect Sunday morning breakfast. For him, Talliston is not a house of fantasy, it is a house of reality. But of course, these thirteen rooms of dreams and nightmares are his magical places, so now it's time for you to make yours.
“Do not ask me why is Talliston like this.
Ask yourself instead, why isn't the whole world like Talliston?”
“One of the seven wonders of
the modern world”
“a mystical journey through
time and space”
“the most extraordinary
house in Britain”
1. TASK: To take an ordinary house (three-
bedroomed, semi-detached, ex-council house in Essex) and
transform it into an extraordinary labyrinth of locations from
different times and places, so that not a single square centimetre of the
original house remains, while:
- keeping the orientation and use of the original rooms
- only adding those elements that a typical council-bought house would
contain (conservatory, kitchen extension, garden shed, etc.)
- utilising only those tradesmen and craftspeople required by law or necessity,
with all other work accomplished by core team and volunteers.
2. TIME: Exactly twenty-five years, starting at midday on 6th October 1990
and finishing at midday on 6th October 2015.
3. COST: To do so without any outside funding over and above the time
and finances of ordinary people.
Ultimately to place the finished building into trust while also creating a
creative community, The Talliston Fellowship, a non-profit group
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CREATING A FRAMEWORK
A SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND TWELVE DESIGN
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR KREMS-EAST
INDEX Introduction 5 Film and booklet 6 Film and atmosphere 7 Outstanding universal values 10 The Wachau is a Gesamtkunstwerk
Krems-East is a cabinet of curiosities 12 Zoning: selection process 16 Functions bleeding over 18 Gesamtkunstwerk 22 The Donauuferbahn 23 Disposition of UNESCO 24 Expanding beyond spatial barriers 28 Arbeitskreis zum Schutz der Wachau
Lerchenfeldsiedlung 33 Infrastructure clashes with housing 34 Dealing with history 36 Missed chances and underdeveloped places 38 Twelve recommendations to develop Krems-East 42 L - Wachau 43 M - Krems-East 44 S - Lerchenfeldsiedlung 45 Conclusion 48 Notes 49 Acknowledgements 50
WACHAU VALLEY UNESCO protected heritage Project location
INTRODUCTION Krems is divided into two distinct parts. One part is historic and picturesque. It is the beginning of the of Wachau valley, UNESCO world heritage. The other part is a mixture of modern industry, commerce and housing, described as Krems-East. I was invited to Krems as an artist in residence by ORTE - Architekturnetzwerk Niederรถsterreich. During the residence I explored this strong division. How did these two distinct landscapes develop in such close vicinity? How do they relate? And can the qualities of the two landscapes be the start of a mutually beneficial relationship?
FILM AND BOOKLET The main way in which I explored Krems was through film. The exploration resulted in the short film “Painting a picture: on the fringe of world heritage”. The making of the film required a GIS-analysis, expert interviews, research into the history of the region and literature reviews. The research determined the shot selection, sequencing and narrative of the film. During the making of the film numerous design proposals were developing in the back of my head. This booklet repurposes the research done for the film to make a case for some of these proposals, like the reintroduction of an alluvial forest in Krems-East. The booklet makes explicit the processes and spatial forms of the region, and as such it stimulates a discourse of planological and architectural development.
SHORT FILM PAINTING A PICTURE 6
Although film and booklet relate, the booklet should not be read as an explanation of the film. The short film “Painting a picture” stimulates a different discourse than the booklet. The film conveys my embodied experience of the atmospheres of Krems-East and explores how this experience is shaped (in part) by the relationship between Krems-East and the Wachau. The film may reveal different aesthetic experiences to different viewers. The richness of film as a notational tool contributes to a discourse of the atmospheric qualities of Krems-East. Making the ‘meaning’ of the film too explicit will take away from this discourse. The film and the booklet should therefore be viewed as two separate products deriving from the same body of research (see diagram below).
BOOKLET DESIGN PROPOSAL
FILM AND ATMOSPHERE A central concept in both the booklet and the film is ‘atmosphere’. German philosopher Gernod Böhme describes atmosphere as the ‘character’ of a space, something perceived unconsciously and instantaneously. It is based on the coming together of our bodily sensory experience and our thoughts and memories. An atmosphere puts us in a mindset that influences all our conscious perceptions and interpretations of a space after this first perceptive moment1. The primary medium that was used to explore the east of Krems was film. Film, much like atmosphere, brings together the bodily sensory experience and thoughts and memories. It is therefore a useful tool for mediating atmospheres. On the one hand film creates an almost firsthand bodily presence for the viewer through a process called proprioception, a sort of second hand bodily experience. On the other hand film creates a narrative that can transplant memories and thoughts2.
By analyzing and describing the atmospheres of Krems-East, including all its newly developed fringe areas and exploring their relations to their surroundings I intend to play a role in the preservation of the more ephemeral qualities of Wachau and of Krems as a qualitative environment for living. Film is an empowering tool. It can be used as a foundation for discussion with almost everyone. Unlike more traditional architectural media such as plan drawings or sections, understanding film does not require previous knowledge or formal design education. One thing that becomes clear in this booklet is that Krems-East needs advocates to put its spatial issues on the map. I hope my film, as well as this booklet, can play a part in the process of emancipating Krems-East.
THE RIVERFRONT - STILL FROM ‘PAINTING A PICTURE’
OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUES To protect and preserve world heritage sites, UNESCO works with the concept of OUV’s (Outstanding Universal Values). These values are specific to each heritage site. The OUV’s are defined in the nomination document to become a UNESCO world heritage site by the local applicants. The UNESCO world heritage status is awarded based on the OUV’s and the UNESCO status can be taken away when the OUV’s are not maintained. On the UNESCO website the OUV’s of the Wachau cultural landscape are as follows: “Criterion (ii): The Wachau is an outstanding example of a riverine landscape bordered by mountains in which material evidence of its long historical evolution has survived to a remarkable degree. Criterion (iv): The architecture, the human settlements, and the agricultural use of the land in the Wachau vividly illustrate a basically medieval landscape which has evolved organically and harmoniously over time.”3
These values are imprecise, generic and leave the Wachau cultural landscape vulnerable to stasis.
Overly generic or imprecise OUV’s can be used to prohibit necessary new developments4. A good example of this is the Dorset and East Devon coast UNESCO site. Its OUV’s describe it as “defined by natural processes” and “little impacted by human development”5. The description was meant to indicate a lack of coastal settlements. However, the OUV’s were invoked by a local council to reject the fardeveloped construction plans for a wind-farm 10km off the coast of Devon. The wind-farm could have been a sustainable power source for the inhabitants of the region Precisely described OUV’s allow designers to make proposals for the integration of necessary new developments that respect and maintain the qualities of a site6. Of course, UNESCO heritage should not be open to unbridled development. But many of the approximately 30,000 inhabitants of Melk and Krems live in the Wachau. These inhabitants have modern needs that need to be met in order to keep the area livable. On the long term, a lack of development caused by imprecise OUV’s will be detrimental to the valley.
THE WACHAU IS A GESAMTKUNSTWERK An offhand sentence in the 1999 UNESCO nomination document perhaps describes the Wachau cultural landscape best. It describes the Wachau as “a big and lively Gesamtkunstwerk”7. The term Gesamtkunstwerk (translated best as ‘total work of art’) was used by the composer Richard Wagner to describe a work of art where different elements and art-forms are combined into a single ensemble.8 The use of this term in the UNESCO nomination document makes sense considering the valley’s history of Romanticism. In the early 1880’s Vienna’s Academy of Fine Arts took annual summer trips to the valley. Many of the students that joined later established the “Wachau Künstlerbund”, a community of Romantic painters that lived and worked in the Wachau. The group had popular exhibitions in Vienna. Since these exhibitions coincided with the construction of a train line between Vienna and the Wachau, many Viennese went on to visit the region. The Wachau would not be the touristic landscape it is today without its representation in Romantic painting9.
Romantic art focused on emotions, feelings, and moods. For the romantic painters it was not the architecture of a specific time period that made the Wachau valley special, but the mishmash of historic styles that give the valley the appearance of being ‘Historic’ without being placed in a distinct time period. Idiosyncratic elements of the valley, like the many castle ruins and abbeys, could be added in the background of a painting to strengthen an air of mystery, invoke nostalgia or create the ‘sublime’. This means that the qualities of the Wachau valley flow forth from the collective experience architectures and the landscape made by different people at different times. Many of the buildings and different landscapes are used and cultivated because of everyday processes that support the existence of the region. Viticulture, infrastructure and housing. The stasis caused by the generic OUV’s will over time not only affect the living qualities of the inhabitants. It also stops the processes that formed the ephemeral, aesthetic qualities that lead to the UNESCO status of the Wachau in the first place.
KREMS-EAST IS A CABINET OF CURIOSITIES Krems-East is a mirror image to the Wachau. It is an area characterized by a vast number of autonomous elements. Many of these elements create their own interesting aesthetic experiences. However, they do no lead to a pleasant overall atmosphere like the Wachau. For example, the crane in the harbour is a spectacular sight (see next page) people often stop to look as it unloads cargo from ships. However, the interaction of the crane with the nearby distribution centre and furniture shops makes Krems-East feel like a neglected, unwelcoming place oriented towards business and mobility. Krems-East can best be described as a cabinet of curiosities. The classic cabinet of curiosities emerged in the sixteenth century. These were cabinets or entire rooms in which rulers and aristocrats, members of the merchant class and early practitioners of science in Europe formed collections of objects that suited their interest. The objects were varied, belonging to natural history, ethnography, geology, archaeology, religious or historical relics and works of art.
Many collectors did not care too much about cohesion, or whether their objects were authentic or of actual scientific significance. What mattered most was the aesthetic experience of the different objects. However, the cabinets of curiosity were not completely random. The collectors usually had specific interests and would collect objects based on themes. This part of the metaphor can be extended to Krems- East. The cabinet of curiosities of KremsEast has a number of zones that collect thematically related objects: The riverfront, the harbour, the housing of the Lerchenfeldsiedlung and Landersdorf, the industrial production sector and areas of commerce and distribution. Images of each area are shown in a number of spreads throughout the booklet.
Housing Industry/Production Riverfront Commerce and distribution Harbour
THE CABINET OF CURIOSITIES OF KREMS-EAST
THE HARBOUR - STILL FROM ‘PAINTING A PICTURE’
ZONING: SELECTION PROCESS FOR THE CABINET OF CURIOSITIES The cabinet of curiosities of KremsEast is largely the result of the Krems zoning regulations. Many of the ‘shelves’ of the cabinet of curiosities coincide with the different planological zones. The riverfront is zoned as Grünland – Sportstätte. I presume mainly because of the bike route that runs along the Danube between Vienna and Melk. The housing area consists of a patchwork of different zones. The actual housing falls under Bauland Wohn- oder Mischnutzung, additional services that support a livable neighborhood like sport-fields, schools and shops are ensured through the zones: Bauland – Sondergebiet, Bauland - Handelseinrichtung Grünland – Gärtnerei, Grünland Kleingarten and Grünland – Sportstätte (some of these are too small to be visible in the map on the right).
Other ‘shelves’ in the cabinet of curiosities like the harbour, industry zone and commerce and infrastructure zone fall into the same zoning designation; Bauland Betriebsnutzung. Each of these ‘shelves’ stems from a different time. The harbour dates from the 1930’s, with many alterations made afterwards. The industry site developed slowly, with the Voestalpine factory being the first development in the 1940’s and the chemical factory from 2003 being the latest addition. Much of the commerce and infrastructure spaces have come into being very rapidly since the turn of the century. It shows that as a planological tool, the Bauland - Betriebsnutzung zone misses precision. The aesthetic experience and use of the zone is mostly determined by economic market processes shifting over time.
Bauland Wohn - oder Mischnutzung Bauland - Sondergebiet Bauland - Handelseinrichtung Bauland - Betriebsnutzung Grßnland - Sportstätte
FUNCTIONS BLEEDING OVER The imprecise zoning mechanism has led to a wide variety of functions in Krems-East. In itself this diversity is not a bad thing. It leads to new spatial forms and aesthetic experiences. However, without proper implementation the variety of functions leads to problematic spatial development and friction between different uses. Especially the area where housing and industrial functions meet have a lot of these frictions (see map).
It is hard to precisely summarize the friction between industry and housing, as these frictions take different forms depending on place and type of industry. In general they could be summarized as ‘bleeding over’. The sound of construction can be heard on neighborhood streets. Inhabitants share roads with reckless truckdrivers that often disregard speed limits (I’ll get back to this later on). Gardens are bordered by swathes of land used for storage of construction material, often unmaintained and messy.
Area within 100 m from border Border between industry and housing
FUNCTIONS BLEEDING OVER
COMMERCE AND DISTRIBUTION - STILL FROM ‘PAINTING A PICTURE’
GESAMTKUNSTWERK: EPHEMERAL UTOPIA TO TOTAL CONTROL Richard Wagner’s idea of Gesamtkunstwerk had strong social and utopian connotations10. In “The art work of the future” Wagner describes his ideal opera as a Gesamtkunstwerk. The opera would combine different forms of art and media like music, text, architecture, painting and dance to create one aesthetic experience. The opera would redefine the relationship between audience and performer, as one community that together created an aesthetic experience. Wagner thought the ideal opera should be free of charge to attract the best possible audience. Everyone rich or poor with an interest in the arts would be able to join. They would all work together to create the best possible result11. The Gesamtkunstwerk had to be ephemeral, achieved by creating the perfect setting together with everyone involved. After serving its purpose the whole setting could be broken down again. Wagner saw his ideal artwork as a fleeting aesthetic that had to be pursued collectively by audience and artists. Therefore it would be silly to preserve the structures that once made this moment possible12.
After Wagner, the concept of Gesamtkunstwerk went out of fashion until it got picked up almost a hundred years later by the Bauhaus movement. They turned Gesamtkunstwerk from a utopian Romantic concept into something more pragmatic and architectural. As an architectural concept, Gesamtkunstwerk meant creating the cohesive aesthetic experience of a building through the combination of different disciplines, e.g. architecture, landscape architecture, interior design, sounds and lighting design and the designation of function. Wagners notion of working with everyone involved was largely dismissed. For the Bauhaus movement, Gesamtkunstwerk meant the architect’s total control over all disciplines involved13. Ephemerality was dismissed as well, the vision of the architect had to be upheld. All the parts of the Gesamtkunstwerk were to be maintained and preserved indefinitely for the design to function as intended14.
THE DONAUUFERBAHN The construction of the Donauuferbahn railway through the Wachau in the early 1900’s illustrates the shift in understanding and use of the concept of Gesamtkunstwerk. The Donauuferbahn rail line connected Grein to Vienna, crossing all of the Wachau valley. At the time of construction, the valley was already a celebrated painterly landscape. The painters of the “Wachau Künstlerbund” realized that the railway would be good for the income of the region and (begrudgingly) agreed to help with its realization. Rudolf Pichler, artist, architect and historian, advised on the design of the railway in an attempt to preserve the painterly qualities of the region. I’d argue that the placement of some of the tunnels even strengthens the mysterious aesthetic of the valley. Other artists created paintings showing the Donauuferbahn through the Wachau, in an attempt to enthuse visitors to come and view the new technological marvel15. However, the Donauuferbahn was not universally viewed as a success.
Many painters complained over the huge inflow of visitors, the fact that historic buildings had been demolished during construction, the noise of the trains and the ugly new tunnels and viaducts (50 years later this infrastructure became a celebrated monument)16. The painterly qualities of the region were increasingly viewed as coveted elements that needed preservation and protection. In the years following the construction of the railway, there was an increase in laws and regulations meant to preserve and protect historic buildings, iconic views and riverine forests. A consequence of this was that new developments were shunned from the region. In 1900, the Donauuferbahn had been developed in collaboration with artists, engineers and locals in line with Wagner’s utopian ideas. In the 1930’s, the development of a new industrial harbour took an approach closer to the ideas of the Bauhaus. In order to maintain the region as it is, the harbour was constructed in Krems-East, away from the historic city and out of sight of the Wachau.
DISPOSITION OF UNESCO Officially, UNESCO is relatively toothless when it comes to protecting and preserving world heritage sites. The organization can place sites on a list of ‘endangered world heritage sites’ or retract the world heritage status altogether. UNESCO’s role, as they describe it on their website, is to advance heritage protection by “advancing cooperation in education, the sciences, culture, communication and information”17. Preserving heritage, then, is a tool towards “equitable and sustainable development.”18 However, there is a recurring pattern of undesired modern fringes developing on the border of many UNESCO heritage sites. This pattern is visible when comparing the UNESCO borders of Krems and Melk at the beginning and end of the Wachau. Both towns have a strong spatial divide, with a historic western side and an eastern side with modern commercial and industrial developments. Beyond the Wachau this pattern is visible in UNESCO sites ranging from the shantytown tourist market on the edge of the Borobudur temple compound in Indonesia to suburbs infringing on de Stelling van Amsterdam in the Netherlands.
Keller Easterling, architect, writer and professor at Yale University, uses the word ‘disposition’ to describe the undeclared intentions and unstated tendencies of an organization. She argues that these dispositions often reveal themselves in spatial forms19. All aforementioned examples show a disposition of the UNESCO heritage status. A disposition of relocating any development deemed aesthetically unfitting for the world heritage site to a fringe zone. The mechanism behind this disposition works as follows: The measures that protect the Wachau often have nothing to do with the valley specifically. Instead, protection derives from a stricter application of general monument protection laws and restrictions related to the preservation of biodiversity and sustainable water management20. Many of the laws and regulations are just as applicable to Krems-East, however, the lack of UNESCO status means they are applied with less scrutiny during the processing of application for new development. Hence many ventures with a low spatial quality will look for a location in Krems-East. In this way KremsEast has become an overflow for developments not deemed worthy of the Wachau.
It is not necessarily bad that some functions that would negatively impact the Wachau are integrated in Krems-East. However, the UNESCO overflow mechanism combined with the poorly functioning zoning principle result in the implementation of functions without regard for spatial quality or necessity. I doubt how much the functions on the map below contribute to the region, in terms of jobs, living quality or income.
Their presence in massive quantities even prevents KremsEast to be part of the solution of some of the issues named in the Wachau management plan; the upscaling of winemakers and local businesses. As these commercial functions take up space that could be used for the expansion of winemakers or local enterpreneurs21.
DIY/gardening shop Budget supermarket Car dealership/workshop
POTENTIALLY UNNECESSARY FUNCTIONS
As tool, Bauland betriebsnutzung is rather imprecise, many The differOn aa zoning larger scale the UNESCO overflow mechanism shows clearly. ent functions fall under this designation. This gives local government little Wachau hasthe almost no industrial zones. is theoflargest zoning control over developments in the area.Krems-East The construction anything allocation for Baulandfactory - Betriebsnutzung in the surroundings of the be valley. from a petrochemical to an XXL mattress store cannot legally prevented. Where it is very hard to allow new developments in the Wachau, it is equally hard to deny new developments in Krems-East. The UNESCO nomination document goes as far as to name these recent rapid developments and the upscaling of urban fringe areas like Krems-East as potentially detrimental to the qualities of the Wachau.
Wachau UNESCO world heritage site (inc. buffers) Krems-East Bauland - Betriebsnutzung
EXPANDING BEYOND SPATIAL BARRIERS The industrial zone of Krems seems to be expanding. Spatial barriers are usually more of a permanent preventative measure to unbridled growth than laws and regulations. Zoning often expands over time until it reaches spatial borders. In Krems-East these spatial borders take the shape of infrastructure and the waterways of the area.
However the area zoned as Bauland - Betriebsnutzung allows developments to cross the spatial borders. In the north these zoned areas are already largely filled up. In the east an XXXLutz depot is the first to actually cross the highway and there is more designated space for other companies to follow. It is concerning that an already large and uncontrolled spatial zone is allowed to grow without oversight.
Bauland - Betriebsnutzung beyond spatial barriers Bauland - Betriebsnutzung
ZONING BEYOND SPATIAL BARRIERS
HOUSING - STILL FROM ‘PAINTING A PICTURE’
ARBEITSKREIS ZUM SCHUTZ DER WACHAU Both the UNESCO-development plan and nomination document for the Wachau cultural landscape mention that the preservation of the Wachau is the result of inhabitants strongly caring about the heritage of their surroundings22. This paints the preservation movement in a more idealistic light than is perhaps true. The image of the Wachau has for the last 120 years served many different economic purposes. First artists used it to sell paintings by being part of the popular “Wachau Künstlerbund”. These paintings of the Wachau were later used to promote tourism by an early tourism lobby. Later the winemakers used Wachau traditions, reintroduced for tourists, to emphasize the quality of their wines23. This regional branding helped to distance the winemakers from the Burgenland wine scandal. In 1972 an organization called ‘Arbeitskreis zum Schutz der Wachau’ was founded to oppose the construction of a power-plant on the banks of the Danube. The powerplant would block many of the famous views of the Wachau. Under the pressure of the arbeitskreis, the plans for the power-plant were abandoned24.
The Arbeitskreis consisted mostly of landowners, winemakers and business owners from the tourism industry. Most had a direct stake in protecting the romantic image of the Wachau in order to retain their income. The preservation of the Wachau can not only be read as an idealistic endeavor of locals with a strong commitment to history. It should equally be seen as a vehicle for the lobbying of wealthy local groups to protect their interest. The Arbeitskreis continued to lobby against developments they deemed unfitting for the region. They pushed the bid to nominate the valley as UNESCO world heritage. After the successful nomination in 1999, the working group was re-named “Arbeitskreis Wachau”. The original members were joined by heritage experts and municipality officials to sustainably develop the region25. The strong influence of a small group of people on the development of the Wachau puts a limited amount of issues on the political agenda. In the last years the research budget for the preservation of vineyards was €3,000,000, the research budget for architectural monuments was only €100,00026. The Wachau would benefit from a more diverse discourse.
LERCHENFELDSIEDLUNG The meritocratic tone of the statements in the UNESCO documents on the inhabitants of the Wachau strongly caring about the heritage of their surroundings27 implies that less well-preserved places, like Krems-East, are the result of the inhabitants not caring about their surroundings. The sociologist and urbanist Richard Sennet strongly objects to meritocratic explanations of spatial differences. Instead he argues that these differences are often the result of difference in socioeconomic background, history and physical urban living condition28. The vicinity of housing and industry in Krems-East stem from the second world war. A Styrian steel factory was moved to the Krems harbour, a tactical repositioning. The harbour was safe and connected to the rest of Austria by both water and rail. The factory was vital for the war effort. The Styrian workers also moved to Krems to ensure proper operation. The Lerchenfeldsiedlung was built for their accommodation. The locals were suspicious of the Styrian migrants. As a result, the Lerchenfeldsiedlung was built outside of Krems as an enclave next to the factory29.
After the second world war many of the Styrian workers stayed and the steel factory kept operating (it does to this day). As permanent housing, the Lerchenfeldsiedlung has some downsides. The poor mobility that stems from the remote location and envelopment by industry goes hand in hand with little upward social mobility. The housing is of good quality, but homogeneous and relatively cheap. The Lerchenfeld therefore attracts mostly new migrants (this time from abroad). After spending many days filming in Krems-East it is clear to me that the inhabitants care about their environment. They do not have the means to invest in the preservation of their heritage or the connections to lobby against developments that they might find undesirable. They are up against the efforts of powerful UNESCO neighbors. Therefore, their impulse to improve their surroundings are on a small scale and not structural. They have little power to resist the UNESCO status disposition to locate all undesired functions to their backyard. Krems-East would benefit from being included in the discourse on the development of the Wachau.
CLASHES WITH HOUSING Unavoidable in Krems-East is the car infrastructure. The sound of trucks blazing past is omnipresent. The Landersdorfer Straße and (to a lesser extent) the Hofrat-ErbenStraße are used as shortcuts for the commerce and industry related traffic to reach the 37 highway. Both these streets cross the housing of Krems-East. Neither road is necessary for industrial traffic to reach the highway. Reducing the maximum speed to 30 km/h or banning trucks on these roads would massively increase the living standards of the area (especially along the Landersdorfer Straße) with little impact for the industry. It is exemplary for the power relations between Krems-East and the Wachau that the inhabitants of Krems-East cannot get these easy-fix problems on the agenda.
Other relatively easy-fixes that would improve the living quality of the neighborhood are more frequent public transport between the Lerchenfeld and the trainstation (currently only two buses an hour) and solving barriers for slow traffic caused by the high intensity roads. The UNESCO-development plan states that many young inhabitants move away because of lack of affordable housing. KremsEast has high-quality affordable houses. Improving the lived qualities of Krems-East might retain these young inhabitants for the region.
Housing area High intensity roads
TRAFFIC: BARRIERS AND INTENSITY
DEALING WITH HISTORY One of the differences between Krems-East and the Wachau was the role each played under the Nazi regime of Austria. Images of the Wachau were used as propaganda for the traditions and virtues of the Germanic race. Krems-East was used as a place to build factories in which prisoners of war, held in a nearby labor camp, were forced to work. It is possible that the Austrian unease to deal with the history of the Second world war30 has contributed to the neglect of Krems-East. The discourse on how to develop Krems-East would be more substantial if its origins were included. As I have pointed out previously, these origins have a big influence on the region today.
It is easier to move past the Nazi use of Wachau imagery than the concrete physical remnants of war crimes in Krems-East. However, ignoring these remnants detracts from the historic complexity of the region. Furthermore, many of these remnants have distinct architectural qualities with the potential to become a tourist destination. Especially a silo in the harbour that was later renovated by the popular artist Hundertwasser31. The lack of tourism and limited monumental status of much of the heritage, deprives the region of income. Income that could be used for improvements of the area that would benefit both tourists and locals like better bike infrastructure and public transport.
Sites that played a significant role in WWII
HERITAGE IN KREMS-EAST
MISSED CHANCES AND UNDERDEVELOPED PLACES Previously I was critical of the development of functions in the industrial zone and their contribution to Krems-East. Let’s take an equally critical look at the enterprises in the area that do contribute services, employment and income to Krems. Many of these functions, especially the harbour and industry, fence off their properties. This often leads to underused spaces, poorly maintained public spaces that are not accessible because of all the fencing. These spaces are often designated as green space.
The underused potential is sometimes baffling. Throughout Krems, the river Krems is a rewilded parkspace with bike- and walking paths. Until it hits KremsEast, where the riverside suddenly becomes inaccessible and cyclists have to cross two busy roads to continue on a bikepath on the margin of industrial estates. There are many traces of inhabitants making the best of these underdeveloped places, like elephant paths used by dogwalkers. Structural development of these places into public space would be a significant low-cost, high-reward project.
Unused space along the river Krems Designated green space in Krems-East
UNDERDEVELOPED GREEN SPACE
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION - STILL FROM ‘PAINTING A PICTURE’
TWELVE RECOMMENDATIONS TO DEVELOP KREMS-EAST On the previous pages I have outlined a number of spatial issues in Krems-East. Many of these issues are negative aspects of being a spillover area for the Wachau, a result of the disposition of UNESCO. KremsEast does not merely need design solutions to these spatial issues but tools that lead to a healthier relationship with the Wachau. Tools that allow the inhabitants of the Lerchenfeld to have some say over their neighborhood. Tools that lead to a more symbiotic relationship between Krems-East and the Wachau, as it has become abundantly clear that both areas would benefit from this.
What follows are twelve design recommendations, roughly organized by scale (L,M,S). The recommendations contain proposals for spatial interventions that lead to better living qualities in Krems-East and can be used as tools for the emancipation of the region. Together, these proposals form a cohesive spatial framework for a more symbiotic relationship with the Wachau. However, many suggestions can be implemented separately from the framework, even in small steps. This means that some of the easy fixes and low cost measures can be implemented first. Their success might even be a catalyst for further, more complex, developments.
L - WACHAU
FORMALIZE THE SPILLOVER
USE THE ZONES
CREATE A FRAMEWORK
The Wachau UNESCO (buffer) status should be extended to all parts that contribute to the functioning of the valley. This strengthens the discourse on the spatial development of the region.
The aesthetic zones determine what functions get a place in Krems-East. Each zone is developed to attract certain functions. Upscaled winemakers find a place in the commerce zone, and young families can find attractive housing in the Lerchenfeld.
Subsequently, Krems-East (and Melk-South) are formalized as spillover-buffers. Necessary functions that are unfitting to the Wachau can be placed here. The development of unnecessary functions in the buffer is prevented by their new UNESCO status.
This new UNESCO zoning mechanism should coincide with the development of a spatial framework that keeps the growth of the region in check. Physical borders that add to the planning mechanism.
M- KREMS-EAST SAVE THE TREES!
USE WHAT’S THERE
CREATE PUBLIC SPACE
SLOW TRAFFIC NETWORK
The spatial framework takes the shape of an alluvial forest. This allows the locals of Krems-East to invoke the many laws protecting this type of forest against developments that deteriorate their living qualities. This gives the neighborhood a stronger voice in the development of their region.
The forest should be developed as public space for the inhabitants of Krems-East. It has room for events and public functions, and space to just go for a walk.
Much of the framework can be developed relatively easily by making better use of the forested leftover spaces that are already there. These can be incrementally improved and extended.
A network of bike- and pedestrian paths is integrated in the forest structure. This network better connects the different parts of Krems-East, as well as Krems-East with the center.
An additional heritage trail connects to the many Wachau walking routes. This trail, showing the history of the region related to WWII, provides context to the Wachau and generates income for Krems-East.
The trees and relief of the alluvial forest functions as a barrier against the noise, visual and smell of the other zones. This improves the quality of life in the Lerchenfeld.
REDUCE SPEED LIMIT
To improve the quality of life in Krems-East, the speed limit of the housing zone is reduced to 30 km/h. This way it stops being an attractive shortcut for the industrial traffic. Planological measures could be designated to all zones to strengthen their functioning.
PHASE OUT DEVELOPMENTS Some current developments will need to be (re)moved. This can happen over time, they can first be enveloped by the framework and rezoned when a plot is sold.
CONCEPTUAL PLAN DRAWING OF THE TWELVE RECOMMENDATIONS 47
CONCLUSION Both sides of Krems suffer from a similar flaw in their development: imprecision. In the Wachau many processes that could potentially benefit the region are halted by planning regulations. In KremsEast the regulations are too lax, leading to too much development and development that does not benefit the region. The two areas are governed by different processes that do not interact much. It would be beneficial for both sides to actively work with the other. Krems-East would benefit from some of the planological scrutiny as applied in the Wachau. At the same time Krems-East has the flexibility to integrate some of the functions that do not fit the Romantic atmosphere of the Wachau, but are needed for the daily life in the region. Two themes recur throughout this booklet that should be considered more in both Krems-East and the Wachau: inclusivity and specificity.
Inclusivity: The decision making process of the development of Krems and the Wachau is influenced by a small group of locals. They should be commended for their contribution, but they do not bring all interests in the region to the table. A more diverse peer group would widen the focus and lead to more sustainable development of the region Specificity: Very few designers are involved in the development of the region. The first spatial development plan for the Wachau is currently in the making, 20 years after the UNESCO nomination. This work by the BĂźro fĂźr Baukulturerbe is a promising start, but is not intended as an all encompassing strategy. Much of the region is developed based on measures that are applied everywhere equally. Including (landscape) architects in the development of the region will lead to the consideration of the spatial effects of different measures on specific places. This would benefit both the Wachau and Krems-East.
NOTES 1 Böhme, G. 1993, ‘Atmosphere as the Fundamental Concept of a New Aesthetics’, in Thesis Eleven, Critical Theory and Historical Sociology, vol. 36, p.125
17 Unesco website, available online https://en.unesco.org Last visited 16-11-2020
2 For further reading, see Truniger, F. 2013 ‘Filmic mapping’ Jovis Verlag
19 Easterling, K. 2014 ‘Extrastatecraft’ Verso publishing
3 UNESCO 2020 ‘Wachau cultural landscape’ published online https://whc.unesco.org/en/ list/970/ Last visited 16-11-2020
20 Welterbegemeinden Wachau 2010 ‘Management plan Wachau world heritage’ https://www.weltkulturerbe-wachau.at/fileadmin/ Bibliothek/projects/_Projekte/WachauProjekte/ ManagementPlanWorldHeritageWachau_20170710. pdf Last visited 16-11-2020
4 This argument derives from a 2018 lecture by Prof.Dr. Pereira-Roders during a conference on heritage and sustainability in de Observant in Amersfoort 5 UNESCO 2020 ‘Dorset and East Devon coast’ published online https://whc.unesco.org/en/ list/1029/ Last visited 16-11-2020 6 For an example for precise OUV’s allowing development in UNESCO areas see the report on integrating renewable energy in de Stelling van Amsterdam, published online https://www.programmanieuwehollandsewaterlinie.nl/wp-content/ uploads/2019/03/190227_Rapport-SvA-en-NHW.pdf Last visited 20-11-2020 7 Bundesdenkmalamt 1999 ‘The world heritage Documentation for the nomination of Wachau cultural landscape’ https://whc.unesco. org/uploads/nominations/970.pdf Last visited 22-102020
21 Ibid. 22 Ibid. 23 Krug, W. 2020 ‘Wachau: Bilder aus dem Land der Romantik’ Verlag Bibliothek der Provinz 24
25 Welterbegemeinden Wachau 2010 ‘Management plan Wachau world heritage’ https://www.weltkulturerbe-wachau.at/fileadmin/ Bibliothek/projects/_Projekte/WachauProjekte/ ManagementPlanWorldHeritageWachau_20170710. pdf Last visited 16-11-2020 26 As noted by Prof. Dr. Cristian Abrihan, personal conversation
9 Krug, W. 2020 ‘Wachau: Bilder aus dem Land der Romantik’ Verlag Bibliothek der Provinz
27 Welterbegemeinden Wachau 2010 ‘Management plan Wachau world heritage’ https://www.weltkulturerbe-wachau.at/fileadmin/ Bibliothek/projects/_Projekte/WachauProjekte/ ManagementPlanWorldHeritageWachau_20170710. pdf Last visited 16-11-2020
10 Lajosi, K. 2010 ‘Wagner and the (Re) mediation of Art’ in FRAME 23.2, p.42-60
28 Sennet, R. 2018 ‘Building and Dwelling: Ethics for the City’ Penguin publishing
29 Hauenfells, T; Krasny E; Nussbaum, A. 2011 ‘Architekturlandschaft Niederösterreich Waldviertel’ SpringerWienNewYork
8 Lajosi, K. 2010 ‘Wagner and the (Re) mediation of Art’ in FRAME 23.2, p.42-60
12 Ibid. 13 Ibid. 14 Dustin Cosentino ‘Passage Interdit: Gesamtkunstwerk’ https://www.kinfolk.com/passage-interdit-gesamtkunstwerk/ Last visited 16-112020 15 Krug, W. 2020 ‘Wachau: Bilder aus dem Land der Romantik’ Verlag Bibliothek der Provinz 16
30 Wodak, R. 2016 ‘suppression of the Nazi past, coded language and discourse of silence’ in Seymour, D. and Camino, M. (eds.) ‘The Holocaust in the Twenty-First Century’ Routeledge 31 Hauenfells, T; Krasny E; Nussbaum, A. 2011 ‘Architekturlandschaft Niederösterreich Waldviertel’ SpringerWienNewYork
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Both the booklet “Creating a framework: a spatial analysis and twelve design recommendations for Krems-East” and the short film “Painting a picture: on the fringe of world heritage” could not have been made without many people lending their time and expertise to the project. I’d like to thank the following people for their contribution.
Ulrike Jägert was the calming presence during the more stressful parts of the project. Our conversations and her insights and feedback made the project into what it is now.
The historian specialized in the modern history of Krems, Dr. Robert Streibel, took the time to share many historic sources and personal anecdotes about the Lerchenfeldsiedlung. His suggestions led to the most interesting character of the short film: Gustav Steinschorn.
Finally, I’d like to thank the teams of AIR and ORTE. Especially Johan Nane Simonsen and Christina Nägele. Christina was a great sounding board throughout the production of the film and booklet. She provided very helpful feedback and kept me up to date with interesting art and architecture events in both Krems and Vienna. Johan was an accommodating host and made the stay in Krems very easy. He even ended up narrating the short film and the project is all the better for it.
The encouragements of curator and writer on site specific art and film Claudia Slanar and filmmaker Johann Lurf kept my own doubt in check. Johann’s tips on editing further improved the short film. Head of Büro für Baukulturerbe Prof. Dr. Cristian Abrihan explained his work on the preservation of the Wachau to me. His observations enriched the research in this booklet.
Hanna Husum, Jan Strootman and Wilma Strootman proofread parts of the work and gave constructive feedback.
For inquiries on the booklet and the short film firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:432c352b-6285-47e6-bc37-dbefefa8abe5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://issuu.com/cornestrootman/docs/creating_a_framework_corne_strootman | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.919238 | 9,871 | 2.671875 | 3 |
For many readers and listeners, William Morris invented the genre of fantasy fiction. His novel The Wood Beyond the World transports his hero, Walter the Golden, from the English village of Langton-on-Holm across the seas to a magical kingdom in a forest beyond the known world, ruled by the Mistress, an extraordinarly beautiful, complex, and sinister woman. There he meets the Maid, a woman captured, enslaved, and tortured by the Mistress, who has magical powers of her own. By the strength of their love and the wisdom of the Maid, she and Walter make their escape through the land of the People of the Bear to the kingdom of Starkwall, where a fate even more extraordinary awaits them.
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Sorry I couldn't finish it.
I am big fan of William Morris the artist, but as an author he is much too flowery in his language, for my taste. Not only was the story slow-moving and tedious, but the reader's voice made it even more irritating. I don't like leaving a book unfinished, but I couldn't force myself to keep listening, getting to halfway was a test of endurance.
A wonderful listening experience!
How did fantasy fiction begin? With this book! The author wrote it in old-fashioned style, which is part of the fun, though you may have to perk up your ears and really listen at first, until you get used to it.
Highly recommended for all fantasy fiction fans!
I reallly enjoyed the way the readers voice the characters. Pamela Bethune makes the evil queen one of those sweet-voiced, catty creatures you just love to hate. | <urn:uuid:4fbb1387-0972-447c-9755-7ba6b2d27f7d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://mobile.audible.com/pd/Classics/The-Wood-Beyond-the-World-Audiobook/B006K2GGOQ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00233-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96142 | 367 | 1.671875 | 2 |
THE 2014 growth projections by Finance and Economic Development minister, Patrick Chinamasa in his national budget were unsustainable and premised on shaky ground, economic analysts have said.
BY KUDZAI CHIMHANGWA
Chinamasa projected a growth rate of 6,1% next year driven by a strong recovery of agriculture and improved performance of the mining and construction sectors.
The projected growth tallies with the one in the economic blue-print, the Zimbabwe Agenda for Socio-Economic Transformation (Zim Asset).
Zanu PF sees Zim Asset as the driver of economic revival.
Godfrey Kanyenze, director of the Labour and Economic Development Research Institute of Zimbabwe (Ledriz) said the projected growth in mining was a mirage as prices of commodities, except nickel, were projected to fall next year.
“These growth projections are not in sync with the global commodity trends and do not logically derive from the current situation analysis,” Kanyenze told a meeting of editors on Friday.
Kanyenze said there was nothing in the budget to address the structural deformity in the country typified by rising imports at the expense of exports accelerating the de-industrialisation.
Chinamasa announced a raft of stringent measures for the mining sector which include a ban on exporting of raw platinum from 2014 onwards, a ban on the export of unrefined gold while Value Added Tax on the export of rough diamonds will be introduced at a date to be announced.
Speaking at a Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries (CZI) post budget meeting in the capital last week, Chamber of Mines of Zimbabwe president, Alex Mhembere said the mining sector would continue to look at sustainability of operations in light of increased costs to operators introduced in the budget.
“Metal prices are headed southwards, so we will need to look if margins will enable miners to stimulate production under current conditions,” he said, adding that beneficiation was indeed an imperative.
The ban on exporting chrome ore was upheld despite small chrome producers accumulating huge stockpiles of chrome ore as a result of limited absorptive capacity of local smelting companies and the slump in ferro-chrome prices on the international markets.
Government expects that in 2014, growth in exports will be hinged on the overall performance of the economy as they are forecasted to reach US$5 billion.
The mining sector already contributes more than 50% of this figure.
Chinamasa also proposed the introduction of an export tax on unbeneficiated platinum and diamond.
This, according to analysts, will increase tax revenue inflow but could also impact on output.
“. . . the implementation of the tax proposal has to be carefully considered as it may result in reduced production of the minerals, at a time when there is probably no sufficient capacity, skills and technology for the full value addition to the minerals in question,” ZB Financial Holdings said in an analysis of the budget.
BancABC economist, James Wade dismissed any possibilities of increases in interest rates or bank charges as competition for deposits had intensified, adding that the revoking of the memorandum of understanding between government and banks would lessen the burden on “fragile banks”.
Speaking on the sidelines, one participant remarked that there should not be any fragile banks in the first place operating in the sector.
In his Budget statement, Chinamasa issued a stern warning, that government would not hesitate to regulate bank charges and interest rates if banks failed to self-regulate.
With regard to issuance of Treasury Bills, Wade said the expected uptake by the financial sector would need to be gradual as market conditions dictated otherwise.
The domestic debt stock of US$754 million will be addressed through the issuance of five-year government paper to local financial institutions and other players who were owed by the Reserve Bank, and this will be done by March 31 2014.
The debt instruments to be issued will be in the form of government securities that will be accorded Tier 1 capital status.
“If there is anticipation that banks can absorb Treasury Bills, then that will have to be gradual as there is need for buffers to be in place,” he said.
Zimbabwe currently has a high loan to deposit ratio owing to the transitory nature of deposits.
Throughout most of 2013, deposits continued to be transitory in nature with demand deposits dominating at 52,7% of total deposits, followed by under 30-day deposits at 33%, while long-term deposits continued to lag at 15%.
The dominance of demand and short-term deposits means that banks cannot lend long-term capital, which the productive sectors of the economy desperately need.
“The lack of FDI is one of the issues really affecting our lives,” said Wade.
ZIMBABWE HAS NO FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
Independent figures show that on the one hand, Zambia has US$5,2 billion revenue emanating from various tax sources complemented by US$1,245 billion in foreign direct investment. On the other hand, Zimbabwe has US$4,1 billion revenue from tax sources but no foreign direct investment.
In terms of financing the agriculture sector, Chinamasa said production would be underpinned by farmers’ own resources, contract farming and bank funding arrangements.
“We will also need to inculcate in farmers a culture of loan repayment as a way to restore banking sector confidence to support future agriculture production programmes,” said Chinamasa.
Chinamasa said the old economy was dead and a new one was emerging in response to former Finance minister, Tendai Biti’s assertion that the economy was dead and a return of the Zimbabwean dollar was imminent.
ZB said the structure of the economy had undergone structural changes in the last decade.
It said the “economy has largely gone informal, and this is the new reality” but the budget did not provide ways of tapping into the new economy in order to “boost government revenue”.
It said the budget was silent on how best the new market economy would be financially sustainable in the long run.
Godfrey Kanyenze said the informal economy required promotion, protection and regulation. | <urn:uuid:e2ebb8a4-704b-439e-b8bc-f85d3ac24b60> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thestandard.co.zw/2013/12/22/budget-unsustainable-shaky-analysts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00346-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956283 | 1,285 | 1.53125 | 2 |
A total of 10 720 people were granted Bulgarian citizenship in 2015, close to double the number in 2014, according to the presidential administration’s commission on citizenship’s annual report.
The largest number was from Macedonia, 4315, a sharp increase from the 1874 who were granted Bulgarian citizenship in 2014.
Apart from Macedonians, the rest in the top 10 were from Ukraine (1456), Moldova (1453), Serbia (580), Russia (551), Israel (395), Albania (331), Turkey (281), Vietnam (73) and Lebanon (45).
These were followed by Syria (42), Iraq (42), Romania (32), Stateless (35), Afghanistan (18), Belarus (15), Kazakhstan (14), Uzbekistan (10), Kosovo (seven), the United States (six), Jordan (five), Algeria, Greece, Italy, Iran and Cyprus (four each).
Bulgarian citizenship was granted to three people each from Bangladesh, Georgia, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia and Montenegro.
In the case of two people each, it was granted to people from Argentina, Ghana, Brazil, Egypt, China, Pakistan, Sudan, the Czech Republic and South Africa.
In one case each were people from Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the United Kingdom, Guinea, the Dominican Republic, Indonesia, Yemen, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Cuba, Madagascar, Morocco, Nigeria, Poland, Tajikistan, the Philippines, France and Chile.
According to the presidential administration’s report, most of those who were granted Bulgarian citizenship got it on the grounds of being of Bulgarian ancestry, 5682 people.
People who got Bulgarian citizenship on the basis that one of their parents was a Bulgarian or they had been adopted in the country added up to 3627.
Five people were given citizenship on the basis of a legal provision that allows it to be granted for “special contributions to the development of Bulgarian sport”: in the case of 2015, volleyball, tennis, horseback riding, gymnastics and football.
Two people were given Bulgarian citizenship for “special contributions in the field of the Bulgarian economy and high-tech manufacturing”. This was a drop from the nine in 2014 and 17 in 2013.
A total of 866 regained Bulgarian citizenship and 538 through naturalisation. This latter granting of citizenship requires five years of residence, the ability to speak Bulgarian, to have been married to a Bulgarian for at least three years or to have had refugee status for at least three years.
The report said that 377 people had renounced their Bulgarian citizenship. In the most cases, 157, because they had become citizens of the Netherlands, while the top five also included Austria, Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Germany.
The presidential administration had turned down 670 people, including 20 people who were denied Bulgarian citizenship for reasons of national security, or because they were under investigation or were subject to an arrest warrant.
(Photo: Clive Leviev-Sawyer) | <urn:uuid:bb8f16d2-6e02-41c5-986c-89203370fb64> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sofiaglobe.com/2016/02/15/bulgarian-citizenship-granted-to-10-720-people-in-2015/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.971479 | 614 | 2.015625 | 2 |
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By Tola Owoyele
On July 5, gunmen in large numbers attacked the Kuje Correctional Centre in Abuja, freeing more than 600 inmates. During the invasion, six inmates and one prison official was killed.
The gunmen shot sporadically, detonated eight bombs and forced the prison guards to run for safety.
They also took their time to deliver a Quranic lecture and subsequently shared transport fares to their freed members. The Islamic State in West Africa Province (ISWAP) would later claim responsibility for the attack.
While reacting to the jailbreak that lasted for close to two hours, president Muhammadu Buhari expressed his sadness and berated the country’s overall intelligence system.
This is however not the first time a deadly jailbreak has taken place under his administration. Below are records of similar attacks.
KOTON/KARFE, NSUKA ATTACKS
On July 29, 2016, 13 inmates escaped during a jailbreak at the Koton/Karfe Correctional Centre in Kogi State.
The prisoners forcefully took down a section of the prison wall before escaping from the premises, and security agencies were only able to rearrest one of the inmates after the incident.
A few weeks after the Koton Karfe attack, attackers struck again, and at least 15 inmates broke out of their cells and scaled the perimeter fence at the Nsukka Correctional Centre in Enugu State. It was on August 9, 2016. Only two inmates were rearrested by security operatives after the incident.
IKOT EKPENE, MINNA ATTACKS
On December 27, 2017, 36 inmates escaped during a deadly jailbreak at the Ikot Ekpene Correctional Facility in Akwa Ibom State.
The prisoners were said to have wrestled an axe from a kitchen staff and used it in fighting prison officials.
In the end, 36 inmates escaped from the facility. While four died during the incident, seven inmates were recaptured by law enforcement agencies.
Similarly, armed men attacked the Medium Security Correctional Facility in Tunga, Minna, Niger State, on June 3, 2018. During the prison break, over 200 inmates were freed.
In the end, only 28 prisoners were recaptured by security operatives.
BENIN, OKITIPUPA ATTACKS
During the October 2020 #EndSARS protest, hoodlums numbering over 100 in Benin, the Edo State capital, launched coordinated attacks on the Benin and Oko prisons in the city, broke cells open and freed several inmates.
Before launching the attack, the hoodlums had gathered as early as 7 am in the morning, setting bonfires and blocking road users. During the jailbreak, 1,993 prisoners escaped from both prisons.
A few hours later, one of the inmates who had escaped from Oko prison went to his village to kill a witness who had testified against him in court.
Two weeks after the incident, only a total of 207 either turned themselves in or were rearrested.
On October 22, 2020, another set of hoodlums attacked the National Correctional Service Facility in Okitipupa, Ondo State, pulling down the walls of the prison and setting 58 prisoners free.
The hoodlums also set the police area command in the local government area headquarters on fire, burnt many cars and injured many officials. They were also said to have carted many police rifles away during the attack.
On the same day, assailants attempted to break into the Ikoyi Correctional Centre in Lagos but were repelled by a combined team of correctional officers and soldiers.
OWERRI, KABBA ATTACKS
Gunmen attacked the Owerri Custodial Centre in Imo State with explosives and dynamites on April 5, 2021, freeing 1,884 inmates. In the attack described as one of the worst in the country’s history, the operation lasted from 1 am to 3 am.
The prison authorities revealed that 600 inmates either returned to the facility or were rearrested after the attack.
Also, on September 12, 2021, unknown assailants stormed the Medium Security Custodial Centre in Kabba, Kogi State, engaging the armed guards in a fierce gun battle.
Due to the armed men’s superior firepower, more than 240 inmates were released, and two prison officials killed. After the incident, security agencies said they rearrested 114 prisoners.
OYO, PLATEAU ATTACKS
On October 22, 2021, unknown assailants attacked the Abologo Custodial Centre in Oyo State, freeing 837 prisoners in the process.
When a manhunt was launched to re-arrest the fleeing inmates, security officials were only able to recapture 252 prisoners.
After four inmates escaped from its premises in July 2021, the Medium Security Custodial Centre, Jos, Plateau State, suffered another attack on November 28, 2021, when armed men attacked the prison and released 262 inmates. During the deadly attack, 10 inmates and one security official were killed. | <urn:uuid:54445250-e579-417e-954e-535c66917e6e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://heynaija.com/10-brutal-jailbreaks-on-president-buharis-watch/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.973627 | 1,049 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Also called the Asian arowana, the Asian bonytongue is a freshwater fish found in the rivers of Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Myanmar. It is also called the dragon fish and is considered a lucky fish by natives because of its resemblance to the Chinese mythical dragon. Bonytongues get their name from the toothed bone (tongue) on the floor of the mouth that is equipped with teeth that bite against the upper teeth at the roof of the mouth. Adults have a stocky build and long bodies, growing up to 35 inches in length, and large, elongate pectoral, dorsal, and anal fins. It comes in many different colors, green being the most common. Others are silver, red, golden, and even blue in color. The mouth is wide and faces downward, opening like a drawbridge, and it is filled with many small teeth. The lower jaw has two barbells at the tip. The scales are large, and in some varieties they are metallic in color.
This species can only thrive in fresh water and is found in still streams and creeks. They are also bred on fishing farms and are popular as aquarium fish, requiring an enormous tank with at least 55 gallons of water. They are excellent jumpers and require a tight fitting cover if kept in aquariums. They are territorial and carnivorous, feeding on other fish, frogs, shrimps, worms, and insects. Asian bonytongues are "mouthbrooders;" The male fertilizes the eggs and he then cares for them by holding them in his mouth until they hatch and are able to swim freely. For this reason, the mouths of males are larger than females making it easy to determine the gender of individuals.
The main threat to the species is loss of habitat due to human disturbance. Also, some are captured illegally for the pet trade. This species is protected by law in its entire range, and only captive-bred Asian bonytongues can be sold or traded legally.
To Cite This Page:
Glenn, C. R. 2006. "Earth's Endangered Creatures - Asian Bonytongue Facts" (Online).
Accessed 8/17/2022 at http://earthsendangered.com/profile.asp?sp=41&ID=3.
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10 Unusually White Creatures You'll Probably Never See in Real Life
Creatures with albinism and leucism are beautiful and rare animals. They have all the characteristics of others of their species except they are white in color. The lack of melanin generally results in the animal looking bleached all over, appearing white or pink. It happens in many animals ranging from squirrels to whitetail deer. Here are ten incredible and rare, white-colored creatures that you'll probably never see in real life. | <urn:uuid:5268a53a-c690-4148-aadd-afca0e9d3814> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.earthsendangered.com/profile.asp?view=c&ID=3&sp=41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.954729 | 604 | 2.875 | 3 |
As an example, studies have discover relations ranging from some of these PI parameters and academic involvement/engagement (age.g., time used on research and you will focusing in the class), ethnicity, competition, family unit members design, family functions (particularly parents' degree), maternal a job reputation, socioeconomic standing, and gender [9–11, 13, twenty-seven, 37–40]. Thus, we are able to evaluate this type of as probably moderating or mediating variables inside reference to beginner completion. Like, in an excellent longitudinal investigation presented because of the Dearing et al. connected with 167 children, the result out of PI for the kid's educational completion (i.age., reading) try moderated of the maternal studies. We currently talk about more complicated analyses of one's PI create.
4.8. Large-Measure Analyses of your own PI Build
In this area, i establish six high-size training which were used in the field of PI and informative end: (1) Fan and you can Chen , (2) Jeynes , (3) Desimone , (4) Keith ainsi que al. , (5) Chen , and you may (6) Sui-Chu and you may Willms . Each one of these studies talks about exactly how a collection of hidden parameters could possibly get light the partnership ranging from complete PI and you can pupil informative achievement.
The first analysis are an effective meta-data presented of the Fan and you can Chen . New take to contains 133,577 students in twenty five different studies, producing ninety-five correlation coefficients. The process it made use of were to estimate average correlations anywhere between PI (total make along with specific dimensions) and you can educational achievement. PI dimensions included educational fantasies/criterion for kids, communications having students on the school-related things, adult supervision and you can family framework pertaining to college or university issues, parental involvement at school things, or any other/standard PI products.
While every and each of your own PI variables shown contained in this section enjoys found some link to students' academic conclusion, it can be obvious off current browse the consequences try cutting-edge
The end result off their research regarding the relationship from full PI so you're able to academic achievement are . According to Cohen's guidelines towards magnitude away from relationship since the an enthusiastic effect-proportions scale, a correlation out of .twenty five are an excellent “medium” effect proportions. The largest relationship try between parents' ambitions and you will standards to possess child's informative end (mediocre about .40), and the tiniest correlation inside it brand new variable parents' oversight of your own man home (elizabeth.g., regulations for viewing television and you can undertaking school work), that have the average .
In the meta-investigation, Jeynes included 52 training you to inside over three hundred,100 people. Jeynes aligned to determine the dictate regarding PI for the informative aftereffects of metropolitan secondary school students. For this research, PI is defined as adult participation throughout the educational processes and you will knowledge of its children. The particular PI variables integrated adult expectations, parent-man correspondence in the university items, mothers checking homework prior to submitting, and you can parental style (we.elizabeth., of good use and you may supportive parental approach).
Overall performance indicated that the general PI adjustable yielded statistically high consequences off .fifty to .55 from an elementary deviation unit. The brand new Hedges'
way of measuring effect proportions is stated. For instance the results on the Lover and you will Chen meta-data, which list revealed that to possess total instructional conclusion, the effect dimensions to have parental standards is the most significant one of the of additional factors (Hedges's , hence represents a large perception dimensions). The remainder parameters (we.age., parent-guy interaction, parents checking research, and parental style) presented medium impact models (Hedges' , .38, and you may .40, resp.).
Desimone used a great regression research datingranking.net/tr/dating4disabled-inceleme exploring a dozen PI details on one conclusion changeable (ratings into a standardized shot off mathematics) for a massive attempt (
for this regression are .31, and that corresponds to an -value of .54 having complete PI since sensed by set of individual parameters. Which falls for the Cohen's set of higher impression sizes.
This new regression consequence of a similar twelve details toward two other conclusion variables-results towards a standardized decide to try away from understanding, and normally thinking-said grades from inside the English, mathematics, research, and you will societal studies-was indeed similar to those individuals reported to possess math. This type of most other regressions exhibited viewpoints off .twenty-six and you may .twenty-two, respectively. | <urn:uuid:67b7b344-36c5-44ec-a9ce-ff25b0c3434a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://researcher.macam.ac.il/furthermore-our-very-own-second-highest-level/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.919102 | 996 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Background The domestic pig is recognized as an excellent magic size
May 28, 2017
Background The domestic pig is recognized as an excellent magic size for human being immunology and both species share many pathogens. the sort and cathelicidin 1 Interferon families. We discovered gene duplications for 18 genes, including 13 immune system response genes and five nonimmune response genes found out in the annotation procedure. Manual annotation offered proof for many fresh alternative splice variations and 8 gene duplications. More than 1,100 transcripts without porcine series proof were recognized using cross-species annotation. We used an operating method of discover and annotate porcine immune system response genes accurately. A co-expression clustering evaluation of transcriptomic data from chosen experimental attacks or immune system stimulations of bloodstream, macrophages or lymph nodes determined a big cluster of genes that exhibited a correlated positive response upon disease across multiple pathogens or immune system stimuli. Oddly enough, this gene cluster (cluster 4) can be enriched for known general human being immune system response genes, however consists of many un-annotated porcine genes. A phylogenetic evaluation from the encoded proteins of cluster 4 genes demonstrated that 15% exhibited an accelerated advancement when compared with 4.1% over the whole genome. Conclusions This intensive annotation dramatically stretches the genome-based understanding of the molecular genetics and framework of a significant part of the porcine immunome. Our complementary practical strategy using co-expression during immune system response has offered new putative immune system response annotation for over 500 porcine genes. Our phylogenetic evaluation of this primary immunome cluster confirms fast evolutionary change with this group of genes, which, as in additional varieties, such genes are essential the different parts of the pigs version to pathogen problem over evolutionary period. These extensive and integrated analyses raise the value from the porcine genome series and provide essential equipment for global analyses and AG-014699 data-mining from the porcine immune system response. course II substances . Pigs can possess high amounts of organic killer cells cells and , harbor a unique variety of antibody and B-cell repertoire advancement , and also have heritable variant in immune cell guidelines [23-25] highly. In pigs as in lots of other species, the many and research on host-pathogen relationships [26-34] and immunity excitement [35,36], are actually predicated on functional genomics techniques such as for example transcriptomic techniques often. With such fast build up of high-dimensional data on immune system response, network versions have become important in the interpretation of such experimental data [38-43] increasingly. Correlation networks predicated on immune system response data not merely permit the recognition of common regulatory systems through integration with promoter/flanking sequences, but provide proof that un-annotated genes get excited about immune system response pathways [28,34,39]. Therefore a significant facet of gene annotation may be the integration of structural evaluation of RNAs and genomes with practical data on transcriptional response to pathogens and immune system stimuli. The goal of the Defense Response Annotation Group (IRAG) was to Rabbit Polyclonal to MYT1. explore the porcine immunome by exploiting the lately available genome series set up . A gene list for complete manual gene annotation using Otterlace [45,46] was put together using Gene Ontology (Move) annotation and books sources. Analyses mixed structural, functional and evolutionary approaches. We record a sophisticated gene framework annotation on higher than 1,000 genes involved with immunity; data on positive selection pressure of the subset from the proteins expected to become encoded by these genes; and a relationship network evaluation of transcriptomic data from different disease and immunological versions. These three degrees of data donate to an improved characterization from the pig immunome and offer a comparative genomic appraisal across mammals. Outcomes and discussion Intensive manual annotation from the genomic go with of porcine immune system response genes The Defense Response Annotation Group (IRAG) people utilized Otterlace [45,46] AG-014699 to annotate over 1 by hand,400 loci in porcine build 9 chosen predicated on their regular membership in immune AG-014699 system response procedures or Gene Ontology immune system response annotation. The Move term utilized as an inclusion. | <urn:uuid:746c0690-5fce-4b7e-b860-e869fa83d9bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://sprentland.com/tag/rabbit-polyclonal-to-myt1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.908562 | 893 | 2.421875 | 2 |
When it comes to electronic music production, there are a bunch of ways tracks can be made. There's the "arranging digital samples" approach, where producers layer pre-recorded sounds or loops to compose a piece. There's the "analog to digital" approach, where a producer will play analog synthesizers or program drum machines and feed them into a digital audio work station like Ableton. And there's what I'll call the "organic to digital" approach, where producers record more conventional instruments and then process the results in a computer. Most producers employ some combination of these techniques. One who uses all of them in really interesting ways is the 27-year-old producer Brian Allen Simon, or Anenon.
Inner Hue, Anenon's full-length debut, out next week, maintains a sort of astral narrative for just over half an hour. Created mostly on a Rhodes keyboard, Roland 909 and a tenor saxophone (as detailed in this wonderfully geeked-out interview on XLR8R) and then arranged on a computer, Inner Hue is two parts dream to one part beat. Sometimes Simon's Roland 909 drum machine runs under glistening bell-like timbres, sometimes under what sounds like effervescent clouds. Oftentimes beats give way completely to expose ambient voices or his tenor saxophone. The title track, "Inner Hue," has a shuffled rhythm backing echoing guitar plucks, and steady Rhodes atmospherics.
Here's what Simon had to say about making the piece.
"Early mornings and late nights spent toiling over timbre and feel, weeks and months to perfect. My entire body going deeper and deeper into the sound of the Rhodes (which makes up the entirety of the harmonic and melodic material of this track) with each stare into the computer screen."
When I read this email, I thought of a conversation that I've been hearing for as long as I've followed electronic music, the one where people question or laud a producer's methods as a way of undermining or celebrating their product. Recently, Spin.com writer Philip Sherburne addressed this issue in a piece about the revelation that Steve Angello's 2010 smash hit, "Knas," was the product of a pre-recorded sample. Some listeners felt cheated.
I must confess, I dig that song. When "Knas" blasted through the speakers at Electric Zoo in 2010, I raised my hands, stood on my toes waiting for the drop, then jumped up and down madly when that infamous sample kicked in.
"Knas" resonates with me in certain times and places in ways that Anenon's music never will. But when I'm sitting home alone in my small apartment in Washington, D.C., and have time to unpack the nuances in Simon's reverb, the patterns he tapped out on his Roland 909 drum kit or the lilting melodies he found in that Rhodes, this is the kind of music I prefer. When I hear Inner Hue, it's clear that this is not a work that's been patched together from sample kits; I can hear that its been meticulously fine-tuned, and that it's something very personal to its creator.
There's no right way to make a song, but in the case of Anenon, you can certainly hear that its been done right. | <urn:uuid:09e64591-e7fd-4bfd-a86f-af4930bee454> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://krvs.org/post/drop-electronic-music-nuance-and-saxophone | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00196-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957422 | 691 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Texas DUI laws state that you will be charged with drunk driving if your Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) is 0.08% and above.
Here are the fines and penalties you will face if you are arrested for drunk driving:
Texas DUI laws state that if you are arrested for drunk driving, you will have your driver's license suspended. This suspension process is known as Administrative License Revocation (ALR).
The ALR process is completely separate from the criminal charges you will be facing in the legal courts. The ALR process is an administrative process set forth by the Texas Department of Public Safety. What this basically means is that your driver's license can be taken away before you get a DUI conviction.
The ALR process usually begins when an officer pulls you over for suspicion of drunk driving or at DUI checkpoints. The officer will ask you to step out of the vehicle and give you a DUI sobriety test.
If you fail the sobriety test, the officers will take you down to the precinct to give you a chemical test. This chemical test involves you giving the officers a blood, breath, or urine sample.
Your driver's license will automatically be suspended if:
If either of the above two points are true for you, the officer will confiscate your driver's license and give you a temporary driver's permit. The point of this temporary driver's permit is so that you can schedule your hearing and attend your legal proceedings. The permit lasts for 41 days starting from the day of you DUI arrest.
If you think that you were wrongly arrested for a DUI, You can challenge the Texas DUI laws to have your driver's license reinstated.
The ALR suspension will stand unless you schedule a hearing with the Department of Public Safety (DPS) within 15 days of your DUI arrest. At this hearing, the burden of proof will be on the DPS. In order for your suspension to be reversed the department will have to consider the following questions:
If the department answers "Yes" to any of these questions, your driver's license will most likely remain suspended. | <urn:uuid:27ed9b72-a7ff-413c-847c-9ce33f4ba83e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.after-car-accidents.com/texas-dui-laws.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00133-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952057 | 425 | 1.804688 | 2 |
REquirements, Aspects and Software Quality: the REASQ model
By: Isi Castillo, Francisca Losavio, Alfredo Matteo, Jørgen Bøegh
Object-oriented analysis and design have been more concerned with system functionality, neglecting non functional aspects; the result is code entanglement, difficult to maintain, contradicting main principles of object orientation. Aspect Oriented Software Development (AOSD) proposes the early specification of non functional requirements. However, a standard and homogenous vision of the AOSD terminology is still missing. The goal of this work is to integrate AOSD concepts, classic requirements engineering notions, and the new standard ISO/IEC 25030 on software quality requirements.The main result of this study is the REASQ (REquirements, Aspects and Software Quality) conceptual model, expressed in UML. All the modeling concepts are formalized into three related ontologies, representing the ambits of aspect-orientation, software quality and requirements engineering. The ontologies can be used as an umbrella to specify quality requirements in aspect-oriented engineering processes.
Aspects, Concerns, Software quality, Requirements engineering, ISO/IEC 25030, ISO/IEC 25010, Ontology.
Isi Castillo, Francisca Losavio, Alfredo Matteo, Jørgen Bøegh, “REquirements, Aspects and Software Quality: the REASQ model”, Journal of Object Technology, Volume 9, no. 4 (July 2010), pp. 69-91, doi:10.5381/jot.2010.9.4.a4. | <urn:uuid:0b510f2e-de07-47ff-8a0c-371a1838d2ed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jot.fm/contents/issue_2010_07/article4.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00209-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.824775 | 351 | 1.617188 | 2 |
There is much debate about the measurements used to determine a firm's ecological impacts.
Some organizations focus on the measurement of their carbon footprint and how to offset it.For example, a manager who needs to fly three employees from Canada to New Zealand for a business trip could minimize their environmental impact by buying carbon offsetting.
By simply visiting a carbon offset website and indicating the number of people travelling, including their destination and travel mode, the managers would receive the trip's associated CO2 discharge and its corresponding cost. They could then choose whether or not to pay the company to offset their employees' carbon footprint.
However, a quick survey of three of the many carbon offsetting websites reveals three very different CO2 discharge totals and costs (e.g., 4 tons of CO2 with a US$56 USD fee, 9.9 tonnes and a 177 GBP fee and 21.2 tons with a US$538 USD fee).
Why are these estimates so different? What important questions were omitted from the calculations, enabling such discrepancies? And why should companies consider the carbon footprint over the ecological footprint, the life cycle assessment, the eco-cost/value model or the ecosystem service value? The simple answer to all these questions is that there are no worldwide standards for measuring a firm's ecological impacts.
The underlying goal of each method is similar: to educate people about carrying capacity and over-consumption, with the aim of altering behaviour. However, differences between the methods abound, including how they account for fossil fuels, biodiversity, exports, imports, nuclear power, and sea areas.
The Network for Business Sustainability is funding a project to systematically review the academic literature on firms' ecological impacts, with the goal of identifying meaningful, consistent measures with which firms can determine their true ecological impacts. To the extent that the information is available, an effort will also be made to describe the different ways firm value those impacts.
The NBS team sat down with ecological economist Pamela Kaval, PhD, who is lead author of the 'Measuring Ecological Impacts' systematic review.
NBS: First - what is an 'ecological economist'?
Kaval: An ecological economist is someone who, for example, would determine the value of a piece of land an organization is planning to deforest and pave. The ecological economist would calculate the value of the ecosystem services that would cease to exist, such as the amount of oxygen the trees on the land are capable of producing, as well as the carbon dioxide they're capable of removing from the air. He or she would also assess the significance of the land's watershed and the role it plays in preventing flooding and supporting animal and plant species in the area. There are numerous assessments an ecological economist can make on a given ecosystem. Once this is complete, then he or she would compare their results to the economic value associated with paving the land.
NBS: So, how does an ecological economist put a price on a lake? Or a tree? Or a species of bird?
Kaval: There are several ways this can be done. One way is to ask people what they'd be willing to pay for it. For example, you could conduct a survey of people who visit a particular park to determine whether they visit the area because of its flora and fauna. You could then ask them if they would be willing to pay a US$5 entrance fee if it went towards the protection of a specific species that lived there, such as a wood stork or brown bear. But people who don't visit the land might also have a value for these endangered species; this could be considered an existence value, as they value the species just because it exists. So it also would be important to survey non-users.
NBS: You're clearly capable of assessing ecological impacts and comparing them against economic value. What has been your experience so far with the Network's systematic review process?
Kaval: Well, I've done a lot of literature reviews and meta-analyses of research before, but this project is different because of the extensive involvement with the business leaders. I really enjoy getting feedback with the different professionals on the oversight committee as it is helping me ensure my work is useful to them. The systematic review process has provided me with a viewpoint outside the academic and government communities, enabling me to change direction when it's important.
NBS: How have the business leaders on the oversight committee changed your direction?
Kaval: I was initially going to focus my energy on the different methodologies firms use for their sustainability reports and how firms are applying those methodologies. But the practitioners on the oversight committee said that they knew about the methodologies and wanted more information about how they can apply this knowledge in their own organizations.
Before becoming a consultant in the United States, Pamela Kaval was an associate professor at the Waikato Management School at New Zealand's Waikato University. In addition to the systematic review she is conducting for the Network for Business Sustainability, she is also conducting an Ecosystem Service valuation of the Colorado River Watershed for the Nature Conservancy, writing standards guidelines for forest valuation as a member of the Cost E45 European Forest Valuation Action Management Committee, valuing biodiversity and native birds in New Zealand and writing a chapter in the upcoming book 'Ecosystem Services in Engineered Systems.' | <urn:uuid:70d2a058-1d47-499e-86cf-1d4ac273720a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.environmental-expert.com/news/my-carbon-footprint-is-smaller-than-yours-172091 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00372-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958704 | 1,086 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Ovid: The Metamorphoses
Translated by A. S. Kline © Copyright 2000 All Rights Reserved
This work may be freely reproduced, stored, and transmitted, electronically or otherwise, for any non-commercial purpose.
- Bk XIII:1-122 The debate over the arms: Ajax speaks
- Bk XIII:123-381 The debate over the arms: Ulysses speaks
- Bk XIII:382-398 The death of Ajax
- Bk XIII:399-428 The fall of Troy
- Bk XIII:429-480 The deaths of Polydorus and Polyxena
- Bk XIII:481-575 Hecuba’s lament and transformation
- Bk XIII:576-622 Aurora and the Memnonides
- Bk XIII:623-639 Aeneas begins his wanderings
- Bk XIII:640-674 The transformation of Anius’s daughters.
- Bk XIII:675-704 The cup of Alcon
- Bk XIII:705-737 Aeneas’s journey to Sicily
- Bk XIII:738-788 Acis and Galatea
- Bk XIII:789-869 The song of Polyphemus
- Bk XIII:870-897 Acis is turned into a river-god
- Bk XIII:898-968 Glaucus tells Scylla of his transformation
Bk XIII:1-122 The debate over the arms: Ajax speaks
When the captains were seated, and the rank and file were standing, in a circle, around them, Ajax, master of the seven-layered shield, leapt up, and, fired with indignation, he looked back fiercely at the Sigean shore, and the ships beached on the shore, and, pointing to them, he said: ‘It is in front of these vessels I plead my cause, and Ulysses opposes me, by Jupiter! Yet he did not hesitate to give way before Hector’s blazing torches, which I resisted, which I drove away from the boats. But then, it is less risky to battle using lying words, than to fight with fists, and I am not prompt to speak, as he is not to act. I am as powerful in the fierce conflicts of the battle, as that man is in talk. I do not think however that I need to mention my deeds to you, Pelasgians, since you have seen them: let Ulysses tell you of his that are conducted without witness, in which night is the only sharer! I confess the prize I seek is great: but my rival detracts from the honour of it. There is nothing magnificent for Ajax in it, however great the thing is, if Ulysses has aspired to it. He has already won the prize in this contest, since when he is defeated he can say he fought it out with me.
As for me, if my courage were in doubt, my noble birth is a powerful argument, a son of Telamon, he who, under brave Hercules, captured the walls of Troy, and sailed in the ship from Pagasae, with the Argonauts, to Colchis. Telamon’s father was Aeacus, who judges there, among the silent dead, where Sisyphus, son of Aeolus rolls his heavy stone. Lofty Jupiter acknowledges Aeacus and confesses him to be his son: so Ajax is third in descent from Jove. Yet even this ancestry would not further my cause, if I did not share it with great Achilles. Our fathers, Peleus and Aeacus, were brothers: Achilles was my cousin, I ask for my cousin’s weapons! Why are you, Ulysses, the son of Sisyphus, and similar to him in your capability for fraud and trickery, involving an alien race in the affairs of the Aeacidae?
Are the arms denied me because I took up arms first, and without being rooted out, and shall he seem the better man who seized his weapons last, and shirked the fight with a pretence of madness, until Palamedes, son of Nauplius, the shrewder man, uncovered this cowardly spirit’s deceit, and dragged him to the weapons he shunned? Shall he own all, who wanted none: shall I, who was the first to put myself at risk, be denied honour, and my cousin’s gifts? If only his madness had been real, or been believed, and this exhorter to crime had never been our companion against the Phrygian fortresses! Then Lemnos would not hold you, to our shame, Philoctetes, son of Poeas, of whom they say that, hidden in the woodland caves, you move the stones, now, with your laments, calling down on Laërtes’s son the curses that he deserves, and, if there are gods, do not curse in vain! Now, alas, he who was sworn to the same conflict as ourselves, one of our captains, heir to Hercules’s arrows, weakened by sickness and hunger, clothed and fed by the birds, employs the arrows, that fate intended for Troy, in firing at birds! Still, he is alive, because he did not accompany Ulysses further: luckless Palamedes would have preferred to be left behind also: he would have been alive, or at least have died an irreproachable death: that man there, remembering all too well the exposure of his own supposed madness, accused him of betraying the Greek cause, and uncovered gold, he had previously hidden, as evidence of the fabricated charge. So, by abandonment or death, he has drawn the strength of Achaea: that is how Ulysses fights, that is why he is to be feared!
Though he be greater than Nestor, the true, in eloquence, I will never believe that his desertion of Nestor in battle was anything but a crime. When Nestor implored Ulysses’s help, weary as he was with old age, and slowed by a wound to his horse, he was abandoned by his companion. Diomede, son of Tydeus, is well aware that I am not inventing the charge: he called Ulysses repeatedly, by name, and reproached his cowardly friend for running away.
The gods look down, with the eyes of the just, at human dealings! Look, he who gave no help needs it: and as he had abandoned Nestor, so he would have been abandoned: he himself had established his own precedent. He shouted to his companions. I approached, and saw him, trembling and pale, and shaking with fear of impending death. I thrust out the mass of my shield, and covered him as he lay there, and (small cause for praise in that) I saved his cowardly life. If you go through with this contest, let us revisit that spot: revisit the enemy, your wound, and your usual cowardice, hide behind my shield, and contend with me under it! Yet, after I had snatched him up, he who was granted no strength to stand, because of his wounds, ran for it, not slowed by his wounds at all.
Hector approaches, and, with him, leads the gods to battle, and brave men as well as you are terrified, Ulysses, when he rushes onwards, such is the fear he brings. I felled him to the ground with a huge rock hurled from a distance, as he was exulting in the success of his bloodthirsty slaughter. When he challenged one warrior to meet him, I withstood him. You wished the lot would fall to me, Achaeans, and your prayers were answered. If you ask what the outcome of that conflict was I was not beaten by Hector. See, the Trojans bring fire and sword, and Jupiter himself, against the Greek ships: where now is the eloquent Ulysses? Surely I, with my own breast, shielded the thousand ships, your hope of return: grant me the arms for all that fleet.
Yet, if I may speak the truth, the arms search for greater honour than I do, to be linked to my glory, and the arms seek out Ajax, not Ajax the arms. Let the Ithacan compare with these things his killing of Rhesus, and of cowardly Dolon, his taking captive Helenus, Priam’s son, and his theft of Pallas’s image, the Palladium nothing performed in daylight, nothing without Diomede present. If ever you grant the armour for such worthless service, divide it, and let Diomede have the greater share of it. Nevertheless why give them to the Ithacan, who carries things out secretly, and always unarmed, deceiving the unsuspecting enemy with his tricks? The gleam of the helmet, radiant with shining gold, will reveal his scheming, and show where he hides. The Dulichian’s head beneath Achilles’s helmet, will not bear so great a weight, and the spear-shaft, from Pelion, cannot be anything but heavy and burdensome for his arm, unsuited to war, and the shield, with its engraved design of the vast world, will not be fit for that cowardly left hand born for stealing. Perverse man, why do you go after a prize that will cripple you, one that, if it is given you in error by the Achaean people, will be a reason for being despoiled by the enemy, not feared by them? And running away, in which you surpass everyone, you master-coward, will turn out to be a slow game for you, if you are carrying such a weight. Add to that your shield that is rarely used in battle, and uninjured, and mine split in a thousand places from fending off spear-thrusts, that needs a new successor.
Finally (what is the use of words?) let us be seen together in action! Send out the brave hero’s arms into the middle of the enemy ranks: order them to be recovered from there, and let the retriever be equipped with what he retrieves.’
Bk XIII:123-381 The debate over the arms: Ulysses speaks
The son of Telamon finished, and the crowd’s applause followed his closing words. Until the hero, son of Laërtes, stood. He gazed at the ground for a while and then raised his eyes to look at the captains, and opened his lips for the speech they anticipated: his eloquent words did not lack grace in their delivery.
‘If my wishes and yours, Pelasgians, had been worth anything, there would be no question as to who should inherit the arms in this great contest: you, Achilles, would have your armour, and we would have you. But since unequal fate has denied his presence to me and to you, (and he made as if to wipe a tear from his eye), who better to take Achilles’s place than the man through whom mighty Achilles took his place among the Greeks? Only do not let it help him that he is slow-witted, as he seems to be, nor harm my case that my ability has always profited you Greeks. And let this eloquence of mine, if it exists, that often spoke for you, and now speaks for its master, escape envy: no man should refuse to employ his talents.
Now, as to race, and ancestry, and whatever we have not personally achieved; I hardly call those things ours. But since Ajax has recalled that he is Jove’s great grandson, Jupiter is the founder of my bloodline also, and I am the same distance from him. Laërtes is my father, Arcesius was Laërtes’s father, and he was the son of Jupiter: and there are no exiled criminals, like Peleus and Telamon, amongst them. Also there is the addition to my nobility of Cyllenian Mercury through my mother, Anticleia. The gods are in both my parents. But I do not claim the arms lying there because I am nobler on my mother’s side, nor because my father is innocent of a brother’s blood. Judge the case on its merits. Provided that it is not regarded as Ajax’s merit that Telamon and Peleus were brothers, and that what is considered in this award is respect for ability not the claims of blood! Or, if you are asking who is the next of kin, and the lawful heir, well Peleus is Achilles’s father, and Pyrrhus is Achilles’s son: where is Ajax’s claim? Take the arms to Peleus’s Phthia, or Pyrrhus’s Scyros! Teucer is no less Achilles’s cousin than Ajax, yet does he ask for the arms, and if he did, would he gain them? So, since it is a contest about naked achievements, I have done more than I can recount in glib words, but I will take things in their proper order.
Thetis, Achilles’s Nereid mother, foreseeing her son’s death, disguised his appearance, and wearing women’s clothes he deceived everyone, including Ajax. But, among the things women buy, I placed arms to stir a man’s spirit. Before the hero had abandoned the clothes of a girl, while he held the shield and spear, I said: ‘Pergama the citadel doomed to be destroyed, waits for you, son of the goddess! Why do you hesitate to overthrow mighty Troy?’ And I took him in hand, and sent the brave out to do brave things. So his deeds are mine: I overcame warring Telephus with my spear, and healed him with it, when he was defeated and begging for help. It is down to me that Mysian Thebes fell: credit the capture of Lesbos to me, Tenedos to me, Chryse and Cilla the cities of Apollo, and Phrygian Scyros as well. Imagine that my right hand razed Lyrnesus’s walls to the ground. I gave you the man who could destroy fierce Hector, not to speak of those other Trojans: through me glorious Hector lies low! I seek these arms for the arms that revealed Achilles: I gave to the living, I claim from the dead.
When one man’s sorrow fell on all the Greeks, and a thousand ships gathered at Euboean Aulis, though they waited for a long time, there were adverse winds or no wind. Then a cruel oracle ordered Agamemnon to sacrifice his innocent daughter, Iphigenia, to pitiless Diana. The father said no, angered with the gods themselves: and there is still a father even in a king. I with my skill in words turned him away from a parent’s fondness and towards the common good. I had a difficult case indeed to plead, before (I confess, and may Atrides pardon the confession) a prejudiced judge, but given the needs of his brother and the expedition, and the high command vested in him, he balanced glory against blood. Then I was sent to the mother, Clytaemnestra, who was not to be persuaded, but deceived by cunning. If Telamon’s son had gone, our sails would still be waiting for the winds.
Also, as an ambassador, I was sent to Troy’s citadel, and saw and entered the senate house of lofty Ilium, still full of heroes. As I was charged to do by Greece, for the common good, undaunted, I accused Paris, demanded the return of Helen and what Paris had plundered, and stirred Priam, and Antenor, at one with Priam. But Paris, and his brothers, and those who plundered with him, could scarcely keep their sinful hands off me (you know it, Menelaüs) and that first day of danger to me was shared with you.
It would take a long time to tell what I have achieved that has been useful, by stratagem and deed, in the long space of this conflict. After the first onslaught the enemy kept inside the city walls for a long time, and there was no chance for open warfare. Finally in the tenth year we fought it out. What were you doing meanwhile, Ajax, you who only know about battles? What use were you then? If you ask what I was doing, I laid ambushes for the enemy; surrounded the defences with a ditch; encouraged our allies so that they might bear the weariness of a long campaign with patience of mind; advised on how we should be fed and armed; was sent wherever benefit required it.
See, deceived by a dream in sleep, Agamemnon, the king, commanded by Jupiter, orders us to give up all concern with the war we have begun. He can justify his words by this dream’s authority. Let Ajax prevent it, and demand that the citadel, Pergama, be destroyed, let him do what he can do, fight! Why does he not restrain those who are for returning home? Why does he not take up arms, and give a lead for the fickle mob to follow?
That was not too much to ask of one who never speaks without boasting: but what of the fact that he fled as well?
I saw you, Ajax, and was ashamed to see it, when, turning your back, you readied your dishonourable sails. Instantly I shouted: ‘What are you doing? What madness is urging you to abandon captured Troy? What are you taking home with you, except disgrace?’ With these words, and others, in which my anguish made me eloquent, I turned men from their flight, and led them back. Atrides assembled the allies who were quaking with fear: even then the son of Telamon did not dare utter a thing, but even Thersites dared to attack the kings with insolent words, though not without punishment from me! I rose to my feet and urged on my frightened countrymen against the enemy, and by my voice restored their lost courage. From that time on, whatever bravery this man can be seen to have shown, is mine, who dragged him back when he was given to flight.
Next, which of the Greeks praises you or seeks you out, Ajax? Yet Diomede shares what he does with me, supports me, and always trusts Ulysses as his companion. That is something, to be singled out by Diomede from so many thousand Greeks! No drawing of lots forced me to go: yet, disregarding the dangers of night and the enemy, I killed Dolon, the Phrygian, out on the same errand as we were, but not before I had forced him to tell what he knew, and had learned what perfidious Troy was planning. I had discovered everything, and had no need to spy further, and could now return with the glory I sought: yet not content with that, I searched out Rhesus’s tents, and I killed him and his comrades in their camp. And so, a victor, with what I prayed for achieved, as if it were a triumph, I rode his captured chariot. Deny me the arms of Achilles, whose horses my enemy, Dolon, asked of Hector, for his night’s work, and let Ajax be more generous than you.
Why should I have to mention the ranks of Sarpedon of Lycia cut to pieces by my sword? With bloody slaughter I killed Coeranos, Iphitus’s son; Alastor and Chromius; Alcander, Halius, Noëmon and Prytanis; and I dealt destruction to Thoön, Chersidamas, Charopes, and Ennomos driven by inexorable fate; and others less well known fell to my hand under the walls of the city. I have wounds, friends, honourable ones, as their position shows: do not believe empty words, look!’ and he pulled his tunic open with his hand, ‘here is my breast that has always been employed in your actions! But the son of Telamon has shed no blood for his companions, in all these years, and his flesh is unwounded!
What relevance is it that he declares he took up arms against the Trojans and against Jove? I agree, he did (since I do not maliciously disparage beneficial actions) but do not let him seize the honour that is shared, and let him grant you some respect also. It was Patroclus, son of Actor, protected by being disguised in Achilles’s armour, who pushed back the Trojans from the ships that would have gone up in flames, with Ajax, their defender. He thinks that he is the only one who dared to face Hector’s spear, forgetting the captains and the king, and myself: he was the ninth to volunteer, and selected by the luck of the draw. But what was the result of your struggle, strongest of men? Hector retreated without receiving a single wound.
Alas, with what sadness I am forced to recall that time when Achilles, the defence of Achaia, fell! Yet tears, grief, fear did not prevent my lifting his body from the earth: I carried the body of Achilles over these shoulders, these very shoulders, along with the weapons, that now also I am anxious to carry. I have strength enough for such a burden, and a mind that can surely appreciate the honour. Was it for this that his mother, the sea-goddess, was so ambitious for her son, that the gifts of heaven, the works of such artistry, should adorn an ignorant and thoughtless soldier? He understands nothing of the shield’s engraving, Ocean, or earth, or high starry sky; the Pleiades and the Hyades, the Bear that is always clear of the waters, and opposite, beyond the Milky Way, Orion, with his glittering sword. He demands to bear armour that he does not comprehend!
What of the fact that he accuses me of shirking the harsh duties of war, and of coming late to a labour already begun? Does he not see that he is speaking ill of great Achilles? If you call it a crime to dissimulate, we both dissimulated: if delay is a fault, I was the earlier to arrive. A loving wife detained me, a loving mother Achilles. Our priority was given to them, the rest to you. I hardly fear an accusation, even if I cannot defend myself against it, shared with such a man: he was revealed by Ulysses’s cunning, but not Ulysses by Ajax’s.
Let us not be astonished that he pours out against me the invective from his foolish tongue, since he reproaches you shamefully. Was it a disgrace for me to accuse Palamedes on an erroneous charge, but proper for you to condemn him? But then the son of Nauplias could not defend himself against so great a crime, and one so clearly proven: nor did you merely hear of the crime: you saw it, revealed by the gold I exposed.
Nor do I merit being called a criminal because Lemnos, Vulcan’s isle, holds the son of Poeas, Philoctetes, (defend your own actions, since you agreed to it!) but I will not deny that I persuaded him to withdraw from the hardships of war and the journey, and to try and relieve his terrible agonies in rest. He agreed – and he still lives! Not only was my opinion offered in good faith, though it is enough that it was in good faith, but it turned out well. Now since our seers demand his presence for the destruction of Troy, do not commission me! Telamon’s son, with his eloquence, had better go and soothe that man, maddened by pain and fury, or bring him by some cunning trick! If my mind were idle on your behalf, the River Simoïs would flow backwards, and Mount Ida stand there leafless, and Achaia help Pergama, before the skill, of foolish Ajax, would benefit the Greeks.
I would go to you, harsh Philoctetes, and try to bring you back with me, though you are aggressive towards king and countrymen, and myself; though you execrate me, and pour curses endlessly on my head; and, in your pain, long for me to be given into your power, to drink my blood, and to have your chance at me, as I did at you. And I would gain possession of your arrows (by Fortune’s favour), as I took possession of the Dardanian seer, Helenus, whom I captured; as I revealed the gods’ oracles and the fate of Troy; as I stole the image of Phrygian Minerva from the inner sanctuary, from the midst of the enemy. Does Ajax compare himself to me? The fates surely denied our capturing Troy without it.
Where is brave Ajax now? Where are the great hero’s mighty words? What do you fear then? Why does Ulysses dare to go through the sentries and commit himself to night; to enter not only the walls of Troy but also the heights of the citadel, past the sharp swords; and to snatch the goddess from her temple, and carry her captive through the enemy ranks? If I had not done it, the son of Telamon would have carried the seven-layered bull’s-hide shield on his left arm in vain. That night the victory over Troy was established: I defeated Pergama then, when I secured the possibility of her defeat.
You can stop pointing out with your murmurs and looks, Ajax, that Diomede was my partner: he has his share of praise in this! Nor were you alone, when you held your shield in defence of the allied ships: you had a crowd of companions: I had only one. If he did not know that a fighter is worth less than a thinker, and that the prize is not owed merely because of an indomitable right hand, he would also claim it; so would the lesser Ajax, fierce Eurypylus, and Thoas, the son of famous Andraemon, and no less surely would Idomeneus, and Meriones born of the same nation, and Menelaüs, the brother of Agamemnon.
In fact, they accept my counsel, these strong right hands, not second to me in battle. Your right hand, useful in war, needs the guidance of my intellect. You have power without mind, mine is the care for the future. You can fight, but Atrides, with me, chooses the time to fight. You only display the flesh, I the spirit. By as much as he who steers the ship is superior to him who rows, by as much as the general exceeds the soldier, by that much I surpass you. No less is the head more powerful than the hand, in our body: the energy of the whole is within it.
O princes, grant the prize to your sentry, for the many years I have spent in anxious care, grant me the judgement, this honour for my services. Now my labour is done: I have removed fate’s obstacles, and by making it possible to take high Pergama, have taken her. Now, by our common expectation; by Troy’s doomed walls; by the gods I recently took from the enemy; by whatever else remains that needs to be done wisely; I pray, that if there is still some bold and dangerous thing to attempt, if you think that anything is yet in store involving Troy’s fate, remember me! And if you do not give me the arms, give them to her!’ and he pointed towards Minerva’s fatal statue.
Bk XIII:382-398 The death of Ajax
The council of princes was swayed, and it shows what eloquence can do: the gifted speaker carried away the arms of the brave hero. But Ajax, who had so often stood alone against Hector, against sword and flame, against Jove himself, could not stand against mere passion, and indignation conquered the unconquerable hero. Drawing his sword he shouted: ‘This is mine, at least! Or does Ulysses demand it for himself? This I will use myself, on myself, and the iron so often drenched in Phrygian blood, will now be drenched in its master’s, so that none can defeat Ajax but himself.’ He spoke, and drove the lethal weapon to its full extent into his chest, that, till then, had never felt a wound. No hand was strong enough to draw out the implanted weapon: it was the blood itself expelled it, and the bloodstained ground bore a purple flower from the green turf, that had first sprung from the wound of the Spartan, Hyacinthus. In the centre of the petals letters are inscribed, shared by the hero and the boy, one reading of them being a name, ΑΙΑΣ, and the other one, ΑΙ ΑΙ, a cry of woe.
Bk XIII:399-428 The fall of Troy
Ulysses, the winner, set sail for Lemnos, the island of Queen Hypsipyle and her father the famous Thoas, a country notorious in ancient times for the murder by its women of their men, to bring back the arrows of Tirynthian Hercules. When he had brought them back to the Greeks, with Philoctetes their master, the last hand was dealt in the long drawn-out war. Troy fell, and Priam also. Hecuba, Priam’s unhappy wife, when all else was lost, lost her human form, and filled the air of an alien country, where the long Hellespont narrows to a strait, with strange barking.
Ilium burned; the flames had not yet died down; Jove’s altar was soaking up old Priam’s meagre stream of blood; and Cassandra, the head priestess of Apollo, dragged along by her hair, stretched out her arms uselessly to the heavens. The Dardanian women, embracing the statues of their nation’s gods while they still could, and thronging the burning temples, were snatched away by the victorious Greeks as enviable prizes. Astyanax, was thrown down from that tower, from which he used to see his father, Hector, whom Andromache his mother pointed out to him, as Hector fought for him, and protected the ancestral kingdom. Now Boreas, the north wind, urged the Greeks on their way, and the sails flapped in a favourable breeze.
The sailors are ordered to take advantage of the wind. The Trojan women wail, kissing their native earth, abandoning the burning houses: ‘Troy, farewell! We are taken against our will.’
The last to embark – pitiable sight! – was Hecuba, found among the tombs of her sons. There as she clung to their graves, trying to kiss their relics, the hands of Dulichian Ulysses dragged her away. Yet she emptied one sepulchre, and carried away with her, at her breast, Hector’s ashes from the emptied urn. And on Hector’s grave she left a scant offering to the dead, shreds of her grey hair, hair and tears.
Bk XIII:429-480 The deaths of Polydorus and Polyxena
There is a country opposite Phrygia, where Troy stood, that the Bistones inhabit: Polymestor’s wealthy court was there, to whom Priam your father secretly sent you, Polydorus, to be reared away from the Phrygian war: a wise plan if he had not sent great riches with you, a reward for the criminal, a temptation to the greedy spirit. When Phrygia’s fortunes waned, the impious king of Thrace took his sword and stabbed his young foster child in the throat, and threw the body from a cliff into the sea, as if murder could be eliminated with the corpse.
Agamemnon had moored his fleet on a Thracian beach until the sea calmed, and the winds were kinder. Here, suddenly the ghost of Achilles appeared from a broad fissure in the earth, as large as he used to be in life. He appeared as on the day when, with threatening face, and sword in hand, he fiercely challenged Agamemnon’s injustice. ‘You depart, then, Achaeans, forgetting me, and gratitude for my courage is buried with me!’ he cried, ‘Do not let it be so! Let Polyxena be sacrificed, so that my tomb is not without its honours. Appease Achilles’s shade!’
He spoke, and, his countrymen obeyed the pitiless ghost. Now, she was torn from her mother’s arms, and the girl, almost Hecuba’s only comfort, ill-fated, but with more than a woman’s courage, was led to the burial mound and became a victim of the dread grave. She remembered who she was, set before the brutal altar, knowing the savage rite was readied for her, and when she saw Neoptolemus standing, gripping his sword, his eyes gazing at her face, she said: ‘Now, shed noble blood, nothing prevents you: but sheathe your sword in my throat or in my breast,’ and she uncovered both her throat and her breast, ‘Polyxena, for certain, has no desire to be slave to any man! No god will be appeased by such a rite as this! I only wish my death could be unknown to my mother: my mother weakens and lessens my joy in death, though it is not my dying but her living that is terrible. Now, move away, you, so that if my request is lawful, I may not be hindered in going to the Stygian shades: and take the hands of man from virgin flesh! My free blood will be more acceptable to him, whoever he is, whom you are trying to appease with my murder. If my last words still move any of you (The daughter of Priam asks it, not a prisoner) return my body to my mother without ransom: let her pay for the sad privilege of burying me, not with gold, but with tears! When she could do so, she paid in gold as well’
She spoke, and the crowd could not restrain tears that she restrained. Then the priest, also weeping, and against his will, driving his sword home, pierced the breast she offered up. Her knees gave way, and she sank to the ground, keeping her look of fearless courage to the end. Even then, as she fell, she was careful to hide the parts that should be hidden, and to protect the honour of her chaste modesty.
Bk XIII:481-575 Hecuba’s lament and transformation
The Trojan women lift her body, counting over the lamented children of Priam, and recounting how much blood one house has surrendered. They weep for you, girl, and for you, Hecuba, who were lately called the royal wife, the royal parent, the image of bright Asia, now in evil circumstances, even for a prisoner, whom victorious Ulysses would not have wanted, except for the fact that you had given birth to Hector a partner for his mother that Hector would scarcely have imagined!
Embracing the body of Polyxena, now empty of that brave spirit, she sheds the tears for her that she has shed so often for her husband, sons and country. She pours her tears over her daughter’s wound, covers her lips with kisses, and beats at her own bruised breast.
Then, tearing at her white hair caked with blood, and plucking at her breast, she said this amongst other things: ‘Child – since, what else is left me? – your mother’s last grief, Child, you lie there, and I see your wound, that is my wound. Look, you also have your wound, so that I might lose none of my children without bloodshed. Because you were a woman, I thought you safe from the sword: yet, a woman, you have died by the sword: and that same Achilles who has ruined Troy and made me childless, who has destroyed so many of your brothers, has killed you in the same way.
Yet when he fell to the arrow of Paris, and Phoebus, I said: “Now surely, Achilles is no longer to be feared.” Yet even then I still needed to fear him. His very ashes in the tomb are hostile to our race: even in the grave we feel his enmity: I gave birth for the Aeacidae! Mighty Ilium is in the dust, and, in a grievous outcome, our ruined State is ended. But still, it ended: in me, only, Pergama remains. My grief still takes it course. A moment ago I was endowed with the greatest things, so many sons and daughters, sons-in-law, and daughters-in-law, and my husband. Now, exiled, destitute, torn from the tombs of my loved ones, I am dragged off as a prize, to serve Penelope. She will point me out to the women of Ithaca, as I spin the wool she gives me, and say: “This is the famous mother of Hector, this is Priam’s queen.” Now you, Polyxena, after so many have been lost, you, who were the only one left to comfort your mother’s grief, have been sacrificed on an enemy tomb! I have borne offerings for the enemy dead!
Why do I remain, unyielding? Why do I linger here? Why do you preserve me, wrinkled old age? Why prolong an old woman’s life, cruel gods, unless it is for me to view more funerals? Who would have thought Priam could be happy when Pergama has fallen? Yet he is happy, in death! He did not see you killed, daughter, but left his kingdom and his life together. Do I imagine you will be endowed with funereal splendour, and your body laid to rest in the ancestral tomb? That is not our house’s fate! Your mother’s tears will be your funeral gift, and the wastes of foreign sand. I have lost everything: now an only child is left, once the youngest son of my family, his mother’s dearest, a reason to endure life for a brief space of time, Polydorus, sent to these shores, to the Ismarian king. But why do I delay, meanwhile, the cleansing of your cruel wound with water, your face spattered with drops of blood?’
She spoke, and went to the shore, with the stumbling steps of an old woman, tearing at her white hair. ‘Give me an urn, women of Troy!’ said the unhappy mother, wanting to draw water from the sea. There, she saw Polydorus’s body, thrown on the beach, covered with open wounds made by Thracian spears. The Trojan women cried out, but she was dumb with grief. The grief itself obliterated both her powers of speech and the tears welling inside, and she stood unmoving like solid rock, at one moment with her gaze fixed on the ground, the next lifting her face grimly towards the sky. Now she looked at her dead son’s face, now at his wounds, mostly at his wounds, awakening a growing anger in herself. Then it blazed out, and she, as if she were still a queen, determined on vengeance, her whole mind filled with thoughts of punishment.
Hecuba, her grief mixed with anger, forgetting her age, but not forgetting her rage, like a lioness maddened by the theft of her unweaned cub, that, though she cannot see her enemy, follows the traces she finds of his footsteps, found her way to the author of the dreadful crime, Polymestor. She made out that she wanted to show him a secret hoard of gold, to be given to her son. The Thracian believed her, and with his usual desire for gain, came with her secretly. Then with smooth and cunning words, he said: ‘Do not delay, Hecuba: give me your gift to your son! It will all be for him, both what you give and what was given before, I swear by the gods.’
She gazed at him, grimly, as he spoke and swore his lying oath, until, her seething anger boiling over, she called on her train of captive women to attack the man, and drove her nails into his deceitful eyes, and (made strong by anger) tore the eyeballs from their sockets, and dipped her hand, and drank, stained with his sinful blood, not from his eyes (nothing of them remained) but from the holes that were his eyes.
The Thracians, enraged by the murder of their king, attacked the Trojan woman, hurling stones and missiles, but she chased the stones they threw, snapping at them with a harsh growling, and, readying her jaws for words, barked when she tried to speak. The place is still there, and takes its name, Cynossema, the Monument of the Bitch, from this, and she still howls mournfully amongst the Sithonian fields, remembering endlessly her ancient suffering.
Bk XIII:576-622 Aurora and the Memnonides
But Aurora had no time for being moved by the fall and ruin of Hecuba and Troy, though she had aided its defence. A closer sorrow, and a private grief tormented her, the loss of her son Memnon, whom she, his bright mother, had seen wasted by Achilles’s spear on the Phrygian plain. She saw it, and that colour, that reddens the dawn, paled, and the sky was covered with cloud. His mother could not bear to look at his body laid on the summit of the funeral pyre, but with dishevelled hair, just as she was, she did not scorn to fall at the feet of mighty Jove, adding tears to these words: ‘I am the least of all, whom the golden heavens hold (since temples to me are the rarest in all the world), yet I come as a goddess: though not that you might give me sanctuaries, or sacred days, or altars to flame with sacrificial fires. Yet if you considered what I, as a woman, do for you, when each new dawn I keep the borders of night, you would think to give me some reward. But that is not my care, nor Aurora’s errand, to ask for well-merited honours.
I come bereft of my Memnon, who bore arms bravely, but in vain, for his uncle Priam, and in his youth has fallen to mighty Achilles (so you willed). I beg you to grant him some honour, as a solace for his death, great king of the gods, and lessen a mother’s wound!’ Jupiter nodded, while Memnon’s steep pyre collapsed in leaping flames, and the daylight was stained with columns of black smoke, like the river-fog the naiad breathes out, that does not admit the light beneath it. Dark ashes flew upwards, and gathering into a ball and solidifying, they formed a shape, and it drew life and heat from the fire (its own lightness giving it wings). At first resembling a bird, then a true bird, it clapped its wings, and innumerable sisters, sprung from the same natal source, sounded too. Three times they circled the pyre, and three times their clamour rose in the air in consonance, on the fourth flight the flock divided. Then in two separate fierce bands they made war, wielding beaks and hooked talons in rage, wearying wing and breast in the struggle.
Remembering they were sprung from a brave hero, they fell as offerings to the buried ashes of their kinsman’s body. The source of these suddenly created birds gave them his name: from him they were called the Memnonides and when the sun has transited his twelve signs, they war and die again in ritual festival.
And so, while others wept to witness Hecuba’s baying, Aurora was intent on her own grief, and even now she sheds tears, and wets the whole world with dew.
Bk XIII:623-639 Aeneas begins his wanderings
Yet the fates did not allow Troy’s destiny, also, to be overthrown with her walls. Aeneas, Cytherean Venus’s heroic son, carried away on his shoulders her sacred icons, and bore his father, another sacred and venerable burden. He dutifully chose that prize from all his riches, and his son Ascanius, and carried over the sea in his exiled fleet, he left Antandros’s harbour, and the sinful thresholds of Thrace, and the soil drenched in Polydorus’s blood, and riding the favourable winds and tides, he came with his company of friends, to the city of Apollo on Delos.
Anius, who ruled the people, and worshipped Phoebus, with the proper ritual, as high priest, received him in palace and temple. He showed him the city, the famous sanctuary, and the two trees to which Latona clung when she gave birth. They gave incense to the flames, poured wine onto the incense, and, in accord with custom, burned the entrails of slaughtered oxen, and then sought out the royal palace, where reclining on high couches, they ate the gifts of Ceres, and drank the wine of Bacchus.
Bk XIII:640-674 The transformation of Anius’s daughters.
Then virtuous Anchises said: ‘O chosen priest of Phoebus, am I wrong, or do I not remember that you had a son and four daughters, when I first saw your city?’ Shaking his head, bound with its white sacrificial fillets, Anius replied sadly: ‘Mightiest of heroes, you are not wrong: you saw me the father of five children, whom now you see almost bereft. What is the use of my absent son, who holds the island of Andros, that takes its name from him, and rules it in his father’s place? Delian Apollo gave him the power of prophecy. Bacchus Liber gave my female offspring other gifts, greater than those they hoped or prayed for. All that my daughters touched turned into corn or wine or the grey-green olives of Minerva, and employing them was profitable.
When Agamemnon, son of Atreus, ravager of Troy, learned of this (so that you do not think we escaped all knowledge of your destructive storm) he used armed force to snatch my unwilling daughters from a father’s arms, and ordered them to feed the Greek fleet, using their gift from heaven. Each escaped where they could. Two made for Euboea, and two for their brother’s island of Andros. The army landed and threatened war unless they were given up. Fear overcame brotherly affection, and he surrendered his blood-kin. It is possible to forgive the cowardly brother, since Aeneas and Hector, thanks to whom you held out till the tenth year, were not here to defend Andros.
Now they were readying the chains for the prisoners’ arms. They, while their arms were free, stretched them out to the sky, saying: “Bacchus, father, bring your aid!” and he, who granted their gifts, helped them – if you call it help for them to lose in some strange way their human form, for I could not discover by what process they lost it, nor can I describe it. The end of this misfortune I did observe: they took wing, and became snow-white doves, the birds of your goddess-wife Anchises, Venus.’
Bk XIII:675-704 The cup of Alcon
After they had filled the time with these and other matters, they left the table and retired to sleep, and rising with the dawn, they went to the oracle of Phoebus, who ordered them to seek their ancient mother, and their ancestral shores.
The king gave them parting gifts and escorted them on their way: a sceptre for Anchises, a cloak and quiver for his grandson, Ascanius, and a drinking-bowl for Aeneas, that Therses of Thebes, a friend, had sent, from the Aonian coast, to the king: Therses had given it, but it was made by Alcon of Hyle, who had engraved it with a complete story.
There was a city, and you could see its seven gates: these served to name it, and tell you that it was Thebes. In front of the city funeral rites, sepulchres, funeral pyres, and fires, and women with naked breasts and streaming hair, depicted mourning. Nymphs, also, appeared weeping, and lamenting their dried-up fountains: the trees stood bare and leafless: goats nibbled the dry gravel.
See here, in the midst of Thebes he portrays Orion’s daughters, the one, more than a woman, slashing her unprotected throat, the other stabbing a weapon into her valiant breast, falling on behalf of their people, then carried in glorious funeral procession through the city, and burned among crowds of mourners. Then two youths, famous as the Coroni, spring from the virgin ashes, so that the race will not die, and lead the cortège containing their mothers’ remains.
Such was the ancient bronze with its gleaming designs: round the rim gilded acanthus leaves were embossed. The Trojans gave gifts in return, worth no less: an incense-box for the priest, a libation-saucer, and a crown shining with gold and jewels.
Bk XIII:705-737 Aeneas’s journey to Sicily
From there, remembering that they, the Teucrians, came originally from the blood of Teucer, they made for his Crete. But, unable to endure Jove’s plague, they left Crete with its hundred cities, hoping to reach the harbours of Ausonian Italy. Tempests raged, and tossed the heroes on stormy seas, and taking refuge in the treacherous harbour of the Strophades, they were terrified by the harpy, Aëllo.
Now they were carried past Dulichium’s anchorage; past Same, and the houses of Neritos; and Ithaca, cunning Ulysses’s kingdom. They saw Ambracia, famous now for its Apollo of Actium, once contended over by quarreling gods; and saw the image of the judge who was turned to stone; Dodona’s land with its oracular oaks; and Chaonia’s bay, where the sons of Munichus, the Molossian king, escaped the impious flames on new-found wings.
Next they headed for the country of the Phaeacians, set with rich orchards, and touched at Buthrotus in Epirus, a miniature Troy, ruled by Helenus, the Trojan seer. From there, certain of their future, all of which Helenus, Priam’s son predicted, with reliable warnings, they entered Sicilian waters. Three tongues of this land run down into the sea. Of these Pachynos faces the rainy south, Lilybaeon fronts the soft western breeze, and Peloros looks to the northern Bears that never touch the waves. Here the Teucrians came, and rowing, with a favourable tide, their fleet reached the sandy beach of Zancle, as night fell.
Scylla attacks from the right-hand coast, restless Charybdis from the left. The latter sucks down and spits out ships she has caught: the former has a girdle of savage dogs round her dark belly. She has a girl’s face, and if the tales of poets are not all false, she was once a girl also. Many suitors wooed her, whom she rejected, and she would go and tell the ocean nymphs, being well loved by the ocean nymphs, of the thwarted desires of young men.
Bk XIII:738-788 Acis and Galatea
Once while Galatea let Scylla comb her hair, she addressed these words to her, sighing often: ‘At least, O virgin Scylla, you are not wooed by a relentless breed of men: and you can reject them without fear, as you do. But I, whose father is Nereus, and whose mother is sea-green Doris, I, though protected by a crowd of sisters, was not allowed to flee the love of Polyphemus, the Cyclops, except through sorrow’, and tears stopped the sound of her voice. When the girl had wiped away the tears with her white fingers, and the goddess was comforted, she said: ‘Tell me, O dearest one: do not hide the cause of your sadness (I can be so trusted).’ The Nereid answered Crateis’s daughter in these words: ‘Acis was the son of Faunus and the nymph Symaethis, a great delight to his father and mother, but more so even to me, since he and I alone were united. He was handsome, and having marked his sixteenth birthday, a faint down covered his tender cheeks. I sought him, the Cyclops sought me, endlessly. If you asked, I could not say which was stronger in me, hatred of Cyclops or love of Acis, both of them were equally strong.
Oh! Gentle Venus, how powerful your rule is over us! How that ruthless creature, terrifying even to the woods themselves, whom no stranger has ever seen with impunity, who scorns mighty Olympus and its gods, how he feels what love is, and, on fire, captured by powerful desire, forgets his flocks and caves. Now Polyphemus, you care for your appearance, and are anxious to please, now you comb your bristling hair with a rake, and are pleased to cut your shaggy beard with a reaping hook, and to gaze at your savage face in the water and compose its expression. Your love of killing, your fierceness, and your huge thirst for blood, end, and the ships come and go in safety.
Meanwhile, Telemus the augur, Telemus, the son of Eurymus, whom no flight of birds could deceive, came to Sicilian Mount Aetna, addressed grim Polyphemus, and said: “Ulysses will take from you, that single eye in the middle of your forehead.” He laughed, and answered: “O most foolish of seers, you are wrong, another, a girl, has already taken it.” So he scorned the true warning, given in vain, and weighed the coast down, walking with giant tread, or returned weary to his dark cave.
A wedge-shaped hillside, ending in a long spur, projects into the sea (the waves of the ocean wash round it on both sides). The fierce Cyclops climbed to it, and sat at its apex, and his woolly flocks, shepherd-less, followed. Then laying at his feet the pine trunk he used as a staff, fit to carry a ship’s rigging, he lifted his panpipes made of a hundred reeds. The whole mountain felt the pastoral notes, and the waves felt them too. Hidden by a rock, I was lying in my Acis’s arms, and my ears caught these words, and, having heard them, I remembered:’
Bk XIII:789-869 The song of Polyphemus
‘Galatea, whiter than the snowy privet petals,
taller than slim alder, more flowery than the meadows,
friskier than a tender kid, more radiant than crystal,
smoother than the shells, polished, by the endless tides;
more welcome than the summer shade, or the sun in winter,
showier than the tall plane-tree, fleeter than the hind;
more than ice sparkling, sweeter than grapes ripening,
softer than the swan’s-down, or the milk when curdled,
lovelier, if you did not flee, than a watered garden.
Galatea, likewise, wilder than an untamed heifer,
harder than an ancient oak, trickier than the sea;
tougher than the willow-twigs, or the white vine branches,
firmer than these cliffs, more turbulent than a river,
vainer than the vaunted peacock, fiercer than the fire;
more truculent than a pregnant bear, pricklier than thistles,
deafer than the waters, crueller than a trodden snake;
oh, what I wish I could alter in you, most of all, is this:
that you are swifter than the deer, driven by loud barking,
swifter even than the winds, and the passing breeze.
But if you knew me well, you would regret your flight, and you would condemn your own efforts yourself, and hold to me: half of the mountain is mine, and the deep caves in the natural rock, where winter is not felt nor the midsummer sun. There are apples that weigh down the branches, golden and purple grapes on the trailing vines. Those, and these, I keep for you. You will pick ripe strawberries born in the woodland shadows, in autumn cherries and plums, not just the juicy blue-purples, but also the large yellow ones, the colour of fresh bees’-wax. There will be no lack of fruit from the wild strawberry trees, nor from the tall chestnuts: every tree will be there to serve you.
This whole flock is mine, and many are wandering the valleys as well, many hidden by the woods, many penned in the caves. If you asked me I could not tell you how many there are: a poor man counts his flocks. You can see, you need not merely believe me, how they can hardly move their legs with their full udders. There are newborn lambs in the warn sheepfolds, and kids too, of the same age, in other pens, and I always have snow-white milk: some of it kept for drinking, and some with rennet added to curdle it.
You will not have vulgar gifts or easily found pleasures, such as leverets, or does, or kids, or paired doves, or a nest from the treetops. I came upon twin cubs of a shaggy bear that you can play with: so alike you can hardly separate them. I came upon them and I said: “I shall keep these for my mistress.”
Now Galatea, only lift your shining head from the dark blue sea: come, do not scorn my gifts. Lately, I examined myself, it’s true, and looked at my reflection in the clear water, and, seeing my self, it pleased me. Look how large I am: Jupiter, in the sky, since you are accustomed to saying some Jove or other rules there, has no bigger a body. Luxuriant hair hangs over my face, and shades my shoulders like a grove. And do not consider it ugly for my whole body to be bristling with thick prickly hair. A tree is ugly without its leaves: a horse is ugly unless a golden mane covers its neck: feathers hide the birds: their wool becomes the sheep: a beard and shaggy hair befits a man’s body. I only have one eye in the middle of my forehead, but it is as big as a large shield. Well? Does great Sol not see all this from the sky? Yet Sol’s orb is unique.
Added to that my father, Neptune, rules over your waters: I give you him as a father-in-law. Only have pity, and listen to my humble prayers! I, who scorn Jove and his heaven and his piercing lightning bolt, submit to you alone: I fear you, Nereid your anger is fiercer than lightning. And I could bear this contempt of yours more patiently, if you fled from everyone. But why, rejecting Cyclops, love Acis, and prefer Acis’s embrace to mine? Though he is pleased with himself, and, what I dislike, pleases you too, Galatea, let me just have a chance at him. Then he will know I am as strong as I am big! I’ll tear out his entrails while he lives, rend his limbs and scatter them over the fields, and over your ocean, (so he can join you!) For I am on fire, and, wounded, I burn with a fiercer flame, and I seem to bear Aetna with all his violent powers sunk in my breast, yet you, Galatea, are unmoved.’
Bk XIII:870-897 Acis is turned into a river-god
‘With such useless complaints he rose (for I saw it all) and as a bull that cannot stay still, furious when the cow is taken from it, he wanders through the woods and glades. Not anticipating such a thing, without my knowing, he saw me, and saw Acis. “I see you,” he cried, “and I’ll make this the last celebration of your love.” His voice was as loud as an angry Cyclops’s voice must be: Aetna shook with the noise. And I, terrified, plunged into the nearby waters. My hero, son of Symaethis, had turned his back, and ran, crying: “Help me, I beg you, Galatea! Forefathers, help me, admit me to your kingdom or I die!”
Cyclops followed him and hurled a rock wrenched from the mountain, and though only the farthest corner of the stone reached him, it still completely buried Acis. Then I, doing the only thing that fate allowed me, caused Acis to assume his ancestral powers. From the rock, crimson blood seeped out, and in a little while its redness began to fade, became the colour of a river at first swollen by rain, gradually clearing. Then the rock, that Polyphemus had hurled, cracked open, and a tall green reed sprang from the fissure, and the mouth of a chamber in the rock echoed with leaping waters, and (a marvel) suddenly a youth stood, waist-deep in the water, his fresh horns wreathed with rushes. It was Acis, except that he was larger, and his face dark blue: yet it was still Acis, changed to a river-god, and his waters still retain his former name.
Bk XIII:898-968 Glaucus tells Scylla of his transformation
Galatea finished speaking and the group of Nereids went away, swimming through the placid waves. Scylla returned to the beach, not daring to trust herself to mid-ocean, and either wandered naked along the parched sand, or, when she was tired, found a remote, sheltered pool, and cooled her limbs in its enclosed waters.
See, Glaucus comes, skimming the water, a new inhabitant of the sea, his form recently altered, at Anthedon opposite Euboea. Seeing the girl, he stood still, desiring her, and said whatever he thought might stop her running away. Nevertheless she ran, and, with the swiftness of fear, came to the top of a mountain standing near the shore. It faced the wide sea, rising to a single peak, its wooded summit leaning far out over the water. Here she stopped, and from a place of safety, marvelled at his colour; the hair that hid his shoulders and covered his back; and his groin below that merged into a winding fish’s tail; she not knowing whether he was god or monster.
He saw her, and, leaning on a rock that stood nearby, he said: ‘Girl, I am no freak or wild creature, but a god of the sea. Proteus, Triton, or Palaemon son of Athamas, have no greater power in the ocean. Mortal once, but no doubt destined for the deep, even then I worked the waves: now drawing in the drag nets full of fish, now sitting on a rock, casting, with rod and line.
There is a beach, bounded by a green field, one side bordered by sea, the other by grass, that horned cattle have not damaged by grazing, that placid sheep or shaggy goats have not cropped. No bees intent on gathering pollen plundered the flowers there; no garlands came from there for the heads of revellers; no one had ever mown it, scythe in hand. I was the first to sit there on the turf, drying my sea-soaked lines, and laying out in order the fish I had caught, to count them, that either chance or innocence had brought to my curved hook. This will sound like a tale, but what would I get from lying? Touching the grass, my catch began to stir, and shift about, and swim over land as if they were in the sea. While I hesitated and wondered, the complete shoal fled into their native waters, leaving behind their new master, their new land.
I stood dumbfounded, for a while not believing it, searching for the cause. Had some god done it, or the juice of some herb? “Yet what herb has such power?” I asked, and gathering some herbage in my hand, I bit what I had gathered with my teeth. My throat had scarcely swallowed the strange juice, when suddenly I felt my heart trembling inside me, my breast seized with yearning for that other element. Unable to hold out for long, crying out: “Land, I will never return to, goodbye!” I immersed my body in the sea.
The gods of the sea received me, thinking me worth the honour of their company, and asked Oceanus and Tethys to purge what was mortal in me. I was purified by them, and, cleansed of sin by an incantation nine times repeated, they ordered me to bathe my body in a hundred rivers. Immediately streams from every side poured their waters over my head. So much I can tell of you of those marvellous things, so much of them I remember: then my mind knew no more. When later I came to, my whole body was altered from what I was before, and my mind was not the same.
Then I saw, for the first time, this dark green beard, my hair that sweeps the wide sea, these giant shoulders and dusky arms, these legs that curve below into a fish’s fins. Yet what use is this shape, or that I was pleasing to the ocean gods? What use is it to be a god, if these things do not move you?’ | <urn:uuid:1c341b71-1270-47c1-a2f2-3a69e33456ff> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/Latin/Metamorph13.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00356-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978584 | 14,358 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Search America's historic newspaper pages from 1789-1924 or use the U.S. Newspaper Directory to find information about American newspapers published between 1690-present. Chronicling America is sponsored jointly by the
National Endowment for the Humanities and the Library of Congress. external link Learn more
Image provided by: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library, Urbana, IL
Newspaper Page Text
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THE GREAT LEPINE TELLS;HOW HE SOLVED
HUMBERT $20,000,000 SWINDLE CASE
THE DAY BOOK
An Adless Daily Newspaper
N. D. Cochran,
Editor and Publisher.
500. South Peoria St.
Tel. Monroe 353.
By Mail, 50 Cents a Month.
VOL.3, NO. 13 Chicago, Monday, Oct 13, 1913
WOMAN TEARS LINING OUT OF THE
UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT
Mrs. Harriete Taylor Treadwell at Meeting of Chicago
Political Equality League Says She'd Abolish Highest
Courts Because They're Courts of Law Instead f
of "Justice Hands Politiciansa Wallop,
The, old and newpolitical spirits met last night and the new, in the form
of woman, dear ofsbrain,"'emerged triumphant. '
It was Mrs. Harriette Taylor Treadwell, president of the Chicago Politi
cal Equality Leaguewho sang the new battle cry. Her attack was leveled
at that hidebound "institution, the Supreme Court.
It was something' that oth,er, people have been trying to say for years,
but only at the risk of being branded "anarchists." But coming from this
woman, so important under the new equal .suffrage law, the old bosses1 were
.forced to listen and wince. v-
"I would have the Supreme Courts of the nation abolished as being
courts -of law, and not of justice," cried Mrs. Treadwell, and a wave of aa
tonishment passed over the room.
The representatives of the old order of things squirmed in their seats.
Here before them was a speaker that their shrewd political wisdom told
them they couldn't attack. For this was a woman. A woman whom they
couM brand as an apostle of Socialism. And she was striking them in an
extremely vital place. -
Her speech was made before a large audience at the Auditorium Hotel,
much too large to suit those1 dyed-in-the-wool politicians.
"I believe," saidMrs. Treadwell, "that there should be no Supreme
Court of Illinois, or of "the United States. They are courts of law, not o
.-.At --.-. fty-jgjjSEiiig | <urn:uuid:892e31c3-1514-44ea-b4e1-dd759f98c73f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045487/1913-10-13/ed-1/seq-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00020-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935241 | 619 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Confined Space Operations
A confined space operation is one which is both enclosed, or largely enclosed, and which also has a reasonably foreseeable risk to workers of fire, explosion, loss of consciousness, asphyxiation or drowning.
It may be small and restrictive for the worker or it could be far larger such as a grain storage silo with hundreds of cubic metre capacity.
Ven-Tech Subsea personnel are skilled confined space divers with recognized certification and extensive experience in underwater inspection, maintenance and repair works. We carry out underwater construction, inspection, demolition and repair work on structures of varying sizes, locations and conditions.
Our divers are equipped with the latest construction tools and technology and backed by knowledge and ongoing training. We have an impressive track record in timber, concrete and steel construction and assembly as well as demolition and repairs. We employ a team of specialised underwater wet welding professionals with focus on standard compliance and safety.
Ven-Tech Subsea serves the Government/ Public Work Sectors, Oil & Gas Sectors, Mining Sectors, Industrial Sectors, Building and Construction Sectors, Environmental Sectors, Personal Assets and etc. | <urn:uuid:4fe7133f-112a-47b7-b50d-92c8e049341f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ven-techsubsea.ca/confined-space-operations/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.928674 | 230 | 2.296875 | 2 |
RCP : Install Eclipse Plugins Fedora
Installing Eclipse onto Fedora 14 - X86_64
- Start with a clean install of Fedora 14, preferably from a live CD. For my examples I used the 64 bit edition.
- When the install is complete, open a terminal window and run yum update to bring your system up to date. You may have to reboot once this is done.
- Install Eclipse (Helios 3.6.1) with the command yum groupinstall "Fedora Eclipse".
- That's it! You can now use Eclipse to build C, C++ or Java programs.
RCP stands for "Rich Client Platform" which defines the minimal set of plugins required to build rich clients. So, what are "rich clients"? Well, rich clients are the compliment to thin clients. Recall that thin clients refer to web-based applications where most of the work is done on the server. Rich clients then are highly interactive, graphical applications that are deployed to the client machine.
The two components of the Rich Client Platform we'll be using in this course are the Standard Widget Toolkit (SWT) and JFace. JFace is a UI toolkit with classes for handling many common UI programming tasks.
Checking What's Already Installed
SWT (Standard Widget Toolkit) should now be installed. If you look in the directory /usr/lib64/eclipse you should see links to several SWT libraries. Here's what I get when I do a directory listing:
[selmys@f14 eclipse]$ ls about_files libswt-atk-gtk-3655.so notice.html about.html libswt-awt-gtk-3655.so p2 artifacts.xml libswt-cairo-gtk-3655.so plugins buildscripts libswt-glx-gtk-3655.so readme configuration libswt-gnome-gtk-3655.so startup.jar dropins libswt-gtk-3655.so swt-gtk-3.6.1.jar eclipse libswt-pi-gtk-3655.so swt-gtk-3.6.jar eclipse.ini libswt-xpcominit-gtk-3655.so swt.jar epl-v10.html libswt-xulrunner-gtk-3655.so features links [selmys@f14 eclipse]$
JFace should also be installed. You can verify this by listing the /usr/lib64/eclipse/plugins directory. Here you'll see the jface JAR files.
org.eclipse.jface_3.6.1.M20100825-0800.jar org.eclipse.jface.databinding_1.4.0.I20100601-0800.jar org.eclipse.jface.text_3.6.1.r361_v20100825-0800.jar
Installing SWT Examples
There are many SWT examples which you can examine and run. These are not already installed. You can install them from inside Eclipse Helios by doing the following.
- Open the main update manager by clicking Help > Install New Software.... This opens the Install Wizard.
- Select The Eclipse Project Updates site.
- Ensure Group items by category is unchecked.
- Type "Eclipse SDK Examples" in the search field.
- Select "Eclipse SDK Examples" and click Next.
- Review the items being installed, and click Next.
- Review and accept the license terms, and click Finish.
You can run any of the examples by doing the following:
- From Eclipse's Window menu, select Show View > Other
- In the Show View dialog, expand SWT Examples and select the SWT Example Launcher view
- Select an example from the list and click on the Run button. | <urn:uuid:01d39033-aeac-423c-a50a-4de1c4ba3d9d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/wiki/RCP_:_Install_Eclipse_Plugins_Fedora | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.801907 | 843 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Wastewater, both blackwater (toilet and kitchen sink) and greywater (hand basin, laundry and bath) is 99% water. Traditional wastewater treatment works (WWTW) dispose treated effluent to water courses (rivers and the sea) as wasted water whilst upstream applications such as flushing toilets and irrigation still use potable water. The same rivers form part of the raw water sources where water is drawn from for purification to produce potable water.
According to the 2017 UN World Water Development Report, Wastewater: The Untapped Resource. “On average, high-income countries treat about 70% of the municipal and industrial wastewater they generate. That ratio drops to 38% in upper middle-income countries and to 28% in lower middle-income countries. In low-income countries, only 8% undergoes treatment of any kind. These estimates support the often-cited approximation that, globally, over 80% of all wastewater is discharged without treatment.”
World Bank ranks South Africa as the upper middle-income country. Therefore, on average only 38% of wastewater is treated in South Africa and the 62% balance is discharged untreated or partially treated to rivers or to the sea. This results in contamination of our water sources; Vaal River is one of the examples. In July 2017 Mail & Guardian ran a story “50 000 litres of sewage flow into SA’s rivers every second” where it says approximately 60 out of 864 (only 7%) wastewater treatment plants work effectively in South Africa.
On the other hand, South Africa is currently facing water scarcity challenges where some parts of the country have no water at all. This calls for all of us to think about water differently and save water wherever we can, reusing wastewater is the most sustainable and affordable way of saving water. During the drought in Cape Town there were talks to even consider desalination plants, desalination is an extremely expensive technology and it cannot be used at the same time where wastewater is being disposed and wastewater reuse levels are very low. We need to start with reusing wastewater optimally and only as a last resort consider expensive technologies such as desalination.
On water and sanitation, The Sustainable Infrastructure Development Symposium South Africa (SIDSSA) held on 23 June 2020 says, “A concerted and focussed effort is required from both the public and private sector to achieve a water secure South Africa”. This is one of those efforts.
Schools sanitation is also a challenge, according to the Water Research Commission “National Education Infrastructure Management System (NEIMS) report for January 2018 indicates that 8 702 schools countrywide have pit latrines, which are ‘not allowed at schools’ according to the Norms and Standards for School Infrastructure regulations, published in November 2013. Although most of these schools have other types of toilets too, 1 426 of the Eastern Cape’s 5 393 schools have only pit latrines (37 are reported to have no sanitation facilities at all), and a similar situation exists in KwaZulu-Natal.”
A division of Ben Peta Investment Holdings (Pty) Ltd. Reg. No. 2017/340936/07
South Africa is the 39th driest country in the world, out of 182 countries. With the current rainfall patterns, where there is no adequate replenishment of groundwater even boreholes can run dry.
Our Sustainable Wastewater Solution recovers the 99% water in wastewater that is currently being disposed, prevents contamination of water resources by untreated wastewater, provides much needed sanitation in our schools and saves potable water. The saved potable water can be channelled to areas where it is much needed.
Ben Peta Green Materials supplies onsite wastewater treatment plants to produce non-potable water (“green water”) for reuse, we are part of a network that has built more than 250 of these plants in 9 countries in Africa since 2010. In our view disposal of wastewater is a wasted resource and a missed opportunity to preserve our freshwater resources.
THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT (WWTP)
The technology is a USA technology, the Clarus Fusion® Wastewater Treatment Plant. Most components of this plant are manufactured in Vanrhynsdorp, outside Cape Town South Africa and only the ‘IP part’ of the technology and the media inside the vessel is imported.
Thousands different sized units are manufactured and installed globally every year. 273 installations have been done in 9 countries in Africa since 2010 through our local supplier Maskam Water, with the majority being in South Africa. Clarus and Maskam Water give technical support from design stages right through to the installation and for the lifespan of the plant.
Clarus Fusion has the following features:
• Clarus Fusion is a factory-built activated sludge wastewater treatment plant. It follows the exact same treatment process as the municipal activated sludge plants, including denitrification and phosphates reduction. It is NOT a typical package plant.
• It is easy to install, easy to maintain and can be retrofitted into existing sewer infrastructure.
• It is low on operating cost (in most cases less than 10% energy use compared to other WWTP’s available). Only requires an air-pump to operate, which is the only piece of equipment that requires power, hence the low running cost (reducing carbon footprint). Due to this feature, solar connection to the plant is feasible because of small solar infrastructure required.
• Low noise factor – the air pump’s noise output is low.
• All the treatment happens in a single compartmented vessel.
• Quality of the effluent conforms to Department of Water and Sanitation minimum discharge standards.
• Can withstand low flows (even no flows) and peak flows.
• It is modular, treatment capacity can be increased by adding more modules, thus no redesign of the entire plant infrastructure is required if treatment capacity needs to be increased.
• Treatment capacity can be decreased by removing modules and reuse these modules at other sites, should there be a need for this (for example, construction sites).
• Maintenance is done every six months and takes one hour per module. There is no shutdown of the plant required during maintenance.
Typical infrastructure required for the wastewater treatment plant, depending on site conditions and what is available is:
• A pre-screen to assure that inorganic waste (rags, plastic bags, non-degradable materials, etc) do not enter the WWTP
• Grease trap – a suitably sized grease trap for the kitchen wastewater (non-domestic) to ensure that fats, oils and greases, that prohibits the workings of the plant, are removed.
• A splitter – to split the wastewater equally when multiple units are required.
• Disinfection of treated effluent
• Storage – usually underground by means of gravity on the smaller plants. Bigger plants do require more engineering as the storage capacity increase.
Optional and site-specific elements that may be required:
• Lifting pump stations – this is required when the underground infrastructure is not conducive for gravity feed into the WWTP. If the invert level of the sewer line at point of entry into the WWTP is more than 600mm, then a lifting pump station will be required. A lifting pump station will also be required if storage of the treated effluent is at a higher level.
• Further conditioning of treated effluent – it is always advisable to keep treated effluent aerobic. There are different options, dependant on the type of storage.
Available sizes and plant capacity calculation
Clarus Fusion is a modular system that comes in different modular sizes that can treat wastewater from one household up to treating wastewater for a community or business premises. The biggest size we have is ZF4000, which can treat up to 15 000L per day of both black and greywater combined. When more than 15KL of wastewater is generated per day a series of these units is installed in parallel to create the required treatment capacity. Installation can either be centralised or decentralised.
Table 1: Available plant sizes, treatment capacity, footprint and power consumption
The plants are compact they do not take a lot of space and are installed underground.
Plant capacity calculation is based on volume and organic strength of wastewater generated per day. Wastewater from a domestic environment will have a lower organic strength than that from a commercial environment, such as schools or office parks because of the high amount of greywater (laundry and bath) availability at homes. | <urn:uuid:d960a76b-0882-498c-8e5b-f9a7b8449a46> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://2nacheki.tv/sustainable-onsite-wastewater-solution-treated-effluent-is-disinfected-for-reuse-in-non-potable-water-applications/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.936193 | 1,762 | 3.5625 | 4 |
On the Information Uncertainty Risk and the January Effect
I provide a risk-based rational explanation for the seasonal regularity of January in stock returns by suggesting a common risk factor related to the information uncertainty caused by earnings volatility. When the two-factor model with the market risk factor and this common risk factor is used, there is a remarkable improvement in explaining the January effect. With the adjustment of raw returns for risk through this two-factor model, the systematic pattern in the residual returns across firm size disappears. This risk factor also dominates the other risk factors in explaining the cross section of stock returns in January.
When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ucp:jnlbus:v:79:y:2006:i:4:p:2127-2162. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: (Journals Division)
If references are entirely missing, you can add them using this form. | <urn:uuid:f03cf1b4-adf8-4548-81d3-bb416d149084> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://ideas.repec.org/a/ucp/jnlbus/v79y2006i4p2127-2162.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00077-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.903541 | 227 | 1.59375 | 2 |
A NEW York Times article says New Zealand's clean, green tourism branding is as "fantastical as dragons and wizards" and clashes with reality.
In the build-up to the release of The Hobbit film this month, Tourism New Zealand released Hobbit-themed advertisements promoting 100 per cent pure New Zealand, showing picturesque scenes of the country's bush and rivers.
But, according to a recent New York Times article, the images portrayed "might not be exactly warranted".
"There are almost two worlds in New Zealand," Mike Joy, a senior lecturer in environmental science at New Zealand's Massey University in Palmerston North, told the newspaper.
"There is the picture-postcard world, and then there is the reality."
Last month, the New Zealand environment ministry released a survey showing more than half the country's freshwater recreational sites were unsafe to swim in, largely due to the contamination by the dairy industry.
The New York Times article says the government was "desperate" to have The Hobbit filmed in New Zealand after the success of the Lord of the Rings trilogy, which pumped $NZ400 million ($A317 million) into the economy, through tourism, in 2004.
Pure Advantage, a nonprofit group promoting green business, estimates the country will overtake the United States in per capita emissions in less than eight years, putting it almost into the world's top 10.
Tourism New Zealand spokesman Gregg Anderson said the campaign was not misleading international tourists as it was never just about the environment, it was also about the experience.
Originally published asPicture-perfect Hobbit land a fantasy | <urn:uuid:57a0f0e8-77fd-4110-a46c-ce931efb5afa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/new-zealand-isnt-really-like-middle-earth-new-york-times/news-story/9c1c5c2e07b560107302fb7747127962 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00451-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948918 | 324 | 2.09375 | 2 |
|Titles||King of Gondor|
|Birth||T.A. 222 |
|Rule||T.A. 411 - 492 (81 years)|
|Death||T.A. 492 (aged 270)|
|House||House of Anárion|
|Gallery||Images of Ostoher|
Later, in T.A. 490, Gondor was invaded for the first time by Easterlings. Since Ostoher had become an old man his son Tarostar worked to defeat this threat. Tarostar succeeded, but not until T.A. 500, years after Ostoher's death.
Ostoher means "Fortress Lord" in Quenya.
Other Versions of the Legendarium
Ostoher's name was originally "Ostohir", which was changed to "Ostonir", and then finally "Ostoher" in the Second Edition of The Lord of the Rings.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "The Heirs of Elendil"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, "The Númenorean Kings", "The Realms in Exile", "The Southern Line: Heirs of Anarion"
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B, "The Third Age"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, "The Númenorean Kings", "Gondor and the Heirs of Anárion"
House of Anárion
|7th King of Gondor|
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Iowa legislators target books and teachers for upcoming session
Two Iowa Republican leaders said they want to pursue legislation that makes it a felony offense for school officials, including teachers, to provide "obscene materials" to students.
- Details of what is considered “obscene” material is unknown right now.
Why it matters: Prior to November's school board elections, community members in Iowa and across the country were pushing schools to remove certain books — many of which tackle issues of race and sexuality — from their shelves.
- But it appears state government intervention may be the next phase of banning literature.
Driving the news: Iowa Senate President Jake Chapman (R-Adel) posted on Facebook last month that he's pursuing legislation that penalizes teachers and librarians for providing what he views as "obscene material" in schools.
- The post follows a Johnston school district meeting he attended where a committee reviewed two controversial, award-winning books that deal with race: "The Hate U Give," and "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian," the Des Moines Register reports.
What he's saying: Chapman, who was accompanied by Republican state Sen. Brad Zaun of Urbandale, told committee members, "I don't know why the school thinks that they're above the law."
- "But I intend to do something about it," Chapman added.
Of note: Chapman and Zaun didn't respond to Axios' requests for comment.
Between the lines: The U.S. Supreme Court has already issued a three-part test on what is considered obscene materials.
- The vast majority of challenged books don't violate the court's guidelines.
The other side: "I think that the First Amendment would never allow us to go there," said Deborah Caldwell-Stone of the American Library Association.
- Even if the laws don't pass, the narrative can create a chilling effect for schools and libraries, leading them to self-censor books because they fear prosecution or stirring controversy.
- Some of the challenged books deal with race, sex and LGBTQ issues. While they may not be for all families, these are all relevant topics in some high schoolers lives and removing them can ostracize those students, Caldwell-Stone said.
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- Lincoln, Abraham ~ Papers ~ ca. 1850-1865
The complete Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress consist of approximately 20,000 documents which include incoming and outgoing correspondence and enclosures, drafts of speeches, and notes and printed material. Most of the items are from the 1850s through Lincoln's presidential years, 1860-65. Treasures include Lincoln's draft of the Emancipation Proclamation, his March 4, 1865, draft of his second Inaugural Address, and his August 23, 1864, memorandum expressing his expectation of being defeated for re-election in the upcoming presidential contest. The Lincoln Papers are characterized by a large number of correspondents, including friends and associates from Lincoln's Springfield days, well-known political figures and reformers, and local people and organizations writing to their president.The online version of the Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress offers access to the complete collection from the Library's Manuscript Division. This consists of approximately 20,000 items (61,000 pages) organized into three General Correspondence Series in the Lincoln Papers itself, and an additional three hundred Lincoln letters in other collections in the Manuscript Division. Most of the items are from the 1850s through Lincoln's presidential years, 1860-65. | <urn:uuid:d6b61de7-2e2e-4c23-8e45-74aedd0b9834> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://rs6.loc.gov/ammem/browse/ListAll.php?title=0&description=1&fl=L | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00036-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95508 | 288 | 2.734375 | 3 |
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This study could be repeated with a use of a larger x-ray plate to accommodate the size of the patient. During the investigation, it is also imperative that the patient does not move. The intensity of the radiation must be reduced, and the focus must be on the ureteropelvic junction since in 5 minutes…
Evaluation of radiological images is the key to an accurate medical diagnosis and hence bears significant importance in radiography. When a radiographer is required to image a particular organ, there must be certain procedures followed which would ensure the quality of the image. Otherwise, the quality of the image may be compromised in such a fashion that diagnosis from the image plate becomes either erroneous or impossible (Barten, 1999). Since evaluation of the radiographic image depends on visual appreciation of the apparent image on the radiographic plate, a good quality image would need to fulfill certain physical criteria for an accurate diagnostic yield, although some parts of it are contributed to by technical soundness of the process of imaging and some are contributed to by the factors essentially related to the patient. Whatever may be the reason, a poor image quality compromises the diagnostic yield, and in some cases, a reading or a diagnosis is not possible, where the radiographic plate needs to be rejected, and re-examination is mandated (Beutel et al., 2000). In this assignment, an evaluatory report of a radiographic image will be presented with a critical discussion about the reasons for it being discarded and a re-examination being recommended.
Criteria for Image Evaluation
While evaluating an image, it must be borne in mind that evaluation of image is dependent on human vision as related to the examiner. Since radiographic images are essentially black and white, it is to be considered that ideal white light has flat spectrum in which all wavelengths of lights are present. In practice white light sources approximates this property. ...
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GM debuts 2014 Stingray; direct injection, cylinder deactivation, CVVT contribute to more power and reduced fuel consumption
14 January 2013
|2014 Corvette Stingray. Click to enlarge.|
GM staged the debut of the all-new, 7th generation Chevrolet Corvette Stingray on the eve of the Detroit Auto Show. The 2014 Corvette Stingray is the most powerful standard model ever, with a new LT1 6.2L Small Block V8 delivering an estimated 450 hp (335 kW) and 450 lb-ft of torque (610 Nm). The new LT1 combines advanced technologies, including direct injection, Active Fuel Management (cylinder deactivation), continuously variable valve timing and an advanced combustion system that delivers more power while using less fuel.
The Stingray accelerates from 0-60 in less than four seconds and achieve more than 1g in cornering grip; it is also expected to be the most fuel-efficient Corvette, exceeding the EPA-estimated 26 mpg (9.05 l/100km) of the current model.
The all-new Corvette Stingray shares only two parts with the previous generation Corvette. It incorporates an all-new aluminum frame structure that is 57% stiffer and 99 pounds (45 kg) lighter than the current steel frame structure, as well as a new powertrain and supporting technologies. Highlights include:
2014 6.2L V-8 VVT DI (LT1) Direct Injection Fuel System for Chevrolet Corvette. Click to enlarge.
The new LT1 generates 50 lb-ft more low-end torque than the previous 6.2L engine, matching the 7.0L LS7 engine from the 2013 Corvette Z06 from 1,000 to 4,000 rpm.
The LT1 is backed by a choice of active exhaust systems that are less restrictive than the previous generation, due in part to an increase in diameter from 2.5 inches to 2.75 inches. The standard system offers a 13%improvement in airflow and features a pair of butterfly valves that contribute to greater refinement at cruising speeds when the engine is operating in fuel-saving V-4 mode.
An available dual-mode active exhaust system offers a 27% improvement in airflow. It features two additional valves that open to a lower-restriction path through the mufflers. When open, these valves increase engine performance and produce a more powerful exhaust note.
More than 10 million hours of computational analysis went into the new Small Block’s design, including more than 6 million hours alone on the combustion system.
The engine is paired with an industry-exclusive seven-speed manual transmission with Active Rev Matching for more precise up and down shifts.
Advanced driver technologies, including a five-position Drive Mode Selector that tailors 12 vehicle attributes to the fit the driver’s environment.
Lightweight materials, including a carbon fiber hood and removable roof panel; composite fenders, doors and rear quarter panels; carbon-nano composite underbody panels and the new aluminum frame help shift weight rearward for an optimal 50/50 weight balance that supports a world-class power-to-weight ratio.
use of composite materials, including carbon fiber the hood and roof panels, lightweight Sheet Molded Compound for the fenders, doors and rear quarter panels, and carbon-nano composite for the underbody panels help reduce the weight of the body by a 37 pounds (17 kg).
The greater torsional rigidity of the frame reduces unwanted noise and improves ride and handling.
An interior that includes carbon fiber, aluminum and hand-wrapped leather materials, two new seat choices—each featuring a lightweight magnesium frame for exceptional support—and dual eight-inch configurable driver/infotainment screens.
The new Corvette Stingray will be built at GM’s Bowling Green, Ky., assembly plant, which underwent a $131-million upgrade, including approximately $52 million for a new body shop to manufacture the aluminum frame in-house for the first time.
The 2014 Corvette Stingray coupe goes on sale in the third quarter of 2013.
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Resources for Educators
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This section contains a walkthrough of a variety of features within the eBook, such as annotations, text-to-speech, and bookmarking. It is intended to show students how to make the most of the eBook’s capabilities. Please note: eBook features and asset types will vary by title. | <urn:uuid:3da7c167-8b3c-4097-833d-96e012b9d86f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jblearning.com/blog/videos/2020/07/22/use-the-ebook | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.934597 | 77 | 2.3125 | 2 |
If ever a man might have lived without prayer, it was our spotless, perfect Lord, and yet no one ever prayed as much as He! His love for His Father was such that He loved to be in communion with Him. His love for His people was such that He desired to be regularly interceding for them.
The fact that Jesus placed such importance on prayer is a lesson for us—He has given us an example that we may follow in His steps. The time He chose was admirable—it was the hour of silence when the crowd would not disturb Him, the time of inaction when everyone else had stopped work, and the season when sleep made men forget their difficulties and stop applying to Him for relief. While others found rest in sleep, He refreshed Himself with prayer. The place was also well selected. He was alone where none would intrude, where none could observe: And so He was free from Pharisaic ostentation and vulgar interruption. Those dark and silent hills provided a suitable prayer chapel for the Son of God. Heaven and earth in midnight stillness heard the groans and sighs of the mysterious Being in whom both worlds were blended.
The continuance of His pleadings is remarkable: The passing hours were not too long; the cold wind did not chill His devotions; the grim darkness did not cloud His faith or loneliness prevent His persistence. We fail to watch with Him for one hour, but He never fails to watch for us night and day. The occasion for this prayer is notable; it was after His enemies had been enraged. Prayer was His refuge and solace; it was before He dispatched the twelve apostles. Prayer was the gate of His enterprise, the herald of His new work. Should we not learn from Jesus to resort to special prayer when we are under peculiar trial or considering new ventures for the Master's glory? Lord Jesus, teach us to pray.
Family Bible reading plan
verse 1 Amos 1
verse 2 Psalms 144
Click here to learn more about Truth For Life
From Morning & Evening revised and edited by Alistair Begg copyright © 2003. Used by permission of Crossway Books, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers, Wheaton, IL 60187, www.crossway.org. | <urn:uuid:311f4614-c29b-4616-89c4-8ebd6adbdd2f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.christianity.com/devotionals/truth-for-life-alistair-begg/truth-for-life-nov-12-2012.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00220-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972682 | 460 | 1.90625 | 2 |
This post is sponsored by Everywhere Agency on behalf of OshKosh B’gosh; however, all thoughts and opinions expressed are my own.
Do your kids have their own sense of style?
My five-year-old is becoming much more particular about his clothes these days. He knows what he likes and wants to show who he is through his own personal style. His style is something I can’t pick out for him, he craves the independence of defining it himself, so this year I had to learn how to step back while allowing him to navigate his own choices in clothing. My best friend’s daughter is exactly the same so it is not just the boys that start to carve out their own sense of style either. Just the other day my friend told me that she caught her daughter carrying her fake Louis Vuitton wallet around the house! My friend has quite a few replica purses alongside a few genuine designer pieces, and it looks like her daughter has inherited her passion for fashion! Anyway, here are a few things I’ve learned about supporting my child’s personal style:
1. Bring them Shopping
While it is so much easier to shop on my own, I realized I needed to respect my son’s input on the clothes he would be wearing. Even if your kid doesn’t like shopping, you could even do an online shop on a website like Ezibuy.com. It might thinks a little easier! To make things simple for me, though, I headed to one store instead of several. OshKosh B’gosh had everything we needed (including great back-to-school shoes!)
Tip: Use the OshKosh B’gosh website to choose clothes and pick them up in the store ahead of time. Kids can still be involved in choosing from the wide variety of styles online! Use the exclusive coupon code: OKBG3352 for extra savings!
2. Provide Some Guidelines
Part of letting kids discover their own style is helping them understand what is practical versus what is fun. Go through the school dress code together and help them understand that some styles might be fun for home (like awesome shark tank tops), but there are guidelines that we must follow at school (i.e. covered shoulders). Encourage them to express themselves within those guidelines. Brainstorm new ways to express themselves within the guide of their school dress codes (like layering a button up shirt on top of a tank as a stylish alternative).
3. Teach them how to match (then step back)
I’ve taken a few minutes to point out some matching basics (jeans match everything, look for similar colors to pair together, patterned shirts should go with solid bottoms, etc.), but after that, it’s all up to my son to put it together. Somedays he is super proud to show me how he matched colors, and other days he wants to wear red shorts with a green shirt (hello, Christmas colors). I try to respect both as he navigates his own style.
Tip: If your kids are having trouble choosing outfits, they can always look at the outfit guide on the OshKosh B’gosh website. There are lots of outfits styled for every taste!
4. Support their interests and let it show in their clothes
My son likes things loud and fast (just like him!) So when it comes to picking out clothes, he wants shirts that reflect him. Dinosaurs, jets, and super heroes naturally make his approved list of things to wear 🙂
5. Have fun with shoes, too!
While I am in favor of gray colored shoes (they match everything), my son really wanted maroon ones. I absolutely LOVE his choice and he even ended up choosing a second gray pair as well. I’m glad I stepped back and let him lead because now he’s actually excited about putting his shoes on in the morning!
Do you give your kids freedom to develop a personal style? It’s fun to sit back and watch them show their personalities through their clothing choices!
Visit your nearest OshKosh B’gosh store to see all the new styles they have available this back-to-school season! | <urn:uuid:db0cf849-2a68-4c78-99b8-c8f12e0c5803> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://playteachrepeat.com/5-ways-support-childs-personal-style/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.971547 | 876 | 2.171875 | 2 |
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Word Count: 1,334
The US Is an Overweight Country Obesity is a condition of being significantly overweight Obesity is having an excess amount of body fat In todays economy there is a high percentage of obesity The population of obese people is rising every year not only are adults becoming obese but it is becoming a big problem in the youth of today Obesity effects the way of life that one lives What is obesity Obesity is men who are 25 percent body fat and women with more than 30 percent body fat WIN In scientific terms obesity occurs when a person consumes more calories than he or she burns A persons body fat is weighed by being put underwater or to use and X-ray test called dual energy X-ray absorptiometry Other ways are by measuring the thickness of the layer of fat just under the skin and sending a harmless amount of electricity through a persons body Doctors also use weight over height tables for other means of diagnosing obesity Over the past few years doctors have been using a thing called body mass index BMI to measure overweight and obesity BMI uses a mathematical formula based on the persons height and weight BMI equals weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared BMIkgm20 A person with a BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese WIN Obesity is caused by several different things depending on the person Overweight and obesity result from an energy imbalance which involves eating to many calories and not getting enough physical activity Nutrition The factors that cause obesity are genetic environmental psychological and other factors may all play a part WIN Genes do not destine people to a lifetime of obesity however the environment they live in strongly influences obesity This includes lifestyle behaviors such as what a person eats and their level of physical activity One of the biggest environmental contributors to obesity is fast food WIN Since food
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Why 'profit' is wrong (and the right financial metric to be chasing)Mar 16, 2021
Accounting is the language of practical business life…but you have to know enough about it to understand its limitations – because although accounting is the starting place, it’s only a crude approximation. And it’s not very hard to understand its limitations. – Warren Buffett
Profit is often perceived as a dirty word in business. The connotations of the term ‘profit’ are often of selfishness, greed, capitalism, finite thinking.
The most successful entrepreneurs preach that all businesses should be driven by purpose, not profit. To make the world a better place, to improve the lives of others.
Humans need a narrative to tell themselves. A story to inspire them to get out of bed every morning. A company should thus be mission-led, guided with purpose, meaning and aspiration. Not about making stacks of money.
“our mission is to be the world’s most profitable company”
Not exactly inspiring, would you agree?
Whilst I agree with this rhetoric (I wouldn’t be human if I didn’t), following this advice literally can be dire. The reality is that, without profit, your business is a charity. To create an enterprise, an organisation that outlives its founders, you need capital. Relying on VCs and bank financing is not a long-term business strategy. The only way to be self-sufficient is to generate your own capital.
Capital, in the form of profit.
So it begs the question – what is profit?
What is profit?
The mixed connotations of the word ‘profit’ equally translates to the finance world.
In finance-speak, Profit is referred to as many things:
- EBIT (earnings before interest and tax)
- EBITDA (earnings before interest, tax and depreciation)
- NPBT (Net Profit before tax)
- NPAT (Net Profit after tax)
- Net Profit
All these variants are calculated differently and mean different things. When trying to understand your financial position, using these terms interchangeably can be deadly.
Why 'profit' is misleading
When meeting new business owners and entrepreneurs about their finances, the subject of discussion is almost always about the bottom line. Profit.
Where is it? How can I make more?
I cringe when people talk about Profit. Not because it’s a dirty word. But rather, because it’s simply the wrong metric to be looking at.
It is not the best metric to give you a complete and clear view of your financial performance.
Why? Because it is often manipulated.
Your expenses aren't 'real'
If you’re in the 98% of the businesses that turnover less than $10m of annual revenue, chances are your ‘accounting profit’ is misleading. Your savvy tax accountant has probably given you advice to deduct some personal expenses in your business, like the family car, some home office rent. She has probably recommended some ‘tax adjustments’ to your accounts so that your Director’s compensation is based on tax brackets, rather than market salaries.
When evaluating the financial health of a business, financial analysts will often make adjustments to the accounts to ‘normalise them’. The purpose of this is to remove the effects of unusual revenue and expenses, in order to understand a company’s true profit from its normal operations.
Most small business accounts are prepared for tax purposes, not commercial purposes. These normalisation adjustments can have a significant impact on ‘profit’.
Let’s take an example:
In the above example, the EBITDA reported in the profit and loss was $510,000. After normalising this profit for market value Director salaries and rent, the true EBITDA value is $250,000. This 10% difference to ‘profit’ made a $1M difference to the company valuation.
Are you constantly asking yourself why your profit never equates to the cash in your bank account?
Chances are your cash is tied up in ‘Working Capital’. Working Capital equates to balances like Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable and Inventory.
The problem with profit is that it doesn’t consider the cashflow impacts of working capital – like the GST and PAYG you owe to the ATO, or the investment of stock you purchased in preparation for Christmas sales.
This is particularly misleading for Startups trying to understand their ‘burn rate’. Most founders look at EBITDA as a measure to understand their monthly burn. The problem is that EBITDA doesn’t factor these cashflow items.
Capital Expenditure or CAPEX is the amount spent to acquire or improve a long-term asset such as equipment or buildings. Manufacturing businesses, for example, have high amounts of CAPEX as they need to maintain equipment and machinery to sell their product. Capital expenditure is capitalised on the balance sheet and only impacts ‘profit’ via Depreciation.
Depreciation rates are often set by a vanilla table established by the Tax Office, or self-assessed by Management. Just because these rates are ‘neat figures’, it doesn’t mean the ATO necessarily knows the useful life of a hydro combustion engine, as an example. It has its flaws.
As ‘Depreciation’ is a non-cash, intangible cost, it’s often ignored by most business owners. The reality is, depreciation is a real cost to the business.
Albeit it an inaccurate one.
Finding 'what is true'
The great irony of accounting
The ancient Mesopotamians first invented accounting to document ‘what is true’.
The irony is that traditional accounting is taking us further and further away from the truth. New accounting standards are invented every day, which is making financial statements more complex for laymen, (and accountants!) to understand.
So what is true?
“revenue is vanity, profit is sanity, cash is reality”
So if profit is misleading, what is real?
Well, what we know for certain is our bank account balance. How much cash I have to pay the bills.
Unfortunately, exclusively looking at your bank account is not a sure way of understanding if you’re profitable.
Entrepreneurs should, therefore, monitor a Frankenstein metric that considers both accounting profit and cashflow.
This metric is Free Cashflow.
Free cashflow: the true metric of financial performance
Free cashflow (FCF) measures the company’s ability to generate cash from its business operations, after accounting for capital expenditures.
It’s calculated as Earnings Before Interest and Tax, less net change in working capital, less capital expenditure.
Free cashflow may be a foreign concept, but it is a metric commonly used by financial analysts when evaluating company performance. For example, Billionaire investor Warren Buffett uses a modified calculation of free cashflow to assess investments. It’s a metric used by financial analysts because it gives a clearer view of a company’s ability to generate cash and profits.
Unlike profit, it’s much harder to manipulate cash flow.
Free cashflow leaves clues
The primary benefit of assessing free cashflow is that it provides clues on how to improve business performance. For example, as Free Cashflow considers working capital movement, drilling into the components of this balance can help us understand what changes we can make to unlock cash.
In this example, although the company made an accounting profit of $510,000, it only generated $150,000 of free cashflow. A total of $350,000 of cash is tied up in working capital, which suggests the company can look to increase cashflow by:
- Reducing accounts receivable days; and
- Improving their inventory cycle so they hold less stock.
So why is free cashflow uncommon to measure?
It is highly unlikely Free cashflow is reported in your financial statements or monthly board report. Why? Because it’s not required. The majority of financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting standards and the tax office. They are prepared and designed by rational robots. i.e accountants, and not designed for humans.
In other words, traditional financial statements are not designed to help entrepreneurs understand their finances.
We’re on a mission to change this.
So, next time you sit down with your accountant to review your financial position, stop and ask to assess your free cashflow position. It’ll give you a more accurate picture of your financial position and shine a light on how to improve it.
Get a free module from the Financial Management for Founders course.
Get a taste for what you're in for with the 'No-BS' Guide to Financial Statements module. | <urn:uuid:4e82c32c-63a3-4ccc-b712-4910b4ce4688> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.starknakednumbers.com/blog/Why%20Profit%20Is%20Wrong | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.939962 | 1,879 | 2.140625 | 2 |
“Being less bad is not good.” This is a major theme of Cradle to Cradle, written by architect William McDonough and former Greenpeace chemist Dr. Michael Braungart back in 2002.
The book arrived like a tidal wave on the green movement and exposed the categorical deficiencies and uselessness of tags like, “reduce, reuse, recycle.” The problem highlighted in the 2002 book is not that we need to simply damage the environment less but, even worse, we lack the entrepreneurial creativity and innovation to design products that actually make the natural world better after their initial use. Eleven years later, McDonough and Braungart move the conversation forward and provide a framework to think differently in their new book, The Upcycle: Beyond Sustainability—Designing For Abundance.
There isn’t space here to review the entire book but the introduction and first chapter alone are enough to challenge the ongoing hegemonic perspective that sees human action as an environmental liability rather than seeing human action, as McDonough and Braungart suggests, as an asset to the flourishing of all life. First, the authors challenge readers to see the world as space teaming with abundance instead of finite resources. Just as plant and animal waste are actually complimentary nutrients in an ecosystem we should begin to think creatively about how the by-products of our manufacturing processes can become “technical nutrients” to other processes. Human action creates opportunities for positive cultivation.
Second, the authors explain that government regulations signal that a product is not designed well. Government regulations will not be needed if the by-products of our manufacturing processes and consumer product usage actually makes a positive contribution to natural ecosystems. Government regulations do not foster innovation and only encourage us to be “less bad.” Minimizing negative impact, “is insufficient as a strategy because it encourages us to stick with what is poorly designed–just to try to do less of it,” the authors note. With more innovation, “government regulations drop away when there are no ill effects to minimize.” We can do better than being “less bad.”
Third, human activity adds to the flourishing of the natural world. Humans are not mere consumers of nature but we contribute to its flourishing through our creative stewardship. We need to stop believing the prevailing green movement rhetoric that humans need to leave a smaller footprint in nature. Since humans are creative and innovative we need to think about leaving a much larger and intentional footprint for generations to come. For example, the authors note, saving water and energy has less and less to do with being positively environmental in terms of human action adding to the flourishing of the natural world. Conserving doesn’t make things better.
Finally, we need to avoid the trappings of the what McDonough and Braungart call “ecologism.” The authors define this as “the strident metrics and mandates intended to “help” the environment that do not actually support ecologies or commerce.” We see ecologism, for example, in America’s recycling industry and programs. They are neither beneficial to nature, because they are manufacturing processes themselves and can be harmful to the environment, nor do they move the economy forward. McDonough and Braungart observe,
Even though environmental efforts are often well-meaning, ecologism can be tyrannical: Its laws may only mandate that we save energy and water, minimizing the negative effects of poor design—in other words, ‘green-washing’ the dirty laundry a bit.” Under this dictatorship of ecologism, we see more codes and standardization, more regulation that stunts economic growth and incentive, more limiting of consumer choices. . .[in extremes] only saving resources would matter and quality of life would be secondary.
The prevailing green movement has totally bought into ecologism and so have many religious leaders because they view human persons primarily as the cause of environmental degradation rather than human persons as reservoirs of environmental sustainability. Some readers will be surprised to find that former President Bill Clinton writes the forward for the book because he gets it: being less bad is not good and ever-expanding government regulations will not get us there. What is needed are the economic and political conditions that encourage entrepreneurs and designers to redesign how we make things.
In the end, McDonough and Braunhart hope to move us beyond thinking of humans as sources of negative footprints and promote the human population explosion “as a success story.” That is, with more people in the world we have an even greater opportunity “to put forth a design model based on thriving people sharing the present with the future.” Human flourishing is for the flourishing of all life. | <urn:uuid:710cecbc-7f1e-48ab-9383-876eb6934fbe> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blog.acton.org/archives/57929-human-action-a-positive-environmental-footprint.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00522-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946863 | 979 | 2.875 | 3 |
To further your audience’s understanding of the business data you are presenting, it is crucial to use business graphs in your presentation. It gives a quantitative analysis to your framework and your data and explains quickly and clearly the complex information you are presenting.
But sometimes, the challenge is to find the exact business graph to best use for your presentation. Let us examine the most common ones and which are the best suited for your type of information.
Histograms are useful when you want to summarize large data sets graphically and you don’t want to confuse them with all the numbers and statistics. It is also useful when you want to compare measurements to specifications; for example, whether the current new process has improved the production of goods in the factory. Lastly, histograms can be a powerful tool to help in the decision making process, since the data is presented in a clear-cut manner, without all the pesky little details that serve as “white noise”.
Bar charts can be divided into two categories. Vertical bar charts work when you have less than five data points and you want to emphasize quantity over a certain period of time. Horizontal bars are best used when you want to show the highest profit, the lowest interest rate, or the most products sold, or you want to rank variables from largest to smallest.
When you’re talking about percentages, portions or shares, a pie graph is the best way to go. However, when you are presenting scientific or technical data, it is not recommended since it’s hard to compare different sections of a pie chart or across different pie charts
When you want to show a growth, decline or a trend over a long period of time and with more than five data points, line graphs are the best way to go. The slope of the line will show the audience at one glance the direction of the data you are presenting
So given the definitions and examples, it is now time to choose which business graph will best suit your presentation. | <urn:uuid:40cbae27-8c45-49c5-a032-9dd471ab8f65> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://graphs.net/graph-presentation.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00018-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931219 | 406 | 2.5625 | 3 |
We are in an era of radical distrust of public education. Increasingly, we turn to standardized tests and standardized curricula-now adopted by all fifty states-as our national surrogates for trust.
Legendary school founder and reformer Deborah Meier believes fiercely that schools have to win our faith by showing they can do their job. But she argues just as fiercely that standardized testing is precisely the wrong way to that end. The tests themselves, she argues, cannot give the results they claim. And in the meantime, they undermine the kind of education we actually want.
In this multilayered exploration of trust and schools, Meier critiques the ideology of testing and puts forward a different vision, forged in the success stories of small public schools she and her colleagues have created in Boston and New York. These nationally acclaimed schools are built, famously, around trusting teachers-and students and parents-to use their own judgment.
Meier traces the enormous educational value of trust; the crucial and complicated trust between parents and teachers; how teachers need to become better judges of each others’ work; how race and class complicate trust at all levels; and how we can begin to ’scale up’ from the kinds of successes she has created.
“A rich, nuanced reflection on trust and schooling that examines trust’s many layers. . . . A terrific, important book.” -Mike Rose, author of Possible Lives>
“A passionate, jargon-free plea for a rerouting of educational reform, sure to energize committed parents, progressive educators and maybe even a politician or two.” -Publishers Weekly
“Listen carefully to Deborah Meier’s In Schools We Trust: She speaks to the heart of a school-and of democracy itself.” -Theodore R. Sizer, author of Horace’s Compromise and founder of the Coalition of Essential Schools. | <urn:uuid:794dab97-9e73-4dfb-99b7-b9bef958dfaa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.beacon.org/In-Schools-We-Trust-P289.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00080-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957423 | 392 | 2.53125 | 3 |
C. MATTHEW HAWKINS
It feels like Deja Vu: B-PEP is calling for a moratorium on the demolition of housing in low-income neighborhoods and Bill Peduto, the likely next mayor of the City of Pittsburgh, wants the city to have more arrows in its quiver, for urban development, than simply demolishing abandoned properties. Actually this question of whether to re-hab or demolish housing has been a point of controversy for at least 30 years.
From 1986 through 1988 I was the associate director of Homewood Brushton Revitalization and Development Corporation (HBRDC). During the late 1990s I was on the board of directors of the Pittsburgh Partnership for Neighborhood Development (PPND) and from 2001-2004 I worked as a consultant for PPND, the Hill CDC and other development entities that were at the center of the this controversy.
Back in the 1980s there was a lot of bad blood between HBRDC and Operation Better Block (OBB). The question of what to do with abandoned housing in Homewood was one of several issues at the core of that conflict. OBB wanted to demolish the housing in Homewood and we wanted to preserve and re-hab it. The Hill District was experiencing similar conflicts with neighborhood groups during this period. There were reasonable arguments for both approaches.
We used to argue that Homewood and the Hill District had a unique and sturdy housing stock that could not be replicated, without extraordinary costs, by current developers. We argued that we needed to preserve this housing stock because it was part of the competitive edge that the city could offer over newer developments in the suburbs. We also argued that demolition was leaving the inner-city looking like an urban moonscape and it was creating a shortage of affordable housing in the city. Many residents in Homewood and the Hill District saw what was happening as being part what they suspected was a long-term strategy of gentrification, forcing people to move out of Pittsburgh neighborhoods and into what was rapidly becoming a deteriorating climate in the post-industrial Mon Valley. | <urn:uuid:553aa1b4-149c-455f-9a12-11a875dee37b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://newpittsburghcourieronline.com/2013/05/25/rehabilitation-or-demolition-which-path-for-homewood-and-hill-district-community-development/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00006-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984287 | 424 | 1.78125 | 2 |
1976 was a good year for text editors. At MIT, Richard Stallman and Guy Steele wrote the first version of Emacs. And over at Berkeley, Bill Joy wrote vi (though it wouldn’t be called that for a few years yet).
It’s reductionist to say that these two editors were each built around one big idea, but what the hell, let’s be reductionist. Because what stands out in 2014, looking at modern editors like Sublime Text and Atom, is how Emacs’ big idea has been thoroughly learned — and how vi’s big idea hasn’t.
Emacs and Extensibility
Emacs’ big idea was that it could be modified and extended cleanly. The functionality of the editor is defined in a library of commands, which are then bound to particular keystrokes. So there might be a save-buffer command bound to C-x C-s, a kill-region command bound to C-w, and so on.
If you don’t like those key mappings you can change them — go ahead and make kill-region be C-k if you want. And you can do more than just change mappings: If you want additional functionality, you can just write your own functions in the same language as the built-in functions (Lisp, in the case of GNU Emacs). The editor’s UI is almost infinitely malleable, and can be mutated to any purpose you desire.
If this sounds a bit commonplace, it’s because Emacs’ big idea has been widely influential and extensibility is today a standard feature in any serious editor. Sublime Text uses Python instead of Lisp, and Atom uses Coffeescript, but the fundamentals of commands and keymaps are built in to the core. Even Vim has absorbed Emacs’ extensibility: Vim script can define new functions, which can be mapped to command keystrokes.
Vi and Composability
Vi’s big idea hasn’t been nearly as influential.
Vi is fundamentally built on command composability. It favors small, general-purpose commands that can be combined with objects to compose larger commands. By contrast, Emacs and its philosophical descendants (including Sublime Text and Atom) use monolithic, special-purpose commands.
Let’s say that you want to move the cursor forward a word, to the end of the line, to the end of the file, or to the end of the paragraph.
Emacs has commands for these motions: forward-word, move-end-of-line, end-of-buffer, and forward-paragraph, respectively. Atom has commands for three of them: moveCursorToBeginningOfNextWord(), moveCursorToEndOfLine(), and moveCursorToBottom().
Vim’s got commands for these, too: w, $, G, }. Those are weird function names, a heritage of vi’s non-programmable past (where keys and commands were inextricably bound), but fundamentally we’re in the same ballpark.
But now let’s look at delete commands. Let’s say you want to delete a word, delete to the end of the line, delete to the end of the file, or delete to the end of a paragraph.
Emacs only has two of these functions: kill-word and kill-line. Atom has the same two, more or less: deleteToEndOfWord() and deleteLine().
Vim, though, is different. Vim only has one command: d, which is “delete.” What does it delete? You name it, literally. The d command gets combined together with those commands for movement: dw deletes to the next word, d$ to the end of the line, dG to the end of the file, and d} to the end of the paragraph.
This is where Vim’s composability leads to its power. Emacs and Atom don’t have commands for deleting to the end of a file or a paragraph — even when they have commands to move to those places. But in Vim, if you can move to a location, you can delete to that location.
And composability is about more than just power, it’s also about learnability and consistency. The command for copying text in Vim is y. Do you know how to copy to the end of the line/file/paragraph? Of course you do: It’s y$, yG, and y} respectively. The command for increasing the indent is >, so you instantly know >$, >G, and >}. Convert to lowercase is gu, so… sure enough: gu$, guG, gu}.
This works both ways, of course. If you go on to learn that t= means “move until the next occurrence of the = character”, you now know what dt=, yt=, >t=, and gut= do. The composability of Vim commands means that every command you learn can act on any target; and every motion/object you learn makes every command you know more powerful.
This philosophy of minimalist commands that can be composed together is the fundamental originating philosophy of Unix, and Vim exemplifies it like no other editor.
But of course, Vim isn’t perfect. Vim script is nobody’s preferred programming language; the out-of-box experience is terrible; you need to install a half-dozen third-party plugins (and a third-party plugin manager at that) to get basic functionality working; its modal nature makes it difficult to approach; and there are some fundamental limitations to its extensibility (particularly visually).
A new, shiny, modern editor could one-up Vim by fixing some (or hopefully all) of these issues. But before an editor can replace Vim, it needs to learn everything that 1976 has to teach — not just the lesson of Emacs, but also the lesson of vi. | <urn:uuid:76669c5f-5df6-45ad-9e87-c6863ecd7a5b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://medium.com/@mkozlows/why-atom-cant-replace-vim-433852f4b4d1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719286.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00498-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94736 | 1,251 | 2.5625 | 3 |
If the No. 1 team can't win, it must be college football
The USC Trojans play Thursday in the Rose Bowl, while lower-ranked teams compete in the national championship.
OAKLAND, CALIF. — After more than 100 years of tinkering, the complicated calculus of the college football bowl calendar has come to this: Officially, the No. 1-ranked team has absolutely no chance of winning the national championship.
Thursday, the University of Southern California Trojans, ranked No. 1 in major polls, will take to the field in the Rose Bowl. Three days later, Oklahoma will play Louisiana State in the title game.
How the game got into such a predicament is no secret: Top-flight football is the only college sport that does not have a playoff system to determine its champion, instead using a controversial formula to determine the two best teams. Why college football has contorted itself into this mathematical morass, however, is a story understood only by dusting off the accumulated layers of history.
It is a tale of tradition and tests, marching bands, and no small amount of money. Taken together, they are factors far more persuasive to university presidents than any public pressure, observers say, and make it unlikely that college football will significantly change its ways any time in the near future.
"It's as good as you can hope for now," says Matt Hayes, a senior writer for The Sporting News.
Evidently, most college football fans are still hoping for something better. Three-quarters of respondents in the New Media Strategies poll say they want to abandon the current system, called the Bowl Championship Series. Established six years ago, the BCS was intended as a compromise between the traditional bowls - where the two best teams usually play in different games - and a playoff format.
In the new system, the two best teams - chosen by a mind-numbing matrix of data - play in the same game, while the best remaining teams continue historic rivalries in three other major bowls.
More often than not, though, the result has been a muddle, and never more so than this year, when USC was ranked No. 3 by the BCS despite its No. 1 ranking in both the Associated Press and coaches' polls.
For his part, Mr. Hayes is no BCS apologist; rather he sees himself as a realist. Like many fans, he dreams of an eight-team playoff culminating in a championship game second only to the Super Bowl in American cultural significance. But he doesn't see that happening for one reason: money.
The 63 schools in the six main football conferences of Division I-A created the BCS. Now, more than 90 percent of the money from the four BCS bowls goes to these conferences. If a national playoff started, they would likely have to share the revenues equally among all 117 Division I-A teams - as is the case with the NCAA basketball tournament. "This has never been about determining a true national champion," says Hayes.
Officials involved in college athletics insist this is not the case. University presidents, who make the ultimate decision on the issue, are under pressure from faculty to stem the professionalization of college sports, and have drawn the line here.
"Playoffs just aren't going to happen for academic reasons," says Thomas Hansen, commissioner of the Pacific 10, a BCS conference.
To some proponents of the bowl system, though, the question of professionalization goes much deeper than academics. It goes to the heart of the sport itself. From the day of the first bowl, when Pasadena's Tournament of Roses in 1902 invited Michigan to play Stanford in a post-parade game, college football's bowl season has been a unique American creation, endearing in its oddity.
For generations, students and alumni have trekked cross-country for week-long festivals that culminate in their team's bowl. With a national playoff, they wouldn't be able to follow their team to each game, and the collegiate atmosphere that has defined college football could be lost.
"There is a tradition and a pageantry of these bowls has become such a part of the fabric of the country," says Rick Walls of the National Football Foundation, which administers the BCS. | <urn:uuid:b6f09995-d499-431c-8026-dbbd77b3f528> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/1231/p03s02-ussc.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00550-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968478 | 873 | 1.523438 | 2 |
o sooner do you get one article about a search engine, but then along comes another. It's now becoming more commonplace for search engines to start adding in extra content to search results - Google's knowledge graph being one example. DDG has now partnered with Zanran (a search engine that provides tabular, spreadsheet and statistical data) to provide quick snippet answers to queries. Here's an example of what I mean:
You can check this out for yourself with the same child poverty search. Try other searches - but make sure that they are very tight, since this feature doesn't work with vague searches. By leaving off the '2012' from the search I used above results in a normal set of results, without the Zanran data. | <urn:uuid:c1584869-bc71-43b9-b8b5-c24625c7e70d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://philbradley.typepad.com/phil_bradleys_weblog/2012/10/duckduckgo-adds-zanran-data-1.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00118-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943864 | 149 | 1.75 | 2 |
Book Review: Act of Justice: Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the Law of War, by Burrus Carnahan, edited by David Rachels
The Smithsonian Associates Civil War E-Mail Newsletter, Volume 9, Number 1
This book explains how Abraham Lincoln-the greatest flip-flopper in our nation's history-moved from explicitly defending slavery in the South to issuing what's been called "a poor document, but a mighty act," the Emancipation Proclamation.
Even before the Lincoln-Douglas debates, all of Abraham Lincoln's public statements reflected his belief that the Constitution protected slavery. He held that it was legal in the southern states where it already existed and that as President he was bound to protect it. He would act against this only in the case of "indispensable necessity." Eventually, that indispensable necessity arrived.
Not just words, but Lincoln's actions confirmed his commitment not to interfere with slavery. Once the war began, he did not allow attempts by generals in the field to emancipate the slaves in occupied territory. To appease the South, he proposed an amendment to the Constitution that would allow slavery to continue where it already existed. The South did not yield and the war continued. He proposed a plan to compensate slaveholders and relocate former slaves outside the United States. The South did not yield and the war continued.
Lincoln believed the South acted contrary to the Constitution by seceding from the Union and proclaiming themselves a foreign nation. While Lincoln did not recognize secession as legal, the Confederacy was regarded as they would be under international law; flags of truce were honored, and prisoner exchanges were negotiated. Therefore, by complying with their desire to be treated as a separate nation, international law allowed Lincoln to do what the Constitution barred him from doing in time of peace. This enabled him to advance the Emancipation Proclamation as a legitimate war strategy he hoped would unite the country, break the Confederate will, and return it to a new and stronger Union of United States.
It was September 1862 when the "indispensable necessity" of emancipation arrived. When asked where the Constitution gave the President this power, Lincoln asserted that the Constitution invested the President "with the law of war in time of war." Morality justified it, but it was the law of war that legalized Lincoln's "mighty act."
Fast forward to September 2001. Per the author, all presidents since Lincoln's time have, to great controversy, cited the international law of war as a measure and source of their powers as commander-in-chief. He also notes the irony that the same legal theory invoked to free the slaves in 1862 today is used to detain Iraqi war prisoners. Lincoln's was a mighty act, and the author's contribution to our understanding of its importance to history and humanity make this a mighty book.
Burrus M. Carnahan is a professional lecturer at George Washington University and holds a JD from Northwestern University; LL M University of Michigan; previously a former Judge Advocate, US Air Force specializing in international law; and currently is Foreign Affairs Officer, Office of Nuclear Energy, Safety and Security, U.S. Department of State. He is past president of the Lincoln Group of the District of Columbia, and is the author of numerous journal articles on international law, the law of war, and arms control. | <urn:uuid:77c71fbb-0fd2-417a-804a-b5f65de7740d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://civilwarstudies.org/articles/Vol_9/act-of-justice.shtm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00298-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966332 | 679 | 3.71875 | 4 |
As Big Data becomes more and more integral to healthcare, everyone on the food chain will begin to see changes. Governments, universities, businesses, everyone has a stake in the future of health care. In recent years, Big Data has already offered up amazing proof of its applications, by helping stop the spread of Ebola, and combating the very common and devastating condition, Sepsis. It also may emerge as a surprising competitor in the world of social debate by spreading evidence-based knowledge on health.
Table of Contents
Given the scale of the Ebola outbreak in Africa in 2014, it’s no surprise that big data was brought in to combat it. It transformed the playing field from one based on estimations and anecdotal information into a precise response. With limited resources, it was vital in predicting the disease’s geographical spread and sending relief organizations accordingly. This started with mobile mapping, allowing the CDC and Swedish non-profit Flowminder, to both map typical population movement patterns, as well as measuring where cases seemed to be popping up. By tracking sources of calls to helplines, they could understand and predict outbreak locations.
Other measures included more specific tracking, focusing on those that have been infected. David Bolton of Qlik, a big data analytics company which also created an Ebola-tracking app, prvoides an example that “port, train and flight data, as well as number plate recognition, can all help track potentially infected people and identify who they may have come into contact with.”
Apart from tracking the spread of Ebola cases, the CDC also needed to coordinate their people and efforts. For this reason, they turned to BioMosiac, which tracked the global air transportation network in realtime. The program helped synthesize aggregated maps of diverse data sets, including anything from weather and climate data, to global distribution of poultry or confirmed disease cases. This data tracked people moving between countries and ports, and gave the CDC the chance to herd more at-risk populations through airports and security checks that will deliver a more thorough health screening and security check. Nothing about the fight against ebola was traditional. Turning to complex data sets and analysis is what brought containment about so quickly.
Unlike the rapid spreading Ebola, Sepsis, also termed “blood poisoning,” exists in individual cases. It occurs when the body releases extreme immune system measures to fight off infection. This triggers serious inflammation and can lead to damage or failure of the body’s organs. Though not often talked about, it is one of the most expensive conditions to treat, and can be incredibly hard to catch. Symptoms of Sepsis precursors are uselessly generic: chills, fever, rapid heart rate. The real symptoms occur quickly and can be tough to reverse once the patient goes into shock. Mortality rates are incredibly high, and over one million people a year are diagnosed with severe sepsis in the U.S. alone.
That’s why Amara Health Analytics was founded. Bedside monitors were already collecting data on heart rate, respiratory rate and other signs. However, that information was useless if not quickly and correctly interpreted. By consulting a big data repository and charting indicators of Sepsis, they were able to create a predictive model based on this data gathered from bedside monitors. Simply by hooking these machines to a cloud-based system, they replaced the fuzzy, traditional methods of diagnosis with accurate, evidence-based and detail-oriented analysis.
Last year, Penn Medicine was able to reduce their overall mortality rates by 4%, after much hard work and research. Thanks to the HITECH Act in 2009, offices must keep Electronic Health Records, making everything digital. This means an unprecedented amount of data. The team at Penn Medicine has created algorithms that make it much easier to recognize early stages of Sepsis. If a client’s data points are found to match that of other patients who had Sepsis, the nurses are notified accordingly. Moreover, the team has applied machine learning to the mix, making their algorithms even better each day. While these programs can’t yet fully integrate genetic factors, it helped Penn Medicine identify the condition a full 24 hours earlier—which, quite simply, could mean life or death. With these new algorithms, they’ve cut their mortality rates from 17% to 13%.
While there are plenty more instances of big data fighting off disease (Malaria, Dengue fever, the flu), there is also the strange social case for big data in health care. Yes, data helped the CDC make a weighty decision between controlling polio outbreaks or trying to eradicate the disease all together. Their well-informed decision has changed the future of polio entirely. There is no question that big data led to making that crucial decision to eradicate polio, simultaneously helping the world and proving just how many ways data can help the world. There is, however, a much murkier use of data.
Vaccines. For every pro-vaccine page online, you will find two that are anti-vaccine. Some hope the data will change these dialogues. Many social commentators are confident that big data will crush the anti-vaccination movement. With studies popping up every day or being unearthed from the 1980’s, trying to maneuver the discussion is very daunting. That’s why data collected from countries, continents, and major organizations like WHO may help tip the scales. This chart from the Council on Foreign Relations focusing on sharing evidence and numbers in an easy-to-read way. The Vaccine-Preventable Outbreaks chart lets users explore data based on year or disease type. Project Tycho at Pitt University created data sets from 87,950,807 cases between 1888 and 2011. The goal was to map this data against vaccination campaigns and determine exactly how effective each program was. The Tycho program was supported both by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the National Institutes of Health.
As one of big data’s biggest selling points is the ability to make unfathomable information clear and visible, many see it as the defining voice in the argument.
Researchers, doctors, patients and businesses all benefit greatly from the consistent use of big data in the healthcare industry. Epidemic horrors like Ebola and very common illnesses like Sepsis will never be the same. The question is much less “when will big data be used next,” but “where is it being used already?” Chances are, it’s already affecting many of us.
Like this article? Subscribe to our weekly newsletter to never miss out! | <urn:uuid:389be584-7004-424f-8e41-aa999e10bc16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dataconomy.com/2016/01/how-big-data-is-quietly-fighting-diseases-and-illnesses/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.953687 | 1,355 | 3.078125 | 3 |
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Whenever my travels take me to the Seattle area, I am amazed at the extent of conspicuous consumption. The fancy cars, the filled-to-the-brim shopping bags, and the crammed-to-the-gills restaurants are always a surprise. Perhaps I have lived in a rural community too long but when whenever I see this, my first thought turns to wonder whether these city folks have a clue about living simply and being prepared.
Do they have a rainy day fund? Do they have stored food? Do they have skills to survive without a job or a government hand-out if the worse were to happen?
It has been a long time since I have written about financial preparedness so I thought today would be a good time to revisit this all-important topic. One of the better preparedness authors out there is my blogging colleague, Daisy Luther. You may also know her as the Organic Prepper.
Daisy often echoes my own sentiments when it comes to living a self-sufficient and self-reliant life. Today I share her thoughts on personal austerity along with 12 ways to cut expenses. This is her story, based upon personal experience. She has and is walking the walk.
Personal Austerity: 12 Ways to Radically Cut Your Expenses
How often do you hear people talk about how they would live their dreams if they only had a bit more money? People always dream about moving to a remote area or about staying home with the kids or about relocating to the bug out location, but often feel that these things are financially unreachable. Do you do this yourself?
If so, then maybe it’s time to take a good hard look at your personal finances and enact a personal austerity plan. Most people would be surprised at the changes that can be made when they rethink the definition of the word “necessities”.
1. severe in manner or appearance; uncompromising; strict; forbidding.
2. rigorously self-disciplined and severely moral; ascetic; abstinent
3. grave; sober; solemn; serious.
4. without excess, luxury, or ease; limited; severe.
5. severely simple; without ornament; lacking softness; hard
With the gloomy economic forecast, it’s not reasonable or rational to expect things to improve in the near future. If you want to be somewhat immune to the financial difficulties coming down the pipe, you need to perform a financial makeover to pare down the monthly output to the bare minimum.
Does this sound kind of grim? It’s not – decreasing your monthly output provides a different kind of safety net. You can end (or at least reduce) your slavery to the system, where the government helps itself to at least 30% of your paycheck through payroll deductions. With your newfound freedom, you may discover that you have the money to start a business, relocate, or cut back your work hours to spend more time doing the important things in life.
Devastating financial changes are coming to a location near you. Wouldn’t you prefer to make the cuts now and adjust accordingly, instead of having them forced upon you through evictions, foreclosures, repossessions, and other painful methods?
If your finances are out of control, the best possible reality check is a stark look at what necessities really are. It is not necessary to life to have an iPhone, a vehicle in both stalls of your two-car garage, or for your children to all have separate bedrooms. People in Southern and Eastern Europe right now will tell you, as they scramble for food, basic over the counter medications like aspirin, and shelter, that necessities are those things essential to life:
- Food (and the ability to cook it)
- Medicine and medical supplies
- Basic hygiene supplies
- Shelter (including sanitation, lights, heat)
- Simple tools
- Defense Items
Absolutely everything above those basic necessities is a luxury. So, by this definition, what luxuries do you have?
Some are more important than others, based on your lifestyle, and might be considered secondary necessities. You might require transportation, work clothing, a computer and an internet connection, electrical appliances, a cell phone – you are the only person who can define which are these are luxuries and which are secondary necessities. It’s essential to be truly honest with yourself and separate “wants” and “I really enjoy having this” and “the kids will complain without it” from “needs”
For example, I am a freelance writer who lives in a remote area. Without an internet connection and a laptop, I have no work. For me to make a living, therefore, my computer and monthly internet bill are a necessity. However, because I work from home, a fashionable work wardrobe is not important to me. I can wear jeans and a t-shirt to work every single day, and it won’t affect my career at all. If you have to go out to a job in customer service, for example, then perhaps a computer and internet connection would be less important than a good-looking career wardrobe.
My Personal Austerity Plan
A couple of years ago, I began to see the writing on the wall for my own personal finances. I’m a single mom and my former husband is deceased, so there is no child support coming in. So as far as raising these children goes, I’m the only game in town. I realized that the industry I had been working in for many years was very shaky (automotive) and that I’d better get my financial house in order.
I began to cut expenses as quickly as possible. I was making a very good income and our lifestyle had “improved” with each pay raise and promotion. Although these changes were not incredibly popular with the kiddos, I made them ruthlessly. I made the following adjustments:
- Moved from a 4 bedroom home to a small 2 bedroom
- Cut cable and home phone
- Began providing a limited budget to the kids for school clothes, winter coats, and holiday gifts. If something “better” was wanted, the difference had to be earned
- Made the kids do extra chores for privileges like field trips, vacations, and houseguests
- Began cooking entirely from scratch and limiting meals out to birthdays or long trips
- Got rid of the current model year car and got an older, more affordable vehicle
- Began gardening, preserving bulk foods, and shopping through mail order sources
These efforts paid off within a few months, because my prediction was right – I got downsized. Had my expenses been at their former level, we would have struggled to keep the electricity on and food in the cupboards.
When I lost my job, I began looking for ways to make money from home. I was fortunate and picked up some freelance jobs pretty shortly, but I realized that I couldn’t make ends meet with what I was making, at least not in my then-current location.
So, I began a search for a less expensive place to live. The beauty of what I do for a living is that I can live anywhere – I only require a reliable connection to the internet. Within a few months, we’d located a very distant, very remote little cabin in the North Woods.
Get a Picture of Where you Are, Right Now
I realize that the changes I made are not changes that will work for everybody. I’m not suggesting the changes are a whole lot of fun either. Adjusting your own situation requires a brutal analysis of your expenditures. If you can’t get your partner or spouse on board, it’s all but impossible to do a complete overhaul. Kids, however, have to deal with it – expect loud complaints but be firm.
Print off your bank account statements for the past 2 months. On a piece of paper, track where your money is going. List the following:
Vehicle operating expenses (fuel, repairs)
Credit card and other debt payments
Extracurricular activities for the kids
Extracurricular activities for the adults
Miscellaneous (anything that doesn’t fall into the above categories gets it’s own category or goes here)
If you spent it, then it’s realistic. You are averaging together two months, which should account for those less common expenses. Brutal honesty isn’t fun, but it’s vital for this exercise.
So….what do you see when you look at your piece of paper with your average monthly expenditures for the past two months? Are there any surprises? Did you actually realize how much you’ve been spending?
It can’t continue like this. The economy will not withstand it. Step one is to see where you can cut things out right now from the above expenditures. Can you reduce your grocery bill? Slash meals out? Budget more carefully for gift-giving and school clothes?
Design Your Own Personal Austerity Plan
Step two – this is where the brutal cuts come in. What can you change about your life? Where can you reduce expenditures by several hundred dollars monthly? This is the point at which most people say, “I can’t.” Most people don’t want to move to a smaller house, get an old car, or go without premium cable. But this is where you can truly dig in and change your life.
As I said before, everyone’s situation is different. You may be locked into a mortgage on a huge house in a market that won’t even cover the balance of what you owe. It could be the same with your vehicle.
Explore all of your options, though, because paying a few thousand dollars to get out from under it could be worthwhile. Some people could have reached the point where they must begin to default on payments. That too, is a personal choice. I’m not recommending that you blow off your obligations. (However, do consider the fact that large banks get bailed out by the government, and everyday people do not.) Before making decisions like that, be sure to discover all of the potential ramifications, such as repossessions, garnishing of bank accounts, and ruined credit.
Here are some cuts to consider:
Move to a smaller house. Contrary to popular belief, no child ever died because he or she had to share a room with a sibling.
Relocate to a small town. Is it worthwhile to commute to a job in the city from a smaller, less expensive location? This can give you the added opportunity of homesteading and providing for many of your own needs. Click HERE to read about what you need to know before making such a move.
Get rid of your late model year vehicle. Look for a decent used vehicle that you can purchase with cash.
Cut back to one vehicle or even no vehicles. Sometimes public transit and your own two feet can provide all of the transportation you really need at a fraction of the price of owning a vehicle. This varies by location.
Stop using credit cards. This goes for any type of lending system that requires you to pay interest. Stop accumulating debt.
Don’t eat out. Limit meals out to no more than once a month or special occasions. Even better, don’t eat out at all. Dining out, even at a fast food place, is at minimum 4 times more expensive than the same meal prepared from scratch at home. (And far less healthy!)
Look for free or low cost entertainment. Consider a family YMCA or community center membership instead of gymnastics clubs or private tennis lessons if you need to enroll your kids in some activities. Go hiking, have picnics, explore parks, go to the library, and find out what’s offered for free in your home town. Learn to enjoy productive hobbies like canning, carving and needlework. Switch from cable to Netflix.
Use the envelope method to budget for shopping trips. For back-to-school shopping or Christmas shopping, decide how much you want to spend. Put that money in an envelope. As you shop, place each receipt in the envelope. When the money is gone, it’s gone. If there’s something else your child desperately wants, then they need to decide what item they’d like to take back to get it. Be firm and stick to your guns. This has the added benefit of teaching your children to budget.
Reduce your monthly payments by cutting things like cable, cell phones, home phones, and/or gym memberships. Look at every single monthly payment that comes out of your bank account and slash relentlessly.
Shop using the stockpile method. Shop only the sales and simply replenish your stockpile.
Eat leftovers. Have you ever stopped to think about how much food you throw out every month? You can often provide a few “freebies” every month by carefully repurposing your leftovers.
Stay home. By spending more time at home, you will spend less money. You won’t be grabbing a bottle of water, going through drive-thru for lunch or putting fuel in the car. Learn to treasure you time at home with loved ones – it’s worth more than money.
This is not a comprehensive list – when you look at your personal expenditures, other ideas will present themselves.
Why is it so important to make these changes?
Because if you don’t change your way of life, the government will. A job loss will. Inflation will.
When cuts are made, the Powers That Be make sure to devise it so that those cuts affect the average person – the voters. They can make it hurt, then swoop in and “rescue” us, by further enslaving us.
You want medical care? Get this handy microchip inserted in your arm.
You want food for your kids? Turn in your guns.
You want the electricity turned back on in your home? Sign on this dotted line – it’s only your freedom.
These upcoming cuts won’t hurt the ones who are making the cuts. Congress members will still get large salaries and raises. The First Lady will still spend millions of taxpayer dollars on vacations that would make Marie Antoinette blush. The White House will still serve gourmet meals while Americans are digging through the garbage to stave off hunger. The budgetary decisions are scare tactics, bread and circuses, all designed to distract people from the collusion going on between the UN, the global elite, the bankers, and the governments.
Realistically speaking, the way things are going, none of us is likely to get a hefty raise. We’ll be lucky to keep the incomes we have. But expenses are only going to go up. To keep the true necessities within reach, we need to reduce our expenditures and put away emergency funds and stockpiles.
Personal bank accounts are being plundered across Europe. People are not just living paycheck to paycheck – there ARE no more paychecks. They’re living hand to mouth, hunting and gathering what they can in order to stay fed.
Making some difficult changes now can provide a stable standard of living in a world that is going downhill at breakneck speed. By decreasing your monthly output, you can hang on to necessities. I’d rather choose my own austerity plan than to have it forced upon me.
About Daisy: Daisy Luther is a freelance writer and editor who lives in a small village in the Pacific Northwestern area of the United States. She is the author of The Pantry Primer: How to Build a One Year Food Supply in Three Months. On her website, The Organic Prepper, Daisy writes about healthy prepping, homesteading adventures, and the pursuit of liberty and food freedom. Daisy is a co-founder of the website Nutritional Anarchy, which focuses on resistance through food self-sufficiency.
One Last Piece of Advice
As I was preparing this article, I pinged Daisy and asked if she had one more bit of advice for Backdoor Survival readers. Here is what she said:
When you are trying to crack down on your budget, go on a complete spending freeze. Pause before spending money. Decide if you really need the item or if it can wait.
If you do need it, spend some time learning to make things that you would normally buy. I make things like yogurt, cheese, holiday decorations, cleaning supplies, and lunch box goodies. This has saved me thousands of dollars over the years.
And if you go off the wagon and spend money you feel you shouldn’t, be kind to yourself. Don’t use it as an excuse to go on a crazy spree. Just start right back up again on your frugal route, and you’ll be back on track in no time.
The Final Word
Austerity is not a stranger in my household. I can recall a period about twenty-five years ago when there was no money coming in, large medical bills, and a mortgage to pay. Even then, we were fortunate to have stored foods and a substantial emergency fund.
For me, it helped that I have always been a frugal do-it-yourself type. Sure, I like nicely made from of leftovers and “garbage” soup is regular gourmet delights in my household. Dining out is for special occasions and gifts to each other are small but meaningful.
As prepper’s, we need to set our own barometer of personal austerity. Whereas not everyone can live below their means because they do not have means, to begin with, they can examine their spending habits and attempt to make the tiniest of changes to ensure their financial survival down the road.
Enjoy your next adventure through common sense and thoughtful preparation!
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For your discernment, here are of some budget-friendly items that I personally own.
FordEx Group 300lm Mini Cree Led Flashlight: FAVORITE! It is super mini sized, bright and waterproof. Plus, it uses a single, standard AA sized battery.
ProForce Commando Wire Saw Bulk, Ideal For Survival Kits: Here is what one reviewer had to say:
“When I got the saw, I thought it was a dinky little wire. My expectations were blown away!! I can cut a three inch tree in three min. I would much so recommend that you get this saw.”
The Prepper’s Guide to Food Storage: My 99 cents eBook will provide you with everything you need to create an affordable food storage plan, including what to buy and how to store it. Nothing scary and nothing overwhelming – you really can do this!
Morakniv Craftline Q Allround Fixed Blade Utility Knife: FAVORITE! Also known as the Mora 511, this is now my favorite knife. It is made of Swedish steel and is super sharp. Many Backdoor Survival have emailed me indicating this is now their favorite knife too.
Tac Force TF-705BK Tactical Assisted Opening Folding Knife 4.5-Inch Closed: Not only that, it is ranked as the #1 best seller in both the camping and hunting knives categories. The reviews raved about this knife so I bought one, used it, and can recommend it. See The Inexpensive Tac-Force Speedster Outdoor Knife.
Note: the price can vary by color so if you are not particular, scroll through the colors and save a couple of bucks.
One Second After For many, the novel “One Second After” was a game changer that convinced them of the need to be prepared. If you have not read this book, you really should.
Help support Backdoor Survival. Purchases earn a small commission and for that I thank you! | <urn:uuid:cfc2be7f-64c9-49a2-9889-a1503912d578> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.backdoorsurvival.com/embrace-personal-austerity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.955531 | 4,299 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Columbia University’s expansion has been selected by LEED for their Neighborhood Design pilot program, which calls for the integration of smart growth principles and urbanism at a neighborhood scale.
Renzo Piano Building Workshop (RPBW) is designing four buildings to be built over the upcoming years as a first phase of Columbia University’s Manhattanville campus expansion. The first of these four projects to break ground is the Jerome L. Greene Science Center, a research facility used by scientists working on mind, brain, and behavior research. The facility is ten stories wrapped in nearly 176,000 square feet of building envelope, consisting of transparent floor-to-ceiling glazing.
“Columbia’s existing buildings are sited massively on the ground, and the campus— for many reasons—is gated. However, the new Manhattanville campus will express the values of this century: tolerance, openness, permeability, and transparency. It’s a new generation of campus design,” said Antoine Chaaya, the RPBW partner in charge of the Columbia project.
An elevated subway track along the east facade generated 88 dB of noise, which needed to be significantly reduced for occupant comfort. To achieve this, the architects created a double skin facade system that was sealed from the outside. It represents the fourth double skin facade developed by RPBW, and the first to include active air circulation, according to Chaaya. “What helped us to create this fourth typology of double skin is the constraint: The fact that it cannot be permeable to the outside. It has to be sealed, and at the same time we have to fight against potential condensation. We solve the problem by active air circulation from the bottom to the top of the building.” The resulting facade system provides superior blast resistance and thermal properties, while reducing sound transmission by 45 dB.
The cavity of the facade assembly is 18 inches deep, sized just large enough for maintenance access. Highly purified and dehumidified air is filtered three times and slowly cycled up vertically through the cavity at two feet per minute, a rate that ensures quiet operation and no disturbance to shading devices within the cavity. Air in the cavity cycles at a rate of six air changes per minute, managing heat gain and condensation buildup in the cavity.
Variations in the facade are generated from functional responses to solar orientation due to orientation, honestly expressing the interior functions of the building. The result is a sophisticated building enclosure, abiding by a rigorously minimal design aesthetic while nimbly adapting to environmental criteria. | <urn:uuid:12635c5e-66d4-4cc5-95f7-874fdb0f5552> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://facadesplus.com/rpbws-active-double-skin-facade-kick-starts-a-new-generation-of-campus-design-at-columbia-university/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.939745 | 522 | 2.46875 | 2 |
SCARY: Freshmen in China learn to shoot assault rifles
Feeling stressed out about intro-level classes? Just be glad you don't have to worry about live ammunition. These freshmen from Shandong University, located in Jinan, China, are required to don fatigues for a variety of military exercises. With "Real heart, real guns" these teenagers live a military lifestyle for several days at the beginning of their first semester.
Activities include martial arts and target practice. How would feel about learning these skills at your school? Comment below! | <urn:uuid:bb9c7aeb-baa7-4ddf-bd26-051588c585f8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.dramafever.com/news/scary-freshmen-in-china-learn-to-shoot-assault-rifles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00127-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963199 | 113 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Justice Rawls Vs Walzer Essay, Research Paper
In my mind justice is a very abstract concept. Although it seems like everyone knows the meaning of the word many people view justice differently. If you would ask people what they associate the word justice with, you would hear many opinions. To me it means fairness, accountability, equality, punishment, following the letter of the law, and these are the words that came to my mind on the spot, but the list sure doesn t end here. What may seem just to one person may be considered totally unjust to someone else; we are faced with this reality very often. It could be a minor issue, which affects only few individuals, such as debating if a grade your professor gave you on an exam is a fair evaluation of your knowledge of the material. On a greater level, it could be an issue such as capital punishment. Those who support death sentence say that some criminals should be punished by death for crimes that they commit. Those with the opposing view, ask if it s just to have the power to take a person s life, no matter what crime they are guilty of committing. As Walzer states: Justice is a human construction, and it is doubtful that it can be made in only one way
In his discussion on distributive justice Walzer talks about distribution of goods in a society and power struggles that are constant in societies with where goods can be limited. According to him monopoly arises from lack of a valuable good in a society, the limited amount of that good automatically gives power to those individuals who poses it, creating inequality. He goes on explaining the theory of simple equality where government constantly limits the power of those with possession of the rare goods, but soon the government itself becomes the greater power which controls all other goods. He states that: Politics is always the most direct path to dominance, and political power is probably the most important and certainly most dangerous, good in human history. Here his solution is to constraint the agents of constraint , by a process of constitutional checks and balances . An other way he proposes to prevent the domination of political power is by distributing it widely, but this brings the danger of majority tyranny, which according to him is not as dangerous as claimed to be. Then he goes on to defining complex equality where dominance is reduced by a constant balance of dominance in different sphere where one person can not achieve total dominance, but only achieves it in one sphere.
John Rawls takes a more general approach to his discussion of justice stating that: We cannot, in general, assess a conception of justice by its distributive role alone . Among other things he states that based on the concept of original position, which is the appropriate initial status quo which insures that the fundamental agreements reached in it are fair . Based on the concept of the original position, we see how certain things such as person s position in a society, their possessions, and any details about them that may some how influence justice are ignored. This is defined by Rawls as a veil of ignorance , which basically means that justice is blind.
I can see some resemblance of both of the theories in our society, although we are far from reaching total equality. There is still inequality on all levels of our society. Our judicial system, which is the unit that upholds the law, unfortunately is not perfect and often unjust, may be adopting more of the principles expressed in the discussed writings we will become a more just and fair society. | <urn:uuid:bb36bf40-aced-4f84-b260-3250439c6f03> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mirznanii.com/a/89688/justice-rawls-vs-walzer-essay-research-paper | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00328-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974815 | 697 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Daniel Arnon, 84, Researcher And Expert on Photosynthesis
By WALTER SULLIVAN
Published: December 23, 1994
Daniel I. Arnon, who added significantly to the understanding of plant photosynthesis, died on Tuesday in Berkeley, Calif. He was 84 and lived in nearby Kensington.
The cause was complications after cardiac arrest, said the University of California at Berkeley, where Dr. Arnon retired in 1978 as professor of cell physiology.
In 1973 Dr. Arnon won the National Medal of Science for "his fundamental research into the mechanism of green plant utilization of light to produce chemical energy and oxygen and for contributions to our understanding of plant nutrition."
A major contribution was his role in explaining the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, the "energy messenger" within living cells. In photosynthesis, such synthesis consists of using light energy to hitch an additional phosphate group (formed of phosphorus, hydrogen and oxygen) to adenosine diphosphate to form energy-rich ATP. The process is a key element of photosynthesis, upon which most life on earth is directly or indirectly dependent.
In 1954 he and his colleagues were able for the first time to perform this process in the laboratory, rather than in living tissue. Dr. Melvin Calvin, a Berkeley colleague, who won a Nobel Prize in 1961 for his own pioneering research into photosynthesis, said Dr. Arnon made a "significant contribution" to deciphering its complex chemistry.
Daniel Israel Arnon was born in Warsaw in 1910. He read the works of Jack London and decided on a career in California agriculture. As a teen-ager, he came to New York and was accepted by the University of California.
His undergraduate and graduate education were at that university, where in 1936 he obtained his doctorate in plant physiology. His earliest research focused on plant nutrition, such as testing the relative efficiency of raising plants in soil, rather than afloat in nutrient-rich water.
From 1943 to 1946, as a major in the United States Army, he used his expertise to feed troops stationed on barren Ponape Island in the western Pacific by growing crops in gravel and nutrient-rich water.
His work on photosynthesis began in the late 1940's and focused on chloroplasts, the structures within cells that perform this function. He and his colleagues were able to extract chloroplasts from spinach and study their function in the laboratory.
From 1952 to 1953 he was president of the American Society of Plant Physiologists. He also won awards in Belgium, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Sweden, as well as the United States.
In 1940 he married Lucile Soule, who died in 1986.
He is survived by two sons, Dr. Stephen Arnon of Orinda, Calif., and Dr. Dennis Arnon of San Francisco; three daughters, Anne A. Hodge of Arrowgate, England, Dr. Ruth Hanham of Lancaster, England, and Nancy A. Agnew of Los Angeles, and eight grandchildren. | <urn:uuid:e25d478c-0755-4dfc-a055-54af8a2bd7c8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nytimes.com/1994/12/23/obituaries/daniel-arnon-84-researcher-and-expert-on-photosynthesis.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00410-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968794 | 622 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Numbers can be divided into three sections:
1) At Sinai (chapters 1-9) the census of Israel underscores God’s presence and care. As he knows the very number of the hair on our heads, he knows exactly the number of people who belong to Him. They don’t move without him and when they move, He is there.
2) In the Wilderness (chapters 10-21) contains the stories of at least seven rebellions against God. Though God had every reason to desert his people, he did not.
3) As Israel prepares to enter Canaan (chapters 22-36), Moses tells Israel a story she would not have known had he not put it down. It is the story of an attempt to curse the people of God by a foreign nation. Through it all, unseen by Israel, God protected them.
The Levites were the smallest family in Israel and they were divided into three clans named for Levi’s three sons: The Kohathites, the Gershonites, and the Merarites. Aaron was a descendant of Kohath. Aaron was the High Priest. His sons served as priests. And the rest of the Levite family served as “Levites,” dedicated to the service of the sanctuary of God.
When the tabernacle moved, Aaron and his sons were responsible for packing all of the furnishings. There was a color-coding system. Furnishings used in the Most Holy Place were covered in blue. Those used in the Holy Place were covered in red. Those used outside the tabernacle were covered in purple.
The Lord’s service had an age limit: thirty to fifty years old. The Kohathites carried all the furnishings of the tabernacle, as well as the altar and Aaron’s son, Eleazar, was responsible for the packing. Aaron’s other son, Ithamar was responsible for packing the tabernacle itself. The Gershonites carried the cloth curtains and all the materials of the tent. The Merarites were responsible for carrying all the hardware of the tabernacle’s construction. Every man had a specific job.
As God’s priesthood today, every Christian has a place in the Lord’s service. There are no unnecessary workers – only workers who have not yet found their place, and workers who are unwilling to undertake the work God has assigned them. | <urn:uuid:3f8a3613-7333-4c70-b2be-cb9d9c71f085> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.amazinggraceinternational.com/monday-february-18-numbers-1-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.983158 | 506 | 3.15625 | 3 |
I have always wanted to attend a class at the Eastman Museum. I would bet a lot of people don’t even know they exist. Well, they do, and I bought myself a Christmas present for February 10, 2018. This was a workshop – a one day class. It proved to be a perfect exploration into the subject of tintype photography that began in the early 1850’s and lasted until about 1890 depending on what book you read. An interesting fact is that most of the students that come to the Eastman Museum for instruction are from out of state or out of the country. Very few locals participate. I think that needs to change. Although <Gasp!> Fuji is moving into town Kodak is still a staple. They still produce the film, the chemicals for developing and other goodies from the yellow box.
The class was limited to eight students; two from Canada, two from ‘Cuse and the rest from the area. Our instructors were Mark and Nick. Now I thought I knew my fair share of photography, but nothing that would hold a candle to these guys. Unbelievable amounts of knowledge they are more than willing to pass on, demonstrate discuss, answer questions. They had the answers and teaching methodology for us to digest such huge amounts of data.
I think I was most surprised at the chemistry that was involved in collodion pictures. Either wet plate or the tintypes.
Some of the chemicals required are; Cellulose dissolved in ether or alcohol with a small amount of iodine and bromide. Silver nitrate. Linseed oil or plain asphaltum. Acidified ferrous sulfate. Sodium thiosulfate or potassium cyanide. Sandarac varnish. And water, lots of clean water.
The “tin” in tintype is a little misleading. When the process was developed they used thin sheets of iron. Tin was a generalized term for a cheaper metal.
Because it was a workshop (that they are offering again in December) students watch the entire process. Everyone got to sit for their portrait and take home a real tintype portrait of themselves – although the substrate is now aluminum. The process was done exactly as it was invented. I was able to see each step a few times and ask questions freely. A basic knowledge of photography is helpful in understanding some of the lexicon.
I learned so much my head was chuck full when I left. It was an incredible class on one of my favorite types of photography. What makes tintypes so cool is that the negative becomes the positive as the print on the substrate. There is no negative to make more prints. If your emulsion is not right, it’s back to the drawing board. If the ambient air temperature isn’t right or the timing of taking the cap off the lens (the shutter) or timing of the developer, it’s back to where the subject is sitting after preparing another plate for exposure. In our class, the timing of the “shutter” was about 25 seconds. This means that the sitter and everyone around cannot move for that amount of time – although you can blink. Trying to make sure that shadows and highlights are captured correctly takes experience and experimentation.
Ever wonder why 19th-century pictures look like the person has a scowl or is not pleased? Well, no one can smile for 25 seconds or longer, and your head is held in place by a metal clamp. You must also focus on a specific spot for the duration.
Another interesting note to this process is that blues and violets will not show up in the image. They become white. If you look at old collodion images you will note that there are very few clouds in the sky. Well now you know why; the blue sky and clouds blend together to white. It is easy to find examples of these in antique stores.
If you are interested in historic photographic processes, I strongly urge you to attend one of their classes. You will not be disappointed. All walks of life attend these and some are keeping them alive and well when they return home.
Click on the photo for a caption. | <urn:uuid:b4cdd6c4-9e68-4c3f-884c-20d5c167f2d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://johnspaulding.com/2018/02/12/historic-film-processes/nggallery/slideshow | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.973659 | 854 | 2.4375 | 2 |
The Top English Grammar Tips From A–Z
See Spanish definition of implicar
1(risk) implicar(risk) suponer(risk) conllevar(expense) acarrear(expense) implicar(expense) suponertaking the job entails our moving to Detroit — aceptar el trabajo implica / significa que nos tenemos que trasladar a Detroit
- Safeties need to know the entire defensive scheme, even though their jobs don't necessarily entail a lot of adjustments.
- The new system of logistic support for the Navy will inevitably entail considerable changes in the organizational and staff structure of bases and depots.
- High bypass criteria necessarily entails a high degree of risk, as we saw today.
- Rural life is badly suited to non-agricultural production, so economic development necessarily entails the progressive urbanization of the population.
- Whether the abandonment of the dialectics of nature necessarily entails the abandonment of the materialist conception of history, as Monod seemed to think, seems quite a different matter.
- And I think that cleaning up from drugs necessarily entails a revaluation of the spiritual facet of yourself.
- If the debate about the post-Cold War structure was about the relevance of the balance of power in general, it was also specifically focused on the nature of the resultant polarity, and the consequences for stability entailed by it.
- But a weak sense of the ‘public’ does not necessarily entail a strong sense of the ‘private’.
- I have said that this proposal would not necessarily entail any considerations of taxation levels.
- It entails an involved series of exchanges that verify the integrity of every downstream device attached to the repeater.
- The existence of the one necessarily entails the existence of the other.
- It necessarily entails a certain degree of compromise on the part of the insurgents.
- This necessarily entails a continuous stream of new lies to compensate for the exposure of the old ones.
- As the mother is an innocent bystander in the endeavour her involvement entails only risk.
- Such practices do not necessarily entail intentional discrimination, but they provide a basis for legal action when the outcome is the exclusion of certain groups.
- Economic efficiency did not necessarily entail the development of large, capital-intensive factories, for towns themselves were highly effective economic units.
- Thus, my contention is that the existence of uneven power relations does not necessarily entail the subordination and passivity of the ‘other’.
- Yet a rejection of the present does not necessarily entail a desired return to a more stable - that is, colonial - moment in Ireland's past.
- The evolution of swordfighting martial arts hero into gun-toting gangster must necessarily entail a new concept in production design.
- It does not even necessarily entail a set of shared beliefs.
2Lawto entail sth on sb — vincular algo a algn
- Within the inalienability of entailed real property was concealed the conversion of Parliamentary seats into a cash value.
- Fortunes then were large and permanent since they were entailed and in fact the younger branches of the family never married.
Learning English? Read More About The Language Here! | <urn:uuid:382ee33d-318e-494c-b562-9505f24b00df> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lexico.com/en-es/translate/entail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.889566 | 685 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Laptops are known for being small, compact, and able to go where the typical desktop computer cannot. However, laptops do have a few drawbacks, such as screen glare when used indoors or outdoors. Not only can glare cause excessive eye strain, in many cases, the glare on LCD screens can render the laptop useless. However, there are a few ways to reduce, or completely remove screen glare, making your laptop experience more enjoyable, and less frustrating.
- Skill level:
Other People Are Reading
Things you need
- Protective film
- Laptop hood
Increase the brightness of your monitor when using your laptop outdoors. According to Mark Williams, IT professional, a higher brightness setting will cut down on the glare by compensating for the darkness caused by the glare. Check your manual to find the brightness setting. It varies depending on brand.
Purchase protective film for your screen size. These films attach directly to your screen, and will cut down on glare. Many also enable others to see what is on the screen from a side view. These covers are removable.
Adjust the angle of your screen. A vertical, straight screen is easier to read. It will reflect less light than a screen that is tilted.
Attach a laptop hood. Laptop hoods are available in a variety of sizes, and are made solely for the purpose of allowing laptop use outdoors. The hoods can be found at most computer stores.
Cover your windows. In his article, "Computer Eye Strain:10 Steps for Relief," Larry K. Wan, O.D., recommends covering outdoor light sources to reduce glare.
Tips and warnings
- A few brands now carry laptops and notebooks with antiglare screens.
- Many laptop hoods are attached with Velcro, and are unsightly. The Velcro pieces will also be stuck on your laptop when the hood is unattached.
- 20 of the funniest online reviews ever
- 14 Biggest lies people tell in online dating sites
- Hilarious things Google thinks you're trying to search for | <urn:uuid:b25fa9f7-5b7a-47de-9215-8c5d59f713e2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ehow.co.uk/how_7220321_cut-screen-glare-laptop.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00488-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929259 | 419 | 2.265625 | 2 |
“For the kingdom of heaven is like a landowner who went out early in the morning to hire workers for his vineyard.
References for Matthew 20:1
He agreed to pay them a denariusfor the day and sent them into his vineyard.
References for Matthew 20:2
“About nine in the morning he went out and saw others standing in the marketplace doing nothing.
He told them, ‘You also go and work in my vineyard, and I will pay you whatever is right.’
So they went. “He went out again about noon and about three in the afternoon and did the same thing.
About five in the afternoon he went out and found still others standing around. He asked them, ‘Why have you been standing here all day long doing nothing?’
“ ‘Because no one has hired us,’ they answered. “He said to them, ‘You also go and work in my vineyard.’
“When evening came, the owner of the vineyard said to his foreman, ‘Call the workers and pay them their wages, beginning with the last ones hired and going on to the first.’
References for Matthew 20:8
“The workers who were hired about five in the afternoon came and each received a denarius.
So when those came who were hired first, they expected to receive more. But each one of them also received a denarius.
When they received it, they began to grumble against the landowner.
References for Matthew 20:11
‘These who were hired last worked only one hour,’ they said, ‘and you have made them equal to us who have borne the burden of the work and the heat of the day.’
References for Matthew 20:12
“But he answered one of them, ‘I am not being unfair to you, friend. Didn’t you agree to work for a denarius?
References for Matthew 20:13
Take your pay and go. I want to give the one who was hired last the same as I gave you.
Don’t I have the right to do what I want with my own money? Or are you envious because I am generous?’
References for Matthew 20:15
“So the last will be first, and the first will be last.”
References for Matthew 20:16 | <urn:uuid:09dd0c92-37b2-491e-9847-455535da8ab6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.biblestudytools.com/matthew/passage/?q=matthew+20:1-16 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00043-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984872 | 514 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Money printing damage to markets is already done whatever the Fed does next, gold’s time still coming
By: Peter Cooper
Thursday, 21 February 2013
Stocks tumbled by the most in three months yesterday after news that Federal Reserve members are divided over the effectiveness of money printing through QE. The markets reacted as though the inflation of stock prices would stop the moment the Fed turns down the money presses.
Actually that is true. But what is not correct is to assume that inflation will go away as quickly. That is the nasty unintended consequence of QE that is now baked in the cake and waiting to erupt. You cannot add trillions to the balance sheet of the Federal Reserve and increase the money supply this much without causing inflation.
Cash piles and inflation
There is a pesky time delay, however. New money can just sit doing nothing as cash. US companies have their highest cash balances in history. Once this money gets spent the inflation will emerge and then some. Warren Buffett just bought his can of beanz. | <urn:uuid:fdc6589f-c1cd-458b-83c6-864d8a28fd98> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://revolutionradio.org/?p=45371 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00042-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965815 | 208 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Sushi does have some healthy ingredients, such as the nori and fish, though it can have some unhealthy ingredients as well; for instance, soy sauce adds too much sodium to the dish.Continue Reading
Nori, the dried seaweed that sushi is wrapped in, contains vitamins A, E, C and K, as well as fiber and protein. Nori also contains minerals such as iodine, zinc and calcium. Fish is high in omega-3 fatty acids.
The rice lands on both sides, as both white and brown rice have health benefits and detriments. Brown rice has more fiber than white rice, and it is slower to convert to sugar in the bloodstream. However, while brown rice is higher in selenium and manganese, white rice has more folate and thiamine. Also, some sushi is tempura-battered and fried, which adds carbohydrates and fat to the sushi.Learn more about Food Facts | <urn:uuid:c32ac9e2-cf30-4193-a4ce-e7a7f008b9b2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.reference.com/food/sushi-good-2a4d2fd5939dfc77 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00160-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959457 | 191 | 2.859375 | 3 |
The real pronunciation of this consonantal construction (if there ever was one) is lost in time.
Etymology or history, if you like, doesn’t determine pronunciation any more than it determines definition. The “real” pronunciation of Jah is exactly the way the Rastas pronounce it.
But in a certain way, if I may engage in a certain conceit, it is only understandable from within or at least in reference to, the Hebrew story of Exodus and Babylonian exile.
A numerologist will tell you that you can only understand the song if you do a numerological analysis. A linguist will tell you that it needs to be understood linguistically. A historian will tell you the real understanding is historical. You think you have the “only” understanding of the song? Get in line.
All art speaks for itself. The meaning isn’t in the song, it’s in you. The song has no meaning until you bring one. Yours is no better or worse than anyone else’s. Even if the artist himself tells you what the work means to him, it is just another opinion. People get from art what they get and there is no right or wrong or true or false or better or worse. Of course, this is all simply my opinion. | <urn:uuid:2093a2bb-254e-46c1-9670-8b6f8074227d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wordorigins.org/index.php/forums/viewthread/328/P15/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00293-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940099 | 272 | 2.390625 | 2 |
The garden should be a place of beauty and relaxation. It should be your outdoor haven from the modern world, bursting with color and greenery. However, for many, it can be just the opposite, striking fear into the hearts of occupants (and neighbors) alike.
Gardening does not have to be that way and it can be easy as well as fun. Below, we give you 7 landscaping projects that you can try in your backyard on a minimal budget.
1. Forge a New Path
Adding or redoing a path is a very easy and cheap DIY project. It can even be done with anyone who has very little DIY or landscaping experience, and all you will need is a minimum of tools.
An easy project is to try creating a path from salvaged materials, or anything you can find for free. You could try using old floorboards or wood from pallets to lay as a funky, natural-looking garden path. Simply dig a small trench, level off the ground, and place it in the salvaged wood.
You may wish to treat them before you lay them, or you can go natural and just replace them as they rot. Another option is to layer sand under to even out the pathway, but this is also optional.
If you want to go further, purchase flagstone or gravel for your path. The principle remains the same. Dig a trench around 3-4 inches, level it, then place your flagstone or gravel on top.
Paths always look better when they curve as opposed to turning at right angles. You should always allow at least a three feet width, to make the path big enough for people to walk along with it without falling off. Areas with lots of rainfall should opt for heavier woods and stones.
2. Create Borders and Edging
Borders and edging can add real definition to your garden. They can be used to hold back three-lined areas, plant beds, or frame pathways. They are also easy to fit, requiring very little effort even in long, stretching sections.
Wait for a calm day with little wind before you begin the job. Lay out a length of the hose where you would want the order to be. Sprinkle flour on either side so you can mark the area you want to install the border in.
Now go along the marked area and use a spade to create an indentation where you want the border to be. Lay it in, then tap down gently so it embeds. You should have a sturdy, beautiful edge.
One very crafty way to build a natural, rustic-looking border is to use small bamboo posts instead of a traditional border. Set them around 15 inches apart and weave in canes that would find at the garden center. You will have a professional-looking border that will allow flowers and plants to grow through, creating a natural edge.
3. Plant a Tree
Planting a tree is a great focal point for your garden. It is easy to do, and you can add several decorative features. You could even consider a fruit tree so that your labor will pay off with delicious produce further down the line.
Start by finding your ideal tree at a local garden center or farm. Check to see what conditions it prefers, if it suits your garden, find a spot. Dig a hole big enough to plant the tree, giving it room to grow and allowing the roots to spread. Then fill in the hole with soil.
Framing the tree is just as much fun as planting the tree itself. One idea is to add a ring of mulch to insulate it, retain moisture and prevent any weeds from attacking it. You can get this from a local store or hire a Bull Hog excavator mulching head to create your own.
You could also consider adding a masonry surround. Dig a trench, add a later of sand, then lay your bricks in your desired pattern. Once done, fill the interior of the surround with mulch to protect the tree.
4. Add Color
Color can instantly lift any garden, and the only thing holding you back is the type of plants that will grow in your soil. Check that the plants and flowers you want to grow are good for your climate, then get artistic. Select flowers with interesting colors and shapes to enhance your space.
Try to get a mix of perennial plants and seasonal ones. This will let your garden look lively and fresh all around. Combine them with some quirky and interesting garden furniture.
You do not just have to plant in designated flower beds either. Planting in the strangest of places can give a natural vibe to your garden. Place flowers at the foot of your mailbox or around a trashcan to brighten up even the dullest items.
If your garden suffers from drainage problems try planting on a berm. A berm is a sloping area of the garden, filled with plants and flowers. Not only do they look good, but they can also block out noise from the street and make the garden look larger than it is.
If you do not have space for a berm, consider installing raised flower beds. This will add different levels and interests to your yard. Each bed can be decorated with a mix of plants and flowers, or you may wish to arrange them in a pattern.
5. Build a Wall
Building a wall does not have to be a huge effort. In fact, small walls and barriers surrounding flower beads can look effective, especially as edges to raised flower beds and pathways. When creating a wall, unless you are a professional, it is best to go for a rustic look.
This can be done by using flagstones. You don’t need any mortar, and it does not need to be neat and tidy to make it look good. All you need is a selection of stones that have a consistent thickness, be it sandstone, limestone, or shale.
Start by digging a trench as wide as your flagstones and a few inches deep. Stack smaller stones on the bottom, then layer the larger ones on top in a crisis cross pattern. Finally, fill the back of the wall with gravel.
This type of wall looks particularly good if you have larger, shady plants hanging over the top of it. Plant some large-leafed perennials just behind the flagstones. Shrubs will also work particularly well against one of these walls.
6. Get Wet
The sound of trickling water can be one of the most relaxing elements to add to a garden. Not only can it look great visually, but water can also invite a lot more wildlife into your garden to bathe and nest. Combine it with bird tables and feeders, and your garden will become a hive of activity.
Most DIY water features can be done with some tubing, a pump, and gravel. A very popular idea is to use two plant pots, one larger than the other. Start by drilling a hole in the bottom of both and feeding your tube through.
Place your pump in the bottom pot, then feed the tube up through the top pot. Begin to fill the bottom pot with an assortment of interesting stones or gravel, then place the top planter above and do the same. The water should feed through the top planter, tickling down and back into the bottom creating an interesting water feature.
You do not just have to do this with a planter. Any old containers will make interesting features including watering cans, old oil containers. The weirder and wackier the better.
7. Use Shrubs
Shrubs are an amazing tool to be used in your landscaping. They are hardy and can be used to hide a multitude of sins. Perennial shrubs can manage to do this all year long.
If you have any unsightly areas, maybe where grass refuses to grow or you have old tree stumps, then shield them from view using shrubbery. Place tall shrubs at the back, then smaller, flowering shrubs in front of the plants to draw attention away.
Shrubs can also add a lot of aromas to the garden. Plant lavender, lemongrass, and other strong-smelling shrubs at entrance points to the garden. People will be met with a mix of beautiful scents as they come onto your property.
There are a plethora of shrubs to choose from, and your choice will only be limited by the soil type in your garden. Boxwood, hydrangeas, and oleander are all tough plants that will grow in most conditions.
Landscaping Projects: Time to Get Gardening
Once you have your landscaping projects ready, get gardening! The beauty of gardening is that everything is reversible and will grow back over time. You really cannot make a mistake.
If you are looking for more gardening tips, come and visit our informative blog. We have many handy articles on how to get the best from your home and garden. Let us help you make the best of your property starting today! | <urn:uuid:d8395b99-16fc-4c9d-bb1a-27a70feb96b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dreamlandsdesign.com/expert-tips-diy-landscaping-projects/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.942674 | 1,855 | 1.9375 | 2 |
View Full Version : Rigging a Train
02-22-2005, 12:04 AM
I need some help fast on this. I'm extremely new to Maya and got the task of rigger in our production team on campus. We are creating a model train that travels around the tracks. How can I setup the cars of the train to a) Follow the car infront of it while b) staying on the track and c) avoiding collisions with the car infont of it. Finally, all of this has to be keyable so that the train will maintain its animation data in the Panda 3D engine.
02-25-2005, 04:02 PM
Sounds like a job for Motion Path if I ever heard one.
Essentially you'll want to:
1) Create a NURBS curve along the path of the train tracks
2) Select the cars and the curve and Animate > Motion Paths > Attach to Motion Path. Probably have to do one car at a time.
3) Tweak the path keyframes so the cars are appropriately spaced out and travel the right distance on the path
4) Once it works, bake it out to keyframes for your Ling Ling engine or whatever.
Maya docs can give you specific details on how, or search around for a tutorial on using motion paths in maya.
Only other thing I can think of is if this is cartoony and you want the train cars themsevlves to bend as they go around curves -- then you probbably would need to look into Flow Path Object command.
Hope that helps.
02-25-2006, 05:00 PM
This thread has been automatically closed as it remained inactive for 12 months. If you wish to continue the discussion, please create a new thread in the appropriate forum. | <urn:uuid:0019ed63-c4bc-4dce-ab40-a27bbfe696c1> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://forums.cgsociety.org/archive/index.php?t-212994.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719908.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00157-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933497 | 374 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The UW Jackson School of International Studies welcomes middle school, high school, and community college educators to participate in the 2022 EU Policy Forum, an educator workshop co-sponsored by the European Union’s Erasmus+ Programme and focused on contemporary issues in the European Union. The workshop will include lectures by experts, a catered lunch, and facilitation by World Affairs Council Global Classroom Program Directorand High School Teacher Ryan Hauk. The workshop also offers 8 clock hoursfor full participation in the workshop. Parking is provided on the UW campus. Registration fee: $35.00.
2022 Workshop Agenda coming soon.
2022 Curriculum Resource Guide coming soon.
Ryan Hauck – Workshop Facilitator
Ryan Hauck is the Director of the Global Classroom Program at the World Affairs Council in Seattle. In this role, Ryan supports students, teachers, and schools in their efforts to enhance global education. He also teaches AP Comparative Politics and Psychology at Glacier Peak High School in Snohomish, WA, where he works to bring the world into his classroom. Ryan has a master’s degree in Globalization and Educational Change from Lehigh University’s Comparative and International Education Department. Ryan is passionate about engaging with other cultures and has worked on several projects in Nigeria over the past fifteen years. Most recently, Ryan participated in the U.S. Department’s Fulbright Teachers for Global Classroom Program to Senegal (2016), Transatlantic Outreach Program (TOP) to Germany (2017), National Consortium for Teaching about Asia Program to Taiwan (2018), and Qatar Foundation Program to Jordan (2019). Ryan is a Washington State Council for the Social Studies Board Member and serves on the Arctic Initiative Leadership Team at the University of Washington. Ryan’s essay “International Education Matters: The Role of NGOSs in Cultivating Global Competence was published in the 2019 edition of the Annual Review of Comparative and International Education.
Additional speaker bios coming soon.
To request disability accommodation contact the Disability Services Office at least ten days in advance at: (206) 543-6450/V, (206) 543-6452/TTY, (206) 685-7264 (FAX), or firstname.lastname@example.org.
This educator workshop is sponsored by the European Union’s Erasmus+ Programme, the UW Center for West European Studies & EU Center, the Jean Monnet Center of Excellence, the Ellison Center for Russian, East European and Central Asian Studies, the Center for Global Studies, and the World Affairs Council of Seattle. The workshop is hosted by the Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies. For more information, please email the Center for West European Studies at email@example.com
Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies
University of Washington
Seattle WA, 98195-3650
Director, Center for Global Studies
Managing Director, Center for Global Studies
International Studies Program Coordinator
Geography & Global Studies Librarian
Center for Global Studies, The Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington, Box 353650, Seattle, WA 98195-3650
Room 301A Thomson Hall | Phone: (206) 685-2354 | Fax: (206) 685-0668 | Email: firstname.lastname@example.org
The Jackson School is a proud member of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs.
© 2022 Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington | Seattle, WA | <urn:uuid:66877694-6e4a-4bc9-985f-f43a7f107962> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jsis.washington.edu/global/educator-programs/eu-policy-educator-workshop/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.880426 | 746 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Natural Language Processing – the application of software systems to examining, interpreting and accurately responding to speech is viewed as the next big leap in user interface technology. However, human speech is far more complex than most people realize. There are rules, such as spelling and grammar. How we interpret speech and text, though, is far less well-defined. How do you know when a person is being sarcastic, for example? How do we know that an athlete’s explosive sprint to the finish line didn’t involve any pyrotechnics? In human language, the words can say one thing, but the context and the tone make those words mean something else.
It takes humans a half a lifetime to learn the subtle nuances of language. Even then, there will be words and phrases that some of us don’t understand. Then, there are further complications in understanding language, such as dialects and colloquialisms. So, how can a computer that “thinks” in binary be programmed, line by line, to become fluent in any language? The answer is; it can’t. But, thanks to the advent of artificial intelligence (AI), a computer can now learn how to understand a language.
Natural language processing (NLP) is a branch of AI. NLP relates to humans and computers communicating using natural language. NLP includes both speech recognition and reading text. Using machine learning, a computer is now able to learn how to understand our speech and writing. Computers can now look at more than the keywords to decipher our language. It can pick up on the more subtle aspects of our language to interpret the contextual meaning of the words.
In the past, computers could only work with structured languages. The language had to be precise and unambiguous. To program a computer to perform any task, you had to give it clear instructions. You could only use the limited number of commands that the computer understood. The syntax had to be perfect as well.
Even an end-user of a computer program needs to give the computer precise commands. Those who are old enough will remember that to use a PC you once had to know the common MS-DOS commands. That barrier was overcome, to a degree, with graphical user interfaces, such as Windows. Now, we can point to a file with a mouse, instead of having to know the name of the file.
NLP promises to remove the need for being so precise. Instead of having to learn the computer’s language, the computer will learn how to understand ours. A very basic application of NLP will be how we interface with computers. We won’t have to tell the computer to open our “aprilcashflowforcast.XLS” file. We will be able to ask the computer less precise questions, such as “How much cash have we got coming in this month?”
NLP is not an emerging technology that will, one day, have applications in business. It is a technology that is in use now. NLP is being used in applications such as online searching, and grammar checkers. That’s why you can now search on Google using normal sentences. NLP goes far beyond simplifying the computer/human interface, though. Being able to understand human language has many other practical applications. Here are few examples of how NLP is being used today:
NLP programs learn a language in the same way that humans do. And, like humans, if a machine can learn one language, it can learn many. There are now neural machine translation programs that can translate between languages. The first of these was Microsoft’s Bing Translator.
NLP has made chatbots far more effective. This has increased the applications that chatbots are now used for. In HR applications, for example, chatbots are now answering employees’ questions. There is a chatbot called Talla that will answer questions such as “Do I have any vacation left?”.
NLP is also able to read and interpret the written word. One of the practical uses for this technology is the sifting of job applicants’ resumes. Machine learning allows text reading applications to learn synonyms. This is important when reading a resume because people use different terms to describe their personal qualities and their work history.
As NLP can understand the nuances of language, it can also understand the sentiment of the words. There is a technology known as opinion mining. This can analyze the opinion that people have of a brand by looking at blogs and social media profiles. It can understand the sentiment of posts and comments left by customers. Analyzing vast amounts of data like this would be an impossible task for a human.
Natural language processing is a major leap forward in AI technology. It removes the communication barrier that has always existed between machines and humans. The potential for the application of NLP in business is immense. A computer could now answer customer queries and take orders. Even if the customer uses obscure language. NLP is likely to remove the need for input devices, such as the keyboard and mouse as well. NLP matters, because it is about to revolutionize the way that we communicate with machines, and how they communicate with us.
Enter your information to subscribe to the Aezion blog digest. | <urn:uuid:ec9b21b9-20a1-452a-8404-a4f4e7eabad4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aezion.com/blogs/natural-language-processing-what-it-is-and-why-its-important/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.962255 | 1,087 | 3.84375 | 4 |
Back in 2011, file sharing protocol BitTorrent accounted for 13% of all North American web traffic in the peak hours of 7 p.m. to 11 p.m. By 2013, that number dropped to 7%.
To CEO Eric Klinker, that decline is a good one.
To understand why, we have to start in 2008. The decision of whether or not to allow Internet providers to favor some forms of traffic over others—also known as net neutrality—was beginning to bubble up in Washington. Some providers started blocking forms of web traffic—it's the best they can do to deal with the insane demand for transfers they get in those peak hours of 7 p.m. to 11 p.m.
"The rationale was that (all the traffic) was degrading the combined experience of all their users and therefore this was justified," Klinker says, "and that struck at the core of an open Internet."
BitTorrent was a rock between several hard places: the Internet providers, the lawmakers, and the users hungry for download speeds. But they didn't have the conventional resources for getting things done in Washington. They only had 23 employees. They had no government affairs office, no avenue for lobbying legislation. But they did have some of the best technologists in the game, who were asking themselves a few important questions:
- What if there was a way to solve the traffic jam without legislation?
- And what if the solution were a technological one?
That solution was the Micro Transport Protocol—a new way of organizing the Internet traffic.
Micro Transport Protocol, or uTP for short, is a way of allowing traffic to re-arrange itself so things don't get so jam-packed. It's like when you hack your commute by working for a few hours from home before taking to the bumper-to-bumper freeway or cheek-to-jowl subway: you wait to make your move until the coaster is clearer. Rather than having BitTorrent shoulder more of its way into bandwidth during peak hours, uTP re-arranges to a later time.
This stands in contrast to TCP/IP, an older, less agile protocol. When you're on TCP/IP, the network hums along until a data starts failing to reach its destination. Only then does it signal that the Internet connection is congested.
"This is analogous to driving through a school zone and waiting to slow down until you've hit your first pedestrian," Klinker says. "At the end of the day, TCP isn't a particularly intelligent method; it's designed to see damage on the traffic and then get out of the way. uTP is designed to sense that damage is about to happen and then get out of the way."
Let's say you get home from work and want to watch House of Cards on Netflix or call your cousin on Skype. Under uTP, any BitTorrent transfers you have going on in the background will politely wait for your streaming to be finished before they jump in. Then, in the uncrowded hours of the late night, uTP lets your torrenting get going, soaking up all that suddenly spare bandwidth. Now that uTP is used for 80% of BitTorrent transfers, traffic no longer peaks in that 7 p.m. to 10 p.m. time slot. This is also why the monthly userbase has grown from 60 million in 2008 to 170 million today—all while the share of peak traffic continues to go down.
To Klinker, The uTP is a win-win-win. It's allowed BitTorrent to get even bigger while lessening its presence at peak hours. It's a win for Internet providers because they get more value from the existing investment of their network. It's a win for users because they don't want their downloads and uploads crowding into crowded hours.
Together, uTP feels like a lesson for the ongoing net neutrality debate.
"It's the best example we have of technology being used to solve what is perceived to be a policy problem," Klinker says. "Especially in the light of the Internet as a global phenomenon, there's no single regulatory body for the Internet and hopefully there won't be. It's only through the technology that the Internet's rules are written." | <urn:uuid:89406993-c38e-4ebe-8986-f7472e976c46> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.fastcompany.com/3026852/lessons-learned/how-bittorrent-rewrote-the-rules-of-the-internet | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00060-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970414 | 876 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Which protocol is used by RADIUS? User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Communication between a network access server (NAS) and a RADIUS server is based on the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Is RADIUS an open protocol? Features
Which protocol is used by RADIUS?
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Communication between a network access server (NAS) and a RADIUS server is based on the User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
Is RADIUS an open protocol?
Features – Some of the features of RADIUS are: Open standard protocol for AAA framework i.e it can use between any vendor device and Cisco ACS server. It uses UDP as a transmission protocol. It uses UDP port number 1812 for authentication and authorization and 1813 for accounting.
What are the 3 A’s in the AAA protocol?
AAA stands for authentication, authorization, and accounting. AAA is a framework for intelligently controlling access to computer resources, enforcing policies, auditing usage, and providing the information necessary to bill for services.
Is RADIUS UDP or TCP?
Diameter uses SCTP or TCP while RADIUS typically uses UDP as the transport layer. As of 2012, RADIUS can also use TCP as the transport layer with TLS for security.
What is the difference between Tacacs and RADIUS?
RADIUS was designed to authenticate and log remote network users, while TACACS+ is most commonly used for administrator access to network devices like routers and switches. Traditionally authorized users provide a username and password to verify their identity for both RADIUS and TACACS+.
What are the three characteristics of RADIUS?
What are three characteristics of RADIUS? Answers B, C, and E are correct. RADIUS is an open standard developed by the IETF; it uses UDP/IP and is only able to encrypt passwords. Answers A and D describe TACACS+; it is Cisco proprietary, uses TCP/IP, and encrypts all the data.
Which protocols are implementations of AAA?
TACACS+ and RADIUS are the predominant security server protocols used for AAA with network access servers, routers, and firewalls. These protocols are used to communicate access control information between the security server and the network equipment.
What are three characteristics of the RADIUS protocol?
What are the major activities of AAA?
Authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) is a term for a framework for intelligently controlling access to computer resources, enforcing policies, auditing usage, and providing the information necessary to bill for services.
What are the components of the RADIUS protocol?
RADIUS is an access server that using the AAA protocol. It is a system following a pattern of distributed security, securing remote access to networks and network services against unauthorized access. It comprises of three components: A protocol with a frame format that utilizes User Datagram Protocol (UDP)/IP. A server.
Who is the creator of the AAA protocol radius?
RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service) is all-vendor supported AAA protocol. RADIUS was first developed by Livingston Enterprises Inc in 1991, which later merged with Alcatel Lucent. RADIUS later became an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard.
What do you need to know about AAA protocols?
They need to check who they are, what are they allowed for and what did they do. These three questions are the main explanation of AAA (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting). There are some protocols are used for this purposes. The two common ones are TACACS+ and RADIUS. In this lesson we will see, TACACS vs RADIUS.
What does radius stand for in network access?
RADIUS is a protocol for carrying authentication, authorization, and configuration information between a Network Access Server which desires to authenticate its links and a shared Authentication Server. RADIUS stands for Remote Authentication Dial In User Service. RADIUS is an AAA protocol for applications such as Network Access or IP Mobility | <urn:uuid:04aa816b-a3ff-4a15-bba8-fc3d7417e06a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://missionalcall.com/2021/08/11/which-protocol-is-used-by-radius/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.900337 | 865 | 3.09375 | 3 |
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